388 IJ O DAVIS ALASKA VOLUME XII SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION HARRIMAN ALASKA SERIES VOLUME XII ENCHYTR^EIDS n BY GUSTAV EISEN TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS BY KATHERINE J. BUSH (PUBLICATION 1999) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1910 KRAUS REPRINT CO. New York 1972 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA^ ADVERTISEMENT. The publication of the series of volumes on the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899, heretofore pri- vately printed, has been transferred to the Smithsonian Institution by Mrs. Edward H. Harriman, and the work will hereafter be known as the Harriman Alaska Series of the Smithsonian Institution. The remainder of the edition of Volumes I to V, and VIII to XIII, as also Volumes VI and VII in preparation, together with any additional volumes that may hereafter appear, will bear special Smithsonian title pages. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY, 1910 Reprinted with the permission of the original publisher KRAUS REPRINT CO. A U.S. Division of Kraus-Thomson Organization Limited Printed in U.S.A. HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION WITH COOPERATION OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALASKA VOLUME XII ENCHYTR^EIDS BY GUSTAV EISEN TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS BY KATHARINE J. BUSH NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1904 COPYRIGHT, 1904 BY EDWARD H. HARRIMAN PREFACE THE present volume comprises two papers : The Enchytrae- idse of the West Coast of North America, by Dr. Gustav Eisen ; and the Tubicolous Annelids of the tribes Sabellides and Ser- pulides from the Pacific Ocean, by Miss Katharine J. Bush. The manuscript on the Enchytraeidae was placed in my hands about three years ago. Owing to unavoidable delays in the preparation of the volumes which precede it in the series, earlier publication has been impracticable. This is greatly to be re- gretted, particularly since some of the species then described as new by Dr. Eisen have been since published by others. The manuscript on the Tubicolous Annelids reached me in January, 1904, when Dr. Eisen's paper was already in page proof, and just in time to be included in the volume. Both papers represent an enormous amount of patient pains- taking original work on little known groups, our knowledge of which is correspondingly advanced. The number of new spe- cies and subspecies described is 100, of which 52 are Enchy- traeids, 48 Tubicolous Annelids. Besides the new species, Miss Bush proposes 15 new genera. C. HART MERRIAM, Editor. WASHINGTON, D. C. April 10, 1904. CONTENTS MM PREFACE v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix ENCHYTR^EID^E, BY GUSTAV EISEN. Introduction I Explanation of Terms 3 Importance of Penial Bulb in Classification 6 Synopsis of Subfamilies and Genera n Systematic Discussion of Genera and Species 13 Bibliography 121 Abbreviations used in the Text Figures 124 Abbreviations used in the Plates 125 Index to Genera and Species 126 TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS, BY KATHARINE J. BUSH. Introduction 169 Species previously recorded from the Pacific 172 New Genera 178 Species new to the Region 179 Systematic Discussion 183 Notes on Genus Spirorbis 252 Bibliography ; 269 Addendum 287 Index to Genera and Species 292 VOLUME INDEX 341 (vii) ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES PLATB FACING PAGE I. Mesenchytrceus harrimani, M. unalaskce, M. grandis, M. setchelli, M. eastivoodt, M. pedatus, M. fonti- nalis, M. kincaidi, M. fuscus inermis, Enchytrceus alaskce 128 II. Mesenchytrceus harrimani 1 30 III. Mesenchytrceus vegce 132 IV . Mesenchytrceus setchelli, M. franciscanus 1 34 V. Mesenchytrceus maculatus 136 VI. Mesenchytrceus obscurus, M. eastivoodi 138 VII. Mesenchytrceus grandis, M. kincaidi, M. solifugus ... 140 VIII. Mesenchytrceus solifugus, M. fuscus 142 IX. Mesenchytrceus penicillus, M. pedatus 144 X. Mesenchytrceus beringensis 146 XI. Mesenchytrceus orcce, M. fontinalis , M. asiaticus 148 XII. Bryodrilus udei, Lumbricillus merriami, L. merriami elongatus 150 XIII. Lumbricillus franciscanus, L. santceclarce, L. ritteri.. 152 XIV. Marionina americana, M. alaskce 154 XV. Henlea calif ornica, H. ehrhorni, H. guatemalce, Frid- ericia californica 156 XVI. Fridericia sonorce, F. santcerosce, F. johnsoni 158 XVII . Fridericia fuchsi, F. macgregori 1 60 XVIII. Lumbricillus annulatus, Enchytrceus kincaidi, E. met- lakatlensis, E. saxicola 162 XIX. Enchytrceus metlakatlensis , E. modestus, E. alaskce .. 164 XX. Enchytrceus alaskce, Fridericia harrimani 166 XXI. Eudistylia gigantea, E. plumosa 300 XXII. Myxicola glacialis, Eudistylia tenella, E. gigantea, E. plumosa 302 XXIII. Eudistylia gigantea, E. tenella, Schizobranchia con- cinna 304 (ix) X ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE FACING PAGE XXIV. Schizobranchia insignis, S. nobilis, Eudistylia ab- breviata 306 XXV. Myxicola glacialis, Aspeira modesta, Eudistylia gigantea, Crucigera irregularis 308 XXVI. Myxicola conjuncta, M. glacialis, Sabella elegans, Serpula splendens 310 XXVII. Schizobranchia insignis, Sabella humilis, S. leptalea, S.formosa, S. elegans, Parasabella media, Spiror- bis semidentatus, S. spirillum lucidus, Eupomatus gracilis 312 XXVIII. Schizobranchia dubia, S. concinna, S. insignis, S. nobilis, Crucigera formosa, Parasabella maculata, Spirorbis asperatus 314 XXIX. Schizobranchia dubia, Serpula splendens, Spirorbis variabilis, S. rugatus, S. similis, Crucigera ir- regularis, C. zygophora, Eudistylia polymorpha.. 316 XXX. Chone teres, Serpula splendens, Spirorbis asperatus. 318 XXXI. Crucigera formosa, C. zygophora 320 XXXII-XLIV. Details of Annelid Setae, etc 322~339 TEXT FIGURES FIGURE PAGE i. Mesenchytrceus unalaska 21 2, 3. Mesenchytrceus asiaticus 22, 23 4-6. Mesenchytrceus harrimani 24, 25 7-9. Mesenchytrceus setchelli 27, 28 10, ii. Mesenchytrceus franciscanus 30, 31 12, 13. Mesenchytrceus obscurus 33, 34 14. Mesenchytrceus maculatus 36 15. Mesenchytrceus vegce 38 16. Mesenchytrceus orcce 39 17. Mesenchytrceus kincaidi 42 18, 19. Mesenchytrceus penicillus 43, 44 20. Mesenchytrceus grandis 45 21-23. Mesenchytrceus fuscus 47, 48 24. Mesenchytrceus fuscus inermis 49 25. Mesenchytrceus east-woodi 51 26. Mesenchytrceus nanus 52 27. Mesenchytrceus fontinalis 53 28. Mesenchytrceus fontinalis gracilis 54 ILLUSTRATIONS XI FIGURE PAGB 29, 30. Mesenchytrceus pedatus 55, 56 31. Mesenchytrceus beringensis 58 32. Mesenchytrceus solifugus 60 33. Enchytrceus modestus 63 34-36. Enchytrceus metlakatlensis 65, 66 37, 38. Enchytrceus kincaidi 67, 68 39, 40. Enchytrceus alaskce 69, 70 41. Enchytrceus saxicola 70 42. Enchytrceus citrinus 72 43. Michaelsena paucispina 74 44-46. Lumbricillus santceclarce 77' 7^ 47, 48. Lumbricillus merriami 80 49. Lumbricillus merriami elongatus 81 50-52. Lumbricillus annulatus 82, 83, 84 53, 54. Lumbricillus ritteri. 85 55-57. Lumbricillus franciscanus 86, 87 58. Lumbricillus franciscanus borealis 89 59. Lumbricillus franciscanus unalaskce 90 60. Marionina alaskce 92 61, 62. Marionina americana 93 63. JSryodrilus udei 95 64. Henlea californica 100 65. Henlea californica monticola 101 66. Henlea californica helence 101 67, 68. Henlea guatemalce 102, 103 69. Henlea ehrhorni 104 70, 71- Fridericia harrimani no 72. Fridericia johnsoni 112 73, 74. Fridericia fuchsi 113 75. Fridericia sonorce 114 76. Fridericia santcerosce 116 77. Fridericia santcebarbarce 117 78,79. Fridericia popoftana 117? n8 80. Fridericia macgregori. 119 81. Fridericia californica 120 ENCHYTR^ID^E OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA ENCHYTR^ID^E OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY GUSTAV EISEN CONTENTS Introduction I Synopsis of subfamilies and genera II Systematic discussion of genera and species 13 Bibliography 121 Abbreviations used In text figures 124 Abbreviations used in plates 125 Index 126 INTRODUCTION THE following paper is based principally on the Enchy- traeidae collected by the Harriman Expedition to Alaska in 1899. The specimens were placed at my disposal for study by Prof. W. E. Ritter, of the University of California, and by Prof. Trevor Kincaid, of the University of Washington. At the time these specimens were sent me, I was already working up a collection of Enchytraeidas previously obtained in Alaska by Prof. Trevor Kincaid and Prof. W. A. Setchell, the latter principally on the island of Unalaska. Other specimens had been received from Dr. Richard C. McGregor, of San Fran- cisco, and still others had been collected by myself. Another small collection had long been in my possession, having been brought together by Dr. Anton Stuxberg during the Vega Expedition under Baron A. E. Nordenskiold in 1877. Of the (0 2 EISEN latter only those species collected in Alaska are described in this paper. With the permission of Mr. E. H. Harriman I have included descriptions of all the above collections in the present paper, which thus becomes much more valuable and exhaustive. The number of species found within a really limited territory will probably prove a surprise to students of this group of animals ; and it must be remembered that none of those who contributed the collections made a specialty of this group. A few specimens were collected here and others there, every col- lector having some other special branch to look after. Still the result is most gratifying, as the forty six new species increase the total from 128 to 174. While the specimens from Alaska have all been carefully gone over and all the species described, the same cannot be said of other specimens in my collection. Owing to unforeseen circumstances this paper had to be brought to a speedy close and many species had to be left out which undoubtedly would have proved to be new. I have yet in my possession some fifty or more new species collected on the Pacific Coasts by myself, and by Dr. Stuxberg during the Vega Expedition, but time does not allow me to describe them now. My object in mentioning this fact is merely to show the great number of species en the Pacific coast and in the arctic and subarctic zones generally. Nearly every new locality is found to possess new and distinct species, which seem to be much more restricted in their habitat than is the case in Europe. The isolation of species in California is undoubt- edly due to the lesser rainfall on this part of the coast, which has prevented the species from rapidly spreading. In the north, along the Alaska coast, Enchytrasidas seem to occur in count- less numbers, favorable localities being found everywhere. But the further south we go the scarcer become the species and the higher must we go in the mountains in order to find any at all. Compared with the north, Enchytraeidse in California are ex- ceedingly scarce, and even during the rainy season we may hunt for several days in apparently favorable localities without finding any. Even in the Sierra Nevada species of this family are comparatively rare. As we go further south, into Mexico, ENCHYTR^EID^E 3 the species become still more scarce, and those of Mesenchy- tr&ns seem to disappear altogether. SAN FRANCISCO, March 31, 1900. NOTE. — This paper was finished and forwarded to the editor a month or so before the publication of the < Oligochaeta ' by Dr. W. Michaelsen. Being unable to use the admirable work of Dr. Michaelsen in the preparation of my paper, I was obliged to postpone until proof-reading some important and necessary changes in the nomenclature of genera, species and organs. These changes I have now made. Thus I have followed Dr. Michaelsen in changing Pachydrilus to Lumbricillus, and I have also adopted such terms as * ampulla,' ' peptonephridia ' and others in order to make the terminology more uniform. Since Dr. Michaelsen's Oligochaeta was published a few minor publications by other investigators have appeared, containing descriptions of species of Enchytraeidse, especially from the southern part of Europe and the Alps. These species I have as a rule left without consideration, the time being too limited to enable me to make further additions and comparisons. The types of all or nearly all the species described in this paper have been sectioned up and are now in the form of micro- scopical slides in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences at San Francisco, Calif. The types of the Vega Ex- pedition will be forwarded to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. Cotypes of the species collected by the Har- riman Expedition have been deposited with Prof. Trevor Kin- caid in the University of Washington, at Seattle, and with Prof. W. E. Ritter in the University of California, at Berkeley. GUSTAV EISEN. August 15, 1903. EXPLANATION OF TERMS. The following terms used in this paper require some explanation in order to be fully understood. Accessory glands. — All glands which open around the base of the sperm-ducts, but which do not originate inside the penial bulb. The accessory glands do not stand in any direct connection with the 4 EISEN sperm-ducts. Typical accessory glands are found in Mesenchytrceus franciscanus, M. pedatus, and M. solifugus. Ampulla. — The distal, generally inflated part of the spermatheca. The ampullar part is often furnished with diverticles at its base, these diverticles resembling the ampulla in structure, but differing from the duct of the spermatheca. Atrium. — That enlargement of the sperm-duct situated in the coelomic cavity immediately adjoining the penial bulb. Sometimes there are two more or less similar enlargements. In such cases the upper enlargement is named atrium, while the lower one, closer to the pore, and which is generally situated inside the penial bulb, is designated ' penial chamber.' Atrial glands. — Glands which are situated free in the coelomic cavity and which open into the atrium. The ducts of these glands may open between the inner epithelial cells in the atrium, or they may run down in the atrium and open at the base of the sperm-ducts. The atrial glands are also known as prostates. Cardiac gland. — The inner glandular structures in the dorsal ves- sel (Herzkorper of Michaelsen) . Chylus cells. — Large intestinal cells perforated longitudinally by a canal. These cells are found only in a few genera, and generally alternate with common epithelial cells in the intestine. Their form and location are characteristic of the species. Generally located in the vicinity of the clitellar somites. Copulatory papillae. — The exterior penial papillae situated close to or surrounding the spermi ducal pores. Protuberances serving as exterior copulatory organs. Cyanophil lymphocytes. — Lymphocytes which when double-stained take the blue anilin stains. Eosinophil lymphocytes. — Lymphocytes which when double- stained take the red eosin stain. Intra-penial glands. — Glands which are situated inside the penial part of the sperm-duct. These glands are enclosed by the penial envelope and open at the lower apex of the penis, but always inside, never outside the penis. Typical in Mesenchytrceus harrimani. Penial bulb. — The bulbous muscular and glandular structure situated at the base of the sperm-duct in Mesenchy 'trainee an&jLumbrictllince. The structure of the bulb is of importance in characterizing the species. Penial papillce . — Smaller or larger papillae consisting of unicellu- lar glands situated inside the body in the vicinity of the spermiducal pores. Found only, so far as known, in Enchytrceince. Possibly ENCHYTR^EID^E £ also in Anachcetince the cells of the penial papillae never enter the sperm-ducts. Penial chamber. — The lowest enlargement of the sperm-duct situ- ated below the enlargement designated as atrium. So far as known no glands open into the penial chamber. Peptonephridia. — Glands resembling nephridial structures, open- ing into the pharynx. The name ' peptonephridia ' was first introduced by Benham and later adopted by Michaelsen and others for structures formerly designated as salivary glands. As these structures greatly resemble the nephridial ducts, and differ characteristically from such glandular structures as the segmental and sexual glands, a distinct name for them is appropriate. Salivary glands. — See peptonephridia. Sexual papillae. — Glandular papillae projecting exteriorly from the body -wall, in the vicinity of the penial pore. The interior glandular structures are designated ' penial bulb ' or * penial papillae,' the latter in Enchytrceus, the former in Mesenchytrceus and other genera. Spermiducal apparatus. — The sperm-funnels, sperm-duct, penial bulb and accessory, atrial and penial glands. Spermatheca. — Sperm-pockets (Samentaschen) . The pore gener- ally in £. The lower narrow part is the duct, the upper thin-walled part is the ampulla, which is often furnished with diverticles at its base. Septal glands. — Unicellular glands, grouped in fascicles, opening in the palate, but often projecting several somites backwards. Septal glands may be both dorsal and ventral. Sperm-sacs. — Sacs covered with integument and attached to the testes. In these sacs the spermatozoa reach their final development. The sperm -sacs are either single, paired, or a separate sperm-sac — testicle-sac — may cap each separate lobe of the plurilobed testes, as in the genus Lumbricillus \ Ventral glands . — Peculiar coelomic glands of unknown quality, but probably of sexual nature, found in the vicinity of the ventral ganglion in certain genera. In some instances these glands are inti- mately connected with the ventral nerve trunk, in other instances they are merely in exterior contact with the ventral nerve trunk. They always penetrate the body -wall and open through it immediately under the ventral nerve trunk. The inner, or distal, ends are free in the coelo- mic cavity, or may be united with the ventral nerve trunk. (' Kopu- lationsdriisen ' of Ude and Michaelsen ; * Copulatory glands ' and * Outgrowths of nerve cords ' of Beddard.) EISEN IMPORTANCE OF THE PENIAL BULB IN CLASSIFICATION. The present arrangement of the various genera is partly tentative. Until now the structure of the penial bulb has not been critically examined, except in a few species besides those described in this paper, and it is in reality only a supposition that the structure of the penial bulb is uniform in the respective species of a genus. I think, however, this assumption will prove to be correct. The species within each of the genera which have been examined have proved to corre- spond in all particulars to such an extent that it may be safely assumed that the other species also will agree. Of the genera of the family, I have not had any opportunity to examine Bucholzia and Achceta. Of Bucholzia I have not been able to find any description referring to the structure of the penial bulb, and this genus is simply inserted in the subfamily Lumbricillinae on account of its undoubted relationship to the genus Henlea. Chiro- drilus, which has not been seen by any recent investigator of this family, is appended for convenience sake. Of its interior structure we know nothing. Structure of the penial bulb. — The copulatory cushion or penial bulb is of considerable importance in the classification of Enchytra- ida;, and I have as far as it has been possible investigated its structure in all the species described in this paper. In some instances the pres- ervation of the specimens has not been sufficiently perfect to allow a minute microscopical study of these complicated structures, but these instances have been comparatively few, and it seems almost certain that a great uniformity of structure exists in the different species of the same genus, or in the same genera of the various subfamilies. The structure of the penial bulb or corresponding organs can therefore be said to be highly characteristic of both species, genera and sub- families. As previous investigators have paid little or no attention to the finer structure of these sexual organs I will here refer to them more in detail in order that the following classification may be better comprehended. In nearly all species of this family there exist one or several pecu- liar cushions in the vicinity of the spermiducal pore — the pore in which opens the sperm-duct leading from the funnel. This cushion or bulb is either intimately connected with the lower part of sperm-duct in such a way that the lower part of the duct is enclosed by the bulb, the spermiducal pore then being situated nearly in the center of the outer surface of the bulb. Or the pore of the sperm-duct may be sit- ENCHYTR^IDvE 7 uated entirely exterior to the penial bulb and in no way connected with the many glands which generally are found in the bulb. This latter seems to be characteristic of the subfamily of Enchytraeinae, while the former is the case in the other subfamilies so far as is known. As regards the structure of the penial bulb there are also some great and very interesting differences. For instance, the bulb may be traversed by numerous trabecula or muscular strands, in two or more directions, longitudinal or fan-shaped, and circular. The for- mer strands run from the body surface to the periphery of the bulb, while the latter form a circular layer in the bulb. These strands sepa- rate the glands found in the bulb from each other. In another type of bulb there are no such strands of muscles to be found separating the glands, the latter being closely packed without any intermediary muscles or even connective tissue. The muscular bulb is found in Mesen- chytraeinae, while the non-muscular bulb is found in Lumbricillinae. In several species the bulb is either insufficiently developed or of a degenerated type, but even in such species there are generally some characteristic features left, enabling us to assign it to its proper type. In Lumbricillus the bulb is surrounded by a thick muscular layer, being a continuation of the body wall. This is also the character of the bulb in Bryodrilus, and is probably found in all the other species in the subfamily. In Enchytraeinae the muscles of the bulb are more numerous, forming often a thick padding over the glands of the bulb, and even penetrating between them. But there are no bands of muscles connecting the body wall with the periphery of the bulb as in Mesenchytraeinae. Instead of one single bulb we find in Enchytraeinae a number of smaller and as regards size varying glandular cushions, succeeding one another both in the longitudinal and the transverse diameter of the worm. If we thus summarize the above facts we find that in this family there exist three distinct kinds of penial bulbs, differing as regards their finer structure. The Mesenchytraeid bulb is a single muscular structure, containing circular muscles as well as fan-shaped muscular bands' connecting the body wall with the periphery of the bulb. Between the muscular bands are generally found numerous penial glands which open on the surface of the bulb around the penial pore. The sperm-duct penetrates the bulb, opening on the center of its outer surface. The Enchytraeid bulb is multiple, consisting of several separate cushions grouped around the penial pore. In these cushions we find several sets or fascicles of glands, each fascicle opening by itself on the 8 EISEN surface of the body. There are no muscular bands connecting the base of the cushions with its periphery. The sperm-duct never pene- trates the bulbs or cushions but opens close to and independently of them. Exterior to the cushions there are numerous muscles connecting the body wall immediately surrounding the pore with other parts of the same somite. The Lumbricillid bulb is always single and covered with a strong muscular layer, which however never penetrates down between the cells of the bulb. There are generally two or three distinct sets of glandular cells in the bulb. Some of these open in the lower part of the sperm-duct, or rather in a narrow groove in the elongation of the sperm-duct. Others open on the free surface of the bulb, either irregu- larly or in narrow circular fields, bunched into fascicles. The sperm- duct penetrates one side of the bulb. In Bryodrilus the gland which opens in the extension of the sperm-duct is covered with a thin cushion of muscular strands, forming a bulb within a bulb. Structure of the atrium and its glands. — The structure of the enlargement of the sperm-duct which I have designated as atrium is a complicated one, especially in Mesenchytrceus \ In the subfamilies of Lumbricillinae and Enchytraeinae the sperm-duct continues to the pore, even through its passage through penial bulb, without any enlargement, and without being joined by any atrial or accessory glands. Any ref- erence to the finer structure of the sperm-duct proper in these two sub- families is therefore not necessary. But in Mesenchytrceus the struc- ture is often so complicated and so varied that it generally furnishes im- portant characteristics of the species. In many species there exists an atrial enlargement just outside of the penial bulb, while many species possess also another enlargement inside the penial bulb, close to the penial pore. For the former I have retained the name ' atrium,' for the latter ' penial chamber.' Both these enlargements may be connected with various kinds of glandular cells. These cells are either single or, more frequently, grouped in fascicles in the same manner as the septal glands. All the various glands in the family resemble one another in that the respective cells open independently of each other through a long and narrow duct. In no instance is there a common lumen for the various cells, though they may be grouped together in fascicles, in which the long and exceedingly narrow ducts run parallel to each other for some considerable distance. This is especially the case with the atrial glands. These glands occur generally in fascicles, which lie free in the coelomic cavity, but send their fine, thread-like ducts into the atrium of the sperm-duct. In many species the ducts of the fasci- ENCHYTR^EID^E p cles are surrounded by circular muscles in the immediate vicinity of the sperm-duct. In other species these circular muscles are wanting. If we follow these fine hair-ducts of the cells we find that some of them after having penetrated the muscular coat of the sperm-duct, enter between the inner epithelial cells of the atrium, and empty their contents into the atrial lumen. Other ducts again do not open into the lumen at once, but run either up or down between the epithelium of the atrium and its muscular layers, and only enter the atrial lumen a considerable distance from the place where they penetrated the atrial covering. In many species the glandular ducts form a thick layer of fine thread-like ducts, which layer is thicker than any of the atrial layers proper. While some of the ducts from the glands enter the atrial lumen without being enlarged or widened out, others first widen out, forming a small pocket in which their granular contents are stored. The number and location of the atrial glandular fascicles vary in dif- ferent species. In some instances they penetrate the atrium in the same equatorial plane, while in other species they cover the atrium in an irregular manner. In some species these fine ducts of the cells continue downward in the atrium but open only at the penial pore on the surface of the body-wall. In some species the atrial glands are wanting, while in others they seem to be replaced by minute glands situated entirely inside the atrium near the penial pore. Another set of glands connected with the spermiducal organ consist of accessory glands, which open near the penial pore, but which stand in no connection with either the sperm-duct or the penial bulb. In some species there are many accessory glands arranged in a ring in the coelomic cavity around the bulb and opening along a circular band around the penial pore. But in other species there may be only two or even one single fascicle of accessory glands opening in a pore by itself, but in the immediate vicinity of the penial pore. In structure these glands resemble the atrial and penial glands (figs. 10, 32). The exterior pore of these accessory glands is often very large, reminding us of the tubercula pubertatis in the higher Oligochaeta. At the lower end of the sperm-duct we find in many species, both of Mesenchytrceus and Lumbricittus , etc. , a set of very small glands which appear to open directly in the sperm-duct. These glands are often enclosed within the muscles of the sperm-duct, and appear as an en- largement of the duct. But it is to be noted that the surface on which these glands open is destitute of any epithelial cells, those of the sperm-duct always ending where the glands commence. I have, there- fore, referred to these glands as opening in the prolongation of the IQ EISEN sperm-duct instead of in the duct itself. In the genus Mesenchytrceus these glands are found only in few species, while in Lumbricillinse they are found in all species examined by me. The various glands of the spermiducal apparatus . — In the fore- going as well as in the following paragraphs the various glands of the spermiducal apparatus have often been referred to in their respec- tive places. As their number is considerable and as their structure is somewhat complicated I will here summarize their most important characteristics and endeavor to classify them according to their nature and location. There are at least five different kinds of glands opening into or in the proximity of the sperm-duct. The first group of glands are those which open in the sperm-duct exterior to the penial bulb. These are the atrial glands which, as we have seen, may directly penetrate between the atrial inner epithelium and open into the atrial chamber and pour their secretions there. Or they may follow between the atrial epithelium and the atrial muscular layers and empty their contents around the penial pore. An illustration of the former is seen in Mesenchytrceus maculatus (pi. v, fig. 5). The latter is illustrated in Mesenchytrceus grandis (pi. vn, fig. 2) . Another group of glands in the lowest part of the sperm-duct, or more particularly in the short extension of the sperm-duct, is found in many species of Lumbricillinae and in some species of Mesenchytrceus for which see pi. xi, fig. 4 {Mesenchytrceus asiaticus), and pi. xv, fig. 7 {Henlea guatemalce) . Such glands I have referred to as ' intra- penial glands.' Another group of glands are designated ' copulatory glands.' These glands are found inside the penial bulb, but do not open into the sperm- duct, but around the spermiducal pore, on the body surface of the penial bulb. Such glands are seen in pi. xi, fig. 4 {Mesenchytrceus asiaticus), and in pi. xvm, fig. i {Lumbricillus annulatus*). The copulatory glands may open separately, as in pi. xiv, fig. i {Marionina americana), or they may open in fascicles in separate pores, as in pi. xv, fig. 6 {Henlea ehrhorni}. The two kinds of glands may be found in the same penial bulb, and their arrangement and occurrence are probably characteristic of the species. The fourth class of glands is the accessory glands which open out- side of the penial bulb, as illustrated in pi. ix, figs. 5, 6 {Mesenchy- trceus pedatus) . Anc her set of glands are those found in Enchytrceus, which open in grouj. outside of the penial pore (pi. xix, figs, i and 6). OF NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA SYNOPSIS OF SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA I. Subfamily The penial bulb consists of a muscular cushion containing muscular strands mostly radiating from the base of the bulb, but also running in a peripheral manner. Among these muscular strands are often found numerous glandular cells arranged in sets, which open onto the basal surface of the penial bulb. The sperm-ducts penetrate the bulb but the glands in the bulb do not open into the ducts. Setae sigmoid in four fascicles on each somite. No dorsal pores. An atrium and atrial glands generally present. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum and is furnished with cardiac gland. One pair of sperm-sacs and a single median ovisac. Head-pore generally at the apex of the prostomium. Nephridia pluri-lobed, with wide closely wound canals ........................... i. Mesenchytrceus Eisen. II. Subfamily ENCHTTR^EIN^E. No large compact penial bulb, only one or more smaller or larger papillae, consisting of a number of unicellular glands arranged in sets, in which the individual cells radiate in a feathery or fan-shaped man- ner from a common point on the base of the papillae. A few muscular strands penetrate between the glandular sets, radiating from the base of the papillae to the parietes or body-wall situated laterally to the ven- tral ganglion. Sperm-ducts open independently of the penial papillae, though in their immediate vicinity. Never any atrium. Setae always straight when present. Nephridia not pluri-lobed. No intestinal di- verticles. Peptonephridia glands present or absent. No dorsal pores. Four fascicles of setae in each somite and more than one seta in each fascicle ............................................. 2 . Enchytrceus ( Henle) . No fascicles of setae. Setae single or even entirely absent in many somites .................................................. 3. Michaelsena Ude. 12 EISEN III. Subfamily No setae, only glandular sacs, projecting from the body- wall into the coelomie cavity. The penial bulb consists of numerous glandular cells arranged in a fan-shaped manner (the finer details of this structure are not known) . Dorsal vessel rises anterior to clitellum. Unpaired peptonephridia. Head-pore at the apex of the prostomium. Nephridia with a very large anteseptal, not pluri-lobed. No dorsal pores. Blood color- less. Chylus cells in the intestine .................... 4. Achceta Vejd. IV. Subfamily LUMBRICILLIN^®. The single penial bulb contains as a rule no muscular strands, but is covered by a strong investment of muscles, which, however, never penetrate into the bulb. The bulb contains a great number of unicellular glands, which open either on the basal surface of the bulb or into the extension of the duct. The sperm-ducts penetrate the bulb and open in conjunction with the glands. No atrium. No accessory glands. Setae in fascicles of four. Nephridia not pluri-lobed. Head-pore between prostomium and somite I. A. Setae always sigmoid and arranged in a fan-shaped manner in the fascicle. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum. No dorsal pores. No cardiac gland. Blood red. Esophagus gradually merging into the intestine. Sperm-sac caps each testis-lobe. No peptonephridia . Testes pluri-lobed ................................... 5. Lumbricillus Clap. Testes massive and undivided .............. 6. Marionina Michaelsen. B. Setae sigmoid or straight. Dorsal vessel rises anterior to cli- tellum. No dorsal pores. Blood colorless. Intestine with or without pouches. Dorsal vessel without cardiac gland, rises from an anterior dorsal diverticle of the intestine. Esophagus merges suddenly into the intestine. Rudimentary salivary glands. Setae sigmoid. 7. Bucholzia Michaelsen. Dorsal vessel rises anterior to clitellum, but not from a dorsal diver- ticle of the intestine. A cardiac gland. No diverticles of the in- testine. Esophagus gradually merging into the intestine. No peptonephridia. Setae sigmoid ........... 8. Stercutus Michaelsen. Dorsal vessel rises in the clitellar somites. Intestine with four diverticles in VIII. No sperm-sacs. No dorsal pores. Nephridia ENCHYTR^EID^E 13 with minute anteseptal. Setae sigmoid or straight. Rudimentary peptonephridia 9. Bryodrilus Ude. Dorsal vessel rises from a sinus in VIII, formed by the junction of esophagus and intestine, which suddenly merge into each other. Intestine with two to four intestinal pouches or with none. Large peptonephridia. Setae sigmoid or straight. 10. Henlea Michaelsen. C. Setae straight, the inner ones always shorter than the outer ones. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum. Blood colorless. In- testine without pouches. Two kinds of lymphocytes. Dorsal pores in the dorsal median line half way between the septa. Four fascicles of setae. Dorsal pores begin with VI or VII. Chylus cells in some somites in the vicinity of clitellum. No cardiac gland. Peptonephridia simple or branched. ii. Fridericia Michaelsen. Only the ventral fascicles of setae present, anteriorly 4 setae, posteriorly rarely more than one seta in each fascicle. A cardiac gland. Dorsal vessel post-clitellial. Some of the anterior septa are thickened 12. Distichopus Leidy. JD. Six fan-shaped fascicles of setae in each somite. Two fascicles are ventral, two lateral and two subdorsal. The setae in the ven- tral and lateral fascicles four to nine, simple, acute, curved like an italic f\ those of the dorsal fascicles stouter and less curved, three to six in each fascicle. Blood colorless. 13. Chirodrilus Verrill. SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Subfamily MESENCHTTRsEINJE. This subfamily includes for the present only the single genus, after which the subfamily takes its name. In his arrangement of the family Michaelsen places Stercutus close to Mesenchytrtzus on account of the sigmoid setae. It seems to me, however, more probable that this genus is more closely related to Pachydrilinae on account of the form of its nephridia. The structure of the penial bulb of Stercutus is not known to me. The penial bulb is in some species of Mesenchytrceus rather reduced in size as well as variable in structure, but all the species agree in hav- ing the lower part of the sperm-duct invested by muscles, which in some instances are of most powerful nature, reminding us of the mus- 14 EISEN cular arrangement of the penial duct in certain species of Limnodrilus, where these muscles are spirally twisted around the duct. The ducts enter the penial bulb always from the top, never from the side or from the bottom, as, for instance, in Fridericia. Throughout their course in the bulb the ducts are separated by strong muscles from the muscles of the bulb, a character not found in the other subfamilies. The structure of the bulb will be described more in detail under the genus Mesenchytrceus. For a definition of the family we refer to the syn- optic table of the genera. Genus Mesenchytraeus Eisen. Definition. — Setae sigmoid, generally more numerous in the ventral fascicles. Head-pore generally near the apex of prostomium. No dorsal pores. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum, with cardiac gland. Blood colorless or red. Brain generally truncate posteriorly, generally broader than long. Nephridia with anteseptal, consisting of the nephrostome, and with a deeply and irregularly pluri-lobed post- septal, in which the ducts are wide and situated close together. No salivary glands. Septal glands present. An atrium generally present. Atrial and accessory penial glands present in many species. A single median ovisac. One pair of sperm-sacs generally of large size. Sperm-duct generally broad and short. Spermatophores present in several species. Penial bulb when present contains muscular strands which radiate from the base towards the periphery of the bulb. The above definition is slightly modified from the one given by Michaelsen and Beddard. The points in question refer to the color of the blood, to the presence of spermatophores in some species, and to the nature of the penial bulb. An atrium or enlargement of the sperm-duct is found in most species and may be said to be fairly char- acteristic of the genus ; its absence is certainly the exception. In the following we will consider in detail only such characters as are less known. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Brain. — The form of this organ is less characteristic of the genus than was supposed when the genus was established. The posterior margin, while generally truncate posteriorly, is in many species con- vex, while in a few it is even concave. But this convexity or con- cavity is never as large as in the other genera, and coupled with some other characteristics, is frequently a guide to the genus. These sup- plementary peculiarities of the Mesenchytraeid brain are that it is ENCHYTR^EID^E 15 generally deltoid, tapers posteriorly, and is broader than long. It is also frequently deeply emarginated in front. Whenever we find several of these characteristics together we may be reasonably sure that the species belongs to the genus Mesenchytrceus. Spermathecce. — These organs show a great variation in form and in the number of diverticles. The latter offer a most convenient character upon which to base a systematic arrangement of the species. In the following I have adopted the number of diverticles of the spermatheca as a most convenient characteristic for the different groups. There are also points in the structure of the spermatheca which are of great interest. In a large block of species, which also otherwise seem to be related, the terminal ampulla of the spermatheca is greatly enlarged and extends backward through a number of somites. As might be expected, nearly all such spermathecae are closed and do not connect with the intestine. The exception is found in M. vegce in which the spermatheca is connected with the intestine by a narrow duct, which, however, springs out laterally from the ampulla instead of from its inner apex. There is some little reason to suspect that this enlargement of the spermathecae in this genus may have been overlooked in some species, and that some spermatheca? which have been described as short and as immediately connecting with the intestine, in reality are greatly prolonged posteriorly. The part adjoining the diverticles is always narrow and closely approaches the intestine. This peculiarity causes it to tear readily and I am satisfied that some such torn sperma- theca? have been considered as entire. A similar enlargement of the spermatheca? is not known to exist in any of the other genera of this family. Spermiducal apparatus . — The spermiducal apparatus in Mesen- chytrceus is as a rule most characteristic. This refers especially to the sperm-duct and to the various glands connected with it. In nearly all species of this genus there exists an enlargement of the sperm-duct just before it enters the penial bulb. I have retained for this enlarge- ment the name ' atrium.' In this atrium there open in many species glands, in form, size, and structure resembling the atrial glands of Limnodrilus. In some species there are only a few glands, in others there are as many as fifteen or more. The atrial glands consist of fas- cicles of unicellular glands, each cell opening independently of the adjoining cells. The glands open in various places. As a rule they penetrate the atrial wall in a fascicle surrounded by circular muscles, though these latter may be absent. After having penetrated the atrial wall, the ducts of the glands may open into pockets between the epi- l6 EISEN thelial cells lining the atrium, or the ducts may enter directly between the cells of the atrium. In other species, again, these ducts run all the way down to the pore of the penis and open there between the epithelial cells, or they may continue to the very pore, opening onto the free surface around the pore, still remaining inside the sheath of the sperm-duct. In some instances the ducts of these glands spread out between the epithelium and the muscular layers of the atrium and form a thick layer of irregularly running threads. Some of these narrow ducts run upwards in the atrium, while others run downwards to the pore some little distance before they finally penetrate the epi- thelium of the atrium in order to empty their contents in the atrial lumen. Through this arrangement nearly the whole anterior surface of the atrial lumen is evenly lubricated by the secretions of the glands and clogging at any given point is most effectually prevented. The individual ducts of the glands are so minute that they may be readily mistaken for fibers. The lumen of the duct is not demonstrable by present microscopical means and the nature of the duct can only be judged by following some of the ducts until they empty their content in the atrial chamber. The great variety of arrangement of these glands is illustrated in the various figures. Accessory glands, — As ' accessory glands ' I have referred to glands which open around the penial bulb and which do not enter this bulb. In structure the accessory glands resemble the atrial glands, and like them are composed of fascicles of unicellular glands, the ducts of which never fuse. Accessory glands are comparatively rare. So far they are found in only a few species, such as M. pedatus, M* solifugus, M. fontinalis, and M. franciscanus. In the latter species there is only one accessory gland, but this one is of enormous size (pi. iv, %• 4)- Penial glands . — As ' penial glands * I refer to all glands which are confined to the penial bulb. They are of at least three distinct kinds, according as they open into the sperm-duct, into the penis, or simply around the penial pore. The majority of the penial glands open around the pore outside of the sperm-duct. Other smaller glands penetrate the sperm-duct from the exterior, while other glands are entirely confined to the interior of the sperm-duct. Of the latter we have examples in M. asiaticus, M. maculatus, M. grandis, and M* beringensis. Any of the above-mentioned glands may be present or absent. Very few species possess all the various kinds, and in but one species, so far as now known, are they all absent. The presence or absence of ENCHYTR^EID^E 17 the various kinds of glands constitutes most excellent species char- acteristics. Penial bulb. — As * penial bulb' I designate the large muscular cushion which in the vast majority of species, surrounds the lower part of the sperm-ducts. This penial bulb differs in structure from the corresponding organ in all the other genera of this family, so far as they are known to me. In Mesenchytrceus the penial bulb is made up of a large number of muscular strands, both longitudinal and transverse. Between these strands are situated the penial glands. In the penial bulbs of the other genera there exist no such muscular strands, the bulb consisting simply of a large number of unicellular glands situated close together and surrounded by a thin muscular covering, there being no muscles inside the bulb. This structure of the penial bulb is so characteristic that I have added it to the defini- tion of the genus. In no single instance is a penial bulb of the construction so common in Mesenchytrceus found in any other genus, and similarly in Mesenchytrceus no bulb of a structure sim- ilar to that of Lumbricillus and Fridericia, etc., has ever been observed. On the other hand, it is true that in some species of Mesen- chytrceus we meet with a greatly degenerated penial bulb. Thus, for instance, in M. fontinalis and in M. pedatus the penial bulb is so diminished that it may be said to be virtually absent, its place having been taken by a few penial glands surrounding the pore. In M. orcce and M. kincaidi the bulbs are small and not furnished with any glands, but their muscular structure is distinct. Spermatophores. — In my original definition of the genus Mesen- chytrceus (Eisen '79) I mentioned the presence of sperm-balls. Since that time no similar structures have been observed in any Enchytraeid species until now. As will be described more in detail, sperm atophores are actually present in several species and are especially prominent in M. franciscanus. The spermatophores are found free in the coelomic cavity after having been fully developed in the sperm-sacs. In the species described in this paper the spermatophores are never found in the sperm-funnels or in the spermathecse. This, however, does not exclude the possibility that in other species they may be found to occur in such organs. l8 EISEN SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF MESENCHYTR^EUS. In order to facilitate the examination of the various species of this genus, I have compiled the following table, based on a reexamination of the old descriptions of such species as were previously known. It need hardly be stated that in none of the older descriptions was the structure of the atrium and its tributary glands referred to in detail. This makes it necessary to base the arrangement of the species on some other characters, as, for instance, on the presence or absence of di- verticles of the spermatheca and upon their number. The largest number of species belongs to the group with two diverticles. This group may be further subdivided according to the nature and size of the spermathecae. Other subdivisions are based on the presence or absence of the glands accompanying the sperm-ducts. In the follow- ing table I have enumerated several species which are insufficiently described, but which are sufficiently well defined to be identified. This refers to all species which have been described from dissections only, the finer histology not having been studied. I. SPERMATHECA WITHOUT DIVERTICLES. 1. Sperm-ducts thick and short. Penial bulb long and tapering. Small pe- nial glands confined to the bulb. No atrial and no accessory glands. Sper- matheca twisted at the pore. Brain posteriorly strongly emarginated. I. M. unalaskce sp. nov. 2. Sperm-ducts short and narrow. Spermatheca straight and of even thick- ness. Head-pore between prostomium and somite I. Body transparent. Brain posteriorly slightly convex. Sperm-sac confined to XII. 2. M. fenestratus (Eisen, '79). 3. Sperm-ducts short and narrow. Penial bulb short and ellipsoidal. Sper- matheca straight and of even thickness. Brain posteriorly slightly emar- ginated. Narrow part of sperm-funnel helix-like. 3. M. falciformis Eisen, '79. 4. Sperm-ducts short and broad, three or four times as long as the funnel. Spermatheca with an apical ampulla at the junction with the intestine. Brain slightly emarginated posteriorly 4. M. flavidus Michaelsen, '87. 5. Spermathecal pore not conspicuous. Spermathecae club-shaped. Body dark, pigmented, but not quite black. Brain posteriorly concave. Ice •worm from Malaspina Glacier 5. M. niveus Moore, '89. 6. Setae, dorsal : 3 to 5 ; ventral : 6 to 9. Head-pore at apex. Brain square, posteriorly emarginated. Sperm-funnel about square, small. Sperm- duct short. Spermatheca sac-like, folded, without diverticle ; connected with intestine ; duct half as long as the ampulla. 6. M. montanus Bretscher, '99. 7. Sperm-duct short and thin. Spermatheca large, sac-like, not connected with intestine. Brain posteriorly deeply emarginated. Setae 3 to 6. Lympho- cytes pointed oval, dark with large granules 7. M. tigrina Bretscher. II. SPERMATHECA WITH ONE DIVERTICLE. I. Spermatheca with a pear-shaped diverticle at the center. No enlarged lateral setae. Sperm-sacs confined to XII. Head-pore at the apex of prostomium. Setae : laterals 3, ventrals 5. Funnel short, and sperm- ducts short and hardly convoluted 8. M. flavus Lev., '84. ENCHYTR^EID^E 19 2. Spermatheca with an olive-shaped diverticle near the intestinal end. En- larged lateral setae in V to VII. Head-pore close to anterior margin of prostomium. Brain slightly emarginated posteriorly. Sperm-sac short, confined to XII. Clitellum £ XI to J XIV. Glands around the penial bulb 9. M. setosus Michaelsen, '88. 3. Dorsal setae in IV to VI twice as long as the others (i or 2 in each somite). Spermatheca? 10. M. armatus Lev, '84. 4. Spermatheca with a small pear-shaped diverticle at the center. No enlarged setae. Sperm-sacs large, extending back many somites. Head-pore half way between somite I and apex of prostomium. Lateral setae 2, ven- trals mostly 4. Sperm-ducts long. Funnels long. n. M. asiaticus sp. nov. 5. Sperm-ducts short and thick, about five times longer than funnel. Setae, ventral : 5 to 12, dorsal : 2 to 3, those in V, VI, VII, in dorsal fascicles larger. Spermatheca with one (?) diverticle. Brain posteriorly emargi- nated 12. M. megachcetus Bretscher. III. SPERMATHECA WITH TWO DIVERTICLES. A. Spermathecae unusually enlarged, extending through several somites pos- terior to V. 1. Spermathecae not connected with the intestine. Penial glands, about 12 long atrial glands ; no accessory glands. Brain square or broader than long 13. M. harrimani sp. nov. 2. Spermathecae not connected with the intestine. About five atrial glands ; penial glands ; no accessory glands. Brain rounded. 14. M, setchelli sp. nov. 3. Spermathecae not connected with the intestine. About ten atrial glands; penial glands ; one large accessory gland. Brain almost square. 15. M. franciscanus sp. nov. 4. Spermathecae not connected with the intestine. About fourteen atrial glands opening into the atrium in different planes ; penial glands ; no accessory glands. Brain broader than long, slightly emarginated pos- teriorly 16. M. obscurus sp. nov. 5. Spermathecae connected with the intestine. About twelve atrial glands; penial glands ; no accessory glands. Brain broader than long, pos- teriorly emarginated 17. M. vegce sp. nov. 6. Spermathecae not connected with the intestine. Several atrial glands ; no penial glands and no accessory glands. Brain longer than broad with a slight emargination 18. M. orcce sp. nov. 7. Spermathecae not connected with the intestine. At least 12 atrial glands opening in pockets between the epithelial cells ; many penial glands ; no accessory glands. Brain deltoid, with slight posterior emargination. 19. M. maculatus sp. nov. B. Spermathecae not enlarged and not extending posteriorly beyond somite V. a. No atrial, penial, and accessory glands connected -with lower end of sperm-ducts. Brain posteriorly convex. Diverticles as long as the ampulla of the sper- matheca, and much longer than the duct leading to the pore. 2O. M. kincaidie,^. nov. b. Atrial and penial glands present in connection -with the sperm-ducts but no accessory glands at the male-pores. 1. Spermatheca short and thick ; diverticles have the form of shallow out- bulgings of the spermathecal wall. Four atrial glands. 21. M. penicillus sp. nov. 2. Diverticles longer than the ampulla of Spermatheca. Brain poste- riorly slightly emarginated. About 8 long atrial glands. Lympho- cytes round. Length about 17.9 mm 22. M. grandis sp. nov 2O EISEN 3. Diverticles shorter than the ampulla of spermatheca. Brain broad, posteriorly emarginated. About 6 globular atrial glands. Lympho- cytes ellipsoidal, fringed. Length about 15 mm. 23. M.fuscus sp. nov. 4. Diverticles about equal in length to the stalk as well as to the am- pulla of spermatheca. Brain square, truncate posteriorly. Two atrial glands. Lymphocytes ellipsoidal, without fringes. 24. M. east-woodi sp. nov. 5. Diverticles simple, slightly shorter than the ampulla of spermatheca. Sperm-duct about equal in length to the funnel. Brain broad, slightly emarginated posteriorly 25. M. primcevus Eisen, '79. 6. Diverticles broader than the ampulla but about as long ; shorter than the stalk. Brain posteriorly narrower than anteriorly, slightly emarginated. Head-pore anterior to the center of prostomium. Sperm-duct about 8 times as long as funnel. Lymphocytes ellip- soidal, almost circular 26. M. oeumerz'Michaelsen, '86. 7. Diverticles form merely a central chamber between the duct and the am- pulla, in which the paired nature of the diverticles is barely percep- tible. No specialized sperm-duct, the narrow part of the funnel serv- ing for duct and opening directly into the pore. Brain posteriorly deeply emarginated 27. M. nanus sp. nov. c. No atrial glands but accessory glands present in connection -with lower apex of the penial bulb; penial glands in penial bulb. Brain posteriorly slightly emarginated. Two small club-shaped diver- ticles at the center of the spermatheca 28. M. fontinalis sp. nov. d. No atrial and no penial glands, but many accessory glands at the lower apex of sperm-ducts, Brain truncate. Large penial projection of the body-wall. 29. M. pedatus sp. nov. *. No atrial glands. No accessory glands at the male-pore, but many large penial glands inside the bulb. Brain slightly rounded, tapering posteriorly. Spermathecae with enlarged pouch opening into the intestine 30. M. beriiigensis sp. nov. IV. SPERMATHECA WITH THREE DIVERTICLES. Brain truncate posteriorly. Atrial glands 6 or more. Numerous accessory glands opening exterior to penial bulb. Penial glands in the bulb trefoil- like 31. M. solifugus (Emery, '98). V. SPERMATHECA WITH 4 OR 5 GLOBULAR DIVERTICLES AT THE BASE OF THE AMPULLA. Spermatheca turret-like. Sperm-ducts very short and broad. Body intensely blackish brown .- 32. M. mirabilus Eisen, '79. MESENCHYTIL^US UNALASK/E sp. nov. pi. i, fig. 7; and text-fig, i. Definition. — Length 5 mm., width .4 mm. Somites about 40. Anterior four somites thicker than those following. Somites I to III rugose and warty. Setae : lateral, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2 (XII), 2, 3, 4» 3> 4» 4» 3> etc-> 3> 2 5 ventral, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, etc., o (XII), 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, etc. Setae in ventral fascicles diminish in size toward ventral interval ; setae in lateral fascicles of about equal size. Prostomium prominent but not pointed. Clitellum unknown. Sexual papillae not projecting. Septal glands large, in IV to VI. Brain posteriorly deeply emarginated. Dorsal vessel rises about XVIII. Intestine ENCHYTR/EID^E 21 posterior to clitellum, with chloragogen glands. Spermathecse without diverticles, opening into the intestine. Sperm-ducts three or four times as long as the funnels, which are sigmoid. No atrial and no accessory glands. One set of penial glands confined to penial bulb. A pair of long sperm sacs and an ovisac. Neph- ridia large, plurilobed. Lymphocytes of medium size, eosinophile ellipso- idal. Color of formalin specimen white. Locality. — Unalaska, Aug. 10, 1899. Collected by Prof. W. A. Setchell. Found under moss. Characteristics . — One of the smallest species investigated. Specimens found in August not fully developed, clitellum want- ing. No atrial glands could be seen, and no ac- cessory glands. Lymph- ocytes extremely charac- teristic, being strongly eosinophilous, with red granules surrounded by a pellucid, uncolored zone. Cells in the tissue too small to allow of a more detailed description. FIG. i. Mesenchytrcevs unalaskce. MESENCHYTR^EUS ASIATICUS sp. nov. pi. xi, fig. 4; and text-figs. 2 and 3. Definition. — Length about 14 mm., width i mm. or .9 mm. (contracted specimens). Somites 54. Setae: laterals, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2» 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, etc. ; ventrals, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, o, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, etc. Prostomium not much pointed, with head-pore half way between apex and somite I. Clitellum prominent, IX to XIII. Sexual papillae quite prominent. Brain posteriorly more or less deeply emarginated. Dorsal vessel rises behind clitellum. Sper- 22 EISEN mathecae with long narrow duct and a long narrow ampulla, at the junc- tion of the two a diverticle, variable in size, but always very minute. Sperm-ducts about eight times as long as the cylindrical and slightly curved funnel ; atrium with five medium-size atrial glands opening in one plane near the upper end of the atrium. No accessory glands, but numerous penial glands inside the penial bulb. Two long sperm -sacs ex- tending far back- ward. One ovisac. Nephridia with un- usually large neph- rostome. Lympho- cytes small, ellip- soidal, pointed. Color pale yellow (alcoholic speci- mens) . Distribution, — Chuckches' Land, to west of Bering Strait, Asia. Col- lected during the Vega Expedition under Baron A. E. Nordenskiold, by Dr. Anton Stux- berg, at 'Jinretlen/ June 15, 1879. Characteristics . — The shape of the spermathecae, with their single diverticle and the posterior emargina- tion of the brain, are the leading characteristics of this well-defined species. The large nephrostome distinguishes the species from M. JIavus Lev, which is said by Michaelsen to possess a small narrow anteseptal. The sperm-duct is much longer than in M. JIavus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Setae . — All of equal length; at least no large specialized setae; average number in ventral fascicles 4. FIG. 2. Mesenchytrtzus asiaticus. ENCHYTR^EID^E 23 Clitellum. — In fully adult specimens the clitellum is white and stands out prominently. This is also the case with the sexual papillae, which project about one fourth the diameter of the body. Brain (figs. 26 and 2c) . — This organ varies considerably, but in the majority of specimens dissected the form was about square, more or less deeply emarginated posteriorly and very deeply emarginated FIG. 3. Mesenchytrceus asiaticus. anteriorly. This species is thus one of the very few in this genus possessing a brain posteriorly emarginated. One of the specimens possessed a much more elongated brain than the others, but the emar- gination was even more deep. Spermathecce (figs. 30 and 3*:). — These organs do not connect with the intestine. They extend into somite VI and are thus slightly enlarged. Diverticle varies in size. In the majority of specimens the size is as figured, but in one specimen the diverticle constituted a mere warty swelling. The width of the ampulla varies considerably, the two extremes found in the dissected specimens having been figured. Spermiducal apparatus (pi. xi, fig. 4). — Funnels rather long and slightly curved. Sperm-ducts probably six to seven times (or more) as long as funnels. They are twined and extend back several somites. In this respect they differ from those of M. jlavus, which species has short sperm-ducts. The number of atrial glands seems to be always five. Penial bulb is broad, and contains a number of penial glands situated close together. At the base of the sperm- ducts and in the ducts are a number of narrow unicellular glands open- ing inside the sheath. EISEN Nephridia (fig. 3, <5). — A larger and especially a broader nephro- stome than any other species examined by me. Nephridia of the somites anterior to clitellum much larger than those in the posterior somites. But the ducts leading to the pores of these anterior nephridia are much shorter than the ducts of the posterior nephridia. In the latter the duct is twice or three times as long as in the anterior ones. MESENCHYTR^EUS HARRIMANI sp. nov. pi. i, figs. 1-6; pi. ii, figs. 1-7; and text-figs. 4-6. Definition. — Length 60 mm. or more; width 2.5 mm. or over. Somites about 100, deeply set. The few anterior somites strongly pigmented on dorsal side; the somites following less and less pig- mented, the posterior ones not at all. Setae strongly curved; laterals, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3> 3> 3» 3> 3^ 2 (XI)> o (xn), 3> 4> 3> 3>4>3>35 ventrals, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5 (XI), o (XII), 6, 1, 6, 6, 7, 7, 6, etc. Cli- tellum XI, XII, and | XIII. Sexual papillae not project- ing. Septal glands in IV to VI. Brain square, an- teriorly strongly emargi- nated, posteriorly almost straight and slightly emar- ginated. Spermathecae un- usually elongated, with two strong diverticles near the base ; the apical ampulla several times longer than the basal part, extending to somite X or XI. Sperm- duct about three times as long as the atrium and bulb, and about three times FIG. 4. Mesenchytrceus karrimani. as l°ng as tne funnel. Funnel long, narrow, and cylindrical, extending forward through three somites ; about six times as wide as the sperm-duct. Bulb large, globular. Atrium medium size, with about sixteen large gland-fascicles opening at the entrance of the atrium into the bulb. One set of penial glands inside the bulb. Sperm-sacs extending back some thirty somites. Nephridia with two principal lobes and with a small urinary bladder at the pore. From this bladder down- ward the duct is repeatedly twisted, and at least once branched. Color yellowish, with brownish flush on the dorsal side owing to pigment. Locality. — This, the most gigantic of all the Enchytraeids, so far as now known, seems to have an extensive distribution in Alaska, and may possibly reach even as far south as California. Years ago I found a gigantic Mesenchytrceus at Horse Corral Meadow in the Sierra Nevada of Fresno County, Cali- fornia. The specimen was unfortunately lost before I could describe it, but the sim- ilarity to M. harri- mani is so great that it is not impos- sible that the two are identical. The elevation of Horse Corral Meadow is maybe about 7,000 feet, so that the al- titude would make up for the latitude. Of course it is impos- sible to know whether or not the specimen was identical with M. harrimani, but the outward appearance, so far as I can remem- ber, certainly was the same. The Alaska specimens were collected by members of the Harriman Expedition, principally as fol- lows : By Prof .W. E. Ritter, Kadiak, Alaska, August, 1899; by Prof. Trevor Kincaid, Orca, Alaska, June, 1899; Metlakatla, June 4 ; Sitka, June ; Lowe Inlet, British Columbia, June ; Yakutat, Alaska. I possess also several adult specimens collected by Prof. W. A. FIG. 5. Mesenchytrceus Jtarrimani. FIG. 6. Mesenchytrceus harrimani. 26 EISEN Setchell, August 10, 1899, on the island of Unalaska. From notes made by the collectors it appears that the specimens occur both under stones and in sphagnum moss. The specimens from Metlakatla and Lowe Inlet are not quite adult, so there will always remain some slight doubt regarding their identity. Outwardly they resemble the type specimens from the other localities. Characteristics. — With one exception, the largest Enchytrceus which has come under my notice resembles in size a veritable Allo- lobophora, but possesses the general color of an Enchytraeid. Form and size of spermathecae and sperm-funnels the most characteristic features. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Brain (fig. 4^) . — Retractor muscles in three pairs ; the two pos- terior ones cover the whole posterior margin of the brain. Nepkridia (fig. 40). — Nephridia large, the ducts are not very dis- tinct in the specimens, probably the effect of the formalin preservative. In the posterior lobe the duct seems to form a wide sinus (fig. 40, s). At the base of the duct and close to the pore there is a widening of the duct, forming a kind of urinary bladder, from which the duct is branched and repeatedly coiled. No similar structure has come under my observation in any other species. The form of the nephrostome is illustrated by pi. n, figs. 2 and 3, and requires no further description. The nuclei of the nephridia in all my formalin material are so com- pletely unstainable that they cannot be satisfactorily located. Atrium (pi. n, fig. 4). — The structure of the atrium offers several points of interest. The cells lining the lower part of the sperm-duct are unusually narrow (pi. n, figs, i, 5 and 6). Between them may be seen the very thin ducts of the unicellular atrial glands (pi. n, fig. 6) . These tips penetrate the lumen and hang down into it like cilia. This protrusion of the glandular ducts is more evident on the surface outside of, but close to, the spermiducal pore. Here the epithelial cells are larger and, as they are not ciliated, the protruding ducts are more readily observed. It is probable that a similar arrangement is found in many species with atrial glands, and that only the smallness of the specimens has prevented a correct observation. The tips of the cells are readily mistaken for cilia or loose spermatozoa. In many instances the epithelial cells lie so close together that the tips of the ducts cannot be seen, except with the highest magnifications. In dif- ferent parts of the lower portion of the sperm-ducts the epithelial cells are of a somewhat different structure. Thus at a point marked ' xx ' ENCHYTR^IDjE the cells are longer and closer together (pi. n, fig. i). The unicellular glands open partly inside the atrium, all along the surface marked * xx ' and ' xxx.' Partly also on the free, exterior surface marked ' x' in pi. n, fig. 5. The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in question is striated, making it still more difficult to distinguish the free cell-tips, especially in indifferently fixed material. Spermathecce (figs. 40? and 5) . — Spermathecae unusually elongated, extending as far back as somites X or XI. In each somite there is a bulging out of the ampulla, each such sac-like part being separated from the one in the adjoining somite by the constriction caused by the septum. The last two swellings of the ampulla are larger than the others, as wide as the funnels of the sperm-ducts. No connection with the intestine. The spermathecae resemble greatly those of M.francis- canus, except as regards the diverticles, which in M. harrimani are heavier and not as long. MESENCHYTR^US SETCHELLI sp. nov. pi. I, fig. ii ; pi. iv, figs. 1-3; and text-figs. 7-9. Definition. — Length 12 mm, width .8 mm. Somites, 70. Prostomium pointed. Seta? : laterals, 4» 4> 4> 3i 4> 5» 3> 5» 4> 4, o (XII), 2 (XIII), 4, 4> 3> 3> 4> 4, 4> 4> etc., 3, 2, 3, 2 ; ventrals, 4, 5, 6, 7> 7, 7» 6> 5, 5i 5, o (XII), 5 (XIII), 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4. Setae facing the lateral interval smaller; increase gradually in size toward the ventral and dorsal in- tervals. Clitellum | XI to XIII, with deep inter- FIG. 7. Mesenchytrceus setchelli. segmental grooves. Sexual papillae small. Septal glands large, in IV to VI. Brain anteriorly deeply concave, posteriorly convex; 28 EISEN very thick and swollen. Dorsal vessel rises in XVIII. Intestine very gradually increases in size. Spermathecae strongly bent, at the lower one-fourth furnished with two ovoid diverticles with thick epithelium. The ampulla very long and the apex swollen and 9 ^^. x/^7T0M'iVV\> 3 FIGS. 8 AND 9. Mesenchytrceus setchelli. globular ; not connected with the intestine. Sperm-ducts about eight times as long as the funnels, which latter are contracted at the middle. Atrium with five atrial glands. Penial bulb with one set of glands, confined to the interior of the bulb. Two long sperm -sacs extending at least as far as XVIII. One ovisac. Nephridia with three large lobes ; the anteseptal narrow and tubular. Lymphocytes ellipsoidal and pointed. Color white. Locality. — Unalaska Island, August 10, 1899, Prof. W. A. Set- chell. Eight specimens. Characteristics. — The most prominent character is the unusually long spermathecae which extend through several somites, ending in VII or VIII ; and which do not connect with the intestine. The ampulla contains numerous spermatozoa and is so large that it fills the whole available space in the somite. DETAILED DESCRIPTION (figs. 7> ^ an<^ 8). Spermathecce. — To the above description of these organs only a few points need be added. The part connecting the diverticles and the ampulla bulges out in places and shows several smaller pouches, in which also balls of spermatozoa were found. The presence of these smaller pouches is however not constant, as they were not found in two of the spermathecae. The wall of the spermatheca is thick in the ENCHYTR^EID^E 29 lower part, that is, from the ampulla to the pore, but the ampulla itself is very thin-walled. In two specimens the ampullae rest in VIII, in another specimen they are situated in VII. Atrial glands (pi. iv, fig. 3). — There are five atrial glands open- ing into the atrium. All possess long ducts, which in some of them run far down into the penial part of the atrium, while others open more directly. There are no circular muscles outside of the main muscular bulb, but inside the bulb such muscles are seen to surround e'ach group of ducts. Penial bulb (pi. iv, fig. i). — The bulb contains two kinds of glands distinguished by stronger or weaker staining reaction. In the figure the more strongly stained glands are dotted. There are no accessory glands. The inner glands are all narrow, only one or two cells wide. MESENCHYTRyEUS FRANCISCANUS sp. nov. pi. iv, figs. 4, 5#, 5c, 5V moid, tapering to the apex. Sperm-ducts narrow and comparatively long. Atrium and penis, which are wide, connected by a narrow part. About 12 to 14 atrial glands opening in the atrium in the same horizontal plane. Penial bulb with one kind of gland, FIG. 15. Mesenckytraus about four or five in the same plane. No veS(K- accessory glands. A thin but dense layer of pigment in the peritoneal membrane. No other pigment. Color of the single specimen dark yellow. Locality. — Port Clarence, Alaska. Collected by Dr. Anton Stux- berg, July 27, 1878, Vega Expedition. Owing to the fact that the collection contains only a single specimen of this species, the descrip- tion is necessarily meager. The characteristics, however, are so prominent that the species cannot be confounded with any others so far known. Spermathecce (pi. in, fig. 2). — The most characteristic feature con- cerns the spermathecae. As the accompanying figure fully illustrates the structure of these organs no further description is necessary. Their structure places this species in the same group as M. harrimani and M. setchelh, in which species the spermathecse are unusually large, connecting with the intestine in a somite posterior to V. These species are all characterized by the inflated distal part of the sperma- thecal ampulla. Spermiducal apparatus (pi. in, fig. i). — Penial structure and atrium characterized by the narrow part connecting them; narrow ENCHYTR^EID^E 39 part about one-half the diameter of the atrium. Atrial glands sur- rounded by circular muscles at their entrance into the atrium ; all in the same, or in almost the same plane, so that a single horizontal sec- tion will cut them all at the same relative point. The narrow ducts of the atrial glands do not seem to enter the lumen of the atrium and penis, but continue down to the penial pore. Glands in the penial bulb large, and rarely more than four visible in the same section. MESENCHYTR/EUS ORC^E sp. nov. pi. xi, figs, i and 2; text-fig. 16. Definition. — Length 6 mm., width .5 mm. Somites 33. Pros- tomium large, round. Head-pore near apex. Intersegmental grooves deep on ventral side. Clitellum £ XI-XIII ; clitellar cells unusually large. Body entirely transparent. Setae : laterals, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4> 4> 4> 3» 3> 3> 3> 4» 4> 3> 4> 4> 3> 3» 3 J ventrals, 5, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5> 5> 5» °» 4> 4» 4> 4> 5> 4? 4» 4> 4» 5> 3> 4» 5> 4- Sexual papillae small. Septal glands in IV to VI. Brain longer than broad, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly deeply cleft. Dorsal vessel rises in XV. Intestine with a few chloragogen cells. Spermathecae unusually enlarged, consisting of an exceedingly long and slender duct with two minute globular FlG. l6. Mesenchytraus ore*. diverticles at the center, and a long and thick terminal ampulla extending as far back as X ; no con- nection with the intestine. Funnels not above average size. Sperm- ducts about twice as long as the funnels. Penial bulb narrow, with- out any penial glands. A set of several large glands pierce the penial bulb and enter the lower part of the sperm -duct just above the pore. No accessory glands. Nephridia with several deep lobes. Lympho- cytes disc-like, not large. Color white, no pigment. Locality. — Orca, Alaska, June 25, 1899. Collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid. Two specimens found under rocks on the seashore, above high tide. Also a few specimens from Yakutat, Alaska. Characteristics. — Not only is the shape of the spermatheca? char- acteristic of the species, but the large atrial glands, which enter the sperm-ducts at the pore inside the penial bulb, distinguish this species from all others in the group with enlarged spermathecse. 40 EISEN DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Body-watt. — The body-wall thin and entirely transparent, without any pigment in any of the layers. The goblet cells in the clitellum large and square and very prominent, giving the clitellum, when viewed exteriorly, a strongly mottled or marbled appearance. Testes. — Consist of a number of narrow lobes, as in M. mirabilis. Sperm -sacs extend as far back as XIV and ovisacs as far as XVII. Spermathecce (pi. xi, fig. i). — Some variation in the size of the various parts. The duct with its small globular diverticles was in one specimen equal in length to the ampulla. In the other specimen the ampulla is much longer and more strongly nipped by the septa. In one specimen the ampulla extended as far back as VIII, but in the other they reached IX. Spermiducal apparatus (pi. xi, fig. 2) . — The penial bulb hardly encloses any more of the sperm-duct than the pore, at any rate it does not ascend along the duct as in most species. Immediately adjoining the bulb, or in the upper part of the bulb, the atrium is joined by a set of five or more atrial glands. Penial bulb with no glands of any kind ; large glands outside of the bulb extend in all directions around the bulb a distance equalling the diameter of the bulb. Atrium itself only a little wider than the sperm-duct. The length of the sperm-duct could not be ascertained, as there was no specimen to dissect, but judg- ing from sections in which it is seen that the ducts do not extend farther back than XIII, it can be concluded that the ducts are not over twice as long as the funnels. MESENCHYTR^SUS KINCAIDI sp. nov. pi. i, figs. 16 and 17; pi. vn, fig. 7; text-fig. 17. Definition. — Length 21 mm., width .85 mm. Somites 67. Setae sigmoid: ventrals, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 6, 7, (XIII) 3, 6; laterals, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4 (XII), 13, 4, (2, 2). Prostomium small, somewhat pointed, somite I short. Clitellum XI, XII, XIII, prominent. Copulatory papilla exteriorly not prominent. Septal glands in IV to VI deeply lobed and consisting of several folds. Brain anteriorly very deeply emarginated, posteriorly convex, broader than long. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to somite XV. Intestine covered with a layer of short thin chloragogen cells. Spermathecae stout, with two diverticles almost as long as the whole spermatheca. Sperm-ducts extend as far back as XVII, thin, but at least seven times as long as the funnels. No atrial glands, no accessory and no penial glands of any kind. The ENCHYTR^EIDJE ^1 penial bulb consists exclusively of muscular tissue, and contains no glands. Sperm-funnels are thin and long, and doubled on themselves. Both testes and ovaries are lobed. The testes are connected with each other ventrally. Sperm-sacs are thin, entirely confined to the ventral side of the coelom. Lymphocytes are small, elongated ovoid, numer- ous. Nephridia possess one lobe considerably larger than the other. Color gray. Whole body pigmented. Locality. — Ice-House Lake, St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, Alaska. Collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid, for whom I have the pleasure of naming the species. Characteristics. — The most prominent character of this species is the complete absence of glands connected with the efferent apparatus. Even inside the penial bulb there is nothing but connective tissue and muscular strands surrounding the lower part of the sperm-duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Septal glands. — In transverse sections of the body it is seen that the septal glands are much lobed and consist of two or three folds of unequal sizes. Each lobe is made up of a row of glandular cells along each margin. Dorsal vessel. — So far as I can judge from a series of cross-sec- tions, the dorsal vessel appears to rise in XV. It is thinly covered with very short chloragogen glands. A single row of similar short glands covers also the intestine. The epithelial cells of the intestine of about the same length as the chloragogen cells. A continuous blood-sinus in the intestine, at least in the clitellar somites. Spermathecce (fig. 17, a). — The junction of the spermathecae and the intestine on the dorsal median line of the intestine. Muscular duct of the spermatheca short. The club-shaped diverticles are of the same length as the ampulla. Sperm-ducts (pi. vn, fig. 7). — As in many Mesenchytrseids, the sperm-ducts extend posteriorly through several somites, in this species as far back as XV. This would make the sperm-ducts about seven times as long as the funnel. They end at the place where the sperm- sacs suddenly widen out. Sperm-duct widens slightly as it enters the penial bulb ; no atrium, as in some species, nor can I detect any glands connected with the penial chamber. The penial bulb consists of a thickening of the longitudinal muscular layer of the body and contains principally connective tissue interwoven with muscle fibers. When retracted it projects to or slightly' beyond the center of the crelomic cavity. 42 EISEN The sperm-sacs are at first very narrow — about as thick as the dorsal vessel. They widen out in XIV, but even posteriorly do not become wider than the intestine, or even as wide, and remain con- fined to the ventral part of the coelom. They originate from the tips of the testes. Body-wall. — Integument thick, especially the longitudinal muscular layer. The pigment not continuously distributed, but found in small patches, which latter are evenly distributed throughout the whole length of the body. Nephridia (fig. 17^). — Not only is the outside form of the ne- phridia characterized by a long anterior lobe, but the canals differ also from those of Mesenchytraeids generally. Instead of being of even FIG. 17. Mesenchytrceus kincaidi. thickness throughout and closely wound, the canals are most irregular, and furnished with a lumen which in places is very wide, and in other places very narrow. In places even the lumen widens out to form regular chambers. There is also a great deal of cellular matrix not belonging to the ducts, and this matrix contains larger and smaller vacuoles which probably stand in connection with the ducts. Near the posterior lobe, where the returning duct connects with the narrow duct leading to the pore, the return duct widens out more than any- where else and its lumen forms a succession of chambers. These chambers and widenings of the lumen are not exactly similar in the various nephridia, but are subject to such variations that no two nephridia are entirely alike. MESENCHYTRCEUS PENICILLUS sp. nov. pi. ix, figs, i and 2 ; text-figs. 18 and 19. Definition. — Length 15 mm., width i mm. Somites 85. Pros- tomium .nail and pointed. Setae : laterals, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, (XII) ENCHYTR^EID^E 43 3, (XIII) 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, (5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2) ; ventrals, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, o, (XIII) 4, 7, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. Head-pore far for- ward. Clitellum XII-XIII. Copulative papilla insignificant. Septal glands in IV to VI. Brain broader than long, posteriorly truncate. Spermatheca short and broad, lopsided, with two short diverticles at the center. Sperm-ducts short, as long as the funnels. Funnels long and narrow. Penial atrium long and rather narrow. Three or four long atrial glands enter this atrium outside of the penial bulb. Some five or six penial glands inside of the bulb opening near the penial orifice. Ovaries and testes in XII and XI. Two large and very long sperm-sacs connecting with the funnels extend backward some fifteen or more somites. Nephridia rounded, with shallow lobes. Nuclei slightly oval. Lymphocytes unknown. Color of alcoholic specimens pale yellowish. Locality. — Port Clarence, Alaska. A single specimen, collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid, August, 1897. Characteristics. — This species is readily distinguished by the short spermathecae, which are peculiarly lopsided, one diverticle being thicker than the other. The short sperm-ducts are also characteristic. Owing to want of specimens the detailed description given below is naturally meager. Part of the single specimen was dissected, part sectioned transversely. As will be seen, the species be- longs to the group of Mes- enchytraeids with atrial glands. These glands are larger than in M. fuscus. They are also less numerous than in that species, its nearest relative. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Spermathecce (fig. 18, a and b). — Both sperma- thecae showed a peculiar lopsidedness. Sperm-ducts (pi. ix, fig. 2). — These are less than one-eighth as long as the funnel. The penial bulb extends nearly to the end of the atrial en- largement in the dissected specimen. In the sectioned half it appears to extend to the middle of the atrium. FIG. 1 8. Mesenchytrceus penicillus. 44 EISEN The atrial glands push through the bulb, but their larger part lies free in the coelom. There are five or six penial glands inside the bulb, opening around the penial pore. The funnels are (in the single specimen) en- gaged in the sperm -sacs. They are turned backward and lie in somites XII and XIII , instead of in IX, as is usually the case. The atrial glands seem to open mainly ,, ,, , , . .„ on the concave side of the FIG. 19. Mesenchytraus femctllus. atrium, pi. ix, figs, i and 2, are somewhat diagrammatic, but represent correctly, in a general way, the spermiducal apparatus. Nephridia (fig. 19). — The outlines are rounded and the lobes quite shallow. The nuclei are nearly round and of different sizes. The lymphocytes are not known. MESENCHYTR^US GRANDIS sp. nov. pi. i, figs. 8-10; pi. vn, figs. 1-6; text-fig. 20. Definition. — Length 170 mm., width behind clitellum 1.75 mm., clitellum 2.25 mm. Body strongly tapering, especially toward the tail. Somites 105. Setae : ventrals, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, o, XIII, i, 5> 6» 6> 5> 5 5 laterals, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, o, XIII, i, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5. Clitellum very prominent. Prostomium rounded, with a large head-pore far forward. Sexual papillae distinct, but not large ; ovi- pores prominent. Septal glands in IV to VI. Brain posteriorly slightly emarginated, a little longer than broad. Spermathecae thick, with two long club-shaped diverticles, as long as the duct, ampullar part short. Intestine and dorsal vessel covered with short but dense chloragogen cells. The dorsal vessel rises posterior to XX. Sperm- ducts about three times as long as the funnels, which latter are un- usually long, extending through some six somites backward. The lower part of the sperm-duct with a long and narrow atrium and a large penial bulb. In the atrium open some seven or eight long glands. Some twenty or more penial glands open around the base in the penial bulb. Ovaries and testes absent in the single specimen. Ovisac be- gins in XVII. Nephridia thick ; broad anteseptal ; postseptal with three folds ; posterior duct thin, nuclei very small, ovoid. Lympho- ENCHYTR^EID^E 45 cytes of medium size, globular, with some six or more large and densely staining granules. Color pale citron yellow. Locality. — In plants brought from Alaska (probably Sitka or Juneau). Presented by Mr. Alexander Craw. A single specimen which was carefully narcotized and fixed in sublimate. Note. — The specimen having been received late in the year (Sept., 1897), the testes and ovaries had degenerated, as careful search failed to reveal any trace of them whatever. The sperm -sacs, on the con- trary, are in a fully developed stage, and full of spermatozoa. The spermathecae and the sperm-ducts are also in a highly developed con- dition, and show no sign of degeneration. Characteristics. — Characterized by its spermatheca?, the diverticles of which are as long or longer than the duct, while the ampullar part is short. The sperm-ducts widen out to an atrium, the glands of which are comparatively long. The long ducts of the glandular cells are carried far down the sperm-ducts, opening into the duct all along its course down to the very pore. This species resembles greatly M. harrimani, and may be said to be M. harrimani with short sperma- thecal ampulla. FIG. 20. Mesenchytrceus grandis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Brain (fig. 20, c) . — The posterior margin of the brain is so indis- tinct that it is impossible to say whether it is strongly concave or only slightly so. I have therefore dotted the line indicating the margin. This indistinctness is not due to any tearing in dissecting, but from the 46 BISEN fact that the brain-cells are carried out on the powerful retractor mus- cles connecting the brain with the body-wall. Spermathecce are strong and rather contracted. They are of large size, even for a worm of the unusual size of our present species. Sperm-ducts. — The funnels long and thin, and in the specimen turned backward. The ducts extend backward some six or seven somites, but on account of the length of the funnels are not over three times as long as the former. The most interesting part of the organ is, of course, the atrial part with its glands. There is a long and narrow atrium outside the bulb and a wider penial chamber within. The openings of the atrial glands are close to the penial bulb and close to each other. As has already been stated, the ducts of the indi- vidual cells, after entering the atrium, penetrate its inner layer all along down to the penial pore. The shape of the glands is also some- what characteristic, being long and even and much less pear-shaped than those of the other species which have so far come under my ob- servation. Sperm-sacs. — The two usual sperm-sacs are present. They begin as far forward as somite VII, where they appear to spring from the septum VI/VII. They gradually increase in size posteriorly, except in the somites of the clitellum, where they are thin, even and tubular. The walls of the sperm-sacs are thick, a cross-section resembling a cross-section of a spefmatheca. Lymphocytes (pi. vn, figs. 3-6). — There are in reality two kinds of lymphocytes, one with cyanophil and one with eosinophil granula- tion. The cells may also be void of any granules, in which case one kind cannot be distinguished from the other. The cells are globular, rounded and mulberry-shaped, as regards outline. The cytoplasm is coarsely reticulate, the nucleus small. In cells with cyanophil granules, the latter are of even size and uniform shape, rather squarish and with blunt ends. There are from six to ten or more of these granules in each cell. The granules are quite separate one from the other. In the other kind of cell the granules are of all sizes, some very minute, others several times larger than the cyanophil granules. Of these eosinophil granules there are many more in each cell, sometimes as many as twenty or thirty. They are frequently thrown out in the coelom, and are here found in all sizes, entirely free from the lympho- cytes themselves. The eosinophils are by far the smallest of these two kinds of lymphocytes ; the difference in size is however not great. As will be seen, even the lymphocytes resemble those of M. harrimani to such an extent that a close relationship exists between the two species. ENCHYTR^EID^E 47 For want of specimens of M. grandis this relationship cannot now be cleared up. It may be possible that M. grandis is identical with M. harrimani, the spermathecae having become accidentally reduced. MESENCHYTR^EUS FUSCUS sp. nov. pi. viii, figs. 3-5; text-figs. 21-23. Definition. — Length 15 mm., width i mm. Somites 58. Setae sigmoid : laterals, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4 ; postclitellars 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 ; ventrals, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 6 ; postclitellars, 6, 6, 6, 5 (5, 3, 2). Head-pore large, near the apex. Clitellum, dorsally XI-XIII, ventrally | XI-XIII. Copula- tory papilla of medium size. Intestine in II and III much narrower than in the following somites. Septal glands in somites III- VI. Brain posteriorly truncate, anteriorly deeply incised. Dorsal vessel rises in somite XX and at once is very thick. Spermatheca with two saus- age-shaped di- verticles nearer the pore than the intestine. The diverticles are about one- third as long as the whole spermatheca. Sperm-ducts about twelve times as long as the funnel, extending back some nine so- Mesenchytraus fuscus. mites, or to XXI. Funnels very large, helix-shaped. An atrial chamber into which open independently of each other six to eight glands. Penial glands opening at the base of the sperm-ducts. Sperm -sacs very large, one pair extending as far back as somite XXVII or further. One ovisac. Nephridia with two almost circular lobes. Lymphocytes few, flat and circular. Locality. — In moss in Pit River (below the falls), California. Also from several other localities in northern California. Collected by Dr. Richard C. McGregor. EISEN FIG. 22. Mesenchytrceus fuscus. Characteristics. — Externally this species is readily recognized by the tawny color of its anterior somites, especially their dorsal part, which color is caused by scattered granules of pigment. Internally the ^ species is character- ized by its six to eight comparatively large at- rial glands, which open directly into the atrium (fig. 22, a). DETAILED DESCRIP- TION. Pigment. — The granules of pigment are found in both the epithelial cells and in the circular muscular layer, but they are es- pecially numerous in the outer part of the epithelial cells of the body-wall. Posterior to clitellum they are absent. Head-pore is situated about half way between the apex and somite I. Copulatory organ. — As in many species of Afesenchytrceus, the part of the sperm-duct nearest the male pore possesses two chambers joining each other, the outer one being more properly a penis, while the inner one is of a more glandular nature (fig. 22, #). In this inner chamber and on the side nearest the intestine open the prostates. In the specimens dissected and sectioned there are some six to eight bunches of these atrial glands, each opening independently in the atrium. The distal end of each glandular fascicle is globulai or pear-shaped, while the tubular end duct is narrow. This duct is composed of a mass of tubes, which jointly penetrate the atrium, forming a thick layer of tubes between the mus- FlG. 33. Mesenchytraus fuscus. cular and the glandular layers of the atrium (pi. vm, fig. 5). The ducts of each fascicle surrounded by spi- rally wound muscles, which seem to be mere outcroppings of the outer muscular layer of the atrium. None of these glands open at the base of the penis. The penial bulb consists of muscular strands arranged ENCHYTR^EID^E 49 as the spokes in a wheel, and between the strands are a number of small unicellular glands opening near the pore. Besides these very small glands, there are also a dozen or more larger glands which rise high above the muscular strands (pi. vm, fig. 5), and which seem to open near to the apex of the penis. There are thus three sets of glands opening in connection with the sperm-ducts : atrial glands and two kinds of penial glands, the smaller of which do not rise above the muscular strand mentioned above. The funnels are thick and helix-like (fig. 22, 3), and taper very gradually into the sperm- ducts. The sperm -sacs are long and thick, extending from the ventral to the dorsal side of the ccelom. Nephridia (fig. 23) are round with two principal folds with rounded outlines. The duct leading to the pore is thick and helix-like. Lymphocytes few in number, of disc-like form, and quite small. Intestine. — The intestine, both posterior and anterior to clitellum, is covered with a thick coating of brown chloragogen cells. MESENCHYTRyEUS FUSCUS INERMIS var. nov. pi. I, fig. 18 ; text-fig. 24. Definition. — Length about 20 mm., width about I mm. Somites 75. Setae sigmoid : laterals ; 3, 4, 3, o, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 6, 5 (4, 3, 2) ; ventrals; 4, 5, 6, 5, o, 6, 6, 4, 6, 7, 6, 5 (5, 4). Head-pore halfway between apex and the first groove. Clitellum ventrally and dorsally ^ XI-XIII. Sexual papilla? not large. Sep- tal glands in IV to VI. Brain as in the species, but less emarginated anteriorly. Dorsal vessel rises in somite XXI. Intes- tine narrower in II and III. Spermatheca with two diverticles near the base, each being two-elevenths as long as the whole spermatheca. Sperm-ducts about twelve times as long as the length of the funnel. Funnel more slender than in the species. An atrium present, in which open four to six glands near its junction with the penis. Penial glands open near the penis. Sperm- sacs very large, extending as far back as XXII. Egg-sac extends at least to XXVIII. Testes and ovaries normal. Nephridia less round than in the species. Lymphocytes small and ovoid. fare FIG. 24. Mesenchytroeus fuscus var. inermis. 5O EISEN Locality. — West Fork of Feather River and Goose Lake, northern Modoc County, northern California, Dr. R. C. McGregor. Several specimens. Characteristics. — This variety differs from the species in the shape of the spermatheca, and in the absence of pigment granules in the body-wall. There is also a difference in the form of the sperm-funnel and in the shape of the prostates, as will be shown below. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. I will only dwell upon points in which the variety differs from the species. Body-wall. — There are no pigment granules in any of the somites. The specimens are white, those of the species being anteriorly strongly tawny. Spermatheca. — The diverticles of the spermatheca (fig. 24, a) are much smaller than in the species, as a comparison of the figures will show. In the species the diverticles are about one-third as long as the whole spermatheca, while in the variety they are two-elevenths as long. Spermiducal apparatus . — The atrial glands enter the atrium nearer the penial chamber than in the species. There is also a difference in the form of the glands, which in the variety are more oblong. In the species they are more rounded. MESENCHYTR^US EASTWOODI sp. nov. pi. I, fig. 12 ; pi. vi, fig. 3; text-fig. 25. Definition. — Length 6 to 8 mm., width .6 mm. Somites 65. Seta? : ventrals, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6 (XII), 4 (XIII), 4, 4; laterals, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2 (XII), 2 (XIII), 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2. The most lateral setae in the ventral fascicles and the most ventral in the lateral fascicles are smaller. Head-pore on the upper side of pro- stomium, which is short, blunt, and rounded. Brain anteriorly deeply emarginated, posteriorly straight ; longer than wide. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to XV. Intestine with small flat chloragogen cells. Sper- mathecae with a pair of cylindrical diverticles at the center, each diverti- cle being a little shorter than half the spermatheca. Sperm-ducts about eight times as long as the funnels. Funnels small, almost globular, with twisted basal part. A comparatively narrow atrium exterior to the penial bulb. Two long and irregular atrial glands open in the atrium. Six or eight penial glands inside the bulb open at the penial apex. Two pairs of sperm-sacs well developed. Lymphocytes oval, with pointed ends, about one-fifth as long as the narrow diameter of the brain. ENCHYTR^EID^E Locality. — Hoods Peak, Sonoma Co., California, April, 1893, *n soil near a creek. Collected by Miss Alice Eastwood. Of some twenty specimens only a few are adult. FIG. 25. Mesenchytrceus eastivoodi. In size this species resembles M. fontinalis. From this species M. eastivoodi is well distinguished by its atrial glands, its small lym- phocytes, and the arrangement of its setae, which gradually diminish in size toward the lateral interval. MESENCHYTRCEUS NANUS sp. nov. Text-fig. 26. Definition. — Length 8 mm., width .6 mm. Somites 56, well de- fined. Setae : laterals, uniformly 2, 2, etc., i ; ventrals, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, o, 2, 3, 2, etc. Head-pore near apex. Sexual papillae distinct. Septal glands IV to VII. Brain almost square, posteriorly deeply emarginated. Dorsal vessel rises in XVI. Intes- tine covered with thick chloragogen cells. Spermathecae large, con- fined to one somite, with a large central chamber representing two primitive, opposite, diverticles ; apex of spermathecal ampulla appears to be connected with the intestine by a pore. No sperm-ducts; the sperm-funnels (fig. 26, d) club-shaped, open directly in the penial pore without any intermediary ducts. There is no penial bulb, and no glands of any kind in connection with the efferent apparatus. Testes and ovaries normal. A single ovisac and two sperm-sacs extending backward through several somites. Nephridia with very long duct and many-lobed central part. Lymphocytes small, ovoid, not fringed. 52 EISEN Locality. — Popof Island, Alaska, Prof. Trevor Kincaid. Characteristics. — Only a few specimens were collected, and of these only one was partially adult. The specimen sectioned did not possess any part of the efferent apparatus and no spermathecae. The adult specimen was dissected. The form of the spermathecae and the FIG. 26. Mesenckytreeits nanus. sperm-funnels opening into the pores without ducts, are so very characteristic that the species cannot very well be confounded with any other species known. The nearest related species is M. primcevus Eisen, which however possesses a slightly different spermatheca, the difference being in the diverticles and in the length of the organ. The duct leading to the pore in the nephriclium is much longer in M. nanus than in M. primcevus. MESENCHYTR^US FONTINALIS sp. nov. pi. i, fig. 15; pi. xi, fig. 3; text-fig. 27. Definition. — Length 8 mm., width .75 mm. Somites 60. Setae sigmoid; laterals anterior to clitellum 3, posterior to clitellum 4, 5,6; ventrals anterior to clitellum 6, posterior to clitellum 7, 6. Head- pore large, situated a little posterior to the apex. Clitellum dorsally fXI-XIII, ventrally £ XI-XIII. Sexual papillae not prominent. Brain posteriorly truncate or very slightly concave. Septal glands large ENCHYTR^ID^E S3 in IV to VI. Spermatheca cylindrical, with two opposite diverticles on the quarter nearest the intestine. Sperm-ducts about ten times as long as the funnel, furnished with a bottle-shaped enlargement near the pore. No atrial glands. The funnel is very large, three- or four- lobed. Dorsal vessel rises in somite XIX. Sperm-sacs in XII to XVI. Ovisac extends to XVIII. Nephridia with three principal lobes, the general shape deltoid. Lymphocytes very large, oval. Blood orange red. Locality. — Pine Ridge above the toll-house road near the lumber mills, Sierra Nevada, Fresno County, California. Found among decaying leaves and in the mud in the running water of a small tribu- tary to Rush Creek, the latter being a tributary to Kings River. A truly aquatic species. July and August. Altitude about 7000 feet. Characteristics. — Readily dis- tinguished by its large lympho- cytes, the shape of the lower end of the sperm-ducts and the sperm- atheca. The diverticles of the latter are situated much nearer the intestine than in M. pedatus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Spermiducal apparatus. — At- rium does not appear to possess any atrial glands. There are nu- merous large glands which sur- round the atrium but which open exteriorly to the bulb, around the latter's base. Numerous oblong and very thin penial glands inside the bulb. The bulb is small and possesses fewer muscles than most other species of the genus. On account of the insufficient fixation of the specimens the finer details of the penial bulb could not be made out as well as might be desired. The atrium is large and furnished interiorly with an epithelium consisting of large cubical cells (pi. xi, fig. 3). The funnel is large, occupying more than half of the somite when viewed in a longitudinal section of the body. When dissected it is seen that the funnel consists of three or four clefts, like those of an orange partly split open. The sperm-duct, which runs first upward, then back- ward, through about four somites in a more or less twisted manner, must be at least ten times as long as the funnel. The exterior papilla is quite low. Septal glands. — These are large and of the same shape as in M. pedatus. Part of the glands adhere closely to the posterior septum FlG. 27. Mesenchytraeus fontinalis. 54 EISEN while other parts are attached to the lateral ducts leading to the pharynx. Esophagus and tubular intestine throughout of very even thickness. Nephridia vary considerably as regards the form of the lobes. Generally three lobes, and the whole nephridium is more or less deltoid. Lymphocytes. — Unusually large (fig. 15), ovoid or even circular. In all the specimens sectioned, confined to the first thirteen somites. The diameter of an average lymphocyte equals in thickness the epithe- lium of the body-wall together with half the diameter of the transverse muscular layer. They are strongly granular. MESENCHYTR^US FONTINALIS GRACILIS var. nov. Text-fig. 28. Definition. — Length 5 mm., width .5 mm. Somites about 50. Spermatheca with a pair of club-shaped diverticles situated about one- third the distance from the intestine. In other respects similar to the species. Locality. — In mud of springs near Dinkey Creek, in the Sierra Nevada, Fresno County, California. Altitude about 6000 feet. Characteristics. — I can find no distinct characteristics other than a greater slender- ness of the spermatheca and a greater equality of the two limbs. In the species the ampulla between the intestine and the junction with the diverticles is very short, much shorter than the diverticle. In the variety, the ampulla between the intestine and the junction of the diverticles is about one and one-half times as long as the diverticles, and the part be- tween the pore and the junction of the di- verticles is about two and one-half times as long as the diverticles. The diverticles also are longer in the variety than in the species. These differences may be slight, but the fact that they were found to be constant in four specimens of the variety in the six specimens of the species which I dis- sected shows that they are of considerable importance and worthy of being recorded. FIG. 28. Mesenchytrceus fontinalis gracilis. 55 MESENCHYTR^US PEDATUS sp. nov. (pi. i, figs. 13 and 14 ; pi. ix, figs. 3-6 ; text-figs. 29 and 30.) Definition. — Length 10 mm., width .75 mm. Somites 48. Setae sigmoid ; laterals 3-4, ventrals 5-6. Head-pore small, opening half- way between apex of prostomium and peristomium. Clitellum, dorsally £ XI— XIII, ventrally XII, XIII. A very large exterior copulatory organ, almost as long as the diameter of the body. Brain anteriorly a. FIG. 29. Mesenchytrceus pedatus. slightly concave, posteriorly with straight margin, a trifle longer than broad. Septal glands in IV, V and VI. Spermathecae each with two club-shaped diverticles situated halfway up the organ. Sperm-funnels two-thirds as long and broad as a somite. Sperm-ducts at least eight times as long as the sperm -funnel. Sperm -ducts with an atrial chamber before the penial pore. A ring of very large accessory glands open in the immediate vicinity of the sperm-ducts. Dorsal vessel originates in XIV. Nephridia with three somewhat indistinct lobes and a helix- like posterior spur. Lymphocytes of two forms, oblong and round. EISEN Locality. — Found at Goose Lake, Alturas and other localities in Modoc County, California. Collected by Dr. Richard C. McGregor. Probably common in the mud of creeks and lakes in the Sierra Nevada region of northern California. Characteristics. — Readily distinguished exteriorly by very large copulatory papillae in XII, especially in specimens where they are fully extended, the papillae then being as long as the diameter of the body. Interiorly it is prominently characterized by the enormously large accessory glands, which open in the immediate vicinity of the sperm- ducts (pi. ix, fig. 5). DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Seta. — In the first few somites the number of setae varies between three and four in the lateral fascicles, while in the ventral fascicles we find six setae in the three anterior fascicles and five in the following. Posterior to cli- tellum the setae in the ventral rows are unif o r m 1 y five, while in the lateral rows they are only four. All the setae in the same fascicle are of about the same size. Head- pore. — This pore is situ- FIG. 30. Mesenchytr&us pedatus. ated (fig. 29, a} a little in front of the shallow groove which separates prostomium from somite I. Spermiducal apparatus (pi. ix, figs. 4 and 5). — As stated, the large sexual papilla is most conspicuous. When fully extended its long diameter is equal to the diameter of the body at somite XII (pi. ix, fig. 5). The sperm-ducts open at the apex, and this latter is surrounded by the elevated margin of the body-wall, here consisting of large broad cells. Surrounding the opening of the sperm-ducts is a small bulb, into which opens a ring of very large accessory glands. These glands extend inward to the center of the body-cavity. Their structure seems to resemble that of the septal glands. The sperm- ENCHYTR^EID^E 57 ducts are at least eight times as long as the funnels. The duct runs at first back for three somites, turning in XV and then paralleling itself. In XII it is coiled several times, and then, entering in XI, joins the fun- nel. It is, however, quite narrow, about one-sixth the width of the funnel. In longitudinal section of the body the funnel is seen to be in length two-thirds the transverse diameter of the body and about two- thirds as wide. The sperm-duct possesses an atrial chamber some little distance from the male-pore (pi. ix, fig. 5). Dorsal vessel rises from the intestine in somite XIV, but does not always separate itself at once. Thus, in one specimen it was fully separated in XIV, in another in XV. Testes small, solid, in XI; ovaries long, in XII. Two sperm-sacs, tubular in form, extending from XII to XV. Ovisac extends as far back as XVII. Spermathecce large, each with two large club-shaped diverticles projecting from the center (fig. 29, e). Ampulla of the spermatheca twisted, and sigmoid where it connects with the intestine from the ventral side. Nephridia (fig. 30, a and b) consist each of three more or less indistinct lobes. To these must be added a posterior helix-like spur, probably analogous with the spur in the Megadrilid genera (Eisen 16). The tubules wide and closely wound, as in other species of Mesen- ckytrceus. It is apparent that the nephridium is built somewhat as in the higher Oligochaeta, and there is possibly a ' bridge ' starting out from the helix-like spur. The ducts of the spur are much thicker than those in other parts of the nephridium. Lymphocytes (pi. ix, fig. 3). — Of at least three different shapes and of various sizes — round, oval, or crescent -shaped. The structure appears to be the same in all and I am unable to say whether we have three distinct forms or only variations of one and the same variety. MESENCHYTR^EUS BERINGENSIS sp. nov. pi. x, figs. 1-3; text-fig. 31. Definition. — Length 15 mm., width .75 mm. Somites about 70. Setae sigmoid : laterals, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, o, o, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, etc., 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, etc. ; ventrals, 5, 5, 6, 7, 6, 5, 6, 7, 6, o, o, 4, 5, 5, etc., 5, 6, 7, 6, 5, etc. Prostomium pointed. Head- pore near apex. Clitellum, XI, XII and XIII. Sexual papillae large. Septal glands in IV to VI. Brain tapering posteriorly ; posterior margin almost straight. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum. EISEN Intestine with very minute chloragogen cells. Spermathecae join the intestine in V ; diverticles as long as the ampullar part, club-shaped ; ampulla inflated and sac-like ; duct strongly muscular. Sperm-ducts narrow and probably short. No atrium exterior to the bulb. But inside the latter we find an enlargement of the sperm-duct, of similar form and structure as an ordinary atrium, but without the atrial glands. Below this enlargement there is a swelling of the walls of the duct containing a large number of thin and slender penial glands opening in the very apex of the sperm-duct. Penial bulb with numerous large glands opening around the penial pore. No accessory glands. Sperm-sacs apparently small. Lymphocytes small, ovoid, with pointed ends. Color of alcoholic specimen deep yellow, no pigment. Locality. — Bering Island, Bering Strait, Alaska. Collected by Dr. Anton Stuxberg, Vega Expedition under Baron Nordenskiold, August 15, 1879. A single specimen. Characteristics. — Although the want of specimens prevents a thorough examination and leaves many points undetermined, yet the few characters known are so prominently characteristic that the species cannot be con- founded with any other thus far described. The absence of both atrial and accessory glands at the same time is a rare occurrence. In many respects the structure of the efferent apparatus reminds us of M. pedatus. The differ- ence between the two species is however great enough. In M. pedatus the large glands at the base of the sperm-duct are free and not enclosed in ,, the bulb. In our present spe- FIG. 31. Mesenchytrceus leringensis. cies these glands are entirely enclosed in the penial bulb. Neither species possesses atrial glands. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Brain (fig. 31, e). — Posterior margin almost straight, the general form of the brain rounded, as in fig. 31, e. In the specimen ex- amined the two sides of the brain are somewhat unequal. ENCHYTR^EID^E 59 Setae. — The setae diminish slightly in size towards the dorsal and the lateral intervals respectively. No setae in somites XI and XII. Spermathecce (fig. 31, #). — The ampulla connects with the intes- tine in V and is considerably swollen, furnished with thin walls. The duct muscular, exterior surface striped longitudinally. Sperm-ducts. — As the specimen was sectioned transversely the size of the funnels is not known. The sperm-ducts narrow, apparently not very long, repeatedly folded. The atrium and the penial chamber of nearly equal size, the atrium slightly the larger. The absence of atrial glands a distinct feature. In the penial chamber some few glands opening independently of each other around the pore of the duct, enclosed by the muscular coat of the lower part of the sperm-duct. The penial glands are powerfully developed and crowd the bulb to the utmost. Between the glands are muscles and connective tissue. The nephridia were too macerated to be described satisfactorily. MESENCHYTR^EUS SOLIFUGUS Emery. pi. vn, fig. 8; pi. vni, figs, i and 2; text-fig. 32. 1898. Melanenchytraus solifugus EMERY, '98. 1899. MesenchytrcEus solifugus MOORE, '99. Definition. — Length 12 mm., width .5 mm. Somites about 50. Setae : anteriors about 4, 5, 3 ; posteriors, 2, 3, etc. Prostomium rounded, blunt and small. Clitellum probably confined to XII. Sex- ual papillae prominent. Septal glands small. Spermathecae straight, with three diverticles in the same plane at the center of the organ. Sperm-ducts comparatively broad, extending at least as far back as XV and probably farther. Funnels cylindrical, folded on themselves, contracted at the center. A large atrium in which opens about eight atrial glands of large size. Many large accessory glands open along the base outside of the penial bulb. About fifteen penial glands inside the penial bulb. Nephridia with three large lobes and a long ante- septal. Lymphocytes small, pointed, ovoid. Color intensely brown- ish-black owing to pigment which permeates most of the inner organs as well as the body- wall. Locality. — Occurs on the ice of many of the glaciers of Alaska. Collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid and Prof. W. E. Ritter on the following glaciers : Muir Glacier, June n ; La Perouse Glacier, June 18. Specimens have also been described by Prof. J. Percy Moore from the Malaspina Glacier. Note. — Professor Moore partly describes another ice worm, M. niveus Moore, from the Malaspina Glacier, said to differ in hav ng 6c EISEN posteriorly emarginated brain and in not possessing any diverticles of the spermathecae. This species is not among those collected by the Harriman Expedition, at least none of those examined by me possessed these characters. The above definition had already been made out when I received the admirable description of the species by Professor Moore (Proc. Philadelphia Acad. Sci., 1899). This description is so full that few details need be added. FIG. 32. Mesenchytrceus solifugus. Color. — The object of the deep color is probably not alone to absorb heat, but also to exclude light. The worm breeds under the exposure to constant daylight, and the pigment must admirably serve the purpose of modifying this light. All other Enchytraeidae can hide themselves under opaque substances, but this ice worm has no place to hide, as the snow and ice are comparatively transparent. The pig- ment is distributed not only in the body -wall, but in most of the in- terior organs, even in the ganglia and the brain. ENCHYTR^EID^E 6l Spermiducal apparatus. — The accessory glands, which are char- acteristic, open along the base of the penis outside of the bulb. They are long and of trefoil shape, with enormous long narrow ducts. It is not impossible that the various glaciers of Alaska contain sev- eral species of black ice worms, and it would be of the greatest inter- est to have these worms carefully collected and fixed so that they could be readily investigated. Most of the specimens in the collection were in a state of decomposition, and it is evident that these worms are extremely sensitive to heat and should be fixed on the spot where collected without first being brought to the laboratory. Subfamily ENCHTTR^EIN^E. This subfamily contains only two genera, both of which are certainly closely related. In this family the penial glandular structures are not confined within a single bulb as in Lumbricillinae, but are broken up in two or more masses of papillae, often of unequal size. In a cross-sec- tion of the body these papillae may be seen to extend from the median line to the other side of the spermiducal pore, and even in the long diameter of the body the glands have a more or less considerable ex- tension. In some species these glands are situated close to each other, in others again they are separated by the common tissue of the body- wall. Genus Enchytraeus Henle. Definition. — Setae of equal length and straight. Head-pore be- tween prostomium and somite I, always small. No dorsal pores an- terior to clitellum. Intestine and esophagus gradually merging into each other. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum from a vascular sinus of the intestine. One pair of sperm-sacs, surrounded by peritoneal membrane, project from the testes forward. No single penial bulb, but one or more isolated glandular papillae situated in the vicinity of the spermiducal pores, generally and principally ventral to the pores. Numerous transverse muscles connect the ventral and lateral parietes surrounding the spermiducal pores. Peptonephridia glands present or absent. One kind of lymphocytes. Intestine generally with chylus cells. As will be seen from the above definition, I have added some characteristics not mentioned by Michaelsen and Beddard. One of these concerns the presence of sperm-sacs. There can be no doubt about the presence of sperm-sacs, just as perfectly developed, though not as large, as those in Mesenchytrceus. In all the species examined 62 EISEN by me such sperm-sacs are present, but vary greatly in size. In Enchytrceus saxicola they are enormously large, extending as far for- ward as the spermathecae . There are, however, no trabecula, at least not in the species which were sectioned. Michael sen mentions the presence of sperm-sacs in Enchytrceus mcebii (4), but does not use their presence as a generic characteristic. Another characteristic relates to the transformation of the penial bulb into separate papilla? surrounding the lower part of the sperm-duct. Such papilla? are found in all other Enchytraeid genera which I have investigated, or which I have seen illustrated. In Enchytrceus the spermducts open independently of any glands. There are however glandular complex in the vicinity of the spermiducal pores in several of the species, and perhaps in all, but they are situated some little distance from the lower part of the sperm-duct, or if close, are still distinctly separated from them. At any rate the sperm-ducts are never directly connected with any glands or ducts of glands, but open inde- pendently of any accessory structures through the body-wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Brain. — The brain in Enchytrceus is characterized by the circular mass of fibers in the posterior part of the fiber belt in the brain. As this structure has not been studied in detail its nature is not understood. Nephridia. — Characterized by the small anteseptal which consists merely of the nephrostome. A similar arrangement is found in Lumbricillus . In no instance is there an anteseptal resembling that found in Eridericia. Penial papillce and structures. — No penial bulb similar to the one found in Eridericia, Lumbricillus, etc. The sperm-ducts always open separately from the glandular masses, which are found in the vicinity of the ducts. These glands are never surrounded by a special muscular covering, but seem to be more intimately connected with the epidermis, and as such covered by the general muscular layers of the body. In some species we meet with a great number of slightly sepa- rated glandular cushions, each consisting of many glandular cells arranged in a pinnate or feathery manner, but all these cells open some little distance from the sperm-ducts. In other species there are only a very few such cell agglomerations. Now and then a muscular strand may be seen to penetrate between the cells down to the body-wall. The muscular penial bulb in other genera is in Enchytrceus separated by a number of isolated muscular strands, which connect the body-wall in the vicinity of the penial pore with the parietes higher up along the sides of the body. ENCHYTR^EID^E SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF ENCHYTR^EUS DESCRIBED IN THIS PAPER. I. SPERMATHECA WITHOUT DIVERTICLES. Spermatheca more or less covered with small glandular cells. No distinct and enlarged pouch ............................................. i. E. modestus sp. nov. Spermatheca short and thick, with a large collar of glands at the base. Spermathecal connection with the intestine is situated on the side of the Spermatheca. Two large glandular penial papillae at the penial pore. 2. E. metlakatlensis sp. nov. II. SPERMATHECA WITH A SINGLE DIVERTICLE. Spermatheca short and thick. The connection with intestine is situated on one side of the Spermatheca. Two separate penial papillae near the spermi- ducal pore. A few small glands around the base of the spermatheca. 3. E. kincaidi sp. nov. III. SPERMATHECA WITH TWO DIVERTICLES. Spermathecal diverticles distinct, both of the same size. Stalk of spermatheca longer than the ampulla. A large number of penial papillae near the sper- miducal pore covered by the regular muscular layer of the body. 4. E. alaskce sp. nov. Spermathecal diverticles of unequal size. Brain deeply emarginated pos- teriorly. Sperm-funnels very long and narrow. Penial papillae two, and very minute, situated close to the spermiducal pore.. ..5. E. saxicola sp. nov. Spermathecal diverticles unequal in size. Brain posteriorly convex. Sperm- funnels short and twisted. Two small penial papillae near the pore. 6. E. citrinus sp. nov. ENCHYTR^US MODESTUS sp. nov. pi. xix, figs. 2 and 3 ; text-fig. 33. Definition. — Length 6 to 7 mm., width .4 mm. Somites 57, pluri-ringed. Prostomium pointed, about one-third shorter than somite I. Intersegmental grooves deep. Setae straight and of equal length, three in each fascicle, dorsal as well as ventral. Brain posteriorly almost straight, the posterior retractor muscles much narrower than the lateral ones. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum (un- developed in ' d the speci- mens) . Sper- mathecse with- out diverticles, straight and more or less warty, not connecting with the intestine. Nephridia with exceedingly narrow inner duct rilling only a small part of the nephridium ; the anteseptal Enchytrceus modestus. 64 EISEN consists of little more than the nephrostome. Lymphocytes narrow, long, and rather irregular. Color white. Locality. — Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska, June 25, 1899, Prof. Wm. E. Ritter. Only three immature or degenerating speci- mens, so much twisted and curled that no successful sectioning could be made. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Few additional points can be given. The species seems well char- acterized by its nephridia, the inner duct in which is narrower than in any other species examined by me. Sexual papillce. — The male pores sunk in the specimens ; no ex- ternal penial papillae. The inner penial papillae constructed on the same principle as in the other species described in this paper ; that is, there is a set of glands grouped in bunches arranged like feathers, between which opens independently the sperm-duct. The particular arrangement could not be made out. Spermiducal apparatus. — The ducts seem to be short and rather thick. Intestine is covered by a thick layer of closely set, but transparent and non-staining chloragogen cells. Lymphocytes. — There is a cyanophil stroma in the meshes, in which there are a few, or comparatively few, eosinophil granules. The nucleus is small but distinct, staining pale blue. ENCHYTRyEUS METLAKATLENSIS sp. nov. pi. xvin, fig. 5 ; pi. xix, fig. I ; text-figs. 34-36. Definition. — Length 1 2 mm., width .65 mm. Somites 60. Setae : laterals 3 and 2 ; ventrals 3 and 4 in each fascicle. Prostomium rounded, blunt. Clitellum XII and XIII. Sexual exterior papillae small and not prominent. Septal glands in IV, V and VI. Brain oblong, posteriorly slightly emarginated. Dorsal vessel rises in XV. Intes- tine gradually emerging in the esophagus. Spermathecae with short and thick duct and with a short apical sac opening into the intestine by a pore ; a collar of glands at the base surrounds the exterior pore. Sperm-ducts long and narrow, closely coiled, confined to XII. Sperm- funnels short and thick, bent on themselves. Penial papillae two, be- tween which open the sperm-ducts. Penial papillae consist of about 6 lobes in each papilla, the anterior and posterior papillae being of about equal size. Ovaries in XII, testes in XI. Testes each connected with a sperm-sac which, penetrating the septum, projects into X, filling a large part of the somite. The sperm -sacs are surrounded by a coelomic membrane. Lymphocytes long and narrow, shuttle-like or ENCHYTR^EID^E elongated ovoid, with the apices sharply pointed. Nephridia with a small anteseptal consisting of nephrostome ; the duct is strong, with a lumen much wider than that of the main body of the nephrid- ium ; the duct in the main body tightly and apparently irregularly folded. Color gray. Locality. — Metla- katla, Alaska, June 4, 1899. Found under sea-weeds, by Prof. W. E. Ritter. Characteristics. — The contracted sper- mathecse are charac- teristic of this species. Another point of dis- _, FIG. 34. Enchytrceus metlakatlensis. tinction between this species and Enchytrceus alaska is seen in the two penial papillae, which are of equal size and further apart than in the present species. Brain. — The structure of the brain offers some points of interest. The fibers, which in other genera form a solid convex band, are in this, as well as in E. alas- kce, broken up into two groups, one forming a glob- ular projection extending further back toward the pos- terior margin (fig. 34, 3). It is not improbable that this peculiarity is of generic importance. Intestine. — There is a thin coating of broad chlor- agogen cells in somites VI to IX ; in the other somites no such cells can be seen. Spermathecce (fig. 36) . — The pore connecting with the intestine is not at the apex of the pouch, but situated on one side, as shown in fig. 36. FIG. 35. Enckytrceus metlakatlensis. 66 EISEN Penial glands . — In a longitudinal section two separated bunches of glands forming two separate papillae, one situated in front of the other. Both bunches of equal size, but not strictly in the same plane. As there were no specimens to spare for cross-sectioning, it was not possible to ascertain the whole extent of the glandular structure. The sperm-duct pene- trates the body -wall be- tween the two glandu- lar papillae, but there are no glands entering the ducts. Nephridia . — These organs show great sim- ilarity to those of JE. mcebii Mich., as well as to those of FIG. 36. Enchy trans metlakatlensis. kce. The duct connecting with the nephropore wide, becomes narrow only when it joins the main body of the nephridium. The inner duct is coiled in such a manner that it is impossible to follow its windings for any distance. Lymphocytes (fig. 34, a) . — These long and unusually narrow bodies are present in considerable numbers. They attach themselves every- where by means of their pointed ends. Sperm-sacs. — There is no doubt about the presence of a coelomic membrane surrounding the developing spermatozoa, thus constituting a regular sperm-sac. Where the sac penetrates the septum X/XI a few trabeculae are seen to extend forward through the mass of develop- ing spermatogonia. ENCHYTIL^US KINCAIDI sp. nov. pL xvni, figs. 2-4; text-figs. 37 and 38. Definition. — Length 20 to 25 mm., width .75 mm. Somites about 67. Seta? : anterior ones slightly more slender than the pos- terior ones ; laterals, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, etc. ; ventrals, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, o, 2, 2, 2, etc. Other specimen : laterals, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, etc. ; ventrals, 3, 3, 4> 4> 4> 3> 3> 3> 3> °t °» 3> 2> 2> 2> etc- Body-wall transparent. Prostomium blunt, rounded, intersegmental grooves shallow. Cli- ENCHYTR^ID^E tellum with thin walls XII and XIII. Sexual papillae not present. Septal glands in IV, V and VI ; those in IV the smallest, and those in VI the largest. Peptonephridia consist of one or two short and broad twisted lobes. Brain longer than broad, posteriorly distinctly convex. Dorsal vessel rises in XVI. Intestine without chloragogen cells. Spermathecae short and thick, with one diverticle at the inner apex; the main body connects at its center with the intestine. Sperm- ducts narrow,coiled, confined to XII. Funnels large, three" times as long as FIG. 37. Enchytrceus kincaidi. broad. Penial inner papillae two, the posterior one the largest ; the cells with a feathery and radiating arrangement. Sperm-sacs : one pair connected with the testes, projecting forward into somite X ; no trabecula present. No ovisacs. Nephridia with anteseptal consist- ing only of nephrostome ; duct thin and much coiled. Lymphocytes broad, irregularly ovoid, not large, cyanophil, without eosinophil granules. Color white, body entirely transparent. Locality. — Popof Island, Alaska, Prof. Trevor Kincaid. Under rocks on the shore. Several specimens in very fine condition. Characteristics. — As usual the form of the spermathecae is the most characteristic feature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Setae. — The setae straight with the basal part considerably curved. All in the same fascicle of the same or nearly the same length ; no one decidedly longer than the rest. Clitellum. — The wall of the clitellum not more than twice as thick as the general body- wall. Even the body-wall unusually thin. Brain (fig. 37, £)• — Brain as in the other species of this genus described in this paper. A circular mass of fibers at the apex of the inner fiber curve. Spermathecce . — Several specimens dissected ; spermathecae found to vary but little in form. The lower end furnished with a set of glands near the pore, the glands opening into the duct. The connec- tion with the intestine at the center of the whole organ. A short and thick diverticle points upward and forms the inner apex of the organ. 68 EISEN Sexual glands, — The penial papillae on each side consist of two distinct and separate masses of glandular cells arranged in the usual feathery manner characteristic of this genus. There are two agglom- erations of such glands, one anterior to the other, the anterior one being the smallest. In the specimen sectioned longitudinally the former gland-complex is seen to consist of eight agglomerations, while FIG. 38. Enckytrceus kincaidi. the latter or anterior one contains only three or four. There is, how- ever, some variation, as in one dissected specimen the anterior complex is only one-third smaller than the posterior one. The sperm-funnels are somewhat curved and about three times as long as wide. Sperm- ducts open independently of the penial papilla? and a little more ventrally than either. Nephridia. — The inner duct narrow, running in a zigzag manner. Sections show that the lumen is connected with innumerable minute and probably branching ducts, too small to be indicated on the figure (pi. xvni, fig. 3) . ENCHYTRyEUS ALASKA sp. nov. pi. i, fig. 19; pi. xix, figs. 4-6; pi. xx, figs. 1-2 ; text-figs. 39 and 40. Definition. — Length 15 mm. or less, width .75 mm. Somites 65, strongly tapering toward the tail end. Prostomium rounded ; somite I smaller than II or III. Head-pore between prostomium and somite I. Seta? straight : anterior laterals 3, posterior 2 ; anterior ven- trals 3, posterior 2 and 3. Sexual papilla? not prominent. Clitellum ENCHYTR^EID^E distinct, XI to XIII, saddle-shaped. Septal glands in IV, V and VI. Peptonephridia short and undivided. Brain posteriorly slightly con- cave, oblong. Dorsal vessel rises in XV, but separates only in XII. Esophagus gradually emerging in the sacculated intestine. Spermathecae with long stalk and a lopsided ampulla connecting with the intestine. Sperm-funnels short, bent. Sperm-ducts nar- row, coiled, in XII and XI, opening on the side of small penial papillae. A pair of large inte- rior penial papillae near the male pores. Neph- ridia large, rounded, with granular neck and greatly coiled duct. Anteseptal consists merely of the nephrostome. Lymphocytes of two forms, rounded-oval and tapering. Both are erythrophil. Color white. Locality. — Garforth Island, Muir Inlet, Gla- cier Bay, Alaska, June 9, 1899, Prof. W. E. Ritter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Penial interior papittce. — The most interest- ing features of the species of this genus are the structure of these organs. The penial in- terior papilla is in itself very small, and con- sists of two unequal papillae, between which the sperm-ducts open. The smaller is situated close to the body-wall (pi. xix, fig. 4), while the larger is situated nearer the ventral gang- lion. The sperm-ducts open between these two papillae. There are numerous muscles between the two papillae as well as between the sperm -duct and the papillae. The papillae contain only one kind of glands, which do not open into any lumen, but onto the exterior surface of the body. No glands open into the sperm-duct. Besides these comparatively small penial papillae we find located more centrally two larger penial papillae close to the ven- tral ganglion (pi. xix, fig. 6) . In a transverse section of the body of the worm these penial papillae are not cut at the same time as the other penial papillae, the latter being situated a little anterior to the former. The penial papillae are all of the same general structure and contain a number of unicellular glands arranged in many isolated bunches, each bunch opening separately from the other. Between these papillae are FIG. 39. Enchytrceus alaskce. EISEN seen a number of smaller glandular papillae in a continuous row across the somite. Somewhat similar structures have been figured by Michaelsen for E. mcebit, and I contend that they are characteristic of this genus. FIG. 40. Enchytrceus alaskce. ENCHYTRyEUS SAXICOLA sp. nov. pi. xvni, fig. 6; text-fig. 41. Definition. — Length 15 to 20 mm., width .65 mm. Somites 63. Body transparent, -with thin walls. Prostomium blunt and rounded. Head-pore between prostomium and somite I. Setae straight : laterals 5 3» 3> 3» 3> 3> 3» 35 3> 3> 3» 2> 2 (J5 somites), 3, 3, 3, 3, etc. ; ventrals, 3» 3» 3i 3» 3^ 3» 3» 3> 3> 4> °» 2 (I2 somites), 3, 3, 3, etc. Clitellum FIG. 41. Enchytrceus saxicola. XII and XIII, prominent. No external sexual papillae. Brain pos- teriorly deeply emarginated, longer than broad. Dorsal vessel rises posteriorly. Intestine much narrower in somites VII to X. Sperma- thecse short and thick, each with a single diverticle ; connects centrally ENCHYTR^EIDJE 7 1 with the intestine in V ; duct short and narrow. Sperm-ducts narrow, a few times longer than the funnel, which is long and narrow, with the basal part sigmoid. A minute penial papilla situated ventrally and close to the spermiducal pore. The sperm-ducts open independently of these glands. One pair of long cylindrical sperm -sacs extend from the testes forward through somites X to VII. No ovisacs. Nephridial anteseptal consists of only the nephrostome. Lymphocytes of medium size, thicker at one end, strongly granular. Color transparent white. Locality. — Lowe Inlet, British Columbia, June 3, 1899, Prof. Trevor Kincaid. u Under rocks at high tide." Characteristics. — This species undoubtedly stands near JS. kin- caidi, but differs not only in the form of the spermathecae, but also in the emarginated brain, and in the presence of only one small penial papilla near the pore of the sperm-duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Brain. — The longitudinal diameter is about twice as long as the transverse one. There is a central circular and somewhat globular mass of fibers in the fibrous band. Spermathecce . — The diverticle is wide, in one spermatheca entire, in the other indistinctly lobed, forming chambers containing balls of spermatozoa. The duct resembles that of E. kincaidi; the diverticle wider than in that species. The connection with the intestine at the center and at one side of the organ. Sperm-funnels. — One of the funnels somewhat shorter than the other. The longest funnel is represented by the figure (41, a). Spermiducal pores . — As in other species of this genus described in this paper, no trace of any penial bulb. The sperm-ducts open in- dependently of any glands. A small penial papilla close to the pore, situated more ventrally. It contains two minor gland agglomerations situated side by side, and two or three smaller ones situated nearer the ganglion. As a substitute for a penial bulb there are numerous muscle fibers connecting the ventral and dorsal parietes around the spermi- ducal pore, just as in the higher Oligochaeta, as for instance in Ponto- drilus. Sperm-sacs. — They consist of two very large bodies surrounded by a peritoneal membrane of great toughness. They fill entirely somites VIII to X, and encroach upon VII. The intestine is quite narrow in the somites occupied by the sperm-sacs. The sperm-sacs are slightly contracted by the septa. Compared with the sperm-sacs of E. kin- caidi, those of the present species are two or three times as long, but not quite so wide. They are readily dissected out without breaking. EISEN ENCHYTR^EUS CITRINUS sp. nov. Text-fig. 42. Definition. — Length 17 mm., width .5 mm. Somites 50. Pro- stomium blunt. Seta : laterals, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2 (for n somites), 3, 3, etc. ; ventrals, the same as the laterals, except o in XII. Clitellum XII-XIII. No sexual papillae exteriorly. Brain slightly longer than broad, posteriorly convex. Dorsal vessel rises posteriorly (probably in XVI) . Blood deep lemon-yellow. Intestine narrower in somites VIII to X. Spermathecae with large and thick apical ampulla and a distinct and strong duct. Sperm -ducts about three times as long as the funnel. The funnels rather short, sigmoid. Two very min- ute internal pe- nial papillae close to and a little ventral to the spermiducal pore. Lymphocytes of medium size, ovoid, tapering toward one end. Nephridia similar to those of E. saxicola. Color deep lemon-yellow. Locality. — Lowe Inlet, British Columbia, Prof. Trevor Kincaid, June 3, 1899. Characteristics. — There is considerable doubt whether this form should be arranged as a distinct species or considered a variety under E. saxicola. While it is true that the spermathecae are somewhat larger and slightly different in shape, the main distinction between the two species lies in the shape of the brain and in the color of the blood. The specimens of both E. saxicola and E. citrinus were transmitted to me in the same bottle and had been collected at the same place and preserved in formalin in the same manner. Still in E. citrinus the blood was deep yellow, while in E. saxicola it was white or uncolored. The brain in the two species is distinct in shape. Spermiducal apparatus. — Funnels smaller than in E. saxicola, the two small inner papillae close to the spermiducal pore more minute FIG. 42. Enchytrceus citrinus. ENCHYTR^EID^E ^3 than in that species. Two large sperm-sacs extending through several somites anterior to XI. In shape these sacs resemble those of E. saxicola. Genus Michaelsena Ude (part). Definition. — Setae straight, more or less absent in majority of the somites. Head-pore between prostomium and somite I. No dorsal pores. Esophagus gradually merging into the intestine. Dorsal ves- sel rises posterior to clitellum, and is without cardiac gland. No pep- tonephridia. Testes solid. Nephridia as in Enchytrceus. Penial papillae without interior muscular strands. No penial bulbs. To the definition given originally by Ude I have added the charac- teristics of the penial bulb, and modified that referring to the setae. It is to my mind evident that if we are to recognize the genus Michael- Sena we must make the definition wide enough to include both Mich- aelsen's species, Enchytrceus monochcetus , and my new species, Michaelsena paucispina. These species differ but slightly from M. subtilis Ude, the differences referring only to the number of missing setae. In M. paucispina the setae are entirely absent on the anterior three somites, and in all the other anterior somites only two ventral setae are found in each somite. In some of the posterior somites there are four setae in each somite. In Enchytrceus monochcetus a further reduction has taken place, as there are no setae in the anterior five so- mites. Then follow other somites with only ventral setae, while the majority of somites seem to possess four rows of single setae. In M. subtilis another step in the reduction has been taken, and we find in this species only ventral setae in somite IV, V and VI. In all the other somites the setae are absent. I cannot see how we could very well in- clude one of the above species in the genus and exclude the others. So far as known there are no characteristics of sufficient importance to separate these three species in different genera. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 1. Michaelsena subtilis Ude. Setae found only in somites IV, V and VT, and here only two pairs corresponding to the ventral fascicles. Size 5 to 6 mm. 2. M, monochceta (Michaelsen). The anterior four or five somites without any setae. The following few somites possess only single ventral setae, while all the other somites possess four single seta, each setae corresponding to single fascicle. Length 7 mm., width .25 mm. 3. M. paucispina sp. nov. Somites I, II and III without setae. All other anterior somites with two ventral setae, each seta corresponding to a fasci- cle. The posterior somites with four setae each, each seta corresponding to a fascicle. Length 7 mm., width .2 mm. It may be noted that all the three species seem to be marine forms, occurring along the seashore among seaweeds. 74 EISEN MICHAELSENA PAUCISPINA sp. nov. Text-fig. 43. Definition. — Length 7 mm., width .2 mm. Somites 45. Setae absent in somites I to III; in somites IV to XIII no lateral setae present, but each of these somites, except VIII and XII, possesses two ventrally located setae, each corresponding to the ventral fascicles. Commencing with somite XIV, all the posterior somites contain 4 setae each, each seta corresponding to a ventral or lateral fascicle. In the last quarter of the body the setae gradually increase in size in such a manner that the setae in the last ten somites are twice as thick and a trifle longer than the anterior setae. Setae are straight, pointed with a swelling at the center. Prostomium large, rounded. Head-pore small, between prostomium and I. Septal glands in IV to VII. Dorsal vessel seems to rise in XV. Clitellum distinct, in XII and XIII . No sexual papillae . Color pale yellow. Locality. — Santa Barbara, Cali- fornia (seashore), Prof. H. P. John- son of the University of California. A single specimen, preserved on a microscopical slide. Characteristics. — The nature of the single specimen did not allow any dissection, and it was thought best not to attempt sectioning. This explains the want of knowledge of any of the interior structures. The species differs from M. monochceta Michaelsen by its lighter color and by the absence of lateral setae in the somites anterior to clitellum. The two species are, however, most closely related. Spermathecce . — Judging alone from optical view of the body, the spermatheca appears to possess a long narrow duct, at the base of which are a few glands. The ampulla seems to be very large and deltoid, projecting downward somewhat in the manner represented in the figure. No other details can be added. Subfamily L UMBRICILLIN^E. With the exception of Stercutus and Bucholzia the structure of the penial bulb is rather uniform and varies but little in the various genera. FlG. 43. Mickaelsena faucispina. ENCHYTR^EID^E 75 In the two genera mentioned the structure is not known, and these genera are only placed in this subfamily on account of their similarity in other respects to the better known genera. The variability of the structure of the setae is best known in Bryodrilus and Henlca, where some species possess straight setae while in others they are curved. The genus Henlea is particularly variable, containing species in which the setae resemble all the three forms — Lumbricillide, Enchytraeide and Fridericia. Genus Lumbricillus Oerst. Definition. — Setae sigmoid, arranged in fan-shaped fascicles. Head-pore small, situated between prostomium and peristomium. Brain generally deeply emarginated posteriorly. Ventral sexual glands around the ventral ganglion generally present. Blood red or yellow. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum. No cardiac gland. No peptonephridia. Testes multi-lobed, each lobe capped by a small sperm-sac. Sperm-ducts comparatively narrow. Penial bulb without inner muscular strands, containing only numerous glands of various kinds, some of which may open into the basal part of the sperm-duct. No atrium and no glands outside of the penial bulb. Nephridia with entire postseptal and with an anteseptal which consists merely of the nephrostome. To the definition of this genus by Michaelsen I have added the points concerning the testes and the nephridia. The fact that the testes are capped by small sperm-sacs has, I believe, not been previ- ously noted. The small anteseptal, consisting of only a nephrostome, is probably characteristic of this genus, though it is also found in some other genera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Nephridia. — The nephridia in Lumbricillus are quite distinct as regards the anteseptal part. In all the species which I have investi- gated, as well as in all which I have seen figured, the anteseptal part consists of merely the nephrostome. The postseptal is divided into two parts, the lobe and the duct. The lobe is generally, if not always, broad and disc-like and the duct is short. The postseptal lobe is fre- quently furnished with granules or with bladder-like elevations near the anteseptal. In the majority of species of Marionina the anteseptal is large, resembling the Fridericia and Henlea type, while the Lum- bricillus type is also seen in Enchytrceus. Even the postseptal part of the Eumbricillide nephridium is characterized by its flatness and by its more or less circular outline. y6 EISEN Penial bulb. — The penial bulb in Lumbricillus differs in structure from that of Mesenchytrceus and Enchytrceus, but resembles that found in the other genera so far as known. The bulb consists of an exterior capsule of muscle strands. Inside the capsule we find one or more kinds of glands, which radiate from the base of the bulb towards the periphery. These glands are all single cells, each one of which is separate from those nearest, each one opening separately around the penial pore. Some species possess glands which open in the lower part of the sperm-duct, inside the bulb and close to the pore (pi. xin, fig. i). It is probable that this latter structure may be found in all the species, and that it is characteristic of the genus. Sperm-sacs and testes. — As has been already stated in a previous paper (Eisen 1900), each separate lobe of the testes is capped by a small sperm-sac. This arrangement is also found in Ocnerodrilus occidentalis^ but not in the other species of Ocnerodrilus, which led me to separate O. occidentalis as a special subgenus. The testes in the various species differ from each other to some extent, but not sufficiently to furnish species characteristics of any practical use. The spermatogonia of the testes separate and fall into the small sperm-sacs and there undergo their further development into sperma- tozoa. Spermatophores are not known in this genus. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF LUMBRICILLUS DESCRIBED IN THIS PAPER. I. SPERMATHKCA WITH A SINGLE ROSETTE OF GLANDULAR CELLS AT BASE. These cells do not extend upward on the stalk or on the main part of the spermatheca, but enter the lower part of the spermatheca about ten to fifteen cells high. The lower half of the spermatheca enlarged and pouch-shaped. Ventral glands in XIV and XV, ventral and slightly lateral i. L. santceclarce sp. nov. II. SPERMATHECA COVERED WITH GLANDS ALONG THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF THE DUCT, BESIDES POSSESSING A ROSETTE OF GLANDS AT THE BASE. Brain distinctly emarginate posteriorly. Spermatheca with a distinct narrow duct uniting the ampulla with the pore. Glands covering the duct increas- ing in length toward the base. Ventral glands in XIV, XV, XVI, and XVII, the glands of equal size 2. L. merriamisp. nov. Brain truncate posteriorly. Spermathecal duct long, but the ampulla very small and hardly differentiated exteriorly. Ventral glands of large size in XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII and XIX 3. L. annulatus sp. nov. Brain emarginated posteriorly. Spermathecal ampulla large, with a distinct duct leading to the pore. Glands covering the duct of even size, not broader toward the base. Ventral glands in XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, and XVII. Nephridia with glandular zone near the nephrostome...4. L. ritteri sp. nov. III. SPERMATHECA WITHOUT DISTINCT GLANDULAR COLLAR AT BASE, but with a continuous covering of glands from top of duct to base, the glands gradu- ally increasing in size toward the base. Spermathecal ampulla globular. Ventral glands in XIV, XV, and XVI, in- creasing in size posteriorly ; ventral, lateral, and dorsal. 5. L. franciscanus sp. nov. ENCHYTR^EID^E 77 £ LUMBRICILLUS SANT^CLAR^E sp. nov. pi. xin, figs. 3 and 4 ; text-figs. 44-46. Definition. — Length 8 to 12 mm., width .5 mm. Somites about 50. Setae slightly sigmoid, averaging one more in the ventral than in the lateral fascicles. Ventrals 6, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 ; laterals 6, 7, 6, 6, 4, 3, 3. Head-pore large, between prostomium and somite I. Head blunt and rounded. Clitellum not prominent, XII and XIII. Copu- lative papilla? small. Septal glands thick and compact, septal part about equal to interseptal part. Brain about 30 units long and 1 2 units broad (at center) , and strongly emarginated posteriorly. Dor- sal vessel rises in XIV. Intestine gradual- ly widening. Spermathecae with a thick duct distinct from the ampulla. A thin ring of glands at the base of the duct. Sperm-ducts thin, confined to somite XII. Sperm-funnels slightly more than three times as long as wide, curved. Penial bulb round, small. Testes multi-lobed. Ovisac not extending posterior to clitellum. Ventral glands in XIV and XV. Nephridia thick, with a min- ute anteseptal and a thick postseptal from the posterior end of which the thick duct projects. Locality. — Banks of Santa Clara Creek, San Mateo County, Cali- fornia. Characteristics. — The prominent feature in this species is the shape of the spermatheca and the very thin disc of glands at its base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Three specimens were dissected and three sectioned, one of them transversely. As none of the specimens had been properly fixed, no attempt is made to describe the finer structure. Length. — The specimens at my disposal varied somewhat as re- gards length, some being not over 8 mm., while others were 12 mm. The somites varied between 45 and 55, the most mature specimens being the largest. Setce vary to the extent that in some specimens the anterior ventral bundles possess one more seta than in other specimens. Thus I have once counted as high as nine seize in one or two of the bundles. The setae are of rather uniform size in each bundle. FIG. 44. Lumbricillus santceclarce. 78 EISEN Prostomium and front of the head are blunt or rounded and much bent downward. The mouth is well down on the ventral side. The body-wall is thin and transparent in glycerin specimens, and the inner organs can be fairly well seen. There is but a slight depression be- tween the somites, and the body is smooth and glossy. Serial glands . — There are septal glands in IV, V and VI. The septal part attached to the pos- terior septum is thick and not lobed, with even out- line, and, seen in a longi- tudinal section of the body, this septal part is as wide and of the same ^ jflfflffiHIWS? FIG. 45. Lumbricillus saniceclarce. general shape as the in- terseptal lobe which lies free in the middle of the somite. There are no salivary glands. The brain (fig. 44) is remarkable for its length. In the most elon- gated the length is about thirty units, while the width at the center is only twelve units. The posterior margin is deeply emarginated and the two lobes show some slight secondary lobing(fig. 44). There are two lateral mus- cles, and each central lobe is attached by two muscu- lar strands. Spermathecce. — A con- traction at the middle di- vides the ampulla proper from the more muscular duct. Both parts of about equal size and bent to- ward each other in a knee- like manner. The glands FIG. 46. Lumbrtctllus santcedarce. at the base in the shape of a thin even disc, saucer-shaped, with the concavity toward the intestine. The connection with the intestine wide and reflexed. The form of the spermathecae varies but slightly in the specimens dissected. ENCHYTR^EID^E 79 Sperm-ducts thin and very much coiled, confined to the anterior part of somite XII. The funnels slender and the ciliated mouth turned dorsally. In the upper part of the penial bulb the sperm-duct is thick and muscular, but at the center or below the center the duct becomes thin and loses its muscularity. The glandular cells ot the bulb are of two kinds. One kind is confined to a thin lining of the sperm-duct proper (pi. xui, fig. 3) . The other kind consists of the regular penial glands which open on the surface of the penial papilla. Testes. — The lobes of the testes are oblong pear-shaped, and 8 to 10 in number. In the sectioned specimens the testes were in degen- eration and only one or two lobes were seen. Intestine is covered with a thin layer of chloragogen glands. Ventral glands (pi. xin, fig. 4). — There are two cellular accumu- lations on the ventral ganglion, one in XIV and the other in XV. They are both of the same size. Seen in cross-section they are found to be many times wider than the ganglion, but do not rise much above its general level. Nephridia. — There are at least three rows of nuclei. The inner duct is more densely wound at the neck near the anteseptal than in the posterior part of the lobe. The figure (fig. 46) gives a general idea of the windings ; the boundaries of the cells could, however, not be made out. Lymphocytes. — None of the specimens contained any lymphatic cells in the anterior part of the body, the only part which was sec- tioned. Nor could I find any in the dissected specimens. LUMBRICILLUS MERRIAMI sp. nov. pi. xn, fig. 5 ; text-figs. 47 and 48. Definition. — Length about 12 mm., width .6 mm. Somites 55 to 62. Body transparent, the anterior somites dorsally hardly distinguish- able. Prostomium blunt and rounded. Setae : laterals, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4> 3> 3* 3» 3^ 3> 4> 3> 2> 2i 2> 2 ? ventrals, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 4, °> 4> 3 > 3» 3> 3» 3' 3- Head-pore between prostomium and I. Sexual papillae small, but distinct. Clitellum XI £ XIV, not prominent. Septal glands in IV to VII. Brain almost square or a little longer than broad, posteriorly deeply emarginated, anteriorly slightly convex. Spermathecae with large basal gland rosette and with the stalk pyram- idally covered with glands. Apical ampulla small and conical, about one-third of the whole spermatheca. Sperm-ducts only about twice as long as the funnel, narrow. Funnel about three times as long as wide, with small recurved collar. Penial bulb comparatively large, EISEN about one-half to one-third shorter than the funnel. Testes large, fill- ing the whole somite, and consisting of from 12 to 15 lobes, each lobe consisting of about three secondary lobes, each of which terminates in a sperm-cap. Ovaries pluri-lobed, smaller than the testes. Ventral glands all of the same size, about six times as wide as the ventral ganglion, situated in XIV to XVII. Nephridia with small anteseptal consisting alone of the nephrostome. The anterior part of the post- septal is cov- ./ ) ered by wart- like eleva- tions, under whichtheduct is much twist- ed ; no warty elevations in the posterior part of the postseptal ; stalk short and thick ; duct narrow and difficult to follow. Lymphocytes FIGS. 47 AND 48. Lumbrtcilltis mern'ami. variable, ovoid, more or less pointed. Color of formalin specimens decidedly gray. The body is smooth and rather glossy. Locality. — Metlakatla, Alaska, June 4, 1899, Prof. W. E. Ritter. Under decaying seaweeds. A single specimen from Popof Island, col- lected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid. The species is named for Dr. C. Hart Merriam. Characteristics. — The specimens which apparently had been placed directly in the formalin solution had not contracted sufficiently to show any deep intersegmental grooves. This characteristic made it easy to pick out the species from others collected at the same time and in the same locality. The intersegmental grooves between the first few anterior somites are dorsally so shallow that it is with difficulty that the somites can be distinguished one from the other. Setce. — In the majority of fascicles the setae diminish toward one side, but while in some the diminution is toward the ventral interval, in others it is toward the lateral interval, following apparently no con- stant rule. ENCHYTR^EID^E 8l Spermathecce (pi. xn, fig. 5). — The apical ampulla small and tapers toward the intestine ; the entrance to the intestine not at the apex, but nearer the base of the ampulla. LUMBRICILLUS MERRIAMI ELONGATUS var. nov. pi. xn, fig. 6 ; test-fig. 49. Definition. — Brain less emarginated posteriorly, slightly longer and narrower than the species. The ampulla of the spermatheca is about equal to the glandular duct. There is about one more seta in the majority of the fasci- ^ — \ V__— -/ — \ cles than in the species. Testes with about ten lobes. Sperm-funnel shorter and more globular than in the species. Locality. — Metlakatla, June 4, 1899. Found under seaweed together with the spe- cies. LUMBRICILLUS ANNULATUS sp. nov. FIG. 49. Lumbricillus mer- pl. xviii, fig. i ; text-fiers. ?o-?2. . . , rtamt elongatus. Definition. — Length about 12 mm., width about .75 mm. at clitellum, from which point the body strongly tapers toward each extremity. Somites about 56. Setae : laterals, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, etc. ; ventrals, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 7, 9, 8, 7? 7? o, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, etc. Prostomium slightly poted. Except for the first few somites the intersegmental grooves are very deep. Clitellum £ XI £ XIV. Sexual papillae not large, but still quite prom- inent. Septal glands in IV to VII. Brain with a slight emargination posteriorly ; the lateral retractor muscles are unusually broad at their attachment to the brain. Dorsal vessel rises in from XVI to XIV. In- testine covered with a thin layer of chloragogen cells ; in XII this layer consists of very few and very small cells. Spermathecae with basal collar of glands and with a thick layer of glandular cells extending to the apex of the ampulla ; the latter is hardly differentiated. Sperm- ducts short and narrow. Sperm-funnels about twice as long as broad, and about one-third longer than the penial bulb. The penial bulb con- tains three different kinds of long, narrow cells. Ovaries in XII much lobed. Testes in XI penetrate the septum into X, partly filling that so- mite. Ventral glands of large size in XIV to XIX, small ones not pro- jecting beyond the ganglion and only perceptible in sections, in III to X. Nephridia with anteseptal consisting only of the nephrostome ; rounded, 82 EISEN thick and rugose postseptal body and short postseptal duct. Lym- phocytes variable, irregularly ovoid, with filamentous ends. Color deep gray. Locality. — Metlakatla, Alaska, June 4, 1899 (under seaweed); also Orca, Prince William Sound. Characteristics. — This species and L. merriami were contained in the same bottle and must have come from the same locality and lived a FIG. 50. Lumbricillus annulatus. under the same conditions. From L. merriami this species could be readily distinguished by its deep intersegmental grooves, which give the body a decidedly annulated appearance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Sexual papillce. — They are prominently projecting in all the speci- mens in the collection. The structure of the penial bulb differs little or not at all from that found in other species, except in so far as the bulb seems to be capable of being greatly protruded. Septal glands. — These glands, which are of large size, are clus- tered around the septa separating somites IV/V, V/VI and VI/VII. Brain. — This organ varies considerably as regards width. Two figures are given of the extremes found by dissection. ENCHYTR^EID^E Nephridia. — These organs are covered thickly with small bladder- like elevations to the extent that the inner ducts cannot be followed. There are no special granulations on the main body near the nephro- stome. The inner duct seems to be wide. Setae. — In the majority of the fascicles, both the ventral and the lateral ones, the setae next to the lateral inter- val are the smallest. In each fascicle the majority of the setae are of about the same length. Spermathecce (fig. 50, a). — The whole duct, up to the very connection with the intestine, is covered with glandular cells grouped in pap- illae-like bunch- es, giving to the spermatheca an uneven and warty outline. The basal glan- dular collar has, however, a perfectly even outline, and the outline of the various cell-groups do not in the least project exterior to the general margin of the collar. The cells in the collar are somewhat narrower than those in the envelope of the duct. The chamber of the ampulla, which is full of spermatozoa, is entirely confined to the lumen of the duct and does not cause a bulging out as in some other species. Ventral glands. — As has been stated in the definition, large ventral glands are found in XIV to XIX. These posterior glands are of about FlG. 51. Lumbricillus annulatus. EISEN the same size — about one and a half to two and a half times as wide as the diameter of the ventral nerve cord. They are wing-like and do not bend over the ganglion but stand out laterally. In the anterior somites from XI to II, cross -sections show that the large dark stain- ing cells, which form an integral part of the ganglion, and which do not project outside of the ganglionic lining, send down ducts through the body -wall and through the epidermis in exactly the same manner as do the ventral glands posterior to the clitellum. The only difference seems to be that the anterior cells in question are smaller and fewer in number and confined to a much smaller space. Posterior to the cli- tellum the area perforated by the ducts is equal to about one-half the length of the somite, while in the anterior somites the area is perhaps only one-fifth of the length of the somite. There is probably no great functional differ- ence between the two sets of cells. Lumbricillus annu- latus from Orca. — The specimens from Orca differ in a few slight particulars from those from Metlakatla. FIG. 52. Lumbricillus annulatus. The spermathecae are slightly longer and without any trace of an inner chamber for the reception of the spermatozoa. The color is pure milky white. The prostomium is more rugose and somewhat more pointed than in the specimens from Metlakatla. In other respects the specimens from the two localities resemble each other. The size and shape of the glands lining the duct of the spermathecse vary almost indefinitely. In some specimens the agglomerations are small and far from each other, in other specimens they are large and crowd one another. LUMBRICILLUS RITTERI sp. nov. pi. xin, figs. 5-9; text-figs. 53 and 54. Definition. — Length 25 mm. or less, width 2.5 mm. or less. Somites about 60. Prostomium rounded and short. Somite II narrow. Setae typical : ventral, 9, 8, 9, 9, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, o (XII) , 5> 5» 5» 5» 5> 7» 5i 5» etc- J other specimen : ventral, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 7, o (XII), 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, etc. ; lateral, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, ENCHYTR^EID^E 85 5, 6, 5, o (XII), 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, etc. ; second specimen : lateral, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, o (XII), 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, etc. Clitellum well marked. \ XI, XII, and XIII. Sexual papillae small. Septal glands typical. Brain almost square or slightly oblong, posteriorly almost straight with a shallow emargination, the anterior arms thick. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum. Spermathecae with a thick apical ampulla and with a narrow duct, which is covered both at its base and all along its sides with accessory glands ; the ampulla connects with the intestine. Sperm-ducts narrow, coiled in XL Sperm-funnels thick and curved. Penial bulb oblong. Testes large, with many lobes capped by comparatively large sperm-sacs. Ovaries multilobed, large. FlGS. 53 AND 54. Lumbricillus ritleri. Ventral glands in XIII to XVII, the individual glands being compara- tively small, about four or five times as wide as the ganglion. Ne- phridia with short anteseptal, posterior to which is the thick, opaque, granulated neck of the main nephridial body. Color of formalin specimens white, clitellum pink. Locality. — Farragut Bay, Alaska, June 5, 1889, Prof. W. E. Ritter. Characteristics. — The spermathecae, the brain, and the ventral glands are all characteristic of the species. The spermathecae possess glands not only at the base, but also along the muscular duct. Testes. — Testes large and completely fill the somites in which they are situated. Consist of some twenty to twenty-five lobes each, each 86 EISEN lobe being narrow, of rather even thickness, and at the apex capped by the usual sperm-sac. Ovaries multi-lobed, large, occupying all the available space in somite XII. Ventral glands (fig. 53, c). — The glands in the respective somites of nearly equal size ; the most anterior one the smallest and the fourth in order the largest. The individual glands smaller than in L. fran- ciscanus and in L. santceclarce . Setae. — The number of setae in the fascicles seems to be variable. Of the two counts given the higher number is the most common. LUMBRICILLUS FRANCISCANUS sp. nov. pi. xin, figs, i and 2 ; text-figs. 55-57. Definition. — Length 10 to 12 mm., width .75 mm. Somites 39 to 58. Setae : ventrals, 6, 5, 4, 3 ; laterals, 4, 3, 3, 2. The lateral interval about double the width of the ventral interval. The setae in each bundle of nearly equal size. Head-pore large, between prosto- mium and somite I. Prostomium round, blunt. Clitellum XII and XIII. Copulative papilla small. Septal glands in IV to VI. Brain strongly emarginated posteriorly, about thirty units long by fifteen wide at center. Dorsal vessel rises in XIV or XV. Intestine with a thin layer of chloragogen cells. Spermatheca with an oval ampulla and a thin straight duct, the latter surrounded along its whole length by a conical shaped agglomeration of glands. Sperm-ducts thin and long. Sperm-funnels about twice as FIG. 55. Lumbrictllus franciscanus. long as thick. Ventral glands in somites XIV, XV and XVI, in- creasing in size posteriorly. Ovaries in XII, testes in XI. The testes lobes are short, rounded, pear-shaped. Nephridia are longer than broad. Lymphocytes oval, varying considerably as regards size. Locality. — Santa Clara River, California, in the moist soil of the banks. Characteristics. — The species is distinguished principally by the form of the spermatheca and the glands at the base. In P. santa- ENCHYTR^EID^E 87 clarce these glands are in the form of a thin disk and confined to the very base of the spermatheca, while in this species the glands extend all the way up to the pouch. The species is also characterized by its many ventral glands, these being present in three somites. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Somites. — There is a great variation in the number of somites, the smallest adult worms possessing only 39, while the largest one had as many as 58. As I did not possess a sufficient number of the smaller size I must leave it to the future to ascertain whether perchance there are other differences between the larger and the smaller specimens. FIGS. 56 AND 57. Lumbricillus franciscanus. Septal glands . — These are thick and rounded, and the septal part is about equal to the interseptal part. Dorsal vessel has already risen in XVI. How much further it ex- tends posteriorly I do not know, as I did not section further. In that somite it is large and covered with long chloragogen glands. Similar glands also surround the intestine throughout its length. Spermathecce (fig. 56). — The ampulla is rounded, oval, or sometimes a little pointed. The opening connecting with the intestine is not at the apex but a little below it. The walls of the ampulla are thin. The duct is straight, cylindrical, and of even thickness. It is covered along its whole length with glands which are much longer at the base of the spermatheca than at the junction with the ampulla. The duct and ampulla are of about the same length. 88 EISEN Sperm-ducts are thin, long, and much coiled, and confined to so- mite XII. The funnels are thicker than in L. santceclarce, and also shorter. The penial bulb is globular. The sperm-duct enters on the outer side and remains free inside the bulb for a considerable distance. Only the lower fourth is covered with long and thin glands (pi. xm, fig. i). There are also two sets of penial glands opening close to the sperm-duct, but enclosed in the penial bulb. In L. santczclarce the glands cover the sperm-ducts along three-fourths of their entire length inside the penial bulb. Testes are strongly racemose and the lobes are rounded and pear- shaped. The lobes are more rounded and less pointed than in L. santceclarce. Each lobe is covered with its own sperm-sac. Ventral glands. — This species possesses ventral glands attached to the ventral ganglion in each one of somites XIV to XVI. The glands are larger, increasing posteriorly, and extend far out into the coelom (pi. xm, fig. 2), being four to five times as long as the ganglion is wide. In the posterior one of these somites the glands enclose the ganglion almost completely. Lymphocytes. — These do not exist in all specimens. Thus the specimen sectioned did not contain any lymphocytes, while in a dis- sected one there were many. Nephridia. — The duct very thick and comparatively short, varies considerably in the respective nephridia. There may be segregated two types, one with thick duct, and one in which the duct is narrower and also a little longer. LUMBRICILLUS FRANCISCANUS BOREALIS var. nov. Text-fig. 58. Definition. — Length 15 mm., width 1.25 mm., all contracted speci- mens. Somites 62. Seta? sigmoid, the outer one in the ventral fascicles and the inner one in the lateral fascicles much smaller than the other : laterals, 4, 5, 5, 5, XIII, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3 ; ventrals, 6, 7, 7, 7, XIII, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3. Head-pore between prostomium and somite I. Clitellum XII and XIII. Copulative papilla small. Salivary glands large, IV to VI. Brain almost square, broader anteriorly; anteriorly slightly emarginated, posteriorly considerably emarginated. Spermatheca with a duct and an ovoid ampulla, the former surrounded along its whole length with glands, broadening toward the base. Sperm-ducts nar- row, confined to somite XII. Sperm-funnels broad and slightly curved. Penial papilla more oblong than in the species. The lobes of the testes are oblong, pear-shaped, with rounded sperm-sacs. Ven- ENCHYTR^EID^E 89 tral glands in XIII, XIV and XV, those in the last two much larger than the one in XIII. The glands are larger than in the species. Nephridia with a thick duct. The middle lobe with slightly lobed margin. Color pale yellowish white (alcoholic specimens) . Locality. — Two mature and three immature specimens from St. Paul Island, Pribilof group, Alaska, Prof. Trevor Kincaid (August). FIG. 58. Lumbricillus franciscanus borealis. Characteristics. — The principal differences between this variety and the species are as follows : The ventral glands are considerably larger in the variety. The setae in the species are of about equal size in the same fascicle. In the variety L. borealis the inner setae in the lateral fascicles and the outer seta in the ventral fascicles are markedly smaller than the other setae in the same fascicle. The width of the vari- ety is about twice that of the species. The ventral anterior fascicles contain one more seta in the variety. LUMBRICILLUS FRANCISCANUS UNALASK^ var. nov. Text-fig. 59. Definition. — Length 17 mm., width 1.2 mm. Somites 72. Setae sigmoid, all of the same size in fascicle : ventrals, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, o (XIII), 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3 ; laterals, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3 (XIII), 2, 3, 3, 3, 3. Brain square, posteriorly truncate, ante- 90 EISEN riorly slightly emarginate. Color bright ochraceous yellow (alcoholic specimens). Ventral glands very large (but not as large as in L. franciscanus var. borealis}, in XIII and XIV. Lymphocytes large, oval, pointed, numerous. In other respects sim- ilar to the species. Distribution. — Unalaska, Prof. Trevor Kin- caid (September). Characteristics. — The squareness of the brain and the fact that all the setas are of the same 6> 4» °> 5> 4> 5> 4» 3> 4» 5» etc- 5 laterals, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, o, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, etc. Head-pore small between prostomium and somite I. Dorsal pores ( ?) in II, III and IV. Clitellum dorsally XII and XIII, ventrally XII, £ XIII. Sexual papilla? distinct. Septal glands in IV to VI. Dorsal vessel rises in XII. Intestine gradually increasing in size ; no diverticles. Spermathecai large, with narrow, strongly muscular duct and a wider ampulla, which is continued as a narrow thin- walled duct until its junction with the intestine in VT/VII. Sperm-ducts narrow and long. Sperm-funnels about three times as long as wide. Penial bulb with two kinds of glandular cells opening into the sperm-duct and around the pore. No ovisacs. Ventral glands in X (and perhaps in XI). Nephridia with large anteseptal in which the duct is coiled. Lymphocytes large, circular and disc-shaped. Color of alcoholic specimen yellow. No pigment. Locality. — Port Clarence, Alaska, Dr. Anton Stuxberg, Vega Expedition (July 26, 1878). A single specimen. Characteristics. — The form of the spermatheca, with its narrow duct connecting with the intestine, and with its three basal glands, seems fully to characterize this species. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. On account of the want of specimens for dissection, the form of the brain remains unknown. Body-wall. — The circular muscular layer consists of cells arranged on the nematode plan as described by Hesse ( i ) . The plates are set at a rather wide angle (pi. xiv, fig. 2). 92 EISEN Spermathecce (pi. xiv, figs. 3 and 4) . — The long muscular duct is covered exteriorly by parallel muscular strands. Viewed in cross, section it is seen that the strands are separated one from the other. The narrow duct of the ampulla is continued parallel to the intestine as far as the septum VII / VIII, where it enters the intestine. There are three large basal glands which enter the somewhat enlarged duct. Sperm-funnel and duct. — The funnel is about twelve times as wide as the duct. The latter is confined to somite XII. FIG. 60. Marionina alaskce. Nephridia (fig. 60) . — The anteseptal is very broad and almost as long as the main body of the postseptal. The duct is either strongly coiled in the anteseptal or forms a network of anastomosing ductules. The nephridia are somewhat variable in shape. The figures are all from nephridia posterior to clitellum. Dorsal pores. — There is considerable doubt as to the presence of the dorsal pores. Close in front of the septa of the four anterior somites there is a structure closely resembling the cells which gener- ally surround dorsal pores, but I have been unable to see the respective openings. Hence the question mark in the definition. Papillae. — There are two exterior papillae anterior to the male pores, one ventral and situated somewhat to one side of the median line in XI, the other in somite VI also slightly on one side of the median ventral line. My longitudinal sections did not show their structure. Setae. — The setae are slightly sigmoid. The ventral setae diminish in size toward the ventral interval, while the lateral setae diminish in size toward the dorsal interval. ENCHYTR^ID^E 93 MARIONINA AMERICANA sp. nov. pi. xiv, fig. i ; text-figs. 61 and 62. Definition. — Length 10 mm., width .5 mm. Somites about 50. Prostomium blunt. Setae : ventrals, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, o, 2, 4, 4, 4, etc. ; laterals, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, etc. Head-pore immediately in front of the groove between prostomium and somite I. Clitellum small, XII and XIII. Sexual papillae small, cylindrical, truncate. Brain posteriorly slightly emar- ginate ; posteriorly much broader than anteriorly. Dorsal vessel rises posterior to clitellum. In- testine with few and thin chlo- ragogen cells. Spermathecae consist of a narrow and com- paratively long duct, and a short and wide ampulla furnished with two short diverticles ; the am- pulla does not seem to connect with the intestine. The penial bulb contains two kinds of gland- ular cells, one kind being more granular and staining more deeply than the other. Sperm- duct narrow and coiled, confined to XII and XI. Testes entire, but covered by a cap-like sperm-sac confined within XI. No ovisac. No ventral glands. Lymphocytes large, round- e^' disk-like. Color pale, without pig- ment. Locality. — Port Clarence, Alaska, Dr. Anton Stuxberg, Vega Expedition (July 23 to 27, 1879). A single specimen. Characteristics. — The single specimen FIG. 62. Marioninaamericana. being in a P°°r state of Preservation pre- vented any detailed investigation. The anterior part of the worm was sectioned transversely. The nephridia are not in a sufficient state of preservation to allow their finer struc- ture to be satisfactorily studied. The spermatheca is distinctly char- acteristic of the species. Setce. — The setae of the ventral fascicles diminish in size toward the ventral interval, while those of the lateral fascicles diminish toward Marionina americana. 94 EISEN the dorsal interval. The setae are slightly sigmoid. An immature specimen, found in the same vial and possibly belonging to the same species, possessed an average of one more seta in each fascicle. Genus Bryodrilus Ude. Definition. — Setae sigmoid. Head-pore between prostomium and somite I. No dorsal pores. Esophagus gradually emerging into the intestine. Blood colorless. Dorsal vessel rises in the clitellum ; with or without cardiac gland. Peptonephridia rudimental. Testes solid. No sexual ventral glands. Spermathecae connected with the intestine. Penial bulb without interior muscular strands. Intestine with four diverticles in somite VIII. Nephridia with branched inner duct. Penial bulb. — The penial bulb in the present species of Bryodrilus is built on the same principle as in Fridericia and Lumbricillus though it is somewhat more complicated, as will be described more in detail under the species. Here it is sufficient to point out that there are two sets of glands, one opening into the sperm-duct, the other in small depressions on the base of the bulb. Nephridia. — They are of the Enchytraus type but the ducts are more complicated, being much branched (at least in one species) . The anteseptal consists of a mere nephrostome. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF BRYODRILUS. Setae distinctly sigmoid, 3-5 in each fascicle. Brain posteriorly convex. i. B. e/ilersiUde. Setae indistinctly sigmoid, 2 in each fascicle. Brain posteriorly emarginate. 2. B. udei sp. nov. BRYODRILUS UDEI sp. nov. pi. xii, figs. 1-4; text-fig. 63. Definition. — Length 25 mm., width 1.25 mm., somites 56, or length 25 mm., width .75 mm., somites 75. Seta almost straight and short ; in couples ; eight in each somite. Head-pore between somite I and prostomium. Clitellum dorsally and ventrally XI, XII and XIII. Copulatory papilla distinct, and rounded or truncate, with a longi- tudinal slit at apex. Ovipores elevated. Septa not thickened. Septal glands in IV to VI. Salivary glands (?) rudimentary. Brain slightly longer than wide, emarginated both anteriorly and posteriorly. Dorsal vessel originates in XII and is furnished with a cardiac gland. In- testine with a thin layer of chloragogen cells. Four intestinal diverti- cles in VIII connecting with the intestine at the posterior septum. Spermathecae without diverticles, grown together at apex and opening through a common duct into the intestine. Sperm-ducts very narrow, ENCHYTR^EID^E 95 confined to somite XII. Funnels large, longer than wide, in XI. No sperm-sacs and no ovisacs. No prostates, but small and numerous penial glands confined by the peritoneum and the penial bulb. No ventral glands. Ovaries in XII and testes in XI. Nephridia with a short anteseptal, a rectangular central lobe, and a long duct. Lym- phocytes round, flat, about one-third the width of the short diameter of the nephridium. Locality. — Port Clarence, Alaska, July 23-26, 1878. Dr. Anton Stuxberg, Vega Expedition. Characteristics. — This species is readily distinguished from the type species, B . ehlersi, by its large intestinal diverticles, its brain, which is emarginated both posteriorly and anteriorly, and by its setae, which are so short that they cannot be studied on undissected speci- mens. Their number is also characteristic, there being only two in each bundle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Size. — It is remarkable that the relative length and width should vary to such extent that with the same length some specimens are but half as wide as others. I suspected at first that I had before me two distinct species, but I am unable to distin- guish any characteristics that would ac- company the difference in size. There are in all eight specimens in the collection, two of which are thick, the others thin. One of the thick specimens was sectioned longitudinally, while of the thin ones one was sectioned transversely and one was dissected. Somites. — The body is of an even thick- ness and the somites though distinct are hardly set off from each other, the inter- segmental grooves being exceedingly shal- low. This gives the body a smooth, even, and glossy appearance. It is to be remarked that the thin speci- mens possess the largest number of somites. Setae. — The setae are not distinctly sigmoid but almost straight. They are also very short (pi. xn, fig. 30) . They begin with somite II, and are arranged in couples, there being thus eight in each somite, except in the last, where there are only four. Copulative organs. — The exterior papilla short, broad and truncate, with a longitudinal slit at the apex into which open the sperm-duct FIG. 63. Bryodrilus udei. p6 EISEN and the penial glands. Behind the papilla lies the penial bulb, en- closed and confined by the peritoneum. It is thus sharply defined toward the coelom, into which it slightly projects. The center of the bulb is occupied by the penial part of the sperm-duct, while on each side of the latter there are two groups of penial glands opening respec- tively by two pores, one in front of and one posterior to the spermi- ducal pore proper. The glands which open in the lower part of the sperm-duct inside the bulb are covered by thin strands of muscles, thus giving the appearance of a bulb within a bulb. This arrange- ment resembles that in Mesenchytrceus, but is not found in any other species of the subfamily of Lumbricillinae. But the arrangement of the glands which open in the lower part of the sperm-duct is in other respects similar to that found in the genera Henlea and Fridericia* as well as in Marionina. In Mesenchytrceus only few species pos- sess similar glands which open in the lower part of the sperm -duct, while in Lumbricillinae such glands are found in all the species exam- ined by me. No atrium and no atrial glands. The sperm-duct very narrow and repeatedly convoluted, but owing to the fact that it is con- fined to somite XII, it cannot be more than three or four times as long as the sperm-funnel. The latter is longer than broad and points for- ward, being confined to somite XI. This latter is full of spermatozoa and the septum X/XI is pushed far forward against the intestinal glands in VII. Testes solid and quite large. Spermathecce. — These organs appear to resemble those of B. ehlersi described by Ude. The duct is long, narrow and even as to thick- ness. It opens into a thin-walled sac which lies principally in VI. The two sacs are grown together and continued as a narrow duct, which at first runs parallel to the intestine and then penetrates it somewhere in somite VII, probably in the posterior part of the somite close to the septum VII/VIII. The spermathecae open exteriorly, as usual, at the opposite ends of the transverse diameter of the body. They are not accompanied by any glands. Septal glands. — These offer no particular characteristics. They are of large size and are partly attached to the septa and partly lie free in the ccelom. They open into the intestine just behind and on each side of the pharynx (pi. xn, fig. \,glri). Salivary glands. — In this species I find structures corresponding to those described by Ude in B. ehlersi as strongly rudimentary sali- vary glands. It seems to me more probable that these small compact bodies are of a ganglionic nature and not glandular. There is no duct ENCHYTR^EID^E yj and no indication of any secretion. Moreover, a part of their mass lies wholly in the septal gland and resembles greatly the structure which Michaelsen (3) has described as ganglionic in the septal glands of Mesenchytraus setosus. In B. udei these ganglia are oblong or pear-shaped and lie close together on the dorsal median line just be- hind the pharynx. Posteriorly they extend into the septal glands, while anteriorly they continue forward into two fibrillar bands, which I take to stand in connection with the main nervous system. These structures do not resemble the peptonephridia of the other genera. Brain very different from that of B. ehlerst. The posterior margin is emarginated and the brain is slightly longer than broad. Dorsal vessel, just as in B. ehlersi, rises in somite XII from a fold in the intestine, and does not in any way connect with the intestinal diverticles. There is a heavy blood sinus in the gut in somite V. Intestine. — The most interesting part of the intestine is the four diverticles situated in VII. In Ude's original paper ('93) the diver- ticles of the species are described by him as being situated in VII, but in a later ('95 ) and more elaborate paper this is corrected to VI. In my specimens of B. udei it is not easy to decide upon the somite contain- ing the diverticles, as the tender septa are somewhat ruffled on account of sand in the intestine, but I am certain that they cannot be referred to VI. They are either in VII or in VIII, more probably in VIII. The diverticles are larger than in Ude's species and differ also from it in originating in the posterior part of the somite near the posterior sep- tum. They project forward, being parallel with the intestine and are grown together with the gut in VI, but do not open into it. The diverticles are wider than the intestine between them and of the same structure. They are arranged latero-dorsally and latero-ventrally. Their inner epithelium is in places much thicker, and is everywhere ciliated. Lymphocytes. — These are large, flat, circular or slightly oval, and about one-third as wide as the nephridia. Nephridia. — There are two forms, one with a kind of posterior fold almost separated from the rest, and one with only one rectangular fold. The duct is long, while the anteseptal is very short, consisting merely of the nephrostome. Postseptal duct projects from posterior end. Habits. — The label contains no notes as regards the habits of this worm, but the intestine contained fragments of moss and much sand, and there is every reason to suppose that the habits are terrestrial. 98 EISEN Genus Henlea Michaelsen. Definition. — Setae variable (like Fridericia or Lumbricillus} . Head-pore small, situated between prostomium and somite I. No dorsal pores. Esophagus narrow and suddenly merges into the intestine. Intestinal diverticles generally present. Dorsal vessel rises anterior to the clitellum. Blood colorless. Lymphocytes large, disc shaped. Brain posteriorly emarginated. Nephridia generally with large anteseptal. Spermathecae generally without diverticles. Sperm- ducts comparatively narrow and long. Penial bulb without interior muscular strands {Lumbricillus bulb). Chylus cells in the intestine in the vicinity of clitellum. Affinities. — The genus Henlea as now established is undoubtedly nearest related to Bryodrilus. Both genera agree in the most remark- able variation in the various organs. The only real distinction be- tween the two genera lies in the origin of the dorsal vessel. In both genera we find a variation in the form and comparative length of the setae. These may be either sigmoid (Z,umZ>ricz7lus-shaped) , straight (J5ncfiytr »5c, 5d, $e and tsf. Spermatophores in various stages of develop- ment. (134) H.A.E. VOL XII PLATE IV. alyL QUSTAV EISEH.DEL ENCHYTRXEID/E MESENCHYTRffiUS SETCHELLI, 1, 2, 3. MESENCHYTFUEUS FRANCISCANUS. 4. 5. PLATE V. Mesenchytrcsus maculatus sp. nov. FIG. I. Nephridium. 2. Penial bulb and chamber, from a transverse section of the body. 3. Nephrostome, side view. 4. Anterior somites, side view. The large white shield is an unpig- mented field surrounding the spermathecal pore. 5 Atrium, just outside of the penial bulb, from a cross-section of the body. Only two of the atrial gland fascicles are partly delineated. Their ducts are seen to open into chambers situated between the epithelial cells. These pockets are filled with eosinophil granula- tions from the glands. (136) H.AE. VOLXII. PLATE V. BUSTAVE1SEH.DEL LITH BRITTON ENCHYTR/EID/E MESENCHYTRSUS MACULATUS. 1, 2. 3. 4, 5. PLATE VI. Mesenchytrceus obscurus sp. nov. FIG. I. Section through the spermathecal somite, illustrating the relative size of the spermathecae. Section passes through only one of the spermathecae. 2. Section through the body-wall of the male-pore, at.gl., atrial glands scattered irregularly all around the atrium and opening into its inner chamber; atr., atrium and sperm-ducts; p.blb., penial bulb; f.gl., penial glands inside the penial bulb, opening at the pore ; sfd., sperm-duct connecting ultimately with the funnel. Mesenchytrceus eastivoodi sp. nov. 3. The male spermiducal apparatus. There are two atrial glands opening into the atrium close to its base and adjoining the penial bulb, atr., atrium; d. at.gl., ducts of atrial glands; at.gl., atrial glands ; f.gl., penial glands opening in the penial bulb. (138) H.AE. VOLXII. PLATE VI. SUSTAV EI3EN.DEI, ENCHYTR/tlDXE MESENCHYTR/EUS OBSCURUS, 1, 2. MESENCHYTRflSUS EASTWOODI, 3. PLATE VII. Mesenchytrceus grandis sp. nov. FIG. i. Section through the sperm-sac, ferit., peritoneum ; m., muscular layer; ef., epithelium. 2. Section through the lower part of the sperm-duct and the penial bulb, at.gl., prostates opening into the atrium (the ducts of the atrial glands are seen to pass down into the lower part of the sperm- duct); d.at.gl., ducts of the prostates ; fb., penial bulb ; p.gl-, penal glands (all are inside the bulb). 3, 4. Common lymphocytes. 5. Eosinophil lymphocyte. 6. Cyanophil lymphocyte. Mesenchytrceus kincaidi sp. nov. 7. Section through the body, somite xn, passing through male-pores. There is only a small penial chamber inside the bulb, but no atrium in the same sense as in some other species of this genus. There are no penial glands inside the bulb, nor are there any atrial glands opening into the sperm-ducts. Mesenchytrceus solifugus Emery. 8. Section through the penial pores and bulbs, atr., atrium of the sperm-ducts ; ac.gl., accessory glands opening at the apex of the penial papillae ; these glands do not enter the penial bulb. The black part of this figure represents the body-wall strongly charged with pigment granules. (140) H.A.E. VOL XII PLATE VII. ptrit • DUSTAV E15EN.DEL BFUTTDN * HEY: s r ENCHYTR/EID/E MESENCHYTFUCUS GRANDIS, 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, MESENCHYTFUEUS KINCAIDI. 7, MESENCHYTFUEUS SOLIFUGUS, 8. PLATE VIII. Mesenchytrceus solifugus Emery. FIG. I. Cross-section of the atrium, showing the entrance of three of the atrial glands, at.gl., atrial glands; cr.m., circular muscles sur- rounding the ducts of the atrial glands at their entrance into the atrium; d.at.gl., ducts of the atrial glands continuing into the atrium ; ep., a thick epithelial layer of cells surrounding the muscular part of the atrium. The inner large cells are strongly charged with eosinophilous granules. Similar granules are found in the atrial glands in large quantities. 2. A detail of the point of entrance of a prostate in the atrium ; longi- tudinal section. Mesenchytrceus fuscus sp. nov. 3. Anterior somites. 4. Section through the male-pore, atr., atrium; at.gl., atrial gland; spd., sperm-duct; p.gl., penial glands inside the bulb; m., muscles separating the penial glands; c.m., circular muscles surrounding the ducts of the atrial glands. 5. Cross-section of the atrium showing the entrance of one of the atrial glands and circular muscles surrounding the ducts of four other atrial glands, atr., atrium ; at.gl., atrial gland ; spd., sperm- duct ; p.gl., penial glands inside the bulb; m., muscles separating the penial glands; d.at.gl., ducts of the prostate cells. The fine ducts, or prolongations of the unicellular atrial glands, are seen as a mass surrounding the clear glandular epithelium inside the atrium. (142) PLATE VIII BUSTAV EISEM.DEL LITH .BRITTDH * HIV B ENCHYTRXEID/E MESENCHYTFWEUS SOLIFUGUS. 1, 2. MESENCHYTFUEUS FUSCUS, 3, 4, 5. PLATE IX. Mesenchytrczus penicillus sp. nov. FlG. I. Section through the somite containing the male-pore, pb., penial bulb, sagittal section; at.gl., prostates opening through the bulb into the atrium ; atr., atrium ; p.gL, penial glands inside the bulb ; sp.s., sperm-sacs; os., ovisacs. 2. The lower part of the sperm-duct with the four atrial glands opening into the atrium. Letters indicate the same as in fig. i. Mesenckytrceus pedatus sp. nov. 3. Lymphocytes. These are of very large size and in this respect dif- ferent from most other species of the genus Mesenckytrceus. 4. Section through the atrium, showing the inner epithelium, the muscles, and the outer epithelium. There are no prostates in the species. 5. Longitudinal section through somite xn passing through male- pores, atr. , atrium; l.ch., lower chamber of the sperm-duct, a secondary atrium ; p.blb., penial bulb containing unicellular glands ; ac.gl., accessory glands opening at the apex of the penial papilla; sp.d., sperm-ducts; s#.s., sperm-sacs; int., intestine (the dark lines are blood vessels). 6. Cross-section through male-pores more highly magnified than in the last figure. (144) • p. part QUSTAVEISEH.DEL LITH BRrrnra * BEV: B r ENCHYTR/EID/E MESENCHYTIVEUS PENICILLUS, 1, 2, MESENCHYTR/EUS PEDATUS, 3, 4, 5, 6. PLATE X. Mesenchytrceus beringensis sp. nov. FIG. x. Spermatheca. Side view. One spermatheca is seen entire. Of the other only the junction with the intestine is shown. 2. Transverse section of the body in somite xn, passing through the sperm-ducts and the male-pores. The penial bulb is seen to con- tain large penial glands, while the absence of accessory and atrial glands is prominently characteristic, p.ck., penial chamber; f., funnels; P-gl-> penial glands; sp.d., sperm-ducts. 3. Section passing through the male-pore and papilla ; from a trans- verse section of the body, p.b., penial bulb; p.ck., penial chamber or lower part of sperm-duct; p.gl., penial glands, opening around the pores and entirely confined inside the penial bulb; atr., atrium of the sperm-duct. The penial chamber is enclosed in a sheath of circular muscles. A few intra-penial glands open around the pore. (146) H A.E. VOL XII PLATE X. BUSTAVEISEN.DEL. ENCHYTR/EIDXE MESENCHYTR;A QOATEMAUE, 7, FRIDERICIA CALIFORNJCA, 8. 9. PLATE XVI. Fridericia sonorce sp. nov. FIG. i. Penial bulb and sperm-duct. 2. Section of the intestine in one of the somites posterior to clitellum, showing three chylus cells separated by blood vessels. They are lined by an inner ciliated epithelium. On the opposite side is a row of muscular strands covered by chloragogen cells. 3. A chylus cell, showing interior canal and outer layer of ciliated epi- thelium. The blood is represented as black. Diagrammatic. Fridericia santcerosce sp. nov. 4. Penial bulb, in a transverse section of the body. The bulb contains a row of unicellular glands, p.blb., penial bulb ; sp.d., sperm-duct ; gl.c,, unicellular glands inside of the bulb, which constitute the main part of the bulb. 5. Chylus cells from the intestine. Fridericia johnsoni sp. nov. 6. A chylus cell from somite xn ; surrounded by two epithelial cells. ep., epithelial cells; cAy., chylus cells; 61., blood vessel; chlor., chloragogen cells. PLATE XVI. BUSTAV EISEN.DEL LITH HRITTtlN *HE<.BF ENCHYTRXEID/E FRIDERICIA SONOFUE, 1. 2. 3, FRIDERICIA SANTXEROS^E 4, 5, FRIDERICIA JOHNSONI, 6 PLATE XVII. Fridericia fuchsi sp. nov. FIG. I. Longitudinal section of the body-wall, showing the deltoid arrange- ment of the circular muscular layer. The striated cytoplasm of the large epithelial cells is only indicated. 2. Section through the intestine, showing chylus cells and flat and long epithelial cells. Also interstitial cells with large round nuclei. 3. A chylus cell and epithelial cells, from the intestine, more highly mag- nified than in the last figure. Fridericia macgregori sp. nov. 4. Set of chylus cells from the intestine. 5. One of the chylus cells more magnified. (160) H.AE. VOLXII PL ATt. XVI!. BUHTAV BISEN.EEL ENCHYTR/EIDXE FRIDFJRICIA FUCHSI. 1. 2. 3, E'RIDERICIA MACGREGOR1. 4. 5. PLATE XVIII. Lumbricillus annulatus sp. nov. FIG. I. Section through the penial bulb. Enchytrceus kincaidi sp. nov. 2. Testis and sperm-sac, the latter projecting into somite x. 3. Nephridium. It is composed of at least 30 cells. 4. Sexual bulbs with their papillae, from longitudinal section of the body. The smaller complex is the anterior one. Enchytrceus metlakatlensis sp. nov. 5. Nephridium. Enchytrceus saxicola sp. nov. 6. Nephridium. (162) H AE. VOL XII PLATE XVIII. CUJ5TAV Elb^M.DEL. LITH BRrrrnn ENCHYTR/EIDXE LUMBPUCILLUS ANNULATUS, 1. ENCHYTIVEUS KINCAIDI, 2. 3, 4, ENCHYTRiZEUS METLAHKATLENSIS, 5, ENCHYTR/EUS SAXICOLA, 6 PLATE XIX. Enchytrceus metlakatlensis sp. nov. FIG. i. Longitudinal section of penial glands and papillae. The sperm-ducts open between the two glandular accumulations. Enchytrceus modes tus sp. nov. 2. Nephrostome of a nephridium, higher magnification than fig. 3. 3. Nephridium. Enchytrceus alaskce sp. nov. 4. Cross-section of body just behind the male-pores, showing the sexual papillae on both sides of the ventral ganglion. In sections more forward the male-pores would lie in line with the points marked x. The dorsal vessel although rising in xv has not yet separated itself from the intestine. 5. Nephridium. The anterior part of the main body is strongly granular. 6. Longitudinal section of the ventral part of the body wall passing through the penial papillae. There are eight or nine bunches of glands opening on the surface of the body. The penial papilla lies to the right of this papilla. (164) H.A.E. VOL XII PLATE XIX GUSTAV EISEN.DEL LFTH BtttTTDN ENCHYTRXEID/E ENCHYTR^EUS METI^AHKATLENSIS, 1, ENCH\TR«US MODESTUS, 2. 3, ENCHYTR^US ALASKA, 4-, 5, 6. PLATE XX. Enchytrceus alaskce sp. nov. FIG. I. Transverse section of the body-wall passing through the male-pore and the penial papillae. As will be seen, there are no glands open- ing into the sperm-duct. 2. Spermiducal pore, sperm-duct, and two penial papillae. Fridericia harrimani sp. nov. 3. Setae fascicle from rentral side. 4. Section of penial bulb, from a transverse section of the body. Showing that the sperm-duct enters the bulb on one side and nearer the base than in most other varieties. There are two kinds of cells, some of which open into the lower part of the sperm-duct, while others open on the free outer surface of the bulb. 5. Section of the intestine in somite xm, showing the chylus cell sur- rounded by two epithelial cells and an interstitial cell. The chylus canal is lined by a distinct membrane, the upper part of which is ciliated. At the base of the chylus cell is a blood sinus. (166) H A.E. VOL XII. PLATE XX. f,Mh BUSTAVEISEH.DEL ENCHYTR/EID/E ENCHYTR/EUS AIASK«, 1.2. FRIDERICIA HARRIMANI, 3,4,5. TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS OF TRIBES SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES FROM THE PACIFIC OCEAN (167) TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS OF THE TRIBES SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES FROM THE PACIFIC OCEAN BY KATHARINE JEANNETTE BUSH, PH.D. CONTENTS Introduction 169 Species previously recorded from the Pacific 172 New genera 178 Species new to the region 179 Systematic discussion 183 Bibliography] 269 Index 292 INTRODUCTION PRACTICALLY nothing was known of the annelids of the North Pacific coast before Johnson's valuable reports of 1897 and 1901 — the first entitled ' A Preliminary Account of the Marine Annelids of the Pacific Coast,' the other ' The Polychseta of the Puget Sound Region.' This is especially true of Alaska, a few species only having been recorded north of Vancouver Island, British Columbia ; therefore the collections made by Dr. William E. Ritter, of the University of California, and Dr. Wesley R. Coe, of Yale University, as members of the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899, are of great interest. (169) 170 BUSH Of the 35 species from Alaska described as new to the North Pacific fauna (p. 179), only 4 — Spirorbis spirillum (Linne) and variety lucidus Montagu, Spirorbis morchi Levinsen, Spirorbis quadrangular is Stimpson, and Spirorbis violaceus Levinsen — appear to be circumpolar ; of these but one — Spir- orbis spirillum (Linne), with its variety lucidus Montagu — ex- tends southward along the California coast. Schizobranchia in- signis sp. nov. appears at Vancouver Island, where also Eudis- tylia tenella sp. nov. is found. Of the remaining species, 9, as far as known, occur only on the coast of California (at Pacific Grove), i on the coast of Mexico, and i on the coast of Honolulu. The 148 species given in the list (p. 172) as previously re- corded from the Pacific were about equally distributed north and south of the equator, there being but 9 more above than below it before Moore (1904) added 13 from the coast of Japan; but in the North Pacific those forming the more or less flexible tubes are numerous, while in the South Pacific those building firm calcareous ones predominate. Only 8, however, have thus far been found from Puget Sound northward along the coast of Alaska. As will be seen by the following list, most of the forms, the larger number of which are of unusual size, are representatives of well-known genera. Among the Polynoidae and closely related families, as well as among the Sabellidae and Serpulidae, are to be found most of the unique forms, although there are two very interesting sexual individuals, one similar to that figured by Orsted (1843) as PolybostrichuS) now placed with the Syllidae, and another, of unknown relationship, which has the ventral surface covered by large clusters of eggs attached to each segment in pairs. LIST OF FAMILIES AND KNOWN GENERA REPRESENTED IN THE COLLECTION. APHRODITAC^E Harmothoe, 8 sp. Iphione ? Lcenilla ? POLYNOIDAE Polynoe, 2 sp. Lepidonotus, 3 sp. Lepidametria f SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 171 SlGALIONID^E Phloe PHYLLODOCID^E Phyllodoce, 4 sp. Enlalidy 2 sp. Etconc, 4 sp. NEPHTHYD^E NephthyS) 9 sp. GLYCERID^E Glycera, 4 sp. STAUROCEPHALID^E Staurocephalus LUMBRINEREID^E LumbrineretS) etc., 4 sp. EUNICID^E Leo dice LYCORID^E Nereis, 7 sp. Autolytus (Polybostrichus) Syllis GnathosylliS) etc. SPIONID^E Scolecolepis Polydora Spio, etc. CH^ETOPTERID^E Chtztopterus ClRRATULID^E Cirratulus ARICIID^E Aricia OPHELIID^E Ammotry-pane Ophelia Trophonia, 3 sp. Flabelligera^ 5 sp. Brada, 4 sp. EUPHROSYNID^E Spinthcr ? AMPHINOMID^E Notopygus? SCALIBREGMID^E Eumenia Scalibregma TELETHUS^E Arenicola, 2 sp. CAPITELLID^E Notomastus MALDANID^E Nicomache Axiothella AMMOCHARID^E Ammochares, 2 sp. AMPHICTENID^E Pectinaria, 3 sp. HERMELLID^E Sabellaria TEREBELLID^E Amphitrite, 2 sp. Terebella Nicolea Polycirrus SABELLID^E Sabella, 4 sp. Parasabella, 2 sp. Aspeira Schizobranchia, 5 sp. Eudistylia, 4 sp. Chone ERIOGRAPHIDID^E Myxicola, 2 sp. SERPULID^E Serpula Crucigera, 3 sp. Hyalopomatopsis SpirorbtS) 10 sp. As an aid to students interested in the many much misunder- stood forms found among the Sabellides and Serpulides, and also because so little is known of those from the Pacific, descrip- tions and figures of a few species collected in 1901 at Pacific 172 BUSH Grove, California, by Dr. Coe, are added, and also some facts regarding the few known species obtained farther south. The Spirorbis group, recently found of so much interest (p. 252), has been thoroughly studied as a whole ; the results are here given in as condensed a form as seems possible without interfering with a clear understanding of the many species. The three following lists, although not properly a part of the introduction, are placed here for convenience. SPECIES PREVIOUSLY RECORDED FROM THE PACIFIC ARRANGED WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. North Pacific. Bering Sea : 1. Pseudopotamilla reniformis (Leuckart, 1849, as Sabella? figures, + Malmgren 1867, as Potamilla, figures, + Marenzeller 1890). Also North Atlantic. 2. Euchone analis (Kroyer) Malmgren 1865, figures, 4- Marenzeller 1890. Also North Atlantic. Puget Sound Region: 3- -?2 vancouveri (Kinberg 1866, as Sabella). See p. 197. 4. Eudistylia polymorpha (Johnson 1901, as Bispira, figures). South to Pacific Grove, California. 5. Mcgachone aurantiaca Johnson 1901, figures. 6. Myxicola pacifica Johnson 1901, figures. 7. Serpula columbiana Johnson 1901, figures. South to San Francisco, California. 8. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson 1901, as Serpula, fig- ures). Central America to United States of Colombia : 9. Hydroides crtictgera (Morch 1863, as Eucarphus, fig- ures). Central America, 14 fms. 10. Pomatostegus kroyeri Morch 1863, figures. Central America. 1 When the generic name has been changed by subsequent writers, the original one is also given after the name of the author. * An interrogation mark in the place of the generic name indicates that the description of the species is not sufficiently clear to determine its position. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 173 11. Spirobranchus incrassalus (Kroyer) Morch 1863, fig- ures, + Ehlers 1887, figures. 12. Spirorbis marioni Caullery and Mesnil 1897, figures. Panama. 13. Spirorbis langerhansi Caullery and Mesnil 1897, fig- ures. Panama. Honolulu : 14. Dasychone havaica (Kinberg 1866, as Sabella'). 15. Demonax kruscnsterni Kinberg 1866. 16. Demonax cooki Kinberg 1866. Japan : 17. Sabellafullo Grube 1877. 18. Sabella tricolor Grube 1877. 19. Sabella atilaconota Marenzeller 1884, figures. 20. Sabella japonica Moore 1904, figures. 63-75 frns. 21. Potamilla acuminata Moore 1904, figures. 153 fms. 22. Aspeira sp. ? (Marenzeller 1884, as Potamilla torelli Malmgren, figures). 23. Pseudopotamilla suavis (Grube 1877, as Potamilla). 24. Pseudopotamilla myriops (Marenzeller 1884, as Pota- milla, figures). 25. Paralaonome japonica (Marenzeller 1884, as Laonome, figures). 26. Laonome tridentata Moore 1904, figures. 63-75 ^ms< 27. Dasychone japonica Mclntosh 1885, figures, + Moore 1904. 50 fms. 28. Demonax picta (Mclntosh 1885, as Dasychone, figures). 50 fms. 29. Hypsico mus phceotania (Schmarda 1861, as Sabella, fig- ures) Marenzeller 1884, figures. Also Ceylon. 30. Hypsicomus lyra Moore 1904, figures. 63-75 fms. 31. Euchone alicaudata Moore 1904, figures. 153 fms. 32. Myxicola platychata Marenzeller 1884, figures. 33. Protula geniculata Moore 1904, figures. 63-75 fms* 34. Apomatus enosima Marenzeller 1884, figures. 35. ? ctenophora (Moore 1904, as Vermilia, figures). 36. ? pluriannulata (Moore 1904,33 Vermilia, fig- ures). 45 fms. 37. Hydroides multispinosa Marenzeller 1884, figures, + Mclntosh 1885, figures, non Fischli 1900, figures. 8-50 fms. 38. Eupomatus fusicola Morch 1863. 39. Eupomatus exaltatus Marenzeller 1884, figures. 174 BUSH 40. f diplochone (Grube 1877, as If ydr aides).1 41. Serpula jukesit Rand 1865 (?), figures, -f Grube2 1877. 42. Serpula granulosa Marenzeller 1884, figures. 43. Omphalopomopsis langerhansii (Marenzeller 1884, as Omphahpoma^ figures) Saint-Joseph 1894, as type. 44. Pomatostcgus latiscapus Marenzeller 1884, figures, + Moore 1904. 45. Pomatoccros helicoides Marenzeller 1884, figures. 46. Pomatoceros auritubis Moore 1904, figures. 45 fms. 47. Spirorbis argutus Bush 1904, figures. 34 fms. 48. Spirorbis bellulus Bush 1904, figures. 63-75 fms. 49. Spirorbis dorsatus Bush 1904. 63-75 ^ms' 50. Spirorbis foraminosus Bush3 1904, figures. 34 fms. Hong Kong: 51. Dasychone orientalis Mclntosh 1885, figures. 10 fms. Philippine Islands : 52. Sabella acrophthalmos Grube 1878. 53. Dasychone cingulata Grube 1878, figures. 54. Dasychone boholensis Grube 1878. 55. Dasychone serratibranchis Grube 1878, figures. 56. Eurato pyrrhogaster (Grube 1878, as Sabella, figures) Saint-Joseph 1894, first species as type. 57. Eurato porifera (Grube 1878, as Sabella, figures) Saint- Joseph 1894. 58. Eurato manicata (Grube 1878, as Sabella, figures) Saint- Joseph 1894. 59. Eurato notata (Grube 1878, as Sabella) Saint-Joseph 1894. 60. r spectabtlis (Grube 1878, as Sabella, figures, + Marenzeller 1884, as Laonome, figures, -f- Saint- Joseph 1894, as Sabellastarte). 61. f zebuensis (Mclntosh 1885, as Sabella, figures). 95 fms. 62. f tenuitorquus (Grube 1878, as Potamilla, figures). JThe operculum is described as two complete funnels bordered with deep ser- rations, one above the other and may prove to be a Eupomatus. 8Grube's description of this species does not appear to agree very closely with that of Baird. 3The description and figures of these four species (47-50) of Spirorbis were prepared for insertion in Mr. J. Percy Moore's report on the Sabellas and Serpulas collected off the coast of Japan by the U. S. steamer Albatross in 1900. This is now passing through the press, with every probability of early publication. Mr. Moore has very kindly furnished a list of species included in this paper. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 175 63. Pseudopotamilla polyophthalmos (Grube 1878, as Pota- milla, figures). 64. Pseudopotamilla oligophthalmos (Grube 1878, as Pota- milla, figures). 65. Myxicola ommatophora Grube 1878, figures. 66. Eucarphus cumingii Morch 1863. 67. Schizocraspedon furcifera (Grube 1878, as Hydroides^ figures). See p. 225. 68. Glossopsis minax (Grube 1878, as Hydroides, figures). See p. 225. 69. ? philippensis (Mclntosh 1885, as Serpula, figures). 1050 fms. 70. Dasynema chrysogyrus (Grube 1878, as Serpula, fig- ures) Saint-Joseph 1894, as type. 71. Pomatostegus actinocerus Morch 1863, figures, -f Grube 1878, as Serpula. 72. Spirobranchus semperi Morch 1863. 73. Spirobranchus tricornigerus (Grube 1878, as Serpula, figures). 74. Spirobranchus quadricornis (Grube 1878, as Serpula, figures). 75. Pomatoceros Bucephalus Morch 1863. 76. Placostegus porosus (Daudin 1800, as Vermetus, figure) Morch 1863. 77. Placostegus ornatus (Sowerby, as Serpula, figure) Morch 1863. 78. Omphalopoma umbilicata (Morch 1863, as Placostegus). 79. Galeolaria hystrix Morch 1863. 80. Galeolaria tetracera (Schmarda 1861, as Pomatoceros^ figure). 81. Ditrypa gracillima Grube 1878. Ternate Island : 82. Dasychonopsis maculata (Fischli 1900, as Dasychone, figures). 83. Protulopsis nigra-nucha Fischli 1900, figures. 84. Eucarphus ternatensis (Fischli 1900, as Hydroides mul- tispinosa Marenzeller, variety, figures). South Pacific. Peru and Chili : 85. f tilosaulus (Schmarda 1861, as Sabella, figures, + Kinberg 1866, as Demonax, + Ehlers 1901, as Sabella). 86. f leucaspis (Kinberg 1866, as Demonax, + Ehlers 1901). 176 BUSH 87. f incertus (Kinberg 1866, as Demonax, + Ehlers 1901). 88. Zopyrus? sp. (Mclntosh 1885, as Vermilia, figures). 1450 fms. 89. Placostegus sp. ? Ehlers 1900, + 1901. 90. Spirorbis chilensis Gray 1849, + Ehlers 1901. Straits of Magellan and vicinity: 91. Sabella sp. Ehlers 1901. 8-50 fms. 92. Sabella magelhtensts Kinberg 1866, + Ehlers 1901. 93. Paralaonome ? antarctica (Kinberg 1866, as Laonome, + Ehlers 1897, 1900, 1901). 2-12 fms. 94. Dasychonopsis curta (Ehlers 1901, as Dasychone, fig- ures). 20 fms. 95. Fabricia alata Ehlers 1897, figures, -f 1901. 1-2 fms. 96. Oria limbata Ehlers 1897, figures, + 1901. 5 fms. 97. Serpula narconensis Baird * 1864, figures, variety ma- gellanica Mclntosh 1885, figures. 15-175 fms. 98. Zopyrus loveni Kinberg 1866, + Ehlers 1901. 99. Metavermilia nigropileata (Ehlers 1900, + 1901, as Ver- milia, figures). 100. Spirorbis nordenskjoldi Ehlers 1900, +1901. 101. Spirorbis perrieri Caullery and Mesnil 1897, + Ehlers 1900, + 1901. 20 fms. 1 02. Spirorbis lebruni Caullery and Mesnil 1897, + Ehlers 1900, + 1901. 20-25 fms. 103. Spirorbis levinseni Caullery and Mesnil 1897, -f Ehlers 1901. 104. Spirorbis patagonicus Caullery and Mesnil 1897, + Ehlers 1901. 105. Spirorbis claparedei Caullery and Mesnil 1897} + Ehlers 1901. 106. Spirorbis aggregatus Caullery and Mesnil 1897, + Ehlers 1901. Figi Islands and vicinity: 107. Sabella samoensis Grube 18.70. 108. Dasychone cingulata Grube 1870. Mid Ocean : 109. ? ornatus* (Mclntosh 1885, as Placostegus, fig- ures). 2375 to 3125 fms. 1 Ehlers 1901 refers this species to Serpula vermicularis Linne* 1767. 8This species is not a Placostegus as the uncini have but few coarse teeth sim- ilar to Serpula. The operculum is protected by a calcareous plate. It is not prob- able that this is identical with P. ornatus Sowerby from the Philippine Islands. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 177 no. ? benthalianus (Mclntosh 1885, as Placostegus, fig- ures). 3125 fms. in. Protoplacostegus mdrchii (Mclntosh 1885, as Placoste- gus, figures). 2375 fms. See p. 226 New Zealand : 112. ? ceratodaula (Schmarda 1861, as Sabella, figures). 113. ? armata (Quatrefages 1865, as Sabella, figures). 114. ? grandis (Baird 1865, as Sabella). 115. Apomatus elisabethce Mclntosh 1885, figures. 116. Galeolaria hystrix Morch 1863, figures. 117. Galeolaria bottom' (Baird 1865, as Eupomatus, figures). 1 1 8. Eucarph us cumingii Morch 1863, variety navalis Morch 1863. 119. Sclerostyla zelandica (Baird 1865, as Serpula, figures). 1 20. Placostegus cariniferus (Gray 1843) Baird 1865. 121. Placostegus cceruleus Schmarda 1861, figures, + Morch 1863. 122. Spirorbis zelandicus Gray 1843, -f Morch 1863. Australia : 123. Spirogr aphis australiensis Haswell 1884. 124. ? • velaia (Haswell 1884, as Sabella, figures). 125. ? punctulata (Haswell 1884, as Sabella, figures). 126. ? sulcata (Ehlers 1897, as Sabella) (Sabella fusca Mclntosh 1885, figures, non Grube). 2-10 fms. 127. Filograna divaricata Morch 1863 (Serpula filigrana Lamarck 1818). 128. Salmacina australis Haswell 1884, figures. 129. Galeolaria caspitosa Lamarck 1818, + Morch 1863, fig- ures, -f Haswell 1884, as Vermilia. 130. Galeolaria elongata Lamarck 1818, + Morch 1863. 131. Galeolaria decumbens Sowerby, figures, -f Morch 1863. 132. Galeolaria rosea (Qjiatrefages 1865, as Vermilia, fig- ures, + Haswell 1884, figures). 133. Galeolaria ? tetracera (Schmarda 1861, as Pomato- ceros, figures) Morch 1863. 134. Hydroides elegans (Haswell 1884, as Eupomatus, fig- ures). 135. Serpula jukesii Baird 1865, figures, + Haswell 1884. 136. Serpula vast/era Haswell 1884, figures. 137. Zopyrus kcempferi Kinberg 1866. 138. Pomatostegus strigiceps (Morch 1863, as Pomatoceros, + Mclntosh 1885, figures, + Haswell 1884, as Ver- milia). 150 fms. Also New Zealand. 178 BUSH 139. Pomatostegus bowerbanki Baird 1865, figures, + Has- well 1884. 140. Spirobranchus rostratus (Lamarck 1818, as Vermilid] Morch 1863. 141. Spirobranchus morchi (Quatrefages 1865, as Cymo- spira, -f Haswell 1884). 142. Spirobranchus brachycera (Baird 1865, as Cymospira, figures, -f Haswell 1884). 143. Pomatoceros elephus Schmarda 1861, figures, + Has- well 1884, figures. 144. Placostegus tceniatus (Lamarck 1818, as Vermilid] Morch 1863. 145. Ditrypa strangulata Deshayes, figure, -f Morch 1863. 146. Spirorbis tricostalis Lamarck 1818, -f Morch 1863. 147. Spirorbis lamellosus Lamarck 1818, -f Morch 1863. 148. Spirorbis incisus Morch 1863. NEW GENERA. The following genera, fifteen in number, are here proposed : Paralaonome. Type, P. japonica (Marenzeller 1884, as Laonome, figures). Metalaonome. Type, M. marite (Lo Bianco 1893, as Bispira, figures). Dasychonopsis. Type, D. pattidus sp. nov. Parasabella. Type, P. media sp. nov. Aspeira. Type, A. modesta sp. nov. Pseudopotamilla. Type, P. reniformis (Leuckart 1849, Malmgren 1867, as illay figures). Schizobranchia. Type, S. insignis sp. nov. Eudistylia. Type, E. gigantea sp. nov. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 179 Metachone. Type, M. mollis sp. nov. Protoplacostegus . Type, P. morchii (Mclntosh 1885, as Placostegus, figures). Rhodopsis. Type, 7?. pusillus sp.* nov. (See Addendum.) Metavermilia. Type, M. multicristata (Philippi 1844, -f Marenzeller 1893, as VermiHa^ figures). Paravermilia. Type, P. bermudensis sp. nov. Schizocraspedon. Type, S. furcifera (Grube 1878, as Hydr aides > figures). Glossopsis. Type, G. minax (Grube 1878, as Hydroides, figures). SPECIES NEW TO THE REGION. North Pacific. Bering Sea : 1. Spirorbis spirillum Linne, variety lucidus Montagu. South to Pacific Grove, California ; also Atlantic. Alaska : 2. Sabella elegans sp. nov. Kadiak. 3. Sabella humilis sp. nov. Popof Islana. 4. Sabella leptalea sp. nov. Kadiak. 5. Sabella formosa sp. nov. Berg or Glacier Bay. 6. Parasabella media sp. nov. Kadiak. 7. Parasabella maculata sp. nov. Kadiak. 8. As-peira modesta sp. nov. Kadiak. 9. Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov. Yakutat south to Vic- toria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 10. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov. Unalaska Island to Prince William Sound. 1 1 . Schizobranchia concinna sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 12. Schizobranchia dubia sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 13. Schizobranchia affinis sp. nov. Popof Island. 14. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov. Prince William Sound to Yakutat. 15. Eudistylia plumosa sp. nov. Sitka. ISO BUSH 1 6. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov. Yakutat to Sitka. 17. Chone teres sp. nov. Unalaska Island. 18. Myxicola conjuncta sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 19. Myxicola glacialis sp. nov. Unalaska Island. 20. Serpula splendens sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 21. Crucigera formosa sp. nov. Unalaska Island to Wrangel. 22. Crucigera irregularis sp. nov. Juneau. 23. Hyalopomatopsis occidentalis sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 24. Spirorbis semidentatus sp. nov. Unalaska Island to Sitka. 25. Spirorbis variabilis sp. nov. Sitka. 26. Spirorbis morchi Levinsen. Prince William Sound to Sitka ; also North Atlantic. 27. Spirorbis incongruus sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 28. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson. Prince William Sound ; also North Atlantic. 29. Spirorbis lineatus sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 30. Spirorbis similis sp. nov. Prince William Sound. 31. Spirorbis -violaceus Levinsen. Prince William Sound to Sitka ; also North Atlantic. 32. Spirorbis spirillum Linne". Loc. ? to Santa Barbara, California ; also North Atlantic. 33. Spirorbis rugatus sp. nov. Sitka. 34. Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov. Prince William Sound to Pacific Grove, California. 35. Spirorbis abnormis sp. nov. Sitka. Puget Sound Region : 36. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov. Vancouver Island, British Columbia. California, Pacific Grove : 37. Parasabella sp. 38. Pseudopotamilla debilis sp. nov. 39. Eudistylia intermedia sp. nov. 40. Metachone mollis sp. nov. 41. Myxicola ajfinis sp. nov. 42. Protula atypha sp. nov. 43. Eupomatus gracilis sp. nov. 44. Spirorbis eximius sp. nov. 45. Spirorbis comptus sp. nov. Mexico : 46. Eupomatus humilis sp. nov. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES l8l Honolulu : 47. Dasychonopsis •pallidus sp. nov. South Pacific. Australia : 48. Sptrorbts inversus sp. nov. 49. Spirorbis tridentatus sp. nov. The accompanying heliotype plates are from photographs of the annelids lying under water, that they might appear as life- like as possible, a process developed by Mr. A. H. Verrill, who has also prepared for reproduction most of the camera-lucida drawings of the setae and opercula. I am especially indebted to Professor A. E. Verrill and Dr. W. R. Coe, of Yale University, for valuable advice and criti- cism, and to Mr. J. Percy Moore, of the University of Penn- sylvania, for many courtesies, especially the great privilege of studying some of his North Greenland and Japanese forms. YALE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, January, 1904. ANNELIDS OF THE TRIBES SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES. SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION. Tribe SABELLIDES. Family SABELLDXE. Attempts have been made by several authors to arrange the many and varied forms belonging to this group in analytical tables conven- ient for interpretation. Grube (1851) placed them all in Sabella, dividing and subdividing the genus according to the form of the branchial lobes. Kroyer (1856) separated the northern forms into various known genera, proposing the name Bispira for those having the branchial lobes equal and coiled spirally : " Foruden disse fzem Grupper mener jeg, at de Sabel- ler, hos hvilke begge Gjasllebuskene danne Spiraler, m£ udgjore en sjaette Slaegt, hvilken man maske kunde Kaldc Bispira"* He also described many new species which he referred to the genus Sabella. As no definite species was mentioned as type, and also as many of the species referred by him and others to the genus Sabella have been found to have their branchial lobes spiral or involute in retraction, it is 1This name Bis fir a, suggested by Kroyer (1856 — nomen nudum], without adequate description or reference to any species, as cited above, was first used by Claparede (1870) for Bispira -volutacornis (Rathke, 1843), supposing this to be the same as Amphitrite volutacornis Montagu (1804) given by Quatrefages (1865) as the first species under his genus Distylia, ignoring the fact that Kroyer had called attention to their being distinct. Saint-Joseph ( 1894), notwithstanding he mentions these facts, combines the two genera, making volutacornis Montagu the type of the genus Bispira, eliminating the volutacornis Rathke as it is synonymous with the rubropunctata Grube and referable to the genus Jasmineira Langerhans (1880), type,/, caudata Langerhans. Other authors — Langerhans (1880), Lo Bianco (1893), and Johnson (1901) — have added to the confusion by applying Bispira to still other forms, which should be referred to as many dis- tinct genera. It is therefore deemed desirable to restore Distylia for the volu- tacornis Montagu, and if Bispira is to be considered, it apparently should be studied in connection with its relation to Jasmineira. (183) 184 BUSH not surprising that this name (Bisp£ra)has, been applied by subsequent writers to various distinct forms. Quatrefages (1865) made a careful study of all the then known genera and species, giving descriptions and some figures, also a good analytical table. He, however, ignored the name Bispira of Kroyer, and proposed the new genus Distylia for forms having the branchial lobes equal and coiled spirally, describing and figuring the {Amphitrite) Sabella volutacornis Montagu (1804) as the first species. Malmgren (1865-7) made the greatest advance toward a possible correct interpretation of the northern forms by introducing many new genera, giving excellent figures of the species, especially of the setae, and referring most of Kroyer's new species to those already described by Sars and others. Langerhans (1884) was the first to attempt an analytical table based on the arrangement and form of the seta. His knowledge of the genera, however, being de- rived largely from published descriptions and figures, which often proved inadequate, he cannot be followed with certainty. He makes no mention of Distylia, and places Bispira in his second grand divi- sion, far removed from the related genus Spirographis , which differs in having the branchial lobes unequal and but one spirally coiled. His conception of Bispira was probably suggested by Claparede, and is evi- dently not that of Saint- Joseph (1894). The latter author has, by studying the animals themselves, been able to correct many of the errors hitherto overlooked. He follows Langerhans in making the arrange- ment and form of the setas of great importance, but finds it necessary to introduce several new genera for the reception of the various species. In his analytical table there are some misconceptions which it seems desirable to note. Under his second division the presence and position of the eyes are made a distinguishing character, whereas it often happens that species referable to the same genus may or may not possess them. The genus Fabricia Blainville (1828), being said to have no collar, is separated from Oria Quatrefages (1865), although Bourne (1883) gives a good figure showing it to possess one. The two genera Demonax and Parachonia of Kinberg are not mentioned. A special division was necessary for the genus Protulides, as it was described by Webster (1884) as having avicular uncini and pennoned seta? in all the tori of the body. Numerous specimens from Bermuda, recently studied, agree perfectly with Webster's description and figures of the type species (P. elegans) with the exception that they have avic- ular uncini only in the abdominal tori. Webster states that his descrip- tion is based largely on notes made on specimens from Beaufort, North Carolina. Andrews in 1891, however, in studying specimens from SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 185 Beaufort, found that they differed from Webster's description in this same character (avicular uncini only in the abdominal tori) . As it is hardly possible that two species would be found in the same two locali- ties, which differ only in the same character, it is safe to assume that the author's notes were at fault. It is therefore necessary to change this character in the descriptions of both the genus and the species. This change reveals the strong similarity between this genus and Hypsi- comus Grube (1870) and Marenzeller (1884), non Ehlers (1887), the two differing but little in form and arrangement of the setae, but the collars are distinctly unlike. In Protulides it is of uniform depth, like that of Chone and Euchone, and complete save the dorsal opening, while in Hypsicomus it has a somewhat undulating edge and ends in a ventral lobe on each side of the ventral fissure or cleft. Mclntosh in his Challenger Report (1885) figures a seta and uncinus from a speci- men {Laonome h&ckelii} from St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, of which only the tail was found. The uncinus is given in a three-quarter view, so that it is foreshortened. The same result was noticed in mountings of the Bermuda species {Protulides elegans}, but pres- sure turned the uncini, showing them in profile to have a posteriorly elongated base. Ehlers (1887) and Saint-Joseph (1894) referred Mclntosh's species to Hypsicomus; it is, however, identical with Protulides elegans Webster. Notwithstanding the extended study given by Saint-Joseph and the excellent results obtained, it has been found impossible to place some of the new forms within the prescribed limits of his analytical table. This is also true of several previously described species. The genus Eudistylia, having equal spirally coiled branchial lobes and two kinds of dorsal thoracic setae, should combine with Distylia {Bispira) in his division I-A-3, but there no eyes are mentioned, and the dorsal seta? in the type (D. volutacornis) are superior ' limbate,' inferior * cimeter ' shaped, the latter com- mencing on the fifth segment, while in the present form the inferior ones are spatulate back of the collar fascicle, similar to those found in Pseudopotamilla reniformis, as figured by Malmgren (1867). This species has, however, simple branchial lobes, and is placed in his second division under Potamilla. In my studies it has appeared impractical to place too much impor- tance on the kinds of setae alone, as the same forms are repeated in so many different genera. It has seemed desirable to give more consid- eration to the form of the branchial lobes and the branchiae themselves. In all the typical Sabellas studied the rachises of the branchiae are dis- tinctly four-sided, connected along their posterior portions by a deli- i86 BUSH cate membrane or web ; in the Parasabellas these change to less dis- tinguishable four-sided ones, and the web is but slightly developed or disappears, while in the Eudistylias they become distinctly three- sided, rounded outwardly. They may also be simple, or many times divided or split, as in the Schizobranchias. It has also been found that, although so many valuable facts have been so comprehensively presented by Saint -Joseph, there are still some genera of which little is known, owing principally to the too broad application by their authors, as evinced by the variety of forms referred to them. This confusion has been greatly increased by subsequent writers, none having restricted the genera to any one of the species as a type, nor published figures as an aid toward a possible correct interpretation. This is especially true of the genera Sabellastarte and Demonax. Sabellastarte was proposed by Savigny ( 1 809) as a group or divi- sional name for Sabella-like forms having the branchiae arranged in a double series. It was adopted as such by Grube and Quatrefages, but Saint -Joseph, following Kroyer, used it as a generic name, without presenting any additional facts in regard to the branchial lobes, form of the collar, or form and arrangement of the setae. The two species — Sabella indica Savigny and Sabella magnifica Shaw — apparently agree only in having very long and numerous branchiae arranged in a double series. The numerous figures given by Shaw show an interest- ing and easily noted character, i. e., the absence of pinnae on the slen- der banded rachises. Neither Quatrefages (1865) nor Marenzeller (1884) mentions such a peculiarity as belonging to S. indica, thus giving emphasis to the small importance of the arrangement of the branchiae as the only generic character. Marenzeller describes S. indica as having from 60 to 84 (in differ- ent individuals) very long branchiae arranged in a double series, and equal to about half the entire length of the body, which consists of from 196 to 227 segments and measures from 80 to 135 mm. in length. Quatrefages gives the setae as lanceolate in form, avicular uncini only in the tori and the collar as four-lobed. It is proposed to restrict the genus to this species as type. The genus Eurato Saint-Joseph (1894) differs in not having the branchiae arranged in a double series. Seven species are included in this 'without mentioning any special one for a type. Kinberg (1866) placed five species in his genus Demonax, the first (D. krusensterni} and the last (Z>. cooki} being the only two that from the descriptions appear to be at all alike. Therefore the SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 187 genus is restricted to these two species, with the first taken as type. But, as no figures have been given, we can form no definite conception of the form and arrangement of the seta? or of other important features, showing the great need of a more careful study of these species. In constructing the following analytical table for the genera which are related to the genus Sabella, an attempt has been made to base it on characters which can be readily seen with the aid of a good pocket lens, the tables hitherto published being so complicated as to require much careful microscopic work before one can arrive at the generic relation of any species. In studying the various forms representing the numerous genera, certain details in structure are found to be repeated a certain number of times, forming a definite sequence or continuous evolution, as in the development of the collar. Taking the form without a collar as the primitive type, the anterior edge of the first segment becomes more or less elongated in front, form- ing one or two more or less conspicuous lobes. When a collar begins to develop, the entire anterior edge may be produced into a free mar- gin without any openings ; or one incision or cleft may occur, forming an opening on the back, the ends being in contact or meeting ; or only a portion along the sides and in front may be produced, forming a collar open on the back with widely separated ends. The same process of development taking place in the anterior margin of the first segment of the two-lobed type will produce a two-lobed collar, either with ends in contact or separated on the back. When additional incisions or clefts develop on the sides of either of these two-lobed forms, two corresponding four-lobed collars are formed, those with separated ends usually having the lateral incisions toward the front (ventro-lateral), while in those where the ends are in contact the incisions are toward the back (dorso-lateral). It therefore seems desirable to use the collar as an important character in grouping the genera. Other characters also of these primitive forms are found to be repeated ; the setae and uncini especially, or variations of them, being repeated many times in various combinations which can be ar- ranged in definite groups. It will be found that the concise facts in regard to many of the 36 genera cited are much too meager to render it possible for one to place each genus in its exact or correct relative position. There is still much work to be accomplished before a perfect analytical table can be formulated. l88 BUSH ANALYTICAL TABLE FOR SABELLA AND RELATED GENERA. i. Collar absent 2. i'. Collar present 3. a. Anterior edge of first segment produced in front, forming a small angular ven- tral lobe. Uncini in tori on abdomen ; beaked setae in tori on thorax. (1) MYXICOLA (Koch 1846) Grube 1855 + Malmgren 1865, including Lepto- chone Claparede 1870, teste Marenzeller 1893. Type, M. infundibulum (Montagu 1808, figures) Koch 1846 -(- Saint- Joseph 1898, figures. Greenland. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form, /. e., tapered, more or less elongated, widest near lower end of blade. Uncini similar in form to those of Lcu- cariste Malmgren 1865 (Terebellacea). Ventral setae on thorax with broadened curved (beaked) end, more or less serrate on top, on a long, nearly straight shaft or manubrium, similar to those of Tercbellides. 2'. Anterior edge of first segment produced in front, forming two long, pointed, ventral lobes. Uncini in tori on abdomen ; uncini and pennoned setae in tori on thorax. (2) AMPHIGLENA Claparede 1864. Type, A. armandi Claparede 1864, figures, = A. medtterranea (Ley- dig 1851) Claparede 1864+ Langerhans 1880, figures, -f Bourne 1883, figures, + Saint-Joseph 1894, figures. Gulf of Naples. Branchiae free. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lance- olate in form. Uncini avicular in form, those on the thorax the larger. 3. Collar entire, without incisions or clefts. Pectinate setae in tori on abdomen ; beaked setae in tori on thorax. (3) HAPLOBRANCHUS Bourne 1883. Type, H. aestuarius Bourne 1883, figures. Coast of Isle of Sheppey, England, and mouth of Liffey, Ireland. Branchial lobes small, bearing few ciliated (without pinnae) branchiae; one eye on ventral surface of each lobe, beneath collar. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. Setae in thoracic tori approaching the form found in TrichobrancJuis Malmgren 1865 (Tere- bellacea); setae in abdominal tori with laterally serrate broadened end, on long shaft or manubrium, approaching that in Lagis Malmgren 1867 (Amphictenea) with the elongated base of that form turned downward as a shaft or manubrium. (4) MANAYUNKIA Leidy 1858 and 1884. Type, M. speciosa Leidy 1858 and 1884, figures. Schuylkill River at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Egg Harbor River, New Jersey. Branchial lobes laterally elongated, bearing numerous ciliated (without pinnae) branchiae ; 7 eye-spots on each lobe. Young resembling Hap- lobranchtis. Setae somewhat resembling those of Haplobranchus. 3'. Collar open on back, either with or without incisions or clefts 4. 4. Collar open on back, without incisions or clefts (one-lobed) 5. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 189 4'. Collar open on back, with one or more incisions or clefts 6. 5. Collar with ends separated on back. Pectinate setae in tori on abdomen ; beaked setae in tori on thorax. (5) FABRICIA Blainville 1828. > Type, F. fabricii (Muller) Fabricius 1780, figure. Greenland. Branchial lobes small, bearing few branchiae with unequal, more or less alternating, pinnae. Setae similar to those of Manayunkia. Uncini in tori on abdomen ; beaked setae in tori on thorax. (6) ORIA Quatrefages 1865 + Claparede 1870. Type, O. armandi( Claparede 1874, figures) Quatrefages iS65-f-Clapa- rede 1870 + Langerhans 1880, figures, + Saint-Joseph 1894, figures. Gulf of Naples. Branchial lobes with branchiae similar to those otFabricia. Setae also similar to those of Fabricia. Uncini somewhat similar in form to those of Ampharete or Amphicteis Malmgren 1865 (Ampharetea). (7) ORIOPSIS Caullery and Mesnil 1896.* Type, O. metchnikoivi Caullery and Mesnil 1896, figures. St. Vaast- la-Hougue, northern coast of France. Branchial lobes small, bearing few branchiae. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. Beaked setae some- what similar in form to those in Jasmineira. Uncini somewhat similar in form to those of Artacama Malmgren 1865 (Terebellacea), with more numerous teeth. Uncini only in tori on both abdomen and thorax. (8) EURATO Saint-Joseph 1894 (restricted). Type, E. pyrrhogaster (Grube 1878,' figures) Saint-Joseph 1894, as first species. Philippine Islands. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, ' suboval ' in form. Uncini avicular in form. 5'. Collar with ends meeting, or in contact on back. Uncini in tori on abdomen ; beaked setae in tori on thorax. (9) CHONE Kroyer 1856. Type, C. infundibuliformis Kroyer 1856 -f- Malmgren 1865, figures, and 1867, figure. Spitzbergen. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, spatulate in form, i. «., short, rounded, widest in middle or near upper end. (10) MKGACHONE Johnson 1901. Type, M. aurantiaca Johnson 1901, figures. Puget Sound. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. Uncini similar to, or approaching 1 Good figures are given by Bourne 1883 and Leidy 1884. 8 Although the collar is described as rudimentary or wanting, and no figures are given, this genus is placed here conditionally, as it is said to possess some characters similar to those in Oria. •The collar is neither described nor figured with sufficient exactness for one to determine its true character. IpO BUSH the form of those in Chone. Intermediate between those of Chone and Euchone. (n) EUCHONE Malmgren 1865. Type, E. analis (Kroyer 1856) Malmgren 1865, figures, as first species. Spitzbergen. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, subspatulate in form, i. e., short, tapered, widest in middle. With caudal sucker. (12) METACHONK gen. nov. (See p. 216.) Type, M. mollis sp. nov., figures. Pacific Grove, California. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, clavate in form, /. e., long, rounded, widest near upper end. Uncini similar in form to those of Euckone. Without caudal sucker. (13) PARACHONIA Kinberg 1866. * Type, P. letterstedti Kinberg 1866. Cape of Good Hope. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, clavate in form. Uncini unknown. (14) JASMINEIRA Langerhans 1880. Type, J. caudata Langerhans 1880, figures. Madeira. Branchiae free. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, sub- spatulate in form. Uncini avicular in form. (.15) DIALYCHONE Claparede 1870. Type, D. acustica Claparede 1870, figures. Gulf of Naples- Branchiae free. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, clavate in form. Uncini somewhat similar in form to those of Sabellides Malm- gren 1865 (Ampharetea), with smaller and more numerous teeth, the lowest one larger than the others. Avicular uncini in tori on abdomen ; avicular uncini and pennoned setae in tori on thorax. (16) PROTULIDES Webster 1884. Type, P. elegans Webster 1884, figures. Beaufort, North Carolina, and Bermuda. See p. 184. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Set* on collar in a dorsal, oblique, linear series on each side. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, suborbicular in form. 6. Collar with only one incision or cleft (two-lobed) 7. 6'. Collar with three incisions or clefts (four-lobed) , 8. 7. Collar with ends separated on back. Uncini only in tori on both thorax and abdomen. ,(17) LAONOME Malmgren 1865, non Kinberg 1866 nee Marenzeller 1884. Type, L. kroyeri Malmgren 1865, figures. Spitzbergen. Branchiae free. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, orbic- ular in form. Uncini similar in form to those of Euchone. 1 A thorough knowledge of this genus may render it necessary to combine it with the preceding (Metachone). SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES (18) DEMONAX Kinberg 1866 (restricted).1 (See p. 186.) Type, D. kruscnsterni Kinberg 1866. Honolulu. Branchiae free, without outer appendages. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. (19) DASYCHONOPSIS gen. nov. (See p. 198.) Type, D.pallidus sp. nov., figures. Honolulu. Branchial lobes small, not spiral ; branchiae free, with outer append- ages. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. Avicular uncini in tori on abdomen ; avicular uncini and pennoned setae in tori on thorax. (20) BRANCHIOMMA (Kolliker 1858) Claparede 1870. Type, B. vesiculosum (Montagu 1815, figures) Claparede 1870, figures, -f- Langerhans 1884, figures + Saint-Joseph 1894, figures. Kingsbridge, south coast of Devonshire, England. Branchiae free; eyes subterminal. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, oblanceolate in form, *'. e., tapered, widest in middle, dif- fering in length. (21) PARASABELLA gen. nov. (Potamilla Malmgren 1865, in part, -f Maren- zeller 1884, in part). (See p. 199.) Type, P. media sp. nov., figures. Alaska. Branchiae joined by a small membranous web ; eyes, when present, on outer surface of the rachises. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fas- cicle, oblanceolate in form. 7'. Collar with ends meeting or in contact on back. Avicular uncini only in tori on both thorax and abdomen. (22) PARALAONOME gen. nov. (Laonome Kinberg 1866 and Marenzeller 1884.) (Seep. 197.) Type, P.japonica (Marenzeller 1884, figures). Japan. Branchial lobes forming equal spirals. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. (23) NOTAULAX Tauber 1879+ Levinsen 1883 (revised). Type, Notaulax sp. Tauber 1879 = JV. rectangulatus Levinsen 1883, figures. Branchiae free. Setae on collar in dorsal, angular, linear series on each side. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, spatulate in form. Avicular uncini in tori on abdomen ; avicular uncini and pennoned setae in tori on thorax. (24) HYPSICOMUS Grube 1870 + Marenzeller 1884, non Ehlers 1887. Type, H. stichophthalmos Grube 1863, figure, as first species. Adriatic Sea. Branchiae joined by membranous web. Setae on collar in dorsal, ob- lique, linear series on each side. Inferior seta? on thorax, below collar fascicle, ' broad oval ' in form. 1 At the present time very little is definitely known of this genus. 192 BUSH (25) POTAMILLA Malmgren 1865 (restricted). Type, P. neglecta (Sars 1861) Malmgren 1865, figures, as first species. Off Finmark, in 20-40 fms. Branchiae free. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, sub- spatulate in form, i. e., short, tapered, widest in middle. (26) ASPEIRA gen. nov. (Potamilla Malmgren 1865, in part). (See p. 202.) Type, A. modesta sp. nov., figures. Alaska. Branchiae free. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, sub- spatulate to oblanceolate in form, *. e., tapered, widest in middle, vary- ing in length. 8. Collar with ends separated on back. Incisions or clefts ventro-lateral and ventral. Avicular uncini only in tori on both abdomen and thorax. (27) SABELLASTARTE Savigny 1809+ Saint-Joseph 1894. (See p. 186.) Type, 5. indica Savigny 1809, as first species, + Quatrefages 1865. Indian Ocean. Branchial lobes comparatively small, spiral only in retraction. In- ferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. Uncini similar to those of Pseudopotamilla. (28) METALAONOME gen. nov. Type, M. marice (Lo Bianco 1893, as Bispira, figures). Gulf of Na- ples. Branchial lobes spiral only in retraction. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, oblanceolate in form. (29) DASYCHONE Sars 1861 -f- Malmgren 1865 (restricted). Type, D. decora Sars 1861, as first species, = ? D. infarcta (Kroyer 1856) Malmgren 1865, figures. Coast of Norway. Branchial lobes forming equal spirals ; branchiae with outer append- ages. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. Avicular uncini in tori on abdomen ; avicular uncini and pennoned setae in tori on thorax. (30) SABELLA (Linne*) Malmgren 1865. Type, 5. pavonina Savigny 1809-}- Malmgren 1865, figures, as first species. Coast of Norway, in 30-100 fms. Branchial lobes spiral only in retraction ; branchiae joined by mem- branous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. (31) DISTYLIA Quatrefages 1865 {Bispira Saint-Joseph 1894). (See p. 183.) Type, D. volutacornis (Montagu 1804, figures) Quatrefages 1865, fig- ures. South coast of Devonshire, England. Branchial lobes forming equal spirals. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. (32) SPIROGRAPHIS Viviani 1805. Type, 5. spallanzanii Viviani 1805, figures,-}- Claparede 1870, figures, -f Saint-Joseph 1898. Gulf of Naples. Branchial lobes forming unequal spirals ; branchiae joined by mem- branous web. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, lanceolate in form. SABELLIDES AND SERPtfLIDES 193 8'. Collar with ends meeting or in contact on back. Incisions or clefts dorso-lateral and ventral. Avicular uncini in tori on abdomen ; avicular uncini and pennoned setae in tori on thorax. (33) POTAMIS Ehlers 1887. Type, P. spathiferus Ehlers 1887, figures. Off the coast of Florida, in 275 fms. Branchial lobes small ; branchiae free, unequal. Inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, orbicular in form. Avicular uncini on thorax in form intermediate between those of Jasmineira (as in J. oculata Langerhans 1884) and those of Pseudopotamilla (as in /'. oculif- era Leidy 1855). (34) PSEUDOPOTAMILLA gen. nov. (Potamilla Malmgren 1865, in part). (See p. 203.) Type, P. reniformis (Leuckart 1849, figures, + Malmgren 1867, fig- ures). Iceland. Branchial lobes small ; branchi ae simple, free, equal. Inferior seta on thorax, below collar fascicle, spatulate in form. (35) SCHIZOBRANCHIA gen. nov. (See p. 205.) Type, 5. insignis sp. nov., figures. Alaska. Branchial lobes small ; branchiae free, divided. Setae similar in form to those of Pseudopotamilla, (36) EUDISTYLIA gen. nov. (See p. 209.) Type, E. gigantea sp. nov., figures. Alaska. Branchial lobes produced ventrally, forming equal spirals ; branchiae in nearly uniform double series. Setae similar to those of Pseudopota- milla, i. «., inferior setae on thorax, below collar fascicle, spatulate in form. Genus Sabella Malmgren 1865. Type, Sabella pavonina Savigny. In this genus the branchial lobes are small at base, free and more or less prolonged ventrally, spirally coiled or involute in retraction, more or less flaring when fully expanded. The branchiae are nearly equal in length, arranged in a single series, their rachises four-sided, being flattened on the back, the two outer angles furnished with thin membranous edges, most developed and sometimes ruffled along their anterior or distal portions, where they frequently fold outward, toward each other, forming a conspicuous groove. The two inner edges bear slender, more or less crowded pin- nae which do not extend to the end, leaving a thin, flattened, more or less bluntly rounded tip. They are connected along their posterior or proximal portions by a more or less developed, thin, interbranchial membrane or web. Eyes usually present, arranged in pairs on the back, often concealed by color spots. 194 BUSH Collar four-lobed, circular, with a slightly undulating rolling edge, the lateral slits in front of the fascicles of seta?, or ventro-lateral, often marked by a spot of color ; ventral lobes small ; dorsal lobes wanting, the ends widely separated on the back, showing the cephalic region with a deep median furrow defined by a conspicuous ridge on each side. Inside the collar, opposite the ventral fissure, is a small, trian- gular, median, somewhat bilobed cephalic swelling, often with two conspicuous spots of color, bordered by a thin, often ruffled membrane. Extending inward from this, along the base of each branchial lobe, is a thin, moderately developed, often much ruffled membrane, which, folding on itself, terminates at the ventral end of the lobe. Mouth protected on each side by a moderately developed membranous lobe supporting a very long, conspicuous, regularly tapered dorsal tentacle. Fascicles of setae forming oblique series on the thorax, of two forms, the superior ones linear, the inferior round and protected by an auri- form membrane ; those on the abdomen comma-shaped. All the setae limbate, of one form, long, regularly tapered, lanceo- late, the two equal sides, seen only in a direct front or back view, ap- pearing as a single border, as given by Malmgren in a direct profile view ; varying in width, the superior ones much narrower than the inferior and fewer in number ; on the abdomen they are less regularly tapered. Along the tori on the thorax are two forms, avicular hooks and pennant-bearing or pennoned * setae ; on the abdomen avicular hooks only. Atypical example of the type (Sa6el/a pavonina Savigny 1809) has not been seen. The above description refers to forms like Sabetta crassicornis Sars (1851). Salella melanostigma Schmarda (1861), given by Ehlers (1887) as a typical example of his interpretation of this genus, Saint- Joseph (1894) placed in his new genus Eurato, under the second group in his analytical table, for genera having avicular hooks only in the tho- racic tori. Treadwell (1901) recorded this species from Porto Rico. SABELLA ELEGANS sp. nov. pi. xxvi, fig. 2; pi. xxvii, fig. 6c; pi. xxxni, figs. 20, 21 ; pi. xxxrv, figs. I, 4, 5, 10 ; pi. xxxvii, figs. 12, 33. Type locality. — Kadiak. 1 These setae of the tori have the exposed end of the long shaft or manubrium expanded into a short, more or less cordate-shaped, usually striated portion, bear- ing a long transparent, flexible, pennant-like terminal portion. 'Cucullate,' ' mucronate,' ' en pioche,' and other terms have been used as descriptive of them. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES Color white, with the branchiae tinged with pink and conspicuously spotted with dark purple, forming bands. Number of segments about 80, of which 8 belong to the thorax. The branchiae number about 22 in each lobe, not counting the 3 or 4 small ones at the lower or ventral end. They are about 16 mm. long, broad and flat on the back, with the membranous edges ruffled and very conspicuously developed along their distal portions. Eyes in pairs, situated in the color spots, so that they are not readily found. Length of figured specimen 2.25 inches; breadth at base of collar about 7.5 mm. ; length of thorax along seta? 7 mm. Kadiak, July 3, four specimens. This species closely resembles Sabella crassicornis Sars, as figured by Malmgren (1865), but has more numerous branchiae and color spots. It is easily distinguished from the other species of this region by the regular arrangement of the color spots on the rachises and the extending of the color onto the pinnae, which is unusual. SABELLA HUMILIS sp. nov. pi. xxvu, fig. 2 ; pi. xxxvi, figs. 4-11. Type locality. — Popof Island. Compared with the smallest specimen of S. elegans, which has about 50 segments (7 on the thorax) in a length of 15 mm. and a breadth of about 2.5 mm., this species is shorter, having 55 segments (8 on the thorax) in a length of 1 1 mm. and breadth of 2 mm. The branchiae, though of similar form, length, and number (12 pairs), have the basal membrane more developed and but three series of unequal-sized spots of color, on most of which a pair of eyes is situ- ated, while the former has six series of color spots of about equal size, and regular in arrangement. There is also a noticeable contrast be- tween the prevailing colors — deep crimson in the present species, and pale yellowish white in S. elegans. The tube is thin, horn-color, with a coating of very fine grey sand. Popof Island, July 8, one specimen, dredged. SABELLA LEPTALEA sp. nov. pi. xxvu, fig. 6a ; pi. xxxni, figs. 5, 14, 27, 29 ; pi. xxxiv, figs. 6-9, 22. Type locality. — Kadiak. In form and coloring this species closely resembles S.formosa and S. elegans, but differs in having the pinnae of the branchiae fewer, shorter, and exceedingly delicate. Ip6 BUSH There are about 90 segments in the largest specimen, of which 8 belong to the thoracic region. Branchial lobes small, considerably developed ventrally, each bearing about 22 rather long branchiae, which are connected by a basal mem- brane ; the rachises taper gradually toward the extremity, which often bears a short, very delicate terminal filament; their two thin outer edges are considerably developed and turn outward, especially near the tip ; their pinnae are moderately long, exceedingly slender, and gradu- ally decrease in length. Eyes single or in pairs on nearly all of the brown color spots, which number from 5 to 8 on different branchiae. Length 75 mm. ; breadth at base of thorax 10 mm. ; length of thorax along setae about n mm. ; length of branchiae about 19 mm. Kadiak, July 3, three 9 specimens. One specimen was taken from its tube, which is very thin and flex- ible, of a dark purplish brown color, with a coating of very fine gray sand. SABELLA FORMOSA sp. nov. pi. xxvn, fig. 66; pi. xxxin, fig. 32; pi. xxxiv, figs. 14, 21 ; pi. xxxv, figs. 7, 25, 30; pi. xxxvi, figs. 25, 32. Type locality. — Berg or Glacier Bay. A large species, similar in size and form to S. leptalea, of a beauti- ful pink color, the branchiae of a deeper shade, with large brown spots varying in number from 3 to 7 and not evenly spaced, as in S. elegans. In the largest specimen, which is distended with eggs and not very well preserved, there are about 70 segments, of which 8 belong to the thorax. The branchial lobes arch well forward ventrally, the free portion forming noticeable spirals when unexpanded. The branchiae, about 29 in each lobe, not counting 4 or 5 undeveloped ventral ones, are comparatively long and slender, with closely crowded, very long and slender pinnae, which decrease abruptly, leaving relatively short thin ends. Eyes of good size, arranged in pairs on some but not all of the brown spots. Collar simply rounded at the ventral fissure, without angular lobes, often with spots of brown at the bases of the noticeable lateral clefts. Length of largest specimen about 100 mm. ; branchiae 23 mm. ; breadth at base of thorax about 10 mm. Length of smallest specimen about 47 mm. ; breadth about 7 mm. Berg or Glacier Bay, June 10, four specimens, dredged. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES Tubes thin and flexible ; brown, with a tinge of pink ; joined to each other, covered with exceedingly fine gray sand, to which delicate hydroids are attached. This is readily distinguished from the other allied forms by the more numerous branchiae, with their very long crowded pinnae and irregu- larly arranged brown spots. SABELLA ( ?) VANCOUVERI Kinberg. Sabella vancouveri KINBERG, Annulata nova, p. 353, 1866. Type locality. — Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Nothing corresponding to this species occurs in the present collection. It was described by Kinberg (1866) as having a stout body ; 8 or 9? thoracic segments ; 182 branchiae on both sides, 18-23 mm- l°ng» with 5 purple bands ; setae limbate, hastate ; uncini ; length of the 36 an- terior segments, 60 mm. No mention is made of the form of the branchial lobes, yet the large number of branchiae make it improbable that the species can be a typ- ical Sabella. No species of Eudistylia, however, has more than 3 bands of color on the branchiae, and those of Schizobranchia are not banded. Genus Paralaonome nov. Type, Laonome japonica Marenzeller. The above species was erroneously referred by Marenzeller to the genus Laonome of Malmgren (1865) , agreeing with L. kroyeri Malm- gren, the type, only in having a single series of avicular uncini in all the tori ; these differ greatly in form, however, being distinctly pro- longed posteriorly, not truncated as in Malmgren's species. The branchial lobes are large, prolonged ventrally, spirally coiled in retraction, as in Sabella, and bear numerous branchiae arranged in a double series. The narrow four-lobed collar differs, also, from the much more con- spicuous two-lobed one on L. kroyeri. Paralaonome is therefore proposed for the reception of the Japan- ese species, notwithstanding the fact that Saint- Joseph (1894) sug- gested that it should be referred to the genus Sabellastarte Savigny (1809), type S. indica Savigny (1809), although it does not appear to agree very closely with the other species placed there. Laonome antarctica Kinberg (1866) from the Straits of Magellan may prove to be a related species. 190 BUSH PARALAONOME JAPONICA (Marenzeller) . Laonome japonica MARENZELLER, Siidjapanische Anneliden, p. 212, pi. in, figs. 4(A-c), 1884. Sabcllastarte japonica SAINT- JOSEPH, Ann61ides de Dinard, p. 249, 1894. Type locality. — Japan. Branchial lobes much prolonged ventrally, and spirally coiled in re- traction, possibly unrolled in expansion, bearing 100 to no or more moderately long branchiae arranged in two series, their wine-colored rachises slender, four-sided, the two inner edges with closely crowded yellowish pinnae. Eyes, if present, not discernible. Collar inconspicuous, four-lobed, the dorso-lateral incisions forming small dorsal lobes separated by a deep furrow ; at the ventral fissure simply rounded without angular ends. Number of segments about 200, of which 8 belong to the thorax, on which the fascicles of setae, which are circular in form as in Sabella, form very oblique series. Setae on all of the segments long, regularly tapered, of two forms, narrow and broad. Avicular uncini only in all the tori. Length, without the branchiae, of a much contracted specimen 70 mm. ; breadth 10 mm. The above characters are taken from a specimen in the Yale Uni- versity Museum, and agree well with those given by Marenzeller, differing only in size and number of branchiae, stated by him to be 144. Genus Dasychone Sars 1861. Type, Dasychone decora Sars = ? Dasychone infarcta (Kroyer 1856) Malmgren 1865. The various species which have been referred to this genus vary so greatly in the size and form of the branchial lobes, the size and arrange- ment of the outer branchial processes, also the form of the collar, that they need much careful study and separation, probably resulting in the further division of the genus (see p. 192). Genus Dasychonopsis nov. Dasychone MALMGREN 1865, in part. Type, Dasychonopsis pallidus sp. nov. The type (Z>. pallidus), in its small (not spiral) branchial lobes and bilobed collar, agrees with Dasychone argus Sars, as figured by Malm- gren (1865). Both are unlike D. infarcta (Kroyer), supposed to be identical with D. decora, given by Sars in 1861 as his first species and therefore taken as the type of the genus Dasychone. This has the SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 199 branchial lobes much prolonged ventrally, and spirally coiled, and the collar distinctly four-lobed, with conspicuous ventro-lateral and ventral incisions. The name Dasychonopsis is therefore proposed for D. pal- lidus sp. nov., as type. D. compressa Ehlers (1887) and D. curta Ehlers (1901) are related species. DASYCHONOPSIS PALLIDUS sp. nov. Type locality. — Honolulu. A small nearly colorless species, with long slender branchiae about one half as long as body, a little rust color on the branchial lobes and minute darker dots at the outer end of each torus. Branchial lobes small, not prolonged ventrally, neither spiral nor involute, bearing 9 pairs (18) of branchiae having slender four-sided rachises, with moderately long, delicate, tapered tips, often curled in- ward, connected posteriorly by a shallow inconspicuous membrane ; slender, well-separated pinnae along their two inner edges, and com- paratively stout tapered processes, forming 5 to 8 pairs, situated at regular intervals along the two outer ones ; between the processes a pair of yellowish brown eyes often occur ; at the edge of the inter- branchial membrane a single long, slender process, turning outward, arises from the dorsal outer edge of each rachis. Collar two-lobed, without lateral incisions, of nearly uniform depth, arising abruptly just above the dorsal setae, widely separated, ending in angular ventral flaps. Number of segments 18, of which 5 belong to the thorax, on which the small circular fascicles of setae form oblique series. Collar setae long, regularly tapered, of two forms, narrow and broad ; on the other thoracic segments broad ones only ; on the abdo- men they are of two forms, similar to those on the collar but much longer ; uncini only in all the tori, those on the abdomen with more numerous apical teeth. Entire length 7.5 mm. ; branchiae about 4 mm. Kinberg (1866) described Sabella havaica from Honolulu as hav- ing the outer processes on the branchiae, characteristic of Dasychone. Although similar in size (8 mm.) to the present species, it has 13 branchiae and 44 segments. Genus Parasabella nov. Type, Parasabella media sp. nov. This generic name is proposed for species which, though resembling typical Sabellas in form, have the branchial lobes small, but slightly 2OO BUSH prolonged ventrally, with the branchiae not so distinctly four-sided, and connected by a very slightly developed, posterior, interbranchial, mem- branous web. The collar bilobed, without lateral incisions, widely separated on the back, ending in more or less angular ventral ends. All the fascicles of setae laterally elongated. Setae on the thorax of two forms ; superior ones long, regularly tapered ; inferior ones shorter, broader, and oblanceolate. Tori with avicular uncini and pennoned setae. Sabella microphthalma Verrill (1874) from the southern coast of New England is a Parasabella. PARASABELLA MEDIA sp. nov. pi. xxvn, figs. 3-5; pi. xxxni, figs. 34-36; pi. xxxiv, fig. 3; pi. xxxvi, figs. 13, 14; pi. xxxvn, fig. 30. Type locality. — Kadiak. This small species is short and stout, abruptly tapered near the broad posterior end, light brown in color, tinged with crimson, with the branchiae variously spotted with dark brown. Segments about 100 in the largest example, of which 8 belong to the thorax, on which the fascicles of setae form oblique series. Branchial lobes but slightly prolonged ventrally, bearing about 18 pairs of long, rather slender, much curled and twisted branchiae ; their rachises not so distinctly four-sided as in Sabella, and not connected by a noticeable basal membrane or web ; pinnae short, but little devel- oped, leaving long tapered ends. The irregular development of the pinna; and the curling of the branchiae are largely, if not entirely, due to the presence of a curious parasite which attaches itself to, and develops in masses along, the thin inner membranous edges of the rachises. These masses are protected by a thin transparent wall. Eyes none ; not discernible in preserved specimens. Collar well developed, without lateral incisions, open on the back, arising abruptly midway between the broad dorsal furrow and the first fascicle of setae, ending in small, angular, ventral lobes. Setae characteristic of the genus, with the exception of the pennoned ones of the thoracic tori, which have one side larger than the other, and developed into a long, slender, terminal filament, which is separated or split at its base, from the pointed end of the shaft or manubrium. Length of largest specimen about 35 mm. ; breadth at base of thorax about 5 mm. ; at base of collar 4 mm. ; length of thorax along setae about 5.5 mm. Length of smallest specimens 19 mm. ; breadth at base of thorax about 4 mm. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 2OI Kadiak, July 3, several specimens. Their tubes, which are semi- transparent, horn color, with more or less foreign matter adhering in patches, are attached in clusters or colonies. PARASABELLA MACULATA sp. nov. pi. xxvin, figs. 8, 9; pi. xxxm, figs. 8, 12, 33 ; pi. xxxiv, fig. 2 ; pi. xxxvi, figs. 12, 15, l6, 21, 22. Type locality. — Kadiak. A rather long, slender species, yellowish white, with the branchiae irregularly spotted with brown, each rachis having its two outer edges marked by dashes and spots of dark chocolate brown, and the pinnae banded with a lighter shade. Segments rather long and well defined, about 70 in number, of which 8 belong to the thorax, where the fascicles of setae are in nearly straight series. Branchiae about 14 pairs ; not joined by a basal web, narrow, with- out noticeably thinner edges ; the pinnae of moderate length, gradually decreasing toward the end, leaving a comparatively long, rounded, tapered, naked terminal portion. Eyes not discernible. Collar well developed, round, of nearly uniform depth, arising abruptly a little above the dorsal fascicles of setae, and ending in two small ventral lobes. Oral membrane conspicuous, tentacles long, broad at base, with an opaque, rib-like median portion tapering into the long slender end. Dorsal furrow conspicuous on the first three segments. Length about 35 mm. ; branchiae about 10 mm. ; breadth at base of thorax 3.5 mm. Kadiak, July 3, one specimen. Although so very dissimilar in general appearance, this species is very much like the preceding in the coloring of the branchiae and form of most of the setae, but those of the tori do not appear to have the conspicuous split seen in that species (pi. xxxvn, fig. 30). PARASABELLA sp. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. A very small colorless specimen, destitute of branchial lobes, has the round bilobed collar and form of setae characteristic of this genus. It has 8 thoracic and 50 abdominal segments. Length 1 2 mm. ; of thorax 3 mm. ; breadth 2 mm. 2O2 BUSKt Genus Aspeira nov. Type, Aspeira modesta sp. nov. Branchial lobes with small basal attachment, not spiral, without ventral prolongation, and united dorsally, bearing a single series of moderately long, simple plumose branchiae of about equal length, their rachises rounded on the back and, along the two inner edges, having a conspicuous ruffled membrane, most developed posteriorly, outside of which the long, rather coarse, well-separated (especially posteriorly) pinnas arise ; these extend nearly to the end of the rachis, leaving but a very small tapered tip. Eyes none. Collar bilobed, as in Potamilla, arising from the dorsal furrow and continuing in an unbroken curve to the ventral fissure, where it ab- ruptly expands into long, narrow, triangular processes, twisted strongly backward. Inside the collar are two well-marked dorsal cephalic swellings. A conspicuous ruffled membrane extends inward from the ventral fissure of the collar, inside each branchial lobe, folds on itself, and terminates at the ventral end. On each side of the mouth is a very large, irregular, leaf -like membranous lobe supporting a long, slender, dorsal tentacle, which is attached near its base to the inside of the branchial lobe. Fascicles of setae laterally elongated as in Pseudopotamilla and Eudistylia. Setae of the collar fascicle and superior ones of the other thoracic fascicles, with regularly tapered, lanceolate blades ; inferior setae, back of the collar, vary from oblanceolate (the longer) to subspatulate (the shorter) forms ; abdominal setae bent at the base of the long, abruptly tapered blade. Thoracic tori with avicular hooks and pen- noned setae ; abdominal tori with avicular hooks only. This genus forms a connecting link between the genera Parasabella and Potamilla. ASPEIRA MODESTA sp. nov. pi. xxv, fig. 3 ; pi. xxxvi, figs. 27-31, 33-35. Type locality. — Kadiak. Color in formalin yellowish, with the branchiae broadly and irreg- ularly banded with light chestnut. Number of segments about 90, with 6 on one side of the thorax and 7 on the other; the fascicles of setae in slightly oblique series. Branchiae about n mm. in length, arranged in a single series of 13 equal pairs, besides 2 small undeveloped ventral ones. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 203 Length about 46 mm., or 1.6 inches; breadth 5 mm.; length of thorax along setae about 5 mm. Kadiak, July 3, one specimen. Genus Potamilla Malmgren 1865. Type, Potamilla neglecta (Sars). The genus Potamilla of Malmgren appears to have been rather vaguely used by subsequent writers. It was proposed in 1865 for the species Sabella neglecta Sars (1851), redescribed and figured as the first species, and Potamilla torelli Malmgren, which are readily dis- tinguished, especially from species of Sabella, by the bilobed collar meeting at the dorsal furrow and by shorter, broader, subspatulatc, inferior thoracic setae ; their borders, however, being equal, not unequal as given by Malmgren. It was also suggested that Sabella reniformis (Miiller) Leuckart might be referable to the same genus, but the excellent figures given in 1867 show a marked difference in the four-lobed collar with deep dorso-lateral incisions or notches, as well as in the shorter, spatulate inferior thoracic seta?. The new name Pseudo^otamilla is therefore proposed for such forms. All species hitherto referred to Potamilla need much careful study before their correct relationship can be determined. Potamilla malmgreni Hansen (1882) from N. L. 63-65° -f , W. L. 5-7° +, in 1163-1215 fathoms, should be referred to the genus Potamis Ehlers (I887).1 The avicular thoracic hooks are somewhat analogous in form to those in Euchone* Genus Pseudopotamilla nov. Type, Potamilla reniformis (Miiller -f Leuckart) Malmgren. This generic name is proposed for species similar to P. reniformis which have hitherto been referred to the genus Potamilla. The branchial lobes are simple, and not prolonged ventrally, but differ from those in Potamilla in having the dorsal ends protected by a stiff, sharp or thin edge, often turning outward. Malmgren's figure 77A, pi. xni, 1867, is not sufficiently clear to show this. The collar is four-lobed, meeting on the back, with small, angular, dorsal lobes formed by conspicuous dorso-lateral incisions or notches, and more or less developed, usually pointed, ventral ends. 'Type, Potamis sfatkiferus Ehlers, from off the coast of Florida, In 275 fathoms. 204 BUSH Oral membranes as in Potamilla and related genera ; one extending inward from each side of the ventral fissure, along the base of each branchial lobe, folding on itself to the ventral end of the lobe ; the other, inside this, more or less irregular, leaf-like in form, supporting long, slender, tapered, dorsal ends. Fascicles of the seta small, laterally elongated, in straight series ; thoracic tori comparatively short, of about uniform length. Inferior thoracic setae, back of the collar fascicle, spatulate in form. Miiller 1771, as Amphitrite, Leuckart 1849, as Sabella, Quatre- fages 1865 and Mclntosh 1868, as Sabella saxicava, Malmgren 1867 -f- Marion and Bobretzky 1875 -f- Marion 1878 -j- Langerhans 1884 -f- Andrews 1891 and Saint -Joseph 1894, as Potamilla, have published figures of this species, but as there appears to be considerable variation in the form of the setae, especially the uncini, it is probable that the name has been sometimes erroneously applied. In this genus can be placed Potamilla ocultfera Leidy (1855), which has long been considered synonymous with P. reniformts. Figures of the characteristic seta? of specimens (NO. 885 Yale Mu- seum), collected at Watch Hill, Rhode Island, are given on pi. xxxiu, figs. 6, 30; pi. xxxiv, fig. ii ; pi. xxxvn, figs, n, 13, 14, 29. Pota- milla tortuosa Webster (1878), from the Virginia coast, has similai inferior thoracic setae, and may possibly belong here. Mclntosh (1885) thought this identical with the species from Torquay identified by him as Sabella saxicava. Pseudopotamilla reniformis (Miiller) was recorded from Bering Sea by Marenzeller (1890). PSEUDOPOTAMILLA DEBILIS sp. nov. pi. xxxvi, figs. 23, 24, 26. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. A long, slender, delicate, nearly colorless specimen, has only faint indications of brown along the distal portion of the branchiae, which number about 16 in each lobe and are very long (about 7.5 mm.) and very slender, with long, delicate, well-separated pinnae and a few scattered eyes. The collar has very wide dorso-lateral notches and long, narrow, pointed, ventral ends. There are 8 thoracic and over 50 abdominal segments (extremity mutilated) . Length of thorax along setae about 4 mm. ; breadth about 2.5 mm. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 205 Genus Schizobranchia nov. Type, Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov. The three most typical species (insignis, nobilis, and concinna) of this genus are remarkable for their large size and beautiful deep wine-colored, much-divided branchiae. The small, nearly semicircular branchial lobes are simple, not spiral, and bear long branchiae, stout at base, often irregularly arranged in two series and usually regularly dichotomously divided from i to 6 times, so that the tips number several hundred. The ends of the lobes are stiffened and protected by conspicuous, usually white, carti- laginous edges. The two much smaller species (dubia and ajfinis), however, and the young of these large forms, do not have all the branchiae forked, but some are simple, thus showing a connecting link with species of typical Pseudopotamilla, in which all the branchiae are simple. Eyes numerous, varying in size and arrangement along the back of most of the rachises of the branchiae. Mouth protected on each side by three deep membranous frills or folds. The two outer ones form a single membrane, which is attached at one end to the inner surface of the ventral edge of the branchial lobe, extends inward along the base of the lobe to about the middle, then, folding on itself, terminates at the collar fastened to the side of the ventral fissure. The inner one, next the mouth, is large, irregular, somewhat leaf-like in form, deepest ventrally and abruptly tapered into a long narrow end ; dorsally bearing a delicate filamentose tentacle, which arises from the inner surface of the dorsal edge of the branchial lobe. Collar four-lobed, as in Eudistylia and Pseudopotamilla ; deepest along the sides beyond the small, angular, dorsal lobes, curving more or less broadly and abruptly forward from the dorso-lateral notches, ending in small angular processes on each side of the shallow ventral fissure. Body long and usually slender, more or less compressed dorso-ven- trally, very gradually tapered to the pointed posterior end. Dorsal groove most conspicuous on the first segments. Fascicles of setae similar in form to those of Eudistylia and Pseudopotamilla, usually in a nearly straight series on the sides of the thorax, often oblique in much contracted specimens. Setae similar in form to those of Pseudopotamilla. Chitinous tubes usually solitary when fully developed, twisted about one another in colonies or groups when immature ; thick along their 2O6 BUSH lower embedded portions, of a rusty brown color, much thinner above, of a light horn color, sometimes tinged with wine color, covered with a thin layer of fine gray sand, to which small hydroids, ascidians, and seaweeds adhere ; within, sometimes beautifully iridescent or silvery. SCHIZOBRANCHIA INSIGNIS sp. nov. pi. xxiv, figs, i, 2 ; pi. xxvii, fig. i ; pi. xxvin, fig. 5 ; pi. xxxv, figs. 2, 12, 13, 15, 16, 26, 27. Type locality. — Yakutat. This large species is light brown in color, more or less tinged with pink, with the branchiae sometimes of the same tone but usually of a deep wine color. Segments short, flattened, numbering about 180 in the largest speci- mens, of which 8 belong to the thorax ; in those of medium size the number varies from 6 to 8. Branchiae stout at base, comparatively short, the larger portion of them of nearly uniform length, measuring 17 mm. They are often ar- ranged somewhat biserially, and number about 16 in the outer or regular series ; in immature specimens the number often differs in the two lobes. Each rachis is usually regularly dichotomously divided from one to four times, so that there may be between 200 and 300 ter- minal branches (occasionally one occurs which has three primary divisions) ; the pinnae are long and slender, crowded distally, forming very blunt, broadly rounded ends, which are often much twisted. Eyes large, numerous, irregularly placed on the back of most of the rachises, principally along the posterior portion. Collar very deep at the sides, at the end of the slightly developed dorsal lobes. Fascicles of setae in slightly oblique series on the thorax. Many of the specimens have eggs showing along the abdominal tori. Length of a perfect specimen about 158 mm., or 6.25 inches ; breadth at base of collar about 7 mm. ; length of thorax along setae about 14 mm. A young, much contracted specimen has 18 pairs of branchiae, all forked, the longest twice. It is about 5 mm. in breadth, and has 8 thoracic and 80 abdominal segments in a length of 37 mm. Another, less contracted one, about 4 mm. broad, has 16 pairs of branchiae, 8 thoracic and 100 abdominal segments in a length of 75 mm. A smaller one, about 3.5 mm. broad, has 18 pairs of simple branchiae, 8 thoracic and 50 abdominal segments in a length of about 20 mm. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 207 Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, June" i, one poorly preserved specimen ; New Metlakatla, Annette Island, June 4, three very young specimens ; Yakutat, June 19, numerous specimens. SCHIZOBRANCHIA NOBILIS sp. nov. pi. xxiv, fig. 3; pi. xxvin, fig. 7; pi. xxxin, fig. 22 ; pi. xxxv, figs, i, 3-6, 8, 10, n, 23. Type locality. — Orca, Prince William Sound. This species often has the whole body pervaded with pink or light wine color, and is larger than the preceding (S. insignis), with longer (about 23 mm.), more flexible, and more numerous branchiae, there being about 26 in the outer series in each lobe, but similarly divided, the longest 4 times ; the pinnae are less crowded, forming more tapered ends. Eyes numerous, varying in size and arrangement, sometimes with a diagonal line of pigment. Many of the specimens are without posterior portions. The largest has 72 segments in a length of about 165 mm., or 6.5 inches. It is about 8 mm. broad at base of collar, and the 8 thoracic segments meas- ure about 15 mm. along setae. Two specimens " killed in formalin" are much contracted, and vary in breadth at base of thorax from 10 to 12 mm. The anterior fascicles of setae form very oblique series, and on one specimen number 9 in a length of 15 mm. ; on the other there are 8 in a length of 12.5 mm. Both have lost posterior portions, one having 60 segments in a length of 72 mm., the other 80 segments in 98 mm. In one the branchiae, which number about 22 in each lobe, are beautifully expanded, the longest measuring about 30 mm. They are stout, unequal at base, and not regularly dichotomously divided, some having 4 and 5 divisions, so that some of the tips are double and some single, and may number 26 on a single branchia. Young speci- mens common at Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island, about 3 mm. broad and from 25 to 75 mm. long, have from 6 to 8 thoracic segments, 12 to 1 6 pairs of branchiae, the longest divided 2 or 3 times ; occasion- ally one has 3 primary or basal divisions. A single specimen from Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, differs from these in having 10 thoracic segments ; on one side two of them have two fascicles of setae and two tori. A few specimens contain eggs. Orca, Prince William Sound, June 25-26, several specimens ; Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, June 27, one immature specimen ; Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island, July 8 and 1 7, many young. 2O8 BUSH SCHIZOBRANCHIA CONCINNA sp. nov. pi. xxiii, figs. 2, 3; pi. xxvin, fig. 2; pi. xxxiv, figs. 15, 17, 18; pi. xxxv, figs. 17, 24. Type locality. — Orca, Prince William Sound. At Orca, with the preceding species (S. nobilis}, the anterior por- tion of a single specimen was found, which is remarkable for its slen- der rounded form and long, unequal, very slender branchiae with their numerous terminal branches, about 22 in each lobe, the long ones about 30 mm. in length, often regularly forked 6 times, so that one might have as many as 64 tips. The pinna are long and very slender. The eyes are numerous and very conspicuous, though varying in size, often with a diagonal line of pigment. There are about 16 segments in a length of about 33 mm., 8 of which belong to the thorax, which is about 7-5 mm. in breadth at base of collar and 13 mm. in length along seta?. Young, varying in size from n to over 50 mm. in length and .5 to 3 mm. in breadth, have 5 to 14 pairs of branchiae, 6 to 8 thoracic and from 40 to over 60 abdominal segments. They differ from S. dubia in having both body and branchiae tinged with delicate pink or wine color and the setae andavicular uncini larger and more numerous. SCHIZOBRANCHIA DUBIA sp. nov. pi. xxvni, fig. i ; pi. xxix, fig. i ; pi. xxxni, fig. 7; pi. xxxvi, figs, i, 2, 3, 17, 18, 19, 20; pi. xxxvn, fig. 28. Type locality. — Orca, Prince William Sound. This species bears a superficial resemblance to Pseudopotamilla reniformis (Miiller) and P. ocullfera Leidy, but differs in having some of the branchiae forked. The slender tubes are found in closely crowded masses. The animals in preservation show but a slight tinge of brown on the base of the branchiae, which are relatively long and slender, with long graceful pinnae forming broadly rounded ends. Eyes very conspicuous. There is great irregularity in the development of the 40 or 50 speci- mens examined. Among those of the same size, the larger number have 6 and 7 thoracic segments on opposite sides, a few have 8, and one has 9 ; in those differing in size this inconstancy is still more marked. The smallest specimen, about 6 mm. long and i mm. broad, has 8 thoracic and 25 abdominal segments, 5 pairs of branchiae, the dorsal ones forked; another, about 7 mm. long, has 8 thoracic and about 50 abdominal segments, 7 pairs of branchiae ; another, 15 mm. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 209 long, has 6 and 7 thoracic and 50 abdominal segments and 8 pairs of branchiae ; among the largest specimens, 67 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, one has 7 thoracic and 115 abdominal segments and 14 pairs of branchiae, and another has 8 thoracic segments and 15 pairs of branchiae. There is also great diversity in the number of branchiae which become forked. The short tori and small fascicles of setae forming straight series along the sides of the body, and the inferior spatulate setae usually arranged in two parallel rows, appear to be constant in character. Numerous specimens of a similar slender form collected at Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island, differ in their relatively shorter, stouter, more divided branchiae and in the greater number and size of their setae and avicular uncini, which agree in form with those of S. nobilis. SCHIZOBRANCHIA AFFINIS sp. nov. pi. xxxin, figs. 9, ii, 17, 23 ; pi. xxxv, fig. 9. Type locality. — Popof Island. Two small crimson or wine-colored specimens appear to have little affinity with those of similar size belonging to other species. They are immature, as only one has the longest dorsal branchiae forked; and as they are said to have been dredged, they are probably the young of some shallow- water form. They are about 3 mm. in breadth, and have from 13 to 16 pairs of branchiae about 7 mm. in length, which have long, rather stout, regu- larly developed pinnae and a few conspicuous eyes. In both specimens posterior segments are wanting. One has 9 thoracic and 35 abdom- inal segments in a length of 27 mm., and the other has 8 thoracic and 20 abdominal segments, with well-developed eggs showing along their tori, in a length of 28 mm. Genus Eudistylia nov. Type, Evdistylia gigantea sp. nov. Like Distylia of Quatrefages (1865), this genus has the branchial lobes equal and spirally coiled, forming more or less elongated, per- manent spires, differing in this character from typical Sabetta and other genera which have the branchial lobes attached but a portion of their length, the more or less prolonged ventral portion being free and spirally twisted or involute in retraction, flaring in expansion (pi. xxvi, fig. 2) . Dorsal ends protected or stiffened by a conspicuous, usually white, thin edge. 2IO BUSH Branchia? numerous, usually simple, rarely divided, generally ar- ranged in a single series, sometimes irregularly biserial, plumose, with a stout, gradually tapered, three-sided stem or rachis, rounded on the back, without appendages, flattened and slightly grooved along the inner surface, with thin membranous edges along the two angles, especially posteriorly, outside of which the long slender pinnae arise. These decrease in length, more or less abruptly, near the end, leaving a short tapered tip. Groups of from 2 to 6 long delicate cilia, arranged in alternating longitudinal rows, are found on the surface of the pinnae, under a high power. Eyes usually present, irregularly arranged on one or both sides of the back of some of the rachises. Collar four-lobed, meeting on the back, but little developed dorsally, arching more or less abruptly from dorso-lateral notches and continu- ing obliquely in a more or less undulating curve to small ventral ends. A thin, wide, ruffled membrane extends inward from the ventral fissure along the base of the branchial lobes to the summit of each spire. Next the mouth are two large, irregular, leaf-like tentacles. Body more or less compressed dorso-ventrally, gradually tapered to the pointed posterior end. Dorsal furrow very conspicuous anteriorly. Fascicles of setae, forming more or less oblique series on the thorax, of two forms : superior ones crescent-shaped, inferior ones laterally elongated, protected by a conspicuous auriform membrane. On the abdomen they are laterally elliptical. Superior setae comparatively few, with narrow lanceolate ends. Inferior setae more numerous, of two forms, those of the first fascicle at the base of the collar with broader ends, those of the other fascicles, in 6 to 8 parallel rows, with spatulate ends. Setae on the abdomen somewhat similar to the inferior ones of the collar fascicle, but longer and bent at the base of the blade. Two forms in the thoracic tori — avicular hooks (uncini) and pennoned setae ; avicular hooks only in the abdominal tori. This genus is readily distinguished from Distylia by the spatulate inferior thoracic setae. EUDISTYLIA GIGANTEA sp. nov. pi. xxi, figs, i, 2; pi. xxn, figs. 4, a, c, d\ pi. xxm, fig. i ; pi. xxv, fig. 4; pi. xxxii, figs. 1-8, 10-14, 16, 17, 21, 23-26; pi. xxxiv, fig. 23. Type locality. — Orca, Prince William Sound. Color in formalin, yellow, tinged with brown, the branchiae with three conspicuous bands of dark maroon or wine color. Small speci- SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 211 mens are much paler. Number of segments about 340, of which 8 belong to the thoracic region. They are very short on the abdomen, so that the tori are closely crowded. Branchial lobes forming well- separated spires of about 2^ turns, measuring about 16 mm. in height, without branchiae. Branchiae long and flexible, the longest from 33.5 to 36.5 mm. in length in different specimens, numbering 125 to 135 in each lobe, and usually arranged in a single series ; occasionally one occurs which has an additional one in front of it ; one is also sometimes divided. Eyes of good size, varying in number on different specimens and also in number and relative position on the same specimen. Collar increasing abruptly in height from the wide angular lateral notches, slanting obliquely forward at a considerable angle, with slightly undulating margin and ending in two prominent angular processes on either side of the median ventral fissure. Dorsal furrow very deep on the first few segments, turns to the right at the seventh segment, passes diagonally across the eighth segment to the ventral region, then diagonally across the first abdominal segment, turning downward into the ventral groove at the second segment. Length of largest specimen 12 inches, breadth at end of thorax about 17 mm. ; length of thorax along setae about 13 mm., varying in different specimens from 1 1 to 15 mm. Another perfect specimen is 9.75 inches long and about 15 mm. wide. Tube solitary, more or less bent, of a tough brownish chitinous sub- stance, the rough surface usually covered along the exposed portion with sponges, ascidians, hydroids, seaweeds, etc. Yakutat, June 22, two small specimens ; Orca, Prince William Sound, June 25, ten large specimens ; Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, June 26, two small specimens. Some of the specimens are abnormally developed. In the one fig- ured, where an injury has been repaired, the symmetry in the arrange- ment and form of the thoracic setae is interrupted, on one side between the sixth and seventh segments and on the other between the seventh and eighth. The additional one has no slender lanceolate superior setae, but a somewhat elliptical fascicle of spatulate setae, like the inferior ones ; no torus, but an elliptical fascicle of setae similar to those on the abdo- men. Another, which also shows repairs of injuries, has 10 thoracic segments and smaller branchial lobes forming spires of about i£ turns, with but 70 to 80 shorter (about 27 mm.) branchiae arranged mostly in a double series, sometimes branched, rarely more than once. The avicular hooks also vary somewhat in form. 212 BUSH In some, eggs are seen through the integument along the abdominal tori. A number of parasitic nematode worms were taken from the entire length of one specimen which was dissected. They were twisted about the spirally coiled intestine, filling the cavity on the sides of the segments. EUDISTYLIA PLUMOSA sp. nov. pi. xxi, figs. 3, 4; pi. xxn, fig. 4, £; pi. xxxn, figs. 9, 15, 18, 19, 20, 22. Type locality. — Sitka. Color in formalin, light brown, the branchiae banded with delicate pink. The specimen is imperfect, there being but about 60 segments, of which 8 belong to the thoracic region. On the abdomen they are about twice as long as in the other related species, and well rounded. Branchial lobes forming spires of 3 full turns measuring in height about 13 mm. without the branchiae, which are beautifully plumose, long (about 22 mm.), very graceful, rarely divided, numbering about 135 in each lobe, arranged in a single series. Eyes small, few, scattered, being present on but a few of the rachises. Collar with very small dorsal lobes, increasing abruptly in height from small lateral notches, arching upward and forward in a regular curve to the conspicuous ventral ends. Dorsal furrow very deep on the first three segments, turns to the right, passes diagonally across the eighth segment to the ventral region, curves around the fascicle of setae of the first abdominal segment, and merges into the ventral groove on the second. Length 4.5 inches; breadth at the end of thorax about 12 mm.; length of thorax along setae about 13.5 mm. Sitka, one imperfect specimen with a tough, semitransparent, chiti- nous tube. This species can be readily identified by its rounded, little-tapered form, long and rounded segments, high collar, and very graceful and plume-like branchiae. EUDISTYLIA ABBREVIATA sp. nov. pi. xxiv, fig. 4; pi. XXXIH, figs, i, 2, 10, 18, 5; pi. xxxiv, figs. 13, 16. Type locality. — Yakutat. Although similar in coloring to E. gigantea, this species is easily recognized by the comparatively short, stout branchiae. Medium-sized specimens (pi. xxiv, fig. 4) show a striking resemblance in form to species of Schizobranchia. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 213 Branchial lobes forming low spires of about 2 turns, with 70 or So short (about 16 mm.), stout, stiff, rarely divided branchiae. Eyes very small and few in number. Collar deep along the sides, curving abruptly and obliquely from the dorso-lateral notches to the rounded ventral ends. Thoracic segments 8 ; abdominal segments in a medium-sized per- fect specimen about 240; one very large mutilated one has over 325 segments. The former is 6.5 inches, or 164 mm. long, 12 mm. along thoracic setae, and 8.5 mm. broad at base of collar. Large ones are 12 mm. broad, and probably attain a length of 10 or 12 inches. One of the smallest specimens, with about 100 segments, is 30 mm. long and about 2.5 mm. broad. Tubes covered with rather coarse black and variegated sand, which in turn is sometimes overspread by compound ascidians. Yakutat, June 22, seven specimens ; Ocean Cape, Yakutat, five specimens; Sitka, June 17, one specimen. EUDISTYLIA TENELLA sp. nov. pi. xxii, figs. 2, 3 ; pi. xxni, figs. 4, 5; pi. xxxin, figs. 16, 19, 24; pi. xxxiv, fig. 12 ; Pl. XXXV, fig. 22. Type locality. — Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. This species is at once distinguished by its very delicate branchiae, the inner edges of their very slender rachises bordered by opaque yel- lowish crenulations from which the exceedingly fine cilia-like pinnae arise. In the largest specimen the segments are irregularly developed on both the thorax and abdomen, especially along the middle portion, where some are divided on one side and others on the opposite side, the total number, however, being about the same (175) ; of these 10 on the left side and 1 1 on the right side belong to the thorax, the ir- regularity occurring on the first three segments. Three smaller speci- mens are, however, symmetrically developed and have but 8 thoracic segments. Branchial lobes forming low spires of about 2 turns, bearing from 70 to 75 very slender branchiae in an irregular double series, measuring about 1 6 mm. in length, usually of a very delicate pink color, some- times with a broad band of deep wine color near their tips. Eyes none. Collar with inconspicuous dorsal lobes, and wide shallow lateral notches, from which it slants obliquely forward to the small ventral ends. 214 BUSH Length of largest specimen about 4.5 inches ; breadth at base of collar 6 5 mm.; length of thorax along setae 15 mm. A more con- tracted one is 3.25 inches long, 8 mm. broad in middle of thorax. Victoria, British Columbia, June i, four specimens. EUDISTYLIA POLYMORPHA (Johnson). Bispira polymorpha JOHNSON, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 29, p. 428, pi. 17, figs. 179-183; pi. 18, figs. 184, 185, 1901. One young from Pacific Grove, California, and two well-grown speci- mens from Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, are readily identified by their conspicuous black eyes (pi. xxix, fig. 6). Recorded by Johnson1 from Pacific Grove, California, to Puget Sound, Washington. EUDISTYLIA INTERMEDIA sp. nov. pi. xxxni, figs. 26, 28; pi. xxxiv, figs. 19, 20, 26; pi. xxxv, figs. 21, 29. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. Animal in formalin, pale cream color, with a brownish tinge on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the thorax, and a spot of dark bluish pigment showing through the integument at the side of each fascicle of setae ; a similar color showing also along the anterior abdominal tori ; a broad band of brown and pinkish purple on the lower portion of the branchiae, and a narrow, scarcely discernible pink one farther out. Branchial lobes forming spires of about 3 turns, 13 mm. in height, each with 60 or more rather slender branchiae, the longest about 18 mm. Pinnae numerous and closely crowded. The thin dorsal ends of the lobes very noticeable. Eyes very small and scattered. Collar but slightly developed dorsally, narrow on the sides, arching obliquely forward in an undulating curve, ending in small rounded ventral ends. There are 8 thoracic and about 175 abdominal segments. Length without branchiae 144 mm. ; breadth of thorax 10 mm. ; length along setae 1 1 mm. This species is readily distinguished from E. ^polymorpha (John- son) by its more numerous branchiae, inconspicuous eyes, and form of the avicular uncini, which have much shorter, stouter necks, longer beaks, and are larger and less evenly rounded in front. Johnson's figure 179 on plate 17 is given as the ' ventral aspect'; it should be ' dorsal.' Also in his description on p. 428 ' dorsal ' should read ' ventral,' and vice vena. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 2 15 CHONE TERES sp. nov. pi. xxx, fig. i ; pi. XXXVH, figs. 16-23. locality. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island. A very slender species of a uniform yellowish tint, with very short branchiae and very gradually tapered posterior end without ventral groove or sucker. In the single specimen preserved in its tube, the segments, about 80, of which 8 belong to the anterior region, are not very clearly defined. Branchiae very short, about 12 in each lobe, longer in the right than in the left one, probably due to inequality in contraction, the longer twisted about the shorter, their rachises connected for the greater part of their length by a delicate membrane. They are furnished on their inner surface with numerous very delicate pinnae, which end abruptly, leaving a thin, comparatively short, broad, abruptly tapered, naked, terminal portion. Eyes none. Collar very deep, about 2^ times that of the first segment. Above there are several very long delicate filaments, either abnormal pinnae or undeveloped branchiae. There are two short, stout, dorsal tentacles. Both dorsal and ventral grooves or furrows clearly defined ; the dorsal one turning abruptly to the right passes between the eighth and ninth (last thoracic and first abdominal) segments diagonally across the latter below, and merges into the ventral one. Fascicles of setae in very straight series, as is usual in this genus. Superior fascicle very small, of but a few slender limbate setae (pi. xxxvii, fig. 16) placed on the first segment at the base of the collar and on the succeeding segments above the elongated inferior fascicle of two rows of spatulate setae (fig. 20), which is above and in front, or forward of and somewhat oblique to the short torus having a single row of hooked setae (fig. 21). There are also found in the superior fascicles a few with abruptly bent shafts — bayonet setae (fig. 1 8) . On the abdomen the setse are slender, limbate (fig. 17), in an elongated fascicle just in front of and below the very short torus of uncial plates (figs. 22, 23). Length about 56 mm. ; branchiae about 8 mm. ; anterior or thoracic region 9 mm. ; breadth 2.5 mm. Tube rough, thin, flexible, semitransparent, amber color, more or less tinted with brown, with very little adhering sand. Although no mention of figures of odd ' bayonet ' setae have been noticed in descriptions of any of the known species of this genus, they are not regarded of sufficient importance to warrant any change in the 2l6 BUSH generic name, especially as they may be easily broken or not mounted in such a way as to show, and are consequently overlooked. Chone duneri Malmgren (1867), from Spitzbergen, is a slender species, but is only half as long as the present one, with fewer, very long branchiae having long, slender, naked terminal portions. Chone infundibuliformis Kroyer (1856), specimens of which from Green- land are before me, is a short stout species, with conspicuously marked segments and grooves, with very long branchiae which number about 22 in each lobe. Genus Metachone nov. Type, Metachone mollis sp. nov. The setae on the thorax of M. mollis are similar to those of Dialy- chone acustica Claparede (1870) from Naples, the type of the genus Dialychone, but the abdominal uncini are more nearly like those found in species of Euchone; while in D. acustica they more nearly re- semble those of Sabellides Malmgren 1865 (Ampharetea), with the lowest tooth larger than the others. METACHONE MOLLIS sp. nov. pi. xxxv, figs. 19, 20, 28. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. A slender colorless specimen has lost a posterior portion, so that its exact generic position is uncertain. The setae are similar to those of Megachone aurantiaca Johnson (1901), but there are additional in- ferior clavate ones on the thorax, which were not found in that species. In the one branchial lobe preserved there are 17 branchiae, with slender tapered tips and long delicate pinnae, connected for the greater part of their length by a delicate web. Collar deep, with dorsal incision only, i. e., open on the back, with ends in contact. Length of 8 thoracic and 10 abdominal segments 27 mm., breadth 2.5 mm. ; length of branchiae about 8 mm. ; length of thorax about 10 mm. The species described and figured by Verrill (1885) as Sabella picta is a Metachone. Marenzeller (1890) recorded Euchone analis (Kroyer) Malmgren from Bering Sea. It is possible that on further examination this may prove to be a distinct species, more nearly related to M. mollis. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES Family ERIOGRAPHIDID^E. MYXICOLA CONJUNCTA sp. nov. pi. xxvi, figs. I, 4, a; pi. xxxvm, figs. i-n. Type locality. — Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound. In general appearance this species closely resembles the Myxicola stecnstrupi Kroyer from the Bay of Fundy. Like that species its body is a pale yellow color, but the pinnae of the branchiae are of a decided brown, which shows through the pale rachises and web, giving a tinge of color to the whole. There is also sometimes a tinge of brown on the thorax. The body gradually tapers, both forward and backward, from the end of the thorax, and differs considerably in length in full-grown specimens. The segments, which are well marked, biannular, vary in number from 100 to 115, of which 8 belong to the thorax. As the branchiae arise directly from the edge of the first segment, there are no smooth basal portions or lobes visible. There are 20 on each side, which are moderately long and tapered, their rachises con- nected by a membranous web for the greater part of their length, leav- ing comparatively long, slender, unadorned free ends ; pinnae numer- ous, very long and slender. Eyes none. There is no collar, but the edge of the first segment is drawn inward on each side on a line with the fascicle of seta?, and below it is pro- duced forward into a thin median triangular lobe, to protect the ven- tral branchial opening. A conspicuous membrane arises on each side of the dorsal groove or furrow, passes inward between the dorsal division of the branchiae and around the mouth, forming two loops ; there are no tentacles. The dorsal furrow is conspicuous the entire length of the thorax, turns to the right, passes diagonally across the eighth and ninth (first abdominal) segments, and merges into the but faintly indicated ven- tral furrow. The fascicles of setae form straight series along the sides of the body, and are at first round and cushion-like in form, but decrease in size and become laterally compressed and somewhat elliptical in form on the succeeding segments. On the first segment the setae are of one form, long, with short, rather broad blades terminating" in long slender capillary ends, and are arranged like needles around the edge of a cushion. The setae of the next four segments are similar to these. On the sixth to eighth segments additional, often more slender, spear-shaped or hastate setae 2l8 BUSH occur in the middle of the fascicle, which also have long slender capillary tips ; these apparently become worn off, as the simple spear is often seen, and they often have more color than the other setae. The hooked setae are difficult to find, probably because easily broken, but have been seen on all but the first segment, never more than two together. On the abdomen the setae are spear-shaped, with long terminal fila- mentous ends. The uncial plates have a long slender primary tooth and a shorter closely appressed secondary one. They form a nearly complete circle around the body, passing posterior to the fascicles of setae, interrupted only by a narrow ventral area. Length of one of the largest specimens 120 mm. ; breadth at base of thorax 7 mm., at first segment 5 mm. ; length of branchiae about 17 mm. A much more contracted specimen of 85 segments is about 55 mm. in length, 9 mm. in breadth at base of thorax, and 4.5 mm. at first segment, with the branchiae 14 mm. in length. The smallest speci- men, of about 50 segments and 10 pairs of branchiae, is 15 mm. long, besides 7 mm., the length of the branchiae. Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, June 27, sixteen specimens em- bedded in thick jelly. MYXICOLA AFFINIS sp. nov. pi. xxxvin, figs. 17-20. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. A specimen filled with eggs, of a decided yellow color, with a greenish tinge to the branchiae, especially the very long pinnae, has 8 thoracic and 50 abdominal segments and 20 pairs of branchiae with comparatively long, free, slender tapered tips. It is very like specimens of Myxicola steenstrupi Kroyer (see pi. xxxvin, figs. 13-16, 21, 22, 24) from the Bay of Fundy, but has the limbate setae much broader, and the hooked thoracic setae (numbering 14 on the last segment) stouter and much less curved. Length 4.5 mm. ; greatest breadth of thorax 5.5 mm., of first seg- ment 4.5 mm. ; length of branchiae 12 mm., of free end 3 mm. Myxicola pacifica Johnson (1901) is a larger species, with 9 tho- racic segments and 14 pairs of very long (21 mm.) branchiae. MYXICOLA GLACIALIS sp. nov. pi. xxii, fig. i ; pi. xxv, figs, i, a; pi. xxvi, fig. 4, b\ pi. xxxvni, figs. 12, 23, 25-32. Type locality. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island. This is a slender species, with the body of the usual cream color, the thoracic region and branchiae colored with deep purple having a tinge SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 2I9 of brown. In life " white or yellowish with brown purple branchiae." Like all the species, there are the longer and shorter forms, but all taper gradually backward from the first segment, and have long, well- marked, biannular segments, which vary in number from 70 to 100, of which but 3 belong to the thorax. There are 14 pairs of branchiae, each with a rather short and broad terminal portion reaching beyond the web ; the long, well-separated pinna? are sometimes much curled and twisted. The triangular ventral lobe of the first segment is well developed ; the lateral puckerings are not always noticeable, and the distinction between the thoracic and abdominal regions is not clearly defined by a groove or furrow. The hooked setae, 4 in number, were found on the second and third segments and the uncial plates on the fourth (first abdominal) seg- ment, and form a complete circle around the body commencing at about the twelfth segment, passing posterior to the fascicle of setae. The largest specimen is about 80 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad at the first segment; branchiae about 13 mm. long. The smallest speci- men, of about 50 segments, with 9 pairs of branchiae, is about 17 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, with the branchiae 5 mm. long. Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island, July 8 and 17, thirty specimens embedded in much mucus under and between stones on shelly sand. Tribe SERPULIDES. Family SERPULHXE. Comparatively few authors have attempted any systematic work on this difficult group. Philippi in 1844 gave results of his study of the Mediterranean forms ; Morch in 1863 reviewed all the then known species and gave fine figures of the operculum of many of them ; Levinsen in 1883 added to the northern forms, but, as in the case of the Sabellides, Saint- Joseph in 1894 gave an extensive analytical table of the known genera, proposing many new ones, based on the different forms and arrangement of the setae. In studying many species, however, one soon finds it impossible to adopt all of his changes, especially in the genus Spirorbis (see p. 252), and that, although so many new names appear, there are still many interesting and peculiar forms which require to be separated under new genera ; no attempt, however, has been made to find the correct generic relation of all the species hitherto published. As similarly stated under the Sabellides, the following analytical table for the genera which are related to the genus Serpula is based 220 BUSH primarily on characters readily seen with the aid of a good pocket lens. In instances, however, where the operculum has been lost other characters become most important, so that owing to the very small size of many of the animals higher powers are required. Many forms which have simple tapered setae in the collar fascicle are found to possess uncini and abdominal setae which differ decidedly in form, so that many of the genera are based on these two characters. This is especially true of species hitherto referred to the genus Ver- milia Lamarck 1818. As no figures appear to have been published of the setae and uncini of the type species ( Vermilia triquetra Lamarck) , the only known character by which the genus is distinguished is the operculum with a calcareous plate, which was figured by Philippi in 1844. Langerhans in 1880, however, described and figured a species identified as Vermilia polytrema Philippi, which has not only the cal- careous plate on the operculum but also two basal horny or chitinous spine-like processes, not unlike the figure given by Philippi 1844. The uncini have rather numerous long sharp teeth, the lowest much larger than the others and notched in the end, giving a bifid appear- ance ; the abdominal seta? are trumpet-shaped, with a long slender end. The Vermilia nigropileata Ehlers 1901 has similar uncini ^ but the operculum is described as having a black horn-colored end without calcareous deposit. The Spirobranchus occidentalis Mclntosh has a similar black horny cap on the operculum and similar uncini. Several species from Bermuda with a similar operculum are often found with the horny end covered by a thin layer of calcareous deposit which can be readily cleaned off. It is not improbable that the same condition existed in Lamarck's and Philippi's species and has been overlooked. " Operculum testaceum orbiculatum, simplex," was interpreted by Philippi as ' calcareus operculum.' The Bermuda species, however, as well as those described and figured by Marenzeller 1893 an^ Moore 1904 have uncini and abdominal setae very unlike those given by Lan- gerhans, Mclntosh, and Ehlers, and also differ from each other. Ver- milia multivaricosa (Morch 1863) Marenzeller 1893, having the ab- dominal seta? strongly geniculate with, broad angular tapered blades, was made the type of the genus Vermiliopsis by Saint- Joseph 1894. The figures of Vermilia infundibulum Claparede 1870 and those of Vermilia spirorbis Langerhans 1883 do not appear to agree very closely with this species, although Marenzeller made them synonymous. Vermilia multicristata (Philippi 1844) Marenzeller 1893, having but slightly bent, narrower, regularly tapered abdominal setas, as well as different uncini, is here referred to the new genus Meta-vermilia, as SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 221 type; and one of the Bermuda species (P. bermudensis sp. nov.) having nearly straight regularly tapered setae similar to those on the thorax, with deeply serrate edges and still different uncini, is made the type of another new genus, Paravermilia. The thoracic setae in all three forms are regularly tapered, differing only in their comparative length and breadth ; the opercula are also alike in having a horny or chitinous end which varies greatly in form. In the Bermuda species it forms a high, irregularly bent or curved tapered cone made up of sev- eral unequal parts which fit on to each other, resembling a spiral shell. The uncial plates in the numerous forms belonging to this family show great variability in form, are often very irregular in outline, but the opposite sides stand in definite relation to each other so that ' tetragonal,' ' rectangular,' * rhomboid' and ' trapeziform' have been adopted for them in the following table. ANALYTICAL TABLE FOR SERPULA AND RELATED GENERA. i. With an operculum 2. i'. Without an operculum (see p. 226) 14. a. One or more entire branchiae differentiated into or replaced by a peduncle bearing an operculum 3. a'. Tip only of one or more branchiae differentiated into an operculnm-like organ (see p. 226) u. 3. Operculum furnished with a calcareous plate 4. 3'. Operculum furnished with a chitinous or horny plate (see p. 223) 8. 4. Collar setae present 5. 4'. Collar setae absent. (1) PLACOSTEGITS Philippi 1844. Type, P. tridentatus (Fabricius 1779, as Serpula, -f- Gunnerus 1768, figure, as Serpula triquetra, -\- Philippi 1844, figure, as P. crystallina) Morch 1863, as first species, also as P. tricuspidatus, -f"Levinsen 1883, figures, -f-Marenzeller 1893, figures. North Atlantic Ocean, in 20-200 fms. Uncial plates rectangular in form, with very numerous fine appressed teeth, the lowest large and fang-like. Operculum with calcareous plate. (2) PLACOSTEGOPSIS Saint-Joseph 1894. Type, P. langerhansi (Marenzeller 1893, as Placostegus, -fLanger- hans 1883, figures, as Placostegus tricuspidatus, non Sowerby) Saint- Joseph 1894. Madeira, Atlantic Ocean. Uncini similar to those in Spirorbis. Operculum with a simple cal- careous plate. 5. Superior setae not simple tapered blades 6. 5'. Superior setae simple tapered blades. (3) DASYNEMA Saint-Joseph 1894. Type, D. chrysogyrus (Grube 1878, figures, as Serpula) Saint-Joseph 1894. Philippine Islands, Pacific Ocean. 222 BUSH Uncini somewhat similar to those in Spirorbis ( ? ), " pectiniform with numerous teeth." No figure. Operculum with shallow calcareous cap. (4) VERMILIA Lamarck 1818, + Philippi 1844, restricted. Type, V. triquetra Lamarck 1818 (non Serpula triquetra Linne"), + Philippi 1844, figure, + Morch 1863, as V. dinema, Mediterranean Sea. Uncial plates not known. Operculum with elongated, somewhat cyl- indrical calcareous cap, figured as not covering the entire end of the operculum, thus giving the appearance of basal processes. (5) POMATOCEROS Philippi 1844. Type, P. triquetra (Linne" 1767, as Serpula, -j- Leuckart 1849, as P. tricuspis, non Philippi 1844, figure) Morch 1863, as first species, + Saint-Joseph 1894, figures.1 North Sea, Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates trapeziform, with pointed teeth, the lowest one larger than the others. Operculum with calcareous plate bearing a cluster of yellowish spines (usually three). See pi. XLIV, fig. 3. (6) GALEOLARIA Lamarck 1818. Type, G. ccespitosa Lamarck 1818, -f- Morch 1863, as first species. Australia, Pacific Ocean. Uncini unknown. Operculum with tessellated calcareous cup bearing variable movable spines. 6. Superior setae variable in form, (7) SPIRORBIS Daudin 1800 (see p. 236). Type, S. spirorbis (Linn^ 1760, + Daudin 1800, as 5. iorealis) (see p. 262). North Sea on Fucus, Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates somewhat rectangular, with rather numerous appressed equal teeth. Operculum with the calcareous plate variable in form. 6'. Superior setae constant or uniform 7. 7. Superior setae with posterior fin-like expansion. (8) FILOGRANULA Langerhans 1883. Type, F. gracilis Langerhans 1883, figures. Madeira, Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates similar to those in Spirorbis. Operculum with calcare- ous concave cap. 7'. Superior setae geniculate, with numerous small spines at base of blade. (9) POMATOSTEGUS Schmarda 1861. Type, P. stellata (Abildgaard 1789, figures, as Terebella] Schmarda 1861, as P. macrosoma, figures, + Morch 1863, -(- Baird 1865, + Bene- dict 1886, figures. West Indies, Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates tetragonal, with numerous pointed teeth, the lowest one larger, blunt and more conspicuous than the others. Operculum con- sisting of a number of separate calcareo-chitinous or horny plates joined by a central axis in the form of a pyramid. (10) SPIROBRANCHUS Blainville 1817. (Cymospira Savigny 1809, -f- Blainville 1828.) Type, 5. giganteus (Pallas 1766, figures, as Serpula, + Blainville 1828, figures, as Cymospira}, Morch 1863, figures, + Ehlers 1887, figures. West Indies, Atlantic Ocean. 1 In the series of specimens from Denmark, in the Yale Museum, some of the opercula have apparently lost the spines, which are replaced by a conspicuous node of calcareous deposit. The collar setae are small and few in number. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 223 Uncial plates tetragonal, with somewhat irregular, pointed teeth, the lowest one larger than the others, often blunt, twisted. Operculum with a calcareous plate bearing a cluster of branching spines. 8. Collar setas present g, 8'. Collar setae absent. (n) RHODOPSIS gen. nov. (see p. 179 and Addendum). Type, R. pusillus sp. nov. Bermuda, Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates tetragonal, with appressed teeth, the lowest larger than the others. Operculum with a chitinous or horny disk covered with horny spines in the form of a rosette. 9. Superior setae on collar not simple tapered blades 10. 9/. Superior setae on collar simple tapered blades. (12) VERMILIOPSIS Saint-Joseph iSo^.1 Type, V. multivaricosa (Morch 1863, as Vermilia, -j- Marenzeller 1893, as Vermilia, figures) Saint-Joseph 1894, restricted. Mediterranean Sea. Uncial plates tetragonal, with appressed rather blunt teeth, the lowest larger and more conspicuous than the others. Operculum with horny cap. (13) PARAVERMILIA gen. nov. (see p. 221). Type, P. bermudensis sp. nov. Bermuda, Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates somewhat rectangular, with appressed teeth, the lowest large and blunt. Operculum with horny cap often resembling a little spiral shell. (14) METAVERMILIA gen. nov. (see p. 220). Type, M. multicristata (Philippi 1844, figure, as Vermt'Iia, -f Langer- hans 1883, as Vermilia multicostata and Vermilia clavigera, figures, -f- Marenzeller 1893, as Vermilia, figures). Mediterranean Sea. Uncial plates trapeziform, with long slender teeth, the lowest longer than the others. Operculum with a conic horny cap. (15) HYALOPOMATUS Marenzeller 1878. Type, H. claparedii Marenzeller 1878, figures. Arctic Ocean, off Nova Zembla, in about 125 fms. Uncial plates tetragonal, with numerous appressed teeth, the lowest very long and fang-like. Opercula membranous ? bulb with central air- chamber. (The figure shows distinct cell structure.) (16) DITRYPA Berkeley i832-4.« Type, D. arietina (MUller 1776) Berkeley 1832-4, -f- M. Sars 1835, figures, + Saint-Joseph, 1898. Shore of Norway, Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates somewhat similar to Spirobranchus. Operculum with flat horny plate ornamented with striae. (17) JANITA Saint-Joseph 1894. Type, /. fimbriata (Delia Chiaji 1828, as Serpula, figures, -f Philippi 1844, as Placostegus* figure, + Morch 1863, + Langerhans 1883, as 1 Vermilia agglutinata Marenzeller 1893, figures, is a Vermiliopsis. •Berkeley's species was D. subulata (figures) and Sars' species, D. libera. » Philippi describe'd the operculum as having a calcareous plate, which is fig- ured as a simple disc, not at all like Langerhans' figure. Future study may prove the two forms to be distinct species. 224 BUSH OmpJialopoma sptnosa, figures, -f- Marenzeller 1893, as Omphalopbma , figures) Saint-Joseph 1894. Mediterranean Sea. Uncial plates rhomboidal, with appressed teeth, the lowest long and blunt. Operculum with concave horny cap. 10. Superior setae with posterior fin-like expansion. (18) OMPHALOPOMA Morch 1863.* Type, O. umbilicata Morch 1863. Philippine Islands, Pacific Ocean. Uncini unknown. Operculum with a concave horny cap. (19) HYALOPOMATOPSIS Saint-Joseph 1894. Type, H. marenzelleri (Langerhans 1883, figures, as Hyalopomatus} Saint-Joseph 1894. Madeira, Atlantic Ocean. Uncini somewhat similar to Spirorbis, the teeth longer. Operculum with a chitinous or horny cap. (20) CHITINOPOMA Levinsen i883.2 Type, C. greenlandica (Malmgren 1867, as Hydroides] Levinsen 1883, figures, as C. fabricii, Greenland, North Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates trapeziform, with appressed teeth, the lowest larger than the others. Operculum with concave horny plate. (21) OMPHALOPOMOPSIS Saint-Joseph 1894. Type, O. langerhansi (Marenzeller 1884, as Omphalopoma, figures) Saint-Joseph 1894. Japan, Pacific Ocean. Uncial plates trapeziform, with comparatively few pointed teeth, the lowest large and blunt. Operculum with concave horny plate. 10'. Superior setae geniculate, with conspicuous spines at base of blade. (22) SERPULA Linne" 1767, + Philippi 1844. Type, S. vermicularis (Ellis 1755, figures, as Tubtts} Linne" 1767,-}- Saint-Joseph 1894, figures. North Atlantic Ocean. Uncial plates tetragonal, with few unequal coarse serrations. Primary operculum funnel-shaped, with numerous radii forming serrations on margin; secondary operculum usually club-shaped, occasionally like primary one. (23) SCLEROSTYLA Morch 1863. Type, 5. ctenactis Morch 1863. St. Thomas, West Indies, Atlantic Ocean. Uncini like Serpula. Operculum with comparatively few radii form- ing a scalloped margin ; intermediate between Serpula and Crucigera. It is described by Morch as calcareous. (24) ZOPYRUS Kinberg 1866. Type, Z. loveni Kinberg 1866,* as first species. Straits of Magellan, Island of Bucket, Pacific Ocean. Uncial plates unknown. Opercula funnel-shaped and club-shaped. 1 Saint-Joseph (1894) restricted this genus to O. cristata Langerhans (1883), figures, from Madeira, which has a thin concave horny plate in the operculum and uncini somewhat similar to those in Spirorbis. tVermilia serrula Stimpson 1853, -f- Verrill 1885, figure, from Grand Manan, New Brunswick, appears to be synonymous with this species. 8 As no figures of this species seem to have been published, very little definite knowledge is available by which to determine the correct position of the genus ; Ehlers 1901 placed it next to Serpula. SABELL1DES AND SERPULIDES 225 (25) CRUCIGERA Benedict 1886. Type, C. -websteri Benedict 1886, figures. Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, in 26 fms. Uncial plates similar to those in Serpula. Operculum with cup similar to that in Sclerostyla, but with conspicuous basal processes. (26) HVDROIDKS Gunnerus 1768. Type, H. norvegica Gunnerus 1768, figures, + Morch 1863, figures, -f- Marenzeller 1893, figures, + Saint-Joseph 1898. North Atlantic Ocean. Uncini similar to those in Serpula. Operculum similar in form to Serfula, with a central crown of horn-colored spines, each with lateral processes. (27) EUPOMATUS Philippi I844.1 Type, B. uncinatus Philippi 1844, figure, -f Quatrefages 1865, figures, -j- Ehlers 1887, figures. Mediterranean Sea. Uncini similar to those in Serpula, with fewer teeth than type. Operculum similar in form to Serpula, with a central crown of horn- colored, simple, curved, regularly tapered spines without lateral processes. (28) EUCARPHUS Morch 1863.* Type, E. cumingii Morch 1863, figures. Philippine Islands, Pacific Ocean. Uncini similar to those in Serpula. Operculum 9 similar to that of Serpula, with central crown of horn-colored spines the ends of which are blunt, with a lateral process on each side. (29) SCHIZOCRASPKDON gen. nov. (see p. 287). Type, 5. furcifera (Grube 1878, as Hydroides, figures). Philippine Islands, Pacific Ocean. Uncini somewhat similar to those in Eupomatus. Operculum form- ing two deep funnels, one above the other, without radii, with the edge of each split into long, slender, divided processes ; those on the upper one with small, dark spines on their inner proximal portion. (30) GLOSSOPSIS gen. nov. (see p. 287). Type, G. minax (Grube 1878, as Hydroides, figures). Philippine Islands, Pacific Ocean. Uncini similar to the preceding. Operculum a deep funnel without radii, the edge cut into broad deep points, each with a terminal knob; a long, rounded, tongue-like, curved process with fluke-like tip, bearing a 1 Polyphragma Quatrefages 1865 included Eupomatus and Hydroides. * Pkragmatopoma Morch 1863, type P. caudata (KrOyer) MoYch 1863, fig- ures, has an Operculum resembling that of Sabellaria virgini Kinberg 1866, -f- Ehlers 1901, figures (Hermellidse), and is probably closely related to that genus. Kinberg (1866) refers three new species to the genus, which he places in his family Hermellea. •The Eupomatus lunulifera Claparede 1870, figures, has a similar operculum and should be referred to Eucarphus. 226 BUSH lateral palmate form of about 7 long unequal pointed lobes, arises from the center of the cup. xz. Operculum with a calcareous plate (see p. 221). Superior setae on collar simple tapered blades. (31) JOSEPHKLLA Caullery and Mesnil 1896. Type, J. marenzelleri Caullery and Mesnil 1896, figures. Cape de la Hogue, northern coast of France, English Channel. Uncini similar to Vermiliopsis. Operculum with long conic calcareous plate. ix'. Operculum membranous or chitinous 12. xa. Superior setae on collar not simple tapered blades 13. xa'. Superior setae on collar simple tapered blades. (32) APOMATUS Philippi 1844. Type, A. ampulliferus Philippi 1844, -j- Marion and Bobretzki 1875, figures.1 Mediterranean Sea. Uncini similar to Protula. Operculum a membranous( ? ) sphere. (33) APOMATOPSIS Saint-Joseph 1894. Type, A. similis (Marion and Bobretzki 1875, as Apomatus, figures, + Marion 1879, figures) Saint-Joseph 1894. Mediterranean Sea (Mar- seilles). Uncini and Operculum similar to preceding. 13. Superior setae geniculate. (34) PROTOPLACOSTEGUS gen. nov. (see p. 287). Type, P. morchii (Mclntosh 1885, as Placostegus, figures). Uncini somewhat similar to Serpula. Operculum with horny cap. 13'. Superior setae with posterior fin-like expansion. (35) FILOGRANA Oken 1815, + Berkeley 1832.) Type, F. implexa Berkeley 1827, as Serpula, figures, -f- Saint-Joseph 1894, figures. (See footnote 2.) North Atlantic Ocean, in 20 to 40 fins. Uncini similar to Vermiliopsis. A spoon-shaped organ on one or more branchiae. 14. Superior setae on collar not simple tapered blades, i. e., with posterior fin- like expansion (see p. 221). (36) SALMACINA Claparede 1870.* Type, 5. incrustans Claparede 1870, figures. Bay of Naples, Medi- terranean Sea. Uncini somewhat similar to Serpula. 1 Saint-Joseph proposed to separate the four species (A. ampulliferus Philippi 1844, A. enosimce Marenzeller 1885, A. globifera Theel 1879, and A. similis Marion and Bobretzki 1875) into two genera based on the difference in form of the abdominal setae, under the names Apomatus and Apomatopsis, but unfortu- nately places the species for which the genus Apomatus was proposed, under the later name, thus, unless transposed, making the two synonymous. * Salmacina cedificatrix Claparede 1870 (appendix) is figured as having the tips of the branchiae regularly tapered. The spoon-shaped end figured by Saint- Joseph (1894) as belonging to Salmacina dystera Huxley (as Protula, 1855) is either an error in reference for Filograna implexa, or the species is erroneously referred to Salmacina. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 227 (37) PROTIS Ehlers 1887. Type, P. simplex Ehlers 1887, figures. West Indies, Atlantic Ocean, in 860 fms. Uncini similar to Eupomatus. 14'. Superior setae on collar simple tapered blades 15. 15. Branchial lobes not spiral. (38) PSYGMOBRANCHUS Philippi 1 844.* Type, P. protensus (Gmelin) Claparede 1870, figures. Mediterranean Sea. Uncini similar to Protula. 15'. Branchial lobes spiral. (39) PIRATKSA Templeton 1835.* Type, P. nigroannulata Templeton 1835, figures, + Kinberg, 1866. Black River, Island of Mauritius, Indian Ocean. Uncini unknown. (40) PROTULA Risso 1826. Type P. rudolphi Risso 1826, as first species. Mediterranean Sea at Nice in about 3 feet. Uncial plates irregular in outline, with numerous very fine teeth on the face, the lowest one very long and fang-like. (41) PROTULOPSIS Saint-Joseph 1894.* Type, P. intestinum (Lamarck 1818, as Protula) Saint-Joseph 1894, figure. Seas of Europe (Triest and Naples). Uncini unknown. 1 Psygmobranchus ccecus Claparede 1870 has uncini with few coarse teeth like Eupomatus, and is probably referable to Protis, although Claparede suggested its resemblance to Salmacina. Psygmobranchus multicostatus Claparede 1870 has uncini more nearly like Serpula, so that it should be referred to Salmacina. * Anisomelus luteus Templeton 1835, from the figures, shows characters placing it with the Terebellacea as designated by Quatrefages (1865), rather than with the Serpulacea as given by Morch (1863). There are four pairs of branchiae, very long and very short, below which, on the thorax, are 6 filaments similar to those found on Trichobranchus glacialis Malmgren 1865, figures. 9 Saint-Joseph (1894) makes Protula intestinum Lamarck, an abdominal seta of which he figures, the type of a new subgenus, Protulopsis. There is, however, considerable uncertainty in regard to the other characters, as no figures have been found. Excellent figures are given by Fischli (1900) of his s cedes Protu- lopsis nigra-nucha ; the uncini are similar to Hyalopomatopsis. 228 BUSH PROTULA ATYPHA sp. nov. Pl. XXXVII, figS. I, 2, 4. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. An imperfect animal without color, poorly preserved in a portion of a white, calcareous, irregularly bent tube. There are but 12 segments back of the thorax, which is long, of 7 segments, all of the well -separated fascicles of setae directed obliquely backward in nearly straight series, the wide membrane bordering it forming a rather deep irregular (mutilated) collar. Branchial lobes of good size, elongated ventrally and involute, bear- ing numerous (about 30, besides a few rudimentary ventral ones) long, delicate ( ? ), densely pinnate branchiae in each lobe. No operculum. Mouth parts not determinable. Seta? on the thorax of one form, slender, unequal (the shorter ones the broader) , capillary, those on the collar fascicles not different from the others. Setae on the abdomen in small fascicles and bent at the base of the moderately broad tapered blade (pi. xxxvn, fig. i). Both thoracic and abdominal tori small, with the thin uncial plates (pi. xxxvu, figs. 2, 4) of similar size and form, apparently smooth, with only a long pointed terminal tooth, serrations but faintly visible on the exposed surface even under a high objective. Length of thorax 9 mm. ; breadth about 3 mm. ; length of longest branchia about 9 mm. Pacific Grove, California, August, 1901, one specimen. The thoracic membrane does not form a scalloped border along the sides, so conspicuous in P. media Stimpson from Grand Menan, New Brunswick, figured by Smith and Harger 1874 (see pi. XLIV, fig. 7), and the setae are much coarser, those of the latter being very slender ; the (much narrower) uncial plates also have more distinct teeth. On account of its long abdominal setae, Saint -Joseph would doubt- less refer this species to his new subgenus Protulopsis, in which the abdominal setae are u oblique bayonets, plicate on the border," as in P. intestinum Lam. Protula as a subgenus is restricted for species having shorter * sickle-shaped* abdominal setae, as P. tubularia Mon- tagu. The figures given by Benedict (1886) of the abdominal setae of P. diomedece and P. alba show little resemblance to the figure given by Saint- Joseph of that of P. tubularia, but all three and others are mentioned by him as belonging together. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 22Q The very small Protula arctica Hansen 1882 was referred to the genus Protis by Ehlers 1887 (type, Protis simplex). The uncial plates have but a few (6) coarse teeth, and the collar setae have a dis«- tinct basal expansion or fin. There is no operculum. HYALOPOMATOPSIS OCCIDENTALIS sp. nov. pi. XL, figs. 3, 22; pi. XLIV, figs. 2, 4, 8, 9. Type locality. — Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound. Small, thick, white, calcareous, angular, more or less curved tubes, with a prominent median keel, were attached to tubes of Serpula splendens. They strongly resemble the figure of the tube of Chitin- opoma greenlandica (Morch)1 given by Levinsen in 1883 as C. fab- ricii {Serpula triquetra Fabricius non Linne). The colorless animal also has a long, slender, rounded form similar to Levinsen's figure. The branchial lobes are small, not prolonged ventrally, nor involute, and bear 6 pairs of long branchiae, their rachises broad at base and furnished on their inner surfaces with long, graduated, ciliated pinnae not extending to the end but leaving a long, unadorned, terminal por- tion ; an additional smaller undeveloped branchia is on the end of the lobe opposite the one bearing the operculum. This is a small, elon- gated, semitransparent bulb on a very long, slender peduncle, often covered on the end with delicate alga? (pi. XLIV, fig. 8), in the adult specimens usually showing an inner sphere (air bubble?). No thoracic membrane. Collar very deep, with deep lateral clefts. There are about 60 segments, of which 7 belong to the th6rax, where the fascicles of seta; form straight series and the tori are short. 1 Morch in 1863 referred the Serpula triquetra of Fabricius 1780 to Hydroides norvegica as var. gronlandica, which Malmgren in 1867 separated as a distinct species, referred to Hydroides with doubt, so that Levinsen's name fabricii is superfluous. Specimens attached to stones from Greenland and to the tubes of Nothria conchylega from 32 fathoms off the New England coast are in the Yale University Museum, and may prove to be the same as those on the same host from Green- land identified by Moore (1902) as Serpula sp. ; these could not be compared. The operculum (pi. xxxvn, figs. 3, 9) is covered by a thin chitinous cup-like plate, and has not the bulb-like form of the western species. When stained and mounted in glycerine, a central chamber with connecting peduncle-canal was distinctly revealed, which differs from that in the opercula of Spirorbis in having three distinct parts, those above and below the central chamber or cavity being filled with animal matter. See also pi. XL, fig. 31. 230 BUSH Setse of the collar fascicle of two forms, long slender limbate and others with broad spinous basal fin (pi. XL, fig 22). Other fascicles with shorter and broader limbate setae. No capillary ones, as in Spirorbis. Uncini with numerous teeth, the lowest one larger than the others. Abdominal setae small, trumpet-shaped, with a long tapered end. Total length of largest specimens between 15 and 20 mm. ; breadth about .5 mm. Smallest specimen about 5 mm. Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, June 27, eight specimens. SERPULA SPLENDENS sp. nov. Pl. xxvi, fig. 3 ; pi. xxix, fig. 2 ; pi. xxx, figs. 2, 3 ; pi. xxxin, fig. 31 ; pi. xxxv, fig. 18; pi. xxxvn, fig. 31 ; pi. xxxix, fig. 33. Type locality. — Prince William Sound, at Orca and Virgin Bay. Color in formalin yellowish, with the branchiae and operculum vari- ously banded and mottled with deep crimson, which in life is a ' bril- liant red.' Thoracic membrane with a very wide margin overlapping on the back and forming a very deep rolling collar with a median ventral and two lateral incisions. Branchial lobes with comparatively small basal attachment, arch- ing obliquely forward, curving inward ventrally, thickest below and strengthened by a conspicuous tapered median rib, and in front, at the end, by a large rib reaching backward inside the collar. Between these end ribs and attached to them is a broad, gradually widening, muscular band curving inward between the bases of the lobes, forming a trumpet-shaped process over the mouth ; above this is a thin, some- what ruffled membrane, which extends out on each side around and inside the lobes, attached to their bases ; extending forward and inward from the dorsal furrow is a tongue-shaped process, free at the end, hav- ing a granular surface, which completely covers the end of the trumpet. Branchiae short, between 45 and 50 pairs, their tapered rachises rounded outwardly, with short filamentose tips, the two inner edges bearing long well-separated pinnae ; a few of the extreme ventral branchiae extend around the end of the lobe and backward or inward along its edge. Operetta two ; the primary one thin, large, deep funnel-shaped, with numerous delicate branching radii, forming a finely serrate (be- tween 127 and 150 serrations) margin, the inner surface often with minute scattered tubercles ; base globular, without processes, attached SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 231 by a stout peduncle to the dorsal end of either branchial lobe ; second- ary one, when present, somewhat club-shaped, attached to the oppo- site lobe by a more slender, shorter stem. Number of segments about 320, of which 7 belong to the thorax, on which the fascicles of setae form very oblique series ; abdominal seg- ments short, the lines of uncini closely crowded. Fascicles of setae on the thorax tubular in form ; the first well for- ward on the collar, smaller than the succeeding ones, and directed for- ward ; the others, directed obliquely backward, vary slightly in size, become flattened and laterally elongated. The setae are of two forms ; on the collar slender capillary superior ones and stout bayonet-shaped inferior ones, spinous at the base of the blade (pi. xxxm, fig. 31), on the other segments capillary only ; uncial plates with 6 to 7 long teeth, apparently in two rows (pi. xxxvn, fig. 31). On the abdomen fas- cicles of the characteristic short flaring-ended setae, and on the caudal region other small fascicles of very long, slender, stiff spines ; uncial plates similar to but smaller than those on the thorax, becoming thicker, with more rows of teeth in the caudal tori (pi. xxxix, fig. 33). In very young animals taken from their tubes, stained, and mounted, the operculum appears club-shaped; the rudimentary branchiae re- semble flattened strips of membrane with long unequal filamentose ends, and are covered by the collar; no membrane appears along the sides of the thorax ; this, however, may be due to the position in mounting. There are about 50 rows of uncini on the abdomen, and 7 fascicles of setae on the thorax ; the setae themselves are similar to those in the adult. A perfect animal taken from its tube is 53 mm. long besides the branchiae, which are about 8 mm., 7 mm. broad on the thorax, and 5.5 mm. on the abdomen. A larger imperfect one is 8.5 mm. broad on the thorax and 7 mm. on the abdomen. Diameter of operculum 5 to 7 mm. Another specimen, having about 190 segments, 30 pairs of branchiae, and one operculum, is about 35 mm. long and 5 mm. broad on the abdomen. Their tubes are thick, white, calcareous, variously twisted, more or less free, the surface of attachment flattened, the exposed surface often roughened by the small tubes of their own young, and also by species of Spirorbis and Hyalopomatopsis. Prince William Sound, at Orca, June 25 and 26, two specimens ; at Virgin Bay, June 27, ten specimens. Serpula jukesii Grube 1877 (non Baird 1865) closely resembles this species. 232 BUSH The Serpula columbiana abundant in Puget Sound and extending southward along the California coast to Golden Gate is described by Johnson (1901) as having more numerous branchia? (54 in each lobe), fewer serrations (100) on the margin of the operculum, and but 250 abdominal segments in a length of 55 mm., with a breadth of 7 mm. on the thorax. Specimens collected by Dr. Coe in August, 1901, on the California coast are supposed to be immature examples of this species. They are without color in formalin, except one, which has two pink spots at the base of the trumpet-shaped process, but when first received one showed both red and orange bands on the branchiae. The larger has 20 pairs of well-developed branchiae, besides a few small ventral ones having very short pinnae, and the operculum has no serrations on its margin. An example of the Alaska species of similar size has 35 pairs of branchiae and 127 serrations on the margin of the operculum. Genus Crucigera Benedict 1886. Type, Crucigera tuebsteri Benedict. x The very small type species of this genus, a cotype specimen of which, from 26 fathoms in the Gulf of Mexico, has been sent from Washington, has four * digital processes ' at the base of the operculum, the axis of which is continuous with that of its peduncle. The Alas- kan species, however, have but 3, 2 of them combining, forming a large, rounded, bilobed process, to which the abruptly contracted dis- tal end of the peduncle is so attached that its axis is not continuous with that of the operculum. Benedict describes the texture as * cal- careo- cartilaginous,' but the operculum of the northern species, after soaking in potash solution, retains its form as a thin, transparent, chi- tinous shell. The tube is ornamented on one side by three conspicu- ous lamellar-like longitudinal carinae, and on the opposite side by faintly indicated ridges. The thicker tubes of the northern forms show no indication of such ornamentation. The operculum of Serpula zelandica Baird (1865), as shown in the figure, has similar coarse, blunt serrations on the margin, but no processes at its base, thus representing a transition between typical Ser- pula and Crucigera, and therefore referable to Sclerostyla Morch 1863. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, p. 550, pi. xxi, figs. 24, 25 ; pi. xxn, figs. 26-30, 1886. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 233 CRUCIGERA ZYGOPHORA (Johnson). pi. xxix, fig. 5; pi. xxxi, fig. 2; pi. xxxui, fig. 3; pi. xxxix, figs. 8, 12, 13, 15, 17,20. Serpula zygophora JOHNSON, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 29, p. 433, pi. 19, figs. 205, 208, 1901. Type locality. — Puget Sound. Color, salmon or yellow, with the branchiae irregularly banded with deep crimson, the operculum variously mottled with the same color, sometimes flecked on its outer surface with minute white specks. The branchial lobes are characteristic of the Serpulas, each with about 30 branchiae, having long, slender, tapered rachises, with very long (over 6 mm.) filamentose ends and moderately long delicate pinnae. Thoracic membrane with a wide free margin extending forward as an exceedingly deep collar, the ventral lobes of which often roll back- ward, nearly or quite covering the thorax. Segments numerous, 115 or more; 6 on the thorax below the collar ; those on the abdomen often marked only by the lines of uncini. Often two opercula ; the primary one bell-shaped, thick, shallow, sometimes so thick as to become flat on top, with 28 to 30 radii form- ing a bluntly scalloped margin ; at its base are 3 conspicuous unequal processes, attached by a long peduncle to the base of one of the branchial lobes at its outer dorsal end ; the secondary one, which is more or less club-shaped, without basal processes is, when present, attached by a shorter peduncle to the opposite lobe. Length 50 to 80 mm.; breadth about 3 mm.; branchiae about 15 mm. ; diameter of operculum 4 mm. One imperfect specimen is recorded by Johnson from Puget Sound, 1901 ; Sitka, June 15, common; Orca and Virgin Bay, Prince Wil- liam Sound, June 25 and 27, very common. Tube thick, calcareous, attached to fragments of shells in variously twisted masses, the free anterior end with a flaring margin. CRUCIGERA FORMOSA sp. nov. 4 ; pi. xxxi, fig. i ; pi. xxxni, fig. 4 ; pi. xxxix, fig». 6, 7, 10, ii, 14. Type locality. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island. This species differs from the preceding in having shorter branchiae, their rachises with short terminal filaments, sometimes wanting; yel- lowish in preservative but a * brilliant red ' in life. pi. xxvni, figs. 3, 4 ; pi. xxxi 234 BUSH The operculum has the basal processes nearly equal, smaller and somewhat tapered, and the distal end of the peduncle but slightly con- tracted. A delicate alga, a species of Ectocarpus, completely covers the anterior end. There is no secondary operculum on the type ; a specimen from Wrangel, however, has two fully developed ones, to only one of which the Ectocarpus has become attached. Length about 60 mm.; branchiae about 6 mm. ; breadth of abdo- men 3 mm. ; of thorax 4 mm. ; diameter of operculum 3 mm. Tube thick, calcareous, but slightly twisted. Wrangel, June 5, one specimen ; Dutch Harbor, July 8, one speci- men. Said to be very common. CRUCIGERA IRREGULARIS sp. nov. pi. xxv, fig. 5; pi. xxix, fig. 4; Pi. xxxin, fig. 13; pi. xxxix, figs. 1-5. Type locality. — Juneau. Color pinkish, the branchiae and operculum banded and mottled with bright crimson. This species differs from the two preceding ones in having longer branchia, their rachises with comparatively short terminal filaments ; but especially in its operculum, which is irregular in form, laterally elongated, with about 32 broad radii, which form a thick scalloped edge, which rolls over along the longer and deeper portion. Only one large, broadly rounded, somewhat bilobed process is developed at one side of the base, to which the abruptly contracted distal end of the long stout peduncle is attached ; secondary operculum very slender, club-shaped. Length about 48 mm. from base of branchial lobes ; breadth of thorax 4 mm. ; longer diameter of operculum 4.5 mm. Tube thick, calcareous, solitary, attached to a shell. Juneau, July 6, one specimen. EUPOMATUS GRACILIS sp. nov. pi. xxvn, fig. 9 ; pi. xxxiv, fig. 25 ; pi. xxxvn, figs. 26, 27. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. Branchial lobes similar to those of Serpula, but not so prolonged ventrally, turning inward but little, the branchiae (18 in each lobe) not extending backward along the end of the lobe, as in Serpula. Operculum deep funnel-shaped, tapering regularly into its peduncle without basal enlargement or processes, with comparatively few regular radii forming deep sharp serrations (about 35) on the margin, and SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 235 bearing on its upper surface a central crown of 10 or n long, tapered, upward-curving, simple, horn-colored spines characteristic of Eupo- matus uncinatus Philippi (1844) figured by Ehlers 1887; secondary operculum small, club-shaped, on a very short stem. One specimen has only a central horn-colored ring, the crown of spines having been lost, and the margin has apparently been injured on one side, where the serrations have grown together, forming an angulation. Thoracic segments 7 ; abdominal segments over 70 in the largest example, which has lost a posterior portion. A very wide membrane borders the thorax, forming a very deep collar with lateral incisions or clefts but with no median one, the ven- tral edge being entire ; there is, however, a conspicuous oval opening considerably within the margin. Seta? similar to those in Serfula. Length of thorax 3.5 mm. ; breadth 3 mm. ; length of longest bran- chia 5.5 mm. ; diameter of operculum 2.5 mm. Pacific Grove, California, August, 1901, three specimens. The tubes are solitary, variously twisted, and attached for the greater part of, if not their entire length. The surface, roughened by growth lines, is often rust colored, covered with bryozoa and other animals. Hydroides -protulicola Benedict (1886), specimens of which are in the Yale Museum, is a typical Eupomatus, as is undoubtedly If. spongicola Benedict, judging from the figures. Serpula dianthus Verrill (1874) is also an Eupomatus. In Hydroides (type, H. nor- vegica Gunnerus) the spines forming the crown on the operculum have conspicuous lateral processes or secondary spines. EUPOMATUS HUMILIS sp. nov. pi. xxxix, figs. 39, 40 ; pi. XLIV, fig. 22. Type locality. — Guaymas, Mexico. A small (probably immature), thin, very slender, round tube, form- ing one long irregular loop, is attached its entire length to the side of a small coral. The five branchiae are long, stout, with few pinnae, the very small characteristic operculum on its very slender peduncle reaching above them. The operculum is colorless, with coarsely serrate margin, formed by about 10 long, broad points, crown of 8 long, simple, char- acteristic spines, each with a basal spinule on its inner surface. Number of segments unknown, only the anterior portion having been found. Collar setae few in number, the superior ones with 4 236 BUSH basal spines and slender, delicately serrate blade ; setae in the other fascicles slender blades. Uncini very small, with few sharp teeth. SPIROBRANCHUS INCRASSATUS (Kroyer) Morch. pi. xxxiv, fig. 24; pi. xxxvn, figs. 25, 34. Spirobranchus incrassatus MORCH, Rev. crit. Serpulidarum, Natur. Tidss., I, p. 405, pi. xi, figs. 21-23, 1863. — EHLERS, Blake Annelids, p. 294, taf. 57, f. 16; taf. 58, f. 1-5, 1887. Type locality. — West coast of United States of Colombia. A valve of Margaritifera sp., from the Gulf of California, in the Yale Museum is covered with a mass of the tubes of this species. They are of good size, variously twisted over one another, white, often with markings of light yellowish brown and purplish, the high median or dorsal carina often so roughened by the conspicuous growth lines as to be rendered irregularly spinulose. Many of the largest tubes spread along the base, forming a distinct carination on each side, along and above which the surface is often punctured by the erosion of the sur- face between the irregular growth lines. The anterior portion of the animal, with the operculum, was found dried in some of the tubes. The plate on the operculum agrees per- fectly with Morch's figure. Figures of the seta? and uncial plate of a specimen from Acapulco, west coast of Central America, were given by Ehlers (1887). The single example (999) from Vera Cruz, identified and figured by Benedict (1886) as iS. incrassatus (Kroyer) Morch, is not this spe- cies, and therefore should receive the new name Spirobranchus pseudoincrassatus. The thoracic uncini are described as having from 1 8 to 20 teeth. Morch also described and figured two related forms from the Pacific Ocean, near Puntarenas (Costa Rica, Gulf of Dulce), which do not appear to have been subsequently noted : Hydroides {Eucar- phus) crucigera Morch, on Margaritifera barbata Reeve, from 14 fathoms, and Pomatostegus kroyeri Morch. Genus Spirorbis Daudin 1800. Type, Spirorbis Spirorbis (Linne1 1 760) = Spirorbis borealis Daudin 1800. (See pi. xxxix, fig. 34; pi. XL, figs. 5, 6, 8, 12-15 5 pi. XLII, figs. 15-19.) Important generic characters for the animal are as follows : — Operculum protected by a calcareous plate, variable in form. Thoracic segments usually 3, rarely 3^ or 4 (Levinsen 1883 -f Caul- SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 237 lery and Mesnil 1897). Superior thoracic setae usually differing in form, those of the first or collar fascicle varying from those having simple tapered blades to others having a conspicuous, fin-like basal ex- pansion. Uncini with rather numerous equal minute teeth in 2 or 3 ( ?) rows. See also p. 252. SPIRORBIS SEMIDENTATUS sp. nov. pi. xxvn, figs. 7, 10; Pi. XLI, figs. 13, 17, 23, 26-30; pi. XLIII, figs. 4, 5, 12. Type locality. — Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island. Tube thick and massive, vitreous, rarely showing any transparency, opaque with dull surface, dextral, the few whorls not regularly rounded nor spreading, but piled one above the other, forming a high spire with nearly perpendicular sides and flattened top, without central depression, often with a distinct angular shoulder. Aperture very lustrous within, with a small round opening, the thick shell forming a broad, straight, flattened, inner or columellar margin with a con- spicuous projection at its junction with the thinner straight, rounded top edge, from which it arches forward and spreads out in a shining, somewhat iridescent layer on the body of the shell ; in some speci- mens a spiral ridge appears to arise from the outer margin, and is at first ill-defined, but increasing abruptly forms a conspicuous keel, which ends at the aperture in an angular projection ; in such instances an added prominence is given to the columellar projec- tion, giving to the aperture a two-toothed appearance. The un- keeled form strongly resembles 6". vitreus Fabr., but forms a much higher spire and has never been seen so glassy and transparent as specimens of the latter from the Atlantic ; immature examples are semitransparent. The carinated form is similar to S. violaceus, but is not so regularly coiled nor so deeply grooved. Others are like some forms of S. variabilis , but coil in the opposite direction. Diameter 3 to 4 mm. ; height the same. Animal with 3 thoracic and about 30 posterior segments. Thoracic membrane very conspicuous, partially covering the 7 branchiae and operculum, which expands from the stout peduncle into a cup-shaped organ the size of the rounded aperture, protected by a moderately thick, saucer-shaped, calcareous plate with an irregularly thickened inner basal ridge ; it seems to be covered by a very thin membrane, to which minute protozoans are often attached ; the edge of the oper- culum appears as a dark brown rim. 338 BUSH The thoracic setae vary in the three segments. All the inferior ones are of the usual slender capillary form ; the superior ones of the collar fascicle have a conspicuous, fin-like, posterior expansion and long, nar- rower, gradually tapered, coarsely serrate, terminal portion ; those of the other fascicles have a broad, smooth, tapered blade, a few in the third fascicle with odd comb-like ends. Uncini rather broad, with two rows of minute teeth. Posterior segments much swollen, bearing conspicuous bunches of mucous glands nearly concealing the two setae, both of which at first have broad pennant-like blades, but farther back one has the shaft simply pointed and curved. Strings of undeveloped eggs were in many of the tubes. Common at Dutch Harbor, on rocks and stones ; rare in Prince William Sound, at Orca, on tubes of Serpula splendens ; and also at Sitka, on shells and tubes of Crucigera zygophora. SPIRORBIS VARIABILIS sp. nov. pi. xxix, fig. 3, a; pi. xxxix, figs. 24, 25 ; pi. XL, fig. 4; pi. XLIII, fig. 16; pi. XLIV, fig. 17. Type locality. — Sitka Harbor. Tube thick, vitreous, usually semitrans parent, sinistral, the few whorls spreading over one another, usually forming a low spire with or without a small central cavity, the top spirally grooved, the grooves in some instances indicated only by the fine sinuous strias of growth and a slightly raised interspace, in others very deep, with three broad, rounded ridges forming conspicuous notches and tooth-like projections in the margin of the aperture, the margin in the other form being un- interrupted. There is great variation in the manner of coiling, some specimens assuming a form that can be distinguished from semiden- tatus only by its smaller size and opposite coil ; others resemble viola- ceus but turn in the opposite direction. Diameter 2-2.5 mm- 5 height 1-1.5 mm. Animal not differing essentially in number of segments, branchiae, and form of operculum from 5". semidentatus . Some opercula have two saucer-shaped calcareous plates, which can be readily separated. Strings of eggs were found along the back of the posterior segments. Attached to rocks and fragments of shells, either singly or in small colonies. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 239 SPIRORBIS EXIMIUS sp. nov. pi. xxxix, fig. 9 ; pi. XLI, figs. 7, 18, 20; pi. XLIII, figs. 6, u, 17. Type locality. — Pacific Grove, California. Although but a single specimen, which was destroyed in getting at the animal, was found attached to a Serpula tube, it is noted on ac- count of its very distinctive operculum plate. Tube tapered, with a conspicuously corrugated surface, forming a small coil, whether dextral or sinistral was not ascertained. Animal with 3 thoracic and about 18 posterior segments; eggs showing a distinct nucleus were in the posterior part of the body- cavity. Collar membrane very conspicuous ; number of branchiae not accurately determined. Calcareous plate on the operculum unusually large, elongated, with large basal lobe having a distinct hook-like projection on one side, sim- ilar to that found on the operculum plate of S. cornuarietis, as figured by Marion and Bobretzky in 1875 (pi. 12, f. 27, Z?). Superior setae of the first fascicle with conspicuously serrate edge and spiny posterior fin-like expansion ; those of the other fascicles nar- row smooth-edged blades, three odd ones with comb-like ends in the third fascicle. Posterior brush-like setae very small. SPIRORBIS MARIONI Caullery and Mesnil 1897. pi. xxxix, figs. 26, 27 ; pi. XL, fig. 16. Type locality. — Panama. Small, opaque, more or less regularly coiled, dextral tubes attached to specimens of Callopoma from La Paz, Lower California, and Panama, also to valves of Barbatia from Acajutla and Libertad, Cen- tral America, and to a conglomerate mass of worm tubes, coral, bryo- zoa, etc., from Guaymas, Mexico, resemble the larger sinistral S. quadrangularis Stimpson, in being four-sided. The upper surface has a deep median groove and two conspicuous ridges or carinae, one defining an inner shoulder around the small, deep, central cavity, and the other an outer shoulder, the entire surface often roughened by growth lines. The calcareous plate on the operculum differs from fig. 6 given by Caullery and Mesnil, only in the smaller central protuberance, a feature which is undoubtedly variable. The collar seta? have coarsely crenulate blades and fin-like bases ; the other setae are long, regularly tapered blades, with a few odd- ended ones in the third fascicle. 240 BUSH SPIRORBIS LANGERHANSI Caullery and Mesnil 1897. Type locality. — Panama. Scattered over the surface of specimens of Crucibulum imbricatum Sby. and Callopoma from Panama, are numerous isolated tubes hav- ing a regularly coiled sinistral form spreading at the base, often form- ing a thin border around it. Four-sided in section, with the outer wall oblique and not perpendicular to the inner one, each shoulder of the comparatively narrow, flattened, dorsal area defined by a carina vary- ing in size in different individuals ; occasionally one occurs which is not regularly spiral, forming a small central cavity. The entire sur- face is often roughened by conspicuous transverse lines. No animals were found. Caullery and Mesnil give the collar setae as similar to those in S. marioni and the plate on the operculum not unlike that found in S. vitreus Fabricius. SPIRORBIS MORCHI Levinsen 1883. Pl. XXXVII, figs. 15, 24; Pi. XLI, figS. 15, l6, 21, 24, 25; Pi. XLIV, figs. 2O, 21. Type locality. — Greenland. Sinistral, dull, opaque unsculptured tubes, forming low coils, with small central cavity, sometimes with upward turned aperture, are not readily identified without their animals, as they are usually more symmetrical than the form figured by Levinsen. They do not, however, differ essentially from eastern specimens on stones from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and on Chlamys islandicus from Greenland. The collar seta? have a form similar to that given by Levinsen ; a long, tapered, coarsely serrate blade with conspicuous, fin-like basal portion. Seta; in the second and third fascicles, long, tapered, delicately serrate blades, a few in the third with odd comb-like ends. Uncini with comparatively coarse teeth. Operculum not unlike that found in the eastern examples, in which it is a brood-pouch protected by a very convex, bilobed, opaque cal- careous cap with a long shield-shaped posterior or inner portion, shallow at the back and extending nearly the length of the operculum in front ; the eggs visible only in a back view. Sitka, on tubes of Crucigera; Prince William Sound, at Orca, on the tubes of Serpula ; also on a specimen of Pachypoma from Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, collected by the Geological Survey of Canada. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 241 SPIRORBIS INCONGRUUS sp. nov. Pl. XL, figS. IQ, 2O, 28. Type locality. — Prince William Sound. Associated with the preceding, S. morchi, are smaller, similarly coiled, but dextral tubes, slightly flattened on top, the surface rough- ened by growth lines, and an ill-defined spiral line feebly indicating an outer shoulder. Collar setae also similar to those in S. morchi. Calcareous plate in the operculum solid and somewhat resembling a plug, thus differing from that of any other species. Diameter about 1.5 mm. ; height about I mm. 6". rugatus found on stones at Sitka forms similar dextral tubes, but the collar setae are finely serrate, tapered blades without any indication of a fin-like base. Prince William Sound, at Orca, on Serpula tubes, and at Virgin Bay, on Crucigera tubes. SPIRORBIS QUADRANGULARIS Stimpson 1853. pi. xxxix, fig. 37; pi. XL, figs. 10, n, 21, 23, 26, 30; pi. XLII, figs. 23-29; pi. XLIII, figs. 14, 15. Type locality. — Bay of Fundy, in 10 fathoms. Tubes found on Crucigera tubes from Alaska are not four-sided, but have only a perpendicular inner wall with angular, seldom cari- nated, shoulder defining a small central cavity. A similar form is very common along the eastern coast, where there is found great varia- bility in the development of the tubes. Young are often without the slightest indication of any angularity, resembling S. spirorbis and maturing into the form figured by Levinsen as S. affints, which often twists irregularly upward like S. lucidus ; others develop a small ridge on top of the whorls, which sometimes increases into a conspic- uous carina forming three-sided whorls. Upon examination of speci- mens this is found to be the form called S. granulatus by Moore (1902) and is probably the one identified by Levinsen (1883) as the S. carinatus of Montagu (1803). Until the animal of specimens from England can be studied this question must remain undecided, especially as there are in the Yale Museum, on a worn bivalve from England, several sinistral, unicarinate, regularly coiled tubes, which differ from the west Atlantic form in having a large central cavity showing all the whorls, and may prove to be the true S. carinatus. All the animals examined agree in having a similar convex calcare- ous cap on the operculum and the same form of setae, those of the col- 242 BUSH lar being long, finely serrate, tapered blades with coarser fin-like bases. Prince William Sound, at Orca, on Crucigera tubes. SPIRORBIS LINEATUS sp. nov. pi. xxxix, fig. 29. Type locality. — Sitka. Moderately thick yellowish tubes, roughened by growth lines, and 2, rarely 3, spiral threads varying in size and position in different indi- viduals, form more or less regular sinistral coils with small central cavity. Sometimes a thread defines the central cavity, and at other times this apparently disappears and one defines an outer shoulder, the median one being constant, the three rarely occurring together. Associated with these are tubes on which the spiral lines are so feeble as to be scarcely discernible. Immature tubes with 3 spiral lines were at first taken to be worn examples of the small S. granulatus Linn6, on which the three spirals form conspicuous thin lamellae. Diameter 1.5 to 2 mm. ; height about i mm. The collar setae of both species are similar in form, being long, tapered, finely serrate blades with spiny fin-like bases. Sitka, on a much-worn bivalve; and Prince William Sound, at Orca, on Crucigera tubes. SPIRORBIS SIMILIS sp. nov. pi. xxix, fig. 3, c; pi. xxxix, figs. 16, 31 ; pi. XL, figs. 9, 17, 18 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 27, 31. Type locality. — Prince William Sound. Dull, opaque, unsculptured, usually regularly coiled, somewhat flar- ing, sinistral tubes with small central cavity, similar to those of S. more hi. On examination of the animal, however, the operculum plate and setae were found to be very different in form, the collar seta? being regularly tapered, finely serrate blades, with fine fin-like bases, similar to those seen in S. lineatus, and the operculum, a brood-pouch filled with eggs, protected by a flat calcareous plate with a small spreading base and the usual ventral prolongation or supporting wall. Prince William Sound, at Virgin Bay and Orca, on Crucigera tubes ; Sitka, on fragments of rock. SPIRORBIS VIOLACEUS Levinsen 1883. pi. XLI, figs, i, a; pi. XLII, figs. 8-12. Type locality. — Greenland. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 243 Vitreous, strongly grooved and carinated, regularly coiled, dextral tubes agree with eastern specimens from Greenland and the Grand Banks and also with Levinsen's figure. The plate on the operculum is similar to that figured by Caullery and Mesnil (1897). The collar setae are like one form figured by them, but none appears to have any indication of the notch-like irregularity in the edge shown in the other form ; the serrations are much coarser than in the figure given by Levinsen. Sitka, on shells ; Prince William Sound, at Orca, on Cruclgera tubes ; also Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, on a specimen of Pachypoma collected by the Geological Survey of Canada. SPIRORBIS SPIRILLUM Linne 1760. pi. xxvn, fig. 8; pi. xxxin, fig. 15 ; pi. xxxix, figs. 21, 22, 23, 28; pi. XL, fig. 7 ; pi. XLII, figs. 1-5 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 9, 10. Type locality. — ? Ocean, on Sertularia and other zoophytes. The dextral discoid form at the present time considered to be the true S. spirillum of Linne1 is very common on algae from Cape Fox, Alaska, south to Santa Barbara, California. On the eastern coast it is very common on kelp {Laminaria) and on the interior of the aper- ture of univalves (Buccinum, Sipho, etc.) along the New England coast from Cape Cod to Greenland. The slender ascending form, the true S. lucidus of Montagu, also occurs on bryozoans {Bugula mur- rayana and other branching forms) from St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, along the coast of Alaska, south to Pacific Grove, California, where it is also attached to small univalves. On the eastern coast it occurs on bryozoans, hydroids, annelid tubes, and algae ; often attaining a large size, the var •. greenlandicus of Morch (51. porrecta of Fabricius). The animals examined from all localities agree in having on the operculum a similar thin, shallow, calcareous plate, with slight inner or basal projection and similarly formed setae ; those of the collar genicu- late — abruptly tapered serrate blades, broad and angular at base. There is considerable variation in their length and in the size of the serrations, the latter sometimes being scarcely visible, especially on those of the discoid form from Alaska. SPIRORBIS RUGATUS sp. nov. pi. xxix, fig. 3, b ; pi. xxxv, fig. 14; pi. XLIV, figs. 18, 19. Type locality. — Sitka. On the same fragments of rock with S. variabilis were a few speci- mens, attached singly and in a small colony, of a small dextral species 244 BUSH forming a regularly coiled low spire with central cavity, fragile in tex- ture in preservation, dull opaque, roughened by conspicuous growth and occasional obscure spiral lines. As noted on page 241, they can- not readily be separated from the tubes of S. incongruus. Although the specimens are imperfect, their animals more or less mutilated, the following important characters could be ascertained : Branchiae 7. Operculum forming a somewhat cylindrical (imperfect) brood- pouch of simple cell tissue, protected on the end by a thin calcareous cap, but showing no indication of an internal (partition) wall found in this organ in some of the eastern species. One was filled with par- tially developed eggs ; the others had the pouch torn away, leaving the basal expansion in one instance showing the formation of a new cal- careous terminal plate (pi. xxxv, fig. 14) and in another a simple covering of tissue. Large eggs, showing a nucleus and nucleolus when stained, were in the posterior part of the body-cavity, and smaller ones were scat- tered through the (10?) posterior segments. In the 3 thoracic segments the setae vary remarkably in form. In the collar fascicle the superior ones have very broad, conspicuously scalloped, tapered blades ; in the other fascicles they are so narrow as to be scarcely distinguishable from the inferior capillary ones. SPIRORBIS COMPTUS sp. nov. Type locality. — ? California. On a red alga from California, without definite locality, associated with S. spirillum, is a small, dextral, yellowish species, usually form- ing a low regular coil with small central cavity, often spreading around the base in a thin layer, the surface rovighened by conspicuous trans- verse lines and three prominent spiral ridges, one defining the central cavity, one median, and one around the outer shoulder ; in immature examples the median one is usually the most prominent, the others be- ing scarcely noticeable. Diameter 1.5 mm. ; height less than i mm. The animals were all much dried. In a small specimen the oper- culum had a thin disk-like plate with an elongated, angular basal por- tion. In an adult the operculum, filled with eggs, was protected by a flat calcareous cap with long basal shield. The setae were similar to those found in S. rugatus; those of the collar fascicle, simple tapered blades with serrate edges. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 245 These tubes are much smaller and more fragile than some on shells from Pacific Grove, California, identified as S. asperatus. SPIRORBIS ASPERATUS sp. nov. pi. xxvm, fig. 10; pi. xxx, fig. 4; pi. XLI, figs. 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 19, 31, 32; pi. XLIII, figs, i, a, 3, 7, 13, 26. Type locality. — Sitka. Tubes large, rounded, turning upward in a left-handed spiral, the turns resting one above the other or stretched out, forming variously twisted, crowded masses attached to rocks, shells, and worm tubes ; opaque, yellowish, without lustre, roughened by conspicuous growth lines and sometimes with one to three more or less definite spiral threads. Animal long and slender, with 3 thoracic and 16 to 21 posterior segments. Thoracic membrane conspicuous, nearly covering the branchiae. Operculum gradually enlarging from the short, stout peduncle, flat- tened dorso-ventrally and protected on the end by a large, thin, cup- shaped calcareous plate having a large, thin, spreading basal portion. Superior setae not differing essentially in form in the three segments ; long, narrow, tapered, finely serrate blades ; in the third fascicle a few with conspicuously fringed ends were found ; as they were not seen in all of the animals examined, it could not be satisfactorily determined whether they simply failed to show in the mounting or actually do not constantly occur. Strings of undeveloped eggs in some instances were found along the back of the posterior segments, which were much swollen, each with conspicuous bunches of mucous glands partly concealing the two setae, one of which has the characteristic geniculate form, and the other destitute of a blade, with the end of the shaft or manubrium, pointed and curved. Sitka, June 16, very common on rocks and shells, usually associated with bryozoa ; Prince William Sound, at Orca, on Crucigera tubes ; Pacific Grove, California, on small shells. SPIRORBIS ABNORMIS sp. nov. pi. xxxix, fig. 35; pi. XL, figs, i, 2; pi. XLIII, figs. 24, 28, 29. Type locality. — Sitka. Dull, opaque, usually rounded tubes in irregular sinistral coils, the whorls often piling on one another, somewhat resemble some forms of S. asperatus. 246 BUSH The operculum differs from that of all other species in having three distinct parts, each with a similar calcareous plate. In some instances the two upper parts have been torn away, leaving one plate in the operculum which is filled with well-developed embryos, each with a conspicuous patch or mass of white, which under pressure separates into minute rods that are soluble in acid. Similar white masses have been found in the embryos in the operculum of the eastern S. granulatus and S. validus. Their exact significance has not been satisfactorily determined. They apparently have not before been noted. Setae finely serrate blades, not very unlike those of S. asperatus. On fragments of rocks with S. variabilis. SPIRORBIS INVERSUS sp. nov. Type locality. — Port Phillip, Australia. Isolated, minute, opaque, very lustrous, sinistral tubes, closely allied in form to S. lucidus, are attached to the tips of the lower or sheltered branches of a bryozoan {Menipea cirrata Lam. ?) in the Yale Uni- versity Museum. They are remarkable for the turning downward, like a spout, of the more or less elongated terminal portion, but at first form regular flat coils. No definite characters could be obtained from the much- dried animals. No record of such a species has thus far been found. SPIRORBIS TRIDENTATUS sp. nov. Type locality. — Port Phillip, Australia. Associated with S. inversus on the bryozoan Menipea cirrata are numerous other isolated white tubes which are carinated and dextrally coiled more or less irregularly upward when mature, the margin of the aperture with two deep angular incisions forming three conspicuous angular teeth. They differ from all known forms in having the lower surface of the whorls distinctly smaller than the upper surface, the sides inclined out- ward forming a carinated shoulder, with the usually flattened upper surface, on which is a much larger median carina ; a third defines a small, deep, central cavity, but in many full-grown specimens the inner one is inconspicuous or wanting. No animals were found. This species may prove to be either S. lamellosus Lam. or S. in- cisus Morch (S. carinatus Lam. non Montagu) described by La- marck in 1818, from King Island, which is south of Port Phillip. The descriptions are inadequate for accurate identification, and the figures by Chenu have not been seen. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 247 NOTES ON SOME PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SPECIES OF SPIRORBIS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS FROM THE ATLANTIC. Spirorbis granulatus Linne1 1767. pi. XL, fig. 24; pi. XLIII, fig. 32. This small species is well figured by Levinsen (1883, pi. in, fig. 9; fig. 10 is a different species). It is very common on bryozoans ( Cel- leporaria, Escharopsis^ Porella, etc.) from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Greenland ; though often larger and less regularly coiled it is readily distinguished by the three conspicuous thin lamella-like carinae. The name, however, has been erroneously applied to several other forms, as the following : S. granulatus Fabricius 1780= violaceus Levinsen 1883; granulatus Montagu 1803 = sulcatus Adams 1797; granulatus Langerhans 1 880, and probably also that of Saint -Joseph 1 894 = militaris Cla- parede 1868 ; granulatus Caullery and Mesnil 1897 = ? ; granulatus Moore 1902 = triangular form of quadrangular is Stimpson 1853. Spirorbis verruca Fabricius 1822, non Levinsen 1883. pi. XLI, figs. 3, 12; pi. XLIV, figs, i, 16. Numerous specimens of a good-sized, thick, opaque, white, sinistral tube with spreading base and small central cavity, attached to a valve of Chlamys islandicus from Greenland, are identified as S. verruca, as they seem to agree more closely with Fabricius' description than the larger form figured by Levinsen (1883). The surface is ornamented with one, sometimes two, small rounded spiral threads, rarely suffi- ciently prominent to be termed carinas. In adults, at the upper angle of the inner or columellar margin, the edge of the aperture is tilted upward ; sometimes the ends of the threads form obscure projections on the upper edge. The calcareous plate on the operculum, which becomes a brood- pouch, can scarcely be distinguished from that of 6". validus Verrill, but the collar seta differ in being less numerous and in some having an obscure posterior notch. Specimens on Nothria tubes from Greenland, identified by Moore 1902, on examination prove to be the discoid form of S. validus V. Spirorbis vitreus Fabricius 1780. pi. XLI, fig. 14; pi. XLII, figs. 6, 7. Some immature forms of this dextral hyaline species have a rounded thread or cingulum on the top of the whorls, ending at the aperture in a tooth-like projection. 248 BUSH Found on stones and shells from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, and on a fragment of shell from Devonshire, England. Spirorbis cancellatus Fabricius 1780. pi. xxxix, fig. 36; pi. XL, fig. 27; pi. XLII, figs. 30-34. A dextral, vitreous, grooved and carinated form, associated with numerous specimens of S. sulcatus Adams, is attached to a worn limpet shell from Birterbuy Bay, Ireland. Small notches along the edge of the base indicate the possibility of its proving to be an unde- veloped or maturing specimen of S. cancellatus Fabr. not before recorded from Great Britain. It may be S. conicus Fleming (1825) which Morch placed as a variety of S. vitreus Fabr. Spirorbis communis Bosc 1802. No satisfactory conclusion can be reached in regard to this species, owing to the very brief description and indefinite locality. The figure given by Bosc represents a regularly coiled sinistral form with smooth surface, similar to S. Spirorbis Linn6. Spirorbis corrugatus Montagu 1803, non Caullery and Mesnil 1897. On a stone from Birterbuy Bay, Ireland, are four species of Spir- orbis. The most numerous form is of good size, sinistral, the last whorl usually covering all the others, forming a central pit ; some- times irregularly coiled, with the aperture turning upward. Surface in perfect condition, very lustrous and smooth, but as this epidermal layer is easily destroyed many of them have the surface roughened by numerous transverse lines, but no spiral ones. These apparently agree with Montagu's description. The dextral form sometimes having spiral lines, identified and figured by Caullery and Mesnil (1897) as this species, must be distinct, for which the name pseudocorrugatus is proposed. The form described and figured by Langerhans (1880) is also dextral. Spirorbis heterostrophus Montagu 1803. A regularly coiled, small, dextral form has the surface cut by grooves and carinae which increase with age, so that fully developed specimens are distinctly tricarinate, the entire surface often roughened by transverse lines. Another small dextral form, which is considered distinct, has two, three, or more rounded spiral threads and no grooves. This one does not appear to have been mentioned by Mon- tagu or others. A third dextral form has a single dorsal carina and may prove to be S. carinatus Montagu or S. minutus Montagu. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 249 Spirorbis carinatus Montagu 1803. As already stated (p. 241), there is considerable doubt in regard to this species. The form described by Fleming (1825) is certainly very similar to S. quadrangular is Stimpson, but it is not improbable that both species occur on the English coast. In the Yale University Museum are two unicarinate, regularly coiled forms, one dextral, attached to a valve of Anomia from Guernsey, England, and to a stone from Birterbuy Bay, Ireland, and the other sinistral, attached to a worn valve from England; neither is like the carinate, triangular, immature form of S. quadrangular is from Eastport, Maine, and from Greenland. Spirorbis sulcatus Adams 1797; S. granulatus Montagu 1803, non Linne 1767. pi. XLI, fig. 9; pi. XLIII, figs. 8, 19. Attached to a Haliotis tuberculata from Guernsey, England, and to a worn limpet shell from Birterbuy Bay, Ireland, are numerous thick, more or less regularly spirally coiled, sinistral tubes, having a deep groove on top of the whorls, when adult, with a large rounded carina on each side, the inner one defining the small central cavity ; in very large specimens another much shallower groove appears on the side of the whorl, with a much smaller carina or thread along its lower edge. The surface, when perfect, has considerable luster. This species is much larger and thicker than the dextral tricarinate form identified as S. heterostrophus, and is without question the S. granulatus Montagu 1803, non Linn6 1767, and therefore must take the name sulcatus, used by Adams 1797 (Linnean Transactions, in, p. 254), non Lamarck 1818. By the use of potash solution the dried animals were taken from some of the tubes, and the calcareous plate on the operculum and the setae were found. Spirorbis validus Verrill 1874. pi. xxxvn, figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 32 ; pi. XLIV, figs. 11—14. This, the largest of all species of Spirorbis, varies greatly in its manner of coiling, there being a marked contrast between the regular sinistral form figured by Levinsen as S. verruca Fabr. and others, where the whorls lie one above the other, forming a high irregular spiral. No difference, however, could be found in the essential characters of their animals. In all the specimens examined, the branchiae number 13 (in very large adult forms Verrill counted 15) and all the setae have long, slender, finely serrate, tapered blades. 25O BUSH Spirorbis stimpsoni Verrill 1879. pi. xxxix, fig. 38; pi. XL, fig. 29; Pl. XLIII, figS. 2O, 21, 22. This species forms regularly coiled sinistral tubes with large central cavity, the aperture occasionally turned upward, the surface often roughened by growth lines and a small rounded median thread. Spirorbis pusilloides nom. nov. for Mera pusilla Saint-Joseph 1894. As the pusilla of Saint- Joseph is now referred to the genus Spir- orbis, and as this specific name was used by Rathke in 1836 for a form from the Black Sea, S. pusilloides is proposed for Saint- Joseph's species. Spirorbis pseudocorrugatus nom. nov. for S. corrugatus Caullery and Mesnil 1897, non Montagu 1803 (see p. 248). Spirorbis f oraminosus Bush 1 904. Tubes forming a good sized dextral discoid coil, the surface orna- mented with 3 carinae, the median one the most prominent, on both sides of which the slightly concave surface is punctured by irregular minute holes or foramina apparently caused by the erosion of the epi- dermal layer ; immature forms probably having the surface crossed by numerous transverse lines. The operculum, which is a brood-pouch, is elongated, cylindrical, filled with eggs, the calcareous plate a simple disk with flaring rim with large shield-shaped basal portion attached posteriorly to a secondary calcareous disk on the end of the operculum proper. Setae with simple tapered blades, those on the collar the broadest and more abruptly tapered than the others. Spirorbis bellulus Bush 1904. Tube dextral, regularly coiled, with small central cavity, the surface ornamented with 3, sometimes 4, unequal rounded threads, the one on the summit the most prominent. The calcareous plate on the opercu- lum somewhat angular, with deep upright thickened rim. Setae with long slender tapered blades, those on the collar with comparatively coarse serrations. Spirorbis dorsatus Bush 1904. Tube dextral, regularly coiled, with a single high median ridge on the last whorl. No animal found. Spirorbis argutus Bush 1904. Tube sinistral, forming a low discoid coil with large central cavity, spreading around the base in a thin layer, the whorl rapidly enlarg- ing and ornamented with one large median keel and numerous distinct SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 251 transverse lines. Calcareous plate on the operculum thin, disk-like, slightly thickened in the center. Setae with simple tapered blades. Spirorbis tubaeformis sp. nov. pi. xxxix, figs. 30, 32 ; pi. XLII, figs. Small, opaque, white sinistral tubes common on Irish moss ( Chon- drus) from Long Island Sound, southern New England, at New Haven, Connecticut, closely resemble the dextral S. sinistrorsus com- mon on lobsters from Cornwall, England, in the Yale University Museum. The central cavity is smaller than in S. spirorbis Linn6, not showing so much of the earlier whorls, the last whorl being more spreading or trumpet -shaped. In the adult form, which is rarely found, the surface sometimes becomes roughened by irregular growth lines, and the whorls appear rounder and turn upward after the manner of S. lucidus, but in the opposite direction. Collar setae with fine serrate blades and coarser fin-like bases similar to those of S. spirorbis. Spirorbis evolutus sp. nov. pi. XLII, figs. 20, 21, 22. Smooth, opaque, rather fragile sinistral tubes are attached to the inside of the aperture of a shell {Sipho) from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The early whorls are coiled in a regular discoid form, from which the tube stretches out and becomes evolute, more or less irregularly curved, sometimes twisted, increasing abruptly in size and forming a long, somewhat trumpet -shaped portion. They are usually separated, but sometimes spread over one another. In the five specimens stained and mounted in glycerine, the number of branchiae is apparently 9, but this is impossible to determine with accuracy, as they have become much matted in preservation. The operculum is of the ordinary form, with the thin calcareous terminal plate having an unusually long, somewhat spreading basal portion. Body-cavity dis- tended with well-developed eggs. Posterior portion very short, num- ber of segments indeterminable ; only a few setae and scarcely discern- ible uncini were visible. Setae of the collar fascicle slender, long, rounded at base, with faintly serrate edges, one or two with a slight posterior notch. Spirorbis formosus sp. nov. pi. xxxix, figs. 18, 19 ; pi. XLI, fig. 22 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 18, 23, 25, 30. Small, regularly coiled, dextral, yellowish tubes, very common on gulf-weed (Sargassum} from the Gulf Stream and Bermuda, where they are also found on shells, are ornamented on top with two or three, 252 BUSH often unequal, spiral threads or carinae, the interspaces crossed by numerous raised transverse lines which extend over the side, and in fully developed specimens spread around the base. The operculum is furnished with a peculiar calcareous cylinder in which well-developed embryos, some with good sized seta, have been found. Some speci- mens collected at Bermuda in February 1904, by Mr. D wight Blaney, have two complete cylinders, one above the other, on the operculum ; others have a single large cylinder filled with well-developed eggs. All the thoracic setae have narrow tapered blades. Spirorbis mutabilis sp. nov. Smaller, more or less regularly coiled sinistral tubes are found on various shells at Bermuda, often with the preceding species. The surface is usually but little roughened, but sometimes very faint spiral lines occur, and in rare instances, when the development has not been impeded, the surface is ornamented with two keels which define the flattened top, giving a four-sided appearance ; sometimes the aper- ture is turned upward. The operculum is furnished with a thin, more or less concave calcareous plate with small base. Some of the oper- cula were filled with globular masses and others were of the ordinary form. In some instances egg-chains were found in the tubes along the dorsal furrow. The collar setae have long, tapered, coarsely serrate blades with conspicuous fin-like bases. NOTES ON THE GENUS SPIRORBIS, WITH A LIST OF DESCRIBED SPECIES. The genus Spirorbis seems to have been purposely avoided by most authors, little systematic work having been done since Morch, in 1863, published the descriptions, with added notes, of all of the earlier described species, straightening out much of the confusion in their synonymy. Levinsen, in 1883, was the first to make a thorough study of the northern species, by dissecting the animals, and has, by his excellent figures of their tubes and important collar setae, done much toward rendering it possible to correctly identify them. As little had been published in regard to the importance of the operculum, with its protective calcareous plate, in connection with the writer's study of the Alaska species, the animals of numerous Atlantic forms found along the coast from Greenland to Bermuda have been dis- sected with special reference to this character. The investigations were SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 253 completed before the valuable article1 on Spirorbis, published by Caullery and Mesnil in 1897, could be consulted. It was found that these authors had made special and careful observations on the oper- cula, with their calcareous plates, of many species, giving excellent figures, as well as figures of the important collar setae. In connection with their studies of material obtained at the laboratories of St.-Vaast- la-Hougue on the English Channel, and from the French Expedition to Cape Horn, these authors also borrowed specimens from the Museum of Copenhagen (from Levinsen), the Paris Museum, and the Faculty of Science of Lyons, besides special species from Marenzeller and Marion, so that their list includes 27 species, 12 of which are described as new, and their results far exceed in value any hitherto published. Owing to the limited time allowed for the perusal of this paper, only the most important facts could be noted, and it has been found impossible to de- termine to what degree the following observations may be a repetition of those of Caullery and Mesnil. In those species in which the embryos are developed in the tube, as in S.spirorbis Linne1, S. spirillum Linne", S. asperatus sp. nov. etc., the operculum is used simply as an organ of protection in closing the aperture of the tube ; while in others, as S. granulatus Linn£, S. validus Verrill, S. stimpsoni Verrill, S. quadrangularis Stimpson. etc., it has an added purpose, by being differentiated into a thin-walled, pouch-like cavity in which the embryos are fully developed. It is protected on the end by a calcareous plate or cap, varying in form, having near its inner or ventral edge a more or less developed basal portion. In species where there is but a slight basal thickening, as S. semidentatus sp. nov., the plate appears to be more or less embedded in the operculum, and minute protozoans, sponges, etc., are often affixed to its exposed surface ; but in others, where there is an elon- gated, more or less shield-shaped base, special muscles are joined to the free end, apparently governing the movement of the plate, as they appear to extend downward through the peduncle to the muscular layer of the body, such muscle fibers often remaining attached when the plate has been dissected. When the operculum becomes differen- tiated into a brood-pouch a larger basal portion develops, which is usually shallow behind and long in front, sometimes reaching nearly the depth of the operculum, forming a stiff wall, thus protecting the 1 Considerable difficulty was experienced in obtaining a copy of this article ; as lack of time prevented application to the authors themselves, it was borrowed by Mr. Van Name, the Librarian of the University Library, from the Surgeon General's Office in Washington, D. C. 254 BUSH embryos. In some instances this appears to be simply an addition over or in front of the first base, and in others an entirely new plate develops, which pushes the primary one forward until it becomes entirely disconnected and ultimately lost. A series showing this interesting feature was found in S. validus V. (pi. XLIV, fig. 14). In some instances this second base appears to be formed by a network of calcareous deposit over the surface of that portion of the operculum, and in others it seems to be composed of minute granules. In some instances the primary plate itself is repeated, as in S. variabilis sp. nov., where the calcareous disk is composed of two layers easily separable into two complete disks (pi. XLIII, fig. 16), and in S. abnor- mis sp. nov., where there were three similar plates, attached one above the other, the operculum itself appearing to be divided into three chambers, the posterior one containing well-developed embryos (pi. XLIII, figs. 24, 28, 29). In S. formosus sp. nov., where nearly the entire operculum becomes a calcareous cylinder, the primary base was seen inside the cylinder (pi. XLIII, fig. 30), when this was severed from its peduncle, and another plate in process of development was found in the expanded end (pi. XLIII, fig. 23), which apparently was to become another operculum ; two complete cylinders have also been found attached one above the other. This and other instances where the brood-pouch, apparently having split along the back and discharged its embryos, was becoming torn away, revealing a calcareous disk be- neath it, points to the fact that in Spirorbis the animal has the power of renewing its operculum on the same side of the body, instead of form- ing a secondary one on the opposite side, as in Serpula, Crucigera, etc. Caullery and Mesnil found a close relationship between the direction of the coiling of the tube and the development of the animal ; that all dextral forms had the operculum on the right side and all sinistral ones on the left side, presumably differentiated from the second branchia. It would therefore seem improbable that any species could turn in both directions, that is, have both a right and left form, an opinion held by some investigators ; hence the direction of the coiling of the tube is of first importance in determining species. The embryological development of a number of species has been studied by several authors — Pagenstecher 1862 (S. pagenstecheri Qtr. 1865); Agassiz 1866 + Willemoes-Suhm 1871 + Saint- Joseph 1894+ Schively 1897 (S. spirorbis L.) ; Claparede 1868 (S. Icevis Qtr.), Fewkes 1885 (S. spirillum L.) ; Saint- Joseph 1894 (S. pusil- loides nom. nov.) — and hermaphroditism has been found to be the rule. Nearly all agree that the spermatozoa are carried in the posterior SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 255 setigerous segments, some maintain that the ova are found only in the first two or three of these segments, others that they occur only in the middle or body-cavity, which ruptures along its convex side, per- mitting the eggs to escape into the tube, where they are developed. In preserved specimens of S. spirorbis strings or chains of embryos show- ing well-formed setae have been found lying along the back, apparently coming from an opening in the body-cavity just back of the thorax. In several specimens, when stained and mounted, eggs showing nucleus and nucleolus have been seen in both the body-cavity and (smaller ones) in the first few posterior segments, but no spermatozoa were noticed, the posterior segments being usually filled with minute gran- ules (oil drops?), with the mucous glands on their dorsal surface very conspicuous, especially when eggs were found in the tube. Miss Schively, however, who carried on her investigations during two sea- sons, examining specimens from eight different localities in Vineyard Sound and Buzzard's Bay, states "that S. borealis has two breeding seasons. One of these extends from the middle of June to the middle of July ; the other extends through the month of August. During the last two weeks of July no eggs were found either in the body-cavity or in the shell." "The eggs pass out through the operculum ; its end bears a movable translucent plate of lime, etc." " The reproductive glands are arranged on either side of the intestinal canal near the stomach. Where the ova and sperm is developed is distinguished merely by the presence of the product. The eggs pass into the body- cavity and from here into the operculum, where they are fertilized and a capsule is secreted ; from here they pass out through the opening of the operculum and are placed in the mid-dorsal furrow. The oper- culum does not serve for a brood-pouch as does that of S. spirillum." She probably refers to the species studied by Pagenstecher in 1862, which he erroneously identified as S. spirillum, to which Quatrefages in 1865 gave the name S. pagenstecheri. In the many specimens recently examined, of S. spirillum Linn6 detached from kelp (Lamt- naria) , chains of eggs have been found in the tube. This is supposed to be the species studied by Fewkes in 1885, as S. borealis; the S. spirillum of Agassiz (1866) is S. borealis Daudin = S. spirorbis Linne. Saint -Joseph (1894) states that he found in Mera pusilla {Spirorbis pusilloides nom. nov.) not only well-developed embryos in the opercu- lum, but large ova in the first two abdominal segments and spermatozoa in the following ones. In one instance only were spermatogonia and spermatozoa seen (see Addendum) ; but the other features were noted 254 BUSH embryos. In some instances this appears to be simply an addition over or in front of the first base, and in others an entirely new plate develops, which pushes the primary one forward until it becomes entirely disconnected and ultimately lost. A series showing this interesting feature was found in S. -validus V. (pi. XLIV, fig. 14). In some instances this second base appears to be formed by a network of calcareous deposit over the surface of that portion of the operculum, and in others it seems to be composed of minute granules. In some instances the primary plate itself is repeated, as in S. •variabilis sp. nov., where the calcareous disk is composed of two layers easily separable into two complete disks (pi. XLIII, fig. 16), and in S. abnor- tnis sp. nov., where there were three similar plates, attached one above the other, the operculum itself appearing to be divided into three chambers, the posterior one containing well-developed embryos (pi. XLIII, figs. 24, 28, 29). In S. formosus sp. nov., where nearly the entire operculum becomes a calcareous cylinder, the primary base was seen inside the cylinder (pi. XLIII, fig. 30), when this was severed from its peduncle, and another plate in process of development was found in the expanded end (pi. XLIII, fig. 23), which apparently was to become another operculum ; two complete cylinders have also been found attached one above the other. This and other instances where the brood-pouch, apparently having split along the back and discharged its embryos, was becoming torn away, revealing a calcareous disk be- neath it, points to the fact that in Spirorbis the animal has the power of renewing its operculum on the same side of the body, instead of form- ing a secondary one on the opposite side, as in Serpula, Crucigera, etc. Caullery and Mesnil found a close relationship between the direction of the coiling of the tube and the development of the animal ; that all dextral forms had the operculum on the right side and all sinistral ones on the left side, presumably differentiated from the second branchia. It would therefore seem improbable that any species could turn in both directions, that is, have both a right and left form, an opinion held by some investigators ; hence the direction of the coiling of the tube is of first importance in determining species. The embryological development of a number of species has been studied by several authors — Pagenstecher 1862 (S. pagenstecheri Qtr. 1865); Agassiz 1866 + Willemoes-Suhm 1871 + Saint- Joseph 1894+ Schively 1897 (S- spirorbis L.) ; Claparede 1868 (S. Icevis Qtr.), Fewkes 1885 (S '. spirillum L.) ; Saint- Joseph 1894 (S. pusil- loides nom. nov.) — and hermaphroditism has been found to be the rule. Nearly all agree that the spermatozoa are carried in the posterior SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 255 setigerous segments, some maintain that the ova are found only in the first two or three of these segments, others that they occur only in the middle or body-cavity, which ruptures along its convex side, per- mitting the eggs to escape into the tube, where they are developed. In preserved specimens of S. spirorbis strings or chains of embryos show- ing well-formed setae have been found lying along the back, apparently coming from an opening in the body-cavity just back of the thorax. In several specimens, when stained and mounted, eggs showing nucleus and nucleolus have been seen in both the body-cavity and (smaller ones) in the first few posterior segments, but no spermatozoa were noticed, the posterior segments being usually filled with minute gran- ules (oil drops?), with the mucous glands on their dorsal surface very conspicuous, especially when eggs were found in the tube. Miss Schively, however, who carried on her investigations during two sea- sons, examining specimens from eight different localities in Vineyard Sound and Buzzard's Bay, states "that S. borealis has two breeding seasons. One of these extends from the middle of June to the middle of July ; the other extends through the month of August. During the last two weeks of July no eggs were found either in the body-cavity or in the shell." "The eggs pass out through the operculum ; its end bears a movable translucent plate of lime, etc." " The reproductive glands are arranged on either side of the intestinal canal near the stomach. Where the ova and sperm is developed is distinguished merely by the presence of the product. The eggs pass into the body- cavity and from here into the operculum, where they are fertilized and a capsule is secreted ; from here they pass out through the opening of the operculum and are placed in the mid-dorsal furrow. The oper- culum does not serve for a brood-pouch as does that of S. spirillum" She probably refers to the species studied by Pagenstecher in 1862, which he erroneously identified as S. spirillum, to which Quatrefages in 1865 gave the name S. pagenstecheri. In the many specimens recently examined, of S. spirillum Linne' detached from kelp (Lamt- naria) , chains of eggs have been found in the tube. This is supposed to be the species studied by Fewkes in 1885, as S. borealis; the S. spirillum of Agassiz (1866) is S. borealis Daudin = S. spirorbis Linne. Saint -Joseph (1894) states that he found in Mera pusilla {Spirorbis pusilloides nom. nov.) not only well-developed embryos in the opercu- lum, but large ova in the first two abdominal segments and spermatozoa in the following ones. In one instance only were spermatogonia and spermatozoa seen (see Addendum) ; but the other features were noted 258 BUSH vise a simple method of arranging the various species, based on this character. By comparing the different forms, which vary from nar- row tapered blades to those having a conspicuous fin-like base, they are found to grade into one another, and fall into the following natural divisions or groups, to which apparently Saint -Joseph's names can be applied : A. In the forms having the distinct fin-like base, the fin angular or rounded, there are apparent differences in the serrations, which are separable into two groups. In the first the serrations on the edge of the blade are comparatively fine and the spines on the fin usually much coarser (pi. XL, fig. 1 2) . Taking Spirorbis borealis Daudin, now con- sidered synonymous with S. spirorbis Linne, as the type species, there should be a few (3 to 5) odd setae with elongated fringed ends in the third fascicle of thoracic setae. This is Spirorbis in its strictest sense. B. In the second form the serrations become very coarse on both the blade and fin (pi. xxxvii, fig. 24) . As milt farts Claparede falls into this group, it is equal to the genus Pileolaria Claparede + Saint- Joseph, which, according to the latter, has no odd setae. C. The form with rounded fin gives rise to those in which the fin is defined only by a more or less definite notch, which entirely disappears, forming simple tapered blades (pi. XLI, fig. 3). In this group are both pagenstecheri Quatrefages, referred to Janua by Saint- Joseph as type, and pusillus Saint -Joseph, referred to Mera as type. The first is described as having the odd setae of Apomatus on one or more segments, while the second has them on the third only, so that there seems to be no distinguishable difference between them, except in the form of the operculum. Mera therefore becomes synonymous with Janua, the name of this third group. D. The form with angular fin gives rise to a simple blade, broadly angular at base, found in armoricanus Saint-Joseph, referred to Circeis as type (pi. XLI, figs. 1,2). E. Instead of being angular, the blade becomes broadly rounded at base, as in Icevts Quatrefages, referred by Saint- Joseph to Leodora as type. Caullery and Mesnil suggested the possibility of this proving synonymous with the following group. T\ The blades become long, narrow, regularly tapered, and similar in all three fascicles, as in perrieri Caullery and Mesnil, the type of Romanchella Caullery and Mesnil (pi. xxxvn, fig. 8). None of these groups or divisions are sufficiently disconnected or distinct to give them generic (after Saint-Joseph) or subgeneric (after Caullery and Mesnil) value. But since the names have been proposed, SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 259 they are retained only as sectional ones in the following table (p. 261), especially as setae of similar forms are found in genera which differ from Spirorbis in the number of thoracic segments, in the form and substance of the plate in the operculum, and in some instances in lacking an operculum. As a large number of species are known only by their tubes, the animals of comparatively few having been studied with reference to the form of their collar setae, two simple methods have been adopted in grouping them, as a possible aid to their correct identification : One based on a knowledge of the tube (see p. 260), and the other on the form of the superior collar setae (see p. 261). Levinsen (1883) used the terms ' sinistral * and ' dextral' in group- ing the northern species, but also retained (after Morch) the sub- stance1 of the tube as an equally important character. As this, how- ever, is found to change sometimes with growth, and also to be more or less affected in preservation, it cannot always be defined with accuracy, and might prove misleading. Therefore the direction of the coil and the character of the surface of the tube are the only points considered in the first table. To avoid repetition and confusion of names, a list of all the recog- nized species, as far as known, is given after the two tables. They are arranged chronologically, and with each is given its principal synonyms and reference to figures, also the principal localities at which it has been found. As the numerals used by Caullery and Mesnil in their recent and very important work (1897) show the arrangement of species in their subgeneric relation as well as to one another, this num- ber is given after the names of these authors. Names with an asterisk show that the species has been studied and is in the Yale University Museum. Of the 73 species cited, only 59 could be placed in the first table, although the position of some of these may be questioned, and but 41 in the second table. The necessary further study of the others may prove some of them to be but synonyms there being 14 species having the tube inadequately described and 32 about which nothing is appar- ently known of the animal. 1 Crystalline, vitreous, cretaceous, porcellanous, etc., have been used. 26O BUSH TABLE I. BASED ON CHARACTER OF SURFACE OF TUBE, WHICH, WHEN FULLY DEVEL- OPED, IS SMALL, MORE OR LESS REGULARLY COILED, DISCOID, ASCENDING, OR SPREADING. A. Surface without lines or grooves. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis spirorbis Linnd (iS)1 Spirorbis claparedeiC. & M. (n). communis Bosc. nordenskjoldi Ehlers (surface ?). corrugates Montagu non C. & M. similis sp. nov. chilensis Gay (surface?). abnormis sp. nov. Itevis Quatrefages. inversus sp. nov. validus Verrill (17). tubceformis sp. nov. morchi Levinsen (27). evolutus sp. nov. aggregates C. & M. ( 10). Tube dextral. Spirorbis spirillum Linne* (4). Spirorbis armoricanus Saint-Joseph (5) sinistrorsus Montagu. pusilloides nom. nov. (9). B. Surface variable : with and without lines. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis verruca Fabr. non Levinsen. Spirorbis levinseni C. & M. (15). quadrangularis Stimpson. asperates sp. nov. malardi C. & M. (12). mutabilis sp. nov. lebruniC. & M. (14). Tube dextral. Spirorbis vitreus Fabr. (2). Spirorbis rugatus sp. nov. pseudocorrugatus nom. nov. (7). incongruus sp. nov. semidentates sp. nov. C. Surface with distinct lines and grooves. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis granulates Linne*. Spirorbis perrieri C. & M. ( 16). carinates Montagu. mediterraneus C. & M. (19). sulcatus Adams. kaekleri C. & M. (22). cornuarietis Philippi (20).' bernardi C. & M. (23). militaris Claparede (24). langerhansi C. & M. (26). stimpsoniVemM. argutes Bush. beneti Marion (21). -variabilis sp. nov. patagonicus C. & M. (13). lineatus sp. nov. Tube dextral. Spirorbis cancellated Fabr. (i). Spirorbis bellulus Bush. heterostrophus Montagu. dorsates Bush. violaceus Levinsen (3). eximius sp. nov. (direction?). marioni C. & M. (6). comptes sp. nov. pagenstecheri Quatrefages (8). tridentatus sp. nov. foraminosus Bush. formosus sp. nov. 1 See pp. 236 and 262. * See Addendum. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 26l TABLE II. BASED ON FORM OF SUPERIOR COLLAR SET-iB. A. Setae having a long tapered blade preceded by a fin-like expansion. Spirorbis Daudin 1800. a. Serrations on the blade fine, usually much finer than on the fin. Spirorbis Daudin 1800 6t. 8. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis Spirorbis Linne* (iS).1 Spirorbis patagonicus C. & M. (13). granulatus Linnrf. lebruni C. & M. (14). sulcatus Adams. koehleri C. & M. (22). quadrangularis Stimpson. bernardi C. & M. (23). stimpsoni Verrill. lineatus sp. nov. aggregates C. & M. (10). similis sp. nov. claparedeiC. & M. (n). tubceformis sp. nov. malardiC. & M. (12). b. Serrations on the blade coarse, similar on fin. Pileolaria Claparede 1870. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis cornuarietis (Philippi) (20). Spirorbis beneti Marion (21). militaris Claparede (24). langerhansi C. & M. (26). morchi Levinsen (27). mutabilis Bush. levinseni C. & M. (15). variabilis sp. nov. mediterraneus C. & M. (19). Tube dextral. Spirorbis cancellatus Fabr. (i). Spirorbis semidentatus sp. nov. vitreus Fabr. (2). eximius sp. nov. (direction?). marioni C. & M. (6). incongruus sp. nov. B. Setae having the blade of two forms : with and without a shallow posterior notch. Janua Saint-Joseph -f- Mera Saint-Joseph 1894. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis verruca Fabr. non Levinsen. Spirorbis evolutus sp. nov. Tube dextral. Spirorbis pagenstecheri Quatr. (8). Spirorbis pusilloides nom. nov. (9). C. Setae having the blade distinctly angnlated at base. Circeis Saint-Joseph 1894. Tube dextral. Spirorbis spirillum Linne* (4). Spirorbis armoricanus Saint-Joseph (5). violaceus Levinsen (3). D. Sets having the blade broadly rounded at base. Leodora Saint-Joseph 1894. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis Icevis Quatrefages. Tube dextral. Spirorbis pseudocorrugatus nom. Spirorbis rugatus sp. nov. nov. (7). comptus sp. nov. 1 See p. 258. 262 BUSH E. Setae haying the blade regularly tapered. Romanchella Caullery and Mesnil 1897. Tube sinistral. Spirorbis validus Verrill (17). Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov. perrieriC. & M. (16). abnormis sp. nov. argutus Bush. Tube dextral. Spirorbis foramtnosus Bush. Spirorbis formosus sp. nov. bellulus Bush. SPECIES OF SPIRORBIS ARRANGED IN ORDER OF DATE OF PUBLICATION. An asterisk [*] after the name of a species indicates that specimens are in the Yale University Museum. 1760. SPIRORBIS SPIRORBIS* Linne* + Fabricius 1780+ Montagu 1803, in part, + Cuvier (figures). (See pp. 236 and 258.) borealis Daudin 1800 + Morch 1863 -f Malmgren 1867+ Levinsen 1883 (figures) + Saint-Joseph 1894 (figures) -f- Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (18 ; figures) +? Schively 1897 (embryology; figures). nautiloides Lamarck 1818 -f Willemoes Suhm 1871 (embryology ; figures). spirillum Agassiz 1 866 (embryology ; figures) non Linne". pi. xxxix, fig. 34 ; pi. XL, figs. 5, 6, 8, 12-15 '•> pl- XLII, figs. 15-19. Northern waters, on stones and rock -weed (Fucus) ; ? on other hosts. 1760. S. SPIRILLUM* Linne" -f Fabricius 1780+ ? Montagu 1803 -f ? Morch 1863 + Malmgren 1867 + Levinsen 1883 (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (4) + Moore 1902. (See p. 243.) lucidus Montagu 1803 (figures) + Morch 1863 -f Malmgren 1867 -f Saint-Joseph 1894 ; variety gronlandicus Morch 1863 {porrecta Fabricius 1 780 non Miiller). borealis Fewkes 1885 (embryology ; figures) non Daudin 1800. pl. xxvn, fig. 8; pi. xxxiu, fig. 15; pi. xxxix, figs. 21-23, 28 ; rf. XL, fig. 7 ; pl. XLII, figs. 1-5 ; pl. XLIII, figs. 9, 10. Northern waters, very common, both Atlantic and Pacific ; from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, coast of New England to Greenland, and from Bering Sea to California, from shallow water to 90 fathoms, on shells (Bucctnum, Sipho, etc.), on algae (Laminaria, etc.), on bryozoans (Cellularia, Crisia, Gemellaria, Bugula, etc.), on hydroids (Obelta, Salacia, Eudendrium, Sertularia, Thuiaria, etc.), and on worm tubes (Nothria, etc.) ; England, on bryozoans (Salic ornaria, etc.). 1767. S. GRANULATUS* Linne" + Morch 1863 + Malmgren 1 867 -f Levinsen 1883, in part (tab. in, f. 9 not 10), non Fabricius 1780 + Mon- tagu 1803 + Langerhans 1880 -f- Saint- Joseph 1894+ Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (25 ; figure) + Moore 1902. (See p. 247.) Pl. XL, fig. 24 ; pl. XLIII, fig. 32. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 263 Northern waters, from Bay of Fundy, Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Gull of St. Lawrence, and Greenland, on bryozoans (Celleporaria, Porella, Escharopsis, etc.). 1780. S. VITREUS* Fabricius + Morch 1863 -f Malmgren 1867 + Levinsen 1883 (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897(2; figures) -f Moore 1902. (See p. 247.) pi. XLI, fig. 14 ; pi. XLII, figs. 6, 7. Northern waters, from Grand Banks of Newfoundland, in 59 to 1 20 fathoms, on stones and shells (Sipho, Buccinum, etc.) ; Greenland, on shells {Chlamys islandicus), bryozoans, and worm tubes (Nothria, etc.) ; Devon* shire, England, on shells. 1780. S. CANCELLATUS* Fabricius + Dawson 1860 (figures) + Morch 1863 4- Malmgren 1867 -f Levinsen 1883 (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (i ; figures). (See p. 248.) Pi. xxxix, fig. 36 ; Pi. XL, fig. 27 ; pi. XLII, figs. 30-34. Northern waters, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Grand Bankj of Newfoundland to Greenland, on stones and shells (Chlamys islandicus]; Birterbuy Bay, Ireland, on limpet shells. 1797. S. SULCATUS* Adams + Morch 1863 (in synonymy). (See p. 249.) granulatus Montagu 1803 non Linn£ 1767. Pi. XLI, fig. 9 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 8, 19. England, on shells. 1800. S. TRANSVERSUS Daudin (figures) -f Morch 1863. Indian Ocean, on marine plants and shells. 1802. S. COMMUNIS Bosc (figures) + Morch 1863, non Chenu + Fleming 1825. (See p. 248.) Open ocean, on Fucus, 1803. S. CARINATUS Montagu + Morch 1863, non Lamarck 1818 -f Levinsen 1883. (See p. 249.) England, on stones and shells (Ostrea, Pinna, Trochus, Area, etc.). 1803. S. CORRUGATUS* Montagu + Morch 1 863 + Saint-Joseph 1894 non Langerhans 1880 (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (7 ; fig- ures). (Seep. 248.) England and Ireland, very common on stones and shells, with Lepralia. 1803. S. HETEROSTROPHUS * Montagu (figure) + Morch 1863. (See p. 248.) England and Ireland, on stones and shells, with Lepralia. 1803. S. SINISTRORSUS * Montagu + Morch 1863 (in synonymy) + Chenu (fig- ure). (See p. 251.) England, on lobsters. 1803. S. MINUTUS Montagu + Morch 1863. (See p. 248.) England, on calcareous alga (Corallina ojficinalis). 264 BUSH 1808. S. PLICATUS Montfort + Morch I863-1 Serpula rugosa Chenu (figures) non Turton. Mediterranean, very common on algae, crustaceans, etc. 1818. S. TRICOSTALIS Lamarck -f- Morch 1863 + Chenu (figure). King George Sound (Port Rio Georges), western Australia. 1818. S. LAMELLOSUS Lamarck + Morch 1863 + Chenu (figure). King's Island, Australia. 1822. S. VERRUCA* Fabricius + Morch 1863 non Levinsen 1883 (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (17) + Moore 1902. (See p. 247.) pi. XLI, figs. 3, 12 ; pi. XLIV, figs. I, 1 6. Greenland, on shells (Chlamys islandicus), and Grand Banks of Newfound- land, on stones. 1825. S. MONTAGUI Fleming-}- Morch 1863. Spirorbis sp. Montagu 1803. Guernsey, England, on shell (Haliotis tuberculatcf), very common. 1830. S. ANTARCTICUS Lesson (figure) + Morch 1863 + Chenu (figure). Isle of Malouines, very common. 1830 and 1841. S. PONTICUS Eichwald (figure) + Morch 1863. Black Sea, on Fucus and other algae. 1836. S. PUSILLUS Rathke + Morch 1863 non Saint- Joseph 1894 + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (9). Black Sea, near Balaklava, on stones and shells (Mytilus). 1843. S. ZELANDICUS Gray -f Morch 1863. Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, on shell (Patella hookeri). 1844. S. CORNUARIETIS * Philippi (figure) + Morch 1863 + Marion and Bobretzki 1875 (figures) -f Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (20). Mediterranean, English Channel (coast of France), on stones and coralline (Lithothamnion polymorphuni). 1849. S. CHILENSIS Gay + Morch 1863 (figure, Sowerby 111. Fissure Ha) + Ehlers 1901. Chili. 1853. S. QUADRANGULARIS * Stimpson + Morch 1863. (See p. 241.) fabricii Malmgren 1867. carinatus Levinsen 1883 (figures) non Montagu 1803. affinis Levinsen 1883 (figure) + 1886. granulatus Caullery and Mesnil 1897, in part, -f- Moore 1902. pl. xxxix, fig. 37; pi. XL, figs. 10, n, 21, 23, 26, 30; pi. XLII, figs. 23-29; pl. XLIII, figs. 14, 15. Northern waters, Atlantic and Pacific, on stones, shells (Chlamys islandi- cus, Buccinum, etc.), bryozoans, and worm tubes (Nothria, Thelepus, 1 This and other species said to be in the Museum of Paris and figured by Chenu, ' Illustrationes de Conchyliologie,' do not appear to have been men- tioned by Caullery and Mesnil 1897. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 265 Crucigera, etc.), from low water to 120 fathoms. Coast of New England, from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Bay of Fundy, Gulf of St. Lawrence ; Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Greenland, and Alaska. 1860. S. SIMPLEX Grube+ Mbrch 1863. Mediterranean. 1863. S. POROSUS Morch -f Chenu (figure). Habitat ? 1863. S. INCISUS Morch. carinatus Lamarck 1818 -|- Chenu (figure) non Montagu 1803. King's Island, Australia. 1863. S. ALBUS Morch + Chenu (figure). Sea of India. 1865. S. PAGENSTECHERI Quatrefages + ? Langerhans 1880 (figures) + ? Saint-Joseph 1894-4- ? Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (8 ; figures). spirillum Pagenstecher 1862 non Linne" 1760. Cette, Gulf of Lyons, Madeira, Mediterranean ; England ? 1865. S. L^VIS Quatrefages (figures) + Claparede 1868 (figures) -f Saint- Joseph 1894. Guettary, near Saint -Jean-du-Luz, Bay of Biscay. 1868. S. MILITARIS Claparede (figures) -f- Saint- Joseph 1894 + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (24 ; figures). granulatus Langerhans 1880 (figures) (teste Caullery and Mesnil 1897)-)- ? Saint- Joseph 1894 non Linne 1767. France (English Channel), Madeira, Naples, on stones and coralline (Litho- thamniori). 1874. S. VALIDUS * Verrill. (Seep. 249.) •verruca Levinsen 1883 (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (17) -f- Moore 1902. pi. xxxvii, figs. 5-8, 10 ; pi. XLIV, figs. 11-14. Northern waters, on stones, shells (Chlamys islandicus, Sipho, Buccinum, etc.), and worm tubes (Nothria), from 25 to 67 fms. ; La Have Bank, Hali- fax Harbor, Nova Scotia ; Grand Banks of Newfoundland, and Greenland. 1879. S. STIMPSONI * Verrill. (See p. 250.) nautiloides Stimpson 1853 -f Verrill 1874 (figure) non Lamarck 1818. pi. xxxix, fig. 38 ; pi. XL, fig. 29 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 20-22. New Eiifelar.^ coast, from Eastport, Maine, Bay of Fundy, to Massachu- setts Bay, on stones and shells, from 10 to 160 fathoms. 1879. S. BENETI Marion (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (21). Marseilles, Gulf of Lyons, on crinoid (Antedon phalangiutri). 1883. S. MORCHI * Levinsen (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (27). (S«e p. 240.) Pl. XXXVII, figs. 15, 24; Pl. XLI, figs. 15, l6, 21, 24, 25; Pi. XLIV, figs. 2O, 21. Atlantic and Pacific ; Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Greenland, on shells (Chlamys islandicus)\ Alaska, on worm tubes (Crucigera) and shells; 266 BUSH and Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, on shells (Pachypoma gibberosuni). 1883. S. VIOLACEUS* Levinsen (figures) + Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (3; figures). (Seep. 242.) granulatus Fabricius 1780 non Linne" 1767. pi. XLI, figs. I, 2 ; pi. XLII, figs. 8-12. Atlantic and Pacific ; Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Greenland, on stones and shells ( Chlamys islandicus) ; Alaska, on worm tubes ( Crucigerd) and shells; and Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, on shells (Pachypoma gibberosuni). 1894. S. ARMORICANUS Saint-Joseph (figures) -f- Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (5 ; figures). / sinistrorsus Montagu 1803, in part. France, on lobsters. 1897. S. MARIONI* Caullery and Mesnil (6 ; figures). (See p. 239.) pi. xxxix, figs. 26, 27 ; pi. XL, fig. 1 6. La Paz, Lower California, to Mexico, on sea-urchins (Cidaris thouarsi), shells (Crucibulum, JBarbatia, Callopoma, etc.), and other hosts. 1897. S. AGGREGATUS Caullery and Mesnil (10 ; figures) + Ehlers 1901. Patagonia, in masses. 1897. S. CLAPAREDEI Caullery and Mesnil (n ; figures) + Ehlers 1901. Patagonia, on algae and shells (Modiolarcd). 1897. S. MALARDI Caullery and Mesnil (12 ; figures). St. Vaast-la-Hougue, France, on shells. 1897. S. PATAGONICUS Caullery and Mesnil (13 ; figures) + Ehlers 1901. Patagonia, on nullipore. 1897. S. LEBRUNI Caullery and Mesnil (14 ; figures) -}- Ehlers 1900 -f 1901. Patagonia, on sea-urchins (Goniocidaris canaliculate?) • Puerto Toro, from 20 to 25 fathoms. 1897. S. LEVINSENI Caullery and Mesnil (15 ; figures) -f- Ehlers 1901. Patagonia, Straits of Magellan. 1897. S. PERRIERI Caullery and Mesnil (16 ; figures) + Ehlers 1900 -f- 1901. Patagonia, very abundant on sea-urchins (Echinus margariticeus, Gonioci- daris caniculata, etc.), on algae (Laminaria, etc.), on shells (Modiolarca fuegensis, Pectenflustris, etc.) ; Punta Arenas, Puerto Churucca, from 20 fathoms, and Beagle Channel. 1897. S. MEDITERRANEUS Caullery and Mesnil (19 ; figures). Mediterranean, on Serpula tubes. 1897. S. KCEHLERI Caullery and Mesnil (22 ; figures). Mediterranean, on bryozoans. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 267 1897. S. BERNARDI Caullery and Mesnil (23 ; figures). Probable origin Indian Ocean, on sea-urchin (Cidaris metularid). 1897. S. LANGERHANSI * Caullery and Mesnil (26 ; figures). (See p. 240.) Panama to Central America, on sea-urchins (Cidaris thouarsi) and shells (Callopoma, Crucibulum, Barbatia, etc.). I9CO. S. NORDENSKJOLDI Ehlers -f IOX)I. Punta Delgada, Patagonia. 1904. S. FORAMINOSUS* Bush (figures). (See p. 250.; Japan, on red algae, in 34 fathoms. 1904. S. BELLULUS * Bush (figures). (Seep. 250.) Japan, on pebbles and fragments of shells, in 63 to 75 fathoms. 1904. S. DORSATUS * Bush. (See p. 250.) Japan, on fragments of shells, in 63 to 75 fathoms. 1904. S. ARGUTUS* Bush (figures). (Seep. 251.) Japan, on red algae, in 34 fathoms. 1904. S. PSEUDOCORRUGATUS nom. nov. (See p. 250.) corrugatus Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (7 ; figures) -f ? Langerhans 1880 non Montagu 1803. Madeira and Gulf of Naples. 1904. S. PUSILLOIDES nom. nov. (See p. 250.) pusillus Saint-Joseph 1894 (figures) -f Caullery and Mesnil 1897 (9 ; figures) non Rathke 1836. St.-Vaast-la-Hougue, France. 1904. S. SEMIDENTATUS * Sp. HOV. (See p. 237.) pi. xxvii, figs. 7, 10 ; pi. XLI, figs. 13, 17, 23, 26-30; pi. XLIII, figs. 4, 5, 12. Alaska (Sitka, Prince William Sound, and Unalaska Island), on rocks, stones, and worm tubes (Serpula and Crucigera). 1904. S. VARIABILIS* sp. nov. (See p. 238.) pi. xxix, fig. 3, a ; pi. xxxix, figs. 24, 25 ; pi. XL, fig. 4 ; pi. XLIII, fig. 1 6 ; pi. XLIV, fig. 17. Alaska (Sitka), on rocks and shells. 1904. S. ExiMius*sp. nov. (Seep. 239.) pi. xxxix, fig. 9 ; pi. XLI, figs. 7, 18, 20 ; pi.. XLIII, figs. 6, n, 17. California (Pacific Grove), on worm tube (Serpula). 1904. S. INCONGRUUS* Sp. nOV. (See p. 241.) Pi. XL, figS. 19, 20, 28. Alaska (Prince William Sound), on worm tubes (Serpula and Crucigera). 1904. S. LINEATUS*Sp. nOV. (See p. 242.) pi. xxxix, fig. 29. Alaska (Sitka and Prince William Sound), on shells and worm tubes. 268 BUSH 1904. S. SIMILIS * sp. nov. (See p. 242.) pi. xxix, fig. 3, c; pi. xxxix, figs. 16, 31 ; pi. XL, figs. 9, 17, 18 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 27, 31. Alaska (Prince William Sound), on worm tubes (Crucigercf). 1904. S. RUGATUS*sp. nov. (Seep. 243.) pi. xxix, fig. 3, b ; Pi. xxxv, fig. 14 ; pi. XLIV, figs. 18, 19. Alaska (Sitka), on rocks. 1904. S. COMPTUS* sp. nov. (See p. 244.) California, on algae. 1904. S. ASPERATUS* sp. nov. (See p. 245.) rl. xxvni, fig. 10 ; pi. xxx, fig. 4 ; pi. XLI, figs. 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, n, 19, 31, 32 ; pi. XLIII, figs, i, 2, 3, 7, 13, 26. California (Pacific Grove), Alaska (Sitka and Prince William Sound), on shells and worm tubes ( Crucigercf). 1904. S. ABNORMIS * Sp. nOV. (See p. 245.) Pi. xxxix, fig. 35 ; pi. XL, figs. I, 2 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 24, 28, 29. Alaska (Sitka), on rocks. 1904. S. INVERSUS* sp. nov. (Seep. 246.) Australia (Port Phillip, Victoria), on bryozoa (Menipea cirrata?}. 1904. S. TRIDENTATUS * sp. nov. (See p. 246.) Australia (Port Phillip, Victoria), on bryozoa (Menipea ctrrata .?). 1904. S. TUB^EFORMIS* sp. nov. (See p. 251.) pi. xxxix, figs. 30, 32 ; pi. XLII, figs. 13, 14. Long Island Sound, on Irish moss (Chondrus). 1904. S. EVOLUTUS* sp. nov. (Seep. 251.) Pl. XLII, figs. 20-22. Grand Banks of Newfoundland, on shells (Siphd). 1904. S. FORMOSUS* sp. nov. (See p. 252.) pi. xxxix, figs. 18, 19; pi. XLI, fig. 22 ; pi. XLIII, figs. 18, 23, 25, 30. Gulf Stream and Bermuda, on gulf-weed (Sargassutri), etc. 1904. S. MUTABILIS * sp. nov. (See p. 252.) Bermuda, on shells. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 269 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Abildgaard, P. E. 1789 Beschreibung zween Arten des Steinbohrers. Schrift. Gesellsch. natur- forsch. Freunde, Berlin, ix, Germany. Adams, J. 1797 Descriptions of Actinia crassicornis and some British Shells. Trans. Linn. Soc., ill, p. 252, London, England. Agassiz, A. 1866-7 On the Young Stages of a few Annelids. Ann, Lyceum Nat. 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Wiss., XLI, pp. 109- 154 ; Wien Anzeiger, xvi, pp. 152-153. 1884 Sudjapanische Anneliden. 11. Denks. Kais. Akad. Wiss., XLIX, pp. 197- 224, tafs. i-iv. 1886 Poriferen, Anthozoen, Ctenophoren und Wiirmer von Jan Mayen, etc. (16 pp., i plate.) 1889 Spitzbergische Anneliden. Archiv Naturg., i, pp. 127-132, Berlin. 1890 Annulaten des Beringsmeeres. Ann. k. kais. Hofsmuseums, v, pp. i- 8, taf. i, Vienna, Austria. 1892 Die Polychaeten der Bremer Expedition nach Ostspitzbergen in Jahre 1889. Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Syst. Geog. und Biol. Thiere, vi, p. 397, pi. xix, Jena, Germany. 1893 Polychaeten des Grundes, gesammelt 1890, 1891 und 1892. Zoologische Ergebnisse II. Denks. Kais. Akad. Wiss., LX, pp. 25-48, pis. i-iv, Vienna. Marion, A. F. 1872 Sur les organes reproductives de VOria Armandi Clap. Comptes Ren- dus, LXXIV, p. 1254, Paris. 1874 Sur les Anne"lides du golfe de Marseille. Comptes Rendus, LXXIX, p. 398, Paris ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xiv, p. 313, London ; Revue zool. 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Physik- alische und faunistische Untersuchungen in der Nordsee wahrend des Sommers, 1871. Deutschen Meere Jahresber., i, pp. 165-176, Berlin. Meyer, B. 1887-1901 Studien der Korperbau der Anneliden. Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, vn, p. 592, pis. xxii-xxvii ; vin, p. 462 ; xiv, p. 247, pis. xii-xvii ; see also, Journ. Roy. Micro. Soc., 1888, p. 222, and 1889, p. 385, London. Michaelsen, W. 1892 Polychaeten von Ceylon. (Separate.) Jahresber. Hamburg wiss. An- stalten, ix, 2, pp. 1-28, with plate. 1897 Polychsetenfauna der deutschen Meere. Hamburg. (216 pp., i plate.) 1898 Grdnlandische Anneliden. Bibliotheca Zoologica, xx, 4 ; Zool. Ergeb. GrSnl. Expd. nach Dr. Vanhoffen's Sammalungen, ix, pp. 120-130, 3 figures, Berlin. Mobius, E. 1874 Mollusken, Wiirmer, Echinodermen und Ccelenteraten. (Separate.) Zweite deutsche Nordpolarfart, II, p. 246, pi. i. Translated, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xin, p. 196, Annelides, pi. xi, London. 1875 Expedition zur Untersuchung der Nordsee 1872-3. 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Fish Comm. for 1881, p. 699, pis. i-viii, Washington. 1887 The Annelida Chaetopoda from Eastport, Maine. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1885, p. 707, pis. i-viii, Washington. Whiteaves, J. F. 1784 Report on Deep-Sea Dredging Operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1873, pp. 1-29. Montreal, Canada. 1880 Marine Invertebrata from Queen Charlotte Islands. (Separate.) Rep. Geol. Survey of Canada, 1878-9, pp. 1-16, Ottawa, Canada. 1901 Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern Canada, pp. 68-88. Ottawa. Willemoes-Suhm, R. von. 1871 Biologische Beobachtungen iiber niedere Meeresthiere. Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xxi, p. 387, pis. 31-33, Leipzig. Development of Spirorbis nautiloides Lam. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), vni, p. 139, London. 1873 Ueber die Anneliden an den Kuster der Faeroen. Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xxin, p. 346, pi. xviii, Leipzig. Williams, T. 1851 Report on the British Annelids. Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 2ist meeting, p. 159, London. Wiren, A. 1883 Chaetopoder flan Sibiriska Ishavet och Behringshaf imsamlade under Vega-Expd., 1878-9. Vega Exped. Vetensk. lakttagelser, n, pp. 381-428, pis. xxvii-xxxii, Stockholm, Sweden. Wollemann, A. 1899 Die Serpula-Arten des Neocoms der Umgegend von Braunschweig. Jahresber. Vereins Naturw. zu Braunschweig, xi, p. 264, Brunswick, Germany. SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 287 ADDENDA. The following notes, which with a few exceptions relate to forms previously mentioned, were made after the foregoing pages were set up, therefore too late to have them inserted in their proper places. Genus Metalaonome nov. (See pp. 178 and 192.) Branchial lobes elongated ventrally and spirally coiled only in retrac- tion. Interbranchial membrane inconspicuous or wanting. Collar four-lobed, with ends widely separated on the back. Superior setae and inferior collar setae regularly tapered blades ; inferior setae back of collar, short oblanceolate. Avicular uncini only in all the tori of the body. Lo Bianco ( 1 893) described the species Bispira martce as having the elongated branchial lobes forming spirals of two or three turns, but in the figure he has represented them as simple, similar to those of Sabella, so that probably, like species of that genus, this one has them spiral only in retraction. The branchiae, numbering between 80 and 90, are very long (about one half as long as body) and slender, with seven series of dark color spots forming bands. The body is short and stout, of about 80 segments, of which 8 belong to the thorax. The collar is four-lobed, open on back with widely separated ends. Setae on the collar and superior setae on the other thoracic segments very narrow, regularly tapered blades ; inferior setae back of collar, short and broad oblanceolate. Avicular uncini only in all the tori of the body. Genera Schizocraspedon and Glossopsis nov. (See pp. 179 and 225.) Grube (1878) placed his two new species H.furcifera and H. minax in the genus Hydroides, with which they have strong affinities, but the very remarkable development of the opercula, described on p. 225, would at once distinguish them from typical species of that genus ; hence they have been respectively referred to the two new genera Schizocraspedon and Glossopsis. Genus Protoplacostegus nov. (See pp. 179 and 226.) Mclntosh (1885) described and figured his species Placostegus morchii as having a primary, somewhat cup-shaped operculum with horny plate on the end of one branchia and an undeveloped secondary one on the end of another branchia. The setae short and broad at base with tapered blades (no collar setae were found) . Uncini with few (6 288 BUSH or 7) serrations, the lowest large and fang-like. As all of these char- acters differ greatly from those of Placostegus tridentatus, the type of the genus Placostegus (p. 221), the new genus Protoplacostegus is therefore proposed for Mclntosh's species. Genus Spirorbis Daudin. (See p. 247.) On several specimens of Margaritifera, recently received from Beirut, Syria, are numerous tubes of three species of Spirorbis. One sinistral form is moderately large, regularly coiled, the surface more or less roughened by irregular concentric growth lines but with no distinct sculpture. The animals examined have a calcareous plate in the operculum, shallow, oblique, cup-shaped with broad, short base, with a conspicuous spine at the back, not differing from that figured by Marion and Bobretzky (1875) for Spirorbis cornuarietis of Phil- ippi. The collar setae have coarsely serrate tapered blades with coarse fin-like bases. On comparing this with the figure given by Philippi (1844) there was found a decided difference in the size and position of the basal spine, that of Philippi's species being figured as on the front just below the deepest part of the cup, while in the present form and in that figured by Marion and Bobretzky the spine is at the back and rudder-like in form. Philippi also described his species as having the tube concentrically striated, so that there may be some confusion in the identification of the species, and that described and figured by Marion and Bobretzky may be distinct. If, however, upon further study it proves to be the same as Philippi's, this species is erroneously placed in the table on p. 260 and should be transferred to the first group with species whose tubes are unsculptured, the growth lines not being treated as such. Another animal has the calcareous plate of the operculum composed of two distinct pieces. The end one is a similar, oblique, shallow cup with spreading base, which has an elongated, narrow, median portion thickened along its back, forming three conspicuous serrations ; pos- terior to and in front of the base of this end piece is a large concavo- convex, shield-shaped one which is entirely detached from it and is very unlike the comparatively thin, firm, elongated, shield-shaped pro- tection wall found in the opercula which form brood-pouches. The collar setae are coarsely serrate with basal fin. The tube is sinistral, of good size, with the surface roughened by faint spiral threads and irregular growth lines. Smaller dextral tubes have the surface orna- mented with definite spiral threads crossed by distinct concentric lines. The animal has but a simple calcareous disk in the operculum and the SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 289 collar setae have angular tapered blades. As the article on Spirorbis, by Caullery and Mesnil, could not be consulted, these two species could not be identified. The first may be S. beneti Marion 1875. In the posterior segments of one animal of Spirorbis mutabilis were clusters of spermatogonia and isolated spermatozoa, also good-sized eggs with large nucleii, this being the only instance noted among the many animals studied. (See pp. 252 and 255.) Genus Rhodopsis nov. (See pp. 179 and 223.) Tube small, calcareous, hair-like, more or less sigmoid, usually attached its entire length to the under surface of the common hat-coral {Agaricia fragilis} from Bermuda. Animal minute, deep yellow, with the operculum protected by a disproportionately large, chitinous disk covered with numerous un- equal irregular light horn-colored processes or spines arranged in the form of a rosette — hence the name. Branchiae not determined, appearing as a mass back of the opercu- lum, in the six specimens examined. Eyes two, conspicuous red, showing beneath the collar. Thorax short, the segments defined on each side by the 6, in one instance 5, small fascicles of setae at the end of the 6 series of uncini, there being no separate fascicle on the collar. Body cavity elongated, showing dark brown intestinal tract. Posterior portion usually muti- lated ; when perfect, ornamented along the dorsal ( ?) area by long irregular ribbon-like appendages somewhat resembling the spines on the operculum ; the elongated segments (about 5) defined on the oppo- site (ventral ?) area by transverse lines, a series of uncini on the mid- dle of each ; but no setae were seen. Thoracic setae bent at the base of the broad abruptly tapered blade. Uncial plates (seen in profile) similar to those of Filograna, with about ten rather blunt appressed teeth, the lowest larger than the others ; seen in front the broad tapered face has several alternating rows of minute pointed teeth. On the abdomen the uncini were seen only in a front view ; the face is broad, of uniform width, and no ser- rations could be made out even with the T^ oil immersion objective. Rhodopsis pusillus sp. nov. (See pp. 179 and 223.) Type locality. — Bermuda. Numerous small round tubes of uniform diameter, with both ends open, resembling fine wavy white hairs are found scattered over the under surface of the common hat-coral {Agaricia fragilis) . BUSH They are more or less sigmoid, either isolated or in masses, usually attached their entire length but when too crowded lifting themselves outward, forming a free end. Their surface is roughened by unequal concentric growth lines and they are opaque except for a very small semitransparent portion which in dried specimens is usually about the middle, revealing the position of the minute yellow animal. Length varying from 5-8 mm. ; diameter about £ mm. These tubes were supposed to belong to some species of Filograna', the animals, however, after treatment with potash solution, were found to differ from those of that genus in possessing an operculum. This is remarkable for the form, size, and arrangement of the spine- like processes covering the thin chitinous disk which protects its end. They are long, blunt, light horn-color, differ greatly in size and form, and appear to be arranged in three alternating series forming a rosette ; those of the outer and middle series being very irregular in outline, differing greatly in number and position of the irregularities ; those of the inner series more numerous (about 24) , smaller, simple, tapered and obliquely truncated. No seta? were found on the collar, which is apparently without inci- sions or clefts, shallow across the back, deep along the sides and in front with angular dorso-lateral corners. Thoracic segments defined only by the 5 or 6 series of uncini and small fascicles of seta?. Abdomen with uncini only, apparently arranged in a single series, along the median area. The surface on the opposite portion of the body covered with long unequal ribbon- like processes resembling in form the spine-like ones on the opercular plate. Length of the largest perfect animal % mm. Genus Josephella Caullery and Mesnil ( ? ). (See p. 226.) Tubes similar to those given above as belonging to Rhodopsis pusillus from Bermuda were found on Margaritifera from Beirut, Syria, but the animal is very dissimilar, being elongated with a simple operculum on which the chitinous plate has a deep erect transparent rim strengthened on its upper surface by long, tapered spine-like pro- cesses often with secondary spinules. There are 5 thoracic fascicles of tapered setae and 4 series of uncini ; on the following segments the tori with a few uncini and one very slender tapered seta are well sepa- rated along the middle region of the body, but more crowded posteri- orly ; the caudal portion was not found. The seta? below the collar fascicle are bent at the base of the blade and the uncini have a com- SABELLIDES AND SERPULIDES 291 paratively few unequal serrations the lowest one long and fang-like when seen in profile, but in a front view the broad surface has three or four alternating series of slender teeth. With the exception of the operculum these characters seem to agree with those of Josephella marenzelleri Caullery and Mesnil (p. 226) ; the operculum is described by these authors as being borne on the end of a branchia and as having some calcareous deposit ; the Mediterranean species may be immature and a fully developed operculum might have some lime deposit. The tube recalls that of Filograna, one species of which {F. corallifica Pallas 1766) is given by Morch, 1863, as from the Mediterranean; since no further mention has been found of any similar form, the spe- cies, notwithstanding the fact that the operculum appears also to differ in having a definite peduncle, is referred to Josephella, as^. humilis, but with considerable doubt. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES Synonyms are in italics; names new to science and pages on which descrip- tions occur are in black face type. Amphiglena 188 armandi 188 mediterranea 188 Amphitrite 204, 257 volutacornis 183, 184 Anisomelus luteus 227 Apomatopsis 226 similis 226 Apomatus 226, 257, 258 ampulliferus 226, 257 elisabethae 177 enosimae 173, 226 globifera 226 similis 226 Aspeira 171, 178, 192, 202 modesta 178, 179, 192, 202, 308, 330 6p.?i73 Bispira 183, 184, 185, 192 marice 178, 192, 287 polymorpha 172, 214 volutacornis 183 Branchiomma 191 vesiculosum 191 Chitinopoma 224 fabricii 224, 229 greenlandica 224, 229, 332, 339 Chone 171, 185, 189, 190 duneri 216 infundibuliformis 189, 216 teres 180, 215, 318, 332 Circeis 257, 258, 261 armoricana 257, 258, 261 corrugatus 257 lucidus 257 Crucigera 171, 224, 225, 232, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 254 formosa 180, 233, 314 , 320, 324, 336 Crucigera irregularis 180, 234, 308, 316, 324, 336 websteri 225, 232 zygophora 172, 233, 238, 316, 320, 324, 336 Cymospira 222 brachycera 178 gigantea 222 morchi 178 Dasychone 192, 198 argus 198 boholensis 114 cingulata 174, 176 compressa 199 curta 176, 199 decora 192, 198 havaica 173, 199 infarcta 192, 198 japonica 173 macula fa 175 orientalis 174 picta 173 serratibranchis 174 Dasychonopsis 178, 191, 198, 199 argus 198 compressa 199 curta 176, 199 maculata 175 pallidus 178, 181, 191, 196, 199 Dasynema 221 chrysogyrus 175, 221 Demonax 184, 186, 191 cooki 173, 186 incertus 176 krusensterni 173, 186, 191 leucaspis 175 picta 173 tilosaulus 175 (292) INDEX 293 Dexiospira 256 Dialychone 190, 216 acustica 190, 216 Distylia 183, 184, 185, 192, 209, 210 volutacornis 183, 184, 185, 192 Ditrypa 223 arietina 223 gracillima 175 libera 223 strangulata 178 subulata 223 Eucarphus 225 crucigera 172, 236 cumingii 175, 177, 225 navalis 177 lunulifera 225 ternatensis 175 Euchone 185, 190, 203, 216 alicaudata 173 analis 172, 190, 216 Eudistylia 171, 178, 185, 186, 193, 197, 202, 205, 209 abbreviata 180, 212, 306, 324, 326 gigantea 178, 179, 193, 209, 210, 212, 300, 302, 304, 308, 322, 326 intermedia 180, 214, 325, 326, 328 plumosa 179, 212, 300, 302, 322 polymorpha 172, 214, 316 tenella 170, 180, 213, 302, 304, 324, 326, 328 Eupomatus 225, 227 boltoni 177 dianthus 235 elegans 177 exaltatus 173 fusicola 173 gracilis 180, 234, 312, 326, 332 humilis 180, 235, 337 lunulifera 225 protulicola 235 spongicola 235 uncinatus 225, 235 Eurato 186, 189, 194 manicata 174 melanostigma 194 notata 174 porifera 174 pyrrhogaster 174, 189 Fabricia 184, 189 alata 176 fabricii 189 Filograna 226, 257, 290 cor alii flea 291 divaricata 177 implexa 226 Filogranula 222, 257 gracilis 222 Galeolaria 222 boltoni 177 caespitosa 177, 222 decumbens 177 elongata 177 hystrix 175, 177 rosea 177 tetracera 175, 177 Glossopsis 179, 225, 287 minax 175, 179, 225, 287 Haplobranchus 188 aestuarius 188 Hyalopomatopsis 171, 224, 227, 231, 318 marenzelleri 224 occidentalis 180, 229, 338 Hyalopomatus 223 claparedii 223 marenzelleri 224 Hydroides 225, 235, 287 crucigera 172, 236 diplochone 174 elegans 177 furcffera 175, 179, 225, 287 greenlandica 224 minax 175, 179, 225, 287 multispinosa 173, 175 ternatensis 175 norvegica 225, 235 grb'nlandica 22 protulicola 235 spongicola 235 Hypsicomus 185, 191 hceckelii 185 lyra 173 phaeotaenia 173 stichophthalmos 191 Janita 223 fimbriata 223 294 INDEX Janua 257, 258, 261 pagenstecheri 257. 258 Jasmineira 183, 189, 190, 193 caudata 183, 190 oculata 193 rubropunctata 183 Josephella 226, 290 humilis 291 marenzelleri 226, 291 Laeospira 256 Laonome 190, 191, 197 antarctica 176, 197 JicKckelii 185 japonica 173, 178, 191, 197, 198 kroyeri 190, 197 spectabilis 174 tridentata 173 Leodora 256, 257, 258, 261 leevis 257, 258 Leptochone 188 Manayunkia 188, 189 speciosa 188 Megachone 189 aurantiaca 172, 189, 216 Mera 258, 261 fusilla 250, 255, 258 Metachone 179, 190, 216 mollis 179, 180, 190, 216, 328 picta 216 Metalaonome 178, 192, 287 mariae 178, 192, 287 Metavermilia 179, 220, 223 multicristata 179, 220, 223 nigropileata 176 Myxicola 171, 188 affinis 180, 218, 334 conjuncta 180, 217, 310, 334 glacialis 180, 218, 302, 308, 310, 334 infundibulum 188 ommatophora 175 pacifica 172, 218 platychaeta 173 steenstrupi 217, 218, 334 Notaulax 191 rectangulatus 191 sp. 191 Omphalopoma 224 cristata 224 224 langerhansii 1 74, 224 spinosa 224 umbilicata 175, 224 Omphalopomopsis 224 langerhansii 174, 224 Oria 184, 189 armandi 189 limbata 176 Oriopsis 189 metchnikowi 189 Parachonia 184, 190 letter stedti 190 Paradexiospira 256 Paralaeospira 256 Paralaonome 178, 191, 197 antarctica 176 japonica 173, 178, 191, 197, 198 Parasabella 171, 178, 186, 191, 199, 202 maculata 179,201,314,324,325,326, 33o media 178, 179, 191, 199, 200, 312, 325. 326, 328, 333 microphthalma 200 sp. 180, 201 Paravermilia 179, 221, 223 bermudensis 179, 221, 223 Phragmatopoma 225 caudata 225 Pileolaria 257, 258, 261 granulata 257 militaris 257, 258 Piratesa 227 nigroannulata 227 Placostegopsis 221 langerhansi 221 Placostegus 221, 226, 287 benthalianus 177 caeruleus 177 cariniferus 177 crystallina 221 fimbriatus 223 langerhansi 221 morchii 177, 179, 226, 287 ornatus 175, 176 porosus 175 INDEX 295 Placostegus sp. 176 taeniatus 178 tricuspidatus 221 tridentatus 221, 288 umbilicatus 175 Polyphragma 225 Pomatoceros 222 auritubis 174 bucephalus 175 elephus 178 helicoides 174 strigiceps 177 tet racer os 175, 177 tricuspis 222 triquetra 222 Pomatostegus 222 actinocerus 175 bower banki 178 kroyeri 172, 236 latiscapus 174 macrosoma 222 stellata 222 strigiceps 177 Potamilla 185, 191, 192, 193, 202, 203, 204 acuminata 173 malmgreni 203 tnyriops 173 neglecta 192, 203 oculifera 204 oligophthalmos 175 polyophthalmos 175 reniformis 172, 178, 185, 193, 203, 204 suavis 173 tenuitorquus 174 torelli 173, 203 tortuosa 204 Potamis 193 malmgreni 203 spathiferus 193, 203 Protis 227, 229 arctica 229 coccus 227 simplex 227, 229 Protoplacostegus 179, 226, 287 morchii 177, 179, 226, 287 Protula 226, 227 alba 228 Protula arctica 229 atypha 180, 228, 332 diomedeae 228 dystera 226 geniculata 173 intestinum 227, 228 media 228 rudolphi 227 tubularia 228 Protulides 184, 185, 190 elegans 184, 185, 190 Protulopsis 227, 228 intestinum 227, 228 nigra-nucha 175, 227 Pseudopotamilla 178, 192, 193, 202, 203, 205 debilis 180, 204, 330 myriops 173 oculifera 193, 208, 324, 325, 326, 332, 333 oligophthalmos 175 polyophthalmos 175 reniformis 172, 178, 185, 193, 203, 204, 208 suavis 173 Psjgmobranchus 227 ccecus 227 multicostatus 227 protensus 227 Rhodopsis 179, 223, 289 pusillus 179, 223, 289 Romanchella 256, 258, 262 perrieri 258 Sabella 171, 183, 185, 187, 192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 203, 204, 2O9 acrophthalmos 174 a r mat a 177 aulaconota 173 ceratodaula 177 crassicornis 194, 195 elegans 179, 194, 196, 310, 312, 324, 326, 333 formosa 179, 195, 196, 312, 325, 326, 328, 330 fullo 173 fusca 177 grandis 177 296 INDEX Sabella havaica 173, 199 humilis 179, 195, 312, 330 indica 186 japonica 173 leptalea 179, 195, 190, 312, 324, 325, 326 magelhaensis 176 magnified 186 manicata 174 melanostigma 194 microphthalma 200 neglecta 203 notata 174 pavonina 192, 193, 194 phczotcenia 173 picta 216 porifera 174 punctulata 177 pyrrhogaster 174 reniformis 172, 203 rubropunctata 183 samoensis 176 saxicava 204 sp. 176 spectabilis 174 sulcata 177 tilosaulus 175 tricolor 173 vancouveri 172, 197 velata 177 volutacornis 184 zebuensis 174 Sabellastarte 186, 192, 197 indica 186, 192, 197 japonica 197, 198 magnifica 1 86 spectabilis 174 Salmacina 226, 257 aedificatrix 226 australis 177 ccecus 227 dystera 226 incrustans 226, 257 multicostatus 227 Schizobranchia 171, 178, 186, 193, 197, 205, 212 affinis 179, 205, 209, 324, 328 concinna 179, 205, 208, 304, 314, 326, 328 Schizobranchia dubia 179, 205, 208, 314, 316, 324, 330, 332 insignis 170, 178, 179, 193, 205, 206, 306, 312, 314, 328 nobilis 179, 205, 207, 208, 209, 306, 314, 324, 328 Schizocraspedon 179, 225, 287 furcifera 175, 179, 225, 287 Sclerostyla 224, 225, 232 ctenactis 224 zelandica 177, 232 Serpula 171, 219, 221, 224, 225, 226, 227, 232, 234, 235, 239, 240, 241, 254 actinocerus 175 chrysogyrus 175, 221 columbiana 172, 232 ctenactis 224 dianthus 235 filigrana 177 fimbriata 223 gigantea 222 granulosa 174 implexa 226 jukesii 174, 177, 231 narconensis 176 magellanica 176 ornatus 175 philippensis 175 porrecta 243, 262 quadricornis 175 rugosa 264 splendens 180, 229, 230, 238, 310, 316, 318, 325, 328, 333, 336 sp. 229 tricornigera 175 tridentatus 221 triquetra 221, 222, 229 vasifera 177 vermicularis 176, 224 zelandica 177, 232 zygophora 172, 233 Spirobranchus 222, 223 brachycera 178 giganteus 222 incrassatus 173, 236, 326, 332, 333 morchi 178 occidentalis 220 pseudoincrassatus 236 INDEX Spirobranchus quadricornis 175 rostratus 178 semper i 175 tricornigerus 175 Spirographis 184, 192 australiensis 177 spallanzanii 192 Spirorbis 171, 172, 219, 221, 222, 224, 229, 230, 231, 236, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 288 abnormis 180, 245, 254, 260, 262, 268, 337, 333 ajfinis 241, 264 aggregatus 176, 260, 261, 266 albus 265 antarcticus 264 argutus 174, 250, 260, 262, 267 armortcanus 258, 260, 261, 266 asperatus 180, 245, 246, 253, 260, 262, 268, 314, 318 bellulus 174, 250, 260, 262, 267 beneti 260, 261, 265, 289 bernardi 260, 261, 267 borealis 222, 236, 255, 257, 258, 262 cancellatus 248, 260, 261, 263, 337, 338 carinatus 241, 246, 248, 249, 260, 263, 264, 265 chilensis 176, 260, 264 claparedei 176, 260, 261, 266 communis 248, 260, 263 comptus 1 80, 244, 260, 261, 268 conicus 248 cornuarietis 239, 260, 261, 264, 288 corrugatus 248, 257, 260, 263, 267 dorsatus 174, 250, 260, 267 evolutus 251, 260, 261, 268 eximius 180, 239, 260, 261, 267, 336 fabricii 264 foraminosus 174, 250, 260, 262, 267 formosus 251, 254, 260, 262, 268, 236 granulatus 241, 242, 246, 247, 249, 253, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 338 heterostrophus 248, 249, 260, 263 incisus 178, 246, 265 Spirorbis incongruus 180, 241, 244, 260, 261, 267, 338 inversus 181, 246, 260, 268 kcehleri 260, 261, 266 laevis 254, 257, 258, 260, 261, 265 lamellosus 178, 246, 264 langerhansi 173, 240, 260, 261, 267 lebruni 176, 260, 261, 266 levinseni 176, 260, 261, 266 lineatus 180, 242, 260, 261, 267, 336 lucidus 241, 243, 246, 251, 257, 262 grdnlandicus 262 malardi 260, 261, 266 marioni 173, 239, 240, 260, 261, 266, 336, 338 mediterraneus 260, 261, 266 militaris 247, 258, 260, 261, 265 minutus 248, 263 montagui 264 mdrchi 170, 180, 240, 241, 260, 261, 265, 332 mutabilis 252, 260, 261, 268, 289 nautiloides 262, 265 nordenskjoldi 176, 260, 267 pagenstecheri 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 265 patagonicus 176, 260, 261, 266 perrieri 176, 258, 260, 262, 266 plicatus 264 ponticus 264 porosus 265 pseudocorrugatus 248, 250, 260, 261, 267 pusilloides 250, 254, 255, 260, 261, 267 pusillus 250, 258, 264, 267 quadrangularis 170, 180, 239, 241, 247, 249, 253, 260, 261, 264, 337, 338. 339 rugatus 180, 241, 243, 244, 260, 261, 268, 316, 328 semidentatus 180, 237, 238, 253, 260, 261, 267, 312 similia 180, 242, 260, 261, 268, 316, 336, 338 simplex 265 sinistrosus 251, 260, 263, 266 sp. 248, 264, 338 INDEX Spirorbis spirillum 170, 179, 180, 243, 244. 253, 254, 255, 260, 261, 262, 265 lucidus 170, 179, 312, 324, 336, 338 greenlandicus 243 spirorbis 222, 236, 241, 248, 251, 253. 254» 255, 258, 260, 261, 262, 337, 338 stimpsoni 250, 253, 260, 261, 265, 337, 338 sulcatus 247, 248, 249, 260, 261, 263 transversus 263 tricostalis 178, 264 tridentatus 181, 246, 260, 268 tubaeformis 251, 260, 261, 268, 336 validus 246, 247, 249, 253. 254, 256, 260, 262, 265, 332, 333 variabilis 180, 237, 238, 243, 246, 254, 260, 261, 267, 316, 336, 338 verruca 247, 249, 260, 261, 264, 265 violaceus 170, 180, 237, 238, 242, 247, 260, 261, 266 vitreus 237, 240, 247, 248, 260, 261, 263 zelandicus 177, 264 Terebella stellata 222 Tubus vermicularis 224 Vermetus porosus 175 Vermilia 220, 222 agglutinata 223 ccespitosa 177 clavigera 223 ctenophora 173 dine ma 222 infundibulum 22O multicostata 223 multicristata 179, 220, 223 multivaricosa 220, 223 nigropileata 176, 220 pluriannulata 173 polytrema 220 rosea 177 rostratus 178 serrula 224 sp. 176 spirorbis 220 strigiceps 177 tceniatus 178 triquetra 220, 222 Vermiliopsis 220, 223, 226 agglutinata 223 multivaricosa 220, 223 Zopyrus 224 koempferi 177 loveni 176, 224 sp. 176 PLATE XXI. FIG. I. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210. Lateral view, X i- 2. Opposite view of same specimen. 3. Eudistylia flumosa sp. nov., p. 212. Ventral view of anterior portion of type, slightly enlarged. 4. Lateral view of same specimen, about natural size. (300) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXI . . .-••.^. ~ix££ *E^ 'JSfc- "A*/:vr>» ' ALASKA ANNELIDS HELIOTVPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXII. FIG. i. Myxicola glacialis sp. nov., p. 218. Lateral view of long slender form, Xf- 2. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov., p. 213. Ventral view, X §• 3. Opposite view of same specimen. 4. Branchiae : a, Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210, showing double end ; b, Eudistylia plumosa sp. nov., p. 212; c, Eudistylia gigantea, normal ; d, Eudistylia gigantea, medium sized specimen; all X 3- (302) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE xxu ALASKA ANNELIDS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXIII. FIG. i. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210. Dorsal view of anterior portion o a medium sized specimen, X *• 2. Schizobranchia concinna sp. nov., p. 208. Dorsal view of type, X i- 3. Ventral view of same specimen. 4. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov., p. 213. Dorsal view of anterior portion of a medium sized specimen, X f • 5. Lateral view of same specimen. (304) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXIII ALASKA ANNELIDS HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXIV. FIG. i. Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov., p. 206. Ventral view, X 2. Dorsal view of another specimen. 3. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., p. 207. Ventral view, X i« 4. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov., p. 212. Lateral view, X *• (306) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXIV ALASKA ANNELIDS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXV. FIG. i. Myxicola glacialis sp. nov., p. 218. Lateral view, X 3- 2. Lateral view of another specimen. 3. Aspeira modesta sp. nov., p. 202. Dorsal view, X f • 4. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210. Ventral view of a medium sized specimen, X I- 5. Crucigera irregularis sp. nov., p. 234. Lateral view, X 3- (308) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXV ALASKA ANNELIDS HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXVI. FIG. i. Myxicola conjuncta sp. nov., p. 217. Lateral view, slightly enlarged. 2. Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. Lateral view, X 3- 3. Serfula splendens sp. nov., p. 230. Ventral view of anterior portion, X4- 4. Branchiae: a, Myxicola conjuncta sp. nov., p. 217; b, Myxicola glacialis sp. nov., p. 218 ; both X 5- H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXVI ALASKA ANNELIDS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXVII. FIG. I. Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov., p. 206. Lateral view of young speci- men in which the branchiae are being repaired from injury, X 2* 2. Sabella humilis sp. nov., p. 195. Dorso-lateral view, X about 4. 3. Parasabella media sp. nov., p. 2OO. Ventral view, X !• 4. Dorsal view of same specimen. 5. Portion of two branchiae, X 4- 6. Terminal portions of branchiae, X^: a, Sabella leptalea sp. nov., p. 195 ; b, Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196; c, Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. 7. Spirorbis semidcntatus sp. nov., p. 237. Lateral view of tube, show- ing operculum, X 5- 8. Spirorbis spirillum Linne* var. lucidus Montagu, p. 243, from Pacific Grove, on shell of Cerithtum, X 5- 9. Eupomatus gracilis sp. nov., p. 234. Dorsal view of anterior portion of specimen from Pacific Grove, X 4- IO. Spirorbis semidentatus sp. nov., p. 237. Top view of two tubes, show- ing slightly protruding animal, X 5- H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE xxvn ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXVIII. FIG. I. Schizobranchia dubfa sp. nov., p. 208. Lateral view, X 3- 2. Schizobranchia concinna sp. nov., p. 208. Dorsal view of anterior por- tions of a medium sized specimen, X about 3. 3. Crucigera formosa sp. nov., p. 233. Branchia without terminal fila- ment, X 5- 4. Another branchia with short terminal filament, X about 2. 5. Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov., p. 206. Branchia, X about 2. 6. Schizobranchia concinna sp. nov., p. 208. Branchia, X about 2. 7. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., p. 207. Branchia, X about 2. 8. Parasabella maculata sp. nov., p. 201. Lateral view, X about 2. 9. Ventral view of same specimen. 10. Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov., p. 245. Mass of tubes, X about 6. (3H) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXVIII 10 ALASKA ANNELIDS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXIX. FIG. I. Schizobranchia dubia sp. nov., p. 208. Dorso-lateral view, X 5- 2. Serpula splendens sp. nov., p. 230. Dorsal view of anterior portion, showing both primary and secondary operculum, X 2« 3. A piece of stone covered with tubes of Sfirorbh, X about 4 : a, Sinis- tral, vitreous, Spirorbis variabilis sp. nov., p. 238; b, Dextral, Spir- orbis rugatus sp. nov., p. 243 ; c, Sinistral, nonglassy, Spirorbis simih's sp. nov., p. 242. 4. Crucigera irregularis sp. nov., p. 234. Lateral view of anterior portion of type, X 3- 5. Crucigera zygophorn (Johnson), p. 233. Branchia, X 5- 6. Eudistylia polymorpha (Johnson), p. 214. Anterior portion of speci- men from Victoria, British Columbia, X 4 • «» cut dorso-ventrally, to show the spiral branchial lobe ; b, the other half cut laterally, to show height of spiral with branchial membrane. H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXIX ALASKA ANNELIDS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXX. FIG. i. Chone teres sp. nov., p. 215. Two views of the type, X 2. 2. Serpula splendens sp. nov., p. 230. Lateral view of a specimen, showing a portion of the tube covered with tubes of Spirorbis and Hyalopo- matopsis, X 2. 3. Opposite view of another specimen, X 2- 4. Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov., p. 245. Mass of tubes of the variety with roughened surface, attached to a gastropod shell, X about 6. H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXX ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXI. FIG. x. Crucigera formosa sp. nov., p. 233. Dorso-lateral view of type, X 3- 2. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson), p. 233. A mass of tubes with their animals, X 2- (320) H. A. E. VOL. XI! PLATE XXXI k| ALASKA ANNELIDS HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XXXII. FlG. I. Eudistylta gigantea sy. nov., p. 210. Seta from abdomen, about # view. 2. Pennoned seta, from a thoracic torus of another specimen, back view. 3. Inferior thoracic seta below the collar, from the same specimen as fig. 1 1 , about % view. 4. Inferior seta from the collar fascicle of the same specimen as fig. i, about $£ view. 5. Another seta from the same fascicle, more turned. 6. Inferior seta from collar fascicle of type, nearly back view. 7. Superior seta from the same fascicle, side view. 8. Inferior thoracic seta below collar of type, back view. 9. Eudistylia plumosa sp. nov., p. 212. Inferior thoracic seta below collar of type, nearly back view. 10. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210. Seta from abdomen of type. 11. Inferior thoracic seta from the same specimen as fig. 3. 12. Avicular uncinus from a caudal torus of type. 13. Avicular uncinus from a thoracic torus of type. 14. Pennoned seta from same torus, in profile. 15. Eudistylia plumosa sp. nov., p. 212. Avicular uncinus from near ven- tral end of a thoracic torus of type. 16. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus from the same specimen as fig. I. 17. Pennoned seta from same torus, in profile. 18. Eudistylia plumosa sp. nov., p. 212. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus of type. 19. Seta from abdomen of type. 20. Superior seta from fourth thoracic segment of type. 21. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 2IO. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus of type. 22. Eudistylia plumosa sp. nov., p. 212. Avicular uncinus near dorsal end of same thoracic torus as fig. 15. 23. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus of same specimen as fig. 2, another view. 24. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus of same specimen as fig. I. 25. Inferior thoracic seta below collar of s^me specimen as fig. 2. 26. Superior seta from fourth thoracic segment of type. Figures i, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 19, 20 are by A. H. Verrill, X 196; the oth- ers, by the author, X 2I2« (322) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXXII H£LIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXIII. FIG. I. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov., p. 212. Inferior seta from collar fas- cicle, nearly back view. 2. Superior seta from the same fascicle, in profile. 3. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson), p. 233. Posterior portion of a collar seta. 4. Crucigera formosa sp. nov., p. 233. Posterior portion of a collar seta, about # view. 5. Sabella leptalea sp. nov., p. 195. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus. 6. Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy), p. 204. Pennoned seta from thor- acic torus. 7. Schizobranchia dubia sp. nov., p. 208. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 8. Parasabella macula fa sp. nov., p. 201. Seta from collar fascicle, in profile. 9. Schizobranchia affinis sp. nov., p. 209. Inferior thoracic seta below collar fascicle, about % view. 10. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov., p. 212. Seta from abdomen, back view. 11. Schizobranchia affinis sp. nov., p. 209. Inferior seta from same fascicle as fig. 9, different position. 12. Parasabella maculata sp. nov., p. 201. Inferior seta from fourth thor- acic segment, about tf view. 13. Crucigera irregularis sp. nov., p. 234. Posterior portion of a collar seta. 14. Sabella leptalea sp. nov., p. 195. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus. 15. Spirorbis spirillum (Linne") var. lucidus (Montagu) , p. 243. Calcareous plate from operculum. 16. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov., p. 213. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 17. Schizobranchia affinis sp. nov., p. 209. Avicular uncinus from thor- acic torus. 18. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov., p. 212. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 19. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov., p. 213. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus. 20. Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus. 21. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus. 22. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., p. 207. Avicular uncinus from thor- acic torus of a young specimen from Dutch Harbor. 23. Schizobranchia affinis sp. nov., p. 209. Setafrom abdomen, back view. 24. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov., p. 213. Inferior thoracic seta below collar. 25. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov., p. 212. Inferior thoracic seta below collar. H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXXIII HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXin — Continued. FIG. 26. Eudistylia intermedia sp. nov., p. 214. Avicular uncinus from abdom- inal torus of specimen from Pacific Grove, California. 27. Sabella leptalea sp. nov., p. 195. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus. 28. Eudistylia intermedia sp. nov. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 29. Sabella leptalea sp. nov. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus, differ- ent position from fig. 27. 30. Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy), p. 204. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus, different position from fig. 6. 31. Serpula splendens sp. nov., p. 230. Posterior portion of seta from collar fascicle. 32. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 33. Parasabella maculata sp. nov., p. 201. Inferior seta from same thoracic segment as fig. 12, different view. 34. Parasabella media sp. nov., p. 200. Seta from collar fascicle, about % view. 35. Inferior seta from fourth thoracic segment, back view. 36. Superior seta from same fascicle, in profile. Figures i, 2, 21, 23, 25, 34, 35, 36 are by A. H. Verrill, X 223- The others, by the author, X 23°» except figure 15, X 37- (3>5) PLATE XXXIV. FIG. i. Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. Seta from collar fascicle, nearly back view. 2. Parasaletta maculata sp. nov., p. 2Oi. Superior seta from fourth thor- acic fascicle, in profile. 3. Parasabella media sp. nov., p. 200. Seta from abdomen. 4. Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. Inferior seta from fourth thoracic fascicle. 5. Superior seta from same fascicle. 6. Sabella leptalea sp. nov., p. 195. Seta from abdomen. 7. Seta from collar fascicle. 8. Superior seta from fourth thoracic fascicle. 9. Inferior seta from same fascicle. 10. Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. Seta from abdomen. it. Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy), p. 204. Seta from abdomen, back view. 12. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov., p. 213. Avicular uncinus from a thoracic torus. 13. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov., p. 212. Avicular uncinus from a thor- acic torus. 14. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Avicular uncinus from an abdominal torus. 15. Schizobranchia concinna sp. nov., p. 208. Pennoned seta from a thor- acic torus. 16. Eudistylia abbreviata sp. nov., p. 212. Avicular uncinus from an ab- dominal torus. 17. Schizobranchia concinna sp. nov., p. 208. Avicular uncinus from ab- dominal torus. 18. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus, slightly turned. 19. Eudistylia intermedia sp. nov., p. 214. Inferior seta from collar fas- cicle, back view. 20. Seta from abdomen. 21. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Avicular uncinus from a thoracic torus. 22. Sabella leptalea sp. nov., p. 195. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus. 23. Eudistylia gigantea sp. nov., p. 210. Avicular uncinus from a thoracic torus, slightly turned. 24. Spirobranchus incrassatus (Kroyer), p. 236. Seta from collar fascicle of specimen from Central America. 25. Eupomatus gracilis sp. nov., p. 234. Seta from collar fascicle of type from Pacific Grove, California. 26. Eudistylia intermedia sp. nov., p. 214. Inferior seta from a thoracic fascicle below collar. Figures i, 3-10, 14, 19, 21 are by A. H. Verrill, X J96« The others, by the author, X 2I2« (326) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXXIV HELIOTVPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXV. FIG. I. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., p. 207. Inferior thoracic seta below collar, of type. 2. Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov., p. 206. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus of type. 3. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., p. 207. Seta from abdomen of type. 4. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus of type. 5. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus of another specimen. 6. Pennoned seta from same thoracic torus. 7. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Seta from abdomen. 8. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., p. 207. Inferior seta from thorax of type. 9. Schizobranchia affinis sp. nov., p. 209. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus, front view. 10. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., 207. Avicular uncinus from thor- acic torus of type. 11. Inferior thoracic seta from same specimen as fig. 5. 12. Schizobranckia insignis sp. nov., p. 206. Superior thoracic seta below collar, same specimen as fig. 2. 13. Seta from abdomen of same specimen. 14. Spirorbis rugatus sp. nov., p. 243. Operculum torn away, showing calcareous disk at base. 15. Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov., p. 206. Inferior thoracic seta from same specimen as fig. 2. 16. Another inferior seta from same specimen. 17. Schizobranckia concinna sp. nov., p. 208. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus. 18. Serpula splendens sp. nov., p. 230. Uncinus from thorax. 19. Metachone mollis sp. nov., p. 216. Clavate seta from thorax of type, from Pacific Grove, California. 20. Beaked seta from thorax of same specimen. 21. Eudistylia intermedia sp. nov., p. 214. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus of type. 22. Eudistylia tenella sp. nov., p. 213. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus. 23. Schizobranchia nobilis sp. nov., p. 207. Superior seta from collar fascicle. 24. Schizobranchia concinna sp. nov., p. 208. Inferior thoracic seta below collar fascicle. 25. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Inferior seta from thorax of same specimen as fig. 7. 26. Schizobranchia insignis sp. nov., p. 206. Avicular uncinus from thor- acic torus of same specimen as fig. 2. 27. Avicular uncinus from abdominal torus of same specimen. 28. Metachone mollis sp. nov., p. 216. Uncinus from abdomen of type. 29. Eudistylia intermedia sp. nov., p. 214. Pennoned seta from same torus as fig. 21. 30. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Superior seta from thorax of same fascicle as fig. 25. Figures 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 30 by A. H. Verrill, X 196. the others, by the author, X 2I2» except figure 14, X 35- (328) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXXV ALASKA ANNELIDS HEUOTYPE CO. PLATE XXXVI. FIG. i. Schizobranchia dubia sp. nov., p. 208. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus, back view. 2. Avicular uncinus from same torus. 3. Another pennoned seta from thorax, nearly side view. 4. Sabella humilis sp. nov., p. 195. Seta from collar fascicle of type. 5. Another seta from collar fascicle. 6. Seta from fourth thoracic fascicle. 7. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus. 8. Avicular uncinus from an abdominal torus, in profile. 9. Another from same torus, nearly front view. 10. Avicular uncinus from thoracic torus. 11. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 13. Parasabella maculata sp. nov., p. 201. Avicular uncinus from an ab- dominal torus. 13. Parasabella media sp. nov., p.2OO. Avicular uncinus from a thoracic torus. 14. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus (no potash used). 15. Parasabella maculata sp. nov., p. 201. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus. 16. Avicular uncinus from a thoracic torus. 17. Schizobranchia dubia sp. nov., p. 208. One of the shorter or inferior setae from collar fascicle, back view. 18. Seta from the abdomen, back view. 19. One of the longer or superior setae from the collar fascicle, in profile. 20. Side view of one of the superior setae commencing on the second thor- acic segment. 21. Parasabella maculata sp. nov., p. 2OI. Pennoned seta from a thoracic torus, different position. 22. An abdominal seta, in profile. 23. Pseudopotamitta debilis sp. nov., p. 204. Inferior thoracic seta below collar, from specimen from Pacific Grove, California, about $£ view. 24. Another from the same fascicle, different position. 25. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 26. Pseudopotamilla debilis sp. nov., p. 204. Avicular thoracic uncinus from specimen from Pacific Grove, California. 27. Aspeira modesta sp. nov., p. 202. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus. 28. Seta from abdomen, in profile. 29. One of the longer inferior oblanceolate setae from the fourth thoracic fascicle. 30. One of the shorter, more nearly spatulate setae from the same fascicle 31. Pennoned seta from the thoracic torus, different position. 32. Sabella formosa sp. nov., p. 196. Pennoned seta from thoracic torus, different position. 33. Aspeira modesta sp. nov., p. 2O2. Superior lanceolate seta from the fourth thoracic fascicle, back view. 34. Avicular uncinus from an abdominal torus. 35. Avicular uncinus from a thoracic torus. Figures 4-6, 25, 27-30, 33-35 by A. H. Verrill, X 295; the others, by the author, X 30°. (330) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXXVI HF.LIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXVII. FIG. I. Protula atypha sp. nov., p. 228. Seta from abdomen of specimen from Pacific Grove, California. 2. Front view of thoracic uncinus apparently without serrations. 3. Chitinopoma greenlandica (Morch) Levinsen,p. 229. Operculum from specimen from Greenland. 4. Protula atypha sp. nov. , p. 228. Side view of another uncinus from sixth thoracic torus. 5. Spirorbis validus Verrill, p. 249. Abdominal seta from specimen from Grand Banks. 6. A simple curved seta from same region. 7. Collar seta showing imperfection in margin. 8. Collar seta from another specimen. 9. Chitinopoma greenlandica (Morch) Levinsen, p. 229. Operculum of specimen on tube of Nothria conchylega, from off eastern coast of New England, in 32 fathoms. 1O. Spirorbis validus Verrill, p. 249. Seta from second thoracic fascicle of animal from Grand Banks. XI. Pseudopotamitta oculifera (Leidy), p. 204. Pennoned seta from thorax of specimen from Atlantic Ocean. 12. Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. Pennoned seta from thorax. 13. Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy), p. 204. Avicular thoracic uncinus from specimen from Atlantic Ocean. 14. Another, showing slight variation. 15. Spirorbis morchi Levinsen, p. 240. Seta from second thoracic fascicle of specimen from the Banks, Atlantic Ocean, in 110-120 fathoms. 16. Chone teres sp. nov., p. 215. Seta from first thoracic segment of type, about %i view. 17. Seta from abdomen, partly turned. 18. Bayonet seta from thorax. 19. Superior thoracic seta below collar. 20. Inferior thoracic seta below collar. 21. Hooked thoracic seta from fourth segment. 22. Abdominal uncinus. 23. Another, showing variation. 24. Spirorbis morchi Levinsen, p. 240. Collar seta from same specimen as fig. 15. 25. Spirobranchus incrassatus (Kro'yer), p. 236. Thoracic uncinus from specimen from Central America. 26. Eupomatus gracilis sp. nov., p. 234. Thoracic uncinus from specimen from Pacific Grove, California. 27. Abdominal uncinus. 28. Schizobranchia dubia sp. nov., p. 208. Inferior thoracic seta below collar, back view. (332) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXXVII HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXVII— Continued. FIG. 29. Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy), p. 204. Inferior thoracic seta from specimen from Atlantic Ocean, back view. 30. Parasabclla media sp. nov., p. 200. Pennoned seta from thorax, back view. 31. Serpula splendens sp. nov., p. 230. Front view of thoracic uncinus. 32. Spirorbis validus Verrill, p. 249. Odd seta from third thoracic fas- cicle of specimen from Grand Banks. 33. Sabella elegans sp. nov., p. 194. Another pennoned seta from thoracic torus, back view. 34. Spirobranchus incrassatus (Krbyer), p. 236. Thoracic seta. Figures by the author: 2, 4, 26, 27, 31, X 33°; 3, 9, X 5<>; the others, X295- (333) PLATE XXXVIH. FIG. I. Myxicola conjuncta sp. nov., p. 217. Seta from thorax, side view. 2. Another seta from a thoracic fascicle, side view. 3. Only hooked seta found on sixth thoracic segment. 4. Dark, sharply pointed, spear-shaped seta from eighth thoracic segment. 5. Seta from a thoracic fascicle, back view. 6. Light-colored spear-shaped seta from abdomen. 7. Only hooked seta found on seventh thoracic segment. 8. Only hooked seta found on fourth thoracic segment, more turned. 9. Dark spear-shaped seta from eighth thoracic segment, more blunt than fig. 4. 10. Uncial plate from abdomen. 11. Another, showing variation in form. 12. Myxicola glacialis sp. nov., p. 218. Uncial plate from fourth segment (first abdominal). 13. Myxicola steenstrupt Kr5yer, p. 218. Uncial plate from abdomen of a specimen from the Bay of Fundy. 14. Another, showing variation in form. 15. One of the 4 or 5 hooked setae from sixth thoracic segment. 16. Another from seventh thoracic segment, more turned. 17. Myxicola affinis sp. nov., p. 218. Uncial plate from abdomen of speci- men from Pacific Grove, California. 18. Another, showing variation in form. 19. Hooked seta from thorax. 20. Another, different view. 21. Myxicola steenstrupi KrSyer, p. 218. Hooked seta from eighth thoracic segment of same specimen as fig. 13. 22. Another from same segment, different view. 23. Myxicola glacialis sp. nov., p. 218. Uncial plate from abdomen of another specimen. 24. Myxicola steenstrupi KrSyer. Seta from thorax of same specimen as fig. 13, nearly back view, similar to those on abdomen. 25. Myxicola glacialis sp. nov., p. 218. Seta from second thoracic segment of same specimen as fig. 12, back view. 26. Seta from first thoracic segment of same specimen, back view. 27. Seta from abdomen of same specimen as fig. 23, back view. 28. Abdominal seta from same specimen. 29. Seta from thorax of same specimen, back view. 30. Sharp spear-shaped seta from thorax of same specimen. 31. One of 4 hooked setae from third thoracic segment of same specimen as fig. 12. 32. Blunter spear-shaped seta from thorax of same specimen as fig. 30. All the figures by the author, X 53°- (334) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXXVIII HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXIX. FIG. i. Crucigera irregularis sp. nov., p. 234. Collar seta from type. 2. Uncial plate from thorax. 3. Uncial plate from abdomen. 4. Seta from abdomen. 5. Another uncial plate from thorax. 6. Crucigera formosa sp. nov., p. 233. Uncial plate from thorax of type* showing abnormal development. 7. Abdominal uncinus, front view. 8. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson), p. 233. Abdominal uncinus. 9. Spirorbis eximius sp. nov., p. 239. Caudal seta from specimen from Pacific Grove, California. 10. Crucigera formosa sp. nov., p. 233. Collar seta. 11. Abdominal uncinus. 12. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson), p. 233. Abdominal seta. 13. Thoracic uncinus. 14. Crucigera formosa sp. nov., p. 233. Another uncinus from thorax, more normally developed than fig. 6. 15. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson), p. 233. Another abdominal uncinus. 16. Spirorbis similis sp. nov., p. 242. Seta from second thoracic fascicle. 17. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson), p. 233. Collar seta. 18. Spirorbis formosus sp. nov., p. 251. Collar seta. 19. Another, from different specimen. 20. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson), p. 233. Thoracic uncinus, about ^ view. 21. Spirorbis spirillum (Linne") var. lucidus (Montagu), p. 243. Collar seta from specimen from Casco Bay. 22. Capillary seta from thorax of a specimen from Pacific coast. 23. Collar seta from another specimen from Atlantic coast. 24. Spirorbis variabilis sp. nov., p. 238. Collar seta. 25. Another, showing variations in serrations. 26. Spirorbis marioni Caullery and Mesnil, p. 239. Nearly front view of operculum, showing calcareous plate of specimen from Mexico. 27. Side view of same. 38. Spirorbis spirillum (Linne) var. lucidus (Montagu), p. 243. Collar seta from specimen from Pacific Grove, California. 29. Spirorbis lineatus sp. nov., p. 242. Collar seta. 30. Spirorbis tubtzformis sp. nov., p. 251. Seta from second thoracic fascicle of specimen from Long Island Sound. 31. Spirorbis similis sp. nov., p. 242. Collar seta from immature speci- men. 32. Spirorbis tubceformissp. nov., p. 251. Collar seta from same specimen as fig. 30. 33. Serpula splendens sp. nov., p. 230. Caudal uncinus, front view, much enlarged. (336) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XXX'X MEUOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XXXIX — Continued. FIG 34. Spirorbis spirorbis (Linne"), p. 262. Collar seta from specimen from Gloucester, Massachusetts, Atlantic coast. 35. Spirorbis abnormis sp. nov., p. 245. Collar seta, short one. 36. Spirorbis cancellatus Fabricius, p. 248. Collar seta. 37. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson, p. 241. Back view of seta from second thoracic fascicle, from Greenland. 38. Spirorbis stimpsoni Verrill, p. 250. Collar seta, about % view. 39. Eupomatus humilis sp. nov., p. 235. Operculum from specimen from Mexico. 40. Collar seta, front view, showing arrangement of four basal spines. All the figures by the author: i, 10, 17, 26, 27, 39, X 68; the others, except 33, X 4*5- (337) PLATE XL. FIG. I. Spirorbis abnormis sp. nov., p. 245. Front view of calcareous plate from operculum of a young specimen. 2. Side view of same. 3. Hyalopomatopsis occidentalis sp. nov., p. 229. Abdominal seta. 4. Spirorbis variabilis sp. nov., p. 238. Caudal seta. 5. Spirorbis Spirorbis (Linne), p. 262. Collar seta of specimen from Gloucester, Massachusetts, back view. 6. Odd seta from third thoracic fascicle, about % view. 7. Spirorbis spirillum (Linne") var. lucidus (Montagu), p. 243. Caudal seta of specimen from Pacific. 8. Spirorbis spirorbis (Linne"), p. 262. Entire seta from one of a chain of embryos taken from tube. 9. Spirorbis similis sp. nov., p. 242. Collar seta. 10. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson, p. 241. Collar seta of specimen from Greenland, about # view, n. Curved abdominal seta. 12. Spirorbis spirorbis (Linne*), p. 262. Collar seta from another specimen. 13. Seta from second or third thoracic fascicle. 14. Side view of odd seta from third thoracic fascicle. 15. Caudal seta. 16. Spirorbis marioni Caullery and Mesnil, p. 239. Collar seta of specimen from Mexico. 17. Spirorbis similis sp. nov., p. 242. Back view of operculum of a young specimen, showing calcareous plate. 18. Front view of same. 19. Spirorbis incongruus sp. nov., p. 241. Front view of calcareous plate from operculum. 20. Back view of same. 21. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson, p. 241. Seta from second or third thoracic fascicle, in profile. 22. Hyalopomatopsis occidentalis sp. nov., p. 229. Collar seta, basal fin much spread. 23. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson, p. 241. Collar seta of specimen from the Banks, Atlantic Ocean. 24. Spirorbis granulatus Linne*, p. 247. Collar seta of specimen from the Banks, Atlantic Ocean. 25. Spirorbis sp. Collar seta. 26. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson, p. 241. Base of collar seta (blade broken) from specimen from Greenland. 27. Spirorbis cancellatus Fabricius, p. 248. Collar seta. 28. Spirorbis incongruus sp. nov., p. 241. Collar seta. 29. Spirorbis stimpsoni Verrill, p. 250. Odd seta from third thoracic fascicle. (338) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XL HEUQTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XL— Continued. FIG. 30. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson, p. 241. Caudal seta of specimen from Greenland. 31. Chitinopoma greenlandica (Morch) Levinsen, p. 229. One of the shorter collar setae (longest ones broken) of specimen on tubes of Nothria conchylega from off the eastern coast of New England, in 32 fathoms. All figures by the author: i, 2, 17-20, X 65 ; others, X 398. (339) PLATE XLI. FIG. I. Spirorbis violaceus Levinsen, p. 242. Collar seta from specimen from the Grand Banks, Atlantic Ocean. 2. Another collar seta. 3. Spirorbis verruca (Fabricius), p. 247. Collar seta showing slight pos- terior notch in margin, from specimen on Chlamys islandicus from Greenland. 4. Spirorbis asperaius sp. nov., p. 245. Collar seta (serrations too dis- tinctly marked). 5. Abdominal seta, back view. 6. Collar seta of another specimen (serrations invisible). 7. Spirorbis eximius sp. nov., p. 239. Seta from second thoracic segment of specimen from Pacific Grove, California. 8. Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov., p. 245. Curved shaft associated with ab- dominal seta. 9. Spirorbis sulcatus (Adams), p. 249. Collar seta from specimen on Haliotis from Guernsey, England. 10. Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov., p. 245. Abdominal seta (no serrations), profile view, n. Apparent arrangement of teeth on uncini, greatly enlarged. 12. Spirorbis verruca (Fabricius), p. 247. Another collar seta showing but very slight indication of posterior notch. 13. Spirorbis semidentatus sp. nov., p. 237. Capillary seta from thorax. 14. Spirorbis vitreus (Fabricius), p. 247. Collar seta from specimen from the Banks, Atlantic Ocean. 15. Spirorbis morchi Levinsen, p. 240. Caudal seta from Alaska speci- men, back view. 16. Another, in profile. 17. Spirorbis semidentatus sp. nov., p. 237. Caudal seta. 18. Spirorbis eximius sp. nov., p. 239. Collar seta. 19. Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov., p. 245. Uncial plate from thorax, about f view. 20. Spirorbis eximius sp. nov., p. 239. Odd seta from third thoracic fascicle. 21. Spirorbis morchi Levinsen, p. 240. Collar seta from specimen on Chlamys islandicus from Greenland. 22. Spirorbis formosus sp. nov., p. 251. Caudal seta from specimen from Bermuda. 23. Spirorbis semidentatus sp. nov., p. 23^. Another caudal seta. 24. Spirorbis morchi Levinsen, p. 240. Seta from third thoracic fascicle of Alaska specimen. 25. Collar seta from same specimen. 26. Spirorbis semidentatus sp. nov., p. 237. Seta from second or third fascicle. (340) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XLI - 32 HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XLI — Continued. FIG. 27. Collar seta turned, showing upper surface. 28. Uncial plate from thorax, in profile. 29. Collar seta, in profile. 30. Odd seta of third thoracic fascicle, end spread open. 31. Spirorbis asperatus sp. nov., p. 245. Uncial plate; apparent aspect of front surface. 32. Uncial plate from thorax, in profile. All figures by the author, X 355, except 11 and 31, more enlarged. (340 PLATE XLII. FIG. i. Spirorbis spirillum (Linne*) var. lucidus (Montagu), p. 243. Back view of a calcareous plate from an operculum of specimen from Green- land. 2. Nearly front view of an operculum showing calcareous plate from another specimen from Greenland. 3. Calcareous plate from operculum of a specimen (typical lucidus) from Casco Bay. 4. Operculum of specimen from same locality, showing calcareous plate covered with a minute seaweed. 5. Back view of fig. 3. 6. Spirorbis vitreus (Fabricius), p. 247. Calcareous plate from operculum of specimen from the Banks, Atlantic Ocean. 7. Top view of same. 8. Spirorbis violaceus Levinsen, p. 242. Operculum showing calcareous plate of specimen from Grand Banks. 9. Opposite view of same. 10. Bottom view of calcareous plate from another operculum. n. Back view of same. 12. Front view of same. 13. Spirorbis tubceformis sp. nov., p. 251. Back view of an operculum showing calcareous plate of specimen from Long Island Sound. 14. From view of same, the plate covered with seaweed. 15. Spirorbis Spirorbis (Linne), p. 236. Back view of an operculum from a full-grown specimen from Gloucester, Massachusetts. 16. Side view of an operculum of a medium sized specimen, showing calcareous plate. 17. Front view of fig. 15 ; the plate covered with minute protozoans. 18. Back view of an operculum showing operculum plate, of a young specimen. 19. Front view of same. ao. Spirorbis evolutus sp. nov., p. 251. Front view of an operculum showing calcareous plate of specimen from Grand Banks. 21. Opposite view of same. 22. Side view of same. 23. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson, p. 241. Side view of calcareous plate of specimen from Greenland. 24. Front view of calcareous plate, fig. 28. 25. Back view of same. 26. Opposite view of fig. 23. 27. Side view of operculum of a specimen from Greenland collected and identified as 5. granulatus by Moore, 1902. 28. Front view of another operculum from specimen from same locality. 29. Opposite view of same. (342) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XLII HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS PLATE XLII— Continued. FIG. 30. Spirorbis eancellatus (Fabricius), p. 248. Bottom view of a calcareous plate. 31. Nearly front view of same. 32. Operculum showing calcareous plate becoming detached. 33. Back view of fig. 31- 34. Opposite view of fig. 32. All figures by the author, X 43- (343) PLATE XLIII— Continued. FIG. 27. Spirorbis similis sp. nov., p. 242. Back view of operculum filled with eggs. 28. Spirorbis abnormis sp. nov., p. 245. Operculum showing one plate, the other being torn away. Embryos with large white patches which filled the operculum are not represented. 29. Front view of another operculum with 3 calcareous plates. 30. Spirorbis formosus sp. nov., p. 251. Detached calcareous cylinder showing interior. 31. Spirorbis similis sp. nov., p. 242. Front view of fig. 27, showing calcareous plate. 32. Spirorbis granulatus (Linne"), p. 247. Operculum filled with embryos, showing conspicuous white patches and primary calcareous plate on the top, splitting from secondary one. Specimen from off New England coast, in 110-120 fathoms. All figures by the author, X 35- (345) PLATE XLIV. FIG. I. Spirorbis verruca (Fabricius), p. 247. Back view of a double operculum plate showing the primary and secondary ones before separation. 2. Hyalopomatopsis occidentalis sp. nov., p. 229. Operculum, in which a delicate yellowish (horny ?) cap is partially denned. 3. Pomatoccros triquetra (Linne"), p. 222. Operculum plate from a speci- men from Denmark in the Yale University Museum. 4. Hyalopomatopsis occidentalis sp. nov. , p. 229. Another operculum, less convex on top, showing conspicuous air-bubble. 5. Spirorbis sp.? Operculum showing a large calcareous plate, from an animal forming a tube which resembles that of Spirorbis Spirorbis (Linne") from Greenland. As the collar setae could not be found, the species remains undetermined. It may be the very young of one of the larger forms. 6. The same operculum in another position. 7. Protula media Stimpson, p. 228. Reproduction of Professor Yen-ill's figure published in Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, 1874. 8. Hyalopomatopsis occidentalis sp. nov., p. 229. Operculum from a full- grown animal, showing distinct central cavity and canal in peduncle, on the end of which algae are growing. 9. Outline sketch of the anterior portion of a young animal. 10. Spirorbis sp.? Operculum of animal from Alaska. 11. Spirorbis validus Verrill, p. 249. Back view of a calcareous plate. 12. The same plate in another position. 13. Opposite view to fig. n. 14. A double plate showing primary one about splitting away. Both specimens were on Buccinum from the Grand Banks, in 36-51 fathoms. 15. Spirorbis sp. ? Front view of fig. 5. 16. Spirorbis verruca (Fabricius), p. 247. Opposite view to fig. I. 17. Spirorbis -variabilis sp. nov., p. 238. Operculum with minute proto- zoans on end, side view. 18. Spirorbis rugatus sp. nov., p. 243. Front view of operculum showing plate. 19. Side view. ao. Spirorbis morchi Levinsen, p. 240. Operculum showing large cal- careous cap, from specimen from off the eastern coast of New Eng- land, in 1 10-120 fathoms. 21. Back view of another operculum, showing eggs. 22. Eupomatus humilis sp. nov., p. 235. Operculum greatly enlarged. All figures by the author, X 30, except 3, X 9° ; 7> X {. and 22, X 278- (346) H. A. E. VOL. XII PLATE XLIV 1C HSUOTYPE CO. ALASKA ANNELIDS INDEX New genera and species and the pages on which they are described are In black-face type ; synonyms in parenthesis. Abbreviations, explanations 124, 125 Accessory glands 3 Achaeta 6, 12 Achaetinae 12 Addenda, Tubicolous Annelids 287-291 Amphiglena 188 armandi (188) mediterranea 188 Amphitrite (204), 257 volutacornis (183), (184) Ampulla 4 Anlsomelus luteus 227 Annelids, Tubicolous 167-339 Apomatopsis 226 similis 226 Apomatus 226, 257 ampulliferus 226, 257 elisabethae 177 enosimae 173, 226 globifera 226 similis (226) Aspeira 178, 192, 202 modesta 178, 179, 192, 202-203 1 3<>8, 330 species ? 173 Atrial glands 4 Atrium 4 Bibliography, Enchytraeidse 121-123 Tubicolous Annelids 269-286 Bispira 183-184, (185), (192) mariae (178), (192), (287) polymorpha (172), (214) volutacornis (183) Branchlomma 191 vesiculosum 191 Bryodrllus 7, 8, 13, 75, 94 synopsis of species 94 udei 94-97, 150 Bucholzia 6, 12, 74 Bush, Katharine J., Tubicolous Anne- lids 167-339 Cardiac gland 4 Chirodrilus 6, 8, 13 Chitinopoma 224 fabricii (224), (229) greenlandica 224, 229, 332, 339 Chone 185, 189 dunerl 216 infundibuliformis 189, 216 teres 180, 215-216, 318, 332 Chylus cells 4 Circeis 257, 258, 261 armoricana (257), (258) corrugatus (257) lucidus (257) Copulatory papillae 4 Crucigera 225, 232, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245 formosa 180, 233-234, 314, 320, 324, 336 irregularis 180, 234, 308, 316, 324, 336 websteri 225, 232 zygophora 172, 233, 238, 316, 320, 324. 336 Cyanophil lymphocytes 4 Cymospira (222) brachycera (178) gigantea (222) march! (178) (347) 348 INDEX Dasychone 192, 198, (198) argus (198) boholensis 174 cingulata 174, 176 compressa (199) curta (176), (199) decora (192), (198) havaica 173 infarcta 192, 198 japonica 173 maculata (175) orientalis 174 picta(i73) serratibranchis 174 Dasychonopsis 178, 191, 198-199 argus 198 compressa 199 curta 176, 199 maculata 175 pallidus 178, 181, 191, 198, 199 Dasynema 221-222 chrysogyrus 175, 221 Demonax 184, 186, 191 cooki 173, 186 incertus (176) krusensterni 173, 186, 191 leucaspis (175) picta 173 tilosaulus (175) Dexiospira 256 Dialyehone 190, 216 acustica 190, 216 Distichopus 13 Distylia 183, 184, 185, 192 volutacornis 183, 184, 185, 192 Ditrypa 223 arietina 223 gracillima 175 libera (223) strangulata 178 subulata (223) Eisen, Gustav, Enchytraeidae 1-166 Enchytraeidae 1-166 abbreviations 124, 125 bibliography 121-123 dictionary of terms 3-5 genera and species, systematic dis- cuss ion 13-121 Enchytraeidae, penial bulb in classi- fication 6-10 plates and plate descriptions 128- 166 synopsis of subfamilies and genera 11-13 Enchytraeus 5, 10, II, 61-62 alaskae 63, 68-70, 128, 164, 166 citrinus 63, 72-73 kincaidi 63, 66-68, 162 metlakatlensis 63, 64-66, 162, 164 modestus 63-64, 164 moebii 62 monochaetus 73 saxicola 62, 63, 70-71, 162 synopsis of species 63 Eosinophil lymphocytes 4 Eucarphus 225 crucigera (172), (236) cumingii 175, 177, 225 lunulifera 225 navalis 177 ternatensis 175 Euchone 185, 190 alicaudata 173 analis 172, 190, 216 Budistylia 178,185,186,193, 197, 209-210 abbreviata 180, 212-213, 306, 324, 326 gigantea 178, 179, 193, 209, 210- 212, 300, 302, 304, 308, 322, 326 intermedia 180, 214, 325, 326, 328 plumosa 179, 212, 300, 302, 322 polymorpha 172, 214, 316 tenella 170, 180, 213-214, 302, 304, 324, 326, 328 Eupomatus 225, (225) boltoni (177) dianthus 235 diplochone 174 elegans (177) exaltatus 173 fusicola 173 gracilis 180, 234-235, 312, 326, 332 humilis 180, 235-236, 337 lunulifera (225) protulicola 235 spongicola 235 uncinatus 225, 235 INDEX 349 Eurato 186, 189 manicata 174 melanostigma 194 notata 174 porifera 174 pyrrhogaster 174, 189 Explanation of terms, Enchytraeidas 3-5 Fabricia 184, 189 alata 176 fabricii 189 Filograna 226, 257 corallifica 291 divaricata 177 implexa 226 Filogranula 222, 257 gracilis 222 Fridericia 13, 14, 105-108 californica 109, 119-121, 156 fuchsi 108, 112-114, 1 60 harrimani 108, 109-111, 166 johnsoni 108, 111-112, 158 macgregori 109, 118-119, 160 popofiana 108, 117-118 santaebarbarae 108, 116-117 santaerosae 108, 115-116, 158 sonorae 108, 114-115, 158 synopsis of species 108-109 Galeolaria 222 boltoni 177 caespitosa 177, 222 decumbens 177 elongata 177 hystrix 175, 177 rosea 177 tetracera 175, 177 Geographical distribution, Tubicolous Annelids 172-178 Glands, accessory 3 atrial 4 cardiac 4 intra-penial 4 salivary 5 septal 5 ventral 5 Gloss opsis 179, 225, 287 minax 175, 179. 225» 287 Haplobranchus 188 acfctuarius 188 Harriman, E. H., species named for 24, 109 Henlea 13, 75, 98 affinis 98 californica 98, 99-100, 156 dicksoni 98, 99 ehrhorni 13, 99, 104-105, 156 guatemalae 13, 99, 102-103, 156 helenae 101-102 leptodera 98, 99 monticola 100-101 nasuta 98, 99 puteana 98 rosai 99 synopsis of species 98-99 ventriculosa 99 Hyalopomatopsis 224, 318 marenzelleri 224 occidentalis 180, 229-230, 338 Hyalopomatus 223 claparedii 223 marenzelleri (224) Hydroides 225, (225), 235 crucigera 172, 236 diplochone (174) elegans 177 furcifera (175), (i79)» (225), (287) greenlandica (224), (229) minax (175), (179), (225), (287) multispinosa 173, (175) norvegica 225, 235 protulicola (235) spongicola (235) ternatensis (175) Hypsicomus 185, 191 haeckelii (185) lyra 173 phaeotsenia 173 stichophthalmos l£_ Intra-penial glands 4 Janita 223 fimbriata 223 Janua 257, (258) pagenstecherl (257), (258), (261) Jasmineira 183, 190, 193 350 INDEX Jasmineira caudata 183, 190 oculata (193) rubropunctata 183 Josephella 226, 290-291 humilis 291 marenzelleri 226, 291 Laeospira 256 Laonome 190, (191) antarctica (176), 197 haeckelii (185) japonica (173), (178), (197), (198) kroyeri 190, 197 spectabilis (174) tridentata 173 Leodora 256, 261 laevis (257), (258) Leptochone (188) Lumbricillinae 12-13, 74~75 Lumbricillus 3, 7, 9, 12, 75-76 annulatus 13, 76, 81-84, 162 borealis 88-89 elongatus 81, 150 franciscanus 76, 86-88, 152 merriami 76, 79-81, 82, 150 ritteri 76, 84-86, 152 santaeclarae 76, 77-79, 86, 88, 152 synopsis of species 76 unalaskae 89-90 Lymphocytes, cyanophil 4 eosinophil 4 Manayunkia 188 speciosa 188 Marionina 12, 90-91 alaskae 91-92, 154 americana 13, 91, 93-94, 154 synopsis of species 91 Megachone 189 aurantiaca 172, 189, 216 Melanenchytraeus solifugus 59 Mera (258), (261) pusilla(25o), (255), (258) Merriam, C. Hart, preface v Mesenchytraeinae II, 13-14 Mesenchytraeus 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, u, 13, 14-17 armatus 19 asiaticus 10, 16, 19, 21-24, 148 Mesenchytraeus beringensis 16, 20, 57- 59, 146 beumeri 20 eastwoodi 20, 50-51, 128, 138 falciformis 18 fenestratus 18 flavidus 1 8 flavus 18 fontinalis 16, 17, 20, 52-54, 128, 148 franciscanus 4, 16, 17, 19, 29-32, 134 fuscus 20, 47-49, 142 gracilis 54 grandis 10, 16, 19, 44-47, 128, 140 harrimani 4, 19, 24-27, 128, 130 inermis 49-50, 128 kincaidi 17, 19, 40-42, 128, 140 maculatus.io, 16, 19, 34-38, 136 megachaetus 19 mirabilis 20 montanus 18 nanus 20, 51-52 niveus 18 obscurus 19, 32-34, 138 orcae 17, 19, 39-40, 148 pedatus 4, 10, 16, 17, 20, 55-57, 128, 144 penicillus 19, 42-44, 144 primaevus 20 setchelli 19, 27-29, 128, 134 setosus 19 solifugus 4, 16, 20, 59-61, 140, 142 synopsis of species 18-20 tigrina 18 onalaskas 18, 20-21, 128 vegae 15, 19, 38-39, 132 Metachone 179, 190, 216 mollis 179, 180, 190, 216, 328 picta 216 Metalaonome 178, 192, 287 mariae 178, 192 Metavermilia 179, 220, 223 multicristata 179, 220, 223 nigropileata 176 Michaelsena II, 73 monochaeta 73 paucispina 73, 74 INDEX 35i Michaelsena subtilis 73 synopsis of species 73 Myxicola 188 affinis i So, 218, 334 conjuncta 180, 217-218, 310, 334 glacialis 180, 218-219, 302, 308, 310. 334 infundibulum 188 ommatophora 175 pacifica 172, 218 platychaeta 173 steenstrupi 217, 218, 334 Notaulax 191 rectangulatus 191 species ? (191) Ocnerodrilus occidentalis 76 Omphalopoma 224 cristata 224 fimbriata (224) langerhansii (174), (224) spinosa (224) umbilicata 175, 224 Omphalopomopsis 224 langerhansii 174, 224 Oria 184, 189 armandi 189 limbata 176 Oriopsis 189 metchnikowi 189 Papillae, copulatory 4 penial 4 sexual 5 Parachonia 184, 190 letterstedti 190 Paradexiospira 256 Paralaeospira 256 Paralaonome 178, 191, 197 antarctica 176 japonica 173, 178, 191, 197, 198 Parasabella 178, 186, 191, 199-200, 202 maculata 179, aoi, 314, 324, 325, 326, 330 media 178, 179, 191, 199, 200-201, 312, 325, 326, 328, 333 microphthalma 200 species ? 180, 201 Paravermilia 179, 221, 223 bennudensis 179, 221, 223 Penial bulb 4 chamber 5 papillae 4 Peptonephridia 5 Phragmatopoma 225 caudata 225 Pileolaria 257, 258, 261 granulata (257) militaris (257), (258), (261) Piratesa 227 nigroannulata 227 Placostegopsis 221 langerhansi 221 Placostegus 221, 288 ben th ali an us (177) caeruleus 177 cariniferus 177 crystallina (221) fimbriatus (223) langerhansi (221) mSrchii (177), (179), (226), (287) ornatus 175, (176) porosus 175 species ? 176 taeniatus 178 tricuspidatus (221) tridentatus 221, 288 umbilicatus (175) Polybostrichus 170 Polyp hragma 225 Pomatoceros 222 auritubis 174 bucephalus 175 elephus 178 helicoides 174 strigiceps (177) tetraceros (175), (177) tricuspis (222) triquetra 222 Pomatostegus 222 actinocerus 175 bower bank! 178 krGyeri 172, 236 latiscapus 174 macrosoma (222) stellata 222 strigiceps 177 352 INDEX Potamilla (191), 192, (192), (193). 202, 203, 204 acuminata 173 malmgreni (203) myriops (173) neglecta 192, 203 oculifera (204) oligophthalmos (175) poljophthalmos (175) reniformis (172), (178), (185), (203) suavis (173) tenuitorquus (174) torelli (i73)» (203) tortuosa 204 Potamis 193 malmgreni 203 spathiferus 193, 203 Protis 227, 229 arctica 229 coecus 227 simplex 227, 229 Protoplacostegus 179, 226, 287 morchii 177, 179, 226, 287 Protula 227, 228 alba 228 arctica (229) atypha 180, 228-229, 332 diomedese 228 dystera (226) geniculata 173 intestinum (227), 228 media 228 rudolphi 227 tubularia 228 Protulides 184, 185, 190 elegans 184, 185, 190 Protulopsis 227, 228 intestinum 227, 228 nigra-nucha 175, 227 Pseudopotamilla 178, 193, 203-204, 205 debilis 180, 204, 330 myriops 173 oculifera 193, 324, 325, 326, 332, 333 oligophthalmos 175 polyophthalmos 175 reniformis 172, 178, 185, 193, 203, 204 Pseudopotamilla suavis 173 Psygmobranchus 227 ccecus (227) multicostatus (227) protensus (227) Rhodopsis 179, 223, 289 pusillus 179, 223, 289-390 Romanchella 256, 262 perrieri (258) Sabella 183, 185-186, 187, 188, 192, 193- 194, 204 acrophthalmos 174 analytical table 188-193 armata (177) aulaconota 173 ceratodaula (177) crassicornis 194 elegans 179, 194-195, 310. 3", 324, 326, 333 formosa 179, 196-197, 312, 325, 326, 328, 330 fullo 173 fusca (177) grandis (177) havaica (173), 199 humilis 179, 195, 312, 330 indica (186) japonica 173 leptalea 179, 195-196, 312, 324, 325, 326 magelhaensis 176 magnifica (186) manicata (174) melanostigma (194) microphthalma (200) neglecta (203) notata (174) pavonina 192, 193, 194 phaeotsenia (173) picta (216) porifera (174) punctulata (177) pyrrhogaster (174) reniformis (172), (203), (204) samoensis 176 saxicava 204 species ? 176 INDEX 353 Sabella spectabilis (174) sulcata (177) tilosaulus (175) tricolor 173 Vancouver! (172), (197) velata (177) volutacornis (184) zebuensis (174) Sabellaria virgin! 225 Sabellastarte 186, 192, 197 indica 186, 192, 197 japonica (197), (198) magnifica 186 spectabilis (174) Sabellides 183-219 Salivary glands 5 Salmacina 226, 257 sedificatrix 226 australis 177 coccus (227) dystera (226) incrustans 226, 257 multicostatus 227 Schizobranchia 178, 186, 193, 197, 205- 206 affinis 179, 205, 209, 324, 328 concinna 179, 205, 208, 304, 314. 326, 328 dubia 179, 205, 208-209, 314. 3*6, 324. 330. 332 insignia 170, 178, 179, 193, 205, 206- 207, 306, 312, 314, 328 nobilis 179, 205, 207, 306, 314, 324, 328 Schizocraspedon 179, 225, 287 furcifera 175, 179, 225, 287 Sclerostyla 224 ctenactis 224 zelandica 177, 232 Septal glands 5 Serpula 219, 221-227, 232, 240, 241, 254 actinocerus (175) analytical table 221-227 chrysogyrus (175), (221) columbiana 172, 232 dianthus (235) filigrana (177) fimbriata (223) gigantea (222) Serpula granulosa 174 implexa (226) jukesii 174, 177, 231 magellanica 176 narconensis 176 ornatus (175) philippensis (175) porrecta (243) quadricornis (175) rugosa (264) splendens 180, 229, 230-332, 238, 310, 316, 318, 325, 328, 333, 336 tricornigera (175) tridentatus (221) triquetra (221), (222), (229) vasifera 177 vermicularis 176, 224 zelandica (177), (232) zygophora (172), (233) Serpulides 219-268 Sexual papillae 5 Spermatheca 5 Spermiducal apparatus 5 Sperm-sacs 5 Spirobranchus 222-223 brachycera 178 giganteus 222 incrassatus 173, 236, (236), 326, 332, 333 morchi 178 occidentalis 220 pseudoincrassatus 236 quadricornis 175 rostratus 178 semperi 175 tricornigerus 175 Spirographis 184, 192 australiensis 177 spallanzanii 192 Spirorbis 172, 219, 222, 236-237, 252- 268, 288-289, 3l8 abnormis 180, 245-246, 254, 260, 262, 268, 337, 338 affinis (241), (264) aggregates 176, 260, 261, 266 albus 265 analytical tables 260-262 antarcticus 264 argutus 174, 250-251, 260, 262, 267 354 INDEX Spirorbis armoricanus 258, 260,261 , 266 asperatus 180, 245, 253, 260, 262, 268, 314, 318 bellulus 174, 250, 260, 262, 267 beneti 260, 261, 265 bernardi 260, 261, 267 borealis (222), (236), 255, (255), 257, (258), (262) cancellatus 248, 260, 261, 263, 337, 338 carinatus 241, (246), 248,249, 260, 263, (264), (265) chilensis 176, 260, 264 claparedei 176, 260, 261, 266 cotnmunis 248, 260, 263 comptus i So, 244-245, 260, 261, 268 conicus 248 cornuarietis 239, 260, 261, 264, 288 corrugatus 248, (250), 257, 260, 263, (267) dorsatus 174, 250, 260, 267 evolutus 251, 260, 261, 268 eximius 180, 239, 260, 261, 267, 336 fabricii (264) foraminosus 174, 250, 260, 262, 267 formosus 251-252, 254, 260, 262, 268, 336 granulatus (241), 242, 246, 247, (247), (249), 253, 256, 260, 261, 262, 263, (264), (265), (266), 338 green landicus 243, (262) heterostrophus 248, 260, 263 incisus 178, 246, 265 incongruus 180, 241, 260, 261, 267, 338 inversus 181, 246, 260, 268 kcehleri 260, 261, 266 laevis 254, 257, 258, 260, 261, 265 lamellosus 178, 246, 264 langerhansi 173, 240, 260, 261, 267 lebruni 176, 260, 261, 266 levinseni 176, 260, 261, 266 lineatus 180, 242, 260, 261, 267, 336 lucidus 170, 179, 241, 243, 257, (262), 312, 324, 336, 338 malar di 260, 261, 266 marioni 173, 239, 260, 261, 266, 336, 338 mediterraneus 260, 261, 266 Spirorbis militaris 247, 258, 260, 261, 265 minutus 248, 263 montagui 264 morchi 170, 180, 240, 260, 261, 265, 332 mutabilis 252, 260, 261, 268, 289 nautiloides (262), (265) nordenskjoldi 176, 260, 267 pagenstecheri 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 265 patagonicus 176, 260, 261, 266 perrieri 176, 258, 260, 262, 266 plicatus 264 ponticus 264 porosus 265 porrecta (243), (262) pseudocorrugatus 248, 250, 260, 261, 267 pusilloides 250, 254, 255, 260, 261, 267 pusillus 250, 258, 264, (267) quadrangularis 170, 180, 241-242, 247. 253, 260, 261, 264, 337, 338, 339 rugatus 1 80, 241, 243-244, 260, 261, 268, 316, 328 semidentatus 180, 237-238, 253, 260, 261, 267, 312 similis 180, 242, 260, 261, 268, 316, 336, 338 simplex 265 sinistrorsus 260, 263, (266) species ? (264), 338 spirillum 170, 179, 180, 243, 253, 254. (255). 260, 261, (262), 262, (265) spirorbis 222, 236, 253, 254, 255, 258, 260, 261, 262, 337, 338 stimpsoni 250, 253, 260, 261, 265, 337. 338 sulcatus 247, 249, 260, 261, 263 transversus 263 tricostalis 178, 264 tridentatus 181, 246, 260, 268 tubaeformis 251, 260, 261, 268, 336 validus 246, 247, 249, 253, 254, 256, 260, 262, 265, 332, 333 INDEX 355 Spirorbis variabilis 180, 338, 254, 260, 261,267, 316, 336, 338 verruca 247, 260, 261, 264, (265) violaceus 170, 180, 242-243, 247, 260, 261, 266 vitreus 247-248, 260, 261, 263 zelandicus 177, 264 Stercutus 12, 13, 74 Terebella stellata (222) Tubicolous Annelids 167-339 analytical tables 188-193, 221-227 bibliography 269-286 families and genera 170-171 geographic distribution 172-178 new genera 178-179 new species 179-181 plates and plate descriptions 300- 339 Sabellides 183-219 Serpulides 219-268 species previously recorded 172- 178 Tubus vermicularis (224) Types and cotypes, disposition 3 Ventral glands 5 Vermetus porosus (175) Vermilia 220, 222 agglutinata (223) caespitosa (177) clavigera (223) ctenophora (173) dinema (222) infundibulum (220) multicostata (223) multicristata (179), (220), (223) multivaricosa (220), (223) nigropileata (176), 220 pluriannulata (173) polytrema 220 rosea (177) rostratus (178) serrula (224) species ? (176) spirorbis (220) strigiceps (177) taeniatus (178) triquetra 220, 222 Vermiliopsis 220, 223 agglutinata 223 multivaricosa 220, 223 Zopyrus 224-225 koempferi 177 loveni 176, 224 species ? 176 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book Slip-Series 45* N9 931139 Q Harriman Alaska expedi- 115 tion. H32 Harriman Alaska series, v.12 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS