73,HZ39 BOS60-9

W. G. FARLOW

HARVARD BOTANICAL MEMOIRS

i

AT a meeting of the Botanical Department held
Oct. 20, 1903, the following vote was passed:

‘*“ Under the head of Harvard Botanical Memoirs it is
proposed to include all quarto publications issuing from
the Gray Herbarium, the Cryptogamic Herbarium, and
the Botanical Laboratories of Harvard University, including
theses presented for the degrees of Ph.D. and S.D. in Botany.
Inasmuch as some of the future publications are likely to be
continuations of subjects treated in quarto papers already
published, it seemed desirable to begin the numbering of the
Memoirs with the year 1880, the date of the first quarto
publication of any member of the botanical staff at present
connected with Harvard University.”

At a meeting on Nov. 25, 1916, it was voted to dis-
continue the series of Botanical Memoirs. In all, nine
numbers have been issued, the titles of which are given
below.

I. The Gymnosporangia or Cedar-Apples of the United States.
By W. G. Farlow. Anniversary Memoirs, Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist. 1880. Pp. 38. Pls. 1 and 2.

II. The Entomopthoreae of the United States. By Roland
Thaxter. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, No. 6. Pp.
133-201. Pls. 14-21. April, 1888.

III. The Flora of the Kurile Islands. By K. Miyabe. Mem.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1V, No. 7. Pp. 203-275. Pl. 22.
Feb. 1890.

IV. A North American Anthurus: its Structure and Development.
By Edward A. Burt. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., IT,
No. 14. Pp. 487-505. Pls. 49 and 50. Oct. 1894.

V. Contribution towards a Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae.
By Roland Thaxter. Mem. American Acad. of Arts and
Sci. Boston. XII, No. 3. Pp. 189-429. Pls. 1-26.
Presented May 8, 1895. Issued Oct. 14, 1896.

VI. The Development, Structure, and Affinities of the Genus
Equisetum. By Edward C. Jeffrey. Mem. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., V. No. 5. Pp. 155-190. Pls. 26-30. April,
1899.

ferales, Part I. The Genus Sequoia. By Edward C.
Jeffrey. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., V, No. 10. Pp.
441-459. Pls. 68-71. Nov. 1903.
VIII. The Comparative Anatomy and Phyllogeny of the Coni-
ferales, Part II. The Abietineae. By Edward C. Jeffrey.
Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, No. 1. Pp. 1-37. Pls.
1-7. Jan. 1905.
IX. Contributions towards a Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae,
Part II. By Roland Thaxter. Mem. American Acad. of
Arts and Sci., XIII, No. 6. Pp. 219-469. Pls. 28-71.
June, 1908.

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CONTRIBUTION TOWARD
A MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. PART II:

More than ten years have elapsed since the publication in these Memoirs of the writer’s first “‘Con-
tribution toward a Monograph of the Laboulbeniacez”? and during this period material of the family
has accumulated so rapidly and so many noyelties have been discovered, that he has been tempted to
defer from year to year the publication of an illustrated account of the many new species enumerated
in the six preliminary papers that have appeared in the Proceedings of the Academy between 1899 and
1905. An adequate treatment in a single paper of this mass of material has thus become impracticable ;
and in order to set some limit to the plates it has been necessary in general to illustrate the species by
single figures, or at most two figures of adults, without attempting, except in a few instances, adequately
to represent the development, or the variations of the forms considered. In many cases one, or even
more plates might well have been devoted to the development and variation of a single species, espe-
cially in the genus Laboulbenia. Every effort has been made, however, to give accurate figures, and it is
hoped that they may, in connection with the diagnoses, render the determination of the species com-
paratively easy. Although it has seemed undesirable to cut the diagnoses, which have all been revised
and in many cases rewritten, it has been necessary, in order to reduce as far as possible the expense of
publication, to make the preliminary account as brief as possible, and to omit a host index and certain
other parts that might well have been included.

For the purpose of gaining a more complete knowledge of exotic forms the writer has twice visited
Europe, and has examined portions of the large collections in the British Museum, the Laboratories
of Entomology of the Museums of Natural History at Paris and at Berlin, the Hope Collection at Ox-
ford and the Sharp Collection of Staphylinide ete., at Cambridge, now in the British Museum. Cer-
tain forms have also been obtained from the Museum of Natural History at Florence, and the National
Museum at Washington. Material is also due to the courtesy of friends and correspondents who have
sent insects for examination, while a considerable number of new forms have been obtained by the writer
in New England and in Florida. Nearly three hundred and fifty forms are herewith illustrated, in-
creasing to about five hundred the total number of species and varieties thus far described, which
are included in more than fifty genera. Since the completion of the accompanying plates in 1905,
considerably more than one hundred additional new species have already accumulated, derived from
various sources; but for the most part gathered by the writer in 1905-6 during a journey in tem-
perate South America. It is his expectation to publish figures and descriptions of these new forms
with as little delay as possible, and in the meantime he will feel greatly indebted to the kindness of
any correspondents who may communicate additional material. He desires in this connection to ex-

1 This Memoir is numbered IX in the series of ‘‘Harvard Botanical Memoirs.’”’
2 Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XII, No. 3, p. 195-429. Plates 1-26.

219

220 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

press his great obligations to those who have already aided him in this manner, and to Mr. Charles
Bullard in particular, who is one of the few persons that has recognized these parasites on their hosts,
and to whom we owe the discovery of several of the most interesting genera and species. To Pro-
fessor H. M. Richards he is indebted for a small lot of beetles from Java on which several interesting
forms were found; to Prof. C. V. Piper for certain flies and beetles collected in Washington; to Dr.
W. Horn of Berlin for the communication of specimens of Tetracha from Ecuador infested by La-
boulbenia variabilis; to Dr. A. F. Blakeslee for a small collection of insects from Venezuela; to Dr.
Dahl of the Berlin Museum for calling his attention to the occurrence of these parasites on the dip-
terous insects collected by him near New Guinea; to Mr. Samuel Henshaw for the determination of
hosts and for many other favors; to Mr. Coquillett for his kindness in determining Diptera; to Dr.
David Sharp for the privilege of examining his private collections and for many kindnesses; to Pro-
fessor Poulton of Oxford and to the gentlemen in charge of the European collections above men-
tioned, and to the staffs of the several laboratories visited, for similar favors and courtesies. He
is also greatly indebted to several other persons whose generous assistance has made the present publica-

tion possible.

Harvarp UNIverRsItTy, JANUARY, 1908.

In the first part of the present series, which the writer hopes to continue by the addition of further
numbers, an account was given of the general history, literature, morphology etc. of the Laboulbeniacez,
or Laboulbeniales, as, in conformity with modern usage, they may be conveniently designated, and to
this paper reference should be made for a comprehensive review of the subject. In the present connec-
tion it is the purpose of the writer, before proceeding to a systematic consideration of the species and
genera herewith illustrated, to give a brief review, only, of the literature which has appeared since 1895,
and to make only such comments on the morphology, development, ete. as may seem necessary in view
of the new data now available. ;

References to the Laboulbeniales have, within the last decade, become more frequent in the gen-
eral literature of Mycology and in botanical texts, than was formerly the case, and in the numerous
discussions which have appeared, dealing with the origin of the Ascomycetes and higher fungi, and
the vexed question of their sexuality, one finds as a rule, at least a perfunctory reference to them.
Papers, however, which advance our knowledge of them in any respect have not been very numerous,
as the following list will show.

F. Cavara, Malpighia, Vol. XIII, p. 173, 1899, with plate, describes a new genus, Rickia, growing
on ants in Europe, the single species, R. Wassmanni, haying been subsequently distributed in Rehm,
Ascomyceten No. 1451. The species is described at some length and numerous figures are given.
This author, misled by the close resemblance which the general appearance of the compound anthe-
ridia of Rickia bear to those of the ordinary simple type, places the genus in the ‘Laboulbeniacez”’
as limited in the appended Key to the Genera. In discussing other general matters connected with
the group, it is further suggested that these plants are not in reality parasites, but live saprophytically,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACES, 221

that the ‘‘foot” is merely a means of attachment, and that the appendages are the true absorbing
organs; an opinion to which reference will be made below.

P. Speiser, in connection with his studies of the Nycteribidee, publishes in the Berichte d.d. Botan.
Gesell., Vol. XVIII, p. 498, 1900, a note on the geographical distribution of Helminthophana (Arthro-
rhynchus), enumerating the species on which these fungi have been observed, and recognizing but
one species in the genus. Further notes concerning this paper may be found under Arthrorhynchus.

C. Spegazzini in the Annales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, Tomo VIII, p. 79, 1902, gives
a description of a species of Laboulbenia which he calls L. Argentinensis, occurring on “‘ Brachinus,”
further reference to which will be found under Laboulbenia decipiens below.

The writer has published a note in Science, N. 5. XVII, p. 463, 1903, which is a summary of a
brief paper on the genus Herpomyces read at the mecting of the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science of the preceding year.

P. Baccarini, in Appendici al Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano, Vol. XI, p. 225, 1904, describes
and figures two new forms on Gamaside, one, ““Rhachomyces’’ Berlesiana, closely related to Rickia
and Distichomyces, and possibly belonging to one of these genera; the other, Laboulbenia Napoleonis.
The generic characters of these forms are not exactly determinable from the figures and descriptions
given.

L. Errera in the Recueil de |’Institut botanique, Bruxelles, Tome I, p. 344, 1905, reports the presence
of glycogen in the cells of Stigmatomyces Musce.

J. H. Faull in Science, N. S. XXIII, pp. 184 and 152, 1906, publishes a preliminary note on the
Ascus and Spore-formation in Laboulbeniacez, in which he states that these processes agree in all
essentials with those which occur in other typical Ascomycetes.

Lastly six preliminary descriptive papers have been published by the writer in the Proceedings
of this Academy and were issued in December 1889, April 1900, March and June 1901, June 1902,
and July 1905 respectively. Other contributions, if such exist, have not been brought to my attention.

It is needless to remark that so large an addition to the Laboulbeniales as is herewith presented
has thrown new light on various points relating to their general morphology and development, and
necessitates some modification, for example, in the conceptions of generic types, the absolute distine-
tions between series, etc. It has not, however, proved necessary to modify essentially the general
account previously given, and in the following pages no attempt will be made to review these matters
comprehensively, except in so far as they have been modified or elucidated by the additional data
now available. It has been found convenient in this review, to adopt the same sequence of topics
formerly employed, beginning with the

Spore Characters. Amorphomyces still remains the only genus in which a simple spore replaces
the hyalodidymous form characteristic of all the other genera, and the reference of A. Floridanus to
its proper place under the new genus Dioicomyces, shows that this simple character in the spore is
correlated with an absence of any appendage, or sterile cell, connected with the primary receptacle;
a condition found in no other instance. he only spore modification of interest that has been observed
among the hyalodidymous forms, is found in the last mentioned genus; the spore-septum of which
is more or less conspicuously oblique (Plate XLII, figs. 17 and 29) and this genus also, as may be
seen by reference to the figures cited, illustrates in a striking fashion, the differentiation which may

222 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

be apparent between the male and female spores in dicecious genera. It may be here remarked that
the cytological phenomena in this connection, which lead up to the sexual differentiation and pairing
in the ascus of these male and female spores, is likely to prove of unusual interest.

Moschomyces and Compsomyces remain the only genera in which the presence of octosporic ascl
has been definitely determined. The writer has been unable to satisfy himself, however, that this is not
also the condition in Herpomyces. If this were actually the case, it would involve the curious phenom-
enon of absolute sex differentiation in the last mitosis, which would not necessarily occur in a four spored
ascus.

In almost all the species the first step in germination consists, after the spore has become attached,
or even before, in the formation of the familiar hoof-like organ of attachment and absorption, the foot:
an indurated, firmly attached, blackened rim, surrounding a thin membrane which is in direct contact
with the surface of the host and through which materials are absorbed into its cavity, the latter being, as
a rule, in direct communication with that of the basal cell of the receptacle; although, in some instances
at least, it is evidently separated by a septum, Plate XLIX, fig. 16.

The nature of this foot may be somewhat variable. In Coreomyces, for example, it may be modi-
fied to form a spreading, almost rhizoidal structure, Plate LXXI, fig. 14, of characteristic appearance
somewhat similar to that of Zodiomyces. The most striking departure from the normal type, however,
is seen in a relatively small number of species, and was illustrated in the writer’s earlier Monograph (Mos-
chomyces and Rhizomyces). In these instances the parasite obtains its nourishment directly from the
body-cavity of the host by means of a penetrating intrusion. Such intrusions are usually associated with
growth on a thin or soft integument. Thus Moschomyces, in which the penetrating organ expands to
form a cellular cushion, grows on the thin integument beneath the elytra, or at the bases of the legs of
its otherwise hard-shelled host. But the most striking instances of this nature are seen in forms which
live on soft bodied Diptera, and produce a more or less well developed filamentous rhizoidal apparatus.
In Dimeromyces rhizophorus the thin skin on the under surface of the abdomen of a small fly is perforated,
as is shown in Plate XXVIII, figs. 6-8, and a stout tapering filament extends some distance into the
semi-fluid contents of the abdomen, furcate in the female, and simple in the male individual. A beauti-
fully developed branching rhizoid is seen in Ceraiomyces Dahli, Plate XLII, fig. 4, and a still more
copiously branched organ of this nature is present in the species of Arthrorhynchus, the copious and
intricate branching of which is merely suggested in Plate XLVIII, fig. 2.

It is a remarkable fact that the presence or absence of such penetrating organs is not necessarily an
attribute of all the species of a given genus, or even of those which grow on the same, or similar hosts.
Thus Ceratomyces Selene and Rhizomyces crispatus both possess a typical foot, although all the other
species of these genera are rhizophorous. Dimeromyces rhizophorus, moreover, is the only species in a
considerable genus, which has this character; although the closely allied D. coarctatus grows under
exactly the same conditions in the same position on a similar soft bodied host. In the genus Stigmato-
myces, the species of which with few exceptions occur on soft bodied flies, not a single instance of this
nature is known, nor does Laboulbenia Hageni, on the delicate integument of the soft bodied Termites,
develop any intrusion from the normal foot figured, from below, in Plate III, fig. 4, of the former Mono-
graph. An isolated instance in which the usual foot is combined with a penetrating organ, occurs in the
genus erpomyces, all the species of which possess slender simple rhizoidal threads, which penetrate

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. Papers

the host-integument from the foot itself, and are similar in all respects to the rhizoids developed from
the cells of the remarkable creeping secondary receptacles which characterize all the species of this genus.

Although forms in which these organs replace the ordinary foot do not appear to gain any very ap-
preciable advantage as regards nutrition, at least in so far as is indicated by size or luxuriance, there can
be no doubt whatever that their function is one of absorption; since they are thin-walled, with dense
protoplasmic contents, and are not developed in such form as one would expect were their function
that of holdfasts merely. ‘That they combine the office of holdfasts with that of absorbing organs is, how-
ever, manifest; since otherwise the individuals would be easily detached. Thus in Arthrorhynchus,
as indicated in figs. 2 and 7, Plate XLVIII, and in Ceraivomyces Dahli, Plate XLIII, figs. 3-4, a
somewhat abrupt swelling of the rhizoid immediately within the host-integument makes the removal of
an individual impossible without breakage, either of the host or of the parasite, and in Dimeromyces
rhizophorus the same end is attained by the abrupt divergence of the two branches to which the rhizoid
immediately divides on entering the body cavity. Cavara, in his paper above cited, criticises the writer
for having given scant attention to this matter of the method of food absorption, having apparently over-
looked such references as were made to the subject (Monograph, pp. 204-5). The theory advanced by
Cavara that the appendages are the organs of absorption, would seem untenable even were it not true
that appendages are sometimes wholly absent in these plants; since a majority of the forms come in no
immediate contact with water, except such as may be condensed on the surface of the host, and it is not
probable that the material necessary for the growth of chlorophylless plants rich in fat ete., can be taken
from the air. In general, too, the appendages are surrounded by the same impermeable membrane that
covers the other portions of these plants, and would appear to afford ineffective organs of absorption,
even were the surrounding medium a favorable one for obtaining food materials. The rigid limitation
of species of Laboulbeniales to single genera, or even species, of insects, which holds in general through-
out the group, could hardly, it would seem, be explained on a basis of pure saprophytism; and although,
as previously stated, the growth of these plants is not associated with any appreciable injury to the host,
it is nevertheless a true parasitism of a typically obligate type. In this connection it may be mentioned
that one case has been observed in which definite injury is done to the abdomen of a soft bodied host. .
The instance referred to, however, is not one in which the parasite possesses an intrusive haustorium;
but was seen in a number of the small flies parasitized by large numbers of Dimeromyces coarctatus. In
these cases a definite lesion, so to speak, appeared to be associated with the presence of the parasites, and
was indicated by a brown discoloration and by a shriveled condition of the parts attacked.

The Structure of the Receptacle, although it is in general an uncertain guide in tracing general relation-
ships in the family and may in some instances vary very considerably in different species of the same
genus, or even in individuals of the same species, affords nevertheless characters of very considerable
diagnostic value. The large number of generic types herewith enumerated show so many variations and
combinations in this respect that it will not be possible in the present connection adequately to discuss
and compare them; yet certain of their types and general tendencies need to be mentioned, in
order that the conditions hereafter illustrated may be properly understood. It was formerly pointed
out in the earlier Monograph that the vegetative body of these plants, like that of the Red Seaweeds, is
in general reducible to a system of branching filaments which, in the present instance, is chiefly peculiar

from the fact that the system is, or tends to become, determinate in given genera and species, and that

224 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

this determinate character is absolute, as a rule, in the more highly specialized portions of the thallus, like
the perithecia and compound antheridia. In considering the variations of the receptacle, it is thus con-
venient to distinguish in a general way, those forms which are determinate, as in Stigmatomyces, Cera-
tomyces ete., from those in which, as a result of secondary cell divisions, whether terminal or intercalary,
the cell-number becomes more or less variable, as in Ecteinomyces, Dichomyces etc. In the second of these
types, two categories may be further distinguished; namely those in which the indeterminate character
results from an intercalary division of the main axis, a condition well illustrated by Dimeromyces pin-
natus, Plate XXIX, fig. 16, and secondly those in which the secondary production of cells is due to the
development of branches, or secondary axes, such as occur in Kainomyces, Monoicomyces, Dimorphomyces,
Dichomyces and other genera, usurping the function of the primary receptacle by giving rise to perithecia,
or antheridia, or both.

It is thus convenient to distinguish types which possess a primary receptacle, only, corresponding to
the original axis of the basal spore-segment, and immediately concerned in the production of procarpic
branches; from those in which the primary receptacle, though present, is sterile; the production of
sexual organs being relegated to secondary axes which branch laterally from it and may be distinguished
as secondary receptacles. Among genera of the first category, in which the primary receptacle is determi-
nate and fertile, those types in which the latter consist of two superposed cells are the most common, and
of these the simplest condition is illustrated by Amorphomyces. In neither sex of this dicecious genus is
it associated with sterile cells or appendages; the type being quite anomalous in possessing a continuous
spore, from which the procarp in the female, as well as the antheridium in the male, develop terminally.
In no other genus is the axis of the procarp continuous with that of the primary receptacle, although, as
in Kainomyces, it may sometimes bear this relation to its branches. This condition is directly depend-
ent on the fact that in all other genera, even in the very closely related Dzovcomyces, the spore is once-
septate, the distal segment becoming a “primary appendage,” which is either sterile, or is concerned in
the production of antheridia. This condition is illustrated on the one hand by Dioicomyces, the species
of which possess a two-celled receptacle surmounted by a sterile portion corresponding to the distal
spore-segment and bearing the procarp laterally; and on the other by such genera as Eucantharomyces,
Stigmatomyces, Corethromyces and many others, in which the terminal spore-segment produces an antheri-
dial appendage of varying complexity.

Instances in which the primary receptacle is two-celled and sterile, are found in both the moncecious
and dicecious genera, and by far the most remarkable illustration of this condition is seen in Herpomyces,
in which the perithecia are borne on secondary receptacles that are more clearly differentiated than in any
other instance. In the female individuals of the species of this genus, Plates XXXIX—XLI, a variable
number of branches may thus arise, which originating as simple cylindrical filaments, soon become cellu-
lar, forming secondary receptacles which creep more or less extensively, or are variably multiplied in
different species by branching; perforating the host-integument, as has been above described, by means
of thread-like rhizoids which render these structures independent of the original foot as far as their food-
supply is concerned. This peculiar condition is in general confined to the female individuals, although
in H. Ectobie@ it is equally prominent in the male. Branches which become adherent to the host have
been described in no other instance, although they are known to the writer in one other peculiar dicecious

genus as yet undescribed, but it is not difficult to imagine that such a condition might either have origi-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEE., 225

nated from, or, on the other hand, have been modified to form conditions such as are found, for example,
in Dimorphomyces, and especially in D. Myrmedonia, Plate XXVIII, fig. 14, in which the elongate second-
ary axis, projecting as it does laterally, and at right angles, from the short primary receptacle, may rest
against the surface of the host, although it does not become attached to it... Of forms in which both male
and female organs occur on the same branches, Monoicomyces furnishes a striking example well illustrated
by M. St. Helene, Plate XXXVI, fig. 8, in which they are more than usually elongated.

In this connection attention should be called to certain forms in which the primary receptacle is
obliterated at a very early period by the growth of its fertile branch which has the appearance of being
directly continuous with it, the two axes becoming coincident. This condition is found in all species of
Rhachomyces, Plates XLIV and XLV, and accounts for the apparently simple axis in most normal indi-
viduals of Monoicomyces Leptochiri, Plate XXXIV, fig. 39. Among other forms having two-celled recep-
tacles, which seem to belong in this general category, two other genera need special mention, namely
Moschomyces and Compsomyces, in which the secondary perithecial axes are single appendiculate cells,
continuous with and hardly distinguished from the perithecial stalk-cells, so that the perithecium appears
to be borne on a double stalk-cell. A somewhat similar condition is seen elsewhere only in the perithecial
branches which arise from the massive receptacles of Zodiomyces and Euzodiomyces.

Turning now to instances in which the basal spore-segment becomes divided more than once to form
the primary receptacle, a variety of conditions may be found, but the same general distinctions previ-
ously outlined may be recognized. ‘Thus the primary receptacle may be determinate or indeterminate, and
the procarps may arise either directly from it, or from its more or less evident lateral branches.

Instances of determinate receptacles of more than two cells, from which the procarps arise directly,
are rare, and may be illustrated by the genus Ceratomyces as limited in the present paper, and by Autoz-
comyces, Plates LXVIII-LXX. Whether the peculiar genus Teratomyces, Plate XLYX-L, might not
be included here, is uncertain; since the exact origin of its perithecia is as yet unknown, although they
seem certainly not to arise from the third cell of the receptacle. Whether the cell above this should also
be regarded as a part of the primary receptacle, has not been determined, in the absence of a complete
series from the germinating spore; but both the perithecigerous and the appendiculate cells appear to
arise as proliferations from it. The conditions in Symplectromyces, are evidently similar, and the be-
ginning of this condition is perhaps illustrated by Idzomyces.

Of indeterminate receptacles from which procarps arise directly, one of the simplest types is seen
in the anomalous genus Chetomyces, formerly illustrated; but a complete series, in which the relations
between the ultimate products of the two spore-segments can be determined, has not as yet been examined.
In contrast to this form in which the number of secondary divisions is small, the cell-number thus varying
within restricted limits, Ecteznomyces may be mentioned as one in which differences due to secondary
elongation may be extreme, Plate LI, figs. 15-17, and a similar though less variable condition is illustrated
by Hydrophilomyces, Plate LXVIII, figs. 1-2. The female individuals of Dimeromyces, and even the
males, may also be thus secondarily modified, a condition strikingly illustrated by D. pinnatus, Plate
XXIX, fig. 16. Enarthromyces, among the moncecious forms with compound antheridia, affords another
instance of the same nature; but one in which the secondary elongation does not result, as in the last
mentioned instance, from continued division of the basal cell.

Among types in which the procarps are borne on branches which arise from indeterminate primary

226 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

receptacles, the most striking and peculiar is seen in Katnomyces, the massive receptacle of which gives
rise to lateral axes of superposed cells terminated by perithecia, Plate LXXI, figs. 20-21. Zodiomyces
and Euzodiomyces, both conspicuous for their massive receptacles, also produce their perithecia termi-
nally on short branches, as has. been already mentioned. A very peculiar type which seems to belong here,
although no young material has been examined, is seen in Clematomyces, Plate XLIII, fig. 1. Here a
stout main axis, consisting of a double row of cells, gives rise to a variable number of branches similar to
it in structure; but how much of the former corresponds to the basal spore segment it is not possible to say.

Lastly the genus Dichomyces which, by assuming a scale-like habit, has beautifully adjusted itself to
its life on the abdomen of a swiftly running host, illustrates a condition in which a seemingly broadly
muticellular primary receptacle consists in reality of a central and invariable axis of superposed cells,
corresponding to the basal spore segment, which produces branches right and left above the basal cell,
in many species symmetrically paired. Although these branches may be variably united to one another
above and below, and thus give the appearance of a cellular mass, they may in other cases be almost
wholly free, especially the upper pair, as is well illustrated by D. biformis, Plate XXXIII, fig. 3. The
genera Peyritschiella, Limnaiomyces, Chitonomyces and Hydreomyces are all more or less evidently
similar in the development of their receptacles. In the very closely allied genera Rickia and Distich-
omyces, Which, however, form a well marked group by themselves, the development of the receptacles,
which is given in some detail below under these genera, although of a different character from that of the
Dichomyces-type, is similarly resolvable into series of coherent branches.

Before leaving the subject of receptacles, attention should be called to certain peculiar modifications
of the basal cell which are evidently protective, acting as supports or buffers, and consist of more or less
indurated outgrowths, most conspicuously illustrated by Kleidiomyces, Plate XXXVII, fig. 3, and to a
less extent by Corethromyces Stilici, Plate L, figs. 6-9. A similar supporting and protective function is
no doubt served by the blackened fork-like upgrowths from either side of the subterminal tier in many
species of Dichomyces, Plate XXXII, although these structures, beg modified tips of lateral branches,
are morphologically quite different. In this connection the remarkable extension of the basal cell in
species of Dimorphomyces, and especially in D. Myrmedonia, Plate XXVIII, fig. 14, should be referred
to, forming as they do a continuous supporting margin below the laterally developed sympodial peri-
thecigerous branch. The small beginnings of conditions such as the two first above mentioned, are to
be found in such occasional modifications as were formerly described and figured in connection with
Laboulbenia Philontht and Compsomyces verticillatus, Monograph, Plates XI, fig. 13 and XXII, fig. 28,
and the foot-like modification of the receptacle in various species of Ceratomyces undoubtedly serve a
similar purpose.

Appendages. An appendage of some kind is present in all genera with the single exception of Amorph-
omyces, Which in this, as in other respects, is the simplest known generic type. In all others, the spore
being two-celled, the distal segment is transformed into a structure corresponding to a primary appendage,
although in male individuals of unisexual types having simple antheridia, like Dioicomyces, the distal
segment may be transformed directly and in toto to an antheridium. ‘The new genera here included
offer few general types not described in the former Monograph; but certain ones need special mention,
which may be more conveniently made in connection with a brief review of the more important types of

antheridia. The distinction between the primary appendages, which are always derived from the upper

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/E. Dak

spore-segment, and the secondary appendages having a different origin, is usually clearly recognizable;
but is sometimes obscured, as in the case of Teratomyces and Symplectromyces, above referred to, the
relation of the crowded appendiculate cells in these forms, to the terminal segment, being uncertain.

The new material now available illustrates more fully than was formerly possible the range of varia-
tion in the primary appendages. ‘The simplest type, a two-celled sterile prominence, is seen in female
individuals of Dioicomyces, and in other types may become complicated by further divisions, as well as
by the production of sterile branches; and may remain wholly sterile, or be concerned in the formation
of antheridia, or antheridial branches. The latter condition is that which is usually, though not always,
found in moneecious types; in which the primary receptacle is directly concerned in the production of
procarps. Thus in Stigmatomyces, or in Eucantharomyces, Plate XXXVIII, the primary appendage is
largely devoted to this purpose, while in Enarthromyces or in Coreomyces it is wholly sterile. Among
more highly developed primary appendages, those of Rhizomyces crispatus, Plate LI, fig. 19, and
Corethromyces Cryptobui, Plate LI, fig. 3, may be taken as illustrations; while many members of the
genus Laboulbenia, in which the stalk of the perithecium is combined with that of the appendage to
form a pseudo-receptacle, indicate perhaps the highest development of a primary appendage. This is
especially well illustrated, for example, by L. bicornis, Plate LXVII, fig. 1, or by L. spectabilis, Plate
LVI], fig. 12.

In a number of genera, not necessarily related, the primary appendage bears a characteristic spine-
like process, to which reference was made on page 209 of the Monograph. ‘This is especially conspicu-
ous in Haplomyces, Stigmatomyces, Arthrorhynchus and Acompsomyces, among others, and appears to be
nothing more than the persistent spore-apex, its presence thus marking the position of the absolute termi-
nation of the upper spore-segment. It is formed in all probability almost entirely from the attenuated
extremity of the mucous spore-sheath, which in such cases becomes indurated and persistent. In Her-
pomyces it is generally associated with a minute appendage of a different type, small, blackish and char-
acteristic in appearance, but probably of secondary origin. The spinous process may be terminal in the
adult appendage, lateral on a terminal antheridial cell, as in many species of Stigmatomyces, or intercalary
in position through the proliferation of the appendage beyond it, a condition seen also in species of Stig-
matomyces, as well as elsewhere.

The theory advanced by Cavara that these plants absorb their food materials by means of the ap-
pendages, has been referred to above. But there seems to be no reason whatever for believing that their
function is other than that formerly suggested, namely one primarily for protection, where they are suff-
ciently developed to perform this office, and for holding moisture about the perithecium or sexual organs;
as in forms, especially, that live on hosts frequenting moist situations, where water is sure to be condensed
upon their surface. That water is actually held in drops by the appendages is easily determined when
living hosts are collected under stones, or in other situations which favor the condensation of moisture;
yet, although there is perhaps a distinct tendency to a brush-like development of branches in forms thus
conditioned, the exceptions are marked; and any generalization in this connection would be unsafe.
Haplomyces, for example, inhabits a host, Bledius, that lives in moist burrows in mud or wet sand, and
is thus exposed for the most part to a nearly saturated atmosphere, yet the appendage is of the simplest
type, without sterile branches of any kind, although the closely allied Cantharomyces, living on the same

host is thus provided. Again Rhizomyces crispatus has already been referred to as an example in

228 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

which the appendage is remarkably developed, yet the host is a fly which may be assumed to spend most
of its life, at least, in the free air, although it is said to be riparian.

Male Sexual Organs. A general division of the Laboulbeniales was formerly made by the writer
on a basis of the differences which appeared to exist in the method of abjunction of the sperm-cells; those
in which the latter were endogenously formed, being discharged free from a specialized antheridial cell,
“Endogenze’’, and those in which they appeared to be exogenous branchlets, or segments of branchlets,
separated from the appendages, ‘““Exogene”. It appears somewhat doubtful, however, whether this
distinction can be as clearly drawn as was at first supposed, in view, particularly, of the conditions seen
in Coreomyces, a genus very remarkable in its structure and development. The antheridial cells in this
instance, are merely undifferentiated cells of secondary appendages arising as branches from special
cells of the receptacle lying below the origin of the procarp, and not corresponding to any portion of the
primary appendage, which is wholly obliterated during the development of the perithecium. As in
Rhynchophoromyces rostratus, (Monograph, Plate XXIV, figs. 21-24), the antheridial cells are in-
tercalary as well as undifferentiated; but in the present instance develop a short cylindrical neck through
which free sperm-cells are discharged very much as in the endogenous forms. That there is a gradual
transition, rather than a sharply defined line of demarcation between these two general types, is further
suggested by the conditions seen in Hydrophilomyces, the species of which were formerly included in
Ceratomyces. If the structures represented on Plate LXVIII, figs. 3-4, are in reality antheridia, we have
here a type that, although in many respects it corresponds closely to that of the Ceratomyces-group
which is likewise aquatic, discharges its sperm-cells free, from cells which are almost as distinctly spe-
cialized as are those, for example, of Compsomyces or of Ectetnomyces, Plates XLIII, fig. 12 and LI, fig.
18. The antheridia of Kainomyces and Euzodiomyces, genera the near relationship of which to Zodi-
omyces may be assumed, are as yet unknown, owing to the imperfect character of the material available.
Neither is the nature of the male elements absolutely determined in Ceratomyces, or in Autoicomyces, in
both of which they appear, however, to be segments of certain slender branchlets. The conditions exist-
ing in the genus Misgomyces also, which may be related to these forms, are still unknown; so that, as far
as any definite production of exogenous male elements is concerned, it must be confessed that it is defi-
nitely known only in Rhynchophoromyces and Zodiomyces. _ Until the exact conditions can be determined
in the cases above referred to, this general distinction must remain of doubtful value, and in attempt-
ing to construct a key which should at the same time indicate in a general way the relationships of the
genera, the main divisions have been based on the differentiated or undifferentiated character of the antheri-
dial cells, a distinction which, however, can be considered by no means absolute, since it might exclude
from the latter class Hydrophilomyces, a genus, as above suggested, apparently most nearly related to the
Ceratomyces-group.

A further general distinction was made in the group of so-called Endogenz, based on the compound
or simple nature of the antheridia: the simple type consisting of cells indeterminately placed, or more
or less definitely associated, free, or at least with free and independent efferent tubes; the compound
type involving not only the definite association of several or many antheridial cells in a determinate group,
specific in its character, but also a different method of discharge; the efferent tubes of all the antheridial
cells composing such an antheridium, opening into a common cavity, whence the sperm-cells make their

exit through a single opening or passage. Although this distinction appears to be almost absolute, and

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA, 229

seems to be entirely so as far as the cell relations in development are concerned, a single instance has
been found among the recently discovered genera in which the antheridial cells, although they almost
certainly originate as in typical compound antheridia, become ultimately free in a compact group, each
discharging independently; the cell below which they were formed and through which they would nor-
mally discharge by means of a common opening, being sloughed off and destroyed early in their devel-
opment. The genus Distichomyces in which the conditions just described appear to exist, is so closely
allied to Rickia that it might almost be included in it, yet in Rickia highly specialized compound antheridia
are present. Moreover the close relationship of both these genera to the group of genera assembled
about Peyritschiella, and possessing typical compound antheridia, cannot for a moment be questioned.
If therefore, one makes an absolute distinction based on the characters of the mature antheridium, as has
been done in the tentative key to the genera herewith appended, the genus Distichomyces would naturally
be sought among the “‘ Laboulbeniacez”’ where it certainly does not belong.

The type of the simple antheridium is in general a very constant one, although there may be a rather
wide variation in the minor characters, the form of the venter, length and curvature of the neck, and
the relative proportions of its two parts. The relations of the simple antheridia to one another, when
they occur in groups, was formerly emphasized as a matter of importance in distinguishing certain genera
and species, the serial arrangement being the most distinctive. The genus Stigmatomyces, to which
many species have recently been added, illustrates this condition very clearly, although in this highly
differentiated appendage, the antheridial cells are not always, or even usually, as was formerly stated,
superposed in a single row, as is the case in S. virescens, or S. purpureus, Plate XLVI, fig. 36; but a series
of sympodia is formed, each antheridial branchlet separating a basal cell, which in turn grows out directly
to form a second antheridium, so that the series is double at least in the lower portion of the appendage,
Plate XLIX, fig. 13. The lowest groups may even produce more than two antheridial cells, as in S.
constrictus, Plate XLVI, figs. 1-2. This last condition tends to break down the distinction based on
antheridial series between this genus and Arthrorhynchus, Plate XLVIII, in one species of which, fig. 3,
the arrangement is very similar. A single type in which the antheridia are strictly intercalary, like those
of Corethromyces, has been added in the genus Symplectromyces, Plate L, figs. 14-16, but this relation ap-
pears to be a rare one. ‘The number of antheridial cells in such associations appears to be more or less
definite in certain cases. In a majority of the species of Stzgmatomyces, for example, this character seems
to be one of the most useful in distinguishing species, while in Teratomyces, on the other hand, in which
the antheridial branch is also a monopodium, there is absolute irregularity in this respect. A new and
very individual type of appendage somewhat similar to that of Stigmatomyces is seen in Acompsomyces,
and another less well defined in Acallomyces; these appendages being in general simpler and tending to
break down any abrupt line of demarcation between types of appendages with serially arranged antheri-
dial cells, and those in which the latter are irregularly placed. A few instances occur in which the group-
ing of the antheridial cells is of specific, though not of generic value, a condition best illustrated, in the
genus Laboulbenia, by such species as L. Oezene, Plate LXIII, fig. 11, or L. variabilis.

The transition between simple, but distinctly differentiated, antheridial cells, and the undiffer-
entiated segments of an appendage or its branches, which may serve a similar purpose, has already
been referred to, and is illustrated most clearly by Coreomyces, Plate LXXI, fig. 13. These segments,
although they discharge their contents in a similar fashion, are evidently variable in size and form,

230 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

and are associated with similar segments having no such function. ‘This function, furthermore, ap-
pears to be a transitory one, and as far as has been determined, the discharge of sperm-cells ceases
soon after fertilization, and the appendage develops more or less copious sterile branches and loses
all traces of its primary function, figs. 7 and 16; a statement which, it may here be mentioned, applies
also to the supposed antheridia of Hydrophilomyces.

The associations of antheridial cells which form the functional portion of the often highly de-
veloped compound antheridia are in general very definite, and the numbers of the latter may be, and
usually are, more or less invariable in different genera or species. ‘They arise, like the simple an-
theridia, as branchlets, which, instead of growing outward, penetrate an adjacent cell, opening and
discharging into its cavity, whence the sperm-cells escape by a variably developed, often tubular
and elongate outlet, that is sometimes a mere extension of the cell forming the common cayity,
or in a few instances involves other cells. An illustration of the last condition is seen in the
antheridium of Euhaplomyces, Plate XXXVII, fig. 21, a type not previously illustrated. Another
new type is seen in the genus Rickia, the antheridium of which is quite unlike that of the nearly
allied Peyritschiella; not, as in this genus, adnate to the receptacle, but borne quite free upon it
and distinguished by a broad black septum, Plate XXXIV, figs. 12-13. In general form it closely
resembles a simple antheridium of the ordinary type, but the several antheridial cells which compose
it are nevertheless clearly distinguishable. The singular condition seen in the closely allied Distich-
omyces, with its groups of apparently simple and free antheridia, has already been referred to above.
The most remarkable, however, among the new types illustrated, are those found in the two new
genera, Monoicomyces and Eumonoicomyces, Plates XXXVI and XXXVII, the detailed structure of
which is described under these genera. This type, which in Ewmonoicomyces Papuanus is more
complicated than that of any other form, differs widely from those previously illustrated, both in
the arrangement of the antheridial cells, and in the method of discharge between four terminal and
eventually appendiculate cells. Still another new type is found in the singular Klezdiomyces, but
unfortunately the cell relations here are not determinable from the scanty material available. Lastly
the many new species of Hucantharomyces illustrate very fully the variations in this highly devel-
oped type, in which the usually oblique rows of cells which give it such individuality, appear to
represent the intercalary segments of an original branchlet, that become converted directly to anthe-
ridial cells which discharge inward.

Of the fifty-four genera thus far distinguished there are five in which the character of the anthe-
ridia is quite unknown, namely, Polyascomyces, Smeringomyces, Misgomyces, Euzodiomyces, and Kai-
nomyces, While in the following genera these organs are but doubtfully determined: Chitonomyces,
Hydreomyces, Ceratomyces, Autorcomyces, and Hydrophilomyces.

Female Sexual Organs. The general account formerly given of the origin and development of
the procarp, appears to be substantially correct, and little new information in this connection has
been obtained. One type of trichogyne, not formerly observed, is seen in Acompsomyces, the clavate
extremities of which are beset in a very characteristic fashion, Plate XLII, figs. 8 and 12, with recep-
tive vesicles, which might at first sight be taken for conjugating sperm-cells.

A most singular departure from the normal method of origin in the procarp is seen in Coreomyces
in which not only the female branch, but also the sterile cells of the perithecium, originate endoge-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 231

nously, growing, like the antheridial cells of compound antheridia, into the cavity of the adjacent cell
above. Not only is this cell traversed by the procarpic, and later by the perithecial branches, but
several cells above are successively penetrated, the intervening septa being perforated and destroyed;
the free trichogyne eventually making its way out distally and replacing the terminal primary ap-
pendage, which is sloughed off. This very peculiar condition, which is illustrated on Plate LXXI,
and described in detail under the genus, has no counterpart in the group. The perithecia of Zodi-
omyces, although the branches which produce them arise endogenously, are themselves exogenous,
and quite free from the beginning of their development. In Ceratomyces, also, although the forma-
tion of the perithecium is not of the ordinary type, the conditions do not appear to be in any way
comparable.

The early development of the carpogonium after fertilization has been described in detail in the
Monograph, and appears to be similar throughout the group. The only striking phenomenon in
this connection that has been observed among the new forms is seen in the genus Polyascomyces,
in which the ascogenic cells become so greatly multiplied that a condition occurs not unlike that seen
in the perithecium of other Ascomycetes, more than thirty ascogenic cells covering a basal area from
which large numbers of asci bud upwards; Plate XXXVII, figs. 1-2.

The cytology of ascus- and spore-formation has been examined by Dr. Faull who has published
a preliminary note in Science, already referred to, and has kindly allowed the writer to examine his
preparations. The latter appear to show that the phenomena involved correspond essentially with
those in other Ascomycetes, the ascospores being formed as a result of the divisions of a fusion-nucleus
by a process exactly similar to that which is normal in this type of spore-formation. Since Dr. Faull
has not as yet published a full account of his results, the writer does not feel at liberty to make
further reference to them in the present connection.

The structure of the mature perithecium is, in all genera, fundamentally the same, except in
the case of the pseudoperithecium of Coreomyces, aud has been given in detail in the Monograph.
The most important variations relate to the number of cells in each of the four outer and of the
four inner and alternating rows of wall-cells, and to the production of outgrowths or appendages from
the outer rows. A curious condition has, however, been observed in Dichomyces, some species of
which show a remarkable dimorphism in their perithecia; the two forms being associated on the
same individual as in D. hybridus, Plate XXXI, fig. 16; or occurring, as in D. biformis, Plate XXXIII,
figs. 2-3, on distinct individuals. In both these instances it will be observed that the two varieties
are not only unlike in size and form, and to some extent in color; but that, while in one auricle-
like outgrowths are present, these are wholly absent in the other. Two forms of perithecium also
appear to occur in Rhizomyces crispatus, Plate LII, figs. 19-20, although in this instance it is barely
possible that two species are concerned. It is possible that the dimorphism in D. hybridus, may
have resulted from hybridization, for example between a form like D. furciferus and the common extra-
Asiatic from of D. hybridus, which is not known to possess auricles. This dimorphic condition, how-
ever, appears to occur in other species, and it seems unlikely to the writer that it can be explained
in this way. Among instances in which the perithecium may show wide differences in form in a
given species, Laboulbenia Polyhirme may be mentioned, Plate LXV, figs. 1-3; and the varieties of
L. Texana, if these are rightly separated merely as varieties, show very remarkable conditions in

this respect, Plate LXIII, figs. 3-9.

Dae THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

That a Seawal Condition exists in these plants and that the organs alluded to as antheridia, sperm-
cells, procarps, trichogynes ete. actually have the functions which their names imply, has been assumed
in the above account. Although no one who has a knowledge at first hand of the Laboulbeniales in a
living condition would for a moment doubt the correctness of this assumption, it should be men-
tioned here that the cytology of the reproductive process is still unknown, however clearly its general
nature may be indicated by the observed morphology, and certain writers have denied in toto the
sexual nature of the supposed male and female organs. Alfred Moeller, for example, although he
has no personal knowledge of these structures, makes the statement without reservation, (Schimper,
Bot. Unters. a. d. Tropen, IX, p. 45, 1901) that the co-called antheridia are merely conidi-
ophores, producing conidia, the supposed sperm-cells, in a Chalara-like fashion. Yet if these
supposed sperm-cells are in reality non-sexual propagative bodies, it seems singular, since they are
produced in enormous quantities in many cases, that no indication has ever been seen which would
suggest the possibility that individuals ever arise from bodies other than the ascospores. If indi-
viduals were ever developed from these minute micrococcus or bacillus-like, for the most part naked,
protoplasmic masses, such an origin would certainly have been indicated in some instances among
the great mass of material examined. The whole history of the early development, moreover, for-
bids such an assumption, and especially the conditions found in the unisexual forms. That matters
should be so arranged in the latter that a conidial and an ascigerous individual should be invari-
ably predetermined in every spore-pair, seems a manifest absurdity. The conidial theory also, over-
looks the trichogyne, often a very remarkable and highly differentiated structure, as well as the
adherence of the “conidia” to certain special portions of it. Even if one could be contented with some
of the utterly ridiculous explanations of “trichogynes” found elsewhere among the fungi, that have
been gravely advanced, it would be difficult to see, for example, in the present instances, why a
“ventilating apparatus” should cease to ventilate and should disappear at the very moment when
the active development of the region ventilated was beginning and when “ventilation,” one would
suppose, would be most necessary. ‘That these structures are designed to “terebrate” the empty air
is also, to say the least, an unsatisfying explanation of their presence.

Abnormalities among the Laboulbeniales occasionally occur, some instances of which have been
previously illustrated, as for example the substitution of an antheridial appendage for a perithecium.
Instances of this nature in which bisexual individuals may become unisexual through the atrophy of
the perithecium, and the substitution for it of antheridial branches, are not uncommon; but another
example of a different nature is sometimes found, and results from the partial atrophy of one member
of the spore-pair. The failure of one member of a spore-pair to develop, was noted and figured in con-
nection with Laboulbenia inflata in the Monograph, and has been seen in other instances. While, how-
ever, such undeveloped individuals are, or appear to be, quite functionless, cases have been seen in which,
although one member becomes normally developed, producing an antheridium and procarp, the other
develops normally as far only as the production of the antheridium is concerned and shows not the
slightest indication of any procarp. Such an instance is represented on Plate XLIX, figs. 16-17, the
two individuals being the products of the same spore-pair. ‘The abnormal production of perithecia is
a common occurrence in some genera, and has been previously described and figured. It has been seen
occasionally in Laboulbenia proliferans also, the secondary perithecia arising from the subbasal cell and

thus confirming the view taken by the writer as to the homologies of the receptacle in this genus.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 230

Of abnormalities more or less directly due to environment and resulting from growth under con-
tinuously unfavorable conditions, as for example exposure to violence or insufficient nutrition, numerous
instances might be cited in which the general form and the character of the appendages may have been
thus modified. The most remarkable instance, which appears to be of this nature, is seen, however,
in the genus Dichomyces, and results in a structural variation which may be in the nature of a reversion.
In several species, especially when large numbers grow crowded on the legs of swiftly running hosts, the
normal symmetry is lost and the individual assumes a structure exactly like that of the genus Peyri-
schiella, although under favorable conditions, as on the abdomen, this form never appears. Such a
condition of D. inequalis was formerly figured and described as a new species of Peyritschiella, P. nigres-
cens, and it seems not impossible that this phenomenon may be comparable to reversions resulting from
injury in the higher plants. That abnormal forms due to hybridization may exist, has already been
suggested above, and this may account for the confused variations seen, for example, in Dichomyces vul-
gatus or D. princeps. Laboulbenia melanotheca, also, may possibly be nothing more than a hybrid be-
tween L. Mexicana and some of the species with black perithecia often associated with it, although this
is of course a mere suggestion.

The Geographical Distribution of the species and genera is now sufficiently well known in many
instances to illustrate various points of interest in this connection, but in view of the limitations of the
present paper as to space, and the fact that large additional collections of these plants are now awaiting
examination and study, no general summary or tabulation of distribution will be here attempted. Infor-
mation in regard to distribution is most complete in reference to parasites of the Carabidee; since this
family of beetles is a favorite group among entomologists, and is extremely well represented in a majority
of the exotic collections examined. Since, also, these insects include a majority of the hosts infested by
species of Laboulbenia, it is in this genus that the most complete data as to special instances of distribu-
tion have been obtained. A brief reference to the subject will be found below under this genus, but it
may be remarked in this connection that it is singular to find a species like L. variabilis infesting a variety
of common genera in both American continents, yet quite unknown elsewhere; while the distribution
of L. Pheropsophi is coextensive with that of its host in five continents. Of the numerous species on
Galerite in South and Central America none extend to Africa, where Galerite are numerous in species,
and are attacked by a single form only, unrelated to the South American one. Again L. Philonthi, which
is the common form in North and South America on members of the very large and universally distrib-
uted genus Piilonthus, is unknown from other regions, although almost unlimited material has been
looked over; while L. cristata, the only species growing on members of the large and varied genus
Pederus, has been found from all the continents.

The Development of Series in the Laboulbeniales, the directions in which this development has
proceeded, and the determination of what characters may be considered primitive or the reverse, are mat-
ters of interest concerning which, however, the writer finds himself unable to arrive at any satisfactory
conclusions. On the assumption that these plants have been derived from aquatic ancestors, one would
naturally look to the existing aquatic forms, rather than the terrestrial ones, for suggestions as to primi-
tive conditions. ‘The aquatic forms which possess compound antheridia, as is evident from the structure
of Limnaiomyces, are identical in type, and closely related to, the much more numerous and more highly
developed terrestrial genera of the Peyritschiellacez, and the same may be said of the often very highly

234 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

developed aquatic species of the genus Laboulbenia. It is therefore among the Ceratomycetinex, of
the accompanying Key, that one would look for suggestions in this connection. That the vegetative
characters of this series, far from being simple, are quite the reverse, might have no significance in this
respect; but if one presupposes an origin for the group from aquatic types near the simpler Floridee, it
is evident that in these water forms, the antheridial characters, which afford by far the most reliable and
fundamental characters for general groupings in these plants, are more unlike the antheridia of the red
alge than those of the more highly developed terrestrial genera. In any attempt to arrive at a conclusion
concerning these matters, several fundamental questions need answers which are not as yet forthcoming.
First, has the unspecialized antheridial cell of Rhynchophoromyces or Zodiomyces, for example, become the
specialized cell of the Laboulbeniacee, through conditions which may be suggested by those found in
Coreomyces; or has the passage been in the reverse direction, resulting as an adaptation more likely to
insure fertilization under the conditions of aquatic life. ‘The second supposition, indeed, seems by no
means an unlikely one, and Ceratomyces, which is assumed, at least, to produce its sperm-cells in coherent
threads, would represent the culmination of this tendency in a modern genus.

Again it may be asked whether the simple antheridium has been derived from the compound, as
might be suggested by the conditions seen in Distichomyces, or by a reduction to one cell of such a com-
pound antheridium as is found in Rickia: or, as seems more probable, has the reverse process actually
occurred. Furthermore it is by no means evident whether the unisexual, or the hermaphrodite condition,
which are associated with both the simple and compound type of antheridium, is primitive or the reverse.
Although the general tendency in upward series appears to be toward a separation of the sperm- and
egg-cell-function on different individuals, and this condition has no exceptions in the highest plants, by
far the most highly developed and apparently modern genera of Laboulbeniales are hermaphrodite:
but if we look for what is absolutely the simplest condition found in this group, we find it without question
in the genus Amorphomyces, a unisexual type with simple antheridia. And here it may be pointed out
that all the forms which grow on Blattide, supposed by entomologists to be among the most ancient types
of insects, are unisexual, with simple antheridia.

The not uncommon phenomenon already mentioned above, and formerly illustrated in Laboulbenia
inflata, Monograph, Plate III, fig. 5, which involves the atrophy of one member of the usual spore-
pair, may be perhaps significant in this connection; in that it suggests the survival of a tendency to form
two kinds of individuals, one of which had become superfluous after the appearance of antheridia on the
female individual. This is still more strikingly suggested by instances such as the one illustrated here-
with, on Plate XLIX, figs. 16-17, which, although rare in general, are common in this and a few other
species. Here one member of the spore-pair, becomes not only a dwarf individual, but is absolutely
unisexual, bearing a well developed and normally functional antheridial appendage. Yet here also,
the monopolization of food supply by one member of the spore-pair, may have led to a dwarf habit and
partial loss of function in the other, and it is not by any means inconceivable that, through gradual loss
of its male function by the vegetatively vigorous individual, a unisexual condition might become a fixed
phenomenon, in both members.

Since the series may thus be read upward or downward as one prefers, and Amorphomyces is quite
as likely to illustrate a last step in retrogression as a first in evolution, one may be pardoned, if like the
writer he confesses his complete agnosticism in these matters, an agnosticism which embraces the question

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/D. 235

of the origin of the Ascomycetes as a whole, and the determination of the course of evolution in the entire
fungus series: matters which, in recent years, have been too copiously discussed in the rather feeble light
of small contributions to the available data. Although it is difficult to believe that the Laboulbeniales,
for example, and the Floridex; that Monoblepharis insignis and Vaucheria intermedia Nordst; that
Aratospora and Dichotomosiphon; that the Mycochytridinex, Rhodochytrium and Chlorochytrium have
none of them ever had mutual kin nearer than some primordial protoplasmic entity at the bottom of the
plant series and in the early ages of organic life; it is nevertheless foolish, on the basis of our present
knowledge, to attempt an arbitrary settlement of the complex phenomena of series among the fungi.
As to the Laboulbeniales, it may be said with safety that they resemble the Floridez in some respects
more closely than they do any other plants, while at the same time they are more surely Ascomycetes
than many forms included in this group, and the writer sees no sufficient reason why they should not be

placed in the Pyrenomycetes, as a group coordinate with the Perisporiales, Hypocreales ete.

236 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF LABOULBENIALES.

In order briefly to summarize the genera thus far described, the following dichotomous key has been
prepared which indicates in a general way their supposed natural sequence, as far as this is possible in
such a summary, and includes a tentative separation of the more pronounced types which have been
designated by special names designed to suggest the conditions of isolation in the various genera or groups
of genera. It is not expected that this key will prove useful as a means of determining genera to anyone
who has not made himself familiar with the general conditions existing in the group and summarized in
the preliminary matter of this and the preceding Monograph. It will be observed that Distichomyces,
although at maturity it possesses free simple antheridia, is included among the Peyritschiellaceze, where
it rightly belongs, and that also Hydrophilomyces is included in the second section, of Ceratomycetinee,
although its supposed antheridial cells are more or less clearly distinguished. The latter are, however,
merely corners, as it were, separated from the cells of the main appendage, and later appear to grow out
into sterile branches as in Coreomyces. Polyascomyces, Smeringomyces and Misgomyces, being of uncertain
affinities, and their antheridia being unknown, are assigned merely provisional places in the arrangement.

1. Antheridia specially differentiated cells or groups of cells. LABOULBENIINE 80
Antheridia compound, the antheridial cells endogenous, arising from
one or more intercalary cells and discharging into and from a com-
mon chamber (eventually free in a compact group in Distichomyces) PEYRITSCHIELLACER 35
4. Individuals unisexual. Dimorphomyceteze uh
5. Perithecia arising from a primary vertical or oblique axis. Dimeromyces 6
6. Perithecia arising from one or more secondary axes springing from
the subbasal cell. Dimorphomyces
7. Individuals hermaphrodite, sterile appendages unicellular, subtended
by black constricted septa. 20
8. Antheridium a free branchlet from the receptacle. Rickie 11
9. Antheridial cells discharging through a common pore. Rickia 10
10. Antheridial cells becoming free in a compact group. Distichomyces
11. Antheridium wholly or partly adnate to the receptacle. Peyritschiellez 18
12. Cells of the receptacle in tiers above the basal cell.
13. Perithecia wholly free. 16
14. Subterminal tier of the receptacle bearing paired antheridia. Dichomyces 15
15. Subterminal tier bearing a single antheridium at one side. Peyritschiella
16. Perithecia more or less adnate to the distal portion of the receptacle.
17. Antheridium anterior at the base of the perithecium. Limnaiomyces 18
18. Antheridium near base of appendages; two cells superposed above
foot. Chitonomyces 19
19. Antheridium as in 18, three cells above foot. Hydreomyces
20. Individuals hermaphrodite, sterile appendages multicellular, sub- Enarthromycetee
tended by black constricted septa. Enarthromyces 21
21. Individuals hermaphrodite, sterile appendages absent or without
black subtending septa.
22. Antheridium discharging between four terminal appendiculate cells. _Monoicomycetez 25

26.

30.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE

Antheridial cells disposed in four opposite pairs.

Antheridial cells numerous.

Antheridium opening by a free pore.

Antheridial cells unassociated with evident sterile cells above the
stalk-cell of the appendage.

Antheridium terminal, rounded, areolate, with lateral pore and termi-
nal spine.

Antheridium conical with prominent terminal pore.

Antheridial cells associated with evident sterile cells above the stalk-
cell of the appendage.

Antheridial cells numerous, disposed in obliquely superposed rows,
associated with an external sterile marginal cell, opening terminal.

Antheridium opening by a lateral pore below a terminal cellular sterile
portion.

Antheridial cells few, opening into a chamber extending upward beside
two external sterile cells to a terminal chamber and pore.

Antheridium areolate, lateral below sterile terminal branches.

Incerte sedis, ascogenic cells very numerous. (See 46.)

Antheridia single cells with free efferent tubes.

Individuals. unisexual.

Perithecia on secondary repent receptacles attached to the host.

Perithecia arising from a primary receptacle.

Receptacle two-celled, terminated by the perithecium, spores con-
tinuous.

Receptacle terminated by a two-celled prominence, spores once-sep-
tate. -

Receptacle several-celled, cheetophorous. (Incerte sedis.)

Individuals hermaphrodite. Primary receptacle without secondary
elongation through intercalary growth.

Receptacle simple, or without free axes of secondary origin.

Antheridial appendage a single, simple, specialized series of super-
posed cells, unassociated with sterile branchlets or appendages.

Subterminal cell of the appendage sterile, the cell below it bearing
several antheridia, the terminal cell bearing a single spinose
antheridium.

Appendage of several flattened irregularly superposed cells, surmounted
by a dome-shaped structure, ascogenic cells very numerous. (In-
certe sedis, see 34.)

Antheridial appendage of five cells, two superposed antheridia arising
from the terminal and subterminal cells respectively.

Distal, fertile, portion of the appendage consisting of two to many
superposed cells which give rise to antheridia superposed in a single
or double series.

Antheridia more or less distinctly whorled on the fertile terminal por-
tion of the appendage.

Antheridial appendages or branches more than one and associated
with sterile branches or branchlets.

LABOULBENIACE.

Monoicomyces
Eumonoicomyces
Haplomycetezx

Haplomyces
Camptomyces

Eucantharomyces
Klerdiomyces

Euhaplomyces
Cantharomyces
Polyascomyces
LABOULBENIACE

Herpomycetez
Herpomyces
Amorphomycetee

Amorphomyces

Diorcomyces
Smeringomyces

Stigmatomyceteze

Acompsomyces

Polyascomyces

Acallomyces

Stigmatomyces

Arthrorhynchus

50

46

47

48

49

238

ol.

57.

58.

63.

64.

66.

67.

68.

69.

THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Receptacle appearing to be distally multicellular through proliferation,
the resultant cells more or less copiously appendiculate.

A primary appendage of superposed cells bearing specialized antheri-
dial branchlets superposed externally, similar branches arising
from cells on one side, about the bases of the perithecial stalk-
cells.

No primary appendage distinguishable at maturity.

Receptacle obconical, the proliferous cells producing distally a dense
tuft of appendages enveloping the bases of the perithecial stalk-
cells.

Sterile branches few, antheridial cells intercalary in continuous

series.

Sterile branches and branchlets copious, antheridial cells free, ex-
ternally superposed in irregular series on the lower segments of the
appendages and associated with beak-like sterile cells.

Receptacle subtriangular, flattened, with paired, two-celled rounded
outgrowths and paired perithecia, proliferating cells above their
bases producing numerous branched appendages.

Receptacle consisting of two superposed cells, the upper giving rise
directly to a more or less well distinguished free main appendage
and to one or more free, stalked perithecia.

Antheridial branches producing serial intercalary antheridia.

Primary appendage hyaline producing branches from its basal cell,
secondary perithecia originating like the primary.

Primary appendage more or less blackened, its basal cell producing
secondary perithecia when these occur.

Antheridia borne free, singly, or in groups, on the appendage, or on its
branches.

Main axis of the appendage consisting of two superposed cells, the
upper bearing a series of branches from the bases of which arise
branchlets bearing the antheridia singly or in groups.

Appendage consisting of several superposed cells, the distal bearing
sterile branches, the basal often perithecia, the rest short antheridial
branchlets from their upper inner angles.

Appendage of numerous superposed cells, the basal free sterile and
specially modified, the rest bearing a series of branches superposed
externally, the basal cells of which give rise to antheridia singly or
in groups.

Appendage of superposed cells, the basal adnate, sterile unmodified,
the rest appendiculate on the inner side, the branchlets bearing
antheridia more or less irregularly.

Appendage two-celled, the distal cell a blackened insertion-cell bearing
sterile and antheridial branchlets.

Receptacle multicellular, the cells subbiseriate above the subbasal cell,
the one series terminated by the perithecium, the other by the ap-
pendages.

Receptacle producing one or more free secondary perithecigerous
axes.

Idiomycetez
Idiomyces

Teratomycetez

Symplectromyces

Teratomyces

Diplomyces

Corethromyceteze

Rhadinomyces

Corethromyces

Laboulbeniex

Eucorethromyces

Stichomyces

Rhizomyces

Sphaleromyces

Ceraiomyces

Laboulbenia

58

53

57

56

57

68

61

64

65

66

67

70.

78.
79;
80.

81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.

90.
91.

92.

93.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Primary axis displaced by a single simple more or less elongate multi-
cellular cheetophorous secondary axis, bearing a subterminal peri-
thecium.

Receptacle a biseriate-multicellular perithecigerous axis, producing
laterally similar perithecigerous axes.

Perithecigerous axes unicellular and distally appendiculate below
the perithecial stalk-cell.

Individuals solitary with subverticillate fertile and sterile branches
from a primary two-celled receptacle.

Individuals in a dense tuft, with a common intrusive cellular hausto-
rium.

Receptacle indeterminate or elongating by secondary cell-division.

Primary appendage a well defined axis of superposed cells (see also 84).

Receptacle and primary appendage forming a bristle-like coincident
axis of superposed cells, bearing branches, perithecia and further
branches in a unilateral series and in the order mentioned.

Receptacle very variable through secondary growth, producing no
branches below the perithecium.

Primary appendage a rounded cellular prominence beside the perithe-
cium, with evanescent terminal branchlets (incerte@ sedis).

Antheridia more or less undifferentiated cells of the appendages or of
their branches. Mostly aquatic.

Receptacle not a massive multicellular structure.

Receptacle bearing no appendages below the perithecium.

Receptacle indeterminate.

Perithecium determinate, the wall-rows few-celled.

Perithecium indeterminate, the wall-rows many-celled.

Receptacle determinate.

Perithecium determinate, wall-rows few-celled.

Perithecium indeterminate, wall-rows many-celled.

Receptacle bearing appendages from specially differentiated cells
below the perithecium.

Receptacle a massive multicellular structure.

Receptacle distally cup-shaped, a ciliate margin surrounding numer-
ous perithecia.

Receptacle a massive axis continuous with a terminal appendiculate
primary appendage and bearing numerous perithecia and append-
ages in a crowded lateral series.

Receptacle a massive axis continuous with a terminal appendiculate
primary appendage, consisting of numerous superposed tiers, the
upper of which grow out laterally on either side to form peritheciger-
ous branches of numerous superposed cells.

Rhachomycetez
Rhachomyces
Clematomycetez
Clematomyces

Compsomycetere
Compsomyces

Moschomyces

Chetomycetex
Chaetomyces
Ecteinomycetez
Ecteinomyces
Misgomycetez
Misgomyces

239

79

CERATOMYCETINE/E

Ceratomyceteze

Hydrophilomyces

Rhynchophoromyces

Autoicomyces
Ceratomyces
Coreomycetee
Coreomyces
Zodiomycetee

Zodiomyces

Euzodiomyces

Kainomyces

90

93

240 THAXTER.— MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/.

LABOULBENIINEA.

Antheridia consisting of specially differentiated cells or group of cells.

PEYRITSCHIELLACESA.

“compound,” the antheridial cells originally and

Genera moncecious or dicecious, the antheridia
at maturity (except in Distichomyces) opening into a common cavity whence they discharge their sperm-

cells through a common pore.

DIMORPHOMYCES Thaxter.

This well marked dicecious genus was founded on two New England species, D. infectus and D.
denticulatus, and as far as these species are concerned I have nothing to add to my original account ex-
cept to mention that D. infectus has been observed on a Falagria sent me from Ohio. Both species are
no doubt as common elsewhere as they are in New England. ‘The present addition of two species is,
in all probability, no reliable index of the numerical importance of the genus, since the hosts appear
to be neglected by collectors and are not well represented in the collections examined. The plants them-
selves, too, are very minute, pale in color, and visible with great difficulty on dried hosts.

In comparing the structure of these forms with that which is characteristic of the simpler types of
the family, it is evident that there is a close correspondence in essentials. The primary receptacle in
both sexes consists of the usual basal and subbasal cells, and its axis is terminated by a simple primary
appendage of two or three superposed cells. The male, except in abnormal individuals which rarely
occur, produces a single antheridium which arises directly from the subbasal cell. In the female, how-
ever, the conditions are much more complicated, since the perithecia arise from latera] branches,
“secondary receptacles,’ derived from the subbasal cell, which are bordered below by an extension or
outgrowth of the basal cell that keeps pace with the development of the secondary receptacle. In the
two species originally described two of these receptacles arise, one on either side, which are more or
less symmetrical. In the two herewith illustrated, however, but one such receptacle is produced and
the individuals are asymmetrical in consequence. ‘The cell relations are clearly seen in D. Myrmedonie,
Plate XXVIII, fig. 15, in which the actual conditions are more readily made out than in the species
first described. A reexamination of the latter leaves no doubt as to the essential correspondence of
their structure.

As far as I have observed, the sexes are always associated in the spore-pairs in this genus, although,
as in other dicecious forms, instances may occur in which they fail to be juxtaposed at the point of
attachment to the host.

DimorpHomyces Myrmeponim Thaxter. Plate XXVIII, figs. 14-16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts. and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 409. Apr., 1900.

Male individual tinged with smoky brown, relatively small and stout, the neck of the antheridium
short, the primary appendage consisting of three superposed cells, the middle one distinguished by slight
constrictions and by dark septa, especially below; the terminal one bluntly rounded distally, twice as
long as broad; the thick walls above becoming disorganized. Total length to tip of antheridium, in-
cluding foot, 65 4; to tip of appendage 40 ». Antheridium 38 y in length, the center 25 X 14 yu.

Female individual relatively large, tinged with smoky brown, the primary appendage consisting
of three cells; the fertile secondary receptacle developed, almost at right angles to the primary axis,

THAXTER.— MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 241

on one side only, and consisting of from five to twelve cells. Perithecia one to five in number, the ap-
pendages from three to six, alternating with them, or succeeding one another somewhat irregularly;
the two series, perithecia and appendages, somewhat divergent; the subtending cells relatively large
and obliquely placed with reference to the bordering extension of the basal cell, so that they appear
larger from one side than from the other. Perithecium rather long and slender, nearly straight, stouter
and somewhat inflated in small individuals; the tip blunt or nearly truncate, tinged with smoky brown;
borne on a short inconspicuous stalk-cell from which it bends abruptly upward. Appendages rela-
tively large, consisting of two superposed cells, constricted at the septa; the basal one longer, distally more
deeply suffused; the upper distally suffused, and modified like the corresponding portion of the primary
appendage. Spores about 20 < 3 y. Perithecia, in well developed individuals, 100 K 18 y. Primary
receptacle about 60 4. Secondary receptacle (larger) 75 ». Appendages about 58 & 13 py.

On Myrmedonia flavicornis Fauv., Brit. Mus. (Biologia C.) No. 766, Guatemala.

This singular looking plant was found on various parts of the host, especially on the abdomen, and
shows considerable variation in the development of the secondary receptacle especially, small forms
occurring with a single perithecium only. The accompanying figures represent the most highly devel-
oped individuals, and show the tendency to degeneration which affects the tips of both primary and
secondary appendages.

DiorpeHomyces THLEoPORH Thaxter. Plate XXVIII, figs. 12-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 410. Apr., 1900.

Male individual much as in D. muticus, the primary appendage ending in a short blackened cell,
bluntly rounded or nearly truncate. ‘Total length to tip of antheridium 66 y, to tip of sterile cell 37 y.

Female individual. Structure of the receptacle like that of the other species, but only developed
on one side of the median sterile portion, or primary appendage, which consists of three cells like that
of the male individual and is black tipped. The appendages and perithecia arising as in the other spe-
cies, the latter nearly symmetrically subfusiform, bluntly rounded at the tip, tinged with smoky brown,
the tip undifferentiated, the appendages relatively large and simple. Perithecia (not quite mature)
50 X 14 wu. Foot, to end of lateral portion, 50 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 80 yp.

On Thleopora corticalis Gz., Paris Museum, No. 297, Santa Anna, Madeira. On inferior surface
of abdomen.

The material of this species is very scanty and it is impossible to determine the exact appearance
of the male individual, since a single specimen, only, is present in the preparations, placed as is shown
in fig. 12 at the right. The species is closely allied to the preceding, but differs in the form of the peri-
thecium, as well as in that of the primary and secondary appendages, the disorganization at the tips of
the latter causing them to appear truncate.

DIMEROMYCES Thaxter.

Eight additional forms of this very peculiar dicecious genus show that, although it is extremely well
defined in general, the species present remarkable variations in structure, and, with the exception of
Laboulbenia, inhabit more diverse hosts than the members of any other genus. With the exception of
Herpomyces, no other genus has been found on Orthoptera, and three East Indian forms occur on small
species of Diptera. Two of these dipterophilous forms, D. coarctatus and D. rhizophorus, which are very
closely allied, are of especial interest; since, although both occur on the integument of the inferior surface
of the abdomen of their soft bodied hosts, and thus live under practically identical conditions, the one
absorbs its nutriment by a well developed haustorium which penetrates the body-cavity, Plate XXVIII,
fig. 7, while the other, fig. 1, is attached by the usual foot and shows no sign of any penetration. It
is not improbable that the members of this genus will prove characteristic parasites on Forficule generally,
as are the species of Herpomyces on Blattide,

242 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACES.

Of D. Africanus, illustrated in my Monograph, I have examined additional material from Cape
Coast Castle, Africa, on Pachyteles, in the Hope Collection No. 287.

DIMEROMYCES MINUTISsIMUS Thaxter. Plate XXIX, figs. 6-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 304. July, 1905.

Male individual. Receptacle consisting of three cells, the basal externally suffused with blackish
brown, and projecting beneath the base of the antheridium; the subbasal giving rise to the solitary anthe-
ridium; while the distal is separated by a blackened septum from a two-celled erect rigid distally spinose
appendage. Venter of antheridium small, tapering gradually to the stout outcurved neck. Total length,
including foot, 32 4. Antheridium 16 X 5 pu.

Female individual. Receptacle very irregularly formed, externally blackened above the large foot;
consisting of several irregularly superposed cells, the subbasal giving rise to a two-celled prominence
subtending a blackish tapering appendage, which projects at right angles to the colorless primary append-
age; the latter two-celled, distinguished by a blackish septum, and often subtended by a similar append-
age from the same (distal) cell of the receptacle. The single perithecium rather short and broad, tapering
slightly to the more or less distinctly differentiated somewhat truncate tip. Length to tip of perithecium
50 uw. Longest appendage 40-50 w. Perithecium 34 X 10 y.

On the inferior surface of the rhabdites of Labia minor Burm., Cambridge, Mass.

This and the preceding species may prove merely variations of the same form due to the differences
in their position of growth, and are only provisionally separated. M. Labie is much less common than
the present species and has only been seen on the elytra. M. minutissimus occurs not uncommonly on
the rhabdites, but is very difficult to find and to remove, from its minute size, dark color and appressed
habit of growth. Both species are most nearly allied to M. Forficule, although abundantly distinct
from it.

Dimeromyces Labia Thaxter. Plate XXIX, figs. 1-5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. LXI, p. 303. July, 1905.

Male individual. Receptacle consisting normally of three superposed cells, the basal projecting
laterally to form the base of the lowest antheridium, bearing distally a two-celled appendage distinguished
by a basal blackish septum; the two upper cells of the receptacle producing two, rarely three, antheridia:
the latter short and stout, the efferent region containing the several tubes rather abruptly distinguished
from the venter, as well as from the common efferent tube, which curves outward somewhat abruptly.
Total length to tip of appendage, including foot, 50 w. Appendage 25 ». Antheridium 16-18 X 6-7 p.

Female indivdual. Subhyaline, or straw-colored, consisting of an irregular axis of three or four
superposed cells, terminated by a simple, usually two-celled, appendage distinguished by a blackish
septum; the subbasal cell bearing a broad blunt bicellular upcurved appendage or protrusion, which
subtends either the single perithecium, or a several-celled appendage similar to the primary one. Peri-
thecium solitary, colorless, somewhat elongate, tapering but slightly to the more or less abruptly
distinguished rather broad somewhat flattened tip. Total length of tip of perithecium 65-75 yp.
Perithecium 50-60 X 12 p. Spores about 18 X 12 p.

On the elytra of Labia minor Burm., Cambridge, Mass.

As has been already mentioned, this species is very closely related to D. minutissimus of which it
may prove a mere variety due to its position of growth. The material is not abundant, but the differ-
ences indicated in the figures and descriptions appear to be constant, even the greater number of antheridia
in the male individuals. The host is a small Forficula common in refuse, especially in the Fresh Pond
region.

Dimeromyces Forricut® Thaxter. Plate XXVIII, figs. 9-11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 9. June, 1902.

Male individual. Receptacle consisting of three superposed cells, the upper distinguished by a

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ, 243

well-defined black septum from a short two- to three-celled terminal appendage, the subbasal septum
of which is also blackened; the subbasal cell of the receptacle producing a suberect, short-stalked, rather
long and narrow antheridium; the neck relatively broad, blunt, about as long as the stalk and venter.
Total length to tip of antheridium 60 y: the antheridium, including stalk, 28-30 7-8 p.

Female individual more or less tinged with purplish-brown, especially the body of the perithecium.
Receptacle consisting of usually five cells obliquely superposed, with the exception of the uppermost,
successively smaller from below upward, the series more or less strongly curved outward from the male;
the subbasal cell bearing a simple differentiated appendage, its basal cell more or less geniculate and
separated from the basally inflated, tapering, brown, five- to six-celled distal portion by a blackish con-
striction; the cell next above it producing the single perithecium; the next a simple cylindrical slightly
tapering appendage with a black subbasal constricted septum; the terminal cell bearing terminally a
short, simple, few-celled primary appendage, distinguished by a constricted black basal and a pale sub-
basal septum, and laterally a similar appendage distinguished by a subbasal blackish constricted septum.
Perithecium rather elongate, subclavate or subfusoid, the stalk not distinguished from the body of the
perithecium, and sometimes showing irregular septa; the tip often somewhat abruptly distinguished,
blunt, slightly asymmetrical. Spores about 35 X 3.5 yw. Perithecia, including stalk, 90-110 * 18-22 p.
Longest appendage 80 ». Receptacle 60-70 w. Total length to tip of perithecium 150-185 yp.

On all parts of Forficula teniata Dohrn.; Mus. Comp. Zodl., No. 1355; Guatemala.

A species most nearly related to the other forms on earwigs, but clearly distinguished by numerous
points of difference in both sexes. is

DIMEROMYCES RHIZOPHORUS Thaxter. Plate XXVIII, Figs. 6-8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 412. March, 1901.

Male Individual. Receptacle consisting of a basal cell, which penetrates the host directly without
a differentiated foot by means of a simple rhizoid, and of two to three superposed cells above it, each of
which usually bears an antheridium, the upper terminated by a short, pointed, slender cell. The an-
theridia rather short and stout, with short, stout necks. Receptacle about 50 X 8 4. Appendage 12 x
_ 3.5 yw. Antheridia 25 x 9 yp.

Female Individual. More or less deeply tinged with amber-brown. Receptacle amber-brown,
consisting of six superposed cells, the small basal cell, hardly visible above the integument, penetrates
the host directly by means of a very large, abruptly furcate rhizoid, the two cells above it similar, broader
than long, bearing each an appendage consisting of a basal cell bent toward the receptacle, darker and
narrower distally, and separated by a dark septum from the three-celled terminal portion, which is straight
or slightly curved, larger toward the middle, the smaller terminal cell becoming partly disorganized.
The next (fourth) cell of the receptacle bears the single perithecium; the distal terminal cell longer and
narrower, and terminated by a short, pointed, one- sometimes two-celled primary appendage (similar
to that of the male individual), from which it is separated by a constriction; the subterminal cell nar-
rower distally, producing on its inner side an appendage similar to those below it, but straight and some-
what shorter. Perithecium with a short stout stalk rapidly expanding into the asymmetrically inflated
deeper brown venter of the perithecium; the neck very short and abruptly distinguished; the tip relatively
large, four-lobed, inflated with two lateral papillate outgrowths, above which the lips form a subconical
projection. Spores about 25 X 3 yw. Perithecium including stalk 70-90 < 20-25 . Receptacle about
45 X 12 4. Primary appendage 12 »; secondary appendages 35-40 ». Penetrating rhizoidal branches
150-184 X 10-12 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 90-110 yp.

On the inferior surface of the abdomen of a small fly. Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum,
No. 1295.

This form is distinguished from all other described species of the genus by the presence of penetrating
rhizoids which replace the normal blackened foot. In the female they appear to be regularly once furcate

244 THAXTHR. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

immediately below the integument, the two branches diverging so that the individual cannot be detached
without breaking one or both of them. The male, however, develops merely the simple rhizoid, shown
in fig. 8, a slight swelling immediately below the integument serving to hold it with sufficient firmness.

DIMEROMYCES CoARCTATUS Thaxter. Plate XXVIII, Figs. 1-5 and 17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci.,Vol. XXXVI, p. 410. March, 1901.

Male Individual. Receptacle nearly hyaline, consisting of usually three superposed cells, the upper
separated by a dark-colored constriction from a short, simple, two- to three-celled hyaline or brownish
appendage. The antheridia usually two, seldom three, borne singly from the successive cells of the
receptacle, from which they are separated by a small basal cell; the venter having an external depression
and not abruptly distinguished from the stout curved neck. Receptacle 35-45 x 6-7 ys. Appendage
25-50 w. Antheridia 18 < 5 p.

Female Individual. Receptacle consisting of a large basal cell about twice as long as broad, bulging
so as to form a rounded base which pushes the small brownish-black foot to a lateral or sublateral posi-
tion; the remaining cells, usually eight or nine in number, separated by horizontal septa and superposed
in a simple series; the lower cells greatly flattened, those above somewhat less so, the series ending in a
somewhat abruptly narrower terminal cell, which is more than twice as long as broad, subcylindrical,
its extremity rounded symmetrically and bearing a short, simple, usually four-celled terminal brownish
appendage, which is distinguished by a constricted dark basal septum, and terminated by a somewhat
inflated lighter larger cell, which becomes characteristically disorganized on one side, so that the append-
age appears to end in a slender curved projection. The remaining cells of the receptacle producing single
appendages or perithecia, except the basal and sometimes a subbasal cell. The uppermost of these
secondary appendages arises from the inner side of the subconical subterminal cell of the receptacle,
occupying a position in the median line between the primary appendage and the base of the first perithe-
cium, and consists of a short subconical basal cell, from the narrow extremity of which the simple, several-
celled terminal portion is distinguished by a constricted dark septum; the remaining appendages laterally
divergent on opposite sides in such a way as to appear paired, usually three on each side, each consisting
of a rather long basal cell inflated along its upper side so as to appear more or less geniculate, concol-
orous with the receptacle, its narrower extremity suffused with dark brown, distinguished without con-
striction by a dark septum from the simple terminal portion, which is usually five-celled, more or less
strongly recurved, brown, its terminal cell becoming inflated and undergoing gelatinous degeneration
on the lower side, which causes it to appear split in two, the hook-like upper half of the cell alone per-
sisting in some individuals. Perithecia yellowish, distally brownish, one, rarely two, in number; the
first always arising from the cell immediately below that which bears the upper secondary appendage,
the second, when one is present, replacing one of the appendages lower down; consisting of a symmetri-
cally inflated venter, which tapers gradually downward, passing into the short stalk; a short neck rather
abruptly distinguished, deeper brown below, its tip inflated below four terminal projections, three or
two of which are in the form of rounded papillze of unequal size, and one or two of which are pointed
and much more prominent. Spores 42 X 3.5 4. Perithecium, including the stalk, which is continuous
with it, 125 X 20-35 pw. Receptacle to base of primary appendage 50-75 p. Secondary appendages
about 75 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 150-180 p.

Densely crowded on the inferior surface of the abdomen or rarely on the legs of a small pale fly.
Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 1282.

Abundant material of this species has been examined and although it grows on the soft inferior
abdominal integument of a similar host and in the same position, it shows.no tendency to develop the
haustoria which are so characteristic of the preceding species. The two are very closely allied, neverthe-
less, the form and disposition of the appendages, which project something like the legs of a crustacean,
affording the most striking points of difference. The individuals usually occur crowded in large num-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 245

bers on the abdomen of the host, and eventually are very evidently injurious in their effects, causing the
abdomen to become brown and more or less shriveled. I know of no other instance in which an evident
injury results from the parasitism of any member of the group. In both species the sexes are apt to
become separated or irregularly disposed, although their occurrence in pairs is a normal condition.

Dimeromyces crispAtus Thaxter. Plate XXIX, Figs. 14-15.
Proc, Am, Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p.413. March, 1901.

Male Individual. Receptacle consisting of four superposed hyaline cells, the basal one much longer
than the rest combined; the upper bearing distally a two-celled terminal appendage, the lower cell of
which is small, the upper elongate, brownish; the two remaining cells of the receptacle producing each
a single antheridium. Antheridia superposed, the stalk-cell, neck, and venter well distinguished, the
latter symmetrically and considerably inflated, the neck slightly curved. Receptacle 50 * 8 yp. An-
theridia 33 X 8-9 yw. Appendage 36 yp.

Female Individual. Receptacle consisting of usually five superposed cells, the basal cell very elon-
gate, slender, and hyaline; while of the four remaining cells the two lower are much flattened, broader
than long, and separated by oblique septa, the two upper unlike and narrower. Of these four cells the
second from below gives rise to the stalk-cell of the perithecium, while the others by successive prolifera-
tion produce each a branch consisting of eight or ten obliquely superposed cells; while each of these
cells in turn produces a single simple branchlet from its upper side, originally terminal, but becoming
lateral through the further proliferation of the cell which bears it; the branchlets distinguished by a
slight constriction and a broad dark septum at the base, brown, curved, distally helicoid, slightly enlarged
and paler. ‘The primary terminal appendage thus appears as the lowest of the upper series of branchlets,
from which it does not differ in structure. Perithecia one to three in number, the first lowest, and always
formed from the second from below of the four distal cells of the receptacle, others sometimes arising
from each of the two upper distal cells; the stalk hyaline, long and slender, the venter small, narrow,
not distinguished from the stalk, becoming brownish, distally slightly inflated, the neck short and well
but not abruptly distinguished; the tip well differentiated, hyaline, symmetrical or nearly so, shovel-
shaped or spathulate, swollen at its base, and tapering to the broad, bluntly rounded or nearly truncate
apex. Spores about 30 X 3.5 w. Perithecium: 70-75 X 18 yp, the stalk 50-125 X 15 pw. Receptacle
basal cell 185-250 X 18 yp, the distal portion about 50 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 360-435 y.
Lateral cell-series or branches about 50 y long, their branchlets to tip of helix about 50 yp.

On the legs and superior surface of the abdomen of the same host parasitized by D. coarctatus.
Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 1282.

This species occurred very rarely and always in solitary pairs on various parts of the host, no in-
stance being observed in which a male failed to develop at the base of the female. It is more highly
differentiated than any of the other species in that the upper cells of the receptacle proliferate to form
several appendiculate branches. The species is further well distinguished by its curled appendages,
elongate basal cell, and peculiar long-stalked perithecia.

DIMEROMYCES NANOMASCULUS Thaxter. Plate XXIX, Figs. 10-13.
Proc. ‘Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 411. April, 1900.

Male individual very minute, consisting of three superposed cells, the upper bearing a terminal
two-celled appendage with dark septa, the subbasal cell giving rise to a single small antheridium, the
neck usually abruptly turned to one side. Total length to tip of appendage 35 ; the antheridium about
15 X 5 uv.

Female individual consisting of a main axis of superposed cells from which appendiculate cells are
separated on both sides, the basal cell large and long, narrower below; the cells above about ten to fif-
teen in number, usually roundish; the appendages borne side by side in pairs on both sides of the recep-
tacle, mostly five-celled above their basal cells, sometimes curved or almost hooked distally, variably

246 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

suffused with brown, the septa dark, the distal cell not conspicuously enlarged, becoming brownish;
the subterminal cell of the single terminal appendage examined, producing a blackish-brown, lateral,
irregular, spine-like outgrowth. Perithecium straight, more commonly solitary brownish yellow to dark
brown near the tip, not at all distinguished from the stalk, which is hyaline only at its narrow base,
the hyaline tip abruptly distinguished by a slight subtending ridge, its margins usually converging sym-
metrically to the truncate, or blunt apex. Spores about 45 < 3 y. Perithecia, including stalk, 100-
120 X 20-24 uw. Appendages longer 60 X 6 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 245-285 x about
22 pL.

On Ardistomis viridis Say, Cocoanut Grove, Florida. November. On A. educta Bates, British
Museum (Biologia Collection), No. 676.

The carabid hosts on which this form was found were collected under cocoanut palms along the
margin of Biscayne Bay. ‘The species was seldom met with, and the male and female were associated
in every case; although, from the very minute size of the former, it is difficult to distinguish and suc-
cessfully remove it. The appendages are so closely approximated in pairs that they appear at first sight
to form a single row, only, on either side; and the presence of a second set below can only be determined
by very careful examination. Both this and the succeeding species represent a section of the genus
marked by a highly developed erect central axis, which results from intercalary growth, new cells being
added apparently as a result of the activities of the basal cell.

DIMEROMYCES PINNATUS Thaxter. Plate XXIX, Figs. 16-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 410. April, 1900.

Male individual consisting of a basal cell more than twice as long as broad, the axis above of eight
or nine cells separated by horizontal septa, all but the lowest and the terminal cell separating a small
cell on one side which forms the base of an antheridium or of a sterile appendage, the two organs diverg-
ing slightly from one another so as to form two vertical rows. Antheridium compound, short and stout,
the venter abruptly distinguished from the stout neck, the base of which is slightly enlarged and purplish
brown, the distal part tapering very slightly, the apex blunt. Appendages consisting typically of six
cells, including the basal cell, constricted at the dark septa, the distal cells suffused with brownish, the
terminal one larger, longer, and more or less vesicular, the thick walls tending to gelatinous degeneration.
Total length of receptacle 100 X 12 4. Antheridia 35 X 12 uw. Appendages 50 X 7 p.

Female individual. Basal cell large and stout, the cells above it about twenty in number, greatly
flattened, the septa horizontal, a few of the lower cells having appendages on only one side, or none, the
rest bearing them on both sides. Appendages simple, consisting of from five to seven cells including the
basal cell, constricted at the dark septa, the terminal cell hyaline and much larger, as in the male; the
rest, except the basal one, purplish, or the upper one tinged with brown. Perithecia one to three in num-
ber, mostly rather slender, slightly curved outward; the stalk-portion about half as long as the remainder,
which is purplish brown, deeper distally; the tip well distinguished when not distended by spores, con-
sisting of a basal portion larger and slightly inflated, and a distal one formed by the lip-cells, abruptly
distinguished, its external margins generally symmetrically divergent, the four cells nearly equal and
symmetrical and ending distally in a corresponding number of papillee about the pore. Perithecia in-
cluding stalk, 125 X 20 4. Receptacle 190-225 X 28 yp, not including basal cells of appendages. Ap-
pendages 55 X 8 p.

On Ardistomis (?) sp., Hope Collection, No. 296. No locality, but probably Mexico or South
America. At base of elytra and on leg.

The determination of the host of this species is uncertain, but the insect is at least allied to Ardistomis,
The parasite is very peculiar and striking in appearance, and although closely allied to the preceding
species, differs markedly in the characters of the male, as well as in the arrangement and appearance of
the appendages and perithecia. Specimens occurring on the leg of the host (fig. 17), differ decidedly

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 247

in the form of the appendages and perithecia, the former being longer and more slender, with more num-
erous septa, and the latter lacking the subterminal elevation, a condition which may, however, be due
to immaturity.

RICKIA Cavara.

Receptacle consisting of a single basal cell surmounted by a cellular portion, the cells of which are
arranged in general in three vertical series: a posterior series each cell of which may cut off externally
one or two small cells bearing secondary sterile appendages or antheridia, and which is terminated by a
single primary appendage borne on a two-celled base: an anterior series similar to the posterior, but
terminating in a perithecium, and a median series ending opposite the base of the primary appendage
and extending downward to the basal cells of the other two series. Antheridia irregularly disposed, the
numbers varying in different individuals, wholly free, subtended by a blackened septum, flask-shaped,
compound. Appendages as in Peyritschiella. Perithecium normally solitary.

This genus, which bears a superficial resemblance to Peyritschiella, is clearly distinguished by its
free compound antheridia which, in general form and appearance, so closely resemble simple antheridia
that they were so described by Cayara. Stained preparations, however, show clearly that the antheridium
consists of a basal cell, immediately above the blackened septum, and that from this basal cell a small
number of antheridial cells arise, discharging together through the common neck. The antheridial cells
are yery small, and I have been unable to make out their disposition more exactly than is shown in Plate
XXXIV, figs. 12 and 13. The structure and development of the receptacle is peculiar and in the material
examined, which was obtained partly through the courtesy of Prof. Cavara and partly from the specimens
distributed by Rehm, does not correspond to the figures which accompany the original description in
Malpighia. The basal cell constitutes a stalk-cell, which may rarely be once-septate, as in fig. 8; but is
usually single. Above this, in the youngest individuals (fig. 1), a subbasal cell is distinguished; above
this two small superposed cells (fig. 4w), one of which may be exceptionally absent, form the base of a
terminal simple primary appendage (fig. 4 v), distinguished by the usual blackened septum. This ap-
pendage, with its two basal cells, develops no further, and is carried upward, without change of form or
structure, by the further growth of the receptacle, which results wholly from the activities of the sub-
basal cell and its products. In the next stage, the subbasal cell is divided by an oblique septum, con-
necting its two opposite angles. The two cells thus formed may be conveniently distinguished as anterior
(on the perithecial side) and posterior. In the third stage (fig. 2) the conditions are similar to those of
the second, except that the posterior cell (at the right of y) has become divided to an upper (0) and a lower
(z) cell by a transverse septum. The lower of these two cells (fig. 3z), then begins to-grow outward dis-
tally, to form later the first secondary appendage, which may or may not be associated with a first an-
theridium as in fig. 11, at right. In the next stage (fig. 4), the upper (0) of the two cells which have
resulted from the division of the posterior cell, divides into two cells by a longitudinal septum and the
remainder of the receptacle results from the activity of these two cells together with that of the original
anterior cell (y) at the right in fig. 4, which has, as yet, only elongated. Of these three cells, the anterior
(y) produces the anterior, or perithecial series of the receptacle, with its secondary appendages and an-
theridia; the posterior (x) produces the posterior series with its antheridia and secondary appendages;
while the middle cell produces the middle or axial series. The further development of these series will
be made sufficiently clear by an examination of the successive figures, if it is remembered that figs. 1, 3,
4, 7 and 10 are drawn with the anterior side at the right; while in the remaining figures it lies at the
left. ‘The activity of the three cells just referred to, (x) and (y), with the cell lying between them in fig. 4,
results from the separation of a terminal cell from each, which, acting as a scheitel-cell, continues to cut
off cells below, which, in the anterior and posterior series, become secondarily divided to produce the
small cells on which the antheridia and secondary appendages are inserted. While the anterior and
posterior series are morphologically branches, and their growth a terminal growth, the central axis is

248 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

strictly intercalary in its origin, and its development may be compared to the trichothallic growth of
certain alge.

Although from his observations on the relation of this parasite to its host, Cavara appears to be in-
clined to regard the Laboulbeniales generally as saprophytes, the occurrence of a number of rhizoidal
forms seems to render it quite certain that they feed on the juices of the insect which in this, as in a
majority of cases, are absorbed, without penetration, through the sucker-like foot.

The genus is closely allied to the succeeding one, from which it differs especially in the possession
of an antheridium which is compound at maturity.

Rickxta WaAsMANNI Cavara. Plate XXXIV, figs. 1-13.

Cavara: Malpighia, Vol. XIII, p. 182, Pl. VI, 1899. Thaxter: Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p.
39. Rick: Oester. Bot. Zeitschr., April, 1903, p. 163, with figure. Exsic., Rehm Ascomyceten, No. 1451.
Basal cell about as long as, or longer than, the rest of the receptacle; the axial series of cells, ex-

tending to a point nearly opposite the middle of the perithecium; consisting of about six cells, more or
less; its lowest cell lying above the basal cells of the other two series: the anterior series consisting of
from four to five cells, the two lower longer, the lowest only occasionally appendiculate; the posterior
series consisting of usually five or six cells, exclusive of the two (rarely single) basal cells of the primary
appendage which terminates this series. The members of both the anterior and posterior series, with
the usual exception of the basal cell of the anterior series, cutting off a smaller cell distally and exter-
nally, which usually cuts off a second small cell; each of these bearing either sterile appendages or an-
theridia. Antheridia relatively small, flask-shaped, the venters evenly inflated and evenly curved to
the narrow necks which are about half as long as the venters. Secondary and primary appendages
hyaline, or suffused with brown, simple, mostly inflated, short. Perithecium somewhat asymmetrical,
its outer margin and distal half tapering to the somewhat irregular blunt, or truncate, hardly differen-
tiated tip. Perithecium 40-50 X 18-22 yw. Spores 28 X 2.5 w. Total length to tip of perithecium,
average 150 #, maximum 200 y. Antheridia about 12 X 4 yp.

On all parts of Myrmeca levinodes Nyl. Linz on the Rhine. (Wassmann.)

This species is said to be abundant in the localities where it has been found, parasitizing a majority
of the individuals in certain nests of its host. I have thus far been unsuccessful in attempting to find
it in this country, where it seems to be replaced by the curious little Laboulbenia Formicarum. In ex-
ceptional cases, especially when the primary perithecium has been destroyed, or has failed to develop,
secondary perithecia may arise from one or more cells of the receptacle below, as is the case in Peyrit-
schiella and in other genera.

DISTICHOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 308. July, 1905.

Receptacle consisting of a basal and subbasal cell, surmounted by two parallel series of cells of in-
definite number, any of which may bear either a sterile appendage, or an antheridium, externally; one
of the series ending in a perithecium, the other terminated by the primary appendage. Appendages
of the same type as those of Rickia and Peyritschiella. Antheridia at maturity terminal on a unicellular
branch, becoming quite free in a compact group.

This genus is distinguished from Rickza by its ultimately free antheridial cells which are apparently
developed originally as in the typical compound antheridium. The terminal cell which would ordi-
narily form the common efferent tube being absorbed, or disorganized, so that the antheridial cells appear
to be quite free, as in the Laboulbeniinez, and of the same simple type, closely associated in a compact
terminal group. The very early development of the antheridium has not been seen in any of the speci-
mens examined, but the occurrence of a disorganization, like that described, seems clearly indicated by
the general appearance of the nearly mature antheridial branch, especially by the ridge which is present

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE, 249

below the antheridia, Plate LXXI, fig. 5. If this interpretation of the conditions is correct, the basal
cell, from which, as in other compound antheridia, the antheridial cells arise as endogenous branchlets
proliferating into the terminal cell, by its enlargement and elongation pushes the group of antheridia
through the terminal cell, which is destroyed during the process. ‘The development of the receptacle
is almost exactly that of Rickia, except that the cell (0) of fig. 3, Plate XXXIV, is not divided
longitudinally, but as a result of transverse divisions, develops, like cell (x) of fig. 4, to form the
posterior series of the receptacle, the median series of Rickia not developing at all.

The genus has an especial interest as suggesting that the simple antheridium may possibly have
arisen from the compound, rather than that the reverse has taken place, and as indicating the method
by which this may have been affected. Yet it should not be regarded as in the least proving that the
evolution of the antheridium in the family has not in general been from the simple to the compound
type.

DisticHomyces Leprocuiri Thaxter. Plate LXXI, figs. 1-6.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 308. July, 1905.

Slender and considerably elongated, or sometimes short and stout: the primary axis consisting of
from twelve to thirty cells, more or less, above the subbasal cell of the receptacle, somewhat proliferous
distally beyond the base of the primary appendage, the small cells thus formed, one or two of them ap-
pendiculate, extending to the free tip of the perithecium; the perithecial axis consisting of from six to
twenty-six cells, more or less; the perithecium slightly broader, but not distinguished from the axis,
wholly united on its inner side to the primary axis, more or less strongly curved outward to its blunt sub-
truncate free tip. Appendages as in Peyritschiella, hyaline, rather slender, very variably developed,
borne on a small triangular cell, separated distally and externally from the cells of the axis; sometimes
numerous, often few and scattered, or almost wanting except distally, where all the cells of the primary
axis are usually appendiculate. Antheridial branches borne like the sterile branches, irregular in posi-
tion and number, sometimes even absent, usually confined to the lower half of the axis, more often near
the base, consisting of a short stalk-cell bearing terminally a compact erect group of flask-shaped an-
theridia, usually four or five in number, their short broad necks at first closely approximated or
coherent, divergent only after full maturity. Perithecium 50-55 X 15-20 ». Longer sterile appendages
75 X 6 yw. Antheridial branch, including antheridia, 18 4. Total length, longer 475 * 10 y, shorter
and stouter 125 X 36 yw. Secondary perithecia may develop from cells of either axis if the primary
perithecium does not develop or is destroyed.

On the head, antenn and under surface of Leptochirus sp., Java; Rouyer, No. 1403.

This species shows very considerable variation in its general habit and in the distribution of its
appendages and antheridia, as is indicated by the accompanying figures. As usually happens, individ-
uals which occur on the legs, or in other exposed positions, are commonly short and stout; while those
on the thorax or abdomen are characteristically elongate. On account of its small size and pale color
it is detected with great difficulty.

DICHOMYCES Thaxter.

This genus, of which only three representatives were included in my Monograph, has proved one
of the larger genera of the family, including over twenty species of varied habit, although the general
type is remarkably constant. The species appear to be very sensitive to unfavorable conditions, and
one can usually be sure of finding typically developed individuals only on the body or elytra of the host,
those developed on the appendages being, in general, malformed and continually reverting to the Pey-
ritschiella-condition; losing the bilateral symmetry of the receptacle, which is constant in well developed
individuals of all species, and possessing but a single antheridium. Such a form of D. inaequalis was
formerly described as a new species of Peyritschiella, P. nigrescens, but is undoubtedly a reversion of
this nature. Since Dichomyces must be considered merely as an elaboration of Peyritschiella, this re-

250 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.,

version to a more primitive structure may be compared, perhaps, to the reversions due to wounds or
injuries so often seen in the higher plants. Despite this very common occurrence of Peyritschiella-forms
in probably all the species of Dichomyces, I consider the genus well distinguished by its normally sym-
metrical receptacle and paired antheridia, this condition occurring in Peyritschiella only in exceptional
individuals if at all.

The most striking variation which one finds in the species of Dichomyces is connected with the pres-
ence or absence of the two characteristic ‘‘auricles” which surmount the tips of the perithecia in certain
eases. Although, the presence or absence of such peculiar structures might well be assumed to indicate
a specific difference, it is evident that, in some cases at least, there is a dimorphism in this respect; the
auricled form being usually smaller than the other, and even occasionally associated with it on the same
individual, as in D. hybridus, Plate XXXI, fig. 16. More often, however, as in D. biformis, the two are
always separated on distinct individuals, as is shown in Plate XXXIII, fig. 1-3. This circumstance
renders the separation of the species a matter of considerable difficulty in many cases. For example D.
vulgatus is an auricled form occurring all over the world on various Philonthi, and is associated not infre-
quently on the same insect with a variety having no auricles. This variety may be almost, if not absolutely,
. identical in appearance with the typical D. princeps, a species which is very common and widely distrib-
uted on similar hosts, but which I have not found associated with individuals of an auricled type in its
typical condition, although it is not infrequently found covering the host in great numbers. ‘The ex-
istence of this dimorphism, however, may render necessary the union of these and possibly other forms,
although at the present moment I am inclined to consider them distinct.

The antheridium in this genus, from its position and the usually dark color of the adjacent cells, is
not easily examined; but its structure is evidently like that of most compound antheridia; the antheridial
cells being seemingly proliferations from a subterminal cell into a terminal cell, which serves as a receptacle
for the antherozoids as they are formed, and as a common medium of discharge. These conditions are
indicated in a general way in fig. 4, Plate XXXII, but no form has been examined in which more than
a very general idea of the cell-arrangement could be obtained.

The species of the genus are confined to hosts belonging to the Staphylinide, and are especially com-
mon on members of the large genus Philonthus, some of them being more or less general parasites on
these insects, while others appear to be somewhat definitely restricted in the matter of hosts. That
numerous species exist in addition to those below enumerated cannot be doubted.

If one disregards the tendency, above referred to, to revert to a Peyritschiella-like condition, the
genus is more constant in its characters than almost any other, the only variation of importance being
associated with those forms in which the symmetry is lost through the production of a single perithecium,
as in D. Javanus, Plate XXXII, figs. 1-2. It should be mentioned, however, that in some abnormally
developed forms, or where the primary perithecia have aborted through injury or otherwise, secondary
perithecia may develop from one or both of the two lower tiers, Plate XXXI, fig. 9, a condition seen
occasionally in Peyritschiella. As may be seen by an examination of the accompanying Plates, the
members of this genus, from their symmetrical form and bizarre outline and coloring, are among the
most remarkable and striking members of the group. ‘The scale-like habit and appressed growth are
striking illustrations of adjustment to their conditions of life on the surface of swiftly running hosts.

DICHOMYCES FURCIFERUS Thaxter.

This species, which may be regarded as the type of the genus, occurs on small Philonthi, and is
common in New England. ‘Typical specimens were obtained in the British Museum on P. albipes Gravy.
from Tillsgate, England, and from P. centralis Sharp, from Las Mercedes, Mexico? Nos. 364 and 752 re-
spectively. It was also found on P. discoideus Gray. from Scotland in Dr. Sharp’s collection, No. 1212,
and it has been obtained in abundance about Fresh Pond, Cambridge. Forms which appear very closely
related, if not identical, but varying in minor respects, have also been examined on small Philonthi from

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 251

Ceylon, British Museum, Nos. 377-378: on P. rectangulus Sharp from Japan, Sharp Coll., Nos. 1123
and 1131.

The Scottish and Japanese specimens, as well as many of those from Fresh Pond, were associated
with a second form similar in size and general appearance, except that the fork-like projections were
less prominent, or undeveloped, and that the perithecia were relatively larger and without the charac-
teristic auricles. ‘This same-form without auricles has also been found repeatedly, unaccompanied by
the auricled form, on hosts from Fresh Pond, and has also been examined from the following sources:
on P. einetipennis Fauv., Sharp Coll., No. 1173; and on P. discoideus from the Canaries, British Museum,
No. 404; as well as on Philonthus sp., No. 493, from Balthazar, Grenada, West Indies. Variations
of this simpler form are illustrated in Figs. 10-12, Plate XX XI, and although I was at first inclined to
consider it distinct from both D. furciferus and D. Cafianus, to which it is too closely allied, I have con-
cluded to designate it, provisionally at least, as a variety of the former, in view of the dimorphism which
certainly occurs in various other species of the genus. Of the figures in the accompanying plate, fig. 12
represents the largest individual seen, and is taken from the Abyssinian material, while the two others
were collected about Fresh Pond. Other variations occur which resemble D. jwrciferus more closely in
showing a more marked development of the fork-like projections of the middle tier.

Dicnomyces Brtonucut Thaxter. Plate XXXIII, figs. 6-9.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 27. June, 1901.

Receptacle relatively large and long: the distal tier relatively small, consisting of from eleven to
thirteen short cells, slightly suffused, the median cells little longer than the rest, the series forming slight,
rounded, sometimes almost obsolete lateral projections on either side of the perithecia: the basal cell
small, partly transparent: the lower and middle tiers not distinguished, uniformly opaque; a portion of
the middle cell, and sometimes the tips of other cells in the middle tier, more or less translucent, the
marginal cells ending in a light rounded prominence below the base of the antheridium. Perithecia
normally two, evenly suffused with pale reddish brown, rather long and slender, tapering throughout,
the conformation of the lip-cells much as in D. furctjerus. Spores about 30 X 3 4. Perithecia 75-80
18-20 ». Receptacle 108-126 X 54-58 yp. Total length to tips of perithecia 185-200 yp.

On the abdomen of Belonuchus fuscipes Fauvel. New Guinea. Sharp collection, No. 1090.

This species is most nearly allied to D. jurciferus, from which it is distinguished by its longer more
slender perithecia, and the almost complete opacity of the two lower tiers, the middle one producing in-
conspicuous rounded projections in place of the long fork-like outgrowths characteristic of its ally.

DicHomyces vuLeatus Thaxter. Plate XXXI, figs. 5-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 424. April, 1900.

Receptacle variable, typically short and stout, the basal cell small squarish hyaline; the lower tier
externally opaque, except the whole or the middle of the median cell, or only its upper end, the opaque
margin divergent, extending above the base of the second tier, the blackened margin of which is con-
tinuous with that of the first tier; sometimes, like it, divergent, more often abruptly less divergent or
even erect, extending upward to form on either side free fork-like, usually opaque, sometimes hyaline
projections which may extend to a point somewhat above the middle of the perithecia or may be almost
obsolete; the three middle cells of the middle tier usually more or less conspicuously punctate below,
with transversely elongated blackish brown spots: the antheridia normally placed, unusually long and
large, pointed, with two or three short, inconspicuous normal appendages placed one behind, the rest
external to it. The upper tier distally concave, consisting of from fifteen to twenty-one cells, producing
normally four sometimes two perithecia associated, as usual, with short stout typical appendages. Peri-
thecia erect or slightly divergent, straight, dimorphic: stouter and longer, and ending ina single blunt
tip; or rather short and stout, pale reddish amber-brown, the lower half or third often abruptly lighter,
tapering toa blunt tip, which bears on either side a short, stout, often slightly recurved ear-like outgrowth

MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

252 THAXTER.

formed by the prolongation of the anterior lip-cells, the posterior lips forming a usually angular, some-
times sharply pointed projection between them. Antheridia purplish, nearly straight or slightly curved,
rather abruptly enlarged below the sharply pointed apex, the venter somewhat inflated. Perithecia
80-100 X 25 ». Antheridia 35 X 7 w. Total length to tip of perithecia 200-225 X 100-115 yp.
Appendages 35 yp.

On Philonthus flavolimbatus Erichs., Panama, British Museum, No. 750 (Biologia Coll.); Las Ve-
gas, Mexico, Sharp Coll. No. 1130; P. parvimanus Sharp, Chontales, Nicaragua, British Museum,
No. 746 (Biologia Coll.); Philonthus sp., Mt. Gay, Est Grenada, West Indies, British Museum, 489
(Smith Coll.); P. scybalarius Nord., British Museum, No. 406, Madeira, also Scotland, Sharp Coll.
No. 1126; P. longicornis Steph., British Museum, No. 408, Island of St. Helena, also Missouri, Sharp,
Coll., No. 1127; P. cruentatus Gmel., British Museum, No. 358, Europe; P. varians Peck, British Mu-
seum, No. 359, Ealing, England; Philonthus sp. near varians, Australia, Sharp Coll. 1128; Europe, Berlin
Mus., No. 821; P. dimidiatus Er., British Museum, No. 761, Notting Hill, England. On abdomen. A
form, apparently this species, also from Hong Kong, on Philonthus sp., British Museum, No. 396, on
Philonthus sp. near P. scybalarius Nord., Sydney, Australia, Sharp Collection, No. 1125 (very typical);
P. agilis Grav., Austria, Berlin Museum, No. 822; Philonthus sp., Arabia, Sharp Coll., 1120; P. ebeneus,
Gray., Siberia, Sharp Coll., No. 1121; also Berlin Museum, No. 820, Europe; Philonthus sp., Chile,
Berlin Museum, No. 817; P. bipustulatus Panz., Europe, Berlin Museum, No. 819.

This common and widely distributed form, although it is in its typical form (Plate XXXI, fig. 5)
one of the best distinguished and most easily recognized species in the genus, varies very greatly in the
suffusion and development of its receptacle, which sometimes wholly lacks the black, fork-like upgrowths
so characteristic in the figure referred to. It is very often associated, also, with what appears almost
certainly to be a variety (fig. 9), that lacks the perithecial auricles and differs in its larger longer peri-
thecia, and usually in its larger, sometimes almost colorless, receptacle: such forms, though usually
shorter and stouter than the typical D. princeps, resembling this species very closely. A similar auricled
form has not, however, been found to accompany the typical D. princeps, and specimens of typical D.
vulgatus, from Europe, Australia (fig. 5) and North and South America, correspond in even the most
minute details. Its hosts are usually larger Philonthi on which it may occur in large quantities. The
species is closely allied to D. dubwus.

DicHomyces puBIus Thaxter. Plate XXXII, figs. 7-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 426. April, 1900.

Receptacle much as in D. princeps and similarly colored, smaller, shorter, and stouter, antheridia
large purplish; the distal tier of cells producing typically two, rarely more, perithecia, which are dull
brownish and dimorphous; usually rather slender, tapering slightly, the posterior lip-cells producing
ear-like outgrowths recurved or bent forward as in D. vulgatus: more rarely larger and stouter, the blunt,
often asymmetrical tip without appendages; the two forms sometimes, but not usually, associated on
the same individual: external appendages normally large, long, colorless, reaching to the middle of the
perithecium or even to its tip. Individuals asymmetrical, with a single antheridium and perithecia of
the second type, are not infrequently met with on the legs of the host. Perithecia 70-90 X 20 y, those
without appendages 70-105 X 30-35 yw. Spores 35 X4 yp. Receptacle about 120 X 75 yw. Total
length to tip of perithecium average 190 p.

On Philonthus eneus Rossi, Niagara Falls, New York; Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Mass.

This species was first observed on material sent me from Niagara Falls by Mr. Bullard, and I have
thus far seen it only on this host which is one of the largest species of Philonthus in this region. Abun-
dant material has subsequently been obtained from Fresh Pond, near Cambridge, which, though usually
very constant, often includes individuals in which the perithecia are not auricled and which closely re-
semble forms of D. princeps and some of the forms of D. vulgatus which are without auricles. It is per-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 253

haps possible that these three may be forms of one variable species, but although I have found D. prin-
ceps on a variety of hosts from various parts of the world, and in abundance, I have never seen it asso-
ciated with D. dubius, unless it be on the above mentioned host. D. vulgatus, as I have already men-
tioned, is also associated with a form like D. princeps which is, however, usually larger and stouter with
a tendency to black suffusions along the margins of the first tier (Plate XX XI, fig. 9), a tendency which,
though it may occur in D. dubius, is never seen in D. princeps. In the present species the fork-like up-
growths of the second tier are wholly absent, or rudimentary, and never colored; in striking contrast
to the normal condition in D. vulgatus. Despite these various points of resemblance, a careful reexami-
nation of all the material has confirmed me in the opinion that the present species and probably the two
others above referred to, should be regarded as distinct from one another. As in other cases Peyrit-
schiella-forms, without auricles, are very frequently associated with this species.

DicHomMyces HyBRiIpUS Thaxter. Plate XXXI, figs. 15-19.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 423. April, 1900.

Basal cell small hyaline with a red brown suffusion near the base: lower tier narrow and elongate,
opaque or sometimes with a median translucent line: middle tier rather narrow, not more than five of
the median cells distinguishable, and more or less conspicuously marked on the anterior side by dark
transverse flecks or strize; distally hyaline or merely tinged with reddish brown above, becoming red-
brown and finally opaque below; the margins opaque, continuous with those of the first tier and extend-
ing upward to form fork-like opaque projections, as in D. furciferus, which equal or exceed the upper
tier in length; a single appendage arising posterior to the rather small purplish antheridium: upper
tier relatively large, distally concave, composed of from fifteen to thirty-three nearly hyaline cells with
reddish brown shades along the septa, the median cells sometimes flecked with reddish brown spots or
transverse strize toward the base, bearing two to six perithecia which may be of two types associated
on the same individual or occurring on different individuals: the one type somewhat smaller, straighter
and more erect, reddish brown, the lower half often abruptly paler or nearly hyaline, tapering rather
abruptly to the tip, the lips of which are auriculate much as in D. furciferus; the other type larger,
rather characteristically divergent, tapering rather abruptly to the truncate unmodified apex; append-
ages hyaline, sometimes as long as or even longer than the perithecia. Spores 35 X 4 yu. Perithecia
100-115 X 25-30 w. Total length to tip of perithecium 250-300 pw. Receptacle 175-250 * 85-145 p.

With both types of perithecia (the type form): on Philonthus eneipennis Boh., Paris Museum,
No. 203, Gulf of Oman, India; on Philonthus sp., British Museum, No. 366, Sylhet, Assam, India;
Philonthus sp., Bengal, India, Berlin Museum, No. 825: P. Lewistus Shp., Japan, Sharp Coll., No. 1122;
on Philonthus sp., British Museum, No. 368, Hong Kong, China.

With only one form of perithecium (not appendiculate): on Philonthus ventralis Grav., British
Museum, Ealing, England; Paris, No. 207, Funchal, Madeira; British Museum, No. 426, Europe,
Berlin Museum, No. 823, Europe; Berlin Museum, No. 824, North America; on Philonthus sp., British
Museum, No. 495, Balthazar, Grenada, West Indies; British Museum, No. 369, China; on P. proai-
mus Woll., British Museum, No. 403, Canaries; on P. gemellus Kr., British Museum, No. 367, Ceylon;
on Philonthus sp., Niagara Falls, N. Y. (C. Bullard); Fresh Pond, Cambridge.

The type form of this species in which the ordinary perithecia may be associated with, or wholly
replaced by, a much shorter auriculate form, (figs. 16-17), has been found only on Asiatic material, and
it seems very doubtful whether the form common on P. ventralis and other species of Philonthus should
not be considered a distinct species. It is common on Philonthi about Fresh Pond, but neither in this
nor in any material not Asiatic have I seen the dimorphic forms. The ordinary non-asiatic type has not
been figured, but resembles that shown in fig. 15, perhaps somewhat smaller and more slender with usu-
ally longer and more slender “forks,” and a more marked tendency to divergence in the perithecia,
which is commonly characteristic. A close comparison of the non-auriculate Asiatic type and the ordi-

254 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

nary extra Asiatic type has not enabled me to detect any difference that seems essential. Figs. 16-17
represent the forms which have been taken as the types of this species.
DicHomycEes MapaGAscARENSIS Thaxter. Plate XXXII, figs. 11-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 424. April, 1900.

Basal cell deeply suffused with brown. Lower tier very long and slender, opaque except for a faint
median translucent line: middle tier with three to five of the median cells distinguishable, red-brown;
the rest indistinguishable in the opaque margins which extend upward to form long fork-like outgrowths
on either side that may reach nearly to the tips of the perithecia; antheridia not large, brownish: upper
tier consisting of about twenty-one to twenty-three cells, tinged with reddish brown, relatively large,
deeply concave distally; the median cells like those of the middle tier, marked by fine faint transverse
strie, bearing normally two perithecia which are long and slender, often slightly curved and divergent,
pale reddish brown, the tip narrow, the posterior lip-cells forming two small, slightly divergent projec-
tions or auricles curved at the tips, the anterior lips meeting in a point between them. Appendages hya-
line, sometimes equalling the perithecia in length. Spores very slender and abundant, 35 K 2 ws. Peri-
thecia 125-135 X 25 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 320-350 uw. Receptacle 225-240 & 105 yp.

On abdomen of Philonthus Sikore Fauy., Paris Museum, No. 179, Tananarivo, Madagascar.

This is a large and well marked species, most nearly related to D. hybridus. It does not appear,
however, to be dimorphic. The perithecia are never more than two, although the distal tier is unusually
well developed, and are further more elongate with more slender auricles.

DicHoMYCES BIFORMIS Thaxter. Plate X XXIII, figs. 1-5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 422. April, 1900.

Basal cell hyaline or nearly so, usually somewhat enlarged and often with a heel-like anterior pro-
jection; lower tier rather narrow, quite opaque, the marginal cells extending up to the subterminal margi-
nal cell of the middle tier or to the cell next below it: the middle tier short and stout, the nine to eleven
cells hyaline or faintly reddish brown above, usually becoming more or less suffused below and externally
with brown; the median cells, where suffused, marked by darker transverse flecks on their anterior faces,
the marginal cells ending in a blunt distal often hyaline prominence on either side; antheridia short and
stout subconical, subtended by a single brown inconspicuous appendage: the distal tier assuming in
well developed individuals the form of a rather slender crescent, the number of cells very variable, the
maximum about fifty, sometimes less than half this number, in which case the form is stouter, the margi-
nal cells rarely extending above the tips of the perithecia, which are four to eight in number and of two
kinds which are not known to be associated on the same individual; in the one case they are stouter,
purplish brown, the basal third, or more, often abruptly hyaline or nearly so, the much darker red brown
tip tapering rather abruptly to the apex, which is hyaline, nearly truncate, with a well defined median
blunt projection; the posterior lip-cells prolonged, much as in D. insignis, to form a long horizontal nearly
cylindrical, or slightly tapering, bluntly tipped hyaline appendage on either side; the second type more
often longer and more slender than the first, pale reddish brown, the tip tapering, slightly truncate or blunt,
often with a blunt median projection as in the first type, but without appendages. Perithecia 105-110 X
20-35 p. Receptacle 200 X 100-300 X 270 p.

On Philonthus sp., Niagara Falls, New York, Mr. Charles Bullard: on Philonthus wmbratilis Grav.,
British Museum, No. 362, Leicester, England; Paris Museum No. 206 and British Museum, No. 407,
Madeira; Paris Museum, No. 175, St. Pierre et Miquelon: Scotland, Sharp Collection, No. 1213.

This species has been found by me repeatedly at Fresh Pond on Philonthus umbratilis and in every
case the two forms have been associated. It is perhaps the most remarkable and striking species of the
genus not only from its dimorphism and the highly developed auricles, but from the extraordinary deyel-
opment of the distal tier which, in one specimen observed, bore eight fully developed perithecia although
four or six are most frequently present, I have seen no instances in which the two types of perithecia

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 250

are associated on a single individual and the material examined has been so abundant that it seems hardly
probable that there is ever more than one type in a given individual.

In the Sharp Collection a specimen of Philonthus labeled “P. varians? Victoria, Australia,’ is
parasitized by a form closely related to the present, if not identical with it, but the specimens are too much
broken to render an accurate determination possible. As far as has been definitely determined the host
is always P. wmbratilis, a rather large species with dark secondaries.

DicHoMyceEs InsiaNis Thaxter. Plate XXXII, figs. 3-6.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 421. April, 1900.

Basal cell suffused with reddish brown or partly hyaline; the lower tier wholly opaque or translucent
along the median line; the middle tier consisting of about thirteen to seventeen cells, exclusive of those
which are indistinguishable in the slender fork-like prolongations which extend on either side higher than
the middle of the upper tier, the margin broadly blackened, continuous with the opaque margin of the
lower tier; the lower portion of the three to five median cells marked by a few large scattered transversely
elongated brown patches which merge on either side into the opacity of the marginal cells; antheridia
very large, the venter slightly inflated, the neck sharply pointed, conical, brown, often abruptly contrast-
ing, three to five of the cells immediately external to them bearing normal brownish appendages: distal
tier very large subtriangular, distally concave, consisting of from twenty-nine to thirty-nine narrow and
elongated cells and bearing from four to eight perithecia with some irregularity; the appendages brown-
ish, paired above the subtending cell, not as long as the perithecia. Perithecia relatively small, purplish
brown, tapering almost continuously from the broad base; the tip moderately well distinguished, the
posterior lips prolonged to form long nearly straight and horizontal slightly inflated appendages, which
project from the tip on either side; the anterior lips forming the truncate apex, which consists of two
distinct lateral projections with an intervening convex portion having a median apiculus. Perithecia
about 85 X 30 y, appendages from tip to tip 35-39 w. Antheridia 50 X 11 yw. Receptacle 300-340
200-230 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecitum 375-400 yp.

On an undetermined staphylinid collected by A. R. Wallace at Sarawak, Borneo, Hope Coll. No. 218.

The largest and finest species of the genus, sometimes even larger than the type represented in fig. 3.
The perithecia diverge somewhat from the plane of the upper tier and thus seem in the figure somewhat
shorter relatively than they really are. No indication was seen in the material obtained of the occur-
rence of a second type of perithecium. The figure given of the antheridium is only intended to suggest
its structure, the outlines of the antheridial cells being too confused to draw with exactness. The an-
theridial cells appear to arise from more than one basal cell.

DicHomyces Birrpus Thaxter. Plate XXXII, figs. 14-16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 26. June, 1901.

Basal cell slightly enlarged, pellucid, tinged with brown, about as long as broad: the lower tier,
and more or less of the middle tier, opaque; the marginal cells of the latter forming a bluntly rounded,
sometimes almost obsolete projection on either side, hardly extending above the venter of the short, stout,
short-necked antheridia: the upper tier relatively large, more or less crescent-shaped according to the
degree of lateral development, edged externally with blackish brown, more broadly below, the brown
area punctate; the cells about thirty-one in the larger individuals, the marginal ones forming a rather
slender series, which may curve abruptly upward nearly to the middle of the perithecia, or assume a
more divergent habit; the perithecigerous area horizontal, producing normally four perithecia, three
appendages arising between the two middle ones and one between each of the others, the external cells
bearing appendages as usual which vary in length. Perithecia rather long and slender, hyaline or faintly
yellowish brown, conspicuously tinged with purplish brown below the perfectly hyaline tip, the anterior
lip-cells forming a pointed projection, the posterior ones forming each a relatively large ear-like appendage
which tapers to a pointed apex, and is slightly curved, the two diverging from one another at an angle of

256 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACES.
about 50°. Spores about 38 X 2.5 yw. Perithecium without appendages 126 * 25 y; the appendages
14 w. Receptacle 220-350 & 120-165 pw. Total length to tip of perithecium 300-330 4. Appendages
20-80 p.

On the abdomen of (?) Philonthus sp. Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 1013.

A very beautiful and peculiar species, distinguished from all others by its stout tooth-like auricles
which make the tip of the perithecium appear bifid. Although scanty, the material is in fine condition,
the host having been brought in alcohol by Dr. Dahl.

DicHomycres AuUSTRALIENSIS Thaxter. Plate XXXIII, figs. 10-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 28. June, 1901.

Receptacle usually rather long and narrow, the basal cell relatively large, hyaline or slightly suf-
fused; the margins of the lower tier usually continuous with those of the middle one, the marginal cells
deep blackish brown or quite opaque, the middle cell hyaline or translucent throughout its lower third
often punctate: the middle tier consisting of about nine cells, slightly suffused with pale reddish brown
externally, more or less edged with deep blackish brown; the terminal cells forming a free rounded pro-
jection on either side, extending as high as about the middle of the rather large antheridia, the tips of
which may reach to the base of the perithecia: the upper tier nearly hyaline, consisting normally of
from eleven to thirteen subequal cells, the terminal ones extending but slightly higher than the bases of
the perithecia, which are normally two in number, rather deeply suffused with purplish brown through-
out; the apex hyaline, the posterior lip-cells producing each a relatively large bluntly pointed appendage,
the two diverging nearly at right angles to the axis of the perithecium, becoming slightly recurved, the
distance from tip to tip about twice the diameter of the perithecium. Appendages nearly as long as the
perithecia. Perithecium 60-70 * 16-20 y, its appendages 18 4. Receptacle 90-100 X 42-48 ». Total
length to tip of perithecium 160-170 y.

On the superior surface of the abdomen of Quedius ruficollis Gray., Sharp Collection, No. 1102.

A species peculiar for its long recurved auricles which are unlike those of any other species except
D. Mexicanus from which its compact form, dark color, cylindrical auricles, and pointed tip serve readily
to distinguish it.

Dicnomyces Mexicanus Thaxter. Plate XX XIII, figs. 14-17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 28. June, 1901.

General habit much like that of D. princeps, generally rather long and slender. Basal cell hyaline,
the lower tier relatively long and narrow broadly edged externally with black; the median cell hyaline,
or only the marginal cells slightly suffused with smoky brown: the middle tier distinguished from the
lower by a slight prominence, hyaline, seven to nine-celled; the marginal cells protruding but slightly
on either side; the antheridia brownish, short, stout, blunt-pointed: the upper tier relatively very long,
sometimes twice as long as the middle tier, consisting of from nine to eleven cells; the marginal cells pro-
truding but slightly on either side, very much as in the middle tier. Perithecia normally two, about as
long as the distal tier and concolorous with it, or somewhat darker, rather stout, tapering but slightly;
the tip rather abruptly distinguished, broadly truncate with a slight median projection; the posterior
lip-cells giving rise each to a long horizontal appendage, which becomes recurved, is bluntly pointed and
somewhat narrower toward the base, the distance from tip to tip often twice the diameter of the perithe-
cium. In a few specimens the receptacle and perithecia are somewhat evenly suffused with smoky brown.
Perithecia 75-85 X 25-30 p, the appendages 18-22 ». Receptacle 165-200 X 55-70 w. Total length
235-275 pu.

On the inferior surface of the abdomen of Philonthus atriceps Sharp. Jalapa, Mexico. Sharp
Collection, No. 1112. Specimens, sometimes occur in which the tips of the perithecia are blunt and
unmodified, but this condition may haye resulted from breakage or be due to immaturity. The species
is closely related to D. Australiensis, from which it differs in its more elongate form, somewhat clavate

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 257

auricles, and the conformation of the tip of the perithecium. A few specimens lack entirely the usual
blackish-brown suffusions, and except for the auricles very closely resemble typical individuals of D.
princeps. It was found abundantly on a single specimen in a large series of its host in Dr. Sharp’s
Collection.

DicHomyces PreruviANus Thaxter. Plate XXX, figs. 3-5.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 426. April, 1900.

Receptacle with faint brownish shades especially along the septa, almost in the form of two super-
posed isosceles triangles, the lower very regular, including the basal cell and the first and second tiers,
its distal margin horizontal, the upper truncate at the base and distally concave. The basal cell short,
the lower tier consisting of from three to four cells, nearly equal in length; the middle tier of typically
thirteen cells, the antheridia of medium size, the outer five cells distally appendiculate, one of the append-
ages situated behind the antheridium as usual; the distal series consisting of usually twenty-seven cells
bearing typically four perithecia, the appendages placed as usual, colorless, somewhat shorter than the
perithecia, which are mostly brownish externally and hyaline on the inner side, the brown or reddish
fawn-color sometimes predominating, asymmetrical, somewhat inflated, slightly bent inward near the
tip which is small, pointed, and well distinguished. Perithecia about 120 K 30 yp. Receptacle 207—
240 X 140-175 ». Appendages 185 y (longest). Total length to tip of perithecium 300-350 y.

On Brachyderus simplex Sharp, Sharp Collection, No. 774. Peru. On Plociopterus letus Sharp,
Garrao, Amazon, Sharp Collection, No. 1156.

The types of this species from Peru (fig. 4) are somewhat more slender and darker than the Amazon
material (fig. 3). The species differs from all others by the pointed tip of its perithecium, which results
from a prolongation of the posterior lip-cell, 7. e. on the side opposite that which corresponds to the in-
sertion of the antheridia. The suffusion of the anterior and posterior wall-cells is also a well marked
character not seen elsewhere, the limitation of perithecial suffusions in other species being transverse, as a
rule. It is most nearly allied to D. princeps, stout forms of which often resemble it closely except for
the perithecial suffusions and pointed tip.

DicHOMYCES PRINCEPS Thaxter.

The occurrence of forms resembling this species, or identical with it in appearance, has been noted
under D. vulgatus and D. dubius. Specimens of the typical form occurring unassociated with any other
have been found as follows. British Museum No. 371, Philonthus sp., Blois, France; No. 380, Phil-
onthus sp., 5. W. Australia; No. 406, Philonthus Seybalarvus, Madeira; No. 424, Philonthus cephalotes
Gray., Europe; No. 372 on Philonthus sp., North India; No. 743, (Biologia Coll.), Mexico, on Quedio-
marcus punicerpennis Solsk.: Paris Museum; No. 208, on P. longicornis Steph. Madeira; No. 46, on
? Philonthus sp. Mexico; Berlin Museum No. 815, P. sordidus, Europe; No. 816, on Philonthus sp., St.
Vincent: Sharp Collection, No. 1118, on P. sordidus, California.

DicHomycEs INFEcTUS Thaxter. Plate XXXI, figs. 3-4.

This species, which was described from a unique type, has been found again at Fresh Pond, Cam-
bridge, on Xantholinus obsidianus sometimes associated with D. furcatus, or a form hardly distinguishable
from this species. It usually assumes the form represented in fig. 4, but sometimes develops short “forks”
as in fig. 3. The perithecia are always normally paired and usually diverge decidedly.

Dicnomyces ANGOLENSIS Thaxter. Plate XXX, figs. 6-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 421. April, 1900.

Basal cell hyaline. Lower tier opaque or the middle cell subhyaline, the marginal cells opaque,
extending up on either side of the middle tier: middle tier relatively large, consisting of about thirteen
to sixteen hyaline cells, the three to four external ones continuing the margin of the first tier directly and
either subhyaline or blackened below, each bearing a normal appendage; the antheridia of medium

258 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

size, brownish: upper tier smaller, shorter, and narrower than the middle one, consisting of from thirteen
to fifteen hyaline cells: distally slightly concave, bearing a pair of perithecia, the appendages small,
hyaline. Perithecium large and stout, straight, faintly brownish, slightly inflated, tapering distally to the
nearly symmetrical truncate apex. Perithecia 120-135 X 30 y. Length to the tip of perithecium 250 y..
Greatest length of receptacle 140 X 75 p.

On elytra of Philonthus sp. indet. British Museum, No. 379. Angola, Africa.

This species is characterized by the relatively small distal tier and well developed middle tier which,
however, produces no black fork-like prolongation, or a very short one. Although I should be at a loss
where to refer it, I should not, with my present knowledge of the genus, be inclined to describe it as
a distinct species without examining more material: yet it appears to differ from any forms with which
it might be confused, by the inconsiderable development of its upper tier.

DicHomMyces CariaNus Thaxter. Plate XXX, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 425. April, 1900.

Tinged with dull amber-brownish throughout, the perithecia darker. Basal cell nearly hyaline,
the lower tier as in D. vulgatus, the opacity involving in general but half of the upper (external) cells,
the septa of which are visible on the inner side, the median cell dark brown, its lower half or more opaque:
the middle tier consisting of typically thirteen cells, the margins unmodified and ending in a short external
rounded projection, which does not extend beyond the base of the upper tier; the rather inconspicuous
antheridium normally placed, concolorous, a single short appendage close behind it: the upper tier con-
sisting of from nineteen to twenty-three, usually twenty-one, cells, forming an inverted crescent, the
short, stout, bladder-like appendages arranged as in D. vulgatus. Perithecia normally two in number,
somewhat inflated externally, nearly straight, slightly asymmetrical, rather stout, tapering to the bluntly
pointed undifferentiated tip. Spores 45 X 4.5 yw. Perithecia 120-140 X 35-40 yw. Receptacle 200-
250 X 100-140 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 310-350 uw. Appendages about 20 X 6 p.

On Cafius puncticeps White, British Museum, No. 381. Colenso, Natal, Africa.

This species is very similar to the variety of D. fureiferus which is described under that species (Plate
XXXI, figs. 10-12), but is much larger than the largest individuals seen in the abundant material of this
form which has been examined. The perithecia are relatively smaller and the receptacle relatively larger,
especially the upper tier, which is more highly developed. The present species has an individuality
which it is hardly possible to describe, and although the two forms appear in general so closely allied ~
they are very readily distinguished when the actual specimens are compared. It must be admitted,
however, that the two may prove varieties of one species, although I am distinctly of opinion that they
should be kept distinct.

DicHomycEs EXxILIs Thaxter. Plate XXXI, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 420. April, 1900.

Basal cell hyaline. Median cell of lower tier deeply suffused with brown but not opaque; marginal
cells wholly opaque or translucent on the inner margins, extending upward so as to enclose the base of
the second tier; second tier consisting typically of thirteen cells, colorless or partly suffused with brownish,
the antheridia large brownish straight or slightly curved, the venter inflated, the cells external to them,
appendiculate, the outer three free above the marginal prolongation of the lower tier and forming a short —
blunt projection on either side: upper tier like the middle one, mostly somewhat longer and narrower,
consisting of from thirteen to fifteen cells, the sub-median ones nearly triangular and for the most part
distally overlapped by the external cells next in order and the basal cells of the perithecia. Perithecia
typically two, pale brownish amber, long and narrow, slightly if at all inflated, tapering gradually to the
undifferentiated broad nearly truncate apex. Spores 35 X 4 uw. Perithecia 130-140 X 22 w. Recepta-
cle 130-140 X 22 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 250-275 p.

On Philonthus xanthomerus Kraatz., British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 751, San Andres, Vera

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 259

Cruz; on Philonthus oxysporus Sharp, Oaxaca, Mexico. Sharp Collection, No. 1113, on Belonuchus
Jormosus Sharp Coll. No. 1138, Jalapa, Mexico.

This species appears to vary to a form in which the perithecia are not greatly elongated, but it is
possible that two distinct species are associated in the material examined. ‘The typical form (fig. 2)
which may develop four very elongate perithecia is sufficiently distinguished by this character from all
others.

Dicnomyces JAvVANUS Thaxter. Plate XXXII, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 420. April, 1900.

Perithecium solitary as long or longer than the receptacle, clear dark reddish brown, translucent,
straight or slightly curved, rather slender, of about the same diameter throughout, the tip usually abruptly
distinguished, and more or less conspicuously bent to one side, tapering but little to the rather broad
blunt undifferentiated apex. Receptacle rather narrow, the basal cell dark red-brown below, nearly
hyaline above; the central cell of the lower tier dark red or red-brown, lighter or hyaline at the base;
the cells on either side symmetrical, blackish brown, opaque, extending upward so as to partly enclose
the base of the second tier, the margins of the two tiers coincident: the second tier composed of from

_seven to nine cells, hyaline or becoming suffused below with reddish brown, bearing a well defined sharply
pointed purplish slightly asymmetrical antheridium, on either side, which is subtended by from one to
two typical rather short appendages: the upper tier very similar to the middle, or slightly larger, nearly
hyaline, the single perithecium rising to the right of the median appendage, the right half of the tier thus
somewhat larger and higher than the left, three typical appendages usually present on either side. Peri-
thecia 145 X 26 w. Spores about 36 x 4 yw. Receptacle 120-140 X 50 yp. Total length to tip of
perithecium 250-275 yp.

On the abdomen of Philonthus sp. Java, British Museum, No. 375.

This small species is well distinguished by its geniculate habit, and the abruptly bent tip of its elongate
single perithecium.

Dicnomyces Homatot# Thaxter. Plate XXXI, figs. 13-14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 29. June, 1901.

Form short and stout. Basal cell geniculate, more or less suffused: the lower tier more or less,
sometimes wholly, suffused with reddish brown; the margins darker, more or less translucent, without
contrasts, the outline somewhat uneven, the transition to the middle tier indicated by a distinct promi-
nence: the middle tier consisting of from nine to (rarely) thirteen cells, hyaline or subhyaline, with slight
lateral suffusions; the marginal cells ending in a slight kyaline rounded projection, not extending higher
than the venters of the somewhat suffused curved antheridia or extending upward nearly to the middle of
the perithecium, with black marginal suffusions and usually asymmetrical on the two sides: the upper
tier relatively small, the cells subequal, hyaline, asymmetrical, owing to the development of but one peri-
thecium; the appendages often equalling, or exceeding the perithecium in length. Perithecium charac-
teristically short and stout, inflated below, sometimes oval, tapering somewhat abruptly distally, to the
rather broadly truncate, or slightly rounded unmodified apex. Spores 33 X 3 4. Perithecia 65-75 X
25-30 p. Receptacle 70-90 X 40-55 ». Total length 125-165 p.

On Homalota sordida Marsh. Fresh Pond, Cambridge, and Kittery Pt., Me.

A species not very frequently met with and first observed by Mr. Bullard. When mature (fig. 14)
it is clearly distinguished from other species having a single perithecium by its asymmetrical middle tier,
long appendages, and red-brown translucent suffusions, which often extend to the middle cells of the
middle tier without involving the septa. The species is further exceptional, like D. Peruvianus, from the
numerous appendages developed on the cells of the middle tier. Curiously enough, it is partial to the
head and anterior superior portions of its host, where it is most frequently found, although it also occurs
on the abdomen. It is probable that it infests more than one species of Homalota, but only a single indi-
vidual has been determined.

260 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

DICcHOMYCES INZQUALIS Thaxter.
Syn. Peyritschiella nigrescens Thaxter.

I have already called attention to the fact that Peyritschiella nigrescens figured in my monograph is
undoubtedly a “‘reversion” of this species to the Peyritschiella-condition, a phenomenon which is likely
to occur in all the species of Dichomyces when the individuals grow under unfavorable conditions, as on
the legs of the host. The typical D. inequalis seems to occur only on Philonthus debilis and is very con-
stant in its characters. A single specimen of this host in Dr. Sharps collection, No. 1213, from Scotland,
was found infested, and the individuals correspond exactly to the American types.

PEYRITSCHIELLA Thaxter.

I have already called attention to the close connection of this genus with Dichomyces from which
it differs only in its asymmetrical habit, and also to the fact that a majority of the species of the latter
genus assume the typical Peyritschiella-type when growing under unfavorable conditions as on the legs
of their hosts. Despite this fact I feel that the two genera are best kept apart, and are sufficiently dis-
tinguished.

PEYRITSCHIELLA PROTEA Thaxter. Plate XXX, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 427. April, 1900.

Perithecia translucent, brownish amber-colored, rather stout and symmetrically inflated, the sym-
metrical tip tapering rather abruptly, the apex rather narrow truncate, the lip-edges unmodified. Recep-
tacle nearly or quite hyaline, consisting of a single basal cell, above which the three typical tiers of cells
are very variously developed: the lowest of these may rarely consist of a single cell, often of three which
do not project laterally, or in well-developed specimens of as many as twelve or more cells, those external
to the middle three forming on either side distal external angular usually asymmetrical projections, one
or both of which may bear terminally one or even two perithecia and typical appendages: the middle
series like the lower, when the latter is well developed, subtriangular in form, consisting of sometimes
as many as fifteen to eighteen cells, generally somewhat asymmetrical; a single perithecium usually aris-
ing distally from the projecting portion on either side, together with numerous typical appendages: the
distal tier similar to the middle one, mostly smaller, somewhat asymmetrical, bearing usually a single
perithecium above the median cell, though not produced from it, the remaining cells bearing typical
appendages, often as long or longer than the perithecium, the small subtending cell being unusually
well defined. Subject to great variation, and sometimes producing more than one antheridium. Peri-
thecia 80-96 X 32 yp. Receptacle 270 X 80-100 to 120 X 45 ». Total length to tip of perithecium
200-350 yp.

On Bledius bicornis Germ., British Museum, No. 392, Europe (Thuringia), No. 432, Europe; on
Oxytelus rugosus Fabr., British Museum, No. 450, Hampstead, England; on Acrognathus mandibularis
Gyll., British Museum, No. 434, Europe; on Oaytelus sp., Fresh Pond, Cambridge. On legs, elytra,
and prothorax.

In small specimens the two lower tiers may be but slightly developed, bearing neither appendages
nor perithecia, the middle producing one antheridium, the number of cells and appendages on one side
of the perithecium being, as in all species, greater than on the other. Occasionally, as in fig. 9, accessory
perithecia may develop from the middle or even the second tier, and a second antheridium, even, may
arise; but such conditions are abnormal. Although the simplest individuals differ so widely in appear-
ance from those more highly developed, I think that I am right in placing under this species all the forms
here included. The specimens from Bledius bicornis are regarded as the type forms, and both figures
have been drawn from this material.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA. 261

PEYRITSCHIELLA AMAZONICA Thaxter. Plate XXX, fig. 10.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 427. April, 1900.

Perithecium translucent brown, about as long as the receptacle, sub-clavate, large, contracted below
to form a neck-like base, somewhat inflated distally, the tip well, though not abruptly distinguished,
tapering to the nearly truncate apex formed by the slightly expanded tips of the lip-cells which are other-
wise unmodified. Receptacle rather narrow, pale translucent brown, consisting of a single basal cell
followed by three tiers of cells; the lower symmetrical or nearly so, consisting of three long narrow nearly
equal cells not appendiculate and not projecting laterally: the middle tier not asymmetrical, consisting
of about twelve cells, the series projecting distally on either side, all the cells, except the three larger me-
dian and the external ones, producing distally short typical appendages, the third cell on the right from
the median cell bearing a prominent erect antheridium: the terminal tier very similar to the middle
one, consisting of about the same number of cells which produce short typical appendages distally and
(in the types) a single nearly median perithecium. Perithecia 200-210 X 36 yp. Receptacle 225 <
70 ». Antheridium 45 » long. Total length to tip of perithecium about 400 yp.

On an undetermined staphylinid. British Museum, No. 400, Nanta, Amazon River.

This and the following species, P. Xanthopygi, should in all probability be united, although none
of the numerous specimens of the latter possess the stalked and subclavate perithecia characteristic of
the present species, and there are slight differences in the form and structure of the receptacle. Although
I do not regard them as distinct, both names are here provisionally retained until more and better mate-
tial of the present form can be examined.

PEYRITSCHIELLA XANTHOPYGI Thaxter. Plate XXX, fig. 11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 29. June, 1901.

Basal cell of the receptacle very small, or hardly distinguished from the foot: the first tier consisting
of three subequal cells without appendages, the middle one somewhat shorter than those on either side
of it: the second tier asymmetrical, consisting of three subequal median cells, the margins of the two
outer free below for nearly half their length and coincident with the margins of the tier below, the appen-
diculate ‘‘marginal”’ cells, about three to five on either side, separated from them as usual by oblique
septa; the first on the right bearing the large, slender, pointed, nearly straight purplish antheridium:
the upper tier consisting of about fifteen or more cells, the series distally concave, rising abruptly upward
on either side above the base of the perithecium and bearing the usual appendages. Perithecium soli-
tary at the right of the median (primary) appendage, almost symmetrically inflated from base to apex,
dull purplish; the tip slightly darker, hardly distinguished; the apex truncate, sometimes slightly spread-
ing; the lip-cells hardly projecting. Perithecia 115-150 * 34-42 ». Receptacle 200 X 65-70 p. Total
length to tip of perithecium 310-360 y.

On the abdomen of Xanthopygus Solskyi Sharp. Sharp Collection, No. 1158.

A form which is probably not distinct from P. Amazonica, although differing in possessing a stalked
and symmetrical perithecium.

LIMNAIOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 428. April, 1900.

Receptacle consisting of two portions, a basal part below the perithecium and a distal part united
to its posterior margin; the basal portion consisting of a single basal cell, surmounted by two tiers of
cells, the anterior cell of the upper tier giving rise to a compound antheridium in structure similar to
that of Peyritschiella: the distal (marginal) portion consisting of an inner and an outer elongated cell,
the inner terminating in one of the bell-shaped appendiculate cells characteristic of Chitonomyces, sepa-
rated from the simple appendage by a broad, constricted, blackened septum; the outer, by successive
subterminal external proliferations, forming a series of cells from which a smaller secondary appendiculate
cell is separated above. The proliferation taking place to the right and left successively, so that the
appendages appear to arise in two rows.

262 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

This aquatic genus forms a very perfect link between the closely allied aquatic genus Chitonomyces
and the terrestrial genera Peyritschiella and Dichomyces. The antheridium, unlike that of Chitonomyces,
is inserted laterally, like that of Peyritschiella, although in a different relation to the perithecium, and
its character can readily be determined. The regular arrangement of the cells of the receptacle in tiers
recalls very strongly the conditions in the terrestrial genera just mentioned, although the perithecium
comes to be related to the receptacle as it is in Chitonomyces, the marginal portion, as in this genus, being
terminated by a similar characteristic, bell-shaped cell. Both the species occur in North America on
large water beetles, Hydrophilide.

Limnatiomyces TropisterRNI Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 14-15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 428. April, 1900.

Perithecium amber-brown, straight, erect, with a slight nearly median inflation, or tapering but very
slightly to the undifferentiated tip; the upper half free. Receptacle pale straw-colored, distally dull
amber-brownish, the foot minute, black; the basal cell short and small, the lower tier consisting of two
cells which are nearly equal, several times as long as broad: the second tier consisting of three cells, the
posterior one longest, the median longer than the anterior, which terminates in the antheridium, which
is subtended by four basal cells, two of them outer and lower and separated by oblique partitions, while
a smaller upper one lies on either side: above the antheridium two vertically elongated cells form the
clearly defined base of the perithecium; external to these cells, and somewhat obliquely separated from
them, lies the broad base of the inner marginal cell of the distal portion of the receptacle, which lies next
above the middle cell of the upper tier, its cavity nearly obliterated above as the spores mature, the pri-
mary appendiculate cell which terminates it rather elongate; the proliferation of the outer marginal
cell beginning quite near its base, forming a series of about eight cells separated by oblique septa and
terminated by small appendiculate cells; the appendages very small, vesicular, brownish below. Peri-
thecia 127-175 X 35-37 ». Receptacle, distal part 75-110 uw. Appendages 6 X 34. Total length to
tip of perithecitum 240-375 yp, to tip of receptacle 190-265 yp.

On Tropisternus sp. indet., Paris Museum, No. 47. Mexico. On tip of abdomen.

This species is conspicuous from its large size and dark brown color, and is readily seen projecting
from the tip of its host’s abdomen. That it has been observed only once on specimens in alcohol in the
Paris Museum, may perhaps be accounted for by the fact that it appears to be very readily detached,
and grows in an exposed situation. In any case it has been sought for in vain on the very numerous
Central and South American Tropisterni that have been subsequently examined.

Limnatomyces Hyprocuaris Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 16-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 429. April, 1900.

Hyaline. Perithecium rather stout and short, somewhat inflated, its tip abruptly bent outward,
the apex bluntly rounded or nearly truncate; the tip and the appendiculate cell usually symmetrically
divergent. Basal portion of the receptacle relatively short and stout but otherwise similar in structure
to that of L. Tropisterni; the two basal cells of the perithecium almost obliterated at maturity so that
its base appears to rest immediately on the antheridium; the distal portion of the receptacle bordering
the perithecium to its tip, the inner cell becoming almost wholly obliterated in the middle and terminat-
ing in a short bell-shaped appendiculate cell which is slightly divergent: the outer marginal cell usually
proliferating three times; of the three cells thus formed the two inner, as a rule, produce well developed,
long, simple, hyaline appendages; not, however, as well developed as the primary appendage, which may
be twice as long as the perithecium. Spores 50 X 3 py. Perithecia 60-80 X 17-20 y. Receptacle,
basal part, 50 X 20-26 y, distal part 50-62 4. Appendages, longest, primary 140 yw, secondary 70 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecium 100-128 p.

At tip of abdomen of Hydrocharis obtusatus Say, Cutts Island, Kittery Point, Maine.

Unlike the preceding species the present form, being small and pale, is seen with great difficulty,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®. 263

growing as it does appressed on the anal appendages of its host. Although I have examined many speci-
mens of Hyrocharis from the same locality, a pond occupying the highest point on Cutt’s Island, as well
as from other localities in North and South America, I have seen this species but once.

CHITONOMYCES Peyritsch.

The additions to this genus have not been very numerous since the publication of my monograph,
in part because no special effort has been made to obtain them, and in part for the reason that small
exotic Dytiscidee do not appear to be well represented in the collections examined. Moreover, after the
host has been mounted and has become well dusted, it is almost absolutely impossible to see the smaller
forms. ‘The genus is no doubt a large one, and species are sure to be multiplied when the tropical forms
can be examined fresh or in alcohol. Nevertheless a few very characteristic forms are herewith illus-
trated, among which C. psittacopsis and C. Bullardi are among the most singular yet discovered. A
special interest also attaches to C. Javanicus, since, with C. marginatus and C. melanurus, it represents
a small group of species, closely allied and evidently either derived from one another or from a common
source, and all growing in exactly the same position on the same (left) wing of species of Laccophilus.

No attempt has been made since the publication of my Monograph to determine more exactly the
nature of the antheridium which, in most species, is so small that it can be detected only with the greatest
difficulty, placed as it is on the side of the individual next the perithecium and thus never visible in pro-
file. A careful study of the antheridia, in forms like C. rhyncostoma or C. paradoxus, in which they
appear to be unusually large, is much to be desired. The close relation of this genus to Limnaiomyces
in which the compound antheridia are evident, cannot be doubted.

All the species added herewith afford further illustrations of the remarkable constancy with which
these plants occur in definite positions on the hosts, a condition which is to me quite inexplicable unless,
as previously suggested, it is brought about by automatic motions of the legs while the insects are in
coitu. ‘This explanation, however, seems insufficient to account for the restriction of eight or nine species
on a single host to a corresponding number of definite positions.

The two nearly related species, C. Aethiopicus and C. Orectogyri should probably be removed from
this genus, although very closely related to it. It will be necessary to examine young conditions, however,
before this can be determined. With the exception of these two forms which occur on Gyrinide, the
species of the genus are all found on small water beetles belonging to the Dytiscide and Haliplide.

Cuitonomyces Hyproport Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 28-29.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 32. June, 1901.

Receptacle nearly hyaline, the subbasal cell flattened, many times smaller than the basal cell, slightly
inflated and distinguished from the cells above and below by slight constrictions; the two cells above
subequal, the posterior somewhat broader, and separated from the lower marginal cell of the distal por-
tion by an oblique curved septum, which overlaps its upper fourth; the subterminal marginal cell often
nearly as long as the lower, the narrow upper half, or more, of which it overlaps. The lower appendicu-
late cell rather small, the upper terminal one of the typical form, relatively rather long, distinguished by
a slight constriction, the appendage extending beyond the tip of the perithecium. Perithecium relatively
large, its upper half, or more, free, distally broader, the outer margin nearly straight with as light subter-
minal rounded elevation below the abruptly rounded projecting outer brownish lip-cells; the apex other-
wise flat, broad, bent outward so as to be slightly oblique, the inner margin below it bulging and curved
throughout. Spores 55 X 4 yw. Perithecium 98-108 X 25 4. Receptacle to base of perithecium 80 y,
to tip of terminal cell 150 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 185 4.

On the mid-elytron of Hydroporus modestus Aubé, Cape Neddock, Maine (Mr. Bullard); on Hy-
droporus sp., Daytona, Florida.

This species is distinguished by the broad out-turned tip of its perithecium and the enlargement of
the cells immediately above the very small subbasal cell. The Florida specimens are slightly smaller

264 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

than those from Maine and were found on the inferior surface of the abdomen of a small Hydroporus.
They correspond with the types, however, in all essentials.
CHITONOMYCES FLormpANuS Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 36-38.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 430. April, 1900.

Pale straw colored with a smoky, brownish tinge, the basal and subbasal cells relatively large, the
former rather elongate, the latter broader than long, the distal cell erect, conical, appendiculate, its basal
septum horizontal. Perithecium relatively large, distally somewhat inflated, the posterior margin to the
apex nearly straight, the tip moderately well distinguished, the inner margin strongly convex between
the tip and the secondary appendage; the lip-cells each forming a more or less distinct papilla. Spores
relatively large about 35 X 3 yw. Perithecia 70 X 28 yp. Receptacle, distal part, 62 4, the two basal
cells with foot 52 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 120-138 1.

On Cnemidotus 12-punctatus Say, Eustis Florida, October. On legs and elytra.

An insignificant species superficially resembling Hydraeomyces but structurally different. The
hosts were captured on the margin of Lake Eustis near the landing.

CHITONOMYCES occuLTuS Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 30-31.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 30. June, 1901.

Short and stout, becoming suffused with somewhat smoky amber-brown. Lower portion of the
receptacle deeper brown, the basal cell relatively large, broad distally; the subbasal cell broad and flat-
tened; the lower cell of the distal portion rather large and but slightly overlapped by the subterminal
cell, which may bulge slightly below the terminal cell, the latter being thus turned so as slightly to over-
lap the perithecium. Perithecium short and stout, its upper third or less free, darker brownish exter-
nally; the tip bent outward, tapering rather abruptly to the slightly irregular apex, its outer half or less
suffused with dark brown. Spores about 22 X 2.5 yw. Perithecium 60 < 20 yw. Receptacle to tip of
distal cell 90 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 100 yp.

On the right elytron of Cnemidotus sp. Lake Eustis, Florida.

This characteristic little form grows concealed in a depression of the margin near the middle of
the right elytron and would readily remain unnoticed unless sought for.

CHITONOMYCES PARADOXUS Peyritsch.

Specimens of this form have been obtained on species of Laccophilus from Lake Eustis Florida,
and again from L. minutus and L. hyalinus from Europe (British Museum No. 487, England, and Berlin
Museum Nos. 1053-1054, from Europe), and a well marked variety, Plate XLII, fig. 39, has been ob-
served on a small Laccophilus from Java (Rouyer, No. 1396). This is distinguished by its more slender
straighter habit, by the more erect and slender terminal horn-like perithecial outgrowth, and by the
conformation about the pore. It grows in exactly the same position as the type form, and though a well
defined variety, should not, I think, be specifically separated.

CHITONOMYCES DENTIFERUS Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 26-27.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 306. July, 1905.

Pale straw-colored. Receptacle nearly straight, the foot large, the basal cell about twice as long
as broad, but slightly broader distally, the subbasal cell broader than long, distinguished above and
below by a more or less distinct constriction, the lower marginal cell longer than the next above it, the
terminal cell subcylindrical with broadly rounded apex bent slightly inward. Perithecium distally
curved inward above a suberect, tooth-like, unicellular appendage, which is curved slightly outward, and
originates above a rounded more deeply colored prominence, which subtends it and lies nearly opposite
the extremity of the distal appendiculate cell of the receptacle, which it about equals in length. The tip
of the perithecium tapering, the lip-cells slender and somewhat elongate, with rounded extremities. Total
length to tip of perithecium 90-110 * 18-20 y. Perithecium about 65 X 18 4. Basal portion of recepta-
cle about 35 4. Spores about 28 X 3 ya.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 265

On the margin of the left elytron of Laccophilus proximus Say, near the base, Lake Eustis, Eustis,
and Daytona, Florida.

This species is distinguished from all others by the position and form of its perithecial appendage.
The tip of the perithecium has the same somewhat shriveled appearance that is seen in C. appendiculatus
from which, though its nearest ally, it is abundantly distinct.

CHITONOMYCES spINosus Thaxter. Plate XLII, fig. 40.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 307. July, 1905.

Basal and subbasal cells of the receptacle subequal, the latter somewhat broader; the lower mar-
ginal cell relatively short and broad; the lower appendiculate cell relatively large; the upper marginal
cell bearing distally a long unicellular amber-brown outgrowth, about half the total length of the indi-
vidual, projecting upward and outward at an angle of about 45°, with a slight terminal twist, and sub-
tended by a prominent bulge of the cell which bears it: the distal appendiculate cell relatively large and
broad. Perithecium rather stout, the transverse limits of the wall-cells indicated externally by more or
less pronounced elevations, the blunt tip somewhat abruptly distinguished above the nearly straight
inner margin. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, including foot, 130 y, greatest width 33 ». Marginal
appendage 45-60 4. Spores about 28 & 2.5 4. Perithecium 75 X 20 p.

On the left posterior leg of Laccophilus sp., Java. Rouyer, No. 1394.

This species is immediately distinguished from all others by the spinous process which projects
from the penultimate cell of the distal portion of the receptacle. Although it occurs in the same position
on its host it does not seem nearly related to C. spinigerus which possesses a spine arising from the base
of the perithecium.

CuiTronomyces Butiarpi Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 32-35.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 31. June, 1901.

Straw-colored becoming tinged with pale amber-brown. Basal cell of the receptacle monstrously
developed, about as long, sometimes twice as long, as the remainder of the plant, its axis coincident with
that of a distal, variably developed, blunt, tooth-like, free posterior projection, near the base of which
the subbasal cell and the remainder of the plant project backward at an angle of about 45°, or less, to
the axis of the basal cell, the separating septum being vertical or nearly so; the subbasal cell small and
flattened: the lower marginal cell of the distal portion of the receptacle subtriangular, short and broad;
the lower appendiculate cell above it relatively large; the subterminal cell larger than the lower marginal
cell, curved inward so that the terminal appendiculate cell projects from it obliquely inward against the
perithecium. Perithecium four fifths or more free, relatively large and stout, distinctly inflated below,
tapering to the tip, which is characteristically modified through the presence of a large claw-like sub-
terminal dark amber-brown external projection, the distal half of which is somewhat abruptly recurved,
like the upper mandible of a parrot, over the small hyaline incurved 4-papillate apex, which is immediately
subtended on the inner side by a small, erect, dark amber-brown, tooth-like process, the blunt tip of which
alone is free. Appendages slender and extending to or beyond the tip of the perithecium. Spores about
20 X 2.5 w. Perithecium average 70-75 X 30-32 » not including the hook-like appendage, which is
25 « to its upper margin. Receptacle: basal cell to tip of prolongation 90-220 * 15-22 y, the portion
above to tip of distal cell 48 y.

On the right inferior anterior margin of the prothorax of Cnemidotus 12-punctatus Say. Cambridge.

This species which has been named for its discoverer, Mr. Charles Bullard, has been seen only on
specimens of Cnemidotus from the vicinity of Fresh Pond. The peculiar development of the receptacle
is associated with its position of growth on the anterior margin of the prothorax, over which it hangs
by the monstrous basal cell. The position of growth is invariable and this invariability is here even
more inexplicable than in other similar instances. The species appears to be very constant varying only
in the length of the basal cell of the receptacle.

266 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

CHITONOMYCES pPsITracopsis Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 23-25.
. Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 30. June, 1901.

Nearly hyaline. Receptacle rather slender, the basal cell several times as long as the squarish sub-
basal cell; the cell above the latter nearly equalling it in size and separated by an oblique septum from
the lowest of the marginal cells, which are all subequal; the terminal appendiculate cell of the usual
form, relatively large and long, without any distinct basal enlargement; the tip of the lower appendicu-
late cell curved slightly outward. Perithecium relatively very large, long, slender, usually curved side-
wise throughout, the upper half tapering very slightly to the curiously modified, clear black contrasting
tip, which resembles the parlty open beak of a parrot; a larger upper recurved mandible-like process
being separated from a second, that resembles a lower mandible, by a hyaline area which includes, and
extends back from, the pore; the lower lip-cells translucent, but suffused with brown in such a way as
to suggest a tongue-like process projecting slightly between the ‘‘mandibles.” Spores very numerous,
completely filling the cavity of the perithecium, greatly attenuated, 85 X 2.54. Perithecium 200 X 30 4.
Receptacle to tip of distal cell 140 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 290-300 y.

On the posterior legs of Laccophilus proximus Say. Lake Eustis, and Daytona, Florida.

This is one of the larger species of the genus and is clearly distinguished by its tip which resembles
a parrot’s beak and by its large size and slender habit. ‘Two hosts were found bearing the individuals,
in groups in the position indicated, which were conspicuous from their large size and contrasting color.

CuitoNoMycEs JAVANIcuS Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 37-388.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 307. July, 1905.

Foot relatively small. Basal cell of the receptacle small and narrow, its basal half or more suffused
with dirty blackish-brown, above hyaline; subbasal cell longer than the basal, and of nearly the same
diameter throughout; the three cells above it subtriangular, about equal in size, darker straw-colored,
or pale amber-brown: the lower marginal cell of the distal portion of the receptacle narrow, clean cut,
darker amber-colored; the lower appendiculate cell above it hyaline, small; the two remaining cells
above and external to it, forming an opaque appendage, shaped like a knife-blade, its tip rounded out-
ward from the inner side to an external blunt apiculus. Perithecium suffused below with pale amber-
brown, long and slender, narrower opposite the insertion of the lower appendage, expanding slightly
above it, the small hyaline apex curved inward and subtended externally by an erect, clear, dark amber-
brown projection, hardly or not at all exceeding it; and on the inner side by a larger, broader, less deeply
colored, spreading cell, which is curved toward the receptacle, the blackened portion of which projects
about half its length above it. Total length to tip of perithectum 165-185 y, to the tip of the black pro-
longation of the receptacle 180-200 yp, greatest width 22-25 yw. Perithecium 90-110 X 16 yw. Basal
portion of the receptacle 75 , including the slender foot.

On the margin of the left elytron of Laccophilus sp., Java.

Reference has been made above to the correspondence between this species, C. melanwrus and C.
marginatus, both as to position of growth and general structure. It is most nearly allied to C. melanurus,
although the conformation of the blackened termination of the distal part of the receptacle is quite dif-
ferent. The types were obtained from material in alcohol sent from Java by Rouyer, No. 1395.

CHITONOMYCES OreEcToGYRI Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 19-20.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 32. June, 1901.

Dull purplish, the cells thick walled and marked by faint transverse striations. -The basal cell of
the receptacle very small and hardly distinguishable, owing to an abrupt curvature just above the foot;
the subbasal cell relatively large, distally narrowed, nearly the whole upper half of its posterior margin
covered by a relatively large triangular cell, from which it is separated by a nearly vertical septum; this
triangular cell is in contact distally with the ascigerous cavity and the base of the lowest marginal cell;
the latter is very long, extending upward, its narrow extremity ending without enlargement opposite

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 267

the blackened base of the inner appendage, lying between the latter and the tip of the perithecium; the
lower appendiculate cell well defined, about two thirds as long as the subterminal cell, which projects
slightly above and bears the free terminal appendiculate cell, which is hyaline, about equal to the lower
in length, its inner margin nearly straight, its outer margin curved abruptly inward to the base of the
obliquely distinguished, blackened, narrow, erect terminal portion, from which the appendage has been
broken in the types. Perithecium relatively large, of nearly equal diameter throughout; the tip broad
with a bluntly rounded apex; a short erect contrasting brown prominence formed by the left posterior
lip-cell, toward the base of which the inner (anterior) lip-cells are curved in a characteristic fashion, so
as partly to overlap it. Spores about 75 X 5 yw. Perithecium 125 K 36 yw. Receptacle 250-270 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecium 255 pu.

On the superior surface of the tip of the abdomen of Orectogyrus (Orectochirus) specularis Aubé.
Africa. Berlin Museum, No. 806.

As has been previously mentioned, this and the following species are at least aberrant, and probably
should be placed in a genus by themselves. The spores of both seem to be abnormally placed in the
asci, the short segment being uppermost, but it is not unlikely that, as in some other species, the base
of the spore is shortest, and if this is the case it is probable that a terminal appendage of some length
will be found in uninjured specimens. With the exception of species of Laboulbenia no other forms
have been found on the Gyrinide. 'The label Orectogyrus appears to have been a slip for Orectochirus.
The species is therefore misnamed.

CuITONOMYCES AiTHIOoPICUS Thaxter. Plate XXXIV, figs. 21-22.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 430. April, 1900.

Perithecium red-brown, darker on the inner side, with faint transverse striations, somewhat curved;
the inner lip-cells producing at the left a blackish brown projection directed obliquely outward across
the tip and resembling a canine tooth, the inner lip-cell on the left producing a much smaller, blackish,
inconspicuous, tooth-like projection; the distal end of the lower marginal cell of the receptacle abnor-
mally developed, bulging inward against and almost over-topping the subterminal appendiculate cell,
the greater portion of the margin of this outgrowth nearly horizontal and extending from the apex of
the perithecium to the insertion of the subterminal appendage which is sunk in an abrupt depression
between it and the base of the terminal cell of the receptacle. Receptacle nearly hyaline, strongly curved
throughout, consisting of a long basal and subbasal cell which appear to lie side by side for nearly their
whole length, the lower marginal cell of the distal portion almost obliterated by the body of the peri-
thecium, the subterminal cell large triangular, the terminal cell about as large, and separated from it
by a nearly horizontal septum; wholly free, abruptly geniculate, the distal portion much narrower, erect
and black (the tip broken), abruptly distinguished above an external bulge of the portion below it. Peri-
thecia 128 X 40 y, the tooth-like projection 18 4. Receptacle to tip 275 4, the basal and subbasal cells
including the foot 140 X 35 w. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 255 yp.

On elytra of Orectochirus specularis Aubé, Paris Museum, No. 100, Gold Coast, Africa.

Hypr#omyces Cnemipoti Thaxter.

This species which is common on Cnemidoti in New England has also been obtained from an unde-
termined species of the same genus taken at Eustis, Florida. It remains the sole representative of the
genus.

ENARTHROMYCES Thaxter.

This very characteristic and remarkable genus is still represented by a single species, E. Indicus,
which has been obtained from the following additional localities. On Pheropsophus sp., Hong Kong,
Hope Collection, No. 239. In the Paris Museum on several undetermined species of Pheropsophus
from Asia; on P. Latovict Asia, No. 56; on P. marginalis India, No. 118 bis; on P. Yezoensis, Ken-Si,
China, No. 155; on P. dipsicollis, Cochin China, No. 114. In the British Museum; on P. juscicollis,

268 THAXTER.— MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

Java, No. 534. In the Sharp Collection; on Pheropsophus sp., from Japan. In the Berlin Museum
on P. parallelus Dej., Senegal; on P. Madagascarensis Nossi Bé, Madagascar No. 1004; on P. Kersteni,
Aruscha Kisuani, Africa, No. 998; on P. marginatus Dej., Africa, No. 999; on P. fastigiatus, Cape of
Good Hope; on Pheropsophus sp., Ceylon, No. 1006. The generic type appears to be an isolated one,
and in the Key I have included it in a section by itself, although it is closely related to the Peyritschiellez.

MONOICOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 412. April, 1900.

Receptacle consisting primarily of two superposed cells terminated by a sterile appendage which is
variable in character and simple or branched: the subbasal cell producing one, typically two, or in some
species several, branches or secondary receptacles, which may consist of one to many superposed cells
and may be simple or branched; giving rise to antheridia and perithecia which may or may not be also
associated with sterile appendages. The antheridium consisting of four tiers of paired cells, the lower
pair forming the stalk, the cells of the two middle pairs producing each a pair of antheridia from their
upper inner angles; those of the distal pair cutting off paired sterile cells which correspond to the paired
antheridia below, and one or all of which give rise to variously developed, simple, cellular, terminal,
sterile appendages: the four pairs of antheridia opening into a common central cavity which discharges
between the sterile terminal appendiculate cells. Peritheciuin stalked.

This is one of the most peculiar and interesting of the genera of Laboulbeniacez and is extremely
variable in the general structure and relations of the fertile branches or secondary receptacles; a varia-
bility which is well illustrated by the conditions seen in M. St. Helene and M. Leptochiri. The char-
acters of the peculiar antheridium appear, however, to be quite constant in all the species; although, in
a few instances, it seems possible that the two middle tiers of cells may produce more than four antheridia
each. The curious sterile terminal appendages of this organ are also very variable in their development,
both as to number and length, and the cells from which they spring are evidently homologous with the
antheridia, which are separated in a similar fashion from the cells below. It will be observed that a more
detailed study of these forms has necessitated important modifications in the original diagnosis.

The hosts of this genus all belong to the Staphylinidz, a majority of the species occurring on the
Aleocharini.

Monorcomyces Homatot# Thaxter. Plate XXXV, figs. 8-10.
Proe. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 412. April, 1900.

Receptacle consisting of very small hyaline basal and subbasal cells, the basal cell of the primary
appendage short and stout, more or less deeply suffused with blackish brown externally and at the base,
the cell above it, bearing two or three branchlets in an antero-posterior plane, the primary (terminal
and external) one short and externally suffused with blackish, the lower cell larger and distally inflated.
Fertile branches normally two, when the individual is bilaterally symmetrical, rarely three, consisting of
a single cell which bears distally an antheridium from its outer and a perithecium from its inner angle.
Perithecium amber-brown, slightly asymmetrical, relatively very large, short and stout; the lower half
greatly inflated, generally more so on the outer than the inner side; distally conical, the small tip not
distinguished, usually abruptly truncate, the stalk-cell hyaline, narrowing to its base. Antheridium
borne on a pair of rather short stalk-cells, the cells of the second tier somewhat smaller and angular,
the cells of the third tier somewhat smaller than those of the second, but large and distinct, the paired
appendiculate cells separated from the terminal tier, relatively large, all four generally bearing stout
finger-like sterile appendages of unequal length. Spores about 35 X 3 yw. Perithecia including basal
cells 100-120 X 30-35 y, the stalk-cell 35-40 ». Antheridia including stalk-cells (not the terminal pro-
jections) 70-80 X 30-35 yw. Sterile part of receptacle about 70 p.

On Homalota putrescens Woll., British Museum, No. 412, Azores. On inferior surface of abdomen.
On Homalota sp. and Trogophleus sp. Intervale, N. H., and Kittery Pt., Maine.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/#. 269

The form occurring on [7. putrescens in Britain is taken as the type of this species as well as of the
genus. Ihave found not uncommonly, however, on small species of Lomalote infesting decaying Lactarii,
asmaller form (Plate XXXY, fig. 9), in which the measurements are not far from half those of the type, and
which is usually distinguished by a dark suffusion at the base of the perithecial stalk-cells similar to that
of H. simils. Large specimens of this form nevertheless occasionally occur, and correspond so closely
to the type that I think they should not be separated.

Monoricomyces Brirranicus Thaxter. Plate XXXV, figs. 3-4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 413. April, 1900.

Nearly or quite hyaline. General structure as in M. Homalote, the third cell of the primary append-
age suffused with blackish brown, somewhat constricted below. Fertile branches consisting of a single
cell bearing the antheridium and perithecium as in M. Homalote. Perithecium rather long-stalked,
slightly asymmetrical or bent, the base inflated, tapering gradually to the blunt undifferentiated tip.
Antheridium borne on a pair of rather long stalk-cells, the basal cells almost exactly similar to them and
distally not enclosing any portion of the antheridial cavity, the wall cells well developed, the cavity within
them relatively small, the terminal cells growing up into generally stout finger-like processes which may
extend above the tip of the perithecium. Perithecium, including basal cells, 90 * 30 y. Antheridia
to base of terminal projections 80 X 20 p.

On Homalota insecta Thom., British Museum, No. 454, Hammersmith, England. On superior
surface of abdomen.

This species is too nearly related to M. Homalote, and may prove to be only a variety. It differs
in its more slender form and apparently also in the characters of the primary appendage: but more abun-
dant and better material is needed to determine to what extent these characters are constant.

Monorcomyces Ecnipnocioss& Thaxter. Plate XXXYV, figs. 5-7.
Proc, Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 23. June, 1901.

Subbasal cell of the receptacle somewhat smaller than the basal cell, bearing a terminal appendage
the basal cell of which is as long, or nearly as long as the receptacle and often distally enlarged; the axis
above it consisting of a curved series of several cells, externally opaque, black, hyaline along the inner
margin, each cell giving rise from its inner side to a hyaline simple branchlet. Fertile branches usually
two, sometimes one or three, arising from the subbasal cell of the receptacle, and consisting of a single
short basal cell which bears directly a perithecium (in some cases more than one) and an antheridium.
Antheridium relatively large, the stalk-cells somewhat longer and narrower than the cells of the middle
two upper tiers more or less prominent distally: the cells of the distal tier proliferous externally and dis-
tally, thus forming an outer crown of shorter appendages of very unequal length, which surround the
usual inner series. Perithecium becoming greatly and asymmetrically inflated below, and tapering rather
abruptly to the slightly distinguished, rather short, bluntly pointed tip; the stalk-cell variably developed.
Perithecia 100-125 45-55 y, the stalk-cells 40-80 x 15». Antheridia 75-100 y, the sterile appendages
50-75 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 220-250 p.

On the inferior surface of the thorax of Echidnoglossa Americana Fauvel. Vera Pass, Colorado.
Leconte Collection.

Although closely allied to M. Homalote, this species appears clearly distinguished by the prolifera-
tion of the last tier of cells of the antheridium, and the similar tendency of the penultimate tier, fig. 7.

Monorcomyces simiLis Thaxter. Plate XXXV, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 305. July, 1905.
Pale straw-colored. Receptacle consisting of two superposed cells, terminated by a straight tapering
simple several-celled appendage, sometimes reaching to the tips of the perithecia, and distinguished by a
black basal septum. ‘The subbasal cell of the receptacle also giving rise to a pair of normally symmetrical

270 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

branches, consisting of a single basal cell, from which arises the stalk-cell of the perithecium on the inner,
and that of the antheridium on the outer side. Stalk-cell of the perithecium narrowed at the base, the
narrow portion red-brown, expanding above and hyaline. Perithecium somewhat asymmetrical or bent,
deeper straw-colored, tapering gradually to the blunt tip, which is hardly distinguished. Antheridium
of the normal type, the distal appendages usually two, one sometimes exceeding the tip of the perithecium.
Total length to tip of perithecium 150-200 yp. Perithecitum 90-110 X 30 yp, the stalk-cell 35 & 46 yp.
Spores about 35 X 4 yp.

On the abdomen of Homalota sp., infesting species of Lactarius, Kittery Point, Maine.

This is a rather rare species, occurring near the tip of the abdomen of one of the larger mycophilous
Homalote. It is most nearly allied to M. Homolate, from which it differs in its slender form, large size
and single primary appendage, which is distinguished at its base by a black septum. It is subject to
some variation, the more normal form represented in the figures, being often modified through the pro-
duction of only one perithecium or of more than two. ‘The red brown suffusion at the base of the perithe-
cial stalk-cells is also peculiar.

MOoNOICOMYCES NIGRESCENS Thaxter. Plate XXXVI, figs. 1-4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 10. June, 1902.

Receptacle minute, its basal cell hardly distinguishable above the foot, bearimg distally a simple
appendage the basal cell of which is hyaline, the subbasal somewhat longer than those above and deeply
tinged with blackish brown below. Fertile branches two or more, usually four, each consisting of a single
cell which bears an antheridium terminally and a perithecium subterminally: the primary branches
normally two, lateral and symmetrical, edged externally with blackish brown, the blackening contrasting
and continuous with a similar coloration which extends to the tip of the primary antheridium: the second-
ary fertile branches arising, when present, between the primary and resembling the latter, except for the
absence of the black discoloration; the whole group of branches forming, with their closely crowded
antheridia and perithecia, a compact, fan-like, usually symmetrical tuft. Antheridia relatively long,
suffused with smoky brown, more deeply blackish externally, the secondary ones with a more or less con-
spicuous foot-like blackened base; the stalk clearly two-celled, shorter than the main body; only two of
the cells separated from distal cells growing upward to form two unequal terminal appendages, which are
smoky brown, darker about their blackened basal septa, the cells immediately below them projecting up-
ward very slightly on either side. Perithecia furnished with variably developed stalk-cells the bases of
which are blackened, but which are otherwise hyaline, as is the rest of the rather short, often stout, sub-
conical, bluntly pointed perithecium. Perithecia 60-75 X 22-25 p; the stalk-cell 12-55 4. Antheridia
including stalk, 35 p, the appendages 35-50 yw. Total length 100-160 yp.

At the tip of the abdomen of Calodera sp. and of Tachyusa sp.; Intervale, N. H., No. 1357; Kittery
Point, Maine. The hosts frequenting fleshy fungi.

This species is not uncommon on minute staphylinids inhabiting decaying Lactarvi and other fleshy
fungi, but from its small size, dark color and flat appressed habit, it is difficult to find. It is possible that
the secondary fertile branches arise as in M. Aleochare from the proliferation of the primary ones, but in
some cases at least they seem to arise directly from the subbasal cell of the receptacle. The species is
well marked and recognizable from its marginal suffusions.

Monorcomycres ALEocHAR# Thaxter. Plate XXXVI, figs. 5-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 24. June, 1901.

Pale amber, shading to amber-brown. Receptacle, together with the foot and the basal cell of the
terminal appendage, forming a heart-shaped body, blackened below, bearing terminally the median, rigid,
slender, almost wholly opaque, black continuation of the primary appendage which is abruptly distin-
guished from its broad basal cell: the subbasal cell of the receptacle small, triangular when viewed side-
wise, giving rise to two fertile branches, the short small basal cells of which give rise at once each to two

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 271

secondary branches and an antheridium; the branchlets proliferous and forming an axis of usually three
cells, the lower bearing an antheridium, and each of the two upper an antheridium and a perithecium;
there being thus sixteen antheridia and eight perithecia in fully and symmetrically developed specimens,
which form a dense, spreading, fan-like tuft, the antheridia being in general posterior in position, over-
lapping one another between the black sterile appendage and the perithecia. Antheridium distally
broadened and truncate, elongate; the stalk-cells about equal and about one half the length of the body
of the antheridium or somewhat longer than this; the cells of the second tier somewhat unequal; the cells
of the third tier smallest; the terminal cells prominently rounded distally, the appendiculate cells usually
prominent, forming papilla which are subtended by the appendages, all four of which do not always de-
velop; these appendages relatively short, two to three-septate, tapering to a blunt point, distinctly inflated
above the slightly constricted base. Perithecium relatively large, straight or slightly curved, somewhat
inflated below, tapering gradually to the rather short, moderately well distinguished tip; the apex bluntly
rounded, the basal cells relatively small; the stalk-cell variably developed, its distal end usually somewhat
broader than the basal cells collectively, sometimes more than half as long as the body of the perithecium.
Spores about 50-55 X 4-5 yw. Perithecia 130-185 < 35-55 yp, the stalk-cell 35-100 K 18-25 ». Antheri-
dia 70-75 X 22 yp, its appendages 45-50 . Receptacle about 35 X 28 yw. Greatest general length and
width of largest individual 350 < 300 yu.

On Aleochara rufipes Boh., Derema, Usambara, East Africa. Berlin Museum, Nos. 844 and 845.

A very striking species remarkable for its method of branching and the large number of antheridia
produced. ‘The figure shows a well and symmetrically developed individual, but many produce but few
antheridia and perithecia, and one of the primary fertile branches may be altogether lacking.

Monoicomyces Oxypop& Thaxter. Plate XXXV, figs. 11-13.
Proe. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 10. June, 1902.

Receptacle very small, the two cells subequal, the basal cell involved by the blackening of the foot
and hardly distinguishable; the primary appendage straight and tapering, its basal cell hyaline, nearly
isodiametric; the subbasal cell brown, slightly inflated and twice as long; subbasal cell of the receptacle
giving rise to a branch on either side; one usually sterile, short, blunt, extending externally above the
subbasal cell of the primary appendage, and wholly blackened to its base: the other fertile; consisting of
a single cell which is brown, broadly blackened externally, the blackening involving its narrow base almost
completely; its distal half becoming more than twice as broad, and giving rise normally to a single an-
theridium terminally and a stalked perithecium subterminally on its inner side; stalk of the antheridium
brown, two-celled equal in diameter to the branch-cell which bears it, and becoming like it externally
blackened; the functional portion of the antheridium stout, distally rounded and slightly sulcate; one only
of the cells separated from the upper tier growing out to form a colorless appendage. Stalk-cell of the
perithecium arising immediately below that of the antheridium on the inner side, its narrow base black
and opaque, resembling a “foot,” distally hyaline, broader, about as long as the antheridium; the basal
cells hyaline, rather small; the perithecium faintly purplish, rather long and narrow, relatively large, the
tip rather abruptly distinguished and usually slightly bent. Spores 45 x 4.5 uw. Perithecia 75-90 x
18-20 w. Antheridia 25-35 X 107 p, the appendage 40-50 yw. Receptacle 10 y, its appendage 75 p.
total length about 150-165 yp.

On the inferior tip of the abdomen of Oxypoda sp; Intervale, N. H., July 17, 1901.

This species, which is apparently very rare, since I have sought for it in vain since the single infested
host was found, is certainly rightly placed in this genus, its chief peculiarity being the production of a
short black infertile branch which appears to arise from the subbasal cell of the receptacle. It is diffi-
cult, however, to determine exactly the origin of either of these branches on account of the suffusion about
the base. In one or two specimens the fertile branch gives rise to more than one perithecium or antheri-
dium. ‘The species is not related to Kletdiomyus furcillatus, the antheridium of which is of a different
type. The host is a small staphylinid common in decaying vegetable refuse.

272, THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Monorcomyces St. HeLen& Thaxter. Plate, XXXVI, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 413. April, 1900.

Pale yellowish or straw-colored. Receptacle consisting of a triangular basal cell, and a squarish or
roundish subbasal cell which bears a small distal cell with a short terminal appendage separated from it
by a constricted blackish septum; two to four branches arise from the subbasal cell, normally fertile
and consisting of from two to five, usually three, superposed cells which are commonly somewhat inflated
distally, more so on one side, an upgrowth from which becomes separated so as to form a prominent small
cell which lies close against the base of the axis-cell next above and is simple or usually longitudinally
divided; in the former case bearing one, in the latter a pair of peculiar appendages distinguished by a
conspicuously blackened septum; the basal cell of this appendage usually blackened externally or often
wholly opaque the subbasal cell blackened externally about its characteristically geniculate base, its
terminal portion erect suffused with brown, or hyaline, and either terminating the appendage or followed
by two or three hyaline cells. Perithecium symmetrically inflated, slightly distinguished from the basal
cells, the tip small straight truncate tapering but slightly and abruptly distinguished. The antheridium
usually single on the fertile branch, replacing the characteristic sterile appendage at the base of the stalk-
cell of the perithecium, relatively small, its stalk-cells and those of the second tier about equal; the an-
theridium proper about as large as the basal part and hardly broader, its terminal cells developing, as in
the other species, long often flexuous hyaline upgrowths. Spores 38 X 3.5 yw. Perithecia 100-120
40-48 ». The stalk 34-50 X 25-27 p. Appendages of fertile branch 50-90 X 5 pw. Sterile part of re-
ceptacle 50-50 p. Greatest length to tip of perithecium 250-435 pu.

On abdomen and elytra of Oxytelus alutaceifrons Woll., British Museum, No. 411, Island of St.
Helena. On O. piceus Sim., Germany, and O. luteipennis Er., Algeria. Sharp Collection, Nos. 1170
and 1171.

This species suggests Compsomyces in general habit, and the secondary fertile branches undoubtedly
spring directly from the subbasal cell of the receptacle. The sterile appendages of these branches are
very peculiar in appearance and are not unlike those of M. Leptochiri, a species which appears to be its
nearest ally.

Monorcomyces Leprocuiri Thaxter. Plate, XXXIV, figs. 39-40.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 304. July, 1905.

Receptacle consisting of a main axis of superposed cells, usually long and slender, normally simple,
sometimes once to several times branched, the whole structure apparently a branch from the subbasal
cell of a small primary receptacle: the axis somewhat similar to that of Rhachomyces, consisting of a
series of superposed cells, variable in number (about twelve to twenty-five), each of which bears on one
side, so as to form a unilateral series, a pair of simple cylindrical few-celled appendages, which become
better developed from below upward; arising side by side, closely associated and appressed, characteris-
tically blackened at the base, which is usually indistinguishable from the small blackened cell from which
they arise, and which is obliquely separated just below each septum of the axis: this opaque region in the
lower cells of the axis, usually projecting characteristically like a notch or tooth: the cells of the axis
near its base deeply suffused or opaque; the suffusion becoming, from below upward, gradually associated
with the septum only: the axis in some specimens nearly hyaline throughout, with blackish-brown suf-
fusions at or about the septa. ‘The paired appendages replaced somewhat irregularly below the perithe-
cium by antheridia of small size, resembling the appendages in general appearance when viewed laterally,
and usually terminated by two hyaline simple appendages of no great length. Perithecium solitary,
terminating the main axis, or its secondary axes; faintly yellowish, straight, slightly inflated, nearly
symmetrical, rather abruptly narrower at the tip, the apex rather small, symmetrical, truncate. ‘Total
length to tip of perithecium 250-800 y, the axis about 18-20 m in diameter, Perithecium 70-90 X 18-
25 p. Longer appendages sometimes 50 yu.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/E, 273

On all parts of Leptochirus unicolor Cast., L. Javanicus Cast., L. minutus Cast., Java.

This anomalous and very peculiar species was at first mistaken for a new generic type, but so far as
can be determined from the material, its antheridia are not different from those of other members of the
genus, and the multiplication of the cells of the secondary axis or fertile branch, and the coincidence of the
latter with the primary receptacle, which is in no way distinguished from it, are points of secondary im-
portance. It resembles M. St. Helene more closely than perhaps any other species, the peculiar append-
ages being strikingly similar. The long and usually nearly opaque axis is very like that of Rhachomyces.
The peculiar staphylinid hosts on which it occurs are sparingly clothed with long stout hairs or seta, among
which the parasite is often distinguished with difficulty. Specimens growing on the jaws, or other por-
tions of the host where they are exposed to unfavorable conditions, often produce secondary fertile branch-
lets, as in fig. 40, but this condition is exceptional; the normal form, as it occurs on the abdomen or in
other favorable situations, being similar to that represented in fig. 39, which is the type form. The axis,
however, varies considerably in the number of cells which compose it and in the depth of its suffusions.
The hosts are tropical insects living under bark.

EUMONOICOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 21. June, 1901.

Receptacle consisting of a basal and subbasal cell, the latter producing terminally a sterile appendage
and laterally a fertile branch (abnormally more than one) the axis of which is coincident with that of the
receptacle, from which it is not distinguished, and consists of a series of superposed cells; the terminal
one bearing an antheridium and a stalked perithecium; the rest bearing antheridia or paired sterile ap-
pendages from their upper inner angles. The antheridia compound, borne on paired stalk-cells, and
consisting of very numerous antheridial cells arranged in subhorizontal, or oblique tiers; the series sepa-
rated externally by two superposed sterile cells, and opening into a common cavity from which the
antherozoids are discharged by a common outlet between four appendiculate cells which terminate the
antheridium and arise from the two primary terminal cells of the antheridium, as in Monovcomyces.

The only material from which it is possible to form an approximately accurate idea of the structure
of the antheridium in this genus is that of E. Papuanus, the hosts of which were preserved in alcohol.
Although the form is very small, careful examination with a +; oil immersion renders its general cell-arrange-
ment sufficiently clear, notwithstanding the fact that from the irregularity of its outline and of the cells
composing it, the different appearances that may be obtained from different points of view are very confus-
ing. In the lateral view, fig. 15, which is practically the same on both sides, and is the one almost invari-
ably seen in preparations where the individuals lie flat, the stalk-cell appears to be, as was stated in the
original description, single. It can be determined, however, by careful focussing, or when a view anterior
or posterior in relation to the fertile branch is obtained, that the stalk like that of Monotcomyces, is two-
celled (fig. 16). Above this stalk the second tier of two cells is also present and from each of these, instead
of a pair, as in Monoicomyces, two series of rows of antheridial cells are produced, one on either side. There
are thus four such series in paired sets, one anterior and the other posterior, and having much the same
appearance in either case, as in fig. 16, which is, however, turned slightly to the left, but shows the straight
median line of demarcation which separates the two sets. Were this figure reversed, the opposite side would
show much the same appearance and if viewed at right angles, either from the right or from the left, the
appearance would in either case be similar to that shown in fig. 15. Each of the four sets, as may be seen
by reference to fig. 16, in which one of the pairs is represented, consists of about five somewhat oblique
rows, which correspond on either side of the straight median line; each row being composed of about
five antheridial cells, the number being apparently subject to some variation, the bases of which are indi-
cated in the figure. The method by which these rows of antheridia are separated, is seen more clearly
in fig. 17 where only one set is visible, the antheridium in this instance, being younger and viewed more
obliquely than in fig. 16, and turned from right to left. Fig. 16 viewed at right angles to its present

274 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

position, whether seen from the right or from the left would have the appearance seen in fig. 15, in which
the necks of the antheridia, toward the median line, are shown partly in optical section running obliquely
upward. All the antheridia open by longer or shorter necks into a median cavity, as is shown in fig. 18
which is a not quite median optical section. This cavity seems to be single, and from it the antherozoids
make their escape by a common aperture between the mouth cells, which as is Monoicomyces, are cut
off from the third or upper tier of the main appendage, and which may later grow up into appendages as
is shown in fig. 12. ‘The somewhat dumbbell-shaped bulge of the upper tier-cells is somewhat exaggerated
in fig. 15, which is somewhat confusing in that it combines a surface view with some of the appearances
seen in optical section. The nature of the central cavity, whether a cell-cavity or an intercellular space,
has not been determined in this or the preceding genus. This antheridium is the most highly developed
organ of the kind in the whole group of Laboulbeniales there being perhaps seventy-five or more functional
antheridial cells in each antheridium, but in the other species of the genus it is much less complicated;
although, as far as can be determined from the insufficient material, the type is the same in all three.

Evumonoicomyces Paruanus Thaxter. Plate XXXVII, figs. 11-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 22. June, 1901.

Nearly or quite hyaline. Basal cell of the receptacle small, usually triangular; the subbasal cell
terminating in a short appendage, distinguished by a dark basal septum, and sometimes once-branched.
The fertile branch not differentiated from the receptacle, consisting of three, rarely two cells similar to the
subbasal cell, obliquely superposed; the lowest bearing normally a closely approximated pair of short,
hyaline or faintly brownish, erect, sterile appendages, similar to that of the subbasal cell; the middle cell
smaller, bearing a single antheridium, and the upper an antheridium and a stalked perithecium. The
antheridia rather stout, broader distally; the stalk-cell small and short; the antheridial cells very numer-
ous, the terminal appendages of the usual type, short or seldom longer than the antheridium. Perithecium
rather long and sometimes slender; the venter inflated; the distal portion tapering gradually and sym-
metrically to the blunt, nearly truncate apex; the rather short tip hardly distinguished above a slight ele-
vation; the stalk-cell variable in length, rather slender, seldom more than half as long as the perithecium;
the basal cells rather large and broad, not distinguished from the venter. Spores about 35 X 3p. Peri-
thecia 80-120 X 32-40 yp, the stalk-cell 35-75 X 15 ». Antheridia including stalk-cell and without ap-
pendages 35 X 18 pw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 150-290 p.

On all parts of a small pale Oxytelus? Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 1011.

Several hosts bearing this species were found among the alcoholic material brought by Dr. Dahl from
the East Indies. The sterile appendages of the fertile branch, although they appear to be solitary when
viewed from one side, are in reality paired, exactly like those of Monoicomyces. he terminal cell of
the primary appendage is spinose as shown in fig. 13.

Evumonoicomyces Carirornicus Thaxter. Plate XXXVII, figs. 9-10.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 22. June, 1901.

Resembling E. Papuanus in general habit. Basal cell of the receptacle short, stout, geniculate,
with a dark brown suffusion extending from the foot half-way up its convex margin; the subbasal cell
bearing distally a long appendage consisting of a short hyaline basal cell, separated by a dark septum
from a second cell above it, which is dark brown and bears two long, slender, one-celled, erect branches,
brown below, becoming hyaline distally. The fertile branch not distinguished from the receptacle and
consisting of three, sometimes more, very obliquely superposed cells similar to the subbasal cell: the lowest
bearing a sterile appendage like that which terminates the receptacle; the middle cell usually bearing an
antheridium, and the upper an antheridium and a perithecium. Antheridium short-stalked, with a more
or less well-defined median constriction resulting from an inflation of the cells which bear the terminal
appendages. The latter very long, brown, extending beyond the tip of the perithecium. Perithecium
short and stout, the venter inflated, the much shorter neck-like distal portion abruptly distinguished, the

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. Zid

apex blunt, the stalk-cell usually rather short and stout. Perithecia 75 % 25 yp, the stalk-cell 20 « 18 yp.
Sterile appendages, longest 150 4. Appendages of antheridium 100 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
150 p.

On Oxytelus sp. Berkeley, California.

The antheridia are so placed in the specimens of this species which have been examined, that it has
been impossible to determine the details of their structure, which are further obscured by the irregularities
and relatively considerable development of the appendiculate cells. The species is distinguished from
the others by its dark sterile appendages, as well as by other points of difference.

EUMONOICOMYCES INVISIBILIS Thaxter. Plate XXXVII, figs. 7-8.
Proc, Am, Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 21. June, 1901. Monoicomyces invisibilis Thaxter, 1. c.
Vol. XXXV, p. 414. Apr., 1900.

Hyaline. Basal cell of receptacle small subtriangular, the subbasal cell rather long and narrow,
bearing terminally a distally rounded cell from which it is separated by an oblique septum and which is
surmounted by a short simple cylindrical appendage; the fertile branch developed on one side only, not
distinguished from the receptacle and its appendage, consisting of two or three obliquely superposed cells
extending obliquely upward in a divergent series, the terminal cell bearing a perithecium and antheri-
dium in the usual relative positions, the subterminal cell sometimes apparently producing a second an-
theridium instead of the simple paired appendage which terminates the lower cell of the series. Perithe-
cium borne on a rather short stout stalk-cell, its inflated basal half not distinguished from the flattened
basal cells, its slender distal half abruptly distinguished. Antheridium apparently similar in general to
that of the other species. Perithecia 84 X 30 yw. The stalk-cell 20 * 10 y. Receptacle, sterile part,
about 40 uw. Total length to tip of perithecium 110-140 yp.

On Homalota putrescens Woll., British Museum, No. 412, Azores.

This species is so minute and so inconspicuous from its pale color, that it would almost inevitably be
overlooked on dried hosts. One or two additional specimens were accidentally obtained in the Sharp Col-
lection from scrapings of various species of Homalota. In none of the individuals, however, can the
detailed structure of the antheridia be made out.

HAPLOMYCES Thaxter.

The genus Bledius, on which all the species of Haplomyces have thus far been found, is not well
represented in the various collections examined, and no additional species have been discovered.

Haplomyces Texanus 'Thaxter, or a form indistinguishable from the type of this species in which
the base of the appendage is black, has been found on the following hosts: Bledius bicornis Germ., Hope
Collection, No. 213; no locality: B. subterraneus Erichs., Hope Collection, No. 220, Prussia: B. opacus
Blk., British Museum, No. 448, Isle of Wight: B. becornis Germ., British Museum, No. 432, “‘Europe”’:
B. juvencus Erichs., Berlin Museum No. 841. A broken specimen on B. obtusus (Sharp Collection No.
1176) may perhaps also belong to this species. Whether this apparent form of Texanus should be con-
sidered identical with the short stout dark H. Calijornicus, and whether H. Texanus itself is more than
a variety, I am unable definitely to decide without examining more abundant material. The types of
H. Californicus are, however, numerous and in good condition and show no variation from the characters
represented in my Monograph, Plate VII, figs. 1 and 2.

~ EUCANTHAROMYCES Thaxter.

Nine species have been added to this genus since the publication of the type-species E. Atrani, which
probably illustrate the possible variations of its members more or less fully. The type of structure is a
very constant and simple one; and, apart from certain differences in the cell relations, the modifications
of the perithecial wall-cells and the conformation of the perithecial tip, the characters which appear to

276 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

be most reliable in distinguishing species are found in the antheridium. ‘The number of rows of antheri-
dial cells, and the number of cells in each row, are apparently very constant; variations in these respects,
in a given species, occurring rather exceptionally. In some forms the antheridium may be the most
complicated male organ that occurs in the whole group, with the exception of that in Ewmonoicomyces
and possibly in some forms of Haplomyces; since, as in E. Catoscopi, there may be over fifty antheridial
cells in a single antheridium. In certain other species, nevertheless, this number may be reduced one
half or more, as in 2. Euprocti or E. spinosus.

The structure of the antheridium appears to correspond in general to that of most of the other com-
pound types. The antheridial cells are obliquely disposed in rows, usually three, more rarely four or
even five, on either side; and their bases being external, they empty by short necks into an interior cavity,
which connects directly with an efferent tube, through which the antherozoids are discharged in large
numbers. The structure is closely comparable with that of Haplomyces, in which, however, the an-
theridia, not being separated by a sterile external marginal cell, surround the antheridial cavity com-
pletely.

An examination of Plate XX XVIII will show that there is a monotonous sameness among the species,
which renders a very careful comparison of characters necessary in order to distinguish them. It should
be noted that the spores, in many of the species at least, are peculiar in possessing a bluntly rounded apex,
in place of the usual acuminate tip. The inner lip-cell is in general more or less distinctly modified,
usually also more deeply colored, forming in many instances a more or less characteristic rounded promi-
nence, as in figs. 28 and 36. ‘The characteristic spine which persists in some species at the tip of the
antheridium (Figs. 10 and 19) represents the apex of the spore, and is primarily terminal, as in Stzg-
matomyces, where it is almost invariably present. The ascogenic cells may be somewhat peculiar and in
some species numerous. In E. Catascopi, for example, as is indicated at the base of the perithecium
in fig. 13, they are long erect subclavate and at least eight in number; while in some of the smaller species
there do not appear to be more than four, or possibly two, in some cases. The species appear to be very
generally distributed and the hosts are in all instances beetles belonging to the Carabide.

EUCANTHAROMYCES spinosus Thaxter. Plate XXXVIII, figs. 17-20.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 416. April, 1900.

Perithecium straw-colored, rather stout, inflated, tapering to the broad asymmetrical tip which is
slightly sulcate; the outer lips often larger than the inner, the latter more deeply colored and not very
conspicuous; the stalk-cell rather short. Receptacle short, the cells nearly equal. Appendage much
as in L. Diaphort, more slender, the marginal cell extending nearly to the base of the subbasal cell, dis-
tinctly enlarged below a terminal spine-like process, which is usually nearly erect; the antheridial cells
in three rows of five, three (relatively large) and one to two cells respectively, the discharge tube large
and broad, nearly truncate, bent abruptly upward from the base. Spores 35-40 3.5-4 yw. Perithecia
138 x 41 w. Appendage 70 X 14 yp, the antheridium 35 X 16 ». Receptacle 50 K 20 ». ‘Total length
to tip of perithecium 190-207 p.

On elytron of Drypta sp., Paris Museum, No. 80. Java. On Drypta lineola Dej., Hong Kong;
Berlin Museum, No. 950.

The antheridium in this species is perhaps the simplest thus far observed in the genus, the cells of
the third row being apparently functionless and variable in form and number (one to three). The termi-
nal spine stouter and larger, as a rule, even than that of E. Diaphori, the antheridium of which is other-
wise very different. From its small size and pale color it is distinguished only with the greatest difficulty
on the elytra of its host when dry.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 277

EUCANTHAROMYCES Evurprocti Thaxter. Plate XX XVIII, figs. 27-30.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p, 417. April, 1900.

Perithecium straw-colored to pale amber-brown, slightly asymmetrical, somewhat inflated below;
the upper half tapering gradually to the blunt asymmetrical apex, the inner lip-cell rounded flat darker
amber-brownish slightly prominent; the outline of the mature perithecium becoming more or less corru-
gated through the appearance of three to five rather broadly rounded successive elevations, corresponding
to the distal and basal septa of the two lower tiers of wall cells, and to a median protrusion of these cells,
where five are present; stalk-cell becoming slender, mostly slightly shorter than the receptacle; the basal
cells small. Receptacle relatively rather long, the cells nearly equal. Appendage generally longer than
the receptacle, its basal and subbasal cells nearly equal; antheridial cells in three rows of five, three,
and two cells each, the marginal cell bluntly rounded above and extending nearly to the base of the sub-
basal cell; the discharge-tube large, bent outward or obliquely upward. Spores 50 < 4.5 4. Perithecia
160-170 < 48 y, stalk-cell 70 X 15 wu. Receptacle 85-90 25-30 yp. Appendage 110 », antheridium
41 X 22 p, the discharge-tube 30 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 310 yp.

On Euproctus quadrinus Bates, British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 731. Volcan de Chiriqui,
Panama.

A few individuals of this species were found at the base of the eltyra of the host. It is well marked
by the abrupt distinction between the base of the perithecium and its stalk-cell, by the broad tip and
stout somewhat irregular form of the latter, and by the small number of the antheridial cells.

EucAaNTHAROMYCES ATRANI Thaxter. Plate XXXVIII, figs. 1-3.

Additional material of this species has been obtained on specimens of Atranus pubescens from Wash-
ington, D. C., and from Kansas, in the collection of the U.S. National Museum. As this material is very
much better than the types, both of which were immature or injured, additional figures are given here-
with. ‘The antheridium appears to be constant in structure, the rows of antheridial cells containing 6
(rarely 5), 4 and 3 cells respectively, the species is otherwise ill defined and without distinctive peculiarities.
The antheridium may be distinguished by a slight terminal apiculus. It should be noted that the margi-
nal cell of the antheridium is not septate above, as represented in Plate VII, fig. 27, of my Monograph.

EvcANTHAROMYCES CaALLIp® Thaxter. Plate XXXVIII, figs. 31-34.
Proc, Am, Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 418. April, 1900.

Perithecium rather narrow, slightly inflated, tapering from about the middle to the blunt tip which is
rather abruptly distinguished externally, sometimes bent outward, its distal margin outwardly oblique;
the inner lip-cell relatively small, projecting slightly externally, but not abruptly distinguished on its inner
side; the outline of the perithecium becoming inconspicuously corrugated through the presence of some-
times as many as eleven successive elevations; the basal cells elongated, the base of one of the outer exter-
nal to the stalk-cell from which it is separated by an oblique septum longer than the width of the stalk-cell
which is narrower below and about equal to the basal cells in length, or somewhat shorter. Receptacle
symmetrically sulcate distally, rather long, the two cells nearly equal. Appendage rather long, its basal
cell extending downward and lying external to the upper half of the subbasal cell of the receptacle; the
subbasal cell more than twice as long as broad, the marginal cell reaching to its base and distally prominent.
Antheridium relatively small, the antheridial cells in three rows of five (six in one instance), four, and
three cells respectively, the discharge-tube rather short and stout, erect or bent but slightly. Spores 40 x
4u. Perithecia 230-265 X 50 p, basal cells 120 ps, stalk-cell 103 «. Receptacle 100-120 ». Appendage
120-125 p, antheridium 25 X 38 ». Total length to tip of perithecium average 325 pu.

On Callida sp., Paris Museum, No. 68, Venezuela; on Callida tristis Brullé, Berlin Museum, No.
974, Surinam.

A species distinguished by its generally slender habit, the large well distinguished tip of the perithe-
cium and the parallelism between the stalk-cell of the appendage and the two cells of the receptacle. The
figures are both drawn from the original types from Venezuela.

278 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

EvucaNTHAROMYCcES ArricaNus. Plate XXXIII, figs. 35-38.
Proc, Am, Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 418. April, 1900.

Very similar to E. Callide. Amber-brown. Perithecium large subfusiform, the margins generally
more or less distinctly corrugated, often marked by fine transverse striations which may be wholly absent,
the tip relatively small and rather abruptly distmguished, the inner lip-cell well defined, projecting beyond
the other lip-cells so that the apex usually appears oblique, asymmetrical and slightly sulcate; the basal
cells somewhat shorter than the stalk-cell, their lower septa nearly equal and symmetrical, both slightly
oblique. Receptacle of medium size, the basal cell distally enlarged lying beside the subbasal cell and
extending to the stalk-cell of the perthecium. Appendage short, the two basal cells rather small and
nearly equal in length, consisting of three rows of six, four, and four cells respectively, the discharge-tube
slightly curved, abruptly nearly erect, distally somewhat narrower and conical when young, the marginal
cell extending nearly to the base of the subbasal cell. Spores 48 * 5 yu. Perithecia 275-325 * 45-50 p,
the stalk-cell 100-130 y, the basal cells 75-100 p. Receptacle 100 < 26 4. Appendage 100 4. Antheri-
dium 45 X 21 yp, the discharge tube 21 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 575-600 p.

On Callida Natalensis Hope, Hope Coll. No. 274, Natal, Africa. On Callida sp., Brit. Museum,
No. 550, Angola, Africa. On elytra.

This species, which is closely allied to HE. Callide may be distinguished by the different number of an-
theridial cells in its antheridium, the stalk-cell of which is differently related to the receptacle, as well as
by the different relation which the stalk-cell bears to the basal cells of the perithecium. The latter also
has a characteristic fusiform outline from the stalk-cell to the tips. Both figures are taken from the Natal
material.

EvcANTHAROMYCES MapaGascaRENsis Thaxter. Plate XXXVIII, figs. 24-26.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 306. July, 1905,

Rather pale straw-colored. Perithecium large, subcylindrical, tapering very slightly distally and
basally, the rounded tip rather abruptly distinguished, and subtended by more or less distinct elevations;
the trichophoric cell short, prominently rounded, but not extending beyond the lip-cells and rendering the
apex subsymmetrical; the base not differentiated from the body of the receptacle, the cells relatively
short, not extending down beside the stalk-cell, from which they are rather clearly distinguished:
stalk-cell elongate, tapering below. Basal and subbasal cells of the receptacle of about equal length,
the former about half as broad as the latter, and extending to the base of the stalk-cell of the perithecium.
Basal cell of the appendage somewhat larger than the subbasal, slightly overlapping the subbasal cell of
the receptacle, the marginal cell not prominent below the discharge-tube which is curved outward, some-
times horizontally; the antheridial cells in three rows of seven, seven, and five cells respectively. Spores
about 60 X 4y. Perithecium, including basal cells, 385 X 60-70 p, the stalk-cell 275-290 * 40-55 p.
Receptacle 165 35-45 yw. Antheridium, total length 130-150 X 30-35 yp, above basal cell 75 yp.

On elytra of Callida sp., Madagascar; Hope Collection, No. 273.

The material of this species being very old has only regained its turgescence after the prolonged
action of glycerine. It appears to be unlike any of the other species on Callida, and next to E. Catas-
copt, is the largest known form. It is distinguished by its slender form, the elongate stalk-cell of its
perithecium, the tip of which is abruptly distinguished, and by the characters of its antheridial appendage.

EUCANTHAROMYCES Casnoni& Thaxter. Plate XXXVIII, figs. 4-6.
Proc, Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 417. April, 1900.

Perithecium relatively large, rather long, often slender, inflated below, tapering to the relatively nar-
row blunt apex; its outline corrugated through the presence of from seven to eleven elevations varying in
prominence some of which may become transversely striate at maturity, the basal cells elongated and as long
or nearly as long as the rather stout stalk-cell. Receptacle relatively small. ‘The basal and subbasal
cells of the appendage relatively small and stout, nearly equal, or the latter somewhat smaller, the marginal

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 279

cell bordering its upper half and distally prominent, partly free and slightly inflated, ending in a short
spine-like tip; the antheridium consisting of three rows of nine, seven and five cells respectively, the dis-
charge-tube relatively short and stout, bent upward and over the prominent tip of the marginal cell.
Spores 45 X 3.5 w. Perithecia 240-260 * 45-62 yp, stalk-cell 75-80 * 20-28 yp, basal cells 75-100 x
25-30 yt. Receptacle 55-65 X 27 pw. Appendage 85-103 y, the antheridium 50-60 « 24-28 yp. ‘Total
length to tip of perithecium 375-450 yu.

On Casnonia subdistincta Chaud., British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 704. Cordova, Mexico.

Allied to C. Ajricanus which it resembles in general form, but from which it is at once distinguished
by the characters of the appendage.

EucantHaromyces Carascopi Thaxter. Plate XXXVIII, figs. 13-16.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 419. April, 1900.

Straw-colored becoming pale amber-brown. Perithecium elongate, tapering but slightly toward
the tip, or becoming distally swollen through the pressure of the spore mass, the margins corrugated
through the presence of sometimes as many as seventeen or even more prominences, which are mostly
well defined, especially the distal one of the series and often distinctly rough-granular, above which the
slightly bent tip is abruptly distinguished, its distal margin straight oblique, the outer and lateral lip-
cells extending just beyond the small darker inner lip-cell; basal-cells very much elongated and often
corrugated through the presence of six or more elevations; the stalk-cell rather stout, much shorter than
the basal cells, from which it is separated by an outer very oblique, and an inner short nearly horizontal
septum. Receptacle relatively small, the basal cell longer than the subbasal cell, distally enlarged so
that it almost coincides with the base of the stalk-cell, which is thus hardly in contact with the subbasal
cell from which it was originally derived. ‘The basal cell of the appendage somewhat smaller than the
subbasal cell, the marginal cell bulging outward slightly distally, and extending almost to the base of the
subbasal cell. Antheridial cells in five rows of eight, seven, six, five, and four cells, or the four inner
rows somewhat variable. Spores 50 < 4.5 4. Perithecia 400-475 x 60-70 yp, the stalk-cell 140-200 x
35-40 yp, the basal cells 200-240 ». Receptacle 100-110 X 38 ». Appendage 120 »; antheridium 60 X<
32 #. Total length 680-950 p.

On Catascopus sp., Paris Museum, No. 117. Iles des Moluques. On the margin of the right elytron.

The largest and most striking species of the genus, the corrugated elevations of the perithecium, al-
though sometimes partly obliterated by the copious spore formation, serving to distinguish it, apart from
its other peculiarities. The ascogenic cells are remarkable from their subclavate form, at least eight
being arranged in a rosette, as is indicated in fig. 13.

EucaNTHAROMYCES DiapHori Thaxter. Plate XX XVIII, figs. 8-12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 416. April, 1900.

Pale straw-colored. Perithecium rather short and stout, its basal cells small, slightly and usually
symmetrically inflated; tapering slightly from about the middle to the broad blunt slightly asymmetrical
tip, the flat inner lip-cell, small, lateral, and subterminal, bearing distally a slender recurved rigid append-
age (not cellular) about 8-9 «long. Receptacle rather short and stout, the subbasal (anterior) cell some-
what stouter than the basal, the two together somewhat larger than the short stalk-cell of the perithecium.
Appendage relatively large, its basal cell short subtriangular, the upper and lower septa oblique, the
subbasal cell slightly longer than broad, its upper two thirds bordered by the marginal cell which ter-
minates in a slender stiff straight spine-like process about 11-12 u long and slightly divergent; the
antheridial cells in five rows of five, four, three, three, and two cells respectively; a single additional
cell sometimes persisting above the antheridial cavity; the discharge tube bent outward and slightly up-
ward, the tip bluntly conical with a slight basal enlargement. Spores 40 X 3.54. Perithecia 120 X 30 yu.
stalk-cell 30 X 18 «. Appendage 70 u long, the antheridium 28 X 21». Receptacle 45 x 24 4. Total
length to tip of perithecium 180 yp.

280 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

On mid-elytron of Diaphorus tenwicornis Chaud., British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 714, Oaxaca,
Mexico.

This species is represented by three or four individuals in good condition and is distinguished by
its antheridial appendage, as well as by the short recurved appendage which subtends the tip of the peri-
thecium on the inner side and appears to arise from the inner lip-cell, which is lateral and overtopped by
the three others which appear to form the whole apex. ‘This appendage may represent the indurated base
of a trichogyne, the position of which in this genus may be unusual, but I have no available material which
can determine this point. ‘The terminal spine of the antheridium is long and conspicuous. In one speci-
men there seem to be only four rows of antheridial cells of five, four, four and three cells each.

EUCANTHAROMYCES XANTHOPHHZ Thaxter. Plate XXXVIII, figs. 21-23.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 26. June, 1901.

Perithecium (not fully mature) straw colored, somewhat asymmetrical, almost symmetrically and
but slightly inflated from base to apex; the tip short, well distinguished; the lip-cells rounded, and slightly
inflated, forming a knob-like termination, one of them (the inner) protruding in the form of a slight
tongue-like projection beyond the others: the stalk-cell about as long as the receptacle, from which it
projects at an angle, being moreover turned at the same time a little to one side. The cells of the recep-
tacle subequal, lying side by side, the basal one extending to the base of the stalk-cell of the perithecium,
with which it is in contact. Appendage relatively large, the stalk-cell subtriangular, somewhat larger
than the basal cell which is wholly overlapped externally by the well defined and distally somewhat in-
flated marginal cell; the antheridial cells in four tiers of seven, six, five and four cells respectively; the
discharge-tube long and curved outward. Spores about 36 X 4 w. Perithecia 165 X 50 yp, the stalk-
cell 46 X 20 u. The appendage to tip of discharge-tube 120 , the antheridium proper 55 X 30 4. Total
length to tip of perithecium 290 p.

On the right inferior margin of the prothorax of Xanthophea vittata Dej., Australia. Berlin Museum,
No. 973.

The material of this species consists of but two specimens in which the perithecium is not quite
mature. It cannot, however, be confused with either of the other species in which there are more than
three rows of antheridial cells.

KLEIDIOMYCES Noy. Gen.

Receptacle consisting of two superposed cells, the basal cell (in the type) producing two characteristic
outgrowths, the subbasal giving rise to antheridial appendages and to perithecia. The appendage con-
sisting of a stalk-cell followed by a pair of cells with which a small compound antheridium is associated
distally, the appendage ending in a free cellular extremity above the antheridium. The stalked perithe-
cium similar to that of Monoicomyces.

This genus, which has been named from the resemblance which its peculiar outgrowths bear to a
“wish bone,” certainly cannot be retained in Monoicomyces, to which the single species was originally
referred provisionally, since the antheridia in the two cases are quite different. The appendage, repre-
sented in fig. 4 of the accompanying plate, was obtained by crushing one of the three available specimens,
and although little beyond the projecting lateral discharge-tube can be made out in detail, the other
characters of the organ are sufficiently evident. The sterile termination appears to consist of three
coherent rows of small cells, and in the type (fig. 3) two of these appendages are produced in addition to
the perithecium. The peculiar outgrowths above referred to, which are so characteristic in the type
are probably without significance generically, and are entirely comparable to the single outgrowth which
arises from the basal cell in Corethromyces Stilict.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/:, 281

Kleidiomyces furcillatus nov. comb. Plate XX XVII, figs. 3-4.
Monoicomyces furcillatus Thaxter, Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 24. June, 1901.

Receptacle consisting of two small cells which are hardly distinguishable owing to a general blackish
brown suffusion; producing on either side, from the basal cell, a stout blackened outgrowth, the two
forming a nearly symmetrical fork-like structure, the prongs of which are slightly curved inward and
slightly divergent. From near the base of these outgrowths, and between them, arise, apparently from
single basal cells on either side, stalked perithecia and appendages. AntKeridial appendage rather
slender, shorter than the perithecia. Perithecia long and slender, straight, symmetrical, pale yellowish,
slightly inflated toward the base, tapering gradually to the blunt apex. Spores about 40 « 3 ys. Peri-
thecia 135 & 27 ». Outgrowth from the receptacle 110 * 12 ys.

Near the tip of the abdomen of Aleochara repetita Sharp. Panama, Sharp Coll., No. 1095.

Only one of the three individuals obtained is in fairly good condition, but the species is so very peculiar
in appearance that it can hardly be mistaken for any other form. Owing to the great reduction of the
receptacle and its deep suffusion, it has not been possible to determine absolutely the exact origin of the
. fork-like outgrowths which seem to come from the basal cell, as in Corethromyces Stilici.

EUHAPLOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 25. June, 1901.

Receptacle consisting of two cells, the upper bearing a free stalked antheridium and a stalked perithe-
cium. Antheridium conical, consisting of a single stalk-cell followed by a basal cell from which is sepa-
rated a group of smaller cells some of which (two or four?) extend upward and inward to form antheridial
cells: above these follow three external marginal cells, the lowest of which lies beside the antheridial
cells; the uppermost succeeded by a conical chamber which terminates in a pore, and extends downward
along the inner sides of the marginal cells to form a cavity into which the antheridial cells empty. Perithe-
cium resembling that of Haplomyces in the type.

This genus appears to be somewhat closely related to Haplomyces, Cantharomyces and Camptomyces,
but the structure of its antheridium is essentially different from that of either of these genera. ‘The num-
ber of antheridial cells is small, not more than four or five, and it is somewhat difficult to distinguish
them from the adjacent sterile cells. The passage for the discharge of the antherozoids seems to be
formed by the disorganization of more than one cell, and as may be seen in fig. 21 lies on the inner
(left) side of certain sterile cells; but distally occupies the whole tip. The antheridial cells, as indicated,
converge to the base of this cavity and empty into it, but this is shown in one instance only in the figure.

EvunapLomyces AncyropHort Thaxter. Plate XX XVII, figs. 19-21.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 25. June, 1901.

Receptacle small, the basal cell somewhat longer, nearly hyaline, tapering to the relatively small
foot; the subbasal cell becoming pale amber-brown. Antheridium, including its short stalk-cell, about
as long as the receptacle, becoming pale amber-brown, tapering to a pointed apex. Perithecium becom-
ing pale amber-brown, relatively large, thick-walled, considerably and abruptly inflated above the basal
cells, somewhat asymmetrical, tapering rather evenly to the blunt apex; the stalk-cell long, thick-walled,
slightly curved, nearly hyaline, distally somewhat broader, not distinguished from the basal cells. Spores
about 40-45 X 3.5 4. Perithecia 180-200 < 72-82 yw; the stalk-cell 110-120 x 28-30 ». Antheridium,
including the stalk-cell, 55-65 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 360 y.

On the superior surface of the abdomen of Ancyrophorus aureus. Dumfriesshire, Scotland, Sharp
Collection, No. 1091.

CANTHAROMYCES Thaxter.

A single British species has been added to this genus which is evidently most closely allied to Hap-
lomyces and Eucantharomyces. No further data have been obtained in regard to the distribution of the

282 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

species, except that the range of C’. pusillus is extended to Florida, where specimens were obtained on
the margin of Lake Eustis, at Eustis. Specimens of C. Bledii were also obtained in the collection of the
National Museum on Bledius annularis Lec. from lowa, and on B. nitidicollis Lec. from Michigan.

The generic type is a clearly defined one, but the species are very variable in respect to the number
of antheridial cells in the lateral group, which is characteristic in all cases. An extreme case of this varia-
tion is seen in the species described below, in which the antheridium proper is made up of perhaps not
more than three or four cells.

CANTHAROMYCES PLatysTeTHI Thaxter. Plate XXXVII, figs. 5-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts. and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 415. April, 1900.

Yellowish with a brownish tinge. Receptacle consisting of a small basal cell and a subbasal cell
more than twice as large, bearing the perithecium and appendage. Perithecium borne on a rather long
stalk-cell, the basal cells continuous with its main body which is inflated below, conical above, the narrow
apex truncate or bluntly rounded. The appendage large, its subbasal cell nearly twice as long as the
basal, bearing the very small antheridium which forms a short cellular margin below its upper inner angle
and apparently consists of not more than ten cells; the subbasal cell terminated by an irregular series of
small cells which appear to produce a tuft of branches distally, and from which it may sometimes be
separated by a third cell similar to it. Perithecia 80-86 X 35 wu. ‘The stalk-cell 55 & 20 ». Receptacle
50-70 X 28 ». Appendages 140-170 yp.

On abdomen of Platystethus cornutus Grav., British Museum, No. 449, Kilburn, England.

This species is most nearly related to C. occidentalis which it closely resembles in general form. It
is distinguished, however, by the greatly reduced antheridium, which can sometimes hardly be made out
in mature specimens, as well as by the distal enlargement of the basal cell of the appendage. The material
of this species is unfortunately scanty and in poor condition, the sterile terminal branches of this append-
age being broken off in every case.

LABOULBENIACES.

Genera moncecious or dicecious, the antheridia simple, clearly differentiated, solitary or grouped,
free or adnate, but discharging their sperm-cells independently.

HERPOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p.11. June, 1902.

Sexual organs normally separated on different individuals. Antheridia simple.

Male individual consisting of several (four) superposed cells terminated by a characteristically modi-
fied spinous, or by a small foot-like process, or by both; the basal cell attached by a small normal black-
ened foot: one or more of the distal cells giving rise to short branches which may bear from one to several
antheridia terminally, or become more or less copiously branched; the branchlets terminated by antheridia,
or in some cases sterile. Antheridia long, flask-shaped. The subbasal cell of the receptacle sometimes
producing a fertile branch, as in the female individual, from which are produced secondary receptacles
which give rise to antheridial branches.

Female individual consisting primarily of several superposed cells similarly modified at the tip, and
attached by a small normal foot; the basal and subbasal cells constituting a “primary receptacle,” the
latter giving rise to a variably developed fertile branch (sometimes apparently dividing to several cells,
each of which may produce a fertile branch) from which is developed a single ‘‘secondary receptacle,” or,
as a result of branching, more than one. Secondary receptacles consisting of a partly double series of
cells, variable in number, one or more of which may be fertile, the rest sometimes specially differentiated,
or unmodified; those in contact with the host, perforating the chitinous integument by means of fine
haustoria. Trichogynes short filamentous simple or sparingly branched. Perithecium borne on variably
developed stalk-cells, the ascigerous portion including three tiers of wall-cells, more or less clearly distin-
guished from the distal portion, the wall-cells of which are more or less differentiated, four or five in each

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 283

row. Spores minute, of the usual type, normally discharged in pairs the members of which produce male
and female individuals. Asci apparently eight-spored ?

The discovery of this remarkable genus is due to Mr. Charles Bullard, who first observed it on [eto-
hia. It is unlike all others thus far described from the fact that, in all the species, one or both of the
sexes produce secondary receptacles, corresponding to the fertile branches of other genera, which, instead
of growing free and depending on the primary foot for their nutrition, attach themselves to the host and
become quite independent as far as their food-supply is concerned. Both the primary foot, and the cells
of the secondary receptacle, which are in contact with the host, penetrate the latter by means of a simple
cylindrical slender rhizoids, readily visible, especially in forms which grow, or begin their growth, as is
more often the case, on the usually transparent spines or bristles projecting from the integument of the
insect (Plate XXXIX, figs. 3-4, and XLI, fig. 8).

In nearly all cases the original infection appears to take place on one of these bristles, and here, as
in other dicecious species, the spores are normally discharged in pairs, the members of which develop side
by side (Plate XLI, fig. 17), and grow into male and female individuals respectively (fig. 14). In some
species both individuals complete their development on one of these bristles as in IT. chetophilus, fig. 14;
but, in a majority of cases, a fertile branch from the subbasal cell of the primary receptacle of the female,
grows downward till it reaches the host’s integument, before any production of perithecia begins. More
frequently this fertile branch becomes furcate as soon as it leaves the bristle, the two secondary branches
being transformed into secondary perithecigerous receptacles, and in several species two paired perithecia
are thus produced, one from each of the secondary receptacles, symmetrically placed at the base of the
spine (Plate XXXIX, fig. 9, and Plate XLI, fig. 2). In other cases the secondary receptacles are
more highly developed, creeping rather extensively, but never branching, and always growing through
the activity of a single terminal cell. Such multicellular secondary receptacles may give rise to numerous
perithecia, and this type arrives at its highest development in forms like H. Ectobie (Plate XXXIX, figs.
11-12) and in H. tricuspidatus (Plate XL, fig. 13). In some forms, also, the secondary receptacles may
be more than two, and appear to arise not as branches from the primary fertile branch, but independently.
In such cases the subbasal cell of the primary receptacle evidently undergoes secondary divisions, and each
of the resultant cells sends down its fertile branch to form a corresponding number of secondary receptacles.
I have found it almost impossible to determine this connection by actual observation, but that the secondary
receptacles are multiplied in this fashion seems evident from the appearance of detached primary recep-
tacles such as are represented in fig. 10, Plate XL, or fig. 12, Plate XLI.

That still another type exists is indicated by the conditions seen in H. Paranensis and H. Nycto-
bore. Although both these species are closely allied to H7. tricuspidatus, their secondary receptacles are
not continuous cell-series, as in this species (Plate XL, fig. 11), but each perithecium is associated with
a shield-like receptacle (Plate XX XIX, fig. 5 and Plate XL, fig. 3). These shield-like structures appear
to be quite independent of one another, but that they do not arise, as in the type last described, from
distinct branches representing outgrowths from a corresponding cell formed by secondary divisions of
the subbasal cell of the primary receptacle, is evident from the conditions seen in isolated primary recep-
tacles (Plate XL, fig. 5) from which but a single branch has been developed in the usual fashion. Whether
these shield-like structures arise as branchlets from the primary branch, or whether they are to be consid-
ered intercalary modifications of it, I have as yet been unable to determine. The former alternative,
however, appears to be the more probable.

A curious condition is also illustrated by H. Periplanete, which is the most easily obtained and com-
monest member of the genus. In the typical form of this species a remarkable shield- or shell-like struc-
ture is developed, that completely covers the secondary receptacles of the female individuals, which are
seated on the integument of the host (Plate XLI, figs. 6-7). This shield-like structure is evidently an up-
growth from one of the secondary receptacles that compose the group, and is a very characteristic and
highly specialized structure. When, however, this species develops wholly on the bristle, and the primary

284 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

fertile branch is unable, or barely able, to reach its base, a curious variety of conditions may result; the
most striking difference being indicated by such a form as is illustrated in fig. 8, Plate XLI, in which the
whole habit of growth of the secondary receptacle is changed, becoming identical with that of types like
H. chetophilus (fig. 14). A form which has barely reached the base of the bristle is represented in fig.
10, and in this instance a rudimentary shield has been formed, while in fig. 9, one more fully, though
somewhat abnormally developed, is present. Enough transitional conditions have been examined to make
it evident that figs. 7 and 8 represent individuals of the same species. ‘The existence of such remarkable
variations in a single species indicates that it is necessary to use considerable caution in determining the
limitations of species in this genus.

The male individuals vary greatly in their development; some, like H. chetophilus, producing only
one or two antheridia directly from the typical four-celled primary receptacle; while others may show
much greater complication; the most highly developed type being illustrated by H. Ectobie, the second-
ary male receptacles of which may produce several hundred antheridia. he latter, in all species are
similar to others of the simple type, usually elongate and often showing no very marked distinction between
the neck and venter. In a single specimen of H. Paranensis the development of antheridia from a
single receptacle has been observed; an abnormal condition which finds a parallel among hermaphro-
dite forms, in which antheridia occasionally replace perithecia, as has been already illustrated in my
former Monograph.

The generic type of Herpomyces appears to be very well defined, and although in H. Ectobie the
presence of creeping secondary receptacles in the male, as well as in the female, tends to set this form
apart from the others, it should be remarked that the same condition occurs in H. Anaplecte. Such male
receptacles in this species are, however, rudimentary, and the antheridia are generally produced from the
primary receptacle. The immediate affinities of the genus are not apparent, and there appears to be no
obvious connection between it and the other dicecious genera with simple antheridia (Amorphomyces and
Dioicomyces). Although the habit of producing fertile branches which grow horizontally from the primary
receptacle is found in other dicecious genera like Dimorphomyces, there is no other instance in the whole
group in which nutrition is effected by means of secondary attachments to the host. It is not difficult,
however, to imagine how a form like Dimorphomyces Thleopore, for example, might originate a somewhat
similar condition through the production from its fertile branch of rhizoidal attachments; since it already
lies in contact with the surface of the host. Among the known dicecious forms, however, which are char-
acterized by simple antheridia and with which the members of the present genus would be naturally supposed
to be more closely associated than with any of the other genera, one finds no tendency toward the formation
of such fertile branches, and their other characters vary widely from those of Herpomyces. 'The struc-
ture of the perithecium and the relatively greater complication in the general structure of both sexes might
be assumed to place it higher in the scale than either Amorphomyces or Diorcomyces, although the occur-
rence of a series of forms on Blattida, which are supposed to be representatives of one of the most ancient
types of true insects, might perhaps have been expected to be correlated with a more primitive type in the
parasite. But although the unisexual forms with simple antheridia might for some reasons be assumed
to be the more primitive, the present genus is distinguished by a far more complicated structure than the
other unisexual forms of the same type, and Amorphomyces still remains, as has been pointed out above,
by far the simplest in structure of all the Laboulbeniales.

Although I have as yet been unable definitely to determine this point, the number of spores in an
ascus appears to be eight, and if this is the case, it is a character shared only by Moschomyces and Comp-
somyces. It may be of interest to note that these genera present a further resemblance in possessing more
than usually numerous wall-cells in their perithecia. In one other respect the present genus is unique,
namely in the possession of a peculiar blackish foot-like process near or beside the terminal spinous proc-
ess which is often conspicuous at the tip of the primary receptacle (Plate XLI, figs. 10, 14, 18). The signifi-
cance of this appendage I am unable to suggest. Although very characteristic, it may sometimes be absent.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZE. 285

The Blattidae, which are the only hosts of Herpomyces, are common in buildings, especially on water fronts
and abound especially in tropical regions. Many species occur under logs and under bark and are often
numerous in rubbish or under stones. ‘The Croton Bug and the Cockroaches are familiar household
pests throughout the world, and all serve as hosts for members of this interesting genus.

Hrrromyces cuaroruitus Thaxter. Plate XLI, figs. 14-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 12. June, 1902.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells, hyaline, the distal cell terminated by a blackish
projection similar to the small foot. The three distal cells, sometimes only the terminal one, usually
producing slight outgrowths which bear the single, nearly erect, long, slender antheridia directly; or may
separate a cell which bears one or very rarely two such antheridia; the latter nearly as long as the four-
celled individual. ‘Total length to tips of antheridia 50-55 1.

Female individual. Primary individual similar to the male, but stouter; terminated by a similar
blackish projection. ‘The fertile branch arising laterally from the subbasal cell, growing down in the
form of a slender filament variable in length, usually of two or three cells, enlarging abruptly to form the
single secondary receptacle. Secondary receptacle pale dirty brownish yellow, consisting of a vertical
series of cells partly double above, simple below; the cells thick-walled, the long (transverse) axes directed
obliquely upward and outward, about five to fifteen in number, their points of contact with the host
surrounded by a slightly blackened irregular foot-like haustorial margin, and giving rise to single simple,
or very rarely branched, haustoria which penetrate the wall of the spine at right angles to its surface;
the cells all sterile with the exception of the proximal one from which arises the solitary, nearly erect
perithecium. Perithecium relatively large, rather stout; the ascigerous portion large, slightly inflated,
longer than the outwardly curved distal portion, which tapers to the bluntly pointed unmodified apex;
the tip bent abruptly outward. Spores 30-35 x 3 w. Perithecia 125-185 X 35-48 yp. ‘Total length of
primary individual 35-40 #. Secondary receptacle 35-75 x 22 py.

On spines of legs, antennz and anal appendages of Periplaneta sp., Zanzibar, Africa; Mus. Comp.
Zoél. On Periplaneta sp., Mauritius; Mus. Comp. Zoél., No. 1357.

This species, which is taken as the type of the genus, appears to be perhaps its simplest form,
and is distinguished by its solitary perithecium, the tip of which is unarmed and bent outward, as well
as by its vertically developed secondary receptacle. It has not been observed on any other of the many
individuals examined of its supposedly cosmopolitan host. Its general habit is closely approached by
chzetophilous forms of H. Periplanete (fig. 8), but the perithecia are quite different in the two species.

Herromyces PerIPLANET Thaxter. Plate XLI, figs. 6-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 13. June, 1902.

Very variable according to the host and the position of growth.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells, the two upper, in simpler individuals, producing
one or two antheridia which are either sessile or borne on a single stalk-cell: in more highly developed
individuals the two distal cells producing short branches which may bear several antheridia directly, or
on secondary branchlets, some of which appear to be occasionally sterile; the total number of antheridia
sometimes six or more. Greatest length of well-developed forms, to tips of antheridia, 90 4, of small
specimens 60 4.

Female individual, hyaline or nearly so. Primary receptacle surmounted by two or more sterile
cells, the uppermost often asymmetrical, ending in a terminal spinous process and bearing the minute
characteristic black projection laterally: the subbasal cell sometimes several times divided, each resultant
cell apparently giving rise to a single branch from which is developed the very variable secondary receptacle.
Secondary receptacle: in simple individuals growing on spines of host; consisting of a vertical series of
from four*to twenty or more obliquely superposed cells, alternating to form a double row, otherwise similar
to that of H. chetophilus and like it producing a single erect perithecium from one of its uppermost cells:

286 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

m individuals growing on the integument of host; producing a variable number of fertile branches,
disposed subhorizontally on either side of the primary receptacle, the perithecigerous cells, of which there
may be from one to six, together with the male individual when present, and the bases of the perithecia,
protected by a shield- or shell-like, usually very unequally bilobed cellular upgrowth, rounded or bluntly
pointed above, the symmetrically curved successive cells which compose it enormously elongated trans-
versely, their lumen scarcely wider than the intervening walls and forming a series of concentrically ar-
ranged arcs, the concavities directed downward. Perithecia one to six, commonly five in well-developed
specimens, slightly divergent from the median line, long, pointed, tapering from the slightly, more or less
asymmetrically inflated base; the distal portion not clearly differentiated, tapering more or less, curved,
the slender upper portion bent abruptly inward toward the tip; the pointed apex bent inward, subtended
externally by a terminal, slightly incurved, rather slender, bluntly pointed unicellular process, the cells
of the cell row which it terminates distinctly larger than the other wall-cells; basal cells somewhat prom-
inent. Spores 16 X 1.5 w. Perithecia 145-220 30-36 y, the process 14 y. Secondary receptacle,
including protective shield, in well-developed individuals 125 X 75 #; in small specimens 35 X 50 yp;
when vertically developed without shield 35-110 X 18 p.

On Periplaneta Americana Sauss. (type form), Cambridge (Mr. Bullard): Bermuda, Mus. Comp.
Zobl. On Periplaneta Australasia Sauss., Bermuda. On Periplaneta spp., Mexico, West Indies, Pan-
ama, Brazil, Africa, South Seas, China. All Mus. Comp. Zoél. On Stylopyga orientalis Scudd., Boston,
Mus. Comp. Zoil.

This common, and in its typical condition, very striking form, appears to be as universally distrib-
uted as are its cosmopolitan hosts. It is remarkable for its variability on different hosts or in different
positions on the same host. ‘Thus the shell-like shield of the typical form is very frequently absent in
specimens on Stylopyga, the form represented in fig. 8, being that which occurs most commonly on this
host, while on Periplaneta it is rarely seen. On Stylopyga, moreover, the shield-like covering, when it
is developed at all, is usually much smaller than in individuals growing on Periplaneta, and the number
of perithecia is usually less. In individuals of the type represented in fig. 8, one often finds instances in
which two secondary receptacles have developed from the primary one, each producing its solitary peri-
thecium, the two seeming to be paired.

In the normal typical form (fig. 7) the cells beneath the shield are so closely cacao that I have
not been able to satisfy myself as to the exact relations of the structures developed from the female pri-
mary receptacle. Asin other cases, however, the subbasal cell of the latter seems to cut off a number of
cells distally, each of which produces a fertile branch (fig. 12); there being usually five such branches,
as shown in the figure; the lower cell, at the left in this figure, being the basal cell of the receptacle from
which the foot is broken. If each of these branches produced its single perithecium one would have the
condition seen in fig. 7, which is that usually found, the individual bearing five perithecia; one, supposedly,
from each branch. Where less than five occur, as often happens, it may be assumed that a smaller num-
ber of branches have been developed from the subbasal cell.

A comparison of figs. 10, 9 and 7 will show how the typically bilobed shield is produced by growth
of one of the secondary receptacles upward and outward, on both sides, but much more so on the right
than on the left. The form of the perithecium in this species and the position and character of its ter-
minal spine, distinguish it from all others, even in cases (fig. 8) where the normal shield has not been
- developed. ‘The hosts are the common brown and black roaches and the fungus is usually conspicuous
from its white color, growing in tufts, especially on the antenne.

Herromyces Pratyzoster1® Thaxter. Plate XXXIX, figs. 3-4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 310. July, 1905.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells bearing distally one or several antheridia. Total
length to tip of antheridia about 40 y.,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZS. 287

Female individual, colorless. Primary receptacle consisting of four superposed cells, the terminal
one acuminate; the subbasal giving rise to a branch which produces a single secondary receptacle, made
up of a vertical series of cells, obliquely superposed, and variable in number, giving rise above to a solitary
perithecium. Perithecium erect, bent inward toward the seta on which the individual grows, the asciger-
ous portion hardly, or not at all, inflated; the distal portion curved outward, tapering to the pointed apex,
which is subtended on the inner side by a stout, bluntly rounded projection, about as long as the free
apex of the perithecium, which extends outward at right angles from its base. ‘Total length to tip of
subterminal projection 160-225 pw. Perithecium 150 X 33 yp, its terminal process 10 * 3.5 p.

On the antennal setee of Platyzosteria ingens Scud., Mexico; Scudder Collection, No. 1384.

In the conformation of its perithecial tip this species resembles [7. Zanzibarinus more nearly than
any other species. ‘The perithecial appendage or subterminal process is, however, blunt or even slightly
enlarged distally. ‘The host is a large wingless roach, species of which are very common in Florida:
but although, through the kindness of Professor Rolfs, I have had an opportunity to look over numerous
specimens from Miami, I have been unable to discover any parasites on them.

Herrromyces ZANZIBARINUS Thaxter. Plate XL, figs. 8-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 15. June, 1902.

Male individual consisting of four cells, the distal one furnished with a sharp colorless terminal spine
and a small blackish subterminal process, both of which become pushed to one side by the development
of one, or sometimes two, sessile antheridia; the subterminal cell somewhat larger, sterile, or producing
an antheridium laterally. ‘Total length 28 X 6.5 . Antheridia 25 yp.

Female indiwidual colorless. Primary receptacle surmounted by two sterile cells, the upper termi-
nated by a sharp spinous process subtended by a blackish process, as in the male: the subbasal cell appar-
ently divided at least once, the two, or more, cells producing a fertile branch from which two few-celled,
paired, compact secondary receptacles are produced, secondary fertile branches sometimes arising from
division, of the subbasal cell; each of which bears a single perithecium, the cells rather irregular, about five
or six in number, subhorizontal in position, without characteristic modification. Ascigerous portion of the
perithecium relatively stout, inflated on its inner side, almost twice as long as the distal portion, which
tapers from it rather abruptly: distal portion curved inward abruptly at the pointed tip, which diverges
from an erect blunt unicellular process which subtends it, at an angle of more than 90°. Perithecium,
including base, to tip of terminal process, 125 X 28-32 y; the process 10 » long. ‘The pair of fertile re-
ceptacles together about 30-35 X 45 broad (horizontally).

On the antenna of a large black wingless roach, Zanzibar, Africa; Mus. Comp. Zodl., No. 1354.

This species is most nearly allied to H. Platyzosterie from which it differs in its smaller size, paired
habit, and in other structural details.

HERPOMYCES ARIETINUS Thaxter. Plate XL, fig. 7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 14. June, 1902.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells, the basal one relatively long, the distal ones bear-
ing two to three antheridia. Length about 29 4. Antheridia about 20 p.

Female indwidual hyaline. Primary receptacle surmounted by two sterile cells, the upper terminated
by an erect distally mucronate appendage; the subbasal cell, and often one or two cells which may be
separated from it above, giving rise each to a branch which becomes immediately furcate; each branch-
let producing a secondary receptacle. Secondary receptacles, symmetrically paired or several, each con-
sisting of a horizontal series of about twelve or more vertically elongated, subfusiform, more or less
curved cells, corresponding to and external to the fertile cell which bears the primary perithecium, the
external margin free. Ascigeroas portion of the perithecium relatively long, hardly inflated, tapering
slightly above, where it passes into the distal portion; which is about half as long, tapers slightly, and
is terminated by an incurved, tongue-like, slender, subcylindrical prolongation of the apex on the inner

288 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ.

side, and by a relatively long straight erect slightly tapering subtending terminal unicellular spine-like
process. Spores about 20 X 2 y. Perithecia 100 X 22 y, the terminal process 18 . Secondary recep-
tacles, together, 55 X 18 uu.

On the antenna of a small brown wingless roach (probably Temnopleryx sp.) taken under stones and
bark near the mouth of the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky; Mus. Comp. Zodél., No. 1370 Type. On Tem-
nopteryx sp., Prouts Neck, Mass., No. 1380, and Georgia, No. 1382, Scudder Collection. On Ischnoptera
sp., Georgia, No. 1386, Scudder Collection.

This species is easily distinguished by the relatively large and long terminal spine, and the elongate
nearly cylindrical slender tip of the perithecium. ‘The secondary receptacles are usually paired, but
several may develop, generally behind the first two, and appear to arise from secondary fertile branches
from the receptacle. The secondary receptacles are sometimes more closely cellular and somewhat
larger relatively, than is shown in fig. 7; but the species appears to be otherwise quite constant on all
the hosts mentioned.

Herpomyces DipLoprerz Thaxter. Plate XLI, figs. 1-5.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 16. June, 1902.

Male individual; four-celled, the two middle cells roundish-oblong, the distal longer and subcylin-
drical, terminated by the usual minute blackish projection; the subterminal and subbasal cells each pro-
ducing one or two nearly sessile, or short-stalked, antheridia, with well differentiated slender necks. ‘Total
length to tips of antheridia about 50 yp.

Female individual. Primary receptacle similar to male, the subterminal and subbasal cells sub-
cylindrical, longer than broad; the fertile branch producing two symmetrically placed secondary recep-
tacles, the sterile external cells yellowish, somewhat larger and more distinct, about twelve or more in
number; the series extending externally and inferiorly to form a free buttress-like margin, which almost
wholly covers the single fertile cell. Perithecium yellowish, straight, nearly erect, the base bulging very
slightly; but hardly broader than the ascigerous part, which is relatively large, long, subcylindrical, or
slightly inflated; the distal part, relatively short, rather abruptly distinguished; the posterior cell-row,
which is external in relation to the host, more prominent, with larger thick-walled cells, the fifth from
below prolonged to form a long, bluntly tipped, erect, horn-like, subterminal projection, distally curved
inward above the short slightly incurved pointed subconical tip. Total length of perithecium (exclusive
of base) to tip of process 150 y; to tip 115 : ascigerous part 70-75 X 28-30 p, distal part to tip 35-40 p;
the process, free part, 25-30 4, whole cell 40-44 p. Secondary receptacles both together 55-65 & 25 pu.
Total length to tip of process 175-185 p.

On antenne of Diploptera dityscoides Sery., Ascension Island, South Atlantic; Mus. Comp. Zoél.,
No. 1371.

The secondary receptacles are paired in all the individuals of this species which have been examined,
and are relatively small; the body of the perithecium is nearly isodiametric till it narrows suddenly to the
relatively short, abruptly distinguished distal portion, which is terminated by the relatively long curved
spine; the tip short and subconical. It is otherwise very similar to H. arzetinus.

Herrromyces Poytitopromia Thaxter. Plate XXXIX, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 310. July, 1905.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells: producing distally one or several antheridia
directly. ‘Total length about 30 p.

Female individual. Colorless, the primary receptacle minute, consisting of four subequal cells:
the subbasal sending down a branch which furcates to produce a pair of small secondary receptacles,
consisting of only two or three vertically elongated cells and each bearing a solitary perithecium. Peri-
thecia more or less symmetrically placed, the ascigerous portion slightly inflated, tapering above to the
somewhat slender distal portion, which bends abruptly outward from the substratum, diverging but

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 289

slightly; the tip subtended by a blunt pointed spine-like projection, directed nearly at right angles to the
axis of the free tip. Primary receptacle about 25 w long. Secondary receptacle 20 * 10. Perithecium,
to tip of process, about 80-100 15-20 p.

On antenn of Phyllodromia sp., Abyssinia; Scudder Collection, No. 1381.

This is a small and rather insignificant species of which the material is not very abundant. ‘Though
resembling [7. Anaplecte in some respects, and like it in possessing a very small secondary receptacle,
the spinose tip of the latter and the very simple male individuals recall the conditions seen in I. Zanzi-
barinus. It is unlike other species owing to the slight divergence of the paired perithecia and their strong
tendency to bend outward from the substratum. An examination of more abundant material may show
that the male individual is not in all cases so simple as in the individual represented in fig. 2.

Herromyces Ecronia# Thaxter. Plate XXXIX, figs. 11-16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 20. June, 1902.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells terminated by the characteristic blackish pro-
jection, the distal cells producing a dense appressed tuft of coherent antheridial branchlets and antherdia;
the subbasal cell usually giving rise to a fertile branch, simple or furcate, which produces secondary male
receptacles consisting of irregularly double straggling series of cells, some of which are sterile, while others
bear short-stalked, unilateral, dense antheridial tufts similar to the primary one (which may sometimes
be lacking ?).

Female indwidual colorless. Primary receptacle as in the male, terminated by two short cells, the
upper of which bears distally the characteristic blackish minute foot-like projection, the subbasal cell
producing a simple or furcate fertile branch. The fertile receptacles, like those of the male, often creeping
extensively, consisting of an irregularly double series of obliquely seriate cells, sterile or fertile without
definite sequence, the whole plant producing sometimes twelve or even more perithecia, developed as a
rule in irregularly acropetal succession. Perithecia subsessile, inflated below, attenuated above, the
extremity bent or sometimes slightly recurved, the apex unmodified. Spores 20 X 2.5 p. Perithecia,
including base, 80-90 <X 20 ». Total length of secondary receptacle, longer, 200-225 * 15 yw. Pri-
mary individual 22 p.

On Ectobia Germanica Scudd., Cambridge, Mr. Bullard. On Ectobia sp., Zanzibar; Mus. Comp.
Zoél., No. 1357: St. Kitts, West Indies; Mus. Comp. Zool., No. 1361.

Since repent males and females usually grow together, the antheridia and perithecia often appear to
arise from one plant, but this is never the actual condition. The species can hardly be confused with
any other, unless perhaps with H. Anaplecte, to which it is most nearly allied; but from which it may
be distinguished by the repent habit in both sexes, and by the shape of the perithecia. The species is
doubtless as widely distributed as is its cosmopolitan host, the common “water bug” or “Croton bug”
well known to housewives.

‘

Herromyces ANAPLECTH Thaxter. Plate XXXIX, figs. 9-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 309. July, 1905.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells, the two or three upper ones becoming variably
branched, and bearing a variable number of antheridia on the branchlets; the subbasal cell apparently
in some cases producing one or two small secondary receptacles, each of which bears an irregular tuft of
antheridia. ‘Total length, including antheridia, 35-50 ». Antheridia 24 X 2 yp.

Female individual hyaline. Primary receptacle mostly 4-celled, the distal cell at first long, conical,
mucronate, becoming more or less collapsed and irregular at maturity; the subbasal giving rise to a branch
from which are formed a pair of small secondary receptacles, each producing a single perithecium; the
two symmetrically placed, and symmetrically curved away from the axis of the primary receptacle. Peri-
thecium long, slender, tapering from below the middle to its attenuated apex; the transverse boundaries
of the wall-cells often indicated in the middle region by more or less distinct elevations, the apex unmodi-

290 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

fied, blunt. Primary receptacle 25 X 3 yp. Secondary receptacle 16 < 13 yp. Perithecium 80-90 x
16 pw. Spores about 18 X 2 y.

On the antennze of a species of Anaplecta allied to A. Dohrinana, collected under stones along the
margin of a stream near Caracas, Venezuela, by Dr. A. F. Blakeslee.

This species is most nearly allied to H. Ectobia@ and occurs on a related host. The male individual
sometimes produces a short branch from the subbasal cell which gives rise to a small secondary receptacle
(or perhaps in some individuals to two, through fureation), bearing small tufts of antheridial branches.
In the female the perithecia are very regularly and symmetrically paired as shown in fig. 9, the secondary
receptacles, in marked contrast to those of H. Ectobia, being less well developed than in any other species.

HERPOMYCES FORFICULARIS Thaxter. Plate XL, figs. 18-22.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 15. June, 1902.

Male individual minute, consisting of four superposed cells, the three upper subequal, nearly round,
constricted at the septa, the distal one terminated by a short bluntly pointed appendage resembling a
minute foot, which is commonly turned to one side by the development laterally from the same cell of a
single slender antheridium. ‘Total length 18 X 5 4. The antheridium about 35 p.

Female individual. Primary receptacle consisting of two superposed cells terminated by a single
abruptly smaller sterile cell, which is slightly longer than broad and is terminated by a bluntly pointed
appendage similar to that of the male, but larger; the subbasal cell much enlarged, somewhat inflated,
the fertile branch at once furcate so that two secondary receptacles are formed symmetrically placed on
either side of and just below the primary receptacle. Secondary receptacles distinctly yellowish exter-
nally, consisting of a nearly horizontal series of about ten sterile cells, very narrow from the great
elongation of their transverse axes which are vertical in position, and so arranged as to cover more or
less completely the single fertile cell, which is subtriangular and gives rise to a solitary perithecium.
Base of the perithecium nearly as broad as the secondary receptacle, forming a short stout neck:
perithecium relatively large, the ascigerous portion somewhat longer than the distal part, very slightly
inflated, nearly isodiametric, the base of the trichogyne persistent as a rather conspicuous hyaline
projection between it and the distal part which is but slightly narrower, hardly tapering, the large
lateral cells thick-walled, the rows similar on either side and terminating in large incurved tapering
bluntly pointed brownish-yellow unicellular projections, which surmount the perithecium like a pair of
mandibles, the inner somewhat shorter and straighter: the short, pointed apex imcluded between their
bases and bent slightly inward. Spores about 18 X 2 yw. Perithecia including base 200 X 36 mw; the
terminal projections, longer, 35 y. Secondary receptacles 35 20-35 . Primary receptacle including
sterile terminal cell 20 x 7 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 220-250 yp.

On antenne of a wingless roach, Mauritius (?); Mus. Comp. Zodl., No. 1353.

This curious form is readily distinguished by its perithecium which is relatively long and broad and
is terminated by two incurved subequal caliper-like processes on either side of the tip, thus presenting an
appearance seen in no other species. It is most nearly allied to H. tricuspidatus, H. Paranensis and
HH. Nyctobore, but lacks the third spinous process seen in these species, and is otherwise widely different.
In all the specimens examined the secondary receptacles are regularly paired as in fig. 18.

HeERPoMYCES TRICUSPIDATUS Thaxter. Plate XL, figs. 11-17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 17. June, 1902.

Male individual variably developed, the terminal cell rounded, apiculate, but as a rule soon indis-—
tinguishable through proliferation of the cells below, the simple forms producing few antheridia, although
in most instances, through continued successive proliferation, a dense compact more or less appressed tuft
is formed. Antheridium long flask-shaped, hardly distinguished from the usually several-celled branchlet
which it terminates. Total length to tips of antheridia 75 yp.

Female individual, Primary receptacle small, surmounted by two rounded cells constricted at the

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE//. 291

septa, the distal one bearing a small sharp spine subtended by the usual minute blackish projection:
the subbasal cell producing apparently a single fertile branch which divides at once, growing in opposite
directions to form the somewhat irregular, and variably developed continuous secondary receptacles,
which may creep more or less extensively; the component cells, which are often very numerous, being
vertically elongated and becoming arranged in two more or less complete rows; the inner mostly
fertile, producing perithecia of which there may be twelve or rarely more; the outer becoming several
times closely divided vertically, the cell-group which thus gives rise to the perithecial stalk, laterally
connected with corresponding adjacent cell-groups throughout its lower third only, the upper two thirds
forming a free, or nearly free, continuation of the perithecial stalk, forming no free protective margin
above, while below they develop a continuous, irregularly lobed, spreading haustorial margin in close
contact with the host. Perithecia raised on a well-developed stalk, consisting of two unequal and asym-
metrical cells placed side by side; that on the side toward which the tip of the perithecium is bent (anterior)
attenuated below and extending higher than the posterior, which becomes narrower upward from its
broad base; the stalk becoming gradually and slightly broader from below upward, and directly con-
tinued by the base of the perithectum from which it is not distinguished. Ascigerous portion of the
perithecium distinguished from the base by a very slight prominence, and about as long as the stalk and
base combined; becoming distally slightly broader, the two lower tiers of wall-cells separated by a slight
elevation; the third wall-cell of the anterior row small, and forming a prominent elevation followed by
a depression which subtends a large, erect, tapering, bluntly pointed, distally incurved spinous process,
formed by an outgrowth of the lowest cell in the anterior row of wall-cells of the distal portion (fourth
anterior wall-cell), which extends upward higher than the tip of the perithecium, its upper two thirds
‘ forming a free spine; the lower cell of one of the corresponding lateral rows (fourth lateral wall-cells)
producing a similar process, shorter, slightly sharper, curved inward distally toward the apical pore, this
process always external in relation to the host and thus developed on the right or left side according as
the perithecium is formed from the receptacle at the left or at the right of the original insertion toward
which the anterior sides of all the perithecia are turned: the rest of the terminal portion above the bases
of these outgrowths short, abruptly tapering, its outer margin vertical, slightly prominent and not dis-
tinguished from the posterior margin of the ascigerous portion, which is directly continued by it; its
inner margin running abruptly inward and upward from the base of the anterior process to the small
blunt tip, which is curved abruptly inward and is subtended by a nearly erect, short, sharp spinous process;
the whole nearly symmetrical with the anterior process which is very slightly longer. Spores about 12 y
long. Perithecia, ascigerous portion 45-50 < 25 y, terminal part to tip 28 y, anterior process 30-34 yp,
apical process 8 yp, stalk, including basal cells, 45-58 K 16-18 yw. ‘Total horizontal extent of larger in-
dividuals including both receptacles 220 yw. Fertile cells below perithecial stalks 30-40 < 13-15 yp.
Total height to tip of perithecial process 175-200 p. .

On Blabera sp. and Epilampra (7?) sp., Panama; Mus. Comp. Zoél., No. 1364. On Epilampra sp.,
No. 1360, St. Kitts, W. I. (type), No. 1366, Hayti. On a wingless form labelled “China?” All Mus.
Comp. Zoél., and in all cases on the antenne.

Although the perithecia of this species resemble very closely those of H. Nyctobore in the disposition
of their spinous processes, the general form of the perithecium is quite different. The latter are further
borne on long stalk-cells which occur neither in H. Nyctobore nor in the nearly allied H. Paranensis.
It differs also from all of the other bi- or tri-cuspidate forms in the structure and mode of growth of its
secondary receptacles. ‘The perithecia appear to mature more or less simultaneously; at least I have
seen no instances in which young and mature perithecia were associated on the same individual. The
male individuals vary considerably in their development, some producing perhaps a dozen antheridia,
or less, while in others a dense tuft is present containing many times this number,

292 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Hrrromyces Nycrosora Thaxter. Plate XXXIX, figs. 5-8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 309. July, 1905.

Male individual. Axis consisting of five or six cells, the basal somewhat elongate, the rest short
and somewhat rounded, the terminal one abruptly apiculate; the distal cells producing branches which
in turn branch three to four times, the ultimate branchlets bearing the antheridia terminally in groups,
the whole forming a dense tuft. Axis about 54 < 10 y, the total length to the tips of the antheridia about
100 ». Antheridia 20 * 3 yp.

Female individual. Colorless, the primary receptacle consisting of four or five cells, the terminal
one short and apiculate; the subbasal (perhaps others also?) giving rise to branches which produce a
variable number of secondary receptacles arranged with the younger behind the older, as in H. Paranensis.
The secondary receptacles much as in H. Paranensis, the first formed broadest. Perithecium long and
slender, tapering, especially above the middle; the stalk-cells flattened, so that the perithecium is almost
sessile on the receptacle; the ascigerous portion often abruptly somewhat narrower than the base, the
fourth lateral external wall-cell bearing a long curved attenuated wholly free spine-like cell, which extends
just beyond a subterminal short distally incurved sharp spinous process, which subtends, and is nearly
twice as long as, the free curved tip of the perithecium: the fourth anterior wall-cell also producing a long
curved spinous process, slightly shorter than the lateral one, or more divergent. Secondary receptacles
65 X 45-50 ». Base and stalk-cells of perithecium 30-35 * 15-18 yp, the ascigerous part to tip of longest
spine 150-165 : width near base 20-25 1, below lower spine 10-12 4; external spine 50 y, terminal spine
12 p.

On antenne of Nyctobora latipennis, Texas; Scudder Collection, No. 1383.

This species is closely allied to H. Paranensis, from which it differs in its more highly developed
male individuals, and in the form and structure of its perithecium. The slender tapering habit, and the
arrangement of the spines in relation to the tip, being quite different; although the form and arrangement
of the secondary receptacles are very similar.

Herpomyces ParaNneNsis Thaxter. Plate XL, figs. 1-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 19. June, 1902.

Male individual. ‘Terminal cel] distally modified to form a long slender flexuous tapering unicellular
prolongation extending above the tips of the antheridia which are few in number, terminal on rather long
often several-celled branchlets. ‘Total length to tip of terminal prolongation 250 »; the prolongation
185 ». Antheridia about 60-70 pu.

Female individual. Primary receptacle very small, the distal cells rounded, the uppermost pro-
longed as in the male. First secondary receptacles developed on either side of the primary, those formed
later lying behind them on either side so that the perithecia are more or less clustered (younger ones
appearing behind the two primary ones), and each secondary receptacle developing a shield-like structure
external to the base of the first fertile cell, like a buttress, the outer and upper margins of which are free,
consisting of sterile cells which are greatly elongated vertically and very narrow, similar and successively
fewer-celled buttresses being formed behind the primary one in connection with each of the remaining
perithecia, of which there may be from four to six or more. Perithecia very similar to those of H. 3-
cuspidatus, but with the following differences: the greatly elongated fertile cell of the receptacle extends
nearly to the base of the perithecium, the posterior stalk-cell extending downward beside it nearly to its
base, covered by the protective shield except at its distal end, which is connected by a narrow isthmus
with an abrupt short broad terminal enlargement; the anterior stalk-cell small, short, subtriangular in
outline; the base of the perithecium abruptly somewhat broader, its cells protruding more or less dis-
tinctly; the ascigerous region thus somewhat clearly distinguished, especially posteriorly, relatively dis-
tinctly larger than in H. tricuspidatus somewhat inflated; the conformation of the distal portion
similar in general, but the third wall-cell of the anterior row is not modified to form a prominence at the

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/®. 293

base of the anterior spiniferous cell, the upper half of which forms a free spinous process slightly incurved
distally and equalled or even exceeded by the lateral spinous process: the free tip of the perithecium
about twice as long relatively, slightly incurved, the erect incurved spinous process, which subtends it
externally, more than twice as long as that of HH. 3-cuspidatus and sublateral; the tip between the base
of this spine and the inner angle of the anterior spine relatively shorter and broader. Spores about
15 X 1.6 y. Perithecium: ascigerous portion 58 30 4; terminal portion to tip, 40 4“; anterior process,
free portion, 22-25 pw, whole cell, 50-54 4; subterminal process, free part, 17 4; total length, 123 y, includ-
ing basal cells. Width of two outer buttresses together 85-100 4; height of shield-like upgrowth 36-50 p;
length from insertion to base of perithecium 60-80 4; total length from insertion to tip of perithecial spine
180-218

On antenna of a wingless roach Blabera sp., Para, Brazil; Mus. Comp. Zodl., No. 1362; on Blabera
sp., Mexico, Scudder Collection.

As has been previously mentioned, the primary receptacle of this species appears to give rise to one
branch only (fig. 5), and is very small and otherwise peculiar, the terminal cell greatly elongated and
tapering. The fertile branch becomes furcate at once, and the groups of buttressed perithecia seem to
result from continued secondary branching; the first pair of secondary receptacles that is produced being
anterior and more highly developed, shielding the later ones which arise behind them. ‘The development
of the perithecia in these secondary receptacles does not appear to be so simultaneous as it is in other
species, I. Periplanete for example; since very young perithecia are often associated in the same indi-
vidual with others that are fully matured.

The present form is most nearly allied to HZ. Diploptere which is characterized by the same mode
of growth, but possesses very different perithecia, and also to H. tricuspidatus in which the habit of growth
is quite unlike either of these species.

AMORPHOMYCES Thaxter.

The single described species of this genus still remains the simplest of all the types thus far discovered
and unique in possessing spores which are continuous. Whether this simplicity should be considered
indicative of a primitive condition or as due to a process of reduction, it is quite impossible to say. ‘The
species has been seen from various localities in New England where it is common and has also been re-
ceived from Ohio. Certain undescribed forms are also known from South America, which adhere strictly
to the type of A. Falagria.

DIOICOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 33. June, 1901.

Male individual consisting of four superposed cells, the upper of which is a simple antheridium
bearmg a subterminal discharge tube.

Female individual. Receptacle ending in a peculiarly modified sterile prominence, corresponding
to the upper spore-segment: the subbasal cell producing a single perithecium laterally, and separated
from the sterile terminal cell by a second small cell. Perithecium free, stalked; the ascogenic cell single,
the spores more or less obliquely once-septate, and of two kinds corresponding to the sexes.

This genus is distinguished from Amorphomyces, to which it is closely allied, by its obliquely septate
spores; as well as by the fact that its perithecium, instead of being terminal, arises laterally below two
sterile cells which terminate the receptacle. The subterminal origin of the discharge tube of the antheri-
dium is a further and apparently constant difference; while the presence in the male individual of four,
in place of three, cells, serves to separate the two genera at once. The difference in size between the male
and female spores is usually very striking, Plate XLII, figs. 24, 25 and 29, and as in the other dicecious
genera, one almost invariably finds that the two have been discharged simultaneously and have devel-
oped side by side. When the discharge of spores has been copious, however, and the individuals are

294 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

growing in a more or less crowded condition, this pairing of the sexes may not be so clearly marked,
but it is noticeable that female spores which have begun to develop in positions where there are no male
individuals in close proximity tend to abort.

The trichogynes of this genus which have been examined are of the simple type illustrated in fig.
23, and consist of two cells that form a thick-walled inflated structure, from the distal end of which the
small thin-walled receptive papilla is developed in close proximity to the end of the discharge tube of the
male individual, a condition almost exactly similar to that found in Enarthromyces. Abnormal males
rarely occur in which a second antheridium may be formed below the first, but such conditions are ex-
ceptional. ‘The male individuals in the different species are all very similar and with the exception of
D. Floridanus, which is unusually large and possesses a very long discharge tube, can hardly be distin-
guished from one another. ‘The species, which are probably more numerous than might be supposed
from the small number of described forms, have thus far been found only on Staphylinide and on
Anthicidz, small beetles inhabiting vegetable refuse of various sorts, and sometimes swept from flowers.

Dioicomycres Antuict Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 18-25.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 33. June, 1901.

Male individual. Form slender, of nearly the same diameter throughout, the basal cell half the total
length of the individual to the tip of the discharge-tube; the third cell nearly square, the subbasal about
as large as the terminal antheridial cell, which ends in a distal blunt projection; the discharge-tube arising
laterally below the tip, projecting upward from a broadened base, slightly divergent from the main axis,
slender, about as long, or a little longer than, the body of the antheridial cell. Length to tip of antheri-
dial cel], including foot, 50 4: to tip of discharge-tube 60 ». Width 8 pu.

Female individual. Often more or less strongly curved, the terminal sterile cell bluntly pointed,
slightly curved, brownish; the basal cell becoming narrower below, the upper septum convex; tinged
with brown posteriorly as is the rest of the receptacle: the subbasal cell very small, subtriangular; sepa-
rated from the terminal sterile cell by a somewhat smaller triangular cell. Stalk-cell of the perithecium
hyaline, long, often about the same diameter throughout; the thick wall becoming gradually thicker
distally: the perithecium slightly inflated, faintly brownish; the short, stout, broad, blunt tip slightly
distinguished, and nearly symmetrical; the lip-cells forming an unbroken outline, without protrusions.
Spores (male) 40 X 4 yp, (female) 60 X 6 w. Perithecium 100-110 35-45 yp, the stalk-cell 75-115 X
18 4. Receptacle including foot 35 x 12 yp, the sterile terminal cell 18-25 X 7-9 ». Total length to tip
of perithecium 185-220 p.

On Anthicus floralis Linn. Fresh Pond, Cambridge. On A. Californicus Laf. California (Leconte
Collection).

Of the three species which occur on Anthicus this is decidedly the most common and has been ob-
tained in abundance near Fresh Pond where the hosts were found in piles of hay or weed. It usually
occurs near the tips of the elytra and is subject to little variation. It is most nearly allied to D. oncho-
phorus, but is easily distinguished by its perithecial characters. All of the three species which mhabit
this host are sometimes found together on a single individual, but occupy more or less restricted regions.

Droicomyces ONcHOPHORUS Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 26-29.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 34. June, 1901.

Male individual similar to that of D. Anthict, slightly smaller.

Female individual. Usually strongly curved, especially at the base of the stalk-cell; similar to D.
Anthici; the receptacle, sterile cell, and the stalk of the perithecium, relatively smaller. Perithecium
dirty brown, one of the lip-cells protruding in the form of a well defined, lateral, finger-like, erect, straight,
or slightly curved, blunt-tipped, concolorous process; an irregular anterior elevation or angular promi-
nence is also more or less well defined above the middle of the perithecium. Spores (male) 35 X 4 p,
(female) 45 X 5. Perithecia to tip of projection 125-140 40-45 y, the stalk-cell 90 4. Total length
to tip of perithecium 210-230 p.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 295

Usually on the basal half or at the base of the left elytron of Anthicus floralis Linn. Fresh Pond,
Cambridge.

This species is readily distinguished by the characters of its perithecium, the general form of which
is unlike that of the related D. Anthici, and which bears a terminal prominence not found in any other
species. ‘The sterile cell of the receptacle is also as a rule more pointed than in other species, and rela-
tively somewhat smaller, and the perithecial stalk-cell is usually abruptly bent or twisted. It is less com-
mon than either of the other species on this host,

DI0ICOMYCES SPINIGERUS Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 30-34.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 34. June, 1901.

Male individual similar to that of D. Anthict, much smaller, the extremity less prominent, or almost
horizontal, the discharge tube somewhat more slender, and more often erect. ‘Total length including
foot 40 X 6.5 pw; to tip of discharge-tube 47 p.

Female individual. Receptacle relatively small, tinged with dirty yellowish, edged with brown to
the tip of the small terminal sterile cell. Perithecium dirty yellowish and relatively large, considerably
and more or less symmetrically inflated, above and including its basal cells, to the base of the tip, which
is bent abruptly outward at right angles to the axis of the perithecium; the apex broad, blunt, the lip-
cells hardly projecting: a unicellular brown, straight or slightly curved, spine-like process, which tapers
to a blunt point, projects upward at an angle of about 45° from the middle of the outer (anterior) margin
of the perithecium; and a slight elevation is also more or less distinct between its base and that of the tip;
the stalk-cell, relatively short, becoming rapidly narrower toward its base. Spores (male) 26 * 4 yp,
(female) 40 X 6 ». Perithecia including basal cells 125 X 50 yp, the spinous process 55 yp, the stalk-cell
36-40 uw. Receptacle to tip of sterile cell about 45 4. ‘Total length to tip of peritheeium about 185 yp.

On Anthicus floralis Linn., with the last two species, more commonly on the inferior surface of the
abdomen. Fresh Pond, Cambridge.

This species is the most peculiar member of the genus and is at once distinguished by the spine-like
outgrowth from one of the anterior perithecial wall-cells, as well as by other characters. It is a rather
rare species, but sufficiently abundant material has been examined to show that its characters are quite
constant.

Diorcomyces Fiormpanus Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 35-36.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 33. June, 1901. Amorphomyces Floridanus Thaxter, 1. ¢., Vol.
XXVIII, p. 159.

Male indwidual. Relatively large, long, brown, the discharge-tube long slender curved, the tip of
the antheridial cell prominent beyond its base. Length 55 X 8 yw; the discharge-tube 24 y.

Female individual. Color brown. Perithecium stout strongly curved inward the upper half nearly
straight and symmetrical blunt-tipped; the stalk-cells lightly mflated, nearly isodiametric. Receptacle
normal. Perithecium about 150 X 50 w. ‘Total length about 200 4. Receptacle to tip of sterile cell,
including foot, 65 y.

Type on abdomen of Bledius basalis Lec., Florida, Henshaw Collection: on Bledius sp., Ipswich,
Mass.

This species was originally described from a single female individual from Florida under the genus
Amorphomyces, but proves to correspond in all respects to the type of the present genus. A single pair
has been obtained from a small Bledius collected by Mr. Emerton on the sand dunes at Ipswich, and
the male proves to be somewhat different from those of the other species in its brown color, larger relative
size, and elongate curved discharge-tube. The female resembles that of D. Anthici more closely than
it does either of the other species, but differs in its stouter form and the nearly isodiametric stalk-cell of
its perithecium, as well as in its darker brown color.

296 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

DI0ICcOMYCES OBLIQUESEPTATUS Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 16-17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 33. June, 1901. Amorphomyces obliqueseptatus Thaxter, 1. c.,
Vol. XXXV, p. 431. April, 1900.

Male individual, unknown.

Female individual, straw colored tinged with amber-brown. ‘The perithecium broadly inflated at
the base, becoming gradually narrower distally, the tip broad blunt asymmetrical; the apex somewhat
oblique, the asci and spores in great numbers, fillmg the perithecium and developed from a single ascogenic
cell. Spores obliquely septate, 40 X 7 4. Perithecium 200 < 55-60 yp.

On the antennz of an undetermined staphylinid perhaps near Myrmedonia, British Museum No.
398, Ega, Amazon River.

This form is undoubtedly a species of Dioicomyces as is indicated by its obliquely septate spores,
and it is evident that practically the whole of the receptacle was broken off when the specimens were
removed from the host. It is needless to say that the species would not have been described had this
been evident at the time of its publication. Although thus based on a perithecium merely, with its stalk-
cell and an adherent fragment of the receptacle, there should be no difficulty in its future recognition.
The host was a very peculiar staphylinid among the Miscellanea in the British Museum, and was nearly
allied to Myrmedonia.

SMERINGOMYCES nov. gen.

Male (?) individual: bristle-like consisting of several superposed cells.

Female (?) indiwidual. Receptacle consisting of three or four superposed cells bearing a single
terminal perithecium, the subbasal cell subtended by a bristle-like appendage, the cells above it also bear-
ing similar appendages. Perithecium appendiculate, its cavity becoming continuous with that of the
stalk-cell.

The type of this genus was provisionally placed in Rhachomyces, but there can be no doubt as to its
distinctness, although it resembles it in possessing a receptacle consisting of superposed cells bearing
bristle-like appendages. ‘There being no other genus in which it can be even provisionally placed, I have
reluctantly made a new one for its reception, although an adequate diagnosis is as yet impossible owing
to a lack of any knowledge as to its antheridial characters. The form is rare and at the same time very
minute, and I have as yet been unable to obtain young material in sufficient quantities to determine what
these antheridial characters are. In all cases where this could be determined, the perithecigerous indi-
vidual has been accompanied by a small bristle-like individual developed from the other member of the
spore pair. This may represent an atrophied condition of an hermaphrodite dividual, or may be a
male. I have in no case seen paired normal individuals, which if they occurred, would indicate that the
spores were not different in a given pair. ‘The small individual resembles very closely the primary bristle-
like appendage of the normal type, but possesses a very small foot. It is so opaque that I have found
it impossible in the material examined to determine whether there is any structure which might be inter-
preted as an antheridium. It is also true that in no normal individual have I seen anything that could
be similarly interpreted; yet in either case, owing to the small size and opacity of the structures involved,
an antheridium might be present and yet be visible only in especially favorable individuals. ‘That it is
probably a unisexual type is indicated by the peculiar characters of its perithecium, the absorption of
the basal cells of the latter, which results in making its cavity continuous with that of the stalk-cell, being a
phenomenon seen only in dicecious genera. For this reason and in the absence of definite information
to the contrary I have placed the genus provisionally in its present connection.

The youngest individual examined consists of four superposed cells terminated by a primary bristle-
like appendage which seems to correspond to the appendage which at maturity occupies a position at the
base of the perithecium. The third cell appears to produce appendages distally, and the fourth to give
rise to the perithecium and the rest of the appendages, but the series of specimens is not complete enough
to determine these matters with exactness. The axis is thus not of secondary origin as in Rhachomyces.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 297

Smeringomyces anomalus noy. comb. Plate XLII, figs. 41-42.
Rhachomyces anomalus Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 25. June, 1902.

Male (?) individual bristle-like, composed of about four superposed cells, nearly opaque, slender,
tapering to the hardly differentiated small pointed foot.

Female (?) individual. Receptacle relatively small, consisting primarily of four superposed cells,
tapering slightly to the relatively large pointed foot. The basal cell relatively large, the third bearing
distally and posteriorly one or two stout bristle-like, simple, rigid, black-brown, hyaline-tipped append-
ages; the fourth cell becoming divided to several smaller cells from which arise, a usually less suffused
primary external appendage, the perithecium, and one or two secondary bristle-like appendages: the
appendages about five in all, relatively large, appressed, together more or less completely surrounding the
base of the perithecium and extending nearly to its tip. Perithecium tinged with purplish brown, or nearly
hyaline, the body relatively long, very slightly inflated, broader distally, tapering slightly to the blunt tip,
from which the apex forms a long pointed, hyaline, lateral or subterminal projection toward a large curved,
horn-like, stout, hyaline outgrowth of the perithecium, which, arising externally just below the tip, extends
upward beyond the apex over which it is slightly recurved (or more rarely curved away from the tip),
ending in a bluntly pomted extremity. Spores 46 X 4 yw. Perithecia 75-90 20-25 yp, the outgrowth
35-45 X 14 py. ‘The longer appendages 75 . Receptacles 35-45 w. Total length to tip of perithecium
110-125 yp.

On Conosoma pubescens Payk., Waverley, Mass.

This species grows appressed on the scattered bristles which cover the body of its host and appears
to be rather rare. ‘Though minute, its form is strikingly peculiar owing to the beak-like apex and horn-
like appendage of its perithecium. It is often associated on the same individual with the more common
Stachomyces Conosome. ‘The host is a small and very active Staphylinid which is found commonly in
rotten wood.

ACOMPSOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 37. June, 1901.

Receptacle two-celled, bearing an antheridial branch terminally and a single perithecium laterally.
Antheridial appendage consisting of a stalk-cell wholly united to the receptacle, or nearly so, and three
superposed cells which form the appendage proper: the terminal cell bearing distally a single spinose an-
theridium, the subterminal cell sterile and the lowest cell bearing distally two or three antheridia. Peri-
thecium furnished with a stalk-cell, five and six wall-cells being present in the rows. Trichogyne
producing clavate branches which bear distally several nearly spherical receptive papillee.

Although the type of this genus is a very simple one, and the species differ within very narrow limits,
it is extremely well marked, and essentially constant. The appendage, except for the sterile subtermi-
nal cell, is very like a simple form of Stigmatomyces, though the antheridia with their characteristic
outcuryed necks are not all produced on the same side of the appendage as in this genus, with which,
however, it seems closely allied. The appearances seen in the original type (A. Corticarie@) of which but
a single specimen was obtained, gave the impression that in this genus, as in Dimorphomyces or Dimer-
omyces, the basal cells of the perithectum became disorganized, so that the cavity of the stalk-cell and
perithecium were confluent. Sufficient material, however, of other forms, shows that this is not the case,
the basal cells being clearly defined at maturity. ‘The species all appear to be rare, at least an examina-
tion of great numbers of hosts has yielded very few infested specimens, and in only two instances have
young individuals been found. ‘Three specimens, however, bear trichogynes (figs. 8 and 12, Plate XLII)
that are unique from the peculiar differentiation of the receptive parts which appear as terminal spheri-
cal vesicles, as shown in the figures. The hosts are the smallest, with the exception of T'richopteryx, on
which Laboulbeniz have been found, and are common in piles of weed or grass ete.

298 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

Acompsomycrs CorticarRt&® Thaxter. Plate XLII, fig. 5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 37. June, 1901.

Receptacle narrow below, distally enlarged, hyaline; the subbasal cell small. Basal cell of the
appendage brown, distally narrowed to the base of the appendage proper, which is brown, and consists
of three symmetrical cells, the upper smaller, bearing a terminal antheridium, the lower bearing several
antheridia somewhat irregularly. Perithecium brown, rather abruptly distinguished from the short hya-
line stalk; the tip very broad and darker; the lip-cells forming four hyaline-tipped, nearly symmetrical
papillae which terminate four corresponding ridges. Spores about 30 * 2 4. Perithecia 90 * 26 y, the
stalk 15 . Receptacle 25 ». Antheridial appendage, above stalk-cell, and including terminal antheri-
dium, 40 yp.

On elytron of Corticaria sp. Berkeley, California.

This species is well distinguished by its color and form and especially the conformation of the tip
of the perithecium. The unique type was found on a small Corticaria in a lot of small flies collected
by sweeping near Berkeley.

ACOMPSOMYCES BRUNNEOLUS Thaxter.~ Plate XLII, figs. 10-12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 311. July, 1905.

Colorless, the tip of the perithecium and its posterior margin suffused with brown, the suffusion ex-
tending to the base of and including the appendage. Receptacle short, the basal cell hyaline, relatively
large, slightly inflated above, tapering to the small foot; the subbasal cell very small, twice as broad as
long; the basal cell of the appendage deeply suffused with blackish brown, especially externally; relatively
small and short, the rest of the appendage much as in the other species, somewhat narrow and suffused
with brown. Stalk-cell of the perithecium short, slightly longer than broad, the perithecivm relatively
large and stout, nearly straight, the ner margin nearly straight, and suffused with brown, the outer bent
abruptly inward below the tip, which is brown, short, stout, well differentiated, broadly truncate; the lip-
cells rising in a truncate conical apiculus subtended by the four clearly distinguished broad subterminal
wall-cells. Total length to tip of perithecium 125 y. Perithecium 80 20 y, the stalk-cell 12 « 10 yp.
Receptacle 28 X 12 4. Appendage to tip of spine 45 X 10 y, the basal cell 10 » long.

Near the base of the right elytron of Corticarza sp., Kittery Point, Maine.

Several specimens of this pretty species were found on a single host on Cutts Island, but although
diligent search was made no further material has been obtained.

ACOMPSOMYCES PAUPERCULUS Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 13-15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 23. June, 1902.

Hyaline or nearly so. Receptacle short, somewhat bent; the distal cell very small, irregular, sharply
pointed below, externally separated from the basal cell by an oblique septum; the basal cell three or
four times as large, narrow below, expanded above its distal point, forming a right angle, the septum on
one side applied to the base of the stalk-cell of the appendage. The latter subtriangular, its lower half
in contact on the inner side with the two cells of the receptaclé, its upper with the stalk-cell of the peri-
thecium; the rest of the appendage free, relatively large, hardly inflated, its lower cell about as large as
the two upper combined and bearing commonly one, sometimes three, antheridia as in A. Atomarie;
the two cells above it nearly equal or the upper often smaller and bearing its antheridium subterminally,
so that the spinous process of the latter appears to terminate the appendage, the wall distinguishing this
antheridium bemg commonly invisible from its obliquity. Stalk-cell of the perithecium about as large
as that of the appendage and similarly shaped, except that its position is reversed, separated distally
from the basal cells of the perithecium by a very oblique septum: the body of the perithecium short,
stout, bent asymmetrically, and considerably mflated; the inner margin straighter, the short squarish
tip rather abruptly distinguished, the apex subtended by four distinct symmetrical prominences, which
form a crown surrounding the four appressed prolongations of the lip-cells, which appear as a blunt,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 299

conical protuberance within it: all the cells rather thin-walled. Spores 45 * 4 yx. Perithecia 70 *
30-35 yw, the stalk-cell 12-18 x 9. Receptacle 20-30 y. Free appendage 32-36 y. Total length to
tip of perithecium 110 yp.

On elytra, prothorax, and legs of Atomaria sp., Kittery Point, Maine, June.

This species, which has been found but twice, is distinguished by its hunched bent form and pale
straw-color. ‘The venter of the terminal antheridium is usually so small, or so obliquely placed as to be
almost indistinguishable, and the terminal cell of the appendage might readily be taken for it. On a very
minute brown Afomaria at Cutts Island.

Acompsomyces AToMARIa Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 6-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 22. June, 1902.

Colorless or very faintly brownish. Receptacle short, the distal cell squarish; the basal cell twice
as large, narrow below, bulging beneath the base of the antheridial appendage from which it thus appears
to arise terminally. Basal cell of the antheridial appendage rather long and narrow, not distinguished
from the receptacle, to the distal cell of which its lower half is closely applied, while its upper half is in
equally close contact with the stalk-cell of the perithecium; the rest of the appendage free, compact,
slightly inflated, with evenly curved outline, faintly tinged with brown, consisting of three cells: the
lower subtriangular in outline with the largest angle outward, bearing distally three closely appressed
antheridia neither of which arises from its outer side; the cell next above somewhat larger, sterile, sub-
triangular with the largest angle external; the terminal cell smaller, separated by a horizontal septum
from the terminal antheridium, the neck of which is curved inward, the spinous process conspicuous and
external. Stalk-cell of the perithecium well developed, rather slender, about as long as the receptacle,
the basal cells well distinguished: body of the perithecium narrower below, its inner margin nearly straight
with slight constrictions at the septa, the outer bulging distinctly and more or less symmetrically; the tip
distinctly but not abruptly distinguished, short, stout, slightly but rather abruptly expanded below the
flat-conical apex, from the middle of which project abruptly the small short appressed prolongations of
the lip-cells, forming a terminal apiculus. All the cells thick-walled. Spores very slender, 44 * 3 yp.
Perithecia 36-46 X 25-30 yp, the stalk-cell 25-30 X 10 pw. Receptacle 25 yw. Free appendage to tip of
spinous process 36 X 12 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 125-150 yp.

On elytra of Atomaria ephippiata Zimin., Kittery Point, Maine, and Intervale, N. H.

POLYASCOMYCES Thaxter.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 414. April, 1900.

Receptacle consisting of two superposed cells, the upper bearing a perithecium laterally and an ap-
pendage terminally. Appendage consisting of a series of superposed flattened cells, surmounted by a
dome shaped portion which is not persistent. Perithecium with a distinct stalk-cell and well developed
basal cells, the supporting cell and the lower wall-cells forming a funnel-shaped ascigerous area, the asci
arising from very numerous ascigerous cells.

It has not been possible from the material available to determine what the precise nature of the
antheridial appendage is, or even to decide whether the antheridia are compound or simple. The termi-
nal dome-shaped portion of the appendage may have been a compound antheridium, which early becomes
collapsed and disorganized, and I was at first inclined to consider it as such; but it is equally possible
that it may have given rise to simple antheridia, or that these may have been produced from some of the
cells below in a fashion somewhat similar to that seen in Acompsomyces and Acallomyces, to the last of
which it seems otherwise as closely allied as to any of the genera. It has therefore seemed best to place
it among the Laboulbeniacez although, such a disposition must be considered as merely provisional.
The genus is chiefly remarkable for the unusual multiplication of ascogenic cells, which are far more
numerous than in any other. The original position of these cells is probably not that which is shown

300 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

in the accompanying figures; since it seems probable that in the specimens examined the whole mass
has been displaced from a position lower down, nearer the base of the funnel-shaped cavity below. As
far as can be determined by an actual count, there appear to be not less than thirty-two such ascogenic
cells in a single perithecium, and perhaps more in some individuals.

Further knowledge of this very peculiar type is much to be desired, and it is to be hoped that English
observers may be able to obtain material of young individuals which will make it possible to determine
the nature of the antheridium. The host of the unique species is a staphylinid allied to Tachinus and
appears to be rare in collections, although it is well represented in that of Dr. Sharp, in which, however,
much to my regret, | was unable to discover any individuals that were infested.

Potyascomyces TRicHopHy® Thaxter. Plate XXXVII, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 415. April, 1900.

Pale dirty brownish. Perithecium broadest in the ascigerous zone, tapering thence to the distinctly
differentiated neck-like tip, the subterminal wall-cells enlarged distally, externally and laterally, the re-
sultant rounded protuberances forming a ridge about the tip just above its middle, the distal portion,
formed by the lip-cells, of which that on the right is slightly longer than the rest, broad blunt brownish,
the other three somewhat shorter terminating in narrow blunt extremities which lie on three sides of the
first. The stalk-cell similar to and lymg beside the subbasal cell of the receptacle to which it is united
throughout, its base being in contact with the distal end of the basal cell, while from its distal end the
large basal cells of the receptacle curve abruptly outward and upward. The appendage consisting of
from three to six flat superposed darker brown cells, constricted at the septa, looking as if they had been
made irregular by crushing, the terminal portion (antheridium?) blunt, slightly longer than broad, with
evidences of lateral apertures. Spores 28 X 2.5 yw. Perithecia 175 & 50-65 wu. Basal cells 40-48
30 w. Stalk 38 uw. Receptacle 70 u. Appendage 48-60 20-24 p.

On the superior surface of the abdomen of Trichophya pilicornis Gyll., British Museum, No. 453,
Farnham, England.

ACALLOMYCES Thaxter.
Proce. Am Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 23. June, 1902.

Receptacle consisting of two superposed cells, the lower sometimes obsolete or indistinguishable
from the foot, the upper bearing a single perithecium and an antheridial appendage. Appendage clearly
differentiated, simple and without branchlets, consisting of an adnate stalk-cell and five cells super-
posed above it, the two terminal ones each bearing a single antheridium, the terminal antheridium spinose,
the subterminal one adnate to the terminal cell of the appendage.

A very simple generic type closely allied to Acompsomyces and also resembling Stigmatomyces in the
characters of its appendage. ‘The latter appears to be similarly distinguished by the presence of a stalk-
cell, a basal cell and several (four) cells superposed above it. ‘The two antheridia are superposed and
appear to have been separated from the terminal and subterminal cells. Although it is difficult to point
out crucial differences which separate this appendage clearly from that of Stigmatomyces, unless it be
the sterility of the four lower cells, there can be no question of the distinctness of the generic type, which
is in reality nearer that of Acompsomyces. In this, however, the subterminal cell of the appendage is
sterile and the cell below this bears more than a single antheridium. The type bears a very strong re-
semblance to Polyascomyces; but, smce nothing is known as to the true character and disposition of the
antheridial cells in this genus, the relationship remains problematical.

AcaLLoMyces HomaLot# Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 1-4.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXX VIII, p. 24. June, 1902.
Hyaline becoming faintly tinged with straw-yellow. Receptacle very small the lower half becoming
tinged with smoky brown; the basal cell hardly distinguished from the foot, and commonly obliterated
by a thickening of the walls in this region, so that the receptacle appears to be one-celled. Basal cell of

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 301

the antheridium separated from the distal cell of the receptacle by a somewhat oblique septum, and
nearly similar to that of the stalk-cell of the perithecium, to which it is closely adnate on its inner side.
the subbasal cell very small and becoming scarcely distinguishable in mature individuals; the two cells
above it similar, rather distinctly differentiated, the pair forming a slight symmetrical enlargement; the
terminal cell above, larger and longer than these two cells combined, the base of the lower antheridium
extending its whole length; both this and the terminal antheridium above it relatively large, the necks
very long, straight or but slightly bent and somewhat divergent. Stalk-cell of the perithecium somewhat
broader than long, the basal cells small, the perithecium proper relatively large and somewhat inflated
above the base, distally tapering gradually to the tip; the lip-cells forming four corresponding projections,
the anterior larger and broader, the posterior narrow and bluntly pointed, subtended by a more or less
well defined hump; the two lateral usually shorter blunt, slightly divergent, sometimes not clearly differ-
entiated, varying in shape and position. Spores 35 X 3.5 p. Perithecia 75-95 & 25-32 y, the stalk-
cell 10-12 ». Appendage above basal cell to tip of antheridium, 36 . Antheridia 21-25 ». Receptacle
20-25 w. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 125-150 yp.

On the superior surface of the abdomen of a species of Homalota. Intervale, N. H.

This species appears to be very rare, since, although diligent search was made for it, a single infested
specimen of the host, only, was found. The latter occurred in decaying agarics in the Merriman Woods.

STIGMATOMYCES Karsten.

A notable addition is made to this genus since the publication of my Monograph, including nineteen
species, a majority of which are either American forms, or derived from a collection of Diptera made
by Dr. Dahl in New Pommerania near New Guinea. All of the species, with a single exception, grow
upon flies, and it is quite certain that those which have been described represent but a small fraction of
the forms which actually exist. ‘The genus is in some respects a very difficult one to treat systematically,
the type-structure being very simple, and the species sometimes varying very greatly; as in the case of
S. purpureus, which, although in its typical condition it is one of the most striking and clearly defined
forms, both from its peculiar violet-blue or purple color and the nodulose ridges of its perithecium, varies
to smaller and simpler conditions in which these characters are almost wholly lost.

The antheridial appendage in this, as well as in so many other genera, furnishes the most reliable

a very well marked and individual type of structure. It consists of a stalk-cell more or less well developed
and always partly or usually wholly united to the receptacle, that is succeeded by a basal cell which is
usually, although not invariably, peculiarly modified in color and in structure. The characteristic cup-
like thickening of the inner layers of the wall of this cell, above the basal septum, which is so strikingly
developed in Arthrorhynchus Cyclopodie, is often prominent, as in fig. 22, Plate XLVII, is perhaps con-
nected with the mechanism by which the whole appendage undergoes a quarter or a half turn; so that
the antheridia, which were originally directed toward the trichogyne, become turned away from the
mature perithecium. This basal cell, which may or may not itself bear antheridia, as is shown in figs.
18 and 36, Plate XLVI, is succeeded above by a series of superposed cells which form the main axis of
the appendage and vary in number in the different species.

The simplest type of appendage is that illustrated by S. purpureus, Plate XLVI, fig. 36, in which the
basal cell is not only unmodified but sterile, the axis above it consisting of but three superposed cells, each
bearing a single antheridium; the series end’ng in a fourth terminal cell which is converted directly into
a spinose antheridium. ‘The spine, which persists in a similar fashion in various other genera, notably
in Eucantharomyces, being the original subulate termination of the germinating spore, it is evident that
the cell which bears it is a primarily terminal structure and not one which has resulted from secondary
proliferation. In this connection, however, it should be mentioned that the spine is not always attached

302 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

to a terminal cell and the different species may be in general divided in two groups, one in which the
spinose cell is terminal at maturity as in figs. 1, 7, 36, 41 etc., Plate XLVI; and a second class in which,
through a process of secondary proliferation more or less pronounced, the spinose cell becomes inter-
calary, and the number of cells forming the axis of the appendage correspondingly increased in number,
as in fig. 29. In this class also two types may be distinguished namely that in which all the cells of the
axis, at least above the basal cell, bear fertile antheridia, whether they be primary or secondary, as in the
figure last cited, and those in which the accessory cells of the axis are partly or wholly sterile, producing
no antheridia or only sterile ones, as in figs. 7 and 13, Plate XLVII.

In regard to the development, arrangement and number of the antheridia on the appendage, there is
a good deal of variation in different cases, but these characters appear to be more or less definitely fixed
in individual species, so that the appendage characters are often the only reliable ones. The simplest
type of arrangement is that seen in S. purpureus previously cited, in which each cell of the axis having
cut off a single antheridium, the latter form a series of members superposed in a single row. ‘This type,
however, is rarely met with, and in the great majority of cases a more or less complete double row is
formed. ‘This condition usually results from the fact that from some or all of the cells which compose
the primary axis, a second cell is cut off which corresponds to the single antheridium of the simpler type
and like it is morphologically a lateral branch. ‘This branch then divides in two superposed cells, the
terminal one being converted directly to an antheridium. The basal cell in turn may then grow out
sidewise and form a second antheridium on which the first appears to be superposed, or may itself become
divided to an upper and lower cell each of which is transformed to an antheridium, as appears to be the
case in S. Elachiptere. 'The antheridia formed in this manner becoming somewhat divergent as they
mature, thus come to be more or less regularly biseriate and alternate. These antheridial sympodia
from the main appendage correspond in all respects to the corresponding structures of Rhadinomyces,
in which the antheridia arise successively in a similar fashion (Monograph, Plate LX, fig. 23), although
they are quite free and usually more than two are superposed.

In describing the species it has been found convenient to distinguish three regions in the perithecium
although they are not well marked in all cases. These are the venter, the more or less swollen ascigerous
basal part, the neck often abruptly distinguished and elongate above it and lastly the t¢p which is com-
monly distinguished from the neck by a more or less well defined elevation. A typical instance of this
separation into three regions is seen in the perithecium of figs. 12 and 16, Plate XLIX. In several species
the venter is marked by granulations or transverse lines as in the figures last cited, but this is often indis-
tinct without a high magnification. The hosts of the members of this genus are mostly small flies many
of which, as their names suggest, live near water or in moist places, while others may be swept with a
net from various flowers or over grass ete., in somewhat dryer situations. It will be remembered that
S. virescens occurs on a widely different host, Chilocorus, one of the “lady beetles,” and I have one other
species as yet undescribed which occurs in South America on another order of Coleoptera. It may be
mentioned here that, although the species almost all grow on soft bodied hosts, no indication has been seen
of any penetration of the integument such as is suggested by the figures of Peyritsch, and the foot is of the
usual type, though often small.

STIGMATOMYCES PURPUREUS Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 30-36.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 404. March, 1901.

Becoming wholly suffused with purple. Venter of the perithecium inflated toward the base, tapering
distally; the four wall-cells separated by a corresponding number of prominent longitudinal ridges,
rounded in section, which run spirally, making in well-developed individuals a whole half turn about the
venter, and becoming sometimes lobulated through the presence of successive constrictions and enlarge-
ments; neck not abruptly distinguished, except by the abrupt elevations which form the terminations
of the longitudinal ridges of the venter, rather slender, an abrupt posterior subterminal elevation preceded

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 303

by a slight constriction, the tip distally quite hyaline; the apex becoming furcate through the presence
of an anterior (shorter) and a posterior projection. Stalk-cell of the appendage relatively small, but
slightly prominent below the basal cell, which is nearly as long, sterile, and, as a rule, followed by three
cells bearing antheridia singly, the terminal one spiniferous. Receptacle usually straight, the cells nearly
equal or the upper larger. Spores 35 X 3 yp. Perithecitum: venter 80-100 * 45-50 #; neck 80-83 yp.
Appendage 55 4, the stalk-cell 18 . Receptacle 100-120 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 200-325 yp.

Onall parts of Scatella stagnalis Fallen; Berkeley, California; Intervale, New Hampshire; Kittery
Point, Maine, and vicinity of Cambridge, Mass., September.

Fully developed individuals with the typical structure are uncommon, a majority of the numerous
specimens examined having the color dull or paler purplish, the ridges less well defined, without lobula-
tions and with less than a half twist; the neck and apex hardly, if at all, modified. The same host is
infested by an amber-brown form which may prove a mere variety of that above described, being scarcely
distinguishable structurally from the less well-marked individuals of this species, the type form of which is,
from its remarkable color and from the structure of its perithecium, one of the most peculiar members
of the genus. It is most nearly allied to S. Hydrelliw, the appendages in these two species being nearly
identical. L. spiralis also has certain characters in common with it, as for example its ridged perithe-
cium and uniseriate antheridia; but cannot be confused with it. The spinose cell is terminal and becomes
an antheridium. ‘The hosts are small flies with brownish wings abundant in moist places, especially
about mud holes, and may be captured, by sweeping, in great quantities, especially in late August and
September.

Stigmatomyces Hypreniiaz Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 19-24.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 404. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithectum amber-brown, oval, the wall-cells becoming separated by well-defined,
slightly oblique longitudinal broad ridges, which become broader distally where they end abruptly; the
neck pale, well distinguished, its middle third prominently inflated, more so posteriorly, and separated
from the usually abruptly bent tip by a constriction; the apex rounded, one of the (lateral?) lip-cells,
forming a slender, bluntly pointed, well-defined free projection. Stalk-cell of the appendage sub-triangu-
lar, somewhat prominent below the basal cell, which nearly equals it in length and is sterile; the fertile
cells above it nearly equal, bearing rather large, single, antheridia, with stout, straight necks, the series
ending in a terminal spiniferous antheridium. Receptacle hyaline, the two cells nearly equal in length,
the lower tapering below, the upper broader inflated, its diameter greater than the base of the perithe-
cium and stallk-cell combined, so that the latter region appears to be constricted. Spores 28 x 2 yp.
Perithecium: venter 50-55 X 33-40 p; neck 40-43 ». Appendage 50 y, the stalk-cell 18 uw. Receptacle
55-65 X 20-22 w. Total length to tip of perithecium 150-185 p.

Occurring in scattered groups on the superior surface of the abdomen, sometimes on the legs, of
Hydrellia sp. Kittery Point, Maine.

This species is closely allied to S. purpwreus, the appendages being identical in the two species.
The conformation of the perithecium appears to separate it, however, very distinctly. It seems to be rare
in the type locality and has not been seen elsewhere. The host may be captured by sweeping in moist
places about ponds.

STIGMATOMYCES SPIRALIS Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 25-29.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 405. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithecium relatively long and slender, flask-shaped, or more often but slightly if at
all inflated, the granular wall-cells distinguished by a corresponding number of abrupt, narrow, longi-
tudinal prominent ridges, which become minutely roughened, and are spirally twisted so as to describe
a full half turn; the neck concolorous, distinguished by the abruptly elevated and abruptly broadened
terminations of the longitudinal ridges of the venter, as long as or slightly shorter than the venter, slightly

304 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

curved or sometimes straight, nearly cylindrical or slightly tapering; the tip slightly but abruptly narrower,
relatively short, somewhat asymmetrical; the apex nearly symmetrical, four papille being arranged
about a somewhat more prominent central projection. Appendage rather short and stout, distinctly
broadened in the middle, the stalk-cell, stout, the basal cell half as large, or less, and fertile; the series
of six to eight fertile cells above it surmounted by a single usually sterile antheridium, and distinguished
by slight successive constrictions, broad and much flattened, each bearing a single antheridium, the fifth
furnished with a very sharp spine; the antheridia forming a usually lateral series, their necks becoming
strongly curved. Receptacle elongate, slender, becoming brownish or yellowish, the upper cell often more
than twice as long as the basal. Spores 25 X 2.5 ». Perithecium: venter 90-165 X 35-47 pw; neck
90-160 < 17 p (the tip 25-30 »). Appendage 40-50 p, the stalk-cell 15 ». Receptacle 100-250 15 »,
Total length to tip of perithecium 350-600 1 (average 500-550 1).

On Hydrina sp., Kittery Point, Maine. Usually on the upper surface of the thorax, less often on the
legs and elsewhere.

This well marked species was obtained on a small fly collected by sweeping the flowers of Yarrow
(Achillea) on Cutts Island in late August. It is conspicuous from its large size and dark brown perithe-
cium, and may readily be seen with the naked eye when growing in its usual position on the thorax. It
is distinguished by the clean cut wing-like ridges which run spirally between the wall-cells and end abruptly
in an enlargement at the base of the neck. In this respect it resembles S. purpureus, in which the ridges
are, however, nodulose when well developed, as well as in the uniseriate arrangement of its antheridia;
but is in other respects quite different. The spiniferous cell is not converted into an antheridium, but is
subterminal; the appendage being proliferous beyond it.

STIGMATOMYCES VENEZUELZ Thaxter. Plate XLIX, figs. 20-21.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 314. July, 1905.

Perithecium slender, curved throughout, the venter pale amber-brown, hyaline externally, not dis-
tinguished from the neck on the inner side; the outer wall-cells bulging more or less conspicuously; the
neck tapering slightly, the tip blunt, and unmodified; the basal and stalk-cells hyaline, distinguished
from the venter by an abrupt external constriction. Cells of the receptacle hyaline, subequal, the basal
bulging distally, below the subbasal, to which it is thus asymmetrically adjusted. Stalk-cell of the append-
age tinged with amber-brown, more than twice as long as broad, abruptly distinguished from the lower
part of the basal cell, which is small and brown: the appendage proper small, hyaline, withering at matur-
ity, except the lower part of the basal cell; consisting apparently of about three cells producing about
four nearly free antheridia. Perithecia 95 X 30 p. Receptacle 90 X 14 4. Appendage 45 w, exclusive
of stalk-cell, which is 22 long.

Growing at tip of abdomen of Limosina sp., Island of Margarita, Venezuela; Dr. A. F. Blakeslee.

Although not striking in its appearance, this species seems well distinguished from all other forms of
Stigmatomyces, owing to the peculiar relation between the basal and subbasal cells of the receptacle, as
well as by the form of its perithecium. Eight mature individuals have been examined, which show little
variation; but in none of them is the antheridial appendage sufficiently well preserved to admit of its
being figured in detail, the whole functional portion apparently becoming shriveled and the antheridia
ceasing to function at an early stage in the maturity of the individual. In one example it seems as if the
lower antheridia, only, had been functional, and the upper were replaced by sterile rounded cells.

StigMATomyces Driopsis Thaxter. Plate XLIX, figs. 8-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 399. March, 1901.

Colorless or slightly yellowish. Venter of the perithecium long-oval or elliptical, pale reddish amber,
rather abruptly distinguished from the paler neck, which tapers but slightly, except at its base, is straight
or slightly bent, and traversed by four broad longitudinal ridges which are corrugated by_about six succes-
sive elevations and depressions; a seventh distal elevation, larger and more prominent, than the rest, is

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/E. 305

present just below the tip, which is abruptly narrower and slightly curved; the apex asymmetrical, the
posterior lip-cells forming a tripapillate prominence, the middle papilla larger and more prominent; the
anterior lip-cells forming two small lateral papillee placed side by side in such a position that the apex
appears to be laterally notched. Appendage erect or somewhat divergent, straight or slightly curved
backward, the stalk-cell more than twice as long as broad, and more than half united to the subtriangular
stalk-cell of the perithecium, distally constricted at its junction with the well differentiated squarish amber-
brown sterile basal cell of the appendage proper; the eight fertile cells above bearing two antheridia each
in addition to a terminal pair, the outer of which is spinose at its base, the series of antheridia external in
the mature types. Spores about 40-45 x 5. Perithecium: venter 80-87 & 50 »; neck 72-82 & 18 ps.
Appendage proper 70-75 yp, stalk-cell 25-30 . Receptacle 75 p. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
270-290 p.

On Diopsis sp., Berlin Museum, No. 860; Bismarkburg, Togo, West Africa. On the upper sur-
face of the abdomen near the tip.

This species is easily distinguished by the corrugated neck of its perithecium which is unlike that of
any known form. It is the fourth species of the family now known to inhabit these curious stalked-eyed
Diptera. ‘The appendage is relatively large with very numerous antheridia, the multiplication of its cells
not being due to proliferation since the spiniferous cell is terminal and appears to bear two antheridia

(fig. 10).

STIGMATOMYCES GRACILIS Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 15-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 403. March, 1901.

Form long and slender. Venter of the perithecium amber-brown, relatively large above its narrow
base, more or less inflated, often more distinctly distally; the neck usually straight, sometimes curved,
nearly hyaline as a rule, and abruptly distinguished; the tip abruptly but slightly narrower above a promi-
nent and usually symmetrical inflation; the median posterior projection of the lip-cells erect, larger,
and slightly more prominent than the two lateral ones, which diverge slightly and are nearly symmetri-
cal with the two anterior ones. Stalk-cell of the appendage slightly prominent distally below the dark
amber-brown basal cell, which may be more than half as large, bearing one or two antheridia; the remain-
ing cells four in number, relatively large, except the fourth, which bears a large, curved, conspicuous spine
below the base of the terminal antheridium; the antheridia in pairs, lateral or obliquely external, the
necks short, becoming pointed and slightly divergent. Receptacle usually shorter than the perithecium,
slender, straight or curved, hyaline; the two lower cells about equal, or the upper larger and distally
often broader than the combined diameters of the cells above it. Spores 45 X 3.5 yu. Perithecium:
venter 85-90 * 30-40 y; neck 100-110 X 16 yp (the enlargement X 20 »). Appendage 70-75 y, stalk-
cell 18-25 ». Receptacle 90-125 X 18-20 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 250-360 yp.

Near the tips of the posterior legs on the same host with S. dubius. Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin
Museum, No. 1298.

This species appears to be most nearly allied to S. Sarcophage, from which it is separated by its
general form, and by the structure of its appendage, which is not proliferous; the terminal antheridium
being subtended by an unusually large stout thorn-like spine.

STIGMATOMYCES ScapTroMyz® Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 37-41.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 400. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithecium becoming reddish amber-brown, nearly isodiametric, becoming distally
enlarged; the nearly hyaline neck very abruptly distinguished, slender, straight, or curved, its lower
third sometimes narrower; the tip hardly or not at all differentiated; the apex asymmetrical, the anterior
lip-cells forming two lateral papillate slightly divergent protrusions, the posterior lip-cells forming two
similar protuberances above them, between which a slight projection may or may not be present. Stalk-
cell of the appendage elongate, very abruptly broader than the very small deep brown squarish infertile

306 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

basal cell; the fertile cells usually five in number, the antheridia with short curved divergent necks and
produced in pairs, except the terminal one, which is conspicuously spiniferous, the whole series usually
obliquely external. Receptacle hyaline, the basal cell mostly larger, longer, tapering below. Spores
about 36 X 3.5 uw. Perithecium: venter 90-100 < 36-44 »; neck 108 « 10-15 ». Appendage 47-55 p,
the stalk-cell 25-30 ». Receptacle 65-100 . Total length to tip of perithecium 300-325 py.

On the abdomen and legs of Scaptomyza graminum Fallen. Kittery Point, Maine; vicinity of Cam-
bridge, Mass.; Berkeley, California. On Scaptomyza sp.?, Caracas, Venezuela. (Blakeslee).

A very characteristic and common species usually growing in tufts on the upper or lower surface of
the abdomen, the specimens from the three somewhat remote regions above indicated not showing any
noteworthy regional variations. It is distinguished by its compact tapering appendage, with biseriate
antheridia, and the unusually abrupt distinction between the rather slender neck and the distally often
very considerably broadened venter of the perithecium. The host is common in New England during
the late summer and autumn and may be readily captured by sweeping over flowers like mignonette or
clematis or in grassy meadows. ‘The South American specimens do not appear to be essentially different,
although somewhat more long and slender, the distal portion of the venter rather abruptly swollen and
slightly granular. The spiniferous cell in this species is terminal and becomes an antheridium, fig. 41.

STIGMATOMYCES PAUPERCULUS Thaxter. Plate XLIX, figs. 18-19.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 313. July, 1905.

Short and stout, dark amber-brown, except the hyaline receptacle, and the antheridial portion of
the appendage. Venter of perithecium short, stout, inflated; more or less distinctly granular, abruptly
distinguished from the neck, which is slightly inflated above the middle, distally curved, and slightly
tapering; the apex somewhat asymmetrical and blunt, the lip-cells forming inconspicuous papillae. Re-
ceptacle hyaline, rather short, the cells subequal, abruptly distinguished from the parts above. Stalk-
cell of the appendage short and prominent, separated from the darker basal cell by an abrupt constriction ;
the rest of the appendage very broad, short, hyaline, curved inward; consisting of three superposed cells
and the terminal antheridium, the total number of antheridia eight (possibly nine), scarcely more than
their small necks free. Total length to tip of perithecium 165-175 . Venter of perithecium 40-45 x
35-38 yz, the neck 50 X 16. Appendage, (including basal cell 16-20 ), 58-65 K 15. Spores 32 X 3 pu.

On legs of a small dark fly with white inferior abdomen, Ralum, New Pomerania; Berlin Museum,
No. 1291.

Although based on only three specimens this species seems sufficiently well marked, by its broad
fan-like antheridial appendage, to warrant separation from other known forms. It should be remembered,
however, that abundant material may show a greater development in luxuriant specimens, both of the
receptacle and perithecium. The terminal antheridium is spiniferous.

STIGMATOMYCES MICRANDRUS Thaxter. Plate XLVII, figs. 19-24.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI,.p. 312. July, 1905.

Venter of the perithecium, together with its basal cells and the stalk-cells of the appendage, dark
amber-brown, symmetrically oval, or typically subconical; at maturity roughened by numerous trans-
verse, not very prominent, ridges; the neck usually longer than the venter, slender, nearly cylindrical
above its slightly spreading base, and usually more or less distinctly curved; the tip slightly narrower,
and subtended by slight elevations, distally asymmetrical, somewhat oblique, the lip-cells prominent,
somewhat pointed and divergent, subtending a pointed prominent apex. Basal cells of the perithecium
small, subequal, and characteristically prominent. Receptacle typically rather short and stout, the two
cells subequal, or the subbasal cell more or less elongate, finally more or less distinctly marked by trans-
verse striations. Stalk-cell of the appendage rather short, more or less prominent: the basal cell abruptly
narrower, squarish, brown, the rest of the appendage short and stout, hyaline, consisting of two super-
posed cells, the lower bearing three antheridia, the upper two, which are surmounted by the single terminal

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®. 307

spinose antheridium. Spores 45 * 4 w. Perithecium, venter 72-80 « 50-60 p, the neck 140-150 *
16-18 ». Appendage above stalk-cell 35-40 4; the stalk-cell 20 #7. Receptacle 90-110 « 30». Total
length to tip of perithecium 275-325 p.

On the superior surface of the abdomen of a small blackish fly, Ralum, New Pomerania; Berlin
Museum, No. 1284.

Although in its typical form (fig. 20) this species seems very unlike the typical S. rugosus, more slender
and elongate specimens occur which have made me hesitate to separate them specifically. The characters,
of the antheridium, however, seem constantly different as indicated in the accompanying figures; and
while that of S. rugosus possesses five superposed cells above the basal cell (fig. 27), bearing in all twelve
antheridia, the present species has but two bearing six antheridia, and in one or two small specimens
there seem to be even less. ‘The spinose cell is terminal and becomes an antheridium.

STIGMATOMYCES RUGOSUS Thaxter. Plate XLVII, figs. 25-28.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 398. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithecium dark amber-brown, roughened by about ten transverse more or less irregu-
lar and sometimes anastomosing darker ridges formed by irregular wart-like’clevations; evenly oval or
elliptical, and abruptly distinguished from the rather stout neck, which is usually bent outward and about
equal to it in length or somewhat shorter, distally distinctly enlarged, especially posteriorly; the tip be-
yond this enlargement abruptly somewhat narrower, distally asymmetrical, the two posterior lip-cells
forming two corresponding projections, rounded or bluntly pointed and more prominent than the bilobed
papilla formed below them by the anterior lip-cells the four subtending a slightly prominent apex. Stalk-
cell of the appendage small, subtriangular, amber-brown, abruptly prominent below the relatively large
dark brown basal cell, which, though narrower, nearly equals it in size, may or may not bear antheridia,
and has a well-marked annular thickening on the inner side of its wall at the base; the fertile cells above
it, four or five in number, bearing the rather large antheridia in pairs; the series becoming obliquely
lateral or external, the free necks strongly curved outward. The cells of the receptacle nearly equal,
or the upper larger; the basal cell tapering to the foot and distally slightly broader than the subbasal cell.
Spores about 40 x 4 4. Perithecium: venter 72 x 45 #; neck 62-72 X 15-18 ». Appendage proper
60-70 yp, stalk-cell 18 4. Receptacle 90-100 X 20 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 250-290 yp.

On the legs, thorax, and abdomen of a minute fly. Berlin Museum, No. 1296. Ralum, New
Pomerania.

A form (fig. 28) which I am unable to separate satisfactorily from this species, was obtained from a
small fly sent me by Dr. Piper from Puyallup, Washington; and I have found a similar one at Kittery
Point, Me. ‘The material is not very abundant but the species seems too near S. rugosus for specific
separation. The type from Ralum, figs. 25-26, is very nearly allied to S. micrandrus; but differs in the
several points referred to under that species. The spinose cell is intercalary, being the fourth above
the basal cell of the appendage.

STIGMATOMYCES CONSTRICTUS Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 1-4.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 401. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithecium dark amber-brown, subrectangular, or more or less inflated; the short
stout neck about equal to it in length, very abruptly distinguished beyond the four rounded elevations
which mark the distal ends of the brown wall-cells of the venter, subconical, with a considerable sub-
median enlargement often more prominent posteriorly; the tip often tapering to the five-papillate apex,
the middle posterior papilla blunt and more prominent, the other four nearly symmetrical. Stalk-cell of
the appendage often suboblong and externally prominent throughout its length, or only distally; the basal
cell narrower and longer, separated from it by a rather deep constriction and bearing three antheridia
distally: while above it the single remaining fertile cell is very small, bearing two antheridia and followed
directly by the spinose terminal antheridium; all the antheridia relatively large and almost free. Recep-

308 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

tacle hyaline, its basal cell more or less elongate, tapering to a narrow base, a rectangular distal thicker-
walled portion separated by a thin incomplete septum; the subbasal cell much shorter, more or less
abruptly and prominently inflated at its base, sometimes slightly also at its distal end, and having a more
or less well defined median constriction, below which the inflated base may be separated by a thin partial
septum. Perithecium: venter 54 < 30-40 pw; neck 44-55 & 18 ». Appendage 43-50 p, the stalk-cell
18 p. Receptacle 70-90 X 22 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 200-300 (those on the tips of the
legs much smaller, 180-200 y).

On the legs and abdomen of a small fly. Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 1294.

Closely allied to S. Elachiptere and perhaps only a regional variety. he differences in the append-
age and in the subbasal cell of the receptacle appear, however, to be constant. The appendage in the
present form is unique in possessing but two fertile cells, the lower of which bears three antheridia, the
upper two in addition to the terminal one. There are thus six antheridia in all, while in L. Elachiptere
there are eight, borne on three superposed cells. The spiniferous cell in this species is terminal and
becomes an antheridium.

STIGMATOMYCES ELACHIPTER# Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 5-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 323. July, 1905.

Receptacle hyaline, the basal and subbasal cells of nearly equal length, the former more or less dis-
tinctly inflated distally in the region of a partial septum, above which it may be somewhat faintly marked
by transverse lines; the lower portion having its walls thickened from above downward in a characteris-
tically laminate fashion. Stalk-cell of the appendage abruptly distinguished from its much narrower basal
cell, which becomes considerably broader distally, a rather large cell being separated from it terminally,
bearing three antheridia: above it the appendage consists of two cells, the upper very small, bearing in all
normally five antheridia, including the spinose terminal one. Venter of the perithecium pale amber-
brown; the wall-cells bulging conspicuously throughout their length, and rather abruptly distinguished
above the neck, usually stout and somewhat shorter than the venter; the tip asymmetrical, and slightly
oblique, with projecting bluntly pointed apex. Perithecium, venter 55-65 x 30 p, neck 50 16-20 yp.
Appendage 80-90 y, the stalk-cell 15-20 ». Receptacle about 65 x 18 w. Spores 40 X 3.5 p.

On Elachiptera longula Loew., Intervale, New Hampshire.

I have had much hesitation in separating this species from S. constrictus to which it is too closely
allied. In addition to minor points of difference the subbasal cell is rather inflated than constricted and
the antheridial appendage differs constantly as indicated in the accompanying figures, in having three
cells above the basal cell bearing eight antheridia, the terminal one spinose. ‘The material of this form
is abundant and well developed, and was obtained on the legs of its characteristic host, a small fly captured
by sweeping over golden rod. The singular layering of the subbasal cell, its partial separation by an inner
ridge opposite the nucleus and the transverse furrows of its upper half (fig. 9) are phenomena evidently
similar to those seen in S. constrictus, and may possibly be connected with a secondary elongation of
the basal cell.

STIGMATOMYCES PROBOSCIDEUS Thaxter. Plate XLVI, figs. 11-14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 403. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithecium amber-brown, sometimes more than twice as long as broad, usually but
slightly inflated, often more so distally; the neck lighter brown, rather abruptly distinguished, relatively
very stout, elongate, nearly isodiametric, usually curved throughout; the short tip abruptly somewhat
narrower, the apex broad and blunt without well developed elevations. Stalk-cell of the appendage
brown, relatively small and short, slightly prominent distally; the basal cell broader than long, the five
fertile cells above it rather short and stout, the series curved sidewise, the antheridia lateral in pairs.
Spores about 30 X 3 yp. Perithecium: venter 75-95 X 32-36 mw; neck 135-185 X 18-22 ». Appendage
55-72, p, stalk-cell 18 p. Receptacle 110-125 X 29 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 400 p.

On the abdomen of a small fly, Ralum, New Pomerania, Berlin Museum, No. 1288.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®. 309

This species is distinguished by the very long curved nearly isodiametric neck of its perithecium,
which is rather abruptly distinguished from the short broad truncate nearly isodiametric tip. The an-
theridia are not numerous and rather crowded on the appendage, the terminal one spiniferous. Under
a high magnification the venter of the perithecium is seen to be finely transverse-punctate.

Stigmatomyces Baeri (Knoch) Peyritsch. Plate XLIX, figs. 22—24.

Since the adult of this species has not as yet been properly figured, I have given two illustrations in
the accompanying plates for comparison. ‘The terminal antheridium appears to have arisen from the
terminal cell by proliferation, as the latter bears the spine, where its presence has been determined (fig.
22). In older individuals the twist of the wall-cells is even more pronounced than is indicated in fig. 23.
The form of the perithecium is somewhat similar to that of S. dubius, which is, however, quite different
in possessing an eight-celled appendage, and in other respects. I have not yet seen this species in America,
but have no doubt that it occurs here.

STIGMATOMYCES SarcopHaG& Thaxter. Plate XLIX, figs. 14-17.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 325. July, 1905.

Normally long and slender. Color nearly uniform dull amber-brown, except the hyaline receptacle
and the appendage above its basal cell. Venter of perithecium minutely transversely granular-striate,
rather narrow, straight, the wall-cells prominent and slightly spiral; the neck rather abruptly distinguished,
the cells more or less spirally disposed, a rather distinct subterminal enlargement, above which the sub-
conical tip ends in a blunt slightly oblique apex, the paired posterior lip-cells slightly prominent; the
basal cells small, somewhat prominent; the stalk-cell relatively large. ‘The receptacle normally very
elongate, hyaline, nearly isodiametric; the subbasal cell much longer than the basal. ‘The appendage
long, slender, recurved; its stalk-cell about two or three times as long as broad; the basal cell more than
twice as long as broad, the portion above it consisting of five superposed cells, and a terminal antheridium;
the total number of antheridia normally nine. Spores about 35 X 4 yw. Venter of perithecium 75-90
< 35-42 yp, the neck 150 18-22 ». Appendage, to edge of curvature, 110 y, the stalk-cell about 35 y,
the basal cell 18-20 ». Receptacle 200-325 X 30 4. ‘Total length of larger individuals 600 p.

In tufts on the abdomen of Sarcophaga sp., Island of Margarita, Venezuela; Dr. A. F. Blakeslee.

This large and fine species was obtained in great abundance on a black Sarcophaga collected in
large numbers by Dr. Blakeslee by sweeping over a mud hole. I was at first inclined to think it identical
with S. Limnophore which is its nearest ally, but the appendages are constantly different and the general
characters are sufficiently unlike in the two species, to warrant their separation, although they are undoubt-
edly closely allied. ‘The position of the spiniferous cell in the mature appendage has not been observed.

Stiematomyces LimnopHor® Thaxter. Plate XLIX, figs. 11-13.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 400. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithecium relatively small, amber-brown, the wall-cells becoming powdered by a
darker maculation and separated by a corresponding number of well-defined unmodified longitudinal
ridges which run somewhat obliquely and end, not abruptly, at the base of the neck: the latter generally
slender, strongly bent throughout or even recurved, abruptly differentiated, sometimes of less diameter
than the tip, which is distinguished from the rest of the neck by an abrupt enlargement more prominent
anteriorly; the apex (in the not wholly mature types) unmodified, blunt, slightly oblique. Stalk-cell of
the appendage rather prominently rounded externally, but not protruding abruptly below the basal cell,
which nearly equals it in length and is slender, slightly larger distally, its base hyaline, its wall, which
is dark amber-brown above, becoming gradually thicker, so that the lumen of the cell is attenuated below,
distally bearing two antheridia; the fertile cells above it, usually seven in number, forming a series out-
wardly recurved, the terminal cell apparently sterile, the two small cells below it bearing each a single
antheridium, while the remainder bear two; the antheridia with short, broad, slightly recurved necks.

310 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

Receptacle relatively large, hyaline, the basal cell tapering slightly downward, the subbasal cell slightly
longer and much broader distally. Perithecium: venter 55 & 30 4; neck 75 X 10 4. Appendage about
75-80 p, stalk-cell 28 yu. Receptacle 110 X 25. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 250-275 yp.

On the inferior surface of the abdomen and at the base of the posterior legs of a species of Limno-
phorus. Berkeley, California.

The material on which this species is based was found on two specimens of Limnophorus sent from
Berkeley with a miscellaneous lot of flies collected by sweeping. Although the perithecia are not quite
mature, the characters of the species are sufficiently well defined. S. Sarcophage being the only form
with which it is likely to be confused. The two are most readily distinguished by the appendage which
is shorter, with more antheridia, in the present species. It is evidently somewhat proliferous, but I have
been unable to determine the position of the spiniferous cell.

STIGMATOMYCES HUMILIS Thaxter. Plate XLVII, figs. 29-32.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 401. June, 1901.

Venter of the perithectum amber-brown, slightly inflated throughout and slightly asymmetrical;
the neck rather abruptly distinguished, concolorous, but paler distally, generally shorter than the venter,
stout, tapering to the blunt, hardly differentiated apex; about one third of its length taken up by the tip,
which is distinguished from it by a slight broad constriction; the outer basal cells subequal and irregu-
larly prominent. Appendage relatively rather slender, very long, sometimes extending nearly to the
middle of the neck of the perithecium, the stalk-cell separated by a slight constriction from the basal cell,
which is relatively large, the annular thickening about the base on the inner side of its wall unusually
well developed, amber-brown, bearing two antheridia; the subbasal cell almost as large, bearing two
antheridia, the two successive cells above it smaller and bearmg each a single antheridium; the series
completed by a single terminal antheridium; the antheridial necks rather slender, and tapering, some-
what appressed. Receptacle short, stout, the cells subequal. Spores about 28 X 3 yp. Perithecium:
venter 46-55 32-37 yw; neck 45-47 pp. Appendage 65-75 yw, the stalk-cell 18 w. Receptacle 55 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecitum 175 yp.

On the superior surface near the tip of the abdomen of a muscid somewhat larger than the other
hosts from Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 1287.

This small and somewhat insignificant species is distinguished by its compact habit, the large venter
and short neck of its perithecium, and its relatively large and elongate appendage, which may reach to
the middle of the perithecial neck. Its terminal antheridium is spinose just below the neck.

STIGMATOMYCES DUBIUS Thaxter. Plate XLVII, figs. 14-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 402. March, 1901.

Amber-brown with the exception of the receptacle and the stalk-cell of the perithecium. Venter of
the perithecium slightly inflated, relatively small, not abruptly differentiated from the broad neck, which
gradually enlarges distally below the rather abruptly tapering, slightly bent tip; the middle of the three
posterior projections from the lip-cells larger and longer than the others and bent over so as to overlap
the anterior lip-cells, which are curved abruptly toward it; the two lateral posterior projections prominent
beyond the base of the middle one, rather slender, and slightly curved inward. Stalk-cell of the append-
age distally darker, abruptly prominent below the basal cell, which is small, squarish, and deeper brown;
the rest of the appendage, which is unusually long, apparently proliferous above the spiniferous cell,
extending beyond the venter of the perithecium, is made up of about eight cells, which bear rather long
antheridia in pairs, their necks appressed usually in a lateral series. Receptacle relatively large, hyaline,
the subbasal cell much longer and broader than the basal cell, which tapers but slightly to the small foot.
Spores 30 X 3.5 p. Perithecium: venter 58 X 40 4; neck 110 X 25 yw. Appendage 80-95 p, stalk-cell
25-32 w. Receptacle 145-185 x 25-30 . Total length 350-375 p.

On a fly with monstrously developed anterior legs resembling those of Ochtheria mantis. Ralum,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 311

New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 1281 and 1298. On the head and at the base of the pos-
terior legs.

This species is chiefly peculiar for its long flat appressed appendage, the axis of which consists of
eight or more cells including the basal cell. ‘The spine arises from the base of the eighth cell where its
position has been determined. ‘The neck of the perithecium is relatively stout and has a “bloated”’ look
and is usually not abruptly distinguished from the venter.

StiamMatomMyces Limosina: Thaxter. Plate XLVII, figs. 1-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 406. March, 1901.

Perithecium amber-brown, the venter slightly inflated, the neck not abruptly distinguished, tapering
slightly; the tip usually abruptly narrower, the posterior lip-cells forming an inconspicuous irregular
truncate or rounded bilobed projection somewhat more prominent than a similar projection formed by
the anterior lip-cells; basal cells relatively very large, forming a short, well-defined stalk, hyaline or col-
ored above, often carrying the base of the perithecium beyond the tip of the appendage, and consisting
of an inner cell next the appendage and two superposed outer ones, the lower of which (secondary stalk-
cell) is smaller; the stalk-cell below these wholly united to the stalk-cell of the appendage, rather stout
and short, separated from the cells above it by a horizontal septum, which may be slightly oblique or (as
in the California variety) strongly oblique, in which case the secondary stalk-cell extends downward
beside the stalk-cell so that only the lower third or quarter of the latter is free externally. Stalk-cell of
the appendage relatively large, as long as or often longer than that of the perithecium and about half as
broad, usually bulging externally, its outer margin usually curved symmetrically from its base to the base
of the basal cell; the latter relatively small, deep amber-brown, half as long as broad, pointed distally
between the antheridium which arises from its inner side and the base of the first fertile cell above it,
which, with the other fertile cells, are large and prominent, thick walled, much flattened, and obliquely
superposed, distinguished by rather deep constrictions, seven to ten in all, or rarely more (seven to four-
teen in the Californian form), the original number being increased by the terminal proliferation of the
appendage; the antheridia borne on the inner side of the appendage, their very long but not abruptly
differentiated necks extending obliquely upward, appressed in a double series; the upper antheridia
often infertile, becoming septate and irregularly swollen. Receptacle relatively short, the two cells nearly
equal. Spores 28 X 3 4. Perithecium: venter 50-90 x 40-54 »; neck 90-125 X 15-18 ys; stalk (basal
cells only) 72-100 X 25-35 p. Appendage 60-100 yp, stalk-cell 30-45 pw. Receptacle 70-75 X 22 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecitum 250-360 p. Specimens on legs often much smaller.

On Limosina fontinalis Fallen. Kittery Point, Maine; vicinity of Cambridge, Mass.; on Limosina
sp., Berkeley, California. Usually in a dense tuft on the side or near the tip (inferior) of the abdomen
and near the base of the posterior pair of legs.

The Californian material, figs. 3-4, from two specimens of the host, differs constantly from the
abundant New England material as noted in the description, as well as from the fact that the venter of
the perithecium is longer and less distinctly inflated, while its apex shows no perceptible modification of
the lip-cells. The species is remarkable for the repeated proliferation of its appendage, which makes
the primarily terminal spinose cell intercalary, the distal cells unlike those of any other species, with the
exception of the nearly allied S. Papuanus, being usually sterile. The host is a small fly, beset with
coarse hairs, and captured by sweeping around muddy ponds or over wet places in woods.

STIGMATOMYCES Papuanus Thaxter. Plate XLVII, figs. 8-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 407. March, 1901.

Venter of the perithecium dark amber-brown, relatively small and rather prominently inflated, oval
to elliptical; usually not abruptly distinguished distally from the hyaline or yellowish neck, which in
well-developed specimens is very elongate, tapering very gradually, in others shorter and stouter; the
tip clearly distinguished (abruptly so in the shorter forms), subconical, the posterior lip-cells forming
a narrow, subtruncate, slightly recurved apical projection beyond the two laterally placed, papillate,

ou THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

slightly divergent projections of the anterior lip-cells; the basal cells forming a short, stout stalk, sepa-
rated from the stalk-cell by an oblique septum. Appendage relatively small, resembling that of the S.
Limosine in general form, the fertile cells not more than five or six in number, the upper ones separated
by constrictions which may be obsolete between the lower ones. Receptacle relatively short, the cells
subequal, yellowish. Spores about 20 X 2. Perithecium: venter 50-55 X 40 »; the neck 90-290 x
20 w; the stalk 35-45 X 33-36 ». Appendage, 35-45 yp, the stalk-cell 22-30 x 14-17 yp. Receptacle
55-72 p. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 400-485 . A few specimens on the legs much smaller.

On three small flies of different species allied to Limosina. Ralum, New Pomerania.

This species may prove a regional variety of S. Limosina, the appendage, though much smaller, and
never well developed, being nevertheless of the same peculiar irregularly proliferous type, not seen in any
other species. It differs chiefly in the bulbous venter of its perithecium, which passes distally into the
enormously developed elongate neck and tip.

ARTHRORHYNCHUS Kolenati.

The original name given to this genus in 1857 by Kolenati is here retained in preference to the much
later one applied to it by Peyritsch, who redescribed it as Helminthophana in 1873; since, however absurd
and scientifically worthless the original zoological descriptions of these forms may be, there has never
been the slightest question as to the generic identity of the organisms studied by these two authors. Neither
the descriptions nor the figures given by Kolenati and Diesing are, however, sufficient to render a specific
determination possible, so that the name given by Peyritsch to the European species of the genus, although
undoubtedly a synonym of A. Diesingvi Kol. or of A. Westrumbu Kol., or more probably of both, may
properly be retained.

The three species herewith illustrated are all characterized by the possession of a highly developed
rhizoidal apparatus, which penetrates the soft body-cavity of the host, and arises from a slightly swollen
extension of the basal cell. From this intrusion is produced a mass of copiously branching hyaline fila-
ments, which become interlaced in a mass so dense that the course of individual filaments cannot be
followed in detail. ‘This condition is barely suggested in Plate XLVILI, fig. 2, in which a few of the branches
are approximately indicated.

The genus is undoubtedly very closely related to Stiugmatomyces, differing in the relative development
of the perithecium and receptacle, as well as in its antheridial appendage. ‘The antheridia, although in
A. Cyclopodie they are somewhat unilateral, usually assume a more or less distinctly whorled arrangement
on the cells of the appendage, as is well illustrated by the two other species. The modifications of the
basal and stalk-cells of these appendages in A. Cyclopodie and A. Eucampsipode are very peculiar, and
the curious thickenings which are also well marked in the basal cell of the appendage proper of some
species of Stigmatomyces, are especially noticeable in the first mentioned species. This peculiar structure
is perhaps concerned in the partial rotation of the appendage, by which the antheridia become turned
away from the perithecium at maturity. As in many species of Stagmatomyces the terminal antheridium
is armed with a stout spine.

There appears to be but a single ascogenic cell in all three species which is very conspicuous, and
peculiar from the fact that, as in Moschomyces and a few other genera, it produces the numerous asci
which arise from it in several vertical rows, instead of in two, as is more commonly the condition. ‘This
is clearly shown in fig. 11, in which a posterior view of the ascus-mass is given; figs. 1 and 7 showing
lateral views of similar masses, and their relation to the ascogenic cells.

Dr. P. Speiser, who has made a specialty of the Nycteribide, gives a list, in his note on the geographi-
cal distribution of the genus Helminthophana, of the hosts on which H. Nyctertbie has been observed;
but it is evident that at least the three species enumerated below are included in this enumeration. ‘The
forms on Cyclopodia macrura Speiser are A. Cyclopodie, the specimens examined by Dr. Speiser and by

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 313

myself being the same. Those on Lucampsipoda ITyrtli Kol. belong to A. Lucampsipoda, one of the speci-
mens here referred to being the same examined by myself in the Berlin Museum. ‘The other hosts men-
tioned, which are European and may be assumed to have been infested by A. Nycteribia, at least in some
cases, are as follows: Nycteribia Blasii Kol., from East Prussia, N. vexata Westw., Austria; Penicillidia
conspicua Speiser, Servia and P. Dujourzi (Westw), Banat; but it is not impossible that two species may
have been confused here. ‘The hosts are all wingless parasites of bats and do not appear to be very
commonly infested. I have myself examined the Nycteribide in the British Museum and in the Museums
at Berlin and Florence, as well as such scanty material as has been available in this country, but, with the
exception of the forms referred to seen at Berlin, no parasites were discovered.

Arruroruyncuus Nycreripi (Peyritsch) Thaxter, Plate XLVIII, figs. 7-10.
Thaxter, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 408, March, 1901.

Although the specimens obtained in the Berlin Museum from species of Nycteribia (N. Frauenfeldii
Kol., No. 922 and N. Hermani Leabl., No. 856, both presumably from Europe) do not correspond in
all details with the figures given by Peyritsch, especially as regards the conformation of the perithecium,
it can hardly be doubted that they belong to the present species, the long free stalk-cell of the’ appendage
being a character which is quite peculiar. ‘The tip of the perithecium is four-lobed, the lobes short and
broad, like those of A. Hucampsipode; but are in turn conspicuously three-lobed. Reference has pre-
viously been made under the genus to Dr. Speiser’s notes in regard to hosts of this species.

ARTHRORHYNCHUS CycLopopia Thaxter. Plate XLVIII, figs. 1-6.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 407. March, 1901.

Becoming tinged with brownish yellow except the hyaline stalk-cell of the perithecium. Perithecium
nearly straight and symmetrical, slightly inflated, usually distinctly constricted in the region of its very
small basal cells just above the very Jarge hyaline stalk-cell, which may nearly equal it in length and
diameter and is often somewhat enlarged distally: the venter comprising the lower two-thirds, not clearly
distinguishable from the neck, which tapers slightly and almost symmetrically, the tip fairly well dis-
tinguished above a more or less distinct enlargement, from which it is separated by a slight constriction ;
the apex consisting of a crown of four nearly symmetrical, distinctly tridentate, erect, or very slightly
divergent projections, which are subtended by a corresponding number of slight elevations, the middle
lobe of each projection more prominent than the lateral and like them bluntly rounded. Receptacle
consisting of two small cells, the lower twice as large as the upper, which gives rise distally to the stalk-
cell and bears the free appendage laterally; the foot an unmodified cell which penetrates the host, dividing
below into a very copiously branched system of slender, sinuous, rhizoidal hyphz. Appendage consist-
ing of a dumb-bell-shaped, free stalk-cell, the basal half-rounded or flattened, brownish, somewhat larger
than the distal portion, which is deeper brown, flattened and inflated, connected by a narrow hyaline
isthmus (the lumen of which may become almost obliterated) with the lower half, and mostly broader
than the base of the basal cell of the appendage, which is infertile, subrectangular, or somewhat inflated,
slightly longer than broad, the lower half of the walls becoming conspicuously modified by a progressive
thickening from above downward, the thickened portion deeper brown; the remaining cells of the append-
age three to four in number, brownish, successively smaller from below upward, giving the organ a
characteristically tapering habit; the two lowest of these cells usually relatively shorter, and bearing
each three to four antheridia side by side, distally and externally; those above relatively longer and nar-
_ rower and producing fewer antheridia, the terminal one spiniferous. Antheridia with slender curved
necks. Spores 60-65 X 4.5 yw. Perithecium: venter 325-350 X 70-90 yw; the stalk-cell 220-250 x 75-
80 yw. Appendage, 100-110 yp, the stalk-cell 35-40 X 30-35 yu (the upper half x 28-30 2). Receptacle
55-75 X 45-50 yp.

On the abdomen of Cyclopodia macrura Speiser. New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, No. 854,
(Dr. Dahl).

314 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

Although Dr. Speiser in his note above referred to, appears to consider this form identical with A.
Nycteribie, there can, I think, be no doubt whatever of its specific distinctness, as a comparison of the
accompanying figures will clearly show. ‘The appendage in this species resembles that of Stigmatomyces
more closely from the somewhat unilateral position of the antheridia; which are fewer in number than in
the other species. ‘The host examined was an alcoholic specimen, the Type of Dr. Speiser in the Berlin
Museum, and was one of the many interesting forms brought by Dr. Dahl from New Pommerania, near
New Guinea. The specimens are mostly broken from the host in removal, yet in a few specimens in
which a fragment of the integument adheres, the entering rhizoids are clearly seen forming a dense mass
of tortuous branching filaments, which it is quite impossible to follow in detail. The rhizoidal apparatus
in this species is more extensively developed than in any other form, not excepting that which is repre-
sented in an unbroken condition in the figures of Ceraiomyces Dahli (Plate XLII, fig. 4).

ARTHRORHYNCHUS Evucampsirop® Thaxter. Plate XLVIII, figs. 11-14.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 109. March, 1902.

Hyaline throughout. Perithecium straight or distally slightly curved, tapering gradually from the
middle, or lower, to the broad tip; the apex consisting of a slight median projection surrounded by a
crown consisting of four slightly shorter, broad, blunt, distinctly divergent projections, which show indis-
tinct marks of lobing and are symmetrically placed; the stalk-cell about one half as long as the perithe-
cium or less. The basal cell of the appendage constricted in the middle as in the preceding species, the
lower half irregularly rounded and four or five times as large as the upper half, which is very small, color-
less, and less than half as wide as the cell above it; the fertile cells three in number, the lower bearing
four or (?) five antheridia, the upper three in addition to the terminal one, which is furnished with a short
hyaline basal spine; the necks of the antheridia large, tapering, divergent. Receptacle as in the preced-
ing species. Spores about 45-50 4. Perithecium: venter 250-325 X 65-75 w; the stalk-cell 110-150
< 55 wu. Appendage, 75-90 p, the stalk-cell 35 X 25 (the upper half < 10 y).

On the abdomen of Eucampsipoda Hyrtli Kol., Egypt. Berlin Museum, No. 855. -

As in the case of the preceding species, Dr. Speiser is inclined to consider this form as identical with
A. Nycteribia, but it seems certainly distinct. It is undoubtedly much more closely allied to A. Eucamp-
sipode, from which it differs more especially in the details of its appendage. As may be seen by a com-
parison of figs. 14 and 3, the antheridia of the present form are more numerous and differently disposed,
while the conformation at the base of the appendage is quite different in the two cases, the upper lobe of
the stalk-cell being very small and not continuous with the base of the appendage proper, as in A. Cyclo-
podie. 'Vhe four lobes at the tip of the perithecium are short and more like those in A. Nyeteribia, but are
not three-lobed as in that species.

Ipiomyces Pryritscui Thaxter.

Additional material of this species has been obtained as follows: Hope Collection, No. 223 on Dele-
aster dichrous, England: and from Scotland on the same host in the Sharp collection: British Museum,
No. 393, Europe. On D, adustus, Sharp Collection No. 1093, England. I found the peculiar host flying
in the evening at Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland, in the village street, and one of the specimens bore a few
individuals of this curious form, which seems to be a transitional type between Stigmatomyces and the
group of genera immediately associated with Teratomyces; in which the proliferation and production of
appendiculate cells about the base of the perithecial stalk-cells has become much more marked.

SYMPLECTROMYCES nov. gen.

Receptacle consisting of three to four superposed cells, the distal one irregularly proliferous, the pro-
liferations resulting in the formation of numerous appendiculate cells, or short appendiculate branches,
which surround more or less completely the bases of the perithecia. Appendages fertile or sterile; the
latter simple, cylindrical, sometimes terminated by a beak-like cell: the fertile consisting of numerous

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. SLO

superposed cells all of which, except the two or three basal ones and the terminal one, function as antheri-
dial cells, opening by short necks superposed in a single series.

This genus is made for the reception of a single species formerly placed in Teratomyces, from which
it differs in the character of its appendages, both sterile and fertile; the latter resembling more nearly
those of Corethromyces by reason of the serial arrangement of its intercalary antheridial cells. The two
or three sterile basal cells of this appendage are usually rather definitely distinguished by a slight constric-
tion from the appendiculate cell, and the antheridial cells appear to be formed through successive divi-
sions of a terminal cell which surmounts the series at maturity and is not functional. It is evident that
the genus is closely related to Teratomyces, between which and Corethromyces it seems, on account of the
structure of its antheridial appendages, to form a connecting link. ‘The antheridial appendages also recall
those of Stagmatomyces, but are of a different type, since the successive cells which compose them and are
assumed to be antheridial cells, are absolutely intercalary and do not cut off a basal cell.

Symplectromyces vulgaris nov. comb. Plate L, figs. 14-16.
Teratomyces vulgaris Thaxter, |. ¢., Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 431. April, 1900.

Perithecia one to three in number, usually symmetrical and straight, becoming clear purplish brown,
often considerably inflated below and conical above; the tip blunt or sometimes slightly pointed, the
basal cells variously elongated sometimes nearly as long as the perithecium proper and often longer than
the usually well developed stalk-cell. Receptacle symmetrical, its basal cell nearly hyaline, the cell above
it tinged with reddish brown and somewhat larger, the third cell like the subbasal, squarish and some-
what larger. Appendages nearly hyaline or suffused, never deeply, with reddish brown, comparatively
few in number, rather stout and long in general, curved beak-like cells sometimes borne on short peri-
pheral appendages; all the appendages, or their primary branches, distinguished by a blackish brown
basal septum, some, often many of them distinguished by being closely septate above, the cells thus formed
(the antheridia ?) producing a series of lateral outgrowths projecting obliquely upward and superposed.
Perithecia 140-200 X 45-60 y, their basal cells 40-120 yp, the stalk-cell 35-126 K 25 p. Receptacle to
base of appendages 70-100 ». Appendages (longest) 175 w. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 325-
450 yu.

On Quedius fulgidus Fabr., British Museum, No. 354, Kiel, Germany, Berlin Museum No. 828;
Europe, Sharp Collection No. 1096, Spain; on Q. juliginosus Gray., British Museum, No. 355, Europe;
on Q. truncicolus Fair (= ventralis Arag.), British Museum, No. 435, Great Britain; on Q. cruentus
Oliy., British Museum, No. 422, Europe; on Quedius sp. indet., British Museum, No. 356, Canada; on
Q. julgidus Fabr., Hope Coll., No. 216, Europe; on Philonthus? sp. indet., British Museum, No. 365,
Hungary. Berlin Museum No. 830 on Quedius impressus Panz., Lusitania, No. 829 on Q. occultus,
North America, No. 831 on Quedius sp., Bengal: Sharp Collection on Q. dubius Heer., Albertville,
Grande Chatreuse, near Monte Rosa: LeConte Collection on Quedius peregrinus Gray., Canada.

It is evident from the hosts and localities above enumerated that this species is widely distributed,
although I have never had an opportunity to examine it in a fresh condition and have thus been unable
absolutely to observe any discharge from the antheridia. ‘The appendages appear to be very easily broken
and are not in good condition in a majority of. the specimens examined. A few that are comparatively
young possess short peripheral appendages which, as in Teratomyces, are terminated by the beak-like cell
characteristic of this genus. It is very doubtful if the record on Philonthus is reliable.

TERATOMYCES Thaxter.

Several notable additions are made to this well marked type which is a very constant one, as the
genus is now restricted by the exclusion of Symplectromyces vulgaris. One additional form is known to
exist, which was found on a species of Acylophorus in the British Museum, No. 394, from Tasmania, and

316 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACH@.

is easily distinguished by its slender form and translucent receptacle, the basal cell of which is very small
and conspicuously suffused. ‘The material was however too immature for description.

Of the species previously illustrated T. Actobi has been found in the British Museum on Actobius
cinerascens Gr., from Merton, England, No. 4388: 7. mirificus has also been again observed on a species
of Acylophorus from Lake Eustis, Florida.

TERATOMYCES PHILONTHI Thaxter. Plate XLIX, figs. 4-5.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 432. April, 1900.

Perithecia commonly two, long and slender, a basal middle and distal portion distinguished, corre-
sponding to the basal, middle and the distal wall- and lip-cells, the basal portion slightly inflated, purplish,
the middle distinguished from it by a slight elevation at the septa; the middle nearly hyaline, rather
abruptly narrowed, its margin slightly concave owing to a slight distal enlargement, which, in mature
specimens, distinguishes it rather abruptly from the much shorter narrower subconical mostly symmet-
rically truncate colorless distal portion; the stalk-cell rather short, concealed by the appendages; the
basal cells forming a squarish base. Receptacle relatively small, symmetrical or asymmetrical, the basal
cell translucent brownish, the subbasal cell very small, flattish, wholly involved by the deep nearly opaque
suffusion of the lower half or more of the upper cell, which is nearly hyaline above. Appendages short,
slightly exceeding the base of the perithecium, rather rigid, slightly divergent, for the most part dark
brown; forming a rather dense tuft, many ending in pointed cells, the slender terminations straight or
bent and forming the beak-like cells characteristic of the genus. Spores 36 X 4 yw. Perithecia 140-175
< 25-30 p, the stalk-cell about 35 p. Receptacle about 85 K 35 p. Appendages (longest) about
70 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 250-300 yp.

On Philonthus sp. indet., British Museum, No. 365, Hungary.

A species well distinguished by the successive ridges on the perithecium and short dense appendages.
It appears to be rare as I have met with it only once among the many hundreds of Philonthi examined.
It is possible that the generic determination of the host may not be correct.

Teratomyces ZEALANDICA Thaxter. Plate XLIX, figs. 1-3.

Receptacle with a distinct distal obliquity, opaque with the exception of a hyaline area just above
the foot, the margins straight, the distal portion relatively narrow, the base relatively broad, the suffusion
involving the bases of the appendiculate cells which are relatively numerous and narrow and more or less
suffused with brownish yellow. Appendages sometimes scanty, but slightly divergent, concolorous through-
out, nearly hyaline or pale yellowish; the basal cells of the larger branches relatively slender, the external
branchlets and numerous beak-like cells hardly more deeply colored. Perithecia relatively large, long,
rather slender, slightly inflated throughout, the blunt tip more or less abruptly distinguished; the stalk-
cell very short or almost obsolete, hidden by the appendages; the basal cells relatively small and not
distinguished from the body of the perithecium. Spores about 50 X 2.5-3 yw. Perithecia 150-180 « 20-
28 yp, basal and stalk-cells together about 35 4. Longest appendage 180 pw. Receptacle 75-125 « 15—
18 (base) 22-30 y (distally).

On Quedius insolitus Sharp. Dunedin, New Zealand. Sharp Collection, No. 1099.

This species is well distinguished by its nearly isodiametric receptacle, as well as by its appendages,
which are either wholly hyaline, or evenly and only slightly suffused; while the dark ring which sepa-
rates the stalk-cell of the perithecium from the receptacle (fig. 1) is at least not visible in other species.

TERATOMYCES PETIOLATUS Thaxter. Plate XLIX, fig. 7.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 35. June, 1901.
Receptacle nearly symmetrical, almost wholly black, slender below, expanding rather abruptly dis-
tally; the appendiculate cells relatively large and long, translucent, brownish yellow, subtended by a
slight enlargement. Appendages numerous, spreading, the larger ones consisting of a very large colorless

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 317

or brownish basal cell, which bears a series of branchlets externally and several branches terminally; the
branchlets usually short, and two-celled, the distal cell usually long, beak-like and clear purplish brown,
the lower cell hyaline or light brown and in the lower branchlets usually bearing long-necked antheridia:
the terminal branches with several short branchlets of a similar character. The smaller shorter append-
ages about the bases of the larger ones, mostly dark purplish brown, with many beak-like cells. Peri-
thecia usually several, large, symmetrical, purplish brown; the tip short, rather narrow and abruptly
distinguished; the basal cells relatively very large, forming a portion of the stalk sometimes half as long
as the perithecium proper; the stalk-cell stout and elongate. Perithecia 185-225 « 45-50 p, the basal
cell 100-150 X 10 yp, the stalk-cells 180-300 . Receptacle about 150 . Appendage, longest 175,
longest basal cells 110 y.

On Quedius sp. Greymouth, New Zealand, Sharp Collection, No. 1103.

This species, which is nearly allied to T. insignis, differs in its shorter and abundantly branched
appendages, as well as in the characters of its perithecia, the basal cells of which are very large and not
related as in the last mentioned species.

TreRaTOMYCES INSIGNIS Thaxter. Plate L, figs. 12-13.
Proe. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 36. June, 1901.

Receptacle usually quite opaque, long, slender; the outline unbroken and nearly straight, tapering
evenly to the slightly geniculate base, which is nearly hyaline just above the foot: the margin of the suf-
fused area distally strongly oblique, especially before maturity; the appendiculate cells small, becoming
brownish. ‘The appendages numerous, spreading, the larger ones hyaline or nearly so, consisting of a
large elongate basal cell, which bears two or three small remote antheridial branches externally; and
terminally, as a rule, two large branches placed side by side (one of which may be wanting) sometimes
associated with one or two subterminal smaller branchlets, the basal cells of which are dark contrasting
brown: the terminal branches hyaline with branchlets like those of the basal cell; the branchlets, how-
ever, more numerous, contrasting, brown, simple or branched, many having characteristic beak-like
terminations, while others are blunt tipped, with oblique septa. The smaller peripheral appendages
more or less crowded around the bases of the larger ones, with conspicuous and numerous beak-like termi-
nations. The antheridia with long curved necks. Perithecia usually several, brown, long and slender,
straight, very slightly inflated near the base, with a slight submedian enlargement; tapering throughout
to the short, truncate, well distinguished tip: the basal cells rather small, concolorous; the group narrower
than the stalk-cell and separated from it by a horizontal septum: the stalk-cell very large, usually elongate,
often inflated and thick walled. Spores about 50 X 4 yw. Perithecia including basal cells 240-275 x
40 p, the stalk-cell 150-325 X 25-35 ». Appendages, longest 225 uw. Receptacle 100-185 & 14 (base)
< 55 (distal end). Total length to tip of perithecium largest, 800 yu.

On abdomen of Quedius nov. sp., New Zealand. Sharp Collection, No: 1159.

The accompanying figures represent what appear to be variations of this species, fig. 12 being taken
as the Type, both obtained from the same individual. Although they differ as to the suffusion of the
receptacle, and to some extent as to the appendages, I am inclined to consider them the same, the differ-
ences, being perhaps due partly to difference in age or position of growth.

RHADINOMYCES Thaxter.

I have called attention in my Monograph to the close relation between this genus and Corethromyces,
but though I have been often tempted to unite them, I feel that until the species are more thoroughly
known they are best kept separate. The present genus normally produces one or more secondary peri-
thecia, while this is an exceptional occurrence in Corethromyces, and these secondary perithecia always
arise from the subbasal cell like the primary one. In Corethromyces, on the other hand, when a second-
ary perithecium occurs it is always developed from the basal cell of the appendage; and while this basal

318 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ.

cell is never appendiculate in this genus, it is normally so in Rhadinomyces. There are also certain
differences in the antheridial branchlets which may be significant. Several allied forms are represented
in my South American material which has not yet been studied and it may be hoped that an examination
of these new forms may make a more definite conclusion possible.

Of the species of Rhadinomyces first described, I have found R. pallidus in its typical form in the
British Museum, No. 441 on Lathrobiwm angustatum from Folkestone, England, No. 444; on L. quadra-
tum from Notting Hill, England; and also in the Hope Collection No. 226 on Lathrobium sp. from Eng-
land. A third species, possibly a variety of R. eristatus, has been found on several Lathrobia in America,
and was illustrated in my Monograph, Plate IX, fig. 10, as ‘Var. a.’ The same form, or one closely
allied, was obtained in the British Museum, No. 445, on L. terminatum Gr., from Eltham, and in the
Sharp Collection, No. 1144, on L. brunnezpennis from Thornhill, England. It is necessary, however, to
examine more abundant and better material of this variety before its limits can be determined.

CORETHROMYCES Thaxter.

Two typical species are added to this genus which correspond in all respects to the original type, and
also two peculiar forms on Stilicus which depart distinctly from this type. The relations of their antheri-
dia, however, appear to correspond to the type as may be seen in fig. 9, plate L, and their reference
here appears to be correct.

CorETHROMYCES CryptTosil Thaxter. Plate LI, fig. 3.

This species appears to vary considerably in size, the accompanying figure representing its extreme
development. The individual illustrated was associated on the same host with much smaller ones in
which the appendages form a shorter denser tuft; but in all cases there seem to be three main erect branches
of the appendage which, in connection with other details of structure, serve to distinguish it from the allied
C. Braziliensis. ‘The figure is drawn from material found on specimens of Cryptobiwm kindly sent me
from Kansas by Professor M. A. Barber.

CorEeTHromyces Brazitianus Thaxter. Plate LI, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 432. June, 1901.

Perithecium and receptacle much as in C. Cryptobui, but differing distinctly in the character of its
appendage, the inner main branch of which consists of from four to six cells, the others very short, all
nearly opaque, the branchlets long rigid divergent, curved abruptly outward at the tips. ‘Total length to
tip of perithecium 200-375 4. Spores 28 x 3 yw. Perithecia 90-175 X 28-38 p. Appendages to tip of
branchlets 140-200 ». ‘Two specimens from Colombia, apparently identical, are much larger; total
length 610 4; branches of appendages 540 ; perithecia 450 ps.

On Cryptobium Brazilianum Luc., Paris Museum, No. 173, (Type) Brazil; on C. jasciatum Erichs,
Paris Museum, No. 197, Caracas, Venezuela; on C. Flohri Sharp, British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No.
762, City of Mexico; also from same collection on C. venustum Sharp, No. 758, Oaxaca, Mexico; on
C. sumilipenne Say, No. 761, Mexico. The larger type on Cryptobium sp. indet., British Museum, No.
385, Colombia. On all parts of host.

This species seems clearly distinguished from C. Cryptobii in that its appendage produces only an
inner main branch, the rigid branchlets from which, together with the tuft of short external branches
from the main appendage, are bent outward in a characteristic fashion quite unlike that in C. Cryptobi.
The very large specimens (British Museum No. 385) from Columbia do not appear to differ essentially
from the typical form, and similar variations in size are common in C. Cryptobit.

CoRETHROMYCES PURPURASCENS Thaxter. Plate L, figs. 4-5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 433. April, 1900.

Perithecia dull purple, mostly slender straight or slightly curved, nearly isodiametrice or the outer
margin convex; the base slightly broader, the junction of the basal and subbasal, and of the subbasal and

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZE. 319

subterminal wall-cells indicated by a distinct protrusion in well developed individuals, in which the tip
is thus moderately well distinguished; although in most cases, especially in smaller specimens, the margin
forms an unbroken line from base to apex, the perithecium being sometimes distinctly inflated basally;
the stalk-cell as in C. Cryptobii, hyaline above, becoming opaque brown below. Basal cell of the receptacle
purplish or brownish translucent, the rest opaque indistinguishable from the almost wholly opaque main
body of the appendage, the oblique inner margin of which is followed by a series of hyaline or purplish cells,
three or more in number which give rise to the erect branches; the primary branches sometimes purplish
near the base but producing an erect tuft of branches and branchlets which are quite hyaline, more or
less flexuous and tapering. Perithecia 100-150 X 25 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 175-275 yp.
Longest branches of appendages about 140 yp.

On Cryptobium capitatum, Paris Museum, No. 172, Brazil; on Cryptobium sp. indet., British Museum,
No. 494, Balthazar, Grenada, West Indies.

Although distinguished from the allied C. Cryptobii by no very striking characters, this species can
hardly be confused with it on account of its purplish color and hyaline appendages, which are suffused
only about the base.

CoreTHROMYCES Stiuict Thaxter. Plate L, figs. 6-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 42. June, 1901.

Perithecium amber-colored, with a faint brownish or reddish tinge, somewhat irregular in outline
through a spiral twist in the wall-cells, which are distinguished from one another by slight furrows; slightly
inflated toward the base, tapering to the broad blunt apex; the tip not at all distinguished; the basal and
stalk-cells well developed, hyaline, the latter bent abruptly upward from its insertion. Pasal cell of the
receptacle small, hyaline on the anterior side just above the foot, but otherwise blackish brown or opaque,
bulging posteriorly above the foot; distally and posteriorly proliferous to form a straight, black, blunt
finger-like outgrowth, which lies external to the appendage; the subbasal cell nearly hyaline, subtriangu-
lar, separated from the basal cell by a very oblique septum. Appendage hyaline, consisting of a nearly
free and nearly isodiametric stalk-cell, above which are three or four cells which produce a close tuft of
hyaline branches on the inner side. Spores about 30 X 3 y. Perithecia 80-85 x 22 yp, its stalk-cell
30 X 18 w. Receptacle 25 y, the outgrowth 55 X 7 w. Appendage, including branches, 50 ». ‘Total
length to tip of perithecium 150 p.

On the abdomen of Stilicus sp., Interlaken, Switzerland. On Stilicus rufipes Germ., Berlin Museum,
No. 836. Europe. On S. angularis Lec., Arlington, Mass.

The American specimens of this species appear to be identical with the European material. It is
principally peculiar for the blackened proliferation of the basal cell, which is somewhat variably developed
in different individuals. It is a small form not readily seen as it grows more or less appressed on the
black abdomen of its host, an ant-like staphilinid common in dry brush piles.

CoRETHROMYCES LONGICAULIS Thaxter. Plate L, figs. 10-11.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 21. June, 1902.

Receptacle abnormally developed, very small, the basal and subbasal cells arising almost side by side
immediately above the foot; the basal cell long and narrow, strongly curved so as to become concave
externally, its wall very thick, the cavity becoming almost obliterated; the distal half nearly horizontal,
slightly bulging and becoming wholly deep black-brown, except along its upper (in position) margin
which is transparent yellowish and closely applied to the lower surface of the basal cell of the appendage,
beyond which it hardly projects externally and which thus appears to arise from it; the subbasal cell
larger, nearly hyaline externally, convex, bulging below, with a more or less distinct constriction below
its slightly enlarged upper portion, which. gives rise distally to the broad stalk-cell of the perithecium
and sublaterally to that of the appendage. The appendage much reduced, nearly hyaline, consisting
of three superposed cells; the basal (stalk-cell) squarish or rounded, the lower half or less of its inner mar-

320 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

gin connected with the subbasal cell of the receptacle, its subbasal cell smaller, bearing usually a single
short antheridial branchlet; the upper cell still smaller, often hardly distinguishable, bearmg one or two
short antheridial branchlets and a short sterile terminal branch. Antheridia terminal, one to three in a
series. Stalk-cell of the perithecium relatively very large, often curved, usually as large as all the other
parts of the plant combined, brown, slightly constricted at its insertion, nearly cylindrical, slightly and
gradually broader toward and below the basal cells, which are relatively small and barely separate the
cavity of the perithecium from that of the stalk-cell; body of the perithecium concolorous with the stalk-
cell, slightly inflated, tapering distally almost symmetrically to the blunt tip, which is somewhat asym-
metrical from the slightly greater prominence of one of the lip-cells; the series of wall-cells strongly spiral,
completing as a rule somewhat more than one whole turn. Spores 30 X 3 y. Perithecia 65 X 20 p, the
stalk-cell 90-110 X 12 4. Receptacle 25 ». Appendage 30-40 ». Total length to tip of perithecium,
average 200 pu.

On Stilicus angularis Lee., at the base of the head on the upper side; Arlington, Mass., June.

This species was found in the same locality and on the same hosts that yielded C. Stilici, and Stich-
omyces Stilicolus, and is remarkable for the great reduction of its receptacle and appendage, the hyper-
trophy of its perithecial stalk-cell, and the close spiral twist of its perithecial wall-cells, which is more
marked here than in any other species of the family. The species is most nearly allied to C. Stzlici, but
seems constantly different in the characters above noted.

EUCORETHROMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 433. April, 1900.

Receptacle consisting of two superposed cells, the upper giving rise to the stalked perithecium and the
appendage. Appendage consisting of two superposed cells, the distal one bearing terminally a series of
branches which produce directly free, flask-shaped, sessile antheridial cells borne laterally, singly or in
groups.

The type of this genus resembles Rhadinomyces very closely in general appearance, but differs in
the origin and arrangement of its antheridia which are never intercalary, arising, as is indicated in fig. 6,
Plate LI, quite independently of one another.

EvucoretHromyces Apotomi Thaxter. Plate LI, figs. 4-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 433. April, 1900.

Hyaline becoming tinged, especially the perithecium, with pale amber-brown. Receptacle short,
the subbasal cell usually smaller, its axis coincident with that of the stalk-cell. Perithecium rather slen-
der, inflated toward the base, the distal half slender tapering slightly to the blunt unmodified apex, the
basal cells rather small, nearly equal, the stalk-cell stout and well developed. Appendage divergent
almost at right angles to the axis of the receptacle, its basal cell usually more than twice as large as the
subbasal cell, which bears distally and anteroposteriorly a single, or partly double, row of from four to
six branches, some of them often elongate, slender straight or curved, suffused with dark blackish brown,
hyaline along the inner margin at least toward the base, obliquely septate, the septa dark; the antheridia,
stout, flask shaped, subtended by a dark septum, borne singly and laterally, or several together, on short
branchlets near the base of the branches. Spores 26 X 2 w. Perithecia 100-125 X 25-28 p, 35-38 X
14-18 w. Receptacle 40 X 18 ». Appendage without branches 50 < 16 4. Total length to tip of peri-
thecium 190-207 ». The Celebes material somewhat smaller.

On elytra of Apotomus xanthotelus Bates, British Museum, No. 578, Celebes; on A. rufus Rossi,
British Museum, No. 577, Europe.

Although the East Indian material of this pretty species is somewhat immature, it appears to differ
in no essential respect from the European specimens. The appendage represented in fig. 6 is drawn
from the Celebes material, while figs. 4 and 5 are from A. rufus and are taken as the type forms. ‘The
host is a minute carabid beetle of singular appearance.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 321

STICHOMYCES 'Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 37. June, 1901.

Receptacle consisting of two cells, the upper bearing one or more perithecia laterally, and an antheri-

dial appendage terminally. The appendage consisting of several superposed cells, the lowest normally
sterile, those above it bearing opposite lateral branches distally, the series ending in a terminal sterile

branch. Antheridia simple flask-shaped, free, borne in small groups on short branchlets.

The two species included under this name are so unlike, that the inclusion of S. Stilicolus must be
regarded as only provisional. It is therefore somewhat difficult to define the limits of the genus with
great exactness. In S. Conosome the perithecia are often several in number, budding from the subbasal
cell of the receptacle or from the usually sterile cell above it, which normally forms the base of the append-
age. ‘The main axis thus becomes a series of superposed cells which, except the basal ones, separate by
an oblique septum distally, on one or both sides, perithecia, in the case of the two lower cells, and antheri-
dial branches in the others; the series ending in a long terminal ‘appendage.’ An examination of more
species is needed to indicate the limitations of the genus and its immediate relationships. Among the
other genera it approaches Rhizomyces in the character of its appendage, but the resemblance is other-
wise slight.

SticHomycEs Conosomm Thaxter. Plate LI, Figs. 7-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXX VII, p. 38. June. 1901.

Dull amber-brown. Receptacle and appendage undifferentiated, the basal cell of the former small,
triangular in outline; the subbasal cell about as broad as long, and similar to the cells of the appendage,
bearing distally and laterally a single perithecium, sometimes two, which are then paired on opposite
sides of the cell, like the antheridial branchlets. Appendage consisting of five superposed subequal cells
slightly longer than broad, the basal one sterile, or not infrequently producing one or two perithecia as in
the subbasal cell below it: the three cells above slightly larger, the upper angles separated by oblique
septa to form small cells on either side, which bear short one- or few-celled antheridial branchlets; the
terminal cell somewhat smaller, bearing a simple terminal several-celled branch in addition to the lateral
branchlets, all of which usually appear to be sterile. Antheridia with broad necks grouped in twos or
threes. Perithecium darker brown, more or less symmetrically inflated; the tip hardly modified; the
basal cells collectively broader and nearly as long as the stalk-cell. Spores 35 & 2.5 yp. Perithecia 85
< 25 p, the stalk-cell 36 < 14 4. Total length to tip of the appendage proper 150 y, the terminal branch
150 , the antheridial branchlets about 20 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 185-200 pu.

On Conosoma pubescens Payk. Belmont and Waverley, Mass. First observed by Mr. Bullard.
Kittery Point, Maine.

This species is not uncommon on its active host, sometimes in company with Smeringomyces; but
is usually found in rather poor condition; the terminal portion becoming easily broken, or injured, so
that an abnormal production of branchlets takes place. It occurs on all parts of the host, but especially
on the elytra.

SticHomyces Stixicotus Thaxter. Plate LI, figs. 11-14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVII, p. 24. June, 1902.

Hyaline, becoming tinged with yellowish, the perithecia becoming pale amber-brown. Subbasal cell
of the receptacle about twice as long as the basal cell; the stalk-cell of the perithecium and that of the
appendage symmetrically divergent, or the former lateral in position. The appendage consisting of a
free, relatively long, distally somewhat enlarged basal cell, and two to four much smaller distal cells;
the lower of which give rise from their upper angles to short branches bearing free antheridia, usually in
pairs; the distal cells producing sterile branches which are more or less elongate, hyaline, and sparingly
branched. Stalk-cell of the perithecium very large and stout, inflated or distally enlarged below the
rather inconspicuous basal cells; body of the perithecium relatively small, becoming amber-brown, curved

oe THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

strongly inward, tapering slightly to the blunt unmodified tip. Spores 35 x 3 ys. Perithecia 60-90
18—28 yp, the stalk 90-100 X 20 ». Receptacle 30-40 XK 18 ». Appendages 150-200 yu.

On the thorax, prothorax and adjacent legs of Stilicus angularis Lec., on the right side; Arlington,
Mass., June.

Although very different from the type of Stichomyces this species seems provisionally referable to no
other genus. It has been found only once in company with Corethromyces near the pond in the Arlington
Park, where its host occurred in great abundance concealed in piles of dry melon stems. It may be men-
tioned that what appears to be the same species as well as certain others nearly allied, were found by me
on species of Stzlzcus near Buenos Aires; but these forms have not as yet been carefully examined. In
habit it resembles Rhadinomyces, but differs in having free antheridia. As above mentioned the generic
reference must be regarded as merely provisional.

RHIZOMYCES Thaxter.

The two additional species of this genus herewith illustrated indicate that, although its appendage-
characters are well defined, the presence of a penetrating rhizoid, which occurs in the type and suggested
the generic name, is not of generic value; since in R. ctenophorus the plant is attached by the usual foot.
The same condition is seen in Dimeromyces and in Ceraiomyces, which further illustrate the unimportant
nature of the rhizoidal character. The species thus far observed all occur on the very peculiar flies belong-
ing to the Diopsidee, all of which are characterized by the possession of stalked eyes. It is uncertain, how-
ever, whether all the infested specimens belong to the genus Diopsis, since these insects are largely unde-
termined in the collections examined.

RHIZOMYCES CTENOPHORUS Thaxter.

Further material of this species was found in the Berlin Museum on African species of Diopsis;
No. 852 from Usambara; No. 861 from Zanzibar, and No. 853 from Wangunga. Although the species
varies considerably in the length of its perithecial stalk-cell, and in the development of its appendage
which may be much shorter than in the specimen illustrated in my figure, the characters seem otherwise
quite constant.

Ruizomyces Gipposus Thaxter. Plate LII, figs. 22-23.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 409. March, 1901.

General habit more or less sigmoid. Perithecium amber-brown, concolorous, with its relatively
large basal cells, from which it is hardly distinguished, asymmetrically inflated, bent, and tapering some-
what distally; a subterminal abruptly rounded enlargement, beyond which the short asymmetrical tip
is clearly distinguished, bearing a large two-celled outgrowth posteriorly, the lip-cells being otherwise
unmodified: stalk-cell hyaline, variably, sometimes greatly elongated, separated from the basal cells by
a more or less distinct constriction. Appendage nearly hyaline, except the small deep brown sterile basal
cell, the remaining cells, three to seven in number, bearing short one- to two-celled branches distally and
laterally on which the free flask-shaped antheridia are borne singly or several together. Receptacle
short and stout, the upper cell several times as large as the basal cell, which appears to penetrate the
host directly by means of a rhizoidal apparatus. Spores about 35 X 3 y. Perithecium, cluding basal
cells, 85-108 X 30-36 4; the stalk 60-160 x 18-20 ». Appendage 65-110 y. Total length to tip of
perithecium 180-325 py.

On the upper surface near the tip of the abdomen of a species of Diopsis. Berlin Museum, No.
850. ‘Tanga, Africa.

This species is well distinguished from the allied R. ctenophorus by the peculiar conformation of its
perithecium, and by its comparatively simple appendage. That it possesses penetrating rhizoids is evident
from an examination of the types, but in all cases they were broken in removal.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZS, 323

RizoMyces crispatus Thaxter. Plate LII, figs. 19-21.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 434. April, 1900.

Perithecia brownish, dimorphous either (a) with the inner margin strongly convex, the outer nearly
straight or concave owing to a general outward curvature, tapering to the undifferentiated tip, the apex
broad truncate usually symmetrically bisuleate or (b), the type, straight symmetrical abruptly enlarged
below the narrow abruptly distinguished tip: the basal cells well defined nearly isodiametric, the stalk-
cell large, as long or longer than the perithecium. Receptacle two-celled, the foot typically modified and
blackened, without rhizoids, distally geniculate through a protrusion of the distal cell below the insertion
of the stalk-cell and opposite that of the appendage. Appendage erect, sometimes exceeding the tip of
the perithecium, consisting of a single series of superposed cells, the three or four lower suffused with
smoky brown, the rest subhyaline, each cell except the basal one giving rise directly and externally to a
branch, the insertion in successive cells being somewhat to the right and left of the median line so as to
form two vertical rows, the basal cells of alternate branches being superposed; each branch consisting of a
basal cell externally blackened, which gives rise above to a one-celled short branchlet, bearing usually a
pair of long, slender antheridia, the remainder of the branch curved upward blackish brown except its
upper margin, and giving rise from its lower (external) side to a series of close-set simple branchlets,
black, recurved, more abruptly at the tips which are slightly enlarged and nearly hyaline, the whole sug-
gesting the margin of a curled black feather. Spores 20 X 2.8 yw. Perithecia 65-75 X 27-30 yp, the
stalk-cell 50-85 ». Receptacle 30 ». Appendages 140-175 p.

On Dvopsis sp., Brit. Mus., No. 739, Natal: Berlin Museum No. 850, Tanga; No. 859, Johan Al-
brechtshohl, N. Kamerun; No. 851, Usambara; No. 858, Bismarkberg, Togo. All African.

This species is one of the most striking members of the family from the peculiar ostrich-plume habit
of its appendages. ‘There appear to be two distinct types of form in the perithecia even among individ-
uals occurring together on the same specimen of the host-insect, as is indicated in the accompanying plate.
In the straight form the enlargement below the tip is more or less striking, and specimens occur in which,
as in fig. 20, the enlargement is double. ‘These differences were at first thought to be due to differences
in the point of view, but an examination of sufficient material would seem to show that such is not the
case. Although it is barely possible that these forms may be distinct, there appear to be no other differences.
The penetrating rhizoid which characterizes the other species is absent in the present instance, and is
replaced by the normal foot.

SPHALEROMYCES Thaxter.

This genus proves to be well represented on hosts belonging to the Staphylinide and though of a
single type, the species are often well distinguished, especially by their perithecial characters. In a few
cases it has been difficult to determine whether forms should be referred here or to Corethromyces, the
general characters being superficially similar in the two genera. ‘The seriate antheridia of Corethromyces
serve to distinguish it at once, when the material is sufficiently good to show these structures, although
even in this respect, simple species of the last mentioned genus, like C. Stilici in which the antheridia
may be even solitary or serially grouped in small numbers, are not always easily placed. Owing to the
fact that the appendages are easily broken, the presence of antheridia has been actually observed in but
few instances, and the general structure has of necessity been used in referring many of the species to this
genus.

SPHALEROMYCES LATHROBII Thaxter.

Specimens corresponding in all respects to the type of this species were found in the Hope Collection
on a specimen of Lathrobium quadratum Puyk., labeled ‘‘Puyk Gyll.” Whether this is a locality, and
if so where it is, I am unable to say. The host is a European species,

324 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

SPHALEROMYCES INpicus Thaxter. Plate LII, figs. 17-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 41. June, 1901.

Perithecium relatively very long and large, yellowish, very slightly inflated toward the base, tapering
very gradually to the broad, blunt tip which is subtended by a truncate, conical lateral projection; the
stalk-cell relatively short. Receptacle relatively small, the two cells nearly equal, the upper bearing
the stalk-cell of the perithecium terminally and the basal cell of the appendage laterally; the latter over-
lapping it to its base. Appendage consisting of four superposed cells, the basal (stalk-cell) small, triangu-
lar; the two cells above it larger and longer, bearing short antheridial branches from the upper inner
angles; the terminal cell smaller, subconical, bearing a small terminal branchlet. Spores about 44 x
4. Perithecium 290-340 X 45 p, the stalk-cell 72 4. Receptacle 55 yu. ~The appendage 125 yp.

On the upper surface of the tip of the abdomen of Pinophilus (near “P. rufipennis”). Malabar,
India. Sharp Collection, No. 1151. British Museum, Burmah India, No. 390.

A species most nearly related to S. occidentalis, which occurs on Pinophilus in Utah but is small and
differently shaped, and lacks the characteristic subterminal projection of the perithecium peculiar to the
present species. The material is, for the most part, in bad condition, the branchlets of the antheridial
appendages being mostly broken, but its essential characters are shown with sufficient clearness.

SPHALEROMYCES ATROPURPUREUS Thaxter. Plate LII, figs. 6-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 441. April, 1900.

Perithecium large, purplish, more or less distinctly curved away from the appendages, tapering
below, often broader distally above the middle, tapering thence slightly to the tip, which is usually not
distinctly differentiated; the apex small truncate or slightly papillate; the basal cells large, as long as or
longer than the stalk-cell, dull amber-brown. Basal cell of receptacle large, not greatly elongated, taper-
ing below, the nearly hyaline distal portion, obliquely distinguished from the deeply suffused, partly opaque
portion of the cell below; the subbasal cell subtriangular. Appendage consisting of about five cells de-
creasing in size from below upward, the septa nearly horizontal; those above the basal cell giving rise to a
branch on the inner side, which in the subbasal cell and the cell above it consist of a very large broad
basal cell, from which arise from two to four subhyaline branches which may be once branched, the
branches crossing the stalk and basal cells of the perithecium obliquely, usually on the left side, so that
when the perithecium lies at the left, the appendages lie above them. Spores 35 X 3.5 yw. Perithecia
175-200 * 30-35 yp, the stalk and basal cells together 50-70 X 17-20 p. Receptacle 85-100 X 40 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecium 270-350 ». Appendage without branches 50-75 yp.

On abdomen of Quedius graciliventris Sharp, British Museum, No. 740 (Biologia Coll.), Volcan de
Chiriqui, Panama; on Q. basiventris Sharp, No. 741, from same locality.

This species is distinguished from other forms possessing a blackened basal cell, by the small unmodi-
fied tip of its relatively very large perithecium. It is perhaps most nearly allied to S. Brachyderi, but
lacks the perithecial appendage of this species.

SPHALEROMYCES BracHyDERI Thaxter. Plate LII, figs. 3-5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 442. April, 1900.

Perithecium evenly suffused with brown, paler distally, somewhat inflated at the base, tapering slightly
toward the tip; an external deep brown almost opaque appendage projects subterminally, exceeding the
tip of the perithecium, broad with a nearly median indentation of the inner side, the outer margin slightly,
the upper strongly curved outward, terminating in a short blunt point or slightly inflated portion rather
abruptly distinguished on its inner side; the tip asymmetrical, one of the outer lip-cells extending above
and free from the others, forming a hyaline bluntly pointed termination at the base of which the tips of
the other lip-cells form irregular prominences which may be slight, or obsolete; basal cells concolorous,
stalk-cell short and similar to the basal cells. Basal cell of the receptacle very large, long, attenuated
below and deeply blackened, as in Camptomyces, the distal cell subtriangular concolorous with the stalk-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE, 325

cell. Appendage consisting of four or five rather flattish brown cells, decreasing in size from below up-
ward, their septa directed obliquely outward and downward, each producing a branch from its upper
inner angle, which is simple or one or more times branched, the branchlets subhyaline. Spores about
30 X 3 pw. Perithecia 120-140 & 28-35 yp, its appendage 35 x 12 w. Receptacle 85-100 & 30-35 yp.
Primary appendage about 35 4, with branchlets about 120 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 225-260 yp.

On tip of abdomen of Brachyderus antennatus Sharp, in Dr. Sharp’s Coll., Ega, Amazon, No. 1155.

This species is similar in general to S. atropwrpureus which, however, lacks the perithecial append-
age. It varies considerably in size, but the characters appear otherwise constant.

SPHALEROMYCES CHIRIQUENSIS Thaxter. Plate LI], figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., XX XVII, p. 40. June, 1901.

Almost uniformly translucent dirty amber-brown. Perithecium very large and crowded with spores,
long, with a very slight general inflation, the base narrower, tapering abruptly at the short tip: one of the
lip-cells forming an erect, median, straight, hyaline, cylindrical or slightly inflated, nearly truncate termi-
nal projection, which is subtended by a posterior or partly lateral, somewhat larger, spine-like, slightly
divergent, deep black brown, nearly straight or slightly outcurved pointed outgrowth, its tip nearly on a
level with that of the median projection: the basal cells collectively slightly larger than the short stalk-cell,
and not distinguished from the base of the perithecium. Basal cell of the receptacle very large, tapering
throughout from the broad distal to the narrow basal end, paler than the small, flattened, deeper brown
subbasal cell. ‘The appendage consisting of a relatively large basal stalk-cell, which is slightly longer
than broad, and partly united to the stalk-cell of the perithecium; above are four short successively smaller
cells, their septa slightly oblique, the three lower bearing branches as usual, which may branch once above
their basal cells, the branchlets brown, erect, rigid, closely aggregated; the uppermost cell paler, with a
terminal branch. Spores 50 X 2 . Perithecia 220-250 x 40-48 yp, to tip of median projection, the
subterminal process 25 X 7 yw; the stalk-cell 35 X 25 p. Receptacle 240 < 40 yp, the basal cell 220 p.
Total length to tip of perithecium 500-600 . Appendage without branches, including stalk-cell, 75 yp.

On the tip of the abdomen of Quedius flavicaudus Sharp, Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama. Sharp
Collection, No. 1157.

This large and fine species is allied to S. Brachyderi, but is abundantly distinct as a comparison of
the figures will show, and in the type material shows no variation except in size.

SPHALEROMYCES QuEDIONUCHI Thaxter. Plate LII, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 39. June, 1901.

Perithecium relatively small, translucent, tinged with amber-brown, straight, very slightly almost
symmetrically inflated; the tip hardly distinguished; one of the lip-cells forming a blunt, terminal, irreg-
ularly curved, hyaline, sometimes abruptly distinguished projection, below the base of which arises on
the inner side a tongue-like outgrowth externally and basally blackish brown, the broad rounded hyaline
end of which is curved against or across the base of the terminal outgrowth; the stalk-cell small, the basal
cells collectively larger, and separated from it by a very oblique septum. Basal cell of the receptacle
long, black, obconical, the narrow base translucent; the subbasal cell small, nearly triangular. Append-
age consisting of five very obliquely superposed cells, the two lower nearly equal, the cells above successively
smaller, but equal in length; the branches which are once or twice branched and extend about to the
middle of the perithecium, arising from the whole surface of their inner margins, the terminal cell soon
destroyed. Spores 55 X 3 p. Perithecia 135 X 36 w. Basal cell of receptacle 120 4. Appendage
without branches 55 p. Total length to tip of perithecium 290-310 pu.

On the abdomen of Quedionuchus impunctus Sharp. San Andres, Vera Cruz. Sharp Collection,
No. 1105.

A species distinguished by its small blunt perithecium, and almost wholly opaque basal cell, but
nearly allied to the three preceding species.

326 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Sphaleromyces Latone noy. nom. Plate L, figs. 1-3
Corethromyces Latone Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 41. June, 1901.

Perithecium reddish brown with a purplish tinge, often straight, or externally concave, slightly in-
flated; the lip-cells forming a small short, slightly bent, nearly cylindrical, truncate, or papillate terminal
projection, which is rather abruptly distinguished; the secondary stalk-cell, and the basal cell above it,
bulging outward more or less prominently, and separated by a rather conspicuous irregular indentation :
the stalk-cell small and squarish. The basal cell of the receptacle asymmetrical; its anterior margin
straight and perpendicular, the posterior slightly curved and oblique; its distal margin oblique with a
posterior protrusion ; its slender base translucent, but otherwise opaque, the opacity involving a portion
of the small flattened subtriangular subbasal cell. The appendage consisting of a series of about five
successively smaller hyaline cells, the lowest greatly flattened; the series above, the distal cells of which
soon disappear, often turned outward so as to become almost horizontal in position, giving rise from their
inner sides to numerous hyaline branches, which may be more or less copiously branched. Spores about
35 X 2. Perithecium 90-105 X 20-25 yp, the stalk and basal cells together 20-25 p. Receptacle 110
50 (distal end) X 10 # (base). Total length to tip of perithecium 225-250 p.

On the legs and abdomen of Latona Spinole Guér. Bogota, Columbia. Berlin Museum, No. 834.

Although I have been unable to determine with absolute certainty, young specimens of this species
appear to produce solitary antheridia on the branchlets, and I have therefore included the species in
Sphaleromyces to which in other respects it corresponds exactly; although somewhat peculiar from its
condensed primary appendage and large opaque distally prominent basal cell. The types were found in
company with Laboulbenia Latone on various parts of the host.

SPHALEROMYCES oBTUSUS Thaxter. Plate LII, figs. 11-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts. and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 440. April, 1900.

Perithecia relatively large, clear dark brown becoming almost opaque; the inner margin nearly
straight, the outer strongly convex; tapering very slightly basally and distally; the tip paler brown,
abruptly distinguished, and when viewed sidewise flaring, with straight divergent lateral margins, the
distal margin as broad as the portion of the perithecium below the tip, and slightly concave, the outer lips
more prominent and much broader than the inner: when viewed at right angles to this position the tip
appears in general bluntly rounded, not expanded, the more or less papillate tips of the lip-cells situated
in asymmetrical pairs, which are visible above and below a broad bluntly rounded median portion between
them: the basal cells colored like the perithecium, distinct, hardly broader than the stalk-cell which is
hyaline contrasting thick-walled and about twice as long as broad. Receptacle small, suffused with brown,
two celled; the septa somewhat oblique, the upper cell contrasting abruptly with the colorless stalk-cell,
and giving rise laterally to the slightly divergent appendage, which consists of from five to six nearly opaque
brown cells, separated by oblique septa; each producing distally on the inner side a short hyaline branch,
sometimes once branched. Spores about 40 X 3.5 yp. Perithecia 140-150 x 40-45 yp, the stalk-cell
35 X 20 w. Receptacle not including foot 27-35 X 10 4. Appendage, mostly broken 70-100 p. ‘Total
length to tip of perithecium 230-245 yn.

On Lathrobium Tllyricum De}j., Bumish Museum, No. 384. Algeria (?). On superior surface of

abdomen.

SPHALEROMYCES PROPINQUUS Thaxter. Plate LI, figs. 14-16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 441. Apuil, 1900.

Like §. obtusus in size, form, and color, except that the tip of the perithecium is symmetrical or nearly
so, the lips forming a broadly rounded blunt terminal prominence with sometimes a slight median eleva-
tion, while at the base the tip is characteristically broadened through the presence of distinct lateral ele-
vations on either side: the stalk-cell rather abruptly swollen below the basal cells of the perithecium.

On Lathrobium, sp. indet., British Museum, No. 383. Europe. On superior surface of abdomen.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 327

This species is doubtfully separated from 8. obtusus on account of the very different conformation
of the tip of the perithecium, which, as the material in either case occurred in the same position on the
host, can hardly be due to position of growth. Their retention as distinct species is, however, only pro-
visional.

CERAIOMYCES Thaxter.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 410. March, 1901.

Structure of the perithecium as in Laboulbenia, its stalk-cell united to the free base of the free stalk-
cell of the appendage, which bears a well differentiated insertion-cell terminally, from the end of which
are borne antheridial branches, their successive cells producing terminally either successive secondary
branchlets, or antheridia or both. Receptacle two-celled.

This genus is in some respects very similar to Laboulbenia, with species of which it might be confused

on superficial examination. It differs in possessing an appendage, the stalk-cell of which is free from the
stalk-cell of the perithectum. The main appendage, moreover, consists of but two superposed cells
terminated by an insertion-cell which does not necessarily give rise to outer and inner branches. As in
species of Dimeromyces and Rhizomyces, the two forms herewith illustrated differ in their relation to the
host; C. Dahli, which grows on a soft-bodied fly, bemg characterized by a copiously branched rhizoid
that enters the body cavity, whereas G. Selene is attached by the usual blackened foot.

Crratomyces Danii Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 3-6.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVI, p. 410. March, 1901.

Perithecium large, blackish brown, with an olive shade, becoming opaque, usually slightly curved,
tapering gradually to the slender undifferentiated tip; the anterior lip-cells forming two appressed hyaline-
tipped finger-like projections; the base very broad, translucent, dull brownish, bulging conspicuously
below the venter, especially on the left side; the stalk-cell small, nearly isodiametric, united on its inner
side to the base of the stalk-cell of the appendage. The latter free, though often in contact with the
base of the perithecium, dull blackish olive, outwardly inflated, narrower terminally where it bears the
characteristically differentiated basal cell of the appendage, which becomes almost opaque and is some-
what flask- or bottle-shaped with a rounded extremity, from which, typically, two divergent branches
arise which in turn may branch one to three times subdichotomously; the long slender flask-shaped
antheridia borne, one to two together, distally from the successive cells. The basal cell of the receptacle
nearly spherical, penetrating the host by a long filament which is slender except for an enlargement im-
mediately below the integument of the host, simple at first but becoming more or less copiously branched;
the upper cell very large and elongate. Spores about 30 X 3 yw. Perithecium 275-310 & 55-60 yu; the
base, including the stalk-cell, 68-72 < 58-68 mu. Appendage 75-85 yp (the basal cell 18 < 12 y), the
stalk-cell 40-45 X 18-22 yw. Receptacle 175-240 X 35 yu (the basal cell 20-22 ). ‘Total length to tip
of perithecium 400-675 yw, average 550 yp.

On various parts of a small flower fly. Ralum, New Pomerania. Berlin Museum, Nos. 1283 and
1298.

This species is conspicuous from its large size and dark color, and growing, as it often does, projecting
forward from the head of its host, was at first mistaken fer an antenna. ‘The many peculiarities of this
fine species need hardly be pointed out, and are clearly indicated by the accompanying figures. In all
the specimens the black insertion-cell gives rise to two antheridial branches. The species has been named
alter Dr. Dahl of the Berlin Museum, from whose collections of Papuan Diptera so many interesting
Laboulbeniales were obtained.

CERAIOMYCES SELINA! Thaxter. Plate XLII, figs. 7-8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 26. June, 1902.
Receptacle pale dirty brownish, becoming gradually somewhat broader distally, the foot blackish
brown, not clearly distinguished, the subbasal cell longer than the basal. Stalk-cell of the perithecium

328 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACER.

slightly longer than broad, the basal cells forming a hyaline neck bent above the stalk-cell and not dis-
tinguished, except in color, from the body of the perithecium, which is nearly straight, symmetrical, dull
purplish brown, tapering gradually to the slightly asymmetrical apex; the tip hardly distinguished by a
slight external elevation. Stalk-cell of the appendage more or less strongly curved, or recurved so that
the appendage bends downward; the insertion-cell slightly broader than long, blackish purple below,
separated by a slightly oblique septum from the much larger cell above it, from which four or five branches
arise distally; the branches simple, or sparingly branched, hyaline or reddish brown, sterile or bearing
antheridia. Perithecia 125-150 X 30-35 yp, the stalk-cell 22-25 yp. Receptacle 200-325 X 25-30 yp.
Appendages 185-400 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 219-490 p.

On the prothorax of Selina Westermanni Mostch., India Orient. (labelled ‘“Tranquil”), Berlin
Museum, No. 976.

The only two specimens of this species that were obtained are figured in the accompanying plate.
It looks at first sight like a somewhat malformed Laboulbenia, but the essential characters correspond
exactly with those of the preceding species. The insertion-cell bears but a single appendage, however,
and the host is not penetrated by any rhizoid. he host in this case is a carabid beetle and the genus
Selena is said to be synonymous with Ega.

LABOULBENIA Robin.

Taken as a whole the characters of this very large and varied genus are remarkably constant as far
as the general type of structure and development are concerned, and I have little to add to the account
already given in my Monograph. As I have there pointed out the type is peculiar from the fact that the
so-called receptacle here, is not homologous with that of its simpler allies, like Rhadinomyces for example,
but includes in addition to the primary two-celled receptacle of such forms, a cell series of very constant
characters which results from the adnation of the basal portion of a primary appendage with the stalk-
cell, and usually with some of the basal cells, of the perithectum. ‘This pseudo-receptacle gives rise,
then, to a single perithecium on one side and on the other to appendages which are in reality branches
from the adnate primary appendage. ‘The arrangement of cells in this combination is, in general, so
regular and constant that it has been found possible and convenient to number the successive cells. The
basal and subbasal cells, representing the primary receptacle of the simpler forms, are numbered I and II
respectively; the primary appendage includes cells III to V, the latter a double cell which, like cell IV,
is normally separated from the “appendages” by a blackened insertion-cell. Of the remaining cells,
cell VII corresponds to the normal perithecial stalk-cell of many other genera, which in this instance is
never free.

The more important variations which are met with among the members of the genus are for the
most part associated with secondary divisions of the distal portion of the “primary” appendage, that is
to say of cells IV-V and of the insertion-cell. Laboulbenia olivacea, for example, is a unique imstance
in which such a division of cell IV appears to be invariable (Plate LV, fig. 3). In L. Anaplogenii also,
although the phenomenon is neither regular nor invariable, the same cell may be divided by one or even
more septa, becoming thus to some extent proliferous distally and externally. The most complicated
instances of this nature are seen in some of the aquatic species like L. ceratophora, and such forms might
on this account be put in a genus by themselves were it not for the existence of various species showing
transitional conditions.

Normally the free appendages consist of an outer and an inner, arising immediately above the in-
sertion-cell from corresponding basal cells; but through the subdivision of these basal cells, as well as of
the insertion-cell, the normal arrangement may be wholly confused, as in the instances last mentioned.
A further modification which is unusual, is seen in L. proliferans and its varieties (Plate LIT) in which
certain secondary cells, resulting from the proliferation of cell V, may give rise to a more or less copious

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/:. 329

production of secondary appendages. Similar tendencies toward irregular division of the appendages,
as well as of cell IV and of the insertion-cell, are also seen in L. Clivinalis (Plate LXI) and several allied
species, although a perfectly normal type may be associated as in this species, with such abnormalities.

It is evident that this large genus is a modern one, in which species making is in active progress,
and it is thus an extremely difficult one to treat from a systematic standpomt; especially in view of the
limited material usually available for study, and the poor condition in which such material is found in
collections, on dried insects which haye im general been previously soaked in alcohol, and it must often
be a matter of opinion whether species, or varieties, or regional variations are in question. In endeavor-
ing to put in order the almost endless variations of the simpler, or “ flagellata” type, I do not feel that I
have in all cases been consistent in my view of what constitutes a variety and what a species. For example
under L. Teaana and L. proliferans certain apparent variations are distinguished by varietal names,
while from L. orientalis | have separated as species, L. japonica, L. pusilla and L. rhinophora, although
the differences in these cases are no greater, perhaps, than they are in cases where the varietal designation
has been applied. I do not feel at all sure that it would not have been better to discard varietal designa-
tions entirely, or at least in L. Texana, L. proliferans and L. cauliculata, in recognition of the fact that in
these cases species making is in progress, although the forms do not appear to have become so well defined
as they are, for example, in a majority of the numerous closely allied species of the remarkable “ Galerite”’
group.

Apart from a crowd of forms which it is very difficult to assemble about any very definite type species,
there are several subdivisions of the genus which may be distinguished with some definiteness; and among
these that which occurs on water beetles belonging to the Gyrinide, and which may be grouped about
L. Gyrinidarum as a type, is perhaps one of the most clearly defined. ‘This group, instead of suggesting
primitive conditions, which might be expected to throw light on possible aquatic ancestors of the family
as a whole, appears to illustrate, rather, one of its most highly developed types, as is indicated by the greater
complexity of the receptacle, appendages and, in many cases, of the perithecium. ‘The more complicated
members of this group, however, are directly connected with the terrestrial types through forms like L.
variabilis; while it contains within itself a certain number of simpler forms like L. coarctata, for example,
in which the receptacle is absolutely normal. Among these aquatic species, of which there are about
twenty, L. aquatica alone shows a copious development of typical flask-shaped antheridia, while in the
others no bodies have been observed which can certainly be regarded as organs of this nature. It should
be mentioned, however, that material of these forms is almost invariably in bad condition, and that I
have made no attempt to reexamine fresh material of the common forms on American Gyrini in order to
determine this point.

A somewhat similar and very curious tendency to secondary division, not only in the distal cells of
the receptacle, but in the basal cells of the appendages as well, is also seen in the group of forms referred
to above, occurring on Clivina and allied carabid genera Schizogenius, Morio, etc., although in these cases
the tendency has not become fixed, as is illustrated in figures 5-6 of Plate LXI.

As might be expected in a genus which includes more than two hundred species, the parasitism of
the latter is unusually varied; and although the Carabidz among the beetles harbor the great majority,
forms are known to occur on Staphylinide, Gyrinide, Cicindelide, and several other orders among the
Coleoptera; on Diopsidee among the flies; on Termites among the Neuroptera; on two Gamasid mites,
and even on ants. It is rather remarkable that such extreme differences in hosts have, in most instances,
induced no considerable departure from the conventional type, even in cases where the character of the
host is so unusual as in those of L. Hageni and L. Formicarum which occur on Neuroptera and Hymenop-
tera. Whether the forms on Gamasidee (L. armillaris and L. Napoleons) are aberrant, it is hardly possible
to determine from the published figures; but these hosts might certainly be expected to harbor very peculiar
species.

The distribution of the species corresponds in some instances to that of the genus of host insects, as

330 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

in the case of L. cristata which occurs in all the continents; although the members of the large genus
Pederus which it infests, are very varied and numerous. On the other hand certam forms seem to be
decidedly restricted. L. variabilis, for example, which occurs on a variety of carabid hosts and even on
one genus of tiger-beetles, seems certainly not to occur outside the American continents. L. Philonthi,
also, which occurs on members of one of the largest and most widely distributed genera of the Staphylinidee,
is only found in North and South America. In the two instances last mentioned, enough exotic material
of the hosts has been examined to make it reasonably certain that the species are thus restricted, and
this is doubtless true of many other forms in connection with which the data are less complete. Among
still more restricted forms the species on Hawaiian Carabidee may be mentioned, although they are in
general not confined to special genera; while numberless forms have as yet been seen only on members
of the same host species, or genus, and from single localities.

In attempting to arrange the species serially, and at the same time bring together groups of evidently
related forms, a confusion has resulted in the following enumeration, through the unavoidable juxtaposi-
tion of unrelated species, and it would have been in some respects less misleading to have adopted an
alphabetical arrangement. The different groups of species, where groups can be distinguished, center
about the so-called normal, or flagellata-type. For example the whole series on American Galerita,
already referred to, which comprises about twenty-five species, has apparently come from some type
similar to that of L. Mexicana, which is found widely distributed on the same hosts. ‘The same may be
true of the group comprising L. Pachytelis, L. Pheropsophi, L. Texana with its varieties, and other related
forms; some or all of which may have come from L. Darwinii, or a similar type. The series of L. pro-
liferans and its varieties, comes also directly from a normal type through the proliferation of cell V; and
further abnormal divisions in this region result in the type of L. variabilis, which passes directly to the
types already referred to as seen in the aquatic parasites of Gyrinide, which themselves vary to forms pos-
sessing quite normal receptacles.

In my Monograph I called attention to certain abnormalities which were of interest as showing that
the sexual characters did not appear to be inherent in any special cells of the receptacle, although the
primary branches of the subbasal cell are normally antheridial and procarpic respectively. In this way_
perithecia may be wholly or in part replaced by antheridial branches, and, especially in African forms of
L. proliferans, instances occur in which perithecia may arise secondarily from the subbasal cell, or even
other cells of the receptacle.

LABOULBENIA FASCICULATA Peyritsch.
L. brachiata Thaxter, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXIV, p. 11.

The figures of this species given by Peyritsch give so incorrect an idea of its characters, that I felt no
hesitation in separating the American form. An examination of European material on the same hosts
on which it was observed by Peyritsch clearly indicates, however, that the two are identical. Material
has been examined, from the Florence Collection on Platynus dorsalis Miill., on Patrobus excavatus Payk.
and on Chlenius vestitus Payk., all of which were Italian; in the British Museum on Patrobus rufipes
Fabr., from Britain, No. 638; on Brachinus sp., China (?) No. 535; the last two differing somewhat in
color but structurally identical with the North American and European types. Closely allied to L.
proliferans and resembling especially the varieties divaricata and interposita, it is always separable from
the fact that the insertion-cell is undifferentiated and is not directly related to the basal cell of the inner
appendage. Each basal cell of the appendages, moreover, as well as the secondary appendiculate cells
which result from the proliferation of cell V, bear in the present species more than a single branch or
appendage; while the basal cells of the latter are relatively large and somewhat inflated, and all the
lower septa are black and somewhat oblique. The species bears also a certain resemblance to L. varia-
bilis to which it may be related.

©

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 331

LABOULBENIA PROLIFERANS Thaxter.

This species presents a plexus of variations, several of which it has seemed desirable to distinguish
by varietal names and some of these like the var. cincta or var. atrata might be considered by some persons
as specifically distinct. But although these seem very constant, for example on a given host from a
given locality, there are so many of them and they are otherwise so variable that it has appeared wiser to
regard them all as representing a single species which is undoubtedly in a very plastic condition, and
from which a number of species are likely eventually to separate themselves. Whether such a separa-
tion has not actually begun is perhaps a matter of opinion. If we take the well defined African form
Var. atrata, it might well be considered specifically distinct from the normal form as it occurs for instance
on Asiatic species of Chlenius; yet the var. interposita on African Chlanii, which approaches atrata very
closely, becomes identical with the Eastern form on Chlenius when, as actually occurs in a few individ-
uals, the blackened septa are absent at the bases of its acessory appendages; while var. divaricata, again,
could hardly be separated from atrata if these blackened septa were added.

Among the minor variations which I have seen the following deserve mention. British Museum
No. 604 on Chlenius pallipes Gebl. from Japan differs in possessing a receptacle the lower part of which
is very slender, cell I being nearly isodiametric, slender, usually abruptly curved above its base, with a more
or less well marked prominence distally and anteriorly just below cell II.

Berlin Museum No. 918, on Brachionychus sublevis Chaud. from Salang I., Siam, though not other-
wise peculiar, has an outer appendage similar in type to that of L. spiralis or L. flaccida (Plate LVIII).

Berlin Museum No. 930, on Chlenius xanthacrus Wied., from Bengal, is a small form, the distal
portion of the receptacle relatively large and diverging from the relatively small perithecium.

British Museum No. 596 on Cleniomus gracilicollis Ink. from Turkestan, is a pale form peculiar
for the characteristic wine-red color of its insertion-cell.

Hope Collection on Chlenius sp. No. 320, from Ceylon, has copious accessory branches, which are
hardly divergent, and 750 y in length.

Minor variations in color, size and form of the receptacle, perithecium and appendages are common,
as well as in the degree of proliferation in cell V (which is rarely quite normal), the number of accessory
appendiculate cells cut off rarely exceeding five and usually not more than two in number.

In a few individuals of the normal type (Paris 51, on Chlenius sp., Algeria, and No. 83 on Eudema,
Africa, the subbasal cell of the receptacle has organized procarps and perithecia, and in one case two
have arisen after a division ofthis cell. This appears to occur usually when the primary perithecium
aborts for any reason, or is destroyed; but in one instance both primary and secondary perithecia appear
to be functional.

A complete list of the material examined since the publication of my Monograph, and exclusive of
the named varieties, is as follows; — British Museum: No. 588 on Eudema conica Murr., Old Calabar,
Africa; No. 589 on E. microcephalus Dej., Sierra Leone; No. 596 on Chlaniomus gracilicollis Ink., Turke-
stan, No. 598 on Chlenius spoliatus Rossi, Andalusia; No. 601 on C. marginellus Dej., Delagoa Bay, Africa;
No. 603 on C. eneipennis, Port Natal, Africa; No. 6040n C. pallipes Gebl., Japan; No. 605 on C. bimacu-
latus Dej., Java; No. 608 on C. marginatus Dej., Hong Kong; No. 610 on Rhembus sp., W. India. Paris
Collection: No. 20 on Chlenius sp., Madagascar; No. 51 on Chlenius sp., Algeria; No. 83, on Eudema
sp., Africa; No. 87 on Chlenwus sp., Java; No. 134 on Chlenius sp., Japan; No. 140 on Chlenius sp.,
Asia. Hope Collection: No. 320 on Chlenius sp., Ceylon; No. 335 on Craspedophorus sp., West Aus-
tralia; No. 381 on Eudema Erichsonu Hope, Africa. Berlin Museum: No. 918 on Brachionychus
sublevis Chaud., Salang Island, Siam; No. 923 on Chlenius biguttatus Motsch, Japan; No. 929 on C.
Schaumu West., “Tranquil”: No. 928 on C. Javanus Chd., Java; No. 9240n Chlenius sp., New Guinea;
No. 930 on C. xanthocerus Dej., Bengal. Sharp Collection; No. 1106 on Pheropsophus Hispanica De}.
Spain; also on Chlenius velutinus Duft., from Italy? in the Florence collection. The specimen on

332 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Pheropsophus from Spain is immature but appears certainly to belong here. I hope to illustrate this
species more fully in a future paper.

The varieties of this species which it has been thought desirable to distinguish by special names are
as follows:

var. Liberiana Thaxter. Cell V constantly once-proliferous, the accessory appendage simple, dis-
tinguished by a broad opaque black base. Type on Hudema sp., Liberia (Cooke); British Museum No.
591 on E. arcuatocolle Murr., Old Calabar: Paris Museum Nos. 84and 152 on Eudema sp., Congo, Africa,
in the original figure of this variety (Monograph, Plate III, fig. 7) the septum separating cell III from
cell IV, was not inked in before reproduction, so that the figure is incorrect to this extent. ‘The septum
is almost exactly horizontal, and the two cells which it separates are about equal in length. The additional
material obtained since this variety was described resembles the type in all respects.

var. CINCTA Thaxter. Plate LIII, fig. 5.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 53. June, 1902.

Perithecium borne on a black base resembling a normal insertion-cell; cell V several times proliferous,
each cell bearing a simple accessory appendage distinguished by a broad black basal suffusion. On
Eudema sinuaticolle Laf., Lagos, Guinea; British Museum, No. 590. On FE. grossum Hope, Old Calabar,
Africa; British Museum, No. 587. On Episcosomus (Eudema) grossus Hope, Africa; Paris Museum,
No. 81. On Craspedophorus adequatus Kolbe, Bismarkdorf, Togo, Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 919,
and Kamerun, Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 912. On C. Congoanus Kolbe, Kimpoko, Congo, Africa;
Berlin Museum, No. 907. OnC. Preusii Kolbe; Barumba Station, Kamerun, Africa; Berlin Museum,
No. 910. On C. (Eudema) Strachani Hope, Togo, Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 913.

This variety is entirely similar to the var, Liberiana except that cell V is more than once proliferous,
and that the perithecium is seated on a clearly defined black base which is like the normal insertion-cell
of this genus. In the latter respect the variety is quite unique, since no other member of the genus shows
any such tendency. ‘The black portion appears to result from the modification of two cells (cells g and
d, Monograph, Plate II, fig. 17).

var. ATRATA Thaxter. Plate LIII, fig. 2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 53. June, 1902.

Cell V twice to five times proliferous, the accessory appendages distinguished by thick black bases
and either divaricately once- or twice-branched, or simple. Very variable in size, the type on Rhopalome-
lus (Berlin No. 921) over 1.5 mm. in length, while specimens on Rhopalomelus from Port Natal (British
Museum, No. 630) are only 450 » to tip of perithecium. A fine variety, which, in the absence of inter-
mediate forms, would never be specificially associated with the normal form of proliferans. Specimens
in which the accessory branches are simple (Berlin 909 and 908, Brit. Mus. 630) resemble var. cincta
exactly, except that no blackened base is distinguished below the perithecium. On Chlanius Dohrini
Bert., Tropical E. Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 226. On Euchlenius trochantericus Kolbe, Njam Njam,
Semnio, Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 921. On Craspedophorus nucatus Harold, “Regne Lugna” ?
Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 908. On C. Westermanni Laf., Togo, Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 909.
On Rhopalomelus angusticollis Boh., Port Natal, Africa; British Museum, No. 630. On Rhopalomelus
sp., Africa; Hope Collection, No. 311.

Var. interposita nov. var. Plate LIII, figs. 3-4.

This name may be used to designate a form on African species of Chlenius which resembles yar.
atrata from the fact that one or all of its accessory appendages may be distinguished at the base by black-
ened septa, although specimens occur in which no such blackening is present. It resembles the Asiatic
forms of the species on the same host in general form, and in the Type (British Museum No. 599 on
Chlenius sp., Angola), has the same pale straw yellow coloring often seen in material from this region.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 333

Specimens from Delagoa Bay, however, (Brit. Museum, No. 600) and from Sierra Leone (B. M. No.
602 on C. venator) are suffused with dark brown in most cases.

Var. pivaricaTA Thaxter. Plate LIII, figs. 6-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 53. June, 1902.

Cell V once proliferous or sometimes normal without proliferation, the primary appendages copiously
several times branched, the branches or branchlets commonly more or less marked by basal blackish suf-
fusions, divaricate, slender, tapering, flexuous. On Chlenius sp., Sandakan, Borneo; British Museum,
No. 664, Type. On Chlenius ? sp., Victoria, Australia; Hope Collection, No. 339. On Notonomus
viridescens Chaud. (?), New Zealand; Paris Museum, No. 159. On Bembus gigas Bates, Japan; Paris
Museum, No. 133. On Rhembus levis Lesne, Java; Paris Museum, No. 109.

LaBouLBENIA CrasprpopHort Thaxter. Plate LIII, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 32. June, 1902.

Perithecium relatively large, almost wholly free, erect, usually bent slightly inward toward the base
and outward toward the tip, becoming almost opaque dark brown; the tip rather small, hardly distin-
guished, bent slightly outward; the lip edges pale, outwardly oblique. Receptacle usually rather slender,
the basal and subbasal cells relatively large and long, faintly suffused with brown, the upper longer,
separated from cell III by a narrow horizontal septum and from cell VI by a very oblique or almost verti-
cal one; the distal portion of the receptacle narrow, but rather abruptly distinguished, especially cells
III and IV, more or less deeply suffused, becoming concolorous with the perithecium. Outer appendage
long, slender, simple, or rarely distally furcate, curved outward; the basal cell of the inner appendage
relatively very small, bearing a single, erect, short, one-celled branch; which, after bearing several an-
theridia distally, soon disappears. Spores 75 X 5 yp. Perithecia 180-210 x 48 yw. Receptacle 150-
325 w. Appendages longer, 300-375 . ‘Total length to tip of perithecitum 280-500 yp.

On Craspidophorus tenuipunctatus Laf., East Indies; British Museum, No. 592. On Panageus
(Eudema) Symei Murr., Old Calabar, Africa; British Museum, No. 594. On Microsomus (Eudema)
vicinus Murr., Gaboon, French Congo, Africa; Berlin Museum, No. 920. On Craspidophorus (?) sp.,
U.S. National Museum, Liberia, Africa, No. 8.

This form is allied to L. proliferans, and although from a description alone it might be readily con-
fused with other species in which the outer appendage is single and simple, its characters show sufficient
individuality to separate it readily from any other species thus far described. It might be regarded as
representing the original simple type from which L. prolzferans and its varieties have come, and it, more-
over, occurs on similar hosts. Its individuality is perhaps best illustrated by the outline of its perithecium
which resembles that of L. prolijerans. 'The tip is not, however, distinguished as in this species, and none
of-the individuals thus far examined have shown any tendency to proliferation in cell V.

LABOULBENIA EXIGUA Thaxter. Plate LIII, fig. 1.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 37. June, 1902.

Perithecium relatively very small, the upper third or less free, reddish brown, deeper than the recep-
tacle, erect, straight, nearly symmetrical; the tip clearly and rather abruptly distinguished; the lip-cells
with darker shades, distinctly spreading, especially externally, the edges hyaline, nearly horizontal. Basal
and subbasal cells of the receptacle subequal small. The insertion-cell broad, well marked. The basal
cells of the appendage clearly distinguished, subequal, about as broad as long; the outer bearing a single,
simple erect branch, the basal cell of which is abruptly narrower, squarish, deeper brown, the septa dark,
the rest of the branch simple, obscurely septate, distally hyaline, tinged with pale brown below; the inner
appendage like the outer, shorter, paler, the brownish short basal portion of the single simple branch
smaller and without septa. Spores about 40 X 4. Perithecia 86 X 26. Receptacle 220». Append-
ages 184-150 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 250-290 yu.

334 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

On the inferior thorax of Chlenius biguttatus Motsch., Japan; Berlin Museum, No. 923.
Allied to L. humilis, but differing in its appendages, and in the conformation of the spreading tip of
its perithecium which is itself differently shaped, and differently related to the insertion-cell.

LABOULBENIA HUMILIS Thaxter. Plate LIII, fig. 10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 42. June, 1902.

Rather slender, nearly uniform dirty olivaceous. Perithecia relatively large, straight, erect, the
outer margin nearly straight to the lips, or slightly convex; the tip not well distinguished, with darker
shades below the rather coarse, pale, outwardly oblique lips. Basal cell of the receptacle relatively large,
somewhat paler; the cells above it darker, and transversely, rather coarsely, striate-punctate especially
cell II; cell III separated from cell II by a short horizontal septum; cell VI separated from cells I] and
III by oblique septa; the anterior margin of the receptacle slightly convex, the posterior strongly diver-
gent above cell II. Insertion-cell relatively narrow and thick, the outer appendage short, simple, taper-
ing, four to five-celled, slightly divergent above the basal cell, which is rather long, irregular and paler;
the subbasal cell separated by a more or less distinctly oblique septum, where the appendage is slightly
geniculate; the inner appendage erect, simple, or the small basal cell producing two pale, short, few-celled,
simple branches. Spores about 50 X 5 wu. Perithecia 100-125 < 30 p. Receptacle about 185 p. Ap-
pendages 60-75 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 250-275 p.

On the elytra of Chlenius monogrammus Laf., Hong Kong; British Museum, No. 606. On C.
cyaniceps Bates, Hong Kong; Berlin Museum, No. 925.

This species, although insignificant, is well distinguished by its feebly developed appendages, the
form of its perithecium and the conspicuous striation of cell IJ. It seems to be as nearly allied to L. Cras-
pidophori and L. exigua as to any other species, but could hardly be confused with either. The form on
C. cyaniceps is taken as the type and illustrated in fig. 10.

LABOULBENIA BracHionycui Thaxter. Plate LIII, figs. 11-12.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 162. December, 1899.

Perithecium wholly free, rather deeply suffused with smoky or reddish brown, subclavate or almost
symmetrically inflated, tapering from the middle to the nearly symmetrical, or externally slightly oblique
blunt tip, the basal wall-cells contracted to form a long slender neck-like subhyaline stalk. Receptacle
abnormally developed, cells I and II nearly equal, cells III to V forming a stalk which is deeply suffused
with blackish brown especially externally, and rather coarsely punctate in the darker areas, of equal diam-
eter throughout and quite free, except at its very base, from the rest of the receptacle: cell IV larger than
cell III, cell V small and separated by an oblique septum; cell II often somewhat suffused and distinctly
finely punctate; cell I about as long as cell II, and faintly punctate above; cell VII and the basal cells
of the perithecium very small. Outer appendage consisting of a basal cell deeply blackened externally,
and bearing a long slender simple branch, distally hyaline, more or less suffused with smoky brown to-
ward the base: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell about half as long as that of the outer
producing a single branch on either side which may be once or twice branched, the antheridia borne
usually in twos or threes on short branchlets near the base. Spore 110 < 7 w. Perithecia exclusive of ©
stalk, 270-340 X 65 yw; including stalk 340-430 yp. Total length to tip of perithecium 650-800 4; to
insertion-cell 400-500 . Stalk-like portion of receptacle 138 X 38 4. Appendages 400-470 p.

On Brachionychus sp., Paris Coll. Nos. 99 and 822, Cochin China; on Episcosoma laticollis, No.
85, Cochin China; on Episcosoma sp., No. 86, Java. Berlin Museum No. 916 on Microxys robustus
Mor. Japan. Usually on inferior surface of thorax.

This fine species appears to be quite isolated by reason of its peculiarities. Of the other species, L.
anomala alone possesses a receptacle somewhat similarly developed in relation to the perithecium, but
this aquatic form is otherwise totally diverse. The slender neck of the perithecium appears almost to
arise from the subbasal cell, cell VI being small and cells II-V forming together a free structure terminated

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/®. 335

by the insertion-cell. Apart from slight differences in the depth of the suffusions, the Javan, Chinese and
Japanese material shows no variations worthy of note. Fig. 11 represents an individual from Cochin
China, Paris Museum, No. 9, which is taken as the Type.

LABOULBENIA NEBRLA Peyr.
Specimens of this species were obtained in the British Museum No. 458 on Nebria Gyllenhali Sch.,
from Whallen, England: in the Paris Collection on N. rubicunda Quens., from Algeria, No. 32. Berlin
Museum No. 863, on NV. angustata Dej., Tyrol, No. 866 on N. angusticollis Dej., France.

LABOULBENIA VULGARIS Peyritsch.

The varieties of this species and its near allies on species of Bembidiwm are in need of thorough re-
vision and illustration, which I have deferred until it becomes possible to examine the large amount of
material which I have collected in South America and elsewhere, but which is not yet available for study.
It may be mentioned here, however, that material from Greece, Italy, the Canaries, India, Japan and the
Hawaiian Islands has been obtained from the European Collections.

LABOULBENIA INSULARIS Thaxter. Plate LVI, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 181. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium one third or more free, inflated, dark brown, becoming almost opaque, tapering to the
rather pointed apex, the lip-edges hyaline. Receptacle elongate, the distal portion concolorous with the
perithecium; cell I suffused with brown above and below, cell Il hyatne except for a brown suffusion at
its base and distal end. Outer appendage consisting of a large subconical basal cell becoming dark brown
and bearing terminally a single short erect slender branch, the two basal cells of which are dark blackish
brown, the septa usually oblique; the distal cell somewhat longer than the rest of the appendage, hyaline
and soon broken. ‘The inner appendage consisting of a very small basal cell, usually producing a single
short hyaline branch about as long as that of the outer appendage. Perithecium 85-95 x 40 yw. ‘Total
length to tip of perithecium 215-275 p; to insertion-cell 200-250 ». Appendages, longest 100 p.

On Bembidium sublimatum Woll., and B. Grayanum Woll., Brit. Mus. No. 409, Island of St. Helena.

This species, though most nearly allied to L. vulgaris, differs constantly from forms of that species in
the character of its appendages; the outer short, slender, more or less indurated, simple, externally suf-
fused with rich brown, is partly broken in all the adult individuals examined, but is shown from young
individuals, fig. 2, to be but slightly longer than is represented in fig. 1.

LABOULBENIA PERPENDICULARIS Thaxter.

A few specimens of a form not separable from this species were found on the legs of Bembidiwin
atlanticum Woll. from ‘Teneriffe: British Mus., No. 420.

LABOULBENIA SUBTERRANEA ‘Thaxter.

The different forms which seem referable to this species are very perplexing; especially those from
European caves, which are seldom very like the striking American type-form, yet correspond too closely
to some of its variations to warrant a specific separation. "The European species of T'rechus, furthermore,
are not infrequently parasitized by a form illustrated on Plate LIM, figs. 14-15 which, though strikingly
different from the types of this species, are so nearly identical with its varieties that I have not thought it
wise to separate them at present. This variety is characterized by the possession of a simple, usually
rigid, stiff outer appendage, the lower cells of which are apt to be more or less elongated, and sometimes
of variable diameter, or distally somewhat enlarged as in the two figures referred to. The species ap-
proaches some forms of L. polyphaga, although it is always sufficiently distinct to be readily recognizable.
On several European species of the staphylinid genus Stzlicus I have-also found a form that I am not able
to separate satisfactorily from the varieties above mentioned, although it is usually somewhat smaller.

336 THAXTHR. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

The individual represented in fig. 13 was found on S. geniculatus Ehr., from England, and was at first
given a specific name corresponding to the host; but although an examination of abundant material may
show essential and constant differences, I have preferred to place this form also provisionally under the
present species.

Of the forms on Anophthalmus the following have been examined: British Museum No. 660 on
A. Dorie Fairm., Liguria; on A. Schmidtii Sturm., Carniola. Paris Museum on A. Caranti Sell., Alpes
Maritimes, Italy; No. 188 on A. Dalmatinus Mill, Dalmatia; No. 189 on A. Schaumiai Schm., Haute
Carniola. Berlin Museum No. 875 on A. Motschulskyt Schm., Carniola; No. 876 on A. Dalmatinus
Mill., Dalmatia; On species of Trechus as follows: British Museum; No. 639 on T. micros Hubst.,
Hungary, also in Hope Coll., No. 323, Europe. Berlin Museum, No. 880 Trechus sp., Macugnaga
Italy; No. 881 on T. lavipennis Heer., Macugnaga, N. Italy; No. 879 on T. strigipennis Kies., Monte
Rosa, Italy; on Trechus sp. Canada; No. 878 on T’. paludosus Prussia.

On species of Stilicus, British Museum: No. 447 on S. geniculatus Ex., Cowley, England; No. 446
on 8. similis Er., Rathay, England. Berlin Museum; No. 837 on S. orbiculatus Payk, Europe.

LABOULBENIA Cipopactyii Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 189. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free except at the base, pale transparent amber-yellow, somewhat inflated at the base
and tapering gradually thence to the slender tip, a blackish shade below the nearly hyaline lips which are
turned slightly outward. Receptacle amber-colored, deeper anteriorly, cell I] sometimes elongate, cell
VI very short, so that the base of the perithecium comes opposite cell III. Insertion-cell and the inner
margin of cell V usually free from the perithecium. The outer appendage simple, divergent, the basal
cell very large; the basal cell of the inner appendage much smaller, bearing one to two short branchlets.
Spores 35-40 x 41 4. Perithecia 120 X 35 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 175-380 y (longest);
to insertion-cell 115-275 u.

On elytra of Gdodactylus fuscobrunneus, Fairm., Brit. Mus., No. 397, Chile.

The material of this species is unfortunately very scanty, the typical form being represented in fig.
10, and recalling L. Atlantica, although its color, the conformation of the perithecium and of the recepta-
cle, as well as its slender tapering colorless outer appendage, serve to distinguish it.

Laboulbenia Atlantica nov. sp. Plate LIII, figs. 16-17.

Perithecium dark olivaceous brown, short, stout, about two thirds free from the receptacle; the free
portion subsymmetrical, or curved outward; the tip hardly distinguished, bent slightly outward, with
darker subterminal suffusions. Receptacle short and rather stout; cells I and II subequal pale dirty yel-
lowish, the distal half, or less, of the latter united laterally to cell VI; cells II and IV subequal, short
and broad, and concolorous with the perithecium. Outer appendage yellowish, simple, elongate, diver-
gent, tapering but slightly, rather closely septate, lower cells slightly constricted at the septa; basal cell
of the inner appendage bearing a short one-celled branch on either side, from which arise a few antheridia.
Perithecium 90 X 70 4. Receptacle 110 ». Greatest total width 58 4. Longest appendage 380

On elytra of Lathrobium multipunctatum Gz., Santa Anna, Madeira; Paris Museum No. 205. On
Gargus Schawmii Woll., Arribentes, Madeira, Paris Museum No. 212.

Although the hosts of these two forms belong to different families of Coleoptera, I am unable to sepa-
rate them specifically, the specimens on Gargus differing only in the slightly greater relative length of the
basal and subbasal cells and in a slight tendency to general curvature in the free portion of the perithe-
cium. The material on Lathrobiwm is taken as the type, one of the individuals from this source being
represented in fig. 16, while figure 17 represents an individual from Gargus. The species is allied to L,
subterranea and L. Gtdodactyli, but seems sufficiently distinct from either,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 337

LABOULBENIA Maperrra Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 185. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium united to receptacle for about two thirds of its length, pale straw-yellow becoming
brownish yellow, the whole tip clear contrasting black or blackish brown, the hyaline lip-edges turned
outward. Receptacle concolorous with perithecium, rather short, normal, cell V relatively large, its
upper margin free between the perithecium and the insertion-cell, the latter oblique, clear black, con-
trasting. Outer appendage often simple, elongate, sometimes once branched above its subbasal cell;
the branches divergent; inner appendage consisting of a basal cell smaller than that of the outer, and
bearing one or two short branches commonly three-celled usually terminated by paired antheridia. Spores
75 X 6 pw. Perithecia 100-130 X 35-40 yp. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 225-250 y; to insertion-
cell 175-210 p. Appendages, longer 350 yp.

On Calathus complanatus Dej., Paris Museum, No. 211, Madeira. On elytra.

Through the enlargement of cell V, the broad insertion-cell in this species is thrown out free from the
perithecium, which is relatively small, and united to the receptacle up to a point not far below its broadly
blackened blunt apex. A sufficiently characteristic form, but without striking peculiarities.

LABOULBENIA ERECTA Thaxter. Plate LIV, figs. 20-21.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 175. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium pale yellowish brown, slightly and evenly rounded, united to the receptacle as far as its
subterminal cells, the nearly symmetrical tip rather broad, often flattened distally, becoming deeply suf-
fused with blackish, except the narrow translucent margins of the lips. Receptacle pale yellowish, cell I
short and stout, distally suffused with blackish brown; cell VI very small, cell V free from the perithecium,
sometimes lateral. Insertion-cell thick and black, sometimes carried forward opposite the apex of the
perithecium through the elongation of cells [V and V. Outer appendage consisting of a large basal cell
several times longer than broad, which may bear terminally one or two branches, the outer sometimes
once branched, the branchlets very long, slender, tapering, hyaline or pale yellowish, more or less flexuous :
the inner appendage sometimes laterally placed, usually single, simple, consisting of two or three short
cells with one or two lateral antheridia and sometimes producing longer branchlets, the basal cell much
smaller than that of the outer appendage. Perithecia 110-120 35-40 yw. ‘Total length to tip of peri-
thecium 200-275 p; to insertion-cell 200-250 p. Appendages, longest 675 y.

On Colpodes agilis Chd., Jalapa, Mexico, Brit. Mus. (Biologia Coll.), No. 696; on C. evanescens
Bates, U.S. National Museum, Biologia Coll., Mexico. Elytra.

Five specimens of this form in good condition have been examined, three from C’. evanescens (fig. 20),
having somewhat longer appendages, but not differing otherwise from the two on C. agilis (fig. 21). The
tip of the perithecium appears to be turned in all cases so that the view is anterior, or posterior, instead of
lateral. ‘The distal portion of the perithecium also may be so twisted that cell V is hardly visible beside
cell IV, a condition similar to that which is the normal one in L. paupercula. ‘This species appears to be
allied to L. flagellata and resembles L. Madeire in some respects.

LABOULBENIA OrtHomI Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 14-15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 192. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, long and straight, slender, sometimes slightly inflated distally, deep clear brown;
the tip broad, prominent, not abruptly differentiated; the lips rather large and prominent, the lower
wall-cells as a rule elongated to form a hyaline neck, usually well marked and contrasting with the body
of the perithecium. Receptacle often shorter than the perithecium, faintly punctate, olive-brown, except
the hyaline or slightly yellowish basal cell, or pale dirty brownish yellow, with distal deeper olive suffusions.
Insertion-cell not as broad as cell IV. The outer appendage normally simple, the basal cell longer than
broad, blackened externally, as are also the two cells which lie above it, the subbasal cell and even
the cell above it rarely giving rise to erect simple branchlets. The inner appendage consisting of a

338 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

basal cell similar to that of the outer, and producing on either side a straight hyaline erect branch. Spores
50 X 44. Perithecia 130-140 * 30-35 yp exclusive of the variably developed neck, which may be 18
long. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 260 y; to insertion-cell 100 4; width 40 4. Longer appendages
200-270 py.

On margin of elytra of Orthomus (Argutor) aquilus Coquer, Algeria, Paris Museum, No. 41.

The typical form of this species, which is represented in fig. 14, is a clearly defined and readily recog-
nizable type; yet among the individuals examined with which this type form was associated, are several
variations, notably the elongate form represented in fig. 15, which measures about 380 yp to the tip of the
perithecium, lacks the well defined hyaline neck at the base of the latter, and in which the elongate recep-
tacle is dirty brownish yellow, with olive shades, only, in the distal region. The outer appendages are
normally simple, and where branches occur, they appear always to have arisen as the result of injury.

LABOULBENIA Drypt# Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 19.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 35. June, 1902.

Perithecium usually nearly straight, often nearly symmetrical, the region corresponding to the basal
wall-cells usually distinctly differentiated, hyaline or transparent, brownish, becoming darker in older
individuals, concolorous with the basal and other cells below; but in general contrasting strongly,
but not abruptly, with the rich dark brown of the rest of the perithecium above it, which may become
opaque; the tip often bent slightly outward, not abruptly distinguished; the inner lip-cells more promi-
nent and deeply suffused, except the edges. Receptacle rather short, punctate, becoming more or less
and rather irregularly stained with brown, often blackish along the posterior margin up to the insertion-
cell, which is thick, well defined, contrasting. ‘The appendages rather slender; the outer nearly straight
in normal individuals, simple, divergent, rigid, tapering; the basal cell more than twice as broad, subhya-
line, with brownish suffusions next its deep black contrasting outer wall, the opacity sometimes involving
the subbasal cell, which is similar and similarly blackened externally, as is the cell next above: the inner
appendage simple, or more often once branched above the subbasal cell, divergent like the outer, brown-
ish yellow, the antheridia borne singly from the lower cells. Perithecia 110-150 * 35-40 yw. Receptacle
135-180 . Longer appendages 220 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 220-250 yp.

On Drypta ruficollis De}., Natal, Africa; British Museum, No. 506.

This species is perhaps as closely allied to L. Orthomi as to any other, and is distinguished from the
fact that the basal cells of the perithecium form an enlargement below the latter, rather than a more
slender neck. ‘The form and relative size of the perithecium are also different.

LABOULBENIA MELANARIA Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 186. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium nearly free, uniformly suffused with clear blackish brown, straight or bent slightly out-
ward; the tip more deeply colored, the lip-edges hyaline, contrasting, externally oblique. Receptacle
hyaline becoming yellowish, often suffused with blackish brown except the lower portions of cells I, II,
and VI, and usually cell V. Outer appendage consisting of a basal cell mostly free, bearing terminally
a single branch typically once branched above its basal cell, the branchlets elongate, thick-walled, rigid,
more or less tinged with brown. ‘The inner appendage consisting of a much smaller basal cell, producing
either a short two-celled branch with one or two terminal antheridia, or two longer branches which may
be once branched; the branches like those of the outer appendage but shorter. Perithecium 120 X 35 p.
Total length to tip of perithecium 275 y; to insertion-cell 150 ». Appendages, longest, 550 yu.

On Diachromus germanus Linn., Florence Museum, Florence. Hope Coll. No. 3444, 319, France
and Portugal; on Anisodactylus militaris, No. 315, Sardinia; on A. heros Fabr., No. 316, “Europe.”

This is a characteristic form, occurring usually on the elytra of its host, distinguished by its long,
apparently invariably once-furcate outer appendage, long clear brown blunt tipped perithecium, and
hyaline, or but slightly suffused receptacle. ‘The figure, which represents one of the types on Ophonus

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 339

(Diachromus) germanus, from Portugal, does not give a correct idea of the rich brown even suffusion of
the perithecium.

LABOULBENIA MApAGASCARENSIS Thaxter. Plate LXI, fig. 12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 184. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, mostly straight, the inner margin more convex, uniformly clear dark brown or
blackish except just below the black tip, abruptly distinguished from and contrasting with the receptacle ;
the tip rather abruptly distinguished, straight or bent slightly inward, with hyaline lip-margins, the wall-
cells with a slight spiral turn. Receptacle hyaline or finally yellowish, cells II1 and VI about equal.
Insertion-cell opposite base of perithecium. Outer appendage consisting of a rather small basal cell,
its outer wall blackened, the blackening continuous with the insertion-cell, usually producing distally
two branches, an outer blackened externally or suffused with brown at its base and once branched, and
an inner usually simple and hyaline. he inner appendage consists of a basal cell like that of the outer,
and produces a single branch on either side which may be once branched, all the branchlets of both append-
ages rather stout and stiff, tapering, slightly curved outward, hyaline or becoming dirty yellowish. Peri-
thecia 100-120 X 40-45 yp. Total length to tip of perithecium 240-270 yp; to insertion-cell 140-155 yp.
Appendages, longest 250 p.

On margins of both elytra of a carabid allied to Harpalus, Paris Museum, No. 3, Madagascar.

When young, this species is almost perfectly hyaline, the perithecium as well as the outer edge of the
outer appendage, soon assuming a rich dark brown, abruptly contrasting color. A somewhat similar and
larger form has been examined on H. roninus Bates from Japan, (Berlin Museum No. 1018), but is in
very bad condition. The species is nearly allied to or perhaps identical with certain other forms occurring
on species of Harpalus which have been examined from America and elsewhere, but which are in need of
further study.

LABOULBENIA OpHoni Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 190. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free except at the base, short and stout, pale straw-yellow or nearly hyaline, variably
inflated; the inner margin often strongly convex, the black tip abruptly differentiated on its inner side,
black, contrasting, the lip-edges hyaline, turned slightly outward. Receptacle short, stout, normal, con-
colorous with the perithecium. Insertion-cell black, contrasting. The outer appendage divergent,
simple or once to three times branched, the ultimate branchlets distally attenuated; the inner appendage
consisting of a basal cell half as large as that of the outer, bearing a short branch on either side which
may be several times branched, the antheridia borne in small groups. Spores 28 x 3 4. Perithecia 70 X
30-34 yw. Total length to tip of perithecium 165 y; to insertion-cell 85-100 #; width 40 4. Appendages,
longest 200 yp.

On elytra, inferior thorax and prothorax, and abdomen of Ophonus obscurus Fabr., O. brevicollis
Dej., O. azwreus Fabr., Harpalus neglectus Dej., H. serripes Quensel, IT. sulphuripes Germ., H. tardus
Panz., Dolichos flaviventris Fabr., in Florence Museum collection of Italian Coleoptera. Paris Museum,
on Ophonus sp., No. 37, Algeria. Berlin Museum, on Carterus fulvipes Sardinia.

It has not seemed possible to include this species under any of the various forms known to occur on
Harpali, and their allies; but although the varied material is very constant and readily distinguishable,
the form is a very commonplace one, without marked distinctions. Always short and stout in form,
the insertion-cell, foot and perithecial tip contrasting strongly with the uniform pale transparent yellow
color of the plant asa whole, the inner appendages short, hardly ever extending to the tip of the perithecium,
the outer divergent with two to three tapering branches,

340 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THH LABOULBENIACE.

LABOULBENIA PALLIDA Thaxter. Plate LIV, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 193. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium almost wholly free from the receptacle, colorless becoming faintly yellowish, bent out-
ward at a considerable angle to the axis of the receptacle; the prominent tip abruptly distinguished, coarse
lipped, hyaline except for an inner purplish-black suffusion. Receptacle concolorous with the perithe-
cium, the basal cell large and broad, longer than cell II, the cells of the distal portion relatively small,
cell III roundish, about as large as cells IV and V together. Insertion-cell thick, contrasting purplish
black. Outer appendage consisting of a basal cell, rectangular or distally enlarged and producing usually
two, sometimes but one branch, the branches once or even twice branched, the ultimate branchlets some-
times very elongate and attenuated: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell much smaller than
that of the outer and sometimes lateral in position, bearing one or two branches which may be short or
elongate like those of the outer appendage. Perithecia 70 X 25 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
110-175 p; to insertion-cell 85-120 yw. Appendages, longest 285 yu.

On the elytra of a carabid allied to Harpalus, Paris Museum, No. 94, Java.

This small pale species suggests L. lepida, but is quite distinct. The broad spreading tip of its
perithecium is peculiarly differentiated, and the latter normally projects at an angle to the axis of the
receptacle which is coincident with that of the appendages, as in L. Pseudomasci, a species otherwise
quite different.

LABOULBENIA AEROGENIDII Thaxter. Plate LIV, figs. 4-5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 155. Dec., 1899.

Form short and stout. Perithecium suffused with smoky brown, translucent, becoming distally
rather abruptly subhyaline, contrasting with the abruptly differentiated tip; the latter black-brown,
opaque or nearly so below, the lip-cells usually symmetrical, rounded, spreading broadly and rather
abruptly, the lip-edges translucent; sometimes asymmetrical with the inner lip-cells, only, prominent
and the pore external: the wall-cells with a slight spiral twist. Receptacle hyaline below, becoming
more or less tinged with smoky brown above, especially cells II and IV and the region immediately below
the perithecium; the suffused parts indistinctly punctate. Appendages consisting of two basal cells;
the inner producing two short branches on either side, which usually bear a rather compact cluster of
antheridia; the outer giving rise to from two to four branches placed antero-posteriorly with more or
less regularity, the outer for the most part soon broken and deeply blackened, the rest especially the
outermost more or less suffused with brown, commonly twice branched, above the basal and subbasal
cells, elongate though for the most part broken. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 200-220 p. Ap-
pendages 200-250 p. Perithecium 110-120 * 35-45 yp, the apex reaching a width of 35 p.

Along the margins of the elytra of Hrogenidion Bedeli 'Tsch., Mon-Pin (China ?), Paris, No. 179.

Although closely allied to L. filifera and L. intermedia, this species is strikingly unlike any other
member of the genus by reason of the remarkable conformation of the spreading tip of the perithecium,
which is rendered still more prominent by its opacity. The outer branch of the outer appendage is almost
invariably destroyed in mature individuals; but its form is shown in the young specimen represented in
fig. 5.

LABOULBENIA INTERMEDIA Thaxter. Plate LIV, figs. 2-3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 181. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium about three fourths free, suffused with yellowish brown deeper below the apex, rather
stout, slightly inflated, the apex very broad, rounded, often almost flat, short, wholly blackened, the lips
indistinguishable, the wall-cells with a slight spiral twist. Receptacle short and stout, at first hyaline
below, becoming concolorous with the perithecium. Outer appendage consisting of a rather large sub-
isodiametric cell bearing distally two or three antero-posterior branches, once or twice branched, the
external branchlets brown, basally deeply blackened. Inner appendage consisting of a basal cell similar

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 341

to that of the outer, and producing usually two simple or once branched branches placed antero-posteri-
orly, the ultimate branchlets in both appendages elongate, tapering slightly distally, hyaline. Perithecia
95-105 X 35-40 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, average 190 4; to insertion-cell 120 4. Ap-
pendages, longest 300 yu.

On Anisodactylus tricuspidatus A. Mor., Paris Museum, No. 199, Mon-Pin, (China?). Margin
of the elytra.

This species is nearly allied to L. filifera and L. Arogenidii, representing an intermediate type between
the two. ‘The appendages are practically identical with those of the latter species, while the perithecium,
though peculiar for the irregular bulging of its very blunt tip, is more like the former. ‘The position of
growth is the same in all three species and the hosts are nearly allied.

LABOULBENIA oBptTuSA Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 1.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 189, Dec., 1899.

Perithecium about three fourths free, becoming opaque, black-brown, very stout, the outer margin
slightly and more or less symmetrically convex, the inner bulging prominently distally and curved abruptly
to the brown blunt rounded hardly differentiated apex, the pore external. Receptacle short, cell VI
together with the basal cells of the perithecium concolorous with the latter, becoming indistinguishable;
cell VI extending to or towards the hase of cell II, which is mostly suffused above, hyaline and contrasting
below as is cell I; cells HI and IV with median brown shades. Insertion-cell black-brown. Appendages
hyaline becoming tinged with brown, the outer basal cell twice as long as the inner, each bearing one to
two branches which form a compact group curved toward and against the perithecium. Perithecium
120 X 65 pw. ‘Total length to tip of peritheciuin, average 260 4; to insertion-cell 175 ». Appendages,
broken, 35 u.

On Aerogenidion Bedeli Tsch., Paris Museum, No. 198, Mon-Pin, (China?). On left inferior
margin of prothorax.

This species is most nearly related to L. filifera and L. intermedia, but differs from both in the form
of its stout opaque perithecium. In perfect specimens the appendages are no doubt longer than they
are represented in the figure; but probably do not attain the great length of /filijera, as may be inferred
from the fact that they are strongly curved towards the perithecium.

LABOULBENIA FILIFERA Thaxter.

Specimens apparently identical with the American material have been obtained from the Paris Col-
lection No. 12, on Harpalus aneus from Selenga, Siberia; and in the British Museum No. 617 on Pangus
sp., from Germany. ‘The allied Chinese forms L. obtusa, L. intermedia and L. Avrogenidit have been
referred to above. All of these forms occur on the margin of the elytron, near the middle and towards
the base.

LABOULBENIA CASNONIA Thaxter.

This species appears to be separable from forms of L. polyphaga with which it might be confused,
by its subconical perithecium, simple outer appendage, and more or less copiously branched inner ap-
pendage. Although it is not a well characterized species, it seems best to keep it distinct, at least pro-
visionally. The additional material examined is as follows. British Museum, No. 500 on Ophionea
sp., Adelaide, Australia; No. 499 on Ophionea cyanocephala Fabr., Daccu, India; No. 501 on Casnonia
Pennsylvanica Linn., Ohio. Hope Collection; No. 270 on Homothes elegans Newm., “India,” No. 276;
on Demetrias atricapillus Linn., Morocco; No. 277 on D. imperialis Mey., no locality; No. 346 (bis)
on Dromius longipes Dej., England. ‘The type form has also been collected again by myself on Casnonia
at Kittery Point, Maine. It should be noted that the hosts above enumerated are for the most part nearly

allied.

342 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

LABOULBENIA POLYPHAGA Thaxter.

This variable form, which in its typical condition, is readily distinguished, often appears to approach
so closely to L. flagellata and L. Pterostichi that, as I have mentioned in connection with these species,
I am uncertain whether it should be kept distinct. It is typically small straight and stiff in habit, and
rather slender; the outer appendage erect, or slightly divergent, and often quite simple, or usually but
once branched near its base; the basal cell of the inner appendage bearing two short branches producing
a rather compact group of incurved antheridia, which are not usually associated with any well developed
sterile branches. In this respect it is not unlike some forms of L. Anaplogenii, although the groups of
antheridia are never as dense as in this species, and cell IV of the receptacle never shows the same tendency
to proliferation and division. ‘Though normally a short form, a few which seem otherwise indistinguish-
able, especially from South America, are greatly elongated and very slender, measuring more than 700
in some cases; but such large individuals are, as a rule, readily distinguished from any of the ordinary
types of L. flagellata. Until I can thoroughly revise and illustrate this type of which a large amount of
new material has recently been obtained in South America, the forms below enumerated which have been
examined since the publication of my Monograph may be provisionally assigned to this species.

British Museum: No. 614 on Pelmatellus variipes Bates, Pinchincha, Ecuador; No. 616 on Brady-
cellus puncticollis Coquer., Algeria; No. 681 on Nitobia cupreola Bates, Irazu, Costa Rica; No. 659 on
Loxandrus unistigma Bates, Paso Antonio, Guatemala; No. 683 on Pelmatellus nitescens Bates, Vera
Paz, Guatemala; No. 624 on Argutor vernalis Fabr., Europe; No. 687 on Bradycellus cirewmdatus
Bates, Volean de Chiriqui, Panama; No. 618 on Pangus sp., Venezuela; No. 627 on Platysma sp.,
Lake Huron, North America; No. 723 on Stenognathus quadricollis Chaud., Mexico; No. 685 on
Pelmatellus vexator Bates, Totonicapam, Guatemala; No. 637 on Tropidopterus Duponcheli Solier,
Chile; No. 623 on Abacetus quadraticollis Thom., Old Calabar; No. 724 on Phlewotheratus quadricollis
Chd., Cordova, Mexico; No. 626 on Platyderus calarhoides Dej., Tangier; No. 625 on Argutor elonga-
tus Klg., Europe. Paris Museum: No. 197 on #rogenidion Bedeli Vsch., Mon-Pin, China (?); No.
65 on harpaloid, Venezuela; No. 43 on Bradycellus Lusttanicus Dej., Lusitania; No. 111 on carabid,
Celebes; No. 1a, 1b and No. 2, on Carabide indet., Llanos de Venezuela; No. 64 on carabid indet.,
Venezuela. Hope Collection: No. 325 on carabid indet., Amazon, and No. 341, Brazil. Berlin
Museum: No. 1031 on Antarctia concinna, Lima, Peru; No. 1169 on Lecanomerus obesulus, Greymouth,
New Zealand.

LABOULBENIA Prerosticut Thaxter.

Although the type material of this species, as it occurs for example on P. adowus in New England, is
sufficiently well marked and easily distinguishable from the character of its appendages, the examination
of varied material, which I have provisionally included under L. flagellata and L. polyphaga, lead me to”
believe that the present form might be more properly united with one or both of these species. Yet, as
I have remarked elsewhere, if all the forms which approach perhaps too closely to L. flagellata were to
be united under one “‘species,” such a combination would become far too indefinite and comprehensive,
and would lead to still further combinations and an ever increasing specific chaos. ‘The South American ~
forms that I have provisionally included here, show certain variation from the North American type, and
of forms from the Eastern Hemisphere I should include, somewhat doubtfully however, material on P.
sodalicus Heyd. from Turkestan and on Harpalus sp.? from Japan. It is my purpose to give this species
a thorough revision in connection with its two nearest allies, as soon as I have an opportunity to study
the South American material which I have recently collected. In the interim this species is retained
provisionally, and in addition to the North American forms mentioned in my Monograph the following
South American ones may be provisionally added. On Pterolepta sp., British Museum No. 629; Hope
Collection; No. 336 on Orizabus calipilatus Columbia; No. 344 on Pterolepta sp. Columbia: Paris
Collection No. 148 on Pterolepta (Orizabus) sp. Columbia: Berlin Museum No. 931 on Physomerus
porosus, New Grenada.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 343

LABOULBENIA PsEupomaAsc! 'Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 196. Dee., 1899.

Perithecia dark rich brown, slightly and rather evenly inflated, relatively large divergent, free from
the receptacle except at the very base; the broad opaque tip hardly differentiated, the lip-edges nearly
hyaline, not prominent, turned slightly outward. Receptacle colorless or yellowish below, distally brown-
ish, slender, its axis coincident with that of the appendages; cell I usually larger and longer than cell II,
the rest of the receptacle relatively unusually small, the inner margin of cell V partly free from the perithe-
cium. Insertion-cell free, black. Outer appendage consisting of a basal cell several times longer than
it is broad, which may branch above its basal or subbasal cell one to three times successively, the branch-
lets divergent; the inner appendage consisting of a much shorter basal cell bearing one or rarely two
branches, sometimes simple, mostly one to three times branched, all the branches becoming more or less
suffused with brown. Spores about 65 X 45 yp. Perithecia 120-165 60 yw. Total length to tip of
perithecium 225-300 yw; to insertion-céll 170-240 p. Appendages, longest 100 y..

On Pseudomascus nigrita, Fab., Paris Museum, No. 201, Mongolia. Near upper inferior margin
of prothorax on left side.

This species recalls L. wmbonata in its habit of growth, the axis of the receptacle being coincident
with that of the appendages, the perithecium being laterally inserted at an angle of 45° or more, the outer
appendage often unbranched, except distally, and the basal cell of the inner appendage giving rise, as a
rule, to one branch only. ‘The abrupt enlargement of cell I, immediately below cell II, and the form and
contrasting coloration of the perithecium, are also characteristic.

LABOULBENIA OopTert Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 12.
Proe. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 190. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium three fourths or more free, translucent blackish brown, the inner margin evenly curved
outward, the outer margin with slight elevations at the septa and curved abruptly inward to form the
well differentiated tip which is pale brownish, with dark inferior suffusions. Receptacle concolorous
with the perithecium, except that cells I and I are usually hyaline, the suffused portions sparsely, rather
coarsely and distinctly punctate. Insertion-cell broad and black. Basal cell of the outer appendage
for the most part very long, simple or usually bearing distally an outer and an inner branch sometimes
three, the former with blackened basal septum, simple, or once branched, in which case the basal septum
of the outer branchlet is also blackened. Inner appendage consisting of a very small basal cell bearing
a short branch on either side. Perithecia 95-110 XK 30-85 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 175-
275 m; to insertion-cell 85-160 ». Appendage broken, 200 4, probably much longer.

On elytra of Oopterus rotundicollis White, Brit. Mus. No. 613; Sharp Coll. No. 1161, on Cyclothorax
insularis, New Zealand.

This species is distinguished by the enlargement and elongation of the basal cell of the outer append-
age which may be much broadened distally, so as to become triangular in outline; and though it more
commonly bears two terminal branches, as in fig. 12, and is sometimes not even once proliferous, it may
become twice proliferous, so that three closely set branches arise from it in radial succession, each of
which may branch above its basal cell. The outer branch is always distinguished by a black septum,
and its outer branchlet is similarly distinguished and more or less distinctly edged externally with black.
The figure was drawn from the material on Oopterus. I shall endeavor in a future publication to illustrate
this species more fully from the Cyclothorax material which is in good condition and sufficiently abundant.
The species appears to be allied to L. bidentata and L. Coptee, but is readily separated from either.

LABOULBENIA CopTtem Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 167. Dec., 1899.

Form slender. Perithecium free, except the base, nearly straight, curved outward slightly at the tip,
which is blackish with hyaline lip-edges; dull translucent olive-brown, concolorous with the receptacle,

344 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE,

or with the basal wall-cells nearly hyaline. Receptacle slender, bulging slightly at the base of the perithe-
cium, cell II narrower distally than cell I, the base of which is hyaline. Outer appendage consisting of
a basal cell several times as long as broad, hyaline, externally suffused, usually curved strongly outward,
constricted distally at the deeply suffused septum, the subbasal cell abruptly narrower and shorter, usually
terminated by two branchlets, the outer distinguished by a dark septum. Inner appendage consisting of
a small basal cell bearing a short branch on either side, distinguished by a blackened septum, simple or
once branched, usually not longer than the perithecium. Perithecium 120-140 X 35 y. ‘Total length to
tip of perithecium 340-470 4; to insertion-cell 220-300 yw. Appendages (longest) 400 yu.

On Coptea armata Lup., Brit. Mus. No. 595, Santarem, Amazon River, Brazil. On elytra and
superior prothorax.

This species is readily distinguished from allied forms by the blackened septa which separate the
basal cell of the inner appendage from its branches, a condition seen in no other species of the same gen-
eral type. ‘The types are in good condition and show little variation.

LABOULBENIA BIDENTATA Thaxter. Plate LIII, figs. 18-20.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 161. December, 1899.

Uniformly pale dirty brown. Perithecium rather darker, free, except at its base; somewhat inflated
below, tapering symmetrically from the extremity of the basal wall-cells to the rather narrow apex; the
two inner lip-cells suffused with blackish brown and projecting beyond the others to form two blunt promi-
nences, their tips hyaline, contrasting. Receptacle rather short and stout, uniform pale dirty brown,
inconspicuously striate punctate with minute somewhat darker points, the lower part of the small basal
cell mostly hyaline. Outer appendage consisting of a basal cell several times as large and long as that of
the inner, giving rise to an inner (lower) and an outer branch the latter distinguished by a horizontal black
septum, its basal cell somewhat rounded and giving rise distally to an outer and an inner branchlet, each
commonly once branched, the outer deeply blackened at the base (usually broken): the inner appendage
consisting of a basal cell which bears a branch on either side which may be twice branched, hyaline, bear-
ing solitary antheridia laterally. Spores 50 X 4 yw. Perithecia 115-130 X 45 w. ‘Total length to tip of
perithecium 220-270 y; to insertion-cell 135-150 4. Greatest breadth 70 yp.

On elytra of Homothis sp., St. George’s Sound, Australia, Hope Coll., No. 309.

Although this species appears at first sight to be a very ordinary type of the polyphaga group, the
conformation at the tip of the symmetrically inflated perithecium, due to the peculiar form of the lip-cells
is quite unlike that of any other species, and serves as an absolute distinction.

LABOULBENIA PEDICILLATA Thaxter.

Specimens of the short stout form of this species have been obtained from Bembidium nigrum Dej.,
South America, in the Berlin Museum, No. 869; and a group of individuals, which I am unable to sepa-
rate specifically, was found at the tips of the elytra on a specimen of Dyschirius thoracicus Rossi, from

Jurope, in the same collection, No. 893. A figure of this form on Dyschirius is given on Plate LVI,
fig. 11. A somewhat more elongate form was also found on Dyschirius globosus Herbst, from England
in the Hope Collection, No. 349.

LABOULBENIA FLAGELLATA Peyritsch.
L. elongata Thaxter, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXIV, p. 10, 1890.

There can I think be little doubt that the form which I have described as L. elongata should be re-
ferred to Peyritsch’s species since, although I have as yet seen no specimens on species of Bembidium,
the form which generally occurs on European Anchomeni cannot be separated from the American mate-
rial. It appears to be the common type on Anchomeni the world over, and is subject even in its more
typical conditions to very considerable variations in form, size, color and in the characters of its append-
ages. A comparison, moreoyer, with the varied material which I have included under L. polyphaga

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/:. 345

and L. Plerostichi, make me feel very doubtful whether it would not be better to unite all three forms
under one protean species. Yet until I have examined more material, and especially have had an oppor-
tunity to study the large collections obtained during a recent journey in South America which are not yet
available for examination, it seems best to retain these three names provisionally. What I have formerly
spoken of as the “‘flagellata” type, is one about which are clustered a large number of undoubtedly dis-
tinct forms, which may occasionally, or even frequently, present variations which, in the absence of other
data, could not possibly be separated from conditions of the present species. This is true for example
in the case of L. Brachini which, in its typical condition is, however, one of the most readily recog-
nizable species.

What the type form of L. flagellata really is, it is not possible to determine from the insufficient de-
scription of Peyritsch, or from the diagrammatic figures which accompany it, and it is not improbable
that the form said to occur on Bembidiuwm may be specifically distinct from those on Anchomenus; although,
as far as can be determined from the figure of the former, it does not differ from the anchomenoid type.

Among the more striking forms which, from their variations toward this type, I have been reluctant
to separate specifically, those occurring on Anchomeni (Platynus) in New Zealand deserve special mention.
The typical forms of this race are very striking, and would be without hesitation specifically separated from
the more typical conditions of L. flagellata: yet its variations are such that I am at present unable to
separate it from certain Asiatic and South American material, and it is therefore included provisionally
under the present species.

Until I am able to make an extended revision of these forms and illustrate them adequately the
following additional material which has been accumulated since the publication of my Monograph may
be provisionally included under the present species.

British Museum: No. 416 on Anchomenus debilis Woll., Canaries; No. 415 on A. Nicholsi Woll.,
Canaries; No. 634 on Platynus alacer Boh., Natal, Africa; No. 633 on Antisphodrus cavicola Schaum.,
Carniola, Austria; No. 632 on A. longicollis Boh., Carniola; No. 414 on Calathus carinatus Brullé, Tene-
riffe; No. 416 on Argutor angularis Br., Teneriffe; No. 631 on Pseudopristonychus cimmerius Steph.,
South Russia; No. 728 on Coptodera Championi Bates, Bugaba, Panama; No. 635 on Pleurosoma sul-
catum Guer., Columbia; No. 697 on Colpodes melanocnemis Chd., Guatemala City, Guatemala; No.
698 on Colpodes atratus Chaud., Irazu, Costa Rica; No. 418 on Dichirotrichus levistriatus Woll., Canaries;
No. 701 on Onypterigia pusilla Chaud., Jalapa, Mexico; No. 680 on Notiobia luroides Bates, British
Honduras.

Florence Museum: No. (a) on Pristonychus punctulatus Dej., Naples; No. (d) on Platynus albipes
Fabr., Florence ?; No. 1 on Argutor interstinctus Sturm., Florence: No. (m) on Pristonychus Algerinus
Gory, Sardinia; No. (f) on Platynus lugens Duft., Piedmont; No. (c) on P. dorsalis Mull., Florence (?)

Paris Museum: No. 181 on Antisphodrus Aeacus Miller, Cave of Narente, Dalmatia; No. 182 on
A. Eberi Sch., same locality; No. 182b on A. cavicola Sch., Istria; No. 131 on Platynus?, Sikkim, India;
No. 120 on Platynus sp. (?) New Zealand (?); No. 123 on Anchomenus deplanatus White, New Zealand;
No. 158 on Notonomus variicollis Chd., Australia; No. 195 on Rhagodus levipunctatus, Pekin, China.

Berlin Museum: No. 1041 on Colpodes ruficeps MacLeay, Ceylon; No. 1034 on Lipterus microce-
phalus Motsch. Japan; No. 1035 on Anchomenus validus, New Grenada; No. 1038 on Megalonychus
sp., Port Natal, Africa; No. 1046 on Acanthogenius asteriscus Hope, Hong Kong; No. 1036 on Ancho-
menus oblongus Fabr., Europe; No. 1042 on Colpodes reflexus Chaud., Columbia; No. 1044 on C. atratus
Chd., Bogota, No. 1043 on C. sulcatus Chd., New Grenada. Sharp Collection; No. 1143 on Antispho-
drus Fairmeri Sch., Spanish Caves; No. 1166 on Anchomenus Faradayi Bates, New Zealand (typical);
No. 1160 on Dichochile subopacum, New Zealand; No. 1162 on Anchomenus Otagoensis Bates, New
Zealand; No. 1163 on A. montivagus Bates; N. Zealand; No. 1164 on A. latipennis, Aukland, N. Z.;
No. 1165 on A. Helusi Sharp, Greymouth, N. Z.

Hope Collection; No. 275 on Onypterygia purpuratus Bogota; No. 352 on Stomis punicatus Pz.,

346 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

England, No. 351 (a) on Platynus “levis Mull.,” England; No. 351 (b) P. dorsalis Mull., England;
No. 351 (c) on P. dorsalis Miill., Italy. No. 351 (d) on P. oblongus Fab., Italy; No. 313 ? Diorichodorus,
Pes Jee

LABOULBENIA PARVULA Thaxter.

Specimens apparently belonging to this species were found on Pelmatellus obtusus Bates Brit. Mus.
No. 684. Ostuacan, (?), Mexico.

LABOULBENIA THNODEM& Thaxter. Plate LVIII, fig. 13.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 204. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium nearly free, slightly inflated, clear translucent brown; the tip well differentiated, exter-
nally black with an inner inferior hyaline patch, the lips well distinguished hyaline, the inner very promi-
nent, rounded, the pore external. Receptacle long and slender through the elongation of cell I, pale
dirty yellowish brown or nearly hyaline. Insertion-cell-large, free, blackish, slightly narrower than cells
IV + V. Appendages concolorous with the receptacle, the outer consisting of a large basal cell which
bears distally as a rule two antero-posterior branches; the inner simple, the outer furcate above its basal
cell; the branches stout, slightly tapering, elongate, the inner erect, the outer divergent; its branchlets
curving upward: the inner appendage consisting of a much smaller basal cell, rounded and bearing one
or two short branchlets. Spores about 70 X 5 yw. Perithecia 125-155 & 35-50 yp. ‘Total length to tip
of perithecium 400-650 4; to insertion-cell 300-400 4. Appendages, longest about 600 y.

On the elytra and superior prothorax of Ta@nodema sp., Brit. Mus. No. 391 and Sharp Coll. No. 1152
on T. cinerea Sharp, Ega, Amazon.

Thirty individuals of this species which have been examined vary very slightly, and for the most
part only in size, the appendages being constant in their characters as represented in fig. 13. The peri-
thecium is practically free and almost symmetrically inflated. The tip almost neck-like, the black and
hyaline parts sharply contrasting. I was at first inclined to consider this one of the many varieties, per-
haps better assembled under one name, which are included in L. flagellata and L. Pterostichi; but further
comparison leads me to believe that it should be kept distinct. The hosts belong to a remarkable and very
beautiful genus of large tree living Staphylinide inhabiting tropical South America.

LABOULBENIA UNCINATA Thaxter. Plate LXI, fig. 13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 208. Dec., 1899.

Pale yellowish, becoming tinged with pale reddish yellow. Perithectum more than one half free,.
relatively large, stout, nearly oblong, the black tip recurved externally through the rounded upgrowth
of the inner distal portion of the perithecium which makes them almost lateral in position, the right lateral
lip-cell often twice as long as the others and more prominently recurved, its projecting portion the branch-
lets short, translucent, rounded. Receptacle medium, normal. Appendages normal, rather short, several
times branched, the cells rather short stiff, divergent and somewhat tapering. Spores 50 X 3.5 yw. Peri-
thecium (not including lip-cells) 120 < 62 y. Total length to tip of perithecium 100-120 ; to insertion-
cell 72-92 ». Appendages (longest) 40 p. .

At base of anterior legs of Harpalus eneus Fabr., Selenga, Siberia, Paris Mus. No. 12, and of Har-
palus viridianeus Beauv., Cape Neddock, Maine, collected by Mr. Charles Bullard.

This species is well distinguished from L. macrotheca, to which it seems to be more nearly related,
by the repeated branching of its short stiff tapering divergent branches, and by the peculiar modification
of its lip-cells, which is exactly the same both in the Siberian and American material. The accompanying
figure is drawn from specimens obtained by Mr. Bullard from a species of Harpalus the determination
of which as given above is not certain.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 347

LABOULBENIA MacrotHeca Thaxter.

Typical specimens of this form were found in the Paris Museum No. 13; on Anisodactylus (or
Harpalus ?) from Selenga, Siberia. On Harpalus viridieneus Beauy., Bathurst, N. B. (Dr. Richards).
The Siberian and American specimens of this coarse tipped, straw yellow form are identical and indicate
that it is a species of constant characters.

LABOULBENIA PLatyprosopr Thaxter. Plate LV, fig. 6.
Proce. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 51. June, 1902.

Uniform transparent pale reddish amber, the cell-walls very thick. Perithecium straight, wholly
or nearly free, erect, the margins slightly convex; of nearly equal diameter throughout to the rather
abruptly differentiated short erect blackish tip; the hyaline lip-edges outwardly oblique: the base some-
times abruptly broader than the ascigerous portion. Cells I-VI of the receptacle not differing very
greatly in length, except cell V, which is relatively large; cells III and VI paired; cell IV prominent
externally below the thin contrasting distinctly reddish insertion-cell. The appendages quite hyaline,
the basal cell of the outer several times larger than that of the inner, and bearing two to four branches in
an antero-posterior series; the basal cells of which usually bear each a pair of branchlets in the same
plane: the small basal cell of the inner appendage producing a branch on either side bearing branchlets
similar to those of the outer appendage; the antheridia crowded on special branchlets, curved hyaline,
small and closely appressed. Spores about 55 X 5y. Perithecia 150-185 X 36-45. Receptacle
150-220 X 60-70 . Appendages, longest, 360 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, 275-350 yu.

On the elytra and abdomen of Platyprosopus Beduinus Nordm.; Berlin Museum, No. 810; Nubia.

This pale form was found in numbers and in good condition on the large Staphylinid above men-
tioned. Though it possesses no very marked individuality, it is easily distinguished by its relatively short
and broad receptacle, cells III and VI of which are almost equal, though cell III may be slightly the
longer of the two. The perithecium, which is usually straight and relatively long, is often set on the
receptacle a little within the external margin and, as in L. Anaplogenit, the insertion-cell has a charac-
teristic red-brown or claret-colored tint.

LABOULBENIA ANCHONODERI Thaxter. Plate LV, figs. 10-11.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 156. Dec., 1899.

Pale amber-yellow, perithecium slightly darker, about two thirds free, the inner lip-cells suffused
below with blackish brown, an external prominence involves the upper portion of the subbasal and lower
portions of the subterminal wall-cells, forming, in the specimens from A. subeneus, an abruptly defined
hunch. Receptacle normal, the basal and subbasal cells usually slender and somewhat darker, the sub-
basal more distinctly marked with fine transverse striations which are less distinct on the cells above it.
Appendages concolorous, the outer simple (always ?), the inner consisting of a basal cell similar to that
of the outer, about twice as long as broad, giving rise on either side to a single branch which may be once
branched above its basal cell; all the branches somewhat flexed. Insertion-cell red-brown or purplish,
more or less oblique through the upgrowth of cell V. Spores about 45-48 . Perithecia (larger) 185 X
48 pt, average 125 X 48 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 275-500 y (longest 535 4). Appendages
about 200 pu.

On the elytra of Anchonoderus subeneus Reiche, San Felix, Panama, and A. binotatus Reiche, Guate-
mala City, Brit. Mus. (Biologia coll.), Nos. 706 and 707. On A. pallipes Reich., New Grenada, Berlin
Museum No. 1026, var. on A. rugosws Dej., Columbia, Berlin Museum No. 1025.

Although this species is subject to considerable variation, it is usually easily recognizable by its red-
dish to claret-colored insertion-cell, which is carried out free from the perithecium, as a rule, by the en-
largement of cell V. The subterminal external, often somewhat angular, hunch of the perithecium is
sometimes wholly absent, but is usually well marked. A variety on A. rugosus (Berlin Museum No.
1025) has the subbasal cell of the outer appendage suffused with deep red brown. The material on
A. subeneus is taken as the type.

348 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

LAROULBENIA ANAPLOGENII Thaxter. Plate LV, figs. 4-5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 156. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium nearly hyaline or pale yellowish, becoming tinged with pale amber-brown, stout, free
except at its base, the outer margin mostly straight, the inner convex; the tip rather small and abruptly
distinguished, blackish except the hyaline lip-margins. Receptacle concolorous with the perithecium,
rather short and stout, cell V relatively large, cell IV divided by transverse septa into from two to several
superposed cells, usually extending upward beyond the insertion-cell, thus forming a blunt outgrowth
external to it. Insertion-cell red-brown to claret-colored. Basal cells of the appendages nearly equal,
each producing as a rule two similar branches antero-posteriorly, once or twice branched im the same
plane, the branchlets rather elongate and slender, concolorous with the receptacle. Perithectum 140-155
< 50-55 pw. Spores 50 X 4.5 w. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 300-400 y, to insertion-cell 200—
240 pw, greatest width 50-70 ». Appendages, longest 600 ”u, average 300 yu.

On the elytra of Anaplogenius cireumcinctus Moh., Brit. Mus. Nos. 622 and 665, China: on Abacetus
costatus Ceylon; Berlin Museum No. 903: A. rubripes, ? France, Berlin Museum No. 905; Abacetus sp.
Bengal, Berlin Museum No. 904; on Agonoderus pallipes Fabr., New England. Stenolophus fuliginosus
Dej., Cambridge, Mass. Also immature material of apparently the same species on an undetermined
Carabid, Paris Museum, No. 4, from Madagascar.

Allide to L. polyphaga, but distinguished by its pale yellow color and the tendency of cell IV to be-
come septate and proliferous. Many specimens occur, however, in which the receptacle is normal. The
antheridia are often greatly multiplied; but the numerous antheridial branches may be replaced, espe-
cially in the Asiatic material, by numerous elongate sterile branches. No. 665, on Anaplogenius from
China, has been taken as the type (fig. 4). A remarkably well developed form from the Cambridge
region is represented in fig. 5. The species resembles L. Anchonoderi and L. Platyprosopi in having
a red insertion-cell.

LABOULBENIA VERRUCOSA Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 16.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 209. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium becoming deeply suffused with smoky brown, straight, the line of demarcation between
the subterminal and subbasal wall-cells indicated by a more or less well defined ridge forming a rather
prominent external hunch in this region, above which the perithecium is abruptly contracted, almost at
right angles in the type, below the rather narrow nearly erect tip, the lip-cells black below, with the broadly
hyaline edges turned obliquely outward. Receptacle dirty yellow-brown, becoming more or less suffused
with smoky brown, especially the two basal cells, and covered with irregular wart-like prominences which
are more or less definitely arranged in transverse rows. Appendages of ordinary type, the outer once to
twice branched, the inner consisting of a smaller basal cell giving rise on either side to single branches
which may be from once to three times branched; all the branches divergent, pale dirty yellowish with
brown shades above the lower septa. Perithecia 150-170 X 45-50 4. Total length to tip of perithecium
550-610 4; to insertion-cell 430-480 p. Appendages (longest) 400 ps.

On the elytra of a carabid allied to Platynus, Hope Coll. No. 342 (without label) and U. S. Nat. Mu-
seum, No. 7, Mt. Coffee, Liberia, Africa.

The specimens from Mt. Coffee are paler than those from the Hope Collection, the perithecitum
being concolorous with the dirty amber receptacle, the subterminal ridge and external hunch alone being
darker colored. The species is nearly allied to some large forms of L. flagellata. Its corrugated surface
recalls Z. notata, but the two are not nearly allied.

LABOULBENIA SPIRALIS Thaxter. Plate LVIII, fig. 1.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 202. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium one half to one third (sometimes only the tip), free from the receptacle, dark dull amber-
brown with dirty brown suffusions, rather stout, the tip moderately well distinguished, rather short and

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ, 349

stout, deep black-brown, except the distal hyaline lip-edges. Distal portion of the receptacle concolorous
with the perithecitum; cells Iand II much paler; cell I longer than cell I, the two forming a rather slender
stalk of about the same diameter throughout, above which the distal portion of the receptacle is somewhat
abruptly distinguished; the lighter portions marked by fine transverse striations not visible in the deeply
colored often opaque distal region. Outer appendage consisting of a main straight divergent axis formed
by usually three nearly equal cells, deeply blackened externally, bearing distally and from each of their
upper inner angles, a very long slender erect simple branch, which is reddish brown, paler and spirally
twisted distally. The inner appendage consisting of a basal cell about as large as that of the outer append-
age and bearing on either side a branch which may give rise to one or two erect simple branchlets similar
to the branches of the outer appendage. Perithecia about 150 X 55 yw. Total length to tip of perithe-
cium 300-390 y; to insertion-cell 275-325 p. Appendages, longest 480-610 yp.

On Hexagon sp. ?, Hope Coll., No. 288, Ceylon (Thwaites) on Hellwodes Nebrioides Nietn., Berlin
Museum, No. 1050, Ceylon.

This species appears to suggest a transitional type between L. flagellata, or some of its forms, and
L. Helluodis which it approaches in the character of its appendages. The branches of the latter are
remarkably developed, and although in the material from Helluodes they are mostly broken, the spiral
twist of the extremities seems characteristic of this as well as of the type material, supposed to have occurred
on Hexagonia, although the determination in the last instance was uncertain.

LABOULBENIA CEYLONENSIS Thaxter. Plate LVIII, figs. 9-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 164. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium wholly free, suffused with smoky brown, relatively short and small, straight, hardly in-
flated, somewhat abruptly contracted distally to form the unusually large broad tip, the distal half of
which is hyaline, distinguished from the opaque black lower half by a clean cut line of demarcation: the
basal cells forming a short stout hyaline neck narrower than the body of the perithecium. Receptacle
elongate, of nearly the same diameter throughout, the basal cell nearly hyaline, the cells above it more or
less deeply suffused with smoky brown, cell V and the upper portion of cells IV and VII hyaline, the distal
suffused portion obscurely punctate. Outer appendage consisting of a basal cell deeply blackened exter-
nally (the blackened area continuous with the black insertion-cell and involving also the external walls
of the two cells immediately above it) producing from one to three branches arranged antero-posteriorly,
which may be once or twice branched in a similar fashion, the branchlets long, slender, drooping, hyaline,
some of the lower cells suffused with reddish brown: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell about
half as large as that of the outer, producing in the types a single branch which may be once branched as
in the outer. Perithecium 105 X 32 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 445 y; to insertion-cell 320 y.
Greatest breadth 42 4. Appendages 340 y.

On Hexagonia?, Ceylon, Hope Coll. No. 288. On elytra.

This singular species, which belongs to the group in which L. Helluodis, L. spiralis and L. Planetis
are associated, is remarkable for its relatively very small perithecium, which is combined with a large
elongate, almost isodiametrie receptacle. The four types examined are in moderately good condition
and show no essential variations.

LABOULBENIA FLACCIDA Thaxter. Plate LVIII, fig. 5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 37. June, 1902.

Perithecium free except at its base, brown, straight, slightly inflated below, tapering evenly to the
broad blunt apex; the tip scarcely if at all distinguished, marked by darker shades; the lips coarse, form-
ing slight irregular projections. Receptacle yellowish or nearly hyaline, becoming slightly tinged with
brownish and faintly punctate above the basal cell, which, as well as the subbasal, is relatively large, the
two subequal, usually more or less abruptly distinguished from the broader compact portion, the cells of
which are relatively small, the upper half or less of cell IV free, projecting externally to the insertion cell,

350 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEX.

which is rather small and thick; deep, slightly reddish, brown, the deep suffusion continuous with a
corresponding external coloration of the basal cell of the outer appendage and the three to four lower cells
of the outer branch, which arises from it and which curves more or less strongly outward; the distal por-
tion curved upward, hyaline, tapering, flaccid, each of the suffused cells giving rise distally, from the inner
side, to a more or less erect, simple (or the lower sometimes furcate) hyaline branchlet, the lower cells of
which are rather long and slender, inflated; the distal portion tapering, thin-walled, usually becoming
flaccid; the inner branch of the appendage furcate above its erect basal cell, the branchlets divergent and
similar to those of the outer branch, or short and bearing antheridia usually in pairs; the inner appendage
consisting of a basal cell about as large as the outer, bearing a hyaline branch on either side which is usu-
ally fureate above its basal cell, the branchlets similar to those of the outer appendage. Spores about
40 X 4. Perithecia 80-90 X 25-30 ». Receptacle 90-125 ». Appendages 150-200 ». Total length
to tip of perithecium 175-220 pu.

On legs of Casnonia subdistincta Chaud.; British Museum, Biologia Collection, No. 704. (Mexico ?)

This species is in some respects not unlike L. Casnonia. Its appendages, however, belong to the
type illustrated by L. Planetis and L. Helluodis, and easily distinguish it from any of the forms of L.
polyphaga, or of other species with which it might possibly be confused.

LABOULBENIA STOMONAXI Thaxter. Plate LIV, fig. 16-17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 54. June, 1902.

Perithecium hyaline, becoming tinged with brown, less than one half free; short, the outer margin
nearly straight, bending rather abruptly inward at the tip; the inner margin converging to the apex from
its point of union with cell V; the tip rather abruptly distinguished, broad; the apex nearly flat, the lips
hardly prominent. Receptacle yellowish or hyaline, with faint brownish shades; the basal cell usually
bent, the subbasal with deeper brown suffusions; cell III more or less deeply suffused with brown, its
thick outer wall opaque or nearly so; cells III and IV subequal, several times longer than broad; cell V
long-triangular. Insertion-cell thick, black, contrasting, wholly free, separated from the perithecium
by nearly the whole upper margin of cell V. Outer appendage curved strongly outward, hyaline on its
inner side, deeply suffused on the outer concave side, the suffusion continuous with the insertion-cell;
consisting of a small number of cells, the basal relatively long, the rest producing suberect hyaline branch-
lets distally on the upper side: basal cell of the inner appendage smaller, the subbasal cell usually bearing
two branchlets. Spores 50 X 5y. Perithecia 65 X 25 yw. Receptacle 100-110 4. Appendages 50-75 ps
approximately. Total length to tip of perithecium 130-140.

On the margin of the left elytron of Stomonaxus sp., Java; Paris Museum, No. 93.

In the types of this small and peculiar species, the appendages are more or less broken, even in the
youngest specimens. It is distinguished by the conformation of the distal portion of the receptacle, and
the deep lateral suffusion of the latter, as well as by the entire absence of suffusions even at the tip of
its perithecium. The spores are large for so small a form, nearly equalling the perithecium in length.
It does not appear to be nearly related to any other described species.

LABOULBENIA Hetiuopis Thaxter. Plate LVIII, figs. 11-12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. Vol. XX XVIII, p. 41. June, 1902.

Perithecium becoming rich brown, free, usually somewhat broader distally, slightly inflated; the
basal-cells forming a clearly defined, somewhat constricted, short neck; the tip abruptly distinguished,
went very slightly outward, opaque except the broadly hyaline or subhyaline, broadly rounded lips. Basal
cell of receptacle hyaline or subhyaline, inflated, broader than, and contrasting with, the opaque sub-
basal cell, which is of about equal length and forms a constricted region; the distal portion of the re-
ceptacle small, rather abruptly broader, sub-triangular, the external margins even; cells III, IV and VI
subequal, more or less deeply suffused with brown; cells III and IV more deeply suffused externally, about
half the upper margin of cell IV free and forming a distinct prominence external to the jet black insertion

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 351

cell; cell V small and roundish, the dark portions indistinctly punctate. Outer appendage consisting of
a divergent main axis of three cells, broadly and deeply blackened externally and at the septa; the two
lower bearing a single, usually simple, divergent branch distally from the inner side; the upper bearing
two such branches terminally, the outer deeply suffused with blackish brown, especially toward its base,
and directly continuous with the suffused portion of the main axis; the basal cell of the inner appendage
half as large as that of the outer, giving rise to a rather short simple branch on either side, or often itself
simple, bearing one or two solitary antheridia near its base. Spores about 85 X 5 py. Perithecia 150-
165 X 40-55 mw including the stalk (20 4). Receptacle 185-220 X 60 yw. Longest appendages 290 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecium 360 y.

On Helluodes Nebrioides Nietn., Ceylon; Berlin Museum, No. 1050.

This striking species seems most nearly related to L. Ceylonensis, L. spiralis and L. Planetis, the ap-
pendages of which are very similar. Its typical form illustrated in fig. 11, is very clearly distinguished
by its free perithecium, and the peculiar conformation and coloration of the receptacle. ‘The types were
associated with a few mostly broken specimens of L. spiralis which, however, is distinguished from it by
the form and coloration of the perithecium and receptacle, and the relation which the former bears to the
latter.

LABOULBENIA PuiaNneTis Thaxter. Plate LVIII, fig. 6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 50. June, 1902.

Perithecium large and stout, clear transparent brown, except the subhyaline base, which is separated
by a more or less clean-cut line of demarcation; the wall-cells with a slightly spiral twist, the tip abruptly
distinguished, symmetrical or nearly so, black, except the evenly rounded subhyaline symmetrical lip-
edges. Receptacle rather slender, subhyaline with pale brownish shades; cell II twice as long as the
basal cell; cell IV bulging rather prominently externally and more deeply suffused with brown. ‘The
insertion-cell deep black, broad, thick. The appendages erect, their branches curved toward the perithe-
cium: outer appendage normally consisting of a main axis of three superposed cells, externally broadly
blackened, the blackening involving the septa and adjacent external portions of the cells; the distal cell
bearing three branches; an outer and an inner simple, and a median one, once branched, the outer deeply
suffused about its base, which forms a direct continuation of the suffused external area of the main axis;
the remaining cells each producing a usually simple branch distally on its inner side; all the branches
long, slender, distally thin-walled and hyaline, curved toward the perithecium, the lower somewhat con-
stricted, and more or less deeply suffused at the lower septa: basal cell of the inner appendage half as
large as that of the outer, bearing a branch on either side, from the basal cells of which arise often two
branchlets, similar to those of the outer appendage. Spores 65 X 5 uw. Perithecia 155-165 & 55-60 yp.
Receptacle 290 4. Appendages 360-435 y. Total length to tip of perithecium 400-425 pu.

On the thorax of Planetes bimaculatus MacLeay, Java; Berlin Museum, No. 1047.

A beautiful species, closely allied to ZL. Helluodis, but having a very different receptacle and perithe-
cium. ‘Three specimens, only, have been examined, two of which are in nearly perfect condition.

LaBouLBENIA RovuGetit Robin.
L, Europea Thaxter.

It seems quite certain that what I previously described as L. Europea is in reality the species figured
by Robin, although the plates are quite misleading, apparently representing individuals in which the
appendages have become more or less abnormal through injury. So large a number of European
Brachini have been examined, however, on which L. “ Europaea” is the common species, that there seems
no question as to the correctness of the reference.

The typical form, as it occurs on Brachinus, and also on A ptinus, Leistus and Chlenius, is distinguished
by its almost obconical receptacle, which is relatively broad distally; the form of the perithecium, which
normally tapers very evenly from its base to the blunt apex, the outer and inner margins often nearly

Bt p4 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACES.

straight; the character of the outer appendage, which is more or less deeply suffused toward the base and
from the basal or subbasal cells of which, sometimes from both, arise simple, more or less rigid branches
of variable length, tapering and rather slender; the normal color of the receptacle and perithecium is a
characteristic red amber-brown, which may often be obscured by smoky brown shades. Some South
African and Madagascar specimens are uniformly pale yellowish, sometimes without any suffusions, even
in the appendages, and closely resemble the simple types of L. Brachini which replaces L. Rougetii on
these hosts in the western hemisphere.

Two varieties on Brachini from the Orient are distinguished below. Exclusive of these, the material
examined of this species is as follows: Paris Museum No. 30 on Brachinus sp., Algeria; No. 35 on Chle-
nius eneocephalus Dej., Algeria; No. 61 on Brachinus nigricornis Gebl., Asia; No. 62 on Brachinus
sp., Africa; No. 129 on Brachinus sp., Turkestan; No. 196 on Chlenius gracilicollis, Turkestan (also
from British Museum No. 596). British Museum No. 532 on Aptinus sp., Port Natal, Africa; No. 538
on B. exhalans Rossi, Athens, Greece; No. 542 on Brachinus sp., Cape of Good Hope. Hope Collection
No. 242 on Aptinus Italicus, Rome; No. 243 on A. Boeticus. Andalusia, Spain; No. 246 on A. displosor
Dufour, Spain; No. 251 on B. angustatus Dej., Morocco; No. 326 on Chlanius Mediterraneus; No. 327
on Leistus preustus Fabr. = rufescens Fabr. (no locality); No. 347 on B. crepitans Linn., England:
Berlin Museum No. 979 on B. humeralis Ahr., France; No. 984 on B. ei Erichs., Angola, Africa;
No. 986 on B. Bayardi Dej., Bagdad; No. 987 on B. bipustulatus Quens., Caucasus; No. 988 on B. cyani-
pennis, and No. 989 on B. ruficeps Fabr., Cape of Good Hope.

The following varieties occurring on the larger oriental species of Brachini may be distinguished.

Var. Chinensis nov. var. This form which is common on various oriental species of Brachinus,
is distinguished by its large size, 450 y to the tip of its perithecium, and the luxuriant development of its
several times divaricately branched appendages which may measure more than 450 4. The general color
and form of the receptacle are as in the type, the perithecium more distinctly inflated as shown in fig. 8,
Plate LV, which is much reduced.

On B. Chinensis Chaud., British Museum 536, China; Hope Collection, No. 244, Hong Kong;
Paris Collection No. 59 Macao, China; Berlin Museum No. 997, Hong Kong. On Brachinus sp. British
Museum No. 539, China.

Var. Japanensis nov. var. This is a large form, the largest specimens measuring 700 y to the tip of
the perithecium, and is distinguished by the very stout outwardly curved relatively short appendages,
which are closely branched at and near the base; the whole basal region becoming black and opaque in
some specimens, a condition not marked in the individual illustrated in Plate LV, fig. 7. The general
color is as in the type, the perithecium somewhat inflated and relatively small. The twenty-five specimens
of various ages that have been examined are constant and readily separable from any other forms of L.
Rougetii. In a few individuals the dense branching of the appendages gives an appearance very similar
to that seen in certain forms of L. Brachini. The branches do not, however, result from a repeated pro-
liferation of the basal cells, the characteristic oblique black septa are absent, and the antheridia are of a
different type.

On Brachinus sp., Japan, Sharp Collection, No. 1188.

The species is thus similar on the one hand to L. flagellata and its near relatives, and on the other
to L. Brachini through the var. Japanensis.

LABOULBENIA BILABIATA Thaxter. Plate LV, fig. 9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 315. July, 1905.

Form stout, the basal cell of the receptacle nearly hyaline, the subbasal becoming amber-yellow, the
parts above it clear amber-brown. Perithecium stout, nearly symmetrical, tapering to the broad tip, the
anterior lip-cells modified subterminally to form a closely approximated pair of broadly rounded projec-
tions, which are subtended on the inner side by the slightly prominent rounded apex, which is in turn

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/E. 303

subtended by a blackish suffusion of no great size. Receptacle normal, rather short and stout, the basal
and subbasal cells slightly prominent anteriorly, of nearly equal length, the walls very thick and striate.
Appendages normal, the outer consisting of a black-brown basal cell, twice as long as broad, bearing dis-
tally the two divergent branches, which are mostly once branched (antero-posteriorly), all the lower cells
suffused with brown, becoming hyaline toward the tips: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell,
slightly shorter than that of the outer, paler brown, bearing the normal branch on either side; the branch-
lets more or less elongate, or bearing loose tufts of antheridia. Perithecium 240 * 75 y, including the
terminal projections, which measure 25 X 22 yp. Receptacle 225-250 ». Total length 450 * 115 p.
Appendage 200-300 py.

On Brachinus armiger Dej., Cape of Good Hope; Berlin Museum, No. 982.

This species is closely allied to L. Rougeti, being similar in color and having the saine appendages;
but differs in the subterminal outgrowth at the tips of the perithecium which renders the pore lateral on
the inner side.

LABOULBENIA DUBIA Thaxter. Plate LV, fig. 1.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 35. June, 1902.

Perithecium dark brown, rather long, mostly straight externally, the tip small, usually abruptly
distinguished; the lips outwardly oblique, the blackish inner lip-cell more prominently rounded and sub-
tended by a slight, usually distinct rounded elevation especially on the inner side, which gives the tip a
characteristic outline; the body dark translucent brown, wholly free. The receptacle very thick-walled,
pale dirty brownish yellow, deeper distally. The basal cells of the appendages subequal, the outer bear-
ing two branches radially, which are simple, or the inner once branched above its subbasal cell; the
antheridia borne singly at the lower septa or on short branchlets: all the ultimate branches of both
appendages, about six, relatively stout, erect, rather closely septate, about six- to eight-celled, curved
slightly outward, tapering to the blunt extremities, which but slightly exceed the apex of the perithecium.
Spores 55 X 5 yw. Perithecia 165-185 & 55-65 pw. Receptacle 220-325 X 75 yw. Longer appendages
220 x. ‘Total length to tip of perithecitum 440-500 y.

On the abdomen of Philonthus politus Linn., Alverstoke, England; British Museum, No. 363.

With the exception of a few immature individuals on Philonthus punctus Gray. from Europe (British
Museum No. 427) which may belong to this species, no other form on the thousands of Philonthi which
I have examined, has been found which at all resembles the present one. It is perhaps too near L. rigida,
but differs in its copious appendages and in the often pronounced subterminal enlargement of the peri-
thecium. One other species of Laboulbenia has been seen on Philonthus (exclusive of Cafius on which
L. Cafii and a second undetermined form are known to occur) which is represented by a single immature
specimen from P. decorus Grav. in the British Museum, No. 423, Heidelberg; but this species, with its
very copiously branched appendages, which recall those of L. Brachini, is entirely different from the
present form.

LaBouLBenta Latona Thaxter. Plate LVI, figs. 3-4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 45. June, 1902.

Perithecium usually deep brown, nearly opaque, the tip large rather coarse lipped, free from the
receptacle. The receptacle normal often greatly elongated through the development of cell I, insertion-
cell borne free from the receptacle by the elongation of cells [V and V. The outer appendage consisting
of a large, broad, subhyaline basal cell, which gives rise to two, often three, or rarely more, branches in a
crest-like radial series, their basal cells small squarish subhyaline; producing, as a rule, a pair of greatly
elongated simple deep rich brown flexuous tapering branchlets; the basal cell of the inner appendage
giving rise in general to a branch on either side, one of which resembles the branches of the outer append-
age, and gives rise to long slender brown branchlets; the other commonly short, and bearing one or two
antheridial branchlets; the small straight antheridia borne in compact groups of two to four members.

304 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

Spores 70 X 5 w. Perithecia 175-220 X 60 w. Longest appendages 1150 y, the average 750 yw. ‘Total
length to tip of perithecium 325-1125 yp.

On all parts of Latona Spinole Guér., Bogota, Berlin Museum, No. 834.

This species, which varies considerably in size, is well distinguished by its crest-like appendages,
which recall those of L. cristata, the very long stiff deep red-brown ultimate branchlets of which are very
similar in general appearance. The type of branching is however quite different, and the species is per-
haps more nearly allied to L. Quedii which is still only known through the Type figured in my Mono-
graph.

LABOULBENIA OEpIcHIRI Thaxter. Plate LXI, fig. 7. .
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 48. June, 1902.

Tinged with smoky brown. Perithecia falcate, strongly bent toward the appendages, pale smoky
brown, tapering symmetrically, or nearly so, to the base and apex; the basal cells forming a short narrow
hyaline stalk; the tip not differentiated, suffused with deep blackish brown, except the pale or hyaline
blunt apex, the outer lips most prominent. Receptacle more or less distinctly punctate, relatively long
and of nearly equal diameter throughout, often slightly geniculate through an enlargement of the basal
cell, which is relatively very large just below the subbasal cell, which is smaller and separated by a more
or less oblique septum; cell III relatively small, distally more prominent on the inner side; cells [1V and V
very small, nearly equal; cells III and VI subequal. The insertion-cell small, rather thick, wholly free
and separated from the stalk of the perithecium by about half the width of cell V. The basal cell of the
outer appendage larger, sometimes inflated, bearing distally, as a rule, one terminal and two lateral
branches which are usually simple, distally hyaline, somewhat constricted at the septa, hardly reaching
to the tip of the perithecium; basal cell of the inner appendage very small, circular in outline, bearing
apparently three branches like the outer. Spores 55 X 5.5. Perithecia 125 X 32 4. Receptacle 150
30 uw. Appendages about 90 4. Total length to tip of perithecium about 250 p.

On the elytra and upper surface of the abdomen of Oedichirus nov. sp.; Sharp Collection, No. 1154;
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The curious form of the perithecium in this species which is inflated above its narrow hyaline neck, —
and its peculiar receptacle, the distal part of which is relatively greatly reduced, serve to distinguish it
very clearly. Cells IV and V are very small and nearly equal, while cell I is relatively large, larger and
broader than cell II, and punctate where it is suffused. The host is’a staphylinid, one of the Pzederini,
but the parasite does not appear to be nearly related to L. cristata, or to any other described species.

LABOULBENIA CRISTATA Thaxter.

Although the species of Pederus are so numerous and at the same time so varied and peculiar, this single
species of Laboulbenia, which occurs on them all over the world, does not appear to be subject to any con-
siderable variation except in the number of branches which compose the crest-like group of appendages;
and even this variation is not associated either with particular regions, or special hosts. Further material
has been obtained from the Berlin Collection No. 838 on P. longipennis Erichs., Sicily; No. 839, on P.
coarctatus Erichs., Brazil; No. 840 on P. duplea Epp., “Arussi Calla.,”’ N. W. Africa; in the Sharp Collec-
tion; No. 1153 on P. rutilicornis Er., Columbia: in the British Museum ss No. 763 on P. luridiventris,
Sharp, Volcan de Chiriqui; No. 388 on Pederus sp., Java; No. 389 on P. australis Guer., Australia, No.
764 on P. erythroderus Erich., Cordova, Mexico: in the Paris Museum No. 204 on P..furcipes Curtis,
Muscata, India; No. 180 on Pederus sp. Venezuela: in the Hope Collection No. 219, on an East Indian
Pederus collected by Wallace, labeled ‘‘Bac. 38.”

LABOULBENIA Diopsis Thaxter.

Additional specimens of this well marked species were found in the Berlin Museum on Diopsis
tenuipes Westw. No. 862, Bondie, Africa and on Diopsis sp. No. 857, Togo, West Africa, and in the British

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 309

Museum on Diopsis sp. from East Africa No. 738. In the last mentioned specimens the tips of the
appendages are characteristically helicoid, being curved downward instead of upward, as is more often
the case. In the material on Diopsis tenuipes some of the specimens are very elongate, nearly a milli-
meter to the tip of the perithecium, and the rather rigid appendages project nearly at right angles to the
axis of the receptacle. The species is curiously near to L. cristata, but is very well marked and distinct.

LABOULBENIA FALCATA Thaxter. Plate LXV, fig. 12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 175. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free or nearly so, mostly very large, pale yellowish, the inner half or more suffused with
smoky brown, darker toward the margin, the base more or less strongly curved so that the perithecium
is directed outward nearly at right angles to the axis of the receptacle or even recurved, basally inflated
along the inner margin, tapering gradually from about the lower third to the apex; the tip not differen-
tiated from the body of the perithecium, the lip-cells with darker longitudinal brown shades the outer
more prominent, hyaline, notched; the inner rounded, brownish. Receptacle short, straight or nearly
so, the basal cell broad, sometimes slightly inflated, a slight constriction often present between cells II
and III, all the remaining cells unusually small in proportion. Outer appendage consisting of a small
rounded basal cell bearing a single branch separated from it by a blackened constricted septum and con-
sisting of a hyaline externally blackened basal cell bearing two branchlets; an outer externally blackened
and bearing several vertical branchlets; an inner usually simple, hyaline or yellowish. Inner appendage
consisting of a basal cell similar to that of the outer or slightly smaller, producing a branch on either side,
each usually branched, all the branches pale yellowish with occasional brown suffusions, the longest not
greatly exceeding the tip of the perithecium. Spores 35 X 3 yw. Perithecium 150-200 * 35-55 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecium 275-380 y; to insertion-cell 140-190 uw. Width 34-40 ». Appendages
175-275 yp.

At the base of elytra and on superior prothorax of Casnonia sp., Paris Mus. No. 116 bis, Bahia,
Brazil.

A well marked species, chiefly peculiar for the large size and unusual form of its perithecium, which
is twisted so that the inner and outer lip-cells are lateral in position. The outer lip-cells project slightly
above the inner, and form a characteristic suleate somewhat asymmetrical apex. The material is some-
what scanty and for the most part in bad condition. No specimens show the form and arrangement of
the antheridia, yet the species appears to be most nearly allied to L. equatorialis, which also occurs on
Casnoma in Brazil.

LABOULBENIA EQUATORIALIS Thaxter. Plate LXV, figs. 10-11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 174. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, hyaline becoming tinged with brown, slender and elongate; the basal wall-cells
forming a well marked though not clearly differentiated hyaline stalk; a median and subterminal external
prominence; the rather broad tip more or less deeply tinged with blackish brown, rather abruptly differ-
entiated and bent outward, the lip-edges hyaline, the inner lip-cells prominent, more deeply suffused.
Receptacle very long and slender, cell I short, cell II greatly elongated, cells III and VI about equal.
Insertion-cell broad, deeply blackened. Outer appendage consisting of a somewhat rounded basal cell,
which is hyaline externally, distally suffused with blackish brown, and bearing two branches antero-
posteriorly; the outer of which consists of a nearly isodiametric basal cell, becoming opaque except its
upper inner angle, from which arise two branches; the inner simple, becoming red-brown, distinguished
by a broad black septum, the outer consisting of a small basal cell, opaque, except its inner upper hyaline
angle, and bearing two branches; an inner dark red-brown and slender, an outer curved outward and
upward, more slender, deep red-brown, opaque toward the base, the inner branch from the basal cell of
the outer appendage consists of a basal cell like that of the outer branch, which bears distally two
branches, red-brown, about equal, the lower two cells inflated inward. The inner appendage consists

306 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

of a slightly smaller basal cell bearing a branch on either side, the basal cell of each branch shorter, and
giving rise typically to paired branchlets from the basal cells of which the large, long, slender deep red-
brown antheridia are produced in pairs. Perithecia 400-760 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium,
average 550 4; longest over 1 mm.; average breadth 50 4. Appendages, longest 375 yu.

On upper surface of prothorax, at base of elytra and on legs of Casnonia sp., Brit. Mus. No. 502,
Amazon River.

A very distinct species, readily recognized by its long large slender dark paired antheridia, its slender
coarse tipped perithecium, ete. _ It does not appear to be very closely allied to any described species, unless
perhaps to L. falcata, which occurs on a similar host in Brazil.

LABOULBENIA DENTIFERA Thaxter. Plate LXI, fig. 8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 34. June, 1902.

Perithecium relatively large, as long or longer than the receptacle, straight, erect, almost wholly free,
rather dark dull brown; the outer margin distally converging rather abruptly in an almost straight line
to the apex; one (the right) of the lateral lip-cells prolonged obliquely inward and upward to form a large
tooth-like projection. The receptacle relatively short and stout, the basal cell longer, hyaline and con-
trasting, except distally, where it is involved in the general uniform dark dirty olive-brown suffusion of
the rest of the receptacle, the cells of which are short and broad, punctate, hardly distinguishable. The
insertion-cell thick, black, rather narrow, the basal cell of the outer appendage short and stout, bearing
distally an inner and an outer branch, the basal cell of the outer bearing two branches, the black con-
trasting constricted base, only, of the outer, persisting; the appendages otherwise hyaline, stout, tapering
slightly; the basal cell of the inner appendage very small, roundish, bearing a branch on either side with
single antheridia near the base. Perithecium 125 X 32 yp, the tooth-like appendage 20 4. Receptacle
115 X 55 4. Appendage 220 . Total length to tip of perithecium 240 yp.

A single specimen on the margin of the elytra of Notiobia disposita Bates; British Museum No. 678;
Chontales, Nicaragua.

A more careful examination of the type of this species suggests that the very peculiar conformation
of the tip of the perithecium may be to some extent abnormal. It is to be hoped that more material may
be obtained from which its characters may be more exactly determined. It is hardly possible to say to
what species it is most nearly allied.

LABOULBENIA CHIRIQUENSIS Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 164. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium yellowish brown, straight, the inner margin convex, the outer slightly concave, tapering
distally to the broad short blackened tip, which is bent abruptly inward almost at right angles. Recep-
tacle yellowish brown, deeper in the region of cell III, the basal cell slightly curved, its upper half rather
abruptly expanded; a more or less distinct bulge below the perithecium. Outer appendage usually
simple, stout, the basal cell of the inner usually much smaller bearing a branch on either side usually once
branched above the basal cell; all the branches stout and constricted at the lower septa. Spores 60 X 4 p.
Perithecium 100-125 X 37 yp. Total length to tip of perithecium 200-270 4; to insertion-cell 135-160 pu.
Greatest width 55 p.

On margin of elytron of Callida scintillans Bates, Brit. Mus. (Biologia Coll.), No. 735, Volean de
Chiriqui, Panama.

This species is chiefly distinguished by the peculiar conformation of the tip of its free perithecium
which is somewhat similar to that seen in L. Loxandri. 'The two species, however, are otherwise readily
distinguishable.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/S. 357

LABOULBENIA Eupati@ Thaxter. Plate LVIII, figs. 7-8.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 36. June, 1902.

Perithecium transparent brown, nearly straight externally, the inner margin somewhat convex; the
inner lip-cells deeply suffused, contrasting, coarse, erect, prominent, the lip edges hyaline, outwardly
oblique. Receptacle normal, rather short and stout, somewhat prominently rounded below the perithe-
cium; cell III smaller than cell VI; cells 1V and V broad, equal in length, prominent below the broad
insertion-cell. Outer appendage consisting of from three to four mostly roundish or flattened super-
posed cells, constricted at the blackened septa, which become oblique by the proliferation of each cell
from its inner side to form a single, usually simple, erect branch; the branches eventually stout, rather
closely septate, thick-walled; the basal cell of the inner appendage half as large as that of the outer,
producing one or more simple branches similar to those of the outer appendage, and short antheridial
branchlets, which bear the brown, slightly curved antheridia in a rather dense group. Spores 72 * 5 py.
Perithecia 150-155 X 55 w. Receptacle 170-220 p. Appendages 180-225 w. ‘Total length to tip of
perithecium 250-350 yp.

On elytra and legs of Hudaha latipennis MacLeay, Port Denison, Australia. Berlin Museum,
No. 952.

The outer appendage is broken in all the types of this species which are not very young, but in the
latter the character of the appendage is clearly shown (fig. 8); the primary axis consisting of short inflated
cells, each of which is distinguished by a blackened septum and bears a branch from its inner side. The
relationships of this species are quite uncertain, but perhaps it may be placed as well near L. Loxandri as
elsewhere, although the outer appendage of the latter species is simple.

LABOULBENIA LoxaNnpri Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 183. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium about three fourths free, suffused with brownish, translucent, the distal half narrow
and strongly curved inward, especially at the tip, the latter externally and distally blackened, the lip-edges
hyaline. Receptacle rather stout, pale dirty brownish; cell II basally and distally and cell V1 externally
more deeply suffused. Cells IV and V elongated so that they become parallel and carry the insertion-cell
upward and outward free from the perithecium. Outer appendage consisting of a rounded basal cell
bearing a single terminal branch, the basal cell and one or two cells above it rounded, constricted at the
mostly blackened septa, simple or each of the lower cells producing distally on the inner side a branchlet,
the branchlets and the terminal portion of the main branch hyaline, slender, thin-walled, tapering. Inner
appendage consisting of a basal cell like the outer and like it producing a branch on either side. Spores
about 45 X 4 yw. Perithecium 140 X 40 ». ‘Total length to tip of peritheciuin 340 4; to insertion-cell
275 w. Appendages, longest 120 p.

On elytra of Loxandrus unistigma Bates, Brit. Mus. No. 659 (Biologia Coll.), Paso Antonio, Guate-
mala.

A well marked species, perhaps allied to L. Chiriquensis, but differing in its appendages and in other
important respects. It has been seen only in one instance among the numerous forms of Loxandrus
examined.

LABOULBENIA Ec Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 173. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free or nearly so, slender, usually somewhat curved inward, becoming evenly suffused
with pale-olive brown, the broad tip not differentiated from the body of the perithecium, the lip-cells more
or less suffused with darker brown. Receptacle pale yellowish, often elongate, the basal cell short; cell
II several times as long, becoming amber-brown with transverse striations; cells III and VI about equal,
elongate. Insertion-cell not deeply blackened. Outer appendage consisting of a usually somewhat in-
flated basal cell with thick outer wall, bearing a branch terminally distinguished by a thin black septum

358 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

and often a second subterminally on the inner side, the branches simple or once branched, subhyaline;
the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell half as large as that of the outer, bearing one to three simple
or once divided branches on either side: the branches of both appendages subhyaline, mostly thin-walled,
erect in a compact small tuft, tapering slightly, extending but slightly above the tip of the perithecium
Perithecium 190-225 < 34 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 540-680 X 65 4; to insertion-cell 375—
470 vw. Appendages 175-200 pu.

On elytra of Ega sp., Paris Mus. No. 151, Acapulco, Mexico. On Ega Sallet Chey., Brit. Mus.
No. 705, Biologia Coll., Paso Antonio and Champerico, Guatemala.

A slender pale species which varies in the development of its appendages, the basal cells of which are
variably proliferous; the outer, which is characteristically inflated, bearing from one to three branches,
one of which may obscure those of the inner basal cell, as in fig. 12, from which one to two branches may
arise on either side. It does not appear to be nearly related to any of the described species, but is per-
haps as nearly allied to L. Philonthi as to any other.

LABOULBENIA CoLUMBIANA Thaxter. Plate LVI, figs. 6-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 30. June, 1902.

Uniform amber-yellow. Perithecium straight, free, converging abruptly from the base toward the
appendages at an angle of about 45°, slightly and nearly symmetrically inflated, the tip relatively broad,
with darker subterminal suffusions; the lip-cells somewhat spreading, the posterior and two lateral ones
forming distinct ear-like lateral horizontal prolongations. Receptacle normal, tapering to the pointed
foot, the basal and subbasal cells relatively large, the latter largest, cells [IV and VI subequal; cell V
separated obliquely from cell IIT, and somewhat longer than cell IV, which is separated by a horizontal
septum. Insertion-cell thick, somewhat translucent, purplish. Outer appendage simple, short; the
basal cell faintly purplish, more or less abruptly convex externally, separated by a constriction and dark
septum from the subbasal cell, which is also distinguished above by a dark septum, basal cell of the inner
appendage smaller than that of the outer, bearing a simple short erect branch on either side. Spores 50
<4 yp. Perithecia 20-25 X 90-110 pw. Receptacle 150 X 30 yw. Appendages 40 wu. Total length to
tip of perithecium 200-250 p.

On bristle-like hairs on the elytra of Anchonoderus concinnus Reiche, Columbia; Berlin Museum,
No. 1023. |

A single specimen, fig. 7, 680 « long, with a free perithecium curved outward, with only lateral finger-
like projections and with appendages 300 » in length which are otherwise similar to those of the type,
was found on the same host; but in the absence of further material it is not possible to determine whether
or not it should be considered a mere variety. It is not impossible that the type form on spines owes its
short habit and small size to less abundant nutrition, but the two may prove distinct.

LABOULBENIA PuHILonTHI Thaxter.

This species appears to be strictly American, and nothing resembling it, except perhaps L. Bledu,
occurs on other staphylinids. Additional material has been obtained as follows: British Museum; No.
747 on Philonthus ochromerus Sharp, Vera Cruz; No. 748 on P. occultus Sharp, Guatemala; No. 749
on P. incertus Solsk., City of Mexico. Sharp Coll.; No. 1108 on P. acciderus Sharp, Guatemala; No. 114
on P. furvus Nordm., var. Flohru Sharp, Mexico; No. 1115 on P. furvus Nordm., California. It has
also been obtained on numerous undetermined Philonthi from New England and Florida and is the
common species on these hosts in temperate South America.

LaBouLBENIA BiEepu Thaxter. Plate LVI, figs. 8-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 27. June, 1902.

Color uniformly pale dirty yellowish. Perithecium more than two thirds free, rather slender, tapering
to the tip, which is more or less well distinguished; the lip-cells rather coarse and prominent, with a sub-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®. 359

terminal blackish shade on the inner side. Appendages divergent and free through the enlargement of
cell V: the outer appendage simple, short, four- to five-celled; the basal cell of the inner appendage some-
what smaller than that of the outer, bearing a branch on either side similar to the outer appendage, the
three straight closely applied in a more or less compact group. Receptacle rather coarsely punctate, the
basal cell slender below and suffused above the foot, rather short, and separated from the usually very
long subbasal cell by a more or less distinct constriction; cells III, [V and VI subequal, more than half
the upper margin of cell V free. Perithecia 100-125 & 35-40 pw. Receptacle 220-275 & 45 yw. Ap-
pendages about 90 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 290-360 p.

On elytra and abdomen of Bledius jacobinus Lec., California; Sharp Collection, No. 1174, on Bledius
basalis Lec., Florida (Henshaw Collection).

Figure 8 and 10 of the accompanying plate represent the Californian specimens of this species, and
fig. 9 one of the smaller stouter forms occurring on Bledius in Florida. None of the material is in very
good condition and I have even been led to suspect that the species might prove a depauperate condition
of L. Philonthi which, however, in its typical condition would appear to be abundantly distinct.

LABOULBENIA FormicaruM Thaxter. Plate LVIII, figs. 14-15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 39. June, 1902.

Basal cells of the perithecium small, compact, not distinguished from the body, which is suffused
by darker brown shades and tapers from near the broad base, with but slight inflation, to the well-dis-
tinguished tip; which is more or less distinctly curved outward, with subterminal blackish suffusions on
both sides; the rather blunt, coarse-lipped apex outwardly oblique. Receptacle abnormal in form, very
short and stout, the basal cell small hyaline, narrow below, abruptly broader distally below the subbasal
cell, which is broader than it is long and bulges prominently externally, giving the plant a humpbacked
habit; cell I1I small, broader than it is long; cell IV small, squarish separated from cell V which is
slightly smaller, by a nearly vertical septum. Appendages normal, insertion-cell blackened, but not
deeply, the outer appendage simple, the three lower cells inflated, the subbasal cylindrical and distinguished
by dark septa. Spores 30 X 2.5 4. Perithecia 50-60 X 16-18 yw. Receptacle 30-35 X 18 yw. Longest
appendages 90 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 70-80 y.

On all parts of Lasiws Americanus M. and of Formica neogagates M., Cambridge, Mass.

This very minute and peculiar species appears to be common on small ants in the Cambridge region.
It is perhaps as nearly related to L. inflata as to any other species, the appendages being very similar in
both cases. The conformation of the receptacle is, however, unlike any other species. Rickia Wass-
mannz is thus far the only other member of the family that is known to occur on true ants.

LABOULBENIA MiIcRoscopica Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 17.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 187. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium one half or wholly free, pale olivaceous, somewhat inflated, tapering to the relatively
long narrow subtruncate blackened tip which is bent slightly inward. Lower half of receptacle greatly
reduced in size, the basal cell hyaline or nearly so, the rest suffused with dark brown, cell III paler, cell II
broader than long, cells III to V relatively large, bulging prominently outward beyond and below the
insertion-cell. Outer appendage consisting of a basal cell which becomes sub-triangular through the
protrusion of its upper outer angle which renders its distal margin twice as broad as the basal cell of the
single branch which rises from its upper inner half. The inner appendage arising from a much smaller
basal cell which produces two branches. Spores about 35 X 3 yw. Perithecia 75-93 & 27-34 w. Total
length to tip of perithecium 120-140 y; to insertion-cell 75-90 ». Greatest width 45-60 4. Appendages
about 70 p.

On elytra of Pelmatellus nitescens Bates, Brit. Mus. (Biologia Coll.), No. 683, Vera Paz, Guatemala.

One of the very smallest species, in which the perithecium is larger than the whole of the receptacle.
Apart from other peculiar characters, the shelf-like projection of the basal cell of the outer appendage

360 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

serves to distinguish this form, a somewhat similar conformation occurring only in L. Tachyis. Three

specimens, only, have been examined.

LABOULBENIA TacHyis Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 38. June, 1902.

Form slender. Perithecium tinged with brown, relatively small, narrow, erect, very slightly curved
outward distally, about three quarters free, tapering slightly to the relatively broad, hardly differentiated
tip; the lip-cells coarse, outwardly oblique, with hyaline edges. Receptacle slender, the basal and sub-
basal cells hyaline, elongate, nearly equal in length; the distal portion tinged with brown. Basal cell
of the outer appendage forming a well defined prominence distally and externally; its upper surface
horizontal, the outer half free, the inner half bearing a solitary branch which may be rather elongate,
slender tapering; its basal cell short, somewhat inflated, distinguished by dark septa; the basal cell of the
inner appendage giving rise to an erect branch on either side similar to the outer. Perithecia 60-75 X
16-25. Receptacle 110-166. Appendages longest 220 . ‘Total length to tip of perithecitum 155-220 yp.

On Tachys incurvus Say, Cambridge. On Tachys sp., Cocoanut Grove, Florida, December. On
Tachys sp., Kittery Point, Me.

This small and slender species is peculiar for the conformation of the basal cell of its outer appendage,
the external projection of which varies somewhat in different specimens. It resembles L. microscopica
in this respect, but is otherwise quite different. It appears to be a rare species, occurring singly, or in
pairs, on a given individual of its minute host. Specimens on the legs may be much shorter and more
compact in habit.

LABOULBENIA OLIVACEA Thaxter. Plate LV, fig. 3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 315. July, 1905.

Perithecium nearly free, broader distally, olivaceous brown, paler and subhyaline distally on the
inner side; the inner margin bulging characteristically above and curved abruptly outward to the tip,
which forms a flat blunt hyaline papilla, turned outward and hardly distinguished from the body of the
perithecium, and wholly subtended by a wide blackish suffusion, the outer margin forming a slight eurva-
ture continuous with that of the receptacle. Receptacle relatively small, the basal cell small, narrow,
and quite hyaline, except distally, where it is partly involved in the dark olive-brown suffusion of the rest
of the receptacle, which is coarsely punctate in the region of cells II and III, sometimes becoming wholly
opaque and indistinguishable from the base of the perithecium, with the exception of cell V and a corre-
sponding cell of about equal size which lies external to it, being cut off distally from cell IV, the receptacle
being abnormal in this respect. These two cells hyaline or translucent, the whole anterior margin, from
the base of cell II to the tip of the perithecium, forming a nearly symmetrical continuous curvature. Outer
appendage consisting of a small slightly prominent basal cell, slightly constricted above, where it is sepa-
rated by a blackish septum from a hyaline erect slender nearly straight distal portion or branch: the basal
cell of the inner appendage somewhat smaller, giving rise to several erect branches, like the outer, which
reach about to the tip of the perithecium, or may be longer. Perithecia 80-100 X 32-40 w. Receptacle
90 w. Appendages 75-110 . ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 185-220 40-48 p.

On legs and on the inferior surface of the abdomen of Lehia sp., Java; Rouyer, No. 1396.

Closely resembling L. cwrtipes in general form, but unlike all other species in the regular secondary
division of cell TV by a horizontal septum, a condition which appears to be the normal one, as it is present
in all of the ten examples examined. This condition is approached in L. Anaplogenii in which, however,
the division is not invariably present, and results from a distal proliferation.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 361

LABOULBENIA PRODUCTA Thaxter. Plate LXIV, figs. 13-14.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 52. June, 1902.

Perithecium faintly tinged with pale dirty brown, rather long and slender, nearly erect, free except
the rather narrow subhyaline base; the lips somewhat prominent, outwardly oblique, the inner subtended
by a dark suffusion. Receptacle tapering to a slender pointed base, the basal cell hyaline, becoming
faintly tinged with dirty brownish, contrasting with the opaque subbasal cell which is less than twice as
long; cells II and VI subequal, nearly opaque, reddish brown; cell TV nearly opaque, continued upward
to form a free blunt well-defined prominence which projects beside and slightly beyond the basal cell
of the appendage; cell V relatively very large, extending to the base of cell IV, wholly pale dirty brown
like the perithecium, contrasting. Insertion-cell relatively large, slightly oblique inward, resting below
on cell V and laterally and obliquely on cell IV. Basal cells of the appendages nearly equal, subisodia-
metric, the outer bearing an outer and an inner simple hyaline branch distally, the basal cells of which,
especially the inner one, are more or less inflated, roundish, with dark septa, and tinged with dirty brown;
the basal cell of the inner appendage bearing a branch on either side similar to those of the outer, the
branches hardly extending to the tip of the perithectum. Spores 55 X 44. Perithecium 90-100 * 25 p.
Receptacle 110 y to insertion-cell, the projection above 10-12 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 220 yp.

Growing appressed on the bristle-like hairs on the elytra of Anchonoderus concinnus Reiche, Colum-
bia; Berlin Museum, No. 1023.

This species is widely different from any other known species and is at once distinguished by the fin-
ger like protrusion of cell IV. The only other species that shows a similar tendency is L. Anaplogenii to
which, however, it is not at all related. The type of the appendages, the short inflated basal cells of the
branches, and their dark septa and mode of origin, suggest a remote connection with forms like L. celes-
tralis, but it seems on the whole distinctly isolated. Fig. 13 represents a well developed individual
obtained on an undetermined host, without locality, in the collection of the Museo Nacional at Buenos
Aires.

LABOULBENIA CELESTIALIS Thaxter. Plate LXV, figs. 13-14.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 163. Dec., 1899.

Perithecia almost wholly free, rather deeply suffused with dark reddish brown except the almost
hyaline basal wall-cells; tapering slightly to the well distinguished rather large tip, which is turned slightly
outward, the lip-cells blackened except around the pore. Receptacle finely punctate, pale dirty brown,
darker along the posterior margin, the lower half of cell I hyaline, rather short and stout, somewhat abruptly
expanded below the perithecium; cell IV bulging abruptly below the black insertion-cell. Outer append-
age consisting of a somewhat rounded basal cell, brown externally, and bearing usually two branches
placed antero-posteriorly, the basal cell of the outer nearly round, deep brown externally and bearing
two branches placed antero-posteriorly which are very long and slender, remotely septate and more or
less suffused with dirty brown: the inner appendage consisting of a smaller basal cell producing a branch
on either side, the basal cells of which are short with black septa and bear solitary antheridia or short
sterile branches which are blunt and shorter than the perithecium. Perithecia 110 X 35 yw. Total
length to tip of perithecium 280 ; to insertion-cell 156 4. Greatest width 55-60 4. Appendages (longest)
400 pu.

On the elytra of Drypta lineola Dej., Brit. Mus. No. 507, China. On Dichranoncus celestinus,
Sharp Collection, No. 1204; and British Museum No. 636, Japan; on Drypta ruficollis Dej., British
Museum No. 506, Natal, Africa.

The specimens on Dichranoncus referred to this species, differ somewhat in their more slender form,
darker color, and deeply suffused perithecia; the receptacle is usually enlarged between cells I and II,
and the inner branches from the basal cell of the outer appendage are often paired. In the Natal specimen
this inner branch is not distinguished by the usual black septum. It is possible that we are here dealing

362 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

with more than one species, but in the absence of abundant material they have been included with the
type. ‘The latter is most nearly related to L. Asiatica, but should, I think, be kept distinct.

LaBOULBENIA AstaTicA Thaxter. Plate LXV, fig. 15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 159. Dec., 1899.

Perithecitum and receptacle typical in form more or less suffused with dirty brownish yellow, the
perithecium somewhat smoky-brown aboye the basal wall-cells. Outer appendage consisting of a very
large subtriangular hyaline basal cell, which gives rise from a deeply blackened area of insertion to an
antero-posterior series of short stout cells, themselves outwardly blackened and bearing from one to three
branchlets, also placed antero-posteriorly and themselves mostly once branched in a similar plane; the
ultimate branchlets rather long and remotely septate, the lower septa blackened and somewhat oblique.
The inner appendage consists of a much smaller basal cell which gives rise on either side to a series of
from two to three branches arranged antero-posteriorly, the lower septa blackened and more or less
oblique, the branches once or twice branched, the branchlets shorter than those of the outer appendage.
Perithecium 140 X 45 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 400-500 yu. Appendages (longest) 400 y.

On the elytra of Casnonia sp., Asia, Paris, No. 139.

This species is exactly similar in the general form and appearance of its receptacle and perithecium,
to the common types of L. flagellata, but differs in the crest-like series of branches, distinguished by black
septa, that form dense tufts arising from the inner and outer basal cells of the appendages. The species
is most nearly related to L. celestialis, of which it may prove to be a luxuriantly developed condition.

LABOULBENIA AcCROGENIS Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 6-8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 154. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium rather slender, free except at its base, pale yellowish or straw-colored, becoming yellow-
ish brown, tapering to the neck-like rather slender often almost clavate apex, the lip-cells hyaline, well
distinguished, the inner large and prominent often spreading, the pore obliquely external: below more or
less deeply suffused with smoky brown, especially the outer half, the posterior (outer) subterminal wall-
cells often becoming deeply suffused with smoky brown. Receptacle usually short, becoming slightly
suffused with yellowish brown, normal in form, sometimes slightly inflated between cells I and II. Outer
appendage consisting of a large rounded basal cell bearing four to eight branches arranged antero-pos-
teriorly in a more or less definitely double row, their insertions forming a continuous deeply blackened
area, their cells inflated, with blackened septa, successively once to three times branched antero-posteriorly.
The inner appendage consisting of a much smaller basal cell producing from one to two branches similar
to those of the outer, one on either side. ‘The antheridia solitary or from two to four, borne rather regularly
on the ends of short branchlets. Perithecium 90-175 X 28-35 yw. Antheridia 14 » long. Total length
to tip of the perithecium 190-360 4. Appendages 85-100 ». Spores about 40 yu.

Occurring on the inferior posterior margin of the prothorax and the adjacent portions of the thorax
of Acrogenys hirsuta MacLeary, Brit. Mus., Nos. 668 and 528, Australia, and Union Reefs, Australia.

This species is nearly allied to L. Aszatica, the appendages being similarly arranged, though very
different in general appearance: the clear hyaline cells of the copiously divided branches inflated, and
strongly constricted at the blackened septa, five or six of which may occur successively from the base up-
ward. The conformation of the perithecium is distinctly different, especially at the tip, which is usually
even more prominently distinguished than is represented in the figures, the inner lip-cell considerably
enlarged to form a rounded or flat topped somewhat spreading termination. ‘Two immature specimens
were obtained on Acrogenys from Union Reefs, in which the branches are more copiously developed and
the insertion-cell wholly unmodified. The antheridia, which are small and well formed, often occur in
terminal groups of three to five, closely appressed, almost as in some forms of L. Brachini. (Monograph,
Plate XX, fig. 7.)

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/:. 363

LABOULBENIA MINIMA Thaxter.

The figures drawn from the material available at the time my Monograph was published, give but an
inadequate idea of the appearance of full grown specimens of this well marked and rather variable species,
additional material of which has been obtained from the following sources; British Museum; No. 732
on Callida pulchripennis, no locality; No. 736 on C. onypteriqioides, Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; No.
551 on Callida sp., Mexico; No. 503 on Pionycha sp., Nanta, Amazon; No. 504 on Leplotrachelus sp.
Sao Paulo (? Brazil); No. 510 on Calophena maculata Dej., Para, Brazil: Hope Collection; No, 264 on
Agra sp., South America: Paris Collection; No. 68-69 on Callida spp., Venezuela. All these forms,
though undoubtedly referable to this species, show a certain amount of variation, in coloration, in the
degree and conspicuousness of the punctation, which is sometimes very marked even on the perithecium;
in the conformation of the tip of the perithecium, which is sometimes flat topped and peculiarly modified,
and in the development of the appendages. ‘The latter arise in crest-like series from the basal cells: one
such series from the outer, which may consist of seven or eight members which arise by successive prolifer-
ation from the inner angle of the basal cell and are variably branched and suffused; the inner basal cells
producing a somewhat similar series on either side. ‘The general type is similar to that seen in L. longi-
collis which, although so very different in general appearance must be considered as not remotely related
to it. On species of Agra in the Hope Collection, and in the British Museum, specimens occur in which
the differences are so considerable that I think these forms may perhaps be specifically separated; but
I have preferred to defer any further account of them until I have an opportunity properly to illustrate
the present species, figures of which could not conveniently be included in the accompanying plates.

LABOULBENIA BracuIni Thaxter.

This species replaces L. Rougetiz on American Brachini, but although very similar in form and color,
differs distinctly in the centripetal proliferation of the basal cells of the appendages, in the black oblique
septa of their branches, and in the grouping of the antheridia. Simple forms of this species in which
there is no proliferation of the basal cells, are hardly distinguishable from some South African specimens
of L. Rougetii, and in one instance typical L. Brachini was obtained on a specimen in the British Museum
labeled “B. oblongus Dej. Tangier, Africa.” That there is some error, either in my own, or in the Museum
label, I feel quite sure; since this is the only instance among the very large number of Eastern-Hemis-
phere Brachini which I have examined, in which a form like L. Brachini has been observed. L. Rougetii
var. Japanensis, with its dense stout appendages bears a superficial resemblance to this species, but there
is no doubt in my own mind as to the distinctness of the two.

Additional material has been examined as follows. Paris Museum No. 67 on Brachinus sp., Vene-
zuela; Hope Collection No. 249 on Brachinus sp., Rio de Janeiro; No. 245 on B. fumans Fabr., North
America; No. 247 on B. geniculatus Dej., St. Thomas W. I., a curious hunched variety (?) with very
simple appendages: British Museum No. 720 on B. rhytiderus Chd., Oaxaca, Mexico; No. 719 on B.
elongatus Tourn. Mexico; No. 544 on B. geniculatus Dej., South America: Berlin Museum No. 990 on
B. Mexicanus Dej., Mexico; No. 991 on B. fusicornis Dej., Buenos Aires, Argentina; No. 992 on B.
genicularis Dej., Montivideo, Paraguay; No. 993 on B. nigrescens Chd., Brazil.

LABOULBENIA LONGICOLLIS Thaxter. Plate LXIV, fig. 10.

Abundant material of this fine species has been obtained from various sources, and it seems to be
the only form which occurs on the numerous African species of Galerita; in marked contrast to the mul-
tiplication of species which has taken place on this host in the western hemisphere. Although in its general
appearance, large size and stalked perithecia, it recalls the condition seen in many of the American forms
on Galerita it does not appear to be at all closely related to the species of this well marked ‘‘Galeritae”’
type, the series of appendages arising, not from cells successively separated above the basal cell, but from
the basal cell itself, which does not become divided during the process. The species shows no important

364 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

variations except in size. The additional material examined is as follows: Berlin Museum No. 972 on
Galerita femoralis Murr., Gaboon; No. 971, on G. attelaboides Fabr., Guinea. Paris Museum No. 10
on Galerita sp., East Africa. British Museum No. 522 on G. femoralis Murr., E. Africa; No. 524 on
@. Africana Dej., Angola; No. 523 on G. interstitialis De}., Sierra Leone. Fig. 10 of the accompanying
Plate is drawn from material on an undetermined species of Galerita collected by Dr. O. F. Cooke in
Liberia.

LABOULBENIA ORIENTALIS Thaxter. Plate LXV, fig. 4-5.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 191. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium straight, its base free from and higher than the insertion of the appendages, straight to
strongly recurved, becoming suffused with pale brownish; the tip blackish brown in normal specimens,
well distinguished, with prominent lips (when curved, not abruptly distinguished, somewhat pointed,
with ill defined lips), the translucent edges dirty brown. Receptacle hyaline or concolorous with the
perithecium, sometimes becoming dark smoky brown; cell V often as large as cell IV, pushing the small
subtriangular unmodified insertion-cell outward so that it may become lateral, with its transverse diameter
vertical, cell VII unusually large. Appendages consisting of an outer and an inner basal cell, the two
free from one another except at the base, mostly several times as long as broad and overlapping slightly;
the outer bearing an external row of superposed branches, usually seven or eight in number, formed by
the successive proliferation of the tip of the basal cell, and separated from it by broadly blackened septa;
the branches successively subdichotomously branched several to eight or more times, the basal and some-
times the subbasal cell often producing more than two branchlets (two to four) superposed in a single
row. The inner appendage like the outer, the basal cell producing a single similar row of branches fewer
(usually two to four) in number, overlapping those of the outer appendage and bearing antheridia in groups
of from one to eight not characteristically grouped, the venter rather abruptly distinguished from the
straight cylindrical purplish neck: the branches of both appendages directed outward, hyaline or distally
reddish or purplish, constricted at the lower purplish septa. Perithecia (largest) 230 < 55 py; average
170 X 40 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium very variable, from 275 » to 1 mm. Appendages 200-
350 pw. Antheridia 16 X 4 w. Spores 65 X 6.5 yp.

On Brachinus Chinensis Chaud., Paris Museum, Nos. 58, 59; Manila, Philippine Islands, and Macao,
China. Brit. Mus. Nos. 536 (bis), China. Hope Coll. No. 244, China. On Brachinus spp., Brit.
Mus. Nos. 537, 539, 540, China and Philippine Islands, Berlin Mus., No. 994 on B. scotomedes Redt.,
Japan. Usually on inferior surface of thorax and prothorax.

This fine species is a characteristic form, common on the larger species of Brachinus from the far
East. Although it has not been seen on the numerous Brachini examined from intermediate stations,
the form previously separated as L. Italica on B. eaplodens from Italy, does not appear to be more than a
variety. "The species is decidedly variable in form, size and color, often abnormally bent, as in Fig. 5,
or greatly elongated; becoming suffused in many cases till the perithecium is nearly opaque. ‘The verti-
cally elongated basal cell of its inner appendage lacks entirely the right and left development of branches
which normally occurs in the genus, and usually overlaps the similarly developed basal cell of the outer
appendage. A similar condition is seen in L. pusilla, L. Japonica and L. rhinophora, yet these three
forms seem otherwise so different that their separation as distinct species appears desirable.

var. Iratica Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 9-10.
L. Italica Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 182. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free except at its base, rather short and stout, the upper half or third curved strongly
outward, the tip large, sulcate, blackened, the lips coarse, nearly equal, subhyaline. Receptacle con-
colorous with the perithecium, the base nearly hyaline, usually bent between cells I and II, short, abruptly
expanded above cell II, the anterior margin straight above cell I. Appendages compact, the basal cells
subtriangular, the outer producing externally an oblique row of about four superposed branches from a

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®. 365

blackened area of insertion, the branches erect mostly twice subdichotomously branched, all the lower
septa blackened and constricted, the inner appendage similar to the outer: the insertion-cell unmodified
normally placed, broad, subhyaline, close to base of perithecium. Antheridia brown, the venter much
inflated, the neck becoming pointed, 23 x 8 y. Perithecium 100 « 42 4. ‘Total length to tip of peri-
thecium 275 p; to insertion-cell 175 ». Appendages 140 yp.

On Brachinus explodens Duft., Florence Museum, Florence, Italy.

LABOULBENIA PUSILLA Thaxter. Plate LXV, fig. 6.
Proce, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 316. July, 1905.

Short, stout, pale yellowish with brownish tinges. Perithecium free, straight, very slightly narrower
distally, the distal portion, except externally about the hyaline pore, deep black, the suffusion extending
less than half-way down externally, and about a third on the inner side: the distal end broad, flat, pro-
jecting on the inner side to form a rounded prominence; the pore lateral and external, hyaline, with
adjacent paler shades; the black, slightly projecting area below it forming a more or less clean-cut line
of demarcation. The receptacle short and stout; cells I and IL subequal, as are also cells HI and IV.
Appendages as in L. ortentalis, hyaline, the two basal cells partly overlapping and bearing each four to
five branches four to five times branched, the cells distinguished by constrictions and blackish septa.
Spores 45 X 5 yw. Perithecia 90 X 36-40 yp. Receptacle 100-110 ». Total length to tip of perithe-
cium 200 X 210 uw. Appendages 100-110 p.

On inferior surface of Brachinus scotomedes Redt., Japan; Berlin Museum, No. 994.

This very peculiar little form is most nearly related to L. orientalis of which it may possibly prove
to be an abnormal condition. It is however quite unlike the smaller forms of this species which grow
in similar situations, and the types show no tendency to vary toward the normal form, even very young
perithecia exhibiting the very peculiar conformation represented in fig. 6.

LaBOULBENIA Japonica Thaxter. Plate LXV, fig. 7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 44. June, 1902.

Short and stout, unevenly suffused with smoky or faintly olive brown. Perithecium relatively very
large and long, more or less distinctly curved toward the appendages; the base subhyaline, the body
evenly dark, slightly olivaceous brown, scarcely inflated, tapering very slightly to the stout, evenly
rounded, opaque, hardly differentiated tip; the longitudinal series of wall-cells slightly spiral, describing
about one quarter of a turn or somewhat more. Receptacle relatively small, short and stout, the basal
and subbasal cells hyaline, contrasting, the latter somewhat larger, separated by an oblique partition
from cell III, which is small, subtriangular and deeply suffused; cell IV larger, suffused, as is cell V,
which is relatively large and long-oval; cell VI deeply suffused, extending down beside and to the base
of cell II; the cells above it also suffused and more or less indistinguishable. Insertion-cell large and
unmodified. Basal cells of the outer and inner appendages vertically elongated, each bearing externally
and distally a series of four or five superposed branches distinguished by blackened septa, curved out-
ward and often downward, and branching in a radial plain, the branches two to four times branched,
forming a compact tuft, the basal cells usually bearing three branchlets, the further division of which
is subdichotomous; the cells not differing very greatly in size, except the terminal ones, which are some-
what elongated hyaline subisodiametric and blunt-tipped. Spores 80 X 5 yw. Perithecia 235 < 70 y..
Receptacle 185 X 70 4. Appendages 100-150 p. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, average, 420 y..

On anterior legs of Brachinus sp., Japan; Sharp Collection, No. 1188.

- This is a striking species allied to L. orientalis and more closely to L. rhinophora, which has the
same peculiarly developed receptacle in which cell VI extends downward to cell I, although it lacks the
monstrous development of cells [V and V peculiar to this species. The perithecium is also quite different
and unlike any forms of L. orientalis, both in form and relative size. The appendages project out sub-
horizontally in a compact mass, with a tendency to recurve, and the branching is in a plane coincident

366 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

with that in which the individual is flattened. A somewhat smaller variety, which closely resembles
this species, was found on the legs of a species of Brachinus from Port Natal, Africa (Berlin Museum
No. 983), but the material is too scanty and not in sufficiently good condition to determine definitely.

LABOULBENIA RHINOPHORA Thaxter. Plate LXV, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 199. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium large and stout, dirty smoky brown, the lower half much deeper and united to the recep-
tacle, the base nearly opaque, one of the subterminal wall-cells forming a terminal blunt finger-like brown
outgrowth, close beside the rather small internally blackened tip, which it exceeds in length. Recep-
tacle stout, the basal cell small hyaline; a blackish brown suffusion becoming opaque involves the upper
part of cell I, cells II, VI, and VII, as well as the basal cells of the perithecium; cells IV and V very
large and nearly parallel, translucent; the suffused parts, when not opaque, marked by darker trans-
verse dots and striz. Insertion-cell very large, triangular, quite unmodified. Appendages consisting of
two basal cells concolorous with insertion-cell, the outer usually somewhat larger, both protruding up-
ward and slightly overlapping, producing directly numerous branches (four to eight from each cell) which
arise in more than one row from their outer surfaces; all the branches once to twice branched, the lower
segments deeply constricted at the purplish septa, the distal cells without constrictions at the hyaline septa.
Spores 75 X 5 p. Perithecia to tip of protuberance 275-300 85 y; to insertion-cell 300-340 yp. Ap-
pendages about 200 p.

On the legs of Brachinus sp., Hope Coll. No. 252, Madagascar.

Three mature and one young individual of this peculiar species have been examined, the former
all considerably injured. It is most nearly allied to L. Japonica from which it is distinguished by the
form and peculiar modification of its perithecium, as well as the relation of the latter to the receptacle
and by the monstrous development of cells IV and V of the receptacle.

LABOULBENIA CONCINNA Thaxter. Plate LVIII, fig. 4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 31. June, 1902.

Perithecium opaque, nearly symmetrical, rather long and slender, straight, the lower half slightly
inflated; tapering very gradually distally to the broad, truncate often symmetrical tip, which is barely
differentiated above an inconspicuous elevation; the flat lip-edges slightly translucent brown: the basal
cells forming a well distinguished short hyaline stalk, the curvature of which bends the perithecium away
from the appendages at an angle of nearly 45°. Appendages forming a dense rather short slightly spread-
ing tuft, the axis of which is coincident with that of the receptacle, copiously branched, the branchlets
unilaterally disposed, rather closely septate; the septa mostly dark brown, except the very numerous
paler slightly tapering extremities, which hardly reach the middle of the perithecium. Receptacle sub-
clavate, the basal cell rather large, hyaline narrower below; the cells above yellowish brown, incon-
spicuously punctate; cells III and IV bulging symmetrically and prominently below the well-defined
insertion-cells; cells IV and V separated by a nearly vertical septum. Perithecia, exclusive of stalk,
15-180 X 33-45 yp, stalk 25 X 30. Receptacle 150-185 X 55-65 yw. Appendages (longest) 125 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecium 325-375 yp.

On Casnonia sp., Buitenzorg, Java.

A small group of mature individuals of this very pretty and distinct species was found on one of
several hosts kindly collected for me by Professor H. M. Richards, growing at the tip of the abdomen
on the upper side, and conspicuous for their large size and dark color. The tuft of appendages is so
dense that it has been almost impossible to determine the exact origin of the main branches. Several
of the latter appear to arise in radial series from the basal cell of the outer appendage, and that of the
inner appears to give rise as usual, to single branches on either side which are very copiously and closely
branched. Although the perithecium is too deeply suffused to determine this point, there seems to be
a twist in its wall-cells which makes the anterior and posterior lip-cells lateral in position, and gives the
tip its characteristic nearly symmetrical habit.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/). . 367

LABOULBENIA IMITANS Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 24-26.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 180. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, long, rather slender, curved slightly outward, suffused with dark smoky brown,
tapering rather abruptly to a somewhat truncate sometimes neck-like tip, the inner lip-cells darker: the
basal cells forming a hyaline well developed neck. Receptacle short, stout, subtriangular, usually
abruptly bent above the basal cell, becoming deeply suffused with blackish brown, coarsely and conspic-
uously punctate, except where quite opaque, the opacity first involving the anterior and lower portions
above the hyaline basal cell: cells IV and V nearly equal, cell IV bulging outward, more than half its
upper surface being free from and external to the black insertion-cell. Outer appendage consisting of
a hyaline basal cell which may become entirely opaque, its upper and outer margins curving evenly in-
ward to form a deeply blackened ridge, from which arises a crest-like series of from three to five, or even
six, branches, which are rigid opaque or deeply suffused and several times branched, especially distally;
the inner appendage consisting of a much smaller basal cell which gives rise to a branch on either side,
the branches laterally divergent, or erect, and similar to the main branches of the outer appendage; the
successive cells of all the branches and branchlets, except at the very tips, externally blackened and dis-
tinguished by contrasting and more or less prominent black septa. Spores 42 ” long. Perithecium
(exclusive of neck) 150-255 X 28-58 mw; the neck 20-60 X 20-32 . ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
270-585 4; to insertion-cell 100-225 y; greatest width 50-80 4. Appendages, 45-200 yp.

On Nycteis sp., Paris Museum, No. 29, Madagascar. Berlin Museum No. 934, on Thyreopterus
brevicollis K1., and No. 935 on T. sublevis Casteln., both from Madagascar. On legs, elytra and abdomen.

This species which has very much the appearance of species of Corethromyces, is most nearly related
to L. forficulata and L. fissa. In the material obtained in the Berlin Museum from T. brevicollis, the
individuals are far larger than the original types, almost twice as large, but there seems no doubt as to the
identity of the two, although the form of the perithecium and its tip is somewhat different in the Berlin
material. On T. sublevis a single mature individual was found in which the total length reaches nearly
800 »; the perithecium 265 X 65 p, its neck 150 4; the receptacle but slightly suffused, over 325 long
and without maculation. The appendages are, however, the same and the form is undoubtedly referable
to the present species.

LABOULBENIA FISSA Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 12-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 177. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium three fourths or more free, short and stout, slightly bent toward the appendages, dirty
olive-brown becoming deeply suffused with blackish brown except distally just below the tip, which is
abruptly distinguished, long, narrow, hyaline below its black distal portion, furcate, the inner fork formed
by the upgrowth of one of the inner (right) lip-cells which grows outward and abruptly upward beside
the deep black blunt-tipped projection formed by the other three which it may equal in length, though
narrower and somewhat paler. Receptacle short, the basal cell largest, pale yellowish or hyaline, of about
the same diameter throughout, broader than cell II, which is short, narrow, of equal diameter throughout,
hyaline or yellowish at the very base, the rest opaque and indistinguishable from the remainder of the
receptacle, which expands abruptly above, and may become opaque, except the upper part of cell IV and
cell V. Insertion-cell much narrower than cells IV-V. Outer appendage consisting of several super-
posed cells, which form a black opaque axis, usually broken off, curved outward, each cell producing a
short hyaline or brown edged branchlet distally on the inner side; the inner appendage consists of a
smaller basal cell, which gives rise on either side to a branch much like the outer appendage, its main
axis less deeply blackened, curving outward on either side of the perithecium, the hyaline branchlets
arising from its convex side mostly once branched and sometimes reaching above the tip of the peri-
thecium. Perithecia, average 150 X 48 yp, including the tip, which is about 45 x 18-20 ». Total

_length to tip of perithecium 290-300 ; to insertion-cell 185 4; greatest width 70 ». Appendages about
110 ws.

368 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

On Pericallus gutattus Chev., Paris Museum, No. 78; Brit. Mus. No. 571; Hope Collection, No.
301, Java; Sharp Collection No. 1202. On P. flavoguttatus Dej., E. Indies. Hope Coll. No. 279, Type
On elytra.

This very peculiar species is well characterized by the unique modification of the tip of its perithecium,
which looks like a pair of mandibles. The more slender of the two projections varies somewhat in length,
and is not always as erect as is represented in the figures, and the whole tip sometimes has the slightly
bulbous habit indicated in fig. 13. The branches of the inner appendage may be erect, as in fig. 13, or
strongly divergent on either side, as fig. 12, which also shows the appearance of the fully matured and
nearly opaque individual. The species is most nearly allied to L. separata and L. corethropsis.

LABOULBENIA FORFICULATA Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 9-11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 178. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, straight or somewhat curved, slightly inflated, brown except the basal wall-cells
which form a mostly hyaline well developed narrow neck-like stalk less than one third as long as the
ascigerous portion, the latter tapering rather abruptly at the tip, two of the lip-cells prolonged to form a
pair of erect pointed hyaline symmetrical apposed outgrowths which resemble the tips of a pair of shears.
Receptacle short, stout, subtriangular, cell I hyaline below, forming a short slender usually curved pedicel ;
the body of the receptacle deeply suffused below with blackish brown, the more deeply suffused portions
coarsely punctate with darker spots. The outer appendage consisting of a basal cell from the blackened
upper and outer margin of which arise usually three branches in an antero-posterior series, which are
curved slightly outward and give rise from their convex side to secondary branches which in turn may
bear branchlets in a similar fashion: of the primary branches the inmost is more copiously branched, the
outmost being small, usually broken; all the branches black externally and brown on the inner margins,
or wholly opaque, usually constricted on the inner side at the blackened septa, the terminal cells of some
of the ultimate branchlets abruptly inflated at the base: the basal cell of the inner appendage gives rise
to a branch on either side, the two divergent and very similar in character and mode of branching to
those of the outer appendage. Perithecium exclusive of neck, 150-200 28-38 y; the neck 35-50
long. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 300-450 4; to insertion-cell 100-150 4; greatest width 50-70 ps.
Appendages 175-200 yp.

On Thyreopterus striatus Guer., Hope Collection, No. 302, Madagascar. On elytra.

This species is very closely allied to L. ¢mitans in its general form and the character of its appendages,
and is also the nearest known relative of the two large species, L. palmella and L. Kunkeli which occur
on the allied Mormolyce. It is distinguished from all other species by the shear-like tip of its perithecium.
The material is scanty and the appendages are badly broken in all the adults. Whether the flask-like
terminations of the inner appendages represented in fig. 9 are sterile extremities, or peculiar antheridia
I am unable to determine, although I am inclined to the former view.

LABOULBENIA PALMELLA Thaxter.

This species has been obtained on Mormolyce phyllodes in the Brit. Mus. No. 556, Ding Ding Is. and
No. 556b, Penang, and in the Berlin Museum No. 975a, Sumatra, on the same host. It appears to be
constant in its characters and always separable from the much larger L. Kunkelii, which has been again
observed on the inferior surface of a specimen of M. phyllodes from Sumatra in the British Museum, No.
596.

LABOULBENIA CORETHROPSIS Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 3-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 168. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium relatively large, translucent brown or yellowish brown, generally larger distally through
a subterminal external bulge, the tip moderately well differentiated, often bent rather abruptly inward,
wholly blackish brown or hyaline in the median line, the inner lip-cells smaller and usually more promi-
nent than the outer, sometimes overlapping them, the whole perithecium free from the receptacle. Recep-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 369

tacle short and rather stout, cells [I-IV becoming externally blackish brown, the rest concolorous with
the perithecium; cells III and IV rather prominent. Outer appendage becoming wholly opaque, its
successive cells indistinguishable as are the basal and insertion-cells, consisting of a blackened axis erect
or bent outward, from the inner side of which arise several more or less blackened branches, the basal por-
tion of the appendage only, as a rule, remaining. ‘The inner appendage, consisting of a basal cell which
is usually indistinguishable from the insertion-cell, being quite opaque, producing a branch on either side,
the axis of the branches erect, becoming blackened and opaque, except the inner margins of the distal
cells, bearing externally from six to ten or even more branchlets which are more or less deeply suffused.
Perithecium 130-150 X 30-33 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 190-240 y; to insertion-cell 90-
130 ». Greatest width 40-50 ». Appendages Jongest (broken) 185 p.

On inferior surface of abdomen, and on elytra of Miscelus Javanus Klug., Hope Collection, No.
304, Java; on Miscelus sp., Paris Museum, No. 114, New Guinea.

This somewhat variable species occurs on the elytra and abdomen of its host. Its small receptacle
and relatively large perithecium, together with its peculiar appendages, give it, like the allied L. imitans,
a general habit which strongly suggests some species of Corethromyces. The main axis of the outer append-
age, as well as the main branches of the inner, appear to result from successive proliferation and may
be quite opaque. The species is very closely allied to L. Misceli from the Moluccas, which may prove
merely a paler variety. ‘The figures represent specimens from the type slide on M. Javanus from Java.

LaBoULBENIA Miscetit Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 19-20.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 189. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, long and slender, translucent, pale brownish olive, slightly narrowed at the base
to form a short paler stalk which lies opposite the insertion-cell; the tip long, not very abruptly distin-
guished, paler below, straight or turned slightly outward, distally blackened on the inner side; the lips
variable, rather prominent. Receptacle rather short and stout, darker olive-brown; the basal cell pale
yellowish. Insertion-cell nearly as broad as cells [V-V. Basal cell of outer appendage blackish brown
externally, bearing a single terminal branch of less diameter, externally suffused with blackish brown,
slightly curved outward and bearing two or three branchlets from the inner side which are hyaline, their
basal cells somewhat suffused with brown; the basal cell of the inner appendage smaller than that of the
outer, nearly hyaline and bearing a branch on either side similar to the outer appendage; both the ap-
pendages and their branches erect, subappressed. Perithecia including base 145-180 y. ‘Total length
to tip of perithecium 240-300 1; to insertion-cell 90-130 4; greatest width 35-40 yw. Appendages, longer
150

At base of posterior legs of Miscelus sp., Paris Museum, No. 114 bis, Isles des Moluques.

This species is too closely allied to L. Corethropsis, of which it will probably prove to be merely a
variety. It differs in its paler color, and erect and unsuffused appendages, which are however, very
similar in structure. The general appearance of the two is distinctly different and they are kept apart
provisionally until more and better material of both forms can be examined.

LABOULBENIA SEPARATA Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 1-2.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 200. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium pale olivaceous, the inner margin convex, the outer nearly straight; the tip rather
abruptly distinguished, blackened, but not uniformly, below the inner lip-edges which are prominent, oliva-
ceous, translucent, the right inner lip prolonged to form a slender nearly hyaline finger-like projection,
the tip of which is blunt and somewhat swollen. Receptacle relatively large dull olivaceous, cells, II,
III, and IV sometimes becoming blackish brown externally, cells III and IV rather large; the insertion-
cell close to the base of the perithecium, half as broad as cells [V and V. Outer appendage curved strongly
outward, opaque and indistinguishable from the insertion-cell, bearing three or four branches from its
convex side which are mostly once branched; the inner appendage consisting of a small basal cell, bearing

Syke) THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

a branch on either side externally blackened, somewhat curved outward, and bearing three or four branch-
lets which are curved toward the perithecium, externally or wholly brownish toward the base. Perithecia
100-110 * 25-30 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 220-260 1; to insertion-cell 130-165 4; greatest
width 55 . The prolongation of the lip-cell extending about 20 / or more beyond the tip of the perithe-
cium,

On Pericallus guttatus Chev., Brit. Mus. No. 571, Java. Margins of elytra.

This well marked species is allied to L. corethropsis and L. fissa, the general characters of the ap-
pendages being similar in all three species. "The conformation of the tip of the perithecium in the present
species, with its obliquely projecting finger-like outgrowth, as well as its general form, large receptacle,
and small perithecium, serve abundantly to distinguish it. On the other hand it appears to be allied to
L. Coptodere from Mexico, figured in my Monograph, as are also the two other species above mentioned.

LABOULBENIA INSIGNIS Thaxter. Plate LXI, fig. 2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 43. June, 1902.

Perithecium free except the base, straight, nearly symmetrical, brown, translucent or transparent,
paler below; the wall-cells spiral, describing about half a turn from the base to the tip, which is abruptly
distinguished, nearly symmetrical, abruptly opaque below the broadly subhyaline, faintly brownish lips,
which are not prominent and form a somewhat angular-truncate or very slightly oblique apex. Distal
and basal portions of the receptacle very thick-walled, punctate, abruptly distinguished; the basal cell
hyaline or faintly reddish brown, nearly parallel with the perithecium; the subbasal cell larger and longer,
more or less prominently and gradually constricted toward the middle; the straight anterior margin of
the distal portion of the receptacle abruptly divergent and formed by cell VI and the secondary stalk-cell,
both of which become deeply suffused with black brown, except the base of cell VI which is concolorous
with the subbasal cell, from the upper half or less of which it is obliquely separated: cell II] and IV subequal
and separated by a slight constriction, faintly brownish or subhyaline, their margins slightly convergent
toward the thick, jet black, constricted, slightly oblique insertion-cell; the inner margin of which is free
from the base of the perithecium. Basal cell of the outer appendage squarish or slightly longer than
broad, bearing above its outer upper angle a single opaque contrasting short branch (broken in the types
but evidently bearing several branchlets); the basal cell of the inner appendage somewhat smaller, bearing
a branch on either side; each branch thrice closely branched, their short basal cells, which are subhyaline
or faintly reddish brown, each successively bearing two or three divergent stout branchlets; the series
ending in branchlets of the fourth or fifth order, which are deep brown, slender, stiff, divergent, thirty
or more in all. Spores 185 X 6.5 yw. Perithecia 290-310 X 80-87 p. Receptacle 365-540 X 150 yp.
Appendages (broken) 220-250 4 or more. Total length to tip of perithecium 600-650 yp.

On inferior thorax of T’hyreopterus brevicollis K\., Madagascar; Berlin Museum, No. 934.

One of the largest and finest species of the genus, the three mature specimens examined being in good
condition except that the tips of the ultimate branchlets are broken in all cases. As far as can be deter-
mined from the specimens, one of which is quite young, the basal cell of the outer appendage bears only
a single opaque branch, all the rest belonging to the inner appendage. Its relationships to other species
are not evident and it is placed provisionally near L. palmella and L. forficulata, both of which occur on
allied hosts. ;

Laboulbenia Lebie nov. sp. Plate LXI, figs. 3-4.

Perithecium faintly olivaceous, deeper below; the cells at or about its base more deeply suffused,
especially externally, and more or less distinctly elevated above the surrounding surface; the body of the
perithecium tapering more or less evenly and considerably to the tip, which is not abruptly distinguished
except by its contrasting blackish color, and is usually turned strongly outward and somewhat sidewise,
the translucent lip-edges external, olivaceous. Receptacle rather long and slender, tapering gradually
from the distal region to the base; dirty olivaceous yellow; cell III distally, and cell IV almost wholly,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ, 371

suffused with olive brown, the latter prominent below the black insertion-cell; cell III slightly longer than
cell VI which lies erect beside it. The outer appendage consisting of a somewhat incurved series of about
three obliquely superposed cells, the basal large, externally suffused with olive-brown, the rest successively
smaller, yellowish, all bearing distally a branch from a nearly horizontal base, the branches mostly once or
more branched and more or less deeply suffused; the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell somewhat
smaller than that of the outer, which bears on either side a branch somewhat similar to the outer append-
age: the whole forming a dense tuft of branches mostly opaque or deeply suffused with olivaceous brown,
and strongly curved toward, or partly across, the perithecium. Perithectum 165 « 50 y. Appendages,
longest 125 ». Receptacle 360 < 60 4. ‘Total length 500 yp.

At the base of the posterior legs of Lebia sp., Java, Rouyer, No. 1398.

A smaller form, which cannot be separated from this species, occurs on the legs of the host (fig. 4),
and differs in the blunt straight tip of its perithecium, the absence of dark suffusions, except in the append-
ages and at the tip of the perithecium, in its ill developed appendages, and in the greater prominence of
the cells about the base of the perithecium. The latter character is one which distinguishes this species
from any other known to me, and the type form represented in fig. 3, can hardly be confused with any
other. It appears to be somewhat allied to L. insignis, but not at all closely.

LABOULBENIA AUSTRALIENSIS Thaxter.

Additional material of this species on Acrogenys hirsuta from Australia has been obtained from the
British Museum No. 668 and from the Berlin Museum No. 943. The branches of the appendages appear
to be very brittle, and in most of the adults are so broken that their true character is obscured. The vari-
able basal cell of the outer appendage, unlike those of the specimens figured in my Monograph, is apt to be
more or less completely and deeply suffused, and in general gives rise to an outer and an inner branch; the
inner hyaline and usually furcate above its basal cell; the successive cells of the main axis of the outer,
about three in number, more or less deeply suffused, especially externally, each giving rise distally, some-
times from both the inner and outer angles, to rigid branchlets, which may be simple or, especially in the
lowest, commonly bear several secondary branchlets which grow upward. ‘This type of branching seen
in the outer appendage is unusual, and the‘species is well distinguished.

LABOULBENIA PROMINENS Thaxter. Plate LIX, fig. 14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 195. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium short and stout, less than half free from the receptacle, nearly opaque blackish brown
lighter distally, the short broad blunt black tip rather abruptly distinguished on the inner side. Recep-
tacle rather stout, cells I and II dirty yellowish or subhyaline, the rest more or less deeply suffused with
blackish brown; all the cells except cell I marked by fine transverse striations more distinct on the suffused
portions; cells III and IV large and prominent, the insertion-cell broad but narrower than cells [V-V.
Outer appendage consisting of a short irregular cell abruptly prominent externally above the insertion-cell,
narrowed distally and bearing two branches antero-posteriorly, the outer externally deep blackish brown,
once branched, its outer branchlet blackened and also branched, the inner consisting of a short basal cell
which bears an inner and an outer branchlet, all the branchlets pale brown, except the outermost which
is blackened, curved outward: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell smaller than that of the
outer, irregular and bearing a branch on either side; each once branched, the branchlets like those of
the outer appendage. Perithecia 150 X 52 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 310-330 y; to insertion-
cell 275 yp. Greatest width 95-100 ». Spores 75 X 7 p.

On Pericallus guttatus Chev., Brit. Mus. No. 571, Java. On legs.

A stout species, the form of which is similar in general to that of L. Maylayensis the distal part of the
receptacle (cells III-V) being as large as the whole remainder. The appendages are, however, quite dif-
ferent, as is the form and position of the perithecium. But two specimens of the species have been exam-
ined, in both of which the tips of the ultimate branchlets of the appendages are broken.

ole THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

LABOULBENIA DISTINCTA Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 15-16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 172. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium short and broad, wholly united to the receptacle except the tip, clear dark brown, darker
distally, the tip large, blackish, somewhat compressed, the lips translucent smoky brown, not prominently
distinguished. Receptacle short and stout, the distal portion larger than the basal; cells I, I, and VI
transparent yellowish, the rest smoky brown, marked by closely set fine transverse lines; cells III and
IV relatively very large, subequal. Insertion-cell two thirds as broad as cells [V-V. Outer appendage
consisting of four superposed cells, the three lower flat and subequal; the second subbasal, and third
bearing single simple or once branched upcurved branches from their inner sides; hyaline becoming
dark brown, the two lower larger and nearly equal, the uppermost cell much smaller almost opaque pro-
ducing a similar branch from its inner side and a terminal branch which is deep brown curved outward
and upward, slender, simple; the inner branches of the three cells all at first hyaline, mostly once branched ;
later developing a dark brown contrasting suffusion above their basal cells: the imner append-
age consisting of a small basal cell producing a branch on either side, the basal cell of which is larger
than that of the appendage, and bears two branchlets basally suffused with brown like those of the outer
appendage. Perithecia 130 X 50 #. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 275 p; to insertion-cell 250 y;
greatest width 95 yw. Appendages, longest 235 p.

On margin of elytra of Pericallus ceruleovirens 'Tat., Brit. Mus. No. 570, Singapore.

The appendages of this very distinct species are quite different from those of any described form.
The receptacle is somewhat similar to that of L. prominens, cells III and IV being relatively very large,
each bulging prominently, but separated by a marked constriction. ‘Two mature specimens only have
been examined. 'The tip of the branch at the extreme left in fig. 15, has been supplied, being broken in
the adult specimens, though present in the young, fig. 16.

LABOULBENIA ACANTHOPHORA Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 27. June, 1902.

Pale smoky brown. Perithecium relatively very large and elongate, the lower wall-cells forming a
well-developed stalk, slightly narrower and paler than the main body which is very long, straight, but
slightly inflated; the tip stout, more deeply suffused, well differentiated; one of the lip-cells forming a
median, terminal, erect, slightly curved and tapering, blunt-tipped, dark brown projection, the lower
half broader, the whole more than twice as long as a similar second outgrowth which, arising near its
base, curves outward on the right side (the perithecium being considered anterior). Basal cell of recep-
tacle subhyaline, more than twice as long as broad, the subbasal subisodiametric, darker brown than
the other cells; cells III and VI subequal, lying perpendicularly side by side, both several times longer
than broad; cell IV about as long as cell III; cell V small, obliquely separated. Insertion-cell black,
well defined. Outer appendage (broken) simple (?) its basal cells blackened; the branches curved
outward, externally blackened below, and giving rise above to several successive branchlets. Spores
75 X 4.5 p. Perithecium (main body) 220 X 50 y; stalk 60 X 30 #; terminal appendage 60 . Re-
ceptacle 220 X 65 p. Appendages (broken) 150 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 580 p.

On the elytra of Pericallus sp.; Sharp Collection, No. 1202; East Indies.

The general habit of this species, which is represented by a single type specimen, is peculiar. The
perithecium is much longer than the receptacle, which is shaped like a butter-spat, cell I forming the
handle, cell II being somewhat abruptly broader, and cells III and VI being almost paired. The species
is most nearly related to L. ceratophora, from which it differs, however, in numerous important points
which are too obvious to need enumeration.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA. 310

LABOULBENIA CERATOPHORA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 32-35.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 163. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium wholly free, borne on a short nearly hyaline stalk, slightly tinged with brown, for the
most part nearly straight, rather slender, hardly inflated, the outer margin usually slightly concave; taper-
ing slightly and rather abruptly to the peculiarly modified tip; the tip black, except externally immedi-
ately about the pore, a large broad tooth-like prominence projecting inward, the upper surface of which
is nearly horizontal; while it is continued upward and outward above and beyond the lateral pore into
a longer more slender, finger-like, bluntly tipped outgrowth, the lower or external margin of which may
be partly hyaline. Receptacle yellowish tinged with brown distally, where it is rather abruptly, but
slightly, broader above cell LH, cell IV small and hardly longer than cell V, cells III and VI subequal.
Insertion-cell opposite the distal extremity of the short perithecial stalk. The basal cell of the outer
appendage longer and narrower than that of the inner, becoming concolorous with the insertion-cell,
bearing a single branch of usually three cells more or less deeply tinged with brown, each of which may
give rise distally on the inner side to a short simple branchlet: the inner appendage consisting of a basal
cell shorter and broader, which usually bears distally on either side a branch, the basal cell of which
usually bears distally two erect simple branchlets, one of them sometimes replaced by a single large long-
necked brown antheridium. Perithecia, including the stalk (17 4), 150-155 X 30 ». ‘Total length to
tip of perithecium 290-310 4; to insertion-cell 150 4; greatest width 35 4. Appendages, longer 200 p.

On Serrimargo guttiger Schaum, Hope Collection, No. 300, Sumatra; on Miscelus Javanus Klug.,
Hope Collection, No. 303, Java; on Miscelus sp., New Guinea, Paris Museum, No. 113 Type. On
elytra and inferior surface of the prothorax.

A well marked species, nearly allied to L. Javana, from which it is distinguished by the conforma-
tion of the tip of its perithecium, as well as by other differences which appear to be constant in the ma-
terial examined, and are sufficiently indicated in the accompanying figures.

LaBOULBENIA ASSAMENSIS Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 36-39.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 159. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium rather long and slender, usually straight and erect, free except at its very base, evenly
suffused with dark slightly reddish brown, paler distally, tapering very slightly and gradually to the not
abruptly differentiated tip which is somewhat rounded, slightly bent inward and suffused with blackish
brown; the left lateral lip-cell prolonged to form a blackish blunt-tipped prominent outgrowth, which is
either erect or bent slightly outward or inward. Receptacle dirty brownish yellow, punctate with fine
rather indistinct transverse striations, cell V very small, often hardly visible against the perithecium.
Appendages concolorous with the receptacle, the outer simple, straight, rigid, mostly somewhat diver-
gent; the inner consisting of a basal cell often as large as that of the outer, and giving rise on either
side distally to a branch similar to the outer appendage which bears several lateral antheridia near the
base. Perithecium (including outgrowth 18 4) 185-190 X 33-37 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
375-450 mw; to insertion-cell 185-300 4; greatest width about 48 4. Appendages, 150 yu.

On Catascopus? sp., Brit. Mus. No. 663, Assam, India. Inferior surface.

Allied to LZ. tenwis, in which the appendages are very similar, and to L. Sumatra, L. Javana and
L. ceratophora; although the conformation of the perithecial tip is quite different from either. The
material is sufficient and in good condition.

LABOULBENIA JAVANA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 17-20.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 182. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium about two thirds or less free, sessile, tinged with brown, paler in the middle, the distal
portion hyaline and tapering considerably to the greatly modified tip, which is deeply suffused with black-
ish brown and bears two often symmetrically placed divergent outgrowths, the inner broader at the base
and much shorter than the outer which is finger-like, with a hyaline area above, close beside the sub-

3/4 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

terminal pore: the outer of these two projections appears, through a twist in the perithecium, to lie on
the inner side. Receptacle pale yellowish with brownish shades, the deeply suffused base of the peri-
thecium opposite the upper half of cell III or lower; the distal portion usually so twisted and bent in
conjunction with the perithecium that it crosses the latter and the appendages at a considerable angle.
Insertion-cell higher than the middle of the perithecium. Appendages concolorous with the receptacle,
the outer simple, consisting of a basal cell, large, long, usually more or less suffused, and distally slightly
geniculate so that the remainder of the appendage is bent abruptly toward the perithecium, the basal
cell of the inner appendage smaller, bearing a single branch on either side which may be once branched.
Perithecia about 100 long, exclusive of outgrowth, 27 » broad. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 190 y;
to insertion-cell 140 ». Appendages 130 #. Distance from tip to tip of perithecial outgrowths 45-48 p.

On Pericallus cicindeloides MacLeay, Paris Museum, No. 143, Tongou, Java. On inferior surface
of thorax.

This curious form is chiefly remarkable for the peculiar conformation of the tip of its perithecium,
the outgrowths from which are more highly developed than they are in any of the other terrestrial forms.
It is most nearly related to L. Swmatre, in which the tip of the perithecium is somewhat similar, though
less peculiarly developed.

LABOULBENIA SUMATRE Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 13-16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 203. Dec., 1899.

Perithectum small, pale amber-colored, darker and somewhat inflated below, tapering distally;
the tip, only, free from the receptacle, not distinguished from the body of the perithecium, long, nearly
hyaline below, the lip-cells abruptly spreading, contrasting, black except about the pore and peculiarly
modified, the two outer broadly rounded, the two inner developing outgrowths which grow inward and
upward; that on the right side longer than the left, narrower and indented near the base on the inner side.
Receptacle concolorous with the perithecium, paler below, marked by faint fine transverse striations.
Appendages concolorous with the receptacle, the outer simple, stiff, curved slightly outward, the inner
consisting of a basal cell smaller than that of the outer and bearing on either side a branch which may be
once branched at the base. Perithecium 92 X 22 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 200 y; to inser-
tion-cell 166 4. Appendages about 185 yu.

At base of anterior legs of Catascopus cupripennis 'Thoms., Hope Collection, No. 291 Borneo, No.
299 Sumatra.

This little species is intermediate between L. tenuis and L. Javana, approaching the latter very closely,
though differing in the peculiar conformation of the tip of the perithecium and the relation of the latter
to the receptacle, which is normal in form, and undistorted. The outer appendage also differs in being
straight, with a relatively smaller basal cell.

LaBouLBENIA Mrcatonycui Thaxter. Plate LVIII, fig. 2.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXX VIII, p. 46. June, 1902.

Hyaline, becoming very faintly tinged with yellowish brown. Perithecium about one half or more
free, slightly divergent, short, stout, tapering slightly from the broad basal half to the tip; which is, as a
rule, bent abruptly inward, rarely outward, or erect, rather small and well-distinguished by its long external
contrasting broadly blackened margin, and by a shorter broadly blackened area below the small, promi-
nently rounded inner lips; the lip-edges horizontal, or nearly so. Receptacle rather long and slender;
cells I and II of nearly equal diameter, the latter large; while between it and cell III and VI the receptacle
may be abruptly and strongly twisted; cells III and VI subequal, the former higher; cell IV slightly
smaller; cell V relatively large, the inner half or less of its inner margin free between the perithecium and
the broad, thick, black contrasting insertion-cell. Outer appendage consisting of three superposed, dis-
tinctly brown, successively smaller cells, each nearly twice as long as broad; each of the two lower

€

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 375

producing distally from its inner side a simple hyaline abruptly erect branch, the terminal one bearing
two such branches distally. Basal cell of the inner appendage half as large as that of the outer, bearing
on each side a branch which bears one or more branchlets and, bending across the outer appendage,
is often characteristically recurved beyond it. Spores 58 X 5 yw. Perithecia 100-125 « 40-50 ». Re-
ceptacle 275-360 4. Appendages 185 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 300-435 pz.

On the right inferior prothorax of Megalonychus patrobioides, Chincoxo, E. Africa; Berlin Museum,
No. 1037; on M. Angolensis Harold, No. 1039.

A species well distinguished in all its characters and not closely related to any other. The material
on M. Angolensis is all immature, but undoubtedly belongs to this species.

LABOULBENIA OBLIQUATA Thaxter. Plate LVIII, fig. 3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 48. June, 1902.

Color pale amber-yellow. Perithecium almost wholly free, distally bent abruptly outward or almost
recurved; the base slightly inflated; tapering somewhat, distally, to the apex; the tip hardly distinguished,
irregularly bent or twisted; the asymmetrical lip-cells forming irregular projections, the two inner sub-
tended by unequal dark patches. Subbasal cell of the receptacle somewhat longer than the basal, nearly
as broad as the distal portion of the receptacle; cells III and VI subequal; cell IV subtriangular; cell
V broad and short, carrying the thick contrasting black insertion-cell out free from the perithecium.
Outer appendage simple (or distally branched ?), slightly divergent; the basal cell somewhat inflated,
abruptly broader than the subbasal cell, its basal third or more obliquely involved by the opacity of the
insertion cell: the basal cell of the inner appendage similar to that of the outer, without suffusion, bearing
a short branch on either side, each of which may bear several branchlets. Spores 45 3.5 y. Perithe-
cia 165-170 X 40 pw. Receptacle 185-200 X 45 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 325-360 yj.

On elytra of Coptodera gagatina Dej., Brazil; Berlin Museum No. 978.

This species is distinguished by the abrupt curvature of its perithecium, the peculiar modification of
the tip of the latter, and the oblique black suffusion of the basal cell of the outer appendage, which is
continuous with the opacity of the insertion-cell, and contrasts strongly with the otherwise general pale
yellowish color. It appears to be more nearly allied to the group of forms on Pericallus and allied hosts
of the East Indies.

LABOULBENIA TENUIS Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 24-26.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 204. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium relatively small and narrow, dull amber-yellow to brown, the upper half or more free
from the receptacle, tapering somewhat distally, curved toward and partly across the appendages; the
tip not well distinguished, broad, its distal margin often concave, the lips projecting slightly on either side,
the lip-cells black, except about the pore. Receptacle slender, amber-yellow, becoming tinged with brown
especially distally, strongly curved throughout, the concave side anterior. Insertion-cell black and thick,
narrower than cells IV and V. Appendages straight and rigid, the outer usually simple, its basal cell
large bulging and blackened externally, much larger than that of the inner appendage which gives rise to
-a branch on either side with short antheridial branches near the base. Perithecia 90-130 & 22-26 yu.
Total length to tip of perithecium 250-500 y; to insertion-cell 425-185 . Greatest width 37-55 y.
Appendages more than 200 y (broken).

On Miscelus Javanus Klug., Hope Collection, No. 308, Java; on Miscelus sp., Paris Museum,
Nos. 114 and 115, New Guinea; on Catascopus ? sp. Brit. Mus. No. 663, Assam India. On the elytra
and inferior surface.

This species is well distinguished by its subfalcate habit, the whole plant being evenly curved from
base to tip, the small narrow perithecium with its broad obtuse tip lying against the straight appressed
appendages. ‘The receptacle is relatively long and slender, and faintly punctate. The material from
Assam (fig. 26) though much larger and darker than the type form from New Guinea (figs. 24-5), is other-

376 THAXTER.— MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/.

wise identical with it. The species appears to be allied to L. subconstricta, L. aristata, and several others
of the numerous and varied forms which occur on these and other nearly related genera of East Indian
Carabidie. The maximum measurements given above apply to the form on Catascopus.

LABOULBENIA SUBCONSTRICTA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 30-31.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 203. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium less than one half free, rather small, curved strongly and evenly toward the appendages,
evenly suffused with dark brown or lighter distally; the tip black, not abruptly distinguished, the lips
distinct with a broad hyaline margin about the pore. Receptacle dull amber-yellow, cells 1V and V, some-
times cell III, less deeply suffused with brown; cell I narrow, straight, but slightly enlarged distally; cell
II abruptly much larger, symmetrically and prominently constricted in the middle; cells III and IV rela-
tively, large and broad. Outer appendage simple, the basal cell moderately large; externally or wholly
blackened; the rest of the appendage straight, rigid, directed across the tip of the perithecium: inner
appendage consisting of a smaller basal cell which bears one or two branches similar to the outer append-
age. Perithecia 85 X 25 w. Total length to tip of perithecium about 200 y; to insertion-cell 165 yp;
greatest width 50 4. Appendages, broken, about 150 u or a little more.

On Catascopus sp., Paris Museum, No. 116, New Guinea. On anterior inferior margin of thorax
on the right side.

This species is very closely allied to L. tenwis, but differs in its short stout perithecium, and in the
peculiar form of its receptacle, which does not vary in the five types.

LABOoULBENIA Evcuiue® Thaxter. Plate LV, fig. 13-14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 36. June, 1902.

Slender, nearly uniform pale dirty yellowish throughout. Perithecium relatiyely small with a faint
brownish tinge, about four fifths free, erect, straight; the tip fairly well distinguished, the inner lip-cells
large, prominent, rounded, the lip-edges outwardly oblique. Receptacle slender and long, punctate,
the subbasal cell much longer than the basal, nearly isodiametric, or swollen above the basal cell and
broader than the distal part of the receptacle, which is separated from its distal end by a prominent con-
striction; cells III and VI subequal, or cell III larger; cell V very small; cell IV longer than broad,
becoming externally tinged with brownish. Insertion-cell relatively thick, free, narrow. Appendages
becoming wholly dark brown, in contrast to the rest of the plant; the outer simple, or once furcate above
the third cell; the basal cell more than twice as long as broad; the basal cell of the inner appendage less
than one half as large as that of the outer, bearing a usually simple branch on either side, which bears
single antheridia near its base. Spores 60 X 4.5 yw. Perithecia 100 X 30 yp. Receptacle 220-250 x
35-40 ». Appendages 150 yp. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 300-350 yp.

At the base of the anterior legs of Euchila flavilabris Dej., Brazil; Berlin Museum, No. 938.

This pale dirty brownish yellow, evenly colored species is well distinguished by the peculiar con-
formation of its receptacle; cell II being greatly enlarged, and the receptacle immediately above it dis-
tinctly narrowed, forming a constriction. The appendages become very dark contrasting brown; but
in all the specimens examined, which are sufficiently numerous, though not in the best condition, the
perithecium remains concolorous with the receptacle and without dark shades. !

LABOULBENIA TUBERCULIFERA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 1-3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 208. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium deeply suffused with smoky brown, free except the lower fifth; the tip not abruptly
distinguished, nearly black, the distal margin somewhat oblique, mostly straight with an outer more or
less ill defined tooth-like prominence; in general variable, the lip-cells not prominent. Receptacle rather
long and slender, cell I quite hyaline below, distally tinged with deep brown and coarsely punctate; cell
II tinged with brown and punctate below with scattered black-brown dots, otherwise nearly hyaline,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. Ore

except a series of deep brown short tubercular transverse ridges on one side of cell TV, and the basal
cells of the perithecium which are deep brown, the rest subhyaline, cell IV bulging. Outer appendage
simple, slender, the basal cell sometimes long and somewhat inflated: the inner appendage consisting
of a small basal cell with a short branch on either side. Perithecia about 140 x 50 ». ‘Total length
to tip of perithecium, average 340 y; to insertion-cell, average 225 4; greatest width 60 ». Appendages
225 mw (longest).

On Serrimargo guttiger Schaum., Brit. Mus. No. 558, Penang, East Indies. On base of elytra.

This species is closely allied to L. leucophewa and L. corrugata, being the least characteristic of the
three. It is distinguished from L. leuwcophwa, which it most nearly resembles in the relation of its peri-
thecium to the receptacle. The short basal cell of the latter, the punctation of the subbasal cell in
connection with its suffusion, and in the very differently shaped perithecial tip, which is without any
finger-like projections.

LABOULBENIA LEUCOPHHA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 9-11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 183. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium dark brown, almost opaque, rather small, hardly more than the tip free from the recep-
tacle; the tip relatively large and long, bent slightly outward, not abruptly differentiated, black except
around the pore, the right inner lip forming a hyaline nearly median blunt outgrowth which is bent slightly
outward. Receptacle sometimes twisted at the distal end of and above cell II; cell I hyaline; cell II
suffused with brown, in some cases with deeper brown transverse elevations on one side; the lower half
of cell III and cell VI hyaline, the rest of the receptacle concolorous with the perithecium. The outer
appendage simple, its basal cell four or more times as long as broad, curved toward the perithecium; the
basal cell of the inner appendage very small, bearing in general a single short branch, both appendages
pale yellowish. Perithecium to tip of outgrowth 130-150 « 35-40 p. Total length to tip of perithe-
cium 325-375 p; to insertion-cell 250-290 4; greatest width 55-65 yw. Appendages about 200 p.

On mid-elytron and base of legs of Serrimargo guttiger Schaum., Hope Collection, No. 300, Sumatra.

This species is closely allied to L. corrugata and L. tuberculifera, but differs from both in the rela-
tion of its perithecium to the receptacle, and the conformation of the tip. Of two original preparations
one has unfortunately been destroyed, so that the species is represented by two individuals only.

LABOULBENIA CORRUGATA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 6-8.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 168. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium rather small, irregular, free from the receptacle except*at the base, blackish brown,
darker and almost opaque below, a rounded distal elevation extending completely around the perithe-
cium, broader externally, forming a nearly opaque broad collar, above which the tip is very abruptly
distinguished; the latter subhyaline basally, a dark median external and internal suffusion, the lips
translucent, faintly brownish, the two outer rounded and curved inward between the two inner, which
form two free slightly unequal divergent blunt-pointed projections. Receptacle rather long and slender,
pale brownish yellow with deeper brown suffusions about the distal region of cell I and the basal region
of cell Il; the basal cells of the perithecium opaque and cell IV and V more deeply suffused; a series of
prominent blackish brown tuberculate ridges extend more than half way across the receptacle from the
anterior margin, beginning below the insertion-cell and extend as far as the base of cell I, cell IV bulging
distally outside the thick rather narrow insertion-cell. Outer appendage simple, erect, tapering, yel-
lowish; inner appendage consisting of a smaller basal cell with a similar and shorter branch on either
side. Perithecia 120 x 37-40 u. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 340 4; to insertion-cell 200 4; great-
est width 60 ». Appendages 185 yp.

On base of the elytron of Serrimargo guttiger Schaum., Hope Collection, No. 300, Sarawak, Borneo.

This species, although closely allied to L. tuberculifera and L. lewcophea, is readily distinguished
from either by the peculiar conformation of the distal portion of the body of its perithecium, as well as

378 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

by the two ear-like processes from its rounded tip. The tuberculars corrugations are also more promi-
3 ] i g
nent and differently placed. Two mature specimens, only, have been examined.

LLABOULBENIA NOTATA Thaxter. Plate LVI, fig. 18.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 47. June, 1902.

Perithecium straight, erect, hardly more than the tip free, almost or quite opaque distally, paler
below; covered with scattered wart-like protuberances; the tip abruptly distinguished, opaque, sepa-
rated from the body of the perithecium by a subhyaline zone; the apex broadly hyaline, truncate, some-
what angular. Receptacle elongate throughout; the basal cell relatively small, dark brown, somewhat
contrasting, the rest pale brownish yellow to dark brown; distally more or less conspicuously marked
by scattered brown warts; cell VI very long and slender, overlapping cell II for some distance, the cells
above it also unusually elongate; cell II] very long and slender, separated from cell II by a narrow hori-
zontal septum; cell V relatively small. Insertion-cell somewhat oblique, thick, black, not abruptly
narrower than the cells below it. Outer appendage simple, short, the basal cell several times longer
than broad, the remainder more slender, brown, contrasting with the basal cell. Inner appendage con-
sisting of a basal cell more than half as long as that of the outer, bearing distally on either side a short
simple branch similar to the outer appendage but paler. Perithecia 271 * 55 w. Receptacle 1100 x
75 p. Appendages about 185 . ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 1150 yp.

On Thyreopterus armatus Cast., Madagascar; Berlin Museum, No. 933.

A very peculiar, coarsely warted form, evidently related to the other members of the series with
simple outer appendages, which occur on hosts of this and of allied genera. A single full grown indi-
vidual only has been examined which is illustrated in fig, 13.

LABOULBENIA PROTRUDENS Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 7-8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 196. Dec., 1899.

Perithecitum smoky brown with a tinge of olive, the outer margin concave, relatively small; the tip,
only, free from the receptacle, short, broad, subtruncate not abruptly differentiated, bent slightly outward,
black except around the pore. Receptacle dirty olivaceous, faintly punctate above cell I which is, except
at the base, concolorous with perithecium; cells IV and V forming a somewhat angular protrusion which
carries the insertion-cell out free from and beyond the tip of the perithecium. Insertion-cell less than
half as broad as the adjacent distal margins of cells IV and V, which form a flat surface in which the
insertion-cell is mostly central. Outer appendage arising from a small roundish basal cell, simple or once
branched, the branches short, tapering, nearly hyaline; the basal cell of the inner appendage very small,
bearing one or two short tapering hyaline branches. Perithecia 95-110 X 34 yw. ‘Total length to tip of
perithecium 280 y; to insertion-cell about the same measurement; greatest width 66 yp.

On Pericallus cicindeloides MacLeay, Paris Museum, No. 144, Tongou, Java. On mid-elytron.

The general appearance of this species, owing to the peculiar relation of the perithecium and recep-
tacle, recalls that of L. Schizogenit and L. Morionis. The character of the appendages makes it seem
probable that it is allied to some of the simpler forms which occur on this and on related hosts, as for
example L. arisiata, L. tenuis, L. Maylayensis etc., rather than to forms of the “Clivine” group.

LABOULBENIA Matayensis Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 17-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 185. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium clear translucent brown with a slight olive tinge, becoming almost opaque; united to
the receptacle, except the abruptly distinguished tip which is hyaline, all but the blackened lips; the latter
turned abruptly usually to the right, forming a lateral somewhat irregularly four-lobed papilla in which
the hyaline pore is central. Cells I and II of the receptacle about equal in length, nearly hyaline, often
distally olivaceous; cells III and IV relatively large, translucent olive-brown, cell IV bulging distally so
that the dark but not opaque insertion-cell is turned obliquely toward the tip of the perithecium; cells

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE, 379

VI and the basal cells of the receptacle more or less tinged with olive-brown forming an elevation so that
the perithecium appears indented below, all the cells except cell I marked by fine transverse striations.
Outer appendage simple, the basal cell rather large, often externally indented near the base, the second
and third cells nearly equal, narrower than the basal cell and the cells immediately above them; the rest
of the appendage tapering to the hyaline attenuated elongate distal portion; the inner appendage consist-
ing of a basal cell one third as large as that of the outer and bearing a single branch on either side, one
or both of which may be elongate much like the outer appendage, bearing one or two short slender antheri-
dial branches near the base, which are bent rather abruptly upward from their point of origin; the branches
all distally hyaline and attenuated; the basal cells faintly reddish. Perithecia, average 110 & 37 yp.
Total length to tip of perithecium 260-280 y; to insertion-cell 250-275 4; greatest width 75 yu. Append-
ages, longest 375 yu.

At base of posterior legs of Pericallus ceruleovirens Tat., Brit. Mus. No. 570, Singapore.

This species is well defined by its general form, the relation of the perithecium to the receptacle, and
the conformation of the outer appendage, which is similar to that of L. aristata; but especially from the
peculiar conformation and twist which characterize the tip of the perithecium. The four mature speci-
mens examined are all in good condition and show no variation.

LABOULBENIA ARISTATA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 27-29.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 158. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium less than one half free from the receptacle, pale amber-yellow, straight and symmetrical
or nearly so, the tip well distinguished, symmetrical, blackish, the lip-cells symmetrically rounded and
protruding slightly on either side, their distal margins straight and horizontal, or nearly so. Receptacle
concolorous with the perithecium, cell I tinged with brown, a brownish shade below the base of the peri-
thecium, cell IV bulging distally where it is rather faintly suffused with blackish. Outer appendage
simple, the basal cell more than twice as long as it is broad, the two cells above it abruptly narrower and
equal; two or three of the cells above these broader with thicker walls, the rest of the appendage tapering;
the whole rigid, straight, erect or bent toward the tip of the perithecium, a part of which it may overlap;
inner appendage consisting of a small basal cell bearing a very short one- or two-celled branch on either
side. Perithecia 95-110 X 30 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 240-260 y; to insertion-cell 185—
200 ; greatest width 60 4. Appendages 260-330 p.

On a carabid (near Pericallus), Hope Collection, No. 322, Bouro, East Indies (A. R. Wallace).
On superior margin of prothorax.

This species bears some resemblance to L. erecta, from which it differs in the conformation of the bul-
bous tip of its perithecium, the relation of the latter to the insertion-cell and the enlargement of the recep-
tacle below the insertion-cell, which is slightly bent (fig. 27), the outer appendage lying across or against
the tip of the perithecium.

LABOULBENIA PLATYSTOMA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 4-5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 194. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free except at the very base, straight, rather long and narrow, pale amber-yellow becom-
ing slightly tinged with brown, slightly and symmetrically inflated; the tip black, opaque, the lip-cells
forming an abruptly spreading almost flat symmetrical termination with a slight median indentations,
two of the lips forming a small median hyaline truncate cone, the other two arching over them from the
outer and inner side, wholly opaque except their inner margins, the blackened part not quite meeting in
the median line. Receptacle medium, pale amber-yellow becoming tinged with brown distally. Outer
appendage mostly simple, the basal cell about twice as long as broad, often slightly inflated, the rest of
the appendage much narrower, straight, rigid, tinged with brown, tapering somewhat distally; the inner
appendage consisting of a basal cell about half as long as that of the outer, producing a branch on either
side; the branch usually bearing an antheridial branchlet near its base, the branches and the outer append-

380 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

age similar, often curved slightly outward, becoming tinged with brown. Perithecia 175 & 40 y; the
tip 37 u broad. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 325-400 1; to insertion-cell 185-230 4; greatest width
55-63 uw. Appendages about 175 p (longest).

On inferior surface of Catascopus sp., Paris Museum, No. 119, New Guinea.

This species, although closely allied to L. tenwis and L. aristata, is clearly distinguished from all others
by the very peculiar conformation of the symmetrical spreading tip of its perithecium, the detail of which
is shown in fig. 5; the black portions at the apex strongly suggesting the end of a pair of horizontal cut-
plyers, or blacksmith’s tongs. The material, though scanty, is in fairly good condition and shows no
essential variation. The differentiation of the three basal cells of the outer appendage is similar to that
of E. Maylayensis though less distinct and constant.

LABOULBENIA THyYREOPTERI Thaxter. Plates LV and LXIV, fig. 15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 205. Dec., 1899. JL. Borneensis Thaxter, 1. c., Vol. XX XVIII,
p. 28. June, 1902.

Perithecium nearly free, proportionately large, dull amber-brown, straight, narrower at the base,
the inner margin slightly convex, the outer concave through the presence of a prominent subterminal
hump, which is suffused with blackish brown, the suffusion often involving a fainter discoloration of the
subbasal wall-cell below it; the tip small, prominent, and abruptly differentiated, blackish with broad
hyaline lips. Receptacle slender, the basal cell black, opaque, mostly curved below, very slender; the
subbasal cell broader, suffused with blackish, mostly verrucose or coarsely punctate, the remaining cells
normal and concolorous with the perithecium. Insertion-cell thick and narrow. The outer appendage
simple, its basal cell long, undifferentiated, the basal cell of the inner appendage shorter, bearing a branch
distally on either side, all the branches similar, crowded, concolorous with the perithecium, erect, straight
or bent slightly toward the perithecium, the inmost in contact with it. Spores 55 X 4. Perithecia 140-
175 X 14-25 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 340-400 4; to insertion-cell 250-270 4. Appendages
120-140 p.

On the elytra of Thyreopterus flavosignatus Dej., Brit. Mus. No. 561, Port Natal, Africa. On Thyre-
opterus sp., Paris Museum, No. 125, Africa and Sharp Collection, No. 1201, South Borneo.

A reexamination of these forms shows that there is no essential difference between the African and
Borneo material, although the pale yellow color of the latter, Plate LV, which is formerly distinguished as
L. Borneensis, its more prominent perithecial hunch, the absence of the blackened induration of the basal
cells of its receptacle, and some other points, give it a somewhat different appearance. 'The species is a
peculiar one, and most nearly allied to L. ceratophora and others of the curious group of forms which occur
on this and related hosts.

LABOULBENIA FINITIMA Thaxter. Plate LX, figs. 21-23.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 176. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium one half to two thirds or more free, olivaceous brown, lighter distally, becoming wholly
dark brown, straight or curved outward, rarely inward; the tip broad, rounded, generally not well differen-
tiated, blackish. Receptacle relatively small, the basal cell hyaline or yellowish, the rest concolorous
with the perithecium; cells HIV lighter, cell VI extending down almost or quite to cell I. Appendages
brownish or pale olivaceous, the outer simple, its basal cell twice as long as broad, externally somewhat
rounded and more deeply tinged with brown; the basal cell of the inner appendage half as large, bearing
a branch on either side which is usually furcate above its basal cell: all the branches erect, closely appressed,
and often bent terminally across the tip of the perithecium which they scarcely exceed. Perithecia, aver-
age 125 X 45 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, average 240 y; to insertion-cell 145-150 4; greatest
width 48-50 . Appendages 30 p.

On Pericallus guttatus Chey., Paris Museum, No. 78, Brit. Mus. No. 571, Java; on P. cawruleovirens
Tat., Brit. Mus. No. 570, Singapore. On the legs.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEAS. 38 |

The type form of this species (fig. 21) strongly suggests L. scelophila, which occurs on the legs of
Platynus extensicollis in New England; but the two species are abundantly distinct. The variety repre-
sented in fig. 23 occurred with the normal form on P. ca@ruleovirens, and was associated with other forms
like fig. 22, in which the general habit is slightly different. The figures given are darker than they should
appear, the typical form having a somewhat translucent olive tint.

LABOULBENIA MICROSOMA Thaxter. Plate LX, fig. 12.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 187. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, several times as large as the receptacle, smoky brown darker basally and distally,
the longitudinal septa subhyaline, the outer margin concave, the inner convex; a subterminal external
small rounded elevation; the tip very broad, short, almost flat-topped, the outer angle almost a right angle,
the inner rounded. Receptacle consisting of a basal cell which is nearly hyaline, above which cells II,
III, and VI form an almost transverse row; cell II median, triangular, lying between the other two, the
receptacle abruptly expanded in this region; cells III and IV small and flattened: similar in size and
shape: cell V relatively large, lving within cells III and IV and extending quite to the base of the latter.
Insertion-cell and basal cells of the appendages nearly opaque and indistinguishable from one another,
the outer basal cell apparently producing two branches antero-posteriorly; the inner, a branch on either
side, all the branches (broken) brown, stiff, erect or slightly divergent. Perithecium 185 & 66 ». Total
length to tip of perithecium 295 «4; to insertion-cell 90 4; greatest width 65 p.

On Serrimargo guttiger Schaum., Brit. Mus. No. 560, Penang, East Indies. At base of posterior
legs.

The small rounded distal portion of the receptacle in this species recalls that of LZ. Formicarum, but
the cells are differently arranged. The relative size and arrangement of cells IJ, IV and V are quite
unusual. The appendages are unfortunately badly broken, but appear to be very similar to those of L.
Serrimarginis to which species I am inclined to believe it is most nearly allied. A single specimen only
has been examined.

LABOULBENIA MACULATA Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 21-22.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 184. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, dark brown becoming nearly opaque, the outer margin more convex than the inner;
somewhat constricted at the base, the tip rather abruptly distinguished externally, the margins nearly
straight, the inner lips small and prominent, the outer broad, straight, oblique. Receptacle abnormal,
cell I short, slender, curved, opaque; cell II nearly hyaline in the middle, brownish above, coarsely spotted
with blackish brown below, becoming darker and indistinguishable from cell I at its base; cell VI distally
nearly hyaline and narrow, extending down beside cell II nearly if not quite to cell I, its base spotted as
in cell II; cell VII (the “secondary stalk-cell”) external to it, the margin blackish brown especially dis-
tally, extending down beside cell VI to within a short distance of its base where it is similarly punctate
towards its base or throughout; cell III narrow, external to the upper two thirds of cell II, punctate
below, its distal end close beside the corresponding termination of cell I]; the base of cell IV overlapping
cell III so that a cross section in this region would cut cells I, II, IV, VI, and VII: distal portion of
the receptacle concolorous with the perithecium or somewhat paler. The perithecium bent toward and
partly or wholly overlapping the insertion-cell. Appendages directed across the lower half of the peri-
thecium, sometimes at right angles; the outer simple, consisting of a long basal cell sometimes slightly
inflated, the rest of the appendage brown: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell less than half
as large, which produces two branches one on either side, the basal cells of which are usually curved,
somewhat inflated, bearing two branchlets distally; all the branches slender, rather rigid and straight,
parallel and closely approximated, tapering slightly. Perithecia 225 x 60 ». ‘Total length to tip of
perithecium 560 y; to insertion-cell 375 y; greatest width 140 4. Appendages about 200-250 p.

382 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEE,

On Serrimargo guttiger Schaum., Brit. Mus. No. 559, Penang, Hast Indies; on Serrimargosp., Borneo,
in Cambridge University Collection (England), No. 1216.

This species is very clearly distinguished by the peculiar conformation of its black maculate recep-
tacle, and the attenuation, induration, and opaque suffusion of the basal cell of the latter; which is similar
to the condition seen in the type forms of L. Thyreoptert. The cell arrangement is somewhat similar to
that of L. Serrimarginis, which is its nearest ally, but which appears to be very different in other respects.
Although the cell arrangement is so abnormal, I am inclined to believe that the species is related to some
of the forms like L. finitima and L. subconstricta which occur on similar hosts.

LABOULBENIA SERRIMARGINIS Thaxter. Plate LIX, figs. 23.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 201. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium about three fourths free, dull olive-brown, the outer margin nearly straight, the inner
bent rather abruptly below the tip; the latter not abruptly distinguished, broad, blunt, the lips not well
defined, dull blackish. Receptacle dull olive-brown, except the almost hyaline rather slender basal
cell; the rest of the receptacle short and stout, concolorous with the perithecium, cell VI broad and
extending down to cell I beside cell IJ, cell VII extending half way down cell VI externally, the septa
of cells III and IV oblique; cell III extending up to the base of cell V. Outer appendage simple translu-
cent brown, paler distally, the basal cell twice as long as broad, bulging slightly externally; inner append-
age consisting of a much smaller basal cell which bears a branch on either side; the basal cells of each
branchlet bearing two simple branchlets similar to the outer appendage, erect, brownish, approximated.
Perithecia 136 50 y. Total length to tip of perithecium about 300 y; to insertion-cell 190 4; greatest
width 85 ». Appendages 260 yp.

On Serrimargo guttiger Schaum., Brit. Mus. No. 558, Penang, East Indies. At base of anterior legs.

A form most nearly allied to L. maculata, the cells of the receptacle being somewhat similarly arranged
and the appendages similar in general, but hardly to be confused with this species. ‘Two mature specimens
only have been examined.

LABOULBENIA PeEricaLii Thaxter. Plate LV, fig. 12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 194. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium becoming almost opaque, its upper fourth, sometimes only the tip, free from the recep-
tacle, relatively small, the tip more or less prominent, sometimes subconical, short, and wholly black
(often more prominent, abruptly distinguished, the rounded lips well defined with hyaline edges). Re-
ceptacle normal, cells III and IV large and broad, concolorous with the perithecium; cells I and II
together with the lower end of cell VI pale yellowish. Outer appendage mostly simple, stout, the lower’
cells slightly inflated; inner appendage consisting of a much smaller basal cell, bearing a usually simple
branch on either side very similar to the outer appendage; all the branches yellowish or becoming tinged
with brown, especially toward the base. Perithecia 110-130 37-45 yp. ‘Total length to tip of perithe-
cium 200-300 ; greatest breadth about 75 p.

On Pericallus guttatus Chev., Paris Museum, No. 78, Java; on Muiscelus sp., Paris Museum, Nos.
113, 114, 115, New Guinea.

The type form of this species (Paris No. 78), which is represented in fig. 12, is sufficiently character-
istic, its general habit recalling that of L. Maylayensis, the perithecium being almost wholly united to the
receptacle. I have seen specimens, however, that vary toward L. Catascopi, and it may be necessary
to unite the two eventually.

LABOULBENIA CatTascopl Thaxter.

The typical form of this species as it occurs in Mexico, is sufficiently well distinguished, and easily
recognizable by its uniform amber-brown color, the inflated basal cell of the outer appendage, and the
rather abruptly distinguished tip of its perithecium, A comparison, however, of material on Catascopus

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 383

of various species and from widely different localities, as well as of forms of the same general type which
occur on allied hosts, renders any definite decision as to the limits of this species a matter of great diffi-
culty. The East Indian forms approach very closely indeed to L. flagellata, though they retain the color-
ation of the type, and the slightly individual perithecial tip. The basal cell of the outer appendage is
either not at all or very inconspicuously inflated, and one form from the Philippines can hardly be dis-
tinguished from typical L. flagellata. On other American hosts, however, the inflation of the basal cell
becomes even more pronounced than it is in the type, the coloration changes, and on species of Ina, Pina-
codera, Cymindis, Ewproctus, Apenes and Callida a form occurs which, without comparison, I should not
have hesitated to separate specifically. Such a separation may eventually prove desirable, yet I have
thought it best to group all these forms under the present name until they can be more carefully revised
and illustrated. ‘The material thus grouped has been obtained from the following hosts. British Museum;
No. 564 on Catascopus fascialis Willd., Panama No. 565 on C. amomus Chaud. New Guinea; No. 567
on Catascopus sp. Mexico; No. 555 on Apenes pallidipes Chd. Costa Rica; No. 734 on Callida quadri-
spora Bates, Volean de Chiriqui, Panama; No. 739 on Pinacodera atrata Chev., Puebla, Mexico; No.
716 on Ina costulata Chd., Zapota, Guatemala; No. 552 on Cymindis pallipes Reich., Venezuela; No. 363
on Coptodera arcuata Chev., Bobo, Mexico; No. 566 on Catascopus sp., Philippines. Hope Collection;
No. 298 on Catascopus elegans Fabr., Amboyna, E. Indies; No. 297 on C. cupripennis Thoms., Borneo;
Nos. 271 and 272 on Callida “‘cancellata,” Brazil; No. 303 on Physodera sp., no locality (typical). Paris
Museum; No. 88 on Catascopus sp., Java; No. 116 do., New Guinea; No. 119 do., New Guinea. Sharp
Collection; No. 1210 on Colpodes auratus (=? atratus Chd.,) Pantaleon, Mexico. Berlin Museum; on
Catascopus fascialis Wied., Bengal.

LaBouLBENIA Hawaniensis 'Thaxter. Plate LVII, figs. 1-3.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 40. June, 1902.

Perithecium variously suffused with dark olive brown, sometimes transparent brownish yellow,
becoming nearly opaque, about one quarter, or only the tip, free from the receptacle, rather short and
stout; the tip black, often bent outward, tapering rather abruptly; the lip-edges hyaline, rather promi-
nent and outwardly oblique. Receptacle pale reddish amber or yellowish, becoming variously suffused
with dark olive-brown, especially distally; the basal cell more commonly narrow and hyaline below;
abruptly broader and suffused with dark olive-brown below the base of cell H, which is often abruptly
broader through a slight inflation in this region, and similarly suffused, the suffusions often faint; cells
ILI to V often deeply suffused with olive-brown, faintly striate; cells II and IV subequal; cell V extending
more or less prominently upward along the inner margin of the perithecium which is further bordered
by cells III and IV; the insertion-cell carried obliquely outward by these modifications. Basal cell of
the outer appendage usually hyaline, bearing normally two branches; the basal cell of the inner hyaline,
that of the outer often small and blackened, bearing two branchlets; the outer shorter, more slender,
opaque (usually broken); the basal cell of the inner appendage similar to that of the outer, often pro-
truding somewhat inward, bearing two branches like the outer, or less often laterally, that next the peri-
thecium bearing one or more antheridial branchlets; the antheridia terminal in groups of two or more,
sometimes densely clustered; the other bearing similar antheridial branchlets or more often one or more
long sterile branchlets like the outer appendage; all the sterile branches usually elongated in a sweeping
curve toward the perithecium, commonly rich brown or nearly opaque, sometimes hyaline, sometimes
multiplied by branching close to the base. Spores 65 X 5y. Perithecia 90-125 & 40-55 wu. Receptacle
200-335 ». Appendages 290-725 y. Total length to tip of perithecium 230-360 yu.

On Atelothrus erro Blk. Maui, No. 1230 (Type); A. gracilis Sharp, Lanai, No. 1232; Mauna
jrigida Blk., Maui, No. 1221; Colpodiscus lucipetens Blk., Maui, No. 1217 Colpocaccus tantalus Blk.,
No. 1223; Colpocaccus Hawaiiensis Sharp, Hawaii, No. 1224; C. Lanaiensis Sharp, Lanai, No. 1225;
C. posticatus Sharp, Kaui, No. 1227; Mesothriseus muscicola Blk., Hawaii, No. 1237; M. tricolor Sharp,

384 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Molokai. No. 1239; M. alternans Sharp, Kaui, Nos. 1220 and 1243; Mecyclothorax pusillus Sharp,
Maui, No. 1263; M. ovipennis Sharp, Maui, No. 1266, and Molokai No. 1267; M. montivagus Blkm.,
Maui, No. 1269; Mecyclothorax sp. ? Maui, No. 1270; on “Bembidium” Nos. 1275-1276, and 1280,
Kaui. On the following numbers in the Perkins Collection: Kaui, Nos. 1248, 1249, 1251, 1257; Maui,
Nos. 1214, 1226, 1264, 1271; Molokai, Nos. 1250, 1272, 1274; Hawaii, Nos. 1265, 1268.

Reference has previously been made under the genus Laboulbenia and elsewhere to the group of
variable forms which occur on the carabid fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Of these the one which comes
nearest to the ordinary “‘flagellata” type is the present species, which, although it is very closely allied
to L. Disenochi, appears to differ normally in the development of the distal portion of the receptacle
less than a third of which, or sometimes only the tip, is free. Its coloration is very variable; the distal
portions, including the perithecium, being most commonly very deeply suffused with contrasting rich
black-brown, as in figs. 1 and 2, while less frequently the receptacle and all but the tip of the perithecium
may be yellowish or reddish amber, with inconspicuous suffusions. ‘The size is usually moderate, and
not subject to extreme variations depending on position of growth; but one form represented in Fig. 3,
which appears to belong here and occurs on Mecyclothorax pusillus Sharp, has a short stout rotund habit
which is peculiar, the specimen figured measuring about 160 < 70 4. Of the illustrations in the accom-
panying plate, fig. 1 is taken from material on Colpodiscus tantalus from Oahu; fig. 2 from Metromenus
ero, the Type, in which an outer branchlet is broken off, and fig. 3 as above mentioned.

LABOULBENIA DisENocuI Thaxter. Plate LVII, figs. 4 and 6-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 34. June, 1902.

Perithecium three quarters or wholly free, transparent, yellowish, becoming more or less irregularly
and for the most part rather faintly suffused with blackish brown; the tip relatively large, black, more or
less well distinguished, the black suffusion not abruptly limited and extending some distance downward
externally; the lips outwardly oblique, hyaline about the pore. Receptacle rather short and stout, nor-
mal, pale yellowish, often becoming tinged with brown distally where it is rather faintly striate. Insertion-
cell well defined, slightly oblique. Outer appendage consisting of an erect series of usually four hyaline
cells, each of which bears externally (the upper terminally) a stiff simple branch of variable length, curved
outward and upward, deeply blackened externally, the notched often broadly hyaline upper (inner)
margin contrasting: the basal cell of the inner appendage bearing a branch on either side, mostly two-
to three-celled, and resembling the outer appendage, except for the presence of basal antheridial branchlets
on which the brown antheridia are borne terminally, usually in pairs. Spores 65 X 6 w. Perithecia
150-165 X 58-62 4, sometimes smaller. Receptacle 185-220 ». ‘Total length 290-360 p.

On Disenochus fractus Sharp, Kaui, No. 1222; D. agonoides Sharp, Haleakala, Hawaii, No. 1229;
D. aterrimus Sharp, Kaui, No. 1218; D. sulcipennis Sharp, Kaui, No. 1219; Brosconegneus optatus
Sharp, Oahu, No. 1215.

This species, which is closely allied to L. Hawaziensis, appears to differ normally in the character
of the receptacle, the distal portion of which is less well developed, more compact, and wholly, or for the
most part, free from the perithecium, fig. 4 representing the only exception seen in a large series. The
main axis of the outer appendage, and the primary branches of the inner, are better developed; some-
times consisting of five or six superposed hyaline cells from which the usually jet black, stiff, variously
elongated and curved simple branchlets arise externally. The Type on Disenochus sulcipennis is repre-
sented in fig. 7, and illustrates almost the extreme development of these branchlets, as well as the con-
dition in which the perithecium is wholly free from the receptacle. Fig. 6 represents a form on D.
agonoides the two figures illustrating almost the extremes of variation. It is a question, however,
whether this and the preceding were not better united under one protean species,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE., 385

LABOULBENIA SPHyRI psIs Thaxter. Plate LVII, fig. 5.
Proc, Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXX VIII, p. 53. June, 1902.

Perithecium free, projecting at right angles to the axis of the receptacle or recurved, opaque, blackish
brown, slightly asymmetrically inflated below, the tip not distinguished, very broad, truncate or bluntly
rounded, concolorous. Receptacle relatively slender, hyaline, cells I and II relatively very large, the rest
small; cell I shorter, often tinged with brown; cells Il and ILI edged with blackish brown externally;
cell IV wholly blackish brown; cell V hyaline or partly suffused, the insertion-cell thick. Basal cell of
the outer appendage more or less suffused, giving rise to an outer and an inner branch; the basal cell of
the former giving rise to an outer, shorter, and an inner branchlet; the inner branch simple: basal cell
of the inner appendage bearing a simple branch, distally furcate above its basal cell; the branchlets both
fertile, short, with a single terminal antheridium; or one of them sterile and similar to the outer appendage,
short, stout, nearly straight, stiff, opaque, hyaline-tipped: the antheridia relatively large, solitary; the
broad neck bent abruptly at right angles. Perithecia 90-110 « 40-48 yp. Receptacle 220-250 yw. Ap-
pendages 150-185 yu.

On Metromenus caliginosus Blk., Oahu, Honolulu, M. epicurus Blkm. No. 1261, and No. 1262. No.
1256 on M. latifrons sp. Molokai Mts., Maui. Perkins Collection, Hawaiian Carabide. Right inferior
surface of prothorax.

This species, which is allied to both L. Hawaziensis and L. Disenochi, is well distinguished by its
peculiar hammer-like habit, and absolutely opaque blunt peritheciumn. The slender, nearly isodiametric
perithecium is at first quite hyaline, but may become slightly soiled with yellowish brown, as well as
deeply suffused externally below the insertion cell. The type form on M. caliginosus was obtained from
several individual hosts always in the same position and does not vary. The form on M. epicurus and M.
latifrons is slightly different, in that the perithecium does not project at right angles from the receptacle,
is somewhat narrowed toward the tip, while the stiff black branchlets of the appendages are distally en-
larged, having a club-shaped habit.

LABOULBENIA CAULICULATA Thaxter. Plate LVII, figs. 8-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 29. June, 1902.

Perithecium short and stout, straight or slightly curved, inflated more prominently on its inner side;
dull olivaceous brown, translucent, or becoming opaque; the basal wall-cells forming a well-defined pale
olivaceous or hyaline narrow stalk; the tip black, broad, not distinguished, except by its color; the rather
coarse, but not prominent, lip-edges hyaline and outwardly oblique. Receptacle relatively short and
small, the basal cell usually curved, narrow and subhyaline below, becoming opaque and punctate dis-
tally; the subbasal cell having only a small portion of its posterior margin free, cell III being subtriangular
and overlapping it; cell IV nearly as broad as, and somewhat larger than cell III, separated from cell V,
which may equal it in size, by a vertical or but slightly oblique septum; cells II-VI mostly translucent
yellowish brown, often becoming opaque. Insertion-cell rather broad: basal cells of the appendages
hardly distinguishable, the outer giving rise abruptly to usually two erect, or slightly divergent, stiff,
bristle-like, curved branches, which are blackish brown, externally opaque, producing short hyaline
branchlets along their hyaline inner margins: the basal cell of the inner appendage producing a branch
on either side consisting of from one to two cells from which arise several branchlets similar to those of
the outer appendages. Spores 58 X 5 yw. Perithecia 125-165 x 45-60 yp, including stalk (18-22 y).
Receptacle 90-100 < 35-40 p. Appendages 125-185 p. Total length to tip of perithecium 220-290 p.

On Colpocaccus Lanaiensis Sharp, No. 1226; C. marginatus Sharp, Kaui, No. 1228; on Atelothrus
depressus Sharp, Lanai, No. 1231; A. constrictus Sharp, Molokai, No. 1234; Mesothriseus Hawaviensis
Sharp, Hawaii, No. 1238; M. alternans Sharp, No. 1220, Kaui, No. 1242, Maui, 1241 and 1244 Oahu;
M. muscicola Blkm., No. 1236, Tahura; Metromenus fraudator Sharp, Nos. 1253, 1255, Maui; on other
numbers of the Perkins Collection of Hawaiian Carabide as follows: Kaui, Nos. 1246-1248; Molokai,
No. 1250; Maui, Nos. 1214, 1253, 1255.

386 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

Var. PROLIXA Thaxter. Plate LVII, fig. 11
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 29. June, 1902.

Perithecium straight or slightly curved, large and greatly elongated, the body opaque; the neck
usually elongate, hyaline or translucent. Receptacle as in the type, but usually translucent brownish
yellow. Branches of the appendages usually more numerous and more slender, the two main branches
of the inner often consisting of from three to four cells. Spores 70 X 5 yp. Perithecia 365-540 & 55 p,
including the stalk (90-220 x 36 y). Appendages 220 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 450-670 py.

On Mesothriscus tricolor Sharp, Molokai, No. 1239; M. collaris Sharp, No. 1240, Molokai; Met-
romenus equalis Sharp, No. 1260, Oahu; and on No. 1235, Maui, in Perkins Collection.

Var. SPECTABILIS Thaxter. Plate LVII, fig. 12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 30. June, 1902.

Perithecium large, long, tapering more or less symmetrically above and below, strongly curved (or
often recurved) outward throughout its length, including the clearly distinguished hyaline neck; dark
olive brown, becoming nearly opaque, the black tip slightly distinguished, the lip-edges hyaline. Recep-
tacle as in the type. Appendages as in the type, but one or both of the primary branches of the inner
appendage hyaline, contrasting, many celled, and variably elongated through continued terminal pro-
liferation, black branchlets arising one from each successive cell and alternating on opposite sides of
the primary branch, often very long, curved upward and inward so as to cross one another, when two
primary branches are present, with such regularity as often to form a lattice-work pattern; the series
often complicated by the production of copious slender hyaline branchlets from the upper side of the
secondary branches. Perithecia, main body, 165-200 x 40-48. ‘Total length of appendages 290-360 p.

On Hawaiian Carabide from Perkins Collection: No. 1261, on Metromenus caliginosus Blk., Hono-
lulu, Oahu; No. 1179 and No. 1259 (Type); on M. mutabilis Blk., Oahu; Nos. 1254 and 1256, on M.
latijrons Sharp, Molokai.

It has been with some hesitation that I have separated the three forms included under this species
as varieties, yet repeated recomparison of my material has only served to convince me that, although
three species are probably in process of differentiation here, it is better to consider them varieties. L.
cauliculata (typica) might well be separated from L. spectabilis, yet between them lie various modifications
of L. prolixa which cannot be separated on the one hand from the type, and on the other from L. specta-
bilis. The latter, which is one of the most beautiful and striking forms in the whole group of Laboul-
beniales is characterized by the form and curvature of the perithecium and of its slender more abruptly
distinguished neck, as well as by the more luxuriant, though variable, development of the branches of
its inner appendages. An extreme illustration of this is represented in fig. 12; but in no respect does
this branching differ, except in its luxuriance from that of L. prolixa. The latter form on the other
hand, although distinguished in general by its larger size, and large elongate perithecium and neck,
varies to less striking forms which cannot, I think, be distinguished from the usually smaller type-form
of L. cauliculata. Although the habit of the receptacle differs in all three varieties, the appendages do
not differ greatly from well developed specimens of L. Disenochi, the main axis of the outer appendage,
and of the primary branches of the inner, differing from the fact that in the present species the branch-
lets alternate on opposite sides of the main axis, and that these branchlets, in L. prolixa and L. spectabilis
especially, give rise to often very long slender and copiously developed unilateral hyaline branchlets.

Of the accompanying figures fig. 8 represents a type from Colpocaccus Lanaiensis var.; fig. 9 from
host indet. No. 1246; fig. 10 from Metromenus fraudator: fig. 11 (L. prolixa), Type, on Mesothatseds iri-
color Shp.: fig. 12 (L. spectabilis) Type on Metromenus mutabilis Shp.

LABOULBENIA Mexicana Thaxter.

Although the appendages of this as well as of the succeeding species bear no very close resemblance
to the type which I have distinguished as the “‘Galerita type,” it seems more than probable that they rep-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 387

resent the original flagellata-like condition from which this series has been derived; since the species is
the most universally distributed form that occurs on Galerita in the western hemisphere. The anthe-
ridia, instead of arising terminally from special branches, occur one to three together below the septa of
branchlets borne on the branches of the inner appendage. ‘The typical form of this species, which occurs
only in Mexico and Central America, is stout and large, sometimes more than a millimeter in length,
usually amber-brown throughout; although in a few instances the perithecium becomes smoky brown,
a condition well marked in material from Columbia and Costa Rica (Berlin Museum No. 967 and British
Museum No. 521). These forms, as is pointed out below, approach perhaps too closely to L. melano-
theca, which is otherwise very clearly distinguished, even when it occurs in company with the present
species on the same host. South of the Isthmus of Panama, however, material from Venezuela, Peru,
Brazil and the Argentine, shows a distinct variation from the type; the individuals approaching the
“flagellata” type more closely; usually smaller, sometimes not over 300 4 in length, pale straw-colored,
with a contrasting black perithecial tip, and more or less strongly marked olive-brown suffusions; never,
as far as I have seen, assuming the typical amber-brown tint. The appendages of these more southern
types are also usually more slender and tapering, and sometimes exceed the receptacle in length. The
specimens from Peru with their dark perithecia and numerous divergent branches are especially char-
acteristic.

Specimens of this form have been examined as follows. British Museum: No. 521 on Galerita
Lecontei Dej., Costa Rica; No. 520 on Galerita sp., Mexico; No. 709 on G. Americana Linn., Volean
de Chiriqui, Panama; No. 514 on G. pallidicornis Reich., Columbia: No. 708 on G. equinoctialis Chd.,
Ventanas, Mexico; No. 517 on G. unicolor Dej., Brazil and Forest of Santarem, Amazon, No. 518. Hope
Collection, No. 246, on G. ruficollis Latr., No. 255 on Galerita sp., Venezuela; No. 257 on G. ruficollis
Dej., Cuba. Paris Museum No. 136 on Galerila sp., South America and Nos. 73-74, Venezuela; No.
160, Rosario, Argentina. U.S. National Museum, on Galerita spp., Brazil and Peru. Berlin Museum
No. 962 on Galerita sp., Bahia, Brazil; No. 963 on G. striata Klg., Port au Prince; No. 964 on Galerita
sp., Columbia; No. 965 on Galerita sp., Guayaquil, Ecuador; No. 960 on G. carbonaria Mannerh., Bra-
zil; No. 968 on G. pallidicornis Reich., Columbia. Occurring on various parts of the host but most
commonly on the elytra.

LABOULBENIA MELANOTHECA Thaxter.

It is not altogether certain that this form might not better be designated as a var. melanotheca of
L. Mexicana; since certain specimens on Galerita pallidicornis (?) from Columbia (Berlin Museum,
No. 967) and on G. Lecontei from Costa Rica (British Museum, No. 521) both of which were found grow-
ing at the bases of the anterior legs, seem to represent a transitional condition, and have been referred
to L. Mexicana rather than to the present form. Nevertheless the typical L. Mexicana when it occurs,
as it sometimes does abundantly, in company with L. melanotheca on the same host, shows no tendency
to intergrade, and the two may be distinguished at once with a hand lens. Typical L. melanotheca has
been obtained ‘as follows: British Museum, No. 521 on Galerita Lecontei Dej., Costa Rica; No. 710 on
G. ruficollis Latr., Nicaragua; these specimens being exactly like the type in the form and coloration
of their perithecia, which project at an angle to the axis of the receptacle and are furnished with slender
hyaline necks, the wall-cells showing a slight spiral twist. It is uncertain whether G. ruficollis here re-
ferred to, is the same with G. erythrodera Brullé of which G. ruficollis Dej. is a synonym, or whether it
is G. ruficollis Latr. which appears to be a different form.

LABOULBENIA ANGULARIS Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 16-17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 157. Dec., 1899.
Perithecium wholly free, symmetrically inflated, straight, evenly suffused with smoky brown except
the very short narrow hyaline neck-like base; the tip well differentiated, black, distally hyaline, the whole
perithecium inserted nearly at right angles to the axis of the receptacle. Receptacle amber-yellow or amber-

388 TH XTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

brown, the basal cell tinged with smoky brown, cell IT abruptly broader and long, all the cells except cell
I more or less conspicuously marked by short transverse striz, cell V bulging on the inner side and carrying
the black insertion-cell out free from the neck of the perithecium. Outer appendage consisting of an
erect series of about six obliquely superposed cells, the lower becoming nearly opaque, the basal one larger
and darker, opaque externally and below; each cell bearing externally a single simple branch, the branches
consisting of a basal portion of mostly three short cells prominently constricted at the blackish septa, and
a terminal portion (unicellular (?), brownish): the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell which gives
rise to a series of superposed cells on either side, like that of the outer appendage and similarly branched,
one of the series in the types much shorter than the other (two and four celled): the branches all erect,
closely apposed, more or less suffused with brownish. Perithecia 280 x 45-55 yp. Total length to tip
of perithecium 680 y; to insertion-cell 420 4; greatest width 75 p. Appendages (broken) 55 yu.

On Galerita unicolor De}j., Brit. Mus. No. 516, Amazon River. Inferior surface of prothorax.

Two specimens only of this well marked species one of which is badly broken, have been examined.
It bears some resemblance to L. melanotheca in general appearance; but the appendages at once dis-
tinguish it, not to mention other points of difference. The antheridia are broken in both specimens but
appear to have been solitary. The perithecial tip, represented in fig. 17, is drawn from the second
broken specimen, and appears to represent a view at right angles to that shown in fig. 16. It is possible,
however, that this may have been somewhat abnormally developed, as the specimen is evidently old.

LABOULBENIA SPECIOSA Thaxter. Plate LXII, fig. 5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 201. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, long and narrow, somewhat swollen at the base, the inner half or less hyaline, the
outer dark clear blackish brown; the basal wall-cells forming a short hyaline stalk narrower than the
ascigerous portion; the tip hardly distinguished, bluntly rounded, slightly oblique outwardly, black,
hyaline about the pore. Receptacle very elongate, hyaline except cells IV and V which are tinged with
amber-yellow, indistinctly punctate with short transverse striz except cell I; cell II very elongate. Inser-
tion-cell black, free from the stalk of the perithecium through the slight enlargement of cell V. Outer
appendage consisting of a series of five to eight cells superposed not very obliquely, the basal one larger
tinged with brown below, the rest hyaline; all the cells producing externally a single simple branch, the
lower three, sometimes two, cells of which are mostly not longer than broad, constricted at the black
septa, distally faintly brownish yellow; the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell which bears on
either side a branch consisting of a series of about four cells, like that of the outer appendage, and bear-
ing similar branches in a similar fashion; the three series quite distinct from one another. Perithecium,
including its short neck, about 285 X 56 4. Total length to tip of perithecium 750-925 p; to insertion-
cell 450-650 yp. Appendages about 200-280 yp.

On Galerita unicolor Dej., Brit. Mus. No. 517, Brazil. On inferior surface of the prothorax. On
Galerita sp. indet., Bahia, Brazil, at base of mid legs: Berlin Museum No. 962.

Four specimens of this very distinct and beautiful species have been examined, none of which show
any perceptible variation from the type. The antheridia in all are either broken, or so disorganized that
it is not possible to describe them in detail. They appear, however, to have been solitary, colorless, and
unusually long. Although the bases of the branches of the appendages are usually three-celled (the cells
distinguished by blackened septa) the upper ones occasionally include but two. The species is perhaps
as nearly allied to L. angularis as to any of the other species, but its black and white perithecium is in
itself sufficient to distinguish this apparently rare form from other known species.

LABOULBENIA CORNICULATA Thaxter. Plate LXII, fig. 17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 31. June, 1902.

Hyaline becoming pale yellowish. Perithecium becoming tinged with brown, usually bent inward
from the base at an angle to the axis of the perithecium, sometimes at right angles (the appendages and

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 389

their insertion undergoing a corresponding change in position), relatively stout and short, somewhat
irregular in form, distally slightly inflated, with a more or less well-marked external elevation just above
the base; the tip rather abruptly distinguished, relatively narrow, the apex broadly hyaline, with coarse
irregularly prominent lips, the lower half black, subtended externally by a well-developed, horn-like,
blunt-tipped, hyaline outgrowth, which is larger than the whole tip and slightly curved outward. Recep-
tacle colorless or pale yellowish, the basal and subbasal cells of about the same diameter throughout, sub-
equal, rather long and stout in contrast to the small, compact distal portion; cells III and IV subequal,
or cell IV larger, the septum between them nearly horizontal, 7. e. cell III is not extended upward externally
beside cell IV; cell V triangular, relatively small and, like cell IV, slightly suffused above with brownish
yellow, below the very broad, thin, clearly defined, black insertion-cell, the upper hyaline angle of which
protrudes between the basal cells of the appendages. Appendages similar in type to those of L. Galerite,
hyaline, the outer consisting of about five to seven very obliquely superposed cells, which bear the simple
branches externally; the basal part of each branch consisting usually of two to three short brownish
inflated or squarish cells, distinguished by constrictions and dark septa, the distal part about equal to the
basal in length, or somewhat longer, often unicellular, hyaline, stained reddish in the types, very thick-
walled, slightly inflated at the base; the tip bent slightly, tapering or even slightly inflated. The inner
appendages similar to the outer, the basal part of the branches usually three-celled, the lowest, and some-
times that next above it, consisting of a single cell which bears terminally a single relatively large anthe-
ridium, the long stout neck of which is rather abruptly bent near the middle. Spores 90-110 x 7 p.
Perithecia 175-240 X 60-80 y. The horn-like projection about 40 x 22 4. Receptacle 325-475 p.
Greatest total length of appendages 450-600 p.

On inferior surface of Galerita carbonaria Mannerh., Brazil; Berlin Museum, No. 960.

This is one of the finest and most characteristic species of the genus, and is the only one of this section
in which the perithecium is provided with a tooth-like outgrowth. The basal half of the simple branches
of the inner appendages appears always to be composed of three cells, distinguished by black septa; but
the lowest branch of the outer appendage has but two such cells. The solitary antheridia are unusually
large, with stout necks abruptly and characteristically bent. The reddish color by which the distal portion
of the branches is suffused may be accidental, but is present in all the specimens examined, both young
and mature. It is perhaps more nearly allied to L. speciosa than to any other species and was found
associated with several other wholly unrelated forms.

LABOULBENIA TRICHOGNATHI Thaxter. Plate LXII, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 206. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, generally straight, long, narrow and of nearly equal diameter throughout, to the
base of the rather abruptly differentiated tip (sometimes, however, shorter, stout and slightly inflated),
pale yellowish or becoming rather deep, evenly translucent smoky brown; the basal wall-cells forming a
very short scarcely noticeable stalk; the tip obliquely black below the rather coarse and prominent hyaline
lips. Receptacle generally very long and slender, pale yellowish, the basal cell tinged with blackish
brown; cells IV and V amber or often becoming wholly amber-brown or smoky brown; cells [V and V
large, prominently marked, especially when suffused, by short transverse lines or patches which are less
numerous and distinct on the other cells. Insertion-cell well differentiated, black, carried out free from
the perithecium by the enlargement of cell V.. Outer appendage consisting of a series of obliquely super-
posed cells three to ten in number, the basal one subtriangular and blackish, the rest hyaline or yellowish,
each producing distally and externally a single simple straight branch, slightly constricted at the three
to four lower black septa; the distal portion without black septa, sometimes short, sometimes elongate
and tapering. ‘The inner appendage consists of a basal cell usually giving rise on either side to a single
series of superposed cells, which may be further multiplied through the formation by proliferation of sec-
ondary series of superposed cells, similar to those of the outer appendage. Perithecia 165 < 55-350

390 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

90 pw, average 275 < 60 pw. Receptacle very variable. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 425-1480 p;
to insertion-cell 275-1260 ». Appendages, longest 600 4, average about 400 y.

On Trichognathus marginipennis Latr., Hope Collection, No. 267, Columbia, Brit. Mus. No. 525,
“Tamaz,” 5. America; on “ 7. marginata Latr.” Brit. Mus. No. 526, Brazil: Hope Collection, No. 266,
“S. America”; on Trichognathus sp. indet.: Paris Museum, Nos. 70, 71, and 135, Venezuela and “S.
America.” Berlin Mus. No. 955 on T. immarginatus, Columbia; No. 957 on T.. cinctus Chaud., Caracas,
Venezuela. On all parts of host.

This species appears to be a decidedly variable one, not only in size and coloration, but in the devel-
opment of its appendages. It is the only species of the section in which the cells of the inner primary
appendages may show a secondary proliferation which results in more than the normal single series of
appendiculate cells. This proliferation gives rise to variably developed secondary series of appendicu-
late cells, each of which bears its branch; so that where this phenomenon is pronounced, the inner
appendages, as a whole, give rise to a dense tuft of very numerous branches; especially noticeable in
the material on the Paris specimen, No 135, from Venezuela. Although the ordinary form, in which the
inner appendages consist, as usual, each of a single series of obliquely superposed appendiculate cells,
this simpler form may be associated on the same host with others in which a greater or less degree of
complication has resulted through the proliferation above referred to. In the simpler type, the branches
tend to be more or less constant, with two basal cells usually little, or not at all, inflated, and distinguished
by blackened septa; but in the proliferous conditions, especially, this distinction is more or less lost;
the number of blackened septa varying very considerably, as is indicated in fig. 2. The antheridia are
normally paired, dark, and borne on a rather long single stalk-cell. Small specimens of this species are
not unlike certain individuals of L. Hellwomorpha, or even of L. triordinata; the essential differences
of which are pointed out under these species. It is apparently not uncommon on its host, which is a
earabid allied to Galerita and Brachinus.

LABOULBENIA ADUNCA Thaxter. Plate LXII, figs. 7-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 154. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium long and slender, straight or nearly so, the outer half clear dark translucent brown, the
inner pale olivaceous, wholly free, a short well distinguished hyaline neck formed by the basal wall-cells;
the tip well distinguished, wholly blackish below or especially on the inner side, the inner lips black-
margined, curved outward completely over the outer lips in a characteristic hook-like fashion. Receptacle
uniform dirty olivaceous, cell I paler, the cells above it faintly punctate. Insertion-cell black, broad,
indistinguishable from the blackened basal portions of the basal cells of the appendages. Outer appendage
consisting of a very large externally rounded basal cell, becoming wholly blackened, except its upper margin,
and surmounted by a series of usually six superposed hyaline cells which is curved toward the perithecium,
each cell producing externally a single simple branch consisting of a basal portion made up of two roundish
short cells constricted at the dark septa, and a distal portion six or more times as long, tapering, hyaline
or tinged with brownish; the inner appendages consisting of basal cells wholly or almost wholly black,
giving rise on either side to a short series of cells, usually three or four, similar to that of the outer append-
age and similarly branched. Perithecia 225-245 40 m (including neck, which is about 18 y long).
Total length to tip of perithecium, average 450 4; to insertion-cell 200 », greatest width 50 u. Appendages
150 p.

On Galerita unicolor Dej., Brit. Mus. No. 516, Amazon River. Inferior surface of prothorax.

This species is distinguished from L. geniculata, to which it appears to be most nearly allied, by the
peculiar conformation of the tip of its perithecium, as well as by the color of the latter, which is evenly
suffused in the last mentioned species. The externally rounded basal cell of the outer appendage and
the general suffusion and punctation of all the cells of the straight receptacle, above cell I, serve further to
distinguish it.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 391

LABOULBENIA GENICULATA Thaxter. Plate LXIV, figs. 2-3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 178. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, long and narrow, evenly tinged with translucent olive-brown except the short
somewhat constricted hyaline neck, the tip well distinguished, blackish brown, bent outward, the lips
coarse subhyaline oblique outward. Receptacle nearly hyaline, except cell II, and sometimes the upper
- part of cell T which is suffused with dirty olive-brown and faintly punctate with fine transverse stria, long

and slender, geniculate above cell II. Insertion-cell broad, black, close to base of perithecial neck. Outer
appendage consisting of a larger basal subtriangular cell becoming more or less suffused with olive-brown,

.its outer edge straight, surmounted by a series of five or six obliquely superposed hyaline cells which curves
inward toward the perithecium ; each cell of the series bearing externally a simple branch consisting of
two short faintly brownish basal cells constricted at the blackish septa, and a terminal hyaline tapering
portion about twice as long: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell blackened below, from which
arises on either side a series of superposed cells like that of the outer appendage and similarly branched,
except that one or two of the lower cells of the series bear antheridia, solitary, on a unicellular stalk. Peri-
thecia 200-285 < 37 y (the neck, 18-20 y, included). ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 500-670 yp;
to insertion-cell 275-370 4; greatest width 55 4. Spores 65-70 X 5. Appendages 150-175 vu.

On (Galerita sp., Paris Museum, No. 160, Rosario, Argentine Republic. On left side of inferior
prothorax.

The material of this form is not abundant, but all the specimens examined have the same geniculate
habit and show no variations. The species possesses no very striking individual characters except its
geniculate habit, which may prove inconstant; yet it does not seem possible to refer it to any of the other
described species. It is most closely allied to L. adunca, the distinguishing points of difference in which
have already been referred to under that species.

LABOULBENIA INCERTA Thaxter. Plate LXIV, fig. 1.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 43. June, 1902.

Perithecium erect or slightly divergent, evenly suffused with rather pale or rarely darker translucent
dirty brown, considerably, often almost symmetrically, inflated, slightly broader below; the basal wall-
cells forming a short, often almost obsolete, hyaline stalk; the tip rather abruptly distinguished, usually
bent slightly outward, short, stout, wholly suffused with brown, darker below; the apex evenly rounded
as arule; the outer lip-cells curved outward to the external pore, slightly prominent. Receptacle normal,
hyaline, or faintly yellowish; the distal portion short and broad; the basal cell relatively short; cells II
and IV subequal. The insertion-cell slightly oblique, black, contrasting, the opacity usually involving
a part or the whole of the basal cells of the outer and inner appendages. Appendages similar to those of
L. perplexa, more compact, with shorter branches; outer appendage consisting of about six to eight
obliquely superposed cells, the branches divergent, curved upward; the two cells of the basal part stout,
clear brown, constricted at the dark septa, roundish to long-oblong; the distal part rather stout, unicellular,
tapering to a blunt apex and seldom reaching beyond the tip of the perithecium; the two branches of
the inner appendage similar to the outer, except that the two lowest branches consist of a single cell, its
basal septum alone dark and constricted, bearing distally a single rather short, slightly curved brown
antheridium. Spores 95-100 X 8 yp. Perithecia 185-250 X 60 wu. Receptacle 185-290 70-80 yp.
Appendage 200-250 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 360-500 yp.

On the superior and inferior surface of Galerita carbonaria Mannerh., Brazil; Berlin Museum,
No. 960.

This species appears to be allied to L. perplexa, with which it was associated on the same host in
company with L. bicolor, L. corniculata and L. jusijormis. It differs, however, in its short, nearly evenly
inflated, evenly semitransparent olive-brown perithecium; which is characterized by a stouter, some-
what differently formed, coarse-lipped tip. The receptacle also differs from that of L. perplexa in being

392 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIA’ BA.

nearly hyaline, or yellowish; while cells II and IV are separated by a horizontal septum, not obliquely
superposed, as in the last mentioned form. The primary appendages are not divergent, as in L. perplexa,
their branches much shorter, the basal cells of the primary appendages combining with the insertion cell
to form a much broader black, and externally more prominent, general insertion. ‘The perithecium of
the present species is, in all the examples, marked by fine longitudinal wrinkles which may be due to a
lack of complete turgescence in the mounted material.

LABOULBENIA TRIORDINATA Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 207. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium usually wholly free from the receptacle, very variable, amber-brown or usually becoming
almost black, paler subdistally, generally somewhat elongate, the wall-cells usually showing a distinct
spiral twist, the basal wall-cells forming a hyaline or less deeply suffused neck; the tip wholly black
except the lip-edges, which may be translucent brown and are more or less distinctly differentiated. Re-
ceptacle variable, minutely punctate, pale amber-brown or amber-yellow, gradually tapering from the
base to the often relatively broad distal portion, or more commonly cells I and II forming a slender stalk
above which the rest of the receptacle expands abruptly, the unmodified colorless triangular insertion-cell
carried up and out free from the receptacle through the enlargement of cell V, the inner margin of which
is mostly free. Outer appendage consisting of a series of about seven to ten obliquely superposed cells,
each bearing distally and externally a single simple branch; the branches constricted at the first, second,
and third septa, which are deeply blackened; the second less conspicuously, the basal and subbasal cells
variably suffused with clear brown especially near the septa, the distal portion of the branch hyaline,
tapering, somewhat inflated above its usually brown base: inner appendage consisting of a basal cell
which gives rise on either side to a branch resembling the outer appendage, often with fewer cells (some-
times only 3-celled) similarly branched, except that the lower branch consists of a single cell which bears
terminally a solitary antheridium that becomes brown; the outer appendage and the two branches of the
inner erect and close together, or more or less strongly and irregularly divergent. Perithecia, average
200 52 pw (110-260 * 45-60 yp) including stalk. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 260-600 y; to
insertion-cell 185-370 4; greatest width 65-100 ». Appendages 220-330 yp.

On Calophana bijasciata Oliv., Brit. Mus. No. 509, South America; on Calophwna sp., Brit. Mus.
No. 512, Nanta, Amazon; on C. bicinctus Dej., Hope Collection, No. 268, Brit. Mus. 508, Columbia; on
Calophena sp., U.S. National Museum, Central America; Berlin Mus. No. 953, on Calophena bicinctus
Dej., Bogota.

The typical form of this species shows variations of no great importance, which are, for the most
part, dependent on the variable development of its receptacle, of which fig. 15 shows an average form.
Many, however, are more elongate, while very often a peculiar habit results from the fact that the two
basal cells become abruptly distinguished from the distal portion, as a slender stalk. Individuals also
occur in which the general form is quite normal, like other members of the L. flagellata type. A single
small group of individuals obtained from the inferior surface of the prothorax of Calophena bifasciata
(Brit. Mus. No. 509), though otherwise similar to the type, possess a narrow black insertion cell: while on
the legs of Cordistes (Calophena) bicinctus De}. (Hope Coll. No. 268) as well as from a Central American
Calophena in the U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 19, a well marked variety has been found, strikingly unlike the type
from the fact that its more compact receptacle is, with the exception of its basal cell, deeply suffused with
blackish brown, the suffusion involving the insertion-cell as well as the basal cells of the appendages.

The tip of the perithecium, in specimens in which the twist in the wall-cells is sufficient to give a
posterior view, show a symmetrically bluntly bilobed outline, somewhat similar to that of L. aristata
(Plate LX, figs. 27-29). The species is allied to L. Hellwomorphe, which is most easily distinguished
by the black septum which subtends its antheridium, and also approaches L. perplexa in the tendency
to diverge shown by the primary axes of its appendages; a character which is, however, not always
pronounced.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA. 393

LABOULBENIA Hetivomorenim Thaxter. Plate LXIII, figs. 13-14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 42. June, 1902.

Perithecium straight or slightly divergent, hyaline to yellowish, becoming somewhat tinged with
smoky brown; the basal wall-cells forming a scarcely apparent short stalk; the blackish tip abruptly dis-
tinguished; the coarse translucent lip-edges outwardly oblique. Receptacle normal, hyaline to straw-yel-
low, distally obscurely punctate and slightly suffused with faint brownish shades; cells III, IV and VI
subequal; cell V rather large, its inner margin more than one half free, nearly vertical, the thick, black,
slightly oblique insertion-cell thus free above the base of the perithecium. Basal cell large, more or less
suffused with brown; the two or three cells above it obliquely superposed, hyaline; all the cells bearing
distally and externally single simple branches, the basal part consisting of two cells, becoming clear brown,
constricted at the dark septa; the distal part hyaline, or more faintly brownish, distinguished by a deep
brown suffusion at the base: the inner appendage consisting of a very small hyaline basal cell, giving
rise on either side to a very short branch, consisting of from one to two cells; the basal one bearing an
antheridial branch, consisting of a single rather long cell terminated by a solitary brownish antheridium
seated like the branch on a blackened septum. Spores 70 X 7 yp. Perithecia 130-140 & 35-40». Re-
ceptacle 220-180 4. Appendages 185-300 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 290-325 p.

On felluomorpha melanaria Reiche, Ega, Amazon; British Museum, No. 527. On Plewracan-
thus brevicollis Dej., Surinam; Berlin Museum, No. 942. On the elytra.

This species bears a general resemblance to small forms of both L. triordinata and L. Trichognathi.
It is most easily distinguished from these, as well as from other known species of this section from the
fact that not only the antheridial branch, but also the antheridium itself, is distinguished by a blackened
septum. From L. triordinata, which it most nearly approaches, it is further distinguished by its normally
black insertion-cell, and undeveloped inner primary appendages, which bear at most only two, or possibly
very rarely, three, branches each.

LABOULBENIA MINIMALIS Thaxter. Plate LXII, figs. 10-11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 188. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, becoming olivaceous to smoky brown, mostly straight, the basal wall-cells form-
ing a very short stalk, the tip rather abruptly distinguished, mostly straight, symmetrical, black, distally
hyaline. Receptacle olivaceous yellow with brown suffusions; cell I slightly suffused with brown, some-
what longer than cell I, both rather narrow; the receptacle expanding rather abruptly above cell I;
cells III, IV, and V nearly equal becoming rather deeply suffused with brown. Insertion-cell broad,
blackened. Outer appendage consisting of a large triangular basal cell becoming deep blackish brown,
above which four to six small nearly hyaline cells obliquely superposed, or with their Jong axes nearly
vertical, form a series which runs obliquely toward the perithecium, each cell producing externally a single
simple branch consisting normally of three cells; the basal subhyaline, much longer (especially in the
upper branches) than the subbasal, which is somewhat suffused, broader below, slightly inflated, distin-
guished above and below by blackened septa; the terminal cell short hyaline, mostly somewhat swollen
and soon disorganized: the inner appendage consisting of a series of cells similar to that of the outer,
usually four in number, each bearing an antheridial branch which consists of a subhyaline relatively long
stalk-cell, seated on a blackened septum and bearing distally a pair of slightly divergent long brown
antheridia about equalling the stalk-cell in length; their tips usually exceeding those of the sterile branches
of the outer appendages. Perithecia 100-110 30 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 200-250 4,
to insertion-cell 110-125 ; greatest width 45 ». Appendages 60-90 y.

On Galerita sp. Paris Museum No. 74, Venezuela, on the mid-elytron. On a small species of Galerita
with red prothorax from Guayaquil, Ecuador, Berlin Museum, No. 965.

This small species, of which sufficiently abundant and perfect material has been examined, is one of
the most readily recognized members of this section, distinguished by its small size and the character of

394 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

its antheridial branches, and its antheridia, which are relatively large, and usually exceed the sterile
branches in length, a condition seen in no other species. ‘The cells of the inner primary appendages
may all bear such antheridial branches, but in a few instances the uppermost is replaced, as in fig. 11,
by a sterile branch similar to those of the outer appendage. ‘The perithecium is often more deeply suffused
than is represented in the figures and the wall-cells seem, in old individuals, to be spirally twisted.

LABOULBENIA GALERIT£ Thaxter.

This fine species which is distinguished by its contrasting black and white color, black punctate
perithecium, and normal receptacle in which cells III and IV are separated by a horizontal septum, is the
common species on Galerita in temperate and tropical North America; but does not appear to extend
south beyond the Isthmus, though specimens have been examined from Nicaragua and the West Indies.
The antheridia appear to occur always in terminal groups of two or three. Additional material has been
examined from the following sources. On Galerita sp., lowa: on G. Janus Fabr., Illinois: on G. Cali-
jornica Lec., California; U. S. Nat Mus., No. 47, Galerita sp., Florida. Hope Collection No, 253 on G.
atripes Lec., Texas. Berlin Mus., No. 970 on G. tenebriosa Klg., Port au Prince, Haiti: No. 967 on
Galerita sp., Nicaragua: Sharp Collection, No. 1192 on G. Forrert Bates, Presidio, Mexico. British Mu-
seum; No. 712 on G. Meaicana, Chaud., Oaxaca, Mexico, No. 711.

Laboulbenia subpunctata, nov. sp. Plate LXIV, figs. 5-6.

Perithecium relatively large, longer than, sometimes nearly twice as long as, the receptacle; usually
straight, sometimes curved, cylindrical or slightly inflated, dirty yellow, becoming tinged more or less
deeply with rather rich brown; the lower fifth or half, rarely more, flecked by scattered dark rounded
spots, which are larger and more irregular in shape toward the base; the tip rather abruptly distinguished,
mostly abruptly darker; the apex hyaline yellowish, the pore terminal, or slightly sublateral: a well
distinguished hyaline stalk slightly narrower than the base of the perithecium, as a rule, its length not
equalling its breadth. Receptacle normally relatively short and compact, the basal cell quite hyaline
and contrasting abruptly with the deeply suffused subbasal cell from which it is obliquely separated, and
below which it bulges more or less prominently on the posterior side: cells II and II becoming quite
opaque, the former often projecting more or less conspicuously below the latter, which extends up to the
lower outer angle of the insertion-cell, below which it forms a usually well defined rounded projection:
cells IV and V becoming deeply suffused, but seldom opaque, their long axes parallel with that of cell
111: cells II-V nearly hyaline immediately below the contrasting black insertion-cell: cell VI relatively
long, somewhat less deeply suffused especially at its base, the cells above it somewhat prominent, con-
colorous, often flecked with darker irregular patches. Insertion-cell broad, black, the opacity involving
the basal cells of the outer and inner appendages more or less completely; the former extending as a black
rounded prominence external to the base of the branch (usually broken off) which it bears. The outer
appendage consisting of about six very obliquely superposed cells, forming a compact series running
inward toward the base of the perithecium, each bearing a single simple branch, the branches having a
basal two-celled part, with constrictions at the blackened septa, clearly distinguished from a more elongate
tapering distal hyaline portion, which extends not much above the upper third of the perithecium proper:
inner appendage consisting of a basal cell, giving rise on either side to a series of cells so obliquely super-
posed that the long axis of the inner is nearly vertical; the three or four lower (outer) ones giving rise to
antheridial branches, consisting of a basal cell about twice as long as broad, distinguished by a blackish
basal septum, and bearing a relatively short strongly curved antheridium, exceeding it in length. Average
length to tip of perithectum 400-450 (800-550 4): to insertion-cell, average, 170 y, greatest width about
70 4. Length of perithecium, including stalk, 180 45-270 X 50 y, average 200 X 40 4. Appendages,
total length including insertion-cell, 125-150 y, the sterile branches longest 120 uw. Spores 44 x 5 p.

On Galerita sp., Rosario, Argentina. Paris Museum No. 160. On Galerita sp., Sierra Geral,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 395

Brazil, Berlin Museum No. 966 Type; on Galerita carbonaria Mannerh., Brazil, Berlin Museum No.
960: on G. unicolor Amazon, British Museum No. 516, and No. 517 (Brazil). Usually on the prothorax,
inferior or superior, and head.

This species has been separated from L. punctata to which it is very closely allied, and for which it
might readily be mistaken, chiefly for the reason that its appendages and antheridia appear to be con-
stantly different. The antheridia and their stalk cells are relatively short, the former strongly curved,
while in L. punctata they are straight, very long, and borne on long stalk-cells. The branches of the outer
appendage, which in L. punctata scarcely exceed the tips of the antheridia and are not distinguished by a
basal and terminal portion, are distinctly thus distinguished in the present species, in which the three lower
septa, only, are suffused; while this is the case with all the septa in L. punctata. The suffusion of the
basal cells of the appendages which are indistinguishable from the insertion-cell, the external prominences
formed by the basal cell of the outer appendage, and by cell II, give the individuals a peculiar habit
unlike that of L. punctata. ‘The material of the two species, as well as the sources from which it has been
derived, are sufficiently varied to determine the constancy of the differences indicated. In a few individuals
cell II of the receptacle is not opaque at maturity, but merely suffused and coarsely punctate. In some
individuals the punctation of the perithecium may be almost obsolete, and is very rarely as general as in

L. punctata.

LABOULBENIA PUNCTATA Thaxter. Plate LXIV, fig. 7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 197. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, straight, translucent brown, sometimes becoming almost opaque, except the broad
short neck formed by the basal wall-cells, which is nearly hyaline and as broad as the ascigerous portion;
the lower half or more of the suffused body of the perithecium covered with irregular more or less rounded
dark spots, irregularly distributed, the lower larger; the tip rather abruptly distinguished, narrow, black,
distally translucent. Receptacle rather short and stout, the basal cell rather narrow and hyaline or
yellowish, contrasting; the rest of the receptacle subtriangular and more or less deeply suffused; cell VI
paler, cells III and IV side by side, nearly vertical, deeply suffused, except the upper edge; cell V relatively
large, subhemispherical, becoming opaque; all the suffused cells where not opaque, more or less con-
spicuously and rather coarsely punctate. Insertion-cell very broad, black, close beside the base of the
perithecial stalk. Outer appendage consisting of a large triangular basal cell externally blackish brown,
forming the base of a series of (eight or less) much smaller cells obliquely superposed, which curves toward
the perithecium; each cell producing externally a single simple erect branch, rather closely septate, the
(usually six) septa dark, constricted, the terminal cell short with rounded apex. ‘The inner appendage
consisting of a basal cell giving rise to a series of cells on either side like that of the outer appendage, but
shorter, one to three of the lower branches consisting of a single long cell bearing terminally a long slender
flask-shaped brown antheridium. Perithecia 200-220 < 40 »; smaller 130 X 48 y (including the neck
about 35 4). ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, average 350 y; to insertion-cell 145 4; greatest width
75 uw. Appendages 110-130 p.

On Galerita sp., Paris Museum, No. 74, Venezuela, No. 136, “South America.” On head of G. palli-
dicornis Reid. (= G. Moritzi Mann.), Columbia, Berlin Museum No. 968.

The perithecium of this species possesses the same peculiar dirty yellowish coloring, often obscured
by brown suffusions, which characterizes that of L. subpunctata, as well as the peculiar irregular coarse
punctation which is much less well marked in the last mentioned species. The undifferentiated branches
of the appendages, the cells of which are all distinguished by dark septa; the long stalk-cells of the an-
theridia, the tips of which nearly reach the tips of the sterile branches; the form and coloration of the
basal cells of the appendages, as well as of the receptacle, and to a less extent the broader stalk of the
perithecium, are characters which serve to separate the present species from its near ally.

396 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

LABOULBENIA FUSIFORMIS Thaxter. Plate LXIV, fig. 4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 39. June, 1902.

Perithecium relatively long and slender, becoming nearly opaque and marked by scattered blackish
points more conspicuous near the base, sometimes nearly obsolete, erect, or slightly divergent above the
stalk, straight, subfusiform; the basal wall-cells forming a short hyaline stalk; the tip often rather
abruptly differentiated, darker, often curved outward; the lips suffused, or the edges hyaline. Receptacle
very long and slender; the basal cell short, nearly hyaline; the rest pale dull brownish, indistinctly trans-
versely striate-punctate; cell II very long, isodiametric, throughout, except where its distal end is obliquely
overlapped for a short distance by cell VI, separated by a short horizontal septum from cell IM, which is
much elongated and is separated from cell IV by an oblique septum, above which the receptacle shows
a slight but abrupt contraction in diameter; cell IV more than twice as long as cell V. Insertion-cell
black and thick, the blackening involving the greater portion of the basal cell of the outer appendage.
Appendages very similar to those of L. perplexa, the basal cells of the branches somewhat darker, the
distal part somewhat shorter. Spores 90 X 7p. Perithecia 450-580 X 60-75 p including stalk (40 4).
Receptacle 500 » to over 1 mm. X 70-75 p. . Appendages 275-375 yu. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
1.65 mm.

On the inferior surface of the prothorax of Galerita carbonaria Mannerh., Brazil; Berlin Museum,
No. 960.

This species is so large that it has been necessary to reduce to X 150 the magnification (X 260)
used in figuring its allies. Although apparently so well distinguished, especially by its very peculiar,
usually distinctly punctate, perithecium, I feel uncertain whether it may not possibly prove no more than
a variety of L. perplexa, brought about, perhaps, by more abundant nutrition, afforded by its position of
growth on the host. It was found associated with L. perpleaa, L. incerta, L. corniculata, and L. bicolor
on the same individual.

LABOULBENIA PERPLEXA Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 49. June, 1902.

Perithecium very large and long, not twice as long as the receptacle, dull translucent olive-brown,
or becoming blackish brown, straight, usually erect, nearly isodiametric, or often subclavate, tapering
slightly below to a short rather narrow hyaline contrasting stalk formed by the basal wall-cells; the sub-
basal wall-cells slightly spiral, making from one quarter to one half a turn; the tip short, blunt, blackish,
generally not well distinguished, sometimes bent rather abruptly inward. Receptacle short, the basal
cell nearly hyaline, somewhat elongate, the rest of the receptacle hardly exceeding it in length, dirty olive
brown, becoming more deeply suffused with brown or blackish brown and somewhat mottled; cell IL
small, separated from cells III and VI by very oblique septa, its lower third or fourth, only, free; cells
II, HI, VI and often IV not differing greatly in size, their inner angles often converging to a common
point at about the centre of the distal portion of the receptacle; cell IIT triangular or subtriangular, ex-
tending upward to a point just below the insertion-cell, and downward often nearly to the base of cell
II; cell V but slightly smaller than cell IV. Insertion-cell slightly oblique, well defined, rather thick,
broad, black. Appendages corresponding in type to those of L. Galerite, hyaline, or the lower cells be-
coming suffused more or less, but not deeply, with brown; the outer and inner free aboye the base, usually
divergent; the outer consisting of from six to sometimes ten or more obliquely superposed cells each of
which bears externally a simple branch consisting of a two-celled basal part, the cells slightly longer than
broad, constricted at the dark septa, clear brown; the distal part long, becoming slender, flexuous and
hyaline toward its extremity, which may reach, or even exceed, the tip of the perithecium. The basal
cell of the inner appendage producing a free branch on either side similar to the outer appendage, and
bearing similar branchlets; except that the lowest, and usually the next above it, consist of single cells
bearing terminally single brownish slightly curved antheridia. Spores 90 x 7 p. Perithecia 290-360

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 397

x 50-60 y, including the stalk (40 4). Receptacle 220 x 60-70 y. Appendages including branches
200-360 yx. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, average, 500 yp.

On the elytra and prothorax of Galerita carbonaria Mannerh., Brazil; Berlin Museum, No. 960.

This species, as I have noted above, may prove to be nothing more than thé ordinary typical condition
of a species in which a tendency to considerable variation culminates in the form described as L. Jusi-
Jormis; and even L. incerta, despite the essential difference in the cell arrangement of its receptacle and
its different type of perithecium may have to be united with it. As may be seen from the illustrations,
however, the differences between these forms are sufficiently striking, and appear to warrant at least
their provisional separation. ‘Though quite unlike it in other respects L. perplewa resembles L. triordinata
in the free vertical development of its primary appendages, and their divergence which is usually well
marked.

LABOULBENIA DECIPIENS Thaxter. Plate LXIV, figs. 11-12.

Since it was originally described, a considerable amount of material of this species has been examined
from various localities, as well as additional specimens from the original source. he original figure
represents the maximum development of older individuals, in which the perithecium may become a dark
olivaceous brown; but in general the brown coloration is not well marked, being replaced by olivaceous
shades. ‘There is considerable variation in the suffusions of the receptacle, which may be nearly hyaline,
as well as in the prominence of the opacity of the basal cells of the appendages. A reexamination of the
specimen from which the original figure was drawn, in which the appendages were badly broken and
confused, shows further that the drawing is incorrect in that it represents the third and fourth branches
of the inner appendage as of the sterile type. As a matter of fact in well developed specimens four, or
even five, of the lower branches of the inner appendage may be antheridial, and in ordinary cases there
are at least three such antheridial branches.

In South America the species varies to a usually smaller and more olivaceous form, fig. 12, and speci-
mens from three sources on the upper Amazon, fig. 11, tend to vary, in that cells III-V are replaced by
two cells; but individuals occasionally occur in this material having the normal number and arrangement.
The receptacle apparently never becomes elongate and is often very short and compact. he twist in
the perithecial wall-cells is always pronounced and characteristic, although it might readily be overlooked
in paler specimens. ‘The appendages in smaller forms are apt to become more elongate than in the larger,
and may reach a length of 300 yw. An examination of over one hundred and fifty specimens shows an
extreme variation in length from 675 # in one specimen, to 225 , the Amazon specimens being usually
smaller on the average.

Laboulbenia Argentinensis described by Spegazzini in the Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires,
Tomo VIII (Ser. 3a, t. I) p. 79, of which the author has kindly furnished me an original sketch, appears
to be one of the forms of the present species. Although it was described as occurring on a species of
Brachinus, there seems to have been confusion as to the nature of the host, which was, with little doubt,
the common Galerita of middle Argentina. ‘The types have unfortunately been lost, so that there is no
way of verifying the above reference. As sketched, the tip of the stalked perithecium is more blunt, the
spiral wall-cells are not indicated, the sterile appendages are represented as moniliform throughout,
though evidently broken, the antheridia large and sessile, the receptacle, however, just as in typical L.
conjusa. ‘The original description is not intelligible and it would be quite impossible to determine the
species from it.

The sources of the additional material of L. decipiens above referred to are as follows: U.S. National
Museum; on Galerita nigra Chev., Paso Antonio, Guatemala; also No. 18, Maracaibo, Brazil. From
the British Museum No. 708, on G. equinoctialis Chd., Vera Paz, Guatemala; No. 518, on G. unicolor
Dej., Amazon; No. 957 on G. porcata KI1., Cameté, Brazil; No. 963 on G. striata Klg., Port au Prince,
Haiti; No. 958 on G. melanaria Erichs, British Guiana; No. 964 on Galerita sp., Columbia; No. 966 on
Galerita sp., Sierra Geral, Brazil.

398 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Laboulbenia bicolor noy. sp. Plate LXII, figs. 13-15.

Perithecium free, subisodiametric throughout, or with a slight general inflation, rich dark clear brown
becoming almost opaque, often darker on the inner half, more or less granular; the granulation coarser
at the base: the tip short, abruptly distinguished, broad, suffused, the inner lip often more prominent and
hyaline: a clearly defined short hyaline stalk. Receptacle consisting of a contrasting hyaline basal cell
as long as the balance of the receptacle, or nearly equalling it in length: cell Il] extending upward beside
cell IV, its apex forming a prominence just below and external to the insertion-cell: cell II abruptly
narrower than cell I, which is prominent below it, especially on the posterior side, opaque, the opacity
involving finally cells I-VI, which usually remain more or less hyaline distally. Insertion-cell broad
and black, continuous with the opaque basal cell of the outer appendage, which forms a more or less
conspicuously developed upcurved external prominence, bearing the lower branch of the appendage,
which is further composed of three or four obliquely superposed cells each bearing a single simple branch:
the branches consisting of a basal and distal portion, the former two celled, the cells short inflated and
distinguished by suffused septa; the latter unicellular, or spuriously septate, tapering, faintly brownish,
or hyaline, mostly considerably shorter than the receptacle: the inner appendages consisting of a basal
cell wholly or only partly suffused, the rest of the appendage consisting of about four hyaline obliquely
superposed cells, bearing simple branches similar to those of the outer appendage; except that the basal
and subbasal cells give rise to short stalk-cells, with single terminal antheridia; the latter with rather long
curved slender necks, the base usually somewhat inflated, often broader than the stalk-cell, which is seated
on a blackened septum. Perithecia, exclusive of stalk (18 y), type-form 125-150 & 18-32 y; larger form
180-225 X 45. Receptacle, type-form 100-125 x 35-40 ; larger form 100-150 & 55-65 ». Append-
ages 125-150 ». Total length to tip of perithecium, type-form 275-300 yu, larger form 325-400 4. Spores
type-form 50 X 5 y, larger form 65 X 6 p.

Type on a slender black Galerita, Paris Museum No. 73 Venezuela. Larger form on Galerita car-
bonaria Mannerh., Berlin Museum No. 960, Brazil. On the legs.

I have considered the smaller and more slender form from Venezuela as representing the type of this
species (fig. 14), but although the Brazilian type presents constant differences in general size form and in
the detail of the appendages, I think it should not be separated, even as a variety. It is conspicuous for
the black and white effect of the contrasting regions of the perithecium and receptacle, which has suggested
the specific name. ‘The suffused portions of the receptacle, before becoming opaque, are usually more
or less conspicuously mottled or punctate with darker flecks.

LABOULBENIA Coupopis Thaxter. Plate LXII, fig. 16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 166. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium wholly free, very large, uniform clear translucent brown, slightly inflated or the margins
straight, the basal wall-cells forming a well marked hyaline neck as broad as the base of the ascigerous
portion from which it is not abruptly distinguished; the tip rather narrow and well distinguished, darker,
the distinct lip-edges hyaline or translucent. Receptacle very small, cell I hyaline or yellowish, the rest
more or less deeply suffused with blackish brown becoming nearly opaque, especially cells III and IV,
which lie side by side and are about equal in size, cell II] forming a rounded prominence just below the
outer edge of the insertion-cell, cell V triangular, about as large as cells III and V combined. _Insertion-
cell very broad, thin, oblique not at first deeply blackened, but becoming indistinguishable in the general
blackish brown suffusion of the adjacent cells. Outer appendage consisting of a nearly erect series of
obliquely superposed small cells (sometimes as many as thirteen) at first hyaline, the basal cell and some-
times several of the cells above it becoming more or less suffused, each producing externally a single simple
branch, curved upward, its basal portion consisting of two cells, sometimes three, longer than broad and
more or less deeply suffused with brown, constricted at the dark septa; its distal portion elongate, reaching
nearly to the tip of the perithecium, strongly tapering, hyaline, except at its base where it is involved by

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 399

the brown suffusion of the basal part: the inner appendage consisting of a basal cell giving rise on either
side to an inner and an outer nearly horizontal series of cells similar to that of the outer appendage, but
fewer in number, similarly branched except that the two or three lowest cells of cach series bear single
large stout straight brown antheridia on undifferentiated concolorous stalk-cells, the basal cells of the series,
as in the outer appendage, becoming suffused with blackish brown. Perithecia 190-220 % 40-50 p.
Total length to tip of perithecium 300-375 4; to insertion-cell 75-80 y; greatest width 55 4. Appendages,
longest 220 4. Spores (in perithecia) about 50-55 X 6 y.

On elytra of Colpodes Chiriquinus Bates, Brit. Mus. No. 735 (Biologia Coll.), Volcan de Chiriqui,
Panama.

This well marked species is represented by four individuals, only, in the material available. The
inner appendage appears to be proliferous above its base, and thus to become double, bearing two sets
of antheridia and sterile branches, an inner and an outer; the latter arising from basal cells that are nearly
horizontally placed. ‘The basal region of the inner appendage is therefore very broad and cell V of the
receptacle is correspondingly large, larger than cells II, III, or 1V. The tendency of the inner appendage
to proliferate recalls the conditions seen in L. Trichognathi, though the two species are quite unrelated
in the section. ‘The insertion-cell may be without any of the usually opaque suffusion, but varies in this
respect.

LABOULBENIA CURVATA Thaxter. Plate LXII, fig. 12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 33. June, 1902.

Perithecium large and long, strongly curved inward throughout, rich deep red-brown, the inner half
usually opaque, the outer more or less translucent or becoming opaque; the basal wall-cell forming a
well-defined, short, hyaline stalk; the tip short and broad, suffused about the terminal nearly median
pore. Receptacle short and stout, translucent, more or less deeply and unevenly suffused with dirty brown;
the basal cell paler, or nearly hyaline below, often as long as the rest of the receptacle above it, obscurely
punctate; the subbasal cell short, a very small part, only, of its anterior margin free; cells III and IV
subequal, or cell IV larger, separated by a very oblique septum, a small portion only of the outer margin
of cell IV free externally. Insertion-cell slightly oblique, brown or black, the suffusion involving the
basal and even the subbasal cells of the appendages. Appendages consisting of from six to eight obliquely
superposed cells, the branchlets usually much shorter than the perithecium, the two lowest cells of the
inner appendage bearing antheridial branchlets consisting of a relatively large subhyaline stalk-cell bearing
terminally a pair of deep brown divergent relatively small antheridia, the long slender necks curved
rather abruptly distally. Spores 70-75 X 4 p. Perithecia 325-400 50-70 y, including the stalk (40—
55 4). Receptacle 185-220 x 75-90 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 500-600 yu.

At base of anterior legs of Galerita carbonaria Mannerh., Brazil; Berlin Museum, No. 960: and of
Galerita sp., Hope Coll., No. 259.

This species is distinguished by its aimost falcate habit, the outer and inner halves of the large curved
perithecium translucent and opaque, respectively, and distinguished by a more or less clean line of de-
marcation; although, in older individuals, the outer half may also become rather deeply suffused. The
appendages in general resemble those of L. perplexa very closely, but are at once distinguished by the an-
theridial branchlets, and the antheridia; the latter being small, with very slender necks, and borne in
terminal pairs. The Berlin material is taken as the type of the species, but the material from the Hope
Collection, the locality of which was not indicated on the host label, agrees in every respect.

LABOULBENIA PYGM#A Thaxter. Plate LXII, fig. 6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 198. Dec., 1899.
Perithecium dark brown becoming almost opaque, coarsely granular-punctate throughout, somewhat
more densely below, the basal wall-cells forming a well defined hyaline contrasting short neck slightly
narrower than the body of the perithecium, the tip usually not very abruptly distinguished and bent very

400 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

slightly outward, or straight, rather blunt; the lip-edges translucent, the lip-cells rather prominent, black-
ened below, especially on the inner side. Receptacle short coarsely punctate, triangular, cell I short,
slender, curved, hyaline at the base, distally becoming suffused and finally indistinguishable from cell H,
which is finally wholly opaque. Cells III and IV elongated and lying obliquely side by side, cell II form-
ing a more or less prominent rounded projection below the apex of cell IV which also forms a slight exter-
nal prominence just below the insertion-cell, both cells coarsely punctate, becoming opaque; cell V rather
large, at first hyaline, becoming later suffused with brown; cell VI and the other cells below the peri-
thecial neck coarsely punctate transluscent. Insertion-cell black, very broad, often becoming indis-
tinguishable from the basal cells of the appendage. Outer appendage consisting of a subtriangular basal
cell distally rounded, becoming deeply suffused with blackish brown, prominent externally and coarsely
punctate; surmounted by a series of obliquely superposed cells close set, their long (transverse) axes some-
times almost perpendicular, each bearing externally a single simple branch, the two lower cells of which
are longer than broad, tinged with brown, the septa dark and often oblique; the distal portion hyaline,
twice as long, blunt-tipped: the inner appendage consisting of a smaller basal cell also becoming punctate
and almost entirely suffused, surmounted on either side by a series of cells like that of the outer appendage
and similarly branched, except that the two or three lowest cells of the series bear a short one-celled branch
terminated by usually three slightly curved brown antheridia. Spores 52 x 4. Perithecia 110 K 22—
150 X 33 p, exclusive of neck which is 20-30 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 175-300 1; to insertion-
cell about 90-110 4; greatest width 40-55 p. Appendages 90-130 y.

On Trichognathus sp., Paris Museum, No. 72, Venezuela. On Galerita sp., U.S. Nat. Museum
No. 23, Bobo, Mexico. On Galerita sp. Berlin Museum No. 961, Mexico.

This species, which occurs on the legs, elytra, and other parts of the host, is distinguished by its short
stout habit and densely black punctate perithecium, which is similar to that of L. Galerie in this respect.
The specimens from Bobo are slightly more slender than the type material from Venezuela (Paris No.
72), the receptacle, above the basal cell, less triangular and less deeply suffused, but otherwise exactly
similar. It is most nearly related to L. media, but is well distinguished by its smaller size, and especially
by the different structure of the receptacle and basal portion of the appendages in the latter, and their rela-
tion to the insertion-cell.

LaBOULBENIA MEDIA Thaxter. Plate LXII, figs. 3-4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 45. June, 1902.

Perithecium usually narrow, straight, erect, sometimes slightly inflated, the basal wall-cells forming
a relatively long, well-distinguished, hyaline or subhyaline stalk; the basal cells vertically elongated; the
ascigerous portion marked by distinct transverse blackish coarse granular striations throughout, and
becoming opaque or nearly so; the tip erect, the apex slightly asymmetrical, subtended by a darker shade
on the inner side. Receptacle medium to short, the basal cell hyaline, becoming dirty brownish yellow;
cells III and IV deep brownish, the suffusion more or less confined to these cells or involving also cell IL
and other adjacent cells, the more deeply suffused parts coarsely punctate; cell III extending upward
beside cell IV and distally forming a well-defined external prominence, sometimes as distinct as that
formed by the basal cell of the outer appendage; cells V and VI wholly or partly hyaline becoming dirty
brownish yellow, the latter coarsely punctate. Insertion-cell small, almost wholly external to cell V,
hardly distinguishable, translucent and only finally involved in the opacity of the adjacent cells. The
basal cell of the outer appendage large, subtriangular, forming distally and externally a rounded promi-
nence, from the upper nearly horizontal surface of which arises the first of the oblique series of branches;
the remaining cells of the appendage hyaline, very obliquely superposed successively smaller, from about
six to ten in number, forming a series extending obliquely back to the perithecium, each bearing externally
a single branch; the branches relatively short, the basal cell more elongated than the subbasal, both pur-
plish brown, slightly constricted at the dark septa; the rest of the branch shorter or not much longer than

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA, 40]

the basal part and consisting of from one to three cells, hyaline or brown below, blunt-tipped; the basal
cell of the inner appendage giving rise to the characteristic series of superposed ramiferous cells on either
side like that of the outer appendage but nearly horizontal and extending inward well beyond the inner
end of the insertion-cell, the four to six lower cells of each series producing, two, less often three, unicellular
branchlets terminated by brown long-necked antheridia; the sterile branchlets of the upper and distal
cells similar to those of the outer appendage. Spores 45 « 4.5 ». Perithecia 180-290 * 40-48 yp, the
stalk 55-125 & 25-35 p. Receptacle 165-220 ». Appendages, greatest total length, 165-185 ». Total
length to tip of perithecium 350-725 ju.

On Galerita sp. (tips of elytra), Venezuela; Paris Museum, No. 75. On tip of abdomen, inferior,
of Galerita Lecontei Dej.: British Museum, No. 521, Costa Rica; No. 525 on T'richognathus margini-
pennis Latr. Tamas, ? Columbia, No. 526 on T. marginatus Latr., Brazil.

This fine species is distinguished from L. pygmea especially, with which it was formerly in part
confused, by the insertion of its appendages, the insertion-cell being unmodified and small, and finally
continuous with the series of cells which form the primary inner appendages, the bases of which are in
contact with cell V of the receptacle, except the uppermost (innermost).

LABOULBENIA PHEROPSOPHI Thaxter. Plate LXIV, figs. 8-9.

Since the original publication of this species, it has been possible to examine a considerable amount
of additional material occurring on species of Pheropsophus from both hemispheres. ‘The material from
these sources is, in general, rather clearly distinguished, however; that from the western hemisphere
adhering closely to the type as originally described, in which the outer appendage is at most not more
than five or six times proliferous, that is the main axis consists of not more than five or six cells and is
of compact habit: the inner appendage producing, as a rule, only a single branch with two or three pro-
liferations, the axis thus only two- to three-celled; a small short stout solitary antheridium being borne
on a short stalk-cell at its base. Material from the Eastern Hemisphere, though often closely resembling
the type, especially in the African specimens, tends to vary to the condition shown in figure 8, the outer
appendage, as well as the two branches of the inner, being much more luxuriantly developed and the
antheridia (fig. 9) produced usually in groups of two or three, their form more slender and elongate, the
necks curved. ‘This is especially true of specimens from Madagascar, Ceylon, the Philippines, and
localities to the east of Africa. The differences, however, are not sufficiently absolute to warrant even
a varietal designation.

The additional material obtained is as follows: British Museum No. 534 on P. fuscicollis Dej., Java;
No. 717 on P. equinoctialis Linn., Yucatan; No. 718 on P. biplagiatus Chaud., Junquilla, Mexico: Paris
Museum; No. 8 on Pheropsophus sp., Madagascar, and No. 14, Ceylon; No. 55 on P. fuscicollis Dej.,
Asia; No. 56 on P. Latoni Dej., Asia; No. 76 on Pheropsophus sp., Venezuela; No. 77 on Pheropsophus
sp., Java: Berlin Museum; No. 995 on P. obliquatus, Kimpoko, Congo; No. 998 on P. Kerstenit Gerst.,
Aruscha Kisnani, Africa; No. 1001 on P. humeralis Chaud., Madagascar; No. 1003 on Pheropsophus
sp-, Luzon, Philippines; No. 1005 on P. bipartitus, Madagascar. Hope Collection; No. 238 on Pherop-
sophus sp., Ceylon.

LaBouLBENIA PacuytTe.is Thaxter.

This type proves to be a very variable one, in which species-making is going on in a fashion somewhat
similar to that which is seen in the forms occurring on the closely related Brachinus and Galerita. I have
separated as species three forms which are closely related in this group, L. punctulata from widely sepa-
rated localities, L. tortwosa on our small western Pachyteles, and L. Ozene which has developed a very
characteristic method of bearing its antheridia. It is probable that a fourth species is represented in
material from the Amazon, as well as a fifth on Pachyteles longicornis from Mexico; but I have been
unable to include figures of these forms which I hope to illustrate in a future paper. The variations
among the more typical forms are in general associated with extreme differences in size, (the total length

402 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

to tip of perithecium varying from 150 to 900 “or more); in color; in the development of the outer append-
age, which may be short and compact or elongate, consisting of only one or two cells or many celled;
and in the relation of the perithecium to the receptacle, to which it is variably united.

Additional material has been examined as follows: British Museum No. 572 on Ozena parallela
W., Rio Janeiro; No. 574 on Pachyteles sp., Ega, Amazon; No. 573 on Ozena Reichii Guer., Columbia;
No. 672 on Pachyteles Mexicanus Chaud., Toxpain, Mexico; No. 671 on P. seriatoporus Chaud., Bugaba,
Mexico. Hope Collection No. 281, on Goniotropis rufipes Hope, New Grenada; No. 280 on P. Brazil-
iensis Gray, Brazil; No. 285 on Pachyteles sp., Brazil. In the Berlin Museum No. 945 on Ozena Reichit
Guer., New Grenada; No. 946 on O. pedestris N., Bogota Columbia; No. 948 on O. glabra Klg., Brazil.
In U.S. National Museum No. 24 on P. Mexicanus Chaud., Mexico (very typical specimens).

LABOULBENIA PUNCTULATA Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 197. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium about three fourths free, dark brown, translucent, curved toward the appendages which
cross it obliquely, the broad short flat-topped snout-like tip slightly upcurved. Receptacle short and
stout, the basal cell small, short, hyaline, contrasting, the rest concolorous with the perithecium, but
darker and distinctly punctate with dark brown spots. Outer appendage consisting of a series of from
three to about six successively smaller superposed cells, from each of which a simple tapering brown
branch arises, blackened about its subbasal septum, the successive branches superposed in a vertical
external row, the basal cell of the inner appendage producing usually a short one-celled antheridial branch
bearing a single small antheridium. Perithecia 120 X 45 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 200—
220 4; to insertion-cell 125 yw. Appendages 100-120 yp.

On Pachyteles parallelus Chaud., Brit. Mus. No. 575, Para: on P. porrectus Chae Brit. Mus.
No. 670 (Biologia Coll.), Pantaleon, Guatemala.

Although obtained from widely separated localities, this form, which occurs on the legs of its host,
is in both instances very constant in its characters, and quite unlike small short forms of L. Pachytelis
which are often found growing in a similar situation. Although its appendages are practically the same,
its peculiar short hunched form, the shape of its perithecium, and the coarse pans of its receptacle
above the hyaline basal cell serve to distinguish it at once.

LABOULBENIA Darwinit Thaxter. Plate LV, fig. 2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 170. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium hyaline becoming pale straw- or amber-yellow, sometimes with a shade of brown, rela-
tively small, its upper third or less free from the receptacle, the tip black, abruptly distinguished, the broad
lip-edges translucent purplish brown. Receptacle relatively stout, indistinctly punctate with short lines
or dots of darker yellowish color, cells I, III, and IV often unusually broad. Insertion-cell well developed,
deep purplish brown or black. Outer appendage consisting of a short angular brownish basal cell, which
bears an outer and an inner branch distally, the outer simple or once branched above its basal cell, the
inner mostly simple; the outer branchlet mostly shorter, divergent, often deeply suffused with reddish
brown, the rest less deeply colored, rigid, erect. ‘The inner appendage consisting of a smaller basal cell
which may produce a single branch, or two placed laterally or antero-posteriorly, short, simple with lateral
antheridia or once branched. Perithecia 100 X 30-35 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 150-275 p;
to insertion-cell 135-250 yu. Appendages, longest 200-250 pu.

On Ozena parallela W., Brit. Mus. No. 572, Rio de Janeiro (legit C. Darwin); on O. levis Klg.,
same locality, Berlin Museum No. 947: on Pachyteles spp.; Paris Mus. No. 137, South America, Hope
Collection, Nos. 284 and 285, Brazil. Occurring usually at the base of the posterior legs or margins of
elytra.

‘This species, which appears in general to be a well defined form, is perhaps the representative of the
flagellata-like type from which the other forms on Pachyteles and its allies have been derived. The only

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ2. 403

distinct variation from the type represented in fig. 2 is seen in two or three specimens obtained from O.
levis, collected at Rio Janeiro, in which cell V is abnormally protruded within the insertion-cell and
even divided, as in L. proliferans. Its color is very pale, and the appendages are too much broken for
comparison, but it hardly seems distinct. The type is most readily distinguished by its stout receptacle,
cells III and IV being especially large, and its relatively very small perithecium, which is almost wholly
adnate to the receptacle, except the tip. The type is derived from a host collected by Charles Darwin on
his famous “‘ Voyage of the Beagle.”

Laboulbenia Ozene nov. sp. Plate LXIII, Fig. 11.

Rather evenly suffused with dirty yellowish, faintly shaded with brown. Perithecium more than
hialf free, relatively small; the tip relatively large; the lips prominent, transparent, subtended by blackish
brown suffusions. Receptacle normal, cells I and Il subequal, cells I-IV not much smaller and sub-
equal, the external walls suffused with brown; cell V triangular, its upper margin oblique. Outer append-
age consisting of usually three cells obliquely superposed, the upper bearing two, the rest bearing externally
single tapering simple branches about equal to the perithecium in length, distally hyaline; below, externally
and at the base, suffused with rather deep blackish brown: inner appendage consisting of a basal cell
which gives rise to an antheridial branch, occasionally on both sides, which sometimes arises at the base of
a short sterile branch; the antheridial branch consisting of a single stalk-cell, constricted at its deeply
blackened base, above which it is abruptly inflated, assuming a spherical form and bearing three or four
large antheridia side by side in a fan-like fashion, their slender tips reaching to the apex of the perithecium.
Insertion-cell translucent reddish brown, rather broad and oblique. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
220 w; greatest width about 60 #. Perithecium 90-100 < 30-32 p. Receptacle to apex of cell V, about
150 w. Antheridia 36 yw. Spores about 55 x 5 py.

On Ozena angulicollis Schm., Berlin Museum, No. 944, Venezuela. This species occurred at the
tips of the elytra of its host and is very clearly distinguished, by its peculiar antheridial branches and large
antheridia, from the other forms (L. Pachytelis, L. punctulata and L. tortuosa) occurring on Pachyteles
and its allies. The types show very little variation in form, size or color. In a few individuals the inner
appendage gives rise to two sterile branches, one on either side, from the bases of which the antheridial
branchlets arise.

LABOULBENIA TORTUOSA Thaxter. Plate LXIIJ, fig. 10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 206. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium with hardly more than the tip free, relatively small, externally suffused with smoky
brown and concave through the presence of a well defined subterminal hunch, above which the some-
what pointed well defined outwardly oblique blackish-brown tip is abruptly differentiated, the lip-edges
pale brown translucent. Receptacle very pale reddish or yellowish, variously bent, sometimes at right
angles or at an angle of forty-five degrees above cell I1; cells I and II straight or more frequently cell H
curved strongly, while there is often a less pronounced curvature in the opposite direction immediately
above it. Insertion-cell horizontal, about opposite the external hunch of the perithecium. Outer append-
age consisting of a very large basal and somewhat broader subbasal cell, the two commonly as broad as
or broader than any portion of the receptacle with which they are concolorous; the upper outer angle
of both cells marked by the black insertion of a short simple branch, usually broken off, the subbasal cell
surmounted by a small flattish cell which bears a simple terminal branch with blackened base like those
developed laterally below it: the inner appendage consists of a very small basal cell which usually produces
a pair of relatively large antheridia with inflated venters and brown necks distinguished by a deeply
blackened basal septum. Perithecia 85 X 27 4. Total length to tip of perithecium about 275 4. Ap-
pendage, to upper blackened septum 50 , by 28 » wide. Spores about 55 X 5 y (in perithecium).

On Pachyteles testaceus Horn, U. S. National Museum, No. 28, Arizona. Along the adjacent inferior
margins of the thorax and prothorax, on left side.

404 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

This species, though closely allied to L. Pachytelis, of which it might at first sight appear to be an
abnormal development, was found on several specimens of this small Arizona Pachyteles, always in the
same general position and in no case varying from the type form illustrated in Fig. 10. The antheridial
branch occupies a median position, the two antheridia diverging slightly on either side, and apparently
arising from a very small stalk-cell. Its abnormally bent habit, its pointed and hunched perithecium,
and its inflated primary outer appendage, consisting of two similar cells, basal and subbasal, distinguish
it clearly from L. punctulata, L. Ozane and L. Pachytelis which are its nearest allies.

LABOULBENIA 'TEXANA Thaxter.

The type form of this striking species has not again been observed since the original material was
obtained on species of Brachinus from ‘Texas and Guatemala; but a number of forms on Brachinus
which approach it perhaps too closely for specific separation, have been distinguished as varieties. ‘The
type forms of these varieties, though occurring in widely separated localities, are absolutely identical,
and show scarcely any variation and the same is true of the form previously described as L. rostellata, indi-
viduals from Florida and from Montevideo being identical. The series of varieties as a whole, however,
shows certain gradations between extreme forms, and the character of the appendages, although subject
to peculiar variations in luxuriance of development is, on the whole, so constant that I have concluded
to retain varietal designations in all cases. This disposition of the forms must be, nevertheless, con-
sidered as provisional; and further study of material from the La Plata region, as yet unexamined,
may indicate that a revision of this opinion is desirable. ‘The present species is so closely allied to L.
Pachytelis, which also occurs on an allied host, that it would be difficult to distinguish a variety like
retusa from some of its many variations. ‘The varieties illustrated in the accompanying figures which have
been greatly reduced (X 150) as compared with the other figures of the plate, may be distinguished as
follows:

Var. ROSTELLATA Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 5.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 55. June, 1902. L. c., Vol. XXXV, p. 199. Dec., 1899,
as L. rostellata n. s.

Perithecium about one half free, becoming more or less deeply suffused with blackish brown, relatively
small, narrow and curved toward the appendages, distally monstrously developed, bulging terminally
and externally to form a rounded prominence from the inner side of which the tip projects inward in the
form of a blunt pointed, blackened outgrowth, the hyaline contrasting apex of which is bent slightly up-
ward. Receptacle more or less suffused, sometimes deeply colored with blackish brown, cells I and IL
paler, slender, of nearly equal width, cell II longer; cells IV and V very broad, carrying out the insertion-
cell free from the receptacle so that it becomes oblique or even vertical and lateral. Outer and inner
appendages similar, bent away from the perithecium, their bases overlapping; consisting of a series of
superposed cells which are successively smaller from below up, each bearing distally and externally a
short tapering branch; all the branches brown, the subbasal septa blackened, all simple except the lower
branch of the outer appendage which bears two or three short branchlets; the basal cell of the inner append-
age bears a short antheridial branch from its inner side; the outer appendage somewhat longer than the
inner, the superposed cells usually eight in number. Perithecia 140-190 x 40-50 yp. ‘Total length to
tip of perithecium 400-550 4; to insertion-cell 270-450 4. Appendages, 140-170 y. ‘Tip of perithecium,
including outgrowth, 50-60 yp.

On Brachinus lateralis Dej., Hope Coll. No. 246, “North America”; on Brachinus sp., Eustis,
Florida, October; on B. geniculatus Dej., Berlin Museum No. 992, Montevideo, Uruguay. At base of
anterior legs.

Specimens from the localities mentioned are remarkably constant in character, the subbasal and
basal cells of the receptacle, however, usually forming a stalk which is more abruptly differentiated
from the distal portion than is indicated by the individual represented in fig. 5.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 405

Var. PENDULA Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 55. June, 1902.

Longer and more slender than the type; cell V not greatly broadened, so that the perithecium and
appendage diverge but slightly. The outer appendage nearly erect, brown, relatively very long, tapering;
one or sometimes more than one of the three lower cells producing externally or laterally well-developed
branches of the characteristic type, which are long, slender and more or less pendulous. The inner
appendage recurved, more or less pendulous, relatively slender and similar to a well-developed branch
which arises on its inner side from the third cell above its base. Perithecium nearly erect, the tip well
distinguished, bent slightly inward; the lips somewhat spreading. On Brachinus geniculatus Dej.,
Montevideo, Uruguay; Berlin Museum, No. 992. On the inferior surface of the prothorax.

A very large and striking form, to which the pendent branches of its appendages give a graceful habit.
Unlike the var. incurvata, which occurs with it, the two basal cells do not form a stalk clearly distinguished
from the distal portion of the receptacle, and although cells IV and V are greatly enlarged, they are so
arranged as to bear the appendages in the usual vertical position.

Var. Oaxacana nov. var. Plate LXIII, fig. 7.

Perithecium suffused with rather dark brown, tapering and curved slightly inward from about the
middle to the tip, which is abruptly distinguished, subcapitate, the lips translucent only about the pore.
Receptacle somewhat bent, the subbasal cell broader and several times longer than the basal cell; both
evenly suffused with pale dirty brownish and contrasting in color with the darker brown distal portion,
which is concolorous with the perithecium, except cell V, which is somewhat paler, indistinctly marked
by transverse strize, and prolonged upward and outward beside cell IV, carrying the insertion-cell out
free from the perithecium almost horizontally. Outer appendage long tapering and slender, the lower
half suffused with dirty brown, the distal hyaline; the successive cells bearing distally and externally
small branches without blackened basal septa. Total length to tip of perithecium 550 4. Perithecium
200 X 85 yu. Appendage 400 u. Receptacle to insertion cell 470 4. Spores 60 X 5y. Inner appendage
consisting of a basal cell which gives rise laterally to a single small antheridium on a very short stalk-cell,
and a hyaline terminal branch of five or six cells each bearing an upcurved branch; the branches producing
upceurved branchlets, the lowest of which is distinguished by a blackened septum.

On the inferior surface of the prothorax of Brachinus lateralis Dej., Oaxaca, Mexico, British Museum
No. 721.

The single type of this variety which has been examined, approaches var. pendula in the form of its
perithecium, but differs both in the form of its appendages and in their relation to the receptacle, through
the modification of cells [TV and V.

Var. iNcuRVATA Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 55. June, 1902.

Corresponding closely to the type in the form and coloration of the receptacle. The outer appendage
nearly straight, divergent, hardly incurved, becoming more or less brownish, relatively somewhat longer
and more tapering than in the type, the subbasal cell producing from its left side a short well-developed
five- to six-celled branch, recurved, and bearing branchlets of the characteristic type from its convex side ;
the second cell producing on its concave side a two-celled branchlet, the lower cell of which bears one
and the distal two of the characteristic branchlets. The inner appendage closely resembling that of the
type, hyaline, mcurved, its third cell producing a well-developed similar branchlet from its concave side.
Perithecium as in the type, but the tip quite different, narrow, bent abruptly inward at right angles, the
lips compressed. On Brachinus geniculatus Dej., Montevideo, Uruguay; Berlin Museum, No. 992.

While the appendages of this variety are not unlike those of the var. pendula, it differs in the form
of the perithecium, with its abruptly inbent tip, and in the differentiation of the receptacle into a stalk-part,
consisting of cells I and II, which is very abruptly distinguished from the subtriangular distal part: cells
IV and V lying almost horizontally, instead of vertically.

406 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Var. retusa nov. var. Plate LXIII, fig. 6.

Perithecium short stout somewhat inflated, becoming deeply suffused with smoky brown; the tip
opaque, except for the translucent lip-edges and erect, or usually bent slightly outward. Receptacle
becoming rather evenly suffused with dirty brown, paler or hyaline at the base, and sometimes with an
olivaceous tinge; the basal and distal portions rather variably distinguished, cells IV and V considerably
enlarged and elongated, carrying the insertion-cell out free from the perithecium. Appendages rather
closely septate, the successive cells bearing the usual series of branches externally, which are simple and
distinguished by a black septum at the base, the inner appendage shorter and more slender than the
outer, but otherwise similar. Spores about 70 X 5.5 y. Perithecium 150 < 60 4. Total length to tip
of perithecium 200-300 4. Receptacle to insertion-cell 275-360 4. Appendages total length 180-280 y.

At the base of the anterior legs and on the adjacent inferior surface of the prothorax of Brachinus
sp., Eustis, Fla., and from Argentina.

This variety approaches forms of L. Pachytelis so closely that it might almost be regarded as a variety
of that species, and certainly would be, did it occur on the same host. ‘The material from Eustis, which
is taken as the Type, differs to some extent from the Argentine specimens, which have an olivaceous caste,
are shorter, with a receptacle which is basally more slender and distally more conspicuously enlarged;
the tip of the perithecium being not as stout and less rounded and the appendages longer and more slender
than in the type, which is represented in fig. 6.

Var. TIBIALIS Thaxter. Plate LXIII, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 205. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium deeply suffused with blackish brown, somewhat inflated, the small tip rather abruptly
distinguished. Receptacle stout, deeply suffused with blackish brown except cells I and II, which are
hyaline or nearly so, abruptly contrasting, and cell V which together with the adjacent portions of cell IV
is yellowish; cells IV and V broad, the insertion-cell broad and in contact with the base of the perithecium.
Appendages as in L. rostellata except that the inner is larger and longer than the outer without overlapping
it at the base and the lower branch of the outer is simple. Perithecia 150-175 X 60-70 w. Total length
to tip of perithecium 300-325 ; to insertion-cell 200-225 y. Appendages exclusive of the branches,
inner 100-120 yp, outer 85 yp.

On Brachinus sp., Eustis, Florida, October. On the legs.

This pedicolous variety is distinguished by its contrasting coloration, the short stout form of its peri-
thecium and receptacle, cell IV of the latter being relatively very large, and cell II very small, about a
third as large as the basal cell; the two contrasting abruptly with the deep black suffusion of cell II.
The appendages are further unlike those of other varieties in that the outer is much smaller than the
inner. A second variation is represented in fig. 8, which also occurs on the legs and is distinguished by
its more compact form and the presence of a double hunch, which is developed externally below the tip
of the perithectum. Whether these differences are constant is uncertain since only two individuals have
been examined.

LABOULBENIA Cari Thaxter. Plate LXIII, fig. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 162. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium almost wholly free, pale amber-colored or straw-yellow, transparent, stout, the tip blunt,
with blackish basal suffusions, well distinguished, especially on the inner side. Receptacle short and
stout, pale amber-colored, normal in form. Insertion-cell broad, often not deeply blackened. The
appendages consisting of an outer and an inner series of from four to six superposed cells which, through
a twist of the insertion-cell, become lateral instead of antero-posterior in position; each cell of these
series produces externally a single simple short branch usually three-celled, the two lower cells short
and inflated, the upper longer tapering to a blunt apex. Perithecia 140-165 X 60-70 yu. ‘Total length
to tip of perithecium 310-350 y, to insertion-cell about 170 4. Appendages, longest 85 p.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®, 407

On Cafius seminitens Horn, and C. canescens Maik, U.S. National Museum, Los Angeles, California.
On C. sericeus Holme, Brit. Mus. No. 437, Great Britain. On Cafius sp., Brit. Mus. No. 425, “ Europe,”
No, 395, Hong Kong; C. bisuleatus Sol., Chile, Paris Museum No. 174. On Cafius sp. Kittery Point,
Maine; on C. catenatus, New South Wales, Sharp Collection, No. 1136. On elytra and legs.

Although entomologists appear to be somewhat doubtful whether the staphylinid genus Cafius should
be separated from Philonthus, this cosmopolitan species of Laboulbenia does not seem to share any such
uncertainty, as I have never seen it on any of the thousands of Philonthi that I have examined, while
members of the genus Cafius, as above indicated, are subject to its parasitism all over the world. The
species is well marked, being clearly distinguished by its appendages, the outer and inner eventually so
displaced that they lie nearly side by side, and consisting each of a single series of somewhat obliquely
superposed cells which give rise externally to simple single branches, somewhat as in appendages of the
Galerita-type. The species is remarkably constant considering its very wide distribution, and is not
nearly allied to any other described form.

LABOULBENIA PALLESCENS Thaxter. Plate LXI, figs. 9-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 318. July, 1905. Laboulbenia pallida. Thaxter, |. c., Vol. XX XVIII,
p. 49, June, 1902: nec L. pallida, |. c., Vol. XX XV, p. 193. Dec. 1899.

Hyaline, becoming faintly suffused with yellowish brown. Perithecium one half or less free, con-
colorous or slightly darker, stout, erect; the tip small, usually well distinguished, bent outward; the lip-
cells outwardly oblique, the inner much more prominent, rounded distally, wholly suffused, except the
edges, with dark distinctly reddish brown. Receptacle normal, or often abnormally septate, more com-
monly as a result of one or two distal divisions of cell V._ Insertion-cell broad, reddish brown, transparent
but contrasting, irregular in form, often oblique in position, being carried out free from the base of the
peritheaum, from which it is separated by the partly free upper margin of cell V, sometimes once divided
vertically; an external distinct similar accessory insertion-cell, bearing a single appendage and standing
in direct relation to one of the subdivisions of cell V is rarely present. ‘The appendages hyaline, in general
normal, the outer basal cell twice or more than twice as large as the inner, bearing usually two branches
which may be once branched, one of them sometimes an antheridial branch; the basal cell of the inner
appendage producing usually a branch on either side, which may bear only short antheridial branchlets
or longer simple sterile ones. Antheridia relatively large, stout, single or in pairs. Spores 75 X 6 yu.
Perithecia 125-150 X 60-70 pw. Receptacle 220-300 4. Longer appendages 150 #. Total length to tip
of perithecium 290-380 yp.

On elytron of Clivina fasciata Putz., St. Geronima, Guatemala; British Museum, No. 674. On C.
dihitipennis Putz., Mexico; British Museum, No. 675.

This species is quite typical of the “Chvine” group, the abnormal divisions below the insertion cell
being characteristic; although in some specimens the receptacle is absolutely normal. It is distinguished
by its pale color and the peculiar red shade of its insertion-cell, which is but faintly suffused, the suffusion
at the tip of the perithecium having the same peculiar pale red tinge. In fig. 10 an individual is repre-
sented in which an accessory insertion-cell is developed in connection with a cell distally separated from
cell IV, which has the same reddish coloration.

LaBouLBenia Crivinatis Thaxter. Plate LXI, figs. 5-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 165. Dec., 1899.

Usually rather slender. Perithecium three fourths or more free, more or less deeply tinged with
blackish olive-brown, distally curved slightly outward, the tip black with hyaline lip-edges. Receptacle
wholly hyaline, or cells III and IV becoming more or less suffused with blackish brown, the suffused areas
punctate: bulging distally below the perithecium. Insertion-cell well differentiated, black. Appendages
consisting of an inner and an outer basal cell, which may remain simple or become longitudinally
divided, sometimes also transversely or even obliquely: the outer basal cell hyaline, often several times

408 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

as long as broad, its distal septum blackened; when simple, bearing a single branch, if divided, several;
the basal cell of the outer branch usually rather short and somewhat suffused, commonly bearing two
branchlets. The basal cell of the inner appendage usually smaller than that of the outer, sometimes
equal, and like it simple or divided; when simple, bearing a branch on either side, or more if it is divided.
All the branches of both appendages hyaline or nearly so, mostly once branched above their basal cells.
Spores about 55 & 4.5 4. Perithecia 120-150 35-50 ». Total length to tip of perithectum 275-400 yp;
to insertion cell 200-340 ». Appendages, longest 300-400 yp.

On Clivina collaris Herbst, Hope Coll. No. 348, and Brit. Mus. No. 456, both from England. On
Clivina fossor Linn., Hope Coll. Nos. 353, 275 and 475, England; No. 295, “Europe”; Florence Mus.,
Italy; Berlin Mus., No. 886, on C. fossor Linn. Usually on elytra and superior prothorax, but occur-
ring elsewhere.

The typical unmodified form of this species is represented in fig. 5, a British specimen, which is taken
as the Type (B. M. No. 456); but the material examined shows very considerable variation similar to
that which characterizes the “Clivina” group generally, and here usually manifests itself in abnormal
divisions of cell IV, and of the basal cells of the appendages. Apart from other differences, the species
is distinguished from others in this section by the black septum and suffusion which occur at the base of
the outer branch of the outer appendage. It does not usually occur abundantly on a given host, but on
the other hand does not appear to be uncommon. A form identical with this, or very closely allied was
obtained on C. Australasie Boh., from Luzon, Philippines in the Berlin Museum No. 885.

LABOULBENIA BARBATA Thaxter. Plate LXI, fig. 11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 160. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium large, pale yellowish or brownish becoming slightly tinged with amber-brown, often
symmetrically inflated and tapering gradually to the tip, which is brownish below, becoming black on the
inner side, the lips subhyaline, turned slightly outward. Receptacle concolorous with the perithecium,
normal except that cell V is greatly enlarged and extends upward covering nearly one half of the inner
margin of the perithecium, bulging strongly outward and carrying out the insertion-cell, which is thus
made lateral in position. Insertion-cell externally concave or indented. The outer appendage consisting
of a small roundish basal cell giving rise to two, rarely more, branches antero-posteriorly, which are usually
once branched near the base, the branchlets very elongate, slender, attenuated, curved outward and
downward: the inner appendage consisting of a similar basal cell from which arise usually two branches,
one on either side, similar to those of the outer appendage, the whole forming a hanging beard-like tuft.
Perithecia 190-200 x 55-60 yp. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium, average 400 y; to insertion-cell,
average 190-200 ». Appendages, longest 450-650 4. Spores 100 X 6 yt.

On Morio Georgia Pal., Brit. Mus. No. 690 (Biologia Collection), El Zambador, Mexico; on M.
simplex, Dej., Brit. Mus. No. 581, Cayenne; on M. monilicornis, Latr., Hope Collection, No. 289, “North
America.” On the elytra.

This very distinct species, which was found in one instance in company with L. Morionis, cannot
be confused with any other known form: its pendent appendages and the monstrous development of cell
V, as well as the form of its perithecium, serving clearly to distinguish it. ‘The receptacle is usually some-
what shorter than is shown in fig. 11; but the material, which is sufficient and in good condition, shows
no variations of importance. Although no tendency to an irregular division of the distal cells of the
receptacle, or of the basal cells of the appendages, has been observed, this species seems as nearly allied
to L. pallescens and to the small “ Clivine” group as to any others, and is therefore included here.

LABOULBENIA PoLtyHiRM# Thaxter. Plate LXV, fig. 1-3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV,; p. 195. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium rather slender, almost wholly free, nearly hyaline or faintly brownish yellow; tapering
slightly toward the moderately well differentiated tip which is usually bent slightly outward, more or less

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA. 409

blackened on the inner side, where it may form a hunch-like projection, sometimes wholly black, the
inner lips often prominently rounded and terminal, sometimes subtended externally by a more or less well
developed hunch. Receptacle concolorous with the perithecium, marked by faint transverse striations,
long and slender; cell II usually greatly elongated; the distal portion small and normal, protruding more
or less distinctly below the perithecium. Outer appendage consisting of a small basal cell more or less
rounded and producing distally from two to four branches, usually four; an outer and an inner, the two
others placed between them one on either side, the branches simple or usually not more than once branched
above the basal cell; the branchlets slender, often flexed, rather closely septate, hardly tapering: the
inner appendage consisting of a smaller rounded basal cell which produces on either side a single branch,
which may branch several times and bears hyaline lateral or terminal antheridia singly or in pairs; all
the branches nearly hyaline. Perithecia 130-190 X 30-40 y. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 400-
700 ws, average 500 yp, to insertion-cell 275-450 ». Appendages, longest 350-400 p. Greatest width
40-50 pw. Spores 35-45 K 4-4.5 p.

On Polyhirma sp., Paris Museum, Nos. 5, 6, and 168, Tangar, Algeria. Berlin Mus. No. 1051 on
P. hamafera Harold, Zanzibar. Sharp Coll. No. 1167 on Polyhirma sp., Lorenzo Marques, Africa.
On inferior surface of abdomen and thorax, especially in depressions at base of posterior legs.

This species is subject to considerable variations the extremes of which are illustrated in figs. 1-3,
the latter being the normal type-form from which the original description was drawn. ‘This normal
form, although it is not distinguished by any very striking peculiarities, does not seem nearly related to
any of the known species. ‘The normal arrangement of the branches of its outer appendages is unusual,
cell IV is relatively small, not longer than cell V in general; the rest of the receptacle slender, the peri-
thecium relatively small, as are the spores. Between this normal type and the variety represented in
fig. 2, a complete series of intermediate conditions occurs. The variety represented in fig. 1, in which
the general form is stouter and more compact, with a relatively larger perithecium, having a tip quite
differently shaped, was found in company with the type and is certainly not to be separated from it. Its
spores are larger (45 X 4.5 ), however, than in the type, in which they hardly exceed 35 y in length.

LABOULBENIA Papuana Thaxter. Plate LXI, fig. 1.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 193. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium nearly two thirds free, straight or curved slightly outward, the inner margin convex,
pale brownish yellow, the tip rather well differentiated, blackish; the hyaline irregularly prominent lip-
edges turned inward. Receptacle elongate, cell II, and cell I except at its base, conspicuously tinged
with blackish and faintly transversely striate-punctate, the rest of the receptacle concolorous with the
perithecium; cell IV externally concave, the whole receptacle more or less prominently bent anteriorly
in the region of cells HI and VI. Insertion-cell broad, horizontal, black, narrower than cells IV—-V.
The basal cells of the appendages simple and distinct, the outer producing a single branch which may
branch once; the branchlets short; the basal cell of the inner appendage producing two small branches
which may be once branched. Spores about 65 X 5.5 pw. Perithecium 160-200 55-65 yp. Total
length to tip of perithecium 650-880 ; to insertion-cell 544-700 uw. Appendages, longest seen, 140 y..

On Morvo sp., Paris Museum, No. 112, New Guinea. On anterior inferior surface of thorax on
right side.

It is conceivable that this species might prove an extreme form of L. Morionis which occurs on the
same host; but its horizontal insertion-cell, the peculiar modification of the apex of its perithecium, and
the form and coloration of its receptacle, seem to distinguish it sufficiently.

LABOULBENIA Morionis Thaxter.

Although this species appears to be subject to considerable variation in form, size, color, and in the
development of its appendages, it is, with the exception of a possible variety on Morio orientalis from
Java below referred to, readily separable from the other species of the ““Clivine”’ group, by the relation

410 THAXTER. — MONC GRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

in position between its receptacle and perithecium, only the tip of which is free above cell V. The speci-
mens from the East are usually more deeply colored, and less yellowish, cell V often less prominent than
in the American specimens. ‘The appendages, though usually short or broken, as represented in my
Monograph, are sometimes well developed, exceeding the perithecium in length, with variably developed
basal cells. One form from the legs of M. Braziliensis (Berlin Museum No. 899) varies in its compara-
tively short stout habit, black brown suffusions, and elongate appendages (over 200 j2); but is associated
with the normal type, and is merely a variation brought about by growth on the legs of its host. Two
numbers (Paris 90 and Berlin 901) on M. orientalis from Java, vary distinctly from the type in that the
insertion-cell is horizontally placed, and a third of the perithecium, more or less, is free above it. In
these respects it is more nearly allied to L. Papuana in which more than half the perithecium is free, but
the apex of the latter is quite different as is the general form and coloration of the receptacle.

Additional material has been examined from the following sources: British Museum: On Morio
Georgie Pal., El Zambador, Mexico; No. 580 on M. Braziliensis De}., Brazil; No. 579 on Morvo sp.,
Nanta, Amazon; No. 691 on Moriosomus sylvestris Motsch., Mexico. Paris Museum No. 112 on Morto
sp., New Guinea and No. 157 Java; No. 90, variety, on M. ortentalis Dej., Java. Hope Collection; No.
291 on M. monilicornis Latr., Mexico; No. 293 on Morio sp., Brazil; No. 292 on M. Braziliensis Dej.,
Brazil. Berlin Museum; Nos. 899-900 on M. Braziliensis Dej., Rio de Janeiro; No. 898 on M. simplex
Dej., Peru; No. 901, variety on M. ortentalis Dej., Java.

LABOULBENIA Dercyii Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 2-3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 171. Dec., 1899.

Perithecia free except at the base, short, stout, becoming tinged with brown, straight or the usually
very broad tip turned slightly outward, the latter black, contrasting with the hyaline lip-edges. Recepta-
cle elongate, faintly and uniformly tinged with smoky brown, normal, except that cell V is pushed up even
beyond the hyaline unmodified insertion-cell which becomes thus external to it. Appendages typically
consisting of an ner and an outer basal cell, the outer bearing a single oblique or nearly vertical more
or less irregular row of branches arising antero-posteriorly; the inner bearing a similar row on either side,
all the branches hyaline or yellowish brown, more or less copiously branched; the lower cells somewhat
inflated, the septa blackened, often oblique, the basal cells of the branches bearing distally and externally
from one to three obliquely superposed branchlets with blackened septa, which may branch again; the
ultimate branchlets tapering slightly, the septa transverse and hyaline, usually appressed and coherent.
A third group of branches similar to the rest sometimes arises between these and the perithecium, ap-
parently from the distal portion of cell V. Perithecia 140-200 55-60 yp. Total length to_tip of peri-
thecium 475-875 4; to insertion-cell 400-700 ». Appendages, longest about 175 p.

On Dercylus tenebriosus Laf. (= Eurysoma tenebrioides?), Hope Coll. No. 328, Para; Brit. Mus.
No. 586, “S. America.” On Dercylus ater Castel., Berlin Museum, No. 917. Para.

This form has been found on several specimens of Dercylus always along the margin of the right
elytron. It is very doubtful whether it should properly be kept distinct from L. variabilis. The peri-
thecium is more stout and blunt, the appendages are more closely septate and flexuous, and it does not
show the same tendency to produce secondary appendiculate cells through proliferation of cells IV and V,
that is so striking in the last mentioned species. Although it may well be nothing more than a variety,
I have thought it best to retain the specific distinction until material can be examined in better condition
than that available, in which even the youngest specimens do not show the character of the antheridia.
That L. Dercyli is distinct from L. gibbifera on the same host where it grows in a different position, is
also very doubtful.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 4\]

LABOULBENIA GIBBIFERA Thaxter. Plate LXVI, fig. 1.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 179. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free or nearly so, somewhat narrower than in L. Dercyli, the apex narrower and more
abruptly distinguished, the lips distinct, turned slightly inward; an external outgrowth just below the
blackened tip, which it may exceed in length, forming a free protuberance straight or bent sidewise or
inward, its apex evenly rounded or slightly inflated, its outer margin continuous with the nearly straight
margin of the perithecium. Cells I and II of the receptacle faintly punctate, relatively long and stout,
nearly isodiametric; cell II about twice as long, distally nearly as broad as the portion of the receptacle
above it comprising cells III and VI, which are about equal in length; the latter extending obliquely
somewhat lower but little higher than the former, and much narrower; the region of cells II-V more
deeply suffused and distinctly punctate with blackish brown points, the undifferentiated insertion-cell
pushed out by the enlargement of cells TV and V. Appendages consisting of a number of prominently
projecting basal cells, originating in part from the proliferation of cell V, which bear branches terminally
and unilaterally, distinguished by blackened septa; the branches once to twice branched, their basal
portion slightly suffused and with blackened oblique septa; the distal portion quite hyaline. Perithecium
150-167 X 50 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 400-450 y; to insertion-cell 275-340 4. Appendages
150 p.

On Dercylus tenebriosus Laf. (Eurysoma tenebrioides?), Hope Coll. No. 328, Para; Brit. Mus. No.
586, “S. America.”’ Inferior surface of thorax and prothorax near base of two anterior pairs of legs.

Although this form is distinguished from L. Dercyli, with which it was associated on the same host,
by the peculiar outgrowth from its perithecium, by the arrangement of the distal cells of its receptacle,
and by the multiplication of its appendages through the proliferation of cell V, it may prove only a variety.
The curious perithecial outgrowth, however, is certainly not a structure which develops at late maturity;
since it appears well developed in the youngest perithecia; and in the sufficiently abundant material
available of both species, there are no transitional conditions. It should nevertheless be pointed out
that a similar outgrowth occurs in some specimens of the very variable L. Polyhirme (Plate LXV,
figs. 1-3) but in this case a variety of intermediate conditions occurs. As in the case of L. Dercyli, the
specific designation is provisionally retained and both may eventually have to be reduced to synonyms
of L. variabilis. .

LABOULBENIA VARIABILIS Thaxter.

This species appears to be absolutely confined to the western hemisphere, although it extends through-
out the two continents. It is a very common and extremely variable form and occurs on a great variety
of hosts. ‘Through the courtesy of Dr. Horn of Berlin I have been able to examine specimens on two
species on Tetracha from Ecuador, which differ in no essential respect from the typical forms, and are
the first members of the family which have thus far been seen on any member of the Cicindelide. The
variations of the species in general are associated with rather extreme variations in size and coloration
and in the variable proliferation of the cells of the receptacle adjoining the insertion-cell which give rise
to a variable number of appendiculate cells. The following is a partial list of the additional material of
this species which has been examined since the publication of my Monograph.

British Museum, No. 628, on Platysma caudicollis Dej., Buenos Aires; No. 658 on Pacilus Meai-
canus Chd., Mexico; No. 584 on Aspidoglossa sp., Louisiana: Hope Collection No. 333 on Pterostichus
sp., ““New York”; No. 337 on an undetermined carabid from Valparaiso, Chile; Berlin Museum No.
868 on Omophron Americanum Dej., N. America; No. 914 0n Brachygnathus fulgidipennis Guer., Brazil;
No. 927 on Chlenius Gundlachi Chaud., Cuba. U.S. National Museum No. 21, on Chlenius chloro-
chrous Chaud., Central America; on Tetracha Horni Ruse, and T. fulgida Klg., Ecuador; received
from Dr. W. Horn of Berlin.

412 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

LABOULBENIA MELANOPUS Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 4-5.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 187. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free except at the base, large, rather deeply suffused with smoky brown, translucent,
not contrasting; the subdistal wall-cells lighter, tapering abruptly to the narrow somewhat incurved tip,
the inner lip-cells, only, deeply blackened. Receptacle somewhat curved, tapering below to the short
slender basal cell which is smoky black except at its base, the distal cells gradually suffused with yellowish
brown. Insertion-cell unmodified, blackened externally, the basal cells of the outer appendage becoming
blackened externally very broad and short, bearing distally a series of erect branches at first more or less
double, but later multiplied to form a dense tuft covering the expanded upper surface of the cell; the
basal cell of the inner appendage producing similar but smaller groups of branches on either side, the
basal cells of all the branches becoming more or less inflated distally, and bearing terminally and sub-
terminally several (six to ten) branchlets, each of which may become again branched, the branches and
branchlets distinguished by blackened septa; the ultimate branchlets very slender flexuous hyaline, not
extending to the tip of the perithecium in the types. Spores about 60 X 4.5 4. Perithecium 290 X 70
Total length to tip of perithecium 675 4; to insertion-cell 400 4. Appendages, longer 140 p.

On a carabid (allied to Harpalus ?), at the tip of abdomen. Paris Mus. No. 115, Africa.

This very distinct species is most nearly allied to L. variabilis and L. orientalis, from which it is,
however, so distinct that its numerous differences do not need to be pointed out. The material is unfortu-
nately not abundant, and the mature individuals have their appendages more or less broken in all cases;
but the manner in which they originate is clearly seen in fig. 5, a young individual in which neither the
basal cells of the inner appendage nor of the branches have begun to proliferate.

LABOULBENIA GYRINIDARUM ‘Thaxter.

The type of this species was figured (Plate XXII, fig. 31) in my Monograph, but a more careful
reexamination of the material available shows that there are two species often associated on our American
Gyrint. The type is distinguished by its smaller size, its straight, almost isodiametric, perithecium,
which is furnished with short blunt projections as in the figure; and by the narrower insertion-region,
and less abundant appendages: the wall-cells of the perithecium are straight, and the receptacle usually
geniculate. The second form corresponds so closély to that which I have described as L. chetophora,
of which a single example was found in the Sharp Collection on Dineutes solitarius from Madagascar (?)
that I am unable to distinguish them specifically; and this species should therefore be added to the North
American forms. It is the tip of the perithecium of this second form that is represented in fig. 37 of my
Monograph, the projections from which are much longer and more sharply pointed, usually black and
spine-like. The general form of the perithecium is conical, exactly as in L. chetophora, the wall-cells
spirally twisted, the plant as a whole usually straight and subfusiform, the insertion-region much broader
than in L. Gyrinidarum, and the appendages more numerous.

Several specimens in very poor condition have been obtained from British and Italian species of Gyri-
nus (British Museum No. 459 on Gyrimus urinator Ilig., British Isles, and in the Florence Museum on G.
bicolor Payk. and G. striatus Fabr., Italy, which have been referred provisionally to L. Gyrinidarum.
It is uncertain, however, whether they properly belong to this species. Several poor specimens on Gyrinus
from Mexico and from South America have also been examined, but here also the material is not sufficient
to render a reliable determination possible, and their reference here is only provisional.

LABOULBENIA CH&TOPHORA Thaxter. Plate LXVII, fig. 19.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 317. July, 1905.

Perithecium dirty olive brown, straight, subconical; the upper two-thirds free, tapering from a broad
base, the wall-cells with a distinct spiral twist, very slightly enlarged below the tip, which is slightly, but
rather abruptly, distinguished, symmetrical, black, except distally; the apex rounded, and bearing an
erect shorter, and an externally divergent, much longer, straight, black-brown, spine-like process. Re-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 413

ceptacle broad, distally tapering to a slender base; the basal and subbasal cells about equal in length,
dirty yellowish; cells 111 and VI about equal in length, much darker; the cells above them almost opaque,
bulging externally below the insertion-cells, which bear numerous short, rounded appendiculate cells,
one or two of them larger and opaque; the branches numerous, the branchlets similar to those which in
general characterize species of this section of the genus (mostly broken in the type). Perithecia 380 «
110 y, the longer spine 40 #. Receptacle 525 , or over. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 800 % 185 p.

On the tip of abdomen of Dineutes solitarius, Madagascar (?); Sharp Collection, No. 1075. On
North American species of Gyrinus.

Fig. 19 represents the type of this species from Dzineutes solitarius. It is distinguished from other
described species by its conical spinose perithecium, and straight subfusiform habit. As has been pre-
viously mentioned under L. Gyrinidarum, I have referred to this species a form found in various parts of
North America on Gyrinus, sometimes associated with L. Gyrinidarum which, though not quite so large,
appears to correspond in all essentials with the present species. The dissimilarity of the two American
forms was first called to ny attention by Professor Faull who had observed them in Canada, but it seemed
to me at the time that they were no more than varieties, an error of which I have been convinced by a
thorough reexamination of all the material available.

LABOULBENIA BICORNIS Thaxter. Plate LXVII, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 160. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium wholly free, dark brown tinged with olive, becoming opaque, lighter at the base; very
elongate, nearly straight, slightly and gradually inflated from the neck-like base to about the middle,
thence tapering very slightly to the tip, which is distinctly though not abruptly differentiated: the two inner
lip-cells symmetrical, each terminating in a small rounded prominence which bears a second smaller
rounded terminal prominence; from the base of the lower prominence a long slender brown or olive-
brown horn-like process grows downward, inward, and upward, the two symmetrical and similar and
resembling the horns of an ox; though formed from the zmer lip-cells, a slight twist in the wall-cells usually
makes them appear lateral or even external. The two outer lip-cells grow beyond the inner and are closely
united forming a large bluntly pointed nose-like projection, its inner margin slightly convex, while exter-
nally it is nearly straight and slightly oblique. Receptacle short and stout, evenly dark olive-brown;
cell I short, slender; cell Il abruptly larger, broad and short. ‘The basal cells of the appendages opaque
~ and indistinguishable, giving rise, as in allied aquatic species, to cladophorous prominences, the branches
once or twice branched, hyaline, the lower three or four septa dark, the cells between them slightly inflated,
the distal portion elongate, cylindrical, thin-walled, blunt-tipped, without dark septa, the whole forming
a dense tuft. Spores 125-140 x 7-8 p. Perithecia 340-750 x 60-75 p. Total length to tip of perithe-
cium, longest 1150 y; to insertion-cell 340—400 4; greatest width 120-130 yu.

On Dineutes areus Klug., Brit. Mus. No. 461, Hadramant, Arabia; on Dinewtes sp., Brit. Mus.
No. 463, Ambaca, Angola, W. Africa. On abdomen, elytra, thorax, and head.

This large species is one of the most striking that has thus far been discovered in this genus, and
cannot be confused with any other described form. The peculiar conformation of the tip with its remark-
able appendages is quite unique and has the appearance of a cow’s head (fig. 2).

LABOULBENIA AQUATICA Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 18-19.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 158. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free nearly to its base, rather short and stout becoming dark olive-brown, the wall-cells
very slightly twisted, the blackened tip well differentiated; nearly symmetrical, subtruncate, the lip-
edges hyaline, the lip “valves” prominent. Receptacle rather short and distally broad, olivaceous, lighter
below. Insertion-cell unmodified, external, about as large as and nearly symmetrical with cell V, the
two lying side by side above cell IV. he appendages consisting of an outer basal cell from which is
formed a primary dark brown terminal prominence bearing seyeral small branches distally, while about

414 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ.

its base externally, and often on only one side, several secondary unmodified prominences arise, each pro-
ducing usually a single terminal branch. The inner basal cell moderately distinct, at first simple, later
apparently divided or lobed and bearing several branches. All the branches hyaline, constricted at the
lower (four to about six) dark, mostly oblique septa; the distal portion slender, elongate, subrigid, taper-
ing, without constrictions or colored septa, the basal segments bearing numerous typical flask-shaped
antheridia. Spores 70 < 4.5 y. Perithecia, average 100 X 38 yp. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
average 220 4; to insertion-cell 150 »; greatest width 30 y. Appendages, longest 175 y..

On Gyretes ? sp., Paris Museum, No. 106, Venezuela. On elytra.

Abundant material of this species has been examined, and it appears to be very constant in its char-
acters. The perithecium lacks entirely the peculiar modifications that distinguish nearly all the other
members of this aquatic section of the genus, and corresponds in form, structure and appearance to that
of the most typical “terrestrial” species. While the appendages, both in their general character and
method of origin in connection with a sterile elevation, correspond to the conditions seen in the more
pronounced aquatic types, it is the only one of these thus far examined in which typical single flask-shaped
antheridia are readily recognizable and abundantly developed (fig. 19). In fact I have as yet been unable
to satisfy myself concerning the antherida in any other aquatic species, a fact which may in part be due
to the poor condition in which these forms are usually obtained.

LABOULBENIA CUBENSIS Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 11-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 169. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium short and stout, free except at the base, slightly curved toward the appendages, blackish
olive, the lip-cells prominent but flattened backward and outward. Receptacle elongate, cells I and II
dirty olive, cell III hyaline, long, contrasting with cells IV and V, which, together with the basal cells of
the perithecium, are deeply suffused with blackish olive; cell VI as long as cell III and lying beside it,
becoming tinged with dirty olive; basal cells of appendages dark olive, indistinguishable, producing con-
colorous prominences which give rise to a number of hyaline branches, the basal cells of which are large,
swollen distally, and bear numerous terminal and subterminal branchlets externally; the branchlets once
or twice branched, the septa olive. Perithecia 155-190 X 75-85 p. ‘Total length to tip of perithecitum
480-800 ». Appendages, longest 140 y.

Tip of abdomen of Dineutes longimanus Oliv., Paris Museum, No. 101, Cuba.

This species, of which only three specimens have been examined is distinguished by the ear-like modi-
fication of the lip-cells (fig. 12) and the numerous appendiculate upgrowths from the insertion region.
It has no close allies in this section, though perhaps as nearly related to L. constricta as to any other species.

LABOULBENIA constricta Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 167. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium more than one half free, short, stout, inflated, somewhat olive-brown, the tip not differen-
tiated, one of the lip-edges becoming modified to form a flattish or roundish brown prominence which lies
usually in a median position between two rather ill defined prominences on either side of it. Receptacle
usually with a double curvature, its basal cell very large, somewhat inflated distally, the base and posterior
margin paler, cell II shorter, suffused below, strongly constricted distally, the constricted portion paler
or hyaline: the distal portion of the receptacle short, deeply suffused, bulging strongly anteriorly below
the insertion of the appendages. Insertion-cell not blackened, the appendages arising much as in L.
Orectochili and L. strangulata, the branches hyaline, the basal portion closely septate, simple, without
persistent blackened basal portions. Spores 70 x 6 yw. Perithecia, average 130 X 60 4. Total length
to tip of perithecium, average 400 p; to insertion-cell 340 4. Appendages 70 (or more ?).

On Orectogyrus glaucus Klug., Brit. Mus. No. 465, Cape Coast Castle, Africa. On elytra.

This form is distinguished by the usually very marked inflation of its large basal cell, and the con-
striction of its subbasal cell, which forms a slender neck below the distal portion of the receptacle. The

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA. 415

latter is unusually prominent below the insertion-region, though not developed in the abnormal fashion
seen in L. anomala, which is perhaps its nearest ally. The material examined is not abundant, or in good
condition, but, as far as can be determined, the characters are constant.

LABOULBENIA ANOMALA Thaxter. Plate LXVI, figs. 14-15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 157. Dec., 1899.

Perithecia nearly symmetrical, free except at the base, tapering distally, the tip somewhat lighter,
subtruncate, with one (or more ?) of the lip-edges modified to form a prominent large somewhat irregular
blackish brown median projection, which causes the tip to appear notched on the inner side. Receptacle
dirty olive-brown, finely punctate, the whole curved almost to a horseshoe form: cells I and If about equal
in length and diameter, the base of the perithecium opposite cell III, insertion-cell unmodified external
subtriangular, cell V similar to it, about twice as large and occupying a corresponding position on the
inner side; the two together with the terminal portion of cell IV, on either side of which they lie, form the
free broadly clavate terminal portion of the receptacle above the narrower and also wholly free basal half
or more of cell 1V. Basal cells of appendages not distinguishable, giving rise to a number of prominences
(about twelve) each forming the base of a branch, the branches simple or rarely branched, hyaline, of two
kinds, the one with long slightly inflated basal cells, the other closely septate, intermediate forms occurring
in which the septa are more remote; all the septa brownish purple. Perithecia 140 * 40. Total length
to tip of perithecium about 450 4; to tip of free end of receptacle 450 4. Appendages 140-160 yp.

On elytra of Orectogyrus suturalis Reg., Paris, No. 102, Zambesi River, Africa; of O. glaucus Klug.
Brit. Mus. No. 465, Cape Coast Castle, Africa.

This species, of which only scanty material has been examined, is distinguished by its contorted form
and the anomalous development of the distal part of the receptacle, the insertion-region being carried up
and out free, even beyond the tip of the perithecium. Though similar in some respects to L. constricta,
it seems abundantly distinguished from this species.

LABOULBENIA DACTYLOPHORA Thaxter. Plate LXVII, figs. 3-4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 169. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium relatively small, its upper third, only, free from the receptacle, translucent smoky brown,
the tip prominent, not abruptly differentiated, its upper half hyaline, relatively large and broad, subtrun-
cate or irregularly suleate, the lower half blackened, the lips black-tipped, somewhat spreading. Recep-
tacle very elongate, concolorous with the perithecium or paler, finely punctate, tapering below, its curved
base hyaline, the basal cell expanding distally to the very broad upper septum, which forms the middle
of a somewhat one-sided enlargement involving the adjacent extremities of cells I and IT, cell II more dis-
tinctly punctate, very long, tapering very slightly nearly to its distal extremity, cell V producing two out-
growths, one on either side, erect, usually similar, brown, distally somewhat enlarged, the rounded tips
often bent slightly outward, extending to or beyond the tip of the perithecium. Appendages consisting
of two (or more ?) basal cells from which several protrusions arise bearing groups of branches which are
several times branched, forming a dense tuft not as long as the outgrowths from cell V, the lower septa
brown or blackish, between the short cells. Perithecia 170-190 < 48-50 ». ‘Total length to tip of
perithecium 750-880 y; to insertion-cell 680-810 y»; cell IL about 425 « long. Outgrowths from cell
V, 58 pw. Appendages 50 yp.

On Orectogyrus specularis Aube, Paris Museum, No. 100, Gold Coast, W. Africa: on O. ornaticollis
Aube, Sharp Coll. No. 1084, Madagascar: also Berlin Museum No. 806, ‘Africa.’’ Margin of elytra.

Specimens of this species from Madagascar, of which six have been examined, all differ from the
type form from Africa (fig. 4, Paris Museum) in that the paired finger-like projections, associated with
the appendages are much shorter, while the receptacle lacks the characteristic geniculate habit above
cell 1, which occurs in all the other specimens. The species is nevertheless very well distinguished, and
cannot be confused with any other at present known. The figure of the type (Fig. 4) does not show the
deeper suffusion of the paired outgrowths, or of the perithecium and the distal part of the receptacle.

416 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

LaBouLBENIA GuERINIL Robin.

Sufficiently abundant material of this species has been examined from a variety of localities including
specimens on Gyretles sericeus in the Paris Museum collected in Venezuela, if I recollect aright, by Guérin-
Meneville, from whom the original material of L. Guerinii was obtained, so that there can be no doubt
as to the accuracy of my former reference of the North American forms on Gyretes to this species, despite
the fact that, as in the case of L. Rougetit the plant does not agree in all particulars with Robin’s account
and figures. The species is in general constant in its characters, the most striking departure from the
usual form occurring in the specimens of G. cinctus in the Berlin Museum, the locality of which, Rio
Janeiro, was doubtful, according to my memoranda. These specimens vary from the type in the consid-
erable elongation of cell II, which is quite hyaline and contrasts with a deep brown distal suffusion of cell I.

Specimens have been examined from the following sources: Hope Collection: No. 227 on Gyretes
sp., Mexico: No. 228 on G. cinctus Germ., Brazil. Paris Museum: No. 105 on Gyretes sp., Arauca,
Venezuela; Nos. 97 and 104 on G. sericeus Lab., “‘S. America” and Venezuela; No. 107 on G. cinctus
Germ., Brazil. British Museum: No. 468 on G. pulverulentus Sharp, Columbia; No. 771 on G. acutangulus
Sharp, Bugaba, Panama; No. 770 on G. proximus Sharp, Costa Rica; No. 769 on G. Guatemalensis
Reg., Paso Antonio, Guatemala; No. 767 on G. minor Reg., Torola, Mexico ?; on G. Boreandri Chevy.
Mexico. Sharp Collection: No. 1080 on G. leionatus Duby, Mexico; No. 1078 on G. sericeus Lab.,
Caraccas, Venezuela, U. S. National Museum; on Gyretes sp., Texas. Berlin Museum: No. 800 on
G. cinctus Germ., Rio Janeiro ?; No. 801 on G. dorsalis Brullé, Brazil; No. 802 on G. immarginatus,
Mexico; No. 803 on G. pruinosus Sharp, Columbia.

LABOULBENIA DREPANALIS Thaxter. Plate LXVII, figs. 5-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 173. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium smoky olive, the inner half or less usually much paler, the upper three fourths free, fal-
cate; the inner margin concave, the tip undifferentiated, the lip-edges forming a small hyaline rounded
abruptly distinguished papilla. Receptacle rather short, concolorous with perithecium; cell I paler or
hyaline with a basal blackish suffusion; cell V large, growing upward above the oblique insertion-cell
which is thus pushed out free from the perithecium together with the basal cells of the appendages. In-
sertion-cell small, unmodified. Basal cells of the appendages closely united, and finally indistinguish-
able from one another, forming a prominent rounded outgrowth which gives rise to about six or eight
branches, their dark basal septa of variable diameter only remaining, as a rule; the basal cells of the
branches are distally inflated, and bear several branchlets externally and terminally, the basal cells of
the branchlets mostly similar to those of the primary branches and similarly branched, the ultimate
branchlets closely septate, the septa dark. Perithecia, Panama specimens 100 * 40 », Amazon 140
x 35 . Total length to tip of perithecium, Panama 210 », Amazon 275 yw; to insertion-cell, Panama
130 », Amazon 140 p.

On Gyretes acutangulus, Sharp, Brit. Mus. No. 771 (Biologia Coll.), Bugaba, Panama; on Gyretes
sp., Brit. Mus. No. 477, Amazon. On mid-elytron.

This species is distinguished from others of the same section by its faleate perithecium and small
prominent insertion region. Specimens from Panama differ from the Amazon material, which is taken
as the type (fig. 5), in their smaller size and darker color; but are not otherwise essentially distinguished.
As in so many of the aquatic forms, the appendages are either badly broken or wholly wanting in the
specimens examined.

LABOULBENIA HETEROCHEILA Thaxter. Plate LXIV, fig. 16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 179. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium olive-brown, united to cell IV nearly to its base, rather short, inflated below, tapering
distally, the tip not abruptly differentiated, blackened below, the four lip-cells all differently modified:
of the two inner lips one produces an erect rather slender brown finger-like terminal outgrowth, the other

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 417

a shorter much broader paler outgrowth, turned inward nearly at right angles: of the two outer lips one
forms merely a rounded prominence, while the other grows out into a large prominent brown blunt-tipped
tooth-like projection, which becomes bent slightly outward and sideways. Receptacle rather long and
slender, suffused with brown, the darker distal portion marked by fine transverse indistinct striations.
The basal cells of the appendages more or less indistinguishable and giving rise to indistinct prominences
bearing numerous branches, the basal cells of which are short, inflated distally, and bear a terminal and
external series of closely septate branchlets; the latter once or twice branched, the septa dark, the whole
forming a dense tuft about half as long as the perithecium. Spores 60 * 6 yw. Perithecium 200 % 70 p.
Total length to tip of perithecium 550 4; to insertion-cell 400 y. Longest lip-prominence 35 pu.

On the elytra of Macrogyrus sp., Brit. Mus. No. 486, and on Macrogyrus obliquatus Aube, Sharp
Collection No. 1088, Timor, E. Indies.

The type of this species has unfortunately been so injured that it is not possible to make a drawing
of the specimen. ‘The tip of its perithecium, however, which is its most distinctive feature is represented
in Fig. 16. The host was given in the original description as Dineutes sp. with a query, but it seems
probable that it is in reality a species of Macrogyrus. ‘The form obtained from the Sharp collection on
this genus is not in good condition, nor are the peculiar perithecial outgrowths as well developed. A
figure of one of these specimens will be given in a subsequent contribution, unless more typical material
can be obtained.

LABOULBENIA DineutTis Thaxter. Plate LXVII, figs. 17-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 171. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free except at the base, dark brown, the inner margin straight, the outer curved from
the base to the tip, which is not well differentiated, the lip-cells inconspicuously modified to form an inner
tooth-like brown prominence curved inward, and a median small brown rounded elevation, which is
covered by an outer hyaline externally brown broad irregular elevation. Receptacle elongate or rather
short, dark brown, inconspicuously punctate. Appendages arising from a number of basal cells one of
which, lying somewhat at the right, is more or less conspicuously prominent and more deeply suffused;
the basal cells of the branches somewhat inflated distally, and bearing several branchlets, which may in
turn be branched; the lower portion of the branches made up of short cells with contrasting black septa;
the distal portions, when unbroken, slender hyaline elongate, without dark septa, much longer than the
basal portion. Perithecium (Ceylon) 275 x 72 y, (India) 140 x 40 4. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium,
(Ceylon) 1 mm‘, (India) 400 », (Madagascar) 350 ». Appendages, (Ceylon) 200 4. Spores, (Ceylon)
75 X 6 pu.

On Dineutes subspinosus Klug., Paris, Nos. 33 and 34, Madagascar and Isle de France; Hope

- Collection, No. 236, no locality. On Dineutes spp., Hope Collection, Nos. 230, 231, 232, and 235, Bengal,
Pondicherry (India), Ceylon, Mauritius. On Dineutes, Brit. Mus. No. 483, Nilgiri Hills, India. Berlin
Museum No. 808b on D. subspinosus, Klg., Pondicherry and No. 808, Isle de France, No. 809 on D.
Indicus, India. On margin of elytra and tip of abdomen.

This apparently common species is one of the least well defined members of this section. The tip
of the perithecium varies but slightly in the conformation and coloration of the projections at its apex.
A few specimens show slender hyaline filaments arising distally from the appendages, but in most cases
the latter are not in good condition. As will be seen from the above measurements, the species appears
to be subject to great variation in size. It is most nearly related to L. heterocheila and to L. denticulata
which may prove to be a mere variety.

LABOULBENIA DENTICULATA Thaxter. Plate LXVII, figs. 7-9 and 12-13.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 170. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free, olivaceous with blackish shades below the paler tip, rather narrow, straight; the
tip broad, one of the inner lip-cells forming a short brown conical terminal prominence which is straight

418 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

or bent toward the pore contrasting with the nearly colorless lip-edges below it. Receptacle pale brown
or dirty olivaceous, elongate, normal. ‘The insertion-cell nearly horizontal external to cell V, unmodified.
The outer basal cell of the appendages giving rise to a single subconical brown prominence bearing branches
terminally and externally and protruding beyond the inner basal cell, which is indistinguishable from the
very numerous branches arising from it in all directions; all the branches hyaline, their basal cells bearing
distally several branchlets which may again be branched, the four to eight lower septa dark. Perithecia,
average 175 44 yw; the spine-like apex 10-12 y. Total length to tip of perithecitum 400-575 yp; to
insertion-cell 275-400 4; greatest width 55-70 p. Appendages about 70 yp.

On Dineutes?, Brit. Mus. No. 482, Adelaide River, Australia.

A comparison of this Australian form with more abundant material of L. Dineutis, makes it appear
very doubtful whether the two should be kept distinct, and their separation must be considered merely
provisional. J have included under this name the form on Macrogyrus elongatus, represented in fig.
12-13, from New Guinea (Sharp Collection No. 1089) in which the conformation at the tip of the peri-
thecium is even more unlike that of the typical L. Dineutis (fig. 18), and the appendages are very copiously
developed. Yet it is hardly possible without examining more abundant material of all these forms to
determine their relationships satisfactorily.

LABOULBENIA FALLAX Thaxter. Plate, LXVII, figs. 14-15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 176. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium becoming dark dirty olive-brown; the tip blackened, bent outward, the lips hyaline.
Receptacle becoming concolorous with the perithecium except the hyaline slender basal cell, the remain-
ing cells usually short and stout except cell V, which extends up along the inner margin of the perithectum
nearly to its tip, its inner margin continuing the curvature of the tip down to the insertion of the append-
ages, so that the perithecium seems at first sight twice its actual size. Insertion-cell unmodified, forming
a slight rounded external prominence within which the basal cells of the appendages form an evenly
curved base from which arises a single antero-posterior row of branches about twelve in number, their
lower cells slightly inflated, hyaline with dark septa, usually twice branched; the ultimate branchlets
above the third or fourth septum slender without dark septa, scarcely exceeding the tip of the perithecium.
Perithecium 100-120 x 35-40 p. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 190-325 4; to insertion-cell 120-
250 w. Greatest width 85 u. Appendages 50». (The larger measurements are from the Amazon speci-
mens.)

On Gyretes acutangulus Sharp, Brit. Mus. No. 771 (Biologia Coll.), Bugaba, Panama; on Gyretes
sp., Brit. Mus. No. 477, Amazon River; on Gyretes sp., Hope Coll. No. 229, Rio de Janeiro. At tips of
elytra.

This species is very clearly distinguished, both from the monstrous development of cell V, and from
the crest-like insertion of its appendages. The material is very scanty from all of the localities above
mentioned, but there seems to be no considerable variation except in size and depth of suffusion, the
latter, which involves the perithecium and the distal portion of the receptacle in most instances, is not
shown in fig. 14. In several specimens there are two, or even three, external blackish elevations below
the tip of the perithecium, which: look like the base of old trichogynes, and in one young specimen two
trichogynes seem actually to have been formed one above the other.

LABOULBENIA ROTUNDATA Thaxter. Plate LXVII, fig. 16.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 317. July, 1905.

Perithecium deep brown, except below the tip; broadly rounded, the inner margin of the upper
half free above the insertion-cells, and formed by a single long cell extending to the tip, somewhat as in
L. jallax, and perhaps representing a marginal extension of the receptacle, as in that species. ‘The tip
blunt, with two minute inner tooth-like prominences of unequal size, the larger subtended by a narrow
black suffusion, the whole tip more deeply suffused externally. Receptacle straight, elongate, tapering

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA. 419

throughout to the base, the basal cell more deeply suffused distally, and protruding somewhat anteriorly
below the subbasal cell, which is pale dirty yellowish-brown, inconspicuously granular-punctate: the distal
portion dark dirty brown, the cell-boundaries hardly visible. The insertion cells small, giving rise to
numerous (a dozen or more, for the most part broken in the type) primary slender clavate cells, from which
closely septate short branchlets arise externally. Perithecium 185 65 yp, not including the marginal
cell, which is 18 # broad. Receptacle 360 ». Appendages (broken) about 50 py. ‘Total length to tip of
perithecium 450 4.

On Dineutes spinosus, Fabr., Java; Sharp Collection, No. 1086.

A single specimen, only,.of this species has been examined, which is so deeply suffused that it is not
possible to determine with certainty whether the peculiar cell which extends from the insertion region to
the tip of the perithecium should be regarded as a prolongation of cell V, as it manifestly is in L. jallaz,
or as an abnormally developed wall-cell of the perithecium itself. It is so closely associated with the
extreme tip of the perithecium that I am rather inclined to the latter view, but it will be necessary to see
younger individuals before this can be determined. ‘The species is not likely to be confounded with any
other in this group by reason of the rounded form of its broad perithecium.

LABOULBENIA OrReEcTOCHILI Thaxter. Plate LXVII, figs. 10-11.
Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 191. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium free except at the base, more or less evenly suffused with smoky brown, with a subter-
minal external blackish patch, nearly symmetrical and straight, slightly inflated, tapering gradually to
the hyaline tip which is surmounted by a median straight pointed purplish tooth-like projection, formed
by the outgrowth of one of the lip-cells; the inner lip-cells forming a small hyaline or partly purplish
lateral papilla. Receptacle elongate, cells I and II stout, the latter slightly if at all narrower distally, cells
IV and V and the basal cells of the perithecium darker brown, the rest very pale yellowish or purplish
brown, finely punctate, the dots scarcely visible except in the more deeply suffused areas. The insertion-
cell broad, blackened, extending completely across the distal margins of cells IV and V. Appendages
consisting of an inner and outer basal cell, giving rise in all to from five to ten erect subconical prominences,
each of which becomes separated as the basal cell of a very short two-celled branch of which only a black-
ened basal portion remains in mature specimens, the rounded purplish slightly inflated terminal portion
of the upper cell usually breaking off above its blackened slightly constricted basal half. Of the branches,
that borne by the protuberance first formed from the outer basal cell, is always somewhat larger and more
prominent than the rest. Perithecia 190 X 59 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 475-680 y; to in-
sertion-cell 400-550 yp.

On Orectochilus cordatus Reg., Paris No. 99, “Asia.” On elytra. Berlin Mus. No. 805, on O.
semivestitus Guér., Siam. Sharp Coll. No. 1081 var. on O. oblongiusculus Reg., “Pedong.”

This, together with the two succeeding species, form a well marked group in this section of the genus
owing to the normal differentiation of the insertion-cell and the production of a variable number of basal
cells, each of which bears but a single appendage, distinguished by a broad black septum. In the type
form the appendages are more numerous (fig. 11, on O. cordatus), and the color darker. The extreme
of variation, so far as it has been observed, is illustrated by fig. 10, on O. oblongiusculus, where but two
basal cells are developed, and a slight difference in the projections from the tip of the perithecium is obsery-
able. The species is most nearly allied to L. strangulata, from which, as well as from L. coarctata, it is
at once separated by the perithecial projections.

LABOULBENIA STRANGULATA Thaxter. Plate LXVI, fig. 20.

Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 202. Dec., 1899.
Perithecium one third to one half free, dark brown, concolorous below with the distally almost opaque
receptacle; symmetrical, straight; the tip undifferentiated, bluntly rounded except for a hyaline flattish
terminal papilla formed by the projection of one of the external lip-cells. Receptacle slender, cell I usu-

420 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

ally basally curved, broader at the distal end where it is rather deeply suffused with brown; cell II
much longer, its lower two thirds often distinctly inflated, deep brown distally, rather abruptly constricted
to less than half its greatest diameter, the constricted portion hyaline, the short remaining portion above
the constriction becoming deep brown, concolorous with the upper portion of the receptacle. _Insertion-
cell normal, oblique, often concave above, the appendages consisting of an outer and an inner basal cell,
the two producing in all from three to six outgrowths, hyaline, except the first one formed from the outer
basal cell which is always external to those subsequently formed and is often divergent, deep brown or
opaque, the suffusion involving the basal cell which bears it: each branch consists of a single simple
cylindrical cell the distal portion of which is usually broken off, leaving the deep brown contrasting base.
Spores 60 X 4.5 yw. Perithecium 120-140 x 40-45 y; to insertion-cell, average 275 p. Appendages
100 yp.

On Orectochilus ?, Brit. Mus. Nos. 480 and 484, Timor, East Indies. Margin of elytra. On O.
discifer Walk., Sharp Coll. No. 1079, Nilghiri, India. No. 1076 and No. 1082, “ Kodeicanel”’ Mts., Ind.
Orient.

This species possesses a strangulate habit somewhat similar to that of L. constricta; but is otherwise
quite different, being most nearly allied to L. coarctata. The small protruding lip-cells vary somewhat
in their conformation, sometimes merely papillate, sometimes slightly spreading, subtended on the inner
side by a blackish suffusion which is more or less conspicuous. Fig. 20 represents one of the specimens
from Timor which are regarded as the type forms.

LABOULBENIA COARCTATA Thaxter. Plate LXVI, fig. 17.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 165. Dec., 1899.

Perithecium short and stout, dark brown and opaque, its upper half free, its contour evenly rounded,
the small papillate translucent tip turned slightly inward and abruptly differentiated, the lips well defined.
Receptacle dirty brown finely and obscurely punctate, of the typical form, lighter below, short, stout, cell
I much narrowed below, cell Il very broad, slightly inflated. Insertion-cell normally differentiated,
broad and black. Basal cells of appendages well developed bearing about eight erect short stout simple
branches with broad basal constricted blackened septa, their rounded tips slightly exceeding the tip of
the perithecium. Spores 70 X 7 pw. Perithecia 140-170 « 62 y. Total length to tip of perithecium
325-400 4; to insertion-cell 250-300 4; greatest width 100 p.

On Orectochilus ?, Hope Coll. Nos. 233 and 234; Brit. Mus. No. 466, Bengal, India. Along median
depression of elytra.

This species, which was found on several specimens growing along a groove of the elytra, is most
nearly related to L. strangulata, but is abundantly distinct in a variety of ways. The material is in un-
usually good condition and abundant, and the characters appear to be very constant. Although the
determination of the host is doubtful, there can be little chance of confusion in the case of so well defined
a species.

RHACHOMYCES Thaxter.

This type proves to be a very constant one and the species, which are rather numerous, are found in
all parts of the world on Carabidae and Staphylinide. The main axis, as has been previously pointed out,
is a proliferous branch arising from the subbasal cell of a two-celled appendiculate primary receptacle.
The variations in the development of this secondary axis are very remarkable and the most highly devel-
oped forms are very striking in appearance.

In the more elongate species there are certain curious appearances on the cells of the main axis which
strongly suggest the stigmata of lepidopterous and other insect larvee. These appearances which are shown
in the accompanying figures of R. Philonthinus and R. Dolicaontis, Plate XLIV, figs. 3-4 and 8, occur
three on each cell as a rule, two lateral and one anterior. They do not appear to occur on the short forms,
and it seems possible that they may act as valves to relieve the tension caused by sudden and abrupt flexion

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 421

to which such individuals must often be subject. A structure somewhat similar in appearance has been
described in connection with the perithecium of Laboulbenia (Monograph, Plate I, fig. 14, «).

RuacHomyces CANARIENSIS Thaxter. Plate XLIV, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 436. April, 1900.

Perithecitum pale straw-colored, nearly straight, a median and subterminal well-defined broadly-
rounded ridge marking the transverse septa between the three lower tiers of wall-cells; the tip tapering
rather abruptly, hyaline, the apex rounded. Receptacle rather slender, the basal and subbasal cells
relatively large, hyaline, the rest pale straw-colored, the main axis consisting of fifteen or sixteen cells,
the upper five or six forming a free erect termination. ‘The appendages not numerous, appressed, brown;
those about the base of the perithecium larger, distally blunt and hyaline, about two thirds as long as
the perithecium. Perithecia 90-130 X 27-30 yp. Receptacle 175-225 y. Appendages, longest, about
100 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 250-325 wu.

On the elytra of Trechus flavomarginatus Woll., British Museum, No. 419. Teneriffe: Paris Mu-
seum No. 184, on Trechus Asturiensis Le Br., Grotte de Puerto de Paganes, Asturias. Berlin Museum
on T. rotundipennis Duft., “Gastein.”’

This small species, specimens of which from Teneriffe, fig. 1, and the single specimen from “‘ Gastein,”
are illustrated in the accompanying plate, is well distinguished by the pale color of its appendages, the
very prominent antheridia, and the two successive ridges which are present in the perithecium. It appears
to be rare, and only one or two specimens were found on each of the hosts above referred to.

Ruacuomyces TuHarpi Thaxter. Plate XLV, figs. 6-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 436. April, 1900.

Perithecium hyaline or straw-colored, becoming faintly tinged with brown, slender, inflated near the
base; the distal half or less mostly curved away from the appendages, tapering gradually to the blunt
undifferentiated apex. Receptacle normally consisting of eleven cells superposed to form the main axis,
hyaline, their septa horizontal or but slightly oblique, the basal cell subtriangular, tinged with reddish
brown; the cells of the secondary series hyaline and proportionately rather large. Appendages rather
dense, almost opaque except the nearly or quite hyaline tip and inner margin; rather short, about four
to six of those about the base of the perithecium much larger, longer, and stouter, reaching somewhat
higher than the middle of the perithecium, their tips at first clavate becoming obliquely truncate or fan-
shaped through the degeneration of the hyaline portion, the curved tips of the antheridia projecting rather
conspicuously. Perithecia 115-30 ». Total length of receptacle 140 4. Longer appendages 90 p.

On Thalpius rufulus Lec., U. 5. National Museum, Texas.

This species is very closely related to R. Zufii from which it seems constantly to differ in its smaller
size and differently shaped curved perithecium, the distal portion of which, even in young specimens,
is free above the longest appendages. The appendages about the base of the perithecium are in both
species characteristically spathulate-tipped, this type being larger, longer and more numerous in R. Zufii
and extending down the axis to the base.

RuacHomyces Zuppa Thaxter. Plate XLV, figs. 10-11.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 436. April, 1900.

Perithecium relatively small, straw-colored, somewhat inflated at the base, the tip rather abruptly
distinguished and slightly inflated. Axis of the receptacle slender, consisting normally of about sixteen
cells which are nearly hyaline, or with brown shades below the septa. Appendages nearly opaque, straight
stout appressed, not elongate, more or less swollen distally along the inner margin of the subhyaline tip;
eight to ten about the base of the perithecium longer and stouter. Perithecia 110-140 25 «. Longer
appendages about 110-140 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 350-400 y.

On Zuphium Mexicanum Chaud., British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 713. Cordova, Mexico.

422 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

Closely allied to R. Thalpu, but larger, with longer and more numerous appendages which nearly
conceal the perithecium. The septa of the axis are usually more or less deeply suffused. In one specimen
these suffusions above form black bands, but the region is not visible in a majority of the specimens, being
hidden by the appendages.

RHACHOMYCES PILOSELLUS (Robin) Thaxter.
Seanty material of this species in poor condition was found in the Paris Collection, No. 176 on Lathor-
bium fulvipenne Fab. from France, and also on the same host var. apteraum in the Berlin collection
from Europe. ‘The specimens appear to correspond in all respects with those previously examined.

RuacHomyces ApH#Nopsis Thaxter. Plate XLV, figs. 12-14.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 314. July, 1905.

Perithecium but slightly inflated, hyaline, straight, the tip blunt symmetrical. Receptacle variable,
hyaline; the main axis consisting of about ten to fifteen hyaline cells, the two lowest larger and suffused
with brown, the rest broader than long, and separated by somewhat oblique septa; the hyaline appendic-
ulate cells relatively large, and not concealed by the appendages, which are rich black brown, the lower
ones, when unbroken, extending upward far beyond the tip of the perithecium and curved toward it:
those arising about its base, and even below it from the inner cells of the appendiculate series, unlike the
rest, erect, straight, consisting of a paler basal part, five to six septate, with constrictions at the septa, and
a distal unicellular more or less elongate portion. Perithecium (not fully matured) about 85 X 25 p.
Receptacle 75-165 X 15-18 ». The longest appendages about 300-350 yp.

On the elytra of Aphenops cerberus Diek., Ariége, France; Sharp Collection, Type, No. 1142; Berlin
Museum, No. 877; Paris Museum, No. 193.

I have found a few specimens of this species in all the collections mentioned, but none are fully
matured and only the two figured have perithecia. The species is well characterized by the closely septate
appendages about the base of the perithecium, and the long clear rich dark brown appendages of the
usual type which arise from the axis and are as long near its base as near its summit. The species is most
nearly allied to R. hypogeus and all the specimens infested appear to have come from the same locality.

RHACHOMYCES HypoGcaus Thaxter.

Single preparations of this species have been obtained from the Hope Collection, No. 304 on Anoph-
thalmus oblongus Motsch, Carniola, and from the Berlin Museum on A. Bilimeki Sturm. from the Adela-
burg Grotto, No. 872: both, however, immature. Several small forms which are perhaps undeveloped
individuals of this species were also found in the Paris Museum on A. hirtus Sturm., No. 192, and Anoph-

‘

thalmus ‘“n. s.”

RwHACHOMYCES sTIPITATUS Thaxter. Plate XLIV, figs. 5-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 4388. April, 1900.
Perithecium pale straw-colored becoming tinged with brownish, much darker toward the tip; broadly
subfusiform, usually symmetrical, tapering from about the middle to the small blunt usually symmetrical,
hardly differentiated, often hyaline tip; borne free on a stalk-cell which is concolorous, sometimes as jong
as the receptacle, in other cases but slightly developed. Receptacle straw-colored, or faintly brownish
with pale “‘stigmatal” marks; the main axis consisting of about fifteen to seventeen cells, the septa rather
oblique, its distal portion, consisting of about two to four cells, erect and free: the cells of the secondary
axis relatively large, concolorous, that opposite the subbasal cell of the main axis bearing a long opaque
blackish brown appendage curved toward the receptacle and often equalling it in length, other similar
appendages arising at intervals above it but not from all the lower cells, becoming more numerous through-
out the distal half and in some instances extending to or beyond the tip of the perithecium even in the long-
stalked forms, associated throughout with shorter appendages and antheridia. Some of the individuals

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®. 423
on A. Lespezi small, the main axis of the receptacle consisting of only seven cells, the perithecia nearly
sessile and small in proportion. Spores 50-60 x 4 yw. Perithecia 140-150 & 45-69 p» (100 * 30 y in
small specimens), the stalk including basal cells, longest 220 * 47 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
about 550 4 (200-680 ). Receptacle 325 » (110-350 4). Appendages longest 400 y..

On Anophthalmus Rhadamanthus Lind., Hope Coll. No. 306, Greece; on A. Lespezi Fair., Pacis
Museum; No. 185, Grotte des Capucini, Seine et Garonne, France.

Although the types of this species on A. Rhadamanthus, which are figured in the accompanying plare,
are strikingly unlike the other species, specimens occurring on A. Lespezi were found in the Paris collection
which, though distinctly smaller, have similar stiff upright appendages, and although it is not so well
developed, the perithecium has a distinct stalk. An examination is needed of a large number of these
cave forms, and it is barely possible that R. hypogeus may tend to vary toward the present species.

RuacHomyces GiypPToMert Thaxter. Plate XLV, fig. 16.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVII, p. 39. June, 1901.

Receptacle slender, dirty translucent brown, the main axis consisting of about seven cells (below the
lower of the two perithecia which are present in the type): the appendages slightly divergent, large and
long, opaque brown, flexed inward near their hyaline, somewhat more slender extremities, and extending
beyond the tips of the perithecia. Perithecium short-stalked, strongly curved, slightly inflated, hyaline,
soiled with brownish, the tips well distinguished, blackish brown and obliquely truncate. Perithecia,
including basal and stalk-cells, about 185 * 44 w. Receptacle to base of lower perithecium 150 & 15 yp.
Appendages, longest 360 4 or more.

On tip of abdomen of Glyptomerus cavicolus Miill. Carniola, Austria. Sharp Collection, No. 1141.

The solitary type of this species which is well defined by the shape of its perithecia and the character
of its appendages, is illustrated in the accompanying plate. This specimen is no doubt abnormal in pro-
ducing two perithecia, the axis of the normal receptacle probably not consisting of more than a dozen
cells at most; the distal portion in this specimen representing a proliferation such as is seen occasionally
in most species of the genus, which gives rise to a second perithecium. ‘The cave-dwelling staphylinid
which it inhabits appears to be rare in collections.

RHACHOMYCES CAYENNENSIS Thaxter. Plate XLV, figs. 4-5.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 438. April, 1900.

Perithecium rather small, yellowish, the anterior margin nearly straight, the posterior convex; the
tip clearly and abruptly differentiated, concolorous, asymmetrical, somewhat bent. Main axis of the
receptacle rather strongly curved, consisting of about twelve cells; the basal ones slender, deeply suffused,
those immediately above opaque slender, the rest rather large with central brown suffusions; the distal
cells paler. Appendages rather coarse, crowded, black-brown, opaque or nearly so, the tips mostly bent
outward, appressed below, somewhat divergent distally; six or more about the base of the perithecium
slightly longer than the rest, nearly equalling, sometimes slightly exceeding the perithecium in length.
Perithecium 120-140 X 25-30 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium about 350 yu (average). Longest
appendages 140 yp.

On Cryptobium sp. indet., British Museum No. 387. Cayenne. On the inferior surface of abdomen.

This species is distinguished most readily by the form of the perithecium, straight on the inner side
and strongly curved on the outer to the peculiar and well differentiated tip: as well as by its short, stout,
curved form, and dense appendages. The small group of appendages characteristically curved outward
near the base which are shown at the left in figure 4, appear to be peculiar to this species, although in
some specimens they have been broken off.

424 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

RHACHOMYCES FURCATUS Thaxter.

Specimens of this species, which is well marked by its long appendages and the considerable extension
of its axis beyond the base of the perithecial stalk-cell, have been found as follows: Hope Collection, No.
221, on Othius fulgidus, no locality: in the British Museum, No. 382 on O. julvipennis Fabr., France;
No. 428 on O. melanocephalus Gray., Europe and on O. fulvipennis Fabr. in the Berlin Museum (imma-
ture). In addition to these single specimens of a somewhat paler and more slender variety were found on
O. myrmecophilus Kies. from Tilgate, England, in the British Museum, No. 440, and in the Berlin Mu-
seum, No. 812, on O. melanocephalus Grav., from England. This form, however, does not seem separable
from the type which is clearly defined and appears to be confined to Europe.

RuacHomyces CryprosBianus Thaxter. Plate XLV, fig. 15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 4387. April, 1900.

Perithecium hyaline or pale straw-colored, very long and slender, nearly isodiametric throughout,
almost straight, the tip apparently blunt and not well differentiated. The main axis of the receptacle
consists of about sixteen cells; the basal cell and those immediately above it slender black and opaque;
the rest becoming larger upward, hyaline suffused or mottled with reddish brown. Appendages numer-
ous, slightly divergent, becoming longer from the base upward, nearly opaque except along the inner
margin and at the tip which is generally bent abruptly outward, a group of about six below the base of
the perithecium much longer than the rest and curved outward in a tuft, those arising about the base of
the perithecium very elongate, erect, with straight blunt tips, reaching nearly to the apex of the perithecium.
Perithecium 490-450 (about) 35 yw. Receptacle 275-430 yw. Total length to tip of perithectum 650-
800 y. Longest appendages 300-430 uy.

On Cryptobium capitatum, Paris Museum, No. 172. Brazil.

A fine species remarkable for its long slender perithecium and the characteristic dispositon of its
appendages near the base of the latter.

RuacHomyces Oepicuiri Thaxter. Plate XLV, figs. 8-9.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVII, p. 38. June, 1901.

Receptacle strongly curved, rather short, the lower cells especially more or less suffused with clear
brown, the basal cell slender, the cells of the main axis above it successively larger, about ten to twelve
in all. Appendage hardly ever reaching to the tip of the perithecium; the shorter margin alone subulate
and straight, the rest appressed, denser toward the base of the perithecium, where they form a tuft which
does not wholly surround it, curved slightly outward, somewhat attenuated; tips abruptly recurved or
subhelicoid. Perithecium somewhat inflated with a more or less evident submedian ridge, hyaline, with
the exception of several longitudinal dark brown marks at the tip, the base concealed by the appendages.
Spores 36 X 4 4. Perithecia 90-110 X 30-35 yw. Total length to tip of perithecium 220-250 . Long-
est appendages about 90 yp.

On Oedichirus noy. sp. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sharp Collection, No. 1154.

This pretty species is distinguished by its short stout eurved form; absolutely hyaline perithecium,
with small subterminal brown patches; and characteristic appendages, which are mostly similar, gradually
longer from below upward and abruptly recurved at the tips, forming a little hook. The species is very
constant in its characters, and appears to be most nearly related to R. Philonthinus. The host is a staphy-
linid supposed to be a new species, and is allied to Pinophilus. 3

Rwacnomyces Paitonruinus Thaxter. Plate XLIV, figs. 3-4.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 435. April, 1900.
Perithecia borne on a short broad hardly visible stalk-cell, reddish brown, inflated toward the base,
conical above, straight and nearly symmetrical, the tip blunt, undifferentiated, symmetrical. Main axis
of the receptacle distinct, consisting of about twenty cells, the ‘‘stigmatal’’ markings usually conspicuous

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 425

including about eight to ten cells which form its erect free termination beside the base of the perithecium;
the three lower cells mostly suffused with red brown, those above hyaline or partly suffused, increased
in size to about the eleventh cell, above which they become successively smaller to the tip of the free
portion; the septa for the most part marked by rather prominent constrictions. Appendages numerous
but not obscuring the main axis of the receptacle, slightly divergent, mostly tapering distally and slightly
bent below the straight hyaline tips; those arising about the base of the perithecium only slightly longer
and stouter, brown and mostly blunt tipped, about six in number and as a rule hardly extending to the
middle of the perithecium. Spores about 40-45 x 4 yw. Perithecia 140-200 x 40-60 p. Receptacle
220-340 yw. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 300-1000 4. Longest appendages about 100 y.

On Philonthus longicornis Steph., British Museum, No. 408, Island of St. Helena; on Philonthus
sp. indet., Hope Coll., No. 225, British Isles. Berlin Museum, No. 814 on P. albipes Gray., Sweden;
No. 827 on P. exiguus Nord., Europe. Sharp Coll.; No. 1132, on P. gastralis Sharp, Japan; No. 1129
on P. mutans Sharp, China; No. 1107 and 1109 on Amichrotus apicipennis Sharp, Japan; No. 1193 on
Amichrotus sp., Japan; No. 1133 on a new genus near Amichrotus, Japan.

Although this species has not yet been seen from America, it appears to be widely distributed in the
western hemisphere, as is indicated by the above list of hosts. It is a well defined species, varying mostly
in size, the very large specimens (fig. 3) occurring on Amichrotus, a genus said by Dr. Sharp to be very
near, if not identical with Phalonthus. Its numerous rather short stiff appendages do not differ greatly
in length throughout the receptacle, and are characteristically bent at the tips. An individual typical in
form and size is represented in fig. 4 which was obtained from a British Philonthus. The species is most
nearly allied to R. Oedichiri and R. arbusculus, the latter differimg in the form of its perithecium and the
differentiation of its appendages.

RuacHomyces Doricaontis Thaxter. Plate XLIV, fig. 8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 39. June, 1901.

Form elongate. Cells of the main axis of the receptacle twenty to thirty-five, more or less dirty
brownish, banded with dark blackish brown below, while the more slender proximal cells are usually
opaque; the axis of nearly equal diameter throughout and nearly straight above about the eighth cell;
each cell containing distally one, the axis cells two, roundish or oblong brown bodies (possibly valve-like
structure) which suggest the stigmata of an insect larva. The appendages somewhat divergent, opaque,
except a narrow upper hyaline margin, short, stiff and numerous; those external more slender, slightly
curved and sharply pointed; those between somewhat stouter and longer, with slightly recurved tips;
those about the base of the perithecium, which they do not conceal, but slightly longer and few in number.
Perithecium short-stalked, slightly more or less symmetrically inflated, dull brown, minutely punctate
or granular, not uniformly suffused; the tip with darker shades, the blunt apex hyaline. Spores 66 X 5 y.
Perithecia 150-200 < 42-60 y, including the basal and stalk-cells. Larger appendages 90-110 y, smaller
about 75 yw. ‘Total length 600-1100 y, the average diameter about 30-35 yp.

On all parts of Dolicaon Lathrobioides Casteln. Cape of Good Hope, Africa. Sharp Collection,
No. 1146. Berlin Museum, Nos. 833 and 842.

A specimen of this large staphylinid in Dr. Sharp’s collection was found completely covered by this
fine species. It differs from the other elongate forms in its rather small and not very numerous mostly
divergent appendages. The peculiar stigmata-like markings on the cells of the receptacle are unusually
conspicuous in the species, and the dark lines which separate the perithecial wall-cells are usually more
pronounced than is indicated in the figure. The surface of the perithecium appears to become granular
as it matures, and more deeply suffused with brown. The characters of the species are very constant
although there is some variation in size.

426 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

RHACHOMYCES LONGISSIMUS Thaxter.

Fine specimens of this species, which is the largest of the genus and may reach a length of almost
two millimeters, have been obtained in the British Museum on Colpodes evanescens Bates No. 694, Toto-
nicapan, Guatemala; on C. proteinus Bates, No. 699, Vera Paz, Guatemala; on C. reflexus Chaud., No.
1042 from Columbia. It shows a certain amount of variation in color, few specimens being as dark as
the one represented in my Monograph. The appendages also are often more widely separated from one
another, and the axis relatively stouter. It recalls R. Dolicaontis which, however, lacks the successive
pairs of divergent appendages which are so characteristic in this species as well as in R. tenuzs, to which it
appears to be most nearly allied.

RHACHOMYCES TENUIS Thaxter. Plate XLIV, fig. 7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 437. April, 1900.

Perithecium relatively small, the lower half or more hidden by the appendages, hardly inflated,
faintly tinged with brown, tapering very slightly to the tip, which is suffused with dark brown, broad,
hardly differentiated and slightly asymmetrical. Receptacle very long and slender, the cells of the main
axis thirty to forty in number, dark reddish brown or nearly opaque, subhyaline below the somewhat
oblique septa, except the lower members of the series, which are as a rule wholly opaque; the cells in-
creasing slightly in size from the base upward. Appendages straight, narrower distally, rather short and
appressed, not very numerous; those about the base of the perithecium, about twelve in number, some-
what larger and longer than the rest, surrounding and concealing it more or less completely; some of the
lower appendages also longer and curved conspicuously outward, as are the antheridia. Perithecia about
110 < 30 w. Longer appendages about 140-160 ». Greatest width of receptacle about 20 ». Total
length to tip of perithecium 800-1000 yp.

On the legs of a small carabid beetle, Paris Museum, No. 113. Java.

This elegantly formed species is distinguished from R. longissimus, which appears to be its nearest
ally, by its more slender form, its more slender and differently shaped perithecium and the character of
its appendages, which are quite different, although the same succession of projecting pairs occurs, the
members of which, unlike those of R. longissimus, are subulate and not recurved.

RuacHomyces Javanicus Thaxter. Plate XLV, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 314. July, 1905.

Perithecium straight, symmetrical, tapering slightly distally, translucent, brown, the tip opaque
blackish brown, the apex hyaline and blunt, the whole surrounded and more or less hidden up to the tip
by the appendages. Receptacle rather long and slender, the main axis normally consisting of more than
twenty cells which are clearly distinguishable, more or less suffused with blackish brown, less so toward
the base, more or less hyaline at, and obliquely below, the septa; the appendiculate cells giving rise to a
dense series of similar black subequal appendages, their inner edges somewhat hyaline, with slightly
upturned and enlarged bluntly pointed hyaline tips, more numerous distally and forming a dense tuft
below and around the perithecium which they conceal, except for its projecting tip. Perithecium 95-
110 X 35-40 pw. Receptacle 275-350 yx by about 18 4. ‘Total length 350-460 4. Appendages, longer,
about 90-100 yp. '

On legs of a small Harpaloid (?) beetle brought from Buitenzorg, Java, by Dr. H. M. Richards.

Closely allied to R. velatus, but differing in its smaller size more slender form and fewer stouter ap-
pendages, which do not conceal the axis as in velatus.

RHACHOMYCES VELATUS Thaxter. Plate XLIV, fig. 9, XLV, fig. 3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 435. April, 1900.

Perithecium short stout straight symmetrical, evenly inflated, pale brownish, translucent; the tip
abruptly dark brown, opaque or nearly so, tapering symmetrically to the blunt rounded apex. Receptacle

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 427

varying in length, consisting of perhaps eighteen to twenty cells, the basal cell and sometimes two or three
of those above it hyaline or nearly so, the rest indistinguishable, being concealed by the densely crowded
appressed appendages, which are rather short and slender, deep brown or opaque except along the inner
margin and at the tip; those around the base of the perithecium also densely crowded, subequal blunt-
tipped, wholly suffused, completely enveloping it and wholly concealing it till it is fully developed when
the tip alone projects beyond them. Spores about 35-40 K 3-4 yw. Perithecia 175 & 75 y or smaller.
Total length to tip of perithecium 400-550 ». ‘The longer appendages about 120 p.

On Colpodes agilis Chaud., British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 696, Jalapa, Mexico; on C. atratus
Chaud., British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 698, Irazu, Costa Rica; on Gynandropus Mexicanus
Putz., British Museum (Biologia Coll.), No. 682, Cordova, Mexico. Usually on legs.

This species, which in general appearance suggests a young shoot of larch or spruce, owing to its
densely crowded appressed and undifferentiated appendages, is distinguished by its broad stout perithe-
cium, which is usually almost completely concealed by the somewhat longer appendages which arise about
its base, and by the enormous numbers of the latter which also render the main axis quite indistinguishable.
The only species with which it might be confused is R. Javanus in which, however, the appendages are
much less numerous. The individuals on Gynandropus (fig. 3) have been taken as the type, although
they do not appear to differ essentially from those on Colpodes. In fig. 9, Plate XLIV, the perithecium
has become visible owing to pressure of the cover glass.

CLEMATOMYCES Thaxter.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 439. April, 1900.

Receptacle consisting of a basal and a subbasal cell from which arises distally a main axis bearing
a terminal perithecium and formed from a double row of cells; the cells of the external row producing
sterile appendages, those 6f the inner producing secondary axes similar in structure to the primary one,
or antheridial branches; the secondary axes producing antheridial or sterile branches on both sides, and
like the primary ones bearing a single terminal perithecium. The antheridia simple, borne singly, or
usually in whorls, from the distal end of the successive cells of the antheridial branchlet, which consists
of several superposed cells.

The structure of the receptacle in this genus, although it suggests that of Distichomyces, is unlike
that of any other type, consisting as it does of two axes or cell-rows; an anterior (inner) bearing mostly
fertile branches, and a posterior bearing sterile appendages. The antheridial appendages which occur
both in the main anterior axis, and on its secondary branches, when the latter are well developed as in
fig. 2, recall the appendages of Arthrorhynchus but they vary considerably both as regards the number of
cells which compose them and of antheridia which they bear. The wall-cells of the perithecia are more
numerous than usual, there being apparently seven in each row, although the lower apparent wall-cells
may prove to be upgrowths of the basal cells which function as wall-cells. The affinities of the genus are
doubtful and although the appendages are so similar to those of Arthrorhynchus the type may prove to be
more nearly related to Moschomyces and Compsomyces.

CLemMatToMyces Pinopuiit Thaxter. Plate XLIII, figs. 1-2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 440. April, 1900.

Nearly hyaline or yellowish, the basal and subbasal cells small, the cells of the main axis in six to
twelve pairs more or less alternate on either side, each cell of the outer series giving rise to a three- or four-
celled usually simple generally appressed sterile appendage, the terminal cell of which is often smoky
brown, its basal cell almost wholly united to the cell of the axis next above; the secondary axes one to
three in number, usually with a single basal cell, the external branches more often simple and sterile, the
inner fertile; the antheridial appendages of both primary and secondary axes more often simple, some-
times sparingly branched, those near the perithecia bearing the greatest number of antheridia which may

428 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

arise singly or opposite in pairs, or in whorls of three or four from the distal (one to four) cells of the
appendage. Perithecium solitary, sessile at the tips of the primary and secondary axes, often straight
and symmetrical tapering to the truncate unmodified apex, pale becoming amber-brown. Spores about
38 X 3 uw. Perithecia 100-150 X 25-40 yp. Sterile appendages, longer 100 X 7 4. Greatest length to
tip of perithecium (main axis) 300-400 X 35 p.

On inferior surface of thorax of Pinophilus sp. indet., British Museum, No. 390, Burmah, India.

In the individual figured, the basal and subbasal cells are abnormally placed or the latter is abnor-
mally septate. In the other specimens these two cells are directly superposed. The species shows a good
deal of variation in the number of cells composing both the main and secondary axes, and also in the
number and position of the latter.

COMPSOMYCES Thaxter.

This genus and Moschomyces, which may prove to be not generically separable from it, are decidedly
isolated, and it is difficult even to suggest the probable affinities of the few species thus far discovered.
It seems to me that it is better to regard the perithecia as arising from a single stalk-cell which is in turn
borne on an appendiculate branch from the receptacle consisting of a single cell. The sterile appendages,
or certain of them, are peculiar in having slightly oblique septa when young, and it is only in this group
that asci with eight spores are definitely known to occur.

Compsomyces Lestevi Thaxter. Plate XLIII, figs. 9-12.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 439. April, 1900.

Receptacle consisting of a small basal and subbasal cell, the latter giving rise to rarely more than two
branches; one of which consists of a basal cell, from the upper side of which the stalk-cell of the perithe-
cium arises; while externally it gives rise to a characteristic sterile branch, simple, usually slightly upeurved,
rather closely and somewhat obliquely septate, commonly consisting of about nine superposed cells, taper-
ing rather abruptly at the tip. Perithecium borne on a well developed erect stalk-cell, nearly symmetri-
cal, tapering from about the middle to the broad truncate undifferentiated tip; the basal cells small, but
slightly distinguished from the inflated base of the ascigerous portion, the spores few and relatively large.
The other branch arising from the subbasal cell of the receptacle, an antheridial branch, divergent, con-
sisting typically of four superposed cells above which it becomes fureate, dividing into two branches which
are large stout tapering, distally curved; the third cell of the appendage producing a single short flask-
shaped antheridium distally on its inner side and sometimes giving rise to a branch similar to those above.
Spores 42 & 4 pw. Perithecia 75-85 X 30-35 yp, the stalk 75 x 22 w. Antheridial appendage including
branches 275 p, the basal part about 60 X 20 p.

On abdomen and elytra of Lesteva sicula Erich, British Museum, Nos. 452 and 453, Paisley and Red
Hill, England: on L. pubescens Mannerh., No. 1094, Scotland: on Lesteva sp. No. 1175. Savoy, in
Sharp Coll.

This species differs from the type of the genus in having a single antheridium definitely placed on a
main appendage; at least this appears to be the condition in all the specimens examined which have
been in sufficiently good condition to show the antheridium at all. At first sight it might seem wholly
different from C. verticillatus from the apparent absence of a basal appendiculate cell below the stalk-cell
of its perithecium; but an examination of young specimens shows, as in fig. 12, that this appendiculate
cell is present, although very small, and as the individual matures the enlargement of the stalk-cell, as
well as of the basal cells of the other appendages, causes it to become obscured and displaced, so that the
stalk-cell itself appears to arise directly from the subbasal cell of the receptacle. That this is not the
case is clearly seen in the figure mentioned, which also shows the position of the single antheridium.
The material from Dr. Sharpe’s collection is in somewhat better condition than the types, but does not
vary greatly. ‘The specimens from Scotland have more slender perithecia, but do not seem otherwise
different.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/S. 429

MOSCHOMYCES Thaxter.

M. wsignis, the only known species of this genus, appears to be a rare form; but this is perhaps
owing to the fact that I have been unable to obtain its host in any considerable numbers. It has been
collected in one instance on Sunius longiusculus at Kittery Point, Me., on one of many specimens of the
host examined. As I have previously pointed out, it may prove only a very curious development of
Compsomyces, to which it is at least very closely allied. As in the case of the genus last mentioned, it
has seemed best to regard the basal stalk-cells of the perithecia as branches from the receptacle, from
which the perithecia originate as well as the peculiar sterile branches which subtend it, rather than as
parts of a compound perithecial stalk-cell.

CH#TOMYCES Pinopuiti Thaxter.

Three specimens agreeing in all respects with the types of this species were found in the Biologia
Collection at the British Museum on an undetermined species of Pinophilus, No. 765, from Chontales,
Nicaragua. ‘The species still remains the unique type of a genus not closely approached by any other
thus far described. It is clearly distinguished by its simple axis of superposed cells one or more of which
immediately below that which bears the perithecium, give rise to branchlets. No other form has peri-
thecia and branches similarly associated on a simple axis of this nature, which appears to be entirely
primary, and not in any part a secondary development from a primary receptacle such as is seen in
Rhachomyces.

ECTEINOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 26. June, 1902.

Receptacle consisting of a single series of superposed cells, becoming variable in number as a result
of intercalary division; bearing distally a single perithecium and an antheridial appendage. The ap-
pendage consisting of a series of superposed cells, several of which, above its basal or stalk-cell, bear
simple antheridia, which are cut off distally on one or both sides, by oblique septa.

This genus, although it lacks any very striking characteristic, is one of the rare instances in the family
in which the primary receptacle becomes multicellular through intercalary divisions of its cells. The
appendage in young specimens consists of several superposed cells, the lower of which cut off simple an-
theridia distally by an oblique septum, while later they develop a variable number of filamentous branches.
The genus appears to bear some resemblance to Compsomyces in the character of its perithecium and
antheridia, and also to Hydrophilomyces and Misgomyces in the presence of intercalary growth, and in
the general relations of its parts.

EcTEINOMYCES TRICHOPTEROPHILUS Thaxter. Plate LI, figs. 15-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 26. June, 1902.

Wholly hyaline with the exception of the typically blackened foot. Receptacle varying from a very
long and slender to a comparatively short and stout form, the number of superposed cells varying in
number from five to fifteen, or rarely more; the cells often hardly larger distally; the series as a whole
often irregular, the successive cells irregularly unequal in length. Appendage similar to the receptacle,
consisting of five or six superposed cells; the basal cell united to the stalk-cell of the perithecium; the
subbasal cell sterile; two or three of the cells above it bearing one to two antheridia each, which may be
replaced by sterile branches similar to those which always arise from the terminal cells of the series, both
laterally and terminally. Stalk-cell of the perithecium short, not distinguished from the basal cells; the
body of the perithecium oblong or oval, tapering abruptly distally to form the slender well-distinguished
tip, which tapers slightly to the blunt unmodified apex. Spores 25 X 3 yu. Perithecia 55-65 22-28 yu.
Appendage including branches 75-100 4. Receptacle 25-140 X 7-12 ». Total length to tip of perithe-
cium 100-220 yp.

430 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

On the elytra of Trichopteryx Haldemani Lec., Intervale, N. H. On species of Trichopteryx, near
e ) i] 5)
Fresh Pond, Cambridge, and at Kittery Point, Maine.

This species seems to be commonly distributed on various species of its curious and microscopic
host, which is the smallest insect thus far known to be infested by Laboulbeniales. It varies very consid-
erably in the amount of secondary growth of its receptacle, the extremes in this respect being illustrated
by figs. 15-17. The host is often very abundant in piles of moist vegetable refuse.

MISGOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 443. April, 1900.

Receptacle indeterminate, consisting of numerous cells superposed singly, or in tiers of two or three
cells each, ending distally in an appendiculate portion not clearly distinguished from the receptacle, and
a solitary perithecium, the two related to one another somewhat as the corresponding structures are re-
lated in Laboulbenna. (Antheridia simple and borne free on the short appendages ”).

In the absence of any exact knowledge as to the antheridia, it is not possible to define this type very
precisely, although its general characters are such as to distinguish it very clearly from other genera un-
less perhaps from Kcteinomyces, which also possesses an indeterminate multicellular receptacle. The
antheridia seem to be evanescent, and in even the youngest specimens, in which the perithecium is quite
undeveloped, what appear to be the remains of them, only, have been seen. The appendages are not
well developed and are irregular in their origin; the primary ‘‘appendage” from which they arise recalling
that of Ceratomyces, although less definitely differentiated and varying considerably. It seems safe to
assuine from an examination of the material available that the antheridia are simple and free, but it is
to be hoped that European observers may obtain fresh material of the young conditions of M. Dyschiru,
which appears to be common on various species of Dyschirtus, in order definitely to determine this point.
Until the antheridia are known, it is difficult to judge of the nearest relationships of the genus, but the
character of its receptacle would appear to ally it to Ecteinomyces, although the primary appendage is
clearly distinguished in this genus and the perithecium is different in character.

Miscomyces Dyscuirit Thaxter. Plate LXX, figs. 9-10.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 443. April, 1900.

Rather rich amber-brown, the receptacle consisting of from eight to twenty-three superposed cells,
the upper ones rarely divided longitudinally, the distal cell lying between several, usually three, smaller
cells which become separated from it on either side, and which, together with its base, are united to the
base of the perithecium; while above it, and separated from it by a thin dark insertion, a cellular base
gives rise to the group of appendages, the irregular basal cells of which alone remain in the material ex-
amined. Perithecium nearly oval or very slightly pointed, the tip and lips undifferentiated. Spores,
seen only in perithecium, with base apparently abruptly recurved or bent, about 60 X 3.8 y. Perithecia
70-85 X 35-40 yw. Receptacle 135-400 ». Total length to tip of perithecium 200-435 yp.

On Dyschirius globosus Herbst., Hope Coll., No. 349, England; on D. salinus Schaum., British
Museum, No. 582, Europe. On D. politus Dej., D. externus Sch., D. digitatus Dej., D. mgricollis F.,
D. leviusculus Putz., Europe, Berlin Museum Nos. 894, 895, 896, 897.

This species is very clearly distinguished from the next by its amber-brown color, more simple re-
ceptacle and differently shaped perithecium. It does not appear to be rare on species of Dyschirius in
England and on the continent, but has always been found with the appendages badly broken, so that no
antheridia are visible, and even the appendages themselves can with difficulty be made out. The host
is a minute carabid allied to Clivina.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZZ. 431

Miscomyces SToMoNAXx! Thaxter. Plate LXX, figs. 7-8.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 443. April, 1900.

Hyaline or pale straw colored. Receptacle consisting of a basal and one or two more single super-
posed cells, the cells above these becoming rather irregularly divided longitudinally to form a double row
of variable length, above which a second longitudinal division appears, the receptacle in this region being
made up of three-celled tiers as far as the base of the perithecium, above which its distal part consists of
several superposed pairs of cells, or of two rows of cells more irregularly distributed, the insertion of the
appendages rather indefinite, the cells composing it producing irregular hyaline or brownish branches
distally. Perithecium externally nearly straight, the inner margin convex, the tip rather abruptly differ-
entiated, straight or curved outward. Perithecia 90-100 x 25-30 yp. Receptacle 300-335 y. ‘Total
length to tip of perithecium 365-400 x 40-45 yp.

On Stomonacus striaticollis Dej., British Museum No. 593, China. On elytra.

This species is based on three specimens, two of which are illustrated in the accompanying plate.
It differs from M. Dyschirwi chiefly in the form of its perithecium, and in the fact that its receptacle con-
sists not of superposed cells but of tiers of cells. It is possible that I am in error in associating these
forms under one genus; but until sufficient material can be examined, there seems to be no better disposi-
tion possible. A fourth specimen apparently identical with the others was found in the Paris Museum,
No. 17, on a small harpaloid (?) carabid from Madagascar.

CERATOMYCETINEA.

Antheridia more or less undifferentiated cells of the appendages or of their branches. ‘lhe species
for the most part aquatic.

HYDROPHILOMYCES nov. gen.
Ceratomyces Thaxter pro parte.

Receptacle consisting of an indeterminate series of superposed cells indefinitely multiplied by inter-
calary division and with occasional longitudinal septa. Axis of the appendage similar to that of the
receptacle and continuous with it, giving rise to a double row of branches arising from small cells sepa-
rated distally and obliquely from its successive members; many of these small cells nearer the base appar-
ently converted directly to pointed antheridial cells. Perithecia consisting of a small and determinate
number of cells.

There appear to be not more than five cells in each lateral and in the inner row of wall-cells,
and perhaps but four in the outer, while the perithecium is developed in relation to the trichogyne like
other members of the family, and not in the fashion peculiar to Ceratomyces and its near allies which was
described in my Monograph. It is possible that I am mistaken in regarding the beaked cells of the ap-
pendage (Plate LXVIII, figs. 3-4) as antheridia, since I have seen no actual discharge of sperm-cells;
on the assumption that they are, the genus may, however, be provisionally placed not far from Ectetnomyces.
At least two more undescribed species on Hydrophilidee have similar characters.

For a further comparison of this type with the assemblage of species formerly placed by me in Cera-
tomyces reference should be made to the last mentioned genus under which these matters are discussed.

Hydrophilomyces rhynchophorus nov. comb, Plate LXVIII, figs. 1-4.
Ceratomyces rhyncophorus Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 446. April, 1900.
Hyaline. Receptacle long slender, but slightly narrower below, consisting of about forty (thirty-
five to fifty) superposed cells, wider than long; those in the lower half more flattened, the foot small.
Perithecium lateral, nearly erect, slightly divergent; a short but definite stalk-cell; the basal wall-cells
greatly elongated, extending some distance up around the ascus-mass and forming, together with the large
elongated inferior supporting cell, a broad sterile base to the perithecium which is not differentiated from its

432 THAXTER.— MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

main body; the cell rows consisting of but five cells, including the very small lip-cells, and the cells of the
sterile base; the three upper tiers of cells forming an abruptly differentiated, thick walled, long, tapering
beak-like termination, curved outward or inward, often at right angles; below which the distal end of the
outer wall-cell forms a slight rounded prominence, the very small lip-cells forming a slight enlargement.
Appendage similar to and continuing the axis of the receptacle directly, or diverging very slightly; the
cells giving rise to a double series of branches, which are subtended by small cells obliquely separated at
the distal angles, those from the lower cells short (antheridial ?), those from the upper long and several
times branched; the main appendage usually broken, but in young individuals consisting of from twenty
to twenty-five superposed cells. Spores 48 X 3 yp. Perithecia, ascigerous portion 175 * 45-50 p, beak-
like termination 140-160 y, sterile basal portion about 100 y. Receptacle 270-430 « 30-35 pw. Ap-
pendage (young individuals) 350 1, the branchlets 200 < 6

On legs and inferior surface of Phenonotum esiriatum Say. Eustis, Florida, October.

Although but a small percentage of individuals of this host were found to be infested, abundant
material was obtained, the beetles occurring in large numbers on the under side of pieces of board floating
along the margin of Lake Eustis. In two individuals the parasite was attached to the inner surface of
the elytron near its tip, all the individuals being remarkable for the monstrous development of the peri-
thecium which reached a maximum length of one millimeter. It is possible that the following species
may also be a similar variation due to its position of growth. Although the branches of the appendage
are originally opposite in two rows, the latter become as a rule approximated on the inner side, as a result
of greater external growth in the cells of the main axis.

Hydrophilomyces reflexus nov. comb. Plate LXIX, fig. 3.
Ceratomyces reflexus Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 447. April, 1900.

Hyaline with a few purplish or reddish suffusions on the receptacle, which is composed of from about
twenty-five to fifty superposed cells with occasional longitudinal septa; the foot hyaline, or slightly yellow-
ish, much enlarged, bladder-like or spherical; the distal portion distinctly broader, its axis coincident
with that of the erect appendage which forms a direct continuation of it. Perithecium small with few
asci, abruptly recurved at the base, its apex thus sometimes touching the inflated foot; nearly straight,
tapering almost symmetrically to the blunt slender tip; the ascigerous cells situated at the base just above
the small angular stalk-cell. Appendage usually flat and broader than the receptacle toward its base,
the superposed flat cells of which it is composed producing appendages on either side much as in C. rhyn-
chophorus. Spores 70 X 4 p. Perithecia 140 X 20 p. Receptacle 140-280 ». Appendage 200-400 p.
Foot about 30 X 30-388 yp.

On Phenonotum estriatum Say. Eustis, Florida, October.

Specimens of this species were found on several individuals, but never fully matured, growing on the
soft integument of the upper surface of the abdomen just beneath the elytra, from under which they may
be seen projecting. ‘The branches of the primary appendage remain opposite and the basal cell of the
receptacle assumes a bulbous form. ‘The cells of the receptacle, in fresh material, were characterized by
reddish suffusions suggesting phycoerythrin. The great elongation of some of the specimens is note-
worthy, the receptacles comprising from forty to fifty superposed cells. As previously mentioned this
species may prove to be nearly an abnormal form of H. rhyncophorus.

RHYNCHOPHOROMYCES nov. gen.
Ceratomyces Thaxter pro parte.

Receptacle indeterminate, consisting of a considerable and variable number of superposed cells
terminated directly by the perithecium. Perithecium consisting of a well defined yenter and clearly
distinguished neck in which the wall-cells are very numerous and indeterminate. The base of the append-
age indistinguishable from the venter of the perithecium, from the walls of which it appears to arise at
maturity, together with its basal branches. Antherozoids extruded and abjointed distally and laterally,
and for the most part singly, from cells composing the branchlets of the appendage.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 433

The type of this genus, R. rostratus, was formerly included in Ceratomyces but, as I have pointed
out below under the last mentioned genus, there can be no question as to the advisability of separating
the three well marked species here enumerated in a group by themselves. As the venter of the perithe-
cium develops, the whole base of the appendage becomes incorporated with it, as well as the basal cells
of its lower branches, which actually, in the end, form a portion of the perithecial wall, and scem to arise,
as is shown in Plate LXVIII, fig. 5, from wall-cells above the base of the main appendage. ‘The neck,
or trunk-like prolongation of the perithecium is most characteristic, and at maturity becomes abruptly
reflexed in all the species, while in the two described below, it is further peculiar in possessing tooth-like
outgrowths below the curvature. The known species all inhabit water beetles belonging to the Hy-
drophilide, and have been found in North America and Oceanica.

Rhynchophoromyces elephantinus nov. comb. Plate LXVIII, fig. 5.

Ceratomyces elephantinus Thaxter. Proc. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 446. Apr., 1900.

Faintly tinged with pale amber-brown; the neck stout, its upper three fifths (more or less) abruptly
recurved: certain corresponding cells of two opposite rows just below this curvature producing broad
rather short, blunt, tooth-like outgrowths, one to two or three to four, usually, in each group, or sometimes
solitary from one group only; the tip snout-like, broad, slightly and irregularly sulcate. Receptacle
consisting of from seventeen to twenty-two squarish or flattened cells, sometimes hardly broader distally.

Appendage producing numerous long slender flexuous branches repeatedly branched. Perithecia, asciger-
ous part, about 140 x 65 yp, the neck to recurved part 475-525 p; recurved part 390-400 4. Spores
70 X 3.5 uw. Receptacle 370-550 y. Longest branch of appendage 600 p.

On legs of Hydrobius (?) sp., Eustis, Florida.

This very striking species is closely allied to R. denticulatus, but differs in general form and size,
and especially in the number and character of the tooth like perithecial appendages or outgrowths.
The accompanying figure shows the posterior view of an individual, the cells in the median line above
the receptacle corresponding to the base of the appendage, and the upper cells cut off from this row
corresponding to the main basal branches of the appendage. he host, a rather large hydrophilid,
possibly Hydrobius sp., was found swimming in rain pools in the pine woods near Lake Eustis.

Rhynchophoromyces denticulatus nov. comb. Plate LXX, fig. 1.

Ceratomyces denticulatus Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXYV, p. 445. April, 1900.

Amber-brown, the ascigerous portion of the perithecium slightly inflated and rather abruptly dis-
tinguished from the elongate neck, which at maturity is straight or slightly sinuous; the cell rows contain-
ing about fifty-five cells, the neck more slender toward the base, distally somewhat broader; successive
cells in two adjacent rows in this broader portion projecting to form well marked rather slender tooth-like
blunt outgrowths, directed obliquely upward and separated by a basal septum, one series usually con-
sisting of five cells, sometimes six, the cells immediately below often bulging prominently or forming
shorter tooth-like outgrowths; the second series consisting of usually not more than three well defined
similar tooth-like outgrowths: above these two series the upper fifth (about) of the neck is bent abruptly
backward, lying nearly parallel to the portion below it; the tip broad snout-like, the lip-cells forming a
small papillate prominence above and external to a broad rather distinctly differentiated cell, which
terminates one of the inner rows, and is almost as large as the lip-cells taken together. Receptacle rather
slender, tapering toward the base, consisting of (about) ten superposed cells, exclusive of the foot-cell,
which is not always wholly blackened. Appendage as in C. rostratus, the numerous branches and branch-
lets rather slender, not very long, forming a rather compact tuft more or less appressed around the base
of the perithecium. Perithecium, ascigerous portion about 85 x 35-40 yw, neck to recurved portion
475-500 X 20-25 mw, recurved portion about 125 y, tooth-like projections 15-35 X 6-7 yp. Receptacle
(ten superposed cells) 130-150 ». Appendages (longest branches) 175 X 3 yu.

On under surface, of a small hydrophilid beetle, Paris Mus., No. 11, Isles Mariannes, Oceanica.

434 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Sufficient material of this species was obtained from alcoholic specimens of its host, and is in very
good condition. The cells of the receptacle often appear to be longitudinally divided as in fig. 1; but the
smaller apparent cell is merely a space between the general envelope and the cell-wall proper. ‘The spe-
cies is most nearly related to R. elephantinus, from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, more
slender habit, shorter appendages, amber-brown color, and by the more numerous and differently formed
tooth-like outgrowths from the perithecial neck.

AUTOICOMYCES nov. gen.
Ceratomyces Thaxter pro parte.

Receptacle consisting of three superposed cells, the lowest often involved by the blackened foot, the
upper surmounted by a pair of cells giving rise to the single perithecium and the antheridial appendage
respectively. Antheridial appendage consisting of a series of superposed cells producing ramigerous
branches irregularly along its inner margin. Perithecium usually appendiculate, determinate, the wall-
cells in rows of seven and eight members.

This genus which I have already pointed out, is very nearly related to Ceratomyces emend., differs
in the constant and comparatively small number of cells forming the rows of wall-cells in the perithecium ;
the inner and outer rows having eight and the lateral rows seven in all species examined. All the known
forms inhabit species of a single genus, Berosus, a fact which has suggested the generic name, and of the
six that have been described, one occurs in the East Indies, while the rest are American. In addition
to the three forms illustrated herewith, three others, Autoicomyces furcatus, A. distortus and A. humilis
were formerly included in Ceratomyces and it may be mentioned that a seventh species is known to occur
on Berosus in South America. All the species have a certain family resemblance and are for the most
part pale, or quite hyaline. A. humilis, of which good material has been again obtained from the type
locality, is the only form which lacks a perithecial appendage, the conformation of its tip being rather
exceptional, the edges spreading somewhat and pointed, not compressed as in the other species. A.
contortus has also been found on the same host in the vicinity of Fresh Pond, Cambridge, but the other
New England species have only been met with in the small pond, formerly referred to, on the highest
point of Cutt’s Island, at Kittery Point, Maine.

Autoicomyces acumiaatus nov. comb. Plate LXVIII, fig. 8.

Ceratomyces acuminatus Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 447. April, 1900.

Hyaline. Receptacle consisting of three superposed cells, the basal cell partly suffused and con-
tinuous with the blackened foot. Perithecium rather stout, the outer margin nearly straight, the inner
strongly convex; the seventh wall-cell of the inner row greatly enlarged, its outer wall very thick, forming
an erect tapering bluntly pointed terminal appendage, at the base of which the papillate apex of the lip-
cells projects on the right side; the fifth cell of the external row of wall-cells growing out to form a sub-
terminal slender appendage, eight-celled in the type, distally attenuated, its terminal cell bearing one or
two slender branches. Appendages consisting of from four to five superposed cells, the distal ones ap-
pendiculate (the branches mostly broken). Perithecium 185 X 40 ». The appendage without branches
82 p, the branches 150 4; the rostrate terminal cell 50 x 17 » (at base). Receptacle 85 X 48 p. Spores
about 70 X 3.5 w. Appendage, broken, without branches 70 p.

On the inferior surface of abdomen and thorax of Berosus sp. indet. Eustis, Florida, October.

A few specimens of this well marked form were found in Lake Eustis on a Berosus very like B. striatus.
The conformation of its tip and the character of its perithecial appendage distinguish it from other species
of this genus.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 435

Autoicomyces ornithocephalus nov. comb. Plate LXIX, figs. 7-8.
Ceratomyces ornithocephalus Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 448. April, 1900.

Hyaline or becoming more or less suffused with amber-brownish. Perithecium relatively rather
small, the external margin somewhat concave, the inner convex, the four distal cells of the eight external
wall-cells rather abruptly enlarged, their external walls much thickened and forming an irregularly rounded
crest-like prominence, the distal half of the margin of which becomes abruptly almost horizontal, ter-
minating near the base of the beak-like pointed apex, which projects somewhat obliquely from the right
side: the external row of wall-cells producing above the fourth cell a large appendage, geniculate at its
base, tapering distally where it curves outward, consisting of from ten to twenty cells, the terminal cell
rarely bearing one or more slender branches. Receptacle consisting of three superposed cells, the basal
one usually opaque, except distally, and continuous with the foot, surmounted by two cells from which
arise the perithecium and the appendage. ‘The appendage (usually broken) curved outward and upward,
consisting of about ten superposed cells, the upper ones giving rise to few branches on the inner side,
which may be several times branched, the branchlets slender, mostly erect and rather rigid. Spores
about 70 X 30 w. Perithecia 120-160 35-45 yp, the crest-like tip 38-45 y broad, the appendage 120—
325 yw. Receptacle 85-120 uw. Appendage, exclusive of branches 140-150 yw. Total length to tip of
perithecium 210-290 yp.

On margin of right elytron toward the apex, of Berosus striatus Say. Kittery Point, Maine.

Occurring rather rarely and always in the same position in company with 7. jurcatus, T’. distortus,
and 7’. humilis, all of which inhabit Berosus in a small pond at the summit of Cutts Island. It is easily
separated from the other species by the conformation of the tip, which suggests a beak, subtended by a
crest or rounded cockscomb.

Autoicomyces falciferus nov. comb. Plate LXXI, fig. 19.
Ceratomyces falcijerus Thaxter. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 318. July, 1905.

Allied to A. furcatus, hyaline, the inner margin of the perithecium and the base of the appendage suf-
fused with amber-brown, becoming blackish and opaque below the appendage. External margin of the
perithecium nearly straight, the inner strongly convex; the pointed tip curved to the base of the large,
long, sickle-shaped, external, subterminal perithecial appendage, which consists of about twenty-five to
thirty superposed cells, and is curved outward. Receptacle consisting of three superposed cells, sur-
mounted by two cells from which the perithecium and antheridial appendage arise; the latter consisting
of six or more cells, bearing branches like those of the other allied species on Berosus. Spores 55 X 4 4.
Perithecium 125-150 x 55-65 yp, its appendage 435-470 < 22 . Receptacle 90-110 « 35 ». Append-
age, without branches, 110-125 yp. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 250 p.

On left inferior margin of abdomen of Berosus sp., Java; Rouyer, No. 1393.

A species most nearly related to A. /urcatus, but differing in its small antheridial appendage and very
large falcate perithecial appendage, as well as in other points.

CERATOMYCES Thaxter.

A revision of the numerous forms which I have published under this name, and the examination
of still further material, has led me to the conclusion that at least four distinct types are best separated
generically in this assemblage. The largest of these to which the original name Ceratomyces may be
applied, includes fifteen described species among which C. mirabilis may be taken as the type. All of
these are parasitic on the aquatic genus Tropisternus, with the single exception of C. terrestris, which al-
most certainly should be placed in a genus by itself, its antheridial branchlet (Monograph, Plate XXV,
fig. 23) and its general characters being not closely comparable to those of any described genus. Until
it can be reexamined in a fresh condition, or until other nearly allied forms are discovered, it seems best,
however, to avoid a new generic name by retaining it provisionally in the present connection,

436 THAXTER. —- MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

A second group of forms which, from the fact that they are all parasitic on species of a single aquatic
genus, Berosus, may be appropriately called Autotcomyces, is represented by the six described forms
above enumerated, and a seventh as yet unpublished. The members of this section differ from Cera-
tomyces in having a small and determinate number (seven and eight) of wall-cells in the perithecia.

The third group, of which the form previously described as C. rostratus may be taken as the type, I
have called Rhynchophoromyces from the monstrously developed necks which characterize the perithecia
of the species. The receptacle in this genus is many-celled and indeterminate, the perithecium distin-
guished into neck and venter, and later confluent with the base of the appendage, and at maturity its
axis is coincident with that of the receptacle.

Lastly the two species formerly described as C. rhynchophorus and C. reflexus, together with two or
three others as yet unpublished, appears to differ very widely from all the other types, possessing a straight
erect axis of many superposed cells indeterminate in number, from which the perithecium, the wall-cells
of which are few in number and determinate, arises laterally. This type is further distinguished by the
production of what at least appear to be definitely differentiated antheridial cells, which are produced
much as in Ecteinomyces with which it has been provisionally associated above. ‘To this genus from its
aquatic habit and parasitism on the Hydrophilide I have given the name Hydrophilomyces.

Of these groups Autoicomyces corresponds in all respects to Ceratomyces, except in its determinate
perithecium, and is perhaps too closely allied to this genus. ‘There can hardly be a difference of opinion,
however, as to the desirability of separating the others.

Emended as above indicated, the genus Ceratomyces may be characterized as follows:

Receptacle consisting of three superposed cells above the foot, surmounted by a pair of cells which
form the bases of the perithecium and of the appendage respectively. Cells of the perithecial wall-
rows indeterminate, both in different species and individuals: perithecium usually appendiculate below
the tip. Primary appendage consisting of a variably developed series of superposed cells, the lower
members of which may become longitudinally divided, and some or all of which may bear secondary
branched appendages arising from cells separated from their upper inner angles.

This is a typically American genus, all the species of which, with the exception of the doubtful
C. terrestris found on Lathrobium, occur on species of the single hydrophilid genus Tropisternus and the
allied Plewrohomus in North and South America. ‘The species vary very greatly in the number of mem-
bers which compose the rows of wall-cells in the perithecia, the extremes in this respect being well illus-—
trated by C. procerus, in which there may be over sixty, and C. minisculus in which there are hardly more
than a dozen. This variability is not only striking as between species, but the number in different indi-
viduals of a given species is by no means constant and may be very variable. All the species with the
exception of the anomalous C. terrestris to which reference has been made above, and C. filijormis, are
characterized by the possession of a subterminal perithecial appendage variably developed.

CERATOMYCES FILIFORMIS Thaxter. -

This species which usually occurs among the bristles along the margins of the elytra of its host near
the tip, is also found not infrequently between the terminal claws of the posterior leg. Material has been
examined from Eustis, Florida and specimens have been obtained from Mexican Tropisterni in the Paris
Museum, No. 50; and on Plewrohomus obscurus Sharp from Duefia, Guatemala; Sharp Collection, No.
1185. It issomewhat anomalous and less well marked than any of the other species, seldom shows the
presence of branches on its appendage, produces very few spores and varies greatly in the length of its
perithecium and in the numbers of cells which compose it.

CERATOMYCES PROCERUS Thaxter. Plate XIX, fig. 6.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 48. June, 1901.

Rather pale amber-brown. Perithecium very elongate, of nearly equal diameter throughout, the
wall-cells in each row more than sixty in number; the conformation at the tip similar to that in C. con-

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 43

jusus; the perithecial appendage erect, short and stout, consisting of about ten cells, distally curved out-
ward, tapering from its broad base to the bluntly pointed tip. Appendages (broken) and receptacle, much
as in C. confusus. Perithecium 800-850 X 65 y, its appendage 125 ». ‘Total length to tip of perithecium
more than one millimeter.

On the inferior surface of the abdomen (near the middle) of Tropisternus sp. San Fidelio, Brazil.
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, No. 1338.

This species is remarkable for its great length and large size, the number of cells in each cell-row of
the perithecium being greater than in any other species. In general habit it resembles C. filiformis but
differs in possessing a perithecial appendage.

CERATOMYCES CURVATUS Thaxter. Plate LXIX, fig. 1.
Proc. Am. Acad, Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVII, p. 43. June, 1901.

Amber-brown. Perithecium relatively large, inflated toward the base; the distal half up to the
perithecial appendage of about equal diameter throughout; about forty cells, more or less, in each row of
wall-cells; the configuration at the tip very similar to that in C. confusus, the tip itself more prominent, the
apex more pointed; the perithecial appendage about nine-celled, the distal half pale, curved or recurved,
broader below, shorter and stouter. Receptacle much as in C. confusus, the basal cell black, the further
suffusion somewhat less extensive. Appendage consisting of about six or seven cells, tapering distally,
rather short. Spores about 70 X 4p. Perithecia 500-615 x 75 yu (below) X 60 p (distally), the append-
age 150 w. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 600-700 yp, to tip of antheridial appendage about 250 y.

On Tropisternus Caracinus N. on inferior surface of abdomen near the tip. Caracas? Berlin
Museum, No. 1057.

Although one of the very largest of the genus, this species is not distinguished by any very striking
peculiarities. ‘The perithecial appendage is of an unusual form and the perithecium itself is enormous.
It appears to be allied to C. procerus and C. confusus.

CERATOMYCES CLADOPHORUS Thaxter. Plate LXIX, fig. 2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 444. April, 1900.

Perithecium very large with a slightly sigmoid curvature, the lower half conspicuously inflated above
the rather narrow base, the outer margin of the inflated portion strongly convex, the inner slightly concave;
the distal half or third more nearly isodiametric, bulging subterminally on the inner side, the margin cury-
ing thence abruptly outward to the short broad beak-like tip; the apex sometimes apiculate; about the
fortieth cell of the outer row of wall-cells forming the base of a subterminal appendage which is curved
upward, geniculate at its base, rather long slender and tapering, amber-brown becoming blackish below;
the perithecium at first pale yellowish, the inflated portion becoming rich amber-brown, the distal portion
much paler except in the region of the more deeply suffused subferminal elevation on the inner side.
The narrowed base nearly hyaline, not differentiated from the receptacle. Receptacle consisting of three
superposed cells, short, narrow below, abruptly very broad above; the foot relatively small, the basal cell
small, at first hyaline, later becoming tinged with smoky brown; the two distal cells relatively very small
and broadly blackened except along the nearly hyaline anterior margin, the opaque area extending obliquely
so as to involve the geniculate base of the appendage. Appendage relatively very large and stout, tapering
in very young individuals to a slender apex and consisting of from fifteen to twenty superposed cells,
many of which may be once longitudinally divided, a subtriangular appendiculate cell being separated
from the inner side, or also from the outer distally; the branches numerous, with very long and slender
branchlets which may be several times branched. Spores 95 X 4 w. Perithecia 475-550 < 90-110 (in-
flated portion) < 70 » (distal portion). Receptacle including foot 85 ». Total length to tip of perithe-
cium (longest) 635 «. Appendage 275-475 X 45 y, its longest branches 550 X 3 y.

On Tropisternus nimbatus Say. Eustis, Florida. On the inferior surface of the thorax on the left
side.

438 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

This fine and very distinct species has been seen on two specimens, only, of its host, taken in Lake
Eustis. It is distinguished by the great size of its perithecium, and especially of its primary appendage,
the branches of which are more numerous than those of any other species. It sigmoid curvature and
pale color serve further to distinguish it.

CERATOMYCES BrazILIENSIS Thaxter. Plate LXX, fig. 2.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 44. June, 1901.

Dark amber-brown. Perithecium somewhat inflated just above the constricted base, the upper
two-thirds broad and of about the same diameter throughout; about forty-five wall-cells in each row, the
tip small, short, rather narrow, abruptly hunched externally, the hyaline lips turned abruptly toward
the base of the perithecial appendage, which consists of a basal cell hardly differentiated from the wall-
cell below it, though somewhat longer, the portion above it erect, slender, stiff, slightly curved outward,
tapering but little, the subbasal cell bearing a characteristic basal enlargement which projects toward
the lip-cells and lies just above them. The appendage and receptacle much as in C. mirabilis. Perithe-
cium 650 X 95 y (basal) X 87 p (distal). Appendage 185 4, or more. Total length to tip of perithe-
cium 800 yp.

On inferior thorax of Tropisternus nitens Cast. var. Rio de Janeiro. Sharp Collection, No. 1181.

This is decidedly the largest species of the genus, with the possible exception of C. curvatus, and is
readily distinguished by the conformation of its tip, which resembles that of C. Meaicanus, and by the
blunt projection from the base of the perithecial appendage just opposite the apex of the perithecium.

CERATOMYCES Cauirornicus Thaxter. Plate LXVIII, figs. 6-7.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 448. April, 1900.

Amber-brown. Receptacle relatively slender, consisting of three small superposed cells surmounted
by two similar cells which form the base of the appendage and perithecium; the foot small, normal. Peri-
thecium short and stout, from two to three times as broad distally as at the base; about twenty cells in
each of the inner rows of wall-cells, the inner margin convex, distally abruptly bent inward to the short
beak-like apex, so that the inner margin of the tip is thus horizontal, or even oblique, above the apex;
about the eighteenth cell of one of the outer rows forming the base of the usually straight rather remotely
septate perithecial appendage, which commonly diverges at an angle of forty-five degrees or even at right
angles. Appendage small and slender (the extremities broken in the types) becoming lateral in position.
Perithecia 185-200 X (base) 30-40, (distal portion) 70-85 y. Receptacle 50-70 X 25 pw. Total length
to tip of perithecium 250-300 uw.

On the left anterior inferior angle of the prothorax of Tropisternus dorsalis Brullé, California, and in
the same position on 7. glaber Herbst., from Cape Neddock, Maine (Bullard).

The single specimen of this species found by Mr. Bullard does not differ from the Californian mate-
rial, and the species may prove to be not uncommon in the East, if looked for in the position indicated.
It is closely allied to C. camptosporus, but differs in its considerably smaller size, in the character and
suffusion of its foot and receptacle, in the antheridial appendage which lacks the characteristically enlarged
subbasal cell and also in other minor points.

CERATOMYCES CAMPTOSPORUS Thaxter,

Further material of this rare species has been obtained from various localities in New England, and
also on Tropisternus limbalis Lec., from Washington; T. striolatus Lec. from Texas, and T. lateralis
Fabr. from Eustis, Florida. It is a well marked and constant form, closely allied to C. Calijornicus, but
readily distinguished by its foot and appendage, as well as by its greater size.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 439

Crratomyces Mexicanus Thaxter. Plate LXX, fig. 3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVII, p. 43. June, 1901.

Dark amber-brown. Perithecium with a slight submedian inflation; distally broad, the outer mar-
gin turning abruptly inward distally to the inconspicuous retracted tip, which lies close at the base of the
perithecial appendage, and is externally subtended by irregular inconspicuous papillate protrusions:
the basal cell of the appendage slightly divergent several times as long as broad; the external margin
straight, the inner strongly concave with a median blackish suffusion; the rest of the appendage slightly
curved, about eight or nine-celled, tapering slightly and diverging strongly above the basal cell. The
antheridial appendage and the receptacle much as in C. mirabilis. Spores 85 X 5 py. Perithecia 400-
475 X 110-125 yp, the appendage about 290 y, its basal cell 70 X 26 and 36 w. Total length to tip of
perithecium 550-640 yu.

On the left inferior margin of the abdomen of Tropisternus nitidus Sharp, Sharp Collection, No.
1177, and of T. chalybeus Cast., British Museum, No. 772, Oaxaca, Mexico.

The conformation of the tip of the perithecium in this species is not unlike that of C. Californicus and
C. Braziliensis, but it is readily distinguished by its long geniculate appendage, large size and dark color.
It is most nearly related to C. Braziliensis and to C. mirabilis.

CERATOMYCES MIRABILIS Thaxter.

Additional material of this common and widely distributed species has been examined from the
following sources. Paris Museum on T'ropisternus sp., South America, Nos. 4a and 48; No. 50 from
Mexico. Berlin Museum No. 1056 on T. “umbrinus”, Para. Dr. Sharp’s Collection No. 1180 on T.
nitens Cost., Cayenne; No. 1182 on T. ebenus, Rio de Janeiro; No. 1183 on T. nigrinus Sharp, Brazil;
No. 1184 on T. lateralis Fabr., Brazil; No. 1186 on T. xanthopus Sharp, Mexico; No. 1185 on Plewro-
homus obscurus Sharp, Duefias, Guatemala. On Tropisternus sp. San Fidelio, Brazil and Eustis, Florida.
The characters of the species appear to be decidedly constant and it is most readily distinguished by the
external hunch which subtends the tip of the perithecium, and is usually bent in against the base of the
appendage.

CERATOMYCES CoNFUsUS Thaxter.

This species which is closely allied to C. mzrabilis, although much rarer, seems to be quite constant
in its characters. It usually occurs near the tip of the abdomen on its right inferior margin. It has
been found again on several Tropisterni in Lake Eustis, Florida.

Ceratomyces ansatus nov. sp. Plate LXIX, figs. 4-5.

Perithecium in general resembling that of C. confusus, larger, the anterior and posterior rows of
wall-cells consisting of about thirty-five cells, the anterior forming a slight ridge below the tip on the left
side; the free tip shorter more broadly papillate, the perithecial appendage stouter, conspicuously inflated
above its base, erect; the distal portion more or less strongly curved outward and sometimes ending in a
few fine hyaline branches; the whole often sickle-shaped, its basal cell more or less opaque strongly con-
cave on its inner side. Receptacle as in C. confusus, but the blackened portion extending up beyond the
base of the appendage and forming a free finger-like distally rounded projection, the appendage set be-
tween this and the base of the perithecium as in a socket. Appendage relatively small and narrow, usu-
ally short and terminated by a tuft of slender hyaline branchlets. ‘Total length to tip of perithecium 425-
475 p. Perithecium to tip 325-350 X 75-80 p, its appendage 220 X 36 y. Receptacle to tip of its projec-
tion and including foot 175-200 yp.

On Tropisternus sp., Museum of Comp. Zool., No. 1336 (Type) San Fidelio, Brazil. On T. strio-
latus Lec., Eustis, Florida.

This species which is closely allied to C. confusus and C. Floridanus, appears to be characteristic of
the striped T'ropisterni, and is found on the inferior surface of the abdomen on the left side. It seems

440 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

to differ from its nearest ally, C. confusus, in the different conformation of the papillate apex of its peri-
thecium, the tip of which is smaller and less prominent, in the even inflation and dark basal suffusion of
the perithecial appendage and in the character of its antheridial appendage; but especially in the finger-
like protrusion of its receptacle which, although it varies somewhat in length in different individuals, is
very characteristic. ‘The species appears to be rather rare, only a very small number of the very numer-
ous hosts examined from Eustis being parasitized. Fig. 4 represents the Type from Brazil and fig. 5

a specimen from Eustis.

CERATOMYCES FLortDANUS Thaxter. Plate LXX, fig. 4.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 444. April, 1900.

Purplish brown. Perithecium much as in C. conjusus, the outer margin nearly straight, the inner
somewhat convex, the lateral and posterior rows of wall-cells, about twenty-four in number, rich red-brown
with a blackish tinge distally; the anterior wall-cells, about nineteen in number below the perithecial
appendage abruptly and evenly paler, yellowish straw-color or faintly brownish; the twentieth cell (about)
forming the base of the perithecial appendage which is black, quite opaque, curved outward and upward
and geniculate near its base, the inner margin of which is abruptly distinguished (not continuous with
the adjacent margin of the tip as in C. confusus); the tip distally hyaline, the apex forming a prominent
symmetrical well defined rounded hyaline papilla. Receptacle marked by fine longitudinal striations
consisting of three superposed cells almost wholly black and opaque except along their anterior margins
and the distal margin of the upper cell, which are pale straw-yellow or amber-colored, the series sur-
mounted by two small flattened cells from which arise the perithecium and appendage respectively. Ap-
pendage long tapering, consisting of seven or eight superposed cells, clear reddish brown with a blackish
tinge, the inner margin as well as the distal portion yellowish or amber-colored. Perithecia 800-325 X
60 y, the appendage 150 p. Receptacle 150-160 X 75 4. Appendage about 175-200 yu.

On the margin of left elytron of Tropisternus glaber Hb. (?), Eustis, Florida, October.

Although this species is closely allied to C. conjusus it may be readily distinguished by its perithecial
and antheridial appendages, the latter characteristic in appearance, abruptly distinguished and contrasting-
black, the former straight stout, rigid, with much larger basal cells, and deep external suffusions. There
is moreover a peculiar semi-olive caste to the deeper suffusions, which is not present in other species.
The receptacle, like that of C. spinigerus, is marked by fine longitudinal striations, which are only visible
in the translucent portion. There may perhaps be some doubt as to the determination of the host which
is not certainly 7’. glaber, though very similar to that species.

CERATOMYCES SPINIGERUS Thaxter. Plate LXX, figs. 5-6.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVII, p. 42. June, 1901.

Bright amber-brown. Perithecium paler anteriorly, about twenty-eight wall-cells in each row;
narrower at the base, the lower half bulging anteriorly, tapering distally where it is rather strongly curved
away from the antheridial appendage: the tip hyaline, prominent, obtuse, about half as long as the curved
tooth- or spine-like one-celled deep amber-brown appendage, which arises below and beside it. Basal cell
of the receptacle large, long, mostly curved, broader distally, opaque; the portion above it relatively small
and narrow, concolorous with the perithecium the upper cells marked by fine parallel longitudinal stria-
tions. The appendage erect, slightly divergent, stiff, long, slender, rather remotely septate, but the basal
cell often broader than long, about seven-celled, tapering distaily. Spores 90 < 4 y, in one small speci-
men 165 X 4.5 p. Perithecia 425-500 x 70-95 p, the appendage 45-50 . Receptacle 175-220 yp, the
basal cell 150-170 p. Antheridial appendage 200-825 yp.

On the inferior anterior margin of the thorax near the base of the right elytron of Tropisternus apict-
palpis Cast., Jalapa, Mexico. Sharp Collection, No. 1178.

A very beautiful species abundantly distinguished by reason of its many peculiarities from all others.
It is perhaps more nearly allied to C. Floridanus than to any other and has the same peculiar longitudinal

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA. 44]

striations on the cells of its receptacle. Its clear amber-color is also peculiar. The occurrence of mon-
strous spores in one smaller specimen is noted above, and illustrates the danger of ascribing too much
importance even to considerable variations in spore measurements.

CERATOMYCES MINISCULUS Thaxter.

This species which always grows on the pale lower margin of the right elytron, has been found on
Tropisternus striolatus Lee. and T. lateralis Fabr., at Eustis, Florida; on 7’. limbalis Lec. from Washing-
ton; on 7’. dorsalis Brullé from California. In the Sharp Collection from Brazil on 7. lateralis, No. 1184;
and in the Museum of Comp. Zool., No. 1337, on an undetermined Tropisternus from Brazil. It is al-
ways readily distinguished by its small size, and almost wholly opaque receptacle.

COREOMYCES Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 56. June, 1902.

Mature individual consisting of a single series of superposed cells terminated by a single perithecium.
Receptacle attached by a more or less rhizoid-like foot and consisting of three superposed cells, the upper
of which becomes divided distally by successive transverse septa; these divisions resulting in a series of
superposed cells, from each of which arises, on one side, a single, rarely two, branched antheridial, append-
ages; the members of the series thus resulting being superposed in a single vertical row. Perithecium
consisting of an undifferentiated stalk-cell immediately above the appendiculate cells, which is followed
directly by the ascigerous cavity, the basal and wall-cells being wholly obliterated in mature individuals,
except at the tip.

The development of the individuals in this type is unlike that found elsewhere in the Laboulbeni-
ales. ‘The young individual, Plate LXXI, figs. 8 and 17, consists of a series of superposed cells, three in
number, from the uppermost of which appendiculate cells are separated distally. The distal portion
of the individual above these appendiculate cells, of which there may be one to several, consists of a
simple series of from four to six superposed cells, terminated by a simple or branched erect appendage
which might be taken for a trichogyne, but is merely a sterile termination. There are thus three regions,
a basal, a distal and a middle region, of which the first forms the receptacle proper, the second produces
the perithecium, and the middle gives rise to the antheridial appendages; an arrangement quite unlike
that seen in any other instance. As the individual continues to develop, the subbasal cell of the distal series,
which is finally quite obliterated, becomes proliferous distally, sending branches into the cavity of the cell
immediately above it (fig. 9). At about this time the sterile terminal appendage already referred to, is
broken or sloughed off. ‘The penetrating branches are apparently primarily two in number, their bases,
it would appear, corresponding to the “posterior basal cell” and the “secondary stalk-cell” of the peri-
thecia of Laboulbenia and other genera, as described in my Monograph, pp. 219 and 232, Plate I, figs.
16-18, cells (0) and (h), which in these cases arise as branches from the stalk-cell (p). The further devel-
opment appears also to correspond with that of the ordinary type of perthecium, in that these two cells
give rise to a series of branches from which wall-cells, parietal cells, and procarp cells are formed.

Of the two original cells one, Fig. 12, (0), as in other cases, appears to form only one series of wall-
cells and one of parietal cells; in other words it appears to branch only once, while all the rest of the
essential cells of the perithecium and procarp are derived from three branches which arise from the second
cell (h). As these branches develop, they penetrate and destroy the successive septa which separate
the cells above, of which there may be from two to four; and finally the procarpic branch, reaching the
tip of the terminal cell before the others, perforates it at a point corresponding to the base of the terminal
sterile appendage above mentioned, and emerging forms the short irregularly branched trichogyne shown
in figs. 11-12. I have found it impracticable to draw the exact conditions seen by focussing upon this
plexus of penetrating branches and the figures given (figs. 11-12) represent only the structures seen in
a single plane. In fig. 12 for example the branches are represented in a position a little below the median

449 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACES.

plane, and other branches coming from cell (h) both above and below, are not shown. The parietal
branches appear to be developed near the bases of the wall-cell branches, but are small and hardly dis-
tinguishable, their functions being usurped as will appear later, by the wall-cells themselves.

Even while this development of branches is taking place the two basal cells (0) and (h) begin to be
pressed down by the structures to which they have given origin above, into the cell below from which
they originated, and as the development of the ascogonium proceeds this cell, like the cells above it, loses
its identity as a cell; the whole series being transformed to a continuous cavity within which the whole
ascogenic apparatus eventually lies quite free. The procarp resembles other procarps of this group,
consisting of an ascogonium, an inferior and a superior supporting cell, followed by a trichophoric cell;
above which the unicellular, sparingly branched or lobulated trichogyne emerges, as has been already
described (figs. 11-12). As the perithecium matures and the ascogenic cells become active, only two or
three wall-cells which have become indurated and cohere closely to the inner surfaces of the cells within
which they were formed, persist, as shown in the bent termination of fig. 7, to form the tip of the functional
perithecium. The cavity of the perithecium is thus the cavity of the cell from which the perithecial branch
system originated combined with the cavities of the cells through which these branches penetrated; and
its walls, except at the tip, as above mentioned, are the walls of these cells. The structure may thus be
termed a pseudoperithecium.

If then one examines the conditions found when the plant is fully mature it will be seen to consist
of the same three regions distinguished in the young condition. ‘The terminal region, however, above
the appendiculate cells, excepting only its basal cell which acts as a false stalk-cell to the pseudoperithe-
cium, has become transformed into a single chamber, the wall of which corresponds to the combined
walls of the four or more cells which were superposed above the basal cell of the series comprising
this distal region. Within this chamber have developed from the subbasal cell of the series, structures
which correspond to all those found in the normal perithecitum of the Laboulbeniales. Of these struc-
tures, however, all are eventually disorganized with the exception of a few small wall-cells, which persist
distally and are functional in regulating the spore-discharge, and the ascogenic cells, of which there appear
to be four. These ascogenic cells, then, together with the usual mass of asci and spores, float free within
a structure resembling a perithecium and performing the same function, but which when viewed super-
ficially has absolutely nothing in common with any of the structures seen in perithecia of the normal type.

Such an endogenous origin of the perithecium has no parallel in the other genera, unless it be in
Zodiomyces and perhaps also in Euzodiomyces. In the former the perithecigerous area arises endoge-
nously in a somewhat similar fashion, and if in the present instance the perithecial structures persisted,
and the walls of the cells into which they penetrate were eventually destroyed, the conditions would be
closely comparable: the differences depending merely on the differences in the general cell structure of
the body of the plant in either case; the complicated multicellular body of Zodiomyces producing many
perithecia where the present simple type gives rise to but one. The character and origin of the antheridial
branches in the two cases are however totally different.

The antheridial appendages in the present genus are peculiar, from their position on the primary axis
below the perithecium, a condition seen nowhere else unless possibly in Chetomyces; although such an
arrangement, as in Clematomyces, is often seen in branches from this axis. The antheridial cells them-
selves are merely the lower cells of the appendage or its branches (fig. 13), from which short outgrowths
arise that are converted into discharge-tubes through which the sperm-cells make their exit as in simple
antheridia of the ordinary type. The conditions present in the antheridial appendages in this instance do
not therefore appear to differ essentially from those seen, for example, in Rhadinomyces; except that the
series of antheridial cells is not definitely differentiated. At the same time the conditions described are
very similar to those in Rhynchophoromyces and illustrated in my Monograph, Plate XXIV, fig. 24: but
whether the sperm-cells in the present instance possess a wall, as in Rhynchophoromyces, 1 am not able to
say. ‘The antheridial characters of Coreomyces thus tend to break down the distinction formerly assumed

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 443

to exist between the Exogena and the Endogene, from the fact that a discharge tube is developed and
that the sperm cells appear to be quite free at the moment of exit, not remaining attached or cohering
as they occasionally do in Rhynchophoromyces. Although in Ceratomyces and Autoicomyces the sperm
cells appear to be segments of actual branchlets, and in Zodiomyces they arise, if my former observa-
tions are correct, by exogenous budding as in the spermatia of many lichens, it is evident from these
intermediate conditions, that no hard and fast line can be drawn between the two types of origin.

The species occur on water bugs, Corisidee, (often written Corixidae), and are the only forms known
to be parasitic on hemipterous insects. ‘The discovery of this very interesting genus is due to Mr.
Charles Bullard who first observed it on Corise from the Cambridge region.

Corromyces Corts Thaxter. Plate LXXI, figs. 16-18.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XVIII, p. 56. June, 1902.

Curved or straight, pale dull brownish, nearly transparent. Cells of the receptacle distinguished
by more or less distinct constrictions, the three lower somewhat variable in length, the basal smaller,
usually tapering somewhat to the foot; the subbasal larger than either of the others, more or less inflated,
often as broad as the perithecium; the upper cell somewhat narrower, followed by the two to four, usually
flattened, appendiculate cells, which are successively longer, though usually slightly narrow from below
upward, the uppermost becoming about half as long as broad. ‘The appendages long slender hyaline,
sparingly branched, slightly divergent; usually extending upward to, or considerably beyond, the tip of
the perithecium. Stalk-cell of the perithecium not differentiated from the cells below it, large, as broad
as the body of the perithecium above it, cylindrical or slightly inflated, about as long as broad or slightly
longer: body of the perithecium usually straight, somewhat darker dull brown, especially where it tapers
rather gradually to the small tip which becomes distinctly symmetrically four-papillate, and is usually
slightly bent to one side. Spores 85 X 6 yw. Perithecia 100-110 X 25-35 y, the stalk-cell 30-33 x
32-35 p. Receptacle, exclusive of the appendiculate cells, 75-100 ». Appendages 200-250 ». Total
length to tip of perithecium 275-290 p.

On inferior surface of abdomen of Corisa Kennicottii Uhler, Arlington (Bullard), on Corisa sp., lowa,
and on two species of the same genus collected near Fresh Pond, Cambridge.

This species, which sometimes occurs in company with C. cwrvatus on the same individual, is always
found on the abdomen, usually near its extremity, on the under side. In a single instance a group of
individuals was found on the upper margin of one of the anal plates which differ in several respects from
the type form, having as many as seven appendiculate cells, a more elongate form and other slight differ-
ences which may prove of specific value. The material from Iowa corresponds in all respects with the
ordinary type found about Cambridge. The name of the host-genus is sometimes written Coriza.

CorEoMycEs curvATuUS Thaxter. Plate LXXI, figs. 7-15.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XLI, p. 318. July, 1905.

Nearly hyaline, or but faintly tinged with brownish. Receptacle becoming narrow toward the small
basal cell, the two cells above the latter subequal in length, the appendiculate cells usually four, broader
than long, subequal or the lower shorter. Stalk-cell of the perithecium relatively long, slightly or not at
all inflated; the base of the perithecium often slightly inflated, the upper third or more bent abruptly
outward, tapering to the blunt curved apex, the concave side of which is edged with amber-brown, the
conyex marked by slight indentations due to the prominence of the persistent wall-cells in this region.
Appendages as in L. Corise, usually distinctly shorter. Spores55 X 4 4. Perithecium 130-140 X 36 y,
its stalk-cell 70 X 25». Total length, average, about 350-360 yw. Appendages about 125 yw.

On under side of margin of left elytron of two species of Corzsa. Near Fresh Pond, Cambridge.

Sufficient material of this form has been obtained on Corise from an old clay pit near Fresh Pond,
to determine the constancy of its characters. Its occurrence on the left elytron appears to be invariable.

444 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

ZODIOMYCES VORTICELLARIUS Thaxter.

This species has been again found on Hydrophilide from Lake Eustis and Cocoanut Grove, Florida,
and enormous individuals, some of them three millimeters in length, were obtained in the Paris Museum,
No. 121, on a large species of Hydrophilus from Rosario, Argentina. Despite the size of the receptacles
in these individuals, the perithecia and other structures seem identical with the smaller forms, and certainly
cannot be separated specifically.

EUZODIOMYCES Thaxter.
Proce. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XX XV, p. 449. April, 1900.

Receptacle elongate, multicellular, terminated by a primary branched appendage, and consisting
of a Jarge and indefinite number of superposed cells which distally become divided longitudinally to form
successive tiers of cells which become proliferous on one side and give rise to a unilateral series of perithecia
and sterile (and antheridial ?) appendages. Perithecia having nine or ten wall-cells in each row and borne
on two superposed cells which form a stalk.

The material illustrating this very peculiar genus is for the most part in very poor condition, and
includes but one mature individual. The appendages and young perithecia are so matted together that
I have found it impossible to determine accurately the character of the antheridial branchlets. In a
few cases flask-shaped cells have been observed which are borne one to three together on short branches.
Whether these are really antheridia, however, can only be determined by the examination of fresh material.

The genus is most nearly allied to Zodiomyces and to Kainomyces, the short stout blunt and very
peculiar perithecium suggesting that of Kainomyces, while its two-celled stalk is similar to-that of Zodt-
omyces. ‘The receptacle ends in a primary appendage which bears a number of filamentous branches,
and below its base the perithecigerous area extends downward on one side for a variable distance. Whether
this perithecigerous region originates endogenously, as in Zodiomyces, 1 have been unable to determine
from the material available; but such does not appear to be the case. ‘The elements arising from this
region, however, consist of sterile rarely branched filamentous appendages which form a double row en-
closing the other structures within, somewhat in the same manner that the circular series in Zodvomyces
encloses the region from which the perithecia and antheridial appendages arise. ‘The strobil-like perithe-
cium is quite unique and no lip-cells appear to be differentiated. In some specimens the receptacle is
very slender while in others it may be stout and densely cellular.

The species does not appear to occur in America, but seems to be not uncommon in England where
it is to be hoped that fresh material may be obtained, and more thoroughly investigated.

Evuzopiomyces Larurosit Thaxter. Plate LXXI, fig. 23.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXV, p. 449. April, 1900.

Hyaline or faintly yellowish. Receptacle long and slender, or shorter and stouter, according as the
longitudinal septa are few or abundant; the superposed cells and those composing the tiers sometimes
nearly a hundred in number, the upper half or more producing a unilateral series of perithecia and append-
ages. Perithecia distinctly broader distally, the fourth or the fifth to the seventh wall-cells inclusive, of
each row, growing upward and outward to form well developed prominences, giving the margin on either
side in this region a bluntly serrate appearance; the lip-cells arched, forming a characteristic broad dome-
like apex; the lower stalk-cell small, the upper much larger, stout somewhat inflated and nearly as broad
as the base of the perithecium. Appendages long slender cylindrical, simple or sparingly branched, flexu-
ous. Perithecia 75 X 28-30 yu (including projections), stalk about 40 y, the upper cell about 22 X 14 p.
Total length of receptacle 200-475 X 25-70 p. Appendages 125-230 X 4 p.

On Lathrobium punctatum Zett., British Museum No. 442, Notting Hill, England; on L. muiti-
punctatum Grev., British Museum No. 429, Europe; on L. filijorme Grav. British Museum No. 4438,
Notting Hill, England; on L. brunneipes Fab., Thornhill, England. Sharp Collection, No. 1144.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 445

KAINOMYCES 'Thaxter.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVII, p. 44. June, 1901.

Receptacle broad and flattened; consisting of a single basal cell and typical foot, above which the
successive cells become variably divided by longitudinal septa into transverse cell-rows or tiers: a distal
appendiculate portion more or less definitely distinguished and consisting of superposed cells, the lowest
of which alone become longitudinally divided, all producing laterally antheridial (?) branches: several
of the tiers below this appendiculate portion growing out laterally at right angles to the main axis of the
receptacle, on one or both sides, to form indeterminate perithecial branches consisting of superposed cells
and terminated by solitary perithecia. The perithecium of peculiar form, with six wall-cells in each row
in addition to the lip-cells; the base of the trichogyne persistent in the form of a conical projection, asso-
ciated in the type with a peculiar appendage inserted close beside it and shaped like a duck’s bill.

It has proved impossible from an examination of the material available of this extraordinary form,
to determine the character of the antheridia; and it is therefore placed provisionally near Zodiomyces
and Huzodiomyces, although the resemblance which the single species bears to these genera may prove
a superficial one. ‘The distal appendiculate portion of the receptacle resembles the corresponding struc-
ture in the species of the two last mentioned genera as well as the so-called main appendage of Ceratomyces
and its nearest allies. A similar comparison might also be made with the appendage of Sphaleromyces
and its allies which, however, differ in possessing a few-celled receptacle.

The perithecia in the Type are extremely peculiar, both from their form and their two curious ap-
pendages, the smaller of which is evidently the indurated base of the trichogyne, and on account of their
short stout form and the numerous members which compose the rows of wall-cells. The indeterminate
cellular stalks of the perithecia have no parallel in any other genus, and although they may be called fertile
branches, appear to represent stalk-cells which are distally subject to active intercalary division. How
such a modification should be of advantage, it is difficult to see, since the growth of this branch carries
the trichogyne far away from the assumed region of sperm-cell formation. The fact that the perithecia
appear frequently to abort owing to lack of fertilization, would indicate that this relation is on the con-
trary a disadvantage as compared with the conditions usually observed, in which the trichogyne is closely
associated with the sperm-cell producing structures.

Katnomyces Isomatit Thaxter. Plate LXXI,*figs. 20-22.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XXXVII, p. 45. June, 1901.

Receptacle variably developed below the distal appendiculate portion, sometimes very broad, often
much narrower: the cells above the basal cell becoming broader and flattened, and soon divided Jongi-
tudinally by one or more septa, nearly hyaline and broadly edged wholly or in part below, especially on
the posterior side, with contrasting brownish black, which may involve the whole of the cell, except the
transverse septa; the blackened area usually characteristically indented above, and sometimes involving
all but the uppermost tiers. Perithecial branches variably developed, the free portion curving upward,
and consisting of from about twelve to thirty-five superposed hyaline cells, which are more or less flattened,
usually separated by slight constrictions, the distal one similar to the others and followed directly by the
basal cells of the perithecium. Perithecium becoming tinged with pale amber-brown, usually short,
stout and broadly elliptical, often not distinguished from its basal cells; the distal end abruptly rounded,
the pore subtended by a tooth-like outgrowth, the persistent base of the trichogyne, half as long as and
paler than an appendage beside it, which bears a slight resemblance to a duck’s bill, is dark clear brown,
somewhat narrower distally and pale tipped, broader toward the base, where it is abruptly constricted
and hyaline. Spores about 30 X 3.5 yw. Perithecia 72-80 X 40-50 yp exclusive of trichogynic append-
age, which measures 28-32 X 11 yw. Perithecial branch 100-253 yp. Receptacle 150-220 40-60 p.
Antheridial branches about 50 v. Total length to tip of perithecium 250-460 yu.

On Isomalus Conradti Fauvel. Derema, Usambara, East Africa. Berlin Museum, Nos. 847-848.

446 THAXTER.— MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

The appendages of this remarkable form are more or less matted and broken in the types which
were obtained from pinned hosts that had apparently been in alcohol. The receptacle is very similar to
that of Zodiomyces, and varies considerably both in the number of tiers, and in the number of cells in each
tier, especially in the upper ones. The number of perithecia produced is also very variable, and in a few
specimens these are formed on both sides, projecting in opposite directions. The transverse blackened
areas, usually conspicuous and contrasting across the lower tiers which they may even involve completely,
‘and which are peculiar for the indentations of their upper margins (fig. 20), also vary considerably, as is
indicated in the accompanying figures. ‘The host is a very insignificant staphylinid, which apparently
lives under bark and would hardly have been suspected of harboring so large and peculiar a form.

ERRATA.

p. 269, line 5, for H. read M.

p- 276, line 6, for Catoscopi read Catascopi.

p. 314, line 12, for 13 read 14.

p- 332, line 35, for Dohrini read Dohrni.

p. 334, line 6 from bottom, for Microxys read Micrixys.

p. 342, line 24, for Calarhoides read calathoides, line 17, for Nitobia read Notiobia.

p. 345, line 44, for Fairmaeri read Fairmairei; line 36, for Eberi read Erberi; last line, for punica-
tus read pumicatus.

p. 354, line 6 from bottom, for furcipes read fuscipes.

The following Errata in Part I of this Monograph (Memoirs, Vol. XII, No. 3), have been brought
to my attention:

p. 267, line 26, for 17 read 18.

p- 269, line 7, from bottom; p. 270, lines 11 and 31; p. 271, line 11; p. 273, line 25; p. 274, line
5,—for Plate V, read Plate VII.

p- 279, line 19, for IV and 11 read VI and 9.

p- 280, line 1, for 8: read VI.

p- 289, line 10 from bottom, for VII and 27 read VIII and 28.

p. 303, line 4 from bottom, for VII read IX.

p- 314, line 10, for I read II.

p- 322, line 19, for Catoscopi read Catascopi.

p- 329, line 1, for XIV read XVI.

p. 339, line 4 from bottom, for McLean read McLeary.

p- 351, line 1, after 4 insert ‘‘and 12.”

p- 363, line 20, for 15 read 16.

p. 369, line 1, for 19 read 18 and 26.

p. 371, line 27, for 24 read 25.

p. 392, for Catoscopus read Catascopus.

p. 394, line 27, for Catoscopus read Catascopus.

p. 403, after Fig. 17 add Fig. 18, Spore.

p. 408, line 9, for 2a read 6a.

p. 203, line 5, for XXIV read XXIII, and line 10, for 13 read 1.

INDEX.

Since it has been necessary to omit a Host-Index, it has seemed desirable to separate the following Index of
Host-Names from the Index of Plant-Names. It should be remarked in this connection that the host-names are
those which were found on the labels of the specimens examined and in some cases were evidently unreliable. No
attempt has been made to set right the synonymy of the insect-hosts, and the same form will thus be found in certain
cases under two generic names. A complete Host-Index, with indications as to the synonymy, will be published at

some later date.

Abacetus, 348.

costatus, 348.

quadraticollis, 342.

rubripes, 348.
Acanthogenius asteriscus, 345.
Acrogenys hirsuta, 362, 371.
Acrognathus mandibularis, 260.
Actobius cinerascens, 316.
Acylophorus, 315, 316.

aureus, 281.

/Erogenidion Bedeli, 340, 341, 342.

Agonoderus pallipes, 348.
Agra, 363.
Aleochara repetita, 281.
rufipes, 271.
Amichrotus, 425.
apicipennis, 425.
Anaplecta, 290.
Dohrinana, 290.
Anaplogenius, 348.
cireumcinctus, 348.
Anchomenus, 345.
debilis, 345.
deplanatus, 345.
Faradayi, 345.
Helusi, 345.
latipennis, 345.
montivagus, 345.
Nicholsi, 345.
oblongus, 345.
Otagoensis, 345.
validus, 345.
Anchonoderus binotatus, 347.
concinnus 358, 361.
pallipes, 347.
rugosus, 347.
subzeneus, 347.

HOST-NAMES.

Anisodactylus, 347.
militaris, 338.
tricuspidatus, 341.

Anophthalmus, 336, 422.
Bilimeki, 422.
Carantii, 336.
Dalmatinus, 336.
Dorie, 336.
hirtus, 422.

Lespezi, 423.
Motschulskyi, 336.
oblongus, 422.
Rhadamanthus, 423.
Schaumi, 336.
Schmidti, 336.

Antarctia concinna, 342.

Anthicus, 294.
Californicus, 294.
floralis, 294, 295.

Antisphodrus Aacus, 345,
cavicolus, 345.
Erberi, 345.
Fairmairei, 345.
longicollis, 345.

Apenes, 383.
pallidipes, 383.

Apheenops cerberus, 422.

Apotomus rufus, 320.
xanthotelus, 320.

Aptinus, 351.

Boeticus, 352.
displosor, 352.
Italicus, 352.

Ardistomis, 246.
viridis, 246.

Argutor angularis, 345.
aquilus, 338.

447

Argutor elongatus, 342.
interstinctus, 345.
vernalis, 342.

Aspidoglossa, 411.

Atelothrus constrictus, 385.
depressus, 385.
erro, 383.
gracilis, 383.

Atomaria, 299.
ephippiata, 299.

Atranus pubescens, 277.

Belonuchus formosus, 259.
fuscipes, 251.

Bembidium, 345, 384.
Atlanticum, 335.
Grayanum, 335.
nigrum, 344.
sublimatum, 335.

Bembus gigas, 333.

Berosus, 434, 435, 436.
striatus, 434, 435.

Blabera, 291, 293.

Blattide, 241, 287, 290.

Bledius, 227, 275, 295.
annularis, 282.
basalis, 295, 359.
bicornis, 260, 275.
jacobinus, 359.
juvencus, 275.
nitidicollis, 282.
obtusus, 275.
opacus, 275.
subterraneus, 275.

Brachinus, 221, 330, 351, 352, 363,

364, 365, 366, 397, 401, 404,
406.
angustatus, 352.

448 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

Brachinus Armiger, 353.
Bayardi, 352.
bipustulatus, 352.
Chinensis, 352, 364.
crepitans, 352.
eyanipennis, 352.
elongatus, 363.
exhalans, 352.
explodens, 364, 365.
fumans, 363.
fusicornis, 363.
genicularis, 363.
geniculatus, 363, 404, 405.
gentilis, 352.
humeralis, 352.
lateralis, 404, 405.
Mexicanus, 363.
nigrescens, 363.
nigricornis, 352.
oblongus, 363.
rhytiderus, 363.
ruficeps, 352.
scotomedes, 364, 365.

Brachionychus, 334.
sublevis, 331.

Brachyderus antennatus, 325.
simplex, 257.

Brachygnathus fulgidipennis, 411.

Bradycellus circumdatus, 342.
Lusitanicus, 342.
puncticollis, 342.

Brosconegneus optatus, 384.

Cafius, 407.
bisuleatus, 407.
canescens, 407.
catenatus, 407.
puncticeps, 258.
seminitens, 407.
sericeus, 407.

Calathus carinatus, 345.
complanatus, 337.

Callida, 277, 278, 363, 383.
cancellata, 383.
Natalensis, 278.
onypterigioides, 363.
pulchripennis, 363.
quadrispora, 383.
scintillans, 356.
tristis, 277.

Calodera, 270.

Calophena, 392.
bicincta, 392.
bifasciata, 392.
maculata, 363.

Carabide indet, 342, 384, 385, 412,

426.
Carterus fulvipes, 339.
Casnonia, 355, 356, 362, 366.

Casnonia Pennsylvanica, 341.

subdistincta, 279, 350.

Catascopus, 279, 373, 375,

380, 383.
amomus, 383.
cupripennis, 374, 383.
elegans, 383.
fascialis, 383.

Chilocorus, 302.

Chleniomus gracilicollis, 331.

Chlenius, 331, 333, 351.
eeneipennis, 331.
seneocephalus, 352.
biguttatus, 331, 334.
bimaculatus, 331.
chlorochrous, 411.
cyaniceps, 334.
Dohrni, 332.
gracilicollis, 352.
Gundlachi, 411.
Javanus, 331.
marginatus, 331.
marginellus, 331.
Mediterraneus, 352.
monogrammus, 334.
pallipes, 331.
Schaumii, 331.
spoliatus, 331.
velutinus, 331.
venator, 333.
vestitus, 330.
xanthacrus, 331.
xanthocerus, 331.

Cicindelide, 411.

Clivina, 329, 430.
Australasiz, 408.
collaris, 408.
dilutipennis, 407.
fasciata, 407.
fossor, 408.

Cnemidotus, 264, 265, 267.
12-punctatus, 264, 265.

Colpocaccus Hawaiiensis, 383.

Lanaiiensis, 383, 385, 386.

marginatus, 385.
posticatus, 383.
tantalus, 383.
Colpodes agilis, 337, 427.
atratus, 345, 383, 427.
auratus, 383.
Chiriquinus, 399.
evanescens, 337, 426.
melanocnemis, 345.
proteinus, 426.
reflexus, 345, 426.
ruficeps, 345.
suleatus, 345.

Colpodiscus lucipetens, 383,

Colpodiscus tantalus, 384.
Conosoma pubescens, 297, 321.
Coptea armata, 344.
Coptodera arcuata, 383.
Championi, 345.
gagatina, 375.
Cordistes (Calophzena) 392.
Corisa, 443.
Kennicotti, 443.
Coriside, 443.
Corixa, 443.
Corixide, 443.
Corticaria, 298.
Craspedophorus, 331, 333.
adzequatus, 332.
Congoanus, 332.
nucatus, 332.
Preusii, 332.
Strachani, 332.
tenuipunctatus, 333.
venator, 333.
Westermanni, 332.
Cryptobium, 318, 319, 423.
Brazilianum, 318.
capitatum, 319, 424.
fasciatum, 318.
Flohri, 318.
similipenne, 318.
venustum, 318.
Cyclopodia macrura, 312, 313.
Cyclothorax insularis, 343.
Cymindis sp., 383.
pallipes, 383.
Deleaster adustus, 314.
dichrous, 314.
Demetrias atricapillus, 341.
imperialis, 341.
Dercylus ater, 410.
tenebriosus, 410, 411.
Diachromus germanus, 338.
Diaphorus tenuicornis, 280.
Dichirotrichus levistriatus, 345.
Dichranonchus celestinus, 361.
Dichrochile subopaca, 345.
Dineutes, 413, 417, 418.
eereus, 413.
Indicus, 417.
longimanus, 414.
solitarius, 413.
spinosus, 419.
subspinosus, 417.
Diopsis, 305, 322, 323, 354, 355.
tenuipes, 354, 355.
Diploptera dityscoides, 288.
Diptera indet, 243, 244, 245, 305,
306, 307, 308, 310, 312, 327.
Disenochus agonoides, 384.
aterrimus, 384,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Disenochus fractus, 384.
sulcipennis, 384,
Dolicaon Lathrobioides, 425.
Dolichos flaviventris, 339.
Dromius longipes, 341.
Drypta, 276.
lineola, 276, 361.
ruficollis, 338, 361.
Dyschirius, 430.
digitatus, 430.
externus, 430.
globosus, 344, 430.
leeviusculus, 430.
nigricollis, 430.
politus, 430.
salinus, 430.
thoracicus, 344.
Echidnoglossa Americana, 269.
Ectobia, 283, 289.
germanica, 289.
Ega, 328, 358.
Sallei, 358.
Elachiptera longula, 308.
Epilampra, 291.
Episcosomus, 334.
grossus, 332.
laticollis, 334.
Eucampsipoda Hyrtli, 313, 314.
Euchila flavilabris, 376.
Euchlenius trochantericus, 332.
Eudalia latipennis, 357.
Eudema, 331, 332.
arcuatocolle, 332.
conicum, 331.
Erichsonii, 331.
grossum, 332.
microcephalum, 331.
sinuaticolle, 332.
Symei, 333.
vicinum, 333.
Euproctus, 383.
quadrinus, 277.
Eurysoma tenebrioides, 410, 411.
Falagria, 240.
Forficula, 241.
teniata, 243.
Formica neogagates, 359.
Galerita, 233, 330, 363, 364, 387,
388, 391, 393, 394, 395, 397,
398, 399, 400, 401.
zquinoctialis, 387, 397.
Africana, 364.
Americana, 387.
atripes, 394.
attelaboides, 363.
Californica, 394.
carbonaria, 387, 389, 391, 395,
396, 397, 398, 399,

Galerita erythrodera, 387.

femoralis, 363.
Forreri, 394.
interstitialis, 364.
Janus, 394.
Lecontei, 387, 401.
melanaria, 397.
Mexicana, 394.
Moritzi, 395.
nigra, 397.
pallidicornis, 387, 395.
porcata, 397.
rubricollis, 387.
ruficollis, 387.
striata, 387, 397.
tenebriosa, 394.
unicolor, 387, 388, 390, 395,
397.

Gargus Schaumii, 336.

Glyptomerus cavicolus, 423.

Goniotropis rufipes, 402.

Gynandropus Mexicanus, 427.

Gyretes, 414, 416, 418.
acutangulus, 416, 418.
Boreandri, 416.
cinctus, 416.
dorsalis, 416.
Guatemalensis, 416.
immarginatus, 416.
leionatus, 416.
minor, 416.
proximus, 416.
pruinosus, 416.
pulverulentus, 416.
sericeus, 416.

Gyrinide, 329.

Gyrinus, 329, 412, 413.
bicolor, 412.
striatus, 412.
urinator, 412.

Harpalus, 339, 340, 342, 412.
eeneus, 341, 346.
neglectus, 339.
rhoninus 339.
serripes, 339.
sulphuripes, 339.
tardus, 339.
viridieneus, 346, 347.

Helluodes Nebrioides, 349, 351.

Helluomorpha melanaria, 393.

Hexagonia, 349.

Homalota, 259, 268, 269, 270, 275,

301.
insecta, 269.
putrescens, 268, 269, 275.
sordida, 259.

Homothes, 344.
elegans, 341,

449

Hydrellia, 303.
Hydrina, 304.
Hydrobius, 433.
Hydrocharis, 263.
obtusatus 262.
Hydrophilide, 433.
Hydrophilus, 444.
Hydroporus, 263, 264.
modestus, 263.
Ina, 383.
costulata, 383.
Ischnoptera, 288.
Isomalus Conradti, 445.
Labia minor, 242.
Laccophilus, 263, 264, 265, 266.
hyalinus, 264.
minutus, 264.
proximus, 265, 266.
Lasius Americanus, 359.
Lathrobium, 318, 326, 436.
angustatum, 318.
apterum, 422.
brunneipennis, 318, 444.
filiforme, 444.
fulvipenne, 422.
Ilyricum, 326.
multipunctatum, 336, 444.
punctatum, 444.
quadratum, 318, 323.
terminatum, 318.
Latona Spinole, 326, 353.
Lebia, 360, 371.
Lecanomerus obesulus, 342.
Leistus, 351.
preeustus, 352.
rufescens, 352.
Leptochirus, 249.
Javanicus, 273.
minutus, 273.
unicolor, 273.
Leptotrachelus, 363.
Lesteva, 428.
pubescens, 428.
sicula, 428.
Limnophorus, 310.
Limosina, 304, 312.
fontinalis, 311.
Lipterus microcephalus, 345.
Loxandrus unistigma, 342, 357.
Macrogyrus, 417.
elongatus, 418.
obliquatus, 417.
Mauna frigida, 383.
Mecyclothorax, 384.
montivagus, 384.
ovipennis, 384.
pusillus, 384.
Megalonychus, 345.

450 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Megalonychus Angolensis, 375.
Patrobioides, 375

Mesothriscus alternans, 384, 385.
collaris, 386.
Hawaiiensis, 385.
muscicola, 383, 385.
tricolor, 383, 386.

Metromenus, 385.
equalis, 386.
caliginosus, 385, 386.
epicurus, 385.
ero, 384.
fraudator, 385, 386.
latifrons, 385, 386.
mutabilis, 386.

Micrixys robustus, 334.

Microsomus vicinus, 333.

Miscelus, 369, 373, 375, 382.
Javanus, 369, 373, 375.

Morio, 329, 409, 410.
Braziliensis, 410.
Georgiz, 408, 410.
monilicornis, 408, 410.
orientalis, 409, 410.
simplex, 408, 410.

Moriosomus sylvestris, 410.

Mormolyce phyllodes, 368.

Myrmeca lzvinodes, 248.

Myrmedonia, 296.
flavicornis, 241.

Nebria angustata, 335.
angusticollis, 335.
Gyllenhali, 335.
rubicunda, 335.

Notiobia cupreola, 342.
disposita, 356.
luroides, 345.

Notonomus variicollis, 345.
viridescens, 333.

Nycteis, 367.

Nyeteribia Blasii, 313.
Frauenfeldii, 313.
Hermani, 313.
vexata, 313.

Nycteribide, 312.

Nyctobora latipennis, 292.

Ochtheria mantis, 310.

Qidichirus, 354, 424.

C£dodactylus fuscobrunneus, 336.

Omophron Americanum, 411.
Onypterygia purpuratus, 345.

pusilla, 345.
Oopterus rotundicollis, 343.
Ophionea, 341.

cyanocephala, 341.
Ophonus, 339.

azureus, 339.

brevicollis, 339.

Ophonus germanus, 338.
obscurus, 339.
Orectochilus, 420.
cordatus, 419.
discifer, 420.
oblongiusculus, 419.
semivestitus, 419.
Orectochirus, 267.
specularis, 267.
Orectogyrus, 267.
glaucus, 414, 415.
ornaticollis, 415.
specularis, 267, 415.
suturalis, 415.
Orizabus, 342.
calipilatus, 342.
Orthomus aquilus, 338.
Othius fulgidus, 424.
fulvipennis, 424.
melanocephalus, 424.
myrmecophilus, 424.
Oxypoda, 271.
Oxytelus, 260, 274, 275.
alutaceifrons, 272.
luteipennis, 272.
piceus, 272.
rugosus, 260.
Ozena angulicollis, 403.
glabra, 402.
levis, 402.
parallela, 402.
pedestris, 402.
Reichii, 402.
Pachyteles, 242, 401, 402, 404.
Braziliensis, 402.
longicornis, 401.
Mexicanus, 402.
parallelus, 402.
porrectus, 402.
seriatoporus, 402.
testaceus, 402.
Pederus, 233, 330, 354.
australis, 354.
coarctatus, 354.
duplex, 354.
erythroderus, 354.
fuscipes, 354.
longipennis, 354.
luridiventris, 354.
rutilicornis, 354.
Panageeus Symei, 333.
Pangus, 341, 342.
Patrobus excavatus, 330.
rufipes, 330.
Pelmatellus nitescens, 342, 359.
obtusus, 346.
variipes, 342.
vexator, 342.

Penicillidea conspicua, 313.
Dufourii, 313.

Pericallus, 372, 375, 379.
cicindeloides, 374, 378.
coeruleovirens, 372, 379, 380.
flavoguttatus, 368.
guttatus, 368, 370, 371, 380,

382.

Periplaneta, 285, 286.
Americana, 286.
Australasie, 286.

Phaenonotum estriatum, 432.

Pheropsophus, 267, 268, 401.
equinoctialis, 401.
bipartitus, 401.
biplagiatus, 401.
dipsicollis, 267.
fastigiatus, 268.
fuscicollis, 267, 401.
Hispanicus, 331.
humeralis, 401.

Kersteni, 268, 401.
Latoni, 401.

Latovici, 267.
Madagascarensis, 268.
marginalis, 267.
marginatus, 268.
obliquatus, 401.
parallelus, 268.
Yezoensis, 267.

Philonthus sp., 233, 250, 252, 253,

254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 315,
316, 353, 358, 407, 425.
acciderus, 358.
geneipennis, 253.
eeneus, 252.
agilis, 252.
albipes, 250, 425.
atriceps, 256.
bipustulatus, 252.
centralis, 250.
cephalotes, 257.
cinctipennis, 251.
cruentatus, 252.
debilis, 260.
decorus, 353.
dimidiatus, 252.
discoideus, 250, 251.
ebeneus, 252.
exiguus, 425.
flavolimbatus, 252.
Flohrii, 358.
furvus, 358.
gastralis, 425.
gemellus, 253.
incertus, 358.
Lewisius, 253.
longicornis, 252, 257, 425.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 45]

Philonthus mutans, 425.
occultus, 358.
ochromerus, 358.
oxysporus, 259.
parvimanus, 252.
politus, 353.
proximus, 253.
punctus, 353.
rectangulus, 251.
scybalarius, 252, 257.
sericeus, 251.
Sikore, 254.
sordidus, 257.
umbratilis, 254, 255.
varians, 252, 255.
ventralis, 253.
xanthomerus, 258.

Phlceotheratus quadricollis, 342.

Phyllodromia, 289.
Physodera, 383.
Physomerus porosus, 342.
Pinacodera, 383.

atrata, 383.
Pinophilus, 324, 428.
' rufipennis, 324.
Pionycha, 363.
Planetes bimaculatus, 351.
Platyderus calathoides, 342.
Platynus, 345, 348.

alacer, 345.

albipes, 345.

dorsalis, 330, 345, 346.

extensicollis, 381.

levis, 346.

lugens, 345.

oblongus, 346.
Platyprosopus Beduinus, 347.
Platysma, 342.

caudicollis, 411.
Platystethus cornutus, 282.
Platyzosteria ingens, 287.
Pleuracanthus brevicollis, 393.
Pleurohomus, 436.

obscurus, 436, 439.
Pleurosoma suleatum, 345.
Plociopterus letus, 257.
Peecilus Mexicanus, 411.
Polyhirma, 409.

hamifera, 409.
Pristonychus Algerinus, 345.

punctulatus, 345.
Pseudomascus nigrita, 343,

Pseudopristonychus cimmerius, 345.
Pterolepta, 342.
Pterostichus, 411.

adoxus, 342.

sodalicus, 342.
Quediomarcus puniceipennis, 257.
Quedionuchus impunctus, 325.
Quedius, 315, 317.

basiventris, 324.

cruentus, 315.

dubius, 315.

flavicaudus, 325.

fulgidus, 315.

fuliginosus, 315.

graciliventris, 324.

impressus, 315.

insolitus, 316.

occultus, 315.

peregrinus, 315.

ruficollis, 256.

truncicolus, 315.

ventralis, 315.
Rhagodus levipunctatus, 345.
Rhembus levis, 333.
Rhopalomelus, 332.

angusticollis, 332.
Sarcophaga, 309.
Scaptomyza, 306.

graminum, 306.
Scatella stagnalis, 303.
Schizogenius, 329.
Selina Westermanni, 328.
Serrimargo guttiger, 373, 377, 381,

382.

Staphylinide indet, 255, 256, 261.
Stenognathus quadricollis, 342.
Stenolophus fuliginosus, 348.
Stilicus, 319, 322, 335.

angularis, 319, 320, 322.

geniculatus, 336.

orbiculatus, 336.

* rufipes, 319.

similis, 336.
Stomis pumicatus, 345.
Stomonaxus, 350.

striaticollis, 431.
Stylopyga orientalis, 286.
Sunius longiusculus, 429.
Tachys, 360.

incurvus, 360.
Tachyusa, 270.
Tenodema, 346.

Tenodema cinerea, 346.
Temnopteryx, 288.
Tetracha, 220, 411.
fulgida, 411.
Horni, 411.
Thalpius rufulus, 421.
Thleopora corticalis, 241.
Thyreopterus, 380.
armatus, 378.
brevicollis, 367, 370.
flavosignatus, 380.
striatus, 368.
sublevis, 367.
Trechus, 335, 336.
Asturiensis, 421.
flavomarginatus, 421.
leevipennis, 336.
micros, 336.
paludosus, 336.
rotundipennis, 421.
strigipennis, 336.
Trichognathus, 390, 400.
cinctus, 390.
immarginatus, 390.
marginatus, 390, 401.
marginipennis, 390, 401.
Trichophya pilicornis, 300.
Trichopteryx, 297, 430.
Haldemani, 430.
Trogophlceus, 268.
Tropidopterus Duponcheli, 342.
Tropisternus, 262, 435, 436, 437,
439, 441.
apicipalpis, 440.
Caracinus, 437.
chalybeus, 439.
dorsalis, 438, 441.
ebenus, 439.
glaber, 438, 440.
lateralis, 438, 439, 441.
limbalis, 438, 441.
nigrinus, 439.
nimbatus, 437.
nitens, 438, 439.
nitidus, 439.
striolatus, 438, 439, 441.
umbrinus, 439.
xanthopus, 439.
Xantholinus obsidianus, 257.
Xanthophea vittata, 280.
Xanthopygus Solskyi, 261.
Zuphium Mexicanum, 421,

452

Note.

Acallomyces, 229, 299, 300.
Homalote, 300.
Acompsomyces, 227, 229, 230, 297,
299, 300.
Atomarie, 299.
brunneolus, 298.
Corticarie, 297, 298.
pauperculus, 298.
Amorphomyces, 221, 224, 226, 234,
284, 293, 295.
Falagrie, 293.
Floridanus, 221, 295.
Arthrorhynchus, 221, 222, 223, 227,
229, 312, 427.
Cyclopodie, 301, 312, 313, 314.
Diesingii, 312.
Eucampsipode, 312, 313, 314.
Nycteribie, 313, 314.
Westrumbii, 312.
Autoicomyces, 225, 228, 230, 434,
436, 443.
acuminatus, 434.
falciferus, 435.
distortus, 434, 435.
furcatus, 434, 435.
humilis, 434, 435.
ornithocephalus, 435.
Camptomyces, 281.
Cantharomyces, 227, 281.
Bledii, 282.
occidentalis, 282.
Platystethi, 282.
pusillus, 282.
Ceraiomyces, 327.
Dahlii, 222, 223, 314, 327.
Selinze, 222, 327.
Ceratomyces, 224, 225, 226, 228,
230, 231, 234, 430, 431, 432,
433, 434, 435, 436, 443, 445.
acuminatus, 434.
ansatus, 439.
Braziliensis, 438, 439.
Californicus, 438, 439.
camptosporus, 438.
cladophorus, 437.
confusus, 436, 437, 439, 440.
curvatus, 437, 438.
denticulatus, 433.
elephantinus, 433.
jaleiferus, 435.
filiformis, 436, 437.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE

PLANT NAMES.

Ceratomyces Floridanus, 439, 440.
Mexicanus, 438, 439.
minisculus, 436, 441.
mirabilis, 435, 439.
ormthocephalus, 435.
procerus, 436, 437.
reflecus, 432, 436.
rhynchophorus, 431, 436.
rostratus, 436.
spinigerus, 440.
terrestris, 435, 436.

Ceratomycetinee, 431.

Chetomyces, 225, 442.

Pinophili, 429.

Chitonomyces, 226, 230, 261, 262,

263.
AKthiopicus, 263, 267.
appendiculatus, 265.
Bullardi, 263, 265.
dentiferus, 264.
Floridanus, 264.
Hydropori, 263.
Javanicus, 263, 266.
marginatus, 263, 266.
melanurus, 263, 266.
occultus, 264.
Orectogyri, 263, 266.
paradoxus, 263, 264.
psittacopsis, 263, 266.
rhyncostoma, 263.
spinigerus, 265.
spinosus, 265.

Clematomyces, 226, 427, 442.
Pinophili, 427.

Compsomyces, 222, 225, 228, 272,

284, 427, 428, 429.
Lestevi, 428.
verticillatus, 226, 428.
Coreomyces, 222, 227, 228, 229,
230, 231, 234, 441, 442.
Corisee, 443.
curvatus, 443.
Corethromyces, 224, 229, 315, 317,
318, 322, 323, 367, 369.
Brazilianus, 318.
Cryptobii, 227, 318, 319.
Latone, 326.
longicaulis, 319.
purpurascens, 318.
Stilici, 226, 280, 281, 319, 320,
323.

LABOULBENIACEZ.

Primary references and new names on combinations are indicated by bold face type, synonyms by italics.

Dichomyces, 224, 226, 231, 233,
249, 250.
Angolensis, 257.
Australiensis, 256.
Belonuchi, 251.
bifidus, 255.
biformis, 226, 231, 250, 254.
Cafianus, 251, 258.
dubius, 252, 253, 257.
exilis, 258.
furciferus, 231, 250, 251, 253,
257, 258.
Homalote, 259.
hybridus, 231, 250, 253, 254.
inzeequalis, 233, 260.
infectus, 257.
insignis, 254, 255.
Javanus, 250, 259.
Madagascarensis, 254.
Mexicanus, 256.
Peruvianus, 257, 259.
princeps, 233, 250, 252, 253,
256, 257.
vulgatus, 233, 250, 251, 252,
253, 257.
Dichotomosiphon, 235.
Dimeromycees, 225, 241, 297, 327.
Africanus, 242.
coarctatus, 222, 223, 241, 244,
245.
crispatus, 245.
Forficule, 242.
Labiz, 242.
minutissimus, 242.
nanomasculus, 245.
pinnatus, 224, 225, 246.
rhizophorus, 222, 223, 241, 243.
Dimorphomyces, 224, 225, 226,
240, 284, 297.
denticulatus, 240.
infectus, 240.
Myrmedonie, 225, 226, 240.
Thleopore, 241, 284.
Dioicomyces, 221, 224, 227, 284, 293.
Anthici, 294, 295.
Floridanus, 294, 295.
obliqueseptatus, 296.
onchophorus, 294.
spinigerus, 295.
Distichomyces, 221, 226, 229, 230,
234, 240, 248, 427.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE

Distichomyces Leptochiri, 249.
Keteinomyces, 224, 225, 228, 429,
430, 431, 436.
Trichopterophilus, 429.
Knarthromyces, 225, 227, 267, 294.
Indicus, 267.
Kucantharomyces, 224, 227, 230,
275, 281, 301.
Africanus, 278, 279.
Atrani, 275, 277.
Callida, 277, 278.
Casnonix, 278.
Catascopi, 276, 279.
Diaphori, 276, 279.
Euprocti, 276, 277.
Madagascarensis, 278.
spinosus, 276.
Xanthophxe, 280.
Eucorethromyces, 320.
Apotomi, 320.
Kuhaplomyces, 230, 281.
Ancyrophori, 281.
Eumonoicomyces, 230, 273, 276.
Californicus, 274.
invisibilis, 275.
Papuanus, 230, 273, 274.
Euzodiomyces, 225, 226, 228, 230,
442, 444, 445.
Lathrobii, 444.
Haplomyces, 227, 275, 276, 281.
Californicus, 275.
Texanus, 275.
Helminthophana, 221, 312.
Nycteribie, 312.
Herpomyces, 221, 222, 224, 241, 282.
Anaplecte, 284, 289.
arietinus, 287, 288.
cheetophilus, 283, 284, 285.
Diplopterz, 288, 293.
Ectobiz, 224, 283, 284, 289,
290.
forficularis, 290.
Nyctobore, 283, 290, 291, 292.
Paranensis, 283, 284, 290, 291,
292.
Periplanetz, 283, 285, 293.
Phyllodromiz, 288.
Platyzosteriz, 286, 287.
tricuspidatus, 283, 290, 293.
Zanzibarinus, 287, 289.
Hydrzeomyces, 226, 230, 264.
Cnemidoti, 267.
Hydrophilomyces, 225,
429, 431, 436.
reflexus, 432.
rhyncophorus, 431.
Idiomyces, 225.
Peyritschii, 314.

228, 230,

Kainomyces, 224, 226, 228, 230,
444, 445.
Tsomali, 445.
Kleidiomyces, 226, 230, 280.
furcillatus, 271, 281.
Laboulbenia, 227, 229, 233, 234,
241, 327, 328, 353, 430.
acanthophora, 372.
Acrogenys, 362.
adunca, 390, 391.
/Brogenidii, 340, 341.
Anaplogenii, 328, 342, 347,
348, 360, 361.
Anchonoderi, 347, 348.
angularis, 387, 388.
anomala, 334, 415.
aquatica, 329, 413.
Argentinensis, 221, 397.
aristata, 376, 378, 379, 380,
392.
armillaris, 329.
Asiatica, 362.
Assamensis, 373.
Atlantica, 336.
atrata, 331, 332.
Australiensis, 371.
barbata, 408.
bicolor, 391, 396, 398.
bicornis, 227, 413.
bidentata, 343, 344.
bilabiata, 352.
Bledii, 358.
Borneensis, 380.
brachiata, 330.
Brachini, 345, 352, 353, 362,
363.
Brachionychi, 334.
Cafii, 353, 406.
Casnonie, 341, 350.
Catascopi, 382.
cauliculata, 329, 385, 386.
celestialis, 361, 362.
ceratophora, 328, 372, 373, 380.
Ceylonensis, 349, 351.
chetophora, 412.
Chinensis, 352.
Chiriquensis, 356, 357.
cincta, 331, 332.
Clivinalis, 329, 407.
coarctata, 329, 419, 420.
Colpodis, 398.
Columbiana, 358.
concinna, 366.
constricta, 414, 415, 420.
Coptez, 343.
Coptodere, 370.
corethropsis, 368, 369, 370.
corniculata, 388, 391, 396.

LABOULBENIACE/5.

Laboulbenia corrugata, 377.
Craspedophori, 333, 334.
cristata, 233, 330, 354, 355.
Cubensis, 414.
curtipes, 360.
curvata, 399.
dactylophora, 415.

Darwinii, 330, 402.

decipiens, 221, 397.

denticulata, 417.

dentifera, 356.

Dercyli, 410, 411.

Dineutis, 417, 418.

Diopsis, 354.

Disenochi, 384, 385, 386.

distincta, 372.

divaricata, 330, 333.

drepanalis, 416.

Drypte, 338.

dubia, 353.

Ege, 357.

elongata, 344.

equatorialis, 355.

erecta, 337, 379.

Euchile, 376.

Eudalie, 357.

Europea, 351.

exigua, 333, 334.

faleata, 355, 356.

fallax, 418, 419.

fasciculata, 330.

filifera, 340, 341.

finitima, 380, 382.

fissa, 367, 370.

flaccida, 331, 349.

flagellata, 337, 342, 344, 346,
348, 349, 352, 362, 383.

forficulata, 367, 368, 370.

Formicarum, 248, 329, 359,
381.

fusiformis, 391, 396, 397.

Galerite, 394, 400.

geniculata, 390, 391.

gibbifera, 410, 411.

Guerinii, 416.

Gyrinidarum, 329, 412, 413.

Hageni, 222, 329.

Hawaiiensis, 383, 384, 385.

Helluodis, 349, 350, 351.

Helluomorphe, 390, 392, 393.

heterocheila, 416, 417.

humilis, 334.

imitans, 367, 368, 369.

incerta, 391, 396, 397.

ineurvata, 405.

inflata, 232, 234, 359.

insignis, 370, 371.

insularis, 335.

454

Laboulbenia intermedia, 340, 341.
interposita, 330, 331, 332.
Italica, 364.

Japanensis, 352, 363.

Japonica, 329, 364, 365, 366.

Javana, 373, 374.

Kunkeli, 368.

Latone, 326, 353.

Lebiz, 370.

lepida, 340.

leucophea, 377.

Liberiana, 332.

longicollis, 363.

Loxandri, 356, 357.

macrotheca, 346, 347.

maculata, 381, 382.

Madagascarensis, 339.

Madeire, 337.

Maylayensis, 371, 378, 380, 382.

media, 400.

Megalonychi, 374.

melanaria, 338.

melanopus, 412.

melanotheea, 233, 387, 388.

Mexicana, 233, 330, 386, 387.

microscopica, 359, 360.

microsoma, 381.

minima, 363.

minimalis, 393.

Misceli, 369.

Morionis, 378, 408, 409.

Napoleonis, 221, 329.

Nebrie, 335.

notata, 348, 378.

Oaxacana, 405.

obliquata, 375.

obtusa, 341.

Cdichiri, 354.

(Edodactyli, 336.

olivacea, 328, 360.

Oopteri, 343.

Ophoni, 339.

Orectochili, 419.

orientalis, 329, 364, 365, 412.

Orthomi, 337, 338.

Ozenz, 229, 401, 403, 404.

Pachytelis, 330, 401, 402, 403,
404, 406.

pallescens, 407, 408.

pallida, 340, 407.

pallida, 407.

palmella, 368, 370.

Papuana, 409.

parvula, 346.

paupercula, 337.

pedicellata, 344.

pendula, 405.

Pericalli, 382.

Laboulbenia perpendicularis, 335.

perplexa, 391, 392, 396, 397,
399.

Pheropsophi, 233, 330, 401.

Philonthi, 226, 233, 330, 358,
309.

Planetis, 349, 350, 351.

Platyprosopi, 347, 348.

platystoma, 379.

Polyhirme, 231, 408, 411.

polyphaga, 335, 341, 342, 344,
348, 350.

producta, 361.

proliferans, 232, 328, 329, 330,
331, 332, 333.

prolixa, 386.

prominens, 371, 372.

protrudens, 378.

Pseudomasci, 340, 343.

Pterostichi, 342, 345, 346.

punctata, 395.

punctulata, 401, 402, 403, 404.

pusilla, 329, 364, 365.

pygmea, 399, 401.

Quedii, 354.

retusa, 406.

rhinophora, 329, 364, 365, 366.

rostellata, 404.

rotundata, 418.

Rougetii, 351, 352, 353, 363.

scelophila, 381.

Schizogenii, 378.

separata, 368, 369.

Serrimarginis, 381, 382.

speciosa, 388, 389.

spectabilis, 227, 386.

sphyriopsis, 385.

spiralis, 331, 348, 349, 351.

Stomonaxi, 350.

strangulata, 414, 419, 420.

subconstricta, 376, 382.

subpunctata, 394, 395.

subterranea, 335, 336.

Sumatra, 373, 374.

Tachyis, 360.

Tznodeme, 346.

tenuis, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380.

Texana, 231, 329, 330, 404.

Thyreopteri, 380, 382.

tibialis, 406.

tortuosa, 401, 403.

Trichognathi, 389, 393, 399.

triordinata, 390, 392, 393, 397.

tuberculifera, 376, 377.

umbonata, 348.

uncinata, 346.

variabilis, 220, 229, 233, 329,
330, 410, 411, 412.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEA.

Laboulbenia verrucosa, 348.
vulgaris, 335.

Laboulbeniacee, 282.

Laboulbeniineze, 240.

Lactarius, 270.

Limnaiomyces, 226, 233, 261, 263.
Hydrocharis, 262.
Tropisterni, 262.

Misgomyces, 228, 230, 429, 430.
Dyschirii, 430, 431.
Stomonaxi, 431.

Monoblepharis insignis, 235.

_ Monoicomyces, 224, 225, 230, 268,

273, 280.

Aleochare, 270.

Brittanicus, 269.

Echidnoglosse, 269.

jurcillatus, 281.

Homalote, 268, 269, 270.

invisibilis, 275.

Leptochiri, 225, 268, 272.

nigrescens, 270.

Oxypode, 271.

St. Helene, 225, 268, 272, 273.

similis, 269.

Moschomyces, 222, 225, 284, 312,
427, 428, 429,

insignis, 429.

Peyritschiella, 226, 229, 230, 233,
247, 248, 249, 250, 260, 261,
262.

Amazonica, 261.

nigrescens, 233, 249, 260.

protea, 260.

Xanthopygi, 261.
Peyritschiellacez, 240.
Polyascomyces, 230, 231, 299, 300.

Trichophye, 300.
Rhachomyces, 225, 273, 296, 420,

429.

anomalus, 297.

Aphzenopsis, 422.

arbusculus, 425.

Berlesiana, 221.

Canariensis, 421.

Cayennensis, 423.

Cryptobianus, 424.

Dolicaontis, 420, 425, 426.

furcatus, 424.

Glyptomeri, 423.

hypogeeus, 422, 423.

Javanicus, 426.

longissimus, 426.

Cidichiri, 424, 425.

Philonthinus, 420, 424.

pilosellus, 422.

stipitatus, 422.

tenuis, 426.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE

Rhachomyces Thalpii, 421, 422.
velatus, 426.
Zuphii, 421.
Rhadinomyces, 302, 317, 318, 322,
328, 442.
pallidus, 318.

Rhizomyces, 222, 321, 322, 327.
crispatus, 222, 227, 231, 323.
etenophorus, 322.
gibbosus, 322.

Rhodochytrium, 235.

Rhynchophoromyces, 228, 234, 432,

436, 442, 443.
denticulatus, 433.
elephantinus, 433, 434.

- rostratus, 228, 433.

Rickia, 221, 226, 229, 234, 247, 249.
Wasmanni, 220, 248, 359.
Smeringomyces, 230, 236, 296, 321.

anomalus, 297.

Sphaleromyces, 323, 445.
atropurpureus, 324, 325.
Brachyderi, 324, 325.
Chiriquensis, 325.

Indicus, 324.

Sphaleromyces Lathrobii, 323.
Latonz, 326.
obtusus, 326.
occidentalis, 324.
propinquus, 326.
Quedionuchi, 325.
Stichomyces, 321, 322.
Conosome, 297, 321.
Stilicolus, 320, 321.
Stigmatomyces, 222, 224, 227, 229,
276, 297, 300, 301, 312, 314.
Baeri, 309.
constrictus, 229, 307, 308.
Diopsis, 304.
dubius, 305, 310.
Elachiptere, 302, 308.
gracilis, 305.
humilis, 310.
Hydrelliz, 303.
Limnophore, 309.
Limosine, 311.
micrandrus, 306, 307.
Musce, 221.
Papuanus, 311.
pauperculus, 306.

LABOULBENIACEE.

455

Stigmatomyces proboscideus, 308.
purpureus, 229, 301, 302, 303,
304.
rugosus, 307.
Sarcophage, 305, 309, 310.
Scaptomyze, 305.
spiralis, 303.
Venezuele, 304.
virescens, 229, 302.
Symplectromyces, 225, 227, 229, 314.

vulgaris, 315.
Teratomyces, 225, 227, 229, 314,
315.

Actobii, 316.
insignis, 317.
mirificus, 316.
petiolatus, 316.
Philonthi, 316.
vulgaris, 315.
Zealandica, 316.
Vaucheria intermedia, 235.
Zodiomyces, 222, 225, 226, 228,
231, 234, 442, 443, 444, 445,
446.
vorticellarius, 444.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

The figures have been reproduced by photo-lithography and somewhat reduced from original ink drawings,
the approximate magnifications of which are indicated.

PLATE XXVIII.

Dimeromyces coarctatus Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature female individual with two perithecia, side view, 600.
Fig.2. Mature female individual with one perithecium, the male individual at right, a spore in process of discharge
from the apex of the perithecium, < 600. Fig.3. The same, anterior view, 600. Fig.4. Young female indi-
vidual, lateral view showing young perithecia at left with terminal trichogyne, < 950. Fig. 5. Mature male indi-
vidual with three antheridia, lateral view, < 1800. Fig. 17. Young perithecium with terminal trichogyne on
which are two antherozoids, * 1800.

Dimeromyces rhizophorus Thaxter. Fig.6. Mature female individual; posterior view showing fureate rhizoid,
< 600. Fig. 7. Similar individual partly lateral view showing position in situ on small portion of the host integu-
ment beneath which the fureate rhizoid extends into its body cavity, * 600. Fig. 8. Male individual with three
antheridia showing its relation to integument of host, the simple rhizoid lying wholly within the body cavity, X 1150.

Dimeromyces Forficule Thaxter. Fig. 9. Mature female individual with a male at right showing relative
position on the integument of host, X 600. Fig. 10. Mature female individual; lateral view, x 600. Fig. 11.
Mature male showing relation to basal cell of female at right, * 1150.

Dimorphomyces Thleopore Thaxter. Fig. 12. Female individual with male at right. Fig.13. Distal portions
of female (left) and male receptacles.

Dimorphomyces Myrmedonie Thaxter. Fig. 14. Female individual with five perithecia seen from above (in
relation to position of growth on host), X 600. Fig. 15. Similar individual seen from below, X 600. Fig. 16.
Male individual, « 950.

PLATE XXIX.

Dimeromyces Labie Thaxter. Figs. 1-3. Three female individuals seen from different positions, X 600. Fig. 4.
Female individual more highly magnified, X 1150. Fig. 5. Male individual with three antheridia, * 1150.

Dimeromyces minutissimus Thaxter. Fig. 6. Mature female individual more highly magnified, X 1150. Figs.
7-8. Mature female individuals, x 600. Fig.9. Mature male individual, x 1800.

Dimeromyces nanomasculus Thaxter. Fig. 10. Mature female individual, x 600. Figs. 11-12, Female indi-
vidual with a male individual (fig. 12) in situ at its base, x 600. Fig. 13. Mature male individual x 1800.

Dimeromyces crispatus Thaxter. Fig.14. Mature female individual with male in situ on the right at its base,
< 600. Fig.15. Male individual with the base of female seen at left, * 1150.

Dimeromyces pinnatus Thaxter. Fig. 16. Well developed female individual with three perithecia, < 600.
Fig. 17. Female individual from leg of host, X 600. Fig.18. Male individual with three antheridia, « 600.

PLATE XXX.

Dichomyces Cafianus Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Posterior and anterior views of mature individuals, < 600.

Dichomyces Peruvianus Thaxter. Figs. 3-4. Anterior and posterior views of mature individuals, x 600.
Fig. 5. Tip of perithecium enlarged, X 1800.

Dichomyces Angolensis Thaxter. Figs. 6-7. Posterior and anterior views of mature individuals, X 600.

Peyritschiella protea. Thaxter. Fig. 8. Small individual on Bledius bicornis (England) xX 600. Fig. 9.
Well developed individual on the same host.

Peyritschiella Amazonica Thaxter. Fig.10. Posterior view of mature individual from Nanta, Amazon, < 600.

Peyritschiella Xanthopygi Thaxter. Fig. 11. Anterior view of mature individual, * 600.

PLATE XXXI.

Dichomyces exilis Thaxter. Figs.1-2. Two individuals showing variation in form of perithecia, anterior and
posterior views respectively, 600.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 457

Dichomyces infectus Thaxter. Figs, 3-4. Two variations showing anterior and posterior views respectively
< 600.

Dichomyces vulgatus Thaxter. Figs. 5-6. Anterior views illustrating two types of form, % 600. Figs. 7-8.
Posterior and anterior views of appendiculate tips of perithecia, * 1800. Fig. 9. Anterior view of individual in
which the perithecial appendages are absent. An adventitious perithecium developing from the second tier at the
left, X 600.

Dichomyces furciferus Thaxter, variety. Figs. 10-11. Anterior views of two individuals showing variation.
Material from Cambridge, X 600. Fig. 12. Posterior view of individual from Abyssinia, * 600.

Dichomyces Homalote Thaxter, Fig. 13. Anterior view of pale individual, * 600. Fig. 14. Posterior view
of type form, x 600.

Dichomyces hybridus Thaxter. Fig. 15. Anterior view of individual in which the perithecial appendages are
absent, < 600. Fig. 16. Individual having both types of perithecia, x 600. Fig. 17. Posterior view of indi-
vidual in which the perithecia are all of the appendiculate type, x 600. Figs. 18-19. Posterior and anterior views
of tips of perithecia of the appendiculate type, < 1800.

PLATE XXXII.

Dichomyces Javanus Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Posterior and anterior views of typical forms, * 600.

Dichomyces insignis Thaxter. Fig. 3. Posterior view of well developed individual, x 600. Fig. 4. Antheri-
dium much enlarged, < 1800. Figs. 5-6. Anterior and posterior views of the appendiculate tips of two perithecia,
1800.

Dichomyces dubius Thaxter. Figs. 7-8. Two individuals with two (posterior view) and four (anterior view)
perithecia respectively, < 600. Figs. 9-10. Anterior and posterior views of the appendiculate tips of two perithe-
cia, X 1800.

Dichomyces Madagascarensis Thaxter. Figs. 11-12. Anterior and posterior views of well developed individ-
uals, X 600. Fig. 13. Anterior view of tip of perithecium, < 1800.

Dichomyces bifidus Thaxter. Fig. 14. Anterior view of well developed individual, x 600. Figs. 15-16. Pos-
terior and anterior views of tips of perithecia, < 1800.

PLATE XXXIII.

Dichomyces biformis Thaxter. Fig. 1. Posterior view of well developed individual with seven mature and
one immature appendiculate perithecium, X 600. Fig.2. Anterior view of atypical individual with six appendiculate
perithecia (England), < 600. Fig. 3. Anterior view of individual with perithecia of the second type bearing no
appendages, X 600. Figs.4-5. Posterior and anterior views of tips of appendiculate perithecia, 1800.

Dichomyces Belonychi Thaxter. Figs. 6-7. Two individuals, posterior and anterior views respectively, 600.
Figs. 8-9. Posterior and anterior views of the tips of appendiculate perithecia < 1800.

Dichomyces Australiensis Thaxter. Figs. 10-11. Two individuals, posterior and anterior views respectively,
x 600. Figs. 12-13. Anterior and posterior views of appendiculate tips of perithecia. x 1800.

Dichomyces Mexicanus Thaxter, Figs. 14-15. Two individuals anterior and posterior views respectively, x
600. Figs. 16-17. Posterior and anterior views of appendiculate tips of perithecia, < 1800.

PLATE XXXIV.

Rickia Wasmanni Berlese. Figs. 1-9. Successive stages in the development of young individuals, x 1100.
Fig. 10. Mature individual, x 290. Fig. 11. Mature individual more highly magnified, x 600. Figs. 12-13.
Antheridia illustrating compound character, < 1400.

Limnaiomyces Tropisternti Thaxter. Figs. 14-15. Mature individuals. The pointed antheridium is shown at
the left in fig. 5 just below the base of the perithecium, < 290.

Limnaiomyces Hydrocharis Thaxter. Figs. 16-17. Two mature individuals, X 290. Figs. 18. Young indi-
vidual; the young antheridium at x, x 600.

Chitonomyces Orectogyri Thaxter. Figs. 19-20. Two mature individuals, x 290.

Chitonomyces Aethiopicus Thaxter. Figs. 21-22. Two mature individuals, x 290.

Chitonomyces psittacopsis Thaxter. Figs. 23-24. Two mature individuals, X 290. Fig. 25. Tip of peri-
thecium more highly magnified, x 600.

Chitonomyces dentiferus Thaxter. Figs. 26-27. Two mature individuals seen from opposite sides, X 290 and
600.

458 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Chitonomyces Hydropori Thaxter. Fig. 28. Mature individual, x 290. Fig. 29. Mature individual more
highly magnified, > 600.

Chitonomyces occultus Thaxter. Fig.30. Mature individual, X 290. Fig.31. Mature individual more highly
magnified, < 600.

Chitonomyces Bullardi Thaxter. Figs. 32-34. Two mature individuals, * 290. Figs. 35. Tip of perithecium
enlarged, < 1100.

Chitonomyces Floridanus Thaxter. Figs. 36-37. Mature individuals, « 290, Fig. 38. Mature individual
more highly magnified, < 600.

Monoicomyces Leptochiri Thaxter. Fig. 39. Individual with simple axis from abdomen of host, % 600. Fig.
40. Branched individual growing on mouth parts of host, * 600.

PLATE XXXV.

Monoicomyces similis Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature individual, anterior view, < 600. Fig. 2. Posterior view
showing primary appendage, x 600.

Monoicomyces Brittanicus Thaxter. Fig. 3. Anterior view of mature individual, x 600. Fig. 4. Posterior
view of receptacle and primary appendages with perithecia and antheridia, < 600.

Monoicomyces Echidnoglosse Thaxter. Fig. 5. Anterior view of a somewhat irregularly developed individual,
< 600. Fig.6. Young individual lateral view showing the primary appendage at right X 600. Fig. 7. Antheri-
dium, X 1100.

Monoicomyces Homalote Thaxter. Fig. 8. Large individual from English type-material, anterior view, < 600.
Fig. 9. Smaller form from Maine, the bases of the perithecial stalks blackened, < 600. Fig. 10. Young individual,
lateral view showing primary appendage, at left, and antheridia, 1100.

Monoicomyces Oxypode Thaxter. Fig. 11. Posterior view of a pair of individuals, X 600. Fig. 12. Lateral
view of a single individual, x 600. Fig. 13. Antheridium, x 1800.

PLATE XXXVI.

Monoicomyces nigrescens Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Posterior view of. mature individual, x 600. Fig. 3. Anterior
view of mature individual, x 600. Fig. 4. Antheridium more highly magnified, x 1100. ;

Monoicomyces Aleochare Thaxter. Fig. 5. Well developed individual posterior view, X 600. Figs. 6-7.
Anterior and posterior views of antheridia with four and two appendages respectively, x 1100.

Monoicomyces St. Helene Thaxter. Fig. 8. Well developed individual showing three of its four perithecigerous
branches, X 600. Fig. 9. Individual showing one of its three perithecigerous branches with sterile appendages
and antheridia subtending the terminal perithecium, X 600.

PLATE XXXVII.

Polyascomyces Trichophye Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. ‘Two mature individuals the body of the perithecium in optical
section showing the numerous ascogenic cells, * 600.

Kleidiomyces furcillatus Thaxter. Fig.3. Mature individual, X 600. Fig.4. Portion of a receptacle showing
antheridium at the left, x 600.

Cantharomyces Platystethi Thaxter. Figs. 5-6. Mature individual the branches of the primary appendage
destroyed, X 600.

Eumonoicomyces invisibilis Thaxter. Fig. 7. Mature individual, x 600. Fig. 8. Young individual with
immature perithecia subtended by an antheridium, < 1100.

Eumonoicomyces Calijfornicus Thaxter. Figs. 9-10. Two mature individuals, x 600.

Eumonoicomyces Papuanus Thaxter. Figs. 11-12. Two immature individuals, & 600. Fig. 13. Young
individual, the primary appendage at the left with pointed terminal cell, * 1100. Fig.14. Young perithecium and
trichogyne, X 1100. Figs.15-17. Anterior, posterior and obliquely lateral views of antheridia, X 1675. Fig. 18.
Anterior view of antheridium in optical section, * 1675.

Euhaplomyces Ancyrophori Thaxter. Figs. 19-20. Two mature individuals, X 285. Fig. 21. An antheri-
dium, the discharge-canal at the left, 1100.

PLATE XXXVIII.

Eucantharomyces Atrani Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Two mature individuals, X 225. Fig. 3. Antheridium, x 600.
Eucantharomyces Casnonie Thaxter. Figs. 4-5. Two mature individuals, X 225. Fig. 6. Antheridium, x
600. Fig. 7. Spore, < 600.

THAXTER. —MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®. . 459

Bucantharomyces Diaphori Thaxter. Figs. 8-9. Two mature individuals, % 225, Figs. 10-11. Two antheri-
dia, < 600. Fig. 12. Spore, « 600.

Eucantharomyces Catascopi Thaxter. Fig. 13. Mature individual, the perithecium seen in optical section, %
225. Fig. 14. Mature individual, the perithecium seen in surface view, X 225. Fig. 15. Antheridium, % 600.
Fig. 16. Spore, x 600.

Eucantharomyces spinosus Thaxter. Figs.17-18. Two mature individuals, X 225. Figs.19-20. Two antheri-
dia, < 600.

Hucantharomyces Xanthophee Thaxter. Figs. 21-22. Two mature individuals, % 225, Fig. 23. Antheri-
dium, < 600.

Eucantharomyces Madagascarensis Thaxter. Fig. 24. Mature individuals, X 225. Fig. 25. Antheridium,
< 600. Fig. 26. Spore, x 600.

Eucantharomyces Ewprocti Thaxter. Figs. 27-28. Mature individuals, * 225. Fig. 29. Antheridium, % 600.
Fig. 30. Spore, x 600.

Eucantharomyces Callide Thaxter. Figs. 31-32. Mature individuals, * 225. Fig. 33. Antheridium, « 600.
Fig. 34. Spore, x 600.

Eucantharomyces Africana Thaxter. Figs. 35-36. Two mature individuals, X 225. Fig. 37. Antheridium,
<x 600. Fig. 38. Spore, x 600.

PLATE XXXIX.

Herpomyces Phyllodromie Thaxter. Fig. 1. Partly lateral view of mature female individual seen in situ on
spine of host, X 625. Fig. 2. Male and female individuals in situ on spine of host, * 625.

Herpomyces Platyzosterie Thaxter. Fig. 3. Female individual on spine of host showing penetration of the
latter by rhizoids, X 625. Fig. 4. Female individual in situ on spine of host. A male individual is present but
concealed on opposite side. A germinating spore pair near tip of spine, * 625.

Herpomyces Nyctobore Thaxter. Fig. 5. Male and female individuals in sitw on antenna of host. The female
has developed six secondary receptacles bearing perithecia, x 290. Fig. 6. A single secondary receptacle of a
female individual with its perithecium, X 625. Fig.7. Male individual producing very numerous antheridia, X 625.
Fig. 8. Terminal portion of the primary female receptacle, * 1100.

Herpomyces Anaplecte Thaxter. Fig. 9. Posterior view of female individual, x 625. Fig. 10. Male individ-
ual, X 625.

Herpomyces Ectobie Thaxter. Fig. 11. Female individual showing portion of integument of host bearing
a spine to which the primary receptacle is attached. The latter has given rise to a branch which, creeping down the
spine, has become furcate; each division giving rise to a secondary receptacle which creeps on the surface of the host
and gives rise in both instances to five perithecia, * 290. Fig.12. A similar individual more highly magnified, the
secondary receptacle at the left is broken; that at the right developing young perithecia, x 625. Fig.13. Female
primary receptacle showing the origin of branch from its subbasal cell. The base of the male receptacle is shown
at the left, x 500. Fig. 14. Young perithecium with trichogyne, * 500. Fig. 15. Two spores, x 1100. Fig.
16. Male individual in which antheridia are being produced from the primary receptacle shown in situ on a spine, as
well as in great numbers from the secondary receptacles which have developed from it, x 625.

PLATE XL.

Herpomyces Paranensis Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Two perithecia with their secondary receptacles seen from oppo-
site sides, X 625. Fig. 3. Female individual showing the relation in position of the successively formed perithecia
and their receptacles. A male individual is shown projecting from between the two first formed larger receptacles,
< 290. Fig. 4. Male individual with its characteristically elongated terminal cell below which four or five antheri-
dia are produced, X 1100. Fig. 5. Primary female receptacle with its characteristic elongated terminal cell, the
branch from its subbasal cell shown at the right, the foot on the left, * 1100. Fig. 6. A spore, < 1100.

Herpomyces arietinus Thaxter. Fig. 7. Male and female individuals in situ on the integument of host; the
female has produced three secondary receptacles, two of them mature, a younger one lying behind the right perithe-
cium, X 625.

Herpomyces Zanzibarinus Thaxter. Fig. 8. Female individual showing primary receptacle in the middle,
625. Fig. 9. Male individual, x 1100. Fig. 10. Primary receptacle of female individual several cells of which
appear to have produced branches, 1100.

Herpomyces tricuspidatus Thaxter. Fig. 11. Portion of a female secondary receptacle showing rhizoidal mar-
gin and four lobes which bear perithecia only one of which is shown, X 625. Fig. 12. A similar receptacle viewed

460 THAXTER.—MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE®.

from the opposite (posterior) side, X 625. Fig. 13. A female individual in situ on the integument of host producing
nine perithecia on two secondary receptacles between which in the centre a male individual projects, * 290. Fig.
14. A male individual from which some of the antheridial branches have been removed, * 625. Fig. 15. One of
these antheridial branches enlarged, X 1100. Fig. 16. Two spores, X 1100. Fig. 17. Primary receptacle of a
female individual showing branch at right, < 625.

Herpomyces jorficularis Thaxter. Fig. 18. Female individual with two secondary receptacles each bearing a
perithecium; a male individual is shown between them, X 290. Fig. 19. Secondary receptacle bearing perithecia
showing connection at the right with branch from primary receptacle, X 625. Fig. 20. Detail of tip of perithecium,
a reverse view as compared with fig. 19, X 625. Fig. 21. Spine with male and female primary receptacles in situ,
the male at left has two antheridia; the female shows branch at left from its subbasal cell which becomes furcate
below, X 1100. Fig. 22. A spore, x 1100.

PLATE XLI.

Herpomyces Diploptere Thaxter. Fig. 1. Female individual with two secondary receptacles, X 290. Fig. 2.
A similar female individual enlarged seen from behind showing the primary receptacle which gives rise to a branch
which in turn branching to the right and left forms the two secondary receptacles. A male individual is shown
beside the female primary receptacle at the left, 625. Fig.3. Detail of tip of perithecium 1100. Fig.4. Male
individual bearing three antheridia, X 110. Fig. 5. A spore, x 1100.

Herpomyces Periplanete Thaxter. Fig.6. A group of five mature female individuals in situ on integument of
host, the secondary receptacle having developed the characteristic shield-like covering from behind which the tips
of the male individuals project in several instances, X 290. Fig.7. A single typical female individual a male shown
projecting from behind the tip of the shield, x 290. Fig. 8. A female individual in situ showing habit of the species
when an individual grows wholly on a spine. Haustoria are shown penetrating to the medulla of the spine from the
cells of the secondary receptacle and from the foot of the primary receptacle, 500. Fig. 9. Female individual
with shield not well developed, X 290. Fig.10. Male (at left) and female individuals in situ on a spine; the primary
receptacle of the female has developed an unusually long branch which, creeping to the base of the spine, has produced
a secondary receptacle with a rudimentary shield, X 625. Fig. 11. Two spores, X 1100. Fig. 12. Part of a
female primary receptacle four cells of which appear to have sent out branches to form secondary receptacles, 625.
Fig. 13. Male individual. x 625.

Herpomyces chetophilus Thaxter. Fig. 14. Male and female individuals in situ on spine, X 625. Fig. 15.
Female individual in situ, X 290. Fig. 16. A spore, x 1100. Fig. 17. Germinating spore pair in situ on spine,
< 625. Fig. 18. Male (left) and young female individual showing the connection of the secondary receptacle with
the branch from the primary receptacle, 625.

PLATE XLII.

Acallomyces Homalote Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Mature individuals, xX 600. Fig. 3. Antheridial appendage,
x 1100. Fig.4. A spore, x 1100.

Acompsomyces Corticarie Thaxter. Fig. 5. Mature individual; the Type, < 600.

Acompsomyces Atomarie Thaxter. Figs. 6-7. Mature individuals, X 600. Fig. 8. Young individual show-
ing the antheridial appendage at the left: at the right the young perithecium (procarp) bearing a furcate trychogyne
the swollen tips of which bear several receptive bladder-like outgrowths, X 1100. Fig. 9. Detail of an antheridial
appendage, < 1100.

Acompsomyces brunneolus Thaxter. Figs. 10-11. Two mature individuals, < 600. Fig. 12. Young individ-
ual with peculiar furcate trichogyne similar to that represented in fig. 8, x 1100.

Acompsomyces pauperculus Thaxter. Figs. 13-14. Two mature individuals, < 600. Fig. 15. <A spore, X
625.

Dioicomyces obliqueseptatus Thaxter. Fig. 16. Female individual, the base broken off, x 290. Fig. 17. A
spore, X 1100.

Dioicomyces Anthici Thaxter. Figs. 18-20. Female individuals, X 290. Fig. 21. Male individual. X 290.
Fig. 22. Mature male (at left) and young female developed from same spore-pair. > 1100. Fig. 23. Mature
male (at right) and young female the latter terminated by a two-celled trichogyne showing the small terminal thin-
walled receptive portion. Fig. 24. Male spore. »% 1100. Fig. 25. Female spore, x 1100.

Dioicomyces onchophorus Thaxter. Figs. 26-27. Mature female individuals. x 290. Fig. 28. Male individ-
‘ ual, < 1100. Fig. 29. Male (at right) and female spores, X 1100.

Dioicomyces spinigerus Thaxter. Figs. 30-31. Mature female individuals. xX 290. Figs. 32-33. Male indi-
viduals, X 1100. Fig. 34. A female spore, X 1100.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACEZ. 461

Dioicomyces Floridanus Thaxter, Fig. 35. Mature female individual. x 290. Fig. 36. Male individual, ~
1100.

Chitonomyces Javanicus Thaxter. Figs. 37-38. Mature individuals, * 600.

Chitonomyces paradoxus Peyritsch variety. Fig.39. Mature individual from Java, % 600.

Chitonomyces spinosus Thaxter. Fig. 40. Mature individual, * 600.

Smeringomyces anomalus Thaxter, Fig. 41. Memale individual in situ on bristle of host, ~% 290. Fig. 42.
Female individual in situ on bristle of host. The remains of a male (?) individual at right, * 1100.

PLATE XLIII.

Clematomyces Indicus Thaxter, Fig. 1. Well developed individual, * 290. Fig. 2. Antheridial branchlet,
* 1100.

Ceraiomyces Dahlii Thaxter. Figs. 3-4. Mature individuals: fig. 3 showing a complete rhizoidal apparatus
and the relation of the basal cell to the integument and body cavity of the host, x 290. Fig. 5. An insertion-cell
bearing appendage with antheridial branches, * 1100. Fig. 6. A spore, x 1100.

Ceraiomyces Selenae Thaxter. Figs. 7-8. The two type specimens, 290.

Compsomyces Lesteve Thaxter. Figs. 9-11. Two mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 12. Young individual
showing a single subterminal antheridium, x 1100.

PLATE XLIV.

Rhachomyces Canariensis Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Two mature individuals. > 290.

Rhachomyces Philonthinus Thaxter. Fig. 3. Large individual on Amichrotus from Japan, * 290. Fig. 4.
Smaller specimen on Philonthus, England, x 290.

Rhachomyces stipitatus Thaxter. Figs. 5-6. Two individuals from the type preparation on Anophthalmus
Rhadamanthus Lind., the appendages much broken. Fig. 5 showing individual in situ on bristle of host, < 290.

Rhachomyces tenuis Thaxter. Fig. 7. Typical form, X 290.

Rhachomyces Dolicaontis Thaxter. Fig. 8. A well developed typical individual, x 290.

Rhachomyces velatus Thaxter. Fig. 9. Individual in which the perithecium has been partly exposed by the
pressure of the cover glass, X 290.

PLATE XLV.

Rhachomyces Javanicus Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Two mature individuals, * 290.

Rhachomyces velatus Thaxter. Fig. 3. Typical form with appendages in normal position about the perithecium,
x 290.

Rhachomyces Cayennensis Thaxter. Figs. 4-5. Two mature individuals in which the longer appendage near the
base are broken, xX 290.

Rhachomyces Thalpii Thaxter. Figs.6-7. Two mature individuals, * 290.

Rhachomyces Oedichiri Thaxter. Figs. 8-9. Two typical individuals, x 290.

Rhachomyces Zufit Thaxter. Figs. 10-11. Two mature individuals, « 290.

Rhachomyces Aphenopsis Thaxter. Figs. 12-14. Variously developed individuals: the appendages in all more
or less broken. Fig. 13 a young individual showing the peculiar closely septate distal appendages, < 290.

Rhachomyces Cryptobianus Thaxter. Fig. 15. The type specimen, < 290.

Rhachomyces Glyptomere Thaxter. Fig. 16. The unique Type, x 290.

PLATE XLVI.

Stigmatomyces constrictus Thaxter, Figs.1-2. Detail of antheridia seen from opposite sides, X 1100. Figs. 3-4.
Mature individuals, < 290.

Stigmatomyces Llachiptere Thaxter. Figs. 5-6. Two mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 7. Detail of antheri-
dium, X 1100. Figs. 8-8a. Detail of tips of perithecia, x 1100. Fig. 9. Basal cell of mature individual showing
concentric thickenings below nucleus, X 1100. Fig. 10. A spore, x 1100.

Stigmatomyces proboscidea Thaxter. Figs. 11-12. Two mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 13. Detail of an-
theridial appendage, X 1100. Fig. 14. A spore, x 1100.

Stigmatomyces gracilis Thaxter. Figs. 15-16. Two mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 17. A spore, x 1100.
Fig. 18. Detail of antheridial appendage, x 1100.

Stigmatomyces Hydrellie Thaxter. Figs. 19-21. Mature individuals, the first two typical, x 290. Fig. 22.
Detail of antheridial appendage, X 1100. Figs. 23-24. Two views of the tip of the perithecium, x 1100.

462 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Stigmatomyces spiralis Thaxter. Figs. 25-26. Type forms of mature individuals, x 290, Figs. 27-28. Two
spores, X 1100. Fig. 29. Detail of antheridial appendage, * 1100.

Stigmalomyces purpureus Thaxter. Figs. 30-31. Typical form of mature individuals, % 290. Fig. 32. A
common variation, X 290. Fig. 33. A spore, X 1100. Fig. 34-35. Detail of tip of perithecium from different
points of view, X 1100. Fig. 36. Detail of antheridial appendage, * 1100.

Stigmatomyces Scaptomyze Thaxter. Figs. 37-39. Mature individuals. Fig. 37 from California, the rest from
Maine, X 290. Fig.40. Aspore, X 1100. Fig. 41. Detail of antheridial appendage, x 1100.

PLATE XLVII.

Stigmatomyces Limosine Thaxter. Fig.1. A spore, X 1100. Fig.2. Small stout form of mature individuals,
< 290. Figs. 3-4. Two mature individuals of the typical form, * 290. Fig. 5. Detail of antheridial appendage,
< 625. Fig. 6. Mature individual of Californian form, * 290. Fig. 7. Young individual: a trichoygne at the
right with adherent antherozoids, * 1100.

Stigmatomyces Papuanus Thaxter. Fig. 8. A spore, 1100. Figs. 9-12. Mature individuals illustrating
variations, X 290. Fig. 18. Detail of antheridial appendage, 1100.

Stigmatomyces dubius Thaxter. Fig. 14. A Spore, x 1100. Figs. 15-17. Mature individuals, x 290. Fig.
18. Detail of antheridial appendage, 1100.

Stigmatomyces micrandrus Thaxter. Fig. 19. A spore, X 1100. Figs. 20-21. Mature individuals, 290.
Figs. 22-23. Detail of antheridial appendages from opposite sides, <X 1100. Fig. 24. Tip of perithecium, x 1100.

Stigmatomyces rugosus Thaxter. Figs. 25-26. Type form from Ralum, X 290. Fig. 27. Detail of antheri-
dium from Ralum form, < 1100. Fig. 28. Mature individual from Puyallup, Washington, x 290.

Stigmatomyces humilis Thaxter. Figs. 29-30. Two mature individuals, <x 290. Figs. 31-32. Detail of an-
theridial appendages, 1100.

PLATE XLVIII.

Arthrorhynchus Cyclopodie Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature individual showing lateral view of ascogenic cells: the
rhizoids broken from the haustorial cell, x 290. Fig. 2. Mature individual showing its relation to the integument
and body cavity ofthe host; a few of the rhizoids which form a tangled mass indicated semidiagrammatically, 290.
Fig. 3. Detail of antheridial appendage, X 625. Fig. 4. Detail of tip of perithecium seen partly in optical section
showing the four papillae which surround the ostiole, X 625. Fig. 5. Detail of tip of perithecium showing outer
bifid protuberances, X 625. Fig. 6. Aspore, X 625.

Arthrorhynchus Nycteribie (Peyritsch.). Fig. 7. Mature individual showing its relation to the integument of
host; the perithecium shown in optical section except at its tip, X 290. Fig. 8. Mature individual, the perithecium
shown in surface view, X 290. Fig. 9. Detail of antheridial appendage, X 625. Fig. 10. Tip of perithecium in
detail, X 625.

Arthrorhynchus Eucampsipode Thaxter. Fig. 11. Mature individual from which the rhizoidal apparatus has
been broken; the asci are seen end on in several rows the ascogenic cell lying behind, X 290, Fig. 12. Tip of peri-
thecium in detail, X 625. Fig. 13. Detail of tip of perithecium seen in optical section, X 625. Fig. 14. Detail of
antheridial appendage.

PLATE XLIX.

Teratomyces Zealandica Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Anterior and posterior views of mature individuals, < 290. Fig.
3. Portion of an appendage with branchlet bearing two antheridia, * 1100.

Teratomyces Philontht Thaxter. Figs. 4-5. Mature individuals, x 290.

Teratomyces petiolatus Thaxter. Fig. 7. Mature individuals, x 290.

Stigmatomyces Diopsis Thaxter. Figs. 8-9. Two mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 10. Detail of antheridial
appendage, X 1100. ;

Stigmatomyces Limnophore Thaxter. Figs. 11-12. Two individuals not quite mature, xX 290. Fig. 13.
Detail of antheridial appendage, x 1100.

Stigmatomyces Sarcophage Thaxter. Fig. 14. Detail of antheridial appendage, * 1100. Fig. 15. Mature
individuals; short form, < 290. Fig. 16. Mature individual of typical form, x 290. Fig. 17. Unisexual indi-
vidual (male) illustrating partial atrophy in one member of a spore pair, X 290.

Stigmatomyces pauperculus Thaxter. Fig. 18. Mature individual, x 290. Fig. 19. Detail of antheridial
appendage, 1100.

Stigmatomyces Venezucle Thaxter. Figs. 20-21. Two mature individuals, x 290.

Stigmatomyces Baeri Peyritsch. Fig. 22. Detail of antheridium, X 1100. Figs. 23-24. Two mature individ-
uals (Vienna), < 290,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 463

PLATE L.

Sphaleromyces Latone Thaxter, Figs. 1-2. Mature individuals, * 290. Fig. 3. Immature individuals,
x 290.

Corethromyces purpurascens Thaxter, Figs. 4-5. Two mature individuals, * 290.

Corethromyces Stilici Thaxter. Figs. 6-8. Mature individuals, * 290. Fig. 9. Young individual showing
seriate arrangement of antheridia, * 600.

Corethromyces longicaulis Thaxter. Figs. 10-11. Two mature individuals, % 290.

Teratomyces insignis Thaxter, Fig. 12. Typical form of mature individual. % 290. Fig. 13. Variety with
colorless receptacle, 290.

Symplectromyces vulgaris Thaxter. Figs. 14-15. Mature individuals with one and four perithecia respectively ,
< 290. Fig. 16. Young individual showing antheridia and sterile appendages, * 600.

PLATE LI.

Corethromyces Brazilianus Thaxter, Fig. 1. Large form from Columbia, x 290. Fig. 2. Typical form from
Brazil, X 290.

Corethromyces Cryptobii Thaxter. Fig. 3. Well developed individual from Kansas, * 290.

Eucorethromyces Apotomi Thaxter. Figs. 4-5. Mature individual from Europe. The appendages more or
less broken, < 290. Fig. 6. Appendage of younger individual from Celebes, showing solitary and clustered an-
theridia, x 600.

Stichomyces Conosome Thaxter. Figs. 7-9. Mature individuals variously developed, X 290. Fig.10. Young
individual showing production of antheridia from primary axis, < 625.

Stichomyces Stilict Thaxter. Figs. 11-12. Mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 13. Portion of axis showing
antheridia, < 1100. Fig. 14. Pair of spores, x 1100.

Ecteinomyces Trichopterophilus Thaxter. Figs. 15-16. Two normal somewhat elongated individuals, « 300.
Fig. 17. Small stout individual in which the receptacle has failed to elongate, * 300. Fig. 18. Young individual
showing trichogynes and antheridia, x 300.

PLATE LII.

Sphaleromyces Chiriquensis Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Mature individuals, the appendages somewhat broken, * 290.

Sphaleromyces Brachyderi Thaxter. Figs 3-5. Two mature individuals, « 290.

Sphaleromyces atropurpureus Thaxter. Figs. 6-7. Mature individuals; the appendages badly broken, < 290.

Sphaleromyces Quedionuchi Thaxter. Figs. 8-9. Two mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 10. Detail of tip of
perithecium, X 625.

Sphaleromyces obtusus Thaxter. Figs. 11-13. Mature individuals, x 290.

Sphaleromyces propinquus Thaxter. Figs. 14-15. Two mature individuals, x 290. Fig. 16. Detail of tip of
perithecium, < 1100.

Sphaleromyces Indicus Thaxter. Figs. 17-18. Two mature individuals the appendages somewhat broken, <
290.

Rhizomyces crispatus Thaxter. Fig. 19. Mature individual of Type form, x 290. Fig. 20. A variety with
differently shaped perithecium, < 290. Fig. 21. Detail of antheridial branchlet, « 625.

Rhizomyces gibbosus Thaxter. Figs. 22-23. Two mature individuals. Fig. 22 showing relation of basal cell
to integument of host. The rhizoidal apparatus broken off in both specimens, 290.

PLATE LIT.

Laboulbenia exigua Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature type, x 260.

Laboulbenia proliferans var. atrata Thaxter. Fig. 2. Large form occurring on Luchlenius trochantericus Kolbe,
x 150.

Laboulbenia proliferans var. interposita Thaxter. Fig. 3. Individual on Chlenius from Angola, Africa, show-
ing partly blackened bases of appendages, X 150. Fig. 4. Individual on Chlenius from Delagoa Bay, 150.

Laboulbenia proliferans var. cincta Thaxter. Fig. 5. Type form on Craspidophorus adequatus Kolbe. Africa,
x 150.

Laboulbenia proliferans var. divaricata Thaxter. Fig.6. Type on Chlenius from Sandakan, N. Borneo, X 150.
Fig. 7. Individual on Rhembus levis Lesne from Java, X 150.

Laboulbenia Craspedophori Thaxter. Fig. 8. Individual on Panageus Symei from Old Calabar Africa, X 150.
Fig. 9. Detail of antheridial branch with insertion cell, x 625.

464 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Laboulbenia humilis Thaxter. Fig. 10. Type on Chlenius cyaniceps Bates from Hong Kong, X 263.

Laboulbenia Brachionychi Thaxter. Fig.11. Individual on Brachionychus sp. from Cochin China, ¥ 150. Fig.
12. Detail of antheridial branchlets, 600.

Laboulbenia subterranea Thaxter. Fig. 13. Form on Stilicus geniculatus from England, * 263. Fig. 14.
Individual on Trechus micros Herbst. from Hungary, X 263. Fig. 15. Form on Trechus sp. Berlin Mus. No. 880,
xX 263.

Laboulbenia Atlantica Thaxter. Fig. 16. Typeon Lathrobium multipunctatum, * 263. Fig. 17. Form on
Gargus Schaumti, X 263.

Laboulbenia bidentata Thaxter. Figs. 18-19. Mature individuals, * 263. Fig. 20. Detail of tip of perit he-
cium, < 1100.

PLATE LIV.

Laboulbenia obtusa Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature Type, 280.

Laboulbenia intermedia Thaxter. Figs. 2-3. Two type specimens showing the appearance of the tips of the
perithecium from opposite sides, the blackened external branch broken in both, * 260.

Laboulbenia Afrogenidii Thaxter. Fig. 4. Mature individual, the appendages considerably broken, & 260.
Fig. 5. Young individual with tuft of antheridia, « 625.

Laboulbenia Pseudomasci Thaxter. Fig. 6. Mature Type, X 260.

Laboulbenia Madeire Thaxter. Fig. 7. Type form, xX 260.

Laboulbenia pallida Thaxter. Figs. 8-9. Two individuals showing variation in appendages, 260.

Laboulbenia Oedodactyli Thaxter. Fig. 10. The Type with simple outer appendage, 260.

Laboulbenia Ophoni Thaxter. Fig. 11. The Type on Ophonus sulphuripes, Italy < 260.

Laboulbenia Oopteri Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type: external branchlet broken off, x 260.

Laboulbenia Coptee Thaxter. X 260. Fig. 13. The Type.

Laboulbenia Orthomi Thaxter. Fig. 14. The type form of compact habit, x 260. Fig. 15. A more elongate
variety, X 260.

Laboulbenia Stomonaxi Thaxter. Figs. 16-17. Two individuals, the perithecium of one containing mature
spores, X 260.

Laboulbenia melanaria Thaxter. Fig. 18. The Type from Ophonus germanus, Portugal, * 260.

Laboulbenia Drypte Thaxter. Fig. 19. The Type, xX 260.

Laboulbenia erecta Thaxter. Fig. 20. Individual from Colpodes evanscens, Mexico, * 260. Fig. 21. Type on
C. agilis from same locality, * 260.

PLATE LV.

Laboulbenia dubia Thaxter. Fig. 1. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Darwinii Thaxter. Fig.2. Type on Pachyteles, Brazil, Hope Collection No. 285, 260.

Laboulbenia olivacea Thaxter. Fig. 3. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Anaplogenti Thaxter. Fig. 4. The Type on Anaplogenius, China, X 260. Fig. 5. Unusually
well developed individual on Stenolophus from Cambridge, in which the segments of the branches are distally
swollen, but which was associated with individuals normal in this respect, 260.

Laboulbenia Platyprosopi Thaxter. Fig. 6. Type form, X 260.

Laboulbenia Rougetii Robin var. Japanensis Thaxter. Fig. 7. Typical form reduced as compared with other
figures on the plate, * 150.

Laboulbenia Rougetii Robin. var. Chinensis Thaxter. Fig. 8. Type form, reduced, x 150.

Laboulbenia bilabiata Thaxter. Fig. 9. The Type, < 260.

Laboulbenia Anchonoderi Thaxter. Fig. 10. Type on Anchonoderus subeneus from Panama, X 260. Fig. 11.
Form on A. binotatus from Guatemala, * 260.

Laboulbenia Pericalli Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Euchile Thaxter. Figs. 13-14. Two type specimens, X 260.

Laboulbenia Thyreopteri Thaxter. Fig. 15. Variety from Borneo, X 260. (See Plate LXIV, fig. 15, for nor-
mal type.)

PLATE LVI.

Laboulbenia insularis Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature Type, X 260. Fig. 2. Young individual showing full devel-
opment of outer appendage, * 460.
Laboulbenia Latone Thaxter. Figs. 3-4. Two well marked variations, X 260,

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE/. 465

Laboulbenia Loxandri Thaxter. Fig. 5. The Type, * 260.

Laboulbenia Columbiana Thaxter. Fig.6. The Type on hairs from elytra of host, % 260, Fig. 7. A large form
from the abdomen of host, possibly a distinct species, * 260.

Laboulbenia Bledii Thaxter. Figs. 8 & 10. Individuals on Bledius jacobinus from California, % 260. Fig. 9.
Form on B, basalis from Florida, * 260. ;

Laboulbenia pedicillata Thaxter. Fig. 11. Form on Dyschirius thoracicus from Europe, * 260.

Laboulbenia Ege Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia notata Thaxter. Fig. 13. The Type, x 150.

Laboulbenia acanthophora Thaxter. Fig. 14. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Tachyis Thaxter. Fig. 15. Individual on Tachys from Cambridge, * 260.

Laboulbenia verrucosa Thaxter, Fig. 16. The Type, * 260.

Laboulbenia microscopica Thaxter. Fig. 17. The Type, x 460.

Laboulbenia Chiriquensis Thaxter. Fig. 18. The Type on Callida scintillans, * 260.

PLATE LVII.

Laboulbenia Hawaiiensis Thaxter. Fig.1. Individual on Colpodiscus tantalus from Oahu, * 260. Fig. 2. The
Type on Metromenus ero, from Maui, * 260. Fig. 3. Small form on Mecyclothorax pusillus from Maui, * 260.

Laboulbenia sphyriopsis Thaxter. Fig. 5. Type form on Metromenus epicurus, * 260.

Laboulbenia Disenochi Thaxter. Fig. 4. Form on Disenochus sulcipennis from Kaui of a type similar to that
of L. Hawaiiensis, < 260. Fig. 6. Form on Anchonemus agonoides from Maui, X 260. Fig. 7. The Type on
Disenochus sulcipennis from Kaui, 260.

Laboulbenia cauliculata Thaxter. Fig. 8. Type on Colpodiscus posticatus, var. concolor Kaui, < 260. Fig.
9. On Metromenus sp. (No. 1246) from Kaui, X 260. Fig. 10. Individual from Metromenus fraudator, Maui,
x 260.

Laboulbenia cauliculata, var. prolixa Thaxter. Fig.11. Type on Mesothriscus tricolor, * 260.

Laboulbenia cauliculata, var. spectabilis Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type on Metromenus mutabilis, x 260.

PLATE LVIII.

Laboulbenia spiralis Thaxter. Fig. 1. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Megalonychi Thaxter. Fig. 2. The Type with pendent inner appendages, * 260.

Laboulbenia obliquata Thaxter. Fig.3. The Type, < 260.

Laboulbenia concinna Thaxter. Fig 4. Mature individual, x 260.

Laboulbenia flaccida Thaxter. Fig. 5. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Planetis Thaxter. Fig. 6. The Type, < 260.

Laboulbenia Eudalie Thaxter. Fig. 7. Mature individual in which the primary branch of the outer append-
age is broken off, X 260. Fig. 8. Young individual showing structure of outer appendage, 260.

Laboulbenia Ceylonensis Thaxter. Fig. 9. The Type in which part of the outer appendage is broken off, * 260.
Fig. 10. Part of young individual showing the outer appendage, X 260.

Laboulbenia Helluodis Thaxter. Fig. 11. The Type in which the outer appendage is partly broken, x 260. Fig.
12. Young individual showing the appendages unbroken, < 260.

Laboulbenia Tenodeme Thaxter. Fig. 13. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Formicarum Thaxter. Fig. 14. The Type much enlarged, X 625. Fig. 15. Individual mag-
nified as in the other species represented on this plate showing its relatively small size, X 260.

PLATE LIX.

Laboulbenia separata Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Two mature individuals the magnification greater than that of the
other figures on this plate, < 380.

Laboulbenia corethropsis Thaxter. Figs. 3-6. Forms from Miscelus Javanus from Java showing variation, X
225.

Laboulbenia protrudens Thaxter. Figs. 7-8. Two type forms, X 225.

Laboulbenia forficulata Thaxter. Figs. 9-10. Mature individual in which the appendages are variously broken,
< 225. Fig.11. Young individual.

Laboulbenia fissa Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type on Pericallus flavoguttatus. Hope Coll. No. 278, X 225. Wig.
13. Individual on P. guttatus. Hope Coll. No. 301, X 225.

Laboulbenia prominens Thaxter. Fig.14. The Type, x 225.

466 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Laboulbenia distincta Thaxter. Figs. 15-16. The Type and a young individual, 225.
Laboulbenia Maylayensis Thaxter. Figs. 17-18. Mature Types seen from opposite sides, X 225.
Laboulbenia Misceli Thaxter. Figs. 19-20. The Types, x 225.

Laboulbenia maculata Thaxter. Fig.21. Mature Type, X 225. Fig.22. Young individual, * 225.
Laboulbenia Serrimarginis Thaxter. Fig. 23. The Type, X 225.

Laboulbenia imitans Thaxter. Figs. 24-25. Types, X 225. Fig. 26. Young individual, * 225.

PLATE LX.

Laboulbenia tuberculijera Thaxter. Figs. 1-3. Three individuals from different points of view, X 225.

Laboulbenia Platystoma Thaxter. Fig. 4. The Type, 225. Fig. 5. Detail of tip of perithecium, * 650.

Laboulbenia corrugata Thaxter. Fig. 6. The Type, X 225. Figs. 7-8. Details of the tip of the perithecium
from opposite sides, 650.

Laboulbenia leucophea Thaxter. Figs. 9-10. The Types seen from opposite sides, X 225. Fig. 11. Detail
of tip of perithecium, 650.

Laboulbenia microsoma Thaxter. Fig. 12. The type, < 225.

Laboulbenia Sumatre Thaxter. Fig. 13. Mature individual from Catascopus cupripennis, Borneo, X 225.
Fig. 14. The Type on same host from Sumatra, < 225. Figs. 15-16. Detail of tips of two perithecia seen from
opposite sides, < 650.

Laboulbenia Javana Thaxter. Figs.17-18. Mature individuals, x 225. Figs. 19-20. Details of tips of two
perithecia seen from opposite sides, X 650.

Laboulbenia finitima Thaxter. Fig. 21. The Type on Pericallus guttutus from Java, X 225. Fig. 22. Mature
individual on P. cerulescens from Singapore, X 225. Fig. 23. Variety found with the last on same host, & 225.

Laboulbenia tenuis Thaxter. Figs. 24-25. Types on Miscelus from New Guinea, X 225. Fig. 26. Large form
on Catascopus from Assam., India, X 225.

Laboulbenia aristata Thaxter. Figs. 27-28. The Types, X 225. Fig. 29. Tip of perithecium enlarged, X 650.

Laboulbenia subconstricta Thaxter. Figs. 30-31. The Types, < 225.

Laboulbenia Ceratophora Thaxter. Figs. 32-33. The Types on Miscelus from New Guinea, X 225. Figs.
34-35. Detail of tips of perithecia seen from opposite sides, X 650.

Laboulbenia Assamensis Thaxter. Figs. 36-37. The Types, X 225. Figs. 38-39. Detail of tips of perithecia
from different points of view, 650.

PLATE LXI.

Laboulbenia Papuana Thaxter. Fig. 1. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia insignis Thaxter. Fig.2. The Type: the tips of the branchlets are mostly broken, < 260.

Laboulbenia Lebie Thaxter. Fig.3. The Type growing at the base of the posterior legs, x 260. Fig. 4.
Smaller form growing on legs, X 260.

Laboulbenia Clivinalis Thaxter. Fig. 5. The Type on Clivina collaris from England, x 260. Fig. 6. An
individual from Clivina fossor showing secondary divisions of cell V and of the lower cells of the appendages, x 260.

Laboulbenia Oedichiri Thaxter. Fig. 7. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia dentifera Thaxter. Fig. 8. Unique Type, < 260.

Laboulbenia pallescens Thaxter. Fig. 9. Type on Clivina jasciata from Guatemala, X 260. Fig. 10. An
individual from C. dilutipennis from Mexico, 260.

Laboulbenia barbata Thaxter. Fig. 11. The Type on Morio Georgiae from Mexico, < 260.

Laboulbenia Madagascarensis Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type, X 260.

Laboulbenia uncinata Thaxter. Fig. 13. Individual on Harpalus sp. from York, Maine, < 260.

PLATE LXII.

Laboulbenia Trichognathi Thaxter. Fig. 1. The Type, a mature specimen, X 150. Fig. 2. Younger indi-
vidual, * 150.

Laboulbenia media Thaxter. Fig. 3. The Type, X 260. Fig. 4. Detail of antheridial branch, X 625.

Laboulbenia speciosa Thaxter. Fig. 5. The Type on Galerita wnicolor from Brazil, < 260.

Laboulbenia pygmaca Thaxter. Fig. 6. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia adunca Thaxter. Fig. 7. Type, X 260. Figs. 8-9. Detail of the tips of the perithecium from
opposite sides, X 625.

Laboulbenia minimalis Thaxter. Figs. 10-11. Two individuals on Galerita from Guyaquil, x 260.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 467

Laboulbenia curvata Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type, * 260.

Laboulbenia bicolor Thaxter, Fig. 13. Form on Galerita carbonaria from Brazil, ~ 260. Fig. 14. The Type
on Galerita sp. from Venezuela, X 260. Fig. 15. Detail of antheridial branch, * 625.

Laboulbenia Colpodis Thaxter. Fig. 16. The Type, * 260.

Laboulbenia corniculala Thaxter. Fig. 17. The Type, * 260.

PLATE LXIII.

Laboulbenia Cafii Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature individual from southern California, x 260. Fig. 2. Young in-
dividual with trichogyne, < 260.

Laboulbenia Texana, var. pendula Thaxter. Fig. 3. The Type, * 150.

Laboulbenia Texana var. wucurvata Thaxter. Fig. 4. The Type, * 150.

Laboulbenia Texana var. rostellala Thaxter. Fig. 5. Type on Brachinus geniculatus from Montevideo, * 150.

Laboulbenia Texana var. retusa Thaxter. Fig. 6. The Type from Florida, x 150.

Laboulbenia Texana var. Oaxacana Thaxter. Fig. 7. Unique Type, * 150.

Laboulbenia Texana, var. suffusa Thaxter. Fig.8. The Type, X 150.

Laboulbenia Texana var. tibialis Thaxter. Fig. 9. The Type, * 150.

Laboulbenia tortuosa Thaxter. Fig. 10. The Type, x 225.

Laboulbenia Ozenae Thaxter. Fig. 11. The Type, x 225.

Laboulbenia punctulata Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type, * 225.

Laboulbenia Helluomorphae Thaxter. Fig. 13. Individual from Pleuracanthus brevicollis from Surinam, 225.
Fig. 14. The Type on Hellwomorpha melanaria from the Amazon, X 225.

Loboulbenia triordinata Thaxter. Fig. 15. The Type on Cordistes bicinctus from Columbia, * 150.

Laboulbema angularis Thaxter. Fig. 16. The Type, x 225. Fig. 17. Detail of tip of perithecium from an-
other individual, * 625.

Laboulbenia perplera Thaxter. Fig. 18. Type form, x 260.

PLATE LXIV.

Laboulbenia incerta Thaxter, Fig. 1. Mature individual, Brazil, * 260.

Laboulbenia geniculata Thaxter. Fig. 2. The type from Rosario, Argentina, < 260. Fig. 3. Tip of perithe-
cium enlarged, < 625.

Laboulbenia fusiformis Thaxter. Fig. 4. The type from Brazil, x 150.

Laboulbenia subpunctata Thaxter. Fig. 5. Mature individual from the Amazon, X 260. Fig. 6. Type from
Rosario, Argentina, < 260.

Laboulbenia punctata Thaxter. Fig. 7. Type from Venezuela.

Laboulbenia Pheropsophi Thaxter. Fig. 8. Eastern variety from Java, x 260. Fig. 9. Group of antheridia
of the same, X 625.

Laboulbenia longicollis Thaxter. Fig. 10. Perfect individual from Mt. Coffee, Liberia, Africa, 260.

Laboulbenia decipiens Thaxter. Fig.11. Variety from the Amazon, X 260. Fig.12. The typical small South
American form from Columbia, x 260.

Laboulbenia producta Thaxter. Fig. 13. Fully matured individual from an undetermined host in the Museo
Nacional at Buenos Aires, X 260. Fig. 14. A younger individual from Columbia, x 260.

Laboulbenia Thyreopterit Thaxter. Fig. 15. The type from Port Natal, Africa, x 225.

Laboulbenia heterocheila Thaxter. Fig. 16. Detail of the tip of the perithecium of a mature individual from
Timor, East Indies, 625.

PLATE LXV.

Laboulbenia Polyhirme Thaxter. Fig. 1. Short stout form on Polyhirma sp. from Tangar, Africa, < 260.
Fig. 2. Form with peculiarly differentiated tip on P. hamijera from Zanzibar, X 260. Fig. 3. The Type from
Tangar, X 260.

Laboulbenia orientalis Thaxter. Fig. 4. Form with well developed appendages but not fully mature on Brachi-
nus scotomedes from Japan, < 150. Fig. 5. Small curved form on B. Chinensis, Hong Kong, on inferior surface of
prothorax, < 260.

Laboulbenia pusilla Thaxter. Fig 6. The Type, < 260.

Laboulbenia Japonica Thaxter. Fig.7. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia rhinophora Thaxter. Fig. 8. The Type: a mature individual in which the appendages are almost
wholly broken off, < 260. Fig.9, A young individual in which the appendages are almost intact, < 260.

468 THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE.

Laboulbenia equatorialis Thaxter. Fig. 10. The Type, x 150. Fig.11. Portion of appendage enlarged show-
ing character and origin of the antheridial branchlets and the antheridia, > 500.

Laboulbenia falcata Thaxter. Fig. 12. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia celestialis Thaxter. Fig. 13. The Type on Drypta lincola from China, * 260. Fig. 14. Variety
on Dichranonchus sp. from Japan, * 260.

_Laboulbenia Asiatica Thaxter. Fig. 15. Typical form, x 260.

PLATE LXVI.

Laboulbenia gibbijfera Thaxter. Fig.1. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Dercyli Thaxter. Fig. 2. The Type, X 260. Fig. 3. Insertion-cells of young individual show-
ing detail of appendages, * 461.

Laboulbenia melanopus Thaxter. Fig.4. Mature individual with the appendages much broken, X 260. -Fig. 5.
Distal portion of a young individual showing the appendages in better condition, < 461.

Laboulbenia Acrogenys Thaxter. Figs. 6-7. The Types, < 260. Fig. 8. Portion of an antheridial branch
enlarged, X 625.

Laboulbenia Italica Thaxter. Fig. 9. The Type, X 260. Fig. 10. An antheridial branchlet enlarged, x 625.

Laboulbenia Cubensis Thaxter. Fig.11. The Type, x 260. Fig.12. Tip of the perithecium in a larger speci-
men seen from the opposite side, X 260. Fig. 13. An appendage showing the insertions of numerous branchlets,
x 461.

Laboulbenia anomala Thaxter. Fig.14. The Type: itsappendages somewhat broken, X 260. Fig.15. Young
individual from the Zambesi, < 260.

Laboulbenia constricta Thaxter. Fig. 16. Mature individual, < 260.

Laboulbenia coarctata Thaxter, Fig. 17. Mature individual, x 260.

Laboulbenia aquatica Thaxter. Fig. 18. The Type, < 260. Fig. 19. An appendage with antheridia, x 615.

Laboulbenia strangulata Thaxter. Fig. 20. The Type from Timor, X< 260.

PLATE LXVII.

Laboulbenia bicornis Thaxter. Fig.1. The Type, x 260. Fig.2. Posterior view of tip of perithecium, x 460.

Laboulbenia dactylophora Thaxter. Fig. 3. Small form on Orectogyros ornaticollis from Madagascar, X 260.
Fig. 4. The Type on O. specularis from the Gold Coast, Africa, < 260.

Laboulbenia drepanalis Thaxter. Fig. 5. The Type from the Amazon, its appendages almost wholly broken
off. Fig. 6. A smaller form from Bugaba, Mexico, < 260.

Laboulbenia denticulata Thaxter. Fig. 7. The Type, X 260. Fig.8. Branch of an appendage, X 625. Fig. 9.
Tip of the perithecium from opposite side to that seen in fig. 7, * 625.

Laboulbenia Orechtochili Thaxter. Fig. 10. Individual on Orechtochilus oblongiusculus from Pedong having
but two appendages, X 260. Fig. 11. The Type on O. cordatus, x 260.

Laboulbenio denticulata Thaxter Var. Fig. 12. Mature individual on Macrogyrus elongatus from New Guinea,
< 260. Fig. 13. Detail of tip of perithecium, x 461.

Laboulbenia fallax Thaxter. Fig. 14. The Type. The tips of some of the appendages are supplied, x 260.
Fig. 15. An appendages with the insertions of two broken branchlets, * 625.

Laboulbenia rotundata Thaxter. Fig. 16. The Type, x 260.

Laboulbenia Dineutis Thaxter. Fig. 17. The Type. A small individual on Dineutes sp. from Pondicherry,
< 260. Fig.18. Detail of the tip of the perithecium, « 625.

Laboulbenia chetophora Thaxter. Fig. 19. The Type, x 260.

PLATE LXVIII.

Hydrophilomyces rhyncophorus Thaxter. Figs. 1-2. Two mature individuals seen from different points of
view and varying in the development of their receptacles. The terminal portions of the appendages are in part
broken, X 270. Fig. 3. Basal portion of an appendage in a young individual showing structures supposed to be
antheridia. Fig. 4. A supposed antheridium enlarged.

Rhyncophoromyces elephantinus Thaxter. Fig. 5. The type, x 230.

Ceratomyces Californicus Thaxter. Fig. 6. A perfect mature individual from Maine, X 290. Fig. 7. The
type from California, x 290.

Autoicomyces acuminatus Thaxter. Fig. 8. The type, X 290.

THAXTER. — MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE. 469

PLATE LXIX.

Ceratomyces curvatus Thaxter. Fig. 1. The type, * 270.

Ceralomyces cladophorus Thaxter. Fig. 2. Mature type, x 270.

Hydrophilomyces reflecus Thaxter. Fig. 3. The type showing bulbous insertion.

Ceratomyces ansatus Thaxter. Fig. 4. The type from Brazil, x 270. Fig. 56. Individual from Florida with
distal branchlets developed from the appendages, X< 270.

Ceratomyces procerus Thaxter. Fig. 6. The Type, from Brazil.

Autoicomyces ornithocephalus Thaxter. Figs. 7-8. Mature individuals seen from opposite sides, X 290. Fig.
9. Spore, X 500.

PLATE LXX.

Rhynchophoromyces denticulatus Thaxter. Fig. 1. Mature individual, x 270.

Ceratomyces Braziliensis Thaxter. Fig. 2. The Type, x 270.

Ceratomyces Mexicanus Thaxter. Fig. 3. The Type, x 270.

Ceratomyces Floridanus Thaxter. Fig. 4. The Type, x 270.

Ceratomyces spinigerus Thaxter. Fig. 5. The Type, X 270. Fig. 6. Posterior view of the tip of the perithe-
cium, X 600.

Misgomyces Stomonaxi Thaxter. Figs. 7-8. The Types, x 290. Fig.8. Young individual.

Misgomyces Dyschirii Thaxter. Figs. 9-10. Mature individuals, x 290.

PLATE LXXI.

Distichomyces Leptochiri Thaxter. Figs. 1-3. Mature individuals of various form, <X 290. Fig. 4. Young
individual with primary terminal appendage and single antheridial branch at left, x 625. Fig. 5. An antheridial
branch with terminal group of six antheridia, x 1800. Fig.6. Younger individual showing the first division in the
subbasal cell, x 1090.

Coreomyces curvatus Thaxter. Fig. 7. Mature individual, x 290. Fig. 8. Young individual. Portion above
appendiculate cells before the endogenous formation of the procarp has begun, X 625. Fig.9. A later stage in which
the branches destined to form the procarp and the endogenous perithecium have begun to arise distally from the
third cell and are growing into the cavity of the fourth, X 625. Fig. 10. A later stage of the same in which the
procarpic branch having outstripped the others has grown through the cells above and is about to perforate the tip,
< 625. Fig. 11. A later stage showing the antheridial appendages below and the procarpic branch above, which has
perforated the terminal cell and has formed a short branched trichogyne, < 625. Fig. 12. A similar stage en-
larged showing the origin of the procarp and of a sterile branch, wall-cell branch, from a common basal cell, <
1060. Fig. 13. One of the antheridial branches showing the formation of antherozoids from undifferentiated cells
of the branch, X 1060. Fig. 14. Rhizoid-like foot spreading on surface of wing, X 1060. Fig. 15. Spore, x 615.

Coreomyces Corise Thaxter. Fig.16. Mature individual, x 290. Fig.17. Young individual before develop-
ment of perithecial or procarpic branch, X 500. Fig.18. Spore, x 625.

Autoicomyces falciferus Thaxter. Fig.19. Mature individual, x 290.

Kainomyces Isomali Thaxter. Figs. 20-21. Mature individuals, <x 290. Fig. 22. Young individual with
two perithecigerous branches beginning to develop at the right, < 500.

Euzodiomyces Lathrobii Thaxter. Fig.23. The Type, < 290.

34
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PLATE XXVIII.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XilI

PLATE XXIX.

Nee

os ae) Be

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

XXX

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

A RTS TE AIS

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

XXX

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

PLATE XXXII

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE XXXII.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

PLATE XXXIV,

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE. BOSTON.

VOL, XIII. PLATE XXXV.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY.

LABOULBENIACEAE

THAXTER

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

PLATE XXXVI.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

PLATE XX XVII

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

PLATE XXXVIII.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE XXXIX.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER—LABOULBENIACEAE

PLATE XL.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

“ae”

REE Ss
Stee stra oe!

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

PLATE XLI.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

LABOULBENIACEAE

THAXTER

COCKAYNE, BOSTON,

XLII.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

ALI.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

XLIV.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

PLATE XLV

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIll.

THAXTER— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY, VOL. XIII. PLATE XLVI

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER —LABOULBENIACEAE

PLATE XLVII

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,—L ABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON,

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE XLVIII.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER,—LABOULBENIACEAE

PLATE XLIX.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

PLATE, ‘L,

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

PLATE LI

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII,

THAXTER.— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

Lil.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

LIN.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

LIV.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

LY;

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE LVI.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER —LABOULBENIACEAE

LVII.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE LVilII.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER —LABOULBENIACEAE

LIX.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

LX.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY, VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

LXl

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XiIll. PLATE LXII

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PGi ae

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j

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER —LABOULBENIACEAE

L XII.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

LXIYV.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

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MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE LXY.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER— LABOULBENIACEAE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE LXVI.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER —LABOULBENIACEAE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE L XVI}.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

LXVIII.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

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ates

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THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

LXIX.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

THAXTER — LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII. PLATE LXX

COCKAYNE, BOSTON. THAXTER— LABOULBENIACEAE

L XXI.

PLATE

MEMOIRS AMERICAN ACADEMY. VOL. XIII.

aver OT

THAXTER,— LABOULBENIACEAE

COCKAYNE, BOSTON.

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