ISSN 0960-4170

HISTORY

■

BRITISH MVrv.’i

(NATURAL !•:;- )

30 OCT 1990

PURCHASED

GENERAL LIBRARY

OF THE

BERWICKSHIRE

NATURALISTS' CLUB

INSTITUTED SEPTEMBER 22, 1831

"MARE ET TELLUS, ET, QUOD TEGIT OMNIA, CCELUM"

VOL. 44.
PART 3, 1989

OFFICE BEARERS
1988-89

President.

Mrs Margaret TOTTY, Oaklea, Gavinton, Duns TD11 3QT. (Tel. (0361) 83467).

Joint Field Secretaries.

D. MACKENZIE ROBERTSON, Esq., 4 Hermitage Lane, Kelso.
Mrs D. MACKENZIE ROBERTSON, M.C.S.P., RS.A.Scot.

(Tel. Kelso (0573) 324252).

Corresponding Secretary.

D. C. SOUTER, Esq., V.R.D., F.I.C.S., Detchant Park, Belford NE70 7PQ.
(Tel. (06683) 353).

Treasurer.

M. C. TROUSDELL, Esq., Hillburn House, Ayton TD14 5SG.
(Tel. (08907) 81325).

Editing Secretary.

Professor W. H. R. LUMSDEN, D.Sc. M.D., F.R.S.E., 16a Merchiston Crescent,
Edinburgh EH10 5 AX. (Tel. (031) 229 2702).

Librarian.

Miss M. H. SIMPSON, J.P., A.L.A., 124 Shielfield Terrace, Berwick upon
Tweed. (Tel. (0289) 307805). (To October, 1989).

Miss Jean TRIMMER, M.A., North Cedars, Foulden TD15 1UH.

(Tel (0289) 86571). (From October, 1989).

HISTORY OF THE

BERWICKSHIRE NATURALISTS' CLUB

BRITISH M

CONTENTS OF VOL. 44

(NATURAL HIST:;;/)

Part 3, 1989

300CT1990

Anniversary Address - Artists in View

PURCHASED
GENERAL UBRARY

2. Simprim in the Merse - Part II 142

3. Holydean Farm, Bowden, and Whitlaw Mosses National Nature

Reserve 147

4. The green seaweed Codium fragile on the coast of Berwickshire 154

5. The Ford Castle Light Trap 157

6. Canon W. S. Gilly 162

7. A Gateway Arch 166

8. Obituary - T. D. Thomson 169

9. Field Notes and Records 171

10. Field Secretaries' Report 178

11. Treasurer's Financial Statement 181

12. Report of the Librarian 182

13. List of Members 184

Editorial Notes 193

Advice to Contributors inside back cover

ILLUSTRATIONS

Plates

1. Thomas Bewick by James Ramsay 123

2. Joseph Crawhall by E. A. Walton 127

3. Louisa Stuart, Lady Waterford, and her sister Charlotte, by

Robert Thorburn 130

4. Thomas Scott by William Johnstone 134

5. Rory McEwen 137

6. Tail piece by Bewick - 'Saving the toll 139

7. Tail peice by Bewick - 'A dog frightened 140

8. A Gateway Arch 167

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BERWICKSHIRE
NATURALISTS' CLUB

%

ARTISTS IN VIEW

being the Anniversary Address delivered by Mrs
Margaret Totty, President of the Club, on 27th October,

1989.

INTRODUCTION

LADIES and Gentlemen, may I first tell you what a very
great honour it is to have been your President this past
year. Indeed, it is not only an honour, but also a very great
pleasure to me to have held this distinguished Office. Thank
you all for your wonderful support.

One of the many privileges associated with the Presi-
dency is that a complete set of the Club's History has been
at my disposal and these volumes have been a constant
source of information and delight. For instance, in his An-
niversary Address in 1931, Sir George Douglas stated -
and I quote - "by tacit admission ... each successive Presi-
dent had a perfectly free hand to deal with any subject
whatsoever ... which might happen to suit him best - him
or her, I should say, for I think I foresee, at no very distant
date, the time when a lady will consent to grace this chair."1
Sir George, who was a man of letters, then proceeded to
deliver his Address in verse.

This I shall not do but, in the same spirit of variation, I
have entitled my Address 'Artists in View' and I should
like to examine the lives of five men and women whom I
have selected because, not only were they bom or chose to
live in this area but, through their great talent have left
permanent visual records or some of the flora and fauna.

119

120

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

and of Homo sapiens too, of this part of Britain so beloved
by members of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club.

THOMAS BEWICK

My 'view' stretches from the river Forth to the river Tyne
and whom better could I begin with than a man who was
a legend in his own life time, whose fame had reached
America even before the close of the 18C. I speak of Tho-
mas Bewick, Artist, Engraver and Naturalist (Fig 1). He
was bom in 1753 at Cherrybum Farm, a rural property
some 12 miles west of Newcastle on the south bank of the
Tyne not far from Hadrian's Wall and, thanks to a Trust
which has been recently set up, one can today visit that
very spot and stand looking northwards at a scene which
has hardly changed in 250 years.

As the eldest of eight children he was expected to help
when he would rather have been wandering the fields or
tickling trout. Bewick has given us a wonderfully evoca-
tive account of his life in nis autobiographical 'Memoir'
which his children persuaded him to write when he was
nearly 70. 'I was almost constantly engaged', he writes, 'in
some mischievous prank or other - occasioned by the
overflowing of an active, wild disposition'.2 He was 10
years old when he began to go daily over to Ovingham
Vicarage to attend classes given by the Parson, Christo-
pher Gregson, who taught him not only Latin and Arith-
metic, but a moral philosophy on life which Bewick was
always to follow. Very observant and imaginative, draw-
ing was as natural to young Thomas as breathing and if he
had not pen and paper, he would use chalk and flagstones.
At 14 Bewick was apprenticed to Ralph Beilby, Engraver,
of Newcastle and for the next seven years he learned every
aspect of an engraver's art. And that was how it all be-
gan....

A year after Bewick had completed his apprenticeship,
the American War of Independence began. In the decade
previous to his birth, the 1745 Rebellion had disrupted the
north country and Scotland, and rumblings and discontent
had continued. I ask you to imagine these times, before the
French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in Brit-
ain, which was still a predominantly pastoral country; it is
this last image which influenced all of Bewick's work. Yet
faint stirrings of new industry did not pass Newcastle by.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

121

It was still a relatively small town, retaining much of its
mediaeval character, but it was certainly beginning to
expand, its prosperity mainly based on the coal trade. All
this called for private letter and bill headings and the
designing of bank notes - in other words, the business of
engraving was expanding too but, despite increasing
opportunities in this field, Bewick turned his back on
Newcastle on completion of his apprenticeship and went
home to Cherrybum. He later enjoyed a long walking tour
of Scotland. However, just as do the youth of today, young

geo pie in the 18C saw London as their Mecca and Thomas
ewick was no exception. After only a few months his
soul felt starved of the scenes of home and he returned to
Northumberland in 1777, where he was to settle for the
rest of his life, joining once more Ralph Beilby in New-
castle - this time as partner.

Two turning points in Bewick's development as artist
and engraver had occurred during his apprenticeship. The
first was when he illustrated Charles Hutton's Treatise on
Mensuration' and, on Hutton's suggestion and instruction
used very hard boxwood blocks which Hutton had spe-
cially shipped from London. Bewick mastered the tech-
nique of cutting across the grain (unlike previous engrav-
ers who cut with the grain) and, using the metal engraver's
extra fine and sharp tools, obtained a clearer image. It was
at this that Bewick excelled. He became one of its greatest
exponents and, as a result, he won First Prize for wood-
cuts from the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts in
London, which brought him wider fame. Publishers knew
that to have a book illustrated by him immediately in-
creased sales.

Bewick himself was a man of strong opinions which he
loved to share with a few close friends. He read vora-
ciously, fortunately having access to books sent to a local
binder. His Christian beliefs were the foundation of his
way of living, although he was not without his pride and
intolerance of both fools and personal slights. His humour
was earthy and probably reflected the times in which he
lived. He abhorred debt. As was said of Sir Thomas More,
I am tempted to describe him as 'A Man for all Seasons'3
and, could one say, for all time?

Bewick was displeased with illustrations in contempo-
rary books which were often inky and not clearly defined.

122

PRESIDENTIAL ADDKEco

In 1785 he began cutting the blocks for A General History of
Quadrupeds and in 1790, a year after the publication of
Gilbert White's classic The Natural History and Antiquities of
Selbome, Quadrupeds was published. Five years hard work,
but great pleasure in those years too, because, in 1786,
during its preparation, he had married Isabella Elliot of
Ovingham and three of his four children had been bom.

Quadrupeds was an immediate success and the next year
Bewick began his drawings for A History of British Birds.
The first part, Land Birds, was published in 1797, but the
partnership with Beilby was dissolved as a result, owing
to a disagreement concerning acknowledgement of author-
ship. In 1804 the second part. Wafer Birds, was completed.
The reception by the public was even more enthusiastic
and the books ran into several editions, later ones being
updated to include fauna discovered in Australia. They
soon became standard works in any library within the
home. So much so, that those of you who love Charlotte
Bronte's Jane Eyre will recall that, when a young girl, this
heroine had a copy of Bewick's History of British Birds
thrown at her across the room!

Bewick particularly wanted children to enjoy his books
and, believing instruction was best laced with humour, he
filled the blank portion of the page at each chapter's end
with what he called his Tale-pieces' - Tale (Tail) because,
although they were at the end, each exquisitely cut picture
had a story to tell, despite being only 1, or perhaps 2,
inches in diameter (Figs. 6, 7).

Bewick was now at the height of his fame which had
reached international proportions. But you must be won-
dering where he obtained examples of the birds and ani-
mals he drew? Many species he had known from child-
hood, of course, but menagerie proprietors toured with
'Wild Beast Shows' and Bewick would certainly be able to
sketch lions, tigers and elephants first hand, as it was he
who produced the local posters for the showmen. Mar-
maduke Tunstall had owned a famous museum at Wycliffe,
North Yorkshire and Bewick not only spent two months
there after Tunstall's sudden death in 1790, preparing
sketches from the stuffed exhibits, but it was for this gen-
tleman that Bewick had previously engraved the celebrated
'Chillingham Bull'; the engraving, measuring 7'A" x 93A", is
one of his larger works - not very different, I dare say.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

123

Figure 1. Thomas Bewick (1753-1828). By James Ramsay in 1823. By
permission of the National Portrait Gallery, London (NPGL 319).

124

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

from the animal which members of the Berwickshire Natu-
ralists' Club saw on their visit to Chillingham two years
ago.

The highlight of Bewick's later years, as well as the pub-
lishing of The Fables of Aesop in 1818, was a visit in 1827
from J. J. Audubon, nis celebrated American contempo-
rary, who has left an interesting account of the meeting.
Audubon certainly saw an unfinished full-length miniature
portrait of Bewick by Thomas Sword Good which was later
completed in the artist's studio and that we were fortunate
enough to see here in Berwick upon Tweed, T. S. Good's
home town, when a retrospective exhibition of this artist's
work was shown at Berwick Museum earlier this year.

Thomas Bewick died on the 8th November 1828 and is
buried beside his wife in Ovingham Churchyard. After his
death, his family became excessively protective of his pos-
sessions and his reputation and it was not until after the
death of his last surviving daughter, Isabella, that her ex-
ecutors, J. W. Barnes and Joseph Crawhall, with the help
of an old family friend John Hancock, were able to exhibit
a collection of Bewick memorabilia in a part of the 'New
Museum' as it was then called, in Newcastle, although I
understand there is a letter in existence querying their right
to do this.

The Berwickshire Naturalists visited this Museum in
September 1884, being received and formally welcomed
by the leading Scientific and Learned Societies of the day
in Newcastle. Known to us today as The Hancock Mu-
seum, one hundred years later in 1984, the Naturalists were
again its guests. It is now a Department of the University.
Amongst the exhibits, they were able to visit the 'Bewick
Shrine” as that comer of tne Museum is called.

At Cherrybum Farm, Thomas Bewick's birthplace, a
splendid museum and a replica workshop have been re-
constructed and, in the yard at the back of the house,
varieties of fowl and animals that he would have known,
wander freely. I think he would approve.

JOSEPH CRAWHALL

One of the Executors of Isabella Bewick's estate had been
Joseph Crawhall - a member of a wealthy Northumbrian
family trading in rope. They were so proud of their achieve-
ments and had such a sense of humour that they even had

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

125

their factory chimney in Newcastle built to represent a
piece of this precious commodity! Joseph Crawhall and his
father after whom he had been named, worked hard in the
family business, but they both had wonderfully relaxing
hobbies; they were not only keen sportsmen, they were
talented artists and they could also put pen to paper. When
a son bom at Morpeth in 1861 - also to be christened Jo-
seph - showed an early artistic bent, his father encouraged
him - and it is this third Joseph Crawhall who became the
well-known artist and whose life we are to view.

The family owned a fine collection of paintings, includ-
ing some by Bewick, and young Joseph would copy these
under the direction of his father, who impressed upon him
the importance of not correcting or erasing errors. Later
Crawhall was to develop a quite amazing ability to draw
accurately from memory. The Crawhalls were enthusiastic
huntsmen and it was in his youth at Morpeth that Joseph
learned to ride so fearlessly. One of his older cousins was
Abel Chapman the great African hunter - later to become
an ardent conservationist and author of Bird Life of the Bor-
ders.

So, one can sense the lively and interesting background
of this impressionable young man. Although from a col-
ourful, extrovert and exuberant family, our Crawhall was
the opposite - silent, introverted and moody, but not with-
out a sense of humour as can be seen from his paintings.
His love and understanding of birds and animals (particu-
larly horses) is never in question. In his paintings they are
the centrepieces and any human appearing is often just as
suggestion in the background, or a backview. Crawhall
did study painting for a few months in Paris, but it was
only when ne joined his married sister in Glasgow that life
changed dramatically for him, her brother-in-law being the
artist E. A. Walton.

At that time there was a group of young painters in
Glasgow who had broken away from tne style associated
with members of that Edinburgh establishment. The Royal
Scottish Academy. Instead of sentimental subjects, they
wanted to paint in the open air and were particularly in-
fluenced by the work of the French Barbizon School, a
mid-19C group whose members were the pre-cursors of
Impressionism and whose work had been brought over to
Glasgow by an entrepreneurial and far-sighted Gallery

126

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

owner of the time, Alexander Reid, for such collectors as
William Burrell.

Joseph Crawhall became one of this group of 23 artists,
known as 'The Glasgow Boys', amongst whom were not
only the above-mentioned E. A. Walton, but George Henry,
D. Y. Cameron. Arthur Melville, E. A. Homell, John Lav-
ery and James Guthrie, so many of whom, ironically, were
later to become respected members of the very establish-
ment they so despised and, in Guthrie's case, an outstand-
ing President or The Royal Scottish Academy. Several
summers they came through to Cockbumspath enjoying
for their painting the different light in the east of Scotland.

Not a very robust man, in 1884 Crawhall wintered in
Tangier for the first time. His friend Lavery had a villa in
Morocco and Arthur Melville had already been there on
painting expeditions. Here Crawhall was again able to in-
dulge his love of hunting; several fine paintings of horses
date from this and later visits. Unlike Bewick's painstak-
ing pictures, Crawhall could convey a complete subject in
very few lines. Behind this lay a photographic memory
and a reputation of studying a subject until an accurate
image had been stored for some future occasion.

After a closed period of some 200 years, the work of
Japanese artists filtered through to the West after the mid
19C (often as the lining of tea chests), and influenced not
only the French Impressionists but other artists such as
Whistler who, in turn, certainly influenced Crawhall. It is
believed that Crawhall made notes and what appear to be
quick, spontaneous, paintings have, in fact, been carefully
planned. Sometimes he would paint in oils, but his favour-
ite medium was watercolour or gouache, painted on linen
or even silk, which made these paintings particularly in-
teresting.

Crawhall had many friends and certainly enjoyed meet-
ing and drinking with them, but he would, on a sudden
impulse, shut himself away to paint, wanting neither food
nor sleep and, from contemporary accounts, woe betide
anyone who disturbed him! From these sessions would
come paintings so fresh and delightfully simple, whether
they were of an exotic bird or a mere farmyard cockerel, or
a horse or a tiger, or, perhaps, he might produce an exqui-
site small watercolour of a bee or some other insect, the
subject often unusually and arrestingly placed on the paper.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

127

Figure 2. Joseph Crawhall (1861-1913). By E. A. Walton. By permission
of the National Galleries of Scotland (NGS 971).

128

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

He was a perfectionist and often destroyed work which
dissatisfied him. There is a most fascinating, small full-
length portrait of Crawhall himself in the Scottish National
Portrait Gallery by a man who would know him well - E.
A. Walton (Fig. 2). Despite his many friends, Crawhall was
a very private person. He did not marry and during his
lifetime held only two one-man shows, although he cer-
tainly sent paintings to Exhibitions. He enjoyed travelling,
but finally settled near where he was bom in the north-
east of England. He died in 1913 in London at the age of
51.

Thanks to Sir William Burrell who, of course, lived at
Hutton Castle in Berwickshire, we are able to see a fine
collection of Crawhall's paintings in the Burrell Collection
in Glasgow and a few in the smaller Collection here in the
Berwick Museum. During Glasgow's Cultural Year, in the
Summer of 1990, a retrospective exhibition of Crawhall's
work is to be shown there at the Burrell Collection.

LADY WATERFORD

It would seem that Royalty enjoys not only acquiring paint-
ings, but participating in painting too; Queen Victoria's
watercolours of landscapes and her charming portraits of
her children are well known. She was pleased if her La-
dies-in-Waiting were artists too and in Charlotte, Lady
Canning, she found the perfect companion. But it is Louisa
Ann, Lady Canning's younger sister whom I wish to bring
into view (Fig 3).

Bom in Paris in 1819 where her father. Lord Stuart de
Rothesay was our Ambassador, she lived there for ten years,
returning to London with her mother and sister when her
father was sent to Moscow. The sisters divided their time
between London and the extravagant family house that
her father had built at Highcliffe in Hampshire. Both girls
showed great talent in painting and drawing from an early
age, but had no formal training. Louisa also had a fine
contralto voice - another accepted accomplishment for a
young lady of her generation. She read widely, particu-
larly Sir Walter Scott, who fired her imagination with tales
of valour and chivalry, so it is hardly surprising that she
should attend the Eglinton Tournament in 1839 - a lavish
three-day re-enactment of days of old when Knights were
bold.... It was here that she met her future husband, the

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

129

Marquess of Waterford, who had estates not only in south-
ern Ireland, but in Northumberland, too, at Ford. When he
was tragically killed as the result of a hunting accident in
1859, she came to live at Ford Castle for the rest of her life.

Between 1760 and 1800, Lord Delaval had transformed
the castle into a Gothic-type mansion but the village itself
had hardly changed since mediaeval times. A woman of
great vision. Lady Waterford quickly set about not only
returning the castle architecturally to what she considered
to be in keeping with its ancient history, but she planned
a model village in a healthier position and away from the
immediate environs of the Castle. This was not entirely
philanthropic - the ramshackle houses along a single
unkempt street ran downhill immediately under the castle
windows and, whilst she loved her tenants, she certainly
did not wish to see, hear or, worst of all, smell them. She
also took the opportunity of removing the Parson and his
dwelling. The gift of the living had been Lady Delaval's
and whilst he could not be removed from Ms spiritual
office, physically he could be moved and Lady Waterford
turned what had been the Delaval Arms into the parson-
age.

All this did not interfere with her favourite hobby - draw-
ing and painting, but before all things, she put her religion
which had always been her strength, considering her art to
be, as she wrote, "a gift, a great blessing to be thankful for
and to be used and fructified in God's service".4 It was
perhaps with this in mind that, on completion of the school
in the new village, she embarked on her most ambitious
project. To help the children to understand that Bible sto-
ries were about young people just like themselves, she
planned a religious series of large watercolour paintings
which would be mounted high on the school walls like
frescoes and would incorporate the architectural details of
the building. Using both children and adults from the
village as models, the whole undertaking, begun in 1862,
took 21 years to complete. In 1873 she had joined the
Temperance Movement and not only did she close all the
ale houses round about, she made a great point in one of
her paintings of Daniel refusing the wine!

Many of her old friends in London were artists. She was
particularly drawn to the pre-Raphaelite movement and
whilst she did not like Ruskin as a man, she respected his

130

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

Figure 3. Louisa Stuart, Marchioness of Waterford (1819-1891), and her
sister Charlotte, by Robert Thorburn. By permission of the National
Galleries of Scotland (PG 1530).

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

131

criticism and when he had come to see this large-scale
work and told her "she could do better"5 she attempted to
do so.

All this did not interfere with her daily visits to sick and
housebound villagers. She would read favourite passages
from the Bible and sing hymns. A woman of great kind-
ness and always approachable, they were able to talk to
her of their problems. Was she not a most elegant forerun-
ner of today's Social Worker? She was never without her
sketchbook, however, and there are paintings by her of the
miners and their families at Ford Moss and the Victoria &
Albert Museum has a beautiful painting which she did of
men working at Ford Forge on the road to Etal. Farm
implements were made and repaired there; with, some-
times, as many as 8 forges working, it must have been a
very dramatic sight.

Once the alterations to the castle were completed and
the old village demolished. Lady Waterford landscaped
the grounds, built an unusually sturdy stone bridge across
a ravine and created a new drive to the main entrance.
There was a clear view to Flodden and she had an avenue
of trees planted to direct the eye. King James IV had slept
at Ford Castle before the battle and not only did Lady Wa-
terford n$me the castle entrance hall 'Marmion' after Scott7 s
hero but, enthusiastically sited a Sybil's Well in a place
that a President of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club was
later to describe as 'quite mis-p laced ... with little regard
for topographical ana historical accuracy'!6

John Dobson was the official architect of the Ford Church
alterations in 1853, but it is so similar to Highcliffe Church
in Hampshire, that it is now believed Lady Waterford took
what might be called 'a personal interest , and that it was
she who had the daffodils planted around the church that
are such a picture each spring.

But whatever she was doing - a visit to London and
then on to Highcliffe to see her mother - or at last being
able to install her own man, the Rev. Hastings M. Neville
as Parson at Ford - or entertaining Royalty on its visits to
see her now famous Paintings in Ford School, she contin-
ued to carry her sketch book. She painted countless pic-
tures, and submitted works to Exhibitions. After her death
600 of her paintings were shown in London and, as well as
at the V. & A., she is represented in the British Museum,

132

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

the Tate Gallery and the National Gallery of Scotland.

The good lady'7 as she was known locally, died in May
1891 at Ford, where she is buried in the churchyard, the
magnificent stone cross on her grave having been designed
by her friend G. F. Watts. In 1907 the castles and estates of
Ford and Etal were bought by Lord Joicey and so to this
day, we can still go to Ford School and see Lady Water-
ford's work.

TOM SCOTT

I should now like our view to look westward to Selkirk
where in 1854, a boy was bom to the Master Tailor and his
wife. He too was baptised Thomas but, unlike Bewick, he
was always just called Tom - Tom Scott. He was another
precocious artist. His father's dreams of him entering the
family business were finally dashed when young Scott
attended full-time life classes at the Royal Institution in
Edinburgh. Pure watercolour became his lifelong medium.
When his classes finished in 1878 he set off on an expedi-
tion painting landscapes around Scotland. He finally re-
turned to Selkirk - the countryside he loved and his con-
stant source of inspiration, as were to be also the romantic
stories encapsulated in the Border Ballads.

His first patron was James Brown, the writer known as
7B Selkirk', and the two men became lifelong friends. Scott's
output was prolific and, with a slow but steady rise to
fame, his work attracted the attention of Lord Carmichael
- a most discerning patron - who arranged in 1885 for
Scott to make the first of several sketching trips to the
Continent, studying Rembrandt and the Dutch School and,
later, paintings in France and Italy. The most important
influence on his work came from the French Barbizon
School - the very group that had had such a dramatic
effect upon Crawhall and The Glasgow Boys. But, despite
all the excitement of discovery, he longed for home.

He had been submitting work to the Summer Exhibi-
tions of the Royal Scottish Academy for some years and, to
his delight, was elected an Associate Member in 1888 when
he was 34 years of age and, in 1902 was made an Acade-
mician. Amongst Scott's fellow Members were many of
the Glasgow Boys, as well as William McTaggart and that
extrovert and colourful character, the sculptor James Pit-
tendrigh MacGillivray but not, of course, Crawhall! How

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

133

Scott must have looked forward to events at the R.S.A. in
what, might well have been, a somewhat uneventful life -
The Assemblies in the early months of the year when the
Academy's affairs were discussed; Varnishing Day Lunch-
eon in the Spring and, in the early winter, the grand occa-
sion of the Members' Dinner - all held in Playfair's mag-
nificent building at the foot of the Mound in Edinburgh.
As had always been the custom, upon becoming an Aca-
demician Scott, had to present a diploma painting to the
Academy which exhibits a selection of these Works in
January and February each year. Tom Scott's large water-
colour painting in its elaborate gold frame, entitled 'Chill
November's Surly Blast' is wonderfully evocative of the
Borders - a ploughed field lined by beech trees whose
leaves are being wildly blown. There is a small cottage in
the background with distant hills and a dark cloud is bring-
ing rain, but for all its wintry melancholy, it has a radiance
and poetic quality. It was this sense of magic in his paint-
ing tnat set him apart. As with Lady Waterford, he was
deeply moved by the romance of Sir Walter Scott's works
the tragedy of nearby Flodden and the Border Tales. We
can see splendid examples of this aspect of his work in Sir
Walter Scott's Court Room in Selkirk.

Tom Scott was a familiar sight tramping the hills and
valleys around Selkirk and, once he had chosen the view
for his next painting, the small caravan that he used to
protect himself from the elements would be towed into
position. A friend and fellow artist was T. G. Clapperton
the sculptor. The latter had been bom and brought up
nearby, but now had his studio in London. When he won
local commissions he would depend upon Tom Scott to
send him detailed illustrations and this was certainly the
case for the armour in Clapper ton's famous statue or 'The
Border Reiver' which stands so prominently in Galashiels.

It was not only through his art that Scott expressed his
love of Selkirkshire and the Borders. He became a member
of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club on the very day the
Club met in Selkirk in 1892 and soon afterwards offered to
illustrate articles for the Club's History. He was also a keen
antiquarian and in a Report in the Club's History for 1894,
George F. Black, Assistant Keeper of the Society of Anti-
quaries of Scotland, writes: 'Of the different collections
exhibited, that belonging to Mr Thomas Scott, A.R.S.A, is

134

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

Figure 4. Thomas Scott (1854-1927), by William Johnstone, after G. J
Watt. By permission of the National Galleries of Scotland (NGS 2065).

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

135

the largest and most important, and includes a number of
specimens of rare types, chief of which is the fine axe'.8
The inimitable Dr Samuel Johnson, who described Scots-
men as 'eating the oats that Englishmen only gave to their
horses' - was dismissive of archaeology - 'All conjecture
about things useless'.9 But the 17C metaphysical author Sir
Thomas Browne has long made antiquarians ponder his
words on introducing his essay Urn Burial: "When the
Funeral pyre was out, and the last valediction over, men
took a lasting adieu of their interred Friends, little expect-
ing the curiosity of future ages should comment upon their
ashes, and having no old experience of the duration of
their Reliques, held no opinion of such after considera-
tions. But who knows the fate of his bones, or how often
he is to be buried? who hath the Oracle of his ashes, or
whither they are to be scattered?"10

There is a fine portrait of Scott by Fiddes Watt in which
he looks unflinchingly out of the canvas (Fig. 4), probably
as he looked at the world during his lifetime. He died at
Leslie Cottage, Selkirk, in July 1927 aged 73, and is buried,
his wife beside him, in the comer of Selkirk Churchyard in
the shadow of Hainings Woods, within views of the hill-
sides he loved so well.

Scott's collection of flint and stone implements is housed
in the public library of Selkirk and amongst his bequests
to the Royal Scottish Academy is the Fiddes Watt portrait
of him, and some of his sketch books, including his illus-
trations for the History of Selkirkshire written by his old
friend T. Craig Brown. It is good to know that the R.S.A.
used a vignette from this series on their Christmas card in
the mid 1970's and that the Fiddes Watt portrait is back in
Selkirk Municipal Buildings on extended loan. His bust by
his friend, Clapperton, is above his birthplace in Selkirk's
High Street and exhibitions of his work are regularly held
in the town. Many a Border family is proud to have a Tom
Scott on their walls. The value of his paintings is increas-
ing, one having been recently sold at auction in Scotland
for £7,000. But whatever price they reach, Tom Scott was a
Souter and his love of the Borderland and of its legends
cries out from his work.

RODERICK (RORY) MCEWEN

What of our painter of flora - those exquisite botanical

136

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

drawings that I once heard said: 'should be like portraits
and have grace'.11 Albrecht Diirer the great 16C German
Master, has left to posterity many outstanding examples of
such paintings and when Dr Armand Hammer brought
his Tour Centuries of Masterpieces' Exhibition to the Royal
Scottish Academy in 1978, one of the public's favourite
works and the best-selling poster, was Diirer's Tuft of
Cowslips' (gouache on vellum) painted in 1526, an origi-
nal as perfect over 400 years later as it was on the day it
was drawn.

This is a very specialised form of art dating from classi-
cal times when such accurate illustrations aided identifica-
tion and were an important branch of botany and medi-
cine. Many may try it, but to be not only botanically cor-
rect, but also to bring artistic life to the painting, is not
easy. When I began my research to find a local artist of
such a calibre, imagine my delight when I discovered one
who had not only been bom in this, the 20th century, but
also in the heart of Berwickshire; and one whose family
had, and still has, very close ties with this Club.

In 1932 a fourth child, Roderick (known as Rory) was
bom to Captain and Mrs J. H. F. McEwen at Marcnmont.
There were 7 children altogether, 6 boys and a girl. In a
recent interview which she gave to the press, Christian
(always known as Kisty and who, in 1949, married Lord
Hesketh), tells us of the very happy childhood they all
spent together. As well as the young McEwens, the house
would be full of countless boisterous cousins.

Kisty and Rory were particularly close, there being only
3 years between them; they even shared the same French
governess. Mile Phillipe - always lovingly known as 'zelle'
- and it was she who instructed them in drawing from
nature. Rory himself was to write later of "... still having
some of those drawings, - Spear Thistle, Water Averts,
Broom, Sweet Pea - they conjure up freedom and fine
weather, tickling trout, bare feet and cool water."12 Is not
all that reminiscent of Thomas Bewick?

At Eton, Rory's Art Master was Wilfred Blunt who not
only gave him every help and encouragement but was at
that time engaged in producing his own magnum opus -
The Art of Botanical Illustration'. Could anything have
been more appropriate? Some time later, Wilfred Blunt
Weis to describe his pupil as 'Perhaps the most gifted artist

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

137

Figure 5. Rory (Roderick) McEwen (1932-1982). Reproduced from
frontispiece to Catalogue - "Rory McEwen - The Botanical Paintings" -
by courtesy of the Royal Botanic Garden and the Serpentine Gallery.

138

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

to pass through my hands'.13

By now, McEwen had really found his true form of artis-
tic expression. He was to diversify, but he always returned
to his first love - flora. It was Matisse who implied that
'the hand controls the artist' and, bearing this in mind, it is
interesting to read McE wen's own remarks that '... after 2
years in the Army, I sat down and painted a rose and
found to my surprise that my hand had unknowingly
educated itself.' Despite not having had any formal art
training, in 1955 when Rory was only 23 and up at Cam-
bridge, 8 colour plates by him were used to illustrate a
beautiful, limited edition book for the connoisseur, 'Old
Carnations and Pinks' the text being by the Rev. C. Oscar
Moreton. The introduction was written by Sacheverell
Sitwell who became a lifelong friend of McEwen. In 1964
the author and the artist again collaborated and published
The Auricula, its History and Character'. Preservation of
the older species of flowers appealed to Rory and he was
a supporter of Societies whose aim this was.

People knew Rory as a charming man of versatile talent,
not only in the Art world where he experimented with
abstract, collage and sculptural forms, but also because he
was drawn at an early age to music, particularly jazz. Later
he and his younger brother, Alex, began to write and sing
folk songs, accompanying themselves on the guitar. At one
time in the 1950's they appeared each evening on the tele-
vision Tonight' programme, always with a freshly writ-
ten, topical lyric. Their fame spread. Life was all go - Rory
wrote art criticisms for the 'Spectator7 magazine; his father
was created a Baronet. He toured extensively in the east-
ern States of America and he married an American -
Romana. They were to have four children.... still he was
oainting. He held many Exhibitions and his works were
sought not only by Modem Art Galleries around the world,
but by enthusiastic contemporary collectors including the
Queen Mother and Princess Margaret. His medium was
watercolour and, like Crawhall, he excelled at painting on
a lovely smooth, rich surface such as vellum. The painting
might be of a group of grasses; of a fleshy vegetable; of
two or three delicate flowers on their stalks, or, perhaps, of
a complete flowering bulb or tuber with its roots creating
interesting patterns across the paper; or sometimes even of
a single leaf, looking a little lost on paper 22” x 19" (the

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

139

size of a poster). The images are built up in minute strokes
of almost dry paint so realistically, that one feels one can
pick petals off the page. In the last year or two of his life,
he sometimes painted faint, gently flowing landscapes into
the background.

Sadly, Rory McEwen died, at the age of 50 in 1982 and is
buried at Bardrochat, near ColmoneU, in Ayrshire, where
the McEwens have an estate.

During the 1988 Edinburgh Festival a Retrospective Ex-
hibition was held of his work in what had been The Gal-
lery of Modem Art, at Inverleith House in the Royal Bo-
tanic Garden, Edinburgh. This was a most appropriate
setting as he had loved to go to the Garden and paint rare
and unusual species during his lifetime. In their April 1989
newsletter. The Botanies, it was described as 'one of the
most popular exhibitions so far presented at Inverleith
House'.

Figure 6. Tale-piece by Bewick from Bain (2). No. 192 - "Saving the toll,
the cow presses on, her driver hesitates, hearing warnings from the
opposite tank; he loses his hat - worth more than the toll he would
have paid to cross the bridge."

140

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

CONCLUSION

This concludes my View of five Artists and I hope you will
agree with me that, in their different ways and over a time
span of two centuries, each has made a unique contribu-
tion to the Artistic, Scientific and Social life or the Borders.

I will finish as I began with Thomas Bewick, who wrote:

T cannot help feeling a deep interest and an ardent desire
that art may long flourish,... The sedentary artist ought to
have his dwelling in the country, where he can follow his
business undisturbed. My prescription would cost them
nothing - it being that they will contrive to be very hungry
once a day/16

Figure 7. Tale-piece by Bewick from Bain (2). No. 179 - "A dog frightened
at night by what he fancied to be living objects bearing the semblance of
men . Seen in process of preparation by J. J. Audubon on his visit to
Bewick in 1827.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the following:

Mr Ian Brown, District Curator, Selkirk.

Miss Ros Brown, Archivist, Borders Regional Library, Selkirk.

Mr J. M. Crawhall of Worcestershire.

Mr Richard Doughty, Curator, Borough Museum, Berwick upon Tweed.

Mr Mike Greenwood, Producer, BBC Kaleidoscope.

Miss Vivien Hamilton, Assistant Keeper of Fine Art, The Burrell Collection, Glasgow.
The Rt. Hon. Lord Joicey.

Lady Brigid McEwen.

Mrs Joanna Soden, Assistant Librarian, The Royal Scottish Academy.

Mr A. M. Tynan, Curator, The Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Mr Colin Wills, Librarian, The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

141

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

Introduction

1. Douglas, Sir G. B. (1932) Address delivered to the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club at Ber-
wick, 7th October 1931. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 27, 279-293.

General Reading

Hall, M. (1973) The Artists of Northumbria. Newcastle: Marshall Hall Associates.

Gordon, E. (1976) The Royal Scottish Academy 1826-1976. Edinburgh: Charles Skilton.

Thomas Bewick

2. Bain, I. (Ed.) (1979) Thomas Bewick - A Memoir. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bain, I. (1979) Thomas Bewick. An Illustrated Record of his Life and Work. Tyne and Wear

Council Museums - The Laing Gallery.

Bronte, Charlotte - Jane Eyre. First published 1847: 1966, Penguin Books, Middlesex.

Bowes, P. E. (1989) In a Strong Light - The Art of Thomas Sword Good. Berwick upon
Tweed: Borough Museum and Art Gallery.

3. Whittington, Robert. Floreat 1520.

Norman, F. M. (1884) Report of Meetings of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club for the Year
1884. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 10, 439-491 (Page 481).

J H. D. (1984) Newcastle's Hancock Museum's Centenary. History of the Berwickshire

Naturalists' Club, 43, 16-17.

Joseph Crawhall

Bury, A (1958) The Man and the Artist London: Charles Skilton.

Totty, V. H. B. (1984) The Glasgow Boys. University of East Anglia, School of Fine Art and
Music; B. A Project.

Lady Waterford

4, 5. Neville, H. M. (1896) Under a Border Tower. Newcastle upon Tyne: Manson, Swan and
Morgan.

6. Norman, F. M. (1908) Branxton for Hodden. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 20,
273-5.

7. Joicey, Lord (1980) Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford. Trustees of Lady Waterford Hall.

Tom Scott

Bertram, J. (1987) Tom Scott RSA Selkirk Town Magazine, July.

8. Black, G. F. (1984) Descriptive Catalogue of Loan Collections of Prehistoric and other
Antiquities from the Shires of Berwick, Roxburgh and Selkirk. History of the Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club, 15, 144-169.

9. 10. Quotations: BBC Radio Programme, 'Kaleidoscope', 14 August 1989.

Rory McEwen

11. Quotation: BBC Radio Programme, 'Woman's Hour', 1989.

Catalogue of the Armand Hammer Collection. (1978) Edinburgh: The National Gallery of
Scotland and the Royal Scottish Academy.

12, 13, 14. (1988) Catalogue: Rory McEwen - The Botanical Paintings. Edinburgh and Lon-
don: The Royal Botanic Garden in association with the Serpentine Gallery.

15. (1989) Newsletter - The Botanies, April. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garden.

Conclusion

16. Thomas Bewick. No 71 of a series of books. Kettering (27 Mill Dale Road): J. L. Carr.

SIMPRIM IN THE MERSE

R. C. Wood

Simprim, Coldstream, Berwickshire

Part II - The Session Records 1699 to 1761

Old parish records are required by Statute to be in the hands of
the Registrar General, housed at The Scottish Record Office in
Edinburgh. There they may be seen, free of charge, in the His-
torical Search Room. Microfilms of baptismal, marriage and burial
registers are open to inspection, for a fee, in the Search Rooms at
New Register House. Also, in a recent development, the micro-
film for our Border parishes can now be viewed without charge
at Regional Library Headquarters in Selkirk. Those for Simprim
are indexed under Swinton.

The Simprim records are contained in two volumes. They com-
mence with the ordination and induction of the Rev. Thomas
Boston on 21 September 1699 and continue until the suppression
of the charge on 27 September 1761. Unfortunately, there is a gap
in the chronicle between 1726 and 1733; and a few of the imme-
diately subsequent pages are damaged. The account is initially
written by Boston himself. After his translation to Ettrick in 1707,
it was written by the Clerk, who was usually the schoolmaster.
The records give interesting pictures of life in this, the smallest
parish in Berwickshire.

For instance, in 1701, one Andrew Law was sent to school at
the Session's expense, plus the price of a peck of meal out of the
Poor's Box for his maintenance. In 1705 the Records reveal that
the said Andrew Law was crippled, having lost the use of one of
his legs. At this stage the Session decided that, as he was able to
read tne Bible pretty well, it was "useless to be at more expense
... unless he can learn something new". The schoolmaster was
therefore "to teach him writing and arithmetic, that he in some
measure may be serviceable". There is no further mention of
Andrew and one wonders what finally became of him. All
through the Records there is this evidence of care for the poor
and for the crippled. Indeed, the only use of the collections, apart
from special collections, was for the care and maintenance or the
poor of the parish.

In Boston's time it seems to have been the custom for one or
more Elders to visit the town during the time of services, and to
admonish and report those failing to attend without good ex-
cuse. These reproofs must have been effective as after some years
the custom was allowed to lapse.

Crime and delinquency feature largely and many and varied

142

SIMPRIM IN THE MERSE

143

are the cases dealt with. They encompass theft to drunkenness,
and include slanders; and the restlessness of boys in the Kirk.
There are, however, but a few cases of immorality, indeed the
first case after 1699 occurs in 1745 ’when, the parties having
appeared three, several, times before the congregation, and re-
ceived a public rebuke, were again received into church privi-
leges.

A Session-Bailie was appointed in 1701 - John Leigh or Lee,
then the blacksmith in Simprim - "to hold courts for suppress-
ing, preventing and punishing vice and immorality ... and to
fine those who shall be convict''. It may be that this court saved
the Session many deliberations, but there are no records of its
functioning.

In 1702 there was grave scandal when William Gleghom,
schoolmaster. Session Clerk, precentor and beadle, was suspended
for fighting. However, three days later the suspension was re-
moved and he was restored to his offices.

In 1704: "it being represented that some boys by their restless-
ness in the Kirk in time of Public Worship do create disturbance
to such as are near them, while they see them going out and
coming in laughing; the Session ordained that such boys should
be taken notice of for the time to come and in case of such behav-
iour in the Kirk in time of Public Worship, if they themselves be
not capable of discipline, their parents shall be answerable for
them".

There was a case of drunkenness reported in 1705. It seems
that Patrick Currie and James Darling: "On Monday last, having
gone to Coldstream, sat up all night drinking in Andrew Peat-
son's house there; and that on Tuesday they went over to Francis
Pringle's, boatman in the other side of the Tweed, and drank
there and from hence, coming home, the said James Darling leapt
or fell from behind Patrick Currie on whose horse he was riding
with him, and lay there a while in the fields sleeping". This was
considered a scandalous report, flagrant in this congregation, to
the great offence of the Godly". Patrick confessed but James
denied sleeping and said "he sat down to consider what he had
been doing". Their sentence was that they be debarred from Com-
munion till they showed repentance "by tenderness in their af-
terwalk ... and profession of their sorrow before the monthly
meeting for Christian Fellowship". Sad to relate Patrick Currie is
in trouble again only a week later; but the strictures of the Ses-
sion must have had effect as both were to redeem themselves
and in due course both became Elders, and James Darling be-
came treasurer.

Then there is the case of Elizabeth Rea "sometime the minis-
ter's servant", desiring a testimonial and instead of getting one,
being dted to appear on charges of: 1. Cutting off a web belong-

144

SIMPRIM IN THE MERSE

ing to the minister's wife; and 2. Stealing a fine mutch belonging
to the minister's child. She confessed guilt and professed sorrow,
and being severely rebuked and then absolved, she had a testi-
monial given to her. A testimonial was the equivalent of a certifi-
cate showing the possessor in right of full Church privileges.

Prior to Boston's incumbency there must have been only inter-
mittent celebration of Holy Communion; an entry of 1702: "con-
sidering that the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper hath not been
celebrat for about nine years bygone". The Sacrament was duly
'celebrat' in August, with a preaching on the Saturday before.
On the Sunday, after a sermon by Mr. Boston, the Sacrament was
celebrated, and two visiting ministers also preached. There was
a further preaching in the afternoon and a Thanksgiving on the
Monday. The service was, of course, different from the one that
we are familiar with today; actual tables were erected and used
in relays as all communicants could not sit down at one time. So
perhaps we can understand why so many ministers were re-
quired, and so many sermons.

By 1705 Communion was being celebrated twice yearly and
the making up of the communion roll was being treated as a
very serious matter, with applicants being examined coram; and
some applicants being debarred on account of gross ignorance.

Boston mentions that after his first Communion, which was
held in the church, he always celebrated it in the open. This was
probably because of his popularity and so of the numbers pres-
ent. Winter celebrations must have demanded some shelter.
Mention is made of preachings in the Byre and in the Bam, and
in later years a tent appears to have been in use.

Until 1705 there was no mortcloth in the parish and the Ses-
sion then decided to purchase one out of the Box - enough fine
'Cloath' to make a larger and a lesser mortcloth. Charges made
for their use were an important source of income to the church,
the fees varying depending on uses within and outside the par-
ish. By 1734, the Session had purchased a 'Herse' to carry the
dead which was hired out when required. Thereafter there are
frequent entries about it in the accounts - for cleaning it; for iron
work; to a tree for new trams; and entries showing the charges
made for its use. In 1751 a Tiouse' was built for it, of quarried
stone with a roof thatched with broom.

A matter of great concern to the Session was the ignorance
that prevented the acceptance of some would-be communicants.
So improvements were set in train; in 1701 "considering the great
advantage that may abound to the congregation" the Session did
unanimously recommend to the schoolmaster that he prepare
the scholars to repeat, turn by turn, a portion of the Shorter Cate-
chism in the Kirk, each Lord's Day, between the second and the
third bell.

SIMPRIM IN THE MERSE

145

Five years later, in 1706, it was decided to buy, for the use of
the parish, some good books "that may be had at easy sale", to
be paid out of the Box. Titles mentioned include The Convict.
The Sound Collector and The Communicant's Instructor, and
that so many of each book be procured that every family in the
congregation should have one of each sort.

A later minute allows those who wish to purchase the books to
do so. Other were to return them when leaving the parish. And
again, the Minister, representing that some of the congregation
wish to learn to read, "but cannot conveniently leave their own
houses to wait on the schoolmaster", the Session agreed that the
schoolmaster in his "vacant hours" should go to the house of
these persons and be rewarded out of the Box for his trouble.

Penny Weddings were another subject which drew attention,
with agreement that they be discouraged. At such weddings the
guests paid for the entertainment and were invited indiscrimi-
nately so that on occasion excesses occurred which were a scan-
dal in sight of the Kirk.

As stated earlier the bulk of the ordinary collections were used
for relief of the poor. Many and varied were those devoted to
special purposes. The accounts show payments to the poor, to
distrest travellers, to merchants shipwrecked, to dumb men with
passes, to men taken by the Spaniards and so on. Here are a few

examples:

... Given for a half hour glass for the Kirk 11/-

... for; a coffin for a poor woman £2/8/-

... for a sundial set on the Kirk £2/11/-

... a winding sheet to a woman £1/10/-

... for the maintenance of a funling (foundling)

... to one distrest by the Frenchies 12/-

... Given to two broken sodjers 6/-

... The distrest condition of George Melrose,
hind, being represented to the Session and that
it was a very heavy burden to him to pay his

shearer her harvest fee, upon the said represent-
ation the Session ordered their Treasurer to give
him six pounds Scots and to intimate to him that

if he shall be in abilities afterwards to pay the
Session that he should.

... for a new tow to the bell 6/-

... to a man lamed in a coal pit 4/-

... to a woman who had her house burnt 6/-

... to a man in the neighbourhood to help buy
a cow £1/16/-

... to Margaret Turner and daughter, their house
being burnt at Wooler, well recommended 18/-

... Sold the old Kirk bell £5

146

SIMPRIM IN THE MERSE

On a sad note the Records cease on 27 September 1761, when
the Parish of Simprim, by appointment of the Presbytery of
Chimside, was declared annexed to that of Swinton.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cargill, D. C. (1949) Pre-1855 tombstone inscriptions of Berwickshire.

Cockbum-Hood, T. H. (1888) The house of Cockbum of that ilk and Cadets thereof.
Ferguson, J. (1896) Pre-reformation ecclesiastical arrangements in Berwickshire. History of the
Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 16, 1.

Hardy, J. (1877) An account of Simprim. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 8, 294-
311.

Longmuir, J. B. (1947) The churches of Swinton and Simprim. History of the Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club, 31, 35-39.

Nicolaisen, W. F. H. (1976) Scottish Place Names. London: Batsford.

Robson, J. (1896) Churches and churchyards of Berwickshire.

Simprim Estates - maps (1834).

Statistical Account of Scotland (1791-1798); New Statistical Account of Scotland (1832-1845).
Wood, R. C. (1986) Simprim in the Merse. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 43, 17-
24.

HOLYDEAN FARM, BOWDEN, AND WHITLAW
MOSSES NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE

M. J. H. Robson* and C. O. Badenoch**
*Ovenshank, Newcastleton

** Nature Conservancy Council, 38 Gala Park, Galashiels

This paper records an Extra Field Meeting of the Club, on 9 June
1988. It was felt useful to hold this extra meeting since the
Nature Conservancy Council has contracted Dr Michael Robson
to undertake a land-use history of the area, so tying together the
natural history interest of this well-recorded site, with the
historical interest of its well-documented environs. This work,
which we hope will soon be published, has highlighted the
importance of integration of the land-use history with the
landscape and wildlife which are now apparent. The location is
interesting in itself as it lies on the (much disputed) edge of two
Commonties (Selkirk and Midlem) and across their boundary
with the early seat of the Earls of Roxburghe-Holydean.

HOLYDEAN

It is always worth taking a second glance at a landscape, at
Bowden for instance. Almost in the centre of the Scottish
Borders, the village of Bowden is strikingly situated on one of
several parallel ridges, with the Eildon Hills rising steeply only a
mile away to the north. Bowden is a linear settlement, much like
Lilliesleaf, but in history it is closely associated with the quite
differently-shaped village of Midlem. At its western end it has an
irregular boundary with the farm of Faughhill, through which a
channel of common land remains to indicate the former link
between the village and its upland pastures on Bowden Moor.
Situations, shapes, patterns - these are things that become
apparent in the course of our second glance.

Westward from Faughhill lie the fields and pastures of
Holydean, now an independent holding but once the heart of an
estate which comprised all the country from Midlem by Bowden
to the top of the middle Eildon hill. Running right through the
midst of these lands is an ancient track, in earlier times the way on

147

148 HOLYDEAN FARM, BOWDEN/YVHITLAW NATURE RESERVE

which travellers could go from Selkirk to Kelso; it is still visible in
the vicinity of Holydean, where part of it is used as the access
road. The appearance of today's landscape here, perhaps more
conspicuously than in many other areas, reflects and is explained
by the course of history.

From the track where it passes in front of the Holydean
farmhouse and steading (NT 538303) it is easy to look across the
outbuildings and sheds to the field curving up behind in a gentle
little hill, vividly green in summer. On the top of this rising
ground, with trees and hedge just to the left, there once stood a
chapel; at least this is what the modern maps tell us, by marking
the site of such a building. There is also, in this case, related
documentary evidence. In 1567 Thomas Ker, second son to Sir
Walter Ker of Cessford, and Elizabeth Scot, sister to Sir Walter
Scot of Branxholm, were due to marry, but various conditions set
out in the contract as the responsibility of Sir Walter Ker had not
been implemented. At a meeting held on 5 October Sir Walter
agreed to fulfil them. The declaration to this effect was made
before witnesses at 'the chapel of Halydean' around 10 o'clock in
the morning. It is certain therefore that a chapel existed
somewhere on the farm, and there is no reason to reject the map
site.

The use of the chapel for this transaction may have been judged
appropriate to the nature of the business. For matters of an
administrative or entirely legal kind the ordinary residence at
Holydean would have been more than sufficient, for it was a
building grand enough to be called a castle. Some remnants of a
stronghold can still be seen in the steading, incorporated into
more recent structures of use to modern farming. In order to
explain why a chapel, a castle, and the Kers of Cessford were all
once to be found at Holydean it is necessary to look at the records
of the area.

About 1113 Earl David, later King David I, assisted the
foundation of a small community of monks at Selkirk, and
granted to them an estate which included rights in the forest to
the west and a large tract of land stretching from Selkirk itself to
the Tweed river a little north of Dryburgh. Within the latter area
were portions known as Midlem, Bowden and Eildon. After a
few years the monastic establishment moved to Kelso but
retained much of its property in and near Selkirk, even after
Melrose Abbey came into being. A rental of Kelso Abbey
possessions, dated about 1300, provides new detail, and makes it
clear that Holydean ('Hailden') was a grange belonging to the
monastery. The land of the grange consisted of pasture, mostly to
the west and northwest, arable worked by three plough-teams.

HOLYDEAN FARM, BOWDEN/VVHITLAW NATURE RESERVE

149

and woods, while there was a cluster of dwellings probably
located on a site near the present farm buildings
In the course of the 15c the Kers of Cessford and Caverton, only
a few miles from Kelso, became bailies or factors for the Abbey
and through this office an immediate connection was formed
with that separate part of the estate around Selkirk and Bowden.
The area to the east of Selkirk extending over Greenhead Hill as
far marches Of Holydean, by the Whitlaws, Whitmuirhall
and Midlem, was already determined as the 'South Common' of
Selkirk, a developing burgh, while the Abbey lands were
collectively called the barony of Holydean or of Bowden In
practice the baron was Ker of Cessford rather than the Abbot and
the bailie was undoubtedly the most influential figure in the
district. As the effective control of the Abbey over its property
diminished, so, that of the Kers, increased. Given their power
they behaved like barons, and in 1481 the Abbot granted them a
charter of Holydean which served to confirm the old grange as an

be 0^,gin,8 t0 the Kers' to which the tenants of Bowden,
Midlem, Clarilaw and other neighbouring places became
subservient. Once in this position, Ker of Cessford, perhaps
inclined to live a little further away from the troublesome Border
ronher felt free to have a castle constructed on these more
sheltered and safer lands.

A description of the castle in its last days in the eighteenth
century states that behind a surrounding wall there were two
towers, together with ancillary buildings such as porters' lodges
servants hall, vaulted cellars and bakehouses. This picture is
supported by seventeenth century records, which include
accounts for work carried out in repairing the several apartments,
w t0 ,the castle was a large garden, beyond which were
woodlands regularly managed by a forester, and then an
extensive area of about 500 acres, the bulk of the farm, which was
enclosed as a deer park. There were trees in the park, as well as
horses, and no doubt deer; but the most remarkable feature was
the perimeter wall - a drystone dyke six or seven feet high! In two
P a5f s' one, towards the southern edge of the farm and the other
in the northwest part, an earthwork reckoned to be prehistoric
was a noticeable feature amid the pastures. It somehow survives
oday even after years of farm improvements. It presumably does

,n h,Tef il°nf Lk111 thu eS*ate P°Iicy of the Kers' apparently
m that of the Abbey but the chapel, on the other hand, could

f. Aufen Pafrt of.eitlle,r of these enterprises - an outlying cell of

fiftAbnfy °! eather Chnstian Period), or perhaps more likely, a
hfteenth century appendage to the castle. y

e park was one of the first results of action taken by

150 HOLYDEAN FARM, BOWDEN/ WHITL AW NATURE RESERVE

successive Ker generations to impose a more organised system of
land use around the castle. In the sixteenth and early seventeenth
centuries progress continued, with subdivision of the park into
sections known as wards, which served chiefly an agricultural
purpose and created the pattern of fields still existing at
Holy dean today. Outside the great wall to the west were the
rough pastures extending from the southern march over the
Helm Hill as far as the Lady Moss, while in the southeast corner,
also outside the park, was the permanent hay meadow known as
the Luckenhaugh. In some respects the lay-out has not changed
since then, and in parts the vegetation reflects this, having
escaped damaging effects of intensive arable or grassland
management.

A walk over the farm of Holydean today is to a large extent an
introduction to its exceptionally interesting history. The
fragments of the castle among the farm buildings are only one of
the many and varied survivals from the past, which include the
sixteenth century inscribed stone in the farmhouse, the old
trackways, the earthworks, the field pattern, the trees and
hedges, the traces of former cultivation in open pasture, patches
of old grassland rich in plants, and the hollows of the mosses
from which once came peat for fuel and marl to fertilise the land.
Even things which are not now to be seen catch the imagination,
such as the location of the great park wall which abruptly
disappeared around 1810; and the site of the vanished chapel.
Both wall and chapel are reminders that features of the landscape
can frequently be explained or understood by reference to the
written record and that a walk on the ground can, and perhaps
should, be matched by an equally worthwhile journey through
original documents and living reminiscence. There can be no
better illustration of this point than an exploration of the ancient
estate of Holydean.

WHITLAW MOSSES

Whitlaw Mosses consist of 4 small elongated basin mires
Murder Moss (NT 505286) 10 ha., Blackpool Moss 4 ha. and
Beanrig Moss (NT 517292) 2 ha. and Nether Whitlaw Moss (NT
509294) 4 ha., occupying part of the ridged watershed between
the River Tweed and the Ettrick Water to the north, and the Ale
Water to the south, lying approximately 4 km east of Selkirk and 8
km west of St Boswells.

Murder Moss, Blackpool Moss and Beanrig Moss were
declared as a National Nature Reserve by the Nature
Conservancy Council on 25 March 1974, by Nature Reserve

HOLYDEAN FARM, BOWDEN/WHITLAW NATURE RESERVE 151

Agreement with the relevant owners. In 1977 the decision was
taken to include Nether Whitlaw Moss within an extension to the
existing reserve, and following negotiations it was finally
declared a Reserve on 18 December 1980. }

This area has attracted the attention of the Club over the years
the first visit was reported by Aiken (1906-1907), Boyd (1913) in
, L°caKties of Less Common Plants', and Anderson (1914) in
his List of the Less Common Plants in the Area of the Club' - both

mvn t0Aman! sPecies *>ui]d on Parts of the site. Throughout the
19/ Os, Albert Long added to the published lists for bryophytes
and insects and Nelson (1982) published some lists of
invertebrates. Mannion (1981), in the same volume of the

ofth0eryBoredVred ^ °f ^ mosses in the Peat stratigraphy

The mosses are fed by base-rich ground water from thin seams
of (?) algal limestones in the strongly-folded Silurian shales and
show a wide range of plant communities of what is known as 'rich
ten , from closed willow carr to open moss carpets sedee
swamps and tall herbs. Nether Whitlaw is less lime-rich but
exhibits more extensive 'poor fen' communities.

The succession to relatively undisturbed willow ( Salix spp) carr
is shown on all the mosses with a rich ground flora of vascular
plants and mosses, including Angelica sylvestris (Angelica), Caltha
palustris (Marsh Marigold), Geum rivale (Water Avens), Crepis
paludosa (Marsh Hawk's Beard), Pyrola rotundifolia (Lesser
Wintergreen), Carex paniculata (Greater Tussock Sedge) and the
mosses Chmacium dendroides, Acrocladium cuspidatum and
Lynclidium stygium.

A major feature of the Whitlaw group, unusual in southern
tens, is the occurrence of at least 5 species of flowering plant
which are regarded as northern montane elements in the British
distribution; and one which is categorised as Arctic- Alpine.

Swamp and tall herb communities are well developed, and
calcareous flushes rich in mosses which thrive in base rich
conditions, can be found on Murder Moss.

Swamps mainly consist of Menyanthes trifoliata (Bogbean)
Utricularia vulgaris (Greater Bladderwort), Hippuris vulgaris
Mares Tad) Sparganium ramosum (Burr Reed), S. minimum
Small Burr Reed), Carex rostrata (Bottle Sedge), C. lasiocarpa
(Slender Sedge), Potentilla palustris (Marsh Cinquefoil),
KflHimctdus lingua (Greater Spearwort), Dactylorhiza purpurella
(Northern Marsh Orchid) and the rare Cicuta virosa (Cowbane).

, uther areas m close proximity show communities ranging from
me base-rich moss-sedge types, containing Parnassia palustris
(Grass of Parnassus), Carex flacca (Glaucous Sedge), C. lepidocarpa

152 HOLYDEAN FARM, BOWDEN /WH1TLAW NATURE RESERVE

(Long Stalked Yellow Sedge), C. pulicaris (Flea Sedge) with the
mosses Scorpidium scorpidioides, Cratoneuron filicinum,
Camptothecium nitens and Campylium stellatum, through tall herb
and carr, to open acid communities characterised by bog mosses
of the genus Sphagnum and Carex limosa (Mud Sedge), Vaccinium
oxycoccus (Cranberry), Erica tetralix (Cross-leaved Heath), Calluna
vulgaris (Heather), Dactylorhiza maculata ssp. ericetorum (Heath
Spotted Orchid), Drosera rotundifolia (Sundew) and Carex curta
(White Sedge).

The Whitlaw mosses are probably the best examples of rich
valley or basin fens in Scotland. They show great affinity with
those found further south in Britain, but with certain floristic
differences which set them apart from these other sites, giving
them an important position within the series of fen sites in
Britain. The rare and local species present are known not to be
found collectively on any other site.

In all, the flowering plant and fern lists total over 200 species,
with also around 60 mosses, 16 liverworts and over 100 fungi.

The invertebrate records are equally impressive for such a
small area, with over 250 species of Diptera (two-winged flies)
and 150 of Coleoptera (beetles) of which latter, some 40 are
aquatic. These groups, together with the Symphyta (sawflies)
have provided at least four species new to Britain and several
which are nationally or locally rare. The 10 butterfly and 100 or so
moth species include Aricia artaxerxes (Northern Brown Argus)
and Erebia aethiops (Scotch Argus).

While the sites are collectively too small to provide extensive
bird and mammal lists, the usual range of lowland species are
seen, together with some species confined to mire and fen
habitats which are disappearing, such as Sedge Warbler and
Water Rail.

Additionally, outside the National Nature Reserve, but within
a proposed Site of Special Scientific Interest, there is an area of
rig-and-furrow grassland, last cultivated by a tenant of Holydean
farm in the mid 18c and now reverted to a herb rich meadow
grassland. It has been free of herbicide and modern fertiliser
applications, and shows a complete range of dry and wet, acid
and base-rich soils, grading into the fen peats of the mosses.

Ophioglossum vulgatum (Adder's Tongue Fern), Botrychium
lunaria (Moonwort), Sanguisorba officinalis (Greater Burnett), Salix
repens (Creeping Willow), Dactylorchis incarnata (Meadow
Orchid), Hierochloe odorata (Holy Grass) and Triglochin palustris
(Marsh Arrow-grass) were among the more outstanding plants
noted here during the visit.

It is now clear from the historical evidence that the mosses were

HOLYDEAN FARM, BOWDEN/WHITLAW NATURE RESERVE 153

a major source of peat (fuel), light wood and marl, the extraction
of which was long-term but never so all-embracing as completely
to eliminate the natural vegetation. Indeed all these activities -
although hotly contested by the various neighbouring
proprietorial interests - were done in such a way as to preserve
the natural mire succession and development, from open-water
and swamp to damp woodland.

REFERENCES

Aiken, J. J. M. L. (1907) Botanical Notes. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club,
20, 209-210.

Anderson, A. (1914) List of the less common plants in the area of the Club. History
of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 22, 227-272.

Boyd, W. B. (1913) Localities of less common plants. History of the Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club, 22, 132-133.

Mannion, A. M. (1981) A study of vegetational history in Roxburghshire. History
of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 42, 41-48.

Nelson, J. M, (1982) Some invertebrates from Murder Moss (A fen near Selkirk).
History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 42, 96-102.

THE GREEN SEAWEED CODIUM FRAGILE ON
THE COAST OF BERWICKSHIRE

F. G. Hardy

Department of Biology, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne,

NE1 7RU

Codium fragile is a very distinctive green seaweed which is found
growing in rock pools. Its fronds may be up to about 30 cm in
length, they branch dichotomously, and have a felt-like texture.
In early summer the plants are bright green in colour, but this
fades markedly as the season advances and the plants decay to a
pale yellowish white. Two subspecies of the plant are recognised,
atlanticum and tomentosoides, but these are more-or-less indistin-
guishable in the field, the differences between them being based
on microscopical characters. The species was studied by Silva
(1955); before this, plants were regarded as belonging to the
closely-related species Codium tomentosum, and as a result, for
early records, one must examine information for that species.

Codium is generally found on the south and west coasts of the
British Isles where sea temperatures are higher than on the east
coast. Johnston and Croall (1860) remarked that they had not
seen any specimens of Codium tomentosum from the east coast.
Batters (1902) reports that the species has been found on the east
coast in Aberdeenshire (Peterhead), County Durham and York-
shire.

Moss (1957) records that a few small plants of Codiumfragile
subspecies atlanticum were sent to her from Berwick upon Tweed
in the autumn of 1949 (Hardy, 1984) and in the next few years
the species was recorded from various places on the Northum-
berland coast including Inner Fame, Beadnell, Longhoughton Steel
and St. Mary's Island (Hardy, 1981). By 1980 it seemed to have
disappeared from all these sites and the only tangible record of
its former presence in the area is a single herbarium sheet of a
drift specimen in the Hancock Museum, Newcastle upon Tyne
(collected by Frank Brady from near Scremerston). Chiring this
period there were no records of the species for Berwickshire.

In August 1972 the British Phycological Society visited various
localities in the eastern border counties of Scotland and recorded
Codium fragile subspecies tomentosoides from Pettico Wick Bay, St.
Abb's Head, Berwickshire (Norton, 1976). Studying the marine
flora there in 1983, Smith and Gault (1983) and Hiscock (1984)
also recorded specimens of Codium fragile from a rock pool. Until
recently these were the only records for this species in the county.

154

CODIUM FRAGILE ON THE COAST OF BERWICKSHIRE

155

During their 1972 visit the British Phycological Society also re-
corded subspecies atlanticum from Long Craigs, Dunbar, East
Lothian.

In October 1986 I began a detailed study of the seaweed flora
of Berwickshire and started a programme of visits to carry out
fieldwork. In May 1988 an isolated rock pool high above high
tide mark (fed by wave splash) near Fancove Head, Burnmouth,
was found to contain one large and three small plants of Codium
fragile subspecies tomentosoiaes in a veiy healthy condition to-
gether with Enteromorpha intestinalis. When the pool was revis-
ited in July of that year it was found to be very heavily contami-
nated with bird droppings (there is a large population of gulls
inhabiting the cliffs backing the pool, with puffins and guillemots
earlier in the year), the plants were looking very sickly and were
heavily covered with epiphytic algae. In November 1988 a shal-
low rock pool (also above high water mark) near Breeches Rock,
Burnmouth, was found to contain two small plants of the spe-
cies.

The coast of Berwickshire was visited twice in 1989, in May
and in July. On these occasions it was apparent that Codium had
become very abundant along the coast.

In May 1989, the pool at Fancove Head contained six large and
thirteen small plants and that near Breeches Rock contained two
large and two small plants. Very large, healthy specimens were
found near Maiden's Stone (south of Burnmouth). The plants, in
shallow rock pools, were attached to a rocky substratum which
was heavily colonised by Corallina officinalis. Other seaweeds in
the pools included Halidrys siliquosa, Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder
Wrack), Cladophora rupestris, Gigartina stellata, Dermatolithon pus-
tulatum, Dumontia incrassata and Phymatolithon lenormandii.

At Ross Point, immediately to the south of Burnmouth, there
are a number of fairly shallow, but large, rock pools which have
a considerable accumulation of silt on their bottoms. The edges
of the boulders in these pools have growths of Enteromorpha and
other small green and brown seaweeds, and these pools were
full of very large plants of Codium fragile subspecies tomentosoides,
some of which were heavily colonised by epiphytes.

At Hurker's Haven, near Fancove Head, one medium sized
plant of Codium was found in a rock pool low on the shore with
Halidrys siliquosa, Himanthalia elongata (Thong- weed). Laminaria
digitata, Ulva lactuca (Sea lettuce), Corallina officinalis, Ceramium
rub rum, and various encrusting coralline red seaweeds. The spe-
cies was also recorded from rock pools at Scout Point, between
Fancove Head and Eyemouth, where a large pool was crammed
full with plants up to 30 cm in length and two other small pools
also contained the species.

In July 1989 Codium was also found in rock pools at Pettico

156

CODIUM FRAGILE ON THE COAST OF BERWICKSHIRE

Wick Bay (presumably the population recorded by other work-
ers), at Siccar Point, and at the extreme west end of Meikle Poo
Craig.

In the Provisional Atlas of the Marine Algae of Britain & Ireland
Norton (1985) states that Codium fragile subspecies atlanticum is a
widespread subspecies which is being steadily displaced from
the south by subspecies tomentosoides. This latter subspecies
probably came to the British Isles in the 1940s and has spread
progressively northwards. It is suggested that its invasion may
have been overlooked because of its superficial similarity to other
Codium species (Norton, 1978). Its spread throughout Berwick-
shire is of great interest.

The nomenclature used throughout this paper is based on that
of Parke and Dixon (1976).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Grateful thanks are due to the various bodies who have given financial support for this
project:

Botanical Research Fund

British Ecological Society (Small Ecological Projects Grant)

Nature Conservancy Council

Royal Society (Marshall and Orr Bequest)

I would also like to record my sincere thanks to Professor John Cram, for providing
facilities at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, and to Martin Wheeler for his consider-
able assistance with the fieldwork.

I, would like, here, to express my very sincere thanks to the late George Robinson and to
Mrs Peggy Robinson for the use of their cottage at Bummouth whilst carrying out the field
work.

REFERENCES

Batters, E. A. L. (1902). A catalogue of the British Marine algae. Journal of Botany , London ,
Supplement , 1-107.

Hardy, F. G. (1981). Codium on the Northumbrian coast. Transactions of the Natural History
Society of Northumbria, 43, 59-60.

Hardy, F. G. (1984) The seaweeds of Berwick upon Tweed. History of the Berwickshire Natu-
ralists' Club , 42, 62-65.

Hiscock, S. (1984) Marins algal communities of the St. Abbs area, southeast Scotland. Report for
the Nature Conservancy Council.

Johnston, W. G. (1860). The Nature-Printed British Sea-Weeds. IV. Chlorospermeae. London,
Bradbury & Evans, 324pp.

Moss, B. L. (1957) Codium on the coast of Northumberland. British Phycological Bulletin, 1(5),
40.

Norton, T. A. (1976). The marine algae of the eastern border counties of Scotland. British
Phycological Journal, 11, 19-27.

Norton, T. A. (1978). Mapping species distributions as a tool in marine ecology. Proceedings
of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, B, 76, 201-213.

Norton, T. A. (ed.) (1985) Provisional Atlas of the Marine Algae of Britain and Ireland. Hunting-
don, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, viii + 156 maps.

Parke, M. & Dixon, P. S. (1976). Check-list of British marine algae - third revision. Journal of
the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56, 527-594.

Silva, F. C. (1955). The dichotomous species of Codium in Britain. Journal of the Marine Biologi-
cal Association of the United Kingdom, 34, 565-577.

Smith, S. M. & Gault, F. I. (1983). The shores in the neighbourhood of St. Abbs (Burnmouth -
Redheugh): Marine Fauna with emphasis on the Mollusca. Report for the Nature Conservancy
Council.

THE FORD CASTLE LIGHT TRAP - 1988

Joyce Keating

Ford Castle, Ford, Berwick upon Tweed

Moth trapping began at Ford in February 1988. The trap is part
of a national scheme to provide long-term monitoring of the abun-
dance and distribution of the larger moths. The scheme is fi-
nanced by Rothamsted Experimental Station and submitted rec-
ords are analysed on a computer. The catches are identified by
Mr Peter Corkhill, the Nature Conservancy Council Warden, Dr
Jim Parrack and myself and are recorded on a daily basis through-
out the year. For our own satisfaction we hope to build up yearly
records showing seasonal variations, flight periods and the es-
tablishment of species new to the area or the extinction of others.

A Rothamsted light trap is illuminated by a 200 watt clear
tungsten light bulb. This is not as efficient an attractant as the
mercury vapour lamp and as only a small area is affected, con-
tinual trapping will not result in any serious depletion of the
local motn population.

Included with this first short account is a species list. In our
first year, from February until December 1988, we recorded 105
species totalling 785 moths excluding microlepidoptera. The trap
is partly shielded by a large yew tree and it has been suggested
that a change of site would probably increase the yield to 150
species of macrolepidoptera.

The moths most frequently caught were the Hebrew Character
(Orthosiagothica), the Silver-ground Carpet (Xanthorhoe montonata)
and the Garden Carpet (Xanthorhoe fluctuata). However, as with
other naturalists, it was the occurrence of the less common moths
that aroused our interest the most. Amongst the geometers, the
Sandy Carpet (Perizoma flavofasciata) is listed at only one out of
eight Rothamsted traps and the Red-green Carpet (Chloroclysta
siterata) is recorded at the Kielder trap only. We caught only two
of the Small Phoenix (Ecliptopera silaceata) but it is now consid-
ered common due to the spread of Rose-bay Willow-herb, which
is one of its food-plants. The noctuids were equally rewarding
with perhaps the most exciting the Merveille du Jour (Dichonia
aprilim), a truly beautiful moth with blue, green and grey mark-
ings extending across the thorax. Although few recordings have

157

15g THE FORD CASTLE LIGHT TRAP - 1988

been made of this moth. Dr Parrack assures me that small broods
are to be found throughout Northumberland. The Centre-barred
Sallow (Atethmia centrago) and the Fan-foot (Herminia tarsipen-
nalis), both once considered rare, are now appearing throughout
the country.

In the following species list, families are named as they appear
in Kloet and Hincks (1972). The systematic order is that of Bra-
dley and Fletcher (1979).

HEPIALIDAE

Hepialis humuli Ghost Moth - July

H. sylvina Orange Swift - July

H. fusconebulosa Orange Swift - July

LASIOCAMPIDAE

Peocilocampa populi December Moth - November

Alsophia aesularia
Idaea biselata
I. seriata
I. aversata
I. straminata
Xanthorhoe designate
X. montanata
X. fluctuate

Scotopteryx chenopodiata
Epirrrhoe alternate
Anticlea badiata
A. derivata

Lampropteryx suffumata
Nebula salicata
Eulithis prunata
E. testate
E. pyraliata
Ecliptopera silaceata
Chloroclysta siterata

C. miata

C. citrate

C. truncate

Cidaria fulvata
Thera firmata

GEOMETR1DAE

March Moth - March, April
Small Fan-footed Wave - August
Small Dusty Wave - July, August
Riband Wave - July, August
Plain Wave - July
Flame Carpet - July, August
Silver-ground Carpet - June, July
Garden Carpet - April to
September

Shaded Broad-bar - August
Common Carpet - July
The Shoulder Stripe - April, May
The Streamer - May, June
Water Carpet - July
Striped Twin-spot Carpet - July
The Phoenix - July, August
The Chevron - September
Barred Straw - June to August
Small Phoenix - June to August
Red-green Carpet - September,
October

Autumn Green Carpet -
September, October
Dark Marbled Carpet - August to
October

Common Marbled Carpet - June to
October

Barred Yellow - July, August
Pine Carpet - September, October

THE FORD CASTLE LIGHT TRAP - 1988

159

T. obeliscata
Colostygea pectimtaria
Hydriomena furcata
Epirrita autummta
E. filigrammaria

Perizoma alchemillata
P. albulata
P. flavofasciata
P. didymata
Eupitheda vulgata
E. pusillata
Chesias legatella
Semiothisa clathrata
Opisthograptis luteolata
Lomaspilis margimta
Ennomos alniaria

Selenia dentaria
S. lunularia
Odonoptera bidentata
Crocallis elinguaria
Colotois pennaria

Peribatodes rhomboidaria
Aids repandata
Cabera exanthemata
Campaea margaritata
Hylaea fasdaria
Oporinia spp
Operophtera brumata
Agriopis aurantiaria
Erannis detoliaria

Grey Pine Carpet - October
Green Carpet - July
July Highflyer - July to September
Autumnal Moth - October
Small Autumnal Moth - August,
September
Small Rivulet - July
Grass Rivulet - June
Sandy Carpet - June, July
Twin-spot Carpet - July, August
Common Pug - May to August
Juniper Pug - August, September
The Streak - October
Latticed Heath - June
Brimstone Moth - June, July
Clouded Border - May
Canary-shouldered Thorn -
August, September
Early Thorn - May
Lunar Thorn - May, June
Scalloped Hazel - June
Scalloped Oak - August
Feathered Thom - October,
November

Willow Beauty - June
Mottled Beauty - July, August
Common Wave - June, July
Light Emerald - July, August
Barred Red - July
October

Winter Moth - December
Scarce Umber - November
Mottled Umber - December

Laothoe populi

SPHINGIDAE

Poplar Hawk Moth - June, July

NOTODONTIDAE

Ptilodon capudna Coxcomb Prominent - June, July

ARCTIIDAE

Nudaria mundana Muslin Footman - August

Arctia caja Garden Tiger - July, August

Sphilosoma lubridpeda White Ermine - May, June
S. luteum Buff Ermine - June

160

THE FORD CASTLE LIGHT TRAP - 1988

Agrotis exclamationis
Ochropleura plecta
Noctua pronuba

N. comes

N. janthim

Graphiphora augur
Diarsia mendica
D. brunnea
Xestia triangulum
X. baja
X. sexstrigata
X. xanthographa
Anaplectoides prasima
Lacanobia thalassina
L. oleracea
Orthosia cruda

O. stabilis
O. incerta
O. gothica
Mythimna impura
Allophyes oxyacanthae

Dichonia aprilina
Conistra vaccinnii
Agrochola macilenta

A. litura

Atethmia centrago
Omphaloscelis lunosa

Xanthia icteritia
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Rusina ferruginae
Apamea monoglypha
A. crenata
Oligia strigilis
Mesapmia secalis

Photedes pygmina
Hydraecia micacea
Gortyrm flavago
Diachrysia chrysitis

NOCTUIDAE

Heart and Dart - June
Flame Shoulder - July
Large Yellow Underwing - July to
September

Lesser Yellow Underwing -
August, September
Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow
Underwing - July to September
Double Dart - September
Ingrailed Clay - July, August
Purple Clay - July, August
Double Square Spot - July
Dotted Clay - August
Six-striped Rustic - July, August
Square-spot Rustic - August
Green Arches - July
Pale-shouldered Brocade - August
Bright-line Brown-eye - August
Small Quaker - April
Common Quaker - April
Clouded Drab - April, May
Hebrew Character - March to May
Smoky Wainscot - July
Green-brindled Crescent -
September, October
Merveille du Jour - September
The Chestnut - March, April
Yellow-line Quaker - October,
November

Brown-spot Pinion - September,
October

Centre-barred Sallow - August
Lunar Underwing - September,
October

The Sallow - August, September
The Mouse Moth - September
Brown Rustic - June to August
Dark Arches - July, August
Clouded-bordered Brindle - July
Marbled Minor - July, August
Common Rustic - July to
September

Small Wainscot - August
Rosy Rustic - September, October
Frosted Orange - September
Burnished Brass - July

THE FORD CASTLE LIGHT TRAP - 1988

161

Autographa gamma
A. pulchrina
A. jota

Abrostola triplasia
Hypena proboscidalis
Herminia tarsipennalis

The Snout - July, August
The Fan-foot - June

Silver Y - September

Beautiful Golden Y - June, July

Plain Golden Y - July
Light Spectacle - July

REFERENCES

Bradley, J. D., Fletcher, D. S. (1979) A Recorders' Log Book on Label List of British Butterflies
and Moths. London: Curwen.

Chinery, M (1982) A Held Guide to the Insects of Britain and Northern Europe. London:
Collins.

Dunn, T. C., P arrack, J. D (1986) The Moths and Butterflies of Northumberland and Durham.
The Northern Naturalists Union.

Kloet, C. S., Hinks, W. D. (1972) A Check List of British Insects; Lepidoptera, 2nd Edition.

Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 11:2.

Skinner, B., Wilson, D. (1984) Colour Identification to Moths of the British Isles. London:
Penguin Books.

CANON W. S. GILLY, D.D.

G. A. C. Binnie

Ladykirk, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed

William Stephen Gilly was vicar of Norham from 1831 until his
death in 1855. In 1836 he became the 39th member of the
Berwickshire Naturalists' Club and, in 1851, its 20th President.
Apart from his distinction in his chosen profession, he achieved
national fame in two fields of advocacy: on behalf of the
persecuted Waldensian Christians of Piedmont; and on behalf of
the socially-oppressed Borders farm labourers.

William Gilly was born on 28 January, 1789, the eldest son of the
Rector of Hawkedon, Suffolk, where the family had been since
about 1712. He is said to have claimed Huguenot descent, but the
surname is well known in Scotland so possibly his roots lie nearer
Norham than France. He was a pupil at Christ's Hospital,
London, and of Caius College, Cambridge, obtaining his M. A. in
1817 and D.D. in 1833. He was made a Canon of Durham by
Bishop Van Mildert in 1826. His first marriage was to Eliza Oliver,
on 27 July, 1814, by whom he had 4 children. Eliza died on 6 June,
1822; he married Jane Colberg on 18 December, 1825, having 2
children, Agnes and Charles.

On 26 August, 1855, he preached to almost 2,000 people at the
service to celebrate the re-opening of Berwick Parish Church. As
mentioned on a commemorative tablet on the chancel arch, his
text was II Corinthians, 4, verse 18: "While we look not at the
things which are seen but at the things which are not seen; for the
things which are seen are temporal; but the things which are not
seen are eternal".

He died on 10 September, 1855, after 10 days of an acute and
extremely painful illness. His bust is in the library of Durham
Cathedral. In April, 1857, a recumbent statue in Caen marble by
Lough was gifted to Norham Church, by public subscription
(Langlands, 1859). It bears the words: "Friend of the Vaudois".
An obituary appreciation was published in the Club's History
(Embleton, 1856).

162

CANON W. S. GILLY, D.D.

163

CANON GILLY - FRIEND OF THE VAUDOIS

The Waldensian communities, known as Vaudois in France,
live in the alpine villages to the west of Turin, the focal point
being the town of Torre Pellice. Gilly thought for a time that there
had been an indigenous primitive church here since apostolic
times, rather than one founded by followers of Pietro Valdo of
Lyons (converted in 1174) who fled here from persecution; and
these were named Waldensians, after Valdo. Down the following
centuries attempts were made to eradicate these early
'Protestants' and they were only granted full civil rights and
religious freedom by the King of Piedmont in 1848. This was the
direct result of Gilly' s first visit in 1823 and his subsequent book
(vide infra). This reached the Bishop of Durham and resulted in
Gilly' s advancement to be Canon of Durham, but more
importantly it reached George IV; some £6,500 was raised and
used for the foundation of the present College and Library at
Torre Pellice, and the Secondary School at Pinerolo.

He established the Waldensian Aid Society which not only
helped the Waldensians directly but also aided the building of
churches including that in Turin where an English-speaking,
undenominational, church now worships.

A friend of the Vaudois indeed!

THE PEASANTRY OF THE BORDERS

The conditions of farm labourers in the Borders in the 1840s
were similar to those in Third World countries today and Gilly's
remedies (Gilly, 1842) have a familiar ring about them: give them
decent housing and educate them, means exactly what is so
necessary in so many countries today - give people proper
sanitation and give education to all, especially those who will be
the mothers of future generations. Some of the changes which
followed in the Borders have been described (Binnie, 1976). Gilly
was not afraid to pay for the education of the hinds' children and
he contributed one third of the £550 cost of Shoreswood School.
He instituted and paid for a girls' school in Norham which in
latter years was in the upper storey of the Old School, at the east
end of Norham Churchyard.

So important historically was Gilly's book (1842) that it was
reprinted in 1973 for the benefit of students of social history
(Mitchison, 1974).

164

CANON W. S. GILLY, D.D.

VICAR OF NORHAM AND CANON OF
DURHAM CATHEDRAL

His pastoral duties were not neglected and in the last 4 years of
his ministry, Norham Church was extensively restored and
enlarged, and a district chapel was founded at Duddo which in
1866 became the Parish Church. In addition, a licensed
schoolroom was used each week for Anglican services. In all, the
population served, and visited regularly, was over 3,500
scattered over some 40 square miles.

CANON GILLY'S WRITINGS

Many of these are described in our History (Hilson, 1918), and
include:

The Spirit of the Gospel, or the Four Evangelists, elucidated by
explanatory observations (1818).

A narrative of an excursion to the mountains of Piedmont and
researches among the Vaudois (1824; third edition, 1826).

Waldensian researches during a second visit to the Vaudois of
Piedmont (1831).

A memoir of Felix Neef, Pastor of the High Alps (1832; 7
editions by 1855!).

Our Protestant Forefathers (1835; 11 editions in the first year!).

God is with us: a sermon on Acts, 14, 37 (1836).

The Church of England: a sermon (1837).

The Peasantry of the Borders (1842); see also Mitchison (1973).

A statement of the grievances of the Waldensians - pamphlet
in the archives of Torre Pollice.

A sermon preached at Berwick, 2 August, 1843.

A sermon preached at the re-opening of Berwick church on
the evening of 26 August, 1855.

Vigilantius and his times. (1844). London: Seely, Burnside
and Seely.

The Romaunt Version of the Gospel according to John. (1848)
London: Murray.

Piedmont and the Waldensians (1854) - in the Library of the
University of Durham.

In addition he contributed an article on the history of
Norham Church (Gilly, 1846), and his Presidential Address
(Gilly, 1851).

A remarkable man and a credit to our Club by any standards.
Less certain is what would have been his reaction to the
ultimate in fame: a 3-star Hotel in Torre Pellice is called the
"Hotel Gilly"!

CANON W. S. GILLY, D.D.

165

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am indebted to the Rev. Dr William Pickering, lately lecturer in the Department
of Religious Studies, Newcastle University and now of 37, Gough Way,
Cambridge. His interest in the Vaudois led him to Dr Gilly, the subject of an
illustrated talk given by him in the drawing room of Dr Gilly' s vicarage in Norham
on 22 October, 1989.

REFERENCES

Binnie, G. A. C. (1976) Anniversary Address - Norham Folk in 1851 and 1971.

History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club , 40, 159-173.

Embleton, R. C. (1856) Obituary Notice. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists'

Club , 3, 208-209.

Gilly, W. S. (1842) The Peasantry of the Border: An Appeal on their Behalf.

Berwick upon Tweed. Reprinted Edinburgh (1973): Bratton Publishing.

Gilly, W. S. (1846) Our churches and churchyards: I. Norham. History of the

Berwickshire Naturalists' Club , 2, 177-179.

Gilly, W. S. (1851) The origin of the study of natural history. Presidential

Address. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 3, 57-62.

Hilson, J. L. (1918) Berwick upon Tweed typography, 1753-1900. History of the
Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 23, 445-451.

Langlands, J. C. (1859) Presidential Address. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists'
Club, 3, 119-139.

Mitchison, R. M. (1973) Dr Gilly' s plea for the cottager. History of the Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club, 39, 191-193.

Readers may recollect Milton's sonnet on the tribulations of

these Waldensian communities in the 17c:

ON THE LATE MASSACRE IN PIEMONT.

Avenge, O Lord! thy slaughtered saints, whose bones
Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold;

Even them who kept thy truth so pure of old.

When all our fathers worshipped stocks and stones.
Forget not; in thy book record their groans
Who were thy sheep, and in their ancient fold
Slain by the bloody Piemontese that rolled
Mother with infant down the rocks. Their moans
The vales redoubled to the hills, and they
To Heaven. Their martyred blood and ashes sow
O'er all the Italian fields, where still doth sway
The triple Tyrant; that from these may grow
A hundred fold, who, having learned thy way.

Early may fly the Babylonian woe.

W.H.R.L.

A GATEWAY ARCH

The pen-and-ink sketch of an arched gateway, by A. Connell,
which was reproduced in the last Part of the History (44, 112) as
an identification "Quiz", drew two responses - one that it is at
Spottiswoode, near Lauder, the other that it is the Gateway to St
Baldred's Monastery at Auldhame on the East Lothian coast,
near Tantallon Castle. The latter identification (at NT 603846)
made by Mrs E. H. Stawart of Berwick upon Tweed, is correct. I
have visited the site and Figure 1 shows a recent photograph
(March 1990) of the lintel and over-arch of the Gateway. The
Connell pen-and-ink sketch is seen to be very accurate except
that it omits the two trefoils that decorate the ends of the lintel.

I consulted Mr Nigel Tranter, as the authority on the fortified
house in Scotland, about the remains. He confirmed the identifi-
cation and added some observations of interest which I record
here by his permission:

The archway "is rather strangely situated in relation to the
ruins of the fortified house of Auldhame, the decorative front
facing inwards towards the castle, not outwards as one would
expect in a courtyard gateway. If, of course, this was earlier than
the late-16C castle, built on the site, or at least in the vicinity of
the previous religious establishment, then this gateway could nave
been the entrance to the latter. Yet it scarcely looks much earlier
work than the 16C."

"As to the priory itself, allegedly the first primitive establish-
ment was by St Baldred of the Bass (whose rocks, St Baldred's
Boat and St Baldred's Cradle, are features of the coast hereabouts).
He 'founded' the three parishes of Hamer (now Whitekirk), Tyn-
inghame, and Auldhame. Owing to the jealousy of these three, it
is alledged, that on his death, he managed to arrange to leave
three corpses, so that each parish should have one as a relic!" He
died in AD 606 (Binnie, 1969).

The date of establishment of the Priory is unknown, "but at
the Reformation, the church lands there were acquired by Sir
Adam Otterbum of Reidhall" (d. 1548), who was King's Advo-
cate (1524) in the reign of James V (1512-42), an Ambassador,
and later (1529) Lord Provost of Edinburgh. "He, in 1544, led the
citizens to resist, albeit unsuccessfully, one of the Earl of Hert-
ford's numerous invasions. He it was who, presumably as quite
an elderly man, built the present castle", whose "north-eastern

166

A GATEWAY ARCH

167

photographed March 1990 (WHRL).

168

A GATEWAY ARCH

face is still all but intact to the wallhead, badly ruined as is its
other front."

I am indebted, for direction and admission to the site, to Mr
Neil D. Knox of John R. Dale and Sons Ltd., the present owners.

W.H.R.L.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Binnie, G. A. (1969) The Bass Rock. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club , 38, 129-135.
Maxwell, W. D. (1968) St. Mary's Church, Whitekirk, East Lothian. History of the Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club , 38, 31-33.

Tranter, N. (1962) The Fortified House in Scotland. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.

OBITUARY - THOMAS DAVIDSON THOMSON
CMG, OBE, MA, LLB, FSAScot, FRPS

With the death on June 17 1989 of Mr T. D. Thomson the Club
lost a highly respected and distinguished member who, for 25
years, made a notable contribution to many of its activities.

Born on April 1 1911, Mr Thomson was educated at George
Watson's College, Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh University from
which he graduated in history and law. Following further study
at Magdalen College, Cambridge, and a brief period as Secretary
of the Scottish National Union of Students, he embarked on a
colonial career which progressed from his appointment in 1934
as a cadet in the Nyasaland Administration to that of Commis-
sioner for Social Development in 1955. During his time in Nyasa-
land he carried out a survey of Adult Education and organised
the Nyasaland Council of Social Service. His outstanding accom-
plishments were recognised by the awards of the OBE in 1959
and the CMG in 1962.

When he retired to Coldingham he lost no time in immersing
himself in the life and affairs of the local community, the Borders
as a whole, and, indeed, in the wider sphere of Scottish life,
serving a term as Chairman of the Scottish Community Develop-
ment Committee. The Eastern Border Development Association,
the Scottish Rights of Way Society, and the Berwickshire Council
of Social Service all benefited from his wide experience and keen
intellect. He also served as Vice-President of the Society of Anti-
quaries. A Chief Commissioner of Scouting when in Nyasaland,
Mr Thomson was appointed Scout County Commissioner of
Berwickshire in 1966.

When Community Councils were formed Mr Thomson's ac-
tive interest in Coldingham made him an obvious choice for mem-
bership of his local Council to which, through the years, he gave
generously of his time and energies. He also rendered immensely
worthwhile service to Coldingham Priory Church as Treasurer
for 20 years and also as a key figure in the archaeological dig in
the 60s and 70s which added significantly to the knowledge of
the Priory.

History, politics, sociology, archaeology, natural history - in
all of these, as in many other areas of life, Mr Thomson was
keenly interested and widely read. His well-stored mind was
much in evidence when he became BBC Radio Brain of Britain in
1969.

169

170

OBITUARY - T. D. THOMSON

The Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, which he joined in 1964,
had a special place in his life. He served it faithfully and well.
Appointed President in 1969, he took as the title of his memo-
rable address. The Postal History of Berwickshire. As Correspond-
ing Secretary and Editing Secretary of the Club History from 1974-
1985, he assisted with quiet efficiency the administration of the
Club and edited with distinction the Club History, contributing
himself a number of articles which revealed his breadth of knowl-
edge and his pawky sense of humour. During his time in these
several offices, the Club was enriched by his wise counsels.

Mr Thomson was an unpretentious man. His immense abili-
ties were kept well hidden behind a warm and friendly person-
ality. To a tribute to another past President, contributed to the
Club History during his editorship, Mr Thomson added the
postscript: 'Tie was a kindly man". This is a fitting epithet also
for himself, a highly gifted and warm-hearted gentleman to whose
widow, Mrs Kathleen Thomson, herself a Club member, we
extend our deep sympathy.

G.B.M.

FIELD NOTES AND RECORDS - 1989

The recording of natural history observations in the Borders is a
tradition going back to the first foundation of the Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club but has sometimes lapsed. In recent years there
has been a great increase in the importance of natural history
recording in the Borders, as an index of the effect of the relentless
erosion of natural habitats by man-made changes in agriculture
and forestry, as well as by such natural disasters as Dutch Elm
disease. The Editing Secretary and the Compilers wish to see that
the History , by publishing these observations each year, is
restored to its former importance as a record of these changes.
Observations are therefore solicited from members, who should
send them to either the Editing Secretary or to one of the
Compilers, for summary in the History each year.

Compilers: D. G. Long, Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh
EH3 5LR. C. O. Badenoch, Nature Conservancy Council, 38 Gala
Park, Galashiels TD1 1EU. A. Buckham, 9 Gorse Lane, Galashiels
TD1 2LY.

BOTANICAL

Bryophytes

Nomenclature follows Corley & Hill, Distribution of Bryophytes in
the British Isles (1981).

Mosses

Dicranodontium denudatum. On log in marshy woodland, Pickie
Moss, NT54, 4 March. New to vc81.

Dicranum tauricum. On fallen oak tree. Broad Wood,
Penmanshiel, NT78, 26 December. New to vc81, but has probably
spread from the Lothians where it is locally common.

Drepanocladus exannulatus var. rotae. In pool in boggy hollow,
Dowlaw Moss near Haud Yauds, NT86, 3 March. New to vc81.

171

172

FIELD NOTES AND RECORDS - 1989

Fissidens pusillus var. pusillus. Calcareous rock face, Dunglass
Dean above old bridge, NT77. Common on both Berwickshire
and East Lothian sides of ravine, 8 December. New to vc81.

Oligotrichum hercynicum. On track, near Red Score Burn, Kyles
Hill, NT75. Second record for vc81.

Plagionmium ellipticum. Flat boggy ground by Kippielaw Burn
near Longformacus, NT75, 14 May. New to vc81.

Plagiothecium curvifolium. On stump. Tower Dean below
railway, NT77, 3 March. New to vc81.

Plagiothecium laetum. On tree base in swampy Betula/Salix carr,
Pickie Moss, NT54, 4 March. New to vc81.

Ptilium crista-castrensis. In open pine plantation, Rachan Woods
near Drumelzier, NT13, vc78. A rare and threatened species in
the borders.

Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum. In poor fen, Pickie Moss, NT54,
vc81, 4 March. Previously considered extinct in Berwickshire.

Scorpidium scorpioides. In poor fenny pasture, Coldingham
Common, NT86, 3 March. Very rare and approaching extinction
in Berwickshire through drainage.

Thuidium philibertii. Calcareous grassland, Lintmill near
Greenlaw, NT74, 26 November; and below Foulden Newton,
NT95, 3 December. New to vc81.

Tortula brevis. On soil under trees, Tweed below Leaderfoot,
NT54, vc81, 6 May. A recently described species only known
from the Thames and Tweed basins.

Tortula subulata var. graeffii. On dry rock outcrops in gully on
sea cliffs, Earnsheugh, NT86, 8 December. New to vc81. This is
close to the old locality for the moss Neckera crispa , first discovered
by A. Jerdon in 1865, and subsequently reported by James Hardy
in 1868 and J. B. Duncan in 1924, and which still flourishes there.

Liverworts

Apometzgeria pubescens. On conglomerate outcrop, Langtonlees
Cleugh, NT75, vc81, 14 May. A new site for this rarity.

Calypogeia neesiana. On damp peat in recently-excavated
forestry ditch, source of Harecleugh Burn below Twinlaw, NT65,
2 July. New to vc81.

Chiloscyphus pallescens. In poor fen, Pickie Moss, NT54, 4
March. New to vc81.

Lejeunea lamacerina. On shady rocks in ravine. North Cleugh,
Penmanshiel, NT76, 26 December. Third record for vc81 for this
rare oceanic species.

Lophozia ventricosa var. silvicola. On shady wall at edge of Steel
Plantation, Kyles Hill, NT75, 5 June. New to vc81, but likely to be
widespread.

FIELD NOTES AND RECORDS - 1989

173

Plagiochila britannica. On bank of ditch in swampy Salix
woodland, Littledean Pond near Ayton, NT96, 19 February. New
to vc81.

Porella obtusata. Grassy rocky slope, above Mire Loch, St Abbs
Head, NT96, vc81, 6 December. A rare species in perhaps its only
Berwickshire locality.

Riccia subbifurca. On damp basic soil by Well Cleugh Burn.
NT75, 14 May. New to vc81. A rare species, formerly called R.
warnstorfii in Britain.

Vascular Plants

Nomenclature follows Clapham, Tutin & Moore, Flora of the
British Isles , 3rd ed. (1987).

Allium schoenoprasum. A single flowering plant naturalised on a
boulder by the Rule water below Bedrule, NT51, R. W.M. Corner.
New to vc80.

Callitriche hermaphroditica. Williestruther Loch, Hawick, NT41,
vc80, R. W. M. Corner. A local Border aquatic species.

Carex limosa. Peat bog, Brotherstone Hill NT63, 9 June, R. W.
M. Corner. First post-1930 record for vc81. A sedge of wet places
in peat bogs formerly known in two other Berwickshire bogs but
long extinct there through drainage.

Carex pendula. Ettrick Water above Lindean, NT43, 1988, E.
Middleton. Second record for vc80. Naturalised in quantity.

Genista anglica. Among heather, N side of Brotherstone Hill,
NT63, R. W. M. Corner. First post-1930 record for vc80. The last
Roxburgh record was from Gattonside Moor in 1890, where it is
now extinct.

Galeobdolon argentatum. On island at confluence of Ettrick and
Yarrow Waters, NT42, vc79, 1988, D. Methven, conf. A. McG.
Stirling. A well-naturalised colony confirming an old unlocalised
vice-county record for Selkirk.

Lonicera caprifolium. Two bushes at Philiphaugh, Yarrow,
NT42, 1988, A. Smith. New to vc79. Probably planted.

Milium effusum. Oak wood. North Cleugh, Penmanshiel
Wood, NT76, 22 July, M. E. Braithwaite. First post-1930 record for
vc81 . A woodland grass widespread in England but very rare in
Scotland.

Nymphoides peltata. Bowden Reservoir, NT53, first seen in 1986,
R. W. M. Corner. New to vc80, and unknown elsewhere in the
Borders. Flowered for the first time in 1989, when a "haze of
yellow" was reported by A. Smith. At 800 feet above sea-level this

174

FIELD NOTES AND RECORDS - 1989

will be the highest site in the British Isles. Probably an accidental
or deliberate introduction.

Oenanthe crocata. In marsh, by Rule Water below Bedrule,
NT51, vc80, R. W. M. Corner. A rare species in Roxburgh. This
may be the locality known to the Rev. J. Duncan 150 years ago.

Oxalis exilis. On pavement, Longformacus, NT65, 16

September, M. E. Braithwaite. Second record for vc81. A
yellow-flowered wood sorrel probably introduced as a weed with
garden plants.

Potamogetonfiliformis. Lady Moss, FaughhillMoor, NT53, R. W.
M. Corner, conf. C. D. Preston. Second record for vc80.

Potamogeton pectinatus. Williestruther Loch, Hawick, NT41,
vc80, R. W. M. Corner. A local species here occurring in
abundance. This population had previously been misidentified
as P. filiformis in a water-board report.

Ranunculus circinatus. Gravelly burn, Kettleshiel Burn NT65, 9
September, M. E. Braithwaite. Second extant locality in vc81.
One of the Water Crowfoots mainly restricted to southern Britain
and perhaps at the limit of its range in Berwickshire.

Rosa rubiginosa. Several bushes on old railway site at W end of
Galashiels, NT43, R. W. M. Corner, conf. G. G. Graham. First
localised record for vc79.

Tellima grandiflora. Steep bank of Tweed E of Littledean Tower,
NT63, R. W. M. Corner. Second record for vc80. A small
naturalised colony; it is vegetatively very similar to the more
commonly naturalised T. menziesii, but can be readily recognised
by its distinctive flowers.

D. G. Long.

A Note on the Plants of Primside Bog and
Linton Loch, Roxburghshire.

Primside Bog, a small area of mire separate from Yetholm Loch
and its mire, lying to the south of those, was visited in June 1989.
It was a favourite haunt of the Club last century and Andrew
Britherstone recorded such rarities as Carex limosa , Plantanthera
bifolia and Pyrola rotundifolia. These have unfortunately now all
disappeared, Carex limosa being last seen in 1906 by the Rev. J. J.
M. L. Aitken (H.B.N.C. 19:328, 1907). The brief visit, however,
showed that this small moss still has considerable botanical
interest. The central area surrounded by willows ( Salix
atrocinerea, S. aurita and S. pentandra) was dominated by the sedge

FIELD NOTES AND RECORDS - 1989

175

Carex lasiocarpa. Eriophorum vaginatum, Oxycoccus palustris, Salix
repens and Scutellaria galericulata were local, and in pools under
the willows Cicuta virosa was found. However the most
interesting species was the grass Catabrosa aquatica only known
from one other site in Roxburghshire.

Linton Loch, the site of Prof. A. M. Manion's quaternary
researches, was also visited and advantage taken of the dry
conditions. Two local species not mentioned in recent plant lists
were the umbellifers Berula erecta and Cicuta virosa. They were
both generally distributed in the wetter parts. The former
appeared to have been grazed by roe deer which were disturbed
in the moss.

R. W. M. Corner.

ENTOMOLOGICAL

Coldingham Moor, 17.8.89. Observed:

Diptera, Syrphidae (Hover flies) - Platycheirus clypealis
(Meigen), Metasyrphus luniger (Meigen); Scaeva pyrastri (L.)

Lepidoptera - Cynthia cardui (Painted Lady); on grass patch
among heather. Cupido minimus (Small Blue); during the hot
weather of May/June 1989 much of the vetch (Vida sp.), which is
its larval food plant, was desiccated by the heat so that there were
fears for the survival of this species.

The Hirsel, 13.5.90 Observed:

Lepidoptera - Anthocaris cardamines (Orange-tip); large
numbers, the males very obvious in flight by their orange
wing-tips, the females less so, but observed depositing ova on
Jack-by-the-Hedge ( Alliaria officinalis ).

Diptera - Bibio card (St Mark's fly); swarms, the males with
clear, the females, with clouded, wings.

A. Buckham.

A Red Underwing Moth ( Catocala nupta ) was observed at
Chirnside in June, 1989.

M. Henderson.

ORNITHOLOGICAL

Whooper Swans

The use of the old tile works ponds at Broomdykes by the small
flock of wintering Whooper Swans ( Cygnus cygnus) has

176

FIELD NOTES AND RECORDS - 1989

continued, much to everyone's relief, through the winter ol
1989-90. This is despite the fact that there was substantia]
regrading and clearance of the Cabby Burn. Although the water
table was lowered, helped in part by the dry season, around 4C
birds used the ponds as a resting and roosting area, over winter.
There were around 5-7 immature birds and juveniles. None
appeared to be either leg-ringed or collar-ringed; which leads to
speculation about their origins. The flock appears to be quite
separate from the much larger groups at Wark (Cornhill) and
Nisbet (Teviot), but it does seem to move throughout the lower
Blackadder and Whitadder basins. They have been seen as far
west as Swinton, and so almost overlap with the Wark group
which feeds to Ruthven and Swinton Mill. It would be interesting
to know from people round Allanton for how long this flock has
been coming to the area. They are often attended by a smallish
group of Pinkfooted Geese, which occasionally roost on the
Whiteadder, and may be part of the Coldingham Moor roost.
They tend to feed around Reston and in the fields abutting the old
Billie Mire.

C. O. Badenoch.

Magpies

A general influx of magpies to the Borders from Northumberland
has been noted during 1988 and 1989 along the coastal strip
around Lamberton and Burnmouth and Ayton, as well as further
west, outside the Club area at Oxnam, Saughtree and Dod. Jus!
why this expansion should be taking place is not clear. They are
bonny birds, but they are rapacious predators of eggs and chicks
and are unlikely to endear themselves to local game managers; or
to birdwatchers!

C. O. Badenoch.

General

Herring Gull. Fast Castle, 2.6.89 - four ringed, breeding, birds
seen were identified, thanks to Dr J. Coulson of the University ol
Durham, as originating as follows:

Female - ringed as a chick. Isle of May, 1974; also Coxhoe, Co.
Durham, 19.1.84.

Female - ringed as an adult, Wingate, Co. Durham, 24.7.79.
Male - ringed as an adult, Coxhoe, Co. Durham, 11.10.79.
Sex? - ringed as a chick, 1982, Forth Islands.

FIELD NOTES AND RECORDS - 1989

177

Other species observed were:

Cormorant. Fast Castle to Pease Bay, 27.5.89 - 56 nests. 78
birds.

Shag. Brander to Pease Bay, 27.5.89 - 258 nests, 373 birds.

Shelduck. Dowlaw, 22.4.89, 27.5.89 - A pair on both dates.

Widgeon. Dowlaw, 22.20.89 - 55 birds.

Gadwall. Dowlaw, 7.5.89 - 1 male, 1 female.

Teal. Hule Moss, 2.11.89 - 419 birds. Dowlaw, 9.11.89 - 55
birds.

Mallard. Hule Moss, 2.11.89 -75 birds.

Pintail. Dowlaw, 22.4.89- 1 male, 1 female.

Shoveler. Miller's Moss, St Abb's, 22.10.89 - 1 male, 1 female.
Hule Moss, 2.11.89-7 birds.

Tufted Duck. Miller's Moss, St Abb.'s, 22.10.89 - 111 birds.

Eider Duck. Brander to Greenstane Rock, Fast Castle - 62 birds.

Ruddy Duck (Oxyuris jamaicensis) . Bemersyde, 17.4.89-1 male,

1 female.

Peregrine. Fast Castle, 30.12.89 - 2 birds.

Quail. East of Dowlaw Dean, 2.6.89-1 bird calling.

Coot. Mire Loch, 22.10.89 - 34 birds; West Loch, Coldingham,
22.10.89 -55 birds.

Redshank. Burnmouth, 16.4.89 - 28 birds.

Turnstone. Burnmouth, 16.4.89 - 18 birds.

Puffin. Fast Castle, 27.5.89 - 10 birds.

Hooded Crow. Dowlaw, 30.12.89 - 1 bird.

R. McBeath.

Marsh Tit. The Hirsel, Coldstream, 13.5.89 - 2 birds seen, one
collecting moss from the trunk of a sycamore; the species is
widely, but sparsely, distributed in suitable habitats in
Berwickshire.

A. Buckham.

FIELD SECRETARIES' REPORT - SEASON 1989

17 May, Wednesday. VINDOLANDA. For this, the first meet-
ing of the season, at Chesterholme on Hadrian's Wall, the weather
was pleasant, with sunny spells. The turnout was surprisingly
good, considering the distance involved. Mr and Mrs Birley of
the Vindolanda Trust welcomed the members. They are experts
on the Roman Wall. Mrs Birley gave a most graphic and fascinat-
ing tour of, and talk about, the site. Vindolanda, being an area of
natural springs and thus with a continuously wet subsoil has
favoured the preservation of leather. A large collection of leather
and other objects found at the site are exhibited in the Vindol-
anda Museum. The Museum, and a Tea Room, are in beautifully
landscaped gardens in the valley of a river (the Brackies Bum).

8 June, Thursday, (Extra Meeting) GALASHIELS. This was ar-
ranged and led by Chris Badenoch, our Field Specialist. It took

Elace in sunny weather and with a very good turn-out of Mem-
ers. The area, highly unusually for a nature sanctuary, is iso-
lated within Tweedbank housing estate, but nevertheless shows
a remarkable range of wildlife, both resident and visiting. Chris
Badenoch was a most interesting guide and the visit was much
appreciated by the Members - many of whom were first-time
visitors to the site.

15 June, Thursday. THE DRUM AND DUDDINGSTON. The
Drum is a mansion between Dalkeith and Edinburgh. The origi-
nal house was built in 1485 but the beautiful building we see
now is largely the the work of William Adam, the "Master" of
300 years ago. This being Adam's tercentenary year, a large group
of members (approx 120), met to celebrate at this, his "first com-
mission" triumph. Mrs More Nisbett gave a most interesting talk
- pointing out the very exceptional plasterwork of Adam's time.
Mrs More Nisbett also maintains, in the grounds, an important
centre for "Riding for the Disabled".

The Qub continued the day to Duddingston Village, meeting
at the Kirk where The Rev. W. Ramsay welcomed the members
and Mr D. Burns outlined the history of the church and village.

Afterwards members met Mr C. McLean, Convener of Dud-
dingston Loch Wildlife Trust, who gave a talk, much enjoyed, on
the wildlife and work at the reserve.

We then visited the garden of a retired medical couple. Dr
Jardine Neil and his wife. The Doctors Neil have made, from
scratch more or less, a marvellous "all seasons" terraced garden

178

FIELD SECRETARIES' REPORT - SEASON 1989

179

overlooking the Loch and beside the Manse and Kirk; a beautiful
and peaceful place. The day was most happily ended by the
wonderful tea provided by the ladies of the Kirk Guild. There
was a large turn out of members, on a really lovely sunny day.

18 July, Wednesday. PRESTON PANS, EAST LOTHIAN. This,
also, was a hot and sunny day and a large number of members
attended. The Club met at the Parish Church, built in 1596 on a
very ancient site overlooking the Firth of Forth. The minister, the
Rev. Moira Herkes, B.D., was unfortunately on holiday but her
place was ably filled by Mr Walter Thomson who gave a valu-
able talk on the history of the church and the area.

Preston Tower was then visited and Mr Schomberg Scott gave
a talk on this 15th century building; which was explored inside
by the brave and agile! The surrounding gardens made a pleas-
ant area for the Club picnic luncheon.

This was followed by a tour of the ancient house and garden
of Mr & Mrs Schomberg Scott - Northfield House. Again we met
with great kindness and were conducted on most informative
tours of the house by our hosts. A beautiful, unspoiled, Scottish
home and garden.

The day ended with a brief visit to Prestongrange Mining Mu-
seum with its history of 800 years of coal in the Lothians. Tea
was taken in the Eskdale Hotel in Musselburgh.

17 August, Thursday SOUTRA AISLE HOSPICE, KEITH
MARISCHAL and CAKEMUIR CASTLE. Dr Brian Moffat gave
a riveting talk on the archaeological work he has done at Soutra
Aisle and on the fascinating medical implications resulting. This
meeting was a "highlight" of our Club year and the huge gath-
ering of members was evidence of that. The weather, as always
on Soutra Hill, was blustery but did not deter.

We next visited the unique mansion of Keith Marischal, cele-
brating its 4th century of existence this year. Mr & Mrs A. Mat-
thew very kindly showed the very large group round their an-
cient and little known home. Parking here was not exactly as the
A.A. or R.A.C. would have had it!

The day ended with a visit to Cakemuir Castle. This little known
and documented, ancient fortalice is traditionally associated with
the monks at Soutra Aisle. Travellers, by the old tale, could take
Cake (oat cake) and Ale here - hence the name? Mr M. M. Scott
kindly received the visitors.

Tea was taken at the Foresters, Pathhead.

13 September, Wednesday. HILLSLAP TOWER, CAROLSIDE
HOUSE and COWDENKNOWES. Hillslap Tower, in Glendearg
near Galashiels, after many years of neglect, has now been reno-

180

FIELD SECRETARIES' REPORT - SEASON 1989

vated by the owner, Philip Mercer, B.Arch., A.R.I.B.A. This is a
very fine architectural effort; the medieval building has been
preserved and converted into a comfortable and beautiful home.
Mr Mercer, and Mr J. Haig Douglas, the owner of the adjacent
land, gave the Club most interesting talks on the building and
recent work.

Carolside House, a mile or so northwest of Earlston, was next
visited and a picnic luncheon taken in the beautiful grounds. Mr
& Mrs Dupuch gave the Club a warm welcome and conducted
pleasant tours or the house. The house is Regency in part, per-
haps having earlier features. The oval garden was admired. Again
much kindness was shown to the Club as so often happens.

Lastly, still in the vicinity of Earlston, Cowdenknowes and its
very ancient tower were visited, by permission of the owner.
Miss Bums. An interesting and lively talk was given by Miss
Bums' nephew Mr Francis Peto.

A very good tea was served to members at the Rhymer's Tower
Coffee Shop, Earlston, during which Mrs Ina Poison entertained
the company with tales of "True Thomas."

Again a Large group of members attended, about 140. The
weather was "mixed".

The numbers attending meetings this season have been consis-
tently high; so we think that members have enjoyed coming to
them. The weather has, also, generally been kind.

D. and L. Mackenzie Robertson

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181

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN - 1989

Miss M. H. Simpson resigned from the post of Librarian and Miss
Jean Trimmer kindly agreed to fill the post. Unfortunately, before
she could fully take over, changed domestic circumstances meant
that she had to withdraw. The Club's thanks are due to Miss
Simpson for all the work she has done since her appointment in
1982; and to Miss Trimmer for being willing to take over.

The Council has invited Dr G. A. C. Binnie, Ladykirk, Norham,
Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1XL (Tel. 0289 82201) to take over the
duties of Librarian in anticipation of ratification of his
appointment at the Club's Annual Meeting in October 1990.
1990.

Club members are reminded that the Club has an extensive
library which is held in the Berwick Museum. Access is available
by Membership cards obtainable from the Librarian. The Curator
of Berwick Museum should be contacted (Tel. 0289 330933) to
confirm times when the Library can be consulted.

New material on the Club's area of interest is constantly being
published and the Librarian would value being informed of
suitable titles to be acquired by the Club Library, either by
purchase; or preferably by gift! This applies also to information
leaflets and booklets produced privately by the various local
societies in the towns and villages in our area. The Librarian will
not mind if there is duplication of information or gifts.

Unwanted copies of the Club's History are always welcome;
gifts of copies are much appreciated. The Club bought at auction,
for £235, 11 bound volumes of the History dated from 1863 to 1895
inclusive for the use of the Editing Secretary; this was negotiated
by Mr & Mrs Mackenzie Robertson.

The Club exchanges its History for the journals of some other
learned societies; their publications often contain papers relevant
to our area. The four references cited below give some idea of the
range of material available in such journals held in the Club
Library:

REFERENCES

Briggs, G. W. D. (1989) The Church of the Holy Trinity, Widdrington.
Archaeologica Aeliana, 17, 79-91.

Hawkes, J. (1989) The miracle scene on the Rothbury Cross shaft. Archaeologica
Aeliana , 17, 207-211.

Sheriff, J. R. (1989) Pit alignment and earthworks between Marygold Plantation
and Drakemire, Berwickshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,
118, 111-129.

Good, G. L., and Tabraham, C. J. (1989) Excavation at Smailholm Tower,
Roxburghshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 118, 231-266.

182

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN - 1989

183

Interesting additions to the Library in the last year were:
Bowes, E., In a Strong Light. A biography of Thomas Sword Good,
R.A. Craw, J., a collection of papers relating to Berwickshire.
Moffat, B., and Fulton, J. (Eds.) Sharp Practice, I and II; Soutra
Aisle Excavations. Sproule, B. J. Coldstream Cottage Hospital - One
Hundred Years. Walker, J., A Wake for the Salmon. A photographic
record of net fishing on the Tweed.

LIBRARIAN'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR YEAR ENDED 27
OCTOBER 1989

INCOME

EXPENDITURE

£

£

Opening Balance

811.00 Postage

16.29

Sales of the History

20.00 Stationery

7.82

Interest

48.79 Photocopies

30.00

Books

16.50

Balance fwd

809.18

Totals

879.79

879.79

LIST OF MEMBERS

(1 January 1990)

‘Those marked with an Asterisk are Past presidents

Date of
Admission

LIFE MEMBERS

Cockbum, Mr J. W. , Heriot Water, Cockbumspath TD13 5YH 1925

Craw, Mr H. A., Greenways, Sutton Place, Abinger Hammer, Surrey 1933

* Elliott, Mr W. R, 32 Victoria Street, Aberdeen 1936

Frnnie, Rev. J. I. C, 6 Horseleys Park, St Andrews, Fife 1953

Forster, Mr C. P., Burradon, Thropton, Morpeth NE65 7HF 1934

* Hood, Mr J., Cove Farmhouse, Cove, Cockbumspath TD13 5XD 1932

*Middlemas, Mr R J., The Old Rectory, Howick, Alnwick NE66 3LE 1928

Pape, Miss D. C., Ubbanford Bank Cottage, Norham TD15 2JZ 1933

Pate, Mrs O. E., Horseupdeugh, Longformacus, Duns TD11 2PF 1928

Purves, Mr T., 18 Castle Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NP 1923

Stoddart, Miss S. G., Mill Valley, Ayton, Eyemouth 1982

HONORARY MEMBER

Cramp, Dr Rosemary, Department of Archaeology, University of Durham,

46 Saddler Street, Durham DH1 3NO 1958

CORRESPONDING MEMBER

*Long, Dr A. G., 33 Windsor Crescent, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NT 1955

ASSOCIATE MEMBER

Warm an, Mr S. R., The Homestead, Porthkra, Truro, Cornwall TR3 6AL 1981

ORDINARY MEMBERS

Abemethy, Mr L, 47 Main Street, Heiton, Kelso TD5 8JR 1988

Addison, Mrs O. S., 50a Tweed Street, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NG 1964

Airey, Sir Lawrence, Lions House, The Walls, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1JG 1986

Airey, Lady, Lions House, The Walls, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1JG 1986

Aitchison, Mr Henry A., Lochton, Coldstream TD12 4NH 1946

Aitchison, Miss S., Spindlestone, Belford NE70 7ED 1982

Aitken, Mrs H. M. W., Royal Bank House, 11 Market Square, Duns TD11 3BZ 1989

Alison, Mr A. S., Midway, Weddels Lane, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HG 1986

Alison, Mrs A. S., Midway, Weddels Lane, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HG 1986

Allan, Mrs S., 76a Church Street, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1DU 1989

Anderson, Mr W. G., 29 Ladywell Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2AF 1984

Anderson, Mrs W. G., 29 Ladywell Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2AF 1984

Ashby, Mr B. E., Sixpenny Jacks, Yetholm, Kelso TD5 8RU 1989

Ashby, Mrs B. A., Sixpenny Jacks, Yetholm, Kelso TD5 8RU 1989

Askew, Major J. M„ Lady kirk House, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1SU 1958

Aungier, Mrs E., 25 Castle Drive, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 INS 1989

184

LIST OF MEMBERS

185

Auld, Dr B., 1 Whitemire Cottage, Whitemire, Duns TD11 3PY 1986

Ayre, Mrs V. H., Marshall Meadows, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1UT 1959

Baden och, Mr C O., c/o Nature Conservancy Council, 12 Hope Terrace, Edinburgh
EH9 2AS 1980

Baillie, Mr R G. S., The Old Manse, Gavin ton. Duns TD11 3QT 1987

Bainbridge, Mr J. W., 10 Castle Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NP 1981

Barber, Mr Anthony O., Newham Hall, Cha thill NE67 5JZ 1953

Barrett, Mr B. W., 130 Main Street, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2AW 1988
Barrett, Mrs B. W., 130 Main Street, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2AW 1988
Batters, Mrs M., Hill crest, Homcliffe, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2XS 1986

Begg, Mr M. A., Bam green, 8 The Yeth, Kirk Yetholm, Kelso TD5 8PL 1989

Begg, Mrs M. A., Bam green, 8 The Yeth, Kirk Yetholm, Kelso TD5 8PL 1989

*Binnie, Dr G. A. C., Ladykirk, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1XL 1965

Binnie, Mrs G. A. C, Ladykirk, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1XL 1965

Birrell, Mrs E E., 3 Beverley Close, Brunton Park, Gosiorth, Newcastle upon Tyne
NE3 5NU 1988

Bladde, Mr L, 51 Ingleside Road, North Shields NE29 9PB 1979

Blair, Miss A. L Hunter, 20 Qeet Court, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HH 1957

Blake, Sir Michael, Dower House, Tillmouth, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UR 1988

Blench, Dr J. W., 23 Geoffrey Avenue, Nevilles Cross, Co. Durham 1976

Bond, Miss Mary G., Inch Park, Kelso TD5 7EQ 1984

Booth, Mr W. H., Athens Wood, The Hirsel, Coldstream TD12 4LT 1989

Booth, Mrs E. M., Athens Wood, The Hirsel, Coldstream TD12 4LT 1989

Boston, Miss Isobel Y., 16 Low Greens, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1LZ 1984

Bowes, Mrs N. B., 1 Windsor Crescent, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NT 1978

Braithwaite, Mr M. E, Clarilaw, Hawick TD9 8PT 1978

Brodie, Mrs M. B., 45c Woolmarket, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1DH 1989

Brown, Mrs Edith, 31 Westfield Road, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1PT 1986

Brown, Dr J. A. H., Delgany, Old Cambus, Cockbumspath TD13 5YS 1988

Brown, Mrs J. A. H., Delgany, Old Cambus, Cockbumspath TD13 5YS 1988

Brown, Mr R. Lamont, 2 Crawford House, 132 North Street, St Andrews KY16 9AF 1970
Brunton, Mr A. G., The Lees, Homcliffe, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2XN 1989

Brunton, Mrs A. G., The Lees, Homcliffe, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2XN 1989

Buckham Mr A., 9 Corse Lane, Langlee, Galashiels TD1 2LY 1979

Buglass, Miss E. T., 15 Railway Street, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 INF 1965

Bums, Mrs Kate A., The Coach House, Duns TDll 3NW 1984

Bums, Miss N. D., 4 Tintagel House, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1AP 1956

Burton, Rev. G. R W., Harelawside, Grantshouse TD11 3RP 1989

Burton, Mrs G. R. W., Harelawside, Grantshouse TDll 3RP 1989

Bush, Mrs P. M. E, Wilton Cottage, Chimside TDll 3XR 1976

Campbell, Mrs Diana, Newtonlees, Kelso TD5 7SZ 1986

Cartwright, Rev. A. C. D., The Manse, Swinton, Duns TDll 3JJ 1986

Cartwright, Mrs M. E L., The Manse, Swinton, Duns TDll 3JJ 1989

Cato, Mr B. H, 46 Bemersyde Drive, Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 2HJ 1988

Cato, Mrs B. E, 46 Bemersyde Drive, Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 2HJ 1988

Charters, Mrs J. V., 4 Plenderleith Court, Kelso TD5 7DF 1986

Chicken, Mrs Joan, 9 Carrick Close, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 INS 1987

Clark, Mrs Lily E, 15 Crookham Village, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4SX 1986

* Cleat, Mr L. H., Red brae, Gavinton, Duns TDll 3QT 1982

Clements, Dr E M. B., 16 South Lane, Seahouses NE68 7UN 1979

Clements, Dr M., 16 South Lane, Seahouses NE68 7UN 1979

Collins, Mr Geoffrey H., Border View, Birgham, Coldstream TD12 4NE 1988

Cormack, Mrs J., Tweed ford, Abbotsford Grove, Kelso TD5 7BN 1983

Comer, Dr R. M., Hawthorn Hill, 36 Wordsworth Street, Penrith, Cumbria 1925

Cowe, Mr F. M., 10 Ravensdowne, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HX 1958

Cowe, Mr R P., Causeway Bank, Chimside TDll 3LF 1975

Cowen, Miss M. C., 29 Castle Drive, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NR 1978

Cowper, Mr Robert 43 Osborne Road, Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 2AH 1963
Cuming, Mrs Margaret M., 19 Ainslie Terrace, Duns TDll 3HE 1987

Curry, Miss R I., 7 Riverdene, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2HQ 1974

186

LIST OF MEMBERS

Cuthbertson, Mrs M. I., 32 Greenwood, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2EB 1988

Daniels, Mr J. M., Garden House, Lowick, Berwick upon Tweed 1987

Darling, Mr J., Broadhaugh Farm, Chimside TD11 3JX 1989

Darling, Mrs J., Broadhaugh Farm, Chimside TD11 3JX 1989

Davidson, Mr T. F., Horseley, Reston TD14 5LW 1978

Davidson, Mrs T. F., Horseley, Reston TD14 5LW 1959

Day, Mr H. B., 52 Mountbell Road, Stanmore, Middlesex 1971

Davis, Mr P., 23 Castle Drive, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 INS 1989

Davis, Mrs E. O., 23 Castle Drive, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 INS 1989

De Clermont, Mrs Elizabeth, Morris Hall, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2JV 1987
Dewar, Mr D., 2 Viewpark, Reston, Eyemouth TD14 5JX 1987

Dewar, Mrs FL M., 2 Viewpark, Reston, Eyemouth TD14 5JX 1987

Dobie, Mrs H. D. J., Abbey St Bathans, Berwickshire 1983

Dods, Mrs M. I., 39 Church Street, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1EE 1958

Doughty, Mr R. M, Borough Museum, The Barracks, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 1BT 1985

Drysdale, Mrs F. E. S., Gimall, Old C ambus, East Mains, Cockbumspath
TD13 5VS 1965

Dudgeon, Mrs E., Lickar Moor Farm, Bowsden, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2TG 1963
Dudgeon, Mrs P. M., Cherry Trees, East Ord, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2NS 1954

Dupuch, Mr A., Carolside, Earlston TD4 6AL 1989

Dupuch, Mrs A. M., Carolside, Earlston TD4 6AL 1989

Dykes, Mrs M. E, Cambuslea, Cockbumspath TD13 5YR 1955

Edgar, Mrs E A., Chaldon, Coldingham, Berwickshire 1974

Edgar, Mr O. A., Lyndene, Todlaw Road, Duns TD11 3HT 1980

Edgar, Mrs O. A., Lyndene, Todlaw Road, Duns TD11 3HT 1983

Edie, Mr H. H., Stoneshiel Hall, Reston TD14 5LU 1987

* Elliot, Lady, 39 Inverleith Place, Edinburgh EH3 5QD 1964

Elliott, Mr T., Oxendean Bum, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UW 1979

Elliott, Mrs T., Oxendean Bum, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UW 1979

Evans, Capt. J., Makore, North bum View, Eyemouth TD14 5ER 1986

Evans, Miss M, 12 Carrick Qose, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1PQ 1976

Fairfield, Mrs J. E T., 8 Castle Drive, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 INS 1985

Fanner, Mrs R., The Smithy, Allanton, Duns TD11 3LA 1982

Ferguson, Mrs Muriel, Castle Hills Farm, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1PB 1984

Helden, Lady, Eden Water House, Ednam, Kelso TD5 7QL 1987

Fisher, Mr J. H., Fell House, St Aidans, Seahouses NE68 7SR 1977

Fisher, Mrs J. FL, Fell House, St Aidans, Seahouses NE68 7SR 1977

Foley, Fit Lieut M, The Lodge, Hardens Hill, Duns TD11 3NS 1965

Foley, Mrs M., The Lodge, Flardens FULL Duns TD11 3NS 1963

Forster, Mr C J. A., 160 Sheen Court, Richmond, Surrey TW10 5DQ 1968

Forster, Mr J. M., 9 Quay Walls, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HB 1989

Forster, Mrs M. C., 9 Quay Walls, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HB 1989

* Furness, Lt CoL S. J., Netherbyres, Eyemouth TD14 5SE 1980

Gibson, Mrs C. G., 33 Low Greens, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1LZ 1985

Gibson, Dr J. A., Foremount House, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire 1974

Qass, Mrs A. M., RobinhilL 2 Lennel Road, Coldstream TD12 4AX 1981

Qenton, Mrs J. L., Rat 19, Homeforth House, Main Street, Gosforth, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE3 4AD 1980

Gordon, Mrs A. C, Bell Flill House, Northfield Farm, St Abbs, Eyemouth
TD14 5QF 1989

Gourlay, Mr Roy FL, Hound wood House, Reston TD14 5TW 1985

Gourlay, Mrs Roy H., Houndwood House, Reston TD14 5TW 1985

* Grainger, Mr D. I. Liddell, Ayton Castle, Ayton TD14 5RD 1956

Grant, Dr D. F., Warlawbank Cottage, Reston, Eyemouth TD14 5LW 1984

Grant, Mrs D. F., Warlawbank Cottage, Reston, Eyemouth TDM 5LW 1984

LIST OF MEMBERS 187

Gray, Mrs C. J., Grey Gordon, 34 St Aidans, Seahouses NE68 7SR 1957

Greene, Mr E., The Moorings, St Abbs, Berwickshire 1981

Greene, Mrs E., The Moorings, St Abbs, Berwickshire 1981

Grey, Mrs D. M., Qxendean Bum, Cornhill TD12 4UW 1%0

Grieve, Mrs A., 157 Etal Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2DU 1989

Haddington, Earl of, Mellerstain, Gordon TD3 6LG 1978

Hall, Mrs M., Long Acre, North Lane, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2NS 1989
Hamilton, Rev. R, Dalbiac Cottage, Hermitage Lane, Kelso TD5 7AN 1982

Hardy, Dr F. G., 11 Windsor Avenue, South Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne
NE3 IPS 1980

Harmar, Mrs M. M., Berwick House, Bridge Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 1AW 1983

Hay, Mrs A., Duns Castle, Duns TD11 3NW 1986

Hay, Mr E., Ramsheugh, Cockbumspath TD13 5XE 1980

Henderson, Mrs Helen N. C, Oranmore, East End, Chimside, Duns TD11 3VG 1985

Henderson, Mrs J., Caim-na Cuheen, Waterloo Park, Chimside TD11 3XH 1957

Henderson, Mrs Pamela C, Glen Cottage, Wark, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4RH 1984
Hendry, Mr P. G., 44 Craigleith View, Edinburgh EH4 3JY 1972

Hepple, Mr J. R, The Manse, Crookham, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UE 1983

Hepple, Mrs J. R, The Manse, Crookham, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UE 1983

Hodgson, Mr T. T., Tillmouth House, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UR 1981

Hogg, Mrs K. S., Chester Cottage, 17 Edgehead Road, Pathhead EH37 5RL 1982

Holliday, Mrs J. G, 95 Newfields, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1SL 1988

Hood, Mrs J., Cove Farmhouse, Cove, Cockbumspath TD13 5XD 1982

Hood, Mrs M. S., Flat 19, 18 Lauder Road, Edinburgh 9 1970

Hood, T., 26 Eyre Crescent, Edinburgh EH3 5EU 1937

Hugonin, Mrs R E., 53 Newtown Street, Duns TD11 3AU 1977

Humphrys, Mr J. L., Langton School, Gavinton, Duns TD11 3QT 1988

Humphrys, Mrs M. I., Langton School, Gavinton, Duns TD11 3QT 1988

Hutcheson, Mrs Edna, Courthill, Kelso TD5 7RU 1987

Jackson, Mrs E. M., Bowsden Hall, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2TN 1988

Jackson, Mrs P., Shoreswood, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2NQ 1980

Jeffrey, Miss R M., 1 Riverview Park, Spittal, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1QR 1989

Jeffrey, Miss J., 10 Wesley Square, Lancaster Road, London 1983

•Jeffries, Mr H. D., Alwinton, 41 Castle Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NZ 1975
Joicey, Right Hon. Lord, Etal Manor, Berwick upon Tweed TD12 4TW 1983

Keeble, Mr R H. M., 4 St Cuthberts Cottage, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UP 1987

Keeble, Mrs I. M., 4 St Cuthberts Cottage, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4UP 1987

Kempe, Dr D. R. C., Hermitage Cottage, Fowberry, Wooler 1989

Laidlaw, Dr J., Courtbum House, Coldingham 1985

Laidlaw, Mrs J., Courtbum House, Coldingham 1985

Leslie, Major D., 2 Garden Terrace, Dunstan, Craster, Alnwick NE66 3TD 1976

Leslie, Mrs D., 2 Garden Terrace, Dunstan, Craster, Alnwick NE66 3TD 1976

Lindores, Mrs J. G„ 84 Castlegate, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1JT 1984

Lister, Miss Ruth, 14 Silver Street, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HU 1984

Lloyd, Mrs M. S., 7 Tower bum, Denholm, Hawick TD9 8TB 1988

Logan, Mr George, Way to Wooler, Wooler NE71 6AQ 1985

Logan, Mrs, Way to Wooler, Wooler NE71 6AQ 1985

Long, Mr D. G., MacGill Cottage, Ford, Pathhead EH37 5RE 1989

Lough, Mr F. B., Tweedsyde 15 Castle Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NR 1986

Lough, Mrs F. B., Tweedsyde 15 Castle Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NR 1986

Lumsden, Prof. W. R R., 16a Merchiston Crescent, Edinburgh EH10 5AX 1975

Lumsden, Mrs P. K., 16a Merchiston Crescent, Edinburgh EH10 5AX 1981

* Lusk, Rev. J. C., 26 Ochlochy Park, Dunblane FK15 0DU 1970

McCrea, Ms. Anne L. H., Tweedbank, Kelso 1986

McOeath, Miss A., The Shieling, Comhill Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon
Tweed TD15 2DY 1973

188

LIST OF MEMBERS

McCreath, Mr G. C., The Hollies, Homcliffe, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1TE 1988

McCreath, Mrs M. C. H.., The Hollies, Homcliffe, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1TE 1958

McCreath, Mrs H. G., The Old Farmhouse, Castle Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed 1963

McCreath Mrs R, Learig, High Street, Ayton, Eyemouth TD14 5QR 1989

McCulloch Mrs Marjorie L., The Coach House, Manorhill, Selkirk TD7 5LS 1984

McDougal Mr J. L, Blythe, Lauder TD2 6SJ 1950

McDougal Mrs J. L., Blythe, Lauder TD2 6SJ 1958

*McEwen, Lady, Marchmont, Greenlaw TD10 6YL 1966

McGregor, Mrs C. A., The Manse, Lauder TD2 6QL 1983

Mackay, Rev. H., The Manse, Duns 1971

McKinley, Mrs H. P., Marmion Cottage, 70 Castle Street, Norham, Berwick upon
Tweed TD15 2LQ 1983

MacKinnon, Mrs A. C., Craigie Lodge, Longformacus, Duns TD11 3PE 1986

McLean Mrs J., West Cottage, Swinton, Duns TD11 3HY 1976

McLelland, Mr R. D. R., Wester Housebyres, Melrose TD6 9BW 1989

McLelland, Mrs E., Wester Housebyres, Melrose TD6 9BW 1989

Macari, Miss D., 7 Railway Street, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 INF 1983

Machin, Mrs L. F., Rosybank House, Coldstream TD12 4AZ 1986

Majoribanks, Cdr J. B., Homdean Bank, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1XY 1986

Martin, Mrs M., 17 North Road, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1PW 1985

Martin, Miss Patricia, William and Matilda Cottage, Tofts Lane, Homcliffe,

Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2XR 1984

Mayland, Mr F. W., Victoria Villa, Main Street, Reston TD14 5JS 1989

Maxwell, Mr S., 16 Dick Place, Edinburgh EH9 2JL 1970

Meikle, Dr M., The Pines, Hill Road, Gullane EH31 2BE 1981

Meikle, Mrs R, The Pines, Hill Road, Gullane EH31 2BE 1978

Mercer, Mrs C, 2 Trinity Park, Duns TDll 3HN 1989

Middlemas, Mrs R J., The Old Rectory, Howick, Alnwick NE66 3LE 1951

Millard, Mrs E. E., 4 College Place, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 IDA 1971

* Millican, Mr G. B., Greenwood Lodge, Ayton, Eyemouth TD14 5QY 1979

Millican, Mrs G. B., Greenwood Lodge, Ayton, Eyemouth TD14 5QY 1967

Mitchell, Mr A. D., Woodville, Gavin ton. Duns TDll 3QT 1974

Mitchell, Dr L. I. S., Woodville, Ga vinton. Duns TDll 3QT 1974

Mitchell, Mrs M., Endrigg, Paxton, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1TE 1957

Moore, Mr W. H., 14 Tenterhill, Wooler NE71 6DQ 1968

Moore, Mrs M. J., 14 Tenterhill, Wooler NE71 6DQ 1988

Morrison, Mrs G., Moss Park, West Morriston, Earlston TD4 6AZ 1978

Morse, Mr D., The Old Vicarage, Doddington, Wooler NE71 6AL 1982

Morse, Mrs D., The Old Vicarage, Doddington, Wooler NE71 6AL 1982

Mortimer, Mr Barry, South Bank, High Street, Ayton TD14 5QW 1984

Mosgrove, Mrs E., 1 Paxton Road, Beiwick upon Tweed TD15 1PF 1965

Mylne, Mr J. D. L., Sunnyside, Hutton, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 ITS 1986

Nichol, Mr R, The Old Smithy, Cockbumspath TD13 5YE 1978

Ogilvie, Mrs R M. E., Chesters, Ancrum, Jedburgh TD8 6UL 1960

O'Grady, Mr T., Linnaea, Coldstream TD12 4DR 1980

O' Grady, Mrs T., Linnaea, Coldstream TD12 4DR 1980

Osborne, Mr Michael, 1987

Pate, Mrs S. M, Horseupdeugh, Longformacus, Duns TDll 2PF 1983

Patterson, Mrs M. E., 1 Well Close Square, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 ILL 1973

Payne, Major P. L C., Old Qeeve, Minehead, Somerset TA24 6HU 1974

Potts, Mrs M. L., Benridge, Longhorseley, Morpeth NE65 8UY 1987

Pringle, Miss F. C., 6 Broomlands House, Kelso TD6 7SW 1963

Pyle, Mrs Margaret R., Druim-An-Allt, Lennel Mount, Coldstream TD12 4NS 1987

Quarry Mrs H. R, 11 Murrayfield, St Abbs TD14 5PP 1988

Ramsey, Lady, Prior Bank, Hermitage Lane, Kelso TD5 7 AN 1968

Reay, Mrs H. M., Maythome, 5 North Road, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1PW 1988

LIST OF MEMBERS 189

Reid, Mrs S., 3 Comhill Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2DV 1989

Richardson, Miss M. M, 3 Well Close Square, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 ILL 1976

Riddell-Carre, Mrs R, Cavers- Carre, Melrose TD6 9EJ 1967

Robb, Mr W. J., 20 The Yett, Kirk Yetholm, Kelso TD5 8PG 1989

Robb, Mrs R M., 20 The Yett, Kirk Yetholm, Kelso TD5 8PG 1989

Roberts, Rev. D. Holt, 13 Yard Heads, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2HA 1980

Roberts, Dr J. E. Holt, 13 Yard Heads, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2HA 1978

Robertson, Dr F. J., 32 Waterbury Road, Brunton Park, Newcastle upon Tyne
NE3 5AJ 1981

Robertson, Mrs F. J., 32 Waterbury Road, Brunton Park, Newcastle upon Tyne
NE3 5AJ 1981

Robertson, Mrs M., West Inchmichael, Rait, Perthshire 1975

* Robertson, Mr D. Mackenzie, 4 Hermitage Lane, Kelso TD5 7AN 1950

* Robertson, Mrs L. M. Mackenzie, 4 Hermitage Lane, Kelso TD5 7AN 1950

Romanes, Mrs S., Nor ham Lodge, Duns 1963

Ross, Mrs E. L., 16 Ravensdowne, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HX 1971

Ross, Mrs M. F. E., Ridgeway, 167 Etal Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed

TD15 2DU 1989

Rowe, Mr R. G., 2 Paxton Road, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1PF 1987

Rowe, Mrs S. M, 2 Paxton Road, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1PF 1987

Russell, Mr C V., 6 South Lane, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2LR 1986

Russell, Mrs R J., Rathowen, Duns TD11 3NR 1985

Rutter, Mrs M., 110 Shielfield Terrace, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2EE 1980

Salthouse, Dr E. C, The Master's House, The Castle, Durham 1984

Salthouse, Mrs R C., The Master's House, The Castle, Durham 1984

Sanderson, Mrs R, Milestone House, 109 Etal Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon
Tweed TD15 2DU 1986

Seeker, Mrs S., 19 Qeet Court, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HH 1988

Scott, Mr R M., Walton Hall, Kelso 1983

Scott, Mrs R M., Walton Hall, Kelso 1983

Sheldon, Mr J., Crossgatehall, Preston, Duns TD11 2RJ 1988

Sheldon, Mrs B. A., Crossgatehall, Preston, Duns TD11 2RJ 1988

Simpson, Mr P. W., 23 Moray Place, Edinburgh EH3 6DA 1979

Simpson, Mrs J. H., 1 Ivy Place, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1LJ 1975

Simpson, Miss J. L., 4 I vinson Road, Tweedmouth Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2EA 1974

Simpson, Miss Muriel, 124 Shielfield Terrace, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2EE 1984

Sinclair, Mrs R, West Lodge, Longridge Towers, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2XQ 1977
Sinclair, Capt R McEwan, Traquair Cottage, Gavin ton. Duns TD11 3QT 1982

Smail, Col. James I. M., Kiwi Cottage, Scremerston, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2RB 1948
Smith, Dr Kate, Pyatshaw, Lauder TD2 6SH 1985

Smith, Mrs J. M. G, Damlee, Melrose 1980

Smith, Mr P. C. P., Woodbine Cottage, East Ord, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2NS 1976
Smith, Mr R R, 3 Maple View, Birch Hill, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2JX 1988

Smith, Mrs J., 3 Maple View, Birch Hill, Norham, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2JX 1988
Sou ter, Mr D. C, Det chant Park, Belford NE70 7PQ 1978

Souter, Mrs J. M., Det chant Park, Belford NE70 7PQ 1974

Spellman, Mrs L., Mill Farm, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2HP 1988

Sproule, Mrs J. E., Ladiesfield, Coldstream 1972

Stalker, Mr D., Hailes Castle Cottage, Haddington EH 44 4PY 1986

Stawart, Mrs J., 4 Douglas Close, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 IPG 1974

Steel, Mrs Helen B., Rosebank, Ayton, Eyemouth 1987

Steggall, Rev. J. A., The Parsonage, Beech Avenue, Eyemouth TD14 5AB 1989

Stirling, Mrs A. H., 225 Highcliffe, Spittal, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2JL 1988

Stobart, Mrs Anne V. G., Ford Hill House, Ford, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2PZ 1986

St od dart, Mr Grahame, Southview, Ayton, Eyemouth 1984

190

LIST OF MEMBERS

Stott, Mr F., Wynfield House, Mount Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2BA 1951

Stott, Mrs F., Wynfield House, Mount Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2BA 1985

Straton, Mrs Emily K., Pouterlany, Duns TD11 3QL 1984

Straughan, Mrs E. B., Struan, 10 The Crescent, Homcliffe, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2XP 1975

Sutherland, Miss C. A., 2 Tintagel House, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1AP 1983

Sutherland, Mrs E. M., Lowick Northfield, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2TR 1988

Sutherland, Mrs M. C, Hillhouse, Oxton, Lauder TD2 6RD 1988

Swallow, Mrs Mary K., 1 The Croft, North Sunderland NE68 7XA 1969

* Swan, Mrs D. K., Harelaw, Chimside, Duns TD11 3LF 1946

* Swan, Sir W. B., Blackhouse, Res ton TD14 5LR 1971

Swan, Lady A. G., Blackhouse, Reston TD14 5LR 1987

Swinton, Major Gen. Sir John, Kimmerghame, Duns TD11 3LU 1970

Swinton, Lady, Kimmerghame, Duns TDll 3LU 1981

Tabraham, Canon A. J., 10 Gourlays Wynd, Duns TDll 3AZ 1986

Tabraham, Mrs A. J., 10 Gourlays Wynd, Duns TDll 3AZ 1986

Taylor, Mr A. G, lOdeview, Morebattle, Kelso TD6 7QQ 1989

Taylor, Mrs M. F., Kaleview, Morebattle, Kelso TD5 7QQ 1984

Taylor, Sir George, Belhaven House, Dunbar EH42 INS 1981

Thompson, Mrs Doris, 44 I vinson Road, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2EA 1984

Thompson, Mrs J., Eweside House, Cockbumspath 1962

Thompson, Mr, R F., East Kyloe, Beal, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2PG 1989

Thomson, Mrs K. R, The Hill, Coldingham 1981

Thorp, Mr R W. T., Charlton Hall, Chathill 1955

To tty, Mr Alan B., Oaklea, Gavinton, Duns TDll 3QT 1985

*Totty, Mrs Margaret, Oaklea, Gavinton, Duns TDll 3QT 1985

Trainer, Mrs E. M., HaUdon, Kelso TD5 7LU 1976

Trimmer, Miss J. R, North Cedars, Foulden, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1UH 1986

Trotter, Mr A. R, Charterhall, Duns TDll 3RE 1986

Trotter, Mrs A. R, Charterhall, Duns TDll 3RE 1986

Trotter, Mr G. R, The Wellnage, Duns 1986

Trousdell, Mr M. C., Hillbum House, Ayton, Eyemouth TD14 5SG 1986

Trousdell, Mrs M. C, Hillburn House, Ayton, Eyemouth TD14 5SG 1986

Veitch, Mrs A., Stoneycroft, Castle Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NZ 1974

Wailes-Fair bairn, Mrs W., Berrington House, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2TF 1981

Waldie, Mr J., Greenbank, Gordon 1965

Waldie, Mrs J., Greenbank, Gordon 1978

Walker, Mr M R, Old Springwells, Greenlaw, Duns TD10 6UL 1978

Wall, Mrs A. W., Herrin gthorpe, 233 Main Street, Spittal, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 1RR 1976

Watson, Mr D. M., Dene Cottage, Dun glass, Cockbumspath TD13 5XE 1985

Watson, Mrs M R, Dene Cottage, Dun glass, Cockbumspath TD13 5XE 1984

Weatherbum, Miss Margaret, 38 Castlegate, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1JT 1981

Whiteford, Mrs J., Borewell Farm, Scremerston, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2RJ 1977
Wigdor, Mr J. B., Hawthorn Cottage, Oxton TD2 6PP 1988

Wigdor, Mrs V. J., Hawthorn Cottage, Oxton TD2 6PP 1988

Williamson, Mr A. B., Lainndenn Cottage, Lennel, Coldstream TD12 4EU 1987

Williamson, Mrs A. B., Lainndenn Cottage, Lennel, Coldstream TD12 4EU 1987

Willink, Mrs R A., North Marlefield Cottage, Kelso TD5 8ED 1983

Willins, Miss E. P. L., Kirklands, Ayton 1951

Wilson, Mrs Edith, 9 Crosthwaite Terrace, Tweedmouth, Berwick upon Tweed
TD15 2BN 1984

Wilson, Miss J. R, 11 Bankhill, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1BE 1971

Wilson- Smith, Mrs A. W. L., Cumledge, Duns 1979

LIST OF MEMBERS

191

Wood, Mrs R M., Melgund Glen, Denholm TD9 8RZ 1984

Wood, Mr and Mrs R C., Simprim, Coldstream TD12 4HG 1983

Yates, Mr S., Heaton Mill, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4XQ 1989

Yates, Mrs S., Heaton Mill, Comhill on Tweed TD12 4XQ 1989

NEW MEMBERS - 1990

Baird, Mrs N., Easter Crowbutt, Chimside

Beaumont, Mrs D. M., Flagstaff House, The Avenue, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HS

Brewes, Mrs L., Laburnum Cottage, Crookham TD12 4SX

Cole, Mrs Y., 1 Wellington Terrace, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HW

Duncan, Mr and Mrs S. D., Hawthorn Cottage, Cockbumspath

Duncanson, Mrs M., 7 Douglas Close, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 IPG

Rsh, Mrs A., Southview, Ga vinton. Dims TD11 3QP

Gilchrist, Mrs M., 3 Low Greens, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1LZ

Grey, Mrs D. M., Oxendene Bum, Comhill TD12 4UW

Grout, Mr R E, 3 West End, Tweedmouth TD15 1LZ

Grout, Mrs P. N., 3 West End, Tweedmouth TD15 1LZ

Hirrell, Miss M., Garden Cottage, Thomington, Min drum TD12 4QH

Hope, Mr I., 2 Sun wick Farm Cottages, Hutton, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1XG

Hattie, Mrs D. Y., 28 The Meadows, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1NY

Johnson, Mrs M., Garden Cottage, Thomington, Mindrum TD12 4QH

Leathard, Mr and Mrs., Stow House, 31a Low Greens, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1LZ

Meikle, Mr R W., The Pines, Hill Road, Gullane, East Lothian EH31 2BE

Neill, Miss E., Cottage, East Remington, Ayton TD14 5SQ

Prentice, Mrs B. J., Cockburn Mill, Duns TDll 3TL

Robertson, Mrs S., 13 East Trinity Road, Edinburgh EH5 3DZ

Samuel, Mrs M. P., White Crags, Bummouth TD14 5SL

Seales, Dr W. E., 21 Cumledge Mill, By Preston, Duns TDll 3DF

Sears, Mr A., The Loaning, Reston, Eyemouth TD14 5LD

Sears, Mrs S., The Loaning, Reston, Eyemouth TD14 5LD

Spratt, Mr and Mrs G., Silverwells, Coldingham TD14 5TZ

Watt, Mrs E A., 91 Etal Road, Tweedmouth TD15 20U

Wood, Mrs M., Laneside, Bummouth TD14 5SQ

Wright, Mr L G., Ragstaff House, The Avenue, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1HS

LIBRARIES

Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland,

Department of Archaeology, 46 Saddler Street, Durham DH1 3NU
Balfour & Newton Libraries, Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge 1915
Borders Family History Society, (Peter Ruthven-Murray), Springhill, Broadmeadows,
Yarrowford, Selkirkshire TD7 5LZ

Central Library, New Bridge Street, Newcastle upon Tyne 1901

County Library Branch, The Parade, Berwick upon Tweed 1976

East Lothian Antiquarian and Field Naturalists' Society, Garvald Grange Cottages,

Garvald, East Lothian

Glasgow Archaeological Society, Rat 2, 53 Kent Road, Glasgow G3
Glasgow Natural History Society, 664 Clarkston Road, Netherlee, Glasgow
G44 3YS

Hawick Archaeological Society, North Bridge Street, Hawick, Roxburghshire
TD9 9QT

Literary & Philosophical Society, Westgate Road, Newcastle 1909

Natural History Society of Northumbria, The Hancock Museum, Newcastle
upon Tyne

Northumberland County Library, The Willows, Morpeth 1964

Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR

Royal Commission of the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland,

54 Melville Street, Edinburgh

1978

192

LIST OF MEMBERS

Society of Antiquaries of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London 1915

Society of Antiquaries, National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh
EH1 1JF

Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, Black Gate, Newcastle upon Tyne
Scottish Natural History Society, Foremount House, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire
PA10 2EZ

Scottish Ornithologists' Club, 21 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh EH7 5BT

Scottish Record Office, P.O. Box 36, H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh 1969

University Library, St Andrews, Fife 1961

COPYRIGHT LIBRARIES

Bodleian Library, Broad Street, Oxford 0X1 3BG
British Library, 2 Sheraton Street, London W1V 4BH
National Library of Scotland, George IV Bridge, Edinburgh EH1 1EW
National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 3BU, Wales
Trinity College Library Dublin, College Street, Dublin 2; Ireland

This List has been difficult and time-consuming to compile. The
Corresponding Secretary, the Treasurer and I have tried to make
it accurate. Would Members who notice errors or omissions,
kindly notify them to the Corresponding Secretaiy so that they
may be corrected in the next List, to be published in 1993.

EDITORIAL NOTES

This page, previously headed 'CLUB NOTES', has evolved from
the terse record of the Club's visits which it was in 1984, to, in
1988, a note on the contents of the current Part of the History,
drawing attention to particular contributions, to the various fa-
cilities provided by the Club, and editorial notes. Now that the
records of the Club's visits and of happenings at the Library
have been given, as is appropriate, the status of individual sec-
tions, under the titles of Field Secretaries' and Librarian's Re-
ports, it seems sensible to rename this page as above simply to
accommodate editorial comment.

In the present issue, I draw attention to:

The successful identification of the Gateway Arch, figured in
the last Part, and the information about it.

The expanded Advice to Contributors. Attention to this by con-
tributors greatly simplifies and accelerates the editing and pub-
lishing of articles in the History.

It is hoped to publish the History more regularly in future so
that Parts are available for distribution to members by hand at
the Annual General Meeting in October, thus saving the Club
greatly in postal charges. For this to be realized, a closing date
for contributions yearly about the end of March is proposed.

193

ADVICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

The History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club has now run
continuously for 158 years. It has recorded a huge amount of in-
formation about every aspect of life in the Borders: archaeology,
genealogy, history, sociology, topography, and natural history. It
is an invaluable repository for such primary information.

Many people with special knowledge of Border affairs and hap-
penings may, be inhibited from contributing to the History by being
unfamiliar with how to put an article together. The following notes
are designed to assist and encourage novices; but also to be a
general guide to all contributors. The notes are simple; but the
more closely they are followed, the speedier will be publication
and the easier the lot of the Editing Secretary.

Manuscripts are best typed, double-spaced, and two copies sent;
but even handwritten documents, if clearly legible, can be consid-
ered. References in the text to other publications are most simply
done by author name(s) and date and then listed in alphabeti-
cal/ chronological order at the end of the manuscript, giving the
title of the document and, for papers in journals, the volume and
page number, for books, the place of publication and the pub-
lisher. In this style:

Baxter, E. V., Rintoul, L. J. (1953) The birds of Scotland. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.

Boyd, H., Ogilvie, M. (1969) Changes in the British wintering population of the pinkfooted
goose from 1950-1975. Wildfowl, 20, 33-46.

Taylor, G. (1937) List of fungi observed in the neighbourhood of Cockbumspath. History of the
Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 29, 303-313.

Titles of periodicals should be written in full, not abbreviated.

Sometimes text references to other publications, documents, etc.,
in the text are more conveniently done by superscript numbers,
e.g.:

" 'the house of Netherbyres' 5"

and then related to a numbered entry in a list of references /notes
at the end of the paper, as e.g.:

"5. Scottish Record Office TD 78/7."

When other publications have been consulted but are not spe-
cifically cited, it may still be useful to guide readers following up
the subject, to give a "Bibliography7', citing the publications in the
same way as for references above.

Illustrations should be numbered consecutively and provided
with short descriptive legends.

Contributions may be sent direct to the Editing Secretary, or
handed to any Council Member.

Copyright. The copyright of papers published in the History will
normally be understood to pass to the Berwickshire Naturalists'
Club, as a permanently accessible institution, but authors may
reserve copyright to themselves, if they so wish, by a written
request to the Editing Secretary.

HISTORY

OF THE

BERWICKSHIRE

NATURALISTS’ CLUB

Price to non-members and for additional copies £3.00

The Centenary Volume, published 1933, provides an index to the History
from Volumes 1 to 27, (1831-1931).

Price £15.00

The Sesquicentenary Volume, published 1987, provides an index to the
History from Volumes 28 to 41 (1932-1980)

Price £10.00

For purchase apply to:

The Librarian, Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, Borough Museum,
The Barracks, Berwick upon Tweed TD15 1BT, U.K.

PRINTED FOR THE CLUB
BY MARTIN’S PRINTING WORKS
MAIN STREET, SPITTAL
1990