Hints on
Golt-Breakin

-^^

W.M. Hutchison

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COLT-BREAKING

HINTS

ON

COLT-BREAKING

WILLIAM M. HUTCHISON

IViril TWENTY- FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS

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CHATTO & WINDUS, PICCADILLY

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HINTS ON

COLT-BREAKING.
I.

There are two very distinct ways of
breaking a colt.

The first is to accustom the animal
constantly to your presence and voice,
teaching him a little at a time. This
plan is only suitable to gentlemen who
keep a few young ones for amusement,
and who enjoy the pleasure of handling
them from time to time ; but it produces

B

2 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

what I may call a solid docility and
lasting affection on the part of the colt,
and gets him into that state of mind,
when grown up, which horsy men, in
their simple phrase, designate as " not
knowing how to do wrong."

The second way is to take up the .
animal when three or four years old, and,
by a method which I will explain, finish
off the bulk of liis education in a week or
so. This is the more suitable for breakers,
or gentlemen who breed a large number.

We will commence with the first, be-
cause it is the more natural, and also
because it will suit by far the larger
number of readers.

It is a good plan to begin at the
beginning, and the first thing to do,

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 3

before the colt is foaled, is to accustom
the mare to come in every night of her
own accord. I am very strongly of
opinion that no well-bred horse should at
any time be left out all night, so you
should keep no larger number of animals
than you have room for, however rough
the accommodation.

Wooden houses, with thatched roofs, can
be put up very cheaply, at the rate of
about ten pounds for each loose box, and
are extremely comfortable for horses
running loose, being warm in winter and
cool in summer. In these papers I am
referring principally to well-bred horses,
that should run into money : it is useless
rearing any others — let some one else do
that.

4 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

Therefore I would house tlae mare
comfortably every night, and would give
her a feed of oats in the morning, before
turning her out to grass, and another in
the evening, when she comes in. A horse
is, in my opinion, the stupidest of all
the animals that are intimately associated
with man, but, for all that, he has quite
enough sense to prompt him to come for
the oats he expects, every night. In this
way there is no trouble about catching
him (or lier in this case) ; you have but
to stand at the gate and call " C'yap !
c'yup ! " and she will come readily enough ;
nine times out of ten you will find her
waiting with her head over it.

This is very important, and has much
to do with the subject of colt-breaking,

Hmts on Colt-Breaking. 5

as the mare becomes very gentle and
tractable when treated in this way, and
the oats you are giving her are the means
of getting a good-constitutioned foal,
before it sees the light. Farmers, as a
rule, are penny wise and pound foolish
in this respect ; they do nothing for their
mares, except let them pick up what
grass they can find for themselves, and
are surprised that they have a weak
weedy colt as the result, worth perhaps
twenty-five pounds at four years old.

When the foal makes his appearance,
he is accustomed to the sight of man
from his birth, and in a w^eek or two
will put his nose into the manger
to see what his mother is eating with
so much gusto. He will very soon

6 Hints on Co/t-Breaking.

begin picking up a few oats, and will
run as straight to his food as the mare
will.

Thus the first lesson is learned : man
is his best friend next to his mother,
and there is nothing to fear from him.
He has to stay out in the field, wet or
dry, until the man lets him come in — to
shelter and supper. If you feed him
yourself from your hand, you will quite
win his heart, and in a week after he
begins taking oats, he will, if you entice
him away, follow you a hundred yards
or more from his mother. For my part,
I consider it a pretty sight to see the
little fellow follow me, often casting
glances of alarm at the distant mother,
and wondering whether it will be safe to

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 7

risk a few further steps ; then whisk !
round goes the tail, up go the heels,
and away he flies to security.

The mare and foal should be in a
small paddock by themselves, so that
they may not be worried and annoyed
by other horses, as it is bad for the
mother to be made to gallop about, and
bad for the foal to be snapped at, as thus
he learns his first idea of vice.

At four months old, a leather head-
stall should be placed on the colt's head.
To do this it is not necessary to adopt
the usual plan of getting the youngster
into a corner of the stable and holding
him by main force while he is haltered.
This is an alarming process, and my
object is, from the beginning, to let the

8 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

colt think that nothing / do will either
frighten or hurt him. ^' Put yourself in
his place." How should you like a giant
to rush at you and tie you up with a
rope, without a word of exjDlanation ?
Herein lies the difficulty, that impossible
" word of explanation ; " but recollect, it
is for you to get over the difficulty, and
not for the colt. He has but four means of
slowly discovering the meaning or value
of what is around and about him — hear-
ing, sight, touch, and smell. Therefore
let him apply the last three thoroughly to
the head-stall before you try it on. Hold
it in your hand while you feed him ; let
him look at it, smell it, and rub it with
the point of his nose (for this is his
method of " touching " a thing), until he

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 9

has no fear of it ; you can then piay
it up and down his neck and over his
ears. Two or three such lessons in
your idle moments will enable you to
put it on without any difficulty, and
save the folly of frightening the animal.
G-rooms, at such times, are very brave
with little foals, and rush at them
with great determination and much
shouting.

And here let me say, once for all, that
cruelty, or even roughness (with certain
restrictions), is as useless in dealing with
a horse as a fifth wheel is to a coach.
Therein equine nature is superior to the
human article, because a horse is all the
better for being treated kindly ; whereas
a man, under the like conditions, generally

lo Hints 011 Colt-Breaking.

" rounds upon you," feeling, no doubt, a
debt of gratitude insupportable to those
finer feelings, whicb, luckily, a horse does
not possess.

Having got your head-stall on, you now
begin to try to lead the colt. The best
time for this is in the evening, when
he, with his mother, is anxious to come
in. Take a rope, and make a simple
noose at the end, like this :

Fig. 1.

because, when you put the end of the

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 1 1

rope through the noose, it will run up
quickly, and you will thus prevent the
animal breaking away, as might be the
case were you to attempt to make a
knot.

Fig. 2,

Instead of you leading the colt, he will
now lead you, as he will make frantic
efforts to get away and follow his mother.
This latter you allow him to do, speaking
quietly and soothingly to him the while,
at your own discretion. When you get

12 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

him to his box, continue to hold him,
pat him a little, and let him go. Repeat
the operation next morning, when you
take him out. In two or three of these
simple lessons the colt will find that you
do him no harm, and will come willingly
enough ; so that, before he leaves his
mother finally, obedience has become
second nature.

It is useful, however, should circum-
stances not permit of the animal being
taught slowly, to know how to get him
along at once ; as, for instance, from a
sale, when mare and foal are separated
for the first time.

All foals have a great objection to being-
hauled along by the head for the first
time or two, and will resist with all their

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 13

power. A determined colt, even at five
or six months old, is much stronger to
resist, when he plants his forefeet, than
a man is to pull him, in a straight line.
We must therefore try to convince him
of a fallacy, which his intellect is not
equal to seeing through, that we can
move him whether he likes or not. To
do this, we must move him sideways ;
he will always allow his head and neck
to come round to either side, and nearly
always his body will follow. It is easier
to push his shoulder away from you, and
thus make him go round, than to pull
him towards you, when he may only give
you his head and refuse to move his hind-
quarters. In this latter case you may
apply a strong remedy. Attach your

14 Hints 071 Colt-Breaking.

rope on the off side, pnll on the rope,
gradually letting it slip through your
hands, till you pass behind his tail to
the near side, but two or three yards

FiCx. 3.

away from and behind him. His head
will have followed you till it is close up
against his ribs.

A sharp pull will bring him clean

Hints 011 Colt-Breaking. 15

over, and I never knew a young one
who would let me get behind him three
times w^ith that object. He at once picks
up the idea that he can save himself by
turning round, which is exactly the end
you have in view. This may seem to
go against my theory of kindness, and,
in fact, I would never employ such a
method if I were handhng a colt at home ;
but, at all events, this throwing down
does not make bim at all vicious, as might
a lot of whipping and shouting to make
him move, and it greatly increases his
respect for your power, without making
him afraid of you after.

Having got him to come round when
you like, it is but a short step to getting
him to move in a larger circle, and then

1 6 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

straight. The whole thing does not take
half an hour, and you may lead him where
you like, with perhaps an occasional crack
of the whip behind, if he should think
of stopping, from some kind friend. People
willing to crack whips are to be found
all over England, so there need be no
difficulty on that score.

If, after you have thrown him down,
your new purchase will eat some oats
out of your hand, you may congratulate
yourself on having bought a young one
with a brave and docile disposition. If
he is to be a hunter, he is the sort that
won't know how to '' refuse " when he
sees his fence in front ; if he is for
harness, he is not likely to stop in the
middle of a hill.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 17

n.

Many men, many minds ! So I do not
expect every one to agree with my idea,
that it is an amusing thing to take out
a colt for a walk ! Some people are too
dignified, and others too lazy. All the
same, such a proceeding is very good
indeed for the animal, and I strongly
recommend it to all who care for that
kind of diversion.

With a leading-rein a dozen feet long-
between us, it is wonderful what the colt
and I can get over. We climb banks,
where the youngster soon learns to poise

c

1 8 Hints oil Colt'Breaking,

himself on the top till I get out of the
way ; we leap ditches and the trees that
are felled in the woods, and in a short
time are not afraid of a small stile. Both
of us return home more healthy and better
jumpers than when we started ; though it
is not leaping that I am teaching my
pupil, but a docility and a temperateness
that will be to the advantage of both of
us long after, when the real jumping
lessons have long been over, and we get
out with the hounds.

At eighteen months, put a roller round
the colt, not too tightly pulled up, during
part of the day. Gradually get it to
the ordinary tension, and let him get
thoroughly accustomed to the feeling
of it. You may then change the roller

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 19

for a saddlej and lead him out in the
roads or fields for half an hour daily,
during a week.

You can then do nothing more with
him till he is three years old, except
continue in the same treatment of un-
varying kindness ; and during this time
he should have from four to six pounds of
oats daily, given to him at three different
times.

It may be that, during his young days,
the colt will, some time or other, snap at
you. If so, give him a slap with your
open hand, not too hard, on the side of
his mouth, at the same time advancing
on him, and making him back from you,
with angry growls (and expletives, if
you are a " swear-man "). The colt fully

20 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

realizes that he has done what is wrong,
and will probably never offend again.
I have had many colts that have never
attempted to bite me once, and I never
remember one doing so twice, with the
above treatment. As for kicking, a colt
brought up in this way would never
think of such a thing ; but if he did, I
should recommend an instantaneous crack
over the back, as a hint that that would
not be tolerated.

The colt being now three years old, the
critical moment has come, when either
you will spoil him or make him a useful
animal. The best way to take a fair
average chance of spoiling him is to send
him to a breaker, of the sort to be found
in every town. A breaker! It is the right

Hints oil Colt-Breaking. 21

uame on the right man. He breaks the
colt's confidence, he breaks his manners,
often he breaks a tendon or ligament, and
nearly always breaks his heart.

This summer I went to look at a three-
year-old, for sale, and was told it was " at
the breaker's." With some difficulty I
found the place ; and this is what I beheld,
peering over a wall, mounted on a friendly
heap of dirt thrown up alongside. One
colt and three young men. A was on
its back, in a buck-jumping saddle, with
a cutting cane whip ; B on the ground,
holding in one hand a rope about three
yards long tied to the colt's head-stall, and
in the other a sort of bludgeon, which
looked like a Jersey cabbage-stick ; 0 held
an ordinary stable-broom in his hand, to

22 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

give the requisite variety. " Get on,
then ! " (which of course the poor beast
did not understand, any more than you
or I do Sanscrit), and whack ! came down
A's cane, while C rushed from behind
and prodded with the bristles of the brush.
Naturally the colt gave a terrified leap
forward, when B promptly hit him on the
nose, to stop him, while A sawed his
mouth with the bit. I think this is a
good plan to make a sensitive animal
perfectly vicious, and this, ladies and
gentlemen, is what your favourites under-
go when you pay your ten guineas for
their month's change of air. I asked if
the colt was a vicious one, and received
the answer, " Oh no ! but it is the
first time he has had a saddle on, and

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 23

we have to let him know who is the
master ! "

It would be fiendish ferocity, were it
not simply stupid ignorance.

I have a friend, and that friend has
a coachman who occasionally breaks a
colt to harness for his master. This
genius puts on the harness, and with-
out saying a word, or giving any
order, proceeds to give the unoffending
beast half a dozen severe cuts with the
whip, ''^ just to let him know what it is,''
he says.

We will now proceed to put in practice
the proper method of educating a colt,
and it is at this point that professional
" breakers," and those gentlemen who have
many animals to handle, may give me

24 Hints Oil Colt-Breaking.

their attention, for all that has gone before
has been, strictly speaking, unnecessary ;
though, as I have said before, of great
advantage in making the future horse
dependable, in any extraordinary circum-
stance that may arise, and for which we
cannot prepare him.

The first thing to do is to get him a good
mouth, for without that no horse can be
ridden or driven in safety. By the system
I advocate it is quite impossible for a
horse ever to run away with you, unless
under such extraordinary terror that he
might be considered, for the nonce, no
longer a sane animal. Of course no
education can be depended upon if a horse
is mad, any more than it would affect a
man in the like condition.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 25

Put the harness on the colt, with the
exception of the collar and breeching. The
best sort of bit is a roll of leather, rather
than steel, pretty thick, so that the animal
may play with it, and guarded at the
sides by two large round discs, also of
leather, to prevent the bit being pulled
through the mouth.

It will be observed that the dumb-jockey
is not used at all in this method : it is,
in my opinion, a very foolish instrument,
as there is a constant bearing on the
horse's mouth, in spite of the india-
rubber reins, which is accountable for the
want of sensitiveness we so generally
find. Besides, you save the expense of
buying or hiring a dumb-jockey, and
take two or three days instead of two

26 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

or three weeks to accomplish your
object.

Having put on the harness, take a good
long pair of reins and pass them through

Fig. 4.

the shaft-holes. This prevents the colt,
if he wheels round, from getting them
over his back, and becoming very much
mixed with them.

You stand, as in the illustration, on

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 27

the near side, with the off rein passing
above his hocks. This gives you a con-
siderable leverage power, and you will
not require any special activity or clever-
ness to keep him straight, for you can
readily pull him which way you please.
All you require, to do it well, is a little
practice, the same as in everything else
in life.

You now drive him round an imaginary
circle to the left. Perhaps he will not
start when you say '' Go on ! " — it is
well to use always the same phrase, and
to say it clearly — in which case, let
him be led a step or two, and patted
to encourage him. If he stops, crack
the whip, but do not hit him, and say
" Go on ! " in a loud and angry tone.

28 Hints Oil Colt-Breaking.

letting your man pat him again when
he does so.

When he has travelled five or six yards
to the left, pull the off rein with consider-
able force, using the off' hind leg above
the hock as a leverage, and thus bring
him round the opposite way, moving to
the right.

A very short dose of this treatment,
say for fifteen minutes, will make him
extremely ready to answer the pull of
either rein, and that is enough for the
first lesson.

It may be that he will object to the
feeling of the reins on his hind legs, and
will kick ont at them. All the better.
Let him do so, because he cannot do the
slightest harm, and if there is any kick

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 29

in him it must come out some time or
other. Professor Sample (who is a capital
hand with a horse, and whom I cordially
recommend as the very best of teachers)
used to tell me that it was better to break
the horse by himself, than the horse and
the trap, which is very true. So you
pay no attention to the colt's kicks and
struggles, but simply go on pulling him
about as you please, with the view of de-
ceiving him into the idea that you don't
care a farthing what he does, and that
you are the master.

I hope it is quite clear, from what I
have said above, that you do not, on any
account, stand hehind the colt when you
are thus driving him, but always in the
middle of your imaginary circle, making

30 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

him pass round you from left to right,
or from right to left. The effect of
driving him from behind would be that
you, while walking on your own legs,
could not, by any chance, be sure of
giving the exact pressure or relief that
you desired ; nor could you compel him
to come round in the same way, as he
might give you his head, but refuse to
move his hind quarters.

The next lesson is to make him stop.
It is a fine thing to have a horse that
will go, but not so agreeable when you
put the accent on the will. Of the two,
it would be a good deal safer to have
a horse that would not go at all, than
one that would not stop at all, except
when he wished.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 31

Therefore, clear your throat for a
souorous '' Whoa ! " at the same time
preparing for it, by getting behind the
colt this time, and pulling both reins
equally when you shout, so that the colt
nearly sits down on his haunches. This
is the easiest thing of all to teach, for
the animal very much dreads the sudden
pull, and with two or three trials will
obey instantly. Never give your order
twice. When he undertstands "- Whoa ! "
make him do it. At first he will stop
very quickly at the accustomed sound,
without your making any use of the reins ;
but if you find him growing careless, as
time goes on, give him a reminder by
pulling him up abruptly if he takes a
single step after receiving your command.

32 Hints 07t Colt-Breakmg,

I am always trying to follow out in
my own mind what a horse thinks about
things, and why he acts in the peculiar
way he sometimes does ; but I am unable
to account for this : — A horse, thoroughly
mouthed, as above, to turn right or left,
and to stop, will yet, on occasion, run
away with you, if he wishes to do so,
under very ordinary excitement, such as
galloping with other horses in the wake
of hounds ; but when he has been taught
the next point, namely, to hack quickly
and well, he never will. There must
be some hazy idea in his stupid head that
the bit and bridle, in the hands of a man,
can actually make him go the very op-
posite way to that which he would like,
and this has a different effect on his

Hints oil Colt-Breaking, 33

memory altogether than merely stopping
him. It makes him afraid to go up to
the bit unless you tell him to do so ; and
it's lucky he is so foolish, otherwise we
should never be able to ride him with
any safety.

To back him you get behind with the
long reins, and, when he is standing still,
you say, " Back ! " He docs not under-
stand this, so you explain it by jerking
both reins, saying "- Back ! " first, with
a jerk after, till he does so. Many horses
will fight against this treatment very de-
terminedly. They will rear straight up
on end, and I am extremely averse to
the idea of pulling them over backwards
when in this position ; because, though it
would be an excellent lesson in manners,

D

34 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

tlie risk of the animal doing himself
an injury is too great to allow you to
chance it. Therefore, I would let him
come down again, and when he does so,
again say '' Back ! " with a strong jerk
as before. He may go up a dozen times,
but each time will be with less vigour,
and he is not at all likely to fall of his
own accord ; it is only very vicious horses
that ever lose their balance or throw
themselves back, and we all know that
that kind never manage to do themselves
any harm. The very fact that a horse
has sufficient brains to resist man, at
once proves he has sense enough to look
after himself.

Headers will notice that mustangs are
the most difficult of all horses to break ;

Hints oil Colt-Breaking. 35

and why ? Because they have been left
free to get their own liveKhood, and
are a great deal more capable of de-
fending themselves than a domestic
animal ever can be. We read how, out
on the prairies, they actually have sense
enough to post solitary sentinels, away
from the herd, to give the alarm if any
enemy approaches, and select for them-
selves a leader, under whose orders they
act in concert, and who is always the
finest and strongest animal of them all.
Now, I will venture to say that if
the brains of every horse in England
could be added together, the total would
not be equal to so much wisdom as
this !

When we have got our colt to back

36 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

freely, we have carried his education so
far as this ; he will go to the left, to the
right, will stop, will back, and will not
run away.

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 37

III.

The treatment which the colt has under-
gone is equally necessary whether you
intend to ride or to drive him. He has
been taught to obey : — to go, to stop, or
to back, all of which are required in
saddle or harness.

But as a horse is unsafe to drive until
he is thoroughly accustomed to the sights
and sounds of the road, I always prefer
to ride him first. He is much more
easily managed when you are on his
back, and, in the event of any sudden
fright, he is not so likely to get into

38 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

difficulties as when he has a trap behind
him.

If you have already accustomed him to
a roller and then to a saddle in his in-
fancy, you have now merely to renew his
acquaintance with these ; but, if not, you
must do with him as previously directed.
He may kick about a little when the
saddle is first put on, or, more probably,
when it is at length girthed up pretty
tightly, but when he finds he cannot
displace it, he soon submits.

And here I should say that bad tackle
is a fruitful cause of a horse learning
vice. Should the girths give way, for
example, and should he find himself able
to get rid of the saddle, be sure lie will
try to do so again with redoubled vigour.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 39

On the other hand, when he is quite ac-
customed to the saddle, he will take little
notice of the girths giving way, and not
in any way presume upon the accident :
always provided that he is not, at that
precise moment, trying to kick you off.
Should it happen so, he will certainly
think himself the cleverer of the two,
and try it on again.

It is a good plan to continue the driving-
process with the reins through the stirrup-
irons, and keep on pulling him to whicli
side you like, regardless of his struggles.

I find that very few colts kick at all
if I place a shee23skin, with the woolly
side next the back, under the saddle. I
fancy that the pressure is much less direct
upon any particular part, as the soft wool

40 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

spreads in an agreeable fashion. At all
events, I always use one myself when
breaking, and if he is thoroughbred, I
never have a saddle on without it at

Fig. 5.

any time. Even in the hottest summer
weather a horse will never have a sore
back when one is used, and it must be
a great saving to him in a long day's
liuntiug or hacking.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 41

Our colt having now mastered the
erroneous idea that it is impossible to
get the saddle off, we must accustom him
to a weight upon it. Festina lente, said
the Roman proverb, meaning to say,
" Hurry, by all means, but not too
quickly."

So we can improvise a capital rider,
who will kick his legs about pleasantly,
by taking an empty oat-sack, putting a
little into the bottom, tying it tightly in
the middle, adding another equal quan-
tity of oats, and then sewing the mouth
up.

It is very easy to tie the rider to the
saddle, and if the colt is much of a
kicker, a loose rope passed from one
corner of the sack, under his bellv, to

42 Hints Gu Colt-Breaking,

the other side, will prevent the legs from
dancing too much.

You must now lead him about with
his new burden, till he shows no sign of
restiveness, and the rider can, like a

Fig. 6.

London alderman, increase in weiglit
from day to day, by the same process —
stuffing.

When the colt is thoroughly accus-
tomed to the weight, it only remains to

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 43

substitute a real rider for the imitation
one.

This must be done with great care,
as no chance must be given to the colt
to master us, and therefore we must
reduce his power to do himself or us
harm.

A horse is (as before said) a very
stupid animal, and has absolutely no
power whatever of thinking about two
things at the same moment.* It is
therefore a good plan to give him some-
thing that will occupy his entire atten-
tion, and also keep him still, while we
are first attempting to mount him.

■^- This is the cause of many falls in the liunting
field. The horse is striding along to his fence,
when the rider distracts his attention by some word
or movement, and the two come to grief.

44 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

This simple and useful article is
a piece of rope, tied in a particular
way, as used by the North American
Indians, and which they call their " war-
bridle."

Take an ordinary piece of rope about
three yards long, and at the end of it
tie a simple knot. Then at the distance

Fig. 7.

of about a foot tie another of the same
shape, only leave it open. You now
pass the first knot, in this direction,
through the second one, from the far

Hints on CoIt-Brcaking. 45
side, wliicli you pull tight so as to fix

Fig. 8.

Fig. U.

the lirst, and this leaves a small noose,

46 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

the whole presenting the following ap-
pearance (except that it is not pulled
tight in the diagram so as to show the
shape) : —

Fig. 10.

Place the noose in the colt's mouth,
under his tongue, not over, with the
knots on the off side ; bring the rope
(3ver his neck, eight inches behind the

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 47

ears, and pass it through the loop oii
the near side, thus : —

Fig. 11.

You can now pull on your end of
rope till you acquire whatever tightness
you wish, when you fix it with a half-
hoop running knot. By simply pulling
the dangling end, you can release
the pressure when you please, even
when you are in the saddle, as it is

48 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

withiu your reach when you stoop I'or-
ward.

One more diagram to illustrate what
the bridle looks like when fixed.

Fig. 12.

You will notice that the ludiaii bridle
does not interfere with the ordinary one,
by which you intend to guide the animal.
But it has this effect, that he is unable
to think of anything else at the same

Hints Oil Colf-Rreaking. 49

time ; or, at all events, lie can only
do so in a spasmodic and interrupted
fashion, which does not leave him the
chance of concentrating his energy upon
getting you off.

I bought a horse, five years old, this
summer, at a cheap rate, because he was
difficult to ride. It happened that I was
away from home for a month, so that,
as he was fed on oats and out at grass,
he had a good chance of being tolerably
'' fresh " on my return. Having great
confidence in this bridle, I had him out
in a field, without any lunging or
preparation, put the saddle and bridle
on him, added the Indian bridle, and got
up quietly. Knowing him to be a
determined bucker, especially at starting,

E

56 Hints on Colt-Brcakiug,

I fully expected to have a lively scene,
but all lie did was to slightly move his
back, wag his head (which he tried to
get down and couldn't), and walk quietly
off. This did not seem to him exactly
the right thing, nor what he was accus-
tomed to, so he stopped twice to think
about it, wagging his head each time.
Had I struck or spurred him, no doubt
he would have done his best to get me
off, but as I did not excite him in any
way, he reasoned that somehow or other
bucking was less agreeable than it used
to be, and that it was fully easier to
take no trouble, but just go on quietly.
I kept the Indian bridle in his mouth
for two miles, and did not see any sign
of wickedness about him, till we got to

Hints oil Colt-Brcakiug. 51

a very steep hill, in a wood. Here he
paused and wagged his head again, seeing
a glorious opportunity to put me over
it, but as his head was still held up in
some unaccountable way by a master
hand (no doubt he gave me the credit),
he gave it up. At the foot of the hill,
I reached forward and slipped the war-
bridle out of his mouth, and, let me say
to his credit, he has never once tried
the slightest trick since. Only the other
day a young fellow, who had never
been with hounds in his life, rode this
same animal for three or four hours,
and thought it was ** chaff" when I
told him to write to his mother that
not only had he got the brush, but
that he had ridden the most dans^erons

52 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

horse in England, without getting
killed !

When you have your colt fixed in this
way, after having led him about for some
time, you go through the preliminaries of
mounting. Before actually getting up, it
is a good plan to catch the front of the
saddle with your right hand, the mane
halfway up the neck with j^our left, and
spring on to his withers. " A leg up " is
better than springing, as it is more gentle.
As you are lying thus on his withers, with
your legs dangling down on the near side,
vou have the opportunity of seeing how
lie likes it without any risk, because he
cannot kick you off, and is not at all likely
to rear with your weight on his fore hand.
Of course, the groom could hold him by a

Hints 0)1 Colt-Brcaking. 53

rope — in which case there must be a head-
stall on — but, nine times out of ten, that
is quite unnecessary, as the war-bridle
has the effect of keeping even a fidgety
horse standing still, until he is ordered to
move.

If he takes no notice of this first
attempt, you can get down and repeat it
a few times,' because each point must
be solidly gained before we attempt a
new one. At last, when you judge him
pretty safe, jump up as before on the
withers, and slowly, and without any fuss,
get your right leg over the saddle, when
you can work your way back into it.
This mode gives you the great advantage
that you can at any moment regain the
ground in safety, and it enables you to

54 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

gauge exactly whether you can proceed
or not. If he is restless, which is not
at all probable, continue the climbing
up and down the withers a few times
more.

The reader will observe that my idea is
to give him a method by which the colt
can be broken without any very special
skill or bravery on his part. I greatly
admire a man who can stick to a horse
whatever he does ; but not being one of
these myself, I have concluded that the
best plan is to get the animal quiet before
I get up.

Having got into the saddle, you should
sit perfectly still, except for patting his
neck and encouraging him. Now come
down agaiu, and get on by means of the

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 55

stirrup ; repeat this eight or ten times,
and your animal will he much advanced
in the education which will enable you,
directlv, to trust him out on the road.

56 Flints on Colt-Breaking.

IV.

If you have still any lingering doubt as
to whether your colt is to be trusted, ride
him the first time with the Indian bridle
in his mouth.

Cause your man to mount a steady old
horse, and let him go on in front. I need
scarcely say that all this is best done in
an enclosure that the colt cannot see out
of. Any small field with high fences will
do ; but your object must be not to let
him be excited by any sights or sounds
he is not accustomed to at first.

Let him then follow his leader round

Hints on Colt-Brcaking. 57

the field for half an hour each day, oi',
better still, twice a day, for a week or so,
in accordance with how much time you
can afford to spare on your pupil. During
the same days, when you are not on his
back, he should be broken to stand or
walk quietly under the effect of unwonted
sights and sounds. Each breaker will
have his own idea as to what is the best
variety, but among other things I recom-
mend the following.

Let your man come in at the gate with
one of those noisy rattles that the youth-
ful Hodge employs to scare birds from
the corn, and make all the row he can as
he walks up to, past, and away from the
colt, who will very soon cease to regard
it. I was amused by one of mine, that

58 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

is constantly fed out of my pocket, push-
ing the rattle contemptuously aside with
liis nose; and yet, five minutes pre-
viously, he had taken to his heels and
gone away helter-skelter in the last stage
of alarm.

Then let him bring an umbrella, and,
when about ten yards off, open it suddenly
in the colt's face. He can gradually de-
crease the distance till the lesson is
learned.

Next tie an old kettle or a tin biscuit-
box by a rope to his tail, trailing on
the ground. Be careful to let him hear
the noise by making it jangle all round
him before you finally tie it to him.
Ill this way he does not mind it in the
least.

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 59

A good loud whistle is also of use, and
beuefits your own lungs at the same time.
Apoplectic gentlemen should avoid this ;
but then they should avoid colt-breaking

altogether.

The whip should be loudly cracked all
round him until he stands quite steady,
unless you tell him to go on. This is of
great importance because, in a crowded
thoroughfare, it is very likely that the
crack of some one else's whip may startle
him, thus making him move forward,
when, perhaps, the traftic will not admit
of doing so. He should even be accus-
tomed to back while the cracking is going
on, as, in this way, he learns to regard
only direct orders, and to pay no attention
to extraneous sounds.

6o Hints on Colt-Breaking,

Lastly, if you have any chance of
getting him accustomed to steam, in any
of its forms, do so. Generally, on a
neighbouring farm, you can find a thresh-
ing-machine at work, or some other agri-
cultural instrument of horse-torture, and
it will not be time wasted if you take
him there and let him have a good look
at it. At first he will look as surprised
as Christopher Columbus might have done,
had he been told that some one else dis-
covered America ; but in time the feeling
will wear off, and as, in these days, we
can scarcely escape from the dominion of
steam, you will very often have occasion
to congratulate yourself on your fore-
tliought.

You are now ready to adventure forth

Hints oil Colt-Brcakiug. 6i

into the wide world — always behind the
steady horse — and when you see how
friendly and gentle your steed is, you
will be glad that you have, on occasion,
curbed your temper, and treated him
kindly. It is an odd thing, considering
how constantly we are all liable to little
hastinesses, that we never look back, by
any chance, with pleasure, on having
been violent. No man ever says, " [
wish I had been more rough and abrupt
that day ! " but many a one says, " I
wish I could have kept quiet for a
moment, and not made a fool of myself
by saying so much as I did ! " And
this, in spite of the leniency with wliich
we regard most of our own faults. Add-
ing them up, we make two and two equal

62 Hints oil Colt-Breakiug,

to three, whereas in adding those of our
friends, or our horses, two and two
generally make five !

When your colt has got accustomed to
going out daily, he will soon begin to
move off before you are properly in the
saddle. This should be checked at once,
as the gentle walk soon becomes an im-
mediate start forward, accompanied per-
haps by a kick or buck. Insist upon
his standing absolutely still, giving him
a tap across the chest each time he
moves forward, and saying "AVlioa!"
a word he understands. A very little
move forward must not be excused, or
the lesson is not learned at all. Thus,
in later days, you can get down to
pick up a whip in the hunting field,

lliufs on Colf-Brcakiiig. 63

and can remount among galloping-
horses.

When the road is an everyday aJBfair,
causing no fear and but little surprise to
our young pupil, we can put him in
harness, with a view to drawing us be-
hind him.

Hitherto he has not had a collar on,
nor a breeching, so you get these in their
places, and drive liim about with the
reins as before.

Now, in harness, we never know
what may happen. A wheel may come
off, or the harness may break going
downhill and let the cart on to
the horse's hind quarters ; or, though
we drive very nicely ourselves, we
may meet others on the road who are

64 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

not so skilful, and who bump against
us.

" There is nothing certain but death,"
says the Eastern proverb, so we cannot
be quite sure of preparing against every
event that can possibly happen, but we
can at least do something towards that
desirable end.

Get a thin, smooth ash pole, about one
and a half inch in diameter and eight feet
long, and with this, when the horse is
in motion, touch him gently all over in
those places where he is not used to be
touched. Behind and in front of his fore
legs, behind and in front of his hind legs,
in the ribs, under the tail, over his back,
everywhere, in fact, should be as it were
prepared for any unexpected shock. If is

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 65

the nature of the horse to try to get rid
of anything that annoys him by biting,
striking, or kicking at it ; but when he
finds that your pole still keeps on touch-
ing him, whether he likes it or not, he
soon gives in, and submits to the inevit-
able.

Many horses do not like the feeling of
being confined between the shafts, so
you can ascertain whether such is the
case with your colt, by putting the ash
pole through the shaft-hole, tying it on
with a piece of string, with the end
traiHng behind on the ground. You can
practise him with this, first one side, then
the other, taking care to turn him about
so that it shall touch his hind legs ; or
you can have a couple of poles, and put

66 Hi7its oil Colt-Breaking.

them both on at once, which is the better
plan, as more nearly resembling the two
shafts.

Next take a light round log — suiB-
ciently wide to keep the traces well out,
to prevent entanglement — and drive him
all round, pulling it behind him. I like
a short chain, fixed by a staple in the
log, and then a short length of rope to
connect the traces to the chain^ because,
in the event of any difficulty, it is well
to have something you can cut^ and a
horse may very well break his leg be-
fore he can get rid of a stout chain.

Then, a heavier log, in the same
style.

Of course, the colt should be driven
up a hill a few times, so that you may

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 67

be sure he takes the collar well, and will
not throw it up when he feels a weight
behind him.

A nice thing to have on the premises,
for those who put many colts in har-
ness, is an inexpensive little carriage,
which costs about a pound. It consists

Fig. 13.

of a pair of old wheels and an axle
(which can be picked up for a few
shillings anywhere), and to this you rig
a couple of rough ash shafts — your own
manufacture, if you wish to save expense.

68 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

The shafts should be about three feet
longer than usual, so that, if the horse
should kick — which I cannot imagine our
paragon doing — he cannot reach the axle.
Of course he might kick over the shafts
and get in a mess, but that might happen
any way.

The advantage of this little go-cart is,
that, being very light, a horse will cheer-
fully face his hills with it, however steep,
the first time of asking, and thus gets
into the habit of thinking no more of a
hill than of the level. In the same way,
going downhill, he has not a great
weight to keep back, and he is not an-
noyed by the carriage forcing him for-
wards. Also, as you walk behind on
your own legs, it is not likely that you

Hints 07t Colt-Breaking. 69
will be killed yourself. The only dis-
advantage is, that you can hardly treat
the horse's mouth with the precision that
would be possible were you comfortably
established in a seat ; but that is a minor
affair, with the mouth already made, and
is not to be compared with the serious
disadvantage of teaching your animal to
jibe.

The colt is now ready to drive, when
and where you like, in an ordinary dog-
cart. Still, keep the weight as light as
possible, and always, when you take the
collar off, see that his neck is rubbed
dry, and then well sponged with strong
salt and water. No animal whose neck
pains him will go into the collar ; you
wouldn't yourself; and we wish him to

70 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

understand that all we ask him to do
is reasonable, and will put him to no
suffering.

I can strongly recommend, both for use
in breaking and after a horse is quite
steady, the excellent rein patented by
Mr. Serjeant, and sold by Lee, of Long
Acre, London. He has cleverly applied
to everyday use the principle shown in
diagram 17. The rein begins at the
crupper, passes to the mouth, and thence
back to the driver's hands. Thus the
horse is driven both by his head and
tail, and is fixed in such a fashion that
he certainly cannot run away, or rear,
while any attempt at kicking is almost
entirely neutralized. This rein is a real
boon to all nervous drivers, and is of the

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 71

greatest value to people living in a town,
where it may be very inconvenient to
put in practice the maxims I have set
down for controlling a horse. So power-
ful is the effect that a horse may be easily
driven without any bit in his mouth at
all, the rein being merely passed through
the sides of the noseband. At the same
time it is a most gentle and humane
appliance, no force being applied but
that of a steady pulL Many a good
horse, that weighs on the hand a little,
would become a totally different animal
to drive with this rein, as he might be
taken any distance without wearying the
wrist. I should like, at all events, to see
all ladies using it, as they w^ould be
much less likely to be taken by surprise

72 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

when staring about, bowing to passing
friends, and, in fact, attending to any-
thing but the animal they are driving,
as the general way of ladies is.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 73

Y.

Now to teach your colt how to jump.
But, although I put this subject after
the instruction in riding and driving
merely because every one does not wish
his colt to jump, yet, chronologically,
speaking, I should really teach him, very
gently, before the saddle and harness
work, beginning at about two and a half
years old, and giving him very little
of it.

Hitherto you will notice that my
instructions have not necessitated the

74 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

outlay of any vast capital, but I am
now going to advise the disbursement of
some seven pounds, with a view to
forming a ring in a corner of a field,
like this :

Fig. 14. —Bird's-eye View.

Hints on Colt-Bi' caking. 75

This ring may be made of the roughest
material, and need not be so beautifully
round as I have drawn it with the aid
of a pair of compasses. It should be a
hundred yards in circumference, so that
the horse may not come too suddenly
upon the jumps, and should be laid
deeply with tan.

The outer circle should consist of posts
and rails, five and a half feet high, or
six feet is still better ; the inner, four
feet high, eight feet distant from the
first.

A is a gateway, to let you in with the
horse.

At B you will notice the ring is
narrowed by a slanting bar running to

76 Hints Oft Colt-Breaking.

the outer ring and meeting two posts,
arranged thusj —

Fig. 15,

On the inner ring two similar posts

Fig. 16.

are placed so that we can put a stout

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 77

bar between them at any of the three
altitudes we please.

The reason that the ring is narrowed
at this point from eight feet to four feet
is, that the horse cannot well turn round,
and so cannot refuse, unless he stops
dead, which is not likely if you run
from behind with a whip at the right
moment.

The uprights are supported by the
posts and rails that form the ring on the
inner side, and by a bar or two connect-
ing the larger ring on the outer side,
but you can add a special stay if you
please, because it is of the last import-
ance that nothing should give way.

At c we have a bank thrown up,
three feet high, two feet wide on the

78 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

top, six feet wide at the base, with a
ditch on each side two feet wide. The
whole thus measures ten feet from one
side to the other of the ditches.

At D we have a water-jump cut out,
lined roughly with cement, and filled
with water, a foot deep and six feet
wide.

You now take your stand in the middle
of the ring, with a whip, a sieve, and a
tin of oats, and drive the colt round,
from the gateway to the left. A very
little driving will get him over the water,
but the bank and double ditch generally
puzzle him a good deal at first. If he
seems afraid of these, take a rope, tied
to his halter, in your hand, and jump on
to the bank yourself, and then off, when

Hiiifs on Colt-Breaking. 79

he will do the same. You must not at
any time let him fly the whole ten feet,
as many spirited youngsters will do with
ease ; but when he does that you must
stop him, put on the rope, and lead him
back yourself, jumping on and off. By
this process, he does not get enough way
on him to fly, and so is content to imi-
tate your off and on motion. Be careful
that he does not do this so quickly as to
alight on your heels, than which there
is scarcely a more disagreeable sensation.

The timber-jump can remain quite low
for several days, so that the colt may
not be flustered, and may learn to have
his hind legs in the right place when he
takes off.

Always stop him at E, and reward

8o Hints on Colt-Breaking,

him with a little oats in the sieve. E
is some distance from the timber, because
the colt learns in a few minutes where
to stop for his oats, and we do not wish
to teach him to stop abruptly imme-
diately on reaching the ground.

Six times round the ring is enough
for each lesson, as it is very important
not to weary him out with what must
seem to him a very useless performance.
On the contrary, with only six rounds
and six rewards the colt will always be
most wilhng to come into the ring, and
will be especially brave at the timber,
as he well knows he can stop on the
other side for the oats, which you can
vary with sugar or carrot — the principle
is the same.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 8i

I have a colt who will go round of his
own accord, with the timber at five feet
high, always stopping systematically at E.

I have had many requests from friends
to be " allowed to come, one day, and
ride round your ring ; " but I have not
yet seen the one who will do so, when
the time comes ! They say, " Ah, I see !
you put the horse round by himself;
then there is no need for me to ride
him ! "

Nor is there. That is the idea. If
there is to be a fall, let the horse have
it to himself. You won't benefit him in
any way by sharing the danger with
him; on the contrary, your weight and
your hands on the bridle are, unless you
are a very fine rider, of great disadvantage

G

82 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

to him. As a general rule, it is not the
top rail, but the bridle ., which throws
a horse down.

I aro quite aware that some Irish
trainers drive (with reins) the animal round
a somewhat similar ring, instead of letting
him go by himself. But I consider this
a very inferior system, for one important
reason. If the horse goes by himself he
has nothing to distract his attention, and
begins to judge for himself where to take
off. You will often find this of great
advantage — under a tree, say, with your
hat smashed down on your forehead, and
a fence out of the wood in front of you.
Then where are you, if you have taught
the horse never to jump except when he
got " the office " ? There runs a story of

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 83

how one niglit before a horse-fair, a
stranger to that particular region loudly
boasted that he had the cleanest and
best jumper of any man in the inn.
This was angrily denied, and when he
said that Ids would clear a single straw
held four feet from the ground, the state-
ment was received with loud derision.
So he managed to book various one and
two guinea bets, till he had something
like twenty on, offering to do the feat
then and there. The horse was brought
out and saddled. Two men held the
straw between them, at a measured four
feet high, the owner got on, took a short
run, and jumped it, clean and clever, as
he had said. The horse teas blind, and,
being an old hunter, always jumped when

84 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

he got "the ofiSce," for fear of falling.
Not knowing what he was getting over,
he had a habit of jumping about four
and a half feet high every time.*

Now, in the matter of jumping, unlike
any other part of his education, I like
a horse to think a little for himself, or,
as Wbyte Melville puts it, to take care
of the bigger fool of the two. We attain
this end best by letting him jump first
by himself, till he is thoroughly used
to it.

You can easily teach him to do doubles

* This was in the " good old days," and I
believe the man made a large income with his
simple trick, by going from one fair to another.
But this easy guilefulness would not be such a
fortune nowadays. Some one would write all
about it to the Field !

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 85

cleverly by putting up a low bar at f,
and as he knows already that there is
one at B, he soon gets very smart
about it.

This process does not admit of a horse
becoming a rusher ; it makes him crafty
and thoughtful, because he knows from
experience that you may change the
timber-jump any moment. The others
he soon despises.

You can have a hurdle, laced with
boughs, etc., tied to the bars at B, to
represent a hedge, but always with the
bars behind it, so that he will come down
if he attempts any liberties.

Next change the wooden hurdle for an
iron one, and you will have a tolerably
safe horse at the end of the lesson. He

86 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

is almost sure to rap it once, but never
twice. If steeplechase horses were taught
in this way, we should not see quite so
much falling ; but they are allowed to
" chance " so many weak fences when
they are under instruction, that they
always imagine most of them can be
run through. An iron hurdle will utterly
prevent that notion ever taking hold of
their minds.

It is as well to ride the horse round
the ring with only a low jump up,
merely that he may have the feeling of
beiug ridden at an obstacle. He will
never refuse in his own ring, and will
thus be very unlikely to do so when
you get him out with the hounds, because
horses are such creatures of habit, that

Hints 011 Colt-Breaking, 8j

instinct tells tliem exactly what you
mean when you put them at a fence,
from association with the same feeling in
the ring.

In this jumping business, I must repeat
that you cannot teach your colt too
gradually. Bring him on by degrees,
and he will never know how to refuse ;
whereas, if you force him up against a
high rail that frightens him, he will soon
find you can not get him over against
his will, which is a fatal lesson for him
to learn.

The pleasure which is to be got out
of the very small outlay on the ring is
enormous, and will amply repay the cost.
Also, at a later date, when, perhaps, you
have cleared a gate in good style together,

88 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

you will like to be able to say, " / taught
him myself V

" And oil ! my beloved 'earers," as the
great Jorrocks says, now that you have
a well-educated animal, do ride him
properly. To that end, buy a copy of
Whyte Melville's " Riding Recollections ; "
read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest
it, and, when you have done so, read it
/ again. It is the very best book that
ever was written on the subject, and
probably that ever will be; every one
who understands horses will agree with
nearly every word he says.

Only at page 75 he quotes " one of
the finest horsemen in Europe," as saying,
" I am the owner, I wish I could say the
master, of the four best hunters I ever

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 89

had in my life." Had the gentleman but
known how to handle his horse before
he went hunting, he need not have
spoken in so self-depreciatory a strain ;
whereas Melville seems to imply that we
must expect little peculiarities in different
horses, and that they are incurable.

^

90 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

VI.

An ingenious gentleman, writiug a book
on Iceland, and determined to have it
very complete, headed one of his chap-
ters—

CHAPTER VI.

SNAKES IN ICELAND.

and the whole chapter consisted of the
words, " There are no snakes in Ice-
land."

Annexing this idea, I was about to call
my sixth chapter, " Vicious Horses," and
then say, " There are no vicious horses." (Tl^

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 91

Nor are there, unless, as I am told,
there are some that are mad ; but I never
saw one of these.

However, although there are no horses
naturally vicious, there are a good many
that learn various vices from the incom-
petent men who handle them ; and it
may be that you may pick up one of
these at Tattersall's or some other auction
mart, and would like to keep the animal
could you but rid him of some disagree-
able habit he has acquired.

We will, therefore, consider some of
the more usual failings.

A horse that bites should have placed
in his mouth a wooden roller about two
inches thick, instead of a bit. Rarey
used this in a round form, but it is more

92 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

painful in an octagonal form, when the
horse tries to snap at you. With this in
his mouth he cannot close his teeth on
you, and if you stroke him all over about
the head and neck, and speak roughly
to him when he tries to bite, he will
soon relinquish this dangerous habit. I
know of nothing that proves the super-
lative stupidity of the horse more than
this fact — put a muzzle on him and stroke
him as advised, he will bite you when
you remove it ; put the wooden roller in
his mouth, and he will not bite you
after his lesson is complete. One would
think he would know, in each case, that
the preventive is removed, but it is
not so.

A horse that hites his crih and sucks in

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 93

his wind, will speedily go wrong in that
essential particular. The only way to
cure this is to have him in a smooth
box, with absolutely nothing to lay hold
of. Grive him his oats in a sieve on the
ground, taking it away when empty, and
put his hay in a corner. A horse is
always apt to return to this habit, and
it would be well at no time to tie him
up by the head in a stall with a manger
in front of him.

A horse that weaves must always be
kept in a loose-box. This habit is first
acquired out of pure idleness, as a means
of amusing himself. This sort of horse
is generally a poor doer, but I do not
know that there are any direct bad re-
sults from this disagreeable trick.

94 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

A horse that hreahs his halter can easily
be cured by adopting this remedy.

Fig. 17.

Take a rope (half-inch) about eighteen
feet long. Begin at A, pass the rope to
the off side, then under his tail ; bring
it to the near and across to the off again,
so that his tail is in a loop ; then
round in front of his chest and back

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 95

again to a. Here tie to the end you
have in your hand, and pass under his
belly, fastening it securely exactly oppo-
site A on the off side, thus making a
belly-band to prevent the whole gear
slipping upwards. Now tie one end of
a short rope to his head-stall, pass it
through a ring fixed on the manger, or
on a post, and tie to his chest-rope.

When a horse is in this position he
will pull back both on his head and tail,
and, disliking the feeling of it, will very
soon desist.

For a horse that hangs hack when led,
this is a capital cure, and it also accustoms
him to travel with his hind quarters well
under him. The rope, at the place where
it passes under the tail, should be lined

96 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

with some soft wadding twisted round it,
if the animal is to be led any distance,
as, otherwise, the tail would become
chafed and sore.

If you tie him in this position to a
stout post, you can very readily accustom
him to any sights or sounds that you
wish him to make acquaintance with, as
he cannot get away, and will very soon
learn that you do not hurt him.

A horse that is difficult to put in a
train should be treated in this way
for a day or two previously, and he will
then readily follow wherever you lead

him.

Place in the mouth of a horse that is
difficult to clip, the Indian war-bridle, and
he will be then a great deal more tract-

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 97

able and easier to handle. This is much
more efficient than the twitch generally
in use, and has the great advantage of
neither frightening nor hurting him. A
horse that has been twitched on the ear

never forgets it, and some become, in
consequence, so shy of letting you ap-
proach their ears at all, that it is a work
of time and difficulty to get a bridle on.
On the contrary, a horse never has any
objection to renewing his acquaintance
with the Indian bridle, and you can
always put it in his mouth after it has
once been there.

If a horse is so vicious that it is danger-
ous to approach him, drive him into a
stall and then close him in. Take your
ash pole and drive a nail into it about

u

98 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

two feet from the end. Then make up
a rope halter in the following way : —

Fig. 18.

Next play it up and down upon the
horse's neck, and about his ears till he
gets tired of flinching away from it, and
takes little notice. Then let that part
of the halter which is intended to rest
behind the ears fall into its place, keeping
the rest suspended on the pole. A quick
jerk of the pole down the horse's nose and

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 99

under his jaw will bring the halter jinto
its proper place and you can then with-
draw the pole, holding the animal with
the rope.

'[(}. U)

When a horse ruhs Ids tail, tie it about

* Why the gentleman who did the ilhistnitiuny
should have made this such an amiahle-lookiLg
aniaial, I dun't know.

loo Hints on Colt-Breaking.

four inches from the top, with a piece of
tape. Four inches lower tie with another
piece. The tail should also be well washed

Fig. 20.

with soap and water, and some lard oil
rubbed round its junction with the body.

AVhen a horse is difficult to catch, have
him driven into a small enclosure or yard,
with fence or wall so high that he cannot
get out. Something about ten yards
square is a good size, and any place with

Hints on Colt-Breaking. loi

corners is better than a round shape, as,
in the latter case, a horse can keep on
going away from yon, whereas, in a
square, you can get him into a corner.

Take your whip in your left hand (a
good long whip that will reach all over
the place), and with your right commence
to lead him round and round the enclosure,
saying, " Come along," from time to time.
In a minute or two, cease holding him by
the head, and invite him to *^ come along,"
as before. He will probably follow a step
or two, and then stop, as he has not the
slightest wish to follow you. Go back to
him, and if he will not come, gradually
pass down his near side till you get behind
him. He is sure to jump away, when you
must give him a sharp cut over the heels

I02 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

with the whip. This will cause him to
dash wildly round his cage, but you can
easily get him in a corner, with his heels
towards you, and his head away. Go
carefully up the near side, till you get
hold of his head, and begin all over again,
each time that he turns his heels towards
you hitting them smartly with the whip.
Five minutes of this simple lesson, patting
his neck when his head is towards you,
and hitting his heels when they are
towards you, will convince him that his
only safety lies in keeping that part of
him next you which receives no punish-
ment. He will soon follow your whip-
hand backwards and forwards, in and
out, round and round, or in any strange
figure you like to devise.

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 103

At first he will break away, and then
retribution must be immediate, so that he
associates the very act of turning away
with a blow. I take it that about eight
or ten such divergences from the path of
duty are the very most an ordinary horse
will attempt.

Curiously enough, the more alarmed a
horse is for the whip, the more quickly
he can be taught to obey. It seems to
become his fetish or god, and he cannot
take his eye off it. This method has
no tendency to make a horse vicious.

I was staying at a farmhouse this
summer with a colt I had trained in this
way. The farmer would not believe me
when 1 assured him the animal was follow-
ing not me^ but the whip. I offered to

I04 Hints oil Colt-Breaking.

teach a cob he had which was pecuHarly
nervous ; a mere swish of the whip would
make it, when in harness, start off at ten
miles an hour. He smiled at my idea, and
said that the more I hit her the more
nervous and wild she would become. I
gave her three or four lessons, and this was
the result in actual practice : — The night
before I left, some horses were being-
driven down the road, when this cob
made a run at the fence that sej^arated
her from them, and calmly trotted after
them. I seized a whip and walked after
her. A mile from home I found her
standing in the middle of the road. I
loudly cracked the whip as I walked up
to her (which, one would think, would
have made her turn round and run),

Hints on Coif-Breaking, 105

saying at the same time " Come along ! "
She did " come along." I never touched
her with one finger, but led her back,
behind the ivkij:), right into her own stall,
and we passed one or two gigs and carts
on the way.

If a horse kicks, he must be taught to
believe that we do not care whether he
kicks or not, as regards fear, but that, as
a sample of bad manners, we will not
tolerate such behaviour.

To render him powerless we must throw
him down.

Put on him a head-stall, the saddle and
crupper of an old set of harness, and then
attach a rope to the saddle on the off side.
Let this rope pass through his halter at
the front portion and back again, through

io5 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

the off ring of the saddle, across his back,
to the near side.

Fig. 21.

Now take a stirrup leather and strap
lip his near fore leg.

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 107
Standing on the near side with your

Fig. 22.

rope in your Imnd, you can now pull him

io8 Hints on Colt-Breaking,

gently over, without any shock. It is just
as well to have a man standing on the
near side holding a rope attached to the
horse's tail, so as to prevent any chance
of the animal falling to the off, and
doubling his neck under him ; but when
you get clever at this game, you can do
it yourself. What a difference there is
between this method and the delightful
old-fashioned one employed by most vets
of getting half a dozen powerful yokels
to pull a colt all round a field, and finally
throw him with a thud that shakes several
acres and the poor beast's whole system !

Having got him down, you can pre-
vent his getting up by simply pulling
his head round towards his body. Now
take your long pole and touch him all

Hints on Colt-Byeaking. 109

over, about the liiiid legs, under the tail,
in the ribs, etc. He will kick out, per-

FiG. 24.

baps, at first, but soon gives in, when
you can pick up any leg with your hand.

Sit down on his body, keeping his
head off the ground, and talk to him
a little. Pat him, and show him you

no Hints on Colt-Breaking.

are quite at your ease, whether he is
or not.

In this connection, I may say that
the best and easiest way to keep down
a horse that falls in harness is not to
sit on his head, but to pull his head
round to his body, as above indicated.
This saves your harness from getting
quite so many scratches, and renders the
horse absolutely powerless to rise.

If a horse holts^ in saddle or harness,
from fright, get him accustomed as well
as you can, at home, to the object which
causes his alarm, till he ceases to mind
it. If he holts from eagerness or vice, you
can cure him with the long reins, paying
special attention to making him back.

If a horse refuses at his jumps, you

Hints on Colt-Breaking. 1 1 1

must get him in your ring, and begin
very humbly. Give him plenty of a
low jump before you give hun a higher.
It is only fear of his incapacity to sur-
mount an obstacle that makes a horse
afraid to try. Any horse would rather
follow his friends in a run than remain
behind, so that we see it must be a
powerful motive that will cause him to
remain behind. That motive is fear^
the mainspring of nearly all the pecu-
liarities that v:e call ^' vice." It may be
that the horse has fevered feet, or hot
tendons, and cannot bear the idea of
rising in the air to come down with all
his weight and yours added. Of course,
a horse that has any disease of a sort
to make jumping a pain, either before

1 1 2 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

or behind, should be cured before his
instruction is proceeded with.

A huck'jmnping horse should first be
thrown down and treated as we did the
kicker, then allowed to rise ; the Indian
bridle shoukl be placed in his moutb,
the saddle put on, and then he should
be quietly mounted and dismounted
several times ; he will soon give it up
under this treatment.

A rearer can easily be cured with the
long reins. Make him back, and if he
is a very bad case, risk pulling him
over once. He won't like that. It
amuses him to get rid of his rider by
going up on end to an alarming
extent, but the fun is not so obvious
when he has to come backwards by

Hints oji Colf-Brcaki)ig. 1 1 3

himself. This sort of horse won't lie
sulkily on the ground, l)ut, all the same,
cut him severely with the whip the
instant he is down. It confuses him
dreadfully to be first pulled over and
then knocked up ! "On the whole," he
thinks, '' standing on my own four legs
securely may prevent both these dis-
agreeables." And it does.

A horse difficult to mount can be
rendered quite quiet with the Indian
bridle. I am not an advocate for tying
his head and tail together, but this is
also a sure preventive to his moving
as you get up. Pass the rope from his
bridle, under the girths, to his tail, and
then pull it until you get him slightly
into the form of a bow.

1

114 Hiuts on Colt-Breaking,

A horse that rushes at his fences can
most easily be cured by a series of

Fig. 25.

double jumps in the ring. Begin low ;
he will rush at the first, which will land
him almost on the top of the second,
but with a convulsive twist he will
probably get over. The next time he
will be much more wary, and will very

Hints oil Colt-Breaking. 1 1 5

soon, for his own sake, go collectedly
np to each fence, for fear there may be
another close under his nose when he
lands.

A horse that is difficult to harness
should have the Indian bridle placed in
his mouth, when the operation will be-
come much more simple.

A jibbe^-' in harness is the most difficult
animal of all to manage, because when
he is between the shafts we cannot do
just as we like with him. First, throw
him down (two or three times, if neces-
sary), to show your power. Then give
him long lessons with the rein, treating
him just as we did the unbroken colt,
with this difference, that each stage
must be continued for a longer time,

ii6 Hints on Colt-Breaking.

and great patience must be shown.
When you get him into the light car-
riage (wheels, axle, and shafts only)
make him back for five minutes before
you allow him to go forward. This he
will generally be very glad to do, when
you let him. The best way to back
him is to stand in front of him, pressing
the palm of your hand against the soft
part of his nose. There is no pain in
this, but the constantly repeated pres-
sure becomes irksome, causing him to
yield.

I should recommend every one in-
terested in the subject to see Professor
Sample's curious cage for breaking. He
puts the horse in, makes it revolve (by
hand or steam), and when the horse is

Hints on Colt-Breaking, 1 1 7

dizzy he is unable to resist anything you
may wish to do to him, whether harness-
ing, mounting, or what not.

There was a gentleman who was sadly
troubled with sleepless nights. He con-
sulted his doctor, who laconically advised,
as a cure, "political speeches." Had he
come to me, I should have said, " Try
colt-breaking ! "

THE END.

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A Journey Round My Room. By Xavier

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he Agony Column of "The Times."
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27

MY LIBRARY.

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Gastronomy as a Fine Art. By Brillat-

Savarin. Trans. R. E. Anderson, M.A.

The Epicurean, &c. By Thomas Moori
Leigh Hunt's Essays. Ed. E. Ollier,
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Gulliver's Travels, and The Tale of a

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Philistia,
Babylon
Strange Stories.
Beckoning Hand.
In all Shades.

Dumaresq's Daughter.
Bv EOWSrv L,. AI&IVOLJD.
Phra the Phoenician.

By A1,AIV T^T. AUBYIV.
A Fellow of Trinity.

Bv Rev. S. BABIIVG OOUIiB
Red Spider. I Eve.

By W. BESANT & ,J. BICE.

By Celia's Arbour.
Monks of Thelema.
The Seamy Side.
Ten Years' Tenant.

My Little Girl.
Case of Mr.Lucraft.
ThisSonofYulcan.
Golden Butterfly.
Ready-Money Mortiboy.
WMth Harp and Crown.
♦Twas in Trafalgar's Bay.
The Chaplain of the Fleet.

By WAI.TEK BESANT.
All Sorts and Conditions of Men.
The Captains' Room.
All in a Garden Fair
The World Went Yepy Well Then.
For Faith and Freedom

The Holy Rose.
Armorel of Lyon-

esse.
St. Katherine's by

the Tower.

Dorothy Forster.
Uncle Jack.
Children of Gibeon.
Herr Paulus.
Bell of St. Paul's.
To Call Her Mine.

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A Child of Nature.
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God and the Man. I The New Abelard.
Love Me for Ever. Foxglove Manor.
Annan Y/ater. | Master of the Mine.
Matt. I Heir of Linne.

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Blacksmith and Scholar.
Village Comedy. | You Play Me False

The Frozen Deep.

The Two Destinies.

Law and the Lady

Haunted Hotel.

The Fallen Leaves.

Jezebel's Daughter.

The Black Robe.

Heart and Sciencej

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After Dark.
No Name.
Antonina. | Basil.
Hide and Seek.
The Dead Secret.
Queen of Hearts.
My Miscellanies.
Woman in White
The Moonstone.
Man and Wife.
Poor Miss Finch.
Miss or Mrs?
New Magdalen.

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Paul Foster's Daughter.

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Hearts of Gold.

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The Evangelist; or, Port Salvation.

Bv eras:tius bawson.

The Fountain of Youth.

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A Castle In Spain.

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Our Lady of Tears. 1 Circe's Lovers.

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Tracked to Doom.

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Archie Lovell.

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Fatal Zero.

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Queen Cophetua. I A Real Queen.
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Pr<<.bySiiBARTL.E FRERE.
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:28

BOOKS PUBLISHED BY

The Piccadilly (3/6) NovKhs— continued.

By CIIARriES OIBBON.
Robin Gray. I The Golden Shaft.

In Honour Bound. | Of High Degree.
Loving a Dream.
The Flower of the Forest.

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The Lost Heiress.
The Fossicker.

By TIIOJTIAS HABBY.
Under the Greenwood Tree.

By BRET HARTE.
A Waif of the Plains.
A Ward of the Golden Gate.
A Sappho of Green Springs.
Colonel Starbottle's Client.

By JUJLIAIV HAWTHORNE.
Garth. I Dust.

EUice Quentin. Fortune's Fool.

Sebastian Strome. | Beatrix Randolph.
David Poindexten^s Disappearance.
The Spectre of the Camera.

By Sir A. HE1.PS.
Ivan de Biron.

By ISAAC; HENBERSOIV.
Agatha Page.

By Mrs. AliFREB HUIVT.
The Leaden Casket. | Self-Condemned.
That other Person.

By JEAIV INCJEliOW.
Fated to be Free.

By R. ASHE KING.
A Drawn Game.
"The Wearing of the Green."

By HENRV MINGSIiEY.
Number Seventeen.

By E. T.YNN JLINTON.
Patricia Kemball. 1 lone.
UnderwhichLord? Paston Carew.
"My Love!" I Sowing the Wind.

The Atonement of Learn Dundas.
The World Well Lost.

By HEIVRY W. HJCY.
Gideon Fleyce.

By JUSTIN McCarthy.

A Fair Saxon. I Donna Quixote.

Linley Rochford. Maid of Athens.
Miss Misanthrope. | Camiola.
The Waterdale Neighbours.
My Enemy's Daughter.
Dear Lady Disdain.
The Comet of a Season.

By A«NES MACBONEtili.
Quaker Cousins.

By FI.ORENCE ITIABBYAT.
Open! Sesame!

By ». CHRISTIE MURRAY.
Life's Atonement. I Yal Strange.
Joseph's Coat. Hearts.

Coals of Fire. | A Model Father.

Old Blazer's Hero.
By the Gate of the Sea.
A Bit of Human Nature.
First Person Singular.
Cynic Fortune.
The Way of the World.

By MURRAY & HERMAN.
The Bishops' Bible.
Paul Jones's Alias.

By HUME NISBET.
•♦BaU Upl"

The Piccadilly (3/6) liovEvs—conttnuedt

By oeorc;es ohnet.

A Weird Gift.

By Mrs. OlilPHANT.

Whiteladies.

By OUIBA.

Held in Bondage.

Strathmore.

ChandoB.

Under Two Flags.

Idalia.

CecilCastlemaine's

Gage.
Tricotrin. | Puck.
Folle Farine.
A Dog of Flanders.
Pascarel. I Signa.
Princess R

ine.

By MARGARET A. PAUL..
Gentle and Simple.

By JAMES PAYN.
Lost Sir Massingberd.
Less Black than We're Painted*
A Confidential Agent.
A Grape from a Thorn.
In Peril and Privation.
The Mystery of Mirbridge.
The Canon's Ward.
Walter's Word.

iaprax-

Two Little Wooden

Shoes.
In a Winter City.
Ariadne.
Friendship.
Moths. I Rufflno.
Pipistrello.
AYillage Commune
Bimbl. I Wanda.
Frescoes.
In Haremma.
Othmar. | Syrlln,
Gullderoy.

Talk of the Town.
Holiday Tasks.
The Burnt Million.
The Word and the

Will.
Sunny Stories.
PRICE.
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High Spirits.
Under One Roof.
From Exile.
Glow-worm Tales.

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Valentina.
Mrs. Lancaster's E^val.

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Miss Maxwell's Affections.

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It is Never Too Late to Mend.
The Double Marriage.
Love Me Little, Love Me Long.
The Cloister and the Hearth.
The Course of True Love.
The Autobiography of a Thiet
Put Yourself in his Place.
A Terrible Temptation.
Singleheart and Doubleface.
Good Stories of Men and other Animals.
Hard Cash. Wandering Heir.

Peg Wofflngton. A Woman-Hater
ChristieJohnstone. A Simpleton.
Griffith Gaunt. Readiana.

Foul Play. The Jilt.

A Perilous Secret.

By Mrs. J. H. RIBBEU.1^.
The Prince of Wales's Garden Pa.rty.
Weird Stories.

By F. W. ROBINSON.
Women are Strange.
The Hands of Justice.

By ^V. CI^ARK RUSSEL.I«.
An Ocean Tragedy.
Hy Shipmate Louise.

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Guy Waterman. | Two Dreamers.
Bound to the Wheel.
The Uon in the Path.

CHATTO 8c WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY.

29

The Piccadilly (3/6) Novei^s— continued.
By KATHARINE SAUNDERS.

Margaret and Elizabeth.

Gideon's Rock. I Heart Salvage.

Ihe High Mills. | Sebastian.

By f.lKE SHARP.

In a Steamer Chair.

By HA^VL.EY SMART.

Without LoYe or Licence.

By R. A. STERNOALE,

The Afghan Knife.

By BERTHA TH©:TIAS.

Proud Maisie. | Tha Violin-player.

By FRANCES E. TROIiL.OPE.

Like Ships upon the Sea.

Anne Furness. { Mabel's Progress.

The Piccadilly (3/6) Novels — continued.
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Frau Frohmann. I Kept in the Dark.
Marion Fay. | Land-Leaguers.

The Way We Live Nov.%
Mr. Scarborough's Family.

By IVAN TURGENIEFF, Ac.
Stories from Foreign Novelists.
By C. C. FRASER-TYTtiER,

Mistress Judith.

By SARAH TYTIL.ER.

The Bride's Pass. I Lady Bell.
Noblesse Oblige. | Buried Diamonds.
The Blackhall Ghosts.

By ItlARK TWAIN.

The American Claimant.

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Carr of Garrlyon. { Confidences.
By MABF Al^BERT.
Brooke Finchley's Daughter.

Bt ITIrs, At.EXANl>ER.
Maid, Wife, or Widow? | Valerie's Fate.

By OR ANT ALI^EN.
Strange Stories. I The Devil's Die.
Philistia. This Mortal Coil.

Babylon. I In all Shades.

The Beckoning Hand.
For Maimie's Sake. | Tents of Shem.
The Great Taboo.

By AI.AN ST.AtJBYN.
A Fellow of Trinity.
By Rev. S. BARINC; OOUIiD.
Red Spider. | Eve.

By FRANK BARRETT.
Fettered for Life.
Between Life and Death.
The Sin of Olga Zassoulich.
BySHEIiSI^E Y BEAIJCHAIUP.
Grantley Grange.
By AV. BESANT & J. RICE.

By Celia's Arbour.
Monks of Thelema.
The Seamy Side.
Ten Years' Tenant.

This Son ofYulcan
My Little Girl.
Case of Mr.Lucraft
Golden Butterfly.
Ready-Money Mortiboy.
With Harp and Crown.
*Twas in Trafalgar's Bay.
The Chaplain of the Fleet.

By IVALiTER BESANT.
Dorothy Forster. I Uncle Jack,
Children of Gibeon. I Herr Paulus.
All Sorts and Conditions of Men.
The Captains' Room.
All in a Garden Fair.
The World Went Very Well Then.
For Faith and Freedom.
To Call Her Mine.
The Bell of St. Paul's.
The Holy Rose.

By FREDERICK BO\r.E.

Camp Notes. | Savage Life.

Chronicles of No-man's Land.

By BRET HARTE.

Flip. I Californian Storlei*

Maruja. | Gabriel Conroy,

An Heiress of Red Dog.
The Luck of Roaring Camp.
A Phyllis of the Sierras.

By HAROLD BRVDOES.

Oncle Sam at Home.

By ROBERT BUCHANAN.

The Shadow of the 1 The Martyrdom of

Sword. I Madeline.

A Child of Nature. Annan Water.
God and the Man. ] The New Abelard.
Love Me for Ever. 1 Matt.
Foxglove Manor. ' The Heir of Linn«.
The Master of the Mine.

By HAI.L. CAINE.
The Shadow of a Crime.
A Son of Hagar. | The Deemster*

By Cominander CA:tIERON.
The Cruise of the "Black Prince."
By Ulrs. I.OVETT CAUERON.
Deceivers Ever. | Juliet's Guardian.

By AUSTIN CI.ARE.
For the Love of a Lass.

By !TIrs. ARCHER ClilVE.
Paul Ferroll.
Why Paul Ferroll Killed his Wife.

By HIACI.AREN COBBAN.
The Cure of Souls.

By C. AUIiSTON COU.U,INS.
The Bar Sinister.

ITIORT. & FRANCES COLLINS.
Sweet Anne Page. | Transmigration.
From Midnight to Midnight.
A Fight with Fortune.
Sweet and Twenty. I Village Comedy.
Frances. | You Play me False.

Blacksmith and Scholar.

30

BOOKS PUBLISHED BY

Two-Shilling Novels— cofiftH«erf.

Br ^VIIiltlE COI.I.IIVS.

Armadale. i My Miscellanies.

After Dark. V/oman in White.

No Name. The Moonstone.

Antonina. | Basil. Man and Wife.
Hide and Seek. Poor Miss Finch.
The Dead Secret. The Fallen Leaves.
Queen of Hearts. Jezebel's Daughter
Miss or Mrs ? The Black Robe.

New Magdalen. i Heart and Science.
The Frozen Deep. | "I Say No."
Law and the Lady, j The Evil Genius.
The Two Destinies. | Little Novels.
Haunted Hotel. I Legacy of Cain.
A Rogue's Life. I Blind Love.

By M. J. €Or.QUBOUN.
Every Inch a Soldier.

By DUTTOIV COOK.
Leo. I Paul Foster's Daughter.

By C. EOBERT CRADDOC^K.
Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains.

By WILiLiIAITI CYPJLES.
Hearts of Gold.

By AXPHONSE DAIJBET.
The Evangelist ; or, Port Salvation.

By JAITIES BE in[ir.L.E.
A Castle in Spain.

By J. I.EITI1 BER^VENT.
Our Lady of Tears. | Circe's Lovers.

By CHARIjES BICKEIVS.
Sketches by Boz. I Oliver Twist.
Pickwick Papers. | Nicholas Nickleby.

By »I€K. DONOVAN.

The Man-Hunter. | Caught at Last I

Tracked and Taken.

Who Poisoned Hetty Duncan?

The Man from Manchester.

A Detective's Triumphs.

In the Grip of the Law.

By CONAN BOYI.E, &c
Strange Secrets.

By -»«r8. ANNIE EBM^AKl^ES.
A Point of Honour. | Archie Lovell.

By ML. BETHAM-EBWAKOS.
Felicia. I Kitty.

By EB1¥AB» EOOI.ESTON.
Roxy.

By PERCY FITZOERAI.B.
Bella Donna. I Polly.

Never Forgotten. | Fatal Zero.
The Second Mrs. Tillotson.
Seventy-five Brooke Street.
The Lady of Brantome.
A1.BANY BE FONBI.ANQUE.
Filthy Lucre.

By B. E. FBANCIL.I.ON.
Olympia. I Queen Cophetua.

One by One. King or Knave?

A Real Queen. j Romances of Law.

By HAROIiB FREDERICK.

Seth's Brother's Wife.

The Lawton Girl.

Pref.by Sir BABTI^B FRERE.

Pandurang Hari.

Two-Shilling Novels— continued.

By HAIN FBISWEIii,.
One of Two.

By EBIVABB OARRETT.
The Capel Girls.

By CI1ARI.es GIBBON.

In Honour Bound*
Flower of Forest.
Braes of Yarrow.
The Golden Shaft.
Of High Degree.
Mead and Stream.
Loving a Dream.
A Hard Knot.
Heart's Delight.
Blood-Money.

Robin Gray
Fancy Free.
For Lack of Gold.
What will the

World Say?
In Love and War.
For the King.
In Pastures Green.
Queen of Meadow.
A Heart's Problem.
The Dead Heart.

By ^VIlililAM Oir.BERT.
Dr. Austin's Guests. I James Duke.
The Wizard of the Mountain.

By ERNEST 01.ANVIi,I.E.
The Lost Heiress.

By HENRY OREVIIiliE.
A Noble Woman. | Nikanor.

By JOHN HABBERTON.
Brueton's Bayou. | Country Luck.

By ANBRE^V HAI^I^IBAY.
Every-Day Papers.

By liady BUFF US HARBY.
Paul Wynter's Sacrifice.

By THOI?IAS HARBY.
Under the Greenwood Tree.
By J. BER^VICK HAR\VOO£I>.
The Tenth Earl.

By JlJr,IAN HAT^^THORNE.
Garth. Sebastian Strorae.

Ellice Quentin. Dust.

Fortune's Fool. Beatrix Randolph.

Miss Cadogna. Love — or a Name.

David Poindexter's Disappearance.
The Spectre of the Camera.

By Sir ARTHUR HEI.PS,
Ivan de Biron.

By HENRY" HERITIAN.
A Leading Lady.

By ITIrs. CASHEI. HOEY.
The Lover's Creed.
By inrs. OEOROE HOOPER.
The House of Raby.

By TIOHE HOPKINS.
'Twixt Love and Duty.

By Mrs. AI.FREB HUNT.
Thornicroft's ModeL I Self-Condemned,
That Other Person. | Leaden Casket.

By JEAN INGEIuO^V.
Fated to be Free.

By HARRIETT JAY.
The Dark Colleen.
The Queen of Connaught.

By in ARK KERSHA1V.
Colonial Facts and Fictions.

By R. ASHE KING.
A Drawn Game. I Passion's Slave.
" The Wearing of the Green."
Bell Barry.

CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY.

31

Two-Skilling NovE-LS—continued.
By HENRY KIIVGSI.EY.

Oakshott Castle.

By JOlirV I.EYS.
The Lindsays.

By E. liYNIV II.INTOIV.
Patricia Kemball. I Paston Carev/.
World Well Lost. "My Love!"
UnderwhichLord? I lone.
Tlie Atonement of Leam Dundas.
With a Silken Thread.
The Rebel of the Family.
Sowing the Wind.

By IIENISY W. 1,UCY.
Gideon Fleyce.

By JX'STSN r?IcCAKTI6Y.
A Fair Saxon. I Donna Quixote.
Linley Rochford. Maid of Athens.
Miss Misanthrope. ! Gamiola.
Dear Lady Disdain.
The Waterdale Neighbours.
My Enemy's Daughter.
The Comet of a Season.

By A«IVES MACi>OIVElLSi.
Quaker Cousins.

liATIlABJINE S. MACC^UOSS).
The Evil Eye. | Lost Rose.

By XV. M. ITlAIiLOCK.

The New Republic.

By FI^OREIVt'E jTlABKYAT.
Open! Sesame! I Fighting the Air.
A Harvest of Wild Oats.
Written in Fire.

By .¥. MASTERMAIV.
Haifa-dozen Daughters.

By BRAIVREB ITIATTIIEWS.

A Secret of the Sea.

By JEAIV MB»H>I.E.7IASS.
Touch and Go. | Mr. Dorillion.

By Mrs. iTIOI.ESWOKTM.
Hathercourt Rectory.

By .T. E. MITOBOCK.

Stories Weird and Wonderful.
The Dead Man's Secret.

By I>. CHRISTIE MURRAY.
A Model Father. Old Blazer's Hero.
Joseph's Coat. Hearts.

Coals of Fire. Way of the World.

Yal Strange. Cynic Fortune.

A Life's Atonement.
By the Gate of the Sea.
A Bit of Human Nature.
First Person Singular.

By -TBaJBRAY and 5IERMAX
One Traveller Returns.
Paul Jones's Alias.
The Bishops' Bible.

By HENRY MURRAY.
A Game of Bluff.

By AJLICE O'HANJLOIV.

Tho Unforeseen. | Chance? or Fate?

Two-Shilling 'Novbi.s— continued.
By OEOROES OHNET.

Doctor Raraeau. I A Last Love.
A Weird Gift. |

By Mis. OlilPHANT.

Whiteladies. | The Primrose Path,

The Greatest Heiress in England.

By Mrs. ROBERT O REIU,L.Y.

Phoebe's Fortunes.

By OUIBA.

Held in Bondage.

Strathmore.

Chandos.

Under Two Flags.

Idalia.

CecilCastlemaine's

Gage.
Tricotrin.
Puck.

Folle Farine.
A Dog of Flanders.
Pascarel.
Signa.
Princess Naprax-

ine.
In a Winter City.
Ariadne.

Two Little Wooden
Shoes.

Friendship.

Moths.

Pipistrello.

A Village Com-
mune.

Bimbi.

Wanda.

Frescoes.

In Maremma*

Othmar.

Guilderoy.

Ruffino.

Syrlin.

Ouida's Wisdom,
Wit, and Pathos.

Marine Residence,
Mirk Abbey.
By Proxy.
Under One Roof.
High Spirits.
Carlyon's Year.
From Exile.
For Cash Only.
Kit.

The Canon's Ward
Talk of the Town.
Holiday Tasks.

MARGARET AGNES PAUIi.

Gentle and Simple.

By JAMES PAYN.

Bentinck's Tutor. 1 £200 Reward

Murphy's Master.

A County Family.

At Her Mercy.

Cecil's Tryst.

ClyffardsofClyffe.

Foster Brothers.

Found Dead.

Best of Husbands.

Walter's Word.

Halves.

Fallen Fortunes.

Humorous Stories.

Lost Sir Massingberd,

A Perfect Treasure.

A Woman's Vengeance.

The Family Scapegrace,

What He Cost Her.

Gwendoline's Harvest.

Like Father, Like Son.

Married Beneath Him.

Not Wooed, but Won.

Less Black than We're Painted*

A Confidential Agent.

Some Private Views.

A Grape from a Thorn.

Glow-worm Tales.

The Mysterv of Mirbridge.

The Burnt Million.

Tho Word and the Will.

Hy 1". I.. PSRItlS.
Lady Lovelace.

By E25GAS2 A. POK.
The Mystery of Marie Roget.

By E. €'. PKx^e K.
Valentina. j The Forei^'nors

Mrs. Lancaster's Rival,
Gerald.

32

CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY.

Two-Shilling Novels— continued.
By CIIAKI.es KEADE.

It is Never Too Late to Mend.

Christie Joiinstone.

Put Yourself in His Place.

The Double Marriage.

Love Me Little, Love Me Long,

The Cloister and the Hearth.

The Course ot True Love.

Autobiography of a Thief.

A Terrible Temptation.

The Wandering Heir.

Singleheart and Doubleface.

Good Stories of Men and other Animals.

Hard Cash. I A Simpleton.

Peg Woffington. I Readiana.

Griffith Gaunt. I A Woman-Hater.

Foul Play. | The Jilt.

A Perilous Secret.

By Mrs. J. H. RIBUEI.1^.
Weird Stories. | Fairy Water.
Her Mother's Darling.
Prince of Wales's Garden Party.
The Uninhabited House.
The Mystery in Palace Gardens.
By F. W. KOBIIVSOJV.
Women are Strange.
The Hands of Justice.

By JAMES RUIVCIITIArV.
Skippers and Shellbacks.
Grace Balmaign's Sweetheart.
Schools and Scholars.

By W. CliARK BUSSKIili.
Round the Galley Fire.
On the Fo'k'sle Head.
In the Middle Watch.
A Voyage to the Cape.
A Book for the Hammock.
The Mystery of the " Ocean Star.'»
The Romance of Jenny Harlowe.
An Ocean Tragedy.
My Shipmate Louise.
OEOROE AUGUSTUS SA1.A.
Gaslight and Daylight.

By JOHN SAUI\»E BS.
Guy Waterman. 1 Two Dreamers.
The Lion in the Path.
Bv KATHARINE SAUIVWERS.
Joan Merry weather. I Heart Salvage.
The High Mills. | Sebastian.
Margaret and Elizabeth.

By GEORGE K. SOIS.
Rogues and Vagabonds.
The Ring o' Bells.
Mary Jane's Memoirs.
Mary Jane Married.
Tales of To-day. | Dramas of Life.
Tinkletop's Crime.
Zeph: A Circus Story.

By ARTHUR ^iKETCHt^lE Y.
A Match in the Dark.

By HAWICK V SITIART.
Y/ithout Love or Licence.

By T. ^V. SPEI«3£ST.
The lyiysteries of Keron Dyke.
The Golden Hoop. 1 By Dsvious V/ays,
hoodwinked, &c. j Back to Life.

Two-Shilling Hovels— continued.
By R. A. STERIVI>AU.E.

The Afghan Knife.

By R. I.OUIS STEVENSON.
New Arabian Nights. | Prince Otto.
BY BERTHA THOITIA«i.
Cressida. | Proud Maisie.

The Violin-player.
By WA1.TEB THORNBUBV.
Tales for the Marines.
Old Stories Re-told.

T. ADOU.PHUS TROL,L.OPE.

Diamond Cut Diamond.

By F. EI.EANOR TROt-I.OPE.

Like Ships upon the Sea.
Anne Furness. | Mabel's Progress.
By ANTHONY TROI.I.OPE.

Frau Frohmann. I Kept in the Dai'k,

Marion Fay. | John Caldigate.

The Way We Live Now.

The American Senator.

Mr. Scarborough's Family.

The Land-Leaguers.

The Golden Lion of Granpere.

By J. T. TROWBRIDGE.
Farnell's Folly.

By IVAN TUBGENIEFF, &c
Stories from Foreign Novelists.
By fllARIi T%i AIN.
Tom Sawyer. | A Tramp Abroad.

The Stolen White Elephant.
A Pleasure Trip on the Continent.
Huckleberry Finn.
Life on the Mississippi.
The Prince and the Pauper.

By C. C. FRASER-TYTL.EB,
Mistress Judith.

By SARAH TYTLER.
The Bride's Pass. I Noblesse Oblige.
Buried Diamonds. | Disappeared.
Saint Mungo'sCity. I Huguenot Family,
Lady Bell. | Blackball Ghosts.

What She Came Through.
Beauty and the Beast.
Citoyenne Jaqueline.
By ITIis. F. H. AVIt.L.IAMSON,
A Child Widow.

By J. S. ^VINTER.
Cavalry Life. i Regimental Legends.

By H. F. WOOD.
The Passenger from Scotland Yard.
The Englishman of the Rue Cain.

By Lady \VOO».
Sabina.

4'Kl.BA PARSiEK ^V«OB".I.EY.
Rachel Armstrong; or, Love & Theology

By EI>:?5UNO YATE"'.
The Forlorn Hope. | Land at I^^st,
Castaway.

OGDBN, SMAtE AND CO, LIKITED, PRINTERS, GREAT SAFFRON BILLi B.C.