ky 4, y Mie Mes shi Pein #4 a ath 2% ed A oa aR HS? de Ut No. 129. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Paar reee ive OLOGY On PORTO eens BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER, Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. From the Report of the United States National Museum for 1902, pages 549-724, with one plate, ear 7HSOS < Tiny t* ee WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. P aea 1 1904. Report of U. S. National Museum, 1902.—Stejneger. PLATE 1. ANOLIS KRUGI. DRAWN BY MISS SIGRID BENTZON FROM A SKETCH FROM LIFE BY THE AUTHOR. THE HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER, Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page VPM ROO Coy AKON Ae eee Se Ea Pcs de Me hag te ae Rg ee ee 553 PRSHORICAl LG Wie wie 2em oy ee 3 ea wee nae 8 ie ere Se 2 ei oe 556 Distribution of species occurring in Porto Rico (table) ........--------------- 560 Relations and origin of the Porto Rican herpetological fauna ........--.--.-- 561 RieemerrdisitibwtiOMe 22-2022 22 ko 2 Py ace se steers = ee ee ee ee 565 Pam EN ERP Upaeeey et cee ee Oe eis Se EPs See ay ey Re ee 567 iBatrachians and reptiles'of Porto (Rico\. . 222.22... 2022222 3-222 ose sess oY GTS S/S SE Hin) GLO aL eae ieee ean ee a Pa oa i eee a 569 (ON SPSS TRA) U1 AT Tae ee ae in ee 7 Nees et ee ae aR 599 cacao ices eit Meta ee errs Aen C2 eo Se ee ae NE i 599 SSE OTOH OSU APS EPIL Te ee oe a ee cy eR Pea 599 Sulberder Serpontess ster wen! aie ee oe an ee ee 683 Cincher © Ine homie eg sats Sok asa Le LoD ee ll er ae 707 LOTUS in 2 ce eat en UE PRR) gt Se eg Re Sc Fe a 721 551 THE HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. By LroNHARD STEJNEGER, ° Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. INTRODUCTION. The present account of the herpetology of Porto Rico is based primarily upon the collections recently accumulated in the United States National Museum, consisting of about 900 specimens. Of this large amount of material nearly 350 specimens were collected by Mr. A. B. Baker, of the National Zoological Park, who accompanied the U. S. Fish Commission expedition to Porto Rico during the early part of 1899, and the other naturalists then attached to the /7sh [Hawhk.4 About 540 specimens were secured in 1900 by Dr. C. W. Richmond and the present writer, who visited Porto Rico and Vieques from February 12 to April 19. This number includes various specimens collected then or shortly afterwards at our request by other persons, among whom may be mentioned Dr. A. Stahl, of Bayamon, Porto Rico; Mr. L. M. McCormick, of New York; Mr. B. 8. Bowdish, of New York, and Mr. Charles E. Adams. It may be added that the National Museum during 1901 employed Mr. B. 8. Bowdish for several months in collecting in Porto Rico and Mona Island. The most important result was the discovery of a new species of Anolis in Mona. The trip which I undertook in conjunction with Dr. C. W. Rich- mond, Assistant Curator of -Birds, was primarily for the purpose of collecting specimens characteristic of the West Indian fauna for exhi- bition at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. It was originally our intention to proceed from Porto Rico to the smaller islands on the east and south, but an attack of fever to which we both fell victims prevented us from carrying out our plans. The fever and the long convalescence also seriously interfered with our work in Porto Rico, so that we lost nearly three weeks collecting. “For an account of this expedition see Dr. B. W. Evermann’s General Report on the Investigations in Porto Rico of the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk in 1899, in U. 8S. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1900, pp. 3-25. 553 554 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Our principal and most important collecting was made in the high and wet region of the El Yunque Mountain, near the eastern end of the island. There, at an altitude of 2,978 feet, only about 500 feet below the top, we camped for five days during an almost continuous rain and fog, while an equal length of time was spent on Mr. Agostini’s hospitable coffee plantation on the eastern slope of the same mountain, at an elevation of 886 feet. One of the first reptiles I collected there was a fine specimen of the large Anolis cuvieri, which seems to be quite rare. In the excessively moist climate near the top, in a trop- ical forest of palms and tree ferns covered with dripping moss and air plants, while a dense matting of wet begonias concealed the ground reeking with dampness, we collected a large number of tree toads, some of which turned out to be new species. Here also we saw the new species of Anolis, the gorgeously emerald green A. evermanni, in its greatest glory. Another new species of Anolis we discovered toward the end of our stay in the dry, southern part of the island, in fact, only 3 miles from Ponce, the most important commercial city of the island. The surface of the hills, which rise out of the coastal plain east of the city, is covered with a white, calcareous, marl-like formation, and here we found this species, Anolis poncensis, which belongs to the same group of the genus as A. pulchellus and A. krug. Some time was spent in Utuado in a diligent search for Peters’s Anolis gundlachi, the types of which, now in the museum at Berlin, are said to have been collected at Utuado. We secured only a single young specimen near that town, which is the lowest altitude in which the species seems to occur. In the higher regions of El Yunque and at Adjuntas we found it abundant. That I only obtained one specimen of Celestus plecz, and that we, as well as Mr. Baker and others of the /“sh Hawk party, entirely failed to secure a single specimen of Mabuya sloani is less extraordinary, for doubtless the scarcity of these purely terrestrial species is due to the mongoose, which now infests the whole island and in places ts exceedingly common. ; This ferocious little animal is also responsible for the present com- parative infrequency of snakes in the island. Formerly snakes were common enough, for as late as 1835 Dr. Moritz found them so numer- ous that in places one could hardly make a step without seeing sev- «My own aneroid measurements gave for our camp an altitude of 2,863 feet and for the top of El Yunque 3,351 feet. On the latest map of Porto Rico issued by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (No. 920, December, 1901) the height of El Yunque as obtained by triangulation is given as 1,062 meters, or 3,485 feet, consequently 134 higher than found by me. Accepting the latter altitude as correct, and distribut- ing the error proportionally, the altitude of our camp may be assumed to have been 2,978 feet above sea level. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 555 eral. At present one may traverse the island from one end to the other without getting a glimpse of a single one. The apparent rarity of the toad (Bufo lemur) is probably due less to the mongoose than to its very retired habits and the scarcity of suitable Jocalities. The name Sapo is known to the inhabitants, but in most places is misapplied to the Leptodactylus and the tree toad. Some even knew the name Sapo concho, by which the Porto Rican toad is known specificaily because of the shell-like hardness of the bony head covering, but no one seemed able to give us any informa- tion which would lead to its discovery. Even a large reward which I offered proved ineffective. Dr. Stahl, who, during a residence of more than forty years, had collected assiduously, and to whom the country people used to bring all the natural curiosities they could find, assured us that he himself had never seen the toad in its native haunts, and that altogether only six specimens had been brought him, so that our prospects of finding it were very slight. Mr. Baker and the Fish Commission party had also failed to obtain a single specimen. We were constantly watching for it, and nearly despaired of getting one but finally decided to spend some time in Arecibo as the most likely place for them to occur. Even here we were on the point of giving up our search for the now almost mythical animal, when on the last night of our stay there, after our baggage was packed for our depart- ure the next morning, I became the happy possessor of five fine speci- mens, thanks to the zealous and intelligent assistance of Enrique L. Brascoechea, a young Porto Rican of Aguadilla, a United States tele- graph operator, and at the time temporarily in charge of the telegraph office in Arecibo. During this trip I paid special attention to the colors of the living reptiles and batrachians which I collected, and full descriptions were prepared with Ridgway’s Nomenclator of Colors in hand for reference. These descriptions will be found in the present account under their proper headings. The figures illustrating this paper are mostly the work of Mr. R. G. Paine. A few have been drawn by Miss Sigrid Bentzon. The author wishes to express his obligations to various persons who have assisted in accumulating the material at band, either directly by collecting part of it or indirectly by assisting him while in Porto Rico. Thanks are particularly due to the authorities of the U.S. Fish Commission for the use of the magnificent collections made by the Fish Hawk expedition, and to Mr. A. B. Baker for the zeal and care displayed in getting together the finest collection of reptiles made up to that time in Porto Rico. Iam also under obligations to Mr. Louis McCormick, Mr. B. 8. Bowdish, Mr. Charles E. Adams, and Dr. A. “Stahl, for specimens collected by them in various parts of the island and presented to the National Museum. 556 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. To Prof. Samuel Garman, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts, | am greatly indebted for the loan of various specimens of Porto Rican reptiles. To Dr. G. Pfeffer, curator in the Natural History Museum in Ham- burg, Iam also greatly in debt for the opportunity to examine the Mona Island specimens under his care. Dr. Steinhaus, assistant at the same museum, rendered valuable help during this examination. I wish specially to acknowledge the. assistance received from the military authorities then in charge of the island. Col. John L. Clem, U.S. Army, the chief quartermaster, rendered material help in the matter of transportation, and Lieut. Col. William A. Glassford, U. S. Army, the chief signal officer, has placed us under lasting obligations by his generous and thoughtful assistance in many ways. Finally, I have to thank my associate, Dr. Charles W. Richmond, for active help and cheerful companionship during an expedition which, though offering but little in the way of excitement and adventure, nevertheless was devoid neither of arduous work nor of hardships of various kinds and degrees. HISTORICAL REVIEW. The first attempt at an enumeration of the reptiles and batrachians of Porto Rico is by Mr. Ledru (as he is called on the title-page, or Le Dru, as his name is spelled throughout the book), who accompanied Captain Baudin in 1796 to 1798 on a scientific expedition to Teneriffa, Trinidad, St. Thomas, St. Croix, and Porto Rico, of which he pub- lished an account in two volumes in 1810 (see bibliography). The second yolume contains what purports to be an account of the reptiles occurring in Porto Rico under the following names: (1) Lacerta mon- itor Gm., (2) Lacerta strumosa Gm., (3) Lacerta sputator Gm., (4) Lacerta iguana Gm., (5) Lacerta ameiwa Gm., (6) Lacerta principalis Gin., (7) Lacerta rapicauda Gin., (8) Coluber colubella Gm., (9) Coluber melanocephalus Gm., (10) Boa murina Gm., (11) Rana ocellata Lin.- Gm., (12) Rana arborea Lin. var 2 Rana Americana rubra Seb., Gm. This list is only less amusing than that of the birds and need not be taken seriously. Evidently Ledru, who was a botanist, did not bring home any reptilian specimens.“ He probably made notes of some which he saw and of names which were given him on the island. Consequently it is not worth while to attempt any identification of his names, and no reference is made to them in the synonymies of the species in this paper. To illustrate how worthless the whole account is I may quote his description of the boa, which evidently is meant to be the Epicrates inornatus, a species nearly uniform grayish-brown « Reptiles are not mentioned in the summary of the collections brought to France and deposited in the National Museum at Paris. Vol. II, p. 291. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 557 above and slate-gray beneath, but which according to Ledru has the ‘color on the back agreeably marbled with sea-green; pale and speckled with black on the belly.” The next time we hear of Porto Rican reptiles is in a paper by Dr. C. Moritz,“ who collected insects for the museum in Berlin during four months in the spring of 1835. On page 375 he presents a few general remarks on the reptiles, of no particular interest except that it appears from his account that snakes were much more numerous at that time than at present, for he speaks of places in which one scarcely could make a few steps without seeing several snakes. That he was not much of a herpetologist is evident from his reference to Cecilia, by which he apparently means either Zyphlops or Amphishena. Long before this time, however, a certain Monsieur Plée had also visited Porto Rico, apparently on his way from New York to Mar- tinique. He sent his specimens from the latter place to the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, where the reptiles without any discrim- ination were all credited to Martinique. Amphishena cwca, Anolis cristatellus, Anolis pulchellus, and Celestus pleii belong to this category. With the Danish Virgin Islands so near to Porto Rico, it was quite natural that specimens from the latter should occasionally find their way to the museum in Copenhagen. Thus Reinhardt was enabled, in 1843, to describe the large boa as Boa inornata. Later, Mr. Riise, an apothecary in St. Thomas, who collected extensively in the Danish islands, visited Vieques personally and sent a number of Porto Rican specimens about the same time to the Smithsonian Institution and to the museum in Copenhagen. The former came under the notice of Cope, and scattered references to them were made by him in 1862. In the following year Professor Reinhardt and Dr. Luetken published their admirable contributions to the herpetology of the West Indian Archipelago, particularly that of the Danish West Indian Islands (see Bibliography) in which the first list of Porto Rican reptiles and batra- chians based on reliable material was published. The list was a very meager one, embracing only one batrachian,’ four snakes, five lizards, and two turtles, together eleven species, as follows: 1 ¢ Hylodes antillensis (Vieques). 2% Alsophis antillensis (Vieques). 3. Alsophis portoricensis. 4. Chilabothrus inornatus. 5. Typhlops richardii. @ Arch. Naturg., II, 1836, pp. 373-392. >In their tabular synopsis of West Indian species, Porto Rico is credited with one species of batrachians (Author’s separate, p. 7), though by an oversight the species is not indicated in the table. The only batrachian referred to in the text as belong- ing to Porto Rico is a young Hylodes from Vieques doubtfully referred to H. antillensis (Author’s separate, p. 57). 558 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Anolis cristatellus. Anolis pulchellus. Anolis stratulus. Anolis velifer (Vieques). 10. Spheriodactylus macrolepis (Vieques). 11. mys concinna. ae As the record of the North American Eimys concinna® is based upon two young specimens received from Mr. Riise, who had only a ‘‘ well- founded idea” that they came from Porto Rico, it may be excluded from the list which thus contains only ten species. Not long after the publication of Reinhardt and Luetken’s list, speci- mens collected by Mr. George Latimer in Porto Rico were received by the Smithsonian Institution, and reported on by Professor Cope in his Sixth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America.? The number of species sent by Mr. Latimer was nine, as follows: 1. Peltaphryne lemur. Cystignathus albilabris var. Hemidactylus mabuia. Mabuya fulgida. Diploglossus degener. Anolis velifer. Typhlops sp. Chilabothrus inornatus. Alsophis sancticrucis. ge 2 GO IS At least five of these species are additional to Reinhardt and Luet- ken’s list—namely, the first five—thus bringing the total number of species definitely known from Porto Rico and Vieques in 1868 up to fifteen. The next addition is in 1871, when Sphargis coriacea was added by Dr. Bello y Espinosa.“ He also mentioned the occurrence of the Hylodes, though without identifying it. With this addition the num- ber of species became sixteen. A decided step forward in our knowledge of the herpetology of Porto Rico was taken when Prof. W. Peters, in 1876, published his paper upon the collections made by the German vice-consul in Maya- guez, Mr. L. Krug, and the well-known zoologist of Habana, Dr. J. Gundlach, who visited the island in 1873 and again in 1875-76.° The collections, which are deposited in the Berlin Museum, embraced nine- teen species of reptiles and batrachians, of which six were additions a One of the specimens in question seems to be now in the Hofmuseum at Vienna, and is there determined as the Mexican Pseudemys ornata cataspila. b Proc. Phila. Acad., 1868, pp. 311-312. ¢ Zool. Garten, 1871. dMonats Bericht Akad. Wiss. Berlin. e Evermann, Invest. Fish. Porto Rico, p. 3. HERPETOLOGY, OF PORTO RICO. 559 to the fauna, two being described as new species. The additions, in Professor Peters’s nomenclature, are as follows: 1. Anolis gundlachi. 2. Anolis krugt. 3. Ameiva plet. 4, Amphishena cxca. 5. Dromicus parvifrons. 6. Hylodes martinicensis. Total number of species known in 1876 consequently was twenty-two. The substance of Dr. Peters’s paper was republished in 1881 by Dr. Gundlach in the Anales de la Sociedad Espafiola de Historia Natural in Madrid, translated into Spanish, with the addition of two species, namely, the marine turtles Chelonia viridis and Caretta imbricata, thus bringing the number of species up to twenty-four. Dr. Agostin Stahl, the venerable patriot and naturalist of Bayamon, Porto Rico, in 1882 published a Fauna de Puerto-Rico, intended mainly as a catalogue of his large collections, but with brief indica- tions of the characters of some of the species. In his list of the reptiles he omits two species, namely, J/abuya sloanii and Hemidac- tylus mabouia, though the latter is indicated without name, but a marine turtle is added, namely Chelonia caretta, thus increasing the number of species known’ to twenty-five. In 1896 Dr. Boulanger, the celebrated herpetologist and icthyologist of the British Museum, reported upon a small collection of reptiles from Mona Island deposited in the museum at Magdeburg, Germany, by Mr. H. Boettcher. It contained but three species, but the Amecwva turned out to be an undescribed species which Dr. Boulanger named A. alboguttata, raising the number of species to twenty-six. The twenty-seventh species also comes from Mona Island, being a boid snake, Epicrates monensis, described in 1898 from four specimens in the museum at Hamburg,Germany, by Dr. Zenneck. These specimens were collected on Mona Island during 1891 and 1894 by Mr. Ch. Bock, who, at that time, sent the Hamburg museum a large number of specimens of other species from this interesting little island. These were reported upon by Mr. Meerwarth in 1901, who thus was able to add three species, two of which he described as new forms, namely //ylodes monensis and Spherodactylus macrolepis monensis, the third being Metopoceros cornu- tus, making a total of thirty species for Porto Rico and dependent islands. This ends the published records of the batrachians and reptiles in Porto Rico.“ The present work increases the number of species to thirty-nine, being an addition of nine species. The number of species described as new @It should be added, however, that in the various important contributions to the West Indian herpetology published by Prof. 8S. Garman there are frequent references to Porto Rican specimens, but as none of the species so mentioned by him have been additional to the fauna they have not been noticed in the present connection. 560 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. is nine, but two of the species here named for the first time have been known as Porto Rican under different names. The new species named in this paper are as follows: HileutheroddeylusTichmondt 2. 2022 222-2 2 ae ee se eee 593 Eleutheroduchiisamicolor.. 5... 2-2. 22a eee Le ee 597 Sphxrodactwlusmronaisquamis -.. 2 =. -2- se ee ee Oe ee ee 602 UNOS MONENSIBE A ee ek oe ces. 22s os] ee a eee 646 ANGUS :CvETINGNMN aoa eee ee SS = Le LDL 23. SS ee eee Eee 647 ANOMS PONCENTS 0 See eee 2. Oo. LL re eee pene 665 Amphisien@ DORR AT nee: 2 2 2 a eS ee ee eee pee 681 TLiuphlops rostellatiisherer |: 25... 2. =. 12> BS Jee Pee a eee ee 686 TCU GAOPNIS SHUM Ree EAR a = 2 213 <5 Se ee eee Ae ee 695 Distribution of the species (eaclusive of marine turtles) occurring in Porto Rico. omonrtanrk wn re paren les ellis Species. a le 2 A | = flalals Mainland. Bac" 5] 6 lo |a)3 | & eR) a 0 Bs) etn ER teens Bufogemurseetaescceeecs soescs a <* S85 5osallocac alt eee Leptodactylus albilabris .......-...-- Socen Bek eerie Southern Mexico. Eleutherodactylus auriculatus. .---.}. Sel heecs 5 alex Eleutherodactylus antillensis.......|...- Sia Bail Sas slivers ocala Eleutherodactylus richmondi...---..|.... seaq|lsoac|| se jcboe ee he Eleutherodactylus monensis......--|..-. pes eal eee ate ca Pee aoe Eleutherodactylus unicolor.......-.. J ee||Saca loreicl feo tu ens isco ese laa Hemidactylus mabouia ...-..---..-.. Sea | Oise see x | x | x | South America, Mexico. Spherodactylus grandisquamis ..... Brel esegal hos lesa ares | Bs ee (ee Spheerodactylus monensis...--.....- pes| Secu) noe ease Ix! Bel ere eee Mabuya Sloamils.2.--40sseee seo oee pASalPD< Dea i et Ne AMOI | CX Us. soe, aeccw wae seels eee TAOS Pulleno) Gece) acs Hope Ameiva alboguttata......-..----.... Bs (eee eee nee > 6a Ul Preiss ty ee Celestusspleuli sce hiss oo: pete eee Bae eee Bees eat aac Seas eeealscoc ANOlISiCUVIEN fm. ccc- fo se ccneeee eens aeee|| OS RNS arena Cioteal atecoral| sere ANOMUSISUNGIACHies ee ores eeee eee ee ee lepers he Gu eetase Sisal Sere oar Amolisteristafiellus= ss -seeeereeecie oe Bae |he, Galo Anolisikrugitesnst- tos scces cee seer Bacelloewelonasoxd AmOlisipulehelitis fees. se a= eee eee a altee sell toodbece AM OlIS POM GCEMSISe ese eete teeta Soodlpecaleopoll 2 lienes Cychiraicormiutaie--s--s-eee eee eee meee mas el\smers lates sees ees e ll OX Anmphishsena CeCe sess eeeeaaecee er Jase hens aaet ea! E Amphisbeenabakeri-:.-/ 25. s-c--5-= ARarseecl sacell >it |peedlasoe ee Typhlops lumbricalis .............-- x|x}?|x]x |x 1]x | x | British Guiana. Typhlops rostellatus .......:...--.--- eee ees Sole Saee z Epicrates monensis.............----- Seto eaac Seals sual lem. . Epicrates inornatus ....-......------ veceleiemels x! ae collects Leimadophis stahli-................- Seeelpscclesasl os! cael Leimadophisexiguus...............- aaah ane. sees ane leccol|- oo Alsophis portoricensis.-.--. 2. -...-: Brel eel SASS hosslil lesa si lson||455 Alsophis antillensis .........----...- Boch sull Ne, |ee Cer Al seilles Pseudemys palustris ................ sate pallial es aulhes fete. 2c 58s - eee ee ee eee 2 Distance bebweeney ested = 24 352.42 sae Aes oe eee woe oO eeee ame 2.5 Diameter oleye ne Sees S56 ee se ae ee ere ae ee ee 2 Wadth of mouths. 2s. 26 eee ee eee eee eee 3.5 Greatest. depth, of tails=5=>. ee seeeee se tone oo ae ee 7 Depth of muscular part of tail at its base ..---.-.-- oe ES see 4.5 The total length of the largest adult animal being 144 mm., it is consequently a little more than three times as large as the largest tadpole. Habitat.—The frog—as we may well call the Leptodactylus albilabris on account of its exceedingly frog-like aspect—is found all over Porto Rico and Vieques near streams and in marshy places, except in the highest altitudes. It has been found as high up as Adjuntas (about 1,400 feet altitude) by Mr. Baker, but it is doubtful whether it ascends above the coffee belt. On the northern and eastern side of El Yunque Mountain Dr. Richmond and I did not see it much above the Catalina plantation, or about 900 feet altitude. Habits.—The breeding season of this frog seems to be early in the year, as we found a young one with the tail still unabsorbed on Feb- ruary 20. Full-grown tadpoles were also observed at the Catalina plantation on March 1. Ina little stream behind the town of Utuado, on April 7, I not only obtained tadpoles in all stages, but also observed HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 579 the remarkable foamy ‘‘nest” of this species, with numerous small black larve just hatched. In raising a large flat stone in the shallow stream I found a compact ball of snowy foam of a somewhat gelatinous con- sistency. center there extended a canal about the width of a finger. hollow the blackish larvee were located. The voice of this species is fairly loud for its size, and can be expressed by the word *‘ pink” in frequent succession. List of specimens of Leptodactylus albilabris. The ball was about 70 mm. in diameter, and through the In this U.S. N.M.| Age. Locality. No. 25p4bn| PACU =~] bares, POrto Rico .225...---<< Pos 71S. 200 =-s|=-ss5 GOSS 5 ee oe ee DHS Te bees GOs <|aasee GO sees oe eee eee 26938mle .sGOw a s| ses ae GOS SE st Set es cee BAER) HE = 00) eae eels GCOF-CR a ceases Seen ee 26940 Mee dOis-leaoee CO a ce a MET open aes 26941 Ee Ots a |cise se O32. 2c Aen Saree ees Aa ee a6 Osea ease GOi-2o25s-5 eee ease 26943h Eee Oeee lessee OMe je seceec cee eee PAY HD ees KON eel tee CO) 22s 2he aa ee ee OSA Ee Om el scisce On atesew encase ce eee 20946 He Ores eee GO Sera N ees hese aeee 26947 Need ea leceee GO eo sesenion dese eee 2H9SR aL 0 Os || Seen CON Se Ase Sse A. oe ee ARYA OOS 6 5 Salloaciac GOs see Ses aevela claw se eee 269008 ea esO Oyeee| a aeee GO Peg ae ase eas aceon Z69bIG | Ra Ome as ae MO eee ccte canes eeeee 26952 pedOe males sae GOI Ee ae eee peck cee acts 26953 Nee ed Ome aaa GOR S525 52 cee en asic eeeee 26954 | Half gr.|.-.-- CO egacseseecr cence: 26955.) dO... |s--:2 Gamer as arseel soe ceseeaes 26964 | Adult ..| Mameyes, Porto Rico......... 2EIGDM eee Olan c= aeee GO'Seese eset ee nt eee 2696612 2500 seni ooone (SCO aa aera a CI 26967 Mees O anal teres Oj Stee See 26968) |\oa22GO 22-25 (Choe Loa See ene re a PO969sse2 GO sac cece GO cree ee aoe ces tenes 26970 pace GO ees | se see GO kg asap ane ste nooeeeeene 2697s BS edo | sa. WO) so eae ea cee 269725 Ress Opes eae GO eRe se seek eee 26973 9c ee -dO\s5-|===-= WO etree a eee aeons 26974 5 32-GO ee c|e ces OG here secre eee 2697592200). |== =.= GO tii sac eeeeeeeee 2697/69 eese dO ses eases GO Dare = Leet oe B69 lif a) eee Ore eee COM cect eorood ge eee 26978) | Haliverss-eee COV 2A secee at nee ass 26979) MOUDE=-|=-25= Gowan Sees aes AGOSOs tees Ole sale sene OOK toc ero eee ean oce 27047 | Adult ..| Luquillo, Porto Rico ......... D048 eee Oens oases GOs ye eee eet oe eee 27049) ||2=.=00 220/Se-= GO ee Sees aa senee 21050), |2222G0ises|eso55 GO oS ne sos Wee scene cee 27051 800): S2| 225% O3 syab ees ee ees 27052 al Pare GO see esce CO's |e ee eee see oe 27147 Gees | PATECI DO) POrtowRicoreasenesee 27224 | Half gr.| Utuado, Porto Rico.....:....-. PT ZO Nee LO ai) nie ee C0 (0 ela ae ser aia ERseacie 27226 ACU aeeee GOs ei eco Seas eeeeee 27280 |....do...| Pass between Adjuntas and Ponce, Porto Rico. 27314 |....do Ponce, PortowRicon-eeeceeees 273154 Ounp. o)- noes GOT eee peat Cee Ree See PA BIN) es 6 Cos ys 3 GOK ear eee ee eae Diels edOsesleaeae GOs. eee eee 27774 | Adult ..| Humacao, Porto Rico.-....... Feb. 24,1900 Mar. 5, 1900 Caee do Apr. 3,1900 Apr. 9,1900 Apr. 15,1900 Apr. 16,1900 auiNae dose Spring, 1900. - L. Stejneger C. W. Riehmond.. L. M. McCormick. Description, p. 587. We) e HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 5 ELEUTHERODACTYLUS ANTILLENSIS @ (Reinhardt and Luetken. ) 1863. Hylodes antillensis Retnnarpr and LurrKen, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. (Copenhagen ), 1862, p. 209; author’s separate, p. 57 (type locality, St. Thomas; type in Mus. Copenh. ). This species has been placed as a synonym of £. auriculatus by Boulenger, but the two are very different indeed. If individuals of the same size are placed side by side the difference in the size of the legs and feet are particularly striking, they being much shorter in EF. antillensis. The fore limbs are especially minute, so much so that the length from axilla to tip of longest finger is about one-half the length from tip of snout to vent, while in /. auriculatus the corres- ponding length of arm and hand greatly exceeds, often by 33 per cent, half the total length of head and body. Asa rule, the heel and elbow of the adpressed limbs barely touch in /. antzllensis, while in F. 21 22 23 Fics. 20-24.—ELEUTHERODACTYLUS ANTILLENSIS. 2 natural size. 20,side of head; 21, top of head; 22, inside of mouth; 23, underside of fore foot; 24, underside of hind foot. No. 27075, U.S.N.M. auriculatus they overlap considerably. In the latter the heels also overlap when the bent hind limbs are placed vertically to the axis of the body—while in this position the heels of /. anti/lensis just meet. Notwithstanding the enormous variation in the coloration of /. auric- ulatus, there seems to be some difference in the average color of both species. The larger /. antillensis obtained in Vieques are nearly uniformly pale above, and are therefore closely approximated by the pale specimens of /. auwriculatus which we collected in the white limestone hills near Ponce (Nos. 27314-17), but all the young ones were “dull grayish brown with regular dusky longitudinal markings,” thus presenting none of the peculiar patterns so characteristic of the young /. auriculatus and described above under the latter species. Description.—U.S.N.M. No. 27075, Isabella Segunda, Vieques @ Antilensis: of, or belonging to, the Antilles. 592 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Island, Porto Rico; March 24, 1900; L. Stejneger, collector. Tongue rather broad, heart-shaped, slightly nicked behind; vomerine teeth in two club-shaped oblique series, some distance behind but not laterally beyond the choanz, converging backward and well separated; nostril much nearer the tip of snout than the eyes, their distance from the eye less than the diameter of the latter; upper eyelids narrower than the interorbital space; tympanum a little less than one-half the diam- eter of the eye, its distance from the eye less than one-half its diam- eter; fingers with rather small disks, first equalling second; disks of toes not smaller than those of the fingers; tip of first toe reaching disk of second; two metatarsal tubercles, the outer being rather small and obscure; series of plantar tubercles corresponding to metatarsals; no tarsal fold; the bent limbs being pressed along the side, knee and elbow, fail to meet; hind limb being extended along the side, heel reaches the eye; hind limbs being placed vertically to the axis of the body, the heels barely meet; skin above with scattered granules and a very narrow raised median line from tip of snout to vent; throat and chest smooth, belly and posterior aspect of femur strongly granular; a strong fold across the breast between the axille. Dinensions. mm. Tipol snout to vent) 222 See see oe eee Se eh See 25 Witith*ot head 2 2 oo © OSE ee ces ae Saree wich oo. 2 = ore Sina ee ee 10 Diameter Oheye q neq see aa oa ee ee 4 Diameter of tympanum 202322 Se Soe eee eee ee 1.75 Foredee from axdillay: 20.21 Ses See eee Oe as oe 13 Hund lee irom ‘vents 1235.55 Sc = 8 fue Ske ec ee ee oa Vert ho eel = 2 eeac as Sjaeee as ae as eee ee oc any ee 19 This is the largest of eleven specimens collected by us in Vieques. The largest specimen from St. Thomas described by Reinhardt and Luetken measured 31 mm. in total length. This species seems there- fore to be somewhat smaller than 4. auriculatus. Coloration of living specimens.—The larger specimens collected by us in Vieques were pale gray with scarcely any dusky marking except a dark streak from nostrils, through eye, over and behind the tym- panum, a few dark mottlings on the posterior concealed part of the thigh, and a dusky longitudinal line on inner side of tibia and tarsus. The smaller specimens were of a uniform dull grayish brown above with regular longitudinal dusky markings. Habitat.—This species seems to be confined to Vieques and St. Thomas and is apparently not common. Its occurrence on St. John and St. Croix is somewhat doubtful, according to Reinhardt and Luetken. It was not found by the U. S. Fish Commission parties in Vieques during their visit in 1899, but a young specimen from this island is in the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 593 The only place we found it in Vieques was in the nearly dry bed of a small creek back of the town of Isabella Segunda, where they kept themselves concealed on the damp ground under flat stones. List of specimens of Eleuthlrodactylus antillensis. Ni. Age. Locality. inane ee By ye cor Remarks. 27075 | Halfgr. | Vieques Island ............... Mar. 24,1900 | L.Stejneger .....-. | Deseription and | figure, p. 591. 27076 |. et OOPeac|snee Ope aoe ees sant oooh ccc altos eke e FP emelSee se Gi seen eee mor? | YOUNES -.|-....- Oe ee Rte eae err oh were [bee (6 fo eaeeeel bee Ohtyt Sees Pas) 2 7(07 Sp) ee Oe eee (ClO) eth he Sy ee eet ee ee Mar. 22,1900 |....- GOpsoee eae BuOro S220: <2]... (XLS 33 45h osodeneoreuorecaad aeteaes (6 Kane eee [vate doraes-e— 20S) q a (Oe eae Geer sane Seat a ae ieee ee Seciaeeee (Olof mee sa Oe Goma across: 27081 5-0 ied peeee GO pees Soe ok scan see caret Geer COs sae. |e (Cloak AMER Se oa Bie Wee. 0 a-| <=. <= GOe Sose aes tocae ote aes nisel Saeee oO eae acme Gow see ean soe Piss tee ccdO!sst|ésso2 GOPe a hetes ac ss ace gee |Seces (Clo epee Seer GO: 226 eens PaO | sas2 C0 fas a| oo 2 WO)ssc sen at ecccensenesstee Mar. 24,1900 | C. W. Richmond .. 2.7L aC Co een bere (640) AR eee See eens eae GORshsas4|S5--2 GOK ects cat ELEUTHERODACTYLUS RICHMONDI4 new species. Diagnosis.—VYoes free without a vestige of web; belly smooth; tym- panum distinct, less than one-half the diameter of the eye; vomerine teeth in two long angular transverse series, extending beyond the external border of the inner nares and some distance behind them; head moderately broad; interorbital space somewhat broader than upper eyelid; upper surface granular; second finger longer than first; inner metatarsal tubercle large; no plantar tubercles; digital disks small; nostril much nearer tip of snout than eye; hind limbs not cross- barred. Habitat.—Porto Rico. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 26884; Catalina plantation, about 890 feet altitude; L. Stejneger, collector; February 22, 1900. Description of type specimen.—U.S.N.M. No. 26884; Catalina plan- tation, Porto Rico, 890 feet altitude; February 22, 1900; L. Stejneger, collector. Tongue narrow, somewhat emarginate behind; vomerine teeth in two angular series behind the choane, their distance from the choane greater than the diameter of the latter; inner arm of each vomerine series longer, outer extending laterally beyond the choane; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye, the distance from the eye slightly less than the diameter of the latter; upper eye- lids somewhat narrower than interorbital space; tympanum slightly less than one-half the diameter of the eye, its distance from the latter slightly less than its diameter; disks of fingers rather small, first finger a@To Dr. Charles W. Richmond. NAT Mus 1902——38 594 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. shorter than second; disks of toes small, first toe short, only reaching subarticular tubercle of second; subarticular tubercles well developed; two well developed metatarsal tubercles; no plantar tubercles; no tarsal fold; the bent limbs being pressed along the sides, knee and elbow overlap; hind limb being extended along the side, heel reaches center of eye; hind limbs heing placed vertically to the axis of the body, the heels overlap; skin above and on flanks granular, underside smooth; posterior aspect of femur areolate. A \ afr &@ 36 O 1 28 29 FIGs, 25-29. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS RICHMONDI. 2 x natural size. 25, side of head; 26, top of head; 27, inside of mouth; 28, underside of fore foot; 29, underside of hind foot. No. 26884, U.S.N.M. 27 Dimensions. mm. Tip -6f snouttowent 2seso2 st teas eo oe ee ee 38 Wiidthuol head Ree: <5, cnet Oe Soe ek See epee te ee 15 Diameter oF eye D2 2. Bt so ccn aa San eee ne ee eee 5.5 Diameterot tympanum’ S250 eee ee 2.5 Fore leg dromivasalla 22 2c.o.0e ee Fo 1 a Nee ee ie Be ee 24 Hindlee irom yeats =. 25 eae ae Eee eres ei eee 62 Vent to heel Colors of living animal.— Adult. U.S.N.M. Ne. 26884 (L. S. No. 9025), Catalina plantation, 890 feet altitude, February 22,1900. Back dusky chestnut, lighter on sacrum; from each nostril along canthus rostralis, edge of eyebrow and sides of back a narrow dirty bluish- white stripe somewhat wider on sides of back than on canthus ros- tralis; sides of face and flanks below this stripe blackish, legs blackish; fore legs marbled with pale drab, hind legs with dull pale chestnut; under side dull greenish gray, with an ill-defined yellow spot in each groin, and marbled with dusky brown on throat and under side of hind legs. Iris blackish, brassy above pupil. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 595 7 J Several specimens (26958-62) taken at an altitude of about 2,978 _ feet near the top of El Yunque Mountain, February 24-26, were essen- ; tially like the above, to the description of which may be added that the brown color on the back becomes more of an Indian-red on sacrum and femur, fading to a clear rufous flesh-color on the heel. The lar- gest specimen in this lot has the throat strongly suffused with gam- boge-yellow. This species seems to be as remarkable for the stability of its color- ation as /. auriculatus is for the reverse. Remarks.—The present species, which I take great pleasure in ded- icating to Dr. Charles W. Richmond in grateful memory of cheerful companionship in the native haunts of this interesting novelty, is appar- ently nearest related to Aleutherodactylus lentus (Cope), from which it differs in many important points. Thus, the vomerine teeth are placed much farther back from the interior nares, and the second finger is considerably longer than the first instead of equaling it in length; there is no trace of a web between the toes and the outer metatarsal tubercle is much larger. The coloration also is different and remark- ably constant. Habitat.—This new species thus far has only been collected on El Yunque Mountain, from an altitude of about 900 feet to near the top. It was found on damp ground under stones and leaves. List of specimens of Eleutherodactylus richmondi. Ni Age. Locality. eer By ee ac Remarks. 26884.| Adult ..| Catalina plantation, 890 feet, | Feb. 22, 1900 | L. Stejneger ...--- | Type. Description Porto Rico. | and fig., p. 594. 26956 |....do...| Camp El Yunque, Porto Rico.| Feb. 24-26, |...-- (ioe Se Ae eee | About 2,978 feet 1900. | altitude. “LTE a YE | Sears CoN ae GO) 5 255-2 sae ene seit wee eles cls GO" neces ower ne DOlascescisc sae | BpI0S)| 2-01...) =--- dla was caethesiny ee es eecclacesc GO sees. Ope tiene see |} Bpopoy|-=- GO . 22) ..25- GOP sae eee hes sot ele acae (ioe Seer eee GoMerencs ses BOUbONI 55. .O- --\'- .<.. DORe ea ysen eee ees ao de ewel- Stee Os ossee Weert (CKO Reso SeseC ae + p. 595. a Sn a Ca doe ee ‘ieee ee | 26962 | Young..|...-- GOS san eee aes on ctitease Pa MALO Ve anaes. GOS oS aes ELEUTHERODACTYLUS MONENSIS / (Meerwarth). 1901. Hylodes monensis Merrwartra, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, X VIII, p- 39, pl. 1, fig. 11; pl. m, figs. 4-5 (type locality: Mona Island; types No. 761, Mus. Hamburg). Description of adult.—U.S.N.M. 29389; Mona Island, Porto Rico; August 15, 1901; B.S. Bowdish, collector. Vomerine teeth in two long, slightly angular series, immediately behind and touching the choane, extending laterally beyond the outer edge of the latter and « Monensis=trom Mona Island. 596 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. closely approximated medially, the inner rows much longer than the outer; nostrils very close to the tip of the snout, their distance from the eye nearly equaling the diameter of the latter; upper eyelids much narrower than the interorbital space; tympanum one-half the diam- eter of the eye, its distance from the latter more than one-half its own diameter; disks of fingers very small, first equal to second; disks of toes small, equaling those of the fingers; first toe much shorter than second, its tip scarcely reaching the middle of the penultimate pha- lanx of the latter; two rather large metatarsal tubercles; well-devel- oped plantar tubercles in series under the metatarsals; a strong tarsal fold nearly the whole length of the tarsus; hind limb being extended forward along the side, the heel reaches center of eye; hind limbs 32 34 Fics. 30-34.—ELEUTHERODACTYLUS MONENSIS. 2 x natural size. 30, side of head; 31, top of head; 32, inside of mouth; 33, underside of fore foot; 34, underside of hind foot. No. 29389, U.S.N.M. being placed vertically to the axis of the body, the heels meet; skin smooth above and below. Dimensions. mm. Tip'ot snout: to vent-s2 = aa ee ee ee eee sees 32 Width Of head cco eee ob RS oer ee spree eh et ye 14 Diameter Obey ess. ow See ee ee oa ee ee eee 4.5 Diameter, of tympanum’ s 227 se nse 252 sass eee eee ee eee 2. 25 Fore lee from asmillla 2.52.6 ee ee oe ee ee eee Dil Hind Jee from vento: 2o-S22- ae eek eee ee eee 49 Vent to heelws2i shee ee SS ee er ee ea 28 Color (in alcohol).—Ground color above pale drab with ill-defined dusky markings; these indicate a subcanthal dark streak; a median narrow line on the snout; a pair of longitudinal narrow lines on inter- orbital space from the edge of the eyelids converging toward the occi- put, but without meeting; an irregular spot on each shoulder and on HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 597 the back about five series of smaller spots, which seem to have a ten- dency to coalesce crosswise; limbs with no indication of cross bands, but irregularly and indistinctly marbled with dusky; underside whitish, unspotted. Remarks.—\ have examined the types of this species in the Hamburg Museum and found them to agree substantially with the above description. TTlabitat.—Thus far this species has only been found on Mona Island and is probably confined to it. The types were collected by Mr. Bock in 1892. Mr. Bowdish only obtained one specimen. Last of specimens of Eleutherodactylus monensis. | US. | = * tn See eye When col- By whom col- ee Eee | Ser | Loeality. acted lected Remarks. No. | 29389 | Adult fi Mona Island, Porto Rico ..... Aug. 15,1901 | B.S. Bowdish..... Description and figure, pp.595, 596. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS UNICOLOR,@ new species. Diagnosis.—Toes free without a vestige of web; belly granular; tympanum distinct, one-third the diameter of eye; vomerine teeth in \ 36 37 38 Figs. 35-39.—ELEUTHERODACTYLUS UNICOLOR. 39, side of head; 36, top of head; 37, inside of mouth; 2 * natural size. 38, underside of fore foot; 39, underside of hind foot. 23 x natural size. No. 26963, U.S.N.M. two short, straight series, not extending beyond the inner nares; head not broader than body; interorbital space equals upper eyelid; upper surface smooth; second finger longer than first; inner metatarsal tubercle large; digital disks small; nostrils intermediate between eye and tip of snout; hind limbs not cross barred. Habitat.—Porto Rico. Type.—Cat. No. 26963, U.S.N.M.; Camo El Yunque Mountain, 2,978 feet altitude; L. Stejneger, collector, February 26, 1900. Description of type.—U.S.N.M. No. 26963; Camp El Yunque, Porto Rico, 2,978 feet altitude; February 26, 1900; L. Stejneger, collec- tor. Tongue medium, oval, entire behind; vomerine teeth in two short straight series behind the choanz, but not extending laterally beyond them, widely separated in the middle; snout declining rapidly from the «Of one color. 598 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. eyes to the tip; nostrils situated about halfway between eyes and tip of snout, their distance from the eyes one-half the diameter of the eye; upper eyelids as wide as interorbital space; tympanum small, about one-third the diameter of the eye and distant from the latter more than its own diameter; fingers with exceedingly small disks, first slightly shorter than second; disks of toes better developed, first toe much shorter than second; subarticular tubercles well developed; no plantar tubercles; two well-developed metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold; hind limbs being bent forward, heels reach the ears, bent vertically to the axis of the body, the heels do not touch; skin above, throat, chest, and anterior aspect of femurs smooth; belly and sides granular. Dimensions. mm. Tip olsnout to venti. oda een Saree eee ep ees oe ene 16.5 Width. Of heads fo: +12 GES. ee ee eae eee oe 6 Diameter Ofeye soo: 5 SiS bi kee: Pe A oe Sa ro ee ee 2.5 Manceter Of tympanum £2 oss Ses eee ere 0.8 ‘Fore leo tromaxilla:.* .\f2e2 Sce he oes See eee eee 7 Rind leotrom vent. 5. = Uses eae eee ee Oe ee 22 Went; touheele se 2o2)55 ith, Leese a Ae ete eee Si pay ee ee 12 Color of living spectmen.—Uniformly dusky chestnut above and below, with scattered, scarcely visible pale dots; a short postocular dusky band descending behind the tympanum. Habitat.—Only a single specimen was captured. It was caught on the ground at our camp on El Yunque Mountain, about 2,978 feet above the sea. Remarks.—The present species is so different from the other Hleu- therodactyli in Porto Rico, and in fact from all the species of this multitudinous genus that a special comparison with any of them is quite unnecessary. The declivous snout with the extreme posterior position of the nostrils are quite unique, and I know of no West Indian species which might be regarded as nearly allied. The uniform coloration above and below is also remarkable. List of specimens of Eleutherodactylus unicolor. U.S. 7 = + N.M. Age. | Locality. When, Gol By Ne col Remarks. No. : . 26963) 5222-8 == | Camp El Yunque, Porto | Feb. 26,1900 | L. Stejneger---.-.- Type. | Rico, 2,978 teet altitude. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 599 Class REPTIEIA. Order SQUAMATA. This order embraces the lizards and the snakes, which in most cases may be easily told apart by the former possessing legs. A small number of lizards, however, are entirely limbless, externally resem- bling snakes very closely. The only limbless lizards in Porto Rico are the amphisbeenians, which are readily distinguished from the snakes by having no imbricate scales, the integument being divided by longi: tudinal and transverse grooves into squarish segments which form regular rings around the body. Suborder SAURIA. The lizards form the most numerous group of the reptiles in Porto Rico, there being no less than nineteen species out of a total of twenty- eight land reptiles. KEY TO THE LIZARDS OF PORTO RICO, ACCORDING TO GENERA. a! Four limbs. b* Head above covered with numerous scales or small plates. c! Eyelids rudimentary, not conniving; pupil vertical (fig 40). (Gekkonidz. ) d‘ Toes dilated at base, terminal phalanges compressed, free, raised angularly to the basal dilatation (figs. 44, 45)_......-.....- Hemipacry.us, p. 599. d* Toes dilated into a circular plate at tip only (fig. 50) ...........-- SPH®RODACTYLUS, p. 602. c? Eyelids well developed, functional; pupil round..----.-------- ANOLIS, p. 625. d‘' Toes with marked dilatations, but no ‘‘ combs’ (fig. 83). (Jguanide. ) d? Toes simple; two of the posterior ones with lateral ‘‘combs’’ (fig. 2) eee ee ey Ree Soe Se aie ess sacs Cyciura, p. 670. b? Head above with large, regular shields (fig. 67). c! Occipital shield absent. d' Ventral scales in quincunx. (Scincide.).......---.-.---- Masovya, p. 607. d” Ventral scales in squarish series. (Teiidx.) .....-----...- Ametva, p. 612. c? Occipital shield present (fig. 73). (Anguidx.) ........-..-- CELEsTUS, p. 621. OTIS OFS BEN We G0) 0) 0h 110 2 ey | Re AMPHISBHNA, p. 675. Genus HEMIDACTYLUS4@.OkKen. 1817. Hemidactylus OxeEN, Isis, 1817, p. 1183 (based on Cuvier’s Hémidactyles, type ‘‘Gecko tuberculeux Daudin’’). 1843. Tachybates Firzincrr, Syst. Rept., p. 105 (type H. mabouia). HEMIDACTYLUS MABOUIA ? (Moreau de Jonnés. ) 1818. Gecko mabouia Mornau DE Jonnues, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1818, p. 188, (type locality, St. Vincent); Monogr. du Gecko mabouia, 1821, p. 1. Hemidactylus m. Dumérin and Breron, Erpét. Gén., III, 1836, p. 362 (Martinique).—Duméri, Cat. Méth. Rept. Mus. Paris, I, 1851, p. ant, half; dadkrvaos, digit. >A Caribbean name attributed to several lizards. 600 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. 39 (St. Vincent: type; Martinique, St. John, Spanishtown, Jamaica).—ReEINHARDT and Luerken, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. (Copenhagen), 1862 (1863), pp. 174, 275; author’s separate pp. 22, 123 (St. Thomas, St. Croix, Just v. Dyck, Tortola).—Copr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1868, p. 311 (Porto Rico).—BouLEencer, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., I, 1885, p. 122 (Santo Domingo, Dominica).—Srraucn, Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb., (7) XX XV, No. 2, 1887, p. 31 (Cuba, St. Thomas).—MzEErR- wartH, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, X VIII, 1901, p. 17 (St. Thom- as).—GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 18 (Santa Lucia, Petite Martinique, Martinique, Porto Rico, Trinidad). 1843. Hemidactylus mabuya FirzincErR, Syst. Rept., p. 105. 1843. Hemidactylus mabuia Cocrnau in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, Hist. Nat., IV, p. 95, pl. xvi (Cuba).—Gunp.acu, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, II, No. 5, Apr., 1867, p. 12 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., IV, 1875, p. 358 (Cuba); X, 1881, p. 308 (Porto Rico).—Borrrecrr, Kat. Rept. Mus. Senckenberg, I, 1893, p. 28 (Porto Rico). Fies. 40-45.—HEMIDACTYLUS MABOUIA. 40, side of head; 41, top of head; 42, underside of head; 48, portion of upper surface of tail; 44, underside of hind foot. 2 x natural size. 45, lateral view of last joint of toe. 4 x natural size. No. 27630, U.S.N.M. _ Description of adult male.—U.S.N.M. No. 27630; Mariel, Cuba; May 9, 1900; Palmer and Riley, collectors. Rostral much broader than high, squarish, with a nick in the posterior margin for the ante- rior angle of the internasal and a median cleft extending forward for more than one-half the height of the shield, in contact with two super- nasals and a small, somewhat irregular shield between the latter; first supralahial in contact with lower postnasal and reaching nostril; nos- tril between rostral, first supralabial and three scales behind and above, the upper one, or supranasal, being much the larger; twelve supralabials, including the small posterior one, the suture between eighth and ninth being under the center of the eye; top of head coy- «There being no specimen of Hemidactylus mabouia from Porto Rico in our collec- tion, one from Cuba is described instead. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 601 ered with granules which are largest on the snout particularly so on the rostral canthus; eye equidistant between nostril and ear, its diam- eter being about one-half its distance from tip of snout; ear-opening, elongated, oblique, its diameter longer than greatest supralabial; tem- ples granular like the top of the head with scattered, rounded tuber- cles; mental triangular, slightly wider than rostral, its free margin not twice as wide as nearest infralabials; seven larger infralabials; four chin-shields in a row, of which the median pair is much the larger, irregular hexagonal, their anterior angle fitting into the corner between mental and first infralabials, broadly in contact with each other on the median line and followed behind by four small shields somewhat larger than the succeeding granules of the throat; upper surface of body and flanks covered with granules about the size of those of the head, interspersed with large convex, but not keeled, tubercles, each about as long as three or four granules; these tubercles show a tendency to form irregular longitudinal rows, there being about sixteen across the middle of the back; throat covered with small flat uniform granules strongly contrasting with the imbricate cycloid scales of the rest of the underside and of the legs, the abdominal scales being slightly smaller than the dorsal tubercles, and about eleven con- tained in the distance from nostril to eye; on the underside of the thighs the three outer series of scales are larger, especially the last one, in which the scales are tongue-shaped with free tip and bearing near their base a pore, there being fourteen such pores on each femur, the series nearly meeting on the belly; fingers and toes free, all with long, compressed angularly raised and clawed distal phalanges; basal dilated portion with four pairs of lamelle under inner toe and seven pairs under the middle one, in addition to the large unpaired terminal lamella; tail cylindrical, somewhat depressed, covered with small scales or large granules, slightly larger than those on the snout, and about six longitudinal rows of conical tubercles or spines in whorls about seven scales apart, underside with a median series of large plates, about two toa whorl; the regenerated portion of the tail with slightly larger irregularly arrayed scales without spines above or regular plates below. Color (in alcohol) pale drab gray, indistinctly and irregularly mot- tled and spotted with dusky above. Dimensions. mm. orlslenothi (talspantlyareprowuced))\pe=--2 eens ae 2a 116 SUIXOUUIT a POMS) I epee re eae AS oe balla on 5 Eu Le Paes pk ee ea 61 Wentito tiprot tail (partly reprodmced)\\ess-22-2-22-2---- 222-8 55 SVOKOYDIG ONCE ARE Ame OMe eS ee eae ee SS eee a ae 16 CiRedlesti WAGLHL Olea dhs emer eee Nk eae a Sey 2 et 12.5 HOKereomrOna) axl Apert ame a eee soe ee ak eR Se 20 EaindeleotirOnl CTO ne see ee ee oS el kk 26 INST Repel fafa Royo mW ee Pan EO Sy 8 De. oe 28 602 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Habitat.—In 1881 Dr. Gundlach wrote that this species had not been observed by him in Porto Rico, but had been sent by Dr. Stahl, who had found it ina house at the capital, San Juan, adding that ‘‘it seems to be rare.” Dr. Stahl does not give this species in his Fauna of the following year (1882), but on page 71 he mentions that Don Tomas Blanco, a pharmacist in Porto Rico, had met with ‘‘another species of the gecko family,” which he himself had observed later on in Agua- dilla and other places. It is probably the present species to which he refers. It was not collected by Mr. Baker, nor by any of the Fish Commission naturalists. Dr. Richmond and I were equally unsuc- cessful. However, the species was reported as having been sent from Porto Rico by Latimer as early as 1868, and Boettger mentions two specimens in the Museum Senckenbergianum donated in 1879 by Mr. Carl Knoblauch; Garman also mentions specimens from Porto Rico in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, and, finally, I have recently examined a specimen in the museum in Hamburg collected by Mr. Herman Engel, in San Juan. H. mabouia is a species of extremely wide distribution. Besides having been found in various other West Indian islands, it occurs in many places in South America, South Africa, and Madagascar. It has probably been carried to many distant places in ships, and its occurrence in Porto Rico is undoubtedly due to a similar agency Genus SPHAARODACTYLUS4 Wagler. 1830. Spherodactylus WaGLER, Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 143 (type S. sputator). 1830. Spheriodactylus GumRIN, Icon. Régne Anim., pl. xiv, fig. 6 (emend. ). 1831. Spheriodactylus Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd. Synops., p. 52 (emend. ). 1838. Spheriodactylus v. Dp. Horven, Handb. Dierk., II, ii p. 344 (emend. ). The two species of Sphxrodactylus found in Porto Rico and its dependencies may be easily distinguished by the size of the scales, as follows: a'. Number of scale rows around the middle of the body about 34-38, S. grandisquamis, p. 602. a*. Number of scale rows around the middle of the body about 46-48, S. monensis, p. 607. SPHARODACTYLUS GRANDISQUAMIS,? new species. 1863. Spheriodactylus macrolepis REINHARDT and LureTKen, Vid. Meddel. Nat. Foren. (Copenhagen) 1862, pp. 174, 279; authors’ separate, pp. 22, 127 (part, not of Guenther; island of Vieques).—Prrers, Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 705 (Porto Rico).—Gunpuacu, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 308 (Porto Rico).—Srani, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, pp. 70, 159 (Porto Rico).—Sphxrodactylus m. GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 21 (part: Porto Rico). a6paipa, ball; 6akrvdos, digit. b With large scales. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 603 Diagnosis.—Dorsal scales very large, as large as those on belly, strongly keeled and imbricate; no granular scales on the vertebral line; scales on breast smooth, a few on fore neck faintly keeled; about 34 scale rows around the middle of the body; 8 dorsals in a head length (snout to ear opening); scales on top of head and temples strongly keeled, imbricate, largest on snout and temples; loreals juxtaposed. Similar to Spherodactylus macrolepis Gimther, but dorsal scales much larger. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 27007; Luquillo, Porto Rico; March 4, 1900; L. Stejneger, collector. Habitat.—Vieques and Porto Rico. This Spherodactylus, of which we now possess a large series, dif- fers in no other respect from typical S. macrolepis from St. Thomas than in the size of the dorsal scales. J owe the opportunity of a direct comparison with specimens of the latter to the kindness of Prof. S. Garman. The Vieques and Porto Rican specimens agree completely, and their difference from the St. Thomas form is sufficient to warrant their separation by name. 49 50 Fias. 46-50.—SPHZRODACTYLUS GRANDISQUAMIS. 46, side of head; 47, top of head; 48, underside of head. 22 x natural size. 49, scales on middle of back; 50, underside of hind foot. 4 x natural size. No. 27007, U.S.N.M. Description of type specimen.—Adult; U.S.N.M. No. 27007; Lu- quillo, Porto Rico; March 4, 1900; L. Stejneger, collector. Snout rather pointed and elongate, the distance from the tip to the eye being slightly longer than from the latter to the ear opening, and nearly twice the diameter of the eye; rostral moderate with a long median cleft behind; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, two small post- nasals and a large supranasal which is separated from its fellow of the other side by a small median seale, these three bordering the rostral above; three large supralabials (on the left side, four on the right) to the center of the eye; a prominent spine on the superciliary margin over the middle of the eye; head above and on sides covered with small elongate, strongly keeled scales, those on the snout largest; scales on back large, imbricate, keeled, seven to eight in the distance from tip of snout to ear; mental large, nearly same size as rostral; two 604 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. very large infralabials followed by a very small one under the center of the eye; two small square chin-shields behind mental followed by flat smaller scales, becoming gradually smaller, almost granular on the middle of the throat, then gradually increasing backward on neck and chest, being imbricate and keeled on lower neck and chest; scales on abdomen still larger, but smaller than those on the back; limbs with smaller keeled imbricate scales; scales on tail above uniform, keeled, imbricate, below smooth, larger under the middle line, some widened so as to form rather irregular transverse plates. Dimensions. mm, Rotalilen oth’ £& ¢ fx: Se css See Se oe eee ee Oe cepa ee 58 Tipiolsnout to Vemb te 5 See ts ee Se eee ee eee 30 Nenttotip ot tails: s sees Sees a es ee ee ee ee 28 Greatest width. of head ~ 5525225 ste 2 te eee ee ee nee ee ene 5 Mipyot snout LO Garsos ies eee Seer cs Senn oe aS eee eee ee fl Bore ‘legsifromanmdillac. 2422 eer Oh as eee ee eee eee ri Hind hess froma STOW. -.3 lear ee Lo ee cl ee ee ee 9 Coloration of living specimens.—Adult; U.S.N.M., No. 27007; L. Stejneger, No. 9045; Luquillo, March 4, 1900. General color tawny-olive, with indistinct marblings of darker raw umber; across the shoulders a wide, black band, edged anteriorly and posteriorly with whitish, and inclosing two pure white spots; underneath, pale isabella color; chin and throat, pure raw sienna; underside of tail suffused with russet; iris, brassy, overlaid with blackish, leaving a very narrow bright ring bordering the pupil. Another specimen (No. 27008, L. S., No. 9046) caught with the one just described was duller, the general ground color being more dull isabella and the dark markings darker Van Dyke brown; the ria. 51._Spreropac. eeges of the shoulder band like the ground color, TyLus GraNpisqua- but the two spots were pure white. ang a na A number of young specimens collected at the of head and shoul. same time were sooty black with few traces of darker Tew markings, but all showed plainly the black shoulder band with the two white spots, and all had the extreme tip of the tail pure white. All the above specimens which were brought us by the children in Luquillo, and which were said to have been caught inside the huts and houses of the natives differed notably in coloration from the specimens which we ourselves collected afterwards, both in Vieques and near Ponée, under stones far from human habitations. Three of the specimens on the beach at Vieques (Nos. 27142-4; L.S., HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 605 No. 9055) on March 26, were isabella-colored with dusky spots on back and upper side of legs, the tail similar but more ochraceous; the scapular band less extensive than in the Luquillo specimens, and without white edges, in two specimens jet black with pure white spots; in the third, the scapular band was merely indicated, the great differ- ence being in the color of the head including chin and throat and part of the neck which were uniform, unspotted, orange-ochraceous, approaching ochraceous-rufous, the black eyeball shining through the skin as greenish spots; breast, belly, and legs underneath, pale drab, and underside of tail, ochraceous. The fourth specimen (No. 27145; L. $., No.; 9056) was entirely different; the whole upper surface was tawny olive with dusky irregular spots; on the shoulder, traces of the black shoulder band with the white spots; the head was of the same ground color as the rest of the upper surface, but with markings of a similar pattern as fig. 52; throat and chin with very distinct irregular dusky spots. In the specimens collected in the white clay hills about 3 miles east of Ponce on April 16 (Nos. 27306—12) two similar types of colora- tion are also easily distinguishable, namely, those with uniform yellow head without dusky markings but with the tail spotted like the back, and those with an unspotted ochraceous tail but a drab-colored head with a pattern, like fig. 52, and longitudinal dusky marks on the back. In all these specimens the scapular band is limited to a black median spot. Habitat.—Spherodactylus grandisquamis, which is the form with the largest scales, is confined to Porto Rico and Vieques. On the east it is repre- sented in St. Thomas and the other Virgin Islands by S. macrolepis, with smaller scales, while on the west a form with still smaller scales is found on Mona Island. As early as 1863 Reinhardt and Luetken recorded — rytus eranpisqua- a large-scaled individual from Vieques and it has 3 33 * sae since been recorded from Porto Rico by various of head and shoul- authors as 8. macrolepis. Mr. A. B. Baker in 1899 Oo. ,\° 7" collected several specimens near Isabella Segunda on Vieques, where we also secured a few in 1900. We also collected a large series in Luquillo, a small town on the main island just oppo- site, and later on some near Ponce, on the south side. I have also examined four specimens in the Hamburg Museum, collected by Mr. J. Michaelis at Arecibo in 1900. It thus seems to occur all around the island near sea level; it is probably confined to the lowlands, as we did not see it nor hear of it in the higher altitudes. 606 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. HTabits.—Like most geckos the Lucia or Santa Lucia, as the Spheero- dactylus was called by the natives, is probably nocturnal or crepus- cular, as we saw none except such as we caught under stones or in other hiding places. The children in Luquillo brought us numerous speci- mens which were said to have been taken in the huts of the natives, though we saw none in the miserable shanty which we ourselves inhab- ited. On Vieques we found a few specimens on the beach near Isabella Segunda under the pebbles of surf-worn coral of the size from a walnut to that of a fist. In the white limestone hills east of Ponce we also found them under small stones. List of specimens of Sphxrodactylus grandisquamis. x M: Age. Loeality. hile By whom L Remarks. 25049) Adults: .|\ Vaeques Island! 22. - 25-55-2512 Heb 7, 1899-— oA os bakenn roses Dobbie ses. O) aos|eceee CO seeteentsassactaee eesosalecees GO) et ssc| ere Oe sasceeeecce Dasol|2 2 sedoacelwesee GOs Joseedeonc nics heeeeeeeslndeae GO'sq sss) tess (oom emer 2odo2 E25. do e2 hase. GOs Sete poss Sac sescacecen meses GO\n-sseecleseet GOB ees. naeee PANTY | sooo noo secee GO eeeet can so closeeeee lasers GO. seater ee Goes aes he 2007s ee O so) aug illo; Porto Ricos.-22--—4 Mar. 4, 1900..| L. Stejneger...-.--. Type, p. 608. D7008s snk CO mee aera Gore saat Ses Mee ee mes Gort Sees ae Gos. 6Sessece Description, p. 604. PANU esos Oleoclansee 6 10) seo te ea See eoel Henee (oes al ese GOEAc-eeeeees 27 OLON Se sedores|==sae (Oho Sere Bee se Cee eee al [uaese Oe ses sset® Coz Ste see DOS | eed Oras a= s Os Sac e tae cre eee eee AOE ass eee Donte eee 27012 AMOS Aes sce OO A ARS Aare So ee Se elec a Gores a5 |E Seas dopa: eaeeee PAB 5300 sll GO: Ges: +e oe See aes eee Goes een eee Gomeet ee =aeeee 27014 (Clo) Al Gane GO 3 eee ee ae ee [ene doses ealegens OF ee ee Dy tnlsy Sask 2 |asaee (Chote se Aes ee eS le ee ClO oe easel Hees (OVOP ees See ee PHA eet Koheeal a aaae OO) Ai d25 See ae Sse eee eee Gower. soAleae ee GO esses seenee DO Lal eee Ob ealenace GO a seees eee ees Gos fase se Seems Gogiaee a see POLS: VOUNnees|= a=. . CO eset cecan seen aoe eee CoCo eestoctes cre Gon patksasaces 27019 omer seese (0 (0 es ee er tees See | [pene GO... seem see ce dO: Ay ass onesee 27020 Goiees saace Gosia eaccne tae eee Soe eeee GO, es-bs |e (6 Vo ye ees ear 27021 do. | GOS oie Pea Ae ee Seer doy= sees ose dG stages: 27022 8A el Oars eases (CUO e Ss ae oe EE ee cesea|soa- GO=ee = 35 |se55 OO ndee tesa 270235 | eA Gultees |e ene) GG te ead ee eee ere re ee ee Gores aiec es GO! Jeon cee 27024 Sdoee: |fssce OO Nas et eae eee a aaaesalacese GOnAe tone Seitee dOscecoeee eee 27025 EGO -c|boess dO ae eck ss te hes Sa aes GO) ete eee Govan beste: PHO2G Wee pe O Ores pees (OA een aee Sosaononoana toes GOs e..aeere GOFeck eee D021 Gare wee aaers (6 (AE Sec tee pases GOs eee Giotto senses 270280 era. Oat t= eer GO WSAsseee reer cae wdeeee be B Go ectealsoses GO st este tet 2029 n bate doies.s|enoae GO. 32h ee Ba eee set See ees GOecoeeee| bees GOite tenses PMB Ve a eeOl Dy SES me GO See eee eee eres Goeieccas| eee (co) rae 2701 ieee O\ena lee nee (0 Co EEStor is Bows eI Goce seats feces (OK oes Seo soe 27032 2s s2dOkee|sa2s0 OO) eee Sa eR Heese otc Goes S2c2 4s GO.56 5 Sececee PXLE8) banal esa losses Oe 52 EEE asec eeieoece (0 (oS eee oars GO es see cee Dileds Peon Ore a sace (clo P se Scot aaa cnet scdaald lpaene GO sees sa bse Goss eescees DOR Nak oe) ae Boek GOs eee eee Renee | Remiae Go s3 5.455 eAee dO si. 225 Se eaee DHOSO} eee Oeeelaceee GO tae occ eee eons one eee Go aaseealaeeee Goss s -2eeee eee LOE ebac lotsa Ibe Sine CO.-ssa=etere ee eenaerene: | eee C6 (Olea ese ell Sere KOE ResAestogce HB) leaees seals sae GO So 522 4 ce Meee ak Seances eee (6s odeeos|oeeee (6 Fore erie aoe 27039) e=)- 200s eho Go 25.52 settee pee Jassoe (Loy ea el Steere GO axe sae sees TOL Meee dow ele saee dO ee ee ee eee [eased dos. 2eeea Rees docetee eat: D7 04a bee O ee eee (S10) css ee ete ne Pee to pie eee eas ClO BMS Pertc oOeae aS sane (0429 Saeed ope eee Owes Sasa eee eres dOsoee eae liye aoa sesena 21043 Nees AO'se alee ee Oe eens eee ee lee (OlOWNe Re SSH ee ane ClOWAS So sneeees4 — HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 607 List of specimens of Sphxrodactylus grandisguamis—Continued. ) y q qd NM. Age. Loeality When es By een cel Remarks. 27044 | Adult...) Luquillo, Porto Rico.......... Mar. 4,1900 | L. Stejneger...... LTO] EBA Cee ee OG ceeesectae ats ot ced sec cclesnee GO aeeattesee Gos eece see mela) -=--00-..| Vieques Island :2..-..-....... Mar. 26,1900 |....-. (6 (o Ven apiacmaens Description, p. 604. Drag 2... daeethksss dot: ake eee [Sac roe eae (ers diy eae oe Pye: Y Sol sao Coes pee er GOV ee aerate Seas el oti lekieic Ko Koy es eee Ose seer 145". .=-00).-.\.. =. Mvat me ne ete eae ewve wee ea| estes GOs sisters dor sae =o -S" Description, p. 605. 2ie0s. | Loune=.| Ponce, Porto Rico. --.-....... Apr. 16,1900 | C.W. Richmond .| Near military road, 3 miles east of city. 27306") Aduli |... < Giese meee tiene joe eater domsoe: I. Stejneger --.-.. Description, p. 605. SOU ees Ove see oc OOi eo atise seis oee oe se since’ lewicee Oiyerssen | across Owe ace Do. MPBDSHEee ROO mec|s- see GO essa een itewaid en's sicim- e | scmcor (6 GO Te eee eeae (0 (0) See ee Do. DIB09) | 22 AO a=;2lls~ =. GOs Sant caas cons oo sar ases|maee (Geyaspseae| monse Oy Ss eatascee Do. 2733 U0 eee 0 (Tiere eee Oj sea sae eens ee s'ec ce dwnaseeear Goin. 52s\eseee GOs tresses Do. Pine ene GO ns|sacee GO Man sasicnciestisciic sco scweslleeeee oom mec Sener GO aasitacesce Do. C7 BI CAN Eee s (oye espe GO esis oe salads oaetoscanleaeate DOR reca | aeciee COM sees Do. Fig. 52. SPHAERODACTYLUS MONENSIS¢ (Meerwarth). 1901. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis @ monensis MrrrwartH, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, XVIII, p. 20 (type locality, Mona Island; types, Ham- burg Mus., nos. 1207a-b). This form is diagnosed by Mr. Meerwarth as having 46 to 48 scale rows around the body and as having the scales on the upper side of the snout imbricate. Through the kindness of the authorities of the Naturhistorische Museum in Hamburg I was allowed to examine the two type speci- mens. I found the scales decidedly smaller than in specimens of S. macrolepis from St. Thomas, consequently still smaller than in S. grandisquamis. ‘The specimens are quite young and pale. On the smallest there are indications of the shoulder band. The scales on the chest are keeled. Habitat.—This species seems to be confined to Mona Island, where a couple of specimens were collected in 1891 by Mr. Bock and sent to the museum in Hamburg. Genus MABUYA? Fitzinger. 1826. Spondylurus Frrzincer, Neue Class. Rept., p. 23 (type Scincus sloanii Davupry). 1826. Mabuya Frrzincrer, Neue Class. Rept., p. 23 (type M. carinata Firzincer). 1830. Euprepis Wacurr, Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 161 (type S. multifasciatus Kun). 1834. Euprepes WrEGMANN, Herpet. Mex., p. 36 (emended). 1845. Mabouya Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 93 (emended). 1848. Elabites GisteL, Naturg. Thierr., p. ix (subst. for Huprepis WAGLER) 1862. Mabuia Corr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1862, p. 185 (emended). @ Monensis=from Mona Island. ®A word of Carib origin applied to several kinds of lizards. 608 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. The Slippery-backs, as these skinks (Scéncidx) are called by the English-speaking people of the Antillean islands because of their smooth, shiny surface, belong to a family of lizards widely distributed over the Tropics of both hemispheres. They are not numerous in America, however, and in the territory we are here dealing with only one species occurs. Fies. 53-55.—HEAD-SHIELDS OF SCINCID LIZARD. cs, Chin-shields; d, disk on lower eyelid; e, ear- opening; /, frontal; jn, frontonasal; fp, frontoparietal; 7, interparietal; i, lower labials; 7, loreals; 7b, upper labials; m, mental; m, nasal; nc, nuchals; p, parietals; pf, prefrontal; pn, postnasal; 1, rostral; sc, Supraciliaries; sv, supranasal; so, supraocular; ft, temporal. MABUYA SLOANII.¢ (Daudin.) 1803. Scincus sloanii Dauprin, Hist. Nat. Rept., IV, p. 287, pl. xv, fig. 2 (type locality not stated; type in Mus. Paris; said by Duméril and Bibron to be from St. Thomas, collected by Richard pére). — Humeces s. Dumerit and Bisron, Erpét. Gén., V, 1839, p. 639 (St. Thomas).— Dumerit, Cat. Méth. Rept. Mus. Paris, I, 1851, p. 156.—Mabuya s. Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Zool., Rept., livr. 6, 1879, p. 401, pl. XXII B, figs. 3-3¢ (St. Thomas; fig. 3b is from the type).—Mabuia s. BouLENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., III, p. 193 (part: St. Croix); Jahresber. Naturw. Ver. Magdeburg, 1894-1896, p. 113 (Mona Island).—Mersrr- wartH, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, X VIII, 1901, p. 37 (Mona I.). 1838. Tiliqua richardi Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., II, Dec. 1838, p. 292 (type locality St. Thomas; type in Mus. Paris; same specimen as type of S. sloanit Daudin). 1845. Mabouya sloanei Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 94 (locality, Jamaica, erroneously; Paris Mus.). 1859. Mabouia enea GuENTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) IV, Sept. 1859, p. 212 (St. Croix) (not of Gray). 1862. Mabuia cuprescens Corg, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1862, p. 186 (type locality, St. Thomas, W. I., coll. Riise). 1863. Gongylus (Eumeces) agilis REINHARDT and LuETKEN, Vid. Middel. Naturh. Foren. (Copenhagen), 1862, p. 229; author’s separate, p. 77 (St. Thomas, St. John, Just vy. Dyck, Mus. Copenh., Vieques, according to Riise). 1868. Mabuya fulgida Corr, Proce. Phila. Acad., 1868, p. 311 (Porto Rico) (not of 1862). «Named for Hans Sloane, 1660-1753, who, in his Voyage to the Islands Madera ete., (London, 1707) described a skink from Jamaica, which Daudin believed to be the same as the present species. oe eee HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 609 1881. Euprepes spilonotus Gunpuacn, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 311 (Porto Rico) (not of Wiegmann 1837).—LFuprepes (Mabuia) spilonotus Prerers, Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 708 (Porto Rico).—Sranx, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, p. 159 (Porto Rico). 1887. Mabuia nitida GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 51; extr. p. 27 (type localities, Porto Rico and Santo Domingo; types in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambr. ). A direct comparison between the six typical specimens of JL ful- gida from Jamaica (U.S.N.M., No. 5759) and the specimen from Porto Rico here figured and described, for the loan of which I am greatly indebted to Prof. S. Garman, convinces me that Bocourt and Garman are correct in regarding them as distinct forms. I can not agree, however, with Professor Garman in the nomenclature he pro- poses, following Boulanger, as he does, in ascribing the name JZ. sloandt (Daudin) to the Jamaican form. True, Daudin referred Sloane’s Lacertus minor levis, from Jamaica, to his Se¢neus sloandi under the impression that it was the same species as the specimen he described as being in the ‘** Museum (histoire naturelle de Paris,” without giving the locality of the latter, but we have Duméril and Bibron’s express statement to the effect that his type was collected in St. Thomas by Richard pére,“ and according to modern rules of nomenclature the name follows the type. It is consequently the Jamaican form which requires a different name, Wiegmann’s J/. sp/lonotus being apparently available for this form. I have been unable to find any character by which the Porto Rico specimen can be separated from typical J/. sloanii. The type of the latter has a somewhat abnormal arrangement of the frontonasal and the prefrontals, the former being very short and the latter broadly in contrast, but on the whole the St. Thomas form seems to be the same as the Porto Rican. Professor Garman has pointed out the characters separating the two forms from Jamaica and Porto Rico, though I must add that one of the characters, namely, the alleged lower number of scales from chin to vent in the Jamaican species does not seem to hold, as in our series the number varies from 48 to 60. On the other hand, there is a strong tendency in the Jamaican form towards three pairs of nuchals. Of the six specimens before me there is only one specimen with two pairs of nuchals; two have 3 on one side and 2 on the other; while three specimens have three pairs of enlarged nuchals. It must be admitted that no one single character seems to be abso- lutely constant, but it is believed that it will always be possible to refer a specimen to its proper category by a combination of the domi- nant characters. Thus, separated supranasals and three pairs of @ Plus tard, Daudin en publia une description d’aprés individu méme que nous venons d’écrire ici. * * * Nous possédons un seul exemplaire qui a été recueilli dans l’ile de Saint-Thomas, l’une des Antilles, par Richard pére. NAT Mus 1902 39 610 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. nuchals seem to predominate in Jamaican specimens, while suprana- sals in contact and two nuchals belong more to the eastern form. During my visit to Berlin in 1901 I was enabled to examine two inter- esting type specimens in the Natural History Museum there, thanks to the kindness of the curator, Dr.G. Tornier. They were Huprepes semi- teniatus and £. spilonotus, both described by Wiegmann from unknown localities. The latter (No. 3785) has three pairs of nuchals and the supra- nasals are not in contact, thus agreeing with the Jamaicanform. The other (No. 5290), #. semiteniatus, has two pairs of nuchals and the supranasals are in contact; it has also 32 scale rows around the body. In these respects it agrees with JZ. sloanii, but the coloration is so different and so peculiar that I can not refer it to this species. On the head and anterior portion of the body there are two very dark brown longitudinal bands, with a narrow, light band on the middle line. The dark bands gradually taper off posteriorly, disappearing on the middle of the back. The lateral dark band is traceable to the groin. 58 Fias. 56-58.—MaBUYA SLOANII. 2 xX natural size. 56, top of head; 57, side of head; 58, underside of head. No. 6052, M.C.Z.C. Description of adult.—Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambr. No. 6052; Porto Rico. Head depressed, snout moderate; supranasals broadly in con- tact behind the rostral separating the latter from the frontonasal, which is broader than long and in contact with frontal; nasal irregu- larly trapezoidal with the large nostril in the posterior half; a small postnasal; two loreals, the posterior about twice as large as the anterior; prefrontals separated, in contact with both loreals, just touching second supraocular; frontal about as long as its distance from posterior end of interparietal, in contact with second supraocular only; four supraoculars, first small, scarcely touching frontal, second largest, just touching prefrontal; four superciliaries, second very long; two frontoparietals in contact with second, third, and fourth supraoculars; an interparietal, behind which the parietals are in con- tact; two pairs of enlarged nuchals; a transparent disk on lower eye- lid; temporals large; the sixth supralabial forming a long subocular, there being five subequal supralabials anterior to it; mental followed HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 611 by an unpaired postmental and three chin-shields on each side, the first pair being in contact on the middle line, the posterior two sep- arated by a median scale; ear opening round, small, about the size of the disk of the lower eyelid, without projecting scales in front; dorsal scales perfectly smooth; 32 scales round the middle of the body, 61 on middle line from chin to vent; limbs overlapping when pressed against the side; vent bordered anteriorly by six scales, the two middle pairs somewhat enlarged. Color (in alcohol) above bronzy tawny olive with a pale dorso- lateral band extending from the supranasals over the superciliaries to the middle of the body where it gradually disappears; this band is bordered above by a narrow and often disconnected line of dark brown spots and below by a broad dark brown band from nostrils over ear and shoulder, gradually becoming lighter and disappearing on the groin; labials and lower parts pale olive buff with a touch of bluish, labials dark edged; sides of neck in front of shoulder and upper parts of limbs spotted with dark brown. Dimensions. nm. SHOUD LORVED leer Seok een ame 1a eee cy Bi eco aes e a ad 73 HS TOKOMOIUE JOYCE Siro) oYsvaubayeR aE Sa en) ayt SOE ee ree ee ee ere ree 14.5 ACEO 4 SPO aaa a Seca et ie Mere A SR pe) 36 OREM ws ened eee On Ne BP eerie ee bee ee 20 ETT Gein ype eee a SP tk Ne Sine rent Pare et 25 TRB SSeS the 8 sey ee Ep OREN. eee (NER Cnn) PNR. Eee gy defective. Variation.—This species, like all the others of the genus, shows con- siderable variation, especially in the head shields. Thus, the type has < remarkably short frontonasal, behind which the prefrontals are broadly in contact. Sometimes there are only four supralabials in front of the so-called subocular, which in this case is the fifth labial. Garman states that there are occasionally only three supraoculars, and that the number of scales on median line between chin and vent varies from 60 to 63, but a larger series would probably show a greater variation. The normal number of scales around the body is stated to be 30. The two specimens recorded by Boulenger from Mona Island have the supranasals touching behind the ventral without forming a suture; frontonasal broader than long: five or six supralabials anterior to sub- ocular; 32 scales around the body; typical coloring. Three specimens from Mona Island in the museum at Hamburg (No. 1476 a—c) have all two pairs of nuchals and two pairs of chin-shields in contact; in two specimens the supranasals are in contact, while in one they are barely separated. A fourth specimen (No. 1206) has the supranasals similarly arranged and in addition three pairs of nuchals. Habitat.—This species, which is recorded from Vieques (Riise), Porto Rico (Cope, Peters, Gundlach, Stahl, Garman), and Mona (Boulenger, Meerwarth), must be quite rare now, as it was not seen either by Mr. 612 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Baker and the rest of the U. 5. Fish Commission party nor by Dr. Richmond and myself. Its present scarcity is probably due to the mongoose. Mabuya sloani occurs also in the Virgin Islands, and according to Garman the form inhabiting Haiti is identical with the Porto Rican species. Genus AMEIVA4 Meyer. 1795. Ameiva MEyeER, Synops. Rept., p. 27 (type A. americana = Lacerta ameiva). 1820. Amaiva Kuut, Beitr. Zool., p. 115 (emend.). 1840. Amieva Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., V, p. 114 (error). 1845. Scolocnemis FirzincEr, Syst. Rept., p. 20 (type A. lateristriga). 1843. Pholidoscelis Frrzincer, Syst. Rept., p. 20 (type A. major). 1871. Amiva Corr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1871, p. 220 (emend.). The family Teiidee, to which the Ameivas belong, represent in the New World the Old World typical Lacertide. Some of the species, like the South American ‘‘Teju,” reach a considerable size. In places where the true Iguana does not occur, as in Porto Rico, they are often known to the inhabitants by this name. Within our area only two forms occur, namely, Ameiva exrul, in Porto Rico and Vieques, and the form recently described by Boulenger as A. alboguttata from Mona Island. They are very closely related, the latter being plainly descended from the former. The main differ- ences are as follows: a' Generally white-spotted only on the posterior half of the back; femoral pores averaging 15.5 on each side; number of scales in fifteenth tail segment from base averaging 45; median gulars forming a group of slightly enlarged scales; plates on upper arm much wider than long...........-...--.-..4 A. exul, p. 612. a’ Back with white spots to the neck; femoral pores averaging 13.3 on each side; number of scales in fifteenth tail segment from base 34; median gular group of enlarged scales less differentiated, often confluent with the adjoining scales; plates on upper arm slightly wider than long ........--..4 A. alboguttata, p. 618. AMEIVA EXUL ? (Cope). 1862. Ameiva plei Corr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1862, p. 65 (not of Dum#érin and Brsron); (St. Thomas, Santa Cruz, Porto Rico).—Prrers, Mon. Ber. Berlin. Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 708 (Porto Rico).—Gunp.acu, Anal. Soe. Espan. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 311 (Porto Rico).—Srant, Fauna Puerto- Rico, 1882, pp. 69, 158 (Porto Rico). 1862. Ameiva plei var. exul Corr, Proe. Phila. Acad., 1862, p. 66 (type locality, Water Island; type U.S.N.M. No. 30696; A. H. Riise, collector). 1863. Ameiva riisei ReE1NHARDT and LuETrKEN, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren., (Copen- hagen) 1862, p. 232; authors’ separate, p. 80 (St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, Water Island, Vieques, Porto Rico).—Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Zool., Rept., 1874, livr. 4, pet xx, B, figs. 3-3¢ (St. Thomas). «Said to be a local South fiaeree name; a mentioned by Margrave. b A wanderer; an exile. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 613 1885. Ameiva riisii BouLENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II, p. 354 (St. Thomas).— GarMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 11 (Porto Rico).—MEEr- wartH, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, X VIII, 1901, p. 30, pl. 1, figs. 7-9 (St. Thomas). 1893. ? Ameiva vittipunctata Borrrarr, Kat. Rept. Mus. Senckenberg., I, p. 74 (Porto Rico) (not of Cope). A minute comparison of the large number of specimens brought home by the expedition with the type of A. ewu/ and with a good Seton eee. mS 3S Bi Dey n oh 2) a / a a Lor | 65 Fics. 59-65.—AMEIVA EXUL. 12 x natural size. 59, top of head; 60, side of head; 61, underside of head; 62, dorsal view of fore leg; 63, ventral view of hind leg; 64, dorsal view of hind foot; 65, preanal plates. No. 27221, U.S.N.M. series of specimens from St. Thomas, the type locality of A. r7sez, fails to show the slightest structural difference, and thus verifies the results arrived at by Reinhardt and Luetken and by Garman. ‘The color difference pointed out by the latter I have failed to appreciate in the specimens under my observation, which show an amazing indi- vidual variation in this respect. 614 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Cope’s variety evu/ is only the young of the present species, and as his paper clearly has the priority over that by Reinhardt and Luetken (in fact they refer to it themselves) the name given by him must take precedence over A. rise. Description.— Adult; U.S.N.M. No. 27221; Utuado, Porto Rico, April 7, 1900; L. Stejneger collector.—Rostral forming an acute angle behind; nostril between two nasals; anterior pair of nasals broadly in contact behind rostral; frontonasal longer than wide, in contact with nasals, loreal and prefrontals; prefrontals broadly in contact; frontal pentagonal, in contact with first and second supraoculars, just touching the third; a pair of frontoparietals in contact with third supraocular anteriorly; five occipitals in a transverse row, the median largest; six or seven superciliaries; four supraoculars, the first in contact with two anterior superciliaries, and separated from the loreal by the first of the latter; three posterior supraoculars separated from superciliaries by a double row of granules; last two supraoculars separated from outer occipitals by three rows of small scales or granules; loreal undi- vided; six large supralabials, first in contact with both nasals, second with posterior nasal and loreal; temples granular surrounded by larger scales; mental followed by an unpaired postmental; five large infralabials; first pair of chin-shields sepa- rated by granules of the chin; between infrala- bials and chin-shields a wedge of one to three Fig, 66.—Amerva exut. granules extending anteriorly nearly to the post- ee ie vom mental; chin and throat covered with minute gran- No. 27221, U.S.N.M. ules of slightly varying size, a faintly indicated band of slightly larger ones extending across the middle in which again the median ones are forming an ill-defined cen- tral group of somewhat enlarged scales; on the portion between the two throat folds (the so-called mesopthychium) several rows of larger hexagonal scales; back, sides, and upper side of limbs covered with very fine uniform granules; underside of body with ten longitudinal and thirty-five transverse rows of square plates; three large preanal shields forming a triangle; on the lower arm a series of very wide plates (antebrachials) decreasing in width toward the elbow joint by being dissolved into several rows of smaller hexagonal scales; on the upper arm a similar but narrower series of plates (brachials or humerals) not continuous with the antebrachial series; on the poste- rior side near the elbow a small group of enlarged scales (postbra- chials); underside of thighs covered with six or seven series of hexago- nal plates, of which three rows are considerably larger than the others; fourteen to fifteen femoral pores; on the underside of tibia two rows of plates, two of the plates of the outer row being enormously enlarged; upper side of wrist with regular series of transverse plates correspond- —— iN ml IATA TN HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 615 ing to the inner and outer metatarsals; fifth (outer toe)extending as far as the first (inner); tail covered with keeled scales in rings, the scales being straight and the keels nearly parallel with the sides of the scales; about forty-three scales in the fifteenth ring from the base. Dimensions. mm Potallength: (tipror tail. reproduced)... < 22.25 sc-. £2.22 s2legssce 310 SIMO WOE oc Soca EOC Re SOE SER EE SOS 5 6 6 ae COE aerate 108 Plat Repo eOC Ucn) sor (x2 25.2 30 n = an ae ee sick ee 3%, 202 SYALOWURG ARO. CHR Os OS A cc, Si 5 26 WiidbnoineaG eeemes = oe ooo a). 7 2c Se eee eee ee ee ose cedes 16 Morereeninroni amiliaree. 5... 72. 145 oe Sees = aes oe Sok 39 Prac ePaeOMM eNO. 5 = as: 2. See eee eee eee se Sees Ste: v7 iietLOS WikhOUt Claws <=... +4 seevenees ea eeeeeus noses eases 11 liaiaveve WOKS ae eKOTIEG E72 See ees So oa clcoor J Sas eases SeeeSeeEe 6 These dimensions are only those of a medium-sized individual. The largest specimen in our collection (No. 25570, from Cayo Santiago, off the Playa de Humacao) measures to the vent 160 mm. and to the tip of the tail 470 mm., but I am sure that some of the specimens of apparently patriarchal age which I saw in the city of San Juan near the quartermaster’s “fae were considerably larger. Coloration of living specimens.—Adult; U.S.N.M. No. 27146; L. Stejneger No. 9057; Arecibo, April 3, 1900.—Ground color above of old skin (the specimen was shedding) ‘‘pea green,” of new skin more olive green, the difference being slight, however; underside pale ‘pearl gray” with a decided wash of *‘ turquoise blue” on the groin and tail; dark markings blackish; eyelids edged with whitish; iris very dark brown. A somewhat larger specimen (male), U.S.N.M. No. 27221; L. Stej- neger No. 9065; Utuado, April 7, 1900, had the ground color above tawny olive becoming olive gray on the tail; head not colored differ- ently from back; lower back with a broken network of black meshes; flanks with a series of vertical black spots on a slightly browner ground alternating with a double or triple series of pale dots, which continue indistinctly on hind legs and sides of tail; tip of snout and of lower jaw pink flesh color; sides of head pale drab; underside whitish with a bluish cast, which is strongest on the sides and under hind legs and tail. A specimen (young) (No. 27222; L. Stejneger No. 9066) from the same locality as the last had head and neck uniform tawny olive; ground color of back similar, but becoming duller toward the tail, which is drab above; ground color of flanks similar, though more rus- set nearer the light lateral line, especially anteriorly; sides of head and neck nearly uniform pale cinnamon; a narrow pale cream-buff line from superciliaries slightly broadening on the back and fading out at about the posterior third of the back, margined with blackish on both 616 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. : sides; on back and flanks a series of narrow blackish crossbars becom- ing obsolete on the lower back, the interspaces filled with roundish isabella-colored spots; lower back similarly spotted, as are also the upper side of the legs; tail above with these spots more faintly indi- cated; underside whitish with a turquoise-blue suffusion on both sides of abdomen and under the tail; underside of thighs pale gray dappled with white round spots like those on the back. Variation.—In the large series of specimens before me (58) there is considerable variation in minor structural characters. Thus the num- ber of superciliaries varies between 6 and 8; the upper labials between 5 and 8 (normally 6), lower labials between 5 and 6 (normally 5); the number of supraoculars is fairly constant at 4, sometimes one may be abnormally divided; in one instance the third supraocular is entirely separated from the frontoparietal by granules; the occipitals are of very variable size and shape, the median, perhaps, more often smaller™ than the next pair than otherwise; the central group of enlarged throat scales, or gulars, is of very variable aspect. The ventrals are nearly always in 10 longitudinal rows, and the transverse rows vary from 34 to 39, averaging about 35. The number of anal plates is by no means limited to 3. Frequently there are 5, two narrower ones being added, one on each side, to the two posterior plates, or even 6 when the anterior plate is divided by a transversal suture. Femoral pores, from 12 to 18 on each side; of sixty-seven specimens, three have 12; one, 13; eight, 14; twenty-five, 15; eighteen, 16; eight, 17, and four have 18, the average being 15.4 and the vast majority of specimens having 15 or 16 pores. The coloration is still more variable. Specimens with or without white dots, with or without stripes, are found in all localities. There are quite young specimens with comparatively few markings, but as a rule the spots and stripes become more and more obsolete with age. The pink color of the tip of the snout is also present in a varying degree, many having no trace of this tint. TTabitat.—The ameiva, or, as this ground-lizard is generally though erroneously called by the natives, the iguana, is common all around the coast line of Porto Rico in the neighborhood of water, salt or fresh, preferably where the ground is sandy or gravelly. In the interior it follows up the river courses, but it does not reach a high altitude. Thus, on the Rio Grande de Loiza the U. S. Fish Commission party found it as far up as Caguas, while on the Rio Grande.de Arecibo we traced it to Utuado. This species is also common in Vieques, St. Thomas, and the other Virgin Islands. It is represented in Mona Island by a closely allied form. =~ a — Te HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. List of specimens of Ameiva exul. 617 Age. Loeality. ee By bie ta Remarks. Half gr-.} San Juan, Porto Rico-....-.... Jan. 6,1899 | A.B. Baker ....... 25449 | Young..|....- OO Sees wend aeons cabaees GOn2 Se aalstee GOs ase eee 757. 5 0) ae (oe (eee GO ese sens ecinc oacate . oe l'sje ate GC assac| neaee Glofeedeosonoc 25521 | Adult ..| Utuado, Porto Rico..........-. Jan. 28,1899 |..... GOP te hss eee 25570 |....do...| Caya Santiago, Porto Rico....| Feb. 15,1899 |..... (hoy thie meee ee 25571 |....do...| Off port of Humacao, Porto |..... dos sna (50) Ua ee eee Rico. TYP eters o C0 ee (ee GO ease once eet soeeecse| pence GOyseieeee eee. (Gy. eoeeeoenee GY 3 eC Coe eee (ClO 5 Bes ice Seca ee ete C6 C0 rae ne [Aer Goes ss425 22882 2p9/4.| Half gr.|..-..: UG pee ajes cece e ue aide is se3) Aes Gowers. sce eoees (C10 eA seaee ee 25575 | Adult ..|/..... OO eer sae ceca newatescc-slaeees dO ja a4|saace GON sees te 255) (| Wess eee aces GO eseet cee sok de asexic te sselaaane GO) sek aseefacate Gomersaseabe POO. \oeaeGO)-neli=~2 3 COE ease he sees Skee oe eee leeees GO 222222 \eteee Gone sss. 2 BOD TS) lo cee Oram a| oes c x Clo} -eusar 35 an eres ee act Gos ese asleeae (Cloyne ge eee, a PODTO | Sane O!Sex|sac2 AGG cases cssenseece noes Meee GOrs see sles Opes Sse eee 25581 | Half gr .| Arroyo, Porto Rico .........-- Feb. 4,1899 |..... (Ghee ocoaeeaec POO2 es cdOwselosice GOs Sek oes: ES lees Gt pee peed eaten GOp see esc. BOOS) |e <= 10%: =| <0) GO ase smectite. oer eee lesions Cs [oars pera GO) a2 5. sane eee 5 Se Gal MRO (0 Vo eee [ae GOR 2 S265 node noe Rae eee AO) sesso lances Copssete ss asne SDOSD ae te O mae) ao se CER ear anaes a creeee sane Clases based GO Mess - Sete. 25608 | Young..| Ponce, Porto Rico .........--- Jan. 31,1899) |. .._- doy Aeeaece-eee 25635 | Half gr .| Catafio, Porto Rico........... Jan. 4,1899 | U. S. Fish Com- mission Fish- : hawk. Bpbsou| i= GO) se|- = 2o< GOs ee cet conan ates scess Se See GO acres |oaetere Got eee ke cha 25637 | Young..|..... GO ss Sa- haw cceceeea belleae se (oe eaeaee sonee GOR eons e sas URTBIS? 5 oe COCO Sc en et (0) ae ee ea yeaa ae el Berna 8 oaree=al nase Comtesse ee Papa ees cO Or =| ont sUan, POLO. RiICOs.. ss soncl2 22 ~ ADS. Bascs Ops a. Hest seke Php )|/= 22-00 ose|s 202 OO Saas BASE e aSes aR eeeee oars COME sss le cane Gomes 2st ass 25654 | Adult ..| Catafio, Porto Rico........... Jans 12,1899) |< ..- GOReccmaceeses ZOHOD) | saeed Oras) ess MOR terse so aes oae aes saee| oats Choise Se S| | ae (6 Ko erates eas oie 25656 | Half gr .|.--.- GOs se isos a etek chals base (6 {oy reer ae || Sees okone Sea ee te a 2HGD ih 5-2 Oeee |e s2- GO Ses otee tee oc tesn Soe. |besee Go S254 52|222-2 OR OE Reese D5ODBI 225.00 cic jena GO eeeceech each ase nseersecclsecee Oe siss|escine GO see ese eee 25659 | Young..|...-- LO Oo Sete ds tee SIS a8 Oi eee ie sae falopsas Mae aes. 4 25660 | Adult ..| San Juan, Porto Rico ........ Jar.) 21751899) ie dO e422 ese Pag (r= 5200! 2.5 2=5. MO pacts Soe steric dos shh use (6 (Oe seers) eer Co (a eer eee PDOs Sees OO moe | -o2 GO nese eoemeet asec a-ccises| aeons CO BEANS sca Sacee DOjio555 See DOGO dl a= 2cOlsce | is< > GD 3 Seb aee ne sees epee ae eee 0 Kee Sat cae dOcecea-neeeee 25664 |..--ss see oe ace eee A. monensis, p. 646. c? One shield between the superciliaries and the supraocular semicircle border- ing the supraocular granules anteriorly. d+! Width of head as great, or greater than distance from tip of snout to cen- ter of eye; anterior femoral scales keeled, gradually diminishing; color PRCOMISM Semen on oo5 2 on aoe sons eae eeaa aaa A. evermanni, p. 647. d? Width of head less than distance from tip of snout to center of eye; anterior femoral scales smooth, abruptly larger than the others; color brownish or SUAS Se ile. bose wid one da cee a eee eee mand A. stratulus, p. 651. b? Dorsal scales large, flat, keeled, imbricate, very much like the ventrals, which are very strongly keeled, the keels forming continuous ridges. c! Lateral scales granular (fig. 108). d‘ Width of head much more than half the distance from tip of snout to ear- opening; four to six median dorsal scale rows more or Jess abruptly larger than the others (fig. 108); skin of dewlap in male, orange... A. krugi, p. 655. d? Width of head about one-half the distance from tip of snout to ear-opening; dorsal scales gradually increasing in size from the laterals toward the median rows (fig. 112); skin of dewlap in male, crimson. A. pulchellus, p. 660. c? Lateral scales imbricated, keeled (fig. 117)-...........--22 A. poncensis, p. 665. ANOLIS CUVIERI¢ Merrem. 1820. Anolis cuvieri Mrrrem, Syst. Amph., p. 45 (type locality, erroneously, Jamaica).—BovuLenceER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II, 1885, p. 23.—Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 27 (Porto Rico). 1829. Anolius velifer Cuvier, Régne Anim., 2 ed., II, p. 29, pl. v, fig. 1.—Guirtn, Icon. Régne Anim., Rept., 1830, pl. xu, fig. 1—Anolis v. Dumérin and Brpron, Erpét. Gén., IV, 1837, p. 164.—Dummrit, Cat. Méth. Rept. Mus. Paris, I, 1851, p. 59.—Reryuarpr and Luerxen, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren., (Copenhagen) 1862 (1863), p. 260; author’s separate, p. 108 (Vieques, Tortola, St. John??).—Coprr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1868, p. 312 (Porto Rico).—Prrrers, Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 705 (Anebradillas, Porto Rico).—Gunpiacu, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 308 (Porto Rico).—Srant, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, pp. 69, 159 (Porto Rico).—Xiphosurus v. Copr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1861, p. 208 ( Vieques) . The early technical history of this species is somewhat obscure. Cuvier briefly mentioned it under a French name in the first edition of his Régne Animal (1817), saying that it is from ‘‘ Jamaica, and prob- ably the other Antilles.” A somewhat crude figure is added, and from the statement that he had ‘‘found berries in its stomach” it is plain “To the great French zoologist G. Cuvier, because of his heving indicated the species in the first edition of Régne Animal, 1817. 628 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. that he had a specimen. On these meager data Merrem established the systematic name Anolis cuviert, but Cuvier himself subsequently, in the second edition of his famous work, repudiated this name, sub- stituting that of Anolius velifer. He added nothing to the original account, only eliminated the word ‘‘ probably” in front of ‘‘the other Antilles,” and reproduced the old figure. The following year, how- ever, Guérin published another figure, without a description, under the latter name. Seven years later Duméril and Bibron give a very elaborate description, under the name of Anolis velifer, of the only specimen in the museum at Paris, the origin of which they were ignorant of, but suspected to be from the Antilles. No mention is made of it being the type of the species, or of Jamaica being its hab- Fias. 81-84.—ANOLIS CUVIERI. 81, side of head; 82, top of head; 83, under side of hind foot. Nat, size. 84, skin on side of neck, and dorsal crest. 2x natural size. No. 26999, U.S.N.M. itat, as alleged by Cuvier. Neither is there any mention in Duméril’s Catalogue (1851) of the reptiles in the Paris museum of this specimen being Cuvier’s type, notwithstanding the statement on page ii of the introduction that ‘‘all these types [those of Cuvier and others], so precious to the naturalist, who should always take them as standards of comparison, have consequently been exactly recorded in all cases in which they have been found.” Nevertheless, the probability is that they had before them Cuvier’s original specimen. We next hear of the species in 1861, when Cope reported the habitat to be Vieques, and in 1863, when Reinhardt and Luetken identified specimens from Vieques and Tortola with Duméril and Bibron’s deserip- tion. Afterwards specimens from Porto Rico were similarly identified eS ee HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 629 by Cope, Peters,and Garman. When Boulenger published the second volume of his catalogue of lizards the British Museum did not possess any specimens of this species, and his description is apparently only a condensation of that of Duméril and Bibron. It is consequently to be noted that no direct comparison of Porto Rican specimens has hitherto been made with the type specimen without locality in Paris. Detailed as Duméril and Bibron’s description is, it is not sufficiently so for proving whether their specimen really is the Porto Rican form and not the same as A. ricordii, from Santo Domingo. So much is certain, that the characters which they rely upon for distinguishing the two species do not hold in any one particular. As a matter of fact, the two descriptions both fit Santo Domingo specimens, some agreeing with that of A. velifer, some with A. récordii. It may even be stated that the character assigned to the former as particularly dis- Fics. 85-86.—ANOLIS RICORDII. Santo Domingo. 85, side of head; 86, top of head. Natural size. No. 12108, U.S.N.M. tinctive, namely, the greater flatness of the scales on top of the snout, is more characteristic of the Santo Domingo specimens than those from Porto Rico. Another distinction derived from the descriptions of Duméril and of Boulenger (namely, the scaling of the gular pouch, that of A. ricordii being entirely covered with granules, while that of A. velifer (=cuvier2) is said to be ‘‘ nearly naked, with only a few lines of small ovalo-rhomboid, feebly keeled scales on each side” does not hold either, as it is only a sexual difference, the former being that of the female, the latter that of the male. Nevertheless, the two species differ quite sufficiently to establish their claims to separate specific recognition. The differences between A. cwwer7, from Porto Rico, and A. ricordiz, from Santo Domingo, though slight, are both constant and easily applied. The scales on top of the head seem to be smaller in the for- s 630 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. mer. Thus, whenever the individual scales can be made out, I find a series of scales between the two rows which form the frontal ridges, while in A. ricordiz the scales of the two ridges join along their whole length. In the former the scales which surround the occipital cavity on the sides and behind are flatter, more polygonal, and distinctly keeled, while in A. ricordii I find them to be undifferentiated, rounded, and _ tuber- cular, like the others. In A. cuweri the scales covering the loreal triangle are somewhat larger, especially the k:. lower row, and all the scales on the Fic. 87.—ANoLIs cuvrerr. Side of tail Sides of the head are rougher, while in at level of fifth spine. 2x mnaturalsize. 4° pjeoprdiz they are fairly smooth. The No. 26843, U.S.N.M. : : scales on the sides of ‘the tail are smaller in A. ricordii than in A. cuviert. At the level of the fifth ‘‘ray” there are about 10-14 longitudinal rows and 3-4 vertical rows between the rays, while in A. r7cordii we find about 16-20 longitudinal rows and 5-6 vertical rows between the rays. In the latter the scales are also more regularly squarish, forming more regular vertical rows. There may be other minor differences, but the above appear sufficient for distinguishing the two species with comparative ease. Any possible uncertainty as to the exact applicability of the name A. cuviert to the Porto Rican spe- cies is now set at rest, thanks to the kindness of Prof. Leon Vaillant and his assistant, Dr. Mocquard, at the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. In order to satisfy my- self on this question, I sent them copies of figs. 87 and 88, repre- senting the pholidosis of the tail of both species. After a careful iss comparison with the types, Dr. Fic. 88.—ANOLIS RICORDII. Santo Domingo. Mocquard wrote, under date of aca ae aS Si February 21, 1901: The type specimen of Anolis velifer Cuv. (=An. cuvieri Merrem) agrees exactly in the pholidosis of the tail with the drawing of No. 26843 [fig. 87]. Between the fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth spines of the caudal crest the scales form three or four vertical rows and two longitudinal rows. On the lateral aspect of the tail, as also indicated on the drawing, they are disposed in verticils, in each of which there may be counted ten more or less irregular longitudinal rows of scales. The vertical rows do not appear quite as regular as the longitudinal series. On the other hand, the drawing of No. 12108 [fig. 88] corresponds to the pholidosis of the tail of Anolis ricordii D. B. (Erpét. gén., t. Iv, p. 167). *¥ bA PA AS 7. BS rey Tomas ep HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 631 Description.—Adult male. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambr., Mass., No. 6167; Porto Rico; Dr. Stahl, collector. Top of head flat, with only shallow depressions on prefrontal and occipital region, the scales being rather small and roughly keeled and tuberculated, even those on top of the snout, but especially those of the supraorbital semicircle and frontal ridges; about nine enlarged supraoculars, flat, keeled, and in contact with the semicirculars; supraorbital semicircles separated by about three scale rows from each other and from the occipital, which is barely noticeable; scales surrounding the occipital depression on the sides and behind rather large, flat, polygonous, each witha strong keel; six loreal rows, the scales composing the lower row next to the supralabials largest; one row of large keeled suboculars; 7-8 supra- labials to under the center of the eye; temporals flat, with a low tubercle, all the scales of the sides of the head being more or less rugose or wrinkled; ear-opening rather small, upright, oval; back and sides covered with uniform scales tuberculated or keeled, separated from each other by one ov more rings of minute granules; on the median line of the neck and back a series of about fifty triangular spines forming a saw-tooth ridge scarcely connected with the caudal crest; ventral scales about same size as dorsals, though more closely set, but not keeled or distinctly tuberculated except on the flanks; scales on chin and throat more elongate, distinctly keeled or tuberculated; scales on upper side of fore limbs larger than dorsals, juxtaposed or imbricate, keeled, becoming larger and multicarinate toward the hand; scales on upper side of hind limb similar, though less sharply keeled; scales on under side of femur slightly larger than ventrals, indis- tinctly tuberculate; digital expansion well developed, about thirty- three lamelle under second and third phalanges of the fourth toe; tail strongly compressed, basal half with a high fin-like crest supported by about fourteen bony ‘‘rays,” the elongations of the neural spines of the caudal vertebre; scales covering sides of tail flat, keeled, those on the fin between the ‘‘rays” elongate, three to four rows between rays, about fourteen longitudinal rows on side of tail at the level of the fifth ray from the base; gular appendage very large, with distant rows of small tuberculate scales on the naked skin, the edge being rounded, thickened, and scaly; large postanal plates. Dimensions. mm. Mota lencthy pees i asiss. Sots 5 ses bee See bes See ees ea ssa 402 SNOW bOPaNUsee sae. Se eet Sees por oR ke ee ee 2. 126 PAM TIS TOlen cd Olatallee ea s— tar Oe eee, 4 oe et ee Eh eek Cee ath 276 SHOULhO eat OPeQIN Oeste ata ke see ee ee ai pe Seno oe pele le cre 42 Greatest width OrmNed des... err earn sa ene wee cee Lee or 24 TeVor gS Naan of pao ee ie aed OER PA ED es EOE T 8 oot | Be nh ee hs es ey RN 59 bn dglimiDs'* 22 see ae ae So ere eee Cee ae ELS St 96 632 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. The adult female differs chiefly in having no fin to the tail, a smaller dewlap with the scales set more closely and uniformly, and in lacking the enlarged postanal plates. The upper edge of the tail is even, the ridge on the posterior two-thirds consisting of a series of rather flat more or less regularly hexagonal scales of nearly equal size sur- mounted by a keel, but slightly higher than those on the lateral scales. It is a curious fact that the young of this species is unknown. Moreover, nobody seems to have described the young of the corre- sponding species, equally large and peculiar Anolis, which inhabits the islands of Haiti, Cuba, and Jamaica. As we know the adults of the other species, it is not possible that any of these can be the young of these giants, nor do any of them present structural characters which would strengthen a suspicion in this direction. The large species do not seem to be common on any of the islands, but that fact hardiy explains why no young ones or even half-grown specimens have thus far been observed. Colors of living animal.—Adult male; U.S.N.M. No. 26848; L. Stejneger, No. 9021; Catalina plantation, about 890 feet altitude; Feb- ruary 21, 1900. Iris hazel, with a bright brassy ring bordering the pupil; general color above greenish gray; back clouded with brown- ish and sides with blackish dots, the dusky of the back and the black spots on the sides arranged in four perceptible, though indistinct, cross-bands; eyelids blackish, with a citron-yellowish spot above and behind the eye and a smaller one in front; under the eye a long semi- lunar white spot barely invading the posterior supralabials; several whitish spots on temples and sides of neck; underside white with dark- gray mottlings and spots; dewlap delicately Naples-yellow, scales on the edge white; legs indistinctly crossbarred with dusky bands more or less spotted with blackish. Tongue pale cadmium orange, whole interior of mouth of same color, but duller. During my absence three specimens, all males, were brought alive to Dr. Richmond while in Luquillo, two of which (Nos. 26999 and 27000) were colored like the above, while the third (No. 27001) was uniform emerald green when alive. In alcohol it is colored like the others. Habitat.—This giant Anolis seems to be confined to Porto Rico, Vieques, and Tortola, but is absent on St. Thomas and probably also on St. John. In Haiti it is replaced by a nearly allied species, A. ricordiz. In Porto Rico it occurs at least as high up as 900 feet above the sea. It.is rather rare, since none of the Fish Commission parties obtained it. This scarcity can hardly be attributed to the mongoose, as it seems to live in tall trees rather than on the ground. As already stated, young and half-grown specimens are as yet unknown. Besides the specimens from the localities mentioned in the list below I have exam- ined two specimens in the Hamburg museum, collected by Mr. J. Michaelis at Arecibo in 1900. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 633 List of specimens of Anolis cuvieri. a] | NM ae Sex and age. Locality. Whence By yar ee Remarks, 12448 |..-.-.- Maleaduillt=s-|peOruowicO -....-. |. sceace = [Latimer?] .-.--- EO eee aa) Be OOichee sso |eseee OEE oe ae scee coca sesoe saeco ena meee GOV cemreree HOAAQN | So ofan oo GOS eee |-reee UE CORRS AASSAMe Beare bapacsroe jcc OO oases HOBOS v= == = Female adult|....- O10) 5388 See REE cise Minor Oise: Sass22 26843) |... <<. Male adult ..| Catalina planta- | Feb. 21,1900..| L. Stejneger..... Northeast side of tion, Porto Rico. El Yunque, 890 feet altitude. Description, p. 632. 26999 |....-- me eC Ole ses 3 2 Luquillo, Porto Rico| Mar. 7,1900..| C. W. Richmond - 700 eee ree Gots -suleesae WOES ers. ok efeoulseeere NO AP Ber Slicaece GOs. esses Description, p. 6382. 7A US eee eee (ols aeseeta sade Glee ASeMeEepeclocosd dO ss-cesleeer Ko] Mee Semanoes SK eee Female adult] Humacao, Porto | Spring, 1900..| L.C. MeCormick. Rico. PAGO |S foo < |S se Gorse = Mayaguez, Porto | Oct. 16,1901..| B.S. Bowdish - --- Rico. eswice 6167 | Male adult ..| Porto Rico.........|-----s.---..-..| Dr. Stahl ..-.-.-.|'See Bull. -Essex Inst., XTX, 1887, ci p.27. Specimen described and figured, p. 631. ANOLIS GUNDLACHI®@ Peters. 1876. Anolis gundlachi Perers, Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 705 (type locality, Utuado, Porto Rico).—Gunpuacu, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 308 (Utuado, Porto Rico).—Srani, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, pp. 69, 159 (Porto Rico). 1885. Anolis gundlachii BoutENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II, p. 25 (Porto Rico).— Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 27 (Porto Rico). It will be noticed that the animal described and figured by me differs greatly from Peters’s original description of Anolis gundlachi. The discrepancies are so many-and so great that at first I felt quite con- fident of having a new species. My doubts were dispelled, however, when I took my specimens over to Berlin and compared them directly with Peters’s types, with which they are identical. The present species in many respects resembles A. crzstatellus, which also has a caudal fin and a brownish ground color. It is easily told apart, however, by the more numerous scale rows between the supraorbital semicircles and between the latter and the occipital. Description.—Adult male. U.S.N.M. No. 26903; near top of El Yunque Mountain, 2,863 feet altitude, February 25,1900. Head with two slightly diverging frontal ridges; forehead hollow; all the head scales keeled or wrinkled; rostral very low, narrower than the men- tals; about eight scales in a series between the nostrils, those nearest the latter distinctly elongated; three to four series of scales separating «To Dr. Johan Gundlach, the distinguished Cuban naturalist. Born in Marburg, Germany, July 17, 1810; arrived in Cuba in January, 1840; died in Havana, March 14, 1896. 634 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. the supraocular semicircles, the lateral ones larger than the median series; occipital, much smaller than the ear opening, separated from the supraocular semicircles by eight or nine rows of scales, which are but slightly larger than the median dorsal granules; supraorbital disk consisting of about ten enlarged, polygonal, keeled scales in three rows surrounded by granules; three or four scales between the superciliaries and the supraocular semicircle bordering the supraocular granules anteriorly; canthus rostralis sharp, consisting of four or five elongated shields and continuous with the superciliaries which extend backward to the supraocular semicircle, though diminishing greatly in size pos- teriorly; loreal rows, seven or eight; subocular semicircle in contact with supralabials; supralabials 8, the suture between sixth and seventh under the center of the eye; temporals numerous, granular, with a bare indication of an enlarged supratemporal line; dorsal and lateral scales BOR SRS Fics. 89-91.—ANOLIS GUNDLACHI. 89, top of head; 90, side of head. 2 x natural size. 91, side of tail at level of fifth spine. 4 x natural size. No. 26903, U.S.N.M. very small, almost granular, sharply keeled, a few rows along the median line slightly enlarged; ventral scales much larger, imbricate, keeled, those of the throat smaller, more enlongated, also keeled; fore legs above with imbricate, sharply keeled scales about the size of the ven- trals; femur and tibia similarly covered; the underside of the femur with minute scales, about the size of the smaller dorsals and distinctly keeled; fingers and toes above sharply multicarinate; digital expansion narrow, about seventeen lamelle under phalanges ii and iii of fourth toe; tail long, compressed, the basal half above with a fin supported by about sixteen bony rays; the fin being about as high as the muscular portion; the upper edge of the fin with a series of slightly enlarged scales, the one capping the ray still larger, thus forming a slightly serrated undulating crest; no regular verticils, but the rays set off sec- tions of about six scale rows, the corresponding number of scales on the HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 635 upper edge being five; dewlap moderate with distant series of keeled scales, anterior edge thickened; postanal shields slightly developed. When in affect the skin on the median line of the neck and back is raised up so as to from a high crest of rounded outline and deeply notched over the shoulder much after the fashion of Anolis hrugi, as shown in the frontispiece. Dimensions. mn. oO taliglenothivee ses assays sias 2552 ls aesGra Sas e ee eeee seers ae 200 ADE Cs SULA CM by et ise 2 ot a5. sow ora ae oe wees ee ae 68 WGI AKG) UO) (OH ETL ee ee rr eS ee eee 132 BRR SELOUID VOIGT ac os. 6 <<8 Soa aa chien Pee ee IE at eee 20 AWatclt hit oe edicl Meee tgs che. Se aa SR eee Sates fea ee 12 omen eoy se eens |. SoS ose ooo bt Saelnee eee PO ee a ee ee ene 35 nae ares ean aoe 52 5 a se oe ee a oe 58 The female differs chiefly in the absence of dewlap, fin to the tail, and postanal plates. The tail is nearly cylindric, the median series of scales above being only slightly enlarged and forming a scarcely appreciable serration. The full-grown female appears to be consid- erably smaller than the male, one (No. 27270) distended with large eggs measuring only 42 mm. from snout to vent. One of the eggs meas- ures 11 by 5 mm. Variation.—The greatest variation is found in the size of the occip- ital and the scales which separate the latter from the supraocular semicircle, the number of rows sometimes being as low as five. These scales are always sinall, almost granular, and their increased number appears to be at the expense of the occipital, which is sometimes quite small and difficult to distinguish. In exceptional cases the median row of small scales between the larger ones separating the supraocular semirings is absent, in which case there are only two rows. The number of polygonal scales composing the supraocular disk is also very variable, there being often as many as 17 or 18. In some speci- mens, especially younger ones, the ventrals are less sharply keeled than in others. Color of living specimens.—Adult male; No. 26903, U.S.N.M. (L. S. No. 9031); Camp El Yunque, 2,863 feet altitude; February 25, 1900. General color dark olive above, with five wide lateral nearly black cross bands, which barely meet on the median line, while on the sides they are very close together, being only separated by an oblique series of small yellowish spots; a wide postocular blackish-brown band passes above the ear and joins its fellow of the other side on the back of the neck; top of head densely marbled with indistinct spots of brown edged with dusky; edge of eyelids, semicircular line formed by the keels of the suboculars, as well as alternating spots on the supralabial sutures lemon-yellow; underside dull olive-yellow, chin bright lemon-yellow, the entire under surface densely marbled with blackish; underside of limbs similar, but paler; limbs above cross- barred olive and blackish, like back; tail similarly crossbarred, but 636 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. slightly browner in the basal half or a little beyond the compressed elevated portion, followed by a median uniform blackish portion and a terminal part which is uniform pale brownish olive; feet nearly uni- form dusky; dewlap very large, with thickened edge, the color of the skin being a dull orange-olive, the distant scales straw yellow; iris blackish brown; tongue plumbeous. No. 26900, adult male, same locality, February 26, very similar, but the crossbars less well defined on the flanks. Another adult male (No. 26901), same locality and date, on the other hand, was more deeply colored, the oblique strings of yellowish beads across the velvety black sides being very conspicuous. Eye deep indigo blue. No. 26902, also an adult male caught at the same place and time, was nearly uniform olive brown when captured, but the pattern came out gradually and the body color became lighter while being held alive in the hand; feet above black; chin back to the beginning of the dewlap bright orange yellow, the dark marblings on the yellow being Indian red. A pretty high cervico-nuchal fold of rounded outline. A young specimen, No. 26904, same locality and date as No. 26903, resembled the latter closely, though lateral crossbars and oblique bands of yellow spots were obsolete; a pale vertebral band extends from occiput to some distance on the tail, the black dorsal crossbars being hourglass shaped; dewlap present, but small. Another young specimen (No. 26905) was uniformly velvety blackish brown above. Numerous specimens collected at Adjuntas (1,450 feet altitude) during the second week of April agree in color with those from El Yunque, including the yellow chin, though they did not seem to be as dark and velvety, the greater richness of the color in the latter locality being probably due to the greater humidity. The narrow bands of pale bead-like spots on the flanks, the yellow spot on the chin, and the dark metallic blue of the ‘‘ white” of the eyes may be regarded as absolutely characteristic of this species. Habitat.—This species seems to be confined to the coffee belt and the high mountain tops above it. In the western portion of the island it probably goes farther down than at the eastern end, where we found none at the Catalina coffee plantation, about 900 feet alti- tude, though it is to be noted that the United States Fish Commission party obtained a single specimen (No. 25723) on the slope of El Yunque, somewhere between 600 and 900 feet above the sea. At Utuado, in the west, it occurs, though apparently rare and not at the level of the town. There is no record of the exact altitude at which the types were collected, and the single specimen obtained by me dur- ing a diligent search for nearly a week (No. 27180) was taken in a side valley at least 100 feet higher than the town, consequently over 500 feet above sea level. At Adjuntas it was common in the coffee planta- HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 637 tions, and near the top of El Yunque Mountain it was almost equally common in the original forest. List of specimens of Anolis gundlachi. U.S. ae = Gres When col- : ae Sex and age. peat Tented: 25451 | Male adult .| Adjuntas, Porto Rico..... Jan. 30, 1899 25723 | Young: ..... El Yunque, Porto Rico...| Feb. 19, 1899 26900 | Maleadult..| Camp El Yunque, Porto | Feb. 26, 1900 Rico. 26901) | 5255. dOlesset2| 20551 GO esas eacacis cclocseelisaa se Oss ea. -s 26902 |..... dOiaraaen|Paace GOs sscsccncecssaccasslesecs dOjsscesae 26903 |..... (Sa ane (0 SRE sosneeseosnoe Feb. 25, 1900 26904 | Young......|..... OO paced se aacsecasheses]s cake Cope ssoe 26905: |<... GoesssrelSaass EOeteacacseccmaset Feb. 26, 1900 ZIASO) | |z <= Clie esen Utuado, Porto Rico......-. Apr. 7, 1900 DIAS Ss 26. Gon 8.28 Adjuntas, Porto Rico... -. Apr. 18, 1900 27244 | Maleadult..|..... Ope yee ee ea ooo doee-25- Dieto) | BIE oT 2 o. olccen COR eee e sons) SUE ge COjnceeas 27246 |....- (Oia shad Bone (OO a ee ners Seaepee Saees GOesees4< 27247 | Maleadult..|..... (OU) cece a tee ee ee mem Cee ChE Renee 21248) | oo 2 3 Ole asoe| heen GOeee sass Jose Sass s.a8 Goze sas5 ALA Wo ae a dO esse sloese GOS PEH ie oes Se ance tse GO seco ne Lips | eee COMeesctleecee GO eee aeetee tec oscrlaaces dos. 5-222 27257 | Fem. adult .|..... GO tas sob agasesk cess Apr. 12, 1900 27260 | Maleadult..|....- Gaia ARS. 235 Apr. 14, 1900 Poff ee Oko ee eee mene GO CEs Sasatee ooee te aeaeleane GO vase = ae P7262) Y= 3 GO).- ses se aat GO! Ses caesar teeter le oarec (oc apeeeire e BI265 Poses ¢ Or. eee Se AO Sassere Ste eae Apr. 12, 1900 27266 | Fem.adult -|...-- dO 283. cease ethos Glo} mccees IPD ELE PT 6822 os =. GO Be cha ee sae cece nal saree GOrse=e-- IOS) |Sernae GO sescalls cae. GON Se eeeerebeesacsaecltesee doses. 27269 |..... Aes a2 |2oace CO Ese eRe ARE ocae dotessas: 27270 | Fem. adult .|..... GOs Mat ce ees (Paes dortonees DID | MOUNDS. oon c|'oes ae GOfeteean ee Sener tate nee EO aa scne Opp sa Eee AGieeac-|se ses GOS tae Pea sce eale see GOss: ee By whom col- lected. Remarks. A.B. Baker U. S. Fish Com- mission. Li Stejmerer. os. 5 - El Yunque Moun- tain, near top, al- titude 2,978 feet. El Yunque Moun- tain, near top,al- titude 2,978 feet. Description, p. 636. El Yunque Moun- tain,near top, al- titude 2,978 feet. Description, p. 636. El Yunque Moun- tain, near top, al- titude 2,978 feet. Description, pp. 633, 635, El Yunque Moun- tain, near top,al- titude 2,978 feet. Description, p. 636. El Yunque Moun- tain, near top, al- titude 2,978 feet. Description, p. 636. Topotype. Description, p. 635. 638 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. ANOLIS CRISTATELLUS¢ Duméril and Bibron. 837. Anolis cristatellus DumERIL and Brsron, Erpét. Gén., IV, p. 143 (type local- ity, Martinique).—Dumerit, Cat. Méth. Rept. Paris, I, 1851, p. 58 (St. John, Marie-Galante, Guadeloupe).—RrrNHARDT and LuETKEN, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren., (Copenhagen) 1862 (1863) (p. 249), author’s separate, p. 97 (St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, Just v. Dyck, Vieques, Water Island, Tortola, Porto Rico).—Bocourtr, Miss. Sci. Mex., Zool. Rept., livr. 2, 1873, pl. xiv, p. 12 (Martinique).—PrErErs, Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 706 (Porto Rico).—GunDLAcH, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 309 (Porto Rico).—Sraut, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, pp. 69, 159 (Porto Rico).—BouLENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II, 1885, p. 26 (St. Thomas, Dominica, Martinique).— GaRMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 27 (Haiti, St. Thomas, Bayamon, Porto Rico, Morant I.).—Mzrrrwarru, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, X VIII, 1901, p. 21 (St. Thomas, 8. Domingo, Porto Rico).— Xiphosurus c. Corr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1861. p. 208 (St. Thomas). si SSS SSSR Seas SNe = aR esses 92 94 Fias. 92-94.—ANOLIS CRISTATELLUS. 92, top of head; 93, side of head. 23 x natural size. 94, side of tail at level of fifth spine. 5} x natural size. No. 26803, U.S.N.M. Description.—Adult male, U.S.N.M. No. 26803; Pueblo Viejo, near San Juan, February 14, 1900. Top of head with two diverging frontal ridges, which, with two similar, but reversed and lower, prefrontal ridges, inclose a lozenge-shaped frontal hollow; head scales nearly flat, except those forming the supraocular disk, which are keeled or, rather, tuberculated; rostral low, narrower than the mentals, six or eight scales in a series between the nostrils; supraocular semicircles in contact with two small scales between them at the intersection of the sutures; occipital as large as the ear-opening, separated from the supraocular semicircles by three rows of scales, which are flat and « Having a little crest; from crista, crest, cristatus, crested. a HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 639 many times larger than the largest dorsal granules; supraorbital disk consisting of about ten enlarged, polygonal keeled scales surrounded by several rows of granules; two small and one large scale between the superciliaries and the supraocular semicircle bordering the supra- ocular granules anteriorly; canthus rostralis sharp, consisting of five elongated shields, the second one from the superciliary ridge being particularly large; superciliary ridge consists of one very long and narrow anterior shield followed by a double series of smaller scales which separates the supraocular granules above from those covering the lateral orbital region; loreal rows six, with raised lower edges; subocu- lar semicircle keeled, separated from supralabials by one row of scales; supralabials nine, the suture between seventh and eighth being under the center of the eye; temporals granular, with a bare indication of an enlarged supratemporal line; dorsals minutely granular, the granules being pointed or keeled, with a bare indication of a median double series of slightly larger ones; ventral scales large, imbricate, rounded behind and flat or slightly convex, those on the throat smaller, more elongate and more strongly convex; fore legs above with sharply keeled scales, those on the upper arm smaller, those on the lower arm larger than the ventrals; anterior face of femur and underside of tibia similarly covered, the scales on the former gradually decreasing on the underside, the upper side of both being covered with granules like those on the back; scales on fingers and toes sharply carinate; digital expansion wide, about 20 lamelle under phalanges ii and iii of fourth toe; tail moderate, compressed, the basal half above with a fin supported by about 14 bony rays; caudal verticels distinctly indicated by a vertical series of more enlarged scales, those between being pointed and smaller, in about nine vertical, somewhat irregular series, all imbricate and keeled; the scales covering the upper edge of the tail raised and spinous, forming a serrated ridge the teeth of which increase in length toward the posterior end of each verticel, about six spines corresponding to each verticel in the basal portion; dewlap large, with distant series of scales, the anterior edge thickened; post- anal scales slightly developed. The dermal folds on upper neck and back are present, the former quite prominent, the latter perhaps less so than in Anolis gundlachi. Dimensions. mm. Motalhlenotht.ss=s-s-2s2-— SEE ee te SO ee eet el eet 145 Aipicisnouttoyvent Aiuto eect eee eee 2 eels ee East 560 Went toxtip of tales tat ees eek eee ae SoS eee See 85 PO OMSNOUL. LO COAG = ooo. 5 ee oe eh Bae uly Waodth ot leads < 2 eer sa 5 See Se aoe ae oes a oy = Seen eee 110 Pi OIMAMOU GLO! Chil tie '- odes oc Seno mint menise {tects 6.5 14 Pirin en it hen ieee tee po. Nk be Re ee ae EE A 85 emmensigy 5 ee bee estou SG Si 2 iad. eee ees tet ai eys 2 ae 21 BMT Leys AAS ae eae oy Shei aets ok Sein: Sc elk soe ane eters a 40 The females have merely an indication of a dewlap and a nuchal fold; they also lack postanal plates. The young are devoid of the dermal folds. Variation.—There is a variation in the scutellation similar to that in all the other species, though perhaps of less importance in this species, as its differences from the nearest allies are to be found more pronounced in other features. Thus there is one single row separating the supra- ocular semicircles as often as two, and there is considerable variation in the number of rows on the loreal triangle (five to seven), of supra- 42 NAT mus 1902 658 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. labials, etc. The number of rows of clearly differentiated imbricate keeled scales on the back is also variable to some extent, but they always form a narrow zone along the median line of the back. Colors of living animal.—Adult male, Cat. No. 26874 (lL. 8. No. 9023), Catalina Plantation, El Yunque, 890 feet altitude, February 21, 1900. General color bright yellowish olive-green, sides of back and flanks with minute black spots, larger on back, but none along the median area occupied by the enlarged scales; from under eye through ear to groin a broad and very distinct line of canary yellow, brightest, nearly lemon yellow, on middle of flanks; a black spot immediately behind eye, but no postocular band; underside paler, more buffy; immediately below the lateral yellow band the color is more olive, with minute black specks; hind legs posteriorly suffused with ferru- ginous; tail crossbarred with dusky; dewlap yellowish, gradually deepening to orange toward the edge; eye dark brown, nearly black, with a faint silvery edge to the iris; eyelids edged with whitish. Another adult male (No. 26876, L. S. No. 9030), caught the follow- ing day on the same Berea was in every respect similar to the above, but in addition the temples and the dorsal surface of the neck were densely speckled with bluish white dots, the equivalent of the black dots on the back. The female, No. 26875, U.S.N.M. (L. S. No. 9029), same locality and date, was above dark olive-brown, Hale oy sides below lateral line; the latter straw-yellow, beginning on supralabials below nostril through ear to groin; color of sides gradually fading into pale yel- lowish on belly; edge of eyelids whitish. Scarcely any indication of a nuchal fold or a dewlap. The specimens (6) which I collected at Utuado (altitude about 500 feet) on April 6 had the lateral stripe pure white and not yellow. The live colors of one were noted on the spot as follows: No. 27157, U.S.N.M. (L. 8. No. 9063). Head and a broad stripe down the middle of the back, olive-brown; sides of back abruptly much darker, nearly blackish, bordered below by a pure white band extending from snout over labials through ear to groin; below this olive-brown dusted over with black; underside whitish; behind eye- opening a conspicuous black spot; dewlap orange with white scales. After death the dorsolateral dark band fades and is replaced by num- erous minute black dots, while the neck above is dusted over with minute bluish white dots. In the large specimens the outline of the median dorsal band in life is straight, while in the young ones caught to-day [April 6] it is strongly scalloped. In all six the lateral stripe is pure white, even in one which was just shedding, and extends to the groin. All the individuals seen were colored like these. At Adjuntas (altitude about 1,400 feet) the specimens collected and observed on April 13 had the lateral stripe, which was distinctly HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 659 defined all the way to the groin, of the same vivid yellow color as those observed on the Catalina Plantation, but one individual with yellow stripe which was kept alive over night had the stripe white on the next morning. FHabitat.—Thus far Anolis krug? is only known from Porto Rico. It resembles A. pulchellus so closely, however, that it would not be surprising if it should be found to have been confused with the latter in the higher altitudes of St. Thomas and other islands of the Virgin group from which A. pulchellus is recorded. In Porto Rico itself this species is limited to the intermediate region between about 500 and 1,500 feet altitude, though in exceptional localities specimens may be found above and below these limits. We found it common at Utuado and Adjuntas, also on the Catalina Plant- ation, but it is not found normally on the coast plain, where its place is taken by A. pulchellus, nor on the higher mountain tops. 25460 25512 25527 25597 25598 25599 26864 26873 26874 26875 26876 26898 26993 27157 27158 27159 27160 27161 27162 27200 27201 27202 27203 27204 27252 27253 27254 27277 List of specimens of Anolis krugi. When col- By whom col- Sex and age. Locality. lected leatede Remarks. | =| Male adult ...) Lares, Porto Rico....-.-. Feb. 26,1899 | A. B. Baker ....-. | Female adult.) Utuado, Porto Rico...-. Jan. 27,1899 | oases Gon -a-teee es Male adult .... Cayey, Porto Rico....-- Feb. 38,1899 |..... GOR et ee eeee peer dOeee eee Adjuntas) PortouRicos=s|\Janer29 1899" eee oedo ces see nese Half grown...|-...- GOSS oscesecccee Palteec Goese <2 ohie tein i= dos sscenceeeee S325e HOS e Sabb bes Seo aes Go eee ese lo ee an rears Ko Nene ee WOUnp ahesss. | Catalina Plantation, | Feb. 21,1900 | C. W. Richmond..| Porto Rico. | Female adult. ..... OG. 5p ane Mar. 2,1900 | L. Stejneger...... | Male adult -..|....- GOmsan setter sae ee Feb. 21,1900 |..-..- CO Mesteaceeos Description, p. 658. Half grown...|..--- GORE acetate es Feb. 22,1900 |....- GORE ease Do. Male adult .-..|..... GOs eet Leake loteee CKO RES nee 6 CO ee | Description and | fig., pp. 655, 656, 658. eset do .....---| Between Catilina Plan-; Mar. 5,1900 |.....do-............ tation and Mameyes, Porto Rico. visecs doe ----- pbeuween, Mameyes and, P22 2d) .-ese spears Ole a eee eee Luquillo, Porto Rico. mpaisere dore-e---- |) Utuado; Porto) Ricos.-..| Apr, 651900 |---- -dO:...---------| Deseription, p. 658. Siecle GO masa sail Sree sie Ol tarsre Sroimare re ajaistseren | seiko OO lemaee al lets oe OMpa seme aeee ac Re ees LO yee ees aces Ore ee mie ciate ents ainieieie'| saree, Ota eset h eycrer= l Operne rece Haliverowne salec. ss G Ol. eon one alas settles cee GON eeeees | pacers Comet teases: Bene GOre ekisasa| Goer mack Sacais~ ocala SOL oe els eee OO). et sete eeets YOUNES s-sssnalececs Oleedosondsstcodsooeel aces GUO) occ ce eljoooe- GOee. eases: Female adult.|..... (KOS eter - 38 Apr. 8-9, 1900 |..... (0 Va pete Mee ae Male adult -..|..... COM senses se Saee alee GO aeesees| tacts (KONE Sone = eee eS aan GOvs2nye 26s choke dO mecca Peeeaswseeelheess Ose ceemeilaees oOOeee swe ccs 2! See GO 2s wine): sc pelle aac Sew oe cac baer eO Omecce ase ace dOta-snce.aees ee GO: oes cells s 22s O eseaenacase saeeiee eee OU Ofeeeeeeo|te 0 On.consnccs 2 Bisse dOess-.224| AG UMtAS SEOrtOmIeO ss) eA pIee Low G00n pase Oras ooeace se Se a Oe 5es ee eect O eects eee e eae alte el OV sere er mel ase SOLOS 2 ooh 28 occ Boas MOwe sss os e2e oO access emceecead aber Ones meee Mew OOr..~ ccc eS co OGeee ee oe ne ie LO Oe ene eee eeee PADI an S00 Ca Weikiehmond. - 660 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. ANOLIS PULCHELLUS “@ Duméril and Bibron. 1837. Anolis pulchellus Dumirm and Bisron, Erpét. Gén., IV, p. 97 (type locality erroneously stated to be Martinique; Mus. Paris, Plée, col- lector ).—DumeriL, Cat. Méth. Rept. Mus. Paris, p. 56 (1851) (Martin- ique ).—RermnHarpr and Luerken, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. (Copen- hagen) 1862, p. 257; author’s separate p. 105 (St. Thomas, St. Croix, Tortola, Just v. Dyck, Vieques, Porto Rico).—Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Zool. Rept., livr. 3, 1874, pl.. xvi, figs. 28-28a (type).—PETERS, Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 706 (Porto Rico).—Gunp- LacH, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 310 (Porto Rico).— SraHi, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, pp. 69, 159 (Porto Rico).—M&Er- WARTH, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, XVIII, 1901, p. 25 (St. Thomas, Porto Rico).—BouLenGeEr, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II, p. 67 (1885) (St. Thomas).—Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., XIX, 1887, p. 48 (Haiti, Porto Rico, St. Thomas). The type locality of Anolis pulchellus is given as Martinique, col- lected by Plée, but it can be asserted with confidence that the state- ment is erroneous, and that the species does not occur in that island, nor in fact on any of the Caribbean islands south of the Virgin group. It is only one of the many instances in which Plée’s reptiles were accredited in Paris to Martinique because shipped from this island. Plée collected both in Porto Rico and in St. Thomas, and from one of these islands the type has come. Duméril and Bibron’s description of A. pulchellus agrees best with the form here so designated. It certainly does not apply to either of the species we call A. Avugi or A. poncensis. On the other hand, there are a few discrepancies in the relative size of the dorsal, lateral, and ventral scutellation; but, although rather detailed, the original description is not sufficiently precise. I have not been able to com- pare my Porto Rican series with St. Thomas specimens, and there is consequently a possibility that they may be different, and that in the later case the name of A. pulchellus may be applicable to specimens from St. Thomas only. In this connection I wish to call attention to the possibility that although only one species of this group of Anolis is recorded from St. Thomas, namely, A. pulchellus, at least one other may have been confounded with it and overlooked. A large series of these lizards from the Virgin Islands is therefore a great desideratum as well as a direct comparison with the types in Paris. This species is closely allied to A. krugi, differing chiefly in the greater extension of the enlarged keeled scales on the back, in the much lower and narrower head which is covered with larger scales. In A. krugi the interorbital space is consequently wider with larger and more numerous scales between the supraorbital semicircles, and the loreal rows are also more numerous. The adult males are easily told apart, the A. pulchellus having the skin of the dewlap crimson, while in A. krug? it is orange. a Pretty. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 661 Description.—Adult male; U.S. N.M. No. 26809; Pueblo Viejo, near San Juan, about sea level; February 17, 1900. Top of head with two slightly curved low frontal ridges bordering a very shallow frontal hollow; head scales keeled and wrinkled; five scales in a row between nostrils; supraocular semicircles separated by one row of scales con- siderably smaller than those paving the floor of the frontal hollow; Ventrals. Laterals. SS SS Middle of se back. Laterals. OX SCCY Ventrals. Ky << Ss 112 116 Figs. 112-116.—ANOLIS PULCHELLUS. 112, scales around middle of body. 53 x natural size. 113, side of head; 114, top of head. 23 x natural size. 115, underside of hind foot. 2 * natural size. 116, side of tail at level of fifth verticil. 5} x natural size. No. 26799, U.S.N.M. occipital about the size of the ear-opening, separated from the supra- ocular semicircle by three rows of scales; supraocular disk composed of seven or eight enlarged, polygonal, keeled scales, separated from the semicircle by one row of minute scales; two scales in front of the supra- ocular granules between the superciliaries and the supraocular semicir- cle; canthus rostralis consisting of four elongate, narrow shields, the 662 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. third almost as long as the others together; superciliary ridge consist- ing of one very long and narrow anterior shield, followed by a double row of small scales separating the supraocular granules from those sur- rounding the eye; loreal rows four; subocular semicircle keeled, broadly in contact with supralabials; eight supralabials, keeled, the sixth being under the center of the eye; temporals granular with a well-developed double supratemporal line of scales; dorsal scales small, much smaller than ventrals or those on upper side of arm, keeled, gradually fading into the lateral granules; ventrals large, imbricate, sharply keeled, the keels forming continuous ridges, those on throat much smaller, narrow; arms above and femur anteriorly covered with keeled scales fully as large as the ventrals; scales covering hands and feet above strongly pluricarinate; digits very long and slender, expansion moder- ate; 20 lamelle under phlanges ii and ili of fourth toe; tail very long, more than twice the length of head and body, moderately compressed, covered by large, imbricated, keeled scales with but very slight indi- cations of verticils, and the median series above consisting of similar only somewhat larger scales forming a feebly serrated edge; dewlap naked with distant series of scales, the edge thickened; postanal plates scarcely indicated. Dermal fold on nape and back very strongly developed in life. Dimensions. mm. otal length 2... 225.<1..cc jet ase ce ee ee ee 145 Pip of snout to Avent. sp. oe eee ke ee 42 Vent ‘to tip of tal <> 2.2.3 S28 See ced ee ee Ee ee 103 Mp obsnout torears] 2 hae s ee eke eters see te eae a ee 14 Width ob eae 2 a2 o's eee Re SR ee en ee yr a Koreidlée 222 352k ates ete Sie cee sees Sees et ee = es ee eee iy ind Mees. 2 SSN RS ee ase ne ee eee oe eee ee ee 31 The females have a mere indication of dewlap and nuchal fold; the young are devoid of both. Variation.—The most important variation in this species appears to be in the size of the dorsal scales. Thus in the specimen figured the median dorsals are nearly as large as the ventrals, while in the one described they are much smaller. The single row of scales separating the supraocular semicircles is sometimes disconnected sufficiently to allow a pair of the semicircular shields to touch. The loreal rows vary between four and five, exceptionally six, etc. The relative size of the scales on the interorbital space and in — frontal hollow is also variable. Colors of living animal.—Adult male; U.S.N.M. No. 26799 (L. 8 No. 9001); San Antonio, near San Juan, February 12, 1900. Iris dome brown; upper surface dull clay-colored, more dusky along the median line; head darker, more brownish; from eye to half way down the EO of neck a bnccal black line, and another on the edge of the lower HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 6638 lip; a third blackish line, but considerably fainter, on lower edge of mandible, being more distinct between ear and shoulder; flanks and underside Naples-yellow, a stripe on upper labials over ear to shoul- der more primrose-yellow; on flanks a series of oblique, elongated spots of brightest gamboge-yellow narrowly margined with black; skin of dewlap bright crimson anteriorly verging into dark rose-pink, posteriorly into orange, the distant scales arranged in rows and colored gamboge-yellow. Three specimens (No. 26800-2) collected at Catafo, near San Juan (sea level), the next day were browner above and postocular streak less dark; no yellow spots on sides. An adult male (No. 26809; L. S. No. 9018) collected at Pueblo Viejo (also near San Juan and at sea level) on February 17 was above almost olive-yellow. gradually fading into the pale waxy-yellow of the belly; head nearly tawny ochraceous; supralabials to ear primrose-yellow; in continuation with this line a well-defined dusky band from ear to loin sprinkled minutely with gamboge-yellow and with several irreg- ular cross markings of the same color on flanks; tail and limbs faintly crossbarred with dusky; a black postocular spot, but a dark postocu- lar band is only faintly indicated; dewlap crimson as in No. 26799. Another adult male, same locality and date (No. 26810), is similar, but color above more dark olive, strongly contrasting with the flanks, which are bright Indian-yellow; a few dusky specks in the olive- colored area. In none of the above specimens was there any Jateral pale band beyond the shoulders. I have recorded two specimens, however, both taken at Pueblo Viejo, the same locality as the ones described above, on February 14 and 17, respectively, which had a light band on the flanks when alive. Of these, No. 26808 (L. 8S. No. 9015) is quite young. Above rich tawney brown, with irregular dusky markings; upper mandible and a stripe over the ear to the shoulder sulphur-yellow, continued behind to the groin, but duller ochre-yellow, and bordered above and below by a dusky line; underside pale straw-yellow. The other specimen, No. 26811 (L. 8. No. 9020), 1s quite similar to Nos. 26809 and 26810, described above, but upper side and flanks are rather densely speckled with blackish; the supralabial-supraauricular band is primrose-yellow to the shoulders and continues beyond as a distinct gamboge-yellow band to the groin, the flanks underneath it being pale olive with yellow, dusky-margined vertical markings like No. 26799; as in all the other specimens, the dewlap is crimson. Curiously enough this yellow lateral band, which in this species appears to be exceptional, fades out entirely in the alcoholic speci- mens, while it is permanent in the allied A. hrug?. Habitat.— Anolis pulchellus, as mentioned above, is not confined to Porto Rico, but is recorded as numerous in the Virgin Islands, speci- 664 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. mens from St. Thomas, St. Croix, Tortola, and Just van Dyck being in the Copenhagen museum. The latter also has it from Vieques, though neither the /%sh Hawk expedition nor I myself collected it on that island, and for some unexplained reason it may be scarce around Isabella Segurida, the only locality visited by us. Prof. S. Garman also mentions specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, as having been collected by Professor Ackermann at Port au Prince, Haiti; but, as in the case of Anolis stratulus, this locality is unconfirmed, and no other collector has apparently found this species in Haiti. Is it possible that there is some error involved in Professor Ackermann’s record and that the specimens of both species were actually collected in St. Thomas, although possibly shipped from Haiti? In Porto Rico A. pulchellus is confined to the coastal plain and its extensions into the larger river valleys up to an altitude of about 500 Remarks. feet. The highest localities from which we have it are Caguas and Utuado. At the latter place it occurs alongside of A. krugi, which occupies the higher altitudes. List of specimens of Anolis pulchellus. 25482 | Malead.| Afiasco, Porto Rico........-.. Jan. 21,1899 | A.B. Baker ....... D548 35 Perel Ome leaker MO Si5 sph ote ae cle es eaekmonaleean Govnssenn_|eeaes Ot ss - shee DABS 9S do J |ca Goss A ass eee eee Sees GOS eLee8)| Pees Code 33. eee OMASS Me. Ad Ole ox|iseee WO oto se ee eas saben s see Renee OTe ansoee|SeSac (oo) es Aon Ae QhaRe os sd0) j-aloseee OOC Ree eee eee ee eons 6 Coe | Pe Ld GOs cactus 2487 ees do reclceces GOs. eso ste ebceeeseees aelcesee GO 25 cee lence GO chee eeeee 25488 | Female.|..... (OLD eR Amer ee a —mmeit al oes ar Goss see eee Ore sseo eee 25489 | Half gr .|..... GO!

26090 | Young..|..... GOReree see eapl sae Feb:. 15,1899 |... = AO seesiweziasis = 26799 | Malead.} San Antonio, San Juan, | Feb. 12,1900 | L.Stejneger ....-- Figs. 112-116; de- Porto Rico. seription, p. 662. 26800 | Young..} Catano,San Juan, Porto Rico-.|] Feb. 14,1900 |...-- Goes -essss: Ss Description, p. 663. BbSUe ee e0O ccchesc-« OCG 3952 Se eae oer Ol eee bance GO Sena eects DHSU2neeeed Ores c laces OOMprerce cases. sees oesce|aeeae GO.52 Soseclse-se COM of ss Sesacc- 26808 |....do...| Pueblo Viejo, San Juan, |..... co oper el een GOr pee eee Do. Porto Rico. 26809 | Malead.|..... AOne a saee cack ceccacceactes Feb. 17,1900 }...-- GO Ss ee a Description, p. 661. PGSM |-e2s00:-5.)..<. OO Mee saacse sae sassscesse neers GO}. a52%25| sae GOs eeeeee Description, p. 663. DG Sieln | soe. Or 6's sos GO) 2 Set oe see stcsceeleee ee dOn¢ Sere ses CO ees Do. BbSI2|F 20On.2|..202 (Choe ere A ORE Oreo nace (Gloves cecal Pe aae (OO oe Serene 26813 | Female.|.-... OSs. eee eee oe sess eeress Co Coe ae ace CO ss- sees ae 26814 |....d0...]..-.. GOfae oe sesso cleesee see tees |rasee (6 Coe e eee bane GOs case eee cas 26995 | Young..} Between Mameyes and Lu- | Mar. 5,1900 |....- GOs tees a2 quillo, Porto Rico. ; PORE eepicd (eel Reeoe GOS ue teemenennesacesellsaccs AO assaalesese Co (Ree ees aaa, OOD Te cree CLO Varela; GO as senses eee ee Stee Se Gorrrceseelee se Glo Retesne snes ODI B ile a SOLO etaia lll aie = CON ee een ee ae eee eck Sala nee dOas=ssbclesace CO sees isas cess 27199 | Malead.| Utuado, Porto Rico........--. Apr. 8-9, 1900 }....-. COME a ess onaes 2252) eee O)s =|) ONCE POrtO RICO)-sesece= <- Apr 1651900) 2s. -- COME ose 27283 | Female.|..... OVO Beare som aeie eeet Beene | Irene! GOmetes close loys Seen 27284 | Male ...|...-- 6 (0 A ea ee eS ea baer dora wc|ssen GOs a feoses 27285 | Female.|....- AO Ress haste sete sosce eet esses GO eases sso: GOs ecce eet: PASO! | seers Ove as nyan as MOR Er esa o cee sak aa yskeises| veces GOR sseses (ee GOescoeeen ese PRAY (2| ames (yea eee GAO) Se SSS Se ROE aR ace GOW Peet secre (OVO es omer PI2BO" ease OOiaae | aeae DORMS GS) Sec aesoueeeeeaele ans GOResa 22 lasece (Glo Aee Sa eas ae 27298 | Male ...|..... OOM s oa cheeses esa Sees domseess C. W. Richmond -- 27299 | Female.',.... (00) Ares es eee ee era Pesce GOrne. a2, ilteae GO ence een 27300 | Half gr .|....- GORe ce et eae: oaewcteeee eee senee GOmeeeee | wosce CORP ee seen 27301 | Young..|..... GO eonacessaesee eee nea dOmassee eee OXON aaneeeeetiae Za02) | Halter 2. ic. GG ase cases ce enc Semeae sales Gores eelaeces (0 Lo fees epee es PA CME | eps o (0) ee eee Operate cence eee e roe eee domes aslee2se COPE asasee 27304 | Young..|....- OGRE se tes cecanccce Ceca reces doses ls.45 (3 (ap? eee Young... ANOLIS PONCENSIS,¢@ new species. Lhiagnosis.—Dorsal scales rhomboidal, imbricate, sharply keeled, large, much larger than the laterals and nearly as large as the ventrals; laterals not granular, and, like ventrals, also keeled; tail moderately compressed, not verticillate, upper median row of scales scarcely larger than the others, upper edge thus but faintly serrate; digital expansion moderate; occipital shield about the size of the ear-opening, «From Ponce, a city on the south side of Porto Rico, in the vicinity of which the type was collected. 666 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. separated from supraorbital semicircles by one or two scale-rows; semicirculars separated hy one row of scales or in contact; dewlap of male covered with large, keeled, pointed, imbricate scales. Type.—No. 27294, U.S.N.M.; hills 3 miles east of Ponee,, PiU: collector, C. W. Richmond. LHHabitat.—Porto Rico. GFZ i Se Ventrals. ) i Laterals. Wasi ue \ i Mt Mi | i Middle of back. oO KN i At (| i | \ Bh )) ANN ) ANN BSD | HON 0) NOY 0) y ) ‘ Mh nx yey 00 Laterals. NY eu iit 0 eyryh aug 14 i Wie Vor ) Ks i ih K | I ] | ayn Wan j | Ventrals. 120 Fias. 117-120.—ANOLIS PONCENSIS. 117, scales around middle of body. of head; 119, top of head. 22 x natural size. 120, side of tail at level of fifth verticil. 52 size. No. 27294, U.S.N.M. 5 27289 | Maiead.| Ponce, Porto Rico ........-.-- | Apr. 16,1900 | L.Stejneger -...-- 27290 | Female -|..... GOr A BI 5-5 Ss eae GOs Bascal eee Gorse Teese Description, p. 668, | fig. 121. Zi2ol | Young...) - =.=. (Ol ae Re po {4s obo te sees eee Gow se: ss aeess Dio le. OSS aS 52x Gone. Ae a0 eS tee ee aes sees Gores. Bocce (OVO WEE PS eeeT ais 27 PABA EaEteK 6 LO eae eee G0 S~scank ee soso es est GO tae -= aes (Oe pers ae 27294 Malead.|....- OOts sc answelenstscosce setae | Dae dora s C.W. Richmond ..| Type. Figs. 117- 120. 670 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Genus CYCLURA#¢ Harlan. 1824. Cyclura Haran, Journ. Phila. Acad., IV, p. 250 (type C. carinata). 1830. Metopoceros WAGLER, Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 147 (type Iguana cornuta). 1845. Metapoceros Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 188 (errore). + 1866. Metapocerus Corr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1866, p. 124 (emended). CYCLURA CORNUTA? (Bonnaterre). 1789. Lacerta cornuta BONNATERRE, Tabl. Encycl. Erpét., p. 40, pl. rv, fig. 4 (type locality, Santo Domingo).—WMetopoceros cornutus DumERIL and Brsron, Erpét. Gén., IV, 1837, p. 211.—GueEnruer, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XI, 1882, p. 218, pls. x~ui—xxiv (locality unknown).—BouLENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II, 1885, p. 188.—Merrwartn, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, X VIII, p. 26 (Mona Island, Haiti).—Cyclura cornuta Corr, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., X XIII, 1885, p. 263. There are certain indications that the large rock iguana which lives on Mona Island is different from what is usually considered typical Cyclura cornuta from Haiti, but lack of specimens from the latter island for direct comparison with our four Mona specimens makes it impossible to prove it at present. These lizards are scarce in collections, and in no one museum is there at present material enough to decide the ques- tion; in fact, there is only one museum which has specimens both from Haiti and from Mona, one from the former and two from the latter island. The first character to attract my attention was the absence of an intercalary row of scales between rostral and nasals in all the known specimens from Mona Island, six in all, namely, four in the U.S. National Museum and two in the museum at Hamburg. Moreover, all our Mona specimens have a double row of scales between the median frontal horn and the last one of the prefrontal shields or horns. In the Haitian or Santo Domingan specimens which I have seen, or of which I have record, these features are as follows: In the type (from Santo Domingo) described by Duméril and Bibron the series of scales between rostral and nasal is well developed; so I found it in the specimen in the Hamburg Museum (No. 1047); so also in the spec- imen from Gonaives, Haiti, in the Vienna Hof Museum (collected by Erber in 1878); and so Prof. 8. Garman writes me that it is in the Haitian specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (from Jeremie, Haiti, collected by Dr. D. F. Weinland). But according to a recent letter from my friend, Dr. Siebenrock, there is another spec- imen in the Vienna Museum from Haiti in which ‘‘ the rostral is sepa- rated from the nasals by a series of scales only laterally but not medially.” Consequently, out of six Mona specimens and five from aKvkKAos, ring; dvd, tail. > Latin=horned. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 671 Haiti, one from the latter agrees at least partly with the former in the relation of the rostral to the nasals. In our four Mona Island specimens (the Hamburg specimens were not examined for this character) the frontal median horn is separated from the nearest prefrontal shield or horn by a double row of scales. In the type of C. cornu‘a there seems to be no intervening series at all (*‘la troisiéme plaque * * * touche a la protubérance frontale,” Duméril and Bibron, p. 212); in the Cambridge specimen ‘‘ the horn is separated from the hindmost of the three enlarged scales by a single row of very narrow scales” (S. Garman in letter); according to Dr. Siebenrock’s statement to me the Vienna specimen from Gonaives has likewise only one row of intervening scales, and as he makes no excep- tion for the second specimen I conclude that this is similar. As will be noted further on, there may be other differences, more important, perhaps, though less obvious, but which have not been verified in the whole series. There is consequently very good reason for belheving that the Mona Island iguana is distinct, and I would have hesitated but little to describe it as such were it not for Dr. Giin- ther’s description and figure of a specimen from an unknown locality in the Zoological Garden of London.“ These agree so minutely with the specimens from Mona that if his specimen did not come from that island the idea of the existence of two species would most likely have to be abandoned, for it must be admitted that the chances of a Mona Island iguana having found its way to the Zoological Garden in London as early as 1882 are very slight, and it is certainly much more likely that it came from Haiti or Santo Domingo. There is of course a possibility that two forms occur in the latter island, one of which is identical with the Mona form, but the whole matter is thrown into such uncertainty that it seems best to await the accumulation of more authentic material before deciding. In calling attention to the differences thus far noticed others may be in a position to judge better, and I therefore subjoin the few additional notes which I made in comparing the three specimens from Haiti and Mona in the museum at Hamburg. In the adult Mona specimen I found the enlarged keeled scales on the forearm much smaller than in the one from Haiti (ratio 20 to 12), the preauricular tubercles were much larger, also the median frontal horn; the two combs on the third toe were very large in the one from Mona, much larger than in the Haitian specimen. Description.— Young; U.S.N.M. No. 29367; Mona Island; August, 1901; B. S. Bowdish, collector. Rostral wide, as wide as mental, broadly in contact with nasals; nasal large, ovoid, perforated by a large nostril of the same shape; on each side of the top of the snout, immedi- ately behind and adjoining the nasal, a series of three large shields, 672 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. strongly convex, the posterior pair particularly so, and almost keeled; the series are separated by numerous small scales anteriorly about three inarow, posteriorly four; the anterior pairs subequal, the posterior one nearly as long as the two others together, those of each series broadly in contact without any intervening scales; separated from these pre- frontal series by two rows of scales there is a large rounded, median, frontal shield, its center on a line with the anterior edge of the orbit, Seeautpesissu5; seusareseics Wor 07 pe % rf Ay SS SES 5 SSS == 126 Fies. 122-126.—CycLURA CORNUTA. 1} x natural size. 122, top of head; 123, side of head; 124, under- side of head; 125, toes, showing ‘‘comb;’’ 126, scales on side of tail. No. 29367, U.S.N.M. convex and wrinkled radially from the center; supraocular semicircles evident, though the component keeled scales hardly exceed the similar scales which form the supraorbital disk; semicircles separated by about four rows of smaller keeled scales; occipital located well forward between the semicircles, from which it is separated by three rows of scales, on a line between the posterior borders of the orbits, smaller than HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 673 the nasals; one large keeled canthal scale nearest the orbit, the anterior ones but slightly developed; a well-developed series of strongly keeled suboculars continued backward as a supratympanic series to above the ear; ten supralabials, the suture between the last two under the center of the eye; a series of small scales separating the suboculars and the supralabials; above the angle of the mouth and in front of the lower edge of the ear a large tubercular shield and above it about the middle of the front edge of the ear another shield, convex and almost as large; tympanum elliptical, erect, large; eleven lower labials to the center of the eye; a series of enlarged malar scales, the posterior ones strongly keeled and separated from the lower labials by several rows of small scales; dorsal and ventral scales small, about eleven contained in the vertical diameter of the tympanum, rhomboidal, obliquely keeled, the keels pointing toward the median line; from the occiput along the median line of the neck and back a series of enlarged strongly keeled scales forming a low serrated crest, which is much reduced between the shoulders, absolutely interrupted on the rump, and consequently not continuous with the caudal crest; length of the crest scales on the middle of the back three to the vertical diameter of the tympanum, 51 in the dorsal crest from shoulder to rump; throat covered with scales similar to the ventrals but smaller; sides and underside of neck with numerous folds, a large median one almost large enough to be called a dewlap, joining posteriorly a strong transverse fold; upper surface of limbs with slightly imbricated, keeled, posteriorly pointed scales, somewhat larger than the dorsals, on the lower arm about seven, on the tibia about four to the vertical diameter of the tympanum; a single series of about eighteen femoral pores; inner side of second toe with one ‘*‘comb,” of third toe with two ‘*combs” (see fig. 125); tail compressed, covered with obliquely keeled scales in vertical rows forming faintly indicated verticils, about four rows of the larger scales to a verticil; tail surmounted by a crest of enlarged, pointed triangular scales forming a strongly serrated edge. Dimensions. mm. OTVMLOHUT De oe od Se co Pd Dee Gees ee a tae ee ee hes 456 bie OL ANOUL Wy VOM a8) S22 tio: ee ee Soe Sis OS os 176 WiSTIG REO Ol uOl belle tees oe eee eens Remeron ere eae 2) apy OF ROU LOCALS ne. — Fs eae On SE cee Ree oe tna 37 Width of beades = 2205 200. os eee ee Semen SU Sores sot eS 28 Hote: lumibe sce 8 rs 8 aise Pa Oe ere DUBE ne Soe ole ES 70 aid lavily ss pee Ss 2 ee aed oe Sere eek ot og 125 Wertieal diameter oloympaniin-.. 4.22.95. 6 520 erence cece 5 8 Variation.—I have described purposely a young specimen, partly because it is the best preserved one in our collection, but mostly because the young show the individual scales and shields better than the older ones. In these, from age and excessive wear, and also because NAT muS 1902 43 674 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. so many of the head shields develop into horns and tubercules, the boundaries between the scales and their shapes become obscured. The adults which reach a length of at least 1 meter are character- ized by the enormous development of some of the head shields into pointed horns or cones, and the increase in the height of the spines which form the crests on neck, back, and tail. Thus, in No. 29366, an adult male about 1.06 m. long, the frontal horn is 9mm. high and the lower preauricular shield has grown out to form a stout horn not less than 12 mm. high; the posterior pair of the prefrontal shields are also raised, forming hornlike protuberances; many other scales have their keels form sharp ridges or knobs; thus several at the posterior end of the superciliary ridge, the median pre- auricular, a smaller shield in front of the big lower preauricular at the angle of the mouth, one or two of the posterior suboculars and ‘the posterior scales of the mandibular or malar series. The nuchal crest is very low, scarcely more than 2 mm. high, but the scales of the median dorsal series have developed into flattened, more or less falcate spines, the longest of which are 17 mm., while the spines of the vaudal crest, which are stronger and broader at the base, measure no less than 19 mm. In this specimen the vertical diameter of the tym- panum is 17 mm. and equals seven of the larger keeled scales on the forearm and ten dorsal scale rows. The femoral pores are in two rows, with a few additional forming a third row near the upper end. Length from tip of snout to ear, 101 mm.; width of head, exclusive of pre- auricular spines, 75 mm. No, 29365, another adult male, differs but little from the above, the main difference being that the preauricular spines are hardly devel- oped. The femoral pores are arranged in three unequal rows, 18-19 in the anterior row, which is the longest. The adult female (No. 29642) does not differ much, except that the spines are somewhat smaller; thus the lower preauricular spine is only ) mm., the highest dorsal also 9, and the highest caudal 13 mm. The femoral pores are not large and are arranged in one complete series, with a second incomplete in the intervals between the first. The number of dorsal spines seems to be quite constant, varying as it does in our four specimens only between 50 and 55, as follows: No. 29365, 50; No. 29366, 50; No. 29867, 51; No. 29642, 55. Habitat.—lf the present species is correctly referred to Cyclura cornuta, the habitat embraces the whole island of Haiti as well as Mona. In the latter island Mr. Bowdish found it among the rocks. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 675 List of specimens of Cyclura cornuta. U.S } Nl oe 1 ser Nat. | a, pat Shi See | When col-| By whom col- | eet ak Ge Sex and age. Locality. lected: lected: | Remarks. No. | : Ss: BAe ee 29365 | Adult male...) Mona Island ..........-. | Aug., 1901.) B.S. Bowdish..... Description, p. 674. 29866 |....- Or see sa ales (i Rae aA ar Oee dO- fase. aoe Ores — ch sore | Deseription, p. 674. 29367 | Young:....-.- |----- AGES eS Se. ces anc anl yeas C6 (ee ae eae GOras asecessas Specimen figured and described, | | pp. 671, 672. 29642 | Adult female AT Gh) ee a ee la dom sees ioe ae Goa ans 30 a4 | | Genus AMPHISBAINA# Linneeus. 1758. Amphisbena Linnxvs, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, p. 229 (type A. fuliginosa). 1843. Typhloblanus Frrztncer, Syst. Rept., p. 22 (type A. cwca). 1844. Sarea Gray, Cat. Tort. Brit. Mus., p. 71 (type A. cwea). 1861. Diphalus Corr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1861, p. 75 (type D. fenestratus). 128 Fics. 127-128.—SHIELDS ON HEAD OF AMPHISBENA. /, frontal; Jb, supralabial; 1/b, first supralabial; 2lb, second supralabial; 3/b, third supralabial; 2/7, second lower labial; m, mental; mal, malar; n, nasal; 0, ocular; oc, occipital; pf, prefrontal; pm, postmental; pto, postocular; r, rostral; f, temporal. The Amphisbenians are legless, hence snakelike, lizards with the eyes concealed under the skin of the head, hence blind, or nearly so. The Spanish name, ** Culebrita ciega,” indicates the same. The animals at first sight recall more a worm than a lizard, their flesh-colored tint and arrangement of the skin in rings giving them the appearance of large earthworms. Two species of Amp/hishena occur in Porto Rico, which may be distinguished as follows: a. Body rings 220-230; suture between nasal shields very short, one-fifth or less of the prefrontal suture; one ‘temporal: -.2.< 22... -.2-22+-5+--24 1. ceca, p. 676. a. Body rings about 250; nasal suture long, more than one-third of the prefrontal Suiunessn0) tem poraleses so eee sae ae ee eee ee ae Sey 4. bakeri, p. 681 dappispaiva, a species of serpent supposed to be able to move both forward and backward. 676 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. AMPHISBAENA CECA? Cuvier. 1829. Amphisbena ceca Cuvier, Régne Anim., 2 ed., II, p. 73 (type locality said to be Martinique, but probably erroneously ).—DumeErit and Bisron, Erpét. Gén., V, 1839, p. 492 (Martinique).—Dumemrit, Cat. Méth. Rept. Mus., Paris, I, 1851, p. 148 (Martinique).—Prrers, Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1876, p. 708 (Porto Rico); 1878, p. 781, pl. fig. 4 (Mar- tinique).—GunpLacu, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 312 (Porto Rico).—Sraux, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, pp. 70,160 (Porto Rico).—Srraucn, Mél. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb., XI, 1883, p. 405 (Martinique).—BovuLencer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890, p. 79 (Porto Rico). : A number of names cluster around the original Amphishena ceca, described from a specimen said to have come from Martinique. Specimens have been mentioned and described from various localities in the West Indies or even in South America,’ namely, from the alleged type locality as given above, the Virgin Islands, Porto Rico, Haiti, and Cuba. Some of these have received separate names, such as A. fenestrata from the Virgin Islands, A. énnocens from Haiti, and A. cubana from Cuba. The characters assigned to the first and last of these are such that they have been recognized by most writers as distinct species, though it should be mentioned that Boulenger has expressed the opinion that the fusion of the ocular with the second supralabial in both type specimens of A. cubana (the only ones known at the time he wrote) may be an individual anomaly. This is not likely, however, as the U. S. National Museum has recently received two specimens from Matanzas, Cuba (Nos. 26363 and 26364), which in the relation of oculars and second supralabial agree minutely with the types. More specimens of A. fenestrata than of all the other West Indian species have reached the museums, and it seems that all those recorded from the Virgin Islands, with one exception, to be mentioned further on, agree in having the rostral produced so far backward as to completely separate the nasals from each other, a peculiarity thus far not observed in any specimen of this group from any other locality. The exception alluded to above is a specimen in the Paris Museum, mentioned by Strauch ¢ and alleged to be from St. Thomas, having been obtained from the Copenhagen Museum. It is possible that there is a mistake about the locality, for it is not likely that Reinhardt and Luetken, in describing A. antillen- sis (= fenestrata), should have overlooked this specimen. On the other hand, the Copenhagen Museum may have received it since the 4 Latin=blind. > Thus Boulenger’s Amphisbena ceca (Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., II, 1885, p. 445), from Porto Bello, probably in Brazil, has later on been recognized by himself as not — belonging to Cuvier’s species, and is stated to be the same as Boulenger’s Amphisbena ridley’, from Fernando Noronha. ¢ Mél, Biol., XI, 1883, p. 406. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 677 publication of their paper on the nerpetology of the West Indian islands, in which case considerable doubt is thrown on the stability of the chief character relied upon for the distinction of the Virgin Islands species, as it is improbable that Reinhardt or Luetken would have parted with the specimen now in Paris if it were unique. The sug- gestion that it is only an abnormal A. fenestrata, however, is strength- ened by the number of body rings, which is said to be 247. Amphishena innocens from Haiti has been pronounced an unquali- fied synonym of A. ceca by such authorities as Peters“ and Strauch,’ both of whom had the opportunity of comparing the types of both species. Reluctant as I am to question their conclusion without having examined the same material, 1 would call attention to the small number of body rings in the Haitian specimens, 211-215, and to the occurrence of only two small scutes behind the unpaired postmental instead of three. Moreover, a specimen in the U. 8. National Museum (No. 10168) from the Island de la Gonaives, off Port au Prince, Haiti, consequently not very far from the type locality of A. ¢nnocens, shows these same characters (211 body rings, 13 caudal rings). In addition it has 18 segments above the lateral line and 24 below it. Another Haitian specimen (Hamburg Museum, No. 1983) is recorded by Meer- warth as having 211 body rings and 14 caudal rings; it has 16 segments above the lateral line and 21 below. Consequently it agrees closely with the others and differs in all these points from true A. ceca. The whole question hinges essentially on the amount of individual variation to be found in specimens from the same locality. Unfortu- nately, not only is the number of specimens from each locality very limited, but not all the specimens known to exist have been described individually with sufficient details. The only minutiz given for nearly all the specimens are the number of rings on the body and tail. H we place these figures together it will be seen that in the specimens hitherto recorded there is a certain uniformity in those from each locality, with a perceptible difference according to the various localities, as follows: Martinique (7) specimens (A. ceca), 227-230 body rings; 18 on tail. Virgin Islands specimens (A. fenestrata), 242-250 body rings; 13-16 on tail. Haitian specimens (A. “nnocens), 211-215 body rings; 13-15 on tail. That we have not to do with a curious coincidence only, due in a measure to the scantness of the material, seems certain from a consid- eration. of the specimens from the Virgin Islands and from Porto Rico. Specimens from the former islands are more common in museums than the other species, about 10 being recorded in some detail, including the one St. Thomas specimen in the Paris Museum aMon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1878, p. 781. bMél. Biol., XI, 1883, p. 405. 678 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. referred to A. ceca by Strauch and mentioned above. In addition I have before me a specimen (U.S.N.M. No. 11715) from St. John, probably one of the types of A. fenestrata. In all these 11 specimens the body rings vary only between 242 and 250 and the caudal rings between 13 and 16. I may further add that our specimen agrees exactly with the other details recorded by Boulenger in his description of the 3 specimens in the British Museum, namely, 2 temporals, 4 to 6 preanals, 12 to 14 segments above the lateral line and 14 below ina ring around the middle of the body. Finally, Reinhardt and Luetken mention one temporal (or postocular) as an exception. Even if we include the so-called A. ceca from St. Thomas as an abnormal speci- men, having the nasals contiguous behind the rostral, it will be seen that in this series of 11 specimens the individual variation is but very slight. This result tallies exactly with that obtained from an examina- tion of 19 Porto Rican specimens of one species, the largest series yet compared anywhere, showing that these animals exhibit a most unex- pected small variability in certain characters contrary to what was formerly believed to be the case. An examination of the five specimens of Amp/isbena collected at Lares by Mr. Baker shows that they fall into two groups. The first, consisting of three specimens, has 221 to 230 body rings and 17 to 19 rings on the tail; 1 postocular+ 1 temporal; nasal suture short, not longer than portion of rostral visible from above, or entirely lacking, the rostral in one specimen being barely in contact with one of the prefrontals; color, darker. In the other group of two specimens the rings on the body are 249 and 251 and on the tail 16; a single post- ocular and no temporal; long nasal suture, it being about three times longer than the portion of the rostral visible from above; color, paler. Preanals, number of segments around the body, and postmental scutes nearly alike in both groups. The fact that these specimens were collected in the same locality, and the evident close relationship of the two groups, at first suggested that we had to deal with a rather extreme case of individual variation. On the other hand, the correlation of such a great number of charac- ters with no indication of intergradation, viewed in the light of the conclusions arrived at from a study of the forms collected in the other islands, convinced me of the specific distinctness of the two groups of specimens. This conclusion, which I had arrived at before my visit to Porto Rico, was amply sustained by the material brought home by me or received since my return. This material consists of 17 additional specimens, 16 of which belong to the group having a short nasal suture, 1 temporal, and 220 to 230 body rings, while the seventeenth specimen is as typical of the other group, having a long nasal suture, no temporal, and 250 body rings. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 679 Comparing the first group with the recorded characters of allied species, it will be found to agree very well with those of A. ceca, which has 227 to 280 body, rings, 18 caudal rings, 1 temporal, 6 preanals, 3 scutes behind the unpaired postmental, and short nasal suture.“ The fact that the types of A. ceca are said to have been collected in Martinique is of no moment whatever, and it is pretty safe to say that the species does not occur there. It is now known that Plée, who sent these specimens to the Paris Museum, collected in Porto Rico, on his way to Martinique, whence he shipped his material to Paris. The three other specimens men- tioned above I can not unite with 129 9 3i & nat- any other known form, and they Por ut, Amun coos, 37 mt will be described further on under No, 27993, U.S.N.M. a new name. Description.— Adult; U.S.N.M., No. 27223; Utuado; April 10, 1900. Rostral small, triangular, the portion visible from above short, about equaling the suture between the nasals; prefrontals very long, the suture between them longer than the one between the frontals and five times as long as the nasal suture; ocular moderate, quadrangular, smaller than the postocular and the third supralabial; in the angle shields a well-developed temporal, between and behind the latter two only slightly smaller than the ocular; eye plainly visible through ocular; a pair of occipitals, broader than long, in contact behind the frontals; three supralabials, the second as long as the other two together; Fics. 131-132.—A MPHISBENA cmoa. 23 * nat- three lower labials, the seeond Sakae rae pot heads 2, sideot head. longer than the other two together; mental followed by a large median postmental, twice as long as broad; behind the second lower labial a large malar shield; just behind the postmental and between the malars three scales in a transverse row (postgeneials); 226 rings on the body and 17 on the tail; the segments of each ring longer than broad on the back, broader than long on the under side, 16 above and 18 below the lateral line; anal shields, 6; preanal pores, 4. Color, flesh color, with “Characters derived from Duméril and Bibron’s original description, Strauch’s notes upon the types, and Peters’s figure of one of the types (Mon. Ber. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1878, plate facing p. 781, fig. 7). 680 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. a squarish brown spot, darkest on the back, occupying the middle of each segment, these spots being absent on many of the ventral segments of the posterior half of the body; top of head uniform brownish, except rostral and nasals, which are colorless. Dimensions. mm Tip-of:snout ‘te: venti oo Ye ore ee eee 9 22, <2 ee 185 Tail | ot oh eee ke oe See ee ee SA ee 16 Diameter of sbodiy® 2.32 .. sS o e e ce e eg e Eaees ii Variation.—The amount of variation in the large series of 19 speci- mens before me is rather insignificant and affects chiefly the arrange- ment of the occipitals. They are always broader than long, but they are in contact behind the frontal as often as they are separated. One specimen (No. 25540) is rather more aberrant, inasmuch as the ros- tral is elongated backward somewhat unsymmetrically so as to touch the right prefrontal and thus prevent the contact between the nasals. In this specimen the temporal is also prolonged downward so as to touch the corner of the mouth with its lowest point. The number of rings varies only between 220 and 230 in a series of at least. 20 speci- mens; the dorsal segments vary between 14 and 16, and the ventral segments between 16 and 18. The number of postgeneials is invaria- bly 3, of anal shields 6. Habitat.—The true Amphisbena ceca has thus far only been found in Porto Rico, where it seems to inhabit the lowlands and the moun- tain sides, possibly as high up as 1,000 feet altitude. In the eastern end of the island we collected it on the Catalina plantation, on the northern flank of El Yunque, at an altitude of about 890 feet, while in the west Mr. Baker obtained it at Lares. Mr. J. Michaelis, in 1900, sent a specimen to the Hamburg Museum from Arecibo. We found it under stones, burrowing like earthworms, or in ants’ nests. List of specimens of Amphisbena ceca examined. nD | - | U.S weld lel ela] |s N. M. Locality. Se coi il even ecn col Slal ei ele, ta No. Sele lalelelals ge) lela lzlalg A el/Al> |e laa 25538), Mares 220 oan ce casentaeeceeene Jan. 26, 1899 |} A. B. Baker ...... 230°) 19 | 16 | 18} 3) 6) 4 20539 |. ..-- GOsee2s. See chee eee ethige eae GOs 22sec] neces OOvi2 Se cseeeee 221} 17) 16)18)3)6)| 4 25540 |..... GO Sve Ser car ence mean aa cal Sarees GO wee see [eee GO eens. eee 228: 19 | 16 | 18|}3)6) 4 26879 | Catalina plantation ........... Feb. 21, 1900 | L. Stejneger ...--- 230))| 17, | 24 | 16) | 3) 6) 4 26880 |..--- GO. oandants soso ee aeeee letecare dotes te. (6 (oP Pet pet ace 229; 17)14/)16/3)6)] 4 2HSS nl nee Gosia seek c e fos SPE |----- Goeeaee8 | seece Gow seis eee 224/16/14/16/}3;6) 4 26882 |....- GOs a ae a GOis-ne sec seca dorsc..53iee: 230 | 17) 14|16;3|,6) 4 210025) Mew willoestes-e eee ecee ieee see Mar. 7, 1900 | C. W. Richmond..} 221 | 16] 14|16|/3/6]| 4 27003ule eae COs8 Sask san ee oe eee eee 0:4 So Sales Om ase sess O27 Mla 1G) DS asp iG aee HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 681 List of specimens of Amphishena cxca examined—Continued. Bo ee ee I 2/e 12 |e BSI a See elect aise pee ) U. Ss. y wHOl a g a | |e Ane When col- By whom col- S6/P 1 h|o/8 fe) WM. Locality. lected. lected. Paella een bese |e ey No. De} o 3a |5|.|'3 2Oo n Fe mH A wo a | UN toh released (sal eae n com Olona yes A |S l/Ale |al<]e Orbe || soiree (bill ll teres Gee ah nenaaaee | Mar. 7, 1900 | C. W. Richmond...) 221 | alee ee Saas Ree Co ee: 27005 |....- LO Pees eee ena cm asics Mar. 5, 1900 |..--- COs ces ace sues | 227/16) 16)18/3)/6) 4 27006) |- =< Goce 0 ae eee eee does L. Stejneger....-. | 296 |17|16|18/3]6| 4 73) | LBA TY 0 hole cee ee Apr. 10, 1900 |....- (OVO ba calc eas re 2260 (10 P16 tS" Poin 4 O7ei8| Bayamor .2.......2-.02:-.----- —,1900 | A. Stahl .......... | 220|16|16|16/3)6| 4 2(3d208| 2.25.2 those RS ange aeons anonecea | ————, 1900 }..... (ONO eeeecae eoade D220 WATS TENS Sal Gi |) | Pome || eens Cees sae eee aeeres passes | ————, 1900 |....- OO onsncrarcse 229/17|16)18|}3)6) 4 DieB22) |= =< LO eee re ee eee aaaicerers |; ————, 1900 |.....- OKO Eee ae 225 | 16 | 16)18/3)6| 4 PTAA ME OLLOURICO) See efa\s= silo = «lee tee = } —,1900 | Chas. E. Adams ..| 229 | 17] 14] 16/3)|6) 4 BUG) 4) BER Eh 0) | eee SS ee Cont DeTec | Jan. 14, 1899 | Aug. Busck.....-- | 225) 16") 16)) 185) 35).6)) 4 | AMPHISBAENA BAKERI,¢ new species. Diagnosis.—Nasals forming a long suture on the snout, more than twice longer than portion of rostral visible from above, and about one- half the prefrontal suture; four anal pores; two prefrontals; no tempo- ral; 82-34 segments in a ring on the middle of the body; about 250 rings on the body; 6 anals; ocular forming suture with second and third supralabials; 3 small scutes (postgeneials) behind unpaired postmental. Type.—U.S.N.M., No. 25541; Lares, Porto Rico; A. B. Baker, collector. Habitat.—Porto Rico, West Indies. Description of type specimen.— Adult; U.S.N.M., No. 25541; Lares; January 26, 1899. Rostral small, me. 133,—am- triangular, the portion visible from above short, nearly — PHISBENA Ba 5 KERI. 23+ x nat- one-third the suture between the nasals; prefrontals — uralsize. Top long, the suture between them slightly longer than the 0! head. N°. . + 25641, U.S.N.M. one between the frontals and but slightly more than twice the nasal suture; ocular moderate, quadrangular, the anterior angle very long and pointed; eye not visible; a pair of occipitals, longer than broad (the one on the left side abnormally divided), broadly in contact behind the frontals; three supralabials, the second longer than the other two together; three lower labials, the second longer than the other two together; mental followed by a large median postmental, much longer than broad; behind the second lower labial a large triangular malar shield; behind the postmental and between the malars 3 scales in a trans- _ «To Mr. A. B. Baker, who collected the type specimen, in recognition of the splen- did material he brought home from the U. 8. Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk expedition to Porto Rico. 682 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. verse row (postgeneials); 249 rings on the body and 16 on the tail; the segments square, slightly longer than broad on the back, the 6 median rows on the abdomen broader than long, especially the middle pair; 16 above and 16 below the lateral line; anal shields or segments, 6; preanal pores, 4. Color light flesh, with a brownish spot in the center of each segment, rather indistinct, especially on the lower surface. Dimensions. mm. Tip ol-snout to: vent 22a esos teeters ee > ah eee eee 260 MA ee Seagate Bie ecient ale aisles Ue SNe eet ee 18 Diameter oti body eee 2822 a Ale SL oe a pees oer oe ae Seeman ee 9 Variation.—Apart from a slight oscillation in the relative length of the sutures on the head the variability is insignificant. As in A. cxea, the occipitals appear most subject to variation, but they seem to be longer than broad, as a rule, even in the clearly abnormal specimen (No. 25537) as shown in fig. 134. The number of rings varies only AG RAG PU) Ht La cM [sea] sess 15 He AEH 137 Figs. 134-137.—AMPHISBENA BAKERI. 2} x natural size. 134, top of fen ib 135, side of head; 136, under- side of head; 137, anal region. No. 25537, U.S. N. M. between 249 and 251 in the three specimens at hand, but more specimens will undoubtedly show a greater range, though probably not more than a difference of ten, as in A. ceca. The ventral segments vary between 16 and 18 in our specimens, but otherwise the scale formula is constant. The eye is plainly visible in No. 27458. fHabitat.—Apparently confined to Porto Rico. The only definite locality whence we have specimens is Lares, where Mr. A. B. Baker collected two specimens. <|) Mona; tiss|eeeenseee eee land. Dieeaceeaessalsonss GOl5e-oss-lteane GO scan aes ascsetoce WOR sees | assesses GO. enee| eee OO sae he sese senecee 1D 0) SSeS eee Adult female.|..... GOwest |bo--e accesses Oe joss |e tas Seis sin GOS es ae Gols f eeepc IDO Rae 58 Semsoe eera GOck eerie aes Oris ase eee ee DO Sees |et a. S2 Youn geet ssssalnces GO Se23 | toseccecemeee WOME ae ss So emciste GOe a stacccle secs GOs sane aosccee ce es 1 Oho Rael Eeoe Oks. thesia COLO AE ES yo ate st eo Ses 3 DOS eee ees peta eters GO e-eaces [sees (0 FO eines nore e oes DOr aleeases [soos Goes sscene fechas GOs |e ee eee British Mu- }...... Adult male...|..... CORE alee smatoscecee seum. lf) GES Su APE soe Ase GO sce alpen GOst isn cekases cco oes: | eat ae Adult female.|..... (Oko) tet | SU San Se eee eet DOS ence 52 MOLMMPS su Seco |ecco< Ole) S34 Senet eehececars 121 hes!) abe seal a 338 el ee ae ee be Soni kes —— —, 1891 DOs 5¢ WZ ec wae omc (0 ome do ....| ——— —, 1892 Monee FIP lnc Se ee eae eee NEE lace |] TE! Doxees- 20290)| cesteecce = atees|ese<- do. —— —, 1894 DOER ze 20296) a> sees cen = sel Soa c do. —— —, 1894 DOs seis: ATOM eS 45 ARB Peo eeel Ronee do ....] ——— —, 1894 ee te Sng eee ee doje 22 ——— = agon DOw-= 2. DODO G | Bates sear peceallisie stee do —— —, 1894 DOs 2 20290) | o_o cielsereise ass | tees do. —— —, 1894 Dons <6 D027 Renee cates jsitalcinaers do —— —, 1894 1G ange DO ZG Erste tier eete cya ee seis do. —— —, 1894 Dona. DO eee sera rere eters (vats GO e4]| Dosseee UZ O Ue meets ete aic eran: te wicic do —— —, 1894 Domes PAV AEY/ (re eed ya Page do. ——. —, 1894 Dorsee 2021 | Preeti Hs does. | ied DOsos se ZUZIG peers sier ese rs |4la U.S. N. M..|25554 | Adult female.) Culebra} Feb. 10, 1899 A.B. Baker| 19 | 183 | 2 | 118 | Deserip- Island. tion, p. 704, figs. 171-173. Doze 125505 | Half grown..-.|..... GO Meee ase do 2s see docencs TOD 345 Os eee Dore: Pasa Meee GOs eet ees dokees|=2ss2 Co Ko perme eee eae dog-e-- 17) WD! | 2) 125 Dosen |25557 |..--- dO eels dogs: are GO ee donee 19 | 177 | 2 | 181 | Fig. 174. Do...../26102 |....- donate ee FY vpoeies pie ne ee 2 IR ee donc. 19 | 184 | 2 | 135 DOzesae 12403 eee dOyveie dss Sth omac|ieee eee eee A.H. Riise.| 19 | 184 | 2 | 117 Dorasce |12408a|..... GOiascneecseos= 5 GO. <2 |eeees ewes oo cee Pee dopecse 19 | 183 | 2 | 128 Copenihia-||Sac-s|cacea-- = asa sera Virein se aseesea- ee Reinhardt | 19 | 187 142 gen. lands. and Luet- ken, p. 220 DO. ccellsse ook lis cee ae eeaeaes ees GO eee | est saad Se esosleeees dove-e- 19 | 186 140 Dow sss cl! 2 sc agesccsee eee sal eet Oe saspact s Latin=living in swamps. 1844. 1861. 1867. 1889. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 711 Emys vermiculata Gray, Cat. Tort. Brit. Mus., p. 25 (‘‘tropical America’? ); Cat. Shield Rept. Brit. Mus., 1855, pl. xi. Emys jamao Dumerit, Arch. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. Paris, X, 1861, pp. 485, 445 (Habana; nomen nudwm).—Vitard, in Poey’s Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, II, No. 6, May, 1867, p. 121; No. 10, Nov., 1867, p. 228. Emys gnatho Vizard, in Poey’s Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, II, No. 9, Oct., 1867, p. 204 (Cuba). Chrysemys scripta var. rugosa BouLENGER, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., p. 79 (Santo Domingo, Jamaica). Fic. 179.—PSEUDEMEYS PALUSTRIS, adult. 3 natural size. Shell fromabove. No. 25642, U.S.N.M. Description.— Adult female; U.S.N.M. No. 25642; San Juan; Jan- uary 14, 1899. Shell moderately convex, the height being more than one-half the greatest width; length of carapace less than two and a half times the height of the shell and about one and one-third times its greatest width; carapace faintly keeled and with longitudinal wrinkles crossed by radiating ridges, which are especially strong on the anterior costals; nuchal narrow; first vertebral shield urceolate, anterior and posterior sutures of same length; lateral sutures of second, third, and 712 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. fourth vertebrals much longer than the anterior and posterior sutures; vertebrals much narrower than costals; posterior margin of carapace slightly serrate, each of four posterior marginals on each side being faintly emarginate; carapace broader behind than in front, the posterior marginals flaring out considerably; plastron less than two-thirds and SO See Alive 184 FIGs. 180-184.—PSEUDEMYS PALUSTRIS, young. 180, shell from above; 181, shell from below; 182, shell from side. }natural size. 183, top of head. 1: natural size. 184, upper side of fore foot. Natural size. No. 25643, U.S.N.M. more than one-half the greatest width of the carapace; the posterior lobe a trifle wider than the anterior, its length much less than the width of the bridge; abdominal suture longest, equaling those of the pectorals and femorals together; humeral suture shortest; gulars pro- jecting, cut off square anteriorly; plastron slightly emarginate behind; HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. ike axillars and inguinals large, latter largest; head moderate; snout short, pointed, feebly projecting; upper jaw with a very slight median notch, no cusps; jaws feebly denticulated; alveolar surface broad, with a deep notch behind on the median line; symphysis of mandible as broad as one-half the longest diameter of the orbit; digits connected with broad webs. Color (in aleohol) of carapace above nearly uniform tawny olive; plastron yellowish, with obscure dusky symmetrical sinuous markings all over; top of head without markings; yellowish lines narrowly edged with blackish on sides and under surface of head and neck, one from the nostrils crossing the upper jaw obliquely and ending abruptly at the posterior angle of the mandible, another from Fies. 185-186.—PSEUDEMYS PALUSTRIS, young. Color pattern of head; 185, underside; 186, side. 13 x natural size. No. 25643, U.S.N.M. above the nostrils, crossing the eye to the lower posterior edge of the orbit, and thence obliquely down and backward to the corner of the mouth, continuing backward under the tympanum down the side of the neck; two fainter lines, one between the two just described and one above the transocular line, crossing the tympanum; a line on the sym- physis of the mandible bifurcating on the chin and a third median line originating on the chin a short distance behind the fork, the three continuing parallel down the under side of the neck; two similar but wider lines on the upper side of the fore legs and two on the under side of the hind legs. Dimensions. mm. hensthrottcaradpaceicn ss 50 cee Pen reer aa ee Aree = a hes 232 Wadthioficarapaceantertorlyssen = ens ee te 150 Width oficarapacespostentonly = eames een sets eee ee 170 Meiohitoishellt as 7 ners aoe eee mena BS oe hia cs 95 Widihtotanterior plastrallloi casas meee eee eee 90 Wiidthrot posterior plastralblomepyse== ae ssa ee eae 2 SS Oe oe 93 Wiiditinkots Drid oes 55 ies see eM Re he see i fe fl Scie 88 Nailin maCovd over Yo meyer oS Oe ee le ee Pe ee ee 31 714 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Variation.—The younger specimens have a more pronounced median keel on the carapace; the nuchal is wider, especially in front; first vertebral with longer anterior suture than the posterior and straight lateral sutures; the vertebrals are wider than long, nearly as wide as or, in the smallest specimen, even wider than the costals; the wrinkles and ridges are also stronger. The color above is darker, and some pale but obscure crossbars may be seen; two of the speci- mens have the marginal and costal sutures widely edged with a broad pale margin; the dusky markings on the plastron are more distinct; the symphyseal median pale line and the two lateral throat lines do not meet so as to form a fork. Habitat.—The present species is recorded from Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, and Porto Rico.. There are indications at hand that there may be some constant differences between those inhabiting the different islands, but the material at my disposal is not sufficient to warrant an attempt to separate them. In Porto Rico the species is found apparently sparingly in streams and ponds in the lowlands. List of specimens of Pseudemys palustris. USS. “ N.M. Age. Locality. bile ee ney By whom collected. | Remarks. No. pas 25642 | Adult female .| San Juan, Porto Rico....... Jan, 14,1899 | U.S. F.C. Fish Hawk | Fig. 179. expedition. Ob6431 | SVOUNG seen ne aee (OV pRa ROAR EE to Seasg Seca tiacad (6 (oes ter Peer QO Rec Figs. 180- 186. 256445) see (OP aceaael mone C0 Coe ee ae erm rear e tanues GOjes-aes|b sane (Co ierep i reer Oo 3 esoe MO steer | Caguas, Porto Rico.-..-.....- Jane Oo, 1899 Neen GO nS 5 eee eee Genus CARETTA# Rafinesque. 1814. Caretta RAFINESQUE, Specchio d. Sci. (Palermo), II, no. 9, 1 Sett., 1814, p. 66 (type C. nasuta= Testudo caretta). 1836. Thalassochelys Frrztncer, Ann. Wien Mus., I, 1835, p. 121, (type Testudo caouana=T. caretta). 1838. Caowana Cocrrau, in Sagra’s Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, IV, Rept., p. 31 (type Chelonia cephalo=T. caretta). The generic name Caretta is usually credited to Merrem, 1820, and because Ritgen in 1828 limited it to C. ¢mbricata it has often been given the precedence over Hretmochelys of Fitzinger. This is a mistake, however, for Rafinesque, as early as 1814, not only estab- lished the generic term, but limited it to the species he called C. nasuta, which is nothing but the Zestudo caretta of Linneus, the Atlantic Loggerhead. @The name Caret (New Latin Caretta) according to Lacépéde is the one by which the hawksbill turtle is generally known in the countries it inhabits. The derivation from cara, face, is doubtful. Carey is Spanish for tortoise shell. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 715 CARETTA CARETTA (Linnzus). 1758. Testudo caretta Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, p. 197 (type locality, ‘‘ad insulas Americanas”’ ); 12th ed., 1766, p. 351. —Wan.Baum, Chelonogr., 1782 (p. 95) (St. Croix I., West Indies).—Chelonia ce. GRAVENHORST, Delic. Mus. Vratislav., I, 1829 (p. 7).—Rernmarpt and Luerken, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. (Copenhagen), 1862, p. 286; author’s separate p- 134 (Virgin Islands ?).—Gunp.acn, in Poey’s Rep. Fis.-Nat. Cuba, II, No. 5, Apr., 1867, p. 105 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat., IV, 1875, p. 350 (Cuba); Contrib. Erpet. Cubana, 1880, p. 17 (Cuba).— Sranz, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, p. 68 (Porto Rico). 1783. Testudo cephalo Scuxrrer, Allg. Naturg. Schildkr., (9. 303).—Chelonia c. Temmrinck and Scuuiecer, Fauna Jap. Rept., 1838, pl. rv, figs. 1-3 (Surinam).—Chelonia (Caowana) c. Cocrrau, in Sagra’s Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, IV, Rept., 1838, p. 31; French ed. (p. 35) (Cuba) .— Lackpkpr, Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip. Serp., I, 1788, Syn. meth. Fic. 187.—CARETTA CARETTA, young. Florida. Natural size. Entire animal from above. No. 14823. U.S.N.M. 1788. Testudo caowana BonNATERRE, Tabl. Encycl. Erpét., 1789, p. 20 (warm countries of old and new continent; Jamaica, Mediterranean ).—Che- lonia c.—DumErin and Bisron, Erpét. Gén., I, 1835, p. 553.— Dumerit, Cat. Méth. Rept. Mus. Paris, I, 1851, p. 25 (Martinique) .— Thalassochelys ec. AGAss1z, Contr. Nat. Hist. U. 8. Amer., I, 1857, p. 384 (West Indies: Bahamas to Trinidad).—Garman, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 25, 1884, pp. 287, 300 (tropical Atlantic; Bermudas). 1814. Caretta nasuta RA¥FINESQUE, Specchio d. Sci. (Palermo), II, no. 9, 1 Sett., 1814, p. 66 (new name for Testudo caretta Linnzeus). 1814. Chelonia caouanna ScuwriaGER, Prodr. Mon. Chel., p. 22 (Sardinia, West Indies). ; 1816. Chelonia cavanna Oxen, Lehrb. Zool., I, p. 350 (West Indies, Mediter- ranean). 716 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. 1833. Chelonia virgata WAG uER, Descr. Icon. Amph., Pt. 3, pl. XXIX (not of Schweigger, 1814). 1858. Thalassochelys corticata GIRARD, Herpet. U.S. Expl. Exp., p. 431, pl. xxrx, figs. 1-4 (Madeira). The Loggerhead turtle is readily distinguished from the other marine turtles by having five pairs of costal shields, while the other two species with horny covering have only four pairs. The additional pair is situated in front of the others, in contact with the first verte- bral. No Porto Rican specimen being at hand, a young one from Florida is figured herewith, so as to help in identifying specimens. This species is included in the Porto Rican fauna on the strength of Dr. Stahl’s testimony. It is probably not rare, but being of no com- mercial value it attracts no attention. Fics. 188-190.—CARETTA CARETTA, young. Florida. Natural size. 188,shell from below; 189, head from side; 190, underside of head. No. 14823, U.S.N.M. Genus CHELONIA ¢ Latreille. 1800. Chelonia Bronentart, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, I, p. 89 (nomen nudum). 1802. Chelonia LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Rept., 1, p. 22 (type C. mydas). 1806. Chelone Bronanrarr, Mém. Say. Etrang., I, p. 610 (emended). 1814. Chelonias RaArinesqur, Specchio d. Sci. (Palermo), II, no. 9, 1 sett. 1814, p. 66 (emended). 1838. Mydas Cocrrau in Sagra’s Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, IV, Rept., p. 22 (type Ch. viridis) (not of Fabricius 1799). 1843. Mydasea Grrvats, Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., III, p. 457 (same type). 1848. Megemys GisteL, Naturg. Thierr., p. vili (substitute for Chelonia). CHELONIA MYDAS >? (Linnzus). 1758. Testudo mydas Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, p. 197 (Ascension Island, etc.); 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 350.—Chelone m. BRonGNIART, Mém. Say. Ktrang., I, 1806, p. 611.—BouLenaer, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., 1889, p. 180, (part: Belize, West Indies).—Chelonia m. ScHweEIGGER, Arch. ayxed@ry, turtle. b Mydas, said to be a corruption for és, éud6os, a turtle (from pvdaw, am wet?) 1783. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. aly Koenigsb., I, 1812 (p. 412); Prodr. Mon. Chel:, 1814, p. 22.— Gunpiacn, Contr. Erpet. Cubana, 1880, p. 16 (Cuba).—Garman, Buli. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 25, 1884, pp. 287, 301 (tropical Atlantic, Bermudas); Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe., XXIV, 1887, p. 286 (Leeward Islands).—EvermMann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1900, p. 25 (Porto Rico). Testudo viridis Scunrtper, Allg. Naturg. Schildkr., (p. 309, pl. m).— LarreiLie, Hist. Nat. Rept., I, 1802, p. 48.—Chelonia v. TEMMINCK and ScHLeGeL, Fauna Japon., Rept., 1838, p. 18 (part).—Rernnarpt and Lverken, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. (Copenhagen), 1862 (1863), p- 289; author’s separate p. 137 (West Indies, Madeira).—GunpDLAcH in Poey’s Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, IT, No. 5, Apr., 1867, p. 105 (Cuba) ; Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., IV, 1875, p. 350 (Cuba); X, 1881, p. 307 (Porto Rico).—Srant, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, p. 68 (Porto Rico). Figs. 191-192.CHELONIA MyDAs. Florida. 2 natural size. 191, top of head; 192, side of head. 1788. 1800. 1800. 1816. 1820. 1830. 1835. 1838. 1884. No. 21405, U.S.N.M. Testudo viridi-squamosa LacepEpr, Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip. Serp., I, Syn. meth.—BonnaTerre, Tabl. Enc. Erpét., 1789, p. 20 (‘‘ La mer du Sud, le golfe du Mexique, les rivages du Nouveau-Monde’’). Testudo chloronotos BrcusrErIn, Lacépéde’s Naturg. Amph., I, p. 107 (Mex- ican Gulf). Testudo marina BrcusTEIN, Lacépéde’s Naturg. Amph., I, p. 529. Chelonia gigas OKEN, Lehrb. Zool., I, p. 351 (part). Caretta esculenta Mrrrem, Syst. Amph., p. 18 (Atlantic Ocean). Chelonia midas Wacuer, Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 133.—Dumeri and Brsron, Erpét. Gén., II, p. 538 (Atlantic Ocean). Chelonia marmorata Dumerit and Brsron, Erpét. Gén., I, p. 546 (Ascen- sion Island). Chelonia (Mydas) virgata Cocrgau, in Sagra’s Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat., Cuba, IV, Rept., p. 25 (part: Santo Domingo, Cuba) (not of Schweigger).— Gunpuacu in Poey’s Repert Fisico-Nat. Cuba, II, No. 5, Apr., 1867, p- 105; Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., IV, 1875, p. 350 (Cuba) ; Contr. Erpet. Cubana, 1880, p. 16 (Porto Rico). Chelonia mydas var. marmorata GARMAN, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 25, p. 302. 718 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. The green turtle is easily distinguished from the other Porto Rican marine turtles by the single pair of elongated prefrontal shields on top of the snout. The shell alone can be recognized by having only four costal shields and by the shields not overlapping posteriorly. The loggerhead (Caretta caretta) has five costal shields, while the hawksbill (Zretmochelys imbricata) has overlapping shields (fig. 193). None of our expeditions to Porto Rico brought back any specimens of the green turtle, but its occurrence in the waters surrounding the Fic. 193. —ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA. i natural size. Shell from above. No. 25645, U.S.N.M. island is well known. Dr. B. W. Evermann, in his general report on the investigations in Porto Rico of the United States Fish Commis- sion steamer (ish Hawk in 1899, writes that it is rare except at the east end of the island, and he accounts for the scarcity of turtles by the absence of large areas of shallow water with sandy bottom. Genus ERETMOCHELYS4# Fitzinger. 1828. Caretta Rrraen, Nova Acta Acad. Czes. Leop., XIV, p. 270 (type, Chelonia imbricata; not of Rafinesque, 1814). 1843. Eretmochelys Frrzincer, Syst. Rept., p. 30 (same type). 1873. Onychochelys Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 397 (type, O. krausst). W epetTuorv, oar; XéAvs, turtle. HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO. 719 As has been stated above, the generic term Caretta was employed by Rafinesque as early as 1814 for the Joggerhead turtle. Its subsequent use by Ritgen, Gray, and others is consequently unwarranted, and the next one in time, Fitzinger’s Hretmochelys, must be accepted as the genus name for the hawksbills. Fics. 194-197.—ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA. 194, shell from below. i natural size. 195, top of head; 196, side of head; 197, right fore flipper, dorsal view. 3 natural size. No. 25645, U.S.N.M. ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA /“ (Linnzus). 1766. Testudo imbricata LinNxUs, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 350 (American seas ).— Chelonia i. ScaweicGEr, Prodr. Mon. Chel., 1814, p. 21.—Dumerit and Brpron, Erpét. Gén., II, 1835, p. 547, pl. xx, figs. 2-2b (Habana, « Latin=imbricated, overlapping like shingles. ~I bo =) REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. Choris, coll.).—Hotsroox, N. Amer. Herpet., 2d ed., I, 1842, p. 39, pl. v (coast of Carolina).—RermHarpr and LuerKen, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. (Copenhagen), 1862 (1863), p. 286; author’s separate, p. 134 (St. Thomas).—Gunp.iacu, in Poey’s Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, II, No. 5, Apr., 1867, p. 105 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat., IV, 1875, p. 350 (Cuba); Contrib. Erpet. Cubana, 1880, p. 17 (Cuba).— Sranu, Fauna Puerto-Rico, 1882, p. 68 (Porto Rico).—Caretta imbricata MerkeEM, Syst. Amph., 1820, p. 19.—Girarp, Herpet. U.S. Expl. Exp., 1858, pp. 439, 440 (West Indies).—Gunp.acu, Anal. Soc. Espa. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, p. 307 (Porto Rico).—Chelonia (Caretta) imbricata Coc- TEAU, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, IV, Rept., 1838, p. 27 (Cuba) .— Fret- mochelys imbricata AGAssiz, Contr. Nat. Hist. U. 8. Amer., I, 1857, p. 381 (West Indies, Key West, Little Antilles, Jamaica, Cayman Islands).—GarMAN, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 25, 1884, pp. 287, 299 (Bermuda).—EverMANN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1900, p. 25 (Porto Rico).—Chelone imbricata Srraucn, Chenol. Studien, 1862 (p. 181) (part ).—BouLENGER, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., 1889, p. 183 (part: Bahamas; Guatemala, French Guiana, Tehuantepec). 1788. Testudo caretta LAcrpipE, Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip. et Serp., I, Syn. meth. — BonnaterreE, Tabl. Enc. Erpét., p. 21, pl. 1v, fig. 1 (part) (not of Lin- nzeus).—Davupin, Hist. Nat. Rept., II, 1803, p. 39, pl. xvu, fig. 2 (near the Atlantic islands and coast of America, Cayman Islands, Jamaica). 1873. Onychochelys kraussi Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 398, figs. (type locality, French Guiana; types in Brit. Mus.; Dr. Krauss coll. ). The hawksbill, which furnishes the valuable ‘‘ tortoise shell,” is superficially characterized by the horny plates cn its back overlapping with their posterior borders after the fashion of fish scales or shingles. The accompanying illustrations (figs. 193-197), which are from a Porto Rican specimen less than half grown, give a fair idea of the external characters by which this species is distinguished from the other marine turtles frequenting the same waters. The U.S. Fish Commission /7%sh //awh expedition brought home several young specimens from Mayaguez, but Professor Evermann writes that this species, like the green turtle, is rare except at the eastern end of the island. List of specimens of Eretmochelys imbricata. U.S. : | N.M. Age, | Locality. Lee By whom collected. | Remarks. No. j . } x | | 25645 | Young..| Mayaguez, Porto Rico.........-.-- Jan. 20,1899 | U.S. F.C. Fish Hawk | Figs. 194— | expedition. fe sire 256169 |seee Ome eeeee CO's 25-58 Sah ees eines leaeer dor sd ealteaes Goad a eee 25647 |22--dol-= - cafe GG 32555 ies cece alee eee ieee GOs ee ee ees (0 Ko Repent et ae INDEX. (The black-faced numbers indicate generic or specific headings. ] Page. PA CANENOMS ence eee aes Sue sation eesas 625 GUILIN AMI OLIS ge se ee ne Sy Sor o(cle eee ise 564 SEN CA MMA OMIA Heme oe Since oon ees cs 608 APTI GON MINIS. iso <2 aniecince tees se 608 albilabris, Cystignathus.......-....-....- 574 heptodactyluss-2----4-5-e— es 574 elboputtata, Ameya. so. sccee ase wee ence seenee 627 antillensis, Alsophis ._--------....--- 700, 701, 704 Amphisbene =222- o--==see= == 676 Dromicus: --oesese aase see 704 Eleutherodactylus ..........- 591 VLOG eS) is 2)oosace tee ses 591 PSamMMOphIs~ 2-=--mreee Reese 704 NAT Mus 1902——46 Page. auriculatus, Eleutherodactylus -......--- 583 LY LOd es'= 3. S3 eens eee eta 583 bakeri-vAmphisbeenaysese seco ate ee 681 Batrachia eect hc. S52 i eee ean 569 IBEIRACHUB sc 352 csce acs sles Samaras 569 BORsINOMDatare -ococcecn ee > See eee 688 boetigent, Piesicaster: 2.5. .2.25-s25sesesee 688, 689 BUG Or: Gsce- Dec ate cs Meee Oe ee eee 569 IBULO ms S: Sse een oot oe ee eee eee 569 LEMMON sees ses eee ee 560, 564, 566, 570 (Peltaphryne) gutturosus -.-.--.---- 570 Bufotes® Sacjanoes 3 5-c 0c eee 708 TestuGor. Sooo: = =-2 44 eee eee 708 COmMUta sy CyGllingaesee as. 3 eee eee 670 IBGNTe) ee ee eco Se Shoe 670 comutus> Metopoceros'<-- sseeeseeeeeee oe 670 corticata, Thalassochelys..............-- 716 Cranophryme messes: aa see t eee eee oe 570 CraNnOpsisa-Leee freee e ee eee se 570 ers talbells sam O15 eee eee 625, 626, 638 Xo pNOStMUS Sas nee eee ee 638 @lenoCereUs: as aseesaesme eet eee eee eee 625 Ctenod elrays {Sao ee ee sae ere eee eee 625 CLENONObUSn 32 S35 a ee eee 625 cube hy phlopsinns eee teseneare ee eee 684 cubana: Amphishsena:: 25-2 seee =e eee 676 Guprescens, Maplin ==) ose ens 608 Ciivlent VAN ONISHoee cee ne oo eee cee 626, 627 Cy olumats-0 8.5 aon ema sey eee mee ar eme, 670 GOLIIUITON Ae tetas eee ee 560, 563, 670 Gy Streets! SAeee Awe a ee ee ee ne 574 DIDUDTIS “see, noes 574 LADIDNIS ha. uate se cateees 574 iy OMS eer ane saree 574 PeRCGUNMlL (ieee ne Ae ene 6 31) SERS a Se Se 625 GecussataiOlemmys.\j:...2--2-.-.ssce as. 710 EDS pee ee oi=) Acicls = iene 710 POMILOLOLNUS Se = os eke Banco ss 710 EUV CICDOYWS 4. - = 5c/c- ee a = 710 GePeNer@Cleshus: aS ve) 2 a =z | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES I