''^''•''^'mm ! I i 9 BRITISH MARINE POLYZOA. VOL. II. HISTORY OF THE BRITISH MARINE POLYZOA. BY THOMAS HINCKS, B.A., F.R.S., AUTHOR OF ' A HISTORY OF THE BRITISH HYDROID ZOOPHYTES,' ETC. "... iiaturri ipsa docente, et jnciinditate sua alliciente." Otho Fabricius. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II.— PLATES. LONDON: JOHN VAN YOOKST, PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLXXX. " The spirit of God works everywhere alike, where there is no eye to see, covering all lonely places with an equal glory, using the same pencil and outpouring the same splendour in the caves of the waters where the sea- snakes swim and in the desert where the satyrs dance, amidst the fir-trees of the stork and the rocks of the conies, as among those higher creatures whom he has made capable witnesses of his working. " EUSKIN. ALE RE j FLAMMAM. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED MON COURT, FLEET STREET. 58981 PLATE I. PIG. 1. IIippoTiioA EXPANSA, page 291. 2. HippOTiiOA DIVARJCATA, var. a (conferta); p. 288. See Plate XLTV. 3. Eucratea chelatAj p. 14 ; repent form. Sec Plates II. &. III. 4, 5. Aetea anguina, p. 4. 6, 7. Aetea recta, p. 6. 8-10. Aetea truncata, p. 8. See Plate II, 11. , dwarf variety. 12. , a portion of the creeping base, Platre 1. ra.SUl.A.TMoVlck'ixih. r/'mst& Co.-vmp- London: Jo>mVan Voorst.MDCCCLAXlX. PLATE IT. FIf!. 1. HuxLEYA FRAGiLis^ p. 27. After Busk. 2. Brettia TUByEFORMis^ p. 28. Scc Platc y. 3. Aetea truncata, p. 8 ; erect and pedicellate form. 4. Eucratea chelata, p. 14; showing the creeping line of cells, from which the shoots spring. 5-7. , showing the primary cell and the first stages of the colony. 8. ; primary zooecia. Plate 2. Kg. 2. TJiiU.AIJIolUA Uth.. Londoja: Jchr, Va:^ Voorst, MDCCCLXXIK. WWesfc S-C: imp PLATE III. PIG. 1-3. Gemellaria loricata, p. 18 : figure 3 is taken from a specimen of G. WilUsii received from Dr. Dawson. 4. • -^ natural size. 5-8. ScRUPARiA clavata^ p. 24; the uniserial and bi- serial forms. Fig. 7 shows the mode of branching. 9, 10. EUCRATEA CHELATA^ p. 14. 11. — - — ■, creeping base, M'ith oval expansions, from which the shoots originate. PlsLte 3. Fiq. 10 Fig, i. f T HMl A.T.HoJbxk lith Lo-aaon : Joh-n Voorst. MDCCCLXXTX W.WfstsC?imp. PLATE TV. FIO. 1. NOTAMIA BURSARIA, j). 100. 2. ■ , front of the zoarium. 3. , dorsal surface. 4. , nat. size. 5. , avicularia, showing the differences of size. 5«. , avicularium^ showing the arrangement of the muscles for opening and closing the man- dible. After Busk. C, 7. BiiETTiA PELLuciDA, p. 28. After Busk. 8_, 9. Beania mikabilis^ p. 96. 10. , a young cell. T.H.d£l.A.THoUickUiJi. W.lVest SiC° imp. Jjondon ■ n Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. * • PLATE V. FlCi. 1. Brettia TUB.EFORMIS, p. 28. After a sketch by Mr. R. S. Boswell. 2-5. Cellularia Peachii^ p. 34. 6. Flustra Barleei, p. 122, nat. size. From a drawing by Mr. Alder. 7. ■ , zooecia, with avicularia. 8. , zooeciaj showing the immersed ooecia. Fi Plate 5. ' }- - F13. 7. ; T.Hduil A.THoVick liih. W.V/est & C^vmp Loniou: Joli2iVa:n Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. L ' ^■\'a\ PLATE VI. FIG. 1. Menipea ternata, p. 38. 2. , uat. size. 3. , dorsal surface. 4. , ooecia. 5, G. Scrupocellaria elliptica, p. 46. 7-9. Scrupocellaria scabra, p. 48. 10. J nat. size. 11. , primary cell. After Smitt. Fiq.ll, TJIieLATHoliUkldh.. W.We^tgcCo.-amp. London: Jolin Yaon. %orst MDCCCLXXCC . PLATE YII. FIG, 1,2. SCRUPOCELLARIA BEPTANS, p. 52. 3. , uat. size, 4. ~, with ocEcium. 5. , radical fibre with adhesive disk. 6. , ditto modified so as to form a grapnel. 7. , front aviculariura. H, 9. ScRUPOCELLARIA SCRUPOSA, p. 45. 10. ■ , vibraeulum. 11, 12. ScRUPOCELLARIA SCRUPEA, p. 50. 13. , nat. size. 14. , vibracular cell. Plate 7, T.B. tUL. AJSoUuk Uth. Loniozt: JoKn -Vac Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. W West Si C^tmp. v^ PLATE VIII. FKi. 1, 2. BiCELLARIA CILIATA, p. 68. 3. — r— J nat. size. 4. , ooecium. o. , avicularium. 6-8. Caberea Ellisii, p. 59. 9-11. Caberea Boryi, p. Gl. Pla.te 8. FlQ.l. FiiH^ ( / a," ii^'^tx Fig, 2 fe \ -v ^ rr t .4>'> f II ? Kq.7. 14 X 'f F^Q.6. 1' ICO vn£j\ V y F.y.8 "Fig. 11. VI 70 wrc/i. y^fj T.H. d^^ AT.mci^h Ixth IXtrX. 4V. TrWe^t&: Co-imp LondoJi: Jo"k-n. Van Yoorst.JvIDCCCLXXK . PLATE IX. PIQ. 1, 2, Menipea Jeffreysii^ p. 42. 3. Bicellaria Alderi^ p. 70 ; usual form, 4. -, with ooecium and a double spine, 5. , dorsal surface. 6. , nat. size. 7. , aviculariura. Pla,te9 r I'H-aUl.ATHcV^^hth,, Wyfeet&.a>-vm^. Lcndon.: JoKn.Va.ix '/oorst.MDCCCLXXIX . PLATE X. FIO. 1. BUGULA AVICULARIA, p. 75. 2. , dorsal svirface, 3. , nat. size. 4. , showing the attachment of the ooecium to the cell. 5. BuGULA TURBINATA, p. 77. 6. , dorsal surface. 7. , nat. size. 8. , aviculariimi. Fiq. 1 Plate 10, FiQ. 4. Fic^. 3. -^ r- Fig 8. Fin. 7. ',;« i. Piq. 6 '00 in^h '^^■M..AZHoUick liik. I- on 5 onaoTi Jotn Vi.Ta Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. W.lAhst & C° !>njB. PLATE XI. FIG. 1. BuGULA FLABELLATA, p. 80 ; a portioii of a shoot, nat. size. 2, 3. , front and dorsal surfaces. 4. ,, avicularium. 5. BuGULA CALATHUS, p. 82 ; nat. size. 6, 7. , front and dorsal surfaces. 8. , avicularia. Fiat. 6 Platte 11. /Fxg.7. '.Ji.del ATMo'dickuth. Lonaoi-., Jokn Van Voorst. Mac CCLXXiX ►V Aasfc kCHmp. PLATE XIL no. 1. BuGULA PLUMOSA,, p. 84; nat. size. 2-4. . 5. ^ avicularia. 6, 7. BuGULA GRACILIS, var. UNCiNATA, p. 86 ; prehensile appendages. Sec Plate XV. 8. BuGULA PURPUROTiNCTA, p. 89 ; nat. size. ^} 10. ^ zocecia. 11- ;, dorsal surface. 12. , oeecium. Fiq.2 Fiq. 1. Pl^fe 12 'H.del.A.THolUckluk. Fiq 5 i/^" \ H v.\ % Fia. 11- m: -i^ 'V , — c 100 inch. ^.;'Mzst *.C? imp. -'"CLXSIK. PLATE XIII. PIG. 1-4. Cellaria risTULOSA, p. 106. 5-8. Cellaria sinuosa, p. 109. 9, 10. Cellaria Johnsoni, p. 112. 11. , showing the avicularium in situ. 12. , avicularium detached. Fig. 1. Pl<3LtelS, F 1 a , 9. I J^ / ^.^ i-^^ L^ X r "^I'l^A.ZILilljuKlit:: vr.mst -L.ona.or. ooiin Va.;. PLATE XIV. FIG. 1. Flustra carbasea, var., p. 123; from a specimen in Mr. Norman's collection. See Plate XVI. 2. BuGULA MuRRAYANA, p. 92 ; nat. size. 3. ■ , var. a (fruticosa), nat. size. 4. , zooecia of the normal form. 5. , zooecia of var. fruticosa. 6. , dorsal surface. 7-9. , avicularia, showing the difference in size bet^ cells between those on the front and margin of the 10. Flustra foliaceAj p. 115; palmate form. Sec Plate XVI. Fiq. 1. Plate 14-. ^00 indh. T.U.delA THoUCck lUk W. West & C? imp. PLATE XV. FIG. 1. BuGULA GRACILIS, var. uncinata; p. 86, nat. size. 1 «• , a single cell, showing the position of the avicularium. , 3. • , zooecia, front view. 3. , dorsal surface. 4. , prehensile appendages. 4 a. —, primary cell and appendages. 5. SciiizopORELLA vulgaris, p. 2-M ; showing the struc- ture of the cell. See Plate XXXVII. 6- , var, with umbonate ovicell, and mucro on the front wall. 7, 7 a. EsciiAROiDEs quincuncialis, p. 339; fragment, magnified and nat. size. 7 b. , young cell. 7 c. , ooecium and orifice, forming together the " mamillarv rising.^' Fiq l'^ Fi d . 1 . Plate 15. T.K.oijiL Ai:.KoXUfk,li£f\.. We.st,N'e^rrrva;n.&Ct..-br,vt,. LonJoa: JcLn VLn Voorst MDCCCLXXIX PLATE XVI. FIG. 1. Flustra foliacea^ p. 115; nat. size. 1 «, 1 Z>. , zooecia magnified. 2. Flustra papyracea, p. 118; nat. size. 2 a. , zooecia and ovicells. 3. Flustra securifrons, p. 120; nat. size. 3 a. , zooecia, with avicularia and ovicells. 4. Flustra carbasea, p. 123 ; nat. size. 4 a. , zooecia. Fiq- 4 q *-a ;^ Fig. 2. "^ iiST" i^M^:iCm^0^ '^ Q^t X. I -i^ s^^ Plate 16, Fig. la. ^ j; Fiq.ll,. Fiq. 2a. Y»/ -J. ; Fiq 4 ^j^ \:^: C. ^.3 \ -^ y '.V:l Fiq. 3 q . o cc. ^e^ h^ T.KdA.A.T.HolUckUth WWestHC anp- PLATE XVII. FIG. !_, 2. Membranipora catenularia_, p. 134. 3, 4. Membranipora monostachys, p. 131 ; linear form. See Plate XVIII. 5, 6, 8. Membranipora Lacroixii, p. 129; various states. 7. , Avith marginal spines. Plate 17^ Fig. i. Fig. 4". J THd^.A-THoUidc iMk. W.Wist &C?UK.p. London: Jotn Va.n Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. PLATE XVIII. FIG. 1. Membranipora monostachys, p. 131 ; nat. size, show- ing the linear habit of growth. 2. , a colony, inckiding one of the rudi- mentary cells. 3. , var. FOSSARiA. 4. , var. FOSSARIA : two zooecia, viewed sideways, 5. Membranipora membranacea, p. 140. G. , with a number of abnormal cells ("tower- zocecia^^ of Nitsche). 7. Membranipora hexagona, p. 143. After Busk. 8. ScHizopoRELLA HYALiNA/ p. 271 ] a colony with suborbicular orifice. 9. ■ , with the ooecia borne on imperfectly developed cells. 10. , var. with hyaline walls and the lower margin of the orifice deeply sinuatcd. Sec Plate XLV. figs. 2 and 3. Fiq. 2. Fi q 1 . Plate 18. Fig. 5. TKiei. A.T.EdWuikli^. WWestS-C^iwe. London; Joina Van Toaret.MDCCCLXXE. , Kv LI PLATE XIX. FIG. 1. Membranipora spinifera, p. 149. a, h, c. , the pedunculate avicularia. 2. Membranipora flustroides, p. 151. 3-G. Membranipora lineata, p. 143. 7. Membranipora craticula, p, 147. 8, 9. Membranipora discreta, p. 152. Fia. ] . Wi _. y^*\f''j !>f 'ii r 'h^jf] C^7 '"'" ""^ Fioi 4.. t^: Pla,teL9, Fiq. 2. <00 irvcX u ti^^l ^-' •^ 1 .^l^-- 700 vrvcK \* i I ,v Fiq. 6. ^^- .^^1 IJ I I c* '00 inch ■^& Fi q. 5. f ■"•-^C^ Pii'h 100 iytcK Fxg. 9 Ui ^Ir too incK Fig. 8. THdJ-ATHoUidchOi .Lr-ixioa: .:o',...iVk-LV:-;>r.st vircccT.xx'x. PLATE XX. FKI. ], 2. Membranipora imbellis^ p. 160, 3. Membranipora Dumerilii, p. 156. 4. Membranipora unicornis, p. 154. 5, 6. Membranipora curvirostris, p. 153. 1 y 8. Membranipora solidula, p. 158, 9, Membranipora nodulosa, p, 170, Pig. 3. PI St te 20. Fig. 1. ^ T.K,ul.r..T.Hoaickl^. WV/est & C 0 wvp. LoiioLon.- Joke !a.xL Voorst, l/IL'OCCLXXI/>. PLATE XXI. no. 1. Membranipora FlemingiIj p. 1G2; from a fully developed specimen. I a,l 0. , young zooecia with the full com- plement of spines ; avicularia partially developed. 2, 3. , var., showing the produced portions of the cell below. 4. Membranipora cornigera, p. 164. See Plate XXII. fig. 4. 5, 6. Membranipora aurita, p. 159. 7. Setosella vulneratA; p. 181. Fiq. 1. Fig. 2. /m^ ^00 inch / Fiq. 3. Fxg.7. T.H.d£i .^.T.ifonid: Iji/i. IV. Wests C9 imf. London. Jo'hxL Va,n Voorst, MDCCCLIDCIX. PLATE XXII. FIG. 1. Megapora ringens, p. 172. 2. Membranipora minax, p. 169. 2 a. , avicularium. 2 b, 2 c. , young cells. 3. Membranipora cornigera, p. 164; from an old specimen, showing the structure of the upper portion of the aperture. 4. Membranipora Rosselii, p. 166. 5. Membranipora trifolium, p. 167. G. , var. a (quadrata) . PlsLte S2. Pi3.2, Fig.l. r7/^~ §i\S '*•■ V^4 / ■| 7 ) F 2c. TH cUl.A.T.HoUu>k. mv. I-ondou: John Va,n. Voorst, MDCCCLXXCX... W.West&iCoi>^njp PLATE XXIII. Tia. 1. Membranipora pilosAj p. 137; normal form. 2, 3. , var. a (dentata) . 4. , var. with three spines. 5. Micropora coriacea, p. 174. G. , with avicularia. 7. , with ooecia. 8. Micropora complanata, p. 175. 9. , more highly magnified^ to show the con- striction of the orifice. ', • ,' J WO -inch ti.at'iATHciliir- i L c -1 i c -r. John. Vaji Voorst . MDCCCLXXTX. . PLATE XXIV. « FIG. 1. ScnizopoRELLA LINEARIS, p. 247; var. with a single avicularium borne on the side of a short rostrum. See Plate XXXVIII. 2. ScHizopoRELLA UMBONATA, p. 264. After Busk. 3. Cribrilina punctata, var., p. 190. See Plate XXVI. 4. Lepralia Pallasiana, p. 297 ; var. Avith much pro- duced peristome. See Plate XXXIII. 5. Steganoporella Smittii, p. 178 ; with avicularia. 6. , showing the ooecium with the lid thrown back. 7. Lepralia edax, p. 311. 7 a. , the large, pointed avicularia. After Smitt. 8. , nat. size, incrusting a univalve shell. Pl^te 84^. TJLcULA.T.EolLu}c Utk. Wast Newman ZC? unp. Lonion . JolirL Vaii Voorst, Ii/LDGCCLXXIX . PLATE XXV fk;. \, 2. CiuBRiLiNA KADiATA, p. 185 ; imominata form. 3. , radiata form. 4. , var. 5^ with vibraculoid setae. 6. , radiata form. 7. , dwarf var. 8^ 9, , avicularia, showing the varieties of form. 10. Cribrilina Gatty^, p. 198. 11, 12. Cribrilina annulata, p. 193. "'■:)*\j- Fiq. 4? Fi S-'- Plate 25. ''00 inch Fig- 3. ,.^X^ .... /^ r^. '00 J>tc?i ^V/L? Fig. 6. Fig. 5. F ig. 9 a ■\ 'oo tncJi Fi g. 10 l>... J. ^-1 ..^, .^? X*- Vl.'UlA.TMoaid.Uth W.WesirC'tmi,. PLATE XXVI. I'lfi, 1-3. Cribrilina punctata^ p. 190. See Plate XXIV. fig. 3. 4. , var. a. 5-7. Cribrilina figularis^ p. 196. 8. — — ■ , var. a ( fissa) . 9. MiCROPORELLA IMPRESSA^ p. 214. See Plate XXIX. figs. 10, 11. 10. , var. /3 (glabra). 11. , cell with ooecium. Fl Q . 1 . Fi q . 6 . v.^^.^ I ■Ft9.4^. 700zn.cn, Fa 3. 11 Faq.9, Fiq.8. 1>- ^f.*. ;■ -^^^ ' ' ' ^m /■: 100 vtzch- I' '>T^'^'*' ^fc::^l vr'Cf TKieLATHoUcckHih.. # 1^ • :r-i^ WIfetyro.wnr. L ondon : JoJiTL Va.-n Voorst , MD C C CLXXIX . PLATE XXVII. FIG. 1-4-. Membraniporella nitida, p. 200; various forms. 5. , var. with small number of ribs. 6. , primary cell. 7. , group of cells in an early stage. 8. , outline showing the structure of the cell. 9. Membraniporella melolonthAj p. 202. 10. , nat, size. Fig. 2. too inch Fig. 5. Plate 27 Fig.l. f^'l k- s,-x: Fia.lO. ^00 jyvch r Ji:, «r>. Fia.7 Fia.8. -;4iMidi> Fiq. 4- •n. -<:-■■ ^ r.K del.AJ:HMuk lUh,. West^emiuxfi. t C Lonaoa tJoiiri.'>'kii Vboist.MUCCCLXXDC . PLATE XXVIII. FIG. 1. MiCROPORELLA CILIATA, p. 206. 2. — — , granular var. witli normal avicularia. 3. , primary cell. 4. , dwarf var. 5. , var. with umbo and areolated ovicell. 6. — , Australian var. 7. , var. PERSON ATA. 8. , two forms of avicularium. y, 10. MlCKOPORELLA MaLUSII, p. 211. See Plate XXIX. %. 12. 11. , var. (3 (vitrea). Fdo..l. F) ^ J t ^^ ^^ V-- ii^ "1 r. m -f "*«? ioo -mveh. ^:J ^J-- ■iOO Tjndv Fi.5 . 4; . rl<[.8. 7x5. 5, Fa^.T- TK.d^.A.T.HoIhjJ^.Tijih. West .Nti^mian, & C- w-ip . London.: Jolm Vsua Voorst .'MDCCCLXXIX. i PLATE XXIX. PIG. 1, 2. PORELLA MINUTA, p. 326. 3-5. SCHIZOPORELLA AURICULATA, p. 260. 6. witli spatulate avicularia. 7. , var. a (ochracea). 8. , var. /3 (cuspidata). 9- , showing the different forms of avi- cularium. 10, 11. Microporella impressAj p. 214; var. a. 12. Microporella Malusii, p. 211, var. invested by a smooth calcareous crust ^. * This iigure is not referred to in the text. Fiq. 3. Fiq. 2 taovnoK- v-^i F19. 4-. Plate 29, f -^ Fig.l. "Pig. 6. Fig. 8. f... .... »(?(? ZJT.C^ . Fi^. 9. Fi9.'7. 100-i<-u^h. TH. icJ^A.T. HoUuD^ luk : n r. Van ^^-.r-c KDCCCLXXJX PLATE XXX. FIG. 1, 2. MlCROPORELLA VIOLACEA^ p. 216. 3. , var. a. 4. , Crag form, showing tlic diversities in the size of the zooecium. 5. SCHIZOPORELLA CRUENTA, p. 270. 6. SCHIZOPORELLA VENUSTA, p. 276. Q a, , showing the form of the orifice and the avicularian area. 7. , showing a group of more or less aborted cells. 8j 9. SciIIZOrOKELLA DISCOIDEA; p. 265. Piq.3 ^-, f --aifj Fag. 2. ■■...• v3;:ivr Fig.l. ,:^ "Plate 30. ^ - !^ ■J lOOVXCfL. fW F.iq. 4-. ~^X. ■^l'* leL' ><4il r-i^f^ Fiq.G"- * Fiq.7 1 100 inch. '>®S>. )00 incii '^: ria:9 #)■ ^~-^^^- A Tig. 5. 757'i;n<>?v Fig. 8, S^ \^'y . ^ '00 mch- I- H. a£L.X.T.HplUJclUh.. iCOlvuh. London: JoKn Va.yi Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX . W.West&Co.-imf,. ■ . PLATE XXXI. PIG. 1. DiPORULA VERRUCOSA, p. 220. 2. , uat. size. 3. Lepralia foliacea, p. 300; crustaceous state^. 4, 5. PoRiNA borealis, p. 229. 6. , nat. size. 7, 8. Palmicellaria elegans, p. 378. 9. , nat. size. * There is no reference to this figure iu the test. FiaA JTTS Tn^ch. f v/ Yia .^. PiO( . 2 Fi ft . 6 . Fia .7. Plate 31. Fi,3 3. ''• ^/' ^ — ""^ i^ii ^tiT • ' til -vn-chy fo5 -uxjch. Facj.S, f"! Ficx.5. -vnc^ ioo -vnol^ T.H. cUljLT.HailUh.ltih,. ]VistJsreJK-m.an &.C0 -anp PLATE XXXII. FIG. 1-3. Chorizopora Brongniartii, p. 224. 1 f(- , a colony, nat. size. -, detached zoojcia, showing? tlie tubular connexions round the edge. 5. Lepralia polita, p. 315. 0-9. PORINA TUBULOSA, p. 230. FXQ.I Is.. Pl^teSS. Til ■xe.^A r7j~ c-<^<>t aZfX' . 'AVftst^ Co z^-np j-.oiiaor. oo>.K. Van Voorst ".rriCCCI-ZIII^v PLATE XXXIII. fk;. 1,2. Lepkalia Pallasiana, p. 297. Sec Plate XXIV. fig. 4. 3. ■ , variety, 4. Lepkalia canthariformis^ p. 299. After Busk. 5, 6. Lepralia adpressa, p. 307. 7. , ooecium. 8, 9. Lepralia hippopus^ p. 309. 10. Anarthropora monodon, p. 233. 11. , showing the stellate character oi' the pores. Fiq. 1 TKiUATHolUcJcUth. WrWesO & Cvmf). Jo>in V PLATE XXXIV. VIG. 1. MUCKONELLA COCCINEA^ p. 376. 2. , granular form. 3. ; tessellated form, 4— C. • , var. maniillata. 7. Lagenipora sociALis, p. 235. 8. ~ — -;, zooeciura with ovicell. Fig. 1. . 1 I \\V. ■ -, . J/**;! Sir ^4 •_^ .iMy,Le 3^1^ Fag.?.. -/" ■ ■ F13.3. 'OOitt^Ji. Fig, 8 Fi 9- =■• F.1 Fiq. 6. lOO-L^uiK. ^\^ '*fT-: Fiq. 7. 'H SUZ.AT.HcUi^ luh. WWist& Ccx»n)D LonSsK; JcWmt Vm,. . t "ivrncccLXXix PLATE XXXV. no. 1. SciiizopoRELLA UNICORNIS^ p. 328; witli ooccia. 2. , with a sino-lc avicularium. 3. , Var. ANSATA. 4. , var. with umbonate processes. 5. ; a single zooecium, with two lateral avicu- laria and two below. 6. SCHIZOPOllELLA SPINIFERA, p. 241. 7. , two zooecia, more highly magnified. 8. , zooecium with ovicell. 9. ScHizopoRELLA SIMPLEX, p. 246; a colony with ooccia. 10. . Fia.l. ICO uirJ; ^^■\0'.:':.v^i..-- PlsLte S5. Fig. 3. Fia. 4 1C0 xndi Fig. 8. Fia. 7. lOO iruJi Fiq. 6 '00 inch Flq. 9. <00 tnc?i. "if- tiei ^ T.BvVxck htu .oadoii Jchn Va.n Voor-st.MDCCCLXXIX . WiWwt *C?>m;. PLATE XXXVI. I- 10. 1. Smittia Landsborovii, p. 34T ; var. (porifera). 2. , var. (crystallina). 3-5. Smittia marmorea, p. 350. 6. PoRELLA MiNUTA, p. 326 ; littoral form. 7. Young cell of Porella concinna, showing the pri- mary orifice. 8. Young cell of Porella minuta, with outliue of the adult orifice. 9, 10. ScnizopoRELLA Albert, p. 243. Tia.,9. W.VVeat J,- t'v imp. i-oiacicri; <>cfc>t2 /ar. voorst iviij*^-^ )o — -"-.XiX. . PLATE XXXVII. FIG. 1. Mastigophora Dutertrei, p. 279. 3. Mastigophora Hyndmanni, p. 281. 4. , with ooscia aud punctured margin. 5. , var. Avith punctured surface and very long vibracula. G. , var. ENSIFORMIS. 7. SciiizopoRELLA VULGARIS^ p. 2M'. Scc Plate XV. figs. 5j 6. Plate 37. Fiq. 2. Fig.-i T.S.iid..AT.lIoVUck nth. 'WMistlCHm)}. PLATE XXXVIII. FIG. 1. MUCRONELLA ABYSSICOLA, p. 369. 2. , with ooecia. 3. MuCRONELLA MICROSTOMA^ p. 370. 4. . 5. ScHizoFORELLA LINEARIS, p. 217 ; witli ooccia. See Plate XXIV. fig. 1. 6. ■ , old state. 8. , single zooecium, with a rudimentary ovi- celligerous cell on the front wall. 9. , avicularium. 10. SCHIZOPORELLA LINEARIS, Var. HASTATA. 10 «. , rauci'o and avicularium. Pla-te 38 .i^^ Fig .2 . 'i f^ -it T.H oiel.ATHolluJ^liik W.We.scScCo.imp. London. Johrv Van Voorst MDCCOCXIX . PLATE XXXIX. •10. 1. Umbonula* verrucosa, p. 317; littoral form. 2. ■ -, with ocEcia, from deeper water. 3. PORELLA STRUMA, p. 329. 4. . 5. , older state. G. SCHIZOPORELLA SANGUINEA, p. 252. 7. • ■, erect growth. 8. MUCRONELLA PAVONELLA, p. 370. 9. , incru sting form. 10. , erect foliaceons form. * The name stands as UmhoneUa in the text ; but this Ibrm has ah-eadj" been employed as a generic terra. Plate 39. hi Fiq.l. '^ ^^,:-^S .'^M 1/t ft: 1U0 vj;W; 5. mi FlQ. v' 1 *> Sk-i, •■ * 6. Vs g . 4. Kag. '7. srjiit:=*r^«f: ^SMJR F.Q'.IO. Ii)('ij.c7v Fig. 8. Fig. 8. i^'Ci * ^-■: 100-mrl '^4)^- 'W^* «' W /■^(^ ■v*'tcH' T.H.ia.A.T.H<,lUclc TOK. •VWi-c^*- Ci. 7.7JIJ1;. LonioR: cJclin Van Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX PLATP] XL. I'lC!. 1. Rhynchopora bispinosa, p. 385; showing marginal cells and the uncinate process. 3. , with the oral avicularium. 4. , with aviculiferous maraillse. 5. , outline of zooecium^ showing the lateral processes. 6. SCHIZOPORELLA CRISTATA^ p. 254. 6«. , primary cell. 7. ScniZOPORELLA BIAPERTA^ p. 255. 8. , more highly magnified. 9. , showing ooccia and aviculiferous mamillac. Fi3.L Plat- 4-0. 100 -uTVoK T.H.cUl A T.HoliicJt. UtK. WWe^t&.Co.Urx:p. London: John. Yan Voorst MDCCCLXIXDC. ;0»C^ / i?^ "•v.- ^ -A' :4 ifi^ PLATE XLI. FIG. 1. SCHIZOTHECA FISSA, p. 284<. 2. , chain of aviculariau cells^ with an ordinary zooecium interposed. 3. • , marginal cell and avicularia. 4. ScHIZOTHECA DIVISA^ p. 285. 5. , with the peristome much elevated. 6. , a single cell^ highly magnified. 7. SCHIZOPORELLA ARMATA^ p. 258. 8. , cell with ooecium. Fig. 4'. Plate 4^1. Fig.l. TH.iUl, A THoVbuJ^ luh,. WWist&zC' ■mB'imir^:^ 1 L I %- 'J -lOOirtcti. g- ..m Pl Q . 4- -% '^^ -Fi q. 5 .s--^'^. V^^S^fe I' '' *SI ...'' "'TlcULATHcLUcku. London: John Vao. Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. VG*'estSr Co i?np. PLATE XLIV. FIG L HlPPOTHOA DIVAKICATA, p. 288. ScC PktC I. fig. 2. 2 , single cell, to show the form of orifice. 3. . , var. ft (carinata). 4, ■, var. a (conferta). 5. HlPPOTHOA TLAGELLUM, p. 293. 6. . , zooecium, showing form of orifice, with ovicelligerous cells attached. 7_ , nat. size. Pla,te 44^. Ti|.6. 1:1 Lo:cLa.c-i.- ■Joh.tx V"a.iiVoorsfc,MDCCCLXZIX. « <<• » i PLATE XLV. FIG. 1. MiCROPORELLA MaLUSII, var. THYREOPHORA, p. 212. 2. SCHIZOPORELLA HYALINA, Var. CORNUTA, p. 273. 3 , var. from Santa Cvwz, with elongated cell, p. 274. 4. PoRELLA coMPRESSA, p. 830 ; zooecia. Sec wood- cut, p. 322. 5. , detached group of cells on the sur- face of the zoarium. 6. " -, zooecia deeply immersed and with sinuated orifice. 7 7 a. , showing the primary orifice 7 b, outline of adult orifice. Fiq. 4. IHoWAT.JHoIUcfc iitJv TV^C,WeH'7^La«. A C' un-p. LoiuioTi: John. Va.7> Vboret.MDCCCJ,XXlX:. PLATE XLVI. FIG. 1. PoKELLA CONCINNA, p. 323. 2. , var. a (Belli), from a British speci- men. 3. , with ooecia, showing the central pore and the rih-like processes. 5. ■, with spatulate avicularia. 6. , var. a, from a Canadian specimen. 7. , with a porous surface. 8. , old state. 9. -, var. (i (gracilis). 10. , with spatulate and normal avicularia. 11-13. , vars. Fia.l. %IM^ 100 i«.c^. 100 -OrvcK i\ Fig.^. \ Plscte-ie. Fig. 2. 100 i^vih. Kicr. 3. F ig. 5. -^^3.9. 100 irvch. ¥'xa. "i?, I ^ / 100 -vnch. F '^3- Pi Piq. 6. J..:S? ■%' ..'-3 700 irLC^h, 100 ■ix'u^ Fig. 10. "i-'-j q. .1 3 .^';a6 THcUlJ-.THolh^HiK ¥ Tr.W^sticCc.-imp. L oiirion- tJ olir,. V'aai Voors t . ivIZ; CC CL,XI'IIX . PLATE XLVII. 1. Lepralia foliacea, p. 300; one of the chambers of the foliated zoarium. 2 ^ a young specimen clasping a stem. After Milne-Edwards. 3. , normal zooecia. 4. , var. /3 (bidentata) . 5. EscHAROiDES ROSACEA, p. 336; from a remarkably fine specimen of Mr. Norman's, about nat. size. 6. ^ ■ , nat. size. 7_ ^ adult zooecia. g ^ cluster of cells from the margin of a colony. 9 ^ a young zooecium, showing the avicula- rium before it is inclosed by the secondary orifice. 10. PoRELLA L7EV1S, p. 331, uat. sizc. 1 1 . , zooecia. Fi q . 1 . \ Fig. 4. ,rfA^'' Fiq. 5. Fiq. 9 Plate VI. Fig. 2. Pi a. 7. .1 t ^'i' iii ?. 1. ,? >^? J C\n(.h ^.€\:i ""^S-e. >^ ICC irvch T.Rdel A.T.Mo'iUck hi.i Fig. 8 W.West & C? iTup. Lor.ien: Jona Va.n"^i-3t,MDCCCLXXIX. PLATE XLVIII. FIG. 1. Smittia reticulata, p. 346; witli ooecia. -, var. 3, ■, monstrosity; imion of two cells. 4. , young cell. , outline of a single adult cell. o. 6. Smittia Landsborovii, p. 341. 7. . , old and liiglily calcified. 8. , Avith the peristome sliglitly developed. 9. with elongate and narrow cells. Pla.te 4^8. •a- /r ^ FiQ, 2. I'l o. Cv ) OO -vruiK Fi a.l. ..•--,-,..■4*. -J ■« Fxg.9. ■%. i-f il-'"--,^'.?^ t" « Fig. 6. vi^o i*r«^ K • ' i T.H.cUL.AXH^lUa'^ U^u Loudon : Jakn Van Viioret.MDCCCIiXXIX . 5KJ*'e.vtfe<2c..M>jy. PLATE XLIX. ri(i. 1-3. Smittia trispinosa, p. 353 ; vars. 4. , var. a (Jeffreys:). 5. ^ var. without raised peristome and with very numerous oval avicularia. 6. , old and highly calcified. 7. — — - , with ooecia. 8. , smooth, marginal cells. 9. Phylactella eximia, p. 359*. 10, 11. Smittia affinis, p. 348. * 111 the text this figure is wrongly numberetl 11. -H'iq. -A. 1 / 4^ ■Vaq. 1. Plate ^e. ^k • ■■ .J «■ ^¥:^ , 'P 4 "-r ■* V ■#^^. ?iq. 6. Kig. 4-^. Vig. 5. ..- *-^- lif ■<:iJ-- ^^ T.H.d^^AT.HoUi^ -buk. .l.or.do/.. John Va^ Voorst. MDCCCLXXrX". PLATE L. FIG. 1,2. MucRONELLA Peachii, p. 360. Sec Plate LI. figs. 1, 2. 3. , smooth form. 4^5. . , old states, showing the growth of the calcareous crust over the surface. 6, 8. MuCRONELLA VENTRICOSA, p. 363. 7. , young cells. Plate 50. Fi q . 2 . wo inch Fi q . 4 100 irvch. Fiq. 8 100 rruh 100 T.yich. T.H. delATJiolUck hih West . Newman & C" imp. London. Joh-n Va,n Voorst, MDCCCLXXK.. PLATE LI. FIG. 1. MucRONELLA Peachii, vai. a (labiosa), p. 361. 2. , var. ^ (octodentata), p. 361. 3-6. MucRONELLA VARIOLOSA, p. 366; vars. 7. ^ showing the growth of the superficial crust. 8. MucRONELLA LAQUEATA, p. 368. « "*. f '5. f wo inch. Fi a.l. F.g.8. Flq. 5. 100 -Lnch 100 z>u-li Fiq^ 6. T.flcUl JLTMoliuJc htk. Vft^S-t'^CM-ynttri'^Cc Lonelon ■ JoViTi Va.B.Vi^rsr. MDCCCLXX1X. PLATE LI I. FIG. 1. Palmicellakia Skenki, p. 379; var. ^ (foliacea), about nat. size ; from a beautiful specimeu in the possession of Dr. M'lntosh. 2. ■ , usual form, nat. size. 3. , zocecia. 3 (^ . . ^ zooecium, showing position of the avicu- larium. 4, , form BicoRNis. 5, 6. Palmicellakia lorea, p. 382 ; nat. size, and zocecia magnified. 7. Cellepora ramulosa, p. 401; slightly above nat. size. 8. ■, zocecia. 9 ^ a single cell, showing the spur at the base of the rostrum. iX Fig 3 'H Fiq. 2. t V. •-^. Pla,te 52. r -.,«•-■ f^ ,-.*iW«^' Fxg 7. Kg.S'^" ^^AeL.AT.Scnid<.2iih. London: Jolnn Va.!- Voorst.MDCCCLXXDC W«st NewmoK * C? imp PLATE LIIT. Fin. 1-3. Retepora Beaniana, p. 391 ; uat. size. 4. , zooecia. 5. , dorsal surface. G, 7. Retepora Couchii, p. 395 ; nat. size. 8, 10. , zocEcia. 9. , dorsal surface. 11. , elongate aviculariura. Plate 63. Fag. 2 ^^^:i'fi .'>£:*• af'! \fff|v •>:... ,*•> -«j TKd^A T.RcUuih Utiv. WVr&st^Coiryvp. London: Jol-:a Va.Ti Voorst, MDCCCLXXK . PLATE LIV FIG. 1. Cellepoka I'UMicosA, p. 398; zocecia tVoin the margin of tlie colony. la, lb. , adult zocEcia^ sliowing the form of the rostrum. 2. •;, zooeoium with punctured oviccll. 3. , nat. size ; nodulated form on shell. ovoid on stem. 3^. ■ , ditto, on stone. 4, 5. Cellepoka avicularis, p. 406. 6. ■, large conical avicularium. 7-9. Cellepoka tubigera, ]). 109; from Crag speci- mens, after Busk. 10, 11. Cellepoka akmata, p. 410. 12. , rostrum. 13. , spatulate avicularium. Pici-lO. Fig. 3 Pla,te 54'. Fxg.l. ¥ fflfli>i.rewnt*n.8 C°unp- London: JoKn Van Voo7?st,l/IDCCCLXXDL. PLATE LVIII. no. 1. Stomatopora majoKj p. 427; witli ooecium and triple division of tlie branch. See Plate LXI. 2. , nat. size of the above. 3. . 3 a. , nat. size. 4. , nat. size, from a finely ramified spceimen. Fia.,1. PlsLte58. ' ^^-i.:-atif' _ -i t '^:^^ Fig. 3^. ^ % I '100 inch. \ Fi q . 3 . Fiq.2. Fi q , 4- . ^ ^''^Z'['.^ fOO ziiax •-«^- "HcUl.A.THoUKlcUth,. ii'Kfet&a.i London. . Jok-n VIlii Voorst, MDCCCLXXE . PLATE LIX. I'lG. 1. Stomatopora Johnstoni, p. 430. See Plate LX. 2. Stomatopora incrassata, p. 436. 3. , nat. size. 4. Stomatopora FAScicuLATA, p. 441 ; a colony, enlarged. 5. , nat. size. PlsLte 59. ■": ATHolb,- WestNewmM-.ScC^ i»cf> -onoLou.. Jo}mVa.-ii Voorst, MDCCCLXXDC, PLATE LX. IIG. 1. Stomatopora JohnstonIj p. 430; witli ooecia. See Plate LIX. 1 a. ; uat. size. 2. Idmonea serpens^ p. 453 ; young. See Plate LXI. 3. Tubulipora fimbria, p. 448. 3 «. , nat. size. Plate 60. Pia. 1. T ^■^'^^ N. -■ •.••/;^i'«ai*.;.- ■ ■■.-,•■?'• yC^v:■3^ •.•.-.'X-.:-v^.-.yj ^^*^%^:: .^|:::^ftlttS" '^^i^ ■ St**- V : : . ■■ TH.ld.A.T.HoUieT<.lUh London: Join Va.nV-orst,MDCCCLXXIX. Wast Newman k C imp PLATE LXI. FIG. 1. Stomatopoha MAJOR;, p. 427. See Plate LVIII. 2. Idmonea sekpens^ p. 453; zooecia. 3. , var. RADiATA, uat. size. 4. TuBULiPORA LOBULATA, p. 444; a siiigle lobe. 4a, 4b. , nat. size. 5. , from another specimen. 5 a. ■, nat. size. Fig. i. ''?.^ty- Plate 61. ,'!'' inch Fi, 5. .'■idel.AT.noXUxk hih. London: Jokn VaTL Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. PLATE LXII. I'-ifi. 1. Stomatopora expansAj p. 432; a lobe, enlarged. 1 «. , nat. size. 2. HoRNERA violacea, p. 469; dorsal surface. See Plate LXVai. 3. , ooceium. Plate 6^ . Flq. 3. '00 irich T.H.ddAT.HoUuic Uih Lon M''^^*'*^''' 'i^*l Fiq .'/■ Fio . 8 f% Fig .6 . F13.3. "EoUich Uih: \ Wyrtsti-X:.ixn.. Loudon -• Jotn Vk.n Voorst , MD CCCLXXIX . PLATE LXVI. yio. 1. DiASTOPORA PATINA, p. 458j zooeciii. 2. , a young colony. 3. , ordinary caliculate form. 4. , proliferous disk. 5. ■ -, disk with the lamina wholly adnate. 6. , stipitate form. 7, 8. DiASTOPORA Sarniensis, p. 463 ; portions of the crust, showing several of the operculatc cells, with tubular orifice. 9. , nat. size. 10, 10 a. DiASTOPORxV OBELiA, p. 462 ; portion of the crust, enlarged, and colony, of the natural size. 11, 11a. DiASTOPORA suBORBicuLARis, p. 464 J ditto, ditto. PlnA-c 06. V.-. ■ -*/ / ••■^Vvi----^ .TO Lnch Fiq.6. d:M^ A <■ %■ Fi o(. 5. Fig. 4. Fig. 2. Fxg. 9 F:c^. 11' «;^' © .>^' yp^ -a ^"^%. 5> G? -W^ Fxg.ll. Fia. 10 <^ 100 inch Fiq.7. ,1- . , * -,.'3 »./5rf^ /OC inch Fiq.lO. wo i>i^ TJIMlAXHolhcTclitk W.West 3rCrx.rn.p London^ Jonn. Van Voorst MDCCCLXXIX. . PLATE LXVII. Fro. 1. HoRNERA LICHENOIDES, p. 468; portioii of branchj enlarged. 2. -^ , dorsal surface. 3. , ooecium. 4,5. , nat. size. 6. HoRNERA vioLACEA, p. 469 ; portioii of branch, en- larged. See Plate LXII. 7. , dorsal surface. 8. , nat. size. Plate 67 Fiq. 1. '^y »>■ / S" 0 i-nch Fia 4'. Fiq. 2 --&'■ y *. V ' . ' ^> %'///» .s^-' ,*-/^ ' f ^ /^. f.»»^ Fiq. 6. ■o !J' '^ \ ii y 100 t!ncJt \ ^i Fig. 3. ^4 •^■ S'. ^ 3 *• c tJ gfc 9 5, Fi > . 7. %=i.»':^:^: / S iV- ^? ■***■ ^?*K "J'^.- -*' ^4; too i.«^Ji. Fin. 8. #;3 :-! (W x.r jibUicfc htk. W.West & C iynv. Londoa: Jo"kTi. Va.ii Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. . PLATE LXVin FIG. 1. LicHENoroRA HispiDA, p. 473; a young and simple colony, with one of the ooecial orifices in the centre. 2. , portion of disk. 3. , one of the mamilla; of the composite form. 4. , a composite colony in an early stage. showing the mode of gemmation : nat. size. 5. , adult composite colony, var. S, nat, size. 6. , caliculate form, nat. size. , portion of disk, showing the stellate pores. / 8. , origin of colony. 9. LiCHENOPORA RADiATA, p. 476; enlarged and nat. size. After Tufien West. 10. , one of the ooecial orifices. 11. LiCHENOPORA REGULARis, p. 479; oilargcd (about three times) and nat. size. Fiq. 1. 1^ ^ 'i?,'^;"'^'f' 100 inch Fia. 4- Fiq. 8. Plate 68. t^O i •7 Fx9.2 ' ■■■. -,'■■'• 100 vnjjr. Fig. 10. Fig- 9;^,^^ Fig. 5. Fig 3. ■'2ih3- =* Fiq. 7. « . , A ".HiTWist tW, J.T.J£>Uu* !irii. West NeyrrrMnSc C'f vmc. London- JoknVan VooT-sfc.MDCCCLXXIX. PLATE LXTX. KTO. 1. Alcyonidium gelatinosuM; p. 491 ; lol)ate form, nat. size. 2. , young and simple colonj'-, nat. size. 3. , portion of surface, showing zooecial orifices. 4. Alcyonidium parasiticum, p. 502; specimen invest- ing a Sertularian. 5. , portion of crust as it appears when dried. 6. ) a lobe, showing the arrangement of the cells. 7. Alcyonidium mamillatum, p. 4-95; nat. size.^ 8. — — , zooecia, enlarged. 9. Alcyonidium polyoum, p. 501. After Ilassall. Pla.te69. riq. 8. I'iq. 1 T.S.del.AT.Hoili^ liO-.. y/.West & Cf WrvfJ LoTa,j;i<^ (i>;i V.'. ■.'.est Ov C liHL Lor.aQi;: John Va-r- Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX PLATE LXXL FIG. 1, 2. Arachnidium hippothooides, p. 509, 3^4. Arachnidium clavatum_, p. 510. 5. , a single zooecium. 6,7. Arachnidium fibrosum^ p. 5J1. Plate 71. Fig. 2. i ^.,^" ■[OOiru-K 100 inch. Fia. 7. T.KdUl.AX.Eolluk Utii. We^t Kc*v»ia« £ C ? i>n^ . LotiiioTi: Jot-nVa.li Vboi-st.MDCCCLXXIX. PLATE LXXIL ma, 1. Flustrella HisPiDAj p. 50G ; young zooecia. 2. , zooecia with the spines developed around the orifice only. 3. , a zooecium surrounded by spines. After Sraitt. 4. , the bilabiate orifice with the polypide issuing. 5. , the expanded tentacular bell. 6. BusKiA NiTENs, p. 532; colony creeping over a stem. 7. , a single cell. 7 a. , the retractile sheath unrolled, with operculum of setse. 8. RnAl?D0PLEURA COMPACTA, p. .")81. 8 a. , nat. size. 9. • , portion of the " axial cord/^ with statoblasts {!), seen from below. Platte 7P. i^'==^ Fiq 1. "fviVfff .//. ( F'3 V; •■ '%*^*^>- F:n 3, . / 1 t- Pi( 5. Fig. 7 ^ i ..^^ 100 iru3v -.i* ' — :r Fxg.e. Fiq. 4-. B'lq. 8. 4 J p>l racUi-Ar/ioiijci to« "Vli^Sf JiVwWl-:' Louden: Jolin Van Vocpst .MDCCCIXGX PLATE LXXIII. I'lG. 1. BowERBANKiA iMBRiCATA^ p. 519; ercct form. -, nat. size. 3. Vesicularta spinosa, p. 513; nat. size. 4. , a fully developed branch, with the spi- nous extremities. 5, 6. , growing branches, with blunt extre- mities. -, a young shoot, showing the endosarc and the mode in which the zooecia are connected with it. P.la.te73 Fiq, 4-. '.¥. idM: HolLrk UXh Lor Joh-r st,:Mi:)CCCLXKrx. PLATE LXXIV. FIG, 1. MiMosELLA GRACILIS, p. 556 j nat. size. ^- , portion of a pinna, showing the double line of cells ; a single zocecium thrown back. ^' :, stem, showing the internodes and the tubular projections to which the cells are jointed. '^- , terminal portion of a pinna, with buds in various stages. ^} 6. , zooecia, showing the mode of attach- ment. 7. Amathia lendigera, p. 516 ; nat. size. 8- , one of the sets of cells, with the poly- pides expanded. 9- J portion of zoarium. 1 ^- , extremity of branch, with cells budding. :Fia,4. .-: X 100 iiich 100 incli. Fl q. 2. w Fig. 8 wo inch. rH-p^ ATHoUiAh.UC. London; JohTs. Va-Ti. 'Vbo^'st.MDCCCLXXDC WWestti. C^imf, PLATE LXXV. FIG. 1-4. Valkeria v\a, erect form (cuscuta), p. 551. 5. , repent £orm^ on CoraUina. 6. BOWERBANKIA GRACILLIMA, p. 525. 7. BowERBANKiA CAUDATA, p. 521; showing the biscrial arrangement of the zooecia and the caudate extre- mity. 8. . Plate 75. f-1 ~\Y''v^j^.^ ig.D. 1 %^~ I X 100 mch Fiq.l. X !^ '-A V ' ^^^^ T.HMl.Ji.T.HoViA,lui-i.. W.WettgtCorimp LonAon: Joiin Va-ti Voorst, MDCCCLXXDC. PLATE LXXVI. FIG. 1 . BowERBANKiA pusTULosA, p. 522 : nat. size. 2. , group of cells, with polypides expaaded. 3-5. , zooecia, showing the subspiral arrange- ment. 6. BowERBANKiA ciTRiNA, p. 524 ; nat. size. 7. , group of cells, with polypides expanded. 8. , ditto, showing its comparatively small size. Fiq. 7. Fig. 8. Tia.S. Pl^te76 Fiq.6. ^ I'lg 4. Fiq. 2. W Fiq.l. 5^ w:'U,1 \< '/ T:S del.ATEoUuk luh. Lonaon: Joliu Va.M Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX. . PLATE LXXVII. FIG. 1, 2. Cylindrcecium dilatatum, p. 536. See Plate LXXIX. 3, 3 a. Cylindrcecium giganteum, p. 535. 4. , showing the ova collected at the top of the zocecium previous to escape. 5, 5 «. Anguinella palmata, p. 539. 6. Avenella ruscA^ p. 527. After Dalyell. 7. . After Wyville Thomson. Plate 77. T.H. del AXSoihck lith. W.Wesl sC^imp l.ondoxi: John Van Voorst, MDCCCLXXIX, PLATE LXXVIII. FIG. 1. HippuRARiA Egertoni, p. 549; portion of the erect stem, with whorls of cells. 2. , a zooecium, much enlarged, showing the ventral aperture. 3. , showing the degree in which the cell can be bent. After a sketch by Sir P. Egerton. 4. , nat. size *. 5. Farrella repens, p. 529. After Van Beneden. 6. , form ELONGATA. Ditto. * Figs. 1, 2, and 1 are after Busk. Fi a. 1 Plate 78 AT HoUjxU Ufh W.^Vist * C*? wo Lor-clon: tJolna Va,Ta Voorst, IvIDCCCLXXJX . PLATE LXXIX. FIG. 1-3. Cylindrgecium dilatatum^ p. 536 ; from specimens developed on shell, with a large spinous dilata- tion at the base of the zooecium. 4, 5. ViCTORELLA PAviDA, p. 561 ; showing the expanded and decumbent base of the cell, and the Campy- lonemidan arrangement of the tentacles. 6. , the tentacular wreath. 7. , a zooecium in an early stage of develop- ment, the polypide forming within the decum- bent portion. T.H.Ael. AT.HoUwk Ubk. W. Wests Cfimp. Lonion: Jo'knVa.n.VooT-stMDCCCLXXIX. PLATE LXXX. riG. 1,1a. Valkekia tkemula, p. 554. -, polypide expanded, and cells showing the setose operculum. 3. Triticella pedicellata, p. 547. -, zooecium, showing the ventral side and the aperture. -, zooecium, with polypide expanded. After Alder. 6. Triticella Korenii, p. 545. After G. O. Sars. See Plate XLV. figs. 8-10. 7. Triticella flava, p. 543. After Dalyell. 8. Cylindr(ecium pusillum, p. 537*. 9. ? Cylinur(ecium pusillum, dwarf var., p. 538; or possibly a distinct species. * This figure is defective in not showing the expansion at the base of the zooecia. See woodcut, p. 5.38. Pla-te 80. TK leL.ATJioUCck Utk. 'W.'Wisi& C^imjB. London: Joliii"Va.iiYoorst,MDCCCLXXIX. PLATE LXXXI. FIG. 1. Pedicellina cernua, var. glabra, p. 565. 2. — — , elongated form. 3. , showing the tentacles folded in. 4-6. Pedicellina gracilis, p. 570. 7, H. LoxosoMA singulare, p. 573. 9-11. LoxosoMA claviforme, p. 575. 12. Fragment of the skin of Hermione, with individuals of the last species in situ, nat. size. Pio(.7, Fig 10. i«I'. A 7 KoUick UtK. 100 vncK VTWestic C'vnp Lonaon -To'hTi 7a,n Voor st MDCCCI.TXTX PLATE LXXXII. FIG. 1. Rhabdopleura Normani, p. 580; nat. size. 2. , portion of the zoarium, with the con- tained polypideSj very much enlarged. 3. The polypide of R. mirabilis, Sars^ removed from its cell: c, the " buccal shield ; " d, the cord by which the polypide is attached to the axial rod. 4. R. NoRMANi, statoblast, 5. , polypide bud in a very early stage. 6. , ditto more advanced : a, one of the two fleshy plates between which the developing poly- pide is included. 7. , ditto in a still more advanced stage. [All the above figures are after Allman, with the ex- ception of fig. 3, which is copied from G. O. Sars.] Plate 82 d^^M^' Tio 1 r 1 q . o , AT.HolUck Ixih ijondon.- Jo Vim PLATE LXXXIII * Larval forms. no. 1. LoxosoMA singulare; larva in the act of swimming. 2. TuBULiPORA FLABELLARis (? FIMBRIA of the present work) ; general appearance of the free larva. 3. Alcyonidium mytili ; free larva, front view. 4. MiCROPORELLA ciLiATA; free larva, viewed in profile. 5. Cellepora pumicosa ; free larva. 6. BuGULA flabellata ; free larva. 7. EucRATEA chelata; free larva, viewed in profile. 8. Valkeria uva, form cuscuta; free larva, front view. 9. Membranipora pilosa ; larva {Cyphonautes co/ti- pressus) immediately after liberation. 10. Flustrella hispida ; free larva. Lettering of the Figures. S. Oral surface. I. Aboi-al surface. C. Ciliary corona. ph. Pharynx. ce. ffisophagus. E. Eectum. est. Stomach. o. Mouth of the gastrula. ms. Oral mesoderm. mi. Aboral mesoderm. cc. Cavity of the body. CD. Digestive cavity. oc. Eye-speck. Jl. Flagellum. pi. Ciliary plume. vt. Sucker. V. Adhesive organ. sb. Furrow separating the aboral mass and the surface bearing the ciliary corona. si. Furrow separating the sucker and the lower portion of the aboral surface. RM. Maximum point of the aboral mass. RV. Border of the sucker. r. Great retractors. va. Tactile organ (in Lo.xosoma). mp. Pigment of pharynx (in Alci/o- mdittm). Obscure portion of the body- cavity between the two branches of the stomach. Lateral diverticulum of the foi-egoiug. coq. Shell (in Ci/phonautes). cc. cce * The figures in this Phite are all copied, by the author's kind permis- eion, from Dr. J. Barrois's admirable work on the Embryology of Ihe Polyzoa, with the exception of fig. 6, which is after IS'itsche. Plate 83. Fig. 4^ ^^'. ^^.^. ^-^i CD CD Fio. 3. Fiff.e. Fii^ 10 Fi^.8. Fur. P. If pi , RM >'^" ... St // KV iM pn CD ""9 - ^> ^o- ^:^<:<:S : ^^- 7 est 1-., est "-est est After Barrois :;':;'';'^-- '. ■ ' ■■ ', ' ' ■ '■, ', '.• -f 'i I '/i. i, I, '■■ •i 'i ', ■' r ' I '. ' -.J',- '(■' ', 'i . '■ '' '.'■ :', ', '.■ ' 't 'i *• • 'r ■■,'■, '.•-,■■■ ', '.■ '. '. ' •■' ■ • ]'■', •, , '.'.^ ,■','. '. ' '•,''.''/•- •.'',■■•1 '••.'. ■,::'< '',■, ■;•; ■,■ r . 1 •/ ', ' ' ','.', '.1 I >; >, 'i "l ', '. 'l I ■ < ' ■ f ' ' '. ■ '» ■ ',,v '.,■',•.,.,•; ', ', '.-'. 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