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OU Ue LW i ek : ’ LAN Wa ‘ wis) ! AG HF Whe: Ven x eah ee 8 he 4 to We Levin es i Mites WYK Oc re sii 4 rout RU wade oe bh behew y hated amo et No Met AS GALE ue u\ Ou HAW tala an iM wast au ray rie ‘7 ; aaa ne vi ‘ + 4 ‘ iis " : Wy Ny aN te an i a nite “ne Aad if Ms “ han aS ae i “i 12 A EGA Su ! ii aH ne ae) : bbe ve ja ' A ‘ , tt vha) yin ila mi Da Seen CE al aan : Rh ait, coe OO SOLS Cte aie as Gh Onna ia RING Wee eeoun ie oe ' + a a ai eyhet Was y far: o” Hy ou ‘ ' ‘ \ Bens i, hie RCC thee ‘ee aa ee ee oa ‘he } yas Oates ahah iH 4a le ee> f° \ ‘ ' POL LMC RURAL REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION RARY “HOTTA 3 1833 02390 3 LL 559 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/historyofdividinO2byrd_0 HISTORY OF THE AND Bther Tracts. FROM THE PAPERS OF WILLIAM BYRD, OF WESTOVER, IN VIRGINIA, ESQUIRE. kK VOL. At. “Fourney to the Land of Eden, Etc. aichivond, Ua. : 1866. 41681108 Hiftorical Documents Bly Wominion. Now, UL. “‘ Gather up the Fragments that remain.” tra uh ra Lee. er ane ae era Eprrron oF 200 COPIES, te tr es i H Sean ae a Sle yay ae i a A as RIA a ND a alr a a j a a Ye ba : Pe han wi) hey s hear te iS ei eh re ee va , op Cad / ; Th Desa! soma : pa y ef AS i ay | 4 a3 bene) he ee re na aan JOURNEY TO THE LAND OF EDEN AND BMther Tracts. BY i WILLIAM BYRD, OF WESTOVER, IN VIKGINIA, ESQUIRE Printed from the Original Manufcript. Hilo, Mat 1866. ; ae So ae a rant ia 4 j me vane aks: sus'f ods ab @ingnet? +6 fod on gollaneoe boreal . AyMyw Hd 2AMOnT eared. ‘borin sey Yo. dyso DihiG slg Ww 9sThO vasl9 sit al aid Yo otiabe| a oe | ar ee ; t vf i ve : , p r : ih ge alan ame DO ee ; } 5 Es ty iy yl ‘w 9 } : r t : = $ phil! CURSES IS amet * oi One Pp inte F Lie iM ing in ' i % By if i ae } irk ip aa Pe si an; 43 ek a Bi vy he fi hy a3 f Oa nk 7 . aA j r ne i Ph oe a ni i } Ki et : ae A, ; oi . ‘ ; ay i i? ie r nw fe a } - » cA ee oan OL ay oar ny yi v4 * oy Cus JOURNEY THE LAND OF EDEN: ANNO 1733. AVING recommended my Family to the Protection 733 of the Almighty, I croft the river with 2 Servants Sept.11 =4, and 4 Horfes, and rodeto Colo. Mumford’s. There =~" \) I met my Friend, Mr. Banifter, who was to be the kind we Companion of my Travels. I ftayed dinner with the Good Colonel, while Mr. Banifter made the beft of his way home, to get his Equipage ready, in order to join me the next day. After dining plentifully, and wifhing all that was good to the houfehold, I proceeded to Major Mumford’s, who had alfo appointed to go along with me. I was the more obliged to Him, becaufe he made me the Complement to leave the Arms of a pretty Wife, to lye on the Cold Ground for my Sake. She feemed to chide me with her Eyes, for coming to take her Bed- fellow from her, now the Cold weather came on, and to make my peace, I was forced to promife to take abundance of Care of Him, in Order to reftore him Safe and Sound to her Em- braces. | B? ‘Wade. 40 qMAL aHT “EEYt a Se ec oh NAT i at At ise pe tae sy fovsoiorl odd op yf on bobnomemosg DVIVA ae p22 eitevied @ diiur yovin add Bor I eidgialA of: Io Bey r~“sidT .2'badteaw Bl \oloD 03 abon bus weeroll 4 bas JES Bik Sw, ‘bolt ods od of enw od oft aM bash ym tom I 2) od) dviw sonnib beyeht I veil yig to noinegmoD cid Yo ftod ode wheny wflicotl aM dlidw lonoloD boos “9 alot oF tebe ot pybsos ogeqiupa 2itl 199 07 omad yaw cow sade Hs geidliw bas .qlvtiaslg gainib iA .yeb ten odw @"brotmuM aojaM 3 bebsese1 I .bloddwod od 01 boog Hogdde som atreswy Tsar eoie gaols og 03 boiniogge Ole bed aiuto) ovsal ot mnoerolgene ody om ober od Stuxzod ail o3 ; of@ - aale2 yori 14 brug) bloD odo ao ayl 07 sti yaiempe to “hott aed saei of ynionos Yoh 2074 xed dtiw om obido 03 bees} | gis 93 bag .no oma veddasow bloD sd? won pion not wollst 7182 Ye sonsbands sale) of stimorq, ot manen's snag yen 10 val 08 bnuvoe hae oe oatind 2 Aa “fourney to 1733 = After the Major had cleared his Pipes, in calling with much Sept.12 ae amet Authority about him, he made a Shift to trufs up his Baggage about Nine a’Clock. Near the Same Hour my Old Friend and Fellow Travellor, Peter Jones, came to us compleatly ac- coutred. [Chen we fortifi’d ourfelves with a Beef-Steake, kii’t our Landlady for good Luck, and mounted about ten. The Major took one Robin Bolling with him, as Squire of his Body, as well as Conductor of his Baggage. Tom Short had prom- ifed to attend me, but had marry’d a Wife and could not come. We croft Hatcher’s Run, Gravelly Run, Stony Creek, and in the diftance of about 20 Miles reach’t Sappony chappel, where Mr. Banifter join’dus. Thus agreeably reinfore’t we proceeded ten Miles further, to Major Embry’s, on the South Side of Nottoway River. The Major was ill of a purging and vomit- ing, attended with a Feaver which had brought him low; but I prefcribed him a Gallon or two of Chicken Broth, which wafh’t him as clean asa Gun, and quench’t his feaver. Here Major Mayo metus, well equip’t for a March into the Woods, bringing a Surveyor’s Tent, that would Shelter a Small Troop. Young Tom Jones alfo repaired hither to make his Excufe ; but Old Tom Jones, by the priviledge of his Age, neither came nor fent, fo that we were not fo ftrong as we intended, being difappointed of 3 of our Ableft Forefters. The Entertainment we met with was the lefs Sumptuous by Reafon of our Land- lord’s Indifpofition. On this Occafion we were as little Trou- blefome as poflible, by fending part of our Company to Richard Birch’s, who lives juft by the Bridge over the River. We fent for an Old Indian called Shacco-Will, living about 7 Miles of, who reckon’d himfelf 78 years Old. “This fellow pretended he could conduét us to a Silver Mine, that lyes either upon Eno River, or a Creek of it, not far from where the Tufcaruros once lived. But by fome Circumftances in his Story, it feems to be rathera Lead than a Silver Mine. However, fuch as it oe ons es busied MO yen. eed: Prva "a ont a weds ~22 ylselqmos au od sia one], Rr aks: c “tiit 9de02-lo0fl 0. die eoy laa bina ow nodT poli of'T .not tuods banner hme stow boeg vot ybslbnst aao cybofl cid Yo svinpé! en petit dblw guile gidod oe -mroiqg bet nodé moT .sgeggetl dat toe eBubacD es Howes, imo ton blues bas aV4 2 beeen bad tod orm bnests 03 boli ai bas loot ynote gaa ilove) saul sponge se ow ‘oraduy loqqsds ynoqankd 28960 eal in to 20nm iaieies,| aw Spiciaiot Yidesarge out ee iMaioi 193ht % shie dined of} ao .2*yidmd roja Mh 0 gtoiiiut aati not “Title las gcigwg @ to th eaw wp, of | viovil yomonoWl, md ; wo! cud. sdaword Bat Aoitw wevked « dsiw hobeoaae t awods gnivil (liW-ooond! botleo nigibal f off a aa walls aid T., HO exe a Wslaniel bi ‘dost of ond soqu sadtis aol. sae? bail rayhie: & OP ey fuhoan be commen E ous. sodw mort uit. son, dl to aye 4 e: escral i pyro aid sth, aronnfenwri ee ae chovdl so ro «tee dod pevewoH oni ihn & age wat redness aS the Land of Eden. 3 is, he promifed to go and Shew it to me whenever I pleafed. 1733 To comfort his Heart, I gave him a Bottle of Rum, with which > ta he made himfelf very happy, and all the Familey very miferable by the horrible Noife he made all Night. Our Landlord had great relief from my Remedy, and found 13 himfelf eafy this Morning. On this Account we took our de- parture with more SatisfaCtion, about Nine, and having pick’t up our Friends at Mr. Birch’s, purfued our Journey over Quoi- que Creek, and Sturgeon Run, as far as Brunfwick Court houfe, about 12 Miles beyond Netoway. By the way, I fent a Run- ner half a Mile out of the Road to Colo. Drury Stith’s, who was fo good as to come to us. We cheer’d Our hearts with Three Bottles of pretty good Madeira, which made Drury talk very hopefully of his copper Mine. We ealily prevailed with him to let us have his Company, upon condition we would take the Mine in our way. From thence we proceeded to Meherin River, which lys 8 Miles beyond the Court houfe, and in our way forded Great Creek. For fear of being belated, we called _ hot at my Quarter, where Don Pedro is Overfeer, and lives in good Repute amoneit his Neighbours. In Complement to the little Major we went out of our way, to ly ata Settlement of his upon Cock’s Creek, 4 Miles Short of Roanoak. Our Fare here was pretty Coarfe, but Mr. Banifter and I took Poffeffion of the Bed, while the reft of the Company lay in Bulk upon the Floor. This Night the little Major made the firft difcovery of an impatient and peevifh Temper, equally unfit both for a "Tra veller and a Hufband, In the Morning my friend Tom Wilfon made me a Vifit, 14 and gave me his Parole that he would meet us at Blue Stone Caftle. We took Horfe about Nine, and in the diftance of Ten Miles reach’t a Quarter of Colo. Stith’s, under the Man- agement of John Tomafin. This Plantation lies on the Weft Side of Stith’s Creek, which was fo full of Water, by reafon of ape | datibve thse a : tinal oldansties yaw alien oi Un Ca a ele a Apr bnuot baw ybore St gon sent Yoilgn among badd brolbasdow F * -ob 10 4009 aw serdooA ail) WO gril, zidy Yeo Matenid SAsiq gnived bas oak sede noi Dateinn2 10m iw Sung -iovO vo yaninel, we bositnug eto al4 ss ebasikh abo qu a ; wod nue doiwhin€l en ast en nw hodg 178 bis aiostD sup uw s maT ctw seh ewan” ‘bnovod afl -ef dwods a i 2zow ow odds? yiorkT .olaD at baot oir Yo 10 SHIN ‘® Med won ie a ssid T doive aster ww Bresso W ley Or sation ores boog a yiov dle) yi obser déidw yiabel Boos aieg to. Zlnoll coil diiwr balieveig yltes 9 V7 aM, asqqoo eid ‘Yo ylitoqod = ¥ od? ods) bluow sw Helibros noqy yyaeqmoD zi Seed emigel os niisdeM of behest ow sonod? met -vew qUeh Al Sal wo ni bas ,Sivot nye ‘edt baoyed es 8 evi Holter povill beilro ow -hosaled gnisd Yo 19% 10% bhsexD mot) bebiol yaw nr eovil baie wsshovO 2t osloT not] ethdW one gen de fon . sit? of tasehnolqeoD nl wnoddgisMt sid fgnomes ajuqee boog to Invmoline® & os vi oo yew awe To wo Inow ow roja olzsil oT wO dteomiof Yo tod? elit $ GleeiD edooD aoqu 2id nolistod door bras vwihined aM tad ShaoD yo sew ood ot aoqu Ale init ysl qieqinoD oil? Yo fist ors ofidwe. boll ads to “Yo yrovostib fall adysbern sole sieail Gab tigi xd T r00!F “uF B 10T aa tity hig sa ore beesanaltaageni ne : | bite ais ® Son billet Mie enh sei Peano snes sulfl 95 au 299ut bluow od ‘yody stored eid ony ovg brs Yo somadhih oh ni baa’ alt suche droll door oWiicasthizD ~nild, sil rabies (edn. an day 9 fore son-oaty ~~ ye * fis V? sift no zoil nolsmall eid T We Ss Ea 1733: Sept. Nig 4 AA “fourney to a Frefh in the River, that we cou’d not ford it, but we and our Baggage were paddled over in a canoe, and our Horfes swam by our Sides. After Staying here an Hour, with fome of Diana’s Maids of Honour, we crofl’t Miles’ Creek a Small Diftance off, and at the End of Eight Miles were met by a tall, meager Figure, which I took at firft for an Apparition, but it proved to be Colo. Stith’s Miner. I concluded that the unwholefome Vapours arifing from the Copper Mine had made this Operator fuch a Skeleton, but upon Enquiry underftood that it was Shear Famine had brought him fo low. He told us his Stomach had not been blef’t with one Morfel of Meat for more than three Weeks, and that too he had been obliged to Short Allowance of Bread, by reafon Corn was Scarce and to be fetch’t from Tomafin’s, which was ten long Miles from the Mine where he liv’d. However, in Spite of this Spare dyet, the man was chear- full, and uttered no Complaint. eing conducted by him, we reach’t the Mines about five a’clock, and pitch’t our Tents, for the firft time, there being yet no Building erected but a Log- houfe, to Shelter the Miner and his two Negroes. We exam- ined the Mine and found it dip’t from Eaft to Weft, and fhew’d ‘but a Slender Vein, embody’d in a hard rock of White Spar, ee The Shaft they had open’d was about 12 feet deep, and 6 Over. I faw no more than one Peck of good Ore above Ground, and that promif’d to be very Rich. The Engineer feem’d very fanguine, and had not the leaft doubt but his Employer’s For- tune was made. He made us the Complement of 3 Blafts, and We filled his Belly with good Beef in return, which in his hun- gry Circumftances was the moft agreeable Prefent we cou’d make him. It rain’d in the Morning, which made us decamp later than we intended, but the Clouds clearing away about ten, We wifh’t good luck to the Mine and departed. We left Colo. Stith there to keep faft with his Miner, and dire&ted our Courle thro’ sonafiC Uame.» asaxe > hee Pycom lad 2 yd sous Siow anti a ot boven 1i tad .moniiagg” pact oy ; amodlatodwau girls geal bsbulowan E) tpaiM é 7 ro | voinieqQ vids obser bed oni v9qqoO sea amor qlee ie ve isod2 esw tt tarts hoodhwbaw inpad qu aud nosslsdé & dow z 3 bed dosmos? aif au bly sh .wol of arid atgeord begniewl soir? ned2 stom tot reall to Iso onto airy 2 lald. nao ton sonswollA jod@ 02 bogildo ased bade cot tnt: bas eo mot idoist od of bam sow? 2ew atoDiaglesr yd dbeml to ., od siadyr. sail od) mot. eal gaol nea enw. soidw enilaeweT am ~wod2 esw oan of sarrbonnge aul doe a ~avewoH), .b‘vil, ow itid yd boidebaos yeiol oO) om bers. bine it | rot ,2n9T wo. t'doti¢ bag, jdaols" & Ove. nods: gonil/. odd 3\donen ‘ -p0.L w tud befSars souiblinl on toy pitied sued? col Aaa odd, -sxa 9) ,2s0xg3i ows aid bow teal oalgaosiode. 09 Prati b'wodt bas tts W of feA mow rqib ai bauct bas oni oid bent ing? sid W to sso: busd & ai. b'ybodme gio V iobaglé & aed. ov QO 3 bas 99 test £8 mods. eow b'noge bed yorls ted, a ban brug? eveds s1Q: boog Ye: alos. ono marty v0 on yoy bimest weasigad of T tons qr od: ot) blimorg | t -10'4 a‘yolqen A viet ud sduab ‘sal onl aon pen: nitrgad bos ,afialth ¢ to somal ¢ bs cies | wa ~nud git ab doidw ation ai Yootl baay dave: iling bai oda | b*wov ow pansion lil iat aici ca ‘ane ie Se ray , _e ¥ a vy ey Ss e —_ rung ssieks alas eu prisns rn ‘i ue if on oW oat swede. yows -ynhimsloy eb wees dsi12 .oloD Haba W - .borngeb directly ‘oudt atic m6 bofiguib aaa sala ‘ the Land of Eden. 5 the Woods to Boucher’s Creek, which hath its Name from an «/33 re ept. honeft Fellow that lives upon it. This place is about 6 Miles | from Colo. Stith’s works, and can alfo boaft of a very fair Shew of Copper Oar. Itis dug out of the fide of a Hill, that rifes gradually from the Creek to the Houfe. The good Man was from Home himfelf; but his Wife, who was as old as one of the Sybills, refrefh’t us with an Ocean of Milk. By the Strength of that Entertainment, we proceeded to Mr. Mumford’s Quarter, about 5 Miles off, where Jofeph Colfon is Overfeer. Here our thirfty Companions raif’d their drooping Spirits with a chearfull Dram, and having wet both Eyes, we rode on 7 Miles farther to Blue Stone Caiftle, 5 whereof were thro’ my own Land, that is to fay, all above Sandy Creek. My Land there in ali extends 10 Miles upon the River; and 3 charming Iflands, namely, Sapponi, Occaneeche, and Totero, run along the whole length of it. The loweft of thefe Iflands is three Miles long, the next 4, and the uppermoft 3, divided from each other by only a Narrow Strait. The Soil is rich in all of them, the Timber large, and a kind of Pea, very gratefull to Cattle and Horfes, holds green all the Winter. Roanoke River is divided by thefe Iflands ; that part which runs on the North Side is about 80 Yards, and that on the South more than roo, A large Ifrefh will overflow the lower part of thefe Iflands, but never covers all, fo that the Cattle may always recover a Place of Security. The Middlemoft Ifland, called Occaneeche Ifland, has feveral fields in it where Occaneeche Indians formerly lived, and there are ftill fome remains of the Peach Trees they planted. Here grow likewife excellent wild Hops without any Cultivation. My Overfeer, Harry Morris, did his utmoft to entertain me and my Company ; the worft of it was, we were obliged all to be litter’>d down in one Room, in Company with my Landlady and four children, one of which was very Sick, and confequently very fretfull. ae me ome at ee ee hag | 4 Bae ae | esti 0 wods ai, to wade 1st. yey n¥e ylleulerg esti aed, toohi's omokl mot enw Arias ealiidyd od) Yo.ono ae hilo aE reilt Yo Adgeasse ely ye im roe) aK dig eu "ho sods one a‘ bnolina lt iM 2 beba200%4 OW rk a briny su, 939 costo ai ndiloD dgsiol, oraddw Go ali 2 efor. lLsitoacls & daiw nivige gniggorb tied bigs envianqmod ould o3 zodlingt ealill ¢ ao abor ow Foxes fiod tow gatved bas pr Wks “4: kt SNS ot zi ted? bow) myo yan ‘ois o0W. fooisdw rd 2 snore ( ehasixe [in at saedy bust yM door) ybase ovode Ils a cdsraen- ebasl gain og baw 3 previa ol? mnogu. eal or . digael.slodyw sda gaol cua aneT. brs ait sosng29@ tioggne offs gaol zoliM sande: 2) ebmefth, sods Yo Dowol odT ai Yo s vino xd redt0 dogs moa. bebivib ef Momoyqu ods bos eh Ixon oda Todds eng to Us oi dot 2i hog od T -digys2 yous 2300 bas ole os Msitswrig yey 04 to bar s bas agiel ‘stods yd bebivib ai i9visl sdonsoA roamiW ods Na noegg eblod o8 iuods ai sbi2 dno adi no «nun dpidw, req. ded rae ator ogal A, OT sas? som, dauo? ada_ao sod? bas gebis¥ . aa z1svo> roven sud ,ebnaltl desde to aang, yowol oda woBaeve. fiw ae “Gh296 to soald.s wyoass exyswls yar oleae. od2 aad oh lls m lssove) esd bell odpoenseaO: beliga, desl, bie : ! oT * iies opods bis -bovil yheunnet angibal o dw ti a . sol bosiialg yous eoor't mort ads ie, eaisanes, ae | | a ncsauiypield Lan nies, iie eaifte oro a 28m ji — ae 93 bie ybulbasd yen daiwe a aaa bees lesabeurs pa | Pa ice tel rfae ihe, Hany 7 J 1733 Sept. 6 A “fourney to This being Sunday, and the place where we were quite out of Chriftendom, very little Devotion went forward. I thought it no harm to take a Sabbath day’s Journey, & rode with my Overfeer toa new Entry I had made upon Blue Stone Creek, about 3 Miles from the Caftle, and found the Land very fertile & convenient. It confifts of Low Grounds and Meadows on both Sides the Creek. After taking a View of this, we rode 2 Miles farther to a Stony Place, where there were fome Tokens of a Copper Mine, but not hopefull enough to lay me under any Temptation. “hen we return’d to the Company, and found Tom Wilfon was come according to his promife, in order to proceed into the Woods along with Us. Jo. Colfon likewife entered into pay, having cautioufly made his Bargain for a Pit tole. There were 3 Tufkeruda Indians, (which I underftood had been kept on my Plantation to hunt for Harry Morris,) that with much ado were alfo perfuaded to be of the party. My Landlady cou’d not forbear difcovering fome broad Signs of the fury, by breaking out into infolent & paffionate Expreffions againft the poor Negroes. And if my Prefence cou’d not awe Her, I concluded fhe could be very outrageous when I was an hundred Miles off. This inference I came afterwards to un- derftand was but too true, for, between the Hufband and the: Wife, the Negroes had a hard time of it. 17 We {fet off about nine from Blue Stone Caftle, and rode up the River 6 Miles, (one half of which diftance was on my own Land,) as far as Major Mumford’s Quarter, where Mafter Ho- gen was Tenant upon Halves. Here were no great Marks of Induftry, the Weeds being near as high as the Corn. My Iflands run up within a little way of this Place, which will expofe them to the Inrode of the Major’s Creatures. That call’d Totero Ifland, lyes too convenient not to receive Damage that way ; but we muft guard againft it as wellas we can. After the Major had convinct Himfelf of the Idlenefs of his Tenant, he yin Hiw obor pysatiuel, lend ortot? oulél fioqu 34 sh won Shins yiev bast sty baw ar ane no zwobsst bas ebain’®) wo Ye 5) ec pik ¢ obo ow ,2i? Yo wolV 8 “gnidar soRA ‘aberd vi tabi esto T smol aw sisdy sisdw soul yore £03 wodtut yon isbew ver yal at dguons Hulsqond son aud oni’, vaqgo9 & Yo | bavot, bas cctegea” ody or bwin Ww oad. wr | h ot isbio “ni limorq dil es gnibroso8 ‘Smoo ew noire ‘or , 1 ‘ Slivotil ‘ndioD .of ah dsiw gaols ebeoW or) omni bomoiq | i Ai4 sg 10% niggrell aid Shar yRuvoitwes ghived eeaq otni boas ies booftieban 1: doidw) emeibul absrohuT § S19 ihe (zinoM yreH 10) sad os aoltsinslT yn fo Igo nasd bad yMi .ytreq att to ad od bobautiog ole. 19 ‘obs dover dai aa od to engi beowd sedi grit vostib issdit ton b'uo> ybalbant enoitarqxA sisnoisq vb tnaidlai otni so goidsond ys ont own ton b'ue> 9ansioa4 yen i baA aoorge¥i Wood ony w I nodw evosgmiwa yor od bluoo sft bobulonos spe | iu of 2biswisiis sama | soqeisiai eid T lil tate ot) bar basdtwWH ods mogweasd | <2u13 OO i. ew oR ai Yo om bund s bad 2001971 oT i qu abot bas offtaD anoie auld moi sain ods Po 3 ‘Ww awo ym neo esw sonadtib al kt was S59) elit é ovis 2 -oH wihsM sodw., croiew® eb otf . G 1B. to aie yaoig on ssw ool geeeen ogy ‘meno 7} y Ap yM .m10D ors en gid me won gaiod 2 Loy aut | Stoqxe Uiw doufw jooal zit to qow 4 obit. £ nie ! orsio T bles isd T 201891) ‘ott font to 9 , yew sees agarnel svisos1 of jon rnoimevnos ov 7 aeith ody with “neo ow es How 26 Wo Atlege ir aul od .jasaa'T dsl 16 Aonslbl oft Yo HAI sontvnes ‘4 ‘ om ie “lie Ay the Land of Eden. 7 return’d back to Blue Stone, and Harry Morris and I went in queft of a fine Copper Mine, which he had Secured for me in the Fork. For which purpofe, about a Quarter of a Mile, higher than Hogen’s, we croft a Narrow Branch of the River into a fmall Ifland, not yet taken up, and after traverfing that, forded a much wider Branch into the Fork of the Roanoke River. Where we landed was near 3 Miles higher up than the Point of the Fork. We firft directed our Courfe Eafterly to- wards that Point, which was very Sharp, and each Branch of the River Where it divided firft feem’d not to exceed 80 Yards in Breadth. The Land was broken and barren off from the River, till we came within half a Mile of the Point where the Low- grounds began. The Same Sort of Low Ground run up each Branch of the River. That on the Staunton (being the North- ern Branch) was but Narrow, but that on the South, which is called the Dan, feem’d to carry a wedth of at leaft half a Mile. After difcovering this Place, for which I intended to enter, we rode up the Mid-land 5 Miles to view the Mine, which in my Opinion hardly anfwered the Trouble of riding fo far out of our way. We returned downwards again about 4 Miles, and a Mile from the Point found a good Ford over the North Branch, into the upper end of Totero Ifland. We croft the River there, and near the Head of the Tfland faw a large Quantity of Wild Hops growing, that {melt fragrantly, and feem’d to be tn great perfection. At our firft Landing we were fo hampered with Brambles, Vines and Poke Bufhes, that our Horfes could hardly force their way thro’ them. However, this Difficulty held only about 25 Yards at each end of the Ifland, all the reft being very level and free from Underwood. We met with Old Fields where the Indians had formerly liv’d, and the Grafs grew as high as a Horfe and his Rider. In one of thefe Fields were large Duck Ponds, very firm at the Bottom, to which Wild fowl refort in the Winter, In the Woody part of the Ifland 1733 Sept.317 bs * 91a Wt bowiss2 bad bgt all. tag AM & Yo: vor) a ‘thirty. events als = vi aii Ww ama weer * ; gc ea | se . arty hi rid au inp salt f uo ‘ane Dsbnal ow ~ -o} yhinhed Shed swo- beBelb Aaa, 2W iol ody 02 to Hone dope hae pad? yay, aaw doidw aniot | ted 2 nivbis'Y S@obseses ot ion best SAA bobivib si oad WT rovidl ola vit odt moit Re soned bos aodeud ew bast dT. Ashaonll “eon oils ovoitw wioD dz to det Mad aicloivy mms, ow lia ‘gh i) alt ‘ite a" nediwsd odd sw rel T aavill ols he un ai a doidtee Hwee silt no ods tud ewous tod enw (donerll m9 TM s Und feol ae to dabew.s yrrea of bimost .aeCl odd bolles ow yrointog bobaanti IT doidw wi onal aids nits vom 1A ven ni doidve yaoi sdyowaiv os zoliMi 2 basl- biM ods qu abot to" 190 wit ob goibla te sldyorT ody borowir ylband noiniqO ‘f) Dot gol > weds atime abiawn wob,bonusio7 2 WwW yaw mo masi€l wia10%A odds r97o bio, boos bauoh iniod ou mort oM. 2 ri os flor oW cba ofl ointe'T Yo bas 2qqu dt omti ie : > pi nso og1el @ wal bnafil ods to beol. on) 1898. ‘baa ~orods Pai = ai 9d of b‘ase bae oylomenyedtt, sloesit dod? guiworg 2qoH bliW ae. boegmisd Ol ow ow goibasd fk wo 2A noifetiog iwoTg biuox eitieH wo: ‘tRehy ped eel, slot bn. zoni¥ , olds lwo MiC] eid) ovo well ands. ‘ouls yew ee aud vil | Bay orld: Ue baw Ad, Yecbus omy me eb an sods din i bLO) daiw'seim 9 WE sboow robe evil got brs toval a v | wig Amt) orf) bos boil alroneieit bod. avoid ols siete bl eae er a bhST al Sheth: Yo. ono al hist aid bas not | DEW daitw ‘or monte, oft 29 mpi yee abn Agnetha Yo. ma bietiaiie wei asa W re eae 1733 Sept. Neo mee 8 44 Fourney to rows a Vetch, that is green all the Winter, and a great Support for Horfes & Cattle, tho’ it is to be fear’d the Hogs will root it allup. There is a Cave in this Ifland, in which the laft Tetero King, with only 2 of his Men, defended himfelf againft a great Hoft of Northern Indians, & at laft oblie’d them to retire. We forded the Streight out of this into Occaneechy Ifland, which was full of large Trees, and rich Land, and the South part of it is too high for any Flood lefs than Noah’s to drown it, we rode about 2 Miles down this Ifand, (being half the length of it,) where finding ourfelves oppofite to Blue Stone Caftle, we paff’t the River in a canoe, which had been ordered thither for that purpofe, & join’d our Friends, very much tired, not fo much with the length of the Journey, as with the heat of the Wea- ther. 18 We lay by till the return of the Meffenger that we fent for the Ammunition, and other things left at the Court houfe. Nor had the Indians yet join’d us according to their Promife, which made us begin to doubt of their Veracity. I took a Solitary Walk to the firft Ford of Blue Stone Creek, about a Quarter of a Mile from the Houfe. This Creek had its Name from the Colour of the Stones, which pav’d the Bottom of it, and are fo fmooth that tis probable they will burn into Lime, I took care to return to my Company by Dinner time, that I might net trefpas upon their Stomachs. Inthe Afternoon I was paddled by the Overfeer and one of my Servants up the Creek, but cou’d proceed little farther than a Mile becaufe of the Shoal Water, All the way we perceiv’d the Bottom of the Creek full of the Blue Stones above mention’d, Sufficient in quantity to build a large Caftle. At our return we went into the Middle of the River, and ftood upon a large Blue Rock to Angle, but without any Succefs. We broke off a Fragment of the Rock, and found it as heavy as fo much Lead. Difcouraged by our ill Luck, we repair’d to the Company, who had procured fome noggué issig & bar, ti teo1 Miw egoH ots | erat T fal ods nid ni garg s Aoisge Usted W's la f at sW oti or mora b*g fal sh al doidw ,bashl ydoosmsoO omni 2idy ‘Mevthareii gu Yo iaq duo odg baw bom dois ee ss Se ow ai nworb of adno acdi asl bool tyne aa io degnsl ot Wad goind) brslil preps stp ° ow ,alfisD opot@ aulfl ot. stitaggo’ ‘eavidinso gtibat oxsilw w ioi totic borebwo aged bart doidwe gohnaee ni 15° vist oda ot fe doum ct 190 ,bais down yioy ebavitl me binio[ ¥ Aoquig m } 63 WV sits Yo.snork ork thew 28 » eee ‘dngeidt ‘od di wot toh ow perl a os te nine ‘this yd yal ow 81 | Quod, AyoD st, 16) Rah agaids rodto brs eiobsinummenl, ada a) dimond risdi of gnibwdde ax b'niot soy ensibal ody bed 710M ; z toot I .gtiontsV aiod to. adveb ot aiged eu obant doider 2 qwods pivax0 snot oul Yo biot Ash oily OF JW" silo’ omsV ali bad ase. ef T. Jawoll od? mit tM. « to rorieul i te monot, ont bi vce doitiw ono of? to wolo) $d3 & c it ) cenit opi navd) iw yorls olidacdore: ais sada aoorit in bs we 1 ture partis z9anitl yd yataqmip? yen oF got of 51B5. 3 | a exw I noonteitA ods a... .adamenor® riot acme endo ron Tt ait sl “- of? qu emavicd ya to ono bag vost O els ab jalbbaq lnod, adit Shuspod oli nad vernal obesil bos3exq B sea" Jd danD 12.49, mosiol ols, bSviesreg ow wow Sit, HAY " BV e a til perio -binpisnessa nae ee ee 5 oft To Uf vi sud ols a oj. doo ‘ould a saahinias ‘eal br i iM oda to - ro “ad to tnorergerd s To dod oW taesee yon’ odziw we yd LxgeinoniG baal dower ob hagond rip) aol bas amo) byt201g bed odw ,yssqpmoDvortt oF 457 _- the Land of Eden. | 9 Pieces of Copper Oar from Cargil’s Mine, which feem’d full of 1733 Metal. This Mine lies about 2 Miles higher than Major Mum-. **P* ford’s Plantation, and has a better Shew than any yet difcover’d. There are fo many appearances of Copper in thefe Parts, that the Inhabitants feem to be all Mine-mad, and neglect making of Corn for their prefent neceflitys, in hopes of growing very Rich hereafter. The Heavens lowr’d a little upon us in the Morning, but, like rg a Damfel ruffled by too bold an Addrefs, it foon clear’d up again. Becaufe I detefted Idlenefs, I cauf’d my Overfeer to paddle me up the River as far as the Streight that divides Oc- cancechy from Totero Ifland, which is about 20 Yards wide. There runs a Swift Stream continually out of the South part of the River into the North, and is in fome places very deep. We croft the South part of the oppofite Shoar, to view another entry I had made, beginning at Buffalo Creek and running up the River to guard my Iflands, and keep off bad Neighbours on that Side. The Land feems good enough for Corn along the River, but a Quarter of a Mile back tis broken, and full of Stones. After fatisfying my Curiofity, I return’d the way that I came, and fhot the fame Streight back again, and paddled down the River to the Company. When we got home, we Jaid the foundation of two large Citys. One at Shacco’s, to be called Richmond, and the other at the Point of Appamat- tuck River, to be nam’d Peterfburgh. Thefe Major Mayo offered to lay out into Lots without Fee or Reward. The ‘Truth of it is, thefe two places being the uppermoft Landing of James and Appamattux Rivers, are naturally intended for Marts, where the raffick of the Outer Inhabitants muft Center. Thus we did not build Caftles only, but alfo Citys in the Air. In the Evening our Ammunition arrived fafe, and the Indians came to us, refolying to make part of our Company, upon Con- C2 —-. Te 2S! ee ae ee es? ao ye j . oe, sje. aed ay sey Mi sojn Me or 24il aud agoienoll 10 oh sneay 00 asbivih sada selgiow? ‘ods. pee (Pa. avi, “ann , 23 gaols a1 10h sguons boog emeet bast od) io In} bas ,wodosd ein slosd sliM, « Yor ronsuQ 6 ud phe » Yo ad, bonsdh hoi b‘vovootib, Jory yaniv ve reds 2nsh dod? nig od Yo > ox ynibem fasbyom fix Hoi yi9y gaiwong oak ag “te ge qu b'isslo. aoa 2, aetbbAy, o? rottavQ ya b lua I .sbiw aban ¥ O8 dyods ai daidhw. ehashl o1510T eit ydosene2 to Taq, dswo8, salt Ww vo «isunisnga mesic Hhiw2 os enart sodT ee yey eaalq ocndh ai ef ee cont aden qu yeianun ‘bes ey olstuth asd cobsm beck ee nn no eiveddgia Vi bad. Ro goa bas 2boshl cet brewg of ye thee oda isd} yow o@3 b'ayion 1 oan orw hos Boigieinat bslbbag bas .nisys Pl gine oan ont rok im we pomod Jog OM nod W . iS. 9: OF ‘oomnd’a ig one as geal, pong : * . ~rnmeggA to taiot ad3 26. ydao ade bas ¢ | om foi. bolls: gute biman od 8 etavil ofT . .bitwodl 0 99h, -auodaive wo oni 1 io: yal gaibas.t Rormaqqu pits gaiod asaalq ow Sted a tot bebasadi ‘ylesuagi aus ov perent bor @ ; 290%) fuse ensiidedal igsuQ dt do aoifiar' Is 13 siodwr geri ah, oils ni ayia oils ud ait « fie Db! ind 3 oft bi b owe enisibetl oft bas otal k soninummA wo gainsvd ody nl “a0 soqu ethic acsaenda | z ai vldion gee so A “fourney to 1733 dition of their being Supply’d with Powder and Shot, and having Sept. fy the Skins of all the Deer they kill’d to their own proper ufe. Every thing being ready for a March, we left Blue Stone Caftle about ten. My Company confifted of 4 Gentlemen (Namely, Maj Mayo, Maj Mumford, Mr. Banifler and Mr. Jones,) and 5 Woodfmen, Thomas Wilfon, Henry Morris, Jo- feph Colfon, Robert Bolling and Thomas Hooper, 4 Negroes and 3 Tufcaruda Indians. With this {mall Troop we proceeded up the River as far as Hogen’s, above which, about a quarter of a Mile, we forded into the little Ifland, and from thence into the Fork of the River. The Water was rifen fo high, that it ran into the Top of my Boots, but without giving me any Cold, altho I rid in my wet Stockings. We Landed 3 Miles above the point of the Fork, and, after marching three Miles farther, reacht the Tenement of Peter Mitchell, the higheft Unhabitant on Roanoke River. T’wo Miles above that we forded a Water, which we named Birche’s Creek, not far from the Mouth, where it difcharges itfelf into the Dan. From thence we rode thro charming Low-Grounds, for 6 Miles together, to a larger Stream, which we agreed to call Banifter River. We were puzzled to find a Ford by reafon the Water was very high, but at lait got fafe over, about 13 Mile from the Banks of the Dan. | In our way we kill’d 2 very large Rattle-Snakes, One of 15 and the other of 12 Rattles. They were both fat, but nobody would be perfuaded to carry them to our Quarters, altho they would have added much to the Luxury of our Supper. We pitcht our Tents upon Banifter River, where we feafted on a Young Buck which had the ill luck to crofs our way. It rain’d great part of the Night, with very loud Thunder, which rum- bled frightfully amongft the tall Trees that Surrounded us in that low Ground, but, thank God! without any Damage. Our - Indians kill’d 3 deer, but were fo lazy they brought them not to the Camp, pretending for their Excufe that they were too lean. ys ; > & as | if aM beh often aM ps tae y js. , | east “ol errno Mi ye ow anenodT ‘c1astilboo W 2 Peni Dae }. zso1oM »p psqooH aemodT bie gnillod nsdoA .nolod pd a a bobssoc1q sw qow T nent zids di aendibal sbirectaT bas 2 jo wonaup « weds pbidw oveds e'nogoH 2 Wt es 19ViA ott qu re omni soned? mci bas haat oli oar ‘Omit bobic! ow slIM s -~ i Jed cetgid A edtin aews see WY sfT jaevil o1s Yo thoF odt bloD yne se yoivig tuordiw sud 2to08 yen to qo'l ods oni nmr ovods eli ¢ bsbast sW .eqnisest goweym ai bia I odals cradyiet gol setts’ gaidomem softs baal od) to saieg addy tnaridadul florgitl str distoil r19F Yo snomonsT odscstiongn =) 9s WF i obict ow tad4 swode coli ow'T itovisl sdonsoAno oh ‘iivoM oft mot ait jon plss1D esd) bomen ow wondw ) off sbor-ew sored? mort inal os oral VSR esgiedstibiat sade sad 19g1 el & 02 craegot aati & zit abauom)~wod ocimned souls, i saw OW vroviST toflingél Uso of Lepage sw foiduy qettiens: sud pdyid-yiov esw oie W oii adlac yd biol « bod of boimeuqe ), | .astl oi to ednedl od moi sli $1 twods’ gio ota aaa Rakiiaers oe | 21 to on ,esiten@-oltteS ogral yrowd b'ilid ow yew qo: al a ybodon tud: amt diod ovyw yor T asi ¢t Yo xort0 odd bas vor oth pneu wo 03. med? verso 62 -bebaulreq, od bluow — | eV aaqqu? wo Yo ymin! ode on item. bsbbe vad. bluow — ‘he. : K; 2 so bofisst ow sodw vill toftingll magin end ayo adatiq. ae a, @ b'niet 31 .yaw io dow er glow! Si ot bed doidw toull Pl) a HD ys un doidw zsbaudT buel-yrey . tiie dg ods Yo deq: ~ os ni ay bobauormwe indy coor he oclt nec ol a“ wO gems yon wodiiw boo) adaaia yimd ‘ o? ron rasdy uiguerd qorls sel ot oT wid) r99b-g , neal 00) o19 ree sada duoed riorly fe: ‘er iz the Land of Eden. lJ The neceflity of drying our Baggage prevented us from 1733 marching till 11 a’clock. ‘Then we proceeded thro low- Sept.21 Grounds which were tolerably wide for 3 Miles together, as far as a Small Creek, named by us Morris’s Creek. This Traét of Land I perfuaded Mr. Banifter to enter for, that he might not bea lofer by the Expedition. The Low Grounds held good a Mile beyond the Creek, and then the Highland came quite to the River, and made our travelling more difficult. All the way we went we perceiv’d there had been tall Canes lately growing on the Bank of the River, but were univerfally kill’d; And inquiring into the reafon of this deftruction, we were told that the Nature of thofe Canes was, to fhed their Seed but once in Seven Years, and the Succeeding Winter to dye, and make Room for Young ones to grow up in their Places. Thus much was certain, that 4 Years before we faw Canes grow and flourifh in Several Places, where they now lay dead and dry upon the Ground. ‘The whole diftance we travell’d in this day by Computation was 15 Miles, and then the Appearance of a black Cloud, which threaten’d a Guft, oblig’d us to take up our Quarters. We had no fooner got our Tents over our Heads, but it began to rain and thunder furioufly, and one Clap fucceeded the Lightening ‘the fame Inftant, and made all tremble before it. But, blefled be God! it fpent its fury upon a tall Oak juft by our Camp. Our Indians were fo fearfull of falling into the hands of the Cataubas, that they durft not lofe Sight of us all day; fo they kild nothing, and we were fore’d to make a temperate Supper upon Bread and Cheefe. It was Strange we met with no Wild Turkeys, this being the Seafon in which great Numbers of them ufed to be feen towards the Mountains. They commonly perch on the high Trees near the Rivers and Creeks. But this Voy- age, to our great Misfortune, there were none to be found. So that we cou’d not commit that Abomination, in the Sight of all Indians, of mixing the Flefh of Deer & Turkeys in our Broth. if LETT mot av bstqover, apaggetl ae, “11 wot oul bobssoeg om adh mare” a p19doogo2 efi quack ah w yldersios VW Jo BerT 2adT teat: 2'einoM u YO Boman. xT Mgens sad Jon phir rohinst bs A bobaalya R ‘ olilA's boog blouf ebnwort) wok ol? @% soipesems? hasldgiHl whiny bas ect) inowaw yew on7 ILA ,aluaiiib som VB: ody no gaiworg ylorl asnxD Iles mood bed orody . garapat brA ; b*ilid llasovinw apy tud ei? i od 16! dinadl o1uIsVE odd seas bloi saw ow: aoifuriteb zit? Yo ndlast oi om 21a9Y M9v9e Mt 92n@ tud bo2 tisds bodt 0} enw one) Story Yo gnu 10t oooR' sadam bas yb oy ra V7 3: aibosoue ods bas ind) .finris2 aaw-dlouen eud'T sont aigds ai qu worg 0) 2000 lmevec si cinvol bas wor ene) wal ow sided. 2102¥ + -bnuoted) od3 mogw, yb bie beob yal won yor? on Foyt enw nolimuqmol yd yeh aids oi b*ilovewt ow oonefib od T Aoidw ,buolD aAzald #40 sonstnaqgq A ous noel bas ,esttM at oVW .erosuQ wo gu ode o2 au bp do ‘wD s bYpstasads or nsgod ti ind ,absoH wo’ wv0 2in9T wo tog isto) on bed gniaatlgil ordi bobsgont qelD ono bas eyfuoluit robaudly bas nist . F bsliold we, ti led sldensn lls bem: bas ansial sma ont a ie) wo yd Auj AsO fer s mogu yu ei snoqh HHO 26 ; ads to ebasd oni oral goillat to iLfties) ot S1OW @ warts Lj ysb Ue eu Yo ddyi2 Sol ton flaw yo aie pom 1oqqué s2nisqiney 6 sem gi b‘n0t s19w ow brie ort 4 bliV? on rsiw tom ow sgaswe BRAN al MeotD bas bea ished | enact Yo exsdmuVE anergy doidw ai aches? ons gaiod aids doisq ylnommop yod TE aninammobl ols eiumwot ne “(aids 14 zxloosDbas emwidl ofp suo con't of . ,bavel od.01 sn0n ow vist oaunwtell 9 lis Yo adgi2 ons ai nok A, sada that 10 Jon ahentha 380, sth af aS, % wal to. shel is 1733 Sept.22 Nell 12 LA “fourney to We were again oblie’d to dry our Baggage, which had tho- roughly foakt with the heavy Rain that fell in the Night. While we ftaid for that, our Hunters knockt down a Brace of Bucks, wherewith we made ourfelves amends for our Scanty Supper the aforegoing Night. All thefe Matters being duly perform’d made it near Noon before we Sounded to Horfe. We marcht about 2 Miles over fine low-Grounds to a moft pleafant Stream, which we nam’d the Medway, and by the way difcover’d a rich Neck of Highland that lay on the South Side of the Dan, and lookt very tempting. Two Miles beyond the Medway, we forded another Creek, which we called Maofty Creek. The whole diftance between thefe 2 Streams lay exceeding rich Land, & the fame continued 2 Miles higher. This Body of Low-Ground tempted me to enter for it, to ferve as a Stage between my Land at the Fork, and the Land of Eden. The Heavens lookt fo menacing that we refolved to take up our Quarters 2 Miles above Maofty Creek, where we intrencht our- felves on a rifing Ground. We had no fooner taken thefe Pre- cautions, but it began to rain unmercifully, and to put out our Fire as faft as we cou’d kindle it; nor was it only a hafty Shower, but continued with great impetuofity moft part of the Night. We preferred a dry Faft toa Wet Feaft, being unwil- ling to expofe the People to the Weather, to gratify an unrea- fonable Appetite. However it was fome comfort, in the Midit of our Abftinence, to dream of the delicious Breakfaft we intended to make next Morning, upon a fat Doe and two-year- Old Bear our Hunters had kill’d the Evening before. Not- - withftanding all the Care we cou’d take, feveral of the Men 2 were dripping wet, and among the reft, Harry Morris dabbled fo long in the Rain, that he was feized with a Violent Fit of an Ague that Shook him almoft out of all his Patience. It was no lofs of time to reft in our Camp according to the Duty of the day, becaufe our Baggage was fo wet it needed ‘soul Wsaamtialih ‘Sela r9qqua (0838 0a abroran govidtiuo abs ov woradw b'anotioq ylub geied epsrial fi tha ¥ aria aloe oT” Shear eon amr ean send Indsolg fom 2 02 ebrwetD=wol oni eae doin « b'sevodtibiyew oft yd bow fem | ma 9 i oii bas .osC. odd to pbid divo® ody me al, ant basi iH to tos ow .yewboMi edi baoisd oli aw” ‘gnixqensy SCmy 4: adT oloo1D fos bollea ow doldwiglon® odone a: doin ynibosoxe yal amsd ¢ dtodd “NSawiod sonmhtib slotw eee lo ybok sl caodgid 2st © baunisnes oma od & cbt” - 2g6i2 & an ovis ol pbact sine oF om barqens) bauored : “a off .wobd Yo basil ott bas sho) ody te baat ye asi iod : f 1wo qu oss of bovlolep! aw tads gniosnom ol ploof ecisveoHl oe 1110 tlonewnl aw orsdw lest vflosM svods eatiM £ . ; -910 Sleds meat wsm0di on bad WwW bauer gailir § ne dere? mo uO ivq od bas atiomaay nigt ot ttyod it tud gnoituns | vied gs yleio 3 esw tot zi ol breil bYiba aw! es Act ee oil off, t0 tung fon Viloureqent Is2tg dyiwe Bowniiros od WO, -liwaw gaiod deol 19 s 69 fet Wb & hemstony ow | “s1nu 1a YHIeTg OF cpdins Woda siqasl 91 or gnil tbiM on? ai roteios ome) aw IP rovowoH otiqqA 3 ot. ow divtlest eoivileb ony eal anaonb oF esononifd A ua -1s9y-ows bas sol ta) #901 | “Inge n of “10 smieled ‘gninoe ove Bit bet nonwH on » anol bi a2M od) to Imovat (oder biuas ow ouatd oe! MMe” gnibasiidtin — bolddab tinoM wre ew ods es gniq pe wo the Land of Eden. i a whole day to dry it. For this purpofe we kindled 4 Several Fires, in the abfence of the Sun, which vouchfaft us not one kind look the whole day. My Servant had dropt his Great- Coat Yefterday, and 2 of the men were fo good-Natured as to ride back and look for it to-day, and were fo lucky as to find it.” Our Indians having no Notion of the Sabbath, went cut to hunt for Something for dinner, and brought a Young Doe back along with them. They laught at the Enelifh for lofing one day in Seven; tho the Joke may be turned upon them for lofing the whole Seaven, if Idlenefs and doing nothing to the purpofe may be called lofs of time. I lookt out narrowly for Ginfeng, this being the Seafon when it wears its Scarlet Fruit, but neither now nor any other time during the whole Journey cou’d I find one Single Plant of it. This made me conclude that it delighted not in quite fo Southerly a Climate; And in truth I never heard of its growing on this Side of 38 Degrees of Latitude. But to make amends we faw abundance of Sugar Trees in all thefe Low-Grounds, which the whole Summer long the Woodpeckers tap, for the fweet Juice that flows out of them. ‘Towards the Evening, a Strong Norwefter was fo kind as to {weep all the Clouds away, that had blacken’d our Sky, and moiften’d our Skins, for fome time paft. The reft the Sabbath had given us made every Body alert this Morning, fo that we mounted before Nine a’clock. This Dili- gence happened to be the more neceffary, by reafon the Woods we encountered this day were exceedingly Bufhy and uneven. At the diftance of 4 Miles we forded both Branches of Forked Creek, which lay within 1000 Paces from eachother. My Horfe fell twice under me, but, thank God! without any Damage either to Himfelf or his Rider ; and Maj’r Mayo’s Baggage Horfe roll’d down a Steep Hill, and Ground all his Bifcuit to Roca- hominy. My greateft difafter was that, in mounting one of the Precipices, my Steed made a Short turn and gave my Knee an I 24 733 ept. 2 ot as soslL oda afl gamed odt Yo sti s Unsl Sirs yee nee 3020). btngqgad abaet oidhw. ‘noideloleb ‘ond? We) 2 ah lis)» v9vil odd Yo edlnwdl sel bogniat yhoariel bed diddy he be : eids dip “boll .aigge 2 won yibved ow sada, (eq9b, anol ; ; «10D slodw odj bas son yon at ‘piel od? sogrot Toy a nood nads soured raihto yas swotktive adtiagV vio a ae J pecan 4 AA stil io idatadieh aw oy gaibasitiod wor role VT oT gs enw il .onit ods 02 yboH & ni idosame bus mini boog siivetist eovr T raheem ode to yng aolast yd of anil av awerg: ao li 13tte hide obs pn Pe gegee” nwo jpn 20, Ry i 3 :; riod? ni qu poeta” ahs pia _ 22 p Loto ow Ili ele bax effi wave yoawol, stn tu ont dlaiw dhsq ow dsictwe Cl oely 10 bot sr 2 gaiggidé bas ,bavrtl wo Yo olail « g | vias 0% gaa caine erie A atel oT | i +8 * alt 38, x VT sen Maio , -wo « obsor bas wa oda bien bed ember als : ee the Land of Eden. 15 rant in the River. We drove on 4 Miles farther to a plentifull Run of very clear Water, and quarter’d on a rifing Ground a Bow-Shot from it. We had no fooner pitcht the Tents, but one of our Wood{men alarm’d us with the News that he had follow’d the Track of a great Body of Indians to the place where they had lately encampt. ‘Ivhat there he had found no lefs than Ten Huts, the Poles whereof had Green Leaves {till frefh upon them. ‘That each of thefe Huts had Shelter’d at leaft Ten Indians, who, by fome infallible Marks, muft have been Northern Indians. That they muft needs have taken their departure from thence no longer ago than the day before, having erected thofe Huts to protect themfelves from the late Heavy Rains. Thefe Tidings I could perceive were a little Shocking to fome of the Company, and particularly the little Major, whofe Tongue had never lain ftill, was taken Speechlefs for 16 Hours. I put as good a Countenance upon the Matter as I cou’d, affuring my Fellow Travellers, that the Northern Indians were at Peace with us, and altho one or two of them may now and then commit a Robbery or a Murder, (as other Rogues do,) yet nationally and avowedly they would not venture to hurt us. And in Cafe they were Cataubas, the Danger would be as little from them, becaufe they are too fond of our Trade to loofe it for the pleafure of Shedding a little Englith Blood. But Suppofing the worft, that they might break thro all the Rules of Self-Intereft, and attack us, yet we ought to ftand bravely on our defence, and fell our lives as dear as we could. ‘That we fhould have no more fear on this Occafion, than juft to make us more watchfull and better provided to re- ceive the Enemy, if they had the Spirit to venture upon us. This Reafoning of mine, tho it could not remove the Panick, yet it abated fomething of the Palpitation, and made us double our Guard. However, I found it took off the Edge of moft of our Appetites, for every thing but the Rum Bottle, which was ‘. 40% thititivslg 2-03 todo; oW ov pl # bnyor) gaily ie wae vo u stp : aed ame'T oily sani tanh ah nat 9¥ at a bed od 28d) ewslt: ive a stélq sd of enaibel Yo ybom> Me a : bet on bnvcl beaded odd aed 7 {itt eovkot neste) bart! cosibene ig b'isileda bail etl iets 0. 4 nota pre onan: Phase. ote iM imdted ysb-ody nad} ogs:t9gdol on ‘sons moi : oral odd cnott eovistmady) Aesowy, ot «uk stony Hesaphy ols! « stow ovisoieq blues I sgaibiT dod T esti yveok sina odd yilwotneg bas. eaagmneD 942 Yo sxnot 09 : disidoasq@ noder enw Lith sis! vved bod svgaoT Slodw oie tos sd} equ oomenetaueD 6 boog ah jug 1. ek or ot: motto odd sed gollaverT wolls't yan grins : ty | Tes , ‘tnailt Yo ow? ro ono odils bus ey diy geno is o13W ensibal roflte 2) Sob s 10 yoddod R tirtemoo nod? ‘bas won yarn sietroy ton blow yods lbowovs bes xllanoitan soy (0b ae ryan oft erdysteD ow yo? Se of boA ee Stud od wo to bast 00) ow gods shusoed entod3 tiott olsil_ ex 2 a ‘bluow _ diilga tl afsil s-qnibbedd, to ouleslg oda ae ai hoo! ov obatT ouls dnd adginn yada isda how sata oF tigue | OW ISY 2H dortie bans Aorasal Als? Xo els a i ow es 19h 2m zevil/ wo, tis, bas, 29 ) ‘ “guotsorO eink. no 782. stor. ‘on oysd bluod 2 ow ref” . os “wi at hobivooy toned bag, Hlutdotew sym 2 2 of fi 2 teqy “oiwINaV Of) sitig?2 oxlt bad yore Hi nse cAvine® ods ovorne2 208 bluoa th phage tog if sidvob ev obsm bas troitetig { ody Yo ge a 8 to fam Yo. ogbH. od? Ro dood ai “pi “et ae dloitive at: ae ode me f 16 AA *fourney to 1733 more in favour than ever, becaufe of its Cordial Quality. I Sept. “, Hurt my other Knee this afternoon, but not enough to fpoil either my dancing or my Stomach. 26 We liked the place fo little that we were glad to leave it this Morning as foon as we could. For that reafon we were all on Horfeback before Nine, and after riding 4 Miles arriv’d at the Mouth of Sable Creek. On the Eaftern Bank of that Creek, 6 Paces from the Mouth, and juft at the Brink of the River Dan, ftands a Sugar Tree, which is the beginning of my fine Traét of land in Carolina, call’d the Land of Eden. I cauf’d the Initial Letters of my name to be cut ona large Poplar and Beech near my Corner, for the more eafy finding it another time. We then made a beginning of my Survey, directing our Courfe due South from the Sugar Tree above-mention’d. Ina little way we perceived the Creek forkt, and the Weftern Branch was wide enough to merit the name of a River. That to the Eaft was much lefs, which we interfected with this Courfe. We ran Southerly a Mile, and found the Land good all the way, only towards the End of it we faw the Trees de- ftroy’d in fuch a Manner that there were hardly any left to mark my Bounds. Haveing finifht this Courfe, we encampt in a charming Peninfula, form’d by the Weftern Branch of the Creek. It contain’d about 40 Acres of very Rich Land, gra- dually defcending to the Creek, and is a delightful Situation for the Mannor Houfe. My Servant had fed fo intemperately upon Bear, that it gave him a Scouring, and that was followed by the Piles, which made riding worfe to him than Purgatory. But anointing with the Fat of the fame Bear, he foon orew eafy again. 27 We were ftirring early from this enchanting place, and ran $ Miles of my back Line, which tended South 841 Wefterly. We found the Land uneaven, but tolerably good, tho very thin of Trees, and thofe that were ftanding fic for little but fewel L .gtilewQ laitnoD liof os aetenent on sed’. ly pai aid Hi ovsol 03 piece | no Ie ow ow ndlest ted2 10°F ~ proriyhey es bol oe) a by od? 16 bSvitia 2s } ignlbin ois Bae ai noid as “no dost? redr Yo dae moftkal ot a2” edoatD aida& “to ; he vi odd Yo ‘Main ors on fui bas two orld mic 4 at yn to qainssiged ott ef doitw 29tT tegu2 & ebusht ard | wer l .sebS te bast ods bisa csnitorsD ni betel Yo KeaT a bis islgoT ogual s ao tno od 02 Sena Yer Yo 2191997 Ieuind oft | vordions 9i gaibiat Ylxo stom oft tai v8nn10D yi e390 dood “vo gniPoth yorwe yin Yo aninniged s Shei nods sw ‘mi sol .bnovasm-ovedsosi'T agua off agit hood sub aD nists W adi bas gard ave1D ofy Bavisowsg ow yew slozil _ isdT avid a to oman’ salt sitom of diggs sbiw enw dias zit) Hitw beBsownt’ ow oHoidw aot dower aw AeA gels oF booy baat oda bauet bas sli 5 yhsdsued asi oW shod ob a ott ods wit ow % Yo bad sit ebanwed yino uw ont Ile o3 viel yas yibied s1ow ‘oteds seed vide 8 doa ni b* youth ie j nj sqmnons ow Shwe vids afi gaisvell -abavoll yan ahem wi ott to doom mtedheW ods yd b*ariot eslitniess giienedo & -cig bond doit yw hos A op trode bniaiios 3F pF op 101 noitsui@ IWtadgilob w et bas also ods 02 gnibnosteb Wand ylo y? ID BIE” on bot bed tevied YM duel tonasM, ala ae bowallot enw: soft baw paliioo@s atid oveg Hi Inds ssf ogg. eer | yoga d nel exist 8 Sie gnibin sbam doidw @ealiT oft gd mike worg ook ail gant — werd % eh ody Asiw gnisnions wl He) ares# hea fom ® 8 nev bar sil ainala dint mot eye | vitofls Wi ofg8 diwod: bebass doirtw ring co yon cil? pre Oda Boog ¢idsrlor gud’ iter er it lows sedoliaib-xd 3A gaibos’ oiow andy by the Land of Eden. 17 and Fence-Rails. Some Conflagration had effectually open’d 1733 the Country, and made room for the Air to circulate. We a croft both the Branches of Low Land Creek, and Sundry other Rills of fine Water. From every Eminence we difcover’d the Mountains to the N. Weft of us, tho’ they feem’d to be a long way off. Here the Air felt very refrefhing and agreeable to the Lungs, having no Swamps or Marfhes to taint it. Nor was this the only good Effeé it had, but it likewife made us very hungry, fo that we were forc’d to halt and pacify our Appe- tites with a frugal Repaft out of our Pockets, which we wafht down with Water from a Purling Stream juft by. My knees pain’d me very much, tho’ I broke not the Laws of Travelling by uttering the leaft Complaint. Meafuring and marking {pent fo much of our Time, that we could advance no further than 8 Miles, and the Chain Carryer’s thought that a great way. In the Evening we took up our Quarters in the Low-Grounds of the River, which our Scouts inform’d us was but 200 Yards ahead of us. “This was no Small furprize, becaufe we had flat- ter’d ourfelves that this Back Line would not have Interfected the Dan at all; but we found Ourfelves miftaken, and plainly perceived that it ran more Southerly than we imagined, and in _ all likelihood pierces the Mountains where they form an Amphi- theater. The Venifon here was lean; and the misfortune was we met no Bear in fo open a Country, to greafe the way and make it Slip down. In the Night our Centinel alarm’d us with an Idle Sufpicion that he heard the Indian Whittle, (which. amoneft them is a Signal for attacking their Enemies.) This made every one Stand manfully to his Arms ina Moment, and I found no Body more undifmayed in this Surprize than Mr. Banifter; But after we had put ourfelves in Battle Array, we difcover’d this Whiftle to be nothing but the Nocturnal Note of a little harmlef$ Bird, that inhabits thofe Woods. We were glad to find the Miftake, and commending the Centinel for his Db; a . 8 onds r9d75). of soneves. bluog av dads orci TD 100,” m oh 7 doisi) alti WT noikal oa bani: od sis -aoiziqit oe eh bed ow sluaood axiuquil eae omeow eid T wea Yo brads TS) a i te u omni Wage. vilsubcitn, al in | oW cule 1 bas gee _ mapa yiband bins loa be on ie odonsrt yd dad Re mn. o(13 bovoslib ove sorption IT on Lo effi | gaol « od 9 Ha AI ates v rer slaiaio0 | 4 0} oldssorgm bas yaistoiivs wero af tai oda ¢ HF As f 101. .4i sais, of anda xo: eqtnew® on wit wi ods ev obam stiwoail 21 sud. bed a | boog ae it be : -oqqA wo yuioaq bins ihad oF. bow, prow ow 16747 Oh 4 nue : uliaw ow doiudw soot, awe to quo Sisqo A gaond yx avd fhuj mmeovd aT ¢ mon} 1918 ee an gnillovarT to ewal ods toa olord I "od lousy ey a. b'ning i ined yaidiom baa genic . stitlgmoD lesl. a yd F “> iz a al _.yew is919 8 tad) idguods, eyagrie? nisdD ody 5 eli ‘ to ede od. mi goqiaut) m0 qu: door ow guinevd odd abis ¥ cos, aud esw ew b*enolni emore wo soidw: govidl od hofdshisjal ovad ton bluow oni Jost ‘ids seedy esylshwe bys yinisiq base nodgtion govisiwO bawet ow jud ile a ~ oda ni bas ,beaigannk sw seals hodiwod wien ns, fi aoc, by vi | “Wig, 18, gaol yous swadw ania: , a | a asw onutotein sdt bas ; ngol esw eo as i Vv oft aoe a | bas vii auk3 olen, ed penne sey ai. 1598 ry " aidT (.22imond tieda yoilosia. ten s ai. se shy ‘ bas senna & ni sada aid oF bagre ave eine dergtl vsti. pesmi waite io 230M InnawiaoViieds wud gaisdioa od 02 alitid W at stow 9 V9; .2zbooW Pat: paohara: phage et i aa Loins ods anibnom Asitili ods 18 AA “fourney to 1733 great Vigilance, compof’d our Noble Spirits again to reft till the eR Morning. However, fome of the Company dream’d of nothing but Scalping all the reft of the Night. 28 We fnapt up our Breakfaft as faft as we cou’d, that we might have the more leifure to pick our way over a very bad Ford acrofs the River. ‘Tho’, bad as it was, we all got fafe on the other fide. Wewere no fooner Landed, but we found ourfelves like to encounter a very rough and almoft impaflable Thicket. However, we Scuffed thro’ it without any difmay or Complaint. This was a Copfe of young Saplins, confifting of Oak, Hiccory and Saflafras, which are the growth of a fertile Soil. We gain’d no more than 2 Miles in 3 Hours in this perplext Place, and after that had the Pleafure to iflue out into opener Woods. The Land was generally good, tho’ pretty bare of Timber, and particularly we traver{t a rich Levil of at leaft 2 Miles. Our ‘whole day’s Journey amounted not quite to 5 Miles, by reafon we had been fo hamper’d at our firft fetting out. We were glad to take up our Quarters early ina piece of fine low-Grounds, lying about a Mile N. of the River. Thus we perceiv’d the River edged away gently towards the South, and never likely to come in the way of our Courfe again. Neverthelefs, the lait time we faw it, it kept much the fame Breadth and depth that it had where it divided its Waters from the Staunton, and in all likelihood holds its own quite as high as the Mountains. 29 In Meafuringa Mile anda half farther we reacht the lower Ford of the Irvin, which branches from the Dan about 2 Miles to the $8. S. E. of this place. This River was very near Three Score Yards over, and in many places pretty deep. From thence, in little more than a Mile, we came to the End of this Courfe, being in length 15 Miles and 88 Poles. And fo far the Land held reafonably good ; but when we came to run our Northern Courfe of 3 Miles, to the place where the Country line interfe€ts the fame Irvin higher up, we paft over nothing he 4 1) a ee oee ae i) en mene g¢lt Migfher of nigga’ atiaig? 1% ss ” L aeebentaen nyc °° 0 : ot aavewoH gh »° te — - ‘ils aw - b*v0d sw na fh ‘ biol bed yews we yaw nto: ne oa poh sift mb si 20g Ile ow enw tian b i ei zovlshue banol ow iud boiaat 3s JodsnT sidsiegmi flomle bas: | JnisigmeD aoyveamh yas wodtie i “onde t 2@ oy ' Se Cee qos 5 AsG Yo gnistiaos .enilgad gawoy fo siqoD # éaw pete a b'ning o VW» tiod olin » te frwerng sft om doicw ee" a4 bas soslT.txolqre eid ai ewe gimp aati. © mide stort on ~ a ubooW ismaqo om quo sili ot oiieol® od bod sada ahs” * baa pisdmiT Yo exed ysierq ‘ods boog gllingaag esw baakol'T - uO esl © feol ae to lived doin & Seven ow coat t notest yd zaliM: 2 09 stip don bstayonny, pnwol a*ysb ‘shod bsly crow oW tuo itis Raft wee bYeqmad ol need bed ow ébatov-wol sat to sosiq 6 oi yhise eee awd qu vas? oF ody b'visowg ow eutlT evil st Yo MoM. © iuods gaigl” qlodil ssvon bats fliwod ods ebvewo? Yliitay yaws begbs vit jist ora aslodmnowsA .ciage SoD amo ke yew oft ni simoa? % i soda daqob bee dabsonf smet ody doen tqed si pi wit swe ome T° r lls oi- bas osnuei oy mot ees W ef bobivib tt o1odw bate" zaimiinoll ode en rigid es otimp nwo ati ablod boodileatit’ en sowol ods toss ow vodrut Yer w bus off 2 gninieoM nl elif s ipods neC solr mo? zotonsid doidwr ative sda Io b 1 ssid T 18981 TI9Y sew Vid eT .s08kq zidt Yo. a 2 J ode mot .qaob yang esdaly yasm at bite ave abu¥ 4109 5 mn ids Yo bril-sd 01 omeo owe li a-ainds snomm obstilint domed” ols wh baa ceslol 88 baw eli 24 dignol ni gis ats wo Aino? sees. ow reaped be ee bare at bl: d brs. darcayh the Land of Eden. ig but Stony Hills, and barren Grounds, cloth’d with little Timber, and refrefht with lefs Water. All my hopes were in the Riches that might lye under Ground, there being may goodly Tokens of Mines. The Stones which paved the River, both by their Weight & Colour, promif’d abundance of Metal; but whether it be Silver, Lead or Copper, is beyond our Skill to difcern. We alfo difcover’d many fhews of Marble, of a white ground, _ with Streaks of red and purple. So that tis poflible the Trea- fure in the Bowels of the Earth may make ample amends for the Poverty of its Surface. We encampt on the Bank of this River, a little below the Dividing Line, and near the lower end of an Ifland half a Mile long, which, for the Metallick Ap- pearances, we dignify’d with the Name of Potoft, In our way to this place we treed a Bear, of fo mighty a Bulk, that when we fetght her down fhe almoft made an Earthquake. But neither the Shot nor the fall difabled her fo much, but fhe had like to have huge’d one of our Dogs to Death in the Violence of her Embrace. We exercif’d the Difcipline of the Woods, by tofling a very carelefs Servant in a Blanket, for loffing one of our Axes. This being Sunday, we were glad to reft from our Labours ; and, to help reftore Our Vigour, feveral of us plung’d into the River, notwithftanding it was a frofty morning. One of our Indians went in along with us, and taught us their way of Swim- ming. They ftrike not out both hands together, but alternately one after another, whereby they are able to fwimm both farther and fafter than we do. Near the Camp grew Several large Cheitnut trees very full of Cheftnuts. Our men were too lazy to climb the Trees for the fake of the Fruit, but, like the Indians, chofe rather to cut them down, regardlefs of thofe that were to come efter. Nor did they efteem fuch kind of Work any breach of the Sabbath, fo long as it helpt to fill their Bellys. One of the Indians fhot a Bear, which he luge’d about half a 1783 Sept. eed 39 Qi e8qt rsdaniT olsail daim-b'dsolo cebawoa®) qomnd, 199% ggiloi Sh oct ni ore aoqod ym HAs sagas Wi dob si eT enetoT 4 (hoog yor gitiad soda ybinweD: wbaw gi riod) yd diod owil gals, boverp Moldy eanor2 3 on todtodw sud 4 las Yw sortebauds Biro a 7 ; Jaxctib 02 He awe. bnoyed, @ aeqgoD 10 head, vl a6 cbavorg sithw ie lo oldvaly: Yo. svreal) yore bevodlib oils ~£51T oly sidilog eis tada 08 | u ban bor Yo adeong® dtiw - 10t ebaoms, olqeee sds. yaa: oe to alowoll of? ni oun aid) to Ane oii no tgs oW. sos? 21) to.yneved sr ba towol-odt amon bas anid, gaibiviCl ons volod plajilis povill Gh. Avilla of el edoidwe »yaol stil « Wad, basil as to Yaw wonl ote to scan, “gals ative. b'Viingid ow 20k 89 | nodw isda sled @ yislyin @b-te yanefles, boo ow 2dalq gids of wi .oleupdteD on obsm fiormbe odd nwob rod tdgind ow bad odd sod jtlound oh rod boldstib, lst ods ion sed? ody yoraiva sonsloiV sda ai dtsa@l ox egoC) sae Re ano b' ‘ggud ovedot odil “boo W oft to sailgittid od: biowxesW .comdma tod to io ano yaiftel 10% sodnall « ai rane, Belois> nt & gailor yd tA, 10 Of 3 dataset 850 mol fiex o3 sty o10W SW seehealeslil adT ods cont b'gnulg ax to Isovsl pwogi¥ aD, modey qld, ” bar we Ye sHQ) -gaivmecm oftedt 6) agweat gui “min to yew vied? eu tdguer bas ew diw goole ni sasw ancibal \lotsmvorls ud atitago? ebned dod gu ton cde yodT gon orl dtod eneciwih 02 oldtns yoy ydoredw Gedions xis salt ‘goml Isieved worg gme) sda woh. ob, ow: cada qafist bas OOF TOW non mwO. mnfedD. we knelt adn gol ud Rect oe Yo. sold od a0, eaon'T old de sil>- < | gael Rods Yo violinager ~awob sod) ayo 09 vaslts3/Slod3 geneib doW Yo bait dadkenoaite yorts bib 1014, ..1>its, amos 08 * alle risds Hit of sqlod si ex: gaol oh hraddad vida} +6 al oo fe a a yiomnabaes 20 AA *fourney to 1733 Mile for the good of the Company. Thefe Gentiles have no OG. diftin@ion of Days, but make every day a Sabbath, except Se ame TE they go out to war or a hunting, and then they will un- dergo incredible Fatigues. Of other work the Men do none, thinking it below the dignity of their Sex, but make the poor Women do all the Drudgery. They havea blind Tradition amongft them, that work was firft laid upon Mankind by the fault of a Female, and therefore tis but juft that Sex fhould do the greateft part of it. This they plead in their Excufe; but the true reafon is, that the Weakeft muft always go to the Wall, and Superiority has from the beginning ungeneroufly im- pof’d Slavery on thofe who are not able to refift it. I I plung’d once more into the River Irvin this Morning, for a Small Cold I had caught, and was intirely cured by it. We ran the 3 Mile Courfe from a White Oak ftanding on my Corner upon the Weftern Bank of the River, and interfected the place, where we ended the Back line exa@ly, and fixt that corner at a Hiccory. We fteer’d South from thence about a Mile, and then came upon the Dan, which thereabouts makes but narrow Low-Grounds. We forded it about a Mile and a half to the Weftward of the place where the Irvin runs into it. When we were over, we determin’d to ride down the River on that Side, and for 3 Miles found the High-Land come clofe down to it, pretty barren and uneaven. But then on a Sudden the Scene chang’d, and we were furpriz’d with an Opening of large Extent, where the Sauro Indians once liv’d, who had been a confiderable Nation. But the frequent Inroads of the Sene- cas annoy’d them inceflantly, and oblig’d them to remove from this fine Situation about 30 Years ago. They then retired more Southerly, as far as Pee Dee River, and incorporated with the Kewawees, where a Remnant of them is ftill furviveing. It muft have been a great Misfortune to them to be oblig’d to abandon fo beautiful a dwelling, where the Air is wholefome, gqsees diaddad # yRb” yt “nts ive yous nody bas gaitaed «Yo ww oF juo og yods daily ‘ono ob aeM odd ne > 07 pe Sibstoni ogib 1oog sift aint sud (x08 risits 4 » oily ee noibsrT baild ® sved ort ody yd brivis moqwa ‘biel tha ob bfvort #58 ted Mit nud aly | aud ySvoKT tied Ai beolg yor eo ods od og ayawle Mum fetes W ‘or i. ~£r3i (huovsnagow gitiinigsd oft ito%t 2s ariel "$f After 02 side jon o18 onlw Steods no yroveE s 10% pgninioM eid? nivil toviAl ot otni om 7H9 ve ati ! oW “Sr yd bed arisai 2a bos ddga yin no ania 4a0 otid W g mon S09 oli pe befs9 nr93 ai bere .v39viAl ont to tos ovheW ods Hoge 1 jel 122 Bite -Bexo onl dontl ods bobna ow snorlw pees ihe . “an sonsdy moi Hive b's Wi pei & 18 136 godem etuodsyisds ritlw nal ody noqu amo worly bas oli s bas sfiM s wods 3 bebiot »W ebnuord-wot worst ta 1 oat ens nival eds srodw 92alq arts Yo brew: oW adi 2 no wit oda nwob bt oF Biainrosb ow ‘ave s19W aw | Siol> scnod bas I-dgifl’ sei bawot eof toh bas bic sebbud « ao nodt Iuel” MOVES bas 1aTiad ytio1g ii Yo gninsqO as diw b*siiqual 19W ow ‘bas : eb F nsed bed odw .b'vil sono ensibal owes itt viodwr-. -onae a3 Yo zbsorl saupoi ot wd noite : 1S mort avon ot evita h*gilde bus eatin aa, betiz1 aaily aT os es a cc a weds a dow batwioqioont bas roViT oo oat “OAs viv ite } zi mods jo. Iman 19 3 b‘ziido odo) mors 07 oniaol Ny sradtalody al 1A ot i ruil the Land of Eden. 21 and the Soil equal in Fertility to any in the World, “The River is about 80 Yards wide, always confin’d within its lofty Banks, and rolling down its Waters, as fweet as Milk, and as clear as Cryftal. There runs a charming Level, of more than a Mile Square, that will bring forth like the Lands of Egypt, without being overflow’d once a Year. ‘There is fcarce a Shrub in View to intercept your Profpect, but Grafs as high as a Man on Horfeback. "Towards the Woods there is a gentle Afcent, till your Sight is intercepted by an Eminence, that overlooks the whole Landikape. This fweet Place is bounded to the Eaft by a fine Stream, call’d Sauro Creek, which running out of the Dan, and tending Wefterly, makes the whole a Peninfula. I cou’d not quit this Pleafant Situation without Regret, but often faced about to take a Parting look at it as far as I could fee, and fo indeed did all the reft of the Company. But at laft we left it quite out of Sight, and continued our Courfe down the River, till where it interfects my Back line, which was about 5 Miles below Sauro Town. We took up our Quarters at the fame Camp where we had a little before been alarm’d with the Suppof’d Indian Whiftle, which we could hardly get out of our heads. However, it did not Spoil our reft; but we dreamt all Night’s of the delights of Tempe and the Elyfian Fields. We awak’d early from thefe innocent Dreams, and took Our 2 way along my Back line till we came to the Corner of it. From thence we Slanted to the Country Line, and kept down as far as the next fording place of the River, making in the whole 18 Miles. We breath’d all the way in pure Air, which feem’d Friendly to the Lungs, and circulated the Blood and Spirits very brifkly. Happy will be the People deftin’d for fo wholefome a Situation, where they may live to fulnefs of days, and which is much better Still, with much Content and Gaiety of Heart. On every rifeing Ground we faced about to take - our leave of the Mountains, which ftill fhew’d their Towering 1733 (Oe. BO a ola d¢ everseQ wo gu Aco! ow nwo OURe woled eslilM tie aengotb ow gud ; fox wo liog2 som bib 11 govewoH © ‘ _fhoielye GA sitiq ni yaw silt: Ils bitssosd OWT bas booltl od botsluania bas 4 91 . OL ral, b‘nifiob atqos. “oii. od ‘iw ae _ Yass) bas goad dousn daiv Mae aeshod" ei Be 1s vil dT sev, ni lange” plne8l «ito! asi sidsine ey Sic ¥ em inal en bas ,aliM 2 1995 Ms oT 2 rwob. oli «meds s10m. to gloved g suodiiw, sqygat Yo ebant adi al ds anil Ai wai ai duid2 6 29189) ei sod T ans eign: fies [ no na g 28 dick am died 10d ‘sqaateme “2 | ili, pnoslA, sbngg.s ai snd q ors pees ods edoolisyvo tnd ,92K0% sien ng boiqoo sti ai: d wor yd AeA oda ox babaued ai onal asqwh aid’T ¥ att to. 3u0 gataner doidw lest omied b'lls9 pene in & I .shlaieed « slodw xd? aoalaee edaaiieW gnibnoy bas we | nedio mud .so71g9F qwodtiw avitayne gama eins Sip: b'voo (29h bluog. 4 28 “i as oh 38 Jool- gain. & oded oO} basal ow fal 19 a0. ymaqmo.) od? Io flor ont Mis bib besbiti a bees ola owob olive. ave bouniiior bas dyid jo 3b0 ‘stiup- i Hol 2 mwodae eaw doirw oxi! dostl we efdshiomi 9 -orocdw Mis grovisl ods daiw b'anala mead sited ofssil & bad ow ovsdw qua? ara 10 to avo Jog bye flyer ow doidw eb 7 asibal | abloi'l naib offs bas oqeueT Yo anigilsb adi Ye § ‘dail © soos ban ennai manor Shoda sn@it yee bYdewe We . i to wRwD ads ot OMtkD IW this onal dost yen HC aweb sqoA brs. anid yee ody of beinal2 sw-soned ods mt vaidteen eit ota So sondq. gitibat sx00 ot en wt all aaliM BY slodw t ody ot qibnsiv? b'erost | ‘ | Npeahic ne ub to donha of owl yan. yal) oxpeter a oagi, of mods boost ow bnyot) geisths ios a0- | gaitowaT sid? b'wad) Uifl daidw genteinvol 3 22 AA “fourney to I Heads. The Ground was uneaven, rifine into Hills, and fink- d fe) >] Od. ing into Valleys great part of the way, but the Soil was good, abounding in moft places with a greafy black Mould. We took up our Quarters on the Weftern Bank of the River, where we had forded it at our coming up. One of our Men, Jofeph Colfon by Name, a timorous, lazy Fellow, had fquandered away his Bread, and grew very uneafy wnen his own ravening had reduced him to Short Allowance. He was one of thofe Drones who love to do little and eat much, and are never in humour unlefs their Bellies are full. According to this wrong turn of Conftitution, when he found he could no longer revel in Plenty, he began to break the Rules by complaining and threatening to defert. “This had like to have brought him to the Blanket, but his fubmiffion repriev’d him. Tho” Bread grew a little Scanty with us, we had Venifon in abundance, which a true Woodfman can eat contentedly without any Bread at all. But Bear’s flefh needs fomething of the Farinaceous, to make it pafs eafily off the Stomach. In the Night we heard a Dog bark at fome diftance, as we thought, when we faw all our own Dogs lying about the Fire. ‘This was another Alarm ; but we foon difcover’d it to be a Wolf, which will fometimes Bark very like a Dog, but forne- thing Shriller. 3 The fine Seafon continuing, we made the moft of it by leav- ing our Quarters as foon as poffible. We began to meafure and mark the Bounds of Maj’r Mayo’s Land on the South of the Country Line. In order to do this we marcht round the Bent of the River, but he being oblig’d to make a traverfe, we cou’d reach no farther than 4 Miles. In the Diftance of about a Mile from where we lay, we croft Cliff Creck, which con- fin’d its Stream within fuch high Banks that it was difficult to find a Paflage over. We kept clofe to the River, and 2 Miles farther came to Hixe’s Creek, where abundance of Canes lay dry and proftrate on the Ground, having Suffer’d in the late fiqsto]. ash woe to we: a yown borobanupit bast ; wollst 1s bad yoinever nwo @d now Yleone aw enor sods 16 sho gew fea a ake woth s to rat? yhowe aMihor Rae conol'l ab fever segitel om blucs of bach besaicd as o2 gninotadids bie gariniaiqmos yd eoly St oily anor oF 7 ud ,JederelG sd of tant adguord ovnd of Salil bad aid Tt? ob” | yao ofssif'e wag bast ‘od'T* stale Boba noiiendiN id dd te nacitboo W ‘sui « doidy @onsbauds ai métins V bed ow ca Asi dish er sof wh He dees yas qworltive Yibero09. ccdanidll ont Ro ylilas ey 21 odleen'6s zuocznniiel gH? WH gaidsoma. <2 nctiftib oma 1% ‘had _ & bined ow far ods aq its B ~vaol yd 2 Yo ~— off? sham ow ori pint ) ohes ban swine or negod sVF .siditog en nod? es er oft Yo dawod odd no’ baad eoyaM aieM Yor beget: qnotl ods brwo1 :doram ow zits ob oF thio al” said b'vod ow Stover! s adem o9 hiyilde paid a gh vs s wode WW sonchiCl sii “ak? ek es ie atid! oto anos" dott’ Gis RD ‘flor ow Be trid, e 0: susilib' exw si welt efi agid. ‘foul eds enlilt’ s "bee jr9viSt Sdy 69 Hols sq wer vl eons Yo ‘sanisbuuds siodw Goad xiFl 01 : osel oft “ni “Biased gtitved binort) sy no 9 the Land of Eden. a2 Septennial Slaughter of that Vegetable. A Mile after that we forded another Stream, which we called Hatcher’s Creek, from two Indian Traders of that Name, who uf’d formerly to carry Goods to the Sauro Indians. Near the Banks of this Creek I found a Large Beech Tree, with the following Infcription cut upon. the Bark ofvit, “SJ.,H.y.H.. H.,,B.. B., lay here the,a4th of May, 1673.” It was not difficult to fll up thefe Initials with the following Names, Jofeph Hatcher, Henry Hatcher and Benjamin Bullington, 3 Indian-Traders, had lodged near that Place 60 Years before, in their way to the Sauro Town. But the Strangeft part of the Story was this, that thefe letters, cut in the Bark, fho’d remain perfeCtly legible fo long. Nay, if no Accident befalls the Tree, which appears to be ftill in a flour- ifhing Condition, I doubt not but this piece of Antiquity may be read many years hence. We may alfo learn from it, that the Beech is a very long-liv’d Tree, of which there are many ex- ceedingly large in thefe Woods. The Major took ina pretty deal of rich low-Ground into his Survey, but unhappily left a a greater Quantity out, which proves the Weaknefs of making Entrys by guefs. We found the Dan fordable hereabouts in moft places. One of the Indians fhot a Wild Goofe, that was very loufy, which neverthelefs was good meat, and, prov’d thofe Contemptible Tafters to be no bad Tafters. However, for thofe Stomachs that were fo unhappy as to be Squeamifh, there was plenty of fat Bear, we having kill’d two in this day’s March. I cauf’d the Men to ufe double Diligence to aflift Maj’r Mayo 4 in fixing the Bounds of his Land, becaufe he had taken a great deal of pains about Mine. We therefore mounted our Horfes as foon as we had fwallow’d our Breakfaft. Till that is duly periorm’d 2 Woodfman makes a Confcience of expofeing himfelf to any Fatigue. We proceeded then in his Survey, and made an End before Night, tho’ moft of the Company were of Opin- 1733 Oé€t. gs lL aw sad) soite, off . soit piaarD 2 120 936R4 do, ~~ ons 0? qhoand b*hr od I door zi? 10 2dnsthjon ‘wo sobgrial griwalled ot i digs.oda oipdiyal .& a ,.BL HH. _” alsisind, soda qu Ua of aiuoittib: to ul oi on | has roe yasH vedo A aoe gaivr tet ason besbol bed robstT. asibal £ aorgaillufl pol ai! wil nwo'T onus? ads ox yaw aindd al youied erga¥ oan ‘iG iyo ,2xattol, sleds todd it ecw oie Sit lo meq) “Htognand aia ie om li,yaVl . .ynolah aldigel ylBeiseq migunor bod obsll odt ai : - “WOR «ni Mid od ed esoqqs doidweyoervT od3 allied ang ay ysen yiiupinA to s3eiq, ala sud. ton sducb I yoart sxe. sxaddy dgidw: to oer btvil-gnol yiov a soboml | yiisrq 6 ai toot rojalh of T abooW Otovky si ogual gniboss & hol yliqqaday aud. pyovie 2id opmi bawoitd-wol doin Yo feab gids io aonadeaW oda eavorq doidw Pale) vimnew votasig 8 _ mt atuodsared sidsbigt aC od: bavet aW Doug cd egondl pew tad moon buW? #« toe} aneibal ond lo oO + 6 fiom stod? b'vouw bas sem booy 2aw atolediaved ye 0 ag cavowolHl eons T bad. on, ad on appre qin: . ~ powell aie Ails 02 apasyili] olden ae eorg sade? bed. of Sunzad .bem aid Yo. fperg i git esttoH ao bones swiyiods, SW oni sods er xieq Web ei sedi IT Alsialnent wo. bylaw! 1 bed 2 . Udenitl guislogxs to. sagidlag?, » eodem miiboo! obsin bog vowed eit, ab nody 207 yw ») 3 “igQ » ane, yang pie Aon ‘oils adyiV 24. AA “Fourney to 1733. ion the Land was hardly worth the Trouble. It feem’d moft of Oct. it before below the Charaéter the Difcoverers had given him of it. We fix’d his Eaftern Corner on Cocquade Creek, and then continued our March, over the Hills and far away along the Country Line 2 Miles farther. Nor had we ftopt there, unlefs a likelihood of Rain had oblig’d us to encamp on an Eminence where we were in no danger of being overflow’d. Peter Jones had a finart fit of an Ague, which Shook him feverely, tho’ he bore it like a Man; but the fmall Major had a finall Fever, and bore it like a Child. He groan’d as if he had been in Labour, and thought verily it wou’d be his Fate to die like a Mutinous Ifraelite in the Wildernefs, and be bury’d under a heap of Stones. The Rain was fo kind as to give us Leifure to fecure our Selves againft it, but came however time enough to interrupt our Cook- ery, fo that we fupt as temperately as fo many Philofophers, and kept ourfelves Snug within our Tents. The worft part of the Story was, that the Centinels could hardly keep our Fires from being extinguifht by the heavinefs of the Shower. 5 Our Invalids found themfelves in travelling Condition this Morning, and began to conceive hopes of returning home and dying in theirown Beds. We purfued our Journey thro’ uneven and perplext Woods, and in the thickeft of them had the For- tune to knock down a Young Buffalo, 2 Years old. Providence threw this vaft Animal in our way very Seafonably, juft as our Provifions began to fail us. And it was the more welcome too, becaufe it was change of dyet, which of all Varietys, next to that of Bed-fellows, is the moft agreeabie. We had liv’d upon Venifon and Bear til our Stomachs loath’d them almoft as much as the Hebrews of Old did their Quails. Our Butchers were fo unhandy at their Bufinefs that we grew very lank before we cou’d get our Dinner. But when it came, we found it equal in in goodnefs to the beft Beef. “Lhey made it the longer becaufe they kept Sucking the Water out of the Guts, in imitation of the —. i —— = ss a i i ee "8, me > 4/4 ny a ae — ane _ 7 ee ; vent? us j oni b'rerast #1 sof Jitomid novig bed ody bas lon st ody gnols yews ‘tt ‘bch GME * dolow sods aqoh pat es odin oonnima as aol qmesis oF ay b*gitde | | eono[ 1190 Jb Wola yo gited te LBD od ‘ods pylnevst mid dood? dole ough bre jovel Isat 2 bad be Iterait 9 malt ‘2 peta 6 ot yer otoas ‘a aid od’ "wow id | 290018 to qiied aisha biywd of a ta V7 a ee cc 2ovise.ue swost on sublet ev ovig on ab bid of aaw nish | oo) ine tqriisini op ayuerio sini: rsvewod omsd 8 q we bas eorqololidt yasm OF es yissersqens) ak iquil ow seas a, 19 ois to, neq’ friow od'T '-etne'T 100° sticltivor guie eovi wo Iq93 mon eo wo quod ylbted bluos’ dlonitag’) sla ynely aa Ol | rowoil? oft to asnivecd odd yd iddingniamna pe tine 2idd novibaoD gnillovent ab dovistenadly Hair ebileval’ ram .. bas omod yaitriude to goxpor avivon69 ot fiaged bas “gaintol noveru ‘ods yooiwo |, 1 bene 9'W "abl nvro tied: a. -i0't oils bad mesids Yo Reasits ody at baw hoo W pxolqiag baw - sonshivert blo ama € olf gaudy & ‘nwob Sow of aut mo en Dust cyldsadtesé {iv yaw wo ni Tein A ‘Rey eid My wt oo? omoolsw stom of7 zew i baA eit Tied ot niiged ei | : iw iT o) gxen yehsV Ife Yo: doutw ovb jo agneds enw ry = noqd hvil bad o¥F ” sidnasrgs flom oat al av A ~ = om doudn-2e ftorlu marty bYdagot giopmeie ab it 8. stow: exotoml mO"’ ‘alin ists ‘bib DIY io wy ew sidtsd ansl yoy wotg ow ders dsatudl 7 ol) 3 ni Loupe 9 bined owe Sine a nodue tat’ Res! Cl wo, Stusasd Yoytol oils ti abate Yo ‘soft fiod ory o1 is od2 to noletion) ni 2D oti Fo wows Ws : the Land of Eden. 25 Catauba Indians, upon the belief that it is a great Cordial, and 1733 will even make them drunk, or at leaft very Gay. We en- Oct. campt upon Hico River, pretty high up, and had much ado to hev get our houfe in order, before a heavy Shower defcended upon us. I was in pain left our fick men might fuffer by the Rain, but might have fpar’d myfelf the Concern, becaufe it had the itfe@t of a Cold bath upon them, and drove away their diftem- per, or rather chang’d it into a Canine Appetite, that devour’d all before it. It rain’d Smartly all Night long, which made our Situation on the Low-Ground more fit for Otters than Men. We had abundance of drying Work this Morning after the Clouds broke away and fhew’d the Sun to the happy Earth. It oO was impofible for us to ftrike the Tents till the. afternoon, and then we took our departure, and made an eafy march of 4 Miles to another Branch of Hico River, which we call’d Jefuit’s Creek, becaufe it mifled us. We luge’d as many of the dainty Pieces of the Buffalo along with us as our poor Horfes cou’d carry, envying the Wolves the pleafure of fuch Luxurious dyet. Our Quarters were taken upon a delightful Eminence, that Scorn- fully overlookt the Creek, and afforded us a dry habitation. -We made Our Supper on the Tongue and Udder of the Buf- falo, which were fo good, that a Cardinal Legat might have made a comfortable Meal upon them during the Carnaval. Nor was this all, but we had ftill a rarer Morfel, the Bunch rifeing up between the Shoulders of this Animal, which is very tender and very fat. The Primeings of a Young Doe, which one of the Men brought to the Camp, were flighted amidit thefe Daintys, nor wou’d even our Servants be fobb’d off with Cates fo common. The Low-Grounds of this creek are wide in many places, and Rich, but feem to ly within reach of every Inundation ; and this is commonly the Cafe with moft low- Grounds, that ly either on the Rivers or on the Creeks that run into them, So great an Inconvenience leflens their Value very 2 ‘ a Sod rots yaimeM aids ohoW gabygb Yo sossbaade bad SW 2 na oW 8D roe Maal a6 =a ‘ tus “ @t obs doum bad) baw dy dgid sg nequ bobroteb wwor® wrod s ou 98 sabi0 ai atin A oda yd rofl tdgin_ nen gio ae ) fol ois ada bed ti stimoed gavv2ncD edly aby | ae 198d yaves ovolk bine ae > to woveb salt aitsqgA soning) & os di b'gnado voddser 34 nto sham dotdwi.gnol soi ile glname b'niss 21 Ji > sto lV. aa exon© 0b Wb some baword-wol od3 ao noitmuti 1 que yqqad oda’ 03 sd. ord b'wodt bas yaws stor zbuolD bre ,noomiovie.ody Mis etao'T ontt solid of en 10h ‘adiogit enw Bei ny & tatorim Via a. cham bas @uansqob WO tout ow nods toerD e‘sidle] bisaew doidw evil oot Jo dons iodons o1 2sa9ih yiniak ods Yo.ynsenr ex biggul aW eu bolltm Hi Siesed ‘Yris9 -b'poo eho seoq qwo es ew Mtiw yools oldu sits to “wO torb evorumemd duh to, ouitaalg ols eovloW od) atiyvas -m1078 teds sonsainn’d Istadgileb » aoqu nodal aisw eisiaeQ noitstidad yb & ey bebrofie bas esx ods nloohove ylit rlud sd? Yo webbU bas sygnoT djing. ioqqué wO bul oW. ovid tdoi tago,b ismibasD x rect eboog oh 19W doidw ‘olat soM levees odd gai snods coqu IeoM. sidanotmoes &’ sbem atin donwil ods sino tors: a Ii bed ow tud lls eid ecw yobaot yiov ai doidw ,lemiaA eids to erobluoda oni nsswrod qu te ono doidw90CL pave Ys Io agaiscaind ear” “aa Gav bas led? bine boadgih sew. qr ord on " sdguioxd naw, ody gin. dive Ro b'ddal pd. aggasy198 we move b‘uow oi ¢ ar.obiw om soon aide to abnuore worl adT ‘OOM yee to, dowax nidaiv yl or ragst sud Ait bas 2 » wwol. dion: daiw aD od sarrpes ‘i aid i ae tan 26 AA “fourney to 1733 much, and makes High-Land, that is juft tolerable, of greater Od. Advantage to the Owner. here he will be more likely to reap the Fruits of his Induftry every year, and not run the rifque, after all his Toil, to fee the Sweat of his Brow carry’d down the Stream, and perhaps many of his Cattle drown’d into the Bargain. Perhaps in times to come People may Bank their Low-Grounds as they do in Furope, to confine the Water within its natural Bounds to prevent thefe Inconveniences. 7 The Scarcity of Bread, join’d to the Impatience of fome of our Company, laid us under a kind of Neceffity to haften our Return home. For that reafon we thought we might be excufed for making a Sabbath day’s Journey of about 5 Miles, as far as our Old Camp upon Sugar Tree Creek. On our way we forded Buffalo Creek, which alfo emptys its Waters into Hico River. The Woods we rode thro’ were open, and the Soil very pfomifing, great part thereof being Low-Grounds, full of tall and large Trees. A She Bear had the ill luck to crofs our way, which was large enough to afford us feveral Luxurious Meals. I paid for Violateing the Sabbath by lofeing a pair of Gold Buttons. I pitcht my Tent on the very fpot I had done when we ran the Dividing Line between Virginia and Carolina. The Beech whofe bark recorded the names of the Carolina Commiffioners was ftill Standing, and we did them the Juftice to add to their Names a Sketch of their Characters. We got our Houfe in order time enough to walk about and make fome flight obfervations. There were Sugar Trees innumerable growing in the Low-Grounds of this Creek, from which it recely’d its name. ‘They were many of them as tall as large Hiccories, with Trunks from 15 to 20 Inches through. The Woodpeckers, for the pleafure of the fweet Juice which thefe Trees yield, pierce the Bark in many places, and do great damage, tho’ the Trees live a great while under all thefe Wounds. ‘There grows an infinite quantity of Maidenhair, ods) net. ton “brie A) ae A _ apes work rales ay to sero} Vo siilaena 9 or i bs wo asfted eyiteoe Yo bails Yh batwoxs od I ownage sw na Sedtxo% f i nuts sb dinddce gh i ow YAW iH’ 60 inl) em sort ag ‘aoqu qs) bl on om exdyeW eit dytqms Ole doidwy oe: liod sft has ~noqgo sow “oil obor ow aes oft Yo [hd phavorD-wol giied too'vorly’ Ping da97g wo dow ot foul fli'orls bad wd ste A B99 T ogul ime evoimxat [sve eo ‘biofis 0} dguens 9 sgrtst 3 Yo ting & getidhol-yd ‘inddee sds gniothlory snob bad T yo) yrav otf a0 inst Ue i tig ai aaron bis wohl avstwiod oni g es soil oc sal bib ‘ow ban ‘ttt aa caw, Ds : . - wily, 109 OV? watered visd? to iste & ome 2» ee me | omol salem bor swwode diew o9 dea ied silt’ aby ) sldmomuenant eat. git?” Siow iis! a cre si doithw moth Cataaicdl ait we Pate sdT yfrenes mre oe oy a iit he ‘ diody asia hina! eid aig rst sulasiq sida Key lis ashe: atl’ 299 cisdnabiel | W me ‘ail ay ay! af the Land of Eden. 25 which feems to delight moft in Rich grounds. The Sorrel Tree is frequent there, whofe leaves, brew’d in Beer, are good in Dropfyes, Green-Sickneis, and Cachexys. We alfo faw in this Place abundance of papa Trees, the Wood whereof the Indians make very dry on purpofe to rub Fire out of it. Their Method of doing it is this: “Ichey hold one of thefe dry Sticks in each hand, and by rubing them hard and quick together, rarify the Air in fuch a Manner as to fetch Fire in ten Minutes. Whenever they offer any Sacrifice to their God, they look upon it as a Profanation to make ufe of Fire already kindled, but produce frefh Virgin Fire for that purpofe, by rubbing 2 of thefe Sticks together that never had been uf’d before on any Oc- cafion. After fortifying ourfelf with a Bear Breakfaft, Majr Mayo g took what help he thought neceffary, and began to Survey the Land, with which the Commiffioners of Carolina had prefented him upon this Creek. After running the bounds, the Major was a little difappointed in the Goodnefs of the Land, but as it had coft him nothing it cou’d be no bad pennyworth, as his upper T’ra& really was. While that bufinefs was carrying on, i took my old Friend and Fellow Traveller, Tom Wilfon, and went to view the Land i had enter’d for upon this Creek, on the North of the Country Line. We rode down the Stream about 6 Miles, crofling it fundry times, and found very wide Low Grounds on both fides of it, only we obferved, wherever the Low-Grounds were Broad on one fide the Creek, they were narrow on the Other. The High Lands we were oblig’d to pafs over were very good, & in fome places defcended fo grad- ually to the edge of the Low-grounds, that they form’d very agreeable Profpeéts and pleafant Situations for building. About 4 Miles from the Line, Sugar Tree Creek empty’d itfelf into the Hico, which with that Addition fwell’d into a fine River. In this Space we faw the moft, and moft promifing good Land 1733 Og. ni wiht le oW endzc-a: todT yi eioeent deuany hoy edvitd ytb dieda Yoon blod-ysdT ald ‘ovivgo? aoinp. bas bused mpl unl aes ai id dos ot mi ¥ noqu aool yads bot srl) of ; | | ud belbaik ybsouls sui Yo Si alam or coltandert s a a Sods Io.& gniddun yd sloynug ands tet sai nigh efter aouboq ~20 yas no soled: " neod bad won tery varhiagor zalois2 snoitea g oye sis Deddone ar: ie Yao snnoedl wihA od? yaviwe of nagad bine ,.yuilieoom stguods od. qlod iadve too? baiasterq bed. sailow2 to monomimmoD od? doidw daive bantl s0jel od? bowed off gninnyt DRA aloo irl noqu mid “Wes 10d pbasl ody Io Aonhoow) ot al. bormioggatib alsil « eew eid a8 dnowynneg bed on od b‘uos ti gnidiog entidl” Shoo bed 10 gaiynKn «sw donilud sede oid WO eaw leon, BsrT soqqu bie niW. moT llevar T wollet bas basird blo yen Aoos I sno glsow) aida. aoquy ret boaras- bad. E bast odd woiv iaaw msoue. ot) mwoh box oW. .oninl. aaw0D ota Yo dn sbiw yew bawel bos j2zoutia yrbmuid ti gnifter solid * Tayoi1shw. beviside ow ylno ii to, zobit hod ao ebnu iow yor elon ods obit aH0 no baorl sow ehnwoik)-¥ oi b'gildo: s19w, ow ebag Agi odT . z9dx0 rbing ch babaesteb ‘esoglg ame. ai be og es . qiov b'envot yords ame) @bauory-wol odds to. ) OMe modA. .yoibliud xt, eneiseyaia) indeolg bas 2 fs yoqto MT olds, osai Aisiti b: YIqin .waOT) ont ged anit od mort gol avi soit «emi billsw) aoiibbA, aed, 28 AA “fourney to we had met with in all our Travels. In our way we Shot a Doe, but fhe not falling immediately, we had loft our Game had not the Ravens, by their Croaking, conducted us to the Thicket where fhe fell. We plunged the Carcafs of the Deer into the Water, to fecure it from thefe Ominous Birds till we return’d, but an Hour afterwards were furpriz’d with the Sight of a wolf which had been fifhing for it, and devour’d one Side. We knockt down-an antient She Bear that had no flefh upon her Bones, fo we left it to the Free-Booters of the Forreft. In coming back to the Camp we difcover’d a Solitary Bull Buffalo, which boldly ftood his Ground, contrary to the Cuftom of that Shy Animal, we fpar’d his Life, from a principle of never Slaughtering an Innocent Creature to no purpofe. However, we made ourfelves fome Diverfion, by trying if he wou’d face our Dogs. He was fo far from retreating at their Approach, that he ran at them with great fiercenefs, cocking up his ridicu- lous little Tail, and grunting likea Hog. The Dogs in the mean time only plaid about him, not venturing within reach of his Horns, and by their nimblenefs came off with a whole Skin. All thefe Adventures we related at our return to the Camp, and what was more to the purpofe, we carry’d to them the fide of Venifon which the Wolf had vouchfaft to leave us. After we had compof’d ourfelves to reft, Our Horfes ran up to Our Camp as faft as their Hobbles would let them. ‘This was to fome of us a certain Argument that Indians were near, whofe {cent the Horfes can no more endure than they can their Figures; tho’. it was more likely they had been fcar’d by a Panther or fome other Wild Beaft, the glaring of whofe Eyes are very terrifying to them in a dark Night. Majr Mayo’s Survey being no more than half done, we were oblig’d to amufe Ourfelves another day in this Place. And that the time might not be quite loft, we put our Garments and _ Baggage into good repair, I for my part never fpent a day fo sod? ow yaw wo al ‘ahaa ane tpn it aso Stol bad ow gybssmibsnatl dy od ey biBubnos gableohD orld ye Cl oe Yo AcomRD sit Sage. WP otf x w lia abril evonisO) Bods sie i ta on “ois Weed {wi2 odt hiv b'shepih sow ebvewniite weOM me sud When re” sbi2 ono bo woveb bre die) paid medd: bed doiddy ering tam! Al oqu dish oa bert teds to od? snsitwe Me nwob sioonlsW* 1s 1 ftst0 ons Yowiaicotl-oorl sd ot Hite! ow o} ,2otof aed 84! sichud Huth yratiled e bYavodtih sw qenaDieds 02 such guleloe we sds to moftu® adv of yueiines .bruot® gid book ylblod Hoidvw svoq to vigisnng « molt tht eid bed ow lsnrinAd x2“ isvewoH .slogwq on ‘of suntss1) sozonal as snivshigedle yaue ost b'oow od Ti ghiya yd ynothovid omar aavishivo obaet-ow donoigqgA tied? 28 gniterist sot: 1 A eewoH .2ego we) oF voibha aid qu ghidooo gienspish tso1g ditw mods so ass ord sedge som oda ntegoM ad T gol « adil gnisnorg bas fieT sboevel ov a id lo dose nidtiw gnitetev ton nid tnodsbialqyyltioy smi nité slodw a dtiw Ro ome densldmin sivds yt bee amo 1a qoueO ods 08 router we We bottler ow eoaumeWb A dtody ta ma o abil ods mods of biytiso sw Sloqusg od? oF ox0m exw snelwy ” = ww iitA .au ovesh or edowov bad WoW add dsidviadting We nm nn wO of quasi asholt wO diner said Noga Be ai o sao) of 2awieitF ened s0f bluow eolddoH tisds en ft ef © ot sn9ct Sodw asen s1ow-sasibrl inf? snomugtA ‘nisnso 6 ea sears ‘odi ; eowgiD rio? ano yor? nada siwbas stan on ned eho nal ymodl 10" tortie l 2 yd? bias: noed bart yords ylosit nom ewe witvlinias ey 18 aoe iia ae een ode fieod geitlion 2 Him idyll ahab e ni'medy of sisw sw yomob ied pa 210R OM gaiod yore e'o av Tt py eds ba A” poet eid ni yb odo: esvldine Pimnd'idd * iid $i ie enim Ino rig ow fol otiup- 9d ton detginer oct A ysh a taagh wven eq wT | — : the Land of Eden, | 29 well during the whole Voyage. I had an impertinent Tooth in ny upper Jaw, that had been loofe for fome time, and made me chew with great Caution. Particularly I cou’d not grind a Bit cuit but with much deliberation and prefence of mind. Tooth- Drawers we had none amongft us, nor any of the Inftruments they make ufe of. However, Invention fupply’d this want very happily, and I contriv’d to get rid of this troublefome Com- panion by cutting a Caper. I caufed a ‘Twine to be faften’d round the Root of my Tooth, about a Fathom in Length, and then ty’d the other End to the Snag of a Log that lay upon the Ground, in fuch a Manner that I cou’d juft ftand upright. Having adjufted my String in this manner, I bent my Knees enough to enable me to {pring vigoroufly off the Ground, as perpendicularly as I cou’d. ‘The force of the Leap drew out the Tooth with fo much eafe that I felt nothing of it, nor fhould have believ’d it was come away, unlefs | had feen it dangling at the End of the String. An Under tooth may be fetcht out by ftanding off the Ground and faftning your String at due diftance above you. And having fo fixt your Gear, jump off your Standing, and the weight of your Body, added to the force of the Spring, will poize out your Tooth with lefs pain than any Operator upon Earth cou’d draw it. “This new way of Tooth-drawing, being fo filently and deliberately perform’d, both furprized and delighted all that were prefent, who cou’d not guefs what I was going about. I immediately found the beneht of getting rid of this troublefome Companion, by eating my Supper with more comfort than I had done during the whole Expedition. In the Morning we made an End of our Bread, and all the reft of Our Provifion, fo that now we began to travel pretty light. All the Company were Witneffes how good the Land was upon Sugar Tree Creek, becaufe we rode down it 4 Miles, till it fell into Hico River. ‘Then we directed our Courfe over Oo - yorq love ox caged, ewowon smile Gt gt ‘oda coq: yuk tate gol « to yaad, ott op badd sdeoyods biyr ands ‘gained wey gaat baw bawowd) ofa Ro gaibnafk yd aso sort . 99 o2 bobs .yboll moy to adgiow oda bas pgaibasie soy Ro ning asl dilw diooT woy mo esiog Miw ,gaingd edi. Bo sot pasmutial old Yo qos ton aul Voy jnew aide b ylggal notwaval aavewoll Aahantaca nelly -inoD omdtelduow zis to bia tyg 09 b*vininoa 1 baz ,yliqged b'nofte od of octiwT « botwap EF aaegsD ss. gag300 yd noineg - bos ,dignod. ni cnodiel « yoda dligeT ym to.200f..odi bauor adghnqs baal Raj b'voo 1 tetht tenn = dooy nt gbasorD eon awn ined Diyeaanm zidi phgeied yo boftujbs guiveH es -brtwore) of) The yhuorogiv gain os ot sidsas.at dguon> — iuo worb qrad ont Yo, soot oF) .bimoo I eapglselyotbasgreq 100 ,2¢ 20 yairson ab} 1 sede shes, dour ct diiw daooT ods i aaah hei { Asiow eaves oot0o eswai b'voiled ovat blood od yarn ‘dicot 19bal) mA, .gnind, ads do bat ond a9 gailganb qinu| ,189%) 1W0y di. O grived baA . .wopevods soanfib sub is yaw wou aid hwarb Bb eooudiedl, sogu ieimaqO. yas. neds b'nmolieg ylorsrdifab bos yliselit dh gaiod ygaivebedaooT Yo b'uos ow gnsiesq grow tad? dls beadgilob, bas, basingat died ofa bawot ylotsibomend 1 suede gaiog. eaw Laedw aseg ton gnites yd MoinsqmoD smotslduon eidt io bin gniszeg to silonsd | alodw eda gabiuh snob bad L sal swohanoa oom daw soqque en - noisiboga orld Us brs fos +O 5 to bad “an shame ow 3aian0 sia 1 wO 9 bast sea boog word esiteag W. saw yasqmoD 2 @oli. asi nwob ohorjaw stusaed leo, soT wove dkauo) nip hafbaah ow aadT seyiAl, ai 1733 O Neca poco If 30 A Fourney to the High Land, thinking to Shorten our way to Tom Wilfon’s Quarter. Neverthelefs, it was our Fortune to fall upon the Hico again, and then kept within fight of it feveral Miles to- gether, till we came near the Mouth. Its Banks were high and full of precipices on the Eaft Side, but it afforded fome Low- Grounds on the Weft. Within 2 Miles of the Mouth are good fhews of Copper Mines, as Harry Morris told me, but we faw nothing of them. It runs into the Dan juft below a large Fall, but the chain of Rocks dont reach quite crofs the River, to intercept the Navigation. About a Mile below lives Aaron Pinfton, at a Quarter belonging to Thomas Wilfon, upon Tewahominy Creek. This man is the higheft Inhabitant on the South fide of the Dan, and yet reacons himfelf perfectly fafe from danger. And if the Bears, Wolves, and Panthers were as harmlefs as the Indians, his Stock might be fo too. Tom Wilfon offer’d to knock down a Steer for us, but I would by no means accept of his Generofity. However, we were glad of a few of his Peas and Potatoes, and fome Rafhers of his Bacon, upon which we made good Chear. This Plantation lys about a Mile from the Mouth of Tewahominy, and about the fame diftance from the Mouth of Hico River, and contains a good piece of Land. The Edifice was only a Log Houfe, affording a very free paflage for the Air thro’ every part of it, nor was the cleanlinefs of it any temptation to lye out of our Tents, fo we encampt once more, for the laft time, in the open Field. I tippt our Landlady with what I imagined a full Reward for the Trouble we had given her, and then mounted our Horfes, which prickt up their Ears after the 2 Meals they had eaten of Corn. In the Diflance of about a Mile we reacht the Dan, which we forded with fome difficulty into the Fork. The Water was pretty high in the River, and the Currant fomething Rapid, neverthelefs all the Company got over fafe, with only a ea ca0'T on gave adi soqu {lst of stilt 08 wali Vt Livow st ti Yoh brs dyid snow etnefl a -wod siict baba a si ois divol ody to ali s midi sud om blot eixtoM yn es a ‘yoqye" s wolsd Aut mC “say osit eeurt t “ts Yo ion Wl od? dior stip donot toh aloo te titid> sc) tid “ie 2evil woltd oli a tuatA ..woltegiral sdf sqoovsta? ©: OniW asinodT’ of 'yalgioled wie) tastidadal fodgit ona al mits eit T° abi eacioheld ysis Ustmid nooner toy bak (aah ody ‘to obit Havees evdinsl bus ovhiW jewel ody W nie! srsgctb moi” oot 8) ad algion Bote ed enaibnd pore i étolerrintt 'e bluow FT sud jou 161 19982 8 awoh dood eb boo nell ow ow LSvawor itersnD eid Yo sqo0n anton to evorle “sath ‘bein’ esotiaey bite eae BO wl | ‘ot noinsitelt aT akedD hoog sbant ow doidw toqu: f ont ia sods bis .yaimodaws'T %é dizxoM di ‘mor sliM s — er anismos bar pevit oo Ww fawoM orf ipertt eonefih ‘Sree oie wel sods ylao exw sobH od T rgncit thee i to neq -yisvs Yo? aA: ond 16 ageRiag sail yrov & gr wo to 1060 Syf ot noite yne 1 te ‘Roane we re) nego one ni smis ‘Aint ods wt ae - imesh sw Ot 209" 1h babar tae “8, tT sede di “i ““ hoH wo bomnwom nodt bas Ged wovig to nome bed yodd ales off volts aml isl 93 tddaa1 ow Sth’ 7] suode Yo odT Set od) “ent yilusihiy reer gaidsomdl smrte’) ons bite 25d sity alt & ylao drive ote secant * the Land of Eden. 31 little Water in their boots. After traverfing the Fork, which 1733 Fg was there at leaft 2 good Miles acrofs, We forded the Stanton into a little Ifland, & then the narrow Branch of the fame to the main Land. We took Majr Mumford’s Tenant in Our way, where we moiften’d Our Throats with a little Milk, and then proceeded in good Order to Blue Stone Caftle. My Landlady received us with a grim Sort of a welcome, which I did not expect, fince 1 brought her Hufband back in good Health, tho’ perhaps that might be the Reafon. ‘Tis fure fome- thing or other did teize her, and fhe was a female of too ftrong Pafhons to know how to diffemble. However, fhe was fo Civil as to get us a good Dinner, which I was the better pleaf’d with becaufe Colo. Cock and Mr. Mumford came time enough to partake of it. The Colo. had been Surveying Land in thefe parts, and particularly that on which Mr, Stith’s Copper Mine lys, as likewife a Traé&t on which Cornelius Cargill has fine Appearances. He had but a poor Opinion of Mr. Stith’s Mine, foretelling it would be all labour in vain, but thought fomething better of Mr. Cargill’s. After Dinner thefe Gentlemen took their Leaves, and at the fame time I difcharg’d 2 of my fellow travellors, Thomas Wilfon and Jofeph Colfon, after having made their Hearts merry, and giving each of them a piece of Gold to rub their Eyes with. We now return’d to that Evil Cuftom of lying in a houfe, and an evil one it is, when ten or a dozen People are for& to pig together ina Room, as we did, and were troubled with the Squalling of peevifh, dirty Children into the Bargain. We eat our Fill of Potatoes and Milk, which feems delicious Fare to thofe who have made a Campaign in the Woods. I then took my firft Minifter, Harry Morris, up the Hill, & markt out the place where Blue ftone Caftle was to Stand, and over- look the Adjacent Country. After that I put my Friend in mind of many things he had done amifs, which he promif’d 12 BO Sisdd at bas gatyoymye tweed had waloD ad D> dite palatieg 03 ( goulomel adgued) sud ynicy ai modaldis od bluow. 4 geullosoiot Ss | bas dliM, olyik i cpa tgs . aoblid nub tivoeg pani: od sbiw : ~~ : ni basin’, os Iq " andl pa ; e doistyy a ae od, rips ny ay Bonne of) bobo W 2 oh: ; ye ceiceaniedls Yo, dome we : ook f wO. ai, aaasT ¢ vM alte ener. ould, pi oa ai 1 doidw.ameolsw 2 to 108 gaiay sw dive eu. bovieosy 3 boog ai Ased basdioH wd tdggord T soni aise bib -omno) awh tT .noheo AL ont od adie asd eqadiag * guot)oc3 to slam & ee, adh beim gael axios bib ail) o i oO exw odl yisvewokl. .sidensRib on wod wond 03 gnome b“nolg wo220d godly gaw I doichw ggmmiCl boog:# ay’ jag on ee livid dyvong soais simeo brotaw MM. iba dooD. lod: stusa0d iw oni w9qq00 .a'dtiae 2M dotdwe mo) seals. qraluoiasg: bas neq ont anc UigieD sewifanroD doniw no Ban'T x: shiveoalil an al oni, e'dsisé aM, Yo noiniqO 190g 6 gud bed 9H. apoagueqg A doo) namoliase): Meds rani, wRA, . wllignnD a, Yo r9n0d wollst yay to.£ b'gindahib L osuia opmgt : ghived.. r9fte, ~oiloD , goto bas aol W amod Tt , . to 209iq, & mond to dose grivig bag ence ans ‘ioe sham lival dark?) of b'aisi9t wort OW _ oli anya rises du oo | 5 WO 193 nokye al Mi ono liva fie bus luod & ab a in i} bib ow 26), c00051 Bani wsdla9yo3 giq 01. Prot oa igo ssioletiod amosk delibee ‘aliM bas, ae i210 1 jo [A a0 329 L thooW odd ai arene & eben peel -bYimoig od doiuiwe ions ‘nob wa egnida ynaen Yo. 1733 Rian se a2 AA ‘fourney to faithfully to reform. J was fo much an Infidel to his fair Speeches, (having been many times deceiv’d by them,) that I was fore’d to threaten him with my higheft difpleafure, unlefs he mended his Condu& very much. J alfo let him know, that he was not only to Correé his own Errors, but likewife thofe of his Wife, fince the power certainly belong’d to him, in Vertue of his Conjugal Authority. He Scratcht his head at this laft Admonition, from whence I inferred that the Gray Mare was the better Horfe. We gave our heavy Bageage 2 hours’ Start, and about noon follow’d them, and in 12 Miles reacht John Butcher’s, calling by the way for Mafter Mumford, in order to take him along with us. Mr. Butcher receiv’d us kindly, and we had a true Roanoke Entertainment of Pork upon Pork, and Pork again upon that. He told us he had been one of the firft Seated in that remote part of the Country, and in the beginning had been forét, like the great Nebuchadnezzar, to live a con- fiderable time upon Grafs. This honeft man fat a mighty Value on the Mine he fancyed he had in his Pafture, and fhew’d Us fome of the Oar, which he was made to believe was a Gray Copper, and wou’d certainly make his Fortune. But there is a bad Diftemper rages in thofe parts, that grows very Epidemical. The People are all Mine mad, and negleéting to make Corn, ftarve their Familys in hopes to live in great Plenty hereafter. Mr. Stith was the firft that was feiz’d with the Frenzy, and has fpread the Contagion far and near. As you ride along the Woods, you fee all the large Stones knockt to pieces, nor cana poor Marcafite reft quietly in its Bed for thefe Curious Inquirers. Our converfation ran altogether upon this darling Subjed, til the hour came for our lying in bulk together. After breaking our faft with a Sea of Milk and potatos, we took our leave, and I croflt my Landlady’s hand with a piece of Money. She refuf’d the Offer at firft, but, like a true Woman, * tim eid of lobitnl as domm) I ands (eaods yd b'visqab ead! Aolnw ,visheoldiib fadgid: yam sie i yada pword mid sob oils, PY Io Dod stiwodil ud ond nwo Pr sure V oi uid on b'gnoled sn we = soll 4 fiel 2ida 12 beed eid sdotene. oll 4 / Moe raw sinM yore) orl: sede boxistnd I seanlek thor noitinodibAy a yy 11012 ‘ewod © sgaggell yvaed in0 ovag oW Sho: ated sft ndol, tone ali ox ai bas «mods b'wollot noon juods bag: «60s o} ohio ai ,bioteta M. afta 08.3 yaw ot ysl gailisa yetrsdasul bas ,ylbniad ev b'viscen werlowl Mem, tiw grole snid sled 0 : bar abot soqu 420% to inomaiarsd alesse c ous hedow . fy od2 Io one need bad edew.blor oH. sands noqu nigge lap Grisinigod or? nt brs eye odd to J16qG Doss indo ni boise’ ey 10> s ovil od jesesabatisude sso1g, odeodil: Brot ared-bad > saith c 1 ase Démod, 2idT As snogu: omit) oldaasbihon bas rusdied ¢id nt bad od boyoust. od, oni ody nd) — oa! sew ovajlod of shan emwi od aloidw sO odt lowmctel biwodd | sw outro eid: obeee ylnisnsa b‘wow bin yroqqoD noel : yiov eworg dad? ating dtodd eh eoge reqeradtil bed a ait out s Ale, 03 gaiSelgen bas bem saibdills, ore, akgoo aT daoisnsbiqah: — ‘ sso7g ai ovil ot 2oqod. mb aylicnad siody ovialt meD sidan ad oa daiw b'sish aw. weds: fat odd-anue dais®..oM. toAsoagd anol : 2A .se0nt ban oat noigsinoD » oda beorgh end bas .ysnarl odd late »* rAsonal) aanoyxe ogial oda: Hx: ash wey @booW odt gnols sbiv woy © ie xc} boll 238i ni qyieiup fsa ositnoun 100g & MRD ron ee di" a aoqu tsiegoils ns noiahavig2, wO- ernivpal tol . Mud ni by 1u0 beat ape ods rien wtih ae ae mi mf ats) bf Seer. tb : ow ,20780q hia iM lie sien Rabatios gableord 1A lo sosiq s daiw brad rrp ist veo o aacoW swu's vlil aud fait ae: Doth 1 the Land of Eden. 33 accepted of it when it was put Home to Her. She told me the 1793 utmoft fhe was able to do for me was a trifle in Comparifon of Oct. fome favour I had formerly done Her; but what that favour ry was, neither 1 cou’d recollect, nor did fhe think proper to ex- plain. Tho’ it threaten’d Rain, we proceeded on our Journey, and joge’d on in the New Road for 20 Miles, that is as far as it was clear’d at that time, and found it wou’d foon come to be a very good one after it was-well grubb’d. About g Miles from John Butcher’s, we crofft Allen’s Creek, 4 Miles above Mr. Stith’s Mine. Near the Mouth of this Creek is a good Body of rich Land, whereof Occaneechy Neck is a part. It was enter’d for many Years ago by Colo. Harrifon and Colo. Allen, but to this day is held without Patent or Improvement. And they fay Mr. Bolling dos the fame, with a Thoufand Acres lying below John Butcher’s. After beating the new Road for 20 Miles, we {truck of towards Meherrin, which we reacht in 8 Miles farther, & then came to the Plantation of Jofhua Nich- olfon, where Daniel Taylor lives for Halves. There was a poor dirty houfe, with hardly any thing in it but Children, that wallow’d about like fo many Pigs. It is a common Cafe in this part of the Country, that People live worft upon good Land; and the more they are befriended by the Soil and the clymate, the lefs they will do for themfelves. ‘This man was an Inftance of it, for tho’ his Plantation would make Plentiful returns for a little Induftry, yet he wanting that, wanted every thing. The Woman did all that was done in the Family, and the few Gar- ments they had to cover their dirty Hides were owing to her Induftry. We cou’d have no Supplys from fuch Neighbours as thefe, but depended on our own KnapSacks, in which we had fome Remnants of cold Fowls that we brought from Blueftone Caftle. When my Houfe was in Order, the whole Family came and admir’d it, as muchas if it had been the Grand Vizier’s Tent in the Turkifh Army. 2 eae leche ae aonioh pa ea aa ae wows al nel inal Hy: yhns i wwe -x9 02 19q0 14 Aida gah hits wey : ‘Enndtion ,2 crane, 1we te behevs07q sw gti Giieutll an wht es eb tees ool of 1h eo wo odds pifheer wera sd ot ooo nom b'uow vt bog Raw gods: tadt 12 b‘aslo enw sit mot ali @ woedA .b'ddusg Hognlesw si iis sno -basg yoy & aM ovede ei & set atigsffA aor ow redone aol, ybol hoog # af siasiD aisle Yo dio ods 199 - sail, alts caw. 3h tet wei dos ydossasaaO Yosrodwe yond. toit Yo sll .oloD bas notireH .oloD 9d oge-en2¥) yastmaed, bins bsA snemtsvoxger] 1 anes syodsiw bled at ysb sidaor sud aA bnawod Es dtiw semt, adi gob gaillol UM yt youl wt beodl won add) geirend AA sivedson fol, wold pity! ni idosox ow’ doidw ,atnodol abaawer Ro asufbowgasliM os . aii austol, to noiteins!T od? ot amas nods podem efi 8 /g eaw ovodT. ,eovinH 10) -zovil aeleT loins sapdw .nello ssdd conblid sud ai ni gain yaw elbaed csiw ,Shiart ynib tog aii ni Ne? nommes «eal — .egil yaad) oli sods bYwollew ibaml boog noqu flow evil sigost Gad ecanweD: ada Yo meq aan ode baw tiee sale yd bobasiited o1s. yods oxomt odd bos soonfinl os egw oom eid Tl .2ovishevedsadtob Hive yoda aol ors fe, s 1G) enwion Intijae!T sclera blvow aoitsmelT 2id ‘ody iol gi to od. .gnid? yrevo botnsw gerd gnienew sd soy eiabal sissil hl we) wot oft baw evliomshodr ni snob enw ands Ue bib memo W rel 0) gaiwo stow esbiH ytib tieds r9ve9 02: bard qod? -eanom as ewodigis'A dod mont eyiqqué om oved b'uea 3 apubal bed ow doidw ni ieelgenA awe, wo no Rods onofloule{ mot adguond ov tad) elo bloo to ainsnano A pena oytened . clode rls wab1O ont anv Guo yar nol W Resid _a‘apisiV base ode none bed 10 tive | b a Se a A I i 34. | “A “fourney to 1733. The fabbath was nowcome round again, and altho’ our Horfes O&.14 wou'd have been glad totake the benefit of it, yet we determin’d to make a Sunday’s Journey to Brunfwick Church, which lay about 8 Miles off. Tho’ our Landlord cou’d do little for us, neverthelefs, we did him all the good we were able, by bleeding his fick Negro, and giving him a Dofe of Indian Phyfick. We got to Church in decent time, and Mr. Betty, the Parfon of the Parifh, entertain’d us with a good honeft Sermon, but whether he bought it, or borrow’d it, would have been uncivil in us to inquire. Be that as it will, he is a decent Man, with a double Chin that fits gracefully over his Band, and his Parifh, efpe- cially the Female part of it, like him well. We were not crowded at Church, tho’ it was a new thing in that remote part of the Country. What Women happen’d to be there, were very gim and tydy in the work of their own hands, which made them look tempting in the Eyes of us Forefters. When Church was done, we refrefht our Teacher with a Glafs of Wine, and then receiving his Bleffing, took Horfe and directed our Courfe to Maj’r Embry’s. The Diftance thither was re- puted 15 Miles, but appear’d lefs by the Company of a Nymph of thofe Woods, whom Innocence, and wholefome Flefh and Blood made very alluring. In our way we croft Sturgeon Creek and Queocky Creek, but at our Journey’s end were fo unlucky as not to find either Mafter or Miftrefs at home. However, after 2 hours of hungry Expectation, the good Woman luckily found her way home, and provided very hofpitably for us. As for the Major, he had profited fo much by my Prefcription, as to make a Journey to Williamfburgh, which required pretty good health, the diftance being little Short of 100 Miles, IS After our Bounteous Landlady had cherifht us with Roaft Beef and Chicken-Pye, we thankfully took Leave. At the fame time we feparated from our good Friend and Fellow Traveller, Maj’r Mayo, who fteer’d directly home. He is certainly a very shictinnttesé ie bnimorsb ow 197 3 to dened srt SP vel doidw dowd adoiwhnhl 7 yoeel, § au it shit ob b‘ves baathand » “e T gilboali qd elds s1sw Sw boo siti Mie oW .dotydt asibal Yo stoCl & m / go : Prt. be of? to acdhsT od? ~yitoll aM bas plan dont ; “¥ vodserhw. tad ,nonred fined boog ¢ Ha EL Sninyian iat ~“s ot av ai liviony nad oved bluow JP btworned 10 vt gue’ et” ioe! siduob « dsiw asl twoasb © 2 ad Miwa ented: off sifupe al -sejio diac eid brs \ bist ant 1940) yliitsonry zit tedkt nid’) hits ion tow SW llow md soil tte tring, sternal sity likis sq some: sees of gait won & evr of OMe dod 18 bobwor sviow stoda od of binsdqed aor Pe a ethivo) ad to. obec doidw ,ebosd nwo vidi Yo dow oni at Ou! bas enti ey? aod Wo ‘vereftore"E auto" wort oly’ ‘at’ ‘gnizqins1 tool hate , jo AsiD- « dtiw verse T awe sd)sty aw 20h enw dowd ems bofsiib bax ShoH dood Ygnihela cif ‘gnivisasr nor) ban ant -s1 caw wodrid) ‘sont aff Leyden Tis oy ‘nied wo 7 nila & to yanqmtoD ory yd det. b'aoqqR gud oli at beaiq brs dtl emolsledw baa poistonnT move ebooW" ody to doetD nooyune flo ow Yew tno nf gnitiulti qiay abem boot yaoulen ot stow ‘bas eysniwel “uo ts wd 1D ‘bas siovewoH emo ds asi sofa dss “bad ‘oF ton - aan ylitoul demo W booy ‘orl hoimPsgx Al Yigal Yo riod ¢ sits * : eA 27 wt yldstiqiod yey bobivoty” brig; ainodt Yew 19 yod ban ot es noisghseid yar Yd" dade’ ot basing “bad |S sols bs 1 boog wioiy boriupor doidw plgredtincill hog qorwol. a dam ? . eolIME oot! We Rede Shit Sitiod Sonefib od ised Reo dstw ev sflieds ‘bed ybélbatd evdsiaudtl wo | srt of PA’ oved T todd fatalands ow (3 4-nodoid”) bas too solloveyT wells bas bio T body ‘vo ima boisingst aye Sankt (iy 6 yale ei oH — brani olfw ¢¢ ve 1681108. the Land of Eden. an ufeful, as well as an agreeable Companion in the Woods, being 1733 ever cheerful & good-humor’d, under all the little Croffes, Oct. difafters, and difappointments of that rambling Life. As many of us as remain’d joge’d on together to Saponi Chapel, where I thankt Major Mumford and Peter Jones for the trouble he had taken in this long Journey. “That Ceremony being duly per- form’d, I filed off with my honeft Friend, Mr. Banifter, to his Habitation on Hatcher’s Run, which lay about 14 Miles from the Chapel above-mention’d. His good-humour’d little Wife was glad to fee her Runaway Spoufe return’d in Safety, and treated us kindly. It was no {mall pleafure to me, that my worthy Friend found his Family in good Health, and his Affairs in good Order. He came into this Ramble fo frankly, that I fhou’d have been forryif he had been a Sufferer by it. In the Gaiety of our hearts we drank our bottle a little too freely, . which had an unufual Effet on Perfons fo long accuftom’d to Simple Element. We were both of us raif’d out of our Beds in the fame Manner, and near the fame time, which was a fair proof that people who breath the fame Air, and are engaged in the fame Way of living, will be very apt to fall into the fame Indifpofitions. And this may explain why Diftempers fome- times go round a Family, without any reafon to believe they are infectious, according to the Superftition of the Vulgar. After pouring down a Bafin of Chocolate, I wifht Peace to 16 that Houfe, and departed. As long as Mr. Banifter had been abfent from his Family, He was yet fo kind as to conduct me to Major Mumford’s, & which was more, his wife very obligingly confented to it. The Major feem’d overjoy’d at his being return’d Safe and Sound from the perils of the Woods, tho’ his Satif- faction had fome Check from the Change his pretty Wife had fuffer’d in her Complexion, The Vermilion of her Cheeks had given place a little to the Saffron, by means of a fmall Tincture of the Yellow Jaundice. I was forry to fee fo fair a a sect gniad boo W. sd) ai f 1 ei. a a ‘Sromtten Tye T™ ycugen a eid golden iALNLOgC " Deovdw JoqatD i rt Maing ry ee ( Boia bat! of oldyor odd 10% Gace i q 1) pees by “194 sited gned yenyian Fu os bins atihals a iioute pa oe 100k py: xen tedz yom 9% eynalq Maat om, enw 1 olbad: oe 211ehA eid brs dsleott boog ni vliga’t zid bayot ra Sat I asd3 iow ob sides Sl aide omit sime> oH -13b10 bog ni al 21 yd, sorting «nocd bed ed Hi yl, aged oved b'uoh etiset ooy slssil ¢ alized .vo angab ewensod wo Io yel _ 01 b'mofiuses gnol ol. cached no BIRT Levu a8 wd doidw #hs@ wo to ao bist ew to diod sT19W 2W anomald (ait senw doidw omit ornsl ods 1930, bas a per ont ni ni bogegns ois bar alA smash odd danond odw algosq, soda joo1g ora ond omni fet oF age yrov 2d Hw egnivil, o uw oma ods oma erogensdtiCl ydw aialgxe yarn aid bra, -2nsoitogiibal ane you? ovailed of agieat yor iuodsine sens 11991 | -isglu V od? Yo noisidhequé ont 02 gai 2 wr Or ot 29894 sdtiw T sashoood2 io niles awob 3 nity oq 198A oH id noad bed roftinsa «MM as Bool 2A bo: wo sed ¥ or om Bubner o2 en baial Dh I9y enw ot r sage te? il made E Mh: vigaivildo herh) ative aid om eswe ats ly | sia mp) b's. gnisd eit 1h b'yojzovo b' en: ; ie {aM ox od” ist sa 7 2 “lime aid ‘ord. boo VT ame at | a | "4 3 hg | xdead? 29H Yo aetiay. aT, NK OD Heit © to ensem yd aoiise a) on 9 ae 9" is - & tist OL 2st 09 ish ew T oh olla Y galt” 36 A Fourney to the Land of Eden. ok tes flower thus faded, and Recommended the beft Remedy I cou’d think of. After a refrefhment of about an hour, we went on to Colo. Bolling’s, who was fo gracious as to fend us an Invita- tion. As much in hafte as ] was to return to my Family, I fpent an hour or two at that place, but cou’d by no means be perfuaded to ftay Dinner, nor could even Madam de Graffen- riedt’s Smiles on one Side of her Face fhake my Refolution. From thence we proceeded to Colo. Mumford’s, who feem’d to have taken a new Leafe, were any dependence to be upon looks, or any Indulgence allow’d to the Wifhes of his Friends. An honefter Man, a fairer Trader, or a kinder Friend, this Coun- try never produced: God fend any of his Sons may have the Grace to take after him. We tooka running Repaft with this good Man, and then bidding Adieu both to him and Mr, Ban-~ ifter, I mounted once more, and obftinately purfued my Journey home, tho’ the clouds threaten’d, and the Heavens lookt very lowring. I had not paft the Court-houfe before it began to pour down like a Spout upon me. Neverthelefs, I pufht forward with Vigour, and got dripping wet before I could reach Mer- chant’s hope Point. My Boat was there luckily waiting for me, and wafted me fafe over. And the Joy of meeting my Family in Health made me in a Moment forget all the Fatigues of the Journey, as much as if I had been Hufquenawed. However, the good Providence that attended me, and my whole Company, will [ hope ftick faft in my Memory, and make me everlaftingly thankful. A Lift of cur Company of all Sorts. Myfelf, . Thomas Wilfon, Lawfon, Maj’r Mayo, Jofeph Colfon, 3 Indians, Maj’r Mumford, Harry Morris, 3 negroes, Mr. Banifter, Robert Bolling, 20 horfes, Mr. Jones, Thomas Hooper, 4 dogs. —~ SO me te a a RR RE: i Wue> I harmed flad 9 “fo lasw ow word ns aie: Ns -biival ns ay bast o3 es atelbnrg ot aby — E .ylicesL yar 03 tase sin: 1 ll la : od ensom-oa 4d -b‘vao tid: sonlq waky 38 owt 40. rbot -avter ob. mabelt seve bluos ton sand yatt or Bs b ovules yer odsdh so6% ved Yo oie ‘9n0 no aaliend" 3 i are bimsst onfw .2hioimuM caloD o7 bobsov07q ow o5nods ro i, | aogu od 02 songbasqeh yaa siow ead won s nods? syed of sae " ebnoin’l eid Yo aoddkiW ods or bolle somsghibal ys 10 tool seg -nv0) eid boot sebaial'e 10 tober T vote a ne Mi wfsnodnA se ond ovad yam anode eit tw yas bedt bot : beoubowy wy cas | eid? daiw AeqeD grinmet aatoos oW © nid deitw oss sei) “ned wii bas midepadgod web dé . guibbidomant bre cant boog Grwol yn bevihug ylstanifide bus over sone bontom Tash. yiov stool ettoveoH oft baw OW Mm CN 00 by] 5 Sum 212 whit or]. - - 5 of ° OL} a 8 i yo en ae os ee erie £t . t - : - é _ * eae oe ee mee or pees parte se) ae eae, « siftesM. ot s909d1 mort oT ~ = eg shod of stasd mond £ ee a toa} 2*wiod o3 sonod mort £ - = | tere ‘sno( of 900d mord - ae aa ais 1000 bro flit alt ot sonod mort’ fs | _ ~ glo? ong o3 sont inovh bb | cng ods Ww tio 1 baoss® ad? of goned moyd = 5 S | +!) aa ae Yo duo, ort of sono mort - ra . ee ae | dns ano 4-2 odt on soned mov ae ae tar no maCl 91s 03 g9ned3 mor |” a 3 - lege hitt =r Ei 1 yonio.) W-2 wm of gon oo ree adrto WY 33 no roo ym os #p | —— + sheer ; 1 gts mud— PO add 41 $s 8 OL, £ t the Land of Eden. a nn ee An Account of the Diftances of Places. A From thence to Cocquade Creek, - - S From thence to the upper Ford of Hico River, From thence to Jefuit’s Creek, - - = From thence to where the Line cuts Sugar Tree Creek, ~ - ~ - - - From thence to the Mouth of Sugar Tree Creek, From thence to the Mouth of Hico River, - From thence to Wilfon’s Quarter on Tewa- hominy Creek, - - ~ - ~ From thence to the Dan, - - - - From thence acrofs the Fork to the Stanton, From thence to Blue Stone Caftle, - ~ From thence to Sandy Creek, - - - From thence to Mr. Mumford’s Plantation, From thence to Butcher’s Creek, —- - From thence to Allen’s,Creek, - - - From thence to Jofhua Nicholfon’s on Meherin, From thence to Brunfwick Court-houfe, — - From thence to Notoway Bridge, - - - From thence to Sappony Chappel, - ~ From thence to Mr. Banifter’s on Hatcher’s Run, - — - - - - = See From thence to Colo. Bolling’s Plantation, - From thence to Colo. Mumford’s Plantation, From thence to Weftover, - - - PAU Y KY KERR WNT Oa COMO Ge Dewetd a4 ~ eS 5 Miles, NP PNM peal CO COLD In NS USI NN et oe bt Of | pars @ ia en | -_ dina en seen) ne ee ; — ee reer ia a rt a x a wis + (me ul aed A ~~ ra >. } ts J eB 4 ee a eit init a4 wa i ‘7 $ hub ig oor angud x9 ont sh a ron . ponte 1 F | peer Tt sagu WM oft of 909 oli mor? ‘ - vial oll Ye do ony oF soinadds eid co | sua rte sath ie ‘aol We 09 sons ds rove a ee eet eile ae a “don ye 4 oe oe and od? of sorrada ote £ ; MomnEIe oO fy of Set sett etotas sade dedk ive | - - off sani@ ould of osasde mesa f 2 ! pe ‘ s 997, o er o7 epee onted Fal mt 7 e poitereel alt. 2" brotent alt 01 900d) mor oe 2 | » « toot diatom oF aon | ct + ‘9 | me gD winoll Aon somos inert iy Bx. 4: nad eM a ioe rt Ho at auflol orsoneds a . g | om hvod-4 bares? Joiwinest of como movd b, rr - ~ oybit ytwotoU ov sane mort OF | - ~ toc? ynioggs2 of sono? mod erodoreH to 2 ro ftinadl 1M. of sone mort i £t | - - mai stan !, Oiean mee ll : ; @ | - oleetae ra onilteet ,oloD ov'gonset enor T - a 2 | ,moiaguacll e'baolmuM JoloD op sonsds mort i Or | “es. stove We oF oa. | Ayes pet a= } > ae ry A PROGRESS TO THE MINES, In THE YEAR 1732. ONE RR Re Wes“ OR the Pleafure of the good Company of Mrs. Byrd, and 1732 Falls in the Chariot. There we halted, not far from a pur- ling Stream, and upon the Stump of a propagate Oak picket the Bones of a piece of Roaft Beef. By the Spirit which that gave me, J was the better able to part with the dear Conipanions of my Travels, and to perform the reft of my Journey on Horfe- back by myfelf. I reacht Shaccoa’s before 2 a’clock, and croft the River to the Mills. I had the Grief to find them both ftand as itill for the want of Water, as a dead Woman’s Tongue, for want of Breath. It had rain’d fo little for many Weeks above the Falls, that the Naides had hardly Water enough left to wafh their Faces, However, as we ought to turn all our Misfortunes to the beft Advantage, I directed Mr. Booker, my firft Minifter there, to make ufe of the lownefs of the Water for blowing up the Rocks at the Mouth of the Canal. For that purpofe I order’d Tron Drills to be made about 2 foot long, pointed with Steel, Chizzel fafhion, in order to make holes, into which we put our Cartridges of Powder, containing each about 3 Ounces. There wanted Skill among my Engineers to chufe the beft parts of the Stone for boring, that we might blow to the moft advantage. They made all their Holes quite perpendicu- lar, whereas they fhould have humour’d the Grain of the Stone G? Pf ‘ : ‘ her little Governuor, my Son, I went about half way tothe Sep t.18 ed + ee en Beers tes =. x. ews ee A ong ' > =~» Saami ¢ er 1 bas beyft ni to ila’ Locy dite nit ab HOF r % ia odio} yew tied sods mgr 1 M08 (6m ¢ soisters ro) obi vet yn" Hey & engl 161 108 dbotied ow sid F "teat" si ni aleT ~~ ont todajq agO ohepageng 2 io even, oe angu piighil ve 7 ove surly doirtw diy@ oda yal ool Rea S Yo soaiq ® Ye eonoll i lo enoinsgenoD rash oad dsiw 17169 1 ot aide med ad9 exw I om “iol se yorwel, yor to dex oct emdixag ot bas (lays ‘rials ‘Tio bys aloolo's ¢ geted e‘nospalé alonon | Asdym. yd ond diod moda bak 0 tsi odd bee LD * alli. ody od asvil. sido sped unneT a ‘nemo W hao « 2c 18 W te win ody 10) Tift es bah ? zloo W ynsm ict slsil dt binier bed al .desorfl Yo. tmgiw 30 ay: dts! dgrons 1998. vibsad bed zobin hl oa wutla, lle'L, oda, avods ‘ 10 Hs aut ot tdguo ow en psvewoH © e098 -yisds diawiod ym i900 AM bofsedh I egstasvhA fied ods 03 eonundleiM ras V¥ silt to Aoawol edt to dy salem 02 .ot9d2 aoftiniM Shit seri 205 “lansD ada to dayoli odi 38 woot adi qu gniwold vot cgnol toot s juods obam od os ella nok bYsbie-T Soqugq. oii .2slod salsor 03 whi ni noida basi pla diive besniog i § tuods dans SAIN EINOD ral ranch. de sD suo tq ow doittw oifs Stud2.o3. zvonigndl yn. snore thi bomnew ood T oe “son / oft 9 wold, rdgint ow yeds” yr , 9032 oes — uaidneqrsq ssinp eoloH sigd? te sbacm dT ye cubs ; anese oils * niet) od. nee Soa ge 219 z eee ara 1732 ept. Nee me 42 AA Progrefs to the Mines. for the more effectual Execution. I order’d the points of the Drills to be made Chizzel way, rather than the Diamond, that they might need to be Seldomer repair’d, tho’ in Stone the Dia- mond points would make the moft defpatch. The Water now flow’d out of the River fo flowly, that the Miller was oblig’d to pond it up in the Canal, by fetting open the Flood-gates at the Mouth, and fhutting thofe clofe at the Mill. By this contri- vance, he was able at any time to grind two or three Buthels, either for his choice Cuftomers, or for the ufe of my Plantations. Then I walkt to the place where they broke the Flax, which is wrought with much greater eafe than the Hemp, and is much better for Spinning. From thence I paid a Vifit to the Weaver, who needed a little of Minerva’s Infpiration to make the moft of a piece of fine Cloth. Then I lookt in upon my Caledonian Spinfter, who was mended more in her looks than in her Hu- mour, However, fhe promifed much, tho’ at the fame time intended to perform little. She is too high-Spirited for Mr. Booker, who hates to have his fweet Temper ruffled, and will rather fuffer matters to go a little wrong fometimes, than give his righteous Spirit any uneafinefs. He is very honeft, and would make an admirable Overfeer where Servants will do as they are bid. But Eye-Servants, who want abundance of over- . looking, are not fo proper to be committed to his Care. ‘I found myfelf out of order, and for that reafon retir’d Early; yet with all this precaution had a gentle feaver in the Night, but towards morning Nature fat open all her Gates, and drove it out in a plentiful perfpiration. 19 The worft of this feaver was, that it put me to the Neceflity of taking another Ounce of Bark. I moiften’d every dofe with a little Brandy, and fill’d the Glafs up with Water, which is the leaft Naufeous way of taking this Popifh Medicine, and befides hinders it from Purging. After I had fwallow’d a few Poacht Eggs, we rode down to the Mouth of the Canal, and from -aiCl sy ono ni “ode won 26W sdT .dosedigh ee val oalartt Biuow 0 b‘gildo enw wolliM ods ues ylwolk 4 arty 1s e22eg-booll si) Keqe Sie ni qu 3i ba 4 “tines eid) y= TM. oly 38 Sols Sods gov bas uo @lodw oo1d) 10 ows, brig os aanit yr) 26 olde ew od oomey, ecousineld yon to She oils 14 10 2I9MORBO s2i0d> aid wi tdsis ai doulw .xetl off saload yads s12dw oo of) of dallew TndtTy a4 dour, ef bite equa HH’ of med) sted 49 - doen dive rdguorw stoves W od? 07 211i V w blag T sarod 1 .gainniq2 rt ywed | ftom od? salam ov moitatifin? e'sy: onde to. oinsil # bobaomedve - asinobalx? yo toqu ab tlool f asd T- “thal. onit Yo a29iq #00 |. “UL worl oi med? edlool wad ni v1OM bobaem eaw ow: 1shhaige omis. seat oft tw ‘oily ares bslimeng sift ovewoH wom — AM ast bothiqésfoid oor @ odZ olstit aiotiog oF habnotai iw bas .boliur ioqges'T raw aid syed o wosei ondve gradool ovig neds zomisomol gaoiw olnil s o9 ot argiinm saftut : rede | 3 bas dloned yey ef sH ” @enilssau yne dhig2 euoosdgia, aid en ob fliw etiavied siodw weievO oldarimbs as Agen bluew “370 lo sonabouds wae ollw tinevin-oyd. wi bid ous yor | wr 7) bnuct I> 9180 eid’ 09 boitiawnos 4d 01 T9go1y ot non ans ina diiw toy ¢ yb b*riter mdvat ser tol bra gnbio e, ive aes ® ebiewe 10d whgil oes mi aves Shindy, g ‘bad nOidu £ : & ci IM H Svorb bas Gianna te | ool anonte a yiso0Vf oda of ort dug of dhdd jen evKa z lb 0 | daiw Rob wove btasiony hint to oon | ods 2: doidw ota W diiw qu aed) ody ‘bill a exbiled bas ,nisibeM digo eins ae Woy Le ifos0d wht & biwollew) bad I eHA | moit bag lene 2d? to didobt sily os web » A Progrefs to the Mines. 43 thence croft over to the broad Rock Ifland ina Canoe. Our 1732 errand was to view fome Iron Ore, which we dug up in two Sept. places. That on the Surface feem’d very fpongy and poor, which gave us no great Encouragement to fearch deeper, nor did the Quantity appear to be very great. However, for my greater Satisfattion, J order’d a hand to dig there for fome time this Winter. We walkt from one End of the Ifland to the other, being about half a Mile in length, and found the Soil very good, and too high forany Flood, lefs than that of Deuca- lion, to do the leaft damage. ‘There is a very wild profpect both upward and downward, the River being full of Rocks, over which the Stream tumbled with a Murmur, loud enough to drown the Notes of a Scolding Wife. This Ifland would make an agreeable Hermitage for any good Chriftian, who had a mind to retire from the World. Mr. Booker told me how Dr. Ireton had cured him once of a Loofenefs, which had been upon him two whole years. He order’d Him a Dofe of Rhubarb, with directions to take 25 Drops of Laudanum fo Soon as he had had 2 Phyfical Stools. ‘Then he refted one day, and the next order’d him another Dofe of the fame Quantity of Lauda- num to be taken, alfo after the 2d Stool. When this was done, he finifht the Cure by giving him 20 drops of Laudanum every night for five Nights running. The Doétor infifted upon the neceflity of Stopping the Operation of the Rhubarb before it workt quite off, that what remained behind might ftrengthen the Bowels. I was punctual in Swallowing my Bark, and that I might ufe exercife upon it, rode to Prince’s Folly, and my Lord’s Ifands, where I faw very fine Corn. In the mean time Vulcan came in Order to make the Drills for boring the Rocks, And gave me his Parole he wou’d, by the grace of God, attend the works till they were finitht, which he perform’d as lamely as if he had been to labour for a dead Horfe, and not for ready Money. I made a North Carolina Dinner upon Frefh ~ E> ae x1 sett wO .sonsD 4 ” 3qae j _ Beqiorg bliw yor s ai sodT ” solem bluow bawll aid'T SW gaiblos2 a to eno of nwotb 1 ands has dane WO : yer. baw lot eat ot obor a t odd, oninod 1 ellie avis salen. 0 96x10 , sins. cle sa ron graqoab tna qtr 10} govswoH oeaia arnol rot sadly sg or bisa E noi of of baeftl, oft Yo bat oak rue se ove lio® ods bawet bas ,aitgnal af SGM Yad Bae’ -1uoC Yo rd) agdi del -booll yas 20% | 220K Yo Ut gaied wyist ot: sbuawavwob bre bitwqu diod o? dguone buol wer « dbiw boldins masie di doidw ive briot s bad osly ennidbiad boog as yo ogevienoH aideoongs. G8. yo aL wod on blot wal0col aM .bhoW Sar moi sii op © aequ oooed. bad doidye @onsiool to sono rid boind Bet nosoil ? ern isdudA to AoC a mil biebw oH .2sy slodW ows mith od 26 aooe o) munsbumt to aqor ge set of andor diiw oi bas .ysh ono bolts: ad nodT lelooi2 Ina 's bad bed . ~ibutl Yo yin ances ont to so sod3ons mind b* aby nob zaw eid? nod VWF loose be oil wits Ms casas ol mun Yieve, mucha t Yo eqoxb os nid: gaivig yd ow of alt mnogu. bodbiui. soot aT gains dg 4i stoted dindwd ST ody Yo aoiterq® ‘dt gniq ) ilaoon. adi sadigacth idgien baidad ee ieilw se hes stom. | neon odd al aI) anit yxoy, wal To: dw 2 ; Wo sony oth wd aw al alone il it mig lA loos : h'enctiog od doietye | init oxow yoda id 2 oy aie bod _ _ 200 bas shoH, ad wi ae | et ( a 44 A Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 pork, tho’ we had a plate of Green Peas after it, by way of Sept. Defert, for the Safety of our Nofes. “Phen my firft Minifter "ENiov and I had fome ferious Converfation about my Affairs, and I find nothing difturb’d his peaceable Spirit fo much as the mifbe- haviour of the Spinfter above-mention’d. I told him I cou’d not pity a Man, who had it always in his Power to do himfelf and her Juftice, and wou’d not. If fhe were a Drunkard, a scold, a Thief, or a Slanderer, we had wholefome Laws, that would make her Back Smart for the diverfion of her other Members, and twas his Fault he had not put thofe whole- fome Severitys in Execution. I retired in decent time to my own Apartment, and Slept very comfortably upon my Bark, forgetting all the little croffes arifing from Overfeers and ne- Oroes. 20 I continued the Bark, and then toft down my Poacht Eggs, _ with as much eafe as fome good Breeders Slip Children into the World. About Nine I left the Prudenteft Orders I could think of with my Vifier, & then croft the River to Shaccoe’s. I made a running Vifit to 3 of my Quarters, where, befides finding all the People well, I had the Pleafure to fee better Crops than ufual both of Corn and Tobacco. I parted there with my In- tendant, and purfued my Journey to Mr. Randolph’s, at Tuck- ahoe, without meeting with any Adventure by the way. Here I found Mrs. Fleming, who was packing up her Baggage with defign to follow her Hufband the next day, who was gone to a new Settlement in Goochland. Both he and She have been about Seaven Years perfuading themfelves to remove to that retired part of the Country, tho’ they had the two ftrong Argu- ments of Health and Intereft for fo doing. The Widow {miled gracioufly upon me, and entertain’d me very handfomely. Here T learnt all the tragical Story of her Daughter’s humble Mar- riage with her Uncle’s Overfeer. Befides the meannefs of this mortal’s Afpeét, the Man has not one vifible Qualification, id sul ai onc ieoh ial hin fi yn ped’ P ah ls T brs zie A yn palin ~odticn osha en tlowent: m repre b‘vos L enit blor Dow Amit ob of towod eit Fe sal prions easy ) s budmn «2 osw om UW ioc Wied es “esti al na ee ist? wel ordololotw hed. ow cobasle # JoidT & blood aaa iio iw Yo nofievibh alr weit rem ‘foetl tofl. sds bluow > ove -olodw Sturt suq som bed of shoe’ ald ewe bas? aad 908 yin ot amid shooeb at inion I \aoltiosetat epievse saat" % me ais yn noqu yidendtems yuv sqol2 aia drominq A nwo" ~on , bas mara mot ee ever — = ils grivograt ae we 2994 siosol ym Soul Ror awe bing - sit pele ae: “i ont osninesblidD qld: aboot ‘boon sol en Seo dowstt ee iiw Anids blaoo | wpbiO Aerishwt Ved: tol Poni wodk how obama A a‘v0a9ed2 02 revi ods Ror mole Bw ashi yen tiw to" — lie gnibar 2ebited) sxothw eon yin Yo _onswniv grins). ae as Py neds eqoiD rsn9d sshor saittnolt oft Bad T lowealqost sagt 9 -al ym diiw sedis benny FE oooedo'T bin’ ntoD Yo ‘diod ’ ‘Teultt ue. ee -Jou'F 3s 2‘dqlobasA all ot qoowol, yer bata bite Ja bets ] | oot aw ode yd: owiagvbA yeus ebsiw quitooen yuodstiw ,so1 “—r diiw opaque tod qu _—— aaw odw spi oa naed sved sl2 Mitte ook) doofl » alst9@ waa tery oy avomsi of eovishnadd qaitsadbise) “a 1392 Sor P.' -ugiA. gro ows oft bet jad Sovts ecanuad oils wine nie Lofind wobiW of. sgniob eto) Rowiel baw Ales % em’ re | 23H .ylomolbned 20" sat biuisases. ba ome foqu yuo | aie ins -tel oldmmad aSvodgueCl aed Vo yrs testgnrd ony Mh ¢ zica Yo dtomemsi’ ors easly TOIT Oi by roe off roitsonifawQ sidiiv' ene, ton akin A Progrefs to the Mines. 45 except Impudence, to recommend him to a Female’s Inclina- tions. But there is fometimes fuch a Charm in that Hibernian I-endowment, that frail Woman cant withftand it, tho’ it ftand alone without any other Recommendation. Had fhe run away with a Gentleman or a pretty Fellow, there might have been fome Excufe fur her, tho’ he were of inferior Fortune: but to ftoop .to a dirty Plebeian, without any kind of merit, is the loweft Proftitution. I found the Family juftly enraged at it; and tho’ I had more good Nature than to join in her Condem- nation, yet I cou’d devife no Excufe for fo fencelefs a Prank as this young Gentlewoman had play’d. Here good Drink was more Scarce than good Vidtuals, the Family being reduc’d to the laft Bottle of Wine, which was therefore hufbanded very carefully. But the Water was excellent. The Heir of the Family did not come home till late in the Evening. He is a pretty Young Man, but had the misfortune to become his own mafter too foon. Vhis puts young Fellows upon wrong pur- fuits, before they have Sence to Judge rightly for themfelves. Tho’ at the fame time they have a ftrange conceit of their own Suffiency, when they grow near 20 Years old, efpecially if they happen to have a fmall Smattering of Learning. ‘Tis then they fancy themfelvyes wifer than all their Tutors and Governors, which makes them headftrong to all advice, and above all Reproof and Admonition. I was forry in the morning to find myfelf ftopt in my Career by bad Weather brought upon us by a North-Eaft Wind. This drives a World of Raw unkindly Vapours upon us from New- foundland, loaden with Blite, Coughs, and Pleurifys. However, I complain’d not, left I might be fufpeéted to be tir’d of the good Company. Tho’ Mrs. Fleming was not fo much upon her Guard, but mutiny’d ftrongly at the Rain, that hinder’d her from purfuing her dear Hufband. I faid what I cou’d to com- fort a Gentlewoman under fo fad a Difappointment. I told her 1732 Sept. ene “Sete 72 ahead sudd “thi eevee ah we mot av nogu emoqe¥ ylbnidad wall Ao bhoW ® evith ymyowoH .aythwell bas 2dgueD pla dsivw aabspt -baclbrudt foqe dour ohson ew gaimeld ehh SolT gy tod bios I AIR aia isbrus 2 bouber gnidd ylime Tl ods elooiV boog asd soxmoe som ‘wg grow neque ewellod yasoy eieq eid TP .cio0) oot aoflem a “ea shy -anifonl e‘slars D2 ob onnid be basdt si ‘ods at bimaiiitiiiw 2me> amen) yews no7 oft beh etl sahareiallahoes nsod oved tdginn sods ~wollel yieeaq in 10 o? dud ronnie xcivsini to omer edd ‘od, pod Ea ae of) ai inom Qo bnid yuna tuodtiw .nsisdold ynib os qook — bee (7 ye bogeins ylitu; ylimst ode bawei 1 inoisiforl Mowol 7 -mobnoD yer ninio, 02 ned? sumeVE boog siom bed Los bag 2c olnerl s deloonst ¢) 10h thew oa stiveh bios... 29y .nolten esw Aan! boog vel .b‘yelq bad nsmowsliaeD gauoy vids ov hebcisdked quater: zaw doidw yoniW Yo sloth, Del ody, oft Io xioH oT .snollooxo gow aeaeW sir sll, Ulitao s.@t off .grinowl rly ni otal: {iF omod. omoo.sont bib ytine’l nwo 2id. osmosed ohmuotzicn ods, bed.aud ns gauo'Y yiio1qg 7 sovisimads sot yladgia ogbyl or eoned ovad yore guoled aan nwo 190) to iisoneo egaerh © overd yods omiz omst oni te ‘odT . ona Ti yietoogte blo ame Y os wean worg yod? aorlw yyaasiiue d yada aods 2iT .gniganad to gnitssiemé [lems ova ot nsqqat, — zrervel has mosw'D sods lis mas, rotiw zovistareds yonst ae lis ovede bas yotvbe LHe of anealtha odds aodam- doidw saat single ahead indi aod seca sik genes a eid TD: bai We Redl-dinoK syd Pantera mien Cee rh. side Sty sibaail bofSaqlit ad aitgim 1 fist yom binitilgmos T tod boobaid sme unieA ort 36 ylyaordt b* -moo 03 b'voo Diadw bi T baatwH a 1732 Sept. 46 MA Progrefs to the Mines. a Hufband, that ftaid fo much at Home as her’s did, cou’d be no fuch violent Rarity, as for a Woman to venture her precious Health, to go daggling thro’ the Rain after him, or to be mifera- ble if fhe happen’d to be prevented. That it was prudent for marry’d people to faft Sometimes from one another, that they might come together again with the better Stomach. That the beft things in this World, if conftantly uf’d, are apt to be cloying, which a little abfence and Abftinence wou’d prevent. This was Strange Dodtrine to a fond Female, who fancys Peo- ple fhou’d love with as little Reafon after Marriage as before. In the Afternoon Monfieur Marij, the Minifter of the Parith, came to make mea Vifit. He had been a Romifh Prieft, but found Reafons, either Spiritual or temporal, to quit that gay Religion, The fault of this new Convert is, that he looks for as much Refpect from his Proteftant Flock, as is paid to the Popifh Clergy, which our ill-bred Hugonots dont underftand. Madam Marj, had fo much Curiofity as to want to come too; but another Herfe was wanting, and fhe believ’d it would have too Vulgar an Air to ride behind her Hufband. This Woman was of the true Exchange Breed, full of Difcourfe, but void of Difcretion, and marry’d a Parfon, with the Idle hopes he might fome time or other come to be his Grace of Canterbury. The Gray Mare is the better Horfe in that Family, and the poor man Submits to her wild Vagarys for Peace’ Sake. She has juft enough of the fine Lady, to run in debt, and be of no fignification in her Houfehold. And the only thing that can prevent her from undoing her loving Hufband will be, that nobody will truft them beyond the 16000,* which is foon run out ina Goochland ftore. The way of Dealing there is, for fome fmall Merchant or Pedler to buy a Scots Pennyworth of * Sixteen thoufand Pounds of Tobacco was the legal ue of a Min- ifter.—-E. on 9d b‘uo2 bib ated. 2 omoEF: ewoineig iad s1uInsy ed yueto Ws 10 : “st2itn, od 0310 oie sotteatio dD ons ‘onda eliaih ah 1 Inohing 2ey. ot ged TT . sbosoverq od ot Binoygad sth yo seds iedtons smo) mn aactisorne® Mia ot ofl isd T.. coger? roasted orl daiw: ; od o} qe 916 .b WwW yiiaedinoe 1 bho We | Jnsveig b'uow vansnidA bus sonstda ‘aipil « er: -09T ayonal orl slammed backs of sttivBoC oyna] ; | voted ag ageialyl rofts acteo A algal we daiw ovob Sula oka ‘; ‘Mine ods. to safe off jneM quelgeM nconehA adr al “2. wd fond diol a nsed bed oH. gf 5 om odtere oF Senge!” “"z vag ails tiyp ot ylaroqeass20 lawditigd wedaio ance A brudt im, a 101 eslool ad dads ,2i tievaoD wan aidd Yo’ dosh of T noigite bs s a (> of? 03 bieg ai en doolT mefiasorl eld) met Se doaiem we" it ae ! .bisfisbas snob eenegull boidi que doidwe : E. | ; 003 2mn@o Of Ingw Od ea MohyO dowand bal ie ‘ oved bluaw-2i b'voilod edb bre pnimew eow dH wiioal ded | nemoW zdT boadiwkh sed braided shiver aA nin aagly'V oot | to biov aud ,shwooti(] Yo Mut bert sgandoxdl | suit sit Yo enw adgien ond gogo olbl ods daiw) ndlse'dl 9 bine bak inoi i ofT _.qiudyeaa@O) to aout aid od ut exmeainadio 10 sei oem Views a ro0g oft bas plied pads ni ShoH wonsd oid a oe yt we, ae aed od& .saet ‘sosod tol eyuageV bliw xed ot eigdee Hem ot "= on to od. bas. gideb: ai) nwt on boa Erte ret A. cea nso sadoi gaida ylao' SH) baat tor ni ane Men) ee toda 9d, [iw handball, gaivol sod “giochi: tot Ni insvoiq nur nodt,2i dotilw *ooodit’ dxf secant taalllasiie tt oe “ybodon” 10 21 gids gnileol! lo yew oT » 108 baslds00® a ae 4 to Sistine n028 & hen a anes ‘ns piloys | ~ciM +e oi i a hae oT baal Ae ere a Ree Fh eae & A Progrefs to the Mines. 47 Goods, and clap 150 p cent. upon that. Atthis Rate the Parfon cant be paid much more for his preaching than tis worth. No fooner was our Vifiter retired, but the facetious Widow was fo kind as to let me into all this Secret Hiftory, but was at the fame time exceedingly Sorry that the Woman fhould be fo indifereet, and the man fo tame as to be govern’d by an unprofit- able and fantaftical Wife. We had another wet day, to try both Mrs. Fleming’s Patience and my good Breeding. The N E Wind commonly fticks by us 3 or 4 days, filling the Atmofphere with damps, injurious 1732 Sept. 22 both to man and Beaft. The worft of it was, we had no good © Liquor to warm our Blood, and fortify our Spirits againft fo {trong a Malignity. However, I was cheerful under all thefe Misfortunes, and expreft no Concern but a decent Fear left my long vilit might be troublefome. Since I was like to have thus much Leizure, I endeavour’d to find out what Subje& a dull marry’d man cou’d introduce that might beft bring the Widow to the Ufe of her Tongue. At length I difcover’d fhe was a notable Quack, and therefore paid that regard to her Knowledge, as to put fome Quettions to her about the bad diftemper that raged then in the Country. I mean the Bloody Flux, that was brought us in the Negro-fhip configned to Colo. Braxton. She told me fhe made ufe of very Simple remedys in that Cafe, with very good Succefs. She did the Bufinefs either with Hartfhorn Drink, that had Plantain Leaves boil’d in it, or elfe with a Strong decoction of St. Andrew’s Crofs, in New milk inftead of Water. I agreed with her that thofe remedys might be very good, but would be more effectual after a dofe or two of Indian Phyfick. But for fear this Converfation might be too grave for a Widow, I turn'’d the difcourfe, and began to talk of Plays, & finding her Tafte lay moft towards Comedy, I offer’d my Service to read one to Her, which the kindly accepted. She produced the 2d part of the Beggar’s Opera, which had diverted the Town for sett ae 104 ee OY dndw H #3 gnidoes ony zi - $dy te exw dod phan £s - boag on bart ow ew if Yo MOUBATT © Stee bre niviti 02 diod yar fislase dnisseb a 4nd nts3n60 on Sto1qxs ‘brit zsnunctaiM guts over-os soll eew T sonid vemnBlelduoi od ifgien iv gool ~ g aaw oft bMavosth T dygesl FAY ogre TD 49d Yo HU od? 02 — _ dodydl nsibel %6 ows 10 Stob eae inuBshe soared bluow pnowe 6 diw sils to 1 at bYiod eovend alnsnigh bad tet ao aryat bie St sity ved TIP uO. cl od" bhibdl or ed tibsoo% — nis ™ eo od elites 3 a Mh ae at Law h i consi s*gninnelt 2M dood ye @ pysd sso tanga aA yd adoift yinommes bai W aM aT ‘sansa at era eunimiot zqeanb diiw visrle . ody gall ee fro | FF eo A fnisge etttiqa avo vinot bie boolfl ‘wo ‘nrisw or roupil Stodt His whew ttiesds eaw' TD avewoH ytiagieM: snot lub « Bojdo2 tedw wo bat or bbornsbas T sieeiel dove wobiW otis galid ed rdaim If? Sovbount b‘uos* nam b'ynem oybolworA tod 07 bingox 2e¢9 bing ‘sioterord? bag oloswQ sldstom ie wymofib hed ods twods tad of enoifievQ smiol Wiq o} ae exw redt xult bool edt asso T! bined ‘od? ni nods hoger od2 norxmtl .ofoD 09 banyittos qirlt- f odd aed sdguord a div dteO andy ini ayboms alqmni® yrov'to area om blot mosdtmsH dviw ratio dtonttv ody bib sd esons@sboog Yow : cro W Yo bsofiai Him Wen hi gore : nud .boog (aov ad rdgiar eybscrsy slots ands “rach dsive booty 1 ewobiW & wi avaitg' oot sd selging-nivinstiovadD po she aod gaibat & evel Yo Alay of teged! bys ib bast 2 solved yen bisfo 1 exboatoD ebuewad fe be -sds bsowvbowp od@ ob | wt aweT ods borisvib bad dsidw grnsqQy ‘eggoth x 48 “A Progre/s to the Mines. 1732 40 Nights fucceflively, and gain’d four thoufand pounds to the - Sept. Author. This was not owing altogether to the Wit or Humour that Sparkled in it, but to fome Political RefleGtions, that feem’d to hit the Miniftry. But the great Advantage of the Author was, that his Intereft was folicited by the Dutchefs of Queenf- bury, which no man could refufe who had but half an Eye in his head, or half a Guinea in his Pocket. Her Grace, like Death, fpared nobody, but even took my Lord Selkirk in for 2 Guineas, to repair which Extravagance he liv’d upon Scots Herrings 2 Months afterwards. But the beft Story was, fhe made a very Smart Officer in his Majefty’s Guards give her a Guinea, who Swearing at the fame time twas all he had in the World, fhe fent him 50 for it the next day, to reward his Obe- dience. After having acquainted my Company with the Hiftory of the Play, I read 3 Ads of it, and left Mrs. Fleming and Mr. Randolph to finifh it, who read as well as moft A&tors do at a Rehearfal. ‘Thus we kill’d the time, and triumpht over the bad Weather. 23 The Clouds continued to drive from the N-Eft, and to menace us with more Rain. But as the Lady refolved to venture thro’ it, I thought it a Shame for me to venture to flinch. Therefore, aiter fortifying myfelf with 2 capacious Difhes of Coffee, and making my Complements to the Ladyes, I mounted, and Mr. Randolph was fo kind as to be my Guide. At the diftance of about 3 Miles, ina Path as narrow as that which leads to Heaven, but much more dirty, we reacht the homely dwelling of the Reverend Mr. Marij. His Land is much more barren than his Wife, and needs all Mr, Bradley’s Skill in Agriculture to make it bring Corn. Thence we pro- ceeded five Miles farther, toa Mill of Mr. Randolph’s, that is apt to ftand ftill when there falls but little Rain, and to be carry’d away when there falls a great deal. Then we purfued avery blind Path 4 Miles farther, which puzzled my Guide, oils 09 abruog bastuods , wot H ao 1 W ods ona i? W gu ow 7a Bsn58) secs, enol oes Me a ed nk idl a ey ae wens p> io agra Sie Yo rere a -ins9uQ Yo dtedowl oda yd bovisilel gew Aerstal. 2 4 va ni oyd oe Veil aud bed ow dior bleos nse on doidye gpued oil »mO 2H tedsot eid ai sont) «© Mad 10 - ani ei 2009 ,2'dglobasd wi, to Hilts of podiagt aoliM. eva babspa re ae i od o3 bane ,nied alssil wad ellst oredy moder Ich hash pages “ee ; baritiug ow nod T lesb sessg # ella ord modw. genes cre 3 : shin sta. heaen doidw, eigdaae oh. el OR tenes i PS jog ia A Progrefs to the Mines. 49 who I fufpe& led me out of the way. At length we came into 1732 a great Road, where he took Jeave, after giving me fome very Sept. confuf’d Direétions, and fo left me to blunder out the reft of the Journey by myfelf. I loft myfelf more than once, but foon recoverd the right way again. About 3 Miles after quitting my Guide, I paffed the 5 Branch of Pomunky River, near 50 Yards over, and full of Stones. After this, I had 8 Miles to Mr. Chifwell’s, where I arriv’d about 2 a’Clock, and fav’d my Dinner. I was very handfomely entertain’d, finding every thing very clean, and very Good. I had not feen Mrs, Chifwell in 24 Years, which, alas! had made great Havoc with her pretty Face, and plow’d very deep Furrows in her fair Skin. It was impoflible to know her again, fo much the flower was faded. However, tho’ fhe was grown an Old Woman, yet fhe was one of thofe abfolute Rarities, a very good old Woman. I found Mr. Chifwell a fenfible, well-bred Man, and very frank in com- municating his knowledge in the Myftery of making Iron, wherein he has had long Experience. I told him I was come to Spy the Land, and inform myfelf of the Expence of carrying on an Iron work with Effet. That I fought my Inftruction from Him, who underftood the whole Myftery, having gain’d full Experience in every part of it; Only I was very forry he had bought that Experience fo dear. He anfwer’d that he would, with great Sincerity, let me into the little knowledge he had, and fo we immediately entered upon the Bufinefs. He allured me the firft ftep I was to take was to acquaint myfelf fully with the Quantity and Quality of my Oar. For that reafon I ought to keep a good Pick-ax Man at work a whole Year to fearch if there be a Sufficient Quantity, without which it would bea very rafh undertaking. That I fhou’d alfo have a Skilful perfon to try the richnefs of the oar. Nor is it great Advantage to have it exceeding rich, becaufe then it will yield Brittle Iron, which is not valuable. But the way to have it Ls a pe i roto Nor'sdi tho baud: ie ptt | ‘orad> uew I mid blost sonsineqxd gnol bad asd ad ntisvodw ‘uniyriss to sonsqxll adh YO Yistyen srotai bins buat onlt yq@ of ; on + oybalwond ofl odt omi ‘om tol euiroania es SH .apallwd oda noqu bores yloisibom S hbiy Hiw at nod’ Slunoed bin gaibooons ii iti anai yiey bask alt bowd-ow sldiast & Howtid .M. fol gntism Yo qiyhs off ai ipdbatwred “eit gniseoinum noihurial ym idgudt Dad T 8A chiw show neal 1 ng no b'niey goived ans stodw oils booftisbay ‘id cuit mon ey Wt) yis¥ caw I yl i to rig wove _ . od ted? BYiowins oH “ob a sonsiisqxd ; 1% ow ob aed tshyir Inisupse oF eaw oda o} eaw .§ qait tht ‘ody oon bowills « mls i011 1eO yin Yo yilavQ bas yitaand head get slolw & atow wn okM xe-atoiT bog. a qod oF Hoivw atorliwe Sine) msioittad & Dt a oved oll b‘vodt LiedT gai . \ ida mserg ai eto” Bd sit) to ‘aondot ‘ode a petted oe ae i ii avail’ o) yew odi awl woldeulsy 260 a 50 “A Progrefs to the Mines. ¥732 tough is to mix poor Oar and Rich together, which makes the Sept. poorer fort extremely neceflary for the production of the beft Iron. Then he fhew’d me a Sample of the Richeft Oar they have in England, which yields a full Moiety of Iron. It was of a Pale red Colour, fmooth and greafy, and not exceedingly heavy ; but it produced fo brittle a Metal, that they were oblig’d to melt a poorer Oar along with it. He told me, after I was certain my Oar was good and plentiful enough, my next inquiry ought to be, how far it lyes from a Stream proper to build a furnace upon, and again what diftance that Furnace will be from Water Carriage; Becaufe the Charge of Carting a great way is very heavy, and eats out a great part of the Profit. That this was the Misfortune of the Mines of Frederickfville, where they were oblig’d to Cart the Oar a Mile to the Furnace, and after twas run into Iron, to carry that 24 Miles, over an uneven Road to Rappahannock River, about a Mile below Frederick# burgh, to a Plantation the Company rented of Colo. Page. If I were fatisfy’d with the Situation, I was in the next place to confider whether J had Woodland enough near the Furnace to Supply it with Charcoal, whereof it wou’d require a prodigious Quantity. That the propereft Wood for that purpofe was that of Oyly kind, fuch as Pine, Walnut, Hiccory, Oak, and in . fhort all that yields Cones, Nuts, or Acorns. That 2 Miles Square of Wood, wou’d fupply a Moderate furnace; fo that what you fell firft may have time to grow up again to a proper bignefS (which muft be 4 Inches over) by that time the reft is cut down. He told me farther, that 120 Slaves, including Women, were neceflary to carry on all the Bufinefs of an Iron Work, and the more Virginians amongft them the better ; Tho’ in that number he comprehended Carters, Colliers, and thofe that planted the Corn. hat if there fhould be much Carting, it would require 1600 Barrels of Corn Yearly to Support the People, & the Cattle employ’d; nor dos even that Quantity ut yoils OO edsiAl pik anw tL. norl Ao cio Hat's zblsiy. . yignibseoxs Jon bua gieerg bar nelle b' uildto sisw yond tedtfersM # olssinda caw Lotsits, 50 big ofl . shbiw: gee lip s3conn aeoM igen itil bar Boog am s bliud of yqoTg) mine |e mot oul sine word: od 03 sdguoe att enott oe iw sonqiul tede oseeitib 6 iv 7 if yew to7g & gnitieD te sguedD ode dunsell jogninieD. WT a isd T. orl ott Yoteg te0rg a ou ete bem pret ears i ootve sllividsinsbeT Yo earl ody to SouritziM. onl caw aida a bre poecwl steer iM r sO. oda Oh enb'giide sia, yoy | novonu ns tovo ol! ps aeda price of ror) omni an gews tee |) shrsbeit woled oliM a dweds ovill deonntdaqqed or hwo , T aged loD to bonrsy yasqnoD od? nolternalT Pay Ao 0) a2alq txonm oily nt saw t , oles oe? dsiw b*vlaisa sow Tt o} sowed od? i590 dgtions linslbooW bad 1 tudioder wbRaes eworgiborg # saiypaa b*wow # hooredw Lacarnd) cltiw oi lgqua. sds enw Sloquiq sada xt Row W Rorqory old ded T * pane? i bos JsO possi: saaleW .sniD en thal baidiyik@ Yo 2oliM-¢ tedT cenxeo A to ww ono» eblety’ snidt se’ odd i 1atly Gl ;sosmwt stevboll & ylqqul b'uow (boo Wi As. 12qo7g # 02 Hinge quworg. ep omiz ovad gam paprreton ined hed % Py Hor oy omy erage besatzcia | } ong) tlhe 2 et Slods ‘brs: -rilloD mpi: lehasdao oft sodenae 3 mehr i? nt nite dsuen ad: cblvod: sede aT maf ‘i; orn ; 5 is le : ; only moqqu® ‘or yisneY 109) Yo elorall code 5 Vinal sede ngve eb TOR i b'yolqass shsD of “A Progrefs to the Mines. ea fuffice at Frederickfville. ‘That if all thefe Circumftances fhou’d happily concur, and you cou’d procure honeft Colliers and Firemen, which will be difficult to do, you may eafily run 800 Tuns of Sow Iron a Year. The whole charge of Freight, Cuftom, Commiffion, and other Expences in England, will not exceed 30 Shillings a Tun, and twill commonly fell for £6, and then the clear profit will amount to £4,, 10. So that allowing the ten Shillings for Accidents, you may reafonably expect a clear Profit of £4, which being multiply’d by 800, will amount to £3200 a year, to pay you for your Land and Negroes. But then it behooved me to be fully inform’d of the whole Matter myfelf, to prevent being impofed upon; and if any offer’d to put tricks upon me, to punifh them as they deferve. Thus ended our Converfation for this day, and I retir’d to a very clean Lodging in another Houfe, and took my Bark, but was forced to take it in Water, by reafona light finger’d Damfel had ranfackt my Baggage, and drunk up my Brandy. This unhappy Girl, it feems, is a Baronet’s Daughter ; but her Com- plexion, being red hair’d, inclin’d her fo much to Lewdnefs, that her Father fent her, under the Care of the virtuous Mr. Cheep, to feek her fortune on this Side the Globe. My Friend, Mr. Chifwell, made me reparation for the Rob- bery of his Servant, by filling my Bottle again with good Brandy. It being Sunday, I made a Motion for going to Church, to fee the growth of the Parifh, but unluckily the Sermon happen’d to be at the Chappel, which was too far off. 1 was unwilling to tire my Friend with any farther difcourfe upon Iron, and therefore turn’d the Converfation to other Subjects. And talking of Management, he let me into 2 Secrets worth remembering. He faid the quickeft way in the world to ftop the Fermentation of any Liquor was to keep a lighted Match of Brimftone under the Cafk for fome time. This is ufeful in fo warm a Country as this, where cyder is apt 1732 Sept. aett esonemumniD Dede ie Ap ot 92 ot yy tn pas plies lia 2 te, bas 0% toi fist elsemruos ther baw ynv'T » egnillid2 og besoxs. blorhw srfs to. bY arin: elicit od « ‘a3 om bovocded 1 gery ail fo » | iqe ai vobya sreder ids ex yrawoD om | Isms buoget titgil wadicas yd ate W ni ticket onboard) enw eit vba tl yagi slawsb) baw eoyengell yen pipsins bed / elie Asaod mucantg Mies 'e digisst Yo sguids gf ofF poppe UT 008 jon Hiw’ ~bastgadl fier stoqxl weds bas noflirnnoD diiw .b‘ylqqut. yliaago® sgrey,geosieniabiy Yor eon: “i (,aiddnedeqmeoni olsul sai doidw) AolodnewsMt ‘pesindllooa) 1qoox» ,eyb mad) jo saon heat pn- . . bas podtall tied) dakw aoveoi,yods poyewoll,, gh Jor aid yd gnidvon ateg od 2a agen ai sid onQ sodas tum I opdibahy ai ted Yo wsst-16t ob. 02 gatillivaypolesil.o ah tetddiioes ody tqoak ou doidve eooyge Vi toda. ae . di mow Resi sds xlnommon, 218, gs # edzsgok ‘bas ssa ee vod Y alo ans SS Carseat the) eis AA Progrefs to the Mines. 53 therefore better proof againft the fudden changes of Weather, to which this Climate is unhappily Subject. 1732 S ept. After faying fome very civil things to Mrs. Chifwell, for my 9¢ handfome Entertainment, J mounted my Horfe, and Mr. Chit well his Phaeton, in order to go tothe Mines at Frederickf{ville. We cou’d converfe very little by the way, by reafon of our different Voitures. The Road was very Straight and level the whole Journey, which was 25 Miles, the laft ten whereof I rode in the Chair, and my friend on my Horfe, to eafe ourfelves by that Variety of Motion. About a Mile before we got to Frederickfville, we forded over the North Branch of Pomunky, about 60 Yards over. Neither this nor the South Branch run up near fo high as the Mountains, but many Miles below them fpread out into a kind of Morafs, like Chickahominy. When we approacht the Mines, there open’d to our View a large Space of clear’d Ground, whofe Wood had been cut down for coaling. We Arriv’d here about 2 A’Clock, and Mr. Chifwell had been fo provident as to bring a Cold Venifon Pafty, with which we appeafed our Appetites, without the Impatience of waiting, When our Tongues were at leizure for difcourfe, my Friend told me there was one Mr. Harifon, in England, who is fo univerfal a dealer in all Sorts of Iron, that he cou’d govern the Market juft as he pleaf’d. That it was by his artful Man- agement that our Iron from the Plantations fold for lefs than that made in England, tho’ it was generally reckon’d much better. “Chat Ours wou’d hardly fetch 6£ a Tun, when their’s fetcht 7 or 8, purely to ferve that Man’s Intereft. ‘Then he explain’d the Several Charges upon our Sow Iron, after it was put on Board the Ships. That in the firft place it paid “{ a Tun for Freight, being juft fo much clear gain to the Ships, which carry it as Ballaft, or wedge it in among the Hogfheads. | When it gets Home, it pays 3/9 cuftome. Thefe Articles together make no more than 11/3, and yet the Merchants, SETI pid apart io rag tment te pe yet IY Hawt perer 2 ee ‘livia Gov TD oowsdw ayy feel Sets ati as nw dsidw: Set? omofius 8p: ‘eyng: a ? oH atog a inno’ ons 7 bas’ ee said: Shasins tipi 4idD' AM bas Sod Benawale T steo ti llivhlohobait is cont adie yee rem Pe wo lo nolo xd Achy ort yo sbsiit row” aavaue oda lovel bre sdgiaisd Ytov caw bROM od T phere asvishivo Mas of oH yon no base qm bag’ tied Saini shen 6? dog Sw Oiled OHM & niod/A shoo, Yo Yate’ ded yd _ ‘ClnunioT Yo Honma dw ony teyebabicd sw ollivdonabord a rut donsi dood off ron aide wdisA ove ebusY 68 wede i notW .ynimoitmlsidD odil into Yo bait soni te besigt spiel 2 wi duo 63 b'reqo Sradt ei ody “I>so1gge ow. rat mwob 109 ssdd “bel boo W storlwbnvort) bisal> "Yo vonge dtive vied acting V bloD « yitind or eb inebivor” oO) need bad to sotsitagenl odd duodkie, entisaqqA wo bsteaqqs ow oid yin Shuoshib ol swiss! $e stv eougno'T wo nodW | gnitiew ai olw ,basignd ai iets aM ono eew oisd) om blod basi fnovey b'uoy od sade oil lo enod Us ai roltob é lihoviny a y wnsM loti eld yd cow ot sed’ T Baal on es fy sods asf ck 4 inetd AST 10d Sich enoismaelG od} MOD’ HoT Wet Inomege : dui b'nodse1 Yllatonsg exw’ af ‘odd boalgad’ ‘ai ‘obem ‘eda wt astT Stasi e*aal sade at 62 yloing 810% sonst eow 3} 19tte ono we TO moc ee ret “Isroved oda” Btainlqas OW bing 9 sone fat ors ai itt gid onli Ro ju me 4 Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 by their great Skil in Multiplying Charges, Swell the account Sept. up to near 30/a Tun by that time it gets out of their Hands, and they are continually adding more and more, as they ferve us in our Accounts of Tobacco. He told me a ftrange thing about Steel, that the making of the beft remains at this day a profound Secret in the breaft of a very few, and therefore is in’ danger of being loft, as the Art of Staining of Glafs, and many others, have been. He cou’d only tell me they uf’d Beech Wood in the making of it in Europe, & burn it a Confiderable time in powder of Charcoal; but the Myftery lies in the Liquor they quench it in. After dinner we took a walk to the Fur- nace, which is elegantly built of Brick, tho’ the Hearth be of Fire-Stone. “There we faw the Founder, Mr. Derham, who is paid 4 Shillings for every Tun of Sow Iron that he runs, which is a Shilling cheaper than the laft Workman had. This Ope- rator lookt a little Melancholy, becaufe he had nothing to do, the Furnace having been Cold ever fince May, for want of Corn to Support the Cattle. This was however no neglect of Mr. Chifwell, becaufe all the Perfons he had contracted with had bafely difappointed him. But having receiv’d a fmall Sup- ply, they intended to blow very foon. With that view they began to heat the Furnace, which is 6 Weeks before it comes to that intenfe heat required to run the Metal in perfection. Neverthelefs, they commonly begin to blow when the Fire has been kindled a Week or ten days. Clofe by the Furnace ftood a very fpacious Houfe full of Charcoal, holding at leaft 400 Loads, which will be burnt out in 3 Months. The Company has contracted with Mr. Harry Willis to fall the Wood, and then maul it and cut it into pieces of 4 feet in length, and bring it to the Pits where it is to be coal’d. All this he has undertaken to do for 2 Shillings a Cord, which muft be 4 foot broad, 4 foot high, and 8 foot long. Being thus carry’d to the Pits, the Collier has contraQed to Coal it for 5 Shillings a Load, eaks uch sea % g yeb cicli tn eniamon fad. od Yo gatdn 9 ti 2i noloid? bam gst yy 2 io fisord a yas bar Aa) Jo yaiini to nA ode, _— bw ied oust diss ite b'vaa 9 mal oda’ ai sail wotieM ‘add wd ppb ihotpadomae ef! -1"E otlt'or dlew es doot ow saab with ee fansup yous 5 et wy, jo od drmeld sd ‘odd ytoind. to shud \itangels ai doicdw. PO \, zi oftw ,reedioG wM sbeee 1 oct wat ow ord T -9NOD . doidiw zag oi aoels. aot. woe: to aT yuove ah egnillida, tres ee, gO aidT. .hsd-nenmlioW Asl od neds aaqesds gnillid2 mei ob 09 guidion bed. sal stwagod -ylodonslald atynil 8 tool: worst ug to nsw wot yell | ‘soni seve" bloD need gaived. soncemu ood, tii to shou on on isyowon sow.aidl .sinsO. ods mogqud os m0 laid tiw boBeweos bed od ended oda He slssoed” digit) aM... i - qua Une « b‘views gaived moll .ooid boom ib ylsied, bath. Silas ay vod: woiy tea diW? .noa) ypev wold 00 bobuasai,yads eylg : eacnoe ti o1ctad: alan Wd at doichw opecas »* ned A a a oifeheg: ni iatoll ods. mint, 0? .berinpon dane ole ead onl old nodw wold o2 nigad yinomnoa ‘yar. | OTTO: booft sonmw Todt yd dol, .eyeb mor 10, 499W a bolbai oop: fesh. on gniblod dsoosd? Yo Laas eH auGiosgt YIEV yneqmoO od'T adsnoM § std, duo sud: od Hive ; vid ab. bas .booV¥ oft {la os alli yosH, AM. doi ok 1 ) bis higudl ai r9shp Fo.gpenig otk, giaiu) bo di dys A me end od elifa HA .b'leoo..ed) of, iti oyediye ait dt 03 11g soot » od Panmn® stoisive, winoD a egnillid® © x | i ob 03 meds 7 ois od b*yriaa-auds( yniodl vsgttol ook iii | 1002 cbs bsot a aguillid® wt ti lsoD.on vohoet willos A Progrefs to the Mines. 55 confifting of 160 Bufhels. The Fire in the Furnace is blown by 2 Mighty pair of Bellows, that coft one Hundred pounds each, and thefe Bellows are mov’d by a great Wheel of 26 foot diameter. ‘The Wheel again is carry’d round by a fmall Stream of Water, conveyed about 350 Yards over Land ina Trough, from a Pond made by a wooden Dam. But there is great want of Water in a dry Seafon, which makes the Furnace often blow out, to the great prejudice of the Works. Having thus fill’d my Head with all thefe Particulars, we return’d to the Houle, where, after talking of Colo. Spotfwood, and his Stratagems to fhake off his Partners, and fecure all his Mines to himfelf, 1 retired toa homely Lodging, which, like a homefpun Mittrefs, had been more tolerable, if it had been fweet. Over our Tea, Mr. Chifwell told me the expence which the Company had been already at amounted to near Twelye Thou- fand Pounds: But then the Land, Negroes, and Cattle were all included in that Charge. However, the Money began now to come in, they having run 1200 Tuns of Iron, and all their heavy difburfements were over. Only they were ftil forct to buy great Quantitys of Corn, becaufe they had not Strength of their own to make it. That they had not more than 80 Negroes, and few of thofe Virginia born, That they need 40 Negroes more to carry on all the Bufinefs with their own Force. They have 15000 Acres of Land, tho’ little of it rich except in Iron, and of that they have a great Quantity. Mr. Fitz Williams took up the mine tract, and had the addrefs to draw in the Governor, Capt. Pearfe, Dr. Nicolas and Mr. Chifwell to be jointly concern’d with him, by which contrivance he firft got a good price for the Land, and then, when he had been very little out of Pocket, fold his Share to Mr. Nelfon for 500£; and of chefe Gentlemen the Company at prefent confifts. And Mr. Chifwell is the only perfon amongft them that knows any thing of the matter, and has 100£ a year for looking after to 1732 Sept. Re al 22 £$ti awold 2i,s2enws i 9 1928. shawoc: bavbesakl: ens laine | 7001 05 to loxd W smogg-e yo b' vor a mesué Usnil «yd bawde b'yrind af diege iota od cfquorl & ni bred wyvo ebis'¥ opp sods boyavinos rane) 7 now Isr el oxods goth ie noboww ad sham baod s agi wold asic soba oft coolern doidtwe yickes? (ab © ais W Io ‘ | : b'llit anda yoivekl .adioW ons Yo soibojare: deo7g sitr of tuo i woH. sft ot biguae: ew eulvsinel stods Is deiw bso ya a. oo emogciaie tid: has ,boowiseg?.oldD Yo goitles wile nody | J Molenid of eoni Mi 2id Me oom, baw 2voored gid Bo ada — tlotild audtomod a sail doidw ygaighot ylamod sen botites | q doowi nood bed iY sldmolorsromenand bed edi doidw sonegxe, edt: een blot Mowid «aM jsoT ndomeO ‘ -uotT ovlowT 129m 61 boavome $s ybanis avd bail yanqenoD | sow 91780 ban esewgelt ,basudd-ede sods swGvsiebnusl, baat a ‘wor.nsged youoM alt gevewoH .xysedD sadewntibsbuloni fle ttods Me bas .noid Jo anu T cons ust gritvad yor (atl sites oF y 0) Riot LL cow yode nO reve: sew emomshudlib yvaod - to digaowe son bed yoda Shyssed ino? to eviisnanQ adrg youd 8 nsdt s20% ton bed gods asdT eb oslearoe? ave dnd? Am Op been yoda aedT) med sinigai¥ Sods lo wot bas .asergo 5 oan -. Rwo todd chiw domi ody: leno pms eX oetoRs esoxyst F 4 19, fail ‘ore: bowl to adioA aoogr ovad yo FE cot Yiinew© teong oe ved yous tut Yo bas tol ni sqs0x9 doin — coubbe ody bad bas Bev Shictodd qu door ama Wsit aM all bes elo ores \aqgeD rons ) sit abwaib or s98KvinIAE? doidw yd ginid dsivy b'irvsstton. od of Howlid bad od gory nods heim baad oft 40) s9hq ‘boogin sogedial od vol netla «Mi 09 oned@ id biok jsastaoL Yooua alihegrey mead filaos arog 1¢ ynnqenoD ott notolingt) dled? to baw. 43.002 te : i, of 7 6) ey ie] ewonal sas soods Aguoma adhioq ino silt xi ttawhid sabi f oils galtoo! rot 9 ¢ hoor esd’ ban patie atts Aougelds 56 AA Progrefs to the Mines. i732 the Works, and richly deferves it. After breaking our Faft we Sept. took a walk to the principal Mine, about a Mile from the “vy Furnace, where they had funk in fome places about 15 or 20 foot deep. “The Operator, Mr. Gordon, raif’d the Oar, for which he was to have by contract 1/6 p Cart-Load of 26 Hundred Weight. ‘This man was oblig’d to hire all the Laborers he wanted for this Work of the Company, after the rate of 25f a Month, and for all that was able to clear 40£ a-year for himfelf. We faw here feveral large Heaps of oar of 2 forts, one of rich, and the other Spongy and poor, which they melted together to make the Metal more tough. The way of raifing the oar was by blowing it up, which Operation I faw here from beginning to End. ‘They firft drill’?d a hole in the Mine, either upright or Slopeing, as the grain of it required. This hole they cleanfed with a Rag faften’d to the End of an Iron with a Worm at the end of it. Then they put in a Cartridge of Powder containing about 3 Ounces, and at the fame time a Reed full of fufe that reacht tothe Powder. Then they ramm’d dry Clay, or foft Stone very hard into the Hole, and laftly they fired the fufe with a Paper that had been dipt in a Solution of Saltpetre and dry’d, which burning Slow and Sure, gave leizure to the Engineer to retire to a proper diftance before the Explofion, ‘This in the Miner’s Language is call’d making a Blaft, which will loofen feveral hundred Weight of Oar at once; and afterwards the Laborers eafily feparate it with Pick-axes and carry it away in Bafkets up to the Heap. At our return we faw near the Furnace large Heaps of Mine with Charcoal mixet with it, a Stratum of each alternately, beginning firft with a layer of Charcoal at the Bottom. To this they put Fire, which in a little time fpreads thro’ the whole Heap, and calcines the Oar, which afterwards eafily crumbles into fmall pieces fit for the Furnace. Then was likewife a mighty Quantity of Limeftone, brought from Brif- —— Y res eae OU ee Py ee ee - ~ gw De D awe gailaord ait ods cio? oliM®: suoda ¢ of to 21 svode wood ee wrn ye sot -wO od? bat (obwD - WE 2 ds Yo heol-rie2D q: Ae PHranos email d oft Lie oid 67 bythe cow nem aE - ina an odt afte gyneqmoD sda Ww aha W edd aA boinew'ed wsiodad 20, aslo or olde’ eaw dads fle ai ‘bas ico elas Yoon eT to 180 Yo eqeoH sgtal litovdt axed wit oW Asked teal co oe . yor) ‘doidw pweq bis ygnode rerio sda Bers Aoit Io'sne ania ; gow of .dynot siomt IetohM ory odlon or vediagen’ baste ‘i ; wat I noltmieq® doitive qu vi gaiwold gdb gew amo! sit galisn Yo” otis ai ofodk ab ttinb inh aed ‘bad ot grinniged mont sted” Bs Supt ut nity ors RE igaiaqold’ 40 Mayirqy adios (oni nz to buGl edt ot b*nstet got é. daiw bitnesls yaity slod aid s mi ang yous mod” ah te bos odr ss aie Wg dtiw now . : od) tn baw 2vonwO ¢ twods’ yainiztnos wbwot Yo ogbitneD — : nod'T .asbw6 off) os tomes jedt sw Jol boos omits sen’ =. lek sry onal beat ye oneia fidl 70! eel yib: pt cont | : niwib nved bed ted qed x diiw dhut odd bod yor (ial hae” aT wwe baa wold gninwed doidve .b*yib bas seqilne Yo novulos we owwted sonaftih wqoig # on orltes o s9onigndl) ons or nussial avg | ay ae geuistacres b‘ikes et sgeugascl e‘oniivi ofa mi aidlE unol | york ca » ; tn 1s© Yo tfgioW beabaud levwsh adteok Win dvi ala | diiw ai steteqit yikes eistods.I ods ebaswipite | bas ¢99n0 | | as he 1A .qno HD oy ‘02 qu etodiatl “Rihogseen mye brs coxmtoiT > ae oniM to eqasH ogist cosmid ort inom wh ow mmist awe © ctlosamioals tioes to mutewe: a fi die: sein inoznad a ; oT -.tnonodl oda sn leoamRit? Yo raysh @ dive dink s ‘ oz ‘ouly ebooiqh omis olttil a ni dsidw: riD) gag! ie viiiss ebaawioits doidw asO ‘odd. 2onioleg” bane yqaskh cow nod ET ogemiy Deda neha 6 aang: pane? oan esl dnd mo saci anoftomint, to, ¥ meu yadgim nae au ssh. ae t eobits neh: ri : i Laie ofa Show tiorls of ne Hoqoig ai | rodes-dooie | & ey Ww oq enoihO ne head pie ale # Fae hy bs om | rae 2 “i Paacagie & ing ni Gow owl ibd ‘sdT enc) bmoye? be vy & dmyo% byibauH ono od sein ‘ hs Loh : xed 1732 Sept. eal gener, 27 58 A Progrefs to the Mines. 200£ p Annum in ftanding Wages. The Provifions too are a heavy Article, which their Plantations dont yet produce in a Sufficient Quantity, tho’ they are at the Charge of a general Overfeer. But while Corn is fo fhort with them, there can be no great Increafe of Stock of any kind. Having now pretty well exhaufted the Subje@ of Sow Iron, I afkt my Friend fome Queftions about Bar-lron. He told me we had as yet no Forge erected in Virginia, tho’ we had 4 Furnaces. But there was a very good one fet up at the head of the Bay in Maryland, that made exceeding good Work. He let me know that the duty in England upon Bar Iron was 24f a Tun, and that it fold there from Ten to 16 pounds a Tun. This wou’d pay the Charge of Forging abundantly, but he doubted the Parliament of England would foon forbid us that Improvement, left after that we fhou’d go farther, and manufacture Our Bars into all Sorts of Iron Ware, as they al- ready do in New England & Pennfylvania. Nay, he quef- tion’d whether we fhou’d be fuffer’d to caft any Iron, which they can do themfelves at their Furnaces. Thus ended our Con- verfation, and I thankt my Friend for being fo free in commu- nicating every thing to me. ‘Then, after tipping a Piftole to the Clerk, to drink profperity to the Mines with all the Work- . men, I accepted the kind otter of going part of my Journey in the Phaeton. I took my Leave about ten, and drove over a Spacious Level Road ten Miles, to a Bridge built over the River Po, which is one of the 4 Branches of Matopany, about 40 Yards wide. Two Miles beyond that, we paffed by a Planta- tion belonging to the Company, of about 500 Acres, where they keep a great Number of Oxen to relieve thofe that have drage’d their loaded Carts thus far. Three Miles farther we came to the Germanna Road, where I quitted the Chair, and continued my Journey on Horfeback. JI rode 8 Miles together over a Stony Road, and had on either fide continual poifon’d ievonsg # to oged od ne o10d3 pod dere 9 : | bait yns 0 42018 ne soil woe, Yo Hojdes ony boftuedxe Poynter uvEr ai blot oH .covl-nefl sods enoifteuQ smot basil yaals T » bed owe ‘odd sisiga ni boBer, sgno'l on. 194 ate bnd: inthe baod od? ye qu Jo one body qisv seRwy mod) avi. escent Blick) sl oH who W hooey gribsoaxe obet sede pbnebpelh nie off Yo vance es \ps esw nol a aoqu, baslgndl aiqueh od? teh work gmt ovT & gbruveq 61 sot n0'T anoit siads blot si nda hah poke nate od rud ,vhashmauds. grigrol Yo outed oda) yaq bivow gid ( au bidaot nod bybascune boalgad Ro woranihed » oy basduob bas .Totdatal)og b'vodt ow tasks yaite fol anomovorqunl iin, ; ~ 2 ls vod? ee oeW nol Yen ile otni ened wO nu fatetsain if | toup afi al ei ianvlyteneed ~A bnelgntl wot ai ob ybsot ae youl doirdw'aorl yas feo as b‘aatl od b'uodl ow rodrorkee b*nois no) wo hobas ext T? eaganel tions ap aoviolmorlt ob) agai, 74 -ystmio2 al soft A gaiod wi basil yataands [bas mista o1 slofil 2 gniqqgit 17m aad, .om oF pends qreve gniasgint! dio VW odo tla dsiw eonihlh eds or yibeqiuag Aaith 97 meget io ni voor A yen Yo stkq griog to sale ‘bats se) harqozoe TL. fom es s tove. svotb: bus ,toraweds symol, gon dloot 1” ee Oe ee = ravi ods wve shud — é bkpag 99 m= bere as ti: rr ey S19 vw wks S62 pits Ye Sea eae sande aie oratt teeta. Rorls svoilon oi aK ioe odie Meo & ow wdtt ei soulT sigh, auld: <7 bbaol ioda bor fisdQ ors boaiup I pertains me 1 of * i" va yorliygo? eli 8 obor T . aloedshoh to yonmol, no 0 bes b'tstiog, fauna? mm sadsio molt a oA yen 2s 1¥0” AA Progrefs to the Mines. 59 Fields, with nothing but Saplins growing onthem. Then I came into the Main County Road, that leads from Frederickf- burgh to Germanna, which laft place J reacht in Ten Miles more. This famous Town confifts of Colo. Spotfwood’s en- chanted Caftle on one Side of the Street, and a Baker’s Dozen of ruincus Tenements on the other, where fo many German Familys had dwelt fome Years ago; but are now remov’d ten Miles higher, in the Fork of Rappahannock, to Land of their Own. There had alfo been a Chappel about a Bow-Shot from the Colonel’s houfe, at the End of an Avenue of Cherry Trees, but fome pious people had lately burnt it down, with intent to get another built nearer to their own homes. Here I arriv’d about three a’clock, and found only Mrs. Spotfwood at Home, who receiv’d her Old acquaintance with many a gracious Smile. I was carry’d into a Room elegantly fet of with Pier Glafles, the largeft of which came foon after to an odd Misfortune. Amongft other favourite Animals that cheer’d this Lady’s Solitude, a Brace of Tame Deer ran familiarly about the Houfe, and one of them came to ftare at me as a Stranger. But unluckily Spy- ing his own Figure in the Glafs, he made a {pring over the Tea Table that ftood under it, and fhatter’d the Glafs to pieces, and falling back upon the Tea Table, made a terrible Fracas among the China. This Exploit was fo fudden, and accompany’d with fuch a Noife, that it furpriz’d me, and perfeétly frighten’d Mrs. Spotfwood. But twas worth all the Damage to fhew the Moderation and good humour with which fhe bore this difafter. In the Evening the noble Colo. came home from his Mines, who faluted me very civilly, and Mrs. Spotfwood’s Sifter, Mifs Theky, who had been to meet him ex Cavalier, was fo kind too as to bid me welcome. We talkt over a Legend of old Storys, fupp’d about 9, and then prattl’d with the Ladys, til twas time for a Lravellour to retire. In the mean time I obferv’d my old Friend to be very Uxorious, and exceedingly fond of his Child- 1732 Sept. Nee oe of a Sb — toy of tno iw grweb 2 seus ibaa bed slgooq, zuoiq oimol - queds b'vying T oH -.esmod nwo ‘sort of torson dlind txliong ; ~ onkye. Soiien if beowltog? wi ylno brawol baw yaloels"s souls oft _2ohahed 911 iw Ro 19) ylanagsle, mood a: oan bynes 2 enw soT ont isvo gnindt gobem od 0fD of) ni ougit awe eid gni Ton Sa I nod T uinod? no pie te seen moit prey nerd nit 668 ee ole Pe" cao eradatl s hue. stot sit dlls 0 sh oranda coos yam, @ taedw ito ott ae einen Te nos b' vost wen et ind 2 ¢ Ope euo¥ vac itlowb bad elie siod2 Yo bed of alsonandaqqed Yo sel seo wi crorlgict eolil ois mot iof@-wotl £ tuotls lsqqatO a noid Oe bed ondT swO sud gear yr? Yo sunsvA og Yo bal edt ae Ayod eancloD I ~linn® ebiogyg wf amin dota sonsminnpoe biO rd b'viso01 AyaomA canwrtdaiNl bho az of teftw mod) oinee doidwie fogial kr ,Sbuitlod | e'yba Doms brood serlt elachimA stimfowA asdio. ono bas stvoH oft gods ylisilinmY asi 19 ome T do aoe ~yq@ yYloloulng sl seoginen32 £ ee ont 1% Onsft ot omexaded? Yo bre 2oo9ly of lel als b‘ronerl hag st 1obaw beak sadi-sldseT a gions esosrt oldie? x oben: oldeT 49°F oy nogu 2kaad gaillst a diiw b'yasqtnosos bas eiobbut ob eaw tiolgx® aidT .senidD ods 2 b' noidgin (etieq bas om b'shqui sited: Gio « thot ody work on sonnel add fie ditow aewrs iu sboowlog2 croft aids oxod aah dole ALiw womnd boog: bns agitexboM xe fi ean eid: mont gion, seme .oleD siden ofl, gainova odz al : aM aefie. —— au base: etixis pov om. a oa oot bad ot eaw pwdiiewd is anid P90 OF oad bed " | eose blo ‘Ie bead 8.15ve nailer oW con | _ornit aaw? lis eybod ore dig pena ‘ba blo yen b'vaside. 1 steiy aeora ont al | atiavr c stir | | bid aut to biol Uishibeates bas 20 . 60 “A Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 ren. This was fo oppofite to the Maxims he ufd to preach up Sept. before he was marryed, that I cou’d not forbear rubbing up the Memory of them. But he gave a very good-natur’d turn to his Change of Sentiments, by alleging that whoever brings a poor Gentlewoman into fo folitary a place, from all her Friends and acquaintance, wou’d be ungrateful not to ufe her and all that belongs to her with all poflible Tendernefs. 28 Weall kept Snug in our feveral apartments till Nine, except Mifs Theky, who was the Houfewife of the Family. At that hour we met over a Pot of Coffee, which was not quite ftrong enough to give us the Palfy. After Breakfaft the Colo. and I left the Ladys to their Domeftick Affairs, and took a turn in the Garden, which has nothing beautiful but 3 Terrace Walks that fallin Slopes one below another. I let him underftand, that befides the pleafure of paying him a Vilit, I came to be inftructed by fo great a Mafter in the Myftery of Making of Iron, wherein he had led the way, and was the Tubal Cain of Virginia. He corrected me a little there, by affuring me he was not only the firft in this Country, but the firft in North America, who had erected a regular Furnace. That they ran altogether upon Bloomerys in New England & Pennfilvania, till his Example had made them attempt greater Works. But in this laft Col- ony, they have fo few Ships to carry their Iron to Great Bri- tain, that they muft be content to make it only for their own ufe, and muft be oblig’d to manufacture it when they have done. That he hoped he had done the Country very great Service by fetting fo good an Example. ‘That the 4 Furnaces now at work in Virginia circulated a great Surin of Money for Provifions and all other neceflarysin the adjacent Countys. That they took offa great Number of Hands from Planting Tobacco, and employ’d them in Works that produced a large Sum of Money in England to the perfons concern’d, whereby the Country is fo much the Richer. That they are befides a confiderable advantage to Great Britain, qu doen of be od ‘ota qu gnidduy 126d ae o3 irs bwisn-boog cor 8 es etd pak o- . 1o0y & ¢gahd tovsothw iedy ban ebnoit’d vod fle mort | wal 3 wily He bas varl Shy of ton ito urge ph ake i) ain ) \@eemibasT oldilog Ite driw rod 07 23 | iqooxe nit fie einsenmeqn Lerevst ve ‘nh gone iqoa ‘is ow yet) 2A Syliomn lL oa? Yomiwstieh art ew odw ; ee . grou! op Jon ew igickve sat BY) so RIO ‘bm ou t bas Lolo ‘ods Shlatnnd@l vot A ~ yet! sil an ovig ot ner ni ann & toot bee piilA soifemotl todd 01 eybed only fol : 2dis Wo sosre T ¢ sud ftineesd ection anil Aidt tobi) side 111) -bowfliebns nid sof TP Vaedions wolvd anne 29qol2 nb Ut data bo fudtai'ed of srada 1 gRV a raid gnivey'te swieslq offi ohfiy gee | nioisdw enort to nia aah, Wy M oft nh tafe aang od He oe a's oH .ainimi¥ Yo’ nm y ledy"T os exw bne (aw ort bel bad’ of vino ton esw sd om gts qd sion) stgail x om pierre bed ow. soneaA dno mi M49 ony awd (tino aids ii rt a ; ht rordisgoste asx yods Wet sopmtD aaliygot & ag . i sux vid {his ,sinsvllans? % boelgnd WM al Yeimeld © ie Hal aid? of wd dio Wae91g tqtrens mod), ahem bss! | . -ifl se o9" aol sisrly yrind ot aqitt® wa ob over Nod. nwo Yisdt 10} yino 31 ookenr oF moition Sd Aum ds war -aind nob oved yor aodwi Sufainesn 0 b'yildo rl flum MLS «Sl ad aotvage se979 Peeks yinveD sda snob bed of” 4 , | show 16 won ee: h ol wT” ssiqmx® ne boc , “el Ils bas’ attonivei dT 20% ono Nt Yo niu? instg & bateleonis sing s979 Ro toot yortrand T” i smal inact ae ct siftoa oF ni cxvods b‘yolqens baa ,ooondo cs ana ot basigaD ai yoriolh es ee yr A bo pou bor q? jstly crodoi A oda hoger’ oh a yw0D nig, ie “ri99n0 nin pated oi st sine oldsisbiino ted ou hi ee A Progrefs to the Mines. 61 becaufe it leffens the Quantity of Bar Iron imported from Spain, Holland, Sweden, Denmark and Mufcovy, which ufed to be no lefs than 20,0co Tuns yearly, tho’ at the fame time no Sow Iron is imported thither from any Country but only from the Plantations. For moft of this Bar Iron they do not only pay Silver, but our Friends in the Baltick are fo nice, they even expect to be paid all in Crown Pieces. On the contrary, all the Iron they receive from the Plantations, they pay for it in their own Manufactures, and fend for it in their own Shipping. Then J inquired after his own Mines, and hoped, as he was the firit that engaged in this great undertaking, that he had brought them to the moft perfection. He told me he had Iron in feveral Parts of his great Tra of Land, confifting of 45,000 Acres. But that the Mine he was at work upon was 13 Miles below Germanna. That his Oar (which was very rich) he raif’d a Mile from his Furnace, and was oblig’d to Cart the Iron, when it was made, 15 Miles to Maflaponux, a Plantation he had upon Rappahanock River; But that the Road was exceeding good, gently declining all the way, and had no more than one Hill to go up in the whole Journey. For this reafon his loaded carts went it in a day without difficulty. He faid it was true His works were of the oldeft Standing: but that his long abfence in England, and the wretched Management of Mr. Greame, whom he had entrufted with his Affairs, had put him back very much. That what with Neglect and Severity, above 80 of his Slaves were loft while he was in England, and moft of his Cattle ftarved. That his. Furnace ftood ftill great part of the time, and all his Plantations ran to ruin. That indeed he was rightly ferv’d for committing his Affairs to the care of a Mathematician, whofe thoughts were always among the Stars. That neverthelefs, fince his return, he had apply’d himfelf to rectify his Steward’s Miftakes, and bring his Bufinefs again into Order. That now he had contriv’d to do every thing with his sens vtting2 ono be qne woe on omit out the womoo sft WO * \2s03if nwot ‘ni Tle’ bing ‘od on mee "SM sD) of build eew bas okey ain mtoit’ oli bist , HovarmalT » xusbiylial o3 23liM ax abet caw sinatiw .notl — flom bak Sastgod ai é hod slidw. fra ON singe anit aid jai ind bas , eid. dviww gids nic: 3 bin ae 10 oto oo sf9 mot yino wd “yee. Man a id & veq ino 30d Pot som a ide Rela tots Pe Tova yous Sota a gre Arintntt a feats ih vi ai si 10) yoq yay enolsanent ody area svigngt vad * ee .qniqqité gowo aiods ai xi xt band bare arwistinsM nwo ties " silt anw od ap boGod baa zeuill nwo oid toe botupinl aT silguoid bal of sade asidsrobau oy vid? mi bogngns dads fait ae tt “noi bed od Sra hilo oH neiBatieq flom ody a mmo wt 000,24 Io's gnifitads ; :bnet Yo fsr'F tevig’ aid Yo eet Ieyovst “: 2a gt exw com show 36 aew 3 oni of sed Wel eo A ed (dors: qiav ehw foidw) wO eit jel annem wolod 2xw beott adj jad? dull: r9vidT ‘UsoandegqeA 1 arom’ ort hid bes eysw oda lis gninifosb’ ‘yonsg” nclisy erty, io'T “yertvol glow oda a qu og o1 {FE nse fi bist oH whith twortiw ysh Rp ni i Jaow andy Bebsol zid aid darks sud :yaibasie Rablo ont to! ow whow aH uns aaw alto insirageas boroisnw ofa bas barigad ni sade | gnol roid suq bad 2i6RA aid daiw boflunns bad od Fags ovods ,itoved baa Hols 18 dive ssddwe tad Ying In91y Mitt booit ont aid te tobe sf bagbeai aed T Aiea 3 na ang 1 vid ‘& to 9169 of) 08 aris eid gnitsimmoo i0t BN PRI ody gnome ayawls crow atdgu wend | dv oy ‘Thitmid b'yigge bart’ orl eupan 2 ha aD bad od 62 4A Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 own People, except raifing the Mine and running the Iron, by Sept. which he had contraéted his Expence very much. Nay, he “Y" believ’d that by his directions he cou’d bring fenfible Negroes to perform thofe parts of the work tolerably well. But at the fame time he gave me to underftand, that his Furnace had done no great Feats lately, becaufe he had been taken up in building an Air Furnace at Maflaponux, which he had now brought to perfection, and fhou’d be thereby able to furnifh the whole Country with all Sorts of Caft Iron, as cheap and as good as ever came from England. I told him he muft do one thing more to have a full Vent for thofe Commoditys, he muft keep a Chaloupe running into all the Rivers, to carry his Wares home to people’s own Doors. And if he wou’d do that I wou’d fet a good Example, and take of a whole Tun of them. Our Converfation on this Subject continued till Dinner, which was both elegant and plentifull. The afternoon was devoted to the ladys, who fhew’d me one of their moft beau- tiful Walks. “They conducted me thro’ a Shady Lane to the Landing, and by the way made me drink fome very fine Water that iffued from a Marble Fountain, and ran inceflantly. Juft behind it was a cover’d Bench, where Mifs Theky often fat and bewail’d her Virginity. ‘hen we proceeded to the River, which is the South Branch of Rappahanock, about 50 Yards: wide, and fo rapid that the Ferry Boat is drawn over by a Chain, and therefore called the Rapidan. At night we drank profperity to all the Colonel’s Projects in a Bowl of Rack Punch, and then retired tc our Devotions. , 29 Having employ’d about 2 hours in Retirement, I Sally’d out at the firft Summons to Breakfaft, where our converfation with the Ladys, like Whip Sillabub, was very pretty, but had nothing init. This it feems was Mifs Theky’s Birth day, upon which I made her my Compliments, & wifh’t fhe might live twice as long a marry’d Woman as fhe had livda Maid. I did not —~ -—. 8 ee Miele i rer | tery. ere Poa ™ ody gainmutel i’ ora Mt ee down. apy : rine soyoV sldilast. gad ditwasl yout anc is te ww .tlow rath pers nob bed sos eid sate bastirebae of ois n | gniblind ni. qu sohey: noyd bed od enced gelosal esas 3 . ») odguerd woa bark -oal doidw eunoqiiet ce oat whe wee Nodw ont, Mimut os dda qdsasds od. ‘bvodt bas ‘sckfllkeagaals re in booy, 28 bas qaeds em atonal fie Yo aixo® He dai -yrin0De>. “a gaids sao. ob. ttumr of meld -blar f basignd mont senso x8V9 vel) yood Puen: of ayiibonnenigd Hors soi ane V Yat & svsdd-od vom - os W eid yriso..or emi ach iis o@nl Reine aquolsd> & th i sed ob bivew od Hi bad. .er00CL wo a‘slqosq of amar,” io nT slonw & to whe bone eiqmax’ | boog & ta) b'uow sonniCl His bewnitaos Rajdue gids no aondhevacD wO . sareilp mae | 2aw mdontsiis, od D) teliinielg bas: ategeie” Hood enw doidw % uned flont aisdt Yo 200 gam bivrodt onw .eybsl oda at batevob: va ‘ sit oF oom ybede «.‘oxds sm bafubnos F . "Ty edlsW ile. © a iose'W anit wow omck dish em aban yew) ous mn bas, aaibagd co. ful; lain B ee ty re err rua b'ylled { danagin ti seit s wods y* yaks dviw noisébioynos 10 axadve Adsl, od 2fo goidion bed sud, ysto7q vy iid dudgll doidw nog: eyed dit e'yoladT: en soiws ovil atiginn oil Biv 32 mod yn on bil 1 bis, & b‘yil het adi wane’ a! A Progrefs to the Mines. 63 prefume to pry into the Secret of her Age, nor was fhe forward 1732 to difclofe it, for this humble Reafon, left I fhou’d think her Sept. Wifdom fell fhort of her Years. She contriv’d to make this day of her Birth a day of Mourning, for having nothing better at prefent to fet her Affections upon, fhe had a Dog that was a ereat Favourite. It happen’d that very Morning the poor Curr had done fomething very uncleanly upon the Colo’s Bed, for which he was condemn’d to dye. However, upon her entreaty, fhe got him a Reprieve; but was fo concern’d that fo much feverity fhou’d be intended on her Birth day, that fhe was not — to be comforted ; and left fuch another Accident might Outt the poor Curr of his Clergy, fhe protefted fhe would board out her Dog at a Neighbour’s Houfe, where fhe hoped he wou’d be more kindly treated. Then the Colo. and I took another turn in the Garden, to difcourfe farther on the Subject of Iron. He was very frank in communicating all his dear-bought Experience to me, and told me very civilly he wou’d not only let me into the whole Secret, but wou’d make a Journey to James River, and give me his faithful Opinion of all my Conveniences. For his part he wifht there were many more [ron works in the Country, provided the partys concerned wou’d preferve a conftant Harmony among themfelves, and meet and confult frequently, what might be for their common Advantage. By this they might be better able to manage the Workmen, and reduce their Wages to what was juft and reafonable. After this frank Speech, he began to explain the whole charge of an Jron-work. He faid, there ought at leaft to be an Hundred Negroes employ’d in it, and thofe upon good Land would make Corn, and raife Provifions enough to fupport themfelves and the Cattle, and do every other part of the BufinefS. That the Furnace might be built for 7oo£, and made ready to go to work, if I went the neareft way to do it, efpecially fince coming after fo many, I might corre their Errors and avoid their Onn. gm sol yite ion biuow oi yllivia YIOV oan blo. bag ora o ' otht-bne zoyldeds: doqquil or dguone enoiivort ‘Stier baw yrioD . odo te tho ludt” ol YO disq” wilto teva ob! bes’ . sanit-ylsioegls hob oF yaw Bs ehow | : nay biovs bas zona’ vio Bon09 dyin 1 er go 7 medicated ie: brewiet onl 2ew ton ogh'y ii rod dnidy b'voh TY oh dito St sbetud vial 40 5 zidd sda of b'vigios 342° ete aol Qo 2401 to11ed yaution paivnd et gitinwoMl Yo grb. tt s esw ded? pot & bad oe Hogs @ROTPRA sel It of Indien 38 vw ‘s00q sil? gala Crow tel ‘bYasqqed aT stisyown'l seg i0t ,bo e'oloD silt noqu yleelony yoy gnidsomd- snob bad “soins ied noge pvowoll e¢b of B'acisbaos eawiod doidw dour of sar? b*rteone ol eaw aud PovsndeA es anid tog oilt ton asw Sit tad yeh drviél cod ne Bebnsiat od bvediyinevah yO regions insbisxoA rdions Wadt Ast bas ; boridteriod ad of 100 bisod blvow oft boftosoy edt pygualD eid Yon tooq odd od b'uow od boqod at o1otw sol eieoddgisA # ego tof niu? teens doos Dbas lo ody aedT boteent yibnl oom oH .noil Yo Reajdee oth no terete Simo Ab ‘od obs ody ai somaiisqxl sdpuodaameb eirl the ghitedimsmaros ai dng qiov enw eoviel zomel o3 yortmol s odam biodw jud {1092 ‘slodw ond ot .2e0sinsyvnoD ym Me Yo aolnigO® bndiist sid oom ovig bas of3 ni ediow soil gem yas sidw! ers ddliw od tieq zid & 9visisiq b now ‘betttoono> eyrisq” orks hobivezq uinw0D Jivinco bas tear bie seviolenoddy geoms wonrH inaftnos (4 .ogsinevhA aommos iiedd 10t od tgim ted’ ¢(hinoupent bis ~neenho W oft ogee of olda 118d od ‘tdgien yor aids mA .sidenéieet bas’ Ruj 2hw sedw of exgeW isda soubor tis 10 oyieds olody sels nislqxs, 0} negod od ,dooeq@ anpil-zidy boibanl ne od on Stesl te ‘idgue stort bist oH - phow-nol canes biuow baal hooy aogu Stolk bre ai ai btyolqens egoryol oO) oy 0) ybext obmm btm’ Soo¢. 1h tind 3d its 64. AA Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 Mifcarriages. “That if I had Oar and Wood enough, and a Sept. convenient Stream of Water to fet the Furnace upon, having neither too much nor too little Water, I might undertake the Affair with a full Affurance of Succefs. Provided the diftance of Carting be not too great, which is exceedingly burdenfome. That there muft be abundance of Wheel Carriages, fhod with Iron, and feveral ‘Teams of Oxen, provided to tranfport the Wood that is to be coal’d, and afterwards the Coal and Oar to the Furnace, and laft of all the Sow Iron to the neareft Water Carriage, and carry back Limeftone & other neceflarys from thence to the Works; and a Sloop alfo would be ufeful to carry the Iron on Board the Ships, the Mafters not being always in the Humour to fetch it. Then he enumerated the people that were to be hired, viz.: a Founder, a Mine-raifer, a Collier, a Stock-taker, a Clerk, a Smith, a Carpenter,a Wheelwright, and Several Carters. That thefe altogether will be a Standing charge of about £500 a Year. That the amount of Freight, Cuftom, Comuniffion and other Charges in England, comes to 27/a Tun. But that the Merchants yearly find out means to inflame the Account with New Articles, as they do in thofe of Tobacco. That, upon the whole matter, the Expences here and in Eng- land may be computed modeftly at 3£.a Tun. And the reft that the Iron fells for will be clear gain, to pay for the Land and Negros, which tis to be hoped will be £3 more for every Tun that is fent over. As this Account agreed pretty near with that which Mr. Chifwell had given me, I fet it down (notwithitanding it may feem a Repetition of the fame thing) to prove that both thefe Gentlemen were fincere in their Repre- fentations. We hada Michaelmas Goofe for Dinner, of Mifs Theky’s own raifing, who was now goodnatur’d enough to forget the Jeopardy of her Dog. In the afternoon we walkt ina Meadow by the River fide, which winds in the form of a Horfefhoe about Germanna, making it a Peninfula, containing visi mnogu eit wor 4+ okesbaw tdgion 1 pcg oo} ean Ssnofib oft bebiverd >; desc Ly conch tae a omoinabwd yignibesas ei aide ;2amig, 009 30n: 9d $e Hive bork .coyatnnD toad WF Yo sencbardis tyrone = | is TIOGtsy 93 \ bohivaiq: trax to emes'T lewd bas vou.’ 7 4-160 bos leeD ond ahawetie bas blaao od on ai ands boo) ire’, 916 V7 fioinen ods 09 ston woe onl the Yo al. baa yoann edtoy smh nuit eyiescon “13090 wa saofkeatit abed igniea bas gogetaD, — rvia> of idhy ed bluow otin qoola « bis pettio W od? or sonadd | | ri eyswit poised 100 ewmsieMt oils 2qid® ony bisotl so nork ‘oda. | sci olqoeq ols bosroceuep ad ead tt poashos ince pliaal vid . : t (al 0m ) 2 adier-onilvl a gebnwod 8 tele: _ghorid \9d,.03 SFO | a girwlood W & TSR & ime =. ahelD s greadtealsost elo | red gniliaed ss od iw wetlgpgotls Stexls md T .evorrsD leroee@ ys n pare ) idyior'l Yo mvome ede ind T nan? 000% sodate yer om nul 6 \ge 09 como bashgadl wi axgied todlte bas noMimeneD: = sii sinshai oF eneont Jud batt yinso7 anadoi hh odt andt wl of lowh - osrsdoT fo! shady, ni ob youls ap 2slointA wold daiw awovtA |e 2 é Boh -ynd ni bas, axed esonogrt ode gases olodw od) mnogu: aed Do for ols bik aT 2 cdg tm ybtobosn beating canoe ash snes Really bred odd tot yey of ning taolo ad: Hiv 402 eli aotk ods amd vali Ai y YIsvS Wh S408 go -od Teve baged ad ot 2 doidw, zorgoh bas. ee}. ci ISO YIIDIG bosigs inwood A. ally ake - eve! Breis et aede aT eden: nwob # It Tom nevig. bed) MewhdOy vb) dois, gods, asin 6 ej (gnida ama ods to soisizaqaal £ aot ‘yom ti goibanihdsivaea) a 199A riod i gr9oni} arg namalinoe sods died. sy ove K iz. AI Io promniCl.r0h Howe reeatondoi bd. bad 9 waisted = 03 dguene buursaboog wot Baw. ordye egeiilins ars ef & _ lew ow noomedis odr nl. .gotl wd. to xbmqost, cds | & to mrpot-orly’ th ebaiw doidw obit aovilh atta x wob: gainiaie? | addininel & bescneu ceeinsam2® syode ot A Progrefs to the Mines. 65 about 400 Acres. Rappahanock forks about 14 Miles below 1732 this place, the Northern Branch being the larger, and confe- Sept. . quently muft be the River that bounds My Lord Fairfax’s Grant of the Northern Neck. The Sun rofe clear this Morning, and fo did I, and finifht all 30 my little Affairs by Breakfaft. It was then refolv’d to wait on the Ladys on Horfeback, fince the bright Sun, the fine Air, and the wholefome Exercife, all invited us to it. We forded the River a little above the Ferry, and rode 6 Miles up the Neck to a fine Level piece of Rich Land, where we found about 20 Plants of Ginfeng, with the Scarlet Berrys growing on the top of the Middle Stalk. The Root of this is of won- derful Vertue in many Cafes, particularly to raife the Spirits and promote Perfpiration, which makes it a Specifick in Colds and Coughs. ‘The Colo. complemented me with all we found, in return for my telling him the Vertues of it. We were all pleaf’d to find fo much of this Kine of Plants fo near the Colonel’s habitation, and growing too upon his own Land; but were, however, furprized to find it upon level Ground, after we had been told it grew only upon the North Side of Stony Mountains. I carry’d home this Treafure, with as much Joy, as if every Root had been a Graft of the Tree of Life, and washt and dry’d it carefully. This Airing made us as Hungry as fo many Hawks, fo that between Appetite and a very good Dinner, twas difficult to eat like a Philofopher. In the After- noon the Ladys walkt me about amongft all their little Animals, with which they amufe themfelves, and furnifh the Table; the worlt of it is, they are fo tender-hearted, they Shed a Silent Tear every time any of them are kill’d. At Night the Colo. and I quitted the threadbare Subject of Iron, and changed the Scene to Politicks. He told me the Miniftry had receded from their demand upon New England, to raife a ftanding Salary for all fucceeding Governors, for fear fome curious Members of the K2 258 sett wolad voli pr ‘sods wha st Ue -dtnoo bas rgial” only, of doom tmoednoW anne) 9 sultan trod nwo! dy oviSE of og Hin stilt bik (I bib OY ine gino ay aa r “flow 0° é alaly Yo wok of ° ottere stbbill ody Yo qod od 10, je ,ods atoa ol ates! Ye gata eit Yo dow oF bai oe b"laslq jud ; bast awo eid moqu oot -goiworg bas noistided gisnoloD wot douer es ciiw ,auiiteoiT 2idi smred b'yvae 1 senissauoM “arty begat Baw (aide Vo Hojdue sim no jinw of b*yidter sds enw oT ‘uh Gia ont odd yaue tdyhd arly sont ord hoH nO 3 baba SW" od eu botived MMe Ainwexd salle af a! orf qu ali 8 sboi bie net odd ovods ofl 8 19¥EA ona bail aw siottw boed ott to so%iq foveal onft 2) or doo gniworg enol satause oy iw oa, orlw elqood eds noqu ae Sisdi Yo yaidlinevegqeul tasxg oft 09 eco: noqu. ‘eunovol vedi ; vd bt yonotn sdf miata ain senit som Spal os eS Ae zrsgnid e“ftini My. ody neawiad yawe nebivem iseeleaie Stir a a zit ba A .sietgtiV Ye etagntioG) odi soll pwd worl and — ompvet) Le gnibbidurt emoiBuriiad oils sett) ndteoSl aid? wot b“iasgiib sve wildeshA, Weds mot easing yas 16" sqno0i oF ne Se ove nogu“boliat yn ala, clidw baal tmegue- oft ati aia ? | ish qed o% es dliw Gt See ayldmsthA: oft oredw: ata” orth ve | JA ofi Ti sed) prodnat DRY SH .2zovisttasdd gnonts eounsvo iste wod astaon bib od Mull bash blvow baelgad ws iy ete yods ti 102 LW risds Aaiege yoao stim or Paci od Hoy ail ~~ vodt daidw ,tromp~ilsed Ye PA yd enob od 02 th Bomb’ ea 2 -gn dl Yo sbgitl ody Jialags od. a thgvods) ab ot btnstwordds ovat” b'vow yodt 19% (2ovinesnstongaz winds yo 1adysanead os noon notT .noituooxt ni BA me aloud tue of aarti! bait ia 11 iedy gninniie, te) goge. owiod s’ sar bedi Tonio ae salsen yod? ronasen of? 19ite Stee 2 setup tits ol chara 2 aah mort ebts¥ ¢ sort ods. griated: d cevouhnvh. . sdi oti Ile’ebasdtieb oniiaoqu'T odd ydorbaly " 16t ishyo ai z903iq ai Hq) neds gb diddy 00s Hie¥i ‘8 ni gee edi ai snbnodiwT ‘sit wo eh nme ods otod ay | rw As arsbnid, bre byob ois. eaeeel aay nora —— sds mud offw ‘Slods. VEO ‘od no oc: ae MIDE suods Iytetes om bas. “Tew norma ods nit cows equawo) ffxi sdt moti aomo> oid es an Boog A Progrefs to the Mines. 67 nor will it burn the Cordage more than that dos. Then we 1732 enter’d upon the Subject of Hemp, which the Colonel told me rie he never cou’d raife here from foreign Seed, but at laft fow’d ag the Seed of Wild Hemp, (which‘is very common in the upper parts of the Country) and that came up very thick. That he fent about 500 tbs. of it to Eneland, and that the Commiffioners of the Navy, after a full tryall of it, reported to the Lords of the Admiralty, that it was equal in goodnefs to the beft that comes from Riga. I told him if our Hemp were never fo good, it would not be worth the making here, even tho’ they fhou’d continue the Bounty. And my Reafon was, becaufe labour is not more than two pence a day in the Eaft Country where they produce Hemp, and here we cant compute it at lefs than T’en Pence, which being five times as much as their Labour, and confidering befides, that our Freight is 3 times as dear as theirs, the Price that will make them rich will ruin us, as I have found by wofull Experience. Befides, if the King, who muft have the Refufal, byys our Hemp, the Navy ts fo long in paying both the price and the Bounty, that we who live from Hand to Mouth cant afford to wait fo long for it. And _ then our good Friends, the Merchants, load it with fo many charges, that they run away with great part of the profit them- felves. Juft like the Bald Eagle, which after the Fifhing Hawk has been at great pains to catch a Fifh, pounces upon and takes it from him. Our converfation was interrupted by a Summons to Supper, for the Ladys, to fhew their power, had by this time brought us tamely to go to Bed with our Bellys full, thou’ we both at firft declar’d pofitively againft it. So very pliable a thing is frail Man, when Women have the bending of him. Our Ladys overflept themfelves this Morning, fo that we did 1 not break our Faft till Ten. We drank Tea made of the Leaves of Ginfeng, which has the Vertues of the Root in a weaker Degree, and is not difagreeable. So Soon as we cou’d Be ' 6} wvon .s1ow qeneli avo Hi onid bloa I “re glusoed 2ew mole yor bo A _anuedl oct ougimno> b'worh . Wed. es. down ga eoenit ous gaied doidw. ano, «oT suns . “en gonna ¢ 2i rdgiay’l wo ted? 29bited gninsbiaos bas ,wodsd . 92) miu lie doin omega sole liw and son onl etiod) ze 1s9b . Obai ye odd qemabl wo exyd laud oft oved Alwen ow - ounid eidy yd bad sowog ‘orl woall o eon apie goa 03 ow ‘vod dlut 2ylle@ awe saiw. boll os 03 03 x at ‘baA ti 30) gaol @b tisw or broke, nso duo, os brsH mom x9 _ a shh ot, dot m ow nodD _aob we eae re). sda | ot’ blo} IsnoloD sdi-oidw..qanoth I {dua oft 6 we bese Aslan syd chet agent 7 pail gp i a ‘s wsqqu aly ai Aomenrd, Y19 r daidtw) « of undT alot gqiey qu omeo tads eh | exonoilinaoeD adi ses baw -baalyad 02-21 to ebro.l ons ot botingas .2 to Ilan {hit « “pile ae dt flod ody of @enboog mi laups eaw ti sadds , o4, 2 ’ t oil) Yo Feces yadt ‘oda nave, gvnd gnistomn oi dtsow od tom bluow Ji ,boog yoaso) Asi sdt mi yab 2 500199 ow?) neft mom Joa a awodsl Aol an ti asuqemon IEo.ow stoi bas eqn souborq odds. sxodw quid oda ti esbilell . consiaqxd, Ilviow yd bauet aved I an ovil odw ow: tad, yatol ot bas 92ing ada diod grixeq ni gaol Yee ot diw ai baol esandoroM, ofl: -ebasir 4d, b asd -inods, ntorg oad Ww neg 19 sive yews yor 3 eaguauls Awelt gaishih od rite doodw losd bled. od adil caer e20a2 bag mnogu B9OMMOG ¢ fil & donee 02. artieg dasa 13 ptoad ye anommnua 6 yd baquusiniesw moiahevaes wO .mid mort ti * =, & sidgilq. yx9y).08 . «Si finisgs yloviattog ‘bslosb | | mt te gaibaad, a2 oved asm W oodw as | fi bib ow sedi ob .gringoM aida eavistenorls 1qaltaove t yben] adi to obam soT ane sW oT Mis fet : ° s ui too od? Yo esuneV ods and doidw pgasl ni) Yo Dw a _ biwee 2y.a8 ped 02 valdssargiib_ 300 68 A Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 force our Inclinations to quit the Ladys, we took a turn on the * Terrace walk, and difcourit upon quite a New Subject. The Colo. explain’d to me the difference betwixt the Galleons and the Flota, which very few People know. The Galleons, it feems, are the Ships which bring the Treafure and other Rich Merchandize to Carthagene from Portobel, to which place it is brought over Land, from Panarma & Peru. And the Flota is the Squadron that brings the Treafure, &c., from Mexico and New Spain, which make up at La Vera Cruz. Both thefe Squadrons rendezvous at the Havanna, from hence they fhoot | the Gulph of Florida, in their return to Old Spain. That this important Port of the Havanna is very poorly fortify’d, and worfe garrifon’d & provided, for which reafon it may be eafily taken. Befides, both the Galleons and Flota, being confin’d to Sail thro’ the gulph, might be intercepted by our Stationing a Squadron of Men of War at the moft convenient of the Ba- hama Iflands. And that thofe [flands are of vait confequence for that purpofe. He told me alfo that the aflogue Ships are they that carry QuickSilver to Portobello and La Vera Cruz, to refine the Silver, and that, in Spanifh, aflogue fignifys Quick- filver. Then my Friend unriddled to me the great myftery, why we have endured all the late Infolences of the Spaniards fotamely. The Affiento Contract, and the Liberty of fending a Ship every Year to the Spanifh Weft Indies, make it very neceflary for the South Sea Company to have Effects of great Value in that part of the World. Now thefe being always in the Power of the Spaniards, make the DireCtors of that Com- pany very fearful of a Breach, and confequently very generous in their offers to the Miniftry to prevent it. For fear thefe worthy Gentlemen fhou’d Suffer, the Englifh Squadron, under Admiral Hofier, lay Idle at the Baftimentos, till the Ships’ Bot- toms were eaten out by the Worm, and the Officers and Men, to the number of 5000, dyed like Rotten fheep, without being veer oid wort * | bas efioallse) only. ox si ,etostiney’ od'T + es sia doi8 swilte -bna ouiesrT salt gritd nae 1 18 2m98) #i ti analq doidwo) adeno soit snogedneD. ot ssibniad: ot ei molt ods baA ) ure B sotenel mot (baal Vo 3 ao bas ooixoM mod <0 SwteorT odzegaind ser nosbawp2 oft siods doo .2uxD gioV add ae qu salem doirteijeiing Sg eh rood} yods soned mot yaameveHt ont 18 eeovssheey’ entibaupa Se eid) ved T .sting2 blOves nator tied sh ebinol D Yo: qh odd” vo OS bas ,b'ylinet ylrooq: yIsv a sonavaH git te tol saRthagei” yea a vlilso od yer si n@lae Hyidwsot ;bobiverq a b'nelinnag show” ad . of barnes gaied esol, bere anoslled, odd, (Rod abit nodes ee ll & gninostatd wo yd) bemoan od rdyin dighig: od} ta 4 ean cf axl? Yo sasinovios Rear ods 1s TW Yor nel. 16 onbabpe soneupsinos divv to on @bemAl Aodd sods baa eb Ce, ae giz eqiud@ sueolts’ ods serld dite om blor off doing’ rat 4k sui mo¥ etl bas olladore4 of rviigtow® yt sort) og igs -Joint) eytingit sugelts Minag?, iti aed bowie ody sais on * “pofyat tetig) or) om. of belbbinay basin ye ‘asdT voll ebisinsg? ot to esouslotal osal-ods He bewbas vad adnan a gaibad Yo ymedil oft bite BarmeD-omoihA dT | dials ae ake rev ai oakson 2sibal AoW diinegd ody of 80 pave gid . ls jnoxy to eBINA saved oF ynRqmoD sv@ fue oily tok yu: are # gi eyewle gniod ded: WoW bhoW od Yo ny aed nt suls¥- -10") ser Yo mioRati) od soleer | ebssinng? ‘orl? Yo ol ai a avorsisy vis ylinsupsinog brie dons # Yo, wig ys Y ,dlasd todd ist sol .2b-areveRy: ‘ot sitini ‘only 2 riot ni vobau ,norbaupe Milgad od asfve b'uotf | ofl ‘eqid? od His eormantiftndl sds a6olbl ng iol ‘bre aeRO: ods bain yet WF a yd we notes 31 gnisd anal baie nonoA aia) 0 isdn al “A Progrefs to the Mines. 69 fuffer’d, by the Strifteft Orders, to Strike one Stroke, tho’ they might have taken both the Flota and Galleons, and made themfelves Mafters of the Havanna into the Bargain, if they had not been chain’d up from doing it. All this Moderation, our peaceable Miniftry fhew’d even at a time when the Spaniards were furioufly attacqing Gibraltar, and taking all the Englith Ships they could, both in Europe and America, to the great and Everlafting Reproach of the Britifh Nation. That fome of the Miniftry, being tired out with the Clamours of the Mer-_ chants, declared their Opinion for War, and while they enter- tain’d thofe Sentiments they pitch’t upon him, Colo. Spotfivood, to be Governor of Jamaica, that by his Skill and Experience in the Art Military, they might be the better able to execute their defign of taking the Havanna. But the Courage of thefe worthy Patriots foon cool’d, and the Arguments-uf’d by the South Sea Directors, perfwaded them once again into more pacifick Meafures. When the Scheme was drop’t, His Govern- ment of Jamaica was drop’t at the fame time, and then General Hunter was judg’d fit enough to rule that Ifland in time of peace. After this the Colo. endeavour’d to convince me that he came fairly by his Place of PoftMafter-General, notwith- ftanding the Report of fome Evil difpof’d perfons to the Con- trary. The cafe was this, Mr. Hamilton, of New Jerfey, who had formerly had that Poft, wrote to Colo. Spotfwood, in England, to favour him with his Intereft to get it reftor’d to him. But the Colo. confidering wifely that Charity began at Home, inftead of getting the Place for Hamilton, fecured it for a better Friend: tho’, as he tells the Story, that Gentleman was abfolutely refuf’d, before he fpoke the leaft good word for himielf. This being the day appointed for my departure from hence, I , pack’t up my Effeéts in good time; but the lad’ys, whose dear compan’ys we were to have to the Mines, were a little tedious 1732 Od, youd) ti .wimgandl, ws Satei nonsvalH : yore | dioesbol eid IA) i gaieb mod qu biniada:a . . abrainng? sa nodW omit ¢ is nave vad lin dai te “—- Milyn A os the gaider bax crated yoiponnia yuck aw brs tno1g os of potemA bar sqow’ ai diod chluo> yodt aqid@ jo omel mdT) sobs disivl ont Yo tose S -gaifishayal ~0M 9od3 Yo eamomelD sly diiw tuo bodegaied poitiniM ons -rosar yor stinky ten FF wt aoinigQ riedy berslosh ined boowlagé .oloD .mid coqu tosity yoda eingsmitnee Sods bidins i sonoiioqxdl bee ffisle aid yd ted} aries. Yo romaveD od of jiods oty20x9 onoldereted st sd tdyicct yard pyre nA ods Stas to -sgewoD ods mw .enasveH oda) gritsate. mpileb oly yd “bw: angsty A oil bets b'loor nook arate yilnow ‘iom otal “hinge Sono mod) bobewheq 210Ror1iC 292 dsuoe ~vievow 2iH .qoh asw omodsd oft nad V7 este donioag — imeneD asda baw omit out offs se Igqorb exwrasinnd Qo tnom Yo orca i bush ame olt of eigueas! ya b‘ypbuj’ zave ren ted) ort sonivitos ot b'wwevacbas .oloD odd eidyrsitAy isoReq adiwion tmsasDwiel fel to soelV-eid: yd yh Simso od -00 of3 03 encheq b tegtib liv saab to st0qo Monde gnibash — oflw sho wef ‘to. .oslimsH cM ide eaw Seo oT yet ? i -boowhogé .oloD or storw el oeds bed xhomaot bed of brefte: tog of dent eid chiw aid moved or ,baslgad 7 22 negod yiinedD reds yRtiw gaibiaor ole sdyioh sid 16t 2) bowos) ,noslionsH ret sont} odd Btitie9 jo basoftab omoH y i aw fem lanai wale sel odd inion ae: cod ne | aah seoilw pin ody ey ‘ween tye _ angibss olail a ovew oni odi om ay 70 4A Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 in their Equipment. However, we made a Shift to get into the O&. Coach by ten a’clock; but little Mafter, who is under no Go- bear cat vernment, would by all means go on Horfeback. Before we fet out | gave Mr. Ruffel the Trouble of diftributing a Piftole among the Servants, of which I fancy the Nurfe had a pretty good fhare, being no fmall Favorite. We drove over a fine Road to the Mines, which lye 13 Meafured Miles from the Germanna, each mile being mark’t diftinétly upon the Trees. The Colo. _has a great deal of Land in his Mine tra@ exceedingly barren, and the growth of ‘Trees upon it is hardly big enough for Coal- ing. However, the Treafure under Ground makes amends, and renders it worthy to be his Lady’s Jointure. We lighted at the Mines, which are a Mile nearer to Germanna than the Furnace. They raife abundance of Oar there, great part of which is very Rich. We. faw his Engineer blow it up after the following Manner. He drill’d a hole about 18 Inches deep, humouring the Situation of the Mine. When he had dryed it with a Rag faftened to a worm, he charged it with a Cartridge containing 4 Ounces of Powder, including the Priming. Then he ramm’d the Hole up with foft Stone to the very Mouth; after that he pierced thro’ all with an Iron called a Primer, which is taper and ends in a Sharp point. Into the hole the Primer makes the Priming is put, which is fired by a paper moiften’d with a Solu- tion of SaltPetre. And this burns leizurely enough, it feems, to give time for the Perfons concerned to retreat out of Harm’s way. All the Land hereabouts feems pav’d with Iron Oar; fo that there feems to be enough to feed a Furnace for many Ages. _From hence we proceeded to the Furnace, which is built of rough Stone, having been the firft of that kind erected in the Coun- try. It had not blown for Several Moons, the Colo. having taken off great part of his People to carry on his Air Furnace at Maffaponux. Here the Wheel that carry’d the Bellows was no more than 20 Feet Diameter ; but was an Overfhot Wheel -oD on whbaw zi ory ae | ow sidio .AosdsoHnatieg, @ | stohit s gaisudisfih Ie aduor'T. ott sda my g La isi 8 bad ohw) st goed Ddoider Joqeme brosl oni t9v0 avenb a WW .othevs'l heaton pine sonacrion sé), pent voli bouites lV. gt oyl doisie 2 tot. oloD of TP .zo0rT off mnogu yitiniitib salem pee ge wy, notind ylgnibesoxe eat anil eid sat bowl Yo Isob ites 0 or -[n0D 303 dguoas gid ylbopd 21 si. nogy aooiT to doworg od1 bag jn, gh bus .2bnome elec, bavoiw, nobaw, leo T odd payvewoHugai jg ie ve only 36 leteri sW .oxutaiol e'ybss aid ad a3 (drow a abate anusil ods ogils songemac) 02 91HpE oliM. 6.018 dpicdye eral, “a | cay 2b dois Yo, pang ama: 71903 182, to, ganabauds stim yt. Cha guiwollot odi) tafe qu) tt wold ipsnigad ai wad OW Sgn somud .qosb avdoal. By yuods lod)» bila oft , toned gs « dtiw di beg bad edoed Won ads Io noitentid ola p grinigiang jogbite) siti ti bogusro of now 6 03 bonadhet ‘ | b‘eastme, cx aod T agniniia, ots ginibulomi . wobwod, to, aes ik are | od setts wails ¢ diauoM! row orts, 02 snare Roh davw qu oloH edi, bas roger et doidwemial ¢ belles nor as dive is ‘onda baoraig, J ods zoskert somnin'l ad2, shod, oda otal ping queda ni 2bny -ulod = diiw biasftiom tageq syd bert 2tcdoidw aug a, peo om sere: amnest, ti, gues voaunsiol enaisd, zids baA ,gatoilee lonolts .6 e1sH te jo i901. 09, bagieaago anolis, oz 102. ori} sig 2, “eh 7:10. agal cain biveq amostaiwodaoasd yuvel Ala Hh bin. MP el .o 2g A pane tol costa Te best 02 dguons.sd | dguos to-aliud eitloidwy ono’ ol 03 bobsozox omciea -nvo2. off ‘ni bo fer9..baial tara, to, fina od nood, gnived 4s gnived Glod,.odt noo isrovoe. 1h awold joa. xe pa sical WAL gid 20 YFIB9,01,; intgen zi, ait enw 2wolledl oda, b'qrisp sed ood W/ ons o19oH lood WW tials Ae ennietts am ; engi 3 a nee ' AA Progrefs to the Mines. 71» that went with little Water. This was neceflary here, becaufe 1732 Water is fomething Scarce, notwithftanding tis fupply’d by 2 Oct. Streams, One of which is conveyed 1g00 Feet thro’ wooden a the” Pipes, and the other 60. “The Name of the Founder employed at prefent is one Godfrey, of the Kingdom of Ireland, whofe Wages are 3/6 @ Tun for all the Iron he runs, and his provi- fions. This Man told me that the beft Wood for Coaling is red Oak. He Complain’d that the Colo. Starves his Works out of Whimficalness and Frugality, endeavouring to do every thing with his own people, and at the fame time taking them off upon every Vagary that comes into his Head. Here the Cole carts difcharge their Load at folding Doors, made at the Bot- tom, which is fooner done, and Shatters the cole lefs. “hey carry no more than 110 Bufhels. The Colo. advifed me by all means to have the coal made on the fame fide of the River with the Furnace, not only to avoid the Charge of Boating and Baggs, but likewife to avoid breaking of the coals, and making them lefs fit for ufe. Having pick’t the Bones of a Surloin of Beef, we took leave of the Ladys, and rode together about 5 Miles, where the Roads parted. The Colo. took that to Maflaponux, which is 15 Miles from his Furnace, and very level, and I that to Frederickfburgh, which cant be lefs than 20, I was a little - benighted, and fhould not have feen my way, if the Lightening, which flafh’t continually in my Face, had not befriended me. I got about feven a’clock to Colonel Harry Willis’s, a little moiften’'d with the Rain; but a Glafs of good Wine kept my Pores open, and prevented all Rheurms and Defluxions for that time. I was oblig’d to rife Early here, that I might not ftarve my 4 Landlord, whofe conftitution requires him to Swallow a Beef- Steak before the Sun bleffes the World with its genial Rays. How- ever, he was fo complaifant as to bear the gnawing of his Stomach, till 8 a’Clock for my Sake. Colo. Waller, after a Score of loud Bi. peo maar aid "7 IM nboow Tat eben send ‘and dielwr Yo hoyolqmrs mbaiel sho oma odT ileal Storw ebloreai asdy worl to av T odt os wih ai aan AA Progrefs to the Mines. vig The Furnace is built on a Run, which difcharges its waters into Potomeck. And when the Iron is caft, they Cart it about 6 ‘Miles to a Landing on that River. Befides Mr. Wafhington and Mr. England, there are feveral other Perfons, in England, concerned in thefe Works. Matters are very well managed there, and no Expence is {pared to make them profitable, which is not the cafe in the works I have already mention’d. Mr. England can neither write nor read; but without thofe helps, is fo well fkill’d in Iron works, that he dont only carry on this Furnace, but has likewife the Chief Management of the Works at Principia, at the head of the Bay, where they have alfo erected a Forge & make very good Bar Iron. Colo. Willis had built a Flue to try all forts of Oar in, which was contriv’d aiter the following manner. It was built of Stone 4 foot Square with an Iron grate fixed in the Middle of it for the Fire to lye upon. It was open at the Bottom, to give a free paflage to the Air up to the Grate. Above the Grate was another Opening that carry’d the Smoke intoachimney. This makes a Draught upward, and the fire Rarifying the air below, makes another draught underneath, which caufes the fire to burn very fiercely, and Melt any Oar in the Crucibles that are fet upon the Fire. This was erected by a Mafon call’d Taylor, who told me he built the Furnace at Frederickville, and came in for that purpofe at 3/6 a day, to be paid Him from the time he left his Houfe in Gloucefterfhire, to the time he returned thither again, unlefs he chofe rather to remain in Virginia after he had done his Work. It happen’d to be Court day here, but the Rain hinder’d all but the moft quarrelfome People from coming. "The Colo. brought 3 of his Brother Juftices to dine with us, namely, John Taliefero, Majr Lightfoot, & Captain Green, and in the Even- ing Parfon Kenner edify’d us with his Company, who left this Parifh for a better, without any regard to the poor Souls he had: half faved, of the Flock he abandon’d. i . P7232 Oc. boganam Haw yey ste esl) cabhoW Sle ni btaanaa pninsq® yothorts ese oi) oils evedA) sitet odd of qu 1A | ni Heol eid Ret od seid off) ott adi bingy od on pyab's Tg 32 “ | ho aid snob’ bid of teste’ sinigi'V ni nigins 69 -asdaer dtodls tud Ife b'tsbaid nicM oft wd sted yab tod odor biaqqad a1 ey ilar ime ndciy donde aww ~~ 3 tuods si rin) -yodka! Me ab nongiifhie Ww aM white owl 4 biislgad ni 2ndhet site ferevst om, doirtw sldamtorg" mods Aven 03 boxnqh zi cM .b‘aoitnon Ybesle over DP eahiow adi ni Byes spit a #i ula Storr mwodtiw gud ; best tom asirw toddion is> baslgnd | oh aids no yrisd ylno taob of onda eakow nok ni BU Mow of b alioW ody lo sesetggene ToidtD ods Rierelil endiayd soenw dis svat yodd Sisdiw pyatl ory YW beod odd ae psigioninl 3s ailiW .oloD nord inl beog yaw ‘salen 38) ognoD a beer b*vinnoo eaw déidwr ai 1eO Yo enol tages sul eithed bad wipe toot \ SHI Re atind cow al) sega -gitivollet oul? tite oy O3 out only 1OP H to albbiM on nt -boxit sini now ee iw ait ‘2 anette soft s¥iy of nonoll silt ts noqoeew she .wqu ifgumCl s ester ef syoenisls weal some ode ‘b‘yriso dads wodiote edna -woled aig orf gains sa ‘sd3 bre ybrewqu cyisoiah yrow mud of eal edt eatusa doiilw\ digsnashaw tdgumb oT of) noque 19) oe ghels eoldiowr Doel ati mOyns th bas of om blorodw olyrT bile acts a yd! boRew) enw eid T : Stoqiug tecf 10 ni oitieo bas llivasivoher4 te soenw Dede ahind >i of Aoitu mings todvidy bonwier of orniy od of ,otieheitsovolD jdguord .ol6D sft! iaeth dara aa Hot o(omsn au! dw! stb’ o9 esitul, “aedso7 “svt Salt ni bne , Ree 3) hinge? 2B se mt lily Hot ony eauginioD’ ‘aid div aw b*Aib gai bed of aloo? "ony was a sorlsiwe 7 4. A Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 The Sun rifing very bright, invited me to leave this Infant Oct. 4. City ; accordingly, about ten, I took leave of my Hofpitable Landlord, and perfuaded parfon Kenner to be my Guide to Mafiaponux, lying 5 Miles off, where I had agreed to meet Colo. Spotfwood. We arriv’d there about 12, and found it a very pleafant and commodious Plantation. "The Colo. receiv’d us with open Arms, and carry’d us directly to his Air Furnace, which is a very ingenious and profitable contrivance. The ufe of it is to melt his Sow Iron, in Order to caft it into fundry Utenfils, fuch as Backs for Chimneys, Andirons, Fenders, Plates for Hearths, Pots, Mortars, Rollers for Gardeners, Skil- lets, Boxes for Cart Wheels; and many other things, which, one with another, can be afforded at 20/a Tun, and deliver’d at People’s own Homes. And, being caft from the Sow Iron, are much better than thofe which come from England, which are caft immediately from the Oar for the moft part. Mr. Flowry is the Artift that direted the Building of this Ingenious Structure, which is contrived after this Manner. There is an Opening about a foot Square for the frefh Air to pafs thro’ from without. This leads up to an Iron Grate that holds about half a Bufthel of Sea Coal, and is about 6 foot higher than the open- ing. When the Fire is kindled, it rarifys the Air in fuch a Manner as to make a very ftrong Draught from without. About too foot above the Grate is a hole that leads into a kind of Oven, the Floor of which is laid Shelving towards the Mouth. In the Middle of this Oven, on one Side, is another hole that leads into the Funnel of a Chimney, about 40 foot high. The Smoak mounts up this way, drawing the Flame after it with fo much force, that in lefs than an hour it melts the Sows of Iron that are thruft towards the upper end of the Oven. As the Mettal melts it runs towards the Mouth into a hollow place, out of which the Potter lades it in Iron Ladles, in order to pour it into the Several Moulds juft by. The Mouth of the Oven is astal zi: evealo1 om -botivel, ye idesihoH! un) to. ToL aaa oaediatl 1 sbivd) yum od ox sempal) dling: Shalt hy som 0} heaige: bad f ssi fo. call Mg vite Sa ti bauet bas ot mode gmtle bivien oW » praberers ook ‘yis001 ole oT. .xontemald evoibommes bas mieolg qv sos iA eid o7 yieribew by hak omAneqo shiz ae) a ‘ luodT sonsvinines sidelorm bua quoinagni yiov 8 ef doidwe . abut oan si iso. of taba ai ,torl wo? eid slom ot (ai sito ay miabasd yanonibnA agony) i¢h satoall en dou, lien own {ike ionabapo wi evflledl sianol. .210C ,ednsokl aot esl TD doidw ,egitids torso yopem baw ; elood V7 xe, x0¥ goxoll, oporsenne - ‘vileb bua cul o oe Je bobvelis od) neo yredions mabey aol wee odd eno flea peta ehh eon, nwo e'siqcst 3a: oictwr, beentou: oF nroit sone: daithe. Rody, wadd iodied: dover ome ae M .naq font, ods. st 20) ods choi ylotsibement Red ome + it agitl zidy to yaiblivd ade boob mda digA ods et eae is ei ied YT stsaanhi eds atte bevrinoa et doudw whim a rot ‘oud: Aled or 1A loth ody sot oisupéd tool stueds gringo fod quad? eblod days gaat ewed ct 07 qu ebask ait Eh auodive ny wa nego six ands vdyid soot @ geoda zi bon (IsoD sed to focluth at. . hoe , dot ai tA. oft eylines, 3 bolbard, zi, st oda nadie geet HH) A ad vot A. wodsive moi tiguav] guowfh ways cde oessiietle Bud Ag o baid g& oti ebsol aeds. clod a» ai oieakd, oft eeade dooh pete 1? oe dwolf dt abiswot gnivlodé biel at daidw, Io pees enesaaah na ‘Aa sca slod asdtons 2 2bie eno no wiovQ. aids Yo olbbiMesdsnk Goo. 7 ie AT .dgid yoot of suods yyemmidD « to loanyl. ons oak ebeako > a, a ? : A dtiw tirottie ommol 1, ols grows Lee vids que esenomn wari ne iol to. awed ort eifoen 31, wed. ae aged Mol ai teda o Der fy 2A). waevO) sdf to hed 2oqqu.sdr vi yield ot 4 9 le wollod & oj danol¥ add ehrmwos enw gi ifs b wed oF igh th eolbel now fi 2 eobal- 4 ody i navO ods to dive of D ad _ bhi 44 Progrefs to the Mines. re Stopt clofe with a Moveable ftone Shutter, which he removes 1732 fo foon as he perceives, thro’ the peep holes, that the Iron is Oct. melted. The infide of the Oven is lined with foft Bricks, made of Sturbridge or Windfor Clay, becaufe no other will endure the intenfe heat of the Fire. And over the Floor of the Oven they ftrew fand taken from the Land, and not from the Water fide. “Tnis Sand will melt the 2d Heat here, but that which they ufe in England will bear the fire 4 or 5 times. The Potter is alfo obliged to Plaifter over his Ladles with the fame Sand moiften’d, to fave them from melting. Here are 2 of thefe Air Furnaces in one Room, that fo in cafe one want repair, the other may work, they being exaCly of the fame Structure. The Chimneys and other outfide work of this building are of Free-Stone, raif’d near a Mile off, on the Colonel’s own land. And were built by his Servant, whole Name is Kerby, a very compleate Workman. This Man difdains to do any thing of rough work, even where neat is not required, left any one might fay hereafter, Kerby did it. The Potter was fo complaifant as to fhew me the whole Procefs, for which I paid him and the other Workmen my refpects in the moft agreeable way. There was a great deal of Ingenuity in the framing of the Moulds, wherein they caft the Several Utenfils, but without breaking them to pieces, I found there was no being let into that Secret. The Flakes of Iron that fall at the Mouth of the Oven are call’d Geets, which are melted over again. The Colo. told me, in my Ear, that Mr. Robert Cary, in England, was concerned with him, both in this and his other Iron works, not only to help fupport the Charge, but. | alfo to make Friends to the Undertaking at home. His Honour has fettled his Coufin, Mr. Greame, here as PoftMafter, with a Salary of £60 a Year, to reward Him for having ruin’d his Eftate while he was abfent. _Juft by the Air Furnace ftands a very Subftantial Wharf, clofe to which any Veffel may ride in £0 zovamon od) doiday,, O ei noal ods tad cole gp, a on “Ther wetter: . etl Fo r00FT only rove bel aetats Telen Inew ono siso nh a weds noo A one-mh esoeos aA) ded3 Qo oa eid Toner sinelgmro? IOV B ediow a ons yr ae at taon. stonw ave. how dguor ‘Yo gaits ye ob of anishlib ‘g dT 41 bib yr prodtexond vat sdgion ono yns Aol) bap Ja bag vida ni dtod nid chiw boawenes ‘esw ,b wd eoiidk. ods niogge qld of ylmo, ton’ ye ex "ia e ekond Ao driv Ba Peat “wlbai art} mont ion hee baad one mow nese seamen a rd? youd orsd-deeHl be’ ons. sloom iw ‘basd 2d T:, obi reW “a esis 2 10 p sit ods teed Hiw baglgad. ni, de yods dotiiw os od) diwvotbed aid vo ahisiT op bsgilde Ms-ebagiod oT s wes Jgniiloie moi mods oyster bution basé aml af ome oft To ylexe gaiod yodr shoow xem. x9dto ody tigqet aid? to sarow sbittwo t9di0 bas eyscmidD ofT ~reond silt dios ot. am apn. bee: noigeoor'L Jo: ‘os gnibliud dodw nevis? gd: yd slind sow be A +) bash swe ja boaoloD so! glvooTl slodw oft oem wod) 03 es tamisiqmoa oh enw re204 oft ni efdodtor yim aeiictto W xadio-efa bas enid bing ee niywinngend Yo Leah: tay. 6 eAW, ott. yew | ised ods feo, yade nisiodw eblaoM adi to ak oe sreds banot 1 2oo0iq ot siads. gaileind scodtiw adlina at Het salt aol Yo gods of T sto1298 isda oani Jol gaied on eae a bosloin one did) eee ee ome may O ada to dave odd 18 jd roo lV, sme ah yer “ni (oe blow, .oloD: od Ty, ahaa are a wonolt ei ocmad: idearinaieemmenesis basir'd adem o9 s thiw heMe® ep god: meni. aM, aio eid, polysot 2x eid b's gnived) sot iE. obriswanon ok a O02, Io yale b vbasit soem si ods xed Ail sds, Ts | oe sbix your ho V yaw doidw 01 lo ris a | 76 4A Progrefs to the Mines. 773? Oct Mbit 5 Safety. After fatisfying our Eyes with all thefe Sights, we Satisfy’d our Stomachs with a Surloin of Beef, and then the Parfon and I took leave of the Colo., and left our Blefling upon all his works. We took our way from thence to Major Woodford’s, 7 Miles off, who lives upon a high Hill that affords an extended Profpe&. On which Account tis dignify’d with the Name of Windfor. There we found Rachel Cocke, who ftayed with her Sifter fome time, that fhe might not lofe the ufe of her ‘Tongue in this lonely Place. We were receiv’d gracioufly, and the Evening was Spent in talking and toping, and then the Parfon and I were conducted to the fame Apart- ment, the Houfe being not yet finifht. ‘The Parfon flept very peaceably, and gave me no difturbance, fo I rofe frefh in the Morning, and did Credit to the Air by eating a hearty Breakfaft. Then Major Woodford carry’d me to the houfe where he cuts Tobacco. He Manufaétures about 60 Hogfheads yearly, for which he gets after the Rate of 11 pence a Pound, and pays Himfelf liberally for his Trouble. The Tobacco he cuts is long Green, which, according to its name, bears a very long leaf, and confequently each Plant is heavyer than common Sweet-fcented or Townfend Tobacco. The worft of it is the Veins of the Leaf are very large, fo that it lofes its weight a good deal by Stemming. This kind of To- bacco is much the Fafhion in thefe parts, and Jonathan Forward (who has great Intereft here) gives a good price for it. This Sort the Major cuts up, and has a Man that performs it very handily. The Tobacco is itemm’d clean in the firft place, and then laid ftraight in a Box, and preff’d down hard by a prefs that gos with a Nut. This Box is fhov’d forward towards the Knife by a Screw, receiving its motion from a Treadle, that the Engineer {ets a-going with his Foot. Each Motion pufhes the Box the exaét length which the Tobacco ought to be of, ac- cording to the Saffron or oblong cut, which it feems yields one ee ae oe ee ‘ c ie . + ia Te LLS 8h ¢ ¢ e +k ods rors bas ett #6) jolie x tite 3 ‘oa ot alaiasaaie ahaa eh ody LIE dyid 2 nega rer ot 2 glib b'yllegib es’ anvootA) aiiiw iO ~ Badlor 20D fonon Sl baud ‘ow ‘siod'T cro ong Dol son thyin oe swirls conn ene oe 3a ‘toiw Bs b'vioxss stew oW onal ybenol etelt asap 9 $e cgtiqo) bre oniale ol theg® iow giimava ody" bas ¢ eideoks. -bunqih sau ot 09 se laanee steven 1: heh itil Sl al ae + adhe 29% 308 gitigd Stool Say anim“ . oomisdullib on om aveg ben vidaovasy view igo ‘ndhied oT i “a vd WA od? of sehbe1O bib Bag: jgcictoi Sd? AT ont sor DA 23 as eere by* (ris ese prs cl cago — edi ol sssesventih aba ines oa eand0T SAT ai ans dons ylsnoupsicteng! bre ‘hed’ phar to R ‘einad off | s ososdoT~ basinwo'T “16 beahedl-to%8 ‘nemmo3 ded? toyveod serla Od agnak yew ‘sae Taller to anion ony ti ito fhow off -oT Yo bail aidT oty chiéwor bisvewt btyved¥ ef ixoll eid” peti er 9 deel ee od: tefl olbext'T: 2 mon nenon pe agicn dstan ods enfin notolt dont ‘es “itl Aiiw -o8 jo od ot sdgivo ovonde’ ‘tne sgl sao ehlsiy enrootsi ido md 0 ROT “A Progrefs to the Mines. a7 penny in a Pound more at London than the Square Cut, tho’ at Briftol they are both of equal price. ‘The Man ftrikes down the Knife once at every Motion of the Screw, fo that his hand and foot keep exact pace with each other. After the Tobacco is cut in this Manner, tis Sifted firft thro’ a Sand Riddle, and then thro’ a Duft Riddle, till tis perfe@ly clean. Then tis put into a tight Hogfhead, and preft under the’ Nut, till it weighs about a Thoufand Neat. One Man performs all the work after the Tobacco is ftemm’d, fo that the Charge bears no pro- portion to the Profit. One confiderable Benefit from planting long Green Tobacco is, that tis much hardyer, and lefs Subject to fire than other fweet fcented, tho’ it fmells not altogether fo fragrant. I furpriz’d Mrs. Woodford in her Houfewifery in the meat-houfe, at which fhe bluth’d as if it had been a Sin. We all walkt about a Mile in the Woods, where I fhew’d them feveral ufeful Plants, and explained the Vertues of them. This _Exercife, and the fine Air we breath’d in, fharpen’d our appe- tites fo much that we had’ no mercy on a Ribb of Beef that came attended with Several other good things at dinner. In the afternoon, we tempted all the Family to go along with us to Major Ben. Robinfon’s, who lives on a high Hill, call’d Moon’s Mount, about 5 Miles off. Onthe Road we came to an Eminence, from whence we had a plain View of the Moun- - tains, which feem’d to be no more than 30 Miles from us, in a ftraicht line, tho’, to go by the Road, it was near double that diftance. The Sun had juft time to light us to our Journcy’s End, and the Major receiv’d us with his ufual good Humour. He has a very Induftrious wife, who has kept him from Sinking by the Weight of Gaming & Idlenefs. But he is now reform’d from thofe ruinous Qualities, and by the help of a Clerk’s place, in a Quarrelfome County, will foon be able to clear his old Scores. We drank exceeding good Cyder here, the juice of the White Apple, which made-us talkative till ten a’clock, go's - gi aeolo-o9 side*od mol Itiw se Reabe: Mh SW et -areed: iamdead 1: en biettuld od) doidwose: Sluod-seo8n "mods bowoik-T sisd hoo V¥ tla ti si s moda flaw ils ‘gid TT Lemetls 0 eons V oid bonisiqxe bas.,einalh lade tera , woqqn mo b ‘noqunalt ett britnord ow WA omit oft bas tisrexd “os senso gw beoM adenO . Ro ali @ modi: denote #nool ie ods 20D oveupal wt wim awob esdiifl neli-od Dy pioneer Load zid ands Gl pwn ont Yo ocuciieatane osoade’F odi voitA Yasdie: doses diiw edaq-Re ‘bas brie olbbil bas@ «Youle had boili2 sin: caasihiaanil wo ah jug v2 cod sanelo yl Bohioq 2a bis plbbih Awd. % ‘owda sods edviow 3 Lin iV od wabas thong bas .bsotigoH, migit_& oink show ody. hs aetidtieg ach cit Jno. bailuodT \« mods ~ox on sinod opted ads rads ot ,bimeash ei ovosdeT ads ‘waite yavnch moat thon: alderhitaes ea _ sito odz.02, noineq faojdu2 ciol baw soybind doum vit sala 2) ossedeT nse) gaol ot todisgoils tom elfen. si ‘ods beamed) tsowh asdio meds s28 02 | odd ni (rvliwstveH rod ai biotboo WE .2iM, b'siigud 1) amergait ted? nol to dda Wino ‘yougsnt on ‘bed ow seeks dower ‘penis al .somsih te epnida foog wdto levee daiw bobaste Sma au sbiw gnols og or yficns'l orf? fle besqine? ow enogayate ods b'lso JH dgid 2 no evil odw einoinided inal. wisM of -nuwohi oda lo wei¥ mialq-& bsd awsonedw mot jonst ce & tb yéu mon eli of medi som ont od? or b'arosh doidtw yen bie low He siqasl ym got o tocrtourn oh triogt doidw bid tard no ev9riewQ & ft taitaO sity no Rods to yas 94} oF suisiol on bed Ptedy jomtir yn edi Yo ono! ysbearD axed’ T frwostib I 'odT provid ods 2 “novi od) al Sasw eres wod Yen bor hai ortw ¢ OT orodw: (shdoED ata? eM Raiante Subaa gaihodgiue fits bel eid | que ca c bao s eothooed parit ‘Give ae! ayes 4 ° caine | cea, 80 AA Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 but fo foon as fhe learnt who I was, brighten’d up into an One. unufual cheerfulnefs and Serenity. She was a portly, handfome Dame, of the Family of Efau, and feem’d not to pine too much for the Death of her Hufband, who was of the Family of the Saracens. He left a Son by her, who has all the Strong Fea- tures of his Sire, not foften’d in the leaft by any of hers, fo that the mofl malicious of her Neighbours cant bring his Legi- timacy in Queftion, not even the Parfon’s Wife, whofe unruly Tongue, they fay, dont Spare even the Reverend Door, her Hufband. This Widow is a Perfon of a lively & cheerful Converfation, with much lefs Referve than mott of her Country- women. It becomes her very well, and fets off her other agreeable Qualities to Advantage. We toft off a Bottle of honeft Port, which we Relifht with a broil’d Chicken. At Nine I retir’d to my Devotions, And then Slept fo Sound that Fancy itfelf was Stupify’d, elfe I fhou’d have dreamt of my moft obliging Landlady. 8 I moiften’d my Clay with a Quart of Milk and Tea, which I found altogether as great as great a help to difcourfe as the Juice of the Grape. The courteous Widow invited me to reft myfelf there that good day, and go to Church with Her, but I excuf’d myfelf, by telling her fhe wou’d certainly f{poil my Devotion. Then fhe civilly entreated me to make her Houfe my Home whenever I vifited my Plantations, which made me bow low, and thank her very kindly. From thence I croft over to Shac- coe’s, and took Vhomas Tinfley for my guide, finding the Diftance about 15 Miles. I found every Body well at the Falls, blefled be God, tho’ the Bloody Flux raged pretty much in the Neighbourhood. Mr. Bocker had receiv’d a Letter the day before from Mrs. Byrd, giving an Account of great defola- tion made in our Neighbourhood, by the Death of Mr. Light- foot, Mrs. Soan, Capt. Gerald and Colo. Henry Harrifon. Finding the Flux had been fo fatal, I defired Mr. Booker to | snail a ad ae ray Ts olnt qu B'natlght os n Hod ot ud wciinel tea Jivoads taut , ‘foun cod oniq 6a son b'medt bast arth Yo-yli I ods on i ae 4d) to! yliena'h ort Yo-amie pple: donnie Hee to. of] vaile weedy L134 gnow® ads la-and lbw isd 0 inode Rok BED: senieamnelbee ch zisd Yo yns ys flesh ot al ies le ee -igat id gain sane awoddgioA wd Yow . font 4 viru Sodw iw atrial, ants ‘sade ti You od oRod: baviowell oi meio: ora axel su Qn0 | (itwedo & ylovil a te aed oe) ar wobtW edfT bard -yitivoD: 14 Ww oct agdierets TD del parlviph si toro rod Ro: edt: ae Sow siow tod) tomooed: IE \ianenow! ait. jo slo @ Ro. for ow ogercnvb A, 02) eoitiben | | a 3A teloidD-bliord » dit asihilodl awe sfoidve: ee Aeaod » om sr iia bawod ab yeyoh@s stadlt: heads. en08 a ath keen orbiter dani! % ie yer Qe prawanb avait whan re baa, enw Mobi: yoni wn \ vgbalbiiacl gaigitde Rom! 7 I doidw est bas 4M hee che yal yet b'eottions I) notion Tigi »siu| odd es Shuostib.oy qlods teorg- es dsoyglen’ rediogole hawt he Uidhun fies a1 sen basivead wohiW evosnioxed'T oqarD otttew a bYiuoxe Laud aol dbive eed 00: og bas gab’ boag sady onpde 4 ae noltowaL yea Hod): ~ylaigeiio: b’uow oll) yoek grillen yd Moh 7 Ae, smoH yen Sudhh rede odnee 0s oe bornexiep ‘ylbivioy aah Pt ewol wod sev obnm doidw ,2noinselt yar bavitiv: bafesirersei ti -oad@ 09 1976 flow T oneeds mov) ylbaid yew rod deeds bag. ony goibrr bing ym tot yar T gamed T° ssa at ; oft 16) lsweaybot yiove: bauekh BE weoliMs 21 su0ds: on oa doum xorg bogey Kall yhool ody: | ante? od bal od} weds -bivisoe had sodnotly am -cldlsb sn91g Yo inwoooh, ma yeti vig’ bryé “gid «li Yo dina oelsgd boodwwoddgint avo: i noir yeh tod ‘bas: rete ora 0 i leatad ih ‘bénilab t - 6 | Rape | Regime 4A Progrefs to the Mines. SI make ufe of the following Remedy, in cafe it fhow’d come 1732 among{ft my People. ‘To let them Blood immediately about 8 O&. Ounces; the next day to give them a Dofe of Indian Phyfic, 6. and to repeat the Vomit again the Day following, unlefs the Symptoms abated. In the mean time, they fhou’d eat nothing but Chicken Broth, and» Poacht Eggs, and drink nothing but a Quarter of a Pint of Milk boil’d with a Quart of Water, and Medicated with a little Mullein Root, or that of the prickly Pear, to reftore the Mucus of the Bowels, and heal the Exco- riation. At the fame time, I order’d him to communicate this Method to all the poor Neighbours, and efpecially to my Over- feers, with Stri& Orders to ufe it on the firft appearance of that Diftemper, becaufe in that, and all other Sharp Difeafes, Delays are very dangerous. I alfo inftruéted Mr. Booker in the way I had learnt of Blowing up the Rocks, which were now Drill’d pretty full of Holes, and he promifed to put it in Execution. After difcourfing ferioufly with the Father about my Affairs, I joked with the Daughter in the evening, and about § retired to my Caitle, and recollected all the Follys of the Day, the little I had learnt, and ftill lefs good I had done. My long Abfence made me long for the Domeftick Delights 9g of my own Family, for the Smiles of an Affectionate Wife, and the prattle of my Innocent Children. As foon as I fally’d out of my Caftle, I underftood that Colo. Carter’s Samm was come, by his Mafter’s leave, to fhew my people how to blow up the Rocks in the Canal. He pretended to great Skill in that matter, but perform’d very little, which however might be the Effect of Idlenefs rather than Ignorance. He came upon one of my Horfes, which he ty’d to a Tree at Shacoe’s, where the poor Animal kept a Faft of a Night anda day. Tho’ this Fellow workt very little at the Rocks, yet my Man, Argalus, ftoie his Trade, and perform’d as well as he. For this good turn, I order’d Mr. Samuel half a Piftole, all which he laid out M2 of 1, 9199 bivoufh stipe Pig 7 cc Wy & a 18 Sib Dra x yi ’ re | & aod ylossi . yr oid aribal Wipe p.amadld ovig 09 -) rpeoonwO oda Avinu eC ads aisge-simoV ode gmsqoy oF e. gnidzon ame BY yout am nao oft nl | .bosaday 7 ~~ B tud x cshieain dntinb. bas aod tdozoT: bne dbo nsadsidD dt bas 73s Yo siauQ a doiw b'liod otliM Yo anit ae yilving ods Yo ted? 30 Yoo aisliuM slail e driv Boestho ~o74A. 93 laod bas lawol ods YoeuowM ont etofisr of resT -19vO0 yin of ylleigagie bas etwaddgiol 100q ot die on bodiaM 12d) to soamiseqga Phu od 10 ti dhn-of erohiO Bin diw at0s eysioCl estat] quad sodv0 le bas sss of dumped pieqmoehid I yaw od3 ui agtooG: 1, befiufaicdile L 2versgnsb yay a1 bliin! won sew doidw ,zto0f sda que gniwolfl to tones! bed onusoxd at ttt 02 bRimoig al har psleH Yo ist yor i aisiA yn tide role odo caiw yluoind yatywostih >ihA o} boris 8 mods bas .grinoys odd ai rotdgueC ods dtcw bodol vil ods py sda to ayllol ods lis beolloos: bas SiizD yo .onob bed 1 boog étol Hit baw aertsel bad 1 atrgiloC] Joiftometd of? 101 gaol om sham sonndA gil yl i UW stenolfethA mw to zotimd eda tot liens wo ym ito b'yllst Les nodteA .neablidD omov0ndl ym to sinmq edt bas | cow mms 2198 .cloD 10d boolobay I sifizO-ym to tuo 7 wold o3 wad slqosq yen worl on veal esohteM aid yd omo2 . ai ide szo1g of bobasieg 9H |, .lensO oda nivedaoH odt qu od idgisn vayawod doidw ols yrev-b'michsq aud pomam Inds noqu ome oh] aanstongl neil? tedis1 Asnolbl to HoRA ols 7 o1odw 2's02ndéd je sorT « ot bigs od: Hoidve a vai heaped a eids ‘odT ..yebow bag agi, & to fel a 3q 3 ae @ulepA nell yom oy dood only an ol2tll: ks 82° A Progrefs to the Mines. 1732 witha New England Man for Rum, and made my Weaver and Od. Spinning Woman, who has the happinefs to be called his Wife, exceedingly drunk. ‘To punifh the Varlet for all thefe Pranks, I ordered him to be banifht from thence for ever, under the penalty of being whipt home, from Conftable to Conttable, if he prefum’d to come again. I left my Memorandums with Mr. Booker, of every thing I order’d to be done, and mounted my Horfe about ten, and in little more reacht Bermuda Hun- dred, and croft over to Colo. Carter’s. He, like an Induftrious Perfon, was gone to overfee his overfeers at North Wales, but his Lady was at home, and kept me till Supper time before we went to dinner. As foon as I had done Juttice to my Stomach, T made my honours to the good humour’d little Fairy, and made the beft of my way home, where I had the great Satisfaction to find all that was deareft to me in good health, nor had any difafter happen’d in the Family fince I went away. Some of the neighbours had Worm fevers, with all the Symptoms of the Bloody Flux; but, bleffed be God! their Diftempers gave way to proper Remedys. ny eee ee baw qoveo WT oye Shy UuWT zd belles od vei ane aod me nee ¥j idea6) of sisetatl mrt ,saad § dd amubasiores i een Rel 1. wings 2moo. on t : bainwom bar nob sd oi bebe 1 gaids yeve, Pe -nwH sbicerro ll nwt aoe sinil ua ine oth quoifubal crm ott oA ahvaruetD .loD ot 12¥0 Rona b sud ,2otaW dio oe ewe aid achieve 02 2093, 25% «A - ; ew siolod simir reqqué fig-om, net bas sti" to _eamioang oT idiitinadihad a7 ‘ ooV medio od Yo em ot U0 ysl eyr onnA * a: he AE eatin mg em a MAU PN el EN eS ths en set fame Se vhisolo yrov towed? ebxwol mais W od: forgxe to montevor) e*yitsjaM eid noewied Sow eyhsvonmeD Leewiat doidw baal rt sme egat Al ont ni boslti ow enemys 0 Oe soogA eid bas Jerk) eid nidtiw od of bobnodaiqgs gidtbro.t gid a e‘oniAA ods doidw ebasd asdao bommerg stiwodil mel sisdt no Ai AedT .yfsja. ett of b'gnoled eviseno> bib aronmv0 bomiotnt griod erbiiaL . bad ods ead YIsvs. gaitssrona eoluq ansteT eid Yo ebawell ond ovad of 2morileh yrov amy, dosed? qitltbro. ] ait Ce AS, my oth fi sioteids base bala ylsna ¥itojsM 2id sels gaiyeq efoje zid canoisiieT & beinaiing . qlieluoineg oro raoqas Iiw moitited sea er , se uc mi ~ HonwoD ni Wn te oid Ye rf ‘ 4. i i) a9 es as Vi ; ‘ie L Shes i fit ce” OS. Cie tig eee 1736 Sept. 84 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay At the Court at St James’s the 29" of November 1733. Prefent. The King’s moft Excellent Majefty in Council. Whereas Thomas Lord Fairfax hath by Petition at this Board, humbly reprefented, that under Letters Patents granted to the Petitioner’s Anceftors by King Charles the Second, bearing date, the ‘*\ day of May in the one and twentieth of his Reign, and alfo by King James the Second, bearing date the 27" of September in the 4" year of his Reign, the Petitioner is intituled to the Fee Simple and Inheritance, of all that intire Tra&, Territory, or Parcel of Land, fituate in Virginia in America, and bounded by and within the firft Heads or Springs of the Rivers Tappahanock, alias Rappahanock, & Quireough, alias Potomack & by the Courfes of the faid Rivers from their faid firft Heads or Springs (as they are commonly called or known by the Inhabitants & Difcriptions of thofe parts) and the Bay of Chefapeyock, together with the faid Rivers them- felves, and all the Iflands within the outermoft Banks thereof and the Soil of all and Singular the Premifes, and all Lands, Woods, Underwoods, Timber, Waters, Rivers, Havens, Ports, Harbours, Creeks, Ferrys, Advowfons, Royalties, Heredita- ments, and fo forth whatfoever, that not withftanding the Peti- tioner’s Right to the Tract of Land under the faid Grants, Several Difputes have arifen between His Majefty’s Governor and Council of the Province of Virginia, & the Petitioners Agents touching the Boundarys thereof, and the faid Governor and Council have from time to time Actually taken upon them to iffue Grants of divers parcels of Land, part of the Petitioners faid Tract, and have run out Surveys of other Parcels of Land, altho’ the fame, as the Petitioner apprehends, and is advif?d, were clearly within the Bounds of his faid Traé&t, For remedy whereof for the Future, and in order to fettle the Boundaries of the Petitioners faid Tra& or Diftria&, between his Majefty’s Province of Virginia, and the Petitioner, he moft humbly pray’d, Inbouil bas sao oly al ol ‘e yah o visb gnitsed , bros oily exieia|, gai A ad dl ts mre ait Io re rosoivise! od gio A gh te tay ”y. Deke | o1isni isd He to ,s2nsshedal bas siqmié o9% ods oF bolutiont ah ni sinigiV ai sisuait, baad to looks yioneT Berk | - ggninga 10 ebsoH fiA oti nidtiw ban yd bebavod bas sohomA 7 gues % aloousdagge A snils oonsdaggeT ni a ‘vnc ey riod? moit evil bid ode Yo edtsuoD oda yd B Aosmoio" @ , 10 bollea Yinommos aie'yodd en) egning2 10- ebasH. Dai bus (ating slodz Yo anolgndti, % avistidedal ai} yd swon -rmods exis bist ot datw yealtsgos ooyaqiied) to ys Yooted) 2dae@ flomiaiwe git aidiiw ebashl ods Us ‘baw woul ebnsil [in bre 2dtimonh ode welsgni2 bee He Go: lied odd hae} enol 2ooveH 2rovid ema odiaiT hoowrtobal abooW -stibarsH ) ,eviale yo eadbnobeé 2a: gist | modal -i2941 ods gnibnafidsiw ton, seh avocherby dot o} baw amie: ash wre bid oda. tobaw bagul Yo Part odd ov itigil e‘renott ye, soniavoO) e‘yiejaM aH asewied attne sved-estugiCl levee nonoiiis sd2 & pe ybomnor wa. ,AaiT. biat aid Yo ebavoll, ada aidlsivr lusts srw eae 2siebauedl os slgadton, tbo ai bas youu oda efojsM. 2id noowted dif 10 BerT. bid pono: eb’ yaIq yldmud ftom od ~anouiie tl od? bas, out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 85 that his Majefty would be gracioufly pleafed, to order a Com- 1736 miffion to iffure, for running out, marking and afcertaining the Sept. Bounds of the Petitioners faid Tra&t, or Diftri&t of Land, agreeable to the Difcription thereof, as exprefl’d, & contain’d in the faid feveral Grants from the Crown, & that His Majefty would be pleaf’d to name, or caufed to be named, fuch a Num- ber of Commiffioners for that purpofe for the faid Province of Virginia as his Majefty fhould think proper, to be joined with an equal number of Commiffioners on the Petitioners behalf, and that the faid Boundary Lines of the faid Province of Vir- ginia fo far as the fame Affect or concern the Petitioners faid Tract of Land, and alfo the Boundary Lines of the Petitioners faid “Tract or Diftritt of Land, may be furvey’d, run out and mark’t within a reafonable time to be limitted for that purpofe, and in cafe the faid Boundary Lines fhall not be run, fettled and afcertained within the time to be fo limitted as aforefaid, that then His Majefty would be pleaf’d to hear the Petitioner by his Council on the Premifes, and to give fuch order and make fuch Determination concerning the fame, as to His Majefty in his great Wifdom fhou’d feem meet, and that his Majeftys Governor of the Province of Virginia, might be directed and and prohibited from making Grants of any Lands lying within the Boundarys infifted by the Petitioner or his faid Agent or Attorney to belong to the Petitioner under the faid Grant from the Crown, untill the faid Boundary Lines fhall be fettled and afcertain’d as aforefaid. His Majefty in Council was this day pleaf’d to take the faid Petition into His Royal Con- fideration, together with the Opinion of a Committee of his privy Council, and of the Lords Commiffioners for Vrade and Plantations thereupon, And is hereby pleafed to Order, that the Lieutenant Governor of the Province of Virginia fhall nominate three, or more Commiilioners (not exceeding Five) who in conjunction with a like Number to be named and Deputed by ‘od | gainisroNe bite | £6 ee! te b'nieinos % bisa ‘eh Aonads ae i r bs so nua ,b youl od yen .basd to BAA to ‘fiexT bia od idgier Sing ve Yo sonivord of} Io tontevoD! eqftojsM * aeitindin fled sinigiiV ” Yo sonivorl ads Yo * oma pre | “nl odw (avi gnibsoox> oe tort | | yd: besugetl bs ‘bite bomen inetd Yo Pinehicl “gre bh 4 vihojel iY sadly vot) oid mot tame T See © -muvt % oud bomen od ot baugo 10 ors ere wer Yo sonivord bid oft 20 shoquag rer? 463 diiw bortiot od e2 fieqoiq anid) bluodl ysis porate lsdod 2ranoisie4 sis no eendMimmoD Yo tsdenin Ikup? ne “iV ‘td-sonivord ‘bid aul lo teak yuabnwoll bid ede sedi baw bis) evsnoisiaT Silt wrsdno> 10 BORA! ‘grad Sd3-ab ALO) sinkg arsnoiiioT of} YW esat.l vixbavoll ody oils bas baad Io BerT a. loguig ject tot bestient! odo} omnis oldaadhagy s.niiaiw Aun bots tut od Jone ‘Tae eon ebro bid oft Sed (ai bas bistaols es borate Gi od oF omit oil vids bonittrente bas. | vonoititod oft “aBadl O8 Besley od bivow yfojs «iif nods dda bas ishio dil ovig of be .2ttimerT odd’ no lisnuoD eid yd 2iF ot en get oi guinionod noPuninsted da solemn aid sedi bos eon mos} b‘vorll mobili W sow ‘eid ai agejaM hast yas Yo emai gnidem moti betididerq baw bag baforib bist 2 10 r9nobis™ oes yd boftiini ayinbawol oy nithiw gniyl =~ biat erly tobnw ran0itieD Ses a} gioled or yomonA 20 inogA od ‘Indl eani sbavetl bial orf? Mite JaworD ody mo tam = zew lionuoD ni vos Pa .bidistote as binismetiabne bola ~00D leo aH tat noite ‘bist sdi sled 09 b"leolq yab eicts aid Yo sosjimmoD 6 to notaig®) sila’ ditw ‘Torbtogor | bak vbatt “sof ershoitich rio) abio¥ silt to bas Sissons ods suits’ obi o} bStkolq’ dood ai baA aogier: ay he ai 86 Proceedings of the Commuiffioners to Lay 1736 the Lord Fairfax; are to furvey & fettle the marks and Bounda- Sept. ries of the faid Diftri@ of Land agreeable to the ‘Terms of the Patents under which the Lord Fairfax claims, within the Space of two years after the arrival of this order. And his Majeity is further pleaf’d to order, that in the mean time the faid Lieu- tenant Governor of Virginia do not prefume to make any Grants of Lands within the abovemention’d Trad. JAamMEs VERNON, In Obedience to the above order of his Majefty in Council (which the Lord Fairfax brought over to Virginia himfelf, but did not think fit to produce it to the Governor til more than 2 years after the Date thereof) his Honour William Gooch Efq, — was pleaf’d to iffue the following Commiilion to William Byrd, John Robinfon and John Grymes Efg® , William Gooch Efq', His Majefty’s Lieut Governor and Commander in Cheif of the Colony and Dominion of © Virginia, To whom thefe prefents fhall come Greeting. Whereas the Right Honorable Thomas Lord Fairfax by his Petition to his Majefty in his Privy Council, hath humbly reprefented, that under Letters Patents granted to his Anceftors, by King Charles the Second on the Eighth day of May in the 21* Year of his Reign, and by King James the Second, bearing date the Twenty Seventh day of September in the fourth Year of his Reign, he the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax is entituled to the Fee-Simple and Inheritance of all that intire Traét, Ter- ritory, or Parcel of Land, fituate in Virginia in America, and bounded by and within the firft Heads, or Springs of the Rivers Tappahancck, alias Rappahanock, and Quireouch, alias. Pota- mack, the courfes of the faid Rivers from their faid firft Heads or Springs (as they are commonly called or known by the Inhabitants, and defcription of thofe Parts) and the Bay of xed avy ~cbanod bas @ eds a ods ‘to Pore a ons . woaq2 ond sislsivy.geeth — viaje aid bo A 8 19 a onr12) -yoil bis ods ois ao adv ai ses etab1o.01 BF inst yrs olen of smnitong Jon ob cing oo Pte Semone ee “onaaY ramal ? to. 2: 4y Sle shai Suny os HonwoD ni afloat si tabro an ia sonvibdO nk’ sud Udhnid sinigi'Y of awe tdguord: xsttis'd bod: ods doidw) _ ' 2a © ned stom lit 19n9voRIusd? o9 ti soubouy ot 32 snide 360 ‘bibs of iad dooow ‘nasil W wonol 2id (loomed) sisCQ oils ratte SIRY wes 7 bra milli W703 nolfieamoed yaiwollot ody sufi os biesigenw 9 MBE om D adol hes adiaido A atol, bre a ae bis wersvoW ‘woik’s ay Rajah eit pa dseot) encsill VT wT wi to nolaimo( bas adteD sai Yo lied Dd ai sobnemmoD 7 iol ; grit) smo> Ter is Sass cod oT sini “dk rane sid yd xain'l bro encod sidmonol adgifl bi eared Wy iden died disauoD win gid ni yiojsM | ot noitited, ; pars zid or boinsig adooaed sotto sobesus pe shaiggr odi ni yal to yeb dadgidl eM m0 bagged od ashadd, apnik gnixssd -baosse ont somal, grist yd bar gio eid Yon oa 129Y drwot odd ai rad m21q22, to, yab. diasv92 pip a on belusiiag, i xstrisd biol, epueek el aT aT suai uit | Ile. 0 98 “is oi Yo pee We abe: re | ~£90 » asils ere. te bon Aa ori aa et 10. th to yell dz bas ( ue out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 87 Chefapeak, together with the Rivers themfelves, and all the 1736 Iflands within the outermoft Banks thereof. And further repre- Sept. fented to his Majefty, that feveral Difputes have arifen, touching the Boundarys of the faid Territory, and thereupon did humbly Supplicate his Majefty that for fettleing the Boundaries of the Petitioners faid Traét, his Majefty would be pleaf’d to order a Commiffion to iflue, and for running, marking and Afcertaining the Bounds of the Petitioners faid Tract or Diftri& of Land, agreeable to the Defcription thereof, as exprefled and contain’d in the faid Grants thereof from the Crown, as in and by the faid Petition (amongft other things) is more at large contain’d, And whereas his Majefty upon Confideration of the faid Peti- tion, hath been gracioufly pleaf’d by order in his privy Council,” bearing Date the 29" day of November 1733, to dire&t me to nominate three or more Commiffioners (not exceeding five) who in Conjunction with the like Number to be named and deputed by the faid Lord Fairfax, are to Survey and fettle the Marks and Boundaries of the faid Diftrict of Land, agreeable to the Terms of the Patents under which the Lord Fairfax claims, within the time therein limitted. Know ye therefore that in Obedience to his Majefty’s Royal Commands, and for the more Speedy and Exa& performance of the Service aforefaid, and for removing all future Difputes and Controverfies, touching The Boundaries between his Majefty and the faid Lord Fairfax, I repofing Special Truft and Confidence in the Loyalty, fidelity and known Ability of William Byrd of Weftover in the County of Charles City Efq', John Robinfon of Pifcattoway in the County of Effex Efg', and John Grymes of Brandon in the County of Middlefex Efq' Members of his Majefty’s Council in this Dominion, have Nominated, deputed, and by thefe _Prefents do Nominate, Depute and appoint the faid William _ Byrd, John Robinfon & John Grymes, Commiffioners on behalf of his Majefty for the Purpofes herein before mention’d giving ee id, sls 7 a Sabie del Aa Yo dhe Bert ods Ig bas cavity ea, ot Uke 98 ign vedrud boA Qos ' gaidovo) ,asitin oy. ej} tassels taht sh vida bib ates Bae stain ena art Yo exiisbanotl odt gniolyA 10% sacl hojsM s tb1o of bteohy od blow yhojeM eid Bier T ‘Si esd qninianestA, bie gridit (gnirinet 16? bax (sili or HoitimmoD ibisl to BARC ie BerT bid evsaoisited sis to ebavoll oil L'nininoo bas belowxe ex doorsds moliqintell ods of sidasorge od: yd bas nie erweiO oft moi Qeoods eet biad ocd ai ‘D'nisinos ogyal te s¥om ef (egaidy r9dto) Aghomes) nena bin -i10% bid oft Yo moltersbfinoD noqu: fois) exl eesssdive baA ‘lisnueD ying ell abwbio yd b wolty ylooinmig assd done foi? os oom Barib Oa bent todinovell to yeb “oe: ont oeGl gninsed ofw (svi giibssons ton) eioaoiMinmoD mom 10° oohly Stenimoa basuqeb bas bomen sd ot -adawl sail oda div; noifsaninoD ani adsl oda olsxa bre yore oF 216 serie biod bist ods yd otf? of oldmoorge brie to Richi bik odt to esnabasoll bas emis xsiisl biol od doidw ibaw esac od 0 come T ni isd? siotoreds oy won .bessienil qisisils “Smila ‘oda middiw ofa i6t bog .dbiinumo’D lsyoA eyfbieM eit! 03 s2risibsdO binds soivigd st Yo soaemnctieg BaxH ‘bas ybsq2 210m oridoua esihevoim0 has eoruqliC] suit Hs gaivomsy 101 bas : cuicd bod bid ont bas ysis zid noswied ashabawodl py . ytileba .yilsyoul, pay ni agnabitnoD bas fuxT lsiooq? 9 0 odi ni ravedtsW Yo bry msilliW Yo swilidA % a Ny ours A of3 al yewotte iT Yo aolnidoA et ok a ai” ; oda ‘di nobel Yo anenryae) adol: bas , opt “nt yd lionvoD e“yAojsM aid Yo crodmoM ‘pA xolbbIM Aw Ynu0D ; Modi yd bog ,boinqsb barsaimoM ‘ova Holt ranilliW bin on} Mogg bas ome oieni Headed no ‘eronoiftiapmno) (29m GO ado % i yaivig b'noisaom violed car dog 88 Proceedings of the Comuuffioners to Lay 1736 and granting unto the faid Commiffioners full Power and Au- Sept. thority, by all Lawfull Ways and Means, to examine, fettle, and determine all Matters and things touching and concerning the faid Several Boundaries, according to the true intereft and meaning, and Genuine Sence and conftruGtion of the Several Letters Patents, Granted for the faid Tract and Territory, and for the better enabling the faid Commiffioners to perform the faid Service, I do further give and grant unto them full Power and Authority, to call before them all and every Perfon and Perfons, by whom the Truth in the Premifes may be more fully known and explain’d, and their and every of their Affidavits and Depofitions openly and plainly in the Prefence of the faid Lord Thomas Fairfax, His Agents, Deputy’s, or Commiffioners to take or Caufe to be taken in Writing, and in all Offices as well of Record as other ways, within this Dominion, to enquire, or caufe to be Searcht for all Papers, Muniments, and Records, whereby the Boundarys aforefaid may be more clearly and dif- tinctly known and difcover’d, hereby requiring the Clerks, and other Officers concerned in the keeping the faid Offices and Records, to give unto the faid Commiflioners free Accefs unto the Same, and to furnifh them with ExtraGts, Tranfcripts, and Copies thereof, for which the ufual I’ees fhall be duly Satisfied and paid out of his Majefty’s Revenues. And I do moreover give and Grant unto the faid Commiffioners full Power and Authority, fuch and fo many Surveyors, Chain-Carryers, Mark- ers, and Attendants, as they fhall find neceflary for the Service aforefaid, to take, hire, and employ, hereby requiring the faid Commiffioners in cafe any difficulty fhould happen to arife, fo as the faid Boundaries cannot be fettled, and afcertain?d on the place, in Conjunction with the Commiffioners appointed by the faid Lord fairfax, a full true and exact Report of all Matters of Traét, and other their Proceedings, Specially to return to me or the Commander in Chief of this Colony and Dominion for 1 fh xenloaiaietp ag -wA bas awl, Us ereceiitimmeD ag (ols onimexe 0? ,aneoht t etiaisone2 bas te bre Foxiogal «suns ot 08 gaib ‘ ‘baw snd onlin ‘ids 6 lerovsc oft to noifmafiaa: orp bre ,yiotine T, brig fer'T bid.eds rot bsinstD phe pce a cools 03 eonoiiquac® bist ods yaildens ated" ods yo rowol Hut mod) ois tasty bas ovig ron eb I ,scivis® bid or” bas noe ymve bas fle smodt syoted leo on pyuihodiwA base lait s1om od yaoen astimasL, ade vi dT odd emodw yd ecto t am ailivebitA aieds to yreve tna loss bne b'aishqxs: bor nwond bial st to ooacton). odi aiylotialg ban ylnoqo enoisiteqe( bag!" aronoiicamo 10 .2"yuge ainogA 2A xehisl samodT bed es 20RO [le ai bas ygaitie WY aiceded 9¢ oF ola to sales of sips o3 ,noinimoCl zids hidsiw ,2yew 100 ex bros A to flew eet bua 2aominuM erage ils roi aoaeed od o3) — . b bas ylizela s10m od year bidieiols eyisbavoll) olt-ydorseiw ” cay all edi gaiiupsn ydowd ,bcevodib bas nwond yin ” bis e2hO. bid oft gaiqpeadl) oda. ni bonrsones exomO ashe” ofny As09A. s91) eronoiinanno. bist ods ett ovig o7 sos” ‘ bas qian’ T .2Beuxd aging aod ism ot bas see ole” baiteian® wlub: od, tind soot, legilu. ods dzidw wot. oozed asiqaDd ‘ rsvosiom ob I baw ..2qunovedl 2 yoaM eit Vobuo biep hag 9 | bas r9wod Ma sronoiicannt) bia od? otaw ane bre m+ ~dieM. erypnsO-nisd? .210ysvIve Yaoi ob bas doit 2%: uh a5 _ saved, oily 204 yrallsooa ban Hed yod) on gemibinss2A Bets exo’ tas an samy | bist odi goitiupss ydored) “yolqme baa atid odes 02: eS My | Ot Rive bi aogqyed biuodk qluoiib ‘ys Sle mi 21906 Rytaed ‘- oly mo b'aisivedie baw gbalsaa) od TONNE id ncaa od) yd botniaggs exsnoilimmoe> oda diiw. stoi ome OD mt cists. He to mga, Bax, bow oun fais suthla nba OM OF M1997 OF qlisiaaga egnibogoor tisds wrlto. ie 1% noiaimo( ‘bas ytoloD zidi Yo. YoitD ni 24 cunt 4 | “ ‘ out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 8g the time being, in order to be laid before his Majefty for his final Determination. Given under my hand, and the Seal of the Colony at Williamfburgh the Seventh Day of September 1736. In the Tenth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the 2™ by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith &c. When the Lord Fairfax, underftood that the Gentlemen abovemention’d were named Commiflioners on the part of the _ King,’he fent word by M' Baradel that he had fo good an Opinion of their Juftice, that he would abide by their Decifion without appointing any Commiflioners of his own, upon which Complement the following paper was fent to his Lordfhip to fign, in Order to confirm what his Council had faid. To all People to whom thefe Prefents fhall come. Thomas Lord Fairfax, Proprietor of all that Tract or Territory of Land commonly call’d the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia fendeth Greeting — Whereas by an Order made by his Majefty in his Privy Council bearing date the twenty ninth day of September one Thoufand Seven hundred and thirty three, upon the humble Petition of the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax His Majefty was pleaf’d to direct the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, to nom- inate three or more Commiffioners (not exceeding five) who in Conjundtion with a like Number to be named and deputed by the faid Lord Fairfax, are to furvey and fettle the Marks and Boundaries of the aforefaid Tract or Territory of Land, agree- able to the Terms of the Letters Patents under which the faid Lord Fairfax claims, as in the faid order more fully is contain’d, And whereas in obedience to the faid Order, the Honourable William Gooch Efq' Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, hath N2 1736 Sept. Nn ee of agtt alin id a cd hdd a inal ast NOI ahieheaciae I te nolo paps somomem pg . | dinoved « ETA otis set 40 boD-Bo:somD odd yd “not. ee Ve ome 3% i Nebel gk Mb at ahr em . ' t t dakota ae romoliv odo sis isdwies iia howl. ods ad Sty Yo. nu gal> no evonoMtincmal bomen wow b'nolagmoveds- 7 “ne booy ot bad od toda Eobewtl. Mh yd bow: an, adfigaia. ae noitiox( tied) yd abide bluow od sail. ood, vied) te noinigO tisidw nogu wo etl Yo exon tina ys gqiiatogqs dwodiw | €: 0? qidthaet- eid od and} asw vqeq, giliwoliot 2d? anomgigmoD | sia bad lisnueD aid sede varias of a a gamont T Mo? Indl gbeeolaxT shail bhai o¥ siqoo% ths Sa ‘7 _ eins T 30 BerY yards tls Io rossiiqent xetiet body” = ai to am matino Wt ods b'iles ynommo> bast Yo | “4 | — guise disbast sf ane etd ai oie, aid yd ahaa hnO uh 1 9 » o210 rodamengad: to yeh, dogia mow oda aanb 3 Pe RRUC old mused adds: sas ane uae big Beye! Ay woe baauod’ a Sa | mont of + sings Sasaanins HARASIUD!s, n-orhw (oat yaibseaxs bei dsus 1 re ) o19m “ inte brs. bpeans, ad 1 iar, j gd 2iwonl privy wa oa | dak sicigi to be ah same 90 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay 1736 nominated and appointed William Byrd, John Robinfon, and Sept. John Grymes, Efquires, Members of his Majeftys Council of Virginia, Commiflioners on behalf of his Majefty to execute the Order aforefaid. Now know ye, that the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax, having full confidence in the Honour and Integrity of the faid William Byrd, John Robinfon, and John Grymes, and therefore thinking it unneceflarv to nominate and appoint any Commiffioners on his Behalf, hath confented and agreed, and by thefe Prefents doth confent and agree, that the faid William Byrd, John Rob- infon, and John Grymes, fhall and may without any Commil- fioners to be named by him the faid Lord Fairfax, proceed to execute the Order of his Majefty herein before mention’d, and the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax doth hereby declare, that it is his intent and meaning, that whatfoever the faid William Byrd, John Robinfon, and John Grymes fhall A@ and do in the Execution of the Order aforefaid, fhall be as valid and effectual as if the fame was done in Conjunction with other Commif- fioners nominated by him the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax. In witnefs whereof the faid ‘Thomas Lord Fairfax hath here- unto fet his hand and Seal this tenth day of September, in the Year of our Lord One Thoufand Seven Hundred and thirty fix. When this Declaration was fent to the Lord Fairfax to fien, he was pleaf’d to refufe it, which fhew’d that the Complement made by his Lordfhips order to the Kings Commiffioners, was fhear Good Breeding. Upon his Refufal the Governor thought fit to give the following Inftructions to his Majefty’s Commil- fioners. “‘Wiliano0D ediisjaM pre sirnoles . 21490%4 via ‘~. | ynivad xing me; ni r mailli¥? bid oda to Gixgetal bas ws : gnitaids sotereds bas @omye) peer noe ao esnoitionmmoD yas iniogqs bx ainsisil, sleds yd bas besa bas -doA asol pbuyl aaeilli bid sche onda Arstge bas Sieg SticameD yas swodtiw yan bas lect eaennyi ndof pao a we 0} booverg atts bao d bia ody anid gd Boman od or" ‘erndeGg? i bre ,b'soimnom soled mised yitojaM ait Io whvO. od? sagen” dated = 21 i dads owlob ydewd dob -xctist- bred enmodT. bid: ode “a (ory masilliW bid ods savadlsadwe red) gghinesen bas tneani aye) ody ai ob bas BRA. lady, Buh ea atol bas coeiiody ado. | ieudSofe bas bile aa od Tae cbisivots web) oF . | “timumnioD) r9d30 dive noifanjno ni onoh anw mend oft m i we asia sg ‘samo bist _ anid, Rs [ a i , * pede apes tebe mites wars i nies Ho. rd guods ronravor) ot LahitoA aid aoqu gn bs ; “immed @ Lap a did 09 drama ch niwollot ¥ arc} a ug a 7. ay : i fi nh y f ae ; ae had , re ie | ov" te si . re ae 7 nipet Rr a ‘a out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. gi Enfiructions to William Byrd John Robinfon, and John 1736 Grymes, Efq', Commiffioners appointed in behalf of his Sept. Majefty for running marking and afcertaining that Traét, ae Territory, or Diftri@ of Land, Situate in Virginia in Amer- ica, and claimed by the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Fairfax, as granted by Sundry Letters Patents to his Ancef- tors under the great Seal of England. 3 HEREAS I have appointed you Commiffioners in be- W half of his Majefty, for Surveying and fettleing the Boundaries between His Majefty and the faid Lord Fairfax, for your better Information in this Service, you will herewith receive Coppies of the feveral Letters Patents granted by the Crown for the Territory aforemention’d, Viz' The Letters Patents granted by King Charles the Second, bearing date at St the 18" day of September in the firft Year of his Reign, to Ralph Lord Hopton and others, then the Letters Patents granted by the faid King Charles the Second bearing date at Weftminfter the 5 day of May in the one and twen- tieth Year of his Reign, to Henry Earl of St Albans and others, and laftly the Letters granted by King James the Second unto Thomas Lord Culpepper, bearing date at Weflminfter the 27 day of September in the fourth year of his Reign. And you will alfo herewith receive an order of his Prefent Majetty in his Privy Council, bearing date the 29% day of November 1733, made upon the humble petition of the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax, in purfuance whereof you are now Commiflionated & appointed, you will therefore carefully perufe & confider the faid feveral Letters Patents, & the order of his Majefty afore- mention’d, and according to the true and genuine Sence and conftruction thereof, as foon as the Seafon of the year. will permit your entering upon that Service, proceed to furvey, mark, and fettle the Boundaries of the faid Tract or Territory 19.) 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Yo yab- oes oe \ vloaM tnst079 vid Yo tobto me svisoa1 thiwered. dlls Iliw vox i % yadinsvoVl to yak “ee 94 oped gaiassd: heen .: ia biod zemod'T biak ont te.noitizaq ole rus | Ss ¥ borenoihtimmoD Wort ree pene ~91018 cian zid to ie ons re silt miei x94: bis sone otuuttag bas gut? only oy gnibioo98 bas. d re Hive “weoy odd Yo melns® of? as pool en doors 103 yoru of bessesq Solvise sad noqus gaia > WoY roti E ~w BarvT bith os 1 ere —— n 92 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay 1736 of Land, taking notice, that by the aforefaid Order of his Ma- Sept. jefty in his Privy Council, the faid Service is to be perform’d within the Space of Two Years after the arrival of the faid order, and that the time for the fame muft be reckon’d from the 15 day of October laft paft, when the faid Order was firft deliver’d to me. And forafmuch as it may be neceflary for the more clear Defcription of the Bounds in Controverfy, to have exaG&t Maps of the Rivers Rappahanock and Potomack and the Branches thereof to the firft Heads or Springs fo called or known, You are to caufe the Surveyors fo by you employ’d to prepare correct Mapps thereof, in order to be laid before his Majefty. And if it fhall fo happen, that no Determination or Settle- ment of the Boundaries can be made upon the Place, and it be found neceflary to have recourfe to his Majefty for his final Determination, you are in that Cafe to be very Exaét in taking the Affidavits and depofitions of fuch Perfons as you fhall find proper to examine touching the faid Rivers Rappahanock and Potomack, and how far they were known by thofe Names at the time of the lafi Grant made by King James the Second to the Lord Culpepper, and how far the Bounds of the Territory aforefaid were at that time reputed to extend, or have been fince bounded by the Proprietors thereof or their Agents, and report all matters of Fact and Evidence, efpecially touching the Premifes, to me, or the Commander in Cheif of this Dominion for the time being, together with your Opinion wherein the Bounds now claim’d by the Lord Fairfax, are confiftant or inconfiftant with the Terms of the feveral Grants, as the fame were call’d & known by the Inhabitants & defcriptions of thofe Parts Given under my hand at Williamfburgh this Eight day of September 1736 WitLiam Goocn. -«Mi zid Yo whiO bidsiwis oft, b'mchiog ad o ai sain bid oils Yo Levins, ody & eu of? moit bYnodse1 od Pant sens Anal aww zobxO bist vin i Roe Wd 1e9f> s1om 9¢2 10) cillsiiia: od Yue 2 tom aqcM faxo ovad of neve ai — onls. tc eodocarl oft ban Aosmmoiol bas ; ea | qqst woY ,awonad 1, ballaa ‘Ol egniiq@ vo ebkgH fy Rone? s1agsig 02 b yolqme woy xd aw VioisMl eid sidted bial a 2 ‘tabro i footads a ~913230 » 40 noivaningro39 ot darts Aoggad of ted ii a. ra: od ji bas elt orl hogy abner od neo 2oishouol allt Yo ma lsnit aid 10} yi oisM- ‘ait of ‘Shwo0st ‘oyad ot pene gailar ai Hex, qioy, od of Sis) sad) si owe woy .woizsaier bat Hed voy. es arate dow Yo envisReqab bas ativet bas dasonslagqaA avid bist ods gnidauos ON OTRRD 15 gomaVi, sods yd mayoral siow. yor? iat wod bas losmon o3 brosoe oft sornnl, anti ed ‘sham en) flel ona to omnis 94 ywoinel od to ebauoll onde 1st wod Dita eloqqeqlit eras: youll nead.sved, 10 cbarixe a bosuqar oantis ands 16 bap | noqa bus g@magé. riod 10 topes 2103991 odx gaidoyo . yllaiangls, basaiat; bas Ast ay noinienoGh sida to, tixd ai. rhasamo0d ) oflt 10. orn OF oda nioidw. noinigQ quay. dive, -anddiogo gaiod 9m yo jnsfeod sts xebris’d brat: cos a Sone a by ord ond em ,21aK1) leyoved, oft Yo z doris to dalled rs etnstidndal oti ed aw ons hwo Yo yab telgicl:, til gud jn sad x mie: ss ee) Shieag’ “yaa odemaag: ih ae 249008 maraarW. : OME: te epee 0 i out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 93 The Lord Fairfax after deliberating a long time what Mea- 1736 fures to take, determin’d at laft to appotnt 3 Commiffioners of Sept. his own, to a in Conjunction with thofe of his Majefty, However he woud not truft them to determine his Bounds, but only to fettle matters of Fact, to be laid before the King for his final Determination, and this appears by his Lordfhips Com- miffion as follows. To all People to whom thefe Prefents fhall come, Thomas Lord Fairfax Baron of Cameron in that part of Great Britain called Scotland, fendeth greeting, 7 Whereas the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax by his Petition to his Majefty in his Privy Council, did humbly reprefent, that under _ Letters Patents granted to his Anceftors by King Charles the Second bearing date the Eight day of May in the Twenty firft Year of his Reign, and by King James the Second bearing date the Twenty Seventh day of September in the fourth year of his Reign. He the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax is entitled to the Fee Simple and Inheritance of all that intire Tradt, ‘Territory, or Parcel of Land Situate in Virginia in America, and bounded by & within the firft Heads or Springs of the Rivers Rappa- hanock & Potourneek (as they are commonly called and known by the Inhabitants and defcriptions of thofe Parts) & the Bay of Chefapeak, together with the Rivers themfelves and all the Iflands within the outermoft Banks thereof, and further repre- fenting to his Majefty that feveral Difputes have arifen touching the Boundaries of the faid Territory, and thereupon did humbly Supplicate His Majefty, that for fettling the Boundaries of the Petitioners faid Traét, His Majefty would be gracioufly pleaf’d to order a Commiffion to iffue for running, marking, and afcer- _taining the Bounds of the faid Petitioners faid Tract or Diftrict of Land, agreeable to the Defcriptions thereof, as expreff’d and contain’d in the Grant thereof from the Crown, as in and by fo “ASAE We Oger” “9M aud send ge ny qe Yo atsnothimmoy g hiogde oF —Y~ Rsjnll zi Yo eds dtiw nal is iud zbavoll sid sakmmsr phar. ¢hr- wi gol ody siotet Bal od ot faF 16 ev. -moD eqidibrot say aissqqs dics bas baa al Te <2IN9 ia eonstert pure imaetit Oo per ile bee in noe) Yo taq, sed? ni nore Yo now xthisT hrod (gaitenty daobadt baskos? bellzs intin aid of ctoititat aid yd xatiinl bio F gemodT bist sdf 257 robau ders Jndteiqet yldinud bib flonuoD wit | zi wi yojaM ody eshadD gall vd moftoonA ant oF boinstg ainoteT eronot ~ Ghit yinow'T bd? ni yal to yab’ rigid oda stab gninsed boos? si2h griveod bnose® st? escic], gait yd bas yigiod eit to as Y 2irl Yo w9y direct geht mi rodevege! Yo yah ddmoved aw T od? od 09 boltisns ef xatzisl broil demodT bidt ofa YH “ngiod eosin T ,BaiT sais rads fle Yo soaminodal baw slqrnie 39°F bobaved bre ,solsitA nt sintgi¥ at oteuti@ bid Q0 fadiel 10 ~oqqaA erevit of Ye agniig? 10 eheokt fait ody nidsiw & yd mworal bas bslias ylaeramoa $18 youl! a8) davenuarol ® doouad to yo ond 9B fare D Sod? Yo eroliqndtsb bas ating orld yd ota Ile bow eowkdienoily evel oda daiw ‘todtagos | plaogitedD -niga iow bas dosrerls alana Ponmremuo sfy nidaiw ebashT gnidovor nshizs send enayghidl Imo seis yfojalM vid oF gritos videnud bib nogitatls bus pgotits'T bid'sds Yo estrabmboll sds ss od? Yo esixshndo ovly gnilsrst’ 01 sail’ eehsisMt eiHP sassilqqua | blaoly yludivery sed bhidw eps ei (Bert bist etonoiise “1926 bra gaia, cQtianuy 10i suiDi oF noihimunoD ®%b30 Of) a PAG ro HiT bid sonoisiveT bia sdv Yo ebnvodl ods gninias bas 5fsiqxe 28 dosrads enoisqgixateCL odt of ofdaoonge bas >) LA ae yd bar ales wor) ort moi toot) immo oad ae aa, 94 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay | 1736 the faid Petition (among other things) is more at large contain’d, Sept. And whereas his Majefty upon Confideration of the faid Petition, was gracioufly pleaf’d by order in his Privy Council, to dire& that the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia fhoud nominate 3 or more Commiffioners (not exceeding five) who in conjunétion with a like Number, to be named and deputed by the faid Lord Fairfax, fhoud fettle and Survey the marks and Boundaries of the faid Diftrit of Land, agreeable to the Terms of the Patents under which the Lord Fairfax claims, within the Space of Two Years after the Arrival of the faid Order, And whereas there is great difference of Opinion in the conftruction of the Grants aforefaid, what are and fhall be takenand deem’d the firft Heads or Springs of the Rivers therein mention’d, fo that the Bounda- ries of the faid Tract or Territory of Land cannot be finally fettled or marked, until His Majefty fhall have determin’d that matter, and it being neceflary in order to fuch Determination, that true and exact Plans & Surveys be made of the faid Rivers, & other Facts and Circumftances examined into and afcertained, & a Report thereof made to His Majefty, Know ye therefore, that in Obedience to His Majefty’s faid Order, The faid Thomas Lord Fairfax, repofing fpecial truft & confidence in Charles Carter of the County of King George Efq', William Beverley of the County of Effex Efq' and William Fairfax of the County of Weftmoreland E{q', hath nominated, deputed, and appointed, and by thefe prefents doth nominate, depute, and appoint the faid Charles Carter, William Beverley, and William Fairfax Com- miffioners on behalf of him the faid Thomas Lord Fairfax, giving and by thefe prefents granting unto the faid Commiffioners full Power & Authority to make or caufe to be made any fuch Survey or Surveys as they fhall think fit, for the better Difcovery of the firft Heads or Springs of the faid Rivers Rappahanock and Potomack, & other Boundarys of the faid Tra& or Ter- _ titory of Land, according to the true intent, meaning, & con- » Kee oh yen biniainos ogtal 2 omni wont bist ads Yo ¢ PRorib 03 dionuod wa id a 10 ¢ ssenimon byodk ams noifinujncs ai odw pe: | pe eae ae 22 eit biot bit oda yd bowesbh bas bormsa od oF 3 denis ee , nah Yo 2iishavoll bas ha ody yovie bus china E aynoind oz to estro'T off 09 sidssonge basil Yo Bin ire owT to sonq2, ont sidaiw miso xebiel nod, ada ‘“aaaee viod3 essiedw boA aabiO bial oda Yo leviawA oda rsiis exso¥ . amnme od? to noifudtes od? nf aciaiqO Io. sons1hib ansag ef 4 zbasH fit ods b'moob bas nada od lsd} bac 2x6 indw ,bidlowle a -sbnuotl oft tals ot ,b*neltneen nicieds exovill otla te egning? Le llanit od tonnes based Yo yiovrneT to, BaxT bid odt Yo ait isc) b‘nienis%9b ori, Mad yHoixM” 21H ivan ,boiiem 16 Bolaah nditsniansteC, A: ou of rahe fi yishesen gaiod ti bas evisn — (2139 viA. bint ods Yo sheared eyaviwe A actel fasxe bas. oun sat boaisnissis bas oi bodinsxe aoaghlenygni bas eet radio a. pe violt oy woud heise 2H bam tosxodt nogo fl. ed eamod'T bidot'T probrQ bist eyfojelM aiH 03 oonsibsdO ni aed sohsdD oi sonvbitnos ¥ fauna Ieinsql yafoqas ~xatrioL baad, yolisvadd aris if VI ‘ maa agion%) 2 rte | to nuod oda to nme. wawod ods Yo xulsig D onmelli YT bis pal sold Yo eau ott 20 a eb 4 njogge | brs ebotuiqod , batanicion doad Ppa. basinomiieW to. bist oda aniogqne bas ,stugob vanimon: tliob atadterq Sheds yd bas shi at -noO xstisl msilliW bas ,yolrovad owilliW aan. eolisd of? Yevind a boowoqme, ino mW: eonotion « ‘ bial ad ebiswnove slginy eet, of? Yo. ote2 wok rads. boul noitecienpag leyoM aif 16% yfojaM aid orotsd) ation xehie™ bro ona. yd wovig- cowed mile pi foto gid TE \2 mits 2id mi sludred te bushnow od ot 10m oi gow ene bea] 2iH1 b'gad ldenuit bad oH 9ait. odt-@) noisized - obit i 4 ton ybamioggae od dedgicn aopoiicacioD jada Brey oP iflolehl a bas sien od Ole! ud otughib ni eitbauoll! ody yorasit: a2 tte ‘i! yluoissty bad gail ot xofte Aalodsovell « “onal nisn bonilssh won qidtbuanl eid. say prolsited. aid danny OF obn > Jlns ohe 'gnidks nwo aid saeco ee Y ee ad son ddgiin enodaoint auoioni®) #% Y tovewoH . ey 7 gait srlt Yo theq sft ao scopniaeely ai borety , o3 Stel se bloly hib enonsuriial éronavo®) ‘ae 0 wowed yd ‘aa io oin20ig" oF bas bigsvuil ad ot Vira pie brinof pel a orf ysl 0” mnprla) oidans 0% yedbiled: bros ont erdgid ods rahe al .yfsie Mi etHiarwted: aldihog eerylisste en: oqu beomgs ‘Hitt aneapbanni: gniwolld ‘ out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. — 97 1. That in the execution ef this whole Affair the Lord Fair- fax fhou’d defray one Moiety of the intire Expence 2. That the Bounds of all the Countys in the Northern Neck, tho’ not in Difpute, fhou’d be meafured & laid off by the Surveyors of each County, that fo the Extent of his Lordthips Grant may the more diftinétly appear. And Commiffioners were fent to the faid Surveyors accordingly. After that we commiflion’d and cauf’d to be fworn M'. Mayo & M' Brooks as Surveyors for His Majefty, who in Conjunction with Mt Wint low & M' Savage on my Lord’s part, fhou’d run the Courfes & meafure the diftance of that Branch of Potomack called Co- haungoruton, from its confluence with Sharando, to the Head Spring thereof, with Orders to return an Exaét Map of the faid River, fhewing all the Streams that run into the fame on either Side. “They were alfo directed to take the Latitude, & obferve particularly where the faid River interfected the 40" Degree. And in order to enable them to perform this difficult Service, we allotted them 13 Men & a large quantity of Provifion When thefe were difpatch’t who had much fartheft to go, we commiffion’d & fwore M*' Gream on behalf of the King, and M: Thomas on that of my Lord, to Survey and Meafure the South Branch of Rappahannock, from the firft Fork to the Head Spring & return an exact Map of the fame defcribing all the Rivers & Creeks that difcharge their Waters into it. And becaufe M' Gream had not been much praétifed in Surveying, we allow’d Him to make ufe of M' Hume as an Afliftant. We likewife order’d them to furnifh themfelves with 6 Men, & what Provifions fhou’d be neceflary for their Subfiftence We then empower’d and fwore Mt Wood for His Majefty, & M' Thomas the Younger for my Lord, to Survey and mea- fure the North Branch of Rappahannock, and gave them the fame orders we had given to thofe Surveyors who went up the South Branch. They were alfo directed to provide the fame ©; 1736 Sept. Nee eam ; ow .og of Sloririst Howm bal odw a doselib ow Sede aed W "yy ore Me bas yovid at bio yar to salt no asmnonT 'Mi “fle gnidtidteh sma od? Yo qe Sexo as manor B gel? besll yeh as em omuP MS Yo stu oolaem of ni: b'wolls ow odd mors oveg bite SbonnsdeqqaA to done dnoKt sit suf tint si i Wr goneqx siiial od) Yo ysaioM ono! ys mano edi ai enioD oils iin to. poe’ oily yd Ho bisl 8 bonisset sd iyo essuqiCh ix | . sqifbio.] cid Yo sau onl Gl sith’ pea ovevt 7 ainnoitimme? brA iweqqe fsailib ‘soar ods aie ow reds 2th .ylgaiinesos moyoviwe: bist ens or so ow 2 Sloot "Ml oll AM mow ‘od oF boas be b'noMimmos aiW ON. daiw aoiBanfnoD of odw isisM ai wi noysrwe ae Peres’ mT ¥ estina. ot owe b'wedd paq ebro yoo no ogaesd MB wol oD bsliss donno Fe dons sada Yo sonefib ods ouileom bsoH od? oy ,obneted@ dtiw someuRnoo et moi protuiogaued bist ofa to qsM ext nie Gwin of eebr1O thiw Aedes gang? yorhig go acum oes onal curt tect? ernie? odd the gniwedbpevisl svisido B sbusited sift sdnr of beBerb Ge sow ysdT jebid ovigoCk “on Si} beBshomi rovidl bid ody siedw yiteledirieg soivw2Yuoihib: aiff mnetheq 01 cisdd oldene ‘of robo ab bn A. nodiverd to yiitteup opvel «38 noM pt motly bonolle ow bre yti A od: lo Usted no miso YM stows b'notintmes od) ot shoY Mak odd mot dooaastaggqal to ‘dont dio? baA wi oint exe W dtodd syeifSiib: satis ede B evil ods guivsvwé ni bwi®erq dowen need joa badass "M duszed ¥ 9M d dtiw esvidtensds Dimut of) meds busbrowtiwedll oW™ sonsflidué tisdt 101 yuiltsson od b'wodt enolliverhtedw ouilois 2H tat boo WM sow bas Bisvroqmecnst @W -com bra yovwe 02 bod yin seb aeganoY only demod TM B od qu iisw ow sioysviNd stoi os aavig bait Ww srnat ‘ods obiverg 0} ‘befSstib als cath tte | 98 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay 1736 Number of Men to attend them & to take care to be furnith’t Sept. with Provifions Before the Surveyors enter’d upon their bufinefs, we meafur’d all their chains to try their exactnefs, & at the fame time gave them all orders to form their Draughts by the fame Scale, that is to fay after the rate of Six hundred Poles to an Inch. While we ftaid at Frederickfburgh we lodg’d at Col® Henry Willis’s, but kept a magnificent Table at the Ordinary, and entertain’d all the Gentlemen that came to vilit us, which were a great many. From thence we went to Col® Charles Carters where our Entertainment was by no means extravagant After all our matters were fettled, relating to the Surveyors, we proceeded to the Fork of Rappahannock, and cauf’d each Branch to be meafured at the Mouth & found the North to be wider by 3 Poles and g Links tho’ it was objected by his Lord- fhip’s Commiffioners, that the South Branch was made nar- rower by an Ifland that ran along the South Shoar We carry’d a Surloin of Beef with us from Col° Carter’s & ick’t the Bones of it as clean as a Kennel of Wolves wou’d p thofe of a wounded Buck, The fame Gentleman furnifh’t us alfo with Strong Beer, but forgot a Veffel to drink out of. Flowever we fupply’d that want, with the Shell of a poor Tara- pin which we deftroy’d as Harry the 8" did Cardinal Wolfey, for the fake of his Houfe. This fhell we clean’d and drank out of it with as much Taft as if it had of Gold of Ophir, or one of Phalaris’s Triacrian Cups. After this Refrefhment we proceeded from thence to Germanna, where Col? Spotfwood receiv’d us very Courteoufly. And left we fhou’d have forgot the memorable Battles of the Duke of Marlborough, he fought them all over again to us the Nine and fortieth time There the Commiffioners for the King took the Depofitions of M' Taliofero, and M' Thornton, and thofe for my Lord, that of M' Ruffel, relating to the time the upper parts of Rap- ovey stig ome od). awh, jad? .oleod gael ods yd anal 0} onl cae od esto borhnudt xia Yo ora 9 09H oD as btgbol sw dyswdsloirsbor'l sn bighh > bas ,yienibrO ode a alda TD teoRingsm: & aged pores siow doidw 20 2itiv of semso, pany tiomaltas—)) ods repre 1 s1orig) eolisd > “loD of tna ew scott soy, ABO OTE aes n : — (ASQRV RS een OM 4d enw mnennisnsin dl wo siedw. yore Be AOYIVING 93.03 giitsl 91, bilge Slow 219sieet m0 Is: wohA, +ieteaidhal dogo bShuss bas alvonnedagge to. A201 oda 02 bsbass01q MY ncinge od a} di atl bavol % dmoM adi 26 bowhsomrad 02 dono ol -biowd ail yd basido enw i ‘ods. wind 9 bas, zatoL £ yd aobiw: shed | “ian sbett..2sw dona duos. ad ied? ergnoiiomod. — a: soda dauod ofa, gnols as sads bash] oe -yd agwor ». 4 eons *loD moti ey .dtiw jes Yo sichud es b'yrs OW sn ow ; b'uow asvloW to lonno a sem geslaes db 1o,aonoll ody "ig ev rt asemolyase? oruat aft ‘glow bebavew 2 to. Rodd. Yo two, danish 02 beheaV logtol wud good gnowe dive ale i: -s18T 1999, & Yo Iled@ oct ldiwe, semve, ainda b* vigqal. ow, revswol Dulin wHoW fsnibra> bib 8) dz ysl, ee b'yorflab aw Aowdye aigy 9) _ dnsb bas b*asela ow llodh ak T .stuolt zid. 30, sash oda, wh» gy | nig Yo bloD Yo) badk ai Hi ee fel dou es daiw, 44 Jo aWo) ; insrodisiesd ;2ids. IA. qu naiagixT z'eiyledL Yo, « POR IOD. age boowheyé *loD sr1adw _sttsiarmr19e) OD. soacds moi, babssoowg ow” A Rie oved bivodt sw Dol baA vhuostwoD wey haicdaiass whine a “4 Idauol of siguorodiisM to adv ont Yo, ealsye&l olds 104 | ‘aaniz dasiniot bas aa cult en 6 haces Uae a *. * enoisitegaC, silt doos gai ada wi rane Vienne ode sx9dT | tnod en 10% Mods bas, fommodT * ‘h brs. owitoileT * i “Gav to enimy soqqu, aed amis ada a gai L huAM 20 madd Berney a Reo ie —_ out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 99 pannock have been inhabited, the particulars whereof will beft 1736 Sept. appear by the Depofitions themfelves ee, John Taliofero, Gentleman aged about forty nine Years being fworn, Saith That in or about the year of our Lord One thoufand Seven Hundred & Seven, he came up to dwell where he now lives above Snow Creek, which he takes to be Nine Miles below the Ialls of Rappahannock River, and that there was then but three Settlements above his Houfe on the South fide of the River & on the North fide of the River the uppermoft Planta- tion he knew of at that time, was about three Miles below the Falls. And he has been acquainted with the Fork of the River above twenty four Years & that one of the Forks was called the South Fork, and the other the North Fork, untill Col? Spotfwood above twenty Years ago named the South fork Rappidan, and it has ever fince been fo called, but the other has all a long been call’d Rappahannock, or the North River Joun TALIOFERO Francis Thornton of Caroline County Gentleman aged fifty three Years and upwards, being fworn declared That about Thirty four years ago, He came up to dwell where he now lives, below or on the lower Side of Snow Creek, which He takes to be Nine Miles below the Falls of Rappa- hannock River, and that then there were but two Settlements above his Houfe on the South fide of the River, the uppermott of which was about four Miles below the Falls. And on the North fide of the River the uppermoft Plantation he knew of at that time, was about two or three miles below the Falls & that he has been acquainted with the Fork of the River Rappa- _hannock about Six or Seven and Twenty Years, and that one of the Forks was commonly called the South Branch and the other the North Branch : Fran THORNTON Ognt nel - aq92 > Ses sil sa alan tet > “tiava2” voled esti oniVead of estes olf ptreatonti aly: tod nord dev? overs sat brts GowisT peripheries 2 : di Io abit dino® ads mo Awol eid svode esesmnBliie® cody -siitt fhonegqa 4d wviSt ods Yo sha dhOV oils no B xavi adi wolod 2st ‘s9tils mode caw Saiif tedr ae YO Wend od noid ea oft Yo ad1ot sdt dip boimiupos aosd and od bok valet ¢aw eto sir We San tats BY ees Y ql now? ‘ovods ivi leas Ae t Ato ‘ods Sorbo “ods brew Ateot A202 od2 bolles. be Aict divo® ody borat oye ess ¥ yirtaws oveds boowhog@ a? extl yeitto odt 1d Ballas ot nosed coal tove eed 2 bre pnebiqqnd Vit dhol say 10 sere S042 bila bd hae 7 onstoNAT witol my yith bogs nginalinse). wnu0D snitougy Ao. nosmodT™ soak ss borslaab mow! gaiod ebiswqu: brs emo¥ osutls ith llowh. ot qu ss a ome 2897 mol, wud augds a | _ clom2 wend io obi& r2wol ad? a0, 10 wolad zayil wom. ot | qed Yo alleT ont wolod sli anil sd ot eoalsr s pond Pe amamelseé owt sud giow sredt mods aed¢.bos govil doomed flomisqqy odz ovidd odd to abi dguoeonld al apeligpe heme ; f : od? no bo A elle d.odi woled. aalilM wet. a to weal. od noitainslt flomasqqu od3 revi Sl oda Yo. sba dn a lis ont awolod. golim saad, 10° 0W? andor | i 1 29465 ovis odd 0 aol oft dviw botmisupaa ased gad oft tedt eno sed bas 2189 'Y yinow T bug. aavee 1: 8. doonnsd | oft baw donsid sib atin rommg2 26W 2 ; “wy aad oat St pe ae ae ‘ r notnnoaT vAgt i oo 100 Proceedings of the Commuffioners to Lay William Ruflel aged Fifty Six Years & above being fworn, Saith | That he has known the great Fork of Rappahannock River thirty five Years as a Hunter, and that one of the Branches has always been called the South River or South Fork of Rappa- hannock, and the other the North River, or North Fork, till he heard that Col° Spotfwood named the South River Rappidan, & the other fince that hath been called Rappahannock, and that the uppermoft Settlement thirty odd Years ago was a Tobacco Houfe built by Capt Mount-joy, now Col Carters Quarter on the North fide of the River, a little below the Fork, and that there was a Plantation at Seales about two Miles below the Falls. And that he faw fome Pofts of a Houfe on Motts Land, upon the South Side of the River, which was faid to be a Houfe burnt down by the Indians, being about three or four Miles above the Falls, near thirty Years ago . Wii1iam RusseEx, his W Mark Thefe were all the Depofitions that were taken by the Com- miffioners at the time. next follow the Commiffions granted to the Surveyors. By the Commiffioners appointed in behalf of His Majefty for fettling the Boundaries between His Majefty & the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Fairfax Proprietor of the Northern Neck By vertue of the power and Authority to us given, We do hereby nominate & appoint you William Mayo & Robert Brooke Surveyors, in conjundtion with fuch Surveyors as fhall be appointed on the part of the Lord Fairfax, to furvey & trace the River Cohongoruton as it is now commonly called, from its conflaence with the River Sharando, according to your beft Skill & underftanding, keeping up the main Stream thereof, to 19viST AoonnertsqgsA. to. aed esdonsil od? to ono 19d) bes stan | -nqqsA Yo Awl diuo@ wf ‘ isp 0 llit sho. dno. 10 190i dno ade pany of bas ,A20r nsbigqedL revi dig0d ot boreesea boowitog? “led sels ba radi baw aloonnssleqqadl bollga wend dand sad gonid so 9 ovssdoT 2 eawogs aun ¥ flo ysticly jngmnslyied 3 no 1smut) ersreD IoD wom .yeitaseM 1qs8D yd. slid 5 isd bas hot off woled alii ».govi fl ad, to obit yep old woled esliM owt tvod@ zplesd ts noiaiaglt & enw O18 bas 210M no AuoH ¢ to lol oncl wal od todo bad a SwoH « 6d o1 bist cow doiehw revi Al oly to bia dauod adi s noqu- soli wot 10 saxdd suods: goied aensibal ‘oda wd a a med Saini yatidd, wn. ala ati . | Wivprgec? aed mans : ee “ i he A : a aoa W ail sc * M4 «mo. of) yd toast sow sertt by Mairiaoastt ot tte mow Dod ans botdsrg enoilimmoD sat weil tan cali ods 19 evnoilian ‘atoyaviue ster wi vflojaht iH to asiad at thing eronoiimenoD sda yl uF , idgi ody B ois ait neswiad asitabavoll siz piste i iio, ined modneMf oils to bru rey" vat baa a cone ob sW .nevig en 02 chibledt ne iis Oy SusTS | ioe nedoAd 2%, oysM. mati hi We woy yiiegqa phat: oy | < ilsdl ax Lue tgat dou tai parpenanrd ceneeee » ‘(20 Nod UOY 02 sae! 01 dostodi misone ais ods qu ‘id rie a“ out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. .o1 its Source or Head Spring & we do require you at your return 1736 to prepare & deliver to us an exact Plan or Map of the fame cll together with a fair copy of your Field Notes, in which you fhall fully and clearly defcribe all the Streams or Rivers falling into the fame, by fuch Names as they are known, or called by the Indians or other Inhabitants & alfo to find the Variation of the Needle, and to obferve the Latitude at all proper places efpecially noting where the Fortieth Degree will interfe@ the faid Cohongoruton River & we do hereby give unto you the faid William Mayo & Robert Brooke full power and Authority te carry with you Six chain carriers to be by you Sworn, ac- cording to the Law of this Colony and to agree with them for Wages not exceeding Three Shillings @ Day, for which Service both you & they will be duly paid out of His Majefty’s Rev- enue at your return, and we do hereby require all his Majefty’s Subjects inhabiting the Colony of Virginia, and requeft all others in the Neighbouring Provinces through which you may have occafion to pafs, to be aiding & affifting to you as occafion fhall require, Given under our Hands & feals, this Twenty Seventh Day of September in the year of our Lord 1736 3 W Byrp O Joun Rosinson O Joun Grymes O By the Commiffioners appointed in behalf of his Majefty, for fettling the Boundaries betwen His Majefty & the Right Hon- ourable Thomas Lord Fairfax Proprietor of the Northern Neck. By Vertue of the Powers & Authorities to us given, We hereby Nominate and appoint you John Greme Survey in Con- junction with fuch Surveyor who fhall be appointed on the part of the Lord Fairfax, to furvey & trace the River Rappahannock, as it is now commonly called, from the Falls of the faid River <= ete anpine’, oa | 45 “2 Aoistve ni: ‘ Yo nobaiizV sd + bal ei oils ree / Hofteo.0-x8 uoy of gaiflitte % yaibis od 02 lag of aoilado0 sved | <7 — peters oh a ve spor Fai vd bollad vw nwortl’ san’ yadd 26 ome d esneky zqovy ‘Ha Ye ebwtia tT od “gvisids a ns ,ofboal ors ot Behm iw sore disinoT ods sow 90 in lke . odd woy oinn ovig Ydend ob ow B vil somos aM ‘bid vitrodinA bas rower, fil school srsdoH % rey iif iW bia -o8 mowd voy yd-ed ef ersited nibds Ki2' voy iw yrs on 10t mails sttiw songe Ot ban yaoloD “gids Yo wil od o7 gnibio> srivied doidw so¥ ya GF eguillide soxd'T grtibosox9 sou zoxgeW | ~voA e'yfiajshl 2H Yo wo bisg ub od fliw yoda, ob, yoy trod a‘yfojcl vid He evinpor ydored ob ow bus 10391 Woy Je sume fic Tewpsr bos angi Yo yaoleD “sri ‘guide aieuen a yan voy coidw dhwowls esoniverd gaiunddgisM edi ai ersdto > yinowT aid? alc 9 ebisH wo whey msvicd (eotwpar isch “Opa brio Wo YW Yeoy ot Gh baer a o bi — Oo ae © woemiao dt aol ye we unol OW towing 0 oF ei ai “10D ni youn? ony rah ws Iniogge bie atK6 mol ney od? no beimogge'sd’ Heel off ; svin2 dou chiw a 102 Proceedings of the Comuuffioners to Lay 1736 to the firft great Fork thereof, and thence keeping up that Sept. Branch commonly called the Rappidan River going up the main Stream thereof to its Source or Head Spring— And we do require you at your Return, to prepare and deliver to us (ac- cording to your beft Skill & underftanding) an exact Plan or Map of the Same, together with a fair Copy of your Field Notes, wherein fhall be juftly & clearly defcribed all the Streams falling into the Same, by fuch Names as they are Known or called by the Inhabitants of thofe parts: And alfo to take fuch obfervations of the Variation of the Compafs, and of Latitude all proper places as may be neceflary for the greater Accuracy of your Plan. And we do hereby give unto you full Power & Authority, to take with you three Chain carriers, to be by you fworn according to the Law of this Country & to agree with them at Two Shillings and Six Pence Day; for which Ser- vice both you & they will be duly paid out of his Majefty’s Revenue at your Return. And We do hereby require all his Majefty’s Subjeéts, inhabiting this Colony to be aiding and aflifting to you as occafion fhall require Given under our hands and Seals this Twenty Seventh day of September in the Tenth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord. George the Second King of Great Britain &¢ Annoque Dom 1736 Somes 1 a O% is oO 0 0 By the Commiflioners appointed in behalf of His Majefty for fettling the Boundaries between His Majefty and the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Fairfax Proprietor of the Northern Neck By Vertue of the Powers and Authorities to us given, We _ do hereby nominate and appoint you James Wood Surveyor in ~96) au op tevilob : bass | to nalT faxes ne ¢ i © 7 "Wide J bisil way te . per ‘aadndllen: vodingh aad zmmao1e od He bodiatob ylamala qifhuj ad ech wi 1 owonA s16 yoru) eevednel lou yd orig? ne he dow) 3481-07 dis baA sasteg shodt be ihe obutitL to baa aaqmeD eds Yo noissingY ofl. Yo 3 fie ib yorTu32 A agiserg ol rol qgfepon od yao, em esonkq "ar % wold lit vey omnyovig xdowed ob swbaA . call wo Te pie uoy yd ‘od of ,2ris> aled geal? oy daiw oar of ,yiI0 he diiw eoxge of dh yamanoD eid? Yo wal odto2 gnibro2o8 | wh ae 192 doidvw 101; ys @& opael xi@ bas eguillid2 owl de eno aia aXe a‘yflojeM irk ‘to avo bieg xluh od Liw yoda, 8.u0y dod. oaiy : — bo | sid lin oxivpor ydored ob oW baA .oamisA woy 3s ae oJ Sg eae: = bas gaibie odo: ynoloD ips nisin afoidue eyfsjst ner ; P eabibhte ag A ; Ny eC, p miiupar [lad) nomegp0 2s uoy oF gail he ; yah dsnevee iionth eicls ine? bas ebrunel 110 tobau avi _ shes a iio Yo mis oft Yo xse¥ dame'T od? ai toderesqe?d Yo ae on isan) to gail heared si ii biol aphasia iyi eee Oo awe a gous NM ea rao oupomnd ; A 4 ra ihe ie + 6 Bae devi: | ehh aa *. =, 4) ayia | : Seca Tay ‘ he eet ees y = ” ae rot yftsjnM iH Yo edlod ai hesatoggn e i hi Nigil oda bue yNsjsM- 2iH, asewied ZOE O nrariyoid 2113. 0 teed anh biod Si | out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 103 conjunction with fuch Surveyors as fhall be appointed on the 1736 part of the faid Lord Fairfax to furvey & trace the North Sept. Branch of the River Rappahannock now commonly call’d ae Rappahannock, from the Fork or place where the Rappidan River falls into it, keeping up the main ftream thereof to its Source or Head Spring, And we do require you at your Return to prepare and deliver unto us according to your bet Skill and underftanding, an exact Plan or Map of the fame, together with a fair Copy of your Field Notes wherein fhall be fully and clearly defcribed all the Streams and Rivers falling into the fame, by fuch names as they are known and called by the Inhabitants of thefe parrs, And Alfo to take fuch Obfer- vations of the Variation of the Compafs and of the Latitude at all proper places, as may be neceflary for the greater accuracy of your Plan. And we do hereby give unto you full power and Authority to take with you three chain carryers, to be by you {worn according to the Laws of this Colony, and to agree with them at Two Shillings and Six Pence @ Day, for which Services both you and they will be duly paid out of His Ma- jefty’s Revenue at your Return. And We do hereby require all his Majefty’s Subjects inhabiting this Colony, to be aiding and aflifting to you as occafion fhall require Given under our hands and Seals this Thirtieth day of September in the Tenth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second King of Great Britain & Annoq; Dom 1736. W Byrp O J Roginson O J GryMes O We difpatch’t away thefe Surveyors without Lofs of time, but they feem’d in no great Hurry themfelves, They loiter’d fo long at their firft fetting out, that the Commiffioners thought it neceflary to fpur them with the following Letter Oper odd no) aqod b'ifso ylnotnmod won guillat evil bas gmemv® oft The bodizatob thissla, bas ylhit 7 =idO row ost dt GHA baA eriaq aisilt Yo aimazidadal ods piiupay ydeiod ob oF baA .mingeal Woy 16 suasvoSl eyo} dvni0oU sda oon WY pnticliertes nabiqgs# si std sodiq 10 tho Persie . db of Yooed? tons “nism dt qu sriqnedt io ae moy ts voy Stiuped ob ow baA” atti? bis oH 40 s2w0d od woy of gnibieser au orm wovilsh bas sieqsiq obama rum oft Yo qelao nell Bex ae frre. sox 3d Mack aisrocdw esto! blsiT woy Yo YqoD ide platen vd. bsiles bas awonst 91x yor) en 7cmea “dow: ad oma sod oni sh obusiied odt Yo bas AnqmoD off Yo HoitaimY sar bo 2hoitev PsI8 isiesig edt 10! yidhsoon ad year te enaeig, yaqorq Ile wywog fut voy aint ovig ydorsd ob ow bhA nal woy to yd sd oF wroyrind ais Sordi uoy dtiw oiler of virodas A ‘bas serge of brs ,yaol6D eid to ewad odt os galbwoon mowl uoY doidw rot pol @ shined xi2 bak egnillid ——- onads dsiw “iM 2iH Yo wo bing ylub od fiv yous bins aanivied gnibis sd 0} : entoloD ‘elds erisidsdal efiojdue eyfisjaN aid Ie | triupo: Usd noilgoso as voy o2 guifils bas, to yeh dasinidT aids eles bas ebasd wo obey navi wo Io agioH od3 to 1s9'Y dans sd} ai’ redmsiqse abil Yo gnitl bnosed ods sgioad biol ngiswvod oe cod gponaA a sat o . aavell WF O noemmoA Lic Qu, sci, | vomit to aod ate 3 7 Ay b*raiiol yd _fpvineaady: / 3 Hy idguorts nenoll ae pier 104. Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay October 5" 1736 Your proceedings Gentlemen have been very dilatory & we can’t conftrue your conduct otherways than you imagine you are to be paid by the day & that you intend for that reafon to make the moft of, But that you may not deceive yourfelves, & fpend your time in Sloath & Merriment, we give you this fair Warning, that we will make a Strict Examination of every days proceed- ings, that you may be paid not according to your time, but according to your deferts, You ought to econfider that the fettled wages of the Chain Carryers will be a great Addition to the extraordinary expence already contracted and for that reafon as well as that for your own Credit, you are bound with faithful! Diligence to profecute the work, you have with too much Slack- nefs began. Wetruft this neceflary reproof will have its effect, recommend you to the good opinion of YESS: W. BEVERLEY W Byrp W. FarrFrax C CarTER Having mentioned before that we ordered the Surveyor’s in the Northern Neck to furvey the Bounds of their Refpective Countys and return a correct Map thereof, it may be proper to fet down a copy of one of thefe Orders whereby a Notion may be form’d of all the reft By the Commiffioners appointed in behalf of his Majefty for fettling the Boundaries between His Majefty and the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Fairfax Proprietor of the Northern Neck By vertue of the Power & Authorities to us given we do hereby appoint you John Savage Surveyor of Stafford County, forthwith to furvey & trace the Bounds of your faid County, from the Creek call’d upper Meckotick to the run of Chappa- ager “2 vdaBO . Nit niin ue sw & yiotslib now per | ‘age 18 yoy onigami soy aaiitdieinsitie Rhee stain of ndisot ints 108 beoval wo tady pret basdt & zovishuey avidibbdon yem pidge (qninteW ist sid) ney ovig ow anortine M dass! -bse201q eyxb yrove to noitanimand inte lnkace ah jud oni? woy 0? gitibiesda: ton hieq od yam: sie teals agen ody tucld tebiteos ot adguo uo .ertleb sdoyo2 gribsoomess, o} noiibbA iss1g 6 od-dlinmeeyreD aisd ord Yo eogow bala) “acts sera 102 bas befsvino2 ybaols soneqxs yisnibosuxe add ok ilutdstiet cltiw bauod m8 woy Biber) nwo auo0y tol Jed3 28 Mowem — = -toslé fourm oot dive shel voy ghow sdimaatiorqgo) saasgili 4 she ai sved Uiw oops yelssen zidt fume WW nispediaiom, | Se ee _ 2) FE Fe ki mites, pi? ava Wo; vasnavad we a ee a aaraxD OD | want Mol pelt eae ie ni eoyoviue, orf ars, ow isedls ndiad ksi phrase ‘ovifborieA tiods lo ebawodl ots yovrl. 09 aooVT, senda aice o} t9qo1g od Yara i doaseds, gal feti92, & mustst box youd » yen nol rs eorigain a1ebiQ stod3 to sae to yqo2, 5, awob aa ‘i ‘fo Us Yo biemot ad ; wage tore ; vilojsM eid Yo Wsrled ai pew vsldetbaasits ods yl oft bas yfoiaM 2H nsowsed esisebavoll ody gnilisd 161 lo 1ossinqorl xehict biod exmodT sidswonoH afi doe ado oft ob ow noviy 2-09 esitiodeA 2.29W0, ot lo sun 1 “YinweD bichs12 Yo wysvwe. syever adol, voy, alog ydored “UnveD bist soy Ie, ebawoll, adj, op013..% youl ot ~oqgedd Yo aut. ody 93 eaeaileai “tlsa as t out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 105 wamfick, according to your beft Skill and underftanding. And 1736 we do hereby require you to prepare and deliver to us upon ih co af oath an exact Mapp or Plan of the fame, by a Scale of 800 Poles to one Inch together with a fair Coppy of your Field Notes, wherein fhall be truly and clearly defcribed, all the Rivers & Creeks within your faid Survey by their proper Names, with the true wedth of the fame, including the faid Run of Chappawomfick & Mechotick Creek and alfo to take obferva- tion of the Latitude at Pafpatanfie, and we do hereby give you full Power and Authority to employ Two Chain Carryers, who fhall be duely fworn according to the Laws of this Country & to agree with them for Wages not exceeding Two Shillings & Six Pence @ Day, for which Service both you and they fhall be duely paid, and we hereby require all his Majefty’s Subjects inhabiting the faid County of Stafford to be aiding and affifting to you as Occafion fhall require Given under our hands & Seals this thirtieth day of Sep- tember Anno Domini 1736 |e. ye R: Wi B O On the Back of this Order was the affent of my Lord Fairfax’s Commiffioners under all their hands in the Words following. We the Underwritten Commiflioners in behalf of the Lord Fairfax do hereby declare our affent that the within fervice be done by the faid John Savage, for which we agree to be at equal expence, the faid Surveyor delivering to us alfo an exact Plan or Map of the fame and a fair Copy of his Field Notes WidBiar iV 2. CC The Affidavit of Thomas Harrifon foewing when the upper Set- tlements were made upon the upper Parts of Potomack ‘Thomas Harrifon of the County of Prince William Gent aged Seventy five Years or thereabouts being fworn and Ex- P2 SP b> ‘ogi \id2 lod woy of gaibronan og ssid woy of gai noqu ev ot svilsh hae sinqony oF | a =! 008 Yo slxs2 2 yd send silt Yo: mall s0%qg : re be bloit awoy Yo yqtpOuad « dtiv veitsogor sioabanatiaraslet |) ana Ile .badindtolytybeslo bes yew sd fled nisi eo wom roqoig tied yd -garewe bid Woy nidsiw elon oil Jo ouSt bik ods gritwlsnt oul ody Io dybse sun ont dine -svioido sds) or Oe baa soo1D dobvedaeM Avitmowsqqad . noy svig-ydered oh ow bas cfnnuqisd 3s-cbwtinmd ‘silo now odw zioyre) nisdD owT yolqins of yirodwA bas two Lit 02 B yiinwol eitls koewst odio gnibiooos dow yisebed Had xid % egnillida owT yaibsosxs tod vege W x0) arods thiw so7gs od ifodt yrs bre atty daod ooivis® doietwi act seh @F ‘sons ‘eojdud evyfojalt eid fle stiupot Ydowd ow baa (bing yloub aries brs —— od ‘os broltnd Yo aauoD bik ofl ‘gnitidedai stiupsr [ect noitssoO 28 woy 08 ! “qoe lo yah cosistidd eds eleod ebned wo whaw nevi dett inimoT onwA, todas 0. €W A i. a a biot yar Yo) angie, ods asw tohiQ nidds Yo aos odtonO zbio W ody oi ehand risa He wbas aneentek: wacnigh biol od? Yo edod ni innate nee Peet od soivist nidsiw ods ted? ashe wo ovloob ydarod ob xstisl isupo 16 od 07 sarge ow doidw. 101 ogayee «dol sbideds yd onob clT Bex ae oils ev ‘83 gnisgvilab rey, bish od? ,sonsqxo | ene bloil aid 9. yqoD) rit alot as > ie ae WW Py " “wh nate vy wir griund: ndrw Hh | ramet TY honiaratell Wy ww qaqa ad weit shorn 7 Sr MSR “ynot) mailliW" soft Yo spnuod ad" nArocHl eamod’'T es bins iniow) ‘yaled ‘ewodssted3 40 ore vit yImovs: n ae 1736 « 106 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay amin’d Depofeth that he hath lived ever Since he was a Child on the Plantation where he now dwells on Chappawamfick Run, about forty Miles below the Falls of Potowmack, except about three years when he lived at Hunting Creek ; that about sixty three years ago the uppermoft Settlement on Potowmack was no higher tham Hunting Creek, which he takes to be about 15 Miles below the Falls, that in the war with the Sufque- hanna Indians the People who had feated there were beaten off from their Settlements and obliged to retire lower down the River, that about 50 Years ago Sundry Familys Seated again about Hunting Creek but at that time the Falls of Potowmack were not Known as ever he heard of, But about 36 or 37 years ago when he went up to live at Hunting Creek he had heard People talk of going up thither to fifh, but never heard that any one adventured up fo far as the Falls till about that time the Indians frighting all People from Venturing fo far that he hath heard of the Fails he believes about 50 Years or near that time This was fworn before me in the prefence of all the Kings Commiflioners and two of thofe appointed by the Lord Fairfax the 17" day of June, 1737 W. Byrp Next follows the Epiftolary Correfpondence between the Commiffioners on both Sides after they were Seperated from each other, and the firft Letter was from the Kings Commiffion- ers to thofe of the Lord Fairfax. December the 16. 1736 Gentlemen There being little likelihood that the weather will foon allow us the Pleafure of meeting You, we take this opportunity to let you know, that Mt Wood has return’d us his Survey of the Northern Branch of Rappahannock River, which he meafured fairly from Water Edge to Water Edge and not from Bank to biidD §.a6w nd snail 3 dofatewngqed? no. al iq32"9 Acme 0 a suods aetlt iissiD g a 2a1ld 440 om | . doserwoto ao noms sorta one aay 9 1a xia 7 sods od o% epcmt 2 doidiw goer goidnu lH oad aw a oar -oupiud oft dtiw mw adagod sade allet odo woled il a meet ay fio notned siow sion? bated bed odw siqool ods 2 agiite eee od awob rewol oriaat 0 begilde bag ace, eit wit. Agee Et < lags hosed eylimna', y bene, Ogk eo Y. OR mods. tads co doamwojo'l to allel odd omit. aed) ae aud. dean.) gabaull wed oo 21n9y Yg 10 Og uode wi fo bused of vd an awond tom, AIM cre biesd bed od atest gain as ovil od qu snowed godwry YAR 3 ca busca raven dusd fhe oF widisls qu gaiog to lng : | ay. 344 y ent sini ‘darts moda Liss allel ons es at oiqu. bounnevbs sno ~ Site doad od tad? iat ot gaiwineV mont olqost Us anisdgint ausibal = omit sedt taogt 10 a9 og suede eovoiled ed alla ods ail egnivd orld [ls ‘Yo o> nals of ai om s1oled niowhesw aidD bio od yd berniogys stone te ows bits zrono iftimenoD “NEw nin to h Bi ails sminelid : slic LT j . if eatin ce ae Cbi>>24 oil? nsewsed sreabnedinnlt quilofigd ia per pa vanes al bot mon bstawgsd sew qods site eebi2 died) no. eienoftienoD » vit no iets sds rc ols mont eew toms flint oti baw erodio oso). hai capita: bod hott 1o stoi on x0 he ne ee aidan. , a homvarnauid Lai td apo Rear wolls pee tite shilling add set) bosailosit ebyit dnaied ondT tol oF yiauwrogge edt salt ow ao ge Yo: ouisal’ odd, au a ot lo youve aid au bia esd oN reds, wiekie a borulsem od aloidiw, oad, abo i unit qs You lon ba « yaddn0 * a) tnetl mou 108 bas auh. 118W 02 agb aote¥ MSM. | deri dr ods rodins9900 out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 107 Bank as we have been informed your Surveyor M' Thomas 1736 did, when he Surveyed the South Branch with the Intent, to be “~yv~” fure, to make that appear wider than the North. As this feems to have been an unrighteous Proceeding in that Officer, We Can’t perfuade ourfelves that you gave him any fuch Or- ders but that the Artifice was all his own. We propofe to give-the neceffary Directions for Surveying the Northern Branch of the Little Fork of Rappahannock, that fo when the General Map of the Northern Neck comes to be form’d, it may fhew among other things how far the King has granted; and we can by no means doubt of your Concurrence in a Matter that will fet the prefent Controverfy in the cleareft Light. We heartily wifh you all the Diverfions of the approaching merry Feftival and are. Gentlemen Your moft humble Servants W. Byrp Joun Rosrnson Joun GryMeEs The Commiffioners on the part of the Right Hon* the Lord Fairfax return’d the following Anfwer tothe foregoing letter. , Feb.’ 5 1736. We recev’d your Letter of 16 of December, and fhou’d an- fwer’d it fome Time ago, if the late very cold Seafon had not rendered our meeting hitherto impracticable. We take notice that Mt Wood has deliver’d you his Survey of the North Branch of Rappahannock River, with which you are not fatisfied, And defire our Concurrence to furvey the North Branch of the little Fork, That as you fay it may appear by the Genera] Map how far the Crown has granted, » We think we have Reafon alfo to complain of Artifice ufed by your Surveyors on the South River, and as we know of Jerr zamod'T he'd —y—" od 0) ident oh aids 2A ito DoRO sd Ai | 10 doait ya ae pare orth a ee 101 willie aah sel -ovrg c Asoringdaqqat Yo. ‘oT aft donmel om: anime ke modtioWt aft * Loughe trv oti . i ‘oneal sided ides n wo ata obnst ney ; | Cee LE a ere a =" wav Ww” a fh ' aa woewrnod stot” nt sar eed ct) Wa : ony “nol igihl « odds wo tteq ‘abs 20 Aecveiabiilnsas ofT ee oda of towed gaiwollot odd biawio1 xshiatl bod | et ‘: : crag’ Mii hue A yyy ne er . ‘. | ie “ah b'vodt bas pileianakt to m4 te sated gust 2097 La soa bed nolus2 bloo (18v oral ada ti ORR omiT onc) bYewt - oldsoiBerqini oo oe _ owe dia voy B*revilob. esd booW *M raid 3 , uoy doldw dAtiw jovi doonnsdeqqast Yo a isn ond. yor tut 07 SonstyInOD wo n 7 ! sgqe yam 1 YA voy an tT st si 2 .bornsag anil nwo) odd a btu softinA Yo aialqeno> 01 die n6 ‘olsa5 % wood aw eh biss avis a | mista a) 108 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay 1736 none ufed by ours, fo we believe on the other hand, You gave “~—" no Orders to Counterfeit unfair Pragtices. Thomas the Elder has acquainted us, that after they had meafured up to the laft Fork of the South Branch, He was of Opinion they ought to proceed up the South Branch of that Fork called Canaway River, but M’ Graeme pofitively refufed, faying that if the faid Thomas went up Canaway River, He fhou’d bear the Expence, upon which M* Thomas declin’d and proceeded up the N° Branch wherefore we muft infift upon having the faid South Branch called Conaway River alfo meafured up to the Head Spring, as being likewife abfolutely neceflary, otherwife it will not appear by the General Mapp how far Lord Fairfax claims. We have therefore order’d Thomas the Elder to meafure that Branch and if you think it neceflary, that Mt Graeme fhou’d affift in doing it, we hope you will pleafe to order him out, fo as that it may be done before the Spring. Thomas the Elder has affured us, He never meafured the South River but once from Bank to Bank, and then it was to fatisfy himfelf how much broader the Stream cou’d be made by any great Frefhes _ His Lordfhip being acquainted with our Confent to your Propofal of having the whole Northern Neck Survey’d, has directed us to move, that the River Rappahannock be furvey’d & meafured on the South Side thereof to the outermoft Banks of which his Lordfhip alfo claims We conceive the execution of our Commiffion has been now pretty well advanced fo as to make another Conference necef- fary, therefore defire to meet you at Tapahannock in the County of Eflex, unlefs you can recommend a place’ more fuitable to al! the Commiflioners, and fhall be glad to fee you as foon as pofli- ble, in Order, and in hopes to fet all matters right : We are Gentlemen Your moft humble Servants voll vas exnodT. ek se 4 fis! oft on qu boustsonn, bed 0? ‘guo'yars. aoiniq® Ae > an oH ins yewsan. belles aod heir %0. dowel im ot Vi teddy gniyal bation yovuitog ‘oad a sil) - aod byork oH. avid (a eS ai insw exmod” tb bi i: ‘és qu bobssce1q bas b'iiloob enemad’T MA doidw ¢ noqu | pile: Pi ay biAl oda gaived nogu Aint fuer ow awleedw dons ods od? of qu bowieoe, Olle revi yawarne bolls doumt ¢ doa stivrrstiio xe fieson le sinloide stiwadll x yrtiod an, galig? lia a xatisd biol at wod ageht tevoast) aila yd 19g Jon iw. st ” a" | | hin ee par . siwbssn oy hla vy esmod'T bwha0 pew syed sw re, ” Pat rr amon) VM Jedd ocuifisasn Ps Pe ds boy ti bas ‘dons sedt “8 id sabi 03 olealq Tliw' woy sqod ow, gniob) ai hile. b'uodt . ot esmodT gang? on} Sided onob od yaen ti Iadi es co gu a tud revi wee odd boulsom 9 savor SH ,au bowls) ead robhE worl Usimnid yieisel ot enw ti nods bas tan ot das mot 9280 moy wlusinsg bas Bex FI quM ods oved oF oiiteb ee” _- b nce A, ona ott r6t bne povill yewanod ‘toque yovwe od Pine writ Asondadaqgest to voviad ody sady nse be “ ot bofital bas bouwlsb oved ow UT obi@ drvo® ont no Sheen” 2, i= _sidil aod jon ti end boysvse ‘Foonnarsqget tovil oat owed 490 nisdiio oloiw ody overt o9 Idogqoiq Woy o1 dasup oW age zinoM adgitd erorada bsiasines aw ‘ois bak rece ae nyt ads cons som to yovINe & sitguodt? aynwls, oval bas ctiods Sib -x bag omits oF en ‘thiod ecrlleconay ansq 19: oda svat of dtoupeD tuo. gaigengi gw ton b'uoo ow baA soheq sidstiupe yas ddiw bluos eobid diuoé@ od2 no b*yovaiil vit bie” -svoiLA ng doub sed? au 02 gniteegge Joa re ; bslufion od 7. > a Lh | 10 yelob yns diiw bobase od 0} a6 jlésbilaos at oe bee: air J sidilast woa sis 9W' _ ,fitoqgert bia Woy oF ons xd zr oNibbA son fhum ow ,2u 0? owleeld woy ylingit isvonsiw jag * dhiw noon yas ite aw i baw doors saiftal pees oiyisds bisq # bigoMon ti axogqul 09 endless aida yd bruno: od ynmt boRoqxe ty eyovd oda ca aaids 9 te 2990 08 Thguo ow oenlt: daidw rojis ,dinoM edly’ to Hal | sii sodw ga. aint ads ae, Be ani : | seri ons $6 8u es ratgitee boiinpar adhe » out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 111 ¥xpence, in order to confider of and prepare fit Matter for the 1737 general Map and Report, to be finally agreed on and concluded at William{burgh the fifteenth of June, as you have propof’d, where we fhall alfo gladly agree to meet you, when we can have any affurance, that you will proceed with all becoming Difpatch, as our undivided Powers require, which the little you did towards preparing a Report when laft at Williamfburgh, gives us caufe to mention. We are Gentlemen Ye Deo. 5. The Anfwer of the Kings Commiffianers to the foregoing Letter | June the 16" 1737 Gentlemen We fhall not anfwer your Letter in your own polite Terms, but only obferve modeftly fome of the moft remarkable Paflages of it Inthe firft Place your way of arguing is very notable, you lay it down as a Fundamental Maxim, that you always thought it unneceffary to Survey more than the controverted Parts, yet in the fame Breath infift upon having the South Side of Rap- pahannock Survey’d which is utterly out of Difpute. ‘That River is a certain uncontroverted, Boundary, and therefore to Survey that wou’d be a wantonnefs of Expence without any Benefit which for that Reafon we can’t come into. ‘Tis true you fay it would be no Additional Charge tho’ that is as much above our Apprehenfion as the ufe of it wou’d be if it were done. In the next Place you tell us plainly you find you are not to, difpute the Juftice of what we propofe. This if it have any meaning, is a Severe Reflection & mutt fignify, that our Stile is pofitive and Diétatorial, & we pay no regard to the weighty reafons you are pleaf’d to offer in Support of your Opinions, We conceive an Accufation of this heinous Sort wou’d have been back’t with fome Inftances, if you had any, but as none of une, 'oaey.n Se . es ; , iy ree ie Lr “so wan SELL. silt sot tebe came 200! hobufonas bas nob _oga 6 -blogowy oved uOynem noon odd nea ow node iy giisnooed |e cou a Hive woy haga voy o1iil ods doidw aiepes eowod bobbi 00 ak elgaudiensilli Waa fab ngewe nogest & griteqngq: | ov °W ,noisnorm 03 Riek oe Q2.HM WY cnlnenaal ’ vines ad ‘wadisck aries wh alt h veal ee > rah anal " tenn "On ons — | wd aria T asilog nwo mOY al soso Woy ‘aia lad 97 ro jo eayshisd oldsaunens Rom 23, to anal Mobo aviside ylno 7 voy ~ldason Yiev 2i goiegre Yo ysw wey soslT fia oneal i sdguodi zyawls woy sada ymitadé lauoresbawt & esawob Sl yal 19, ,2ad bonsvounes, of1 aed’ som yovwe of yraiessoay I “qo lo sbi diso® oda grived mnogu, Dilni dias oma guy ai afl wotugli. lo aw ylrouw at doidw b'yovwe) doommadag QO} sidloroddy bag vishauodl bormvovneonu NIRTIDD: ab revi (om iuodiw sonegudl, to. daanommew! aod: b'vow tada epee oun) zit -.oimi spno s*nmo ove nolaoM Yer adh doidw iMenot i down 2m ai ands ‘oda ogisd: InnoitibbA on sd bluow aby woy o1dw ti ti od bvowd 2b Yo Sy ods en ese 8 oweda | endl Rae * . 03 Jon oe" woe pak wort eine’ wilh wey crm a ys ove at Vi eid T) .Roqesq owvtedwe to! sified] ods swe zi oli14 uo sods ,ytingh dium 2 noiSehsd ovee.s a gyainsom wagiow ods. 03 bisget,on ysq ow 38 ‘deivors Bi — : anoinigQ rn0% to Hogg. ni wito, eerie iy oved. b' uo 2108, avoniod aids, Yo. Io on10M as Jud, sil bid. BOY, thn | ang ae — abs e! Be { ae 2 ght iw pes oY 7 e, : Ls 4737 June. 112 Proceedings of the Comnitffioners to La y them appear, we muft look upon it as a random Shot, intending only Mifchief in general. We thank you for being fo very gracious as to promife us a meeting if you found we had proceeded with all becoming Dif patch. This, befides the Air of Superiority with which it is expref’t, is a plain infinuation that we had been guilty of delaying the Bufinefs we~have the honour to be entrufted with, We abfolutely deny the Charge, and at the fame time take the Liberty to fay, that had the Difpatch been as becoming on your part, as it has been on our’s, the Bufinefs might have been terminated before this time. You may pleafe to remember how many Months the King’s Order to his Governor was with- olden before it was dcliver’d, whereby the Seafon for furveying the Bounds in Controverfy was loft for that Year. We mutt alfo remin’d you how much time was loft after his Majefty’s Commiflioners were named, before it was refolv’d what Com- miflioners to appoint on the Part of my Lord Fairfax, and after all they were not to be trufted with Powers, to determine the difpute, tho’ thofe were the exprefs Terms of His Lordthip’s Petition to his Majefty. Another Delay on your fide which we muft complain of as extremely unfair, was, that after it was Solemnly agreed by the Commifhioners on both Sides to Survey all the Countys in the Northern Neck, and the refpective Surveyors had orders for that purpofe, one of you Gentlemen took upon you by his own Authority to countermand that Order, and dire& one of the Surveyors not to proceed, We are miftaken, if this be proceeding with Decent difpatch and fince you make that the Condition neceflary to intitle us to the honour of Meeting you, we muft call upon you to name one Inftance, whereby we have delay’d the BufinefS. Indeed we have not thought proper to obey your Summons to meet you at Places which appear to us not fo proper as Williamfburgh. ee soda sche & eR ti ill ks iii ot ws g au Sintoig ot eb 2H0i0e JIC ghintosed th disiw tae 2i vi bid chiw pnohag . ; qnivalsb to yilivg nosd bi Dacdecaaeee OV iw beftirvas $8 auaned odt ovat Sw asaitell od? sday ome smd Sele Rew (aged. ods yrob ydswlolde: os woy no gnimosed af nesd doreqiG ods bad iseds: peters sie nood ovad sdgic Aontyl sd awo ao need esd i em tieq —wod 19deranra: of steal yronnio'Y — .seniit aista oxoled baanmiens > -biw eaw ioarovor) ad 9 BhiO. ogc a ‘od editoM yaa _ qaiyovun 101 adlasé odds ydonsdw , b‘ievilsb exw tt stoted noble Pon fom oW . ea ¥ set wh fol zaw Yrisvoimno0d ni ebnuofl ad - 7 at yisieM aid yoite Jok- ow. em dowm wod goy’ b'aimor elle” 7 -mo.) jehw b'viote1 enw ti sated cbounent s19W aranoiRimetod fe its bas esta’ bio. et Yo tie'l sdf no mnioqqs of esnomtien oft oniermersb of wowed diiw beftuns od ‘od yon sow ya He § is a‘gintbrod eild jo ants Bop only ovdw Sods ‘odd steph “isis M. sidtar ee ‘ae Yo nigigmos Riusr-swe doidw sbi ivoy no yale aslo A oli yd boorges ylemolod ‘enw Mois sail enw’ pistes ‘ela orth ni eqsaua? odd fe youve ot zobid dred no erono Mise” ie 101 aisbio ber zy wie sviPeogier od” Brus ‘pbs npinet ¢ 4 awo aid yd woy moqu oor rorrvliasD soy Yo onto Hoqiwq tera ails Yo sto Parib _ eabiO ‘ysdy bastmsiao> ogo =. ae -bss901q 02 Jon 2 ne naa daiw guibsosorg od eid Vi olefin ‘tf of eu sisiini 0%. pualissoa | noiibae sf rdPsdent cana ornan of voy moqu thao flum ow oy ‘gniteoM a boobal Aoniud oda bYyalob oved ‘ow ydatodwe 9 al one iosm oO} ehommue woy Yodo oF haga Fran Yon 3 prt fA vans WE a be as rn ew bbe y % pitas, T yn or ee out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 113 Upon the whole matter, we think you have made ufe of Several rx P ? y 737 Expreflions in your Letter abovementioned, which are very in- June. jurious, we muft therefore infift that you’ll either make out your Charge, or elfe by owning your miftake decently acquit aS) Ms SY esl Gentlemen Y MV. Fi. to. To this Letter we had the following Anfwer June the 16 1737 Gentlemen We have receiv’d your Letter of this Date and have only to fay, that we came to Town in hopes of meeting you, to agree on proper meafures to execute the purport of our Commiffion, and not to enter into endlefs difputes which will unavoidably occa- fion thofe delays each of us difclaim. We therefore defire you will pleafe to appoint fome time and place to proceed thereon The Kings Commiffioners found by this concife Letter that his Lordfhips Commiflioners wou’d neither make. good their Accufations, nor fay anything to excufe them, For which reafon, we immediately fent the following infifting Letter. June the #8. 1737 Gentlemen You have uf’d us ill and without a proper Reparation on your part, we fhall think ourfelves obliged to make the beft Repre- fentation we can without the Advantage of your Affiftance. We are however very defirous to be, if you wou’d vouchfafe to do us Juftice ™M. did. Si After we fent this Letter we heard no more from them but they left the Town without any farther Ceremony. We there- fore determined to proceed to make our Report without them, which we cou’d the better do, becaufe the Surveys were all made, and the Faéts fettled. But asa Foundation of our Re- Q? Ae Ry Faery = git ee a0 i if ay 8 eB. cies lexovee to Stu shan ( 0) ae avo tloidiwy. a | voila Fava ont bad ow vere o1 od cunt: : os vino svad bas scale sis Jo waa! U0 b'yivoa1 oved oW a0148 0} ,voy gdiisst to zogod ai mwoT oF samsp. ow tes eat foRimmo wo to negiug sdt oiwaex9, olesuleem asqeng no, -s900 yldsbioveny lige doidw aems¢tib delbne osni 193092208 bas “Woy oilels s1gtstods ow »_ talib, em, To tloso eysiab Rods noit nomad bss: oo1g OF soutq has omit seo) iniogqs ot dealq iiw iets y9919.1 stoop eid yd hayot 2t9noiimmao eonial ofA T | vind? boog sasm sathiona biuow exonoitiauneD eqidlbigl ail — folesr doidw 10 1 msl Suoxs of gaidiyns ya ton noAyIA ) Asad — ele oda imay bebe ow tev Bt ons onl, . a ead otis WOY Me cinesinall gong g juortiw bem Hi ew bbe oved woY a ~go A fad ody oilnce 0 ‘bagildo aovishwo anida Hadbew eq SoOGiRA mwoy Yo, sgatnevbA. ort, wodtiw nn9 sw soins : 0? Staroyev b'vonw vO he otk: on wire sr bapasagerer coh ee ie Tat soiftal, ew ob * e aan 2H.Y | itt tail pista ae: is ~% tud ant mont siom of bese : cabal eid? aa’ - xia) x nomena? wilh ete awodive awo'T why ames iodtiw’ noe A we ‘stan i 4 por D onic ic view eqaviue oda Samed ob nad od th 2 er Yo nolssbano Pes wil) bolas as M ids ab 3 114 Proceedings of the Commuffioners to Lay 1737 port, we order’'d M' Mayo to form the General Mapp out of June. the particular Ones. But as four of the Surveyors had not return’d the Surveys of their Refpective County’s in the North- ern Neck, (We fuppofe by the contrivance of fome of my Lord’s Commiffioner’s) we fent them the following Letter to quicken. their Diligence and to return their Plats out of hand June 18. 1737 Sir | , We are very much Surprif’d that you have not, in almoft Nine Months time thought fit to return the Survey that you were order’d to make of your County, by us, with the affent of the Commiffioners of the Lord Fairfax. Your Neglect in this particular, is a very great delay of the Bufinefs; and we expect that you immediately tranfmit to us your Map and Field-Notes purfuant to our Warrant, that a general Map may be form’d. As this ought to have been done long agoe, we require that without further delay, you will either convey them immediately to one of us by this Meflenger, or take care to bring them your felf ina very few days, We are Tiel, o. At the fame time we fent to the Proprietors Office in the Northern Neck for Sundry papers June the 18° 1737 Sir Agreeable to what we mention’d to you this day. We defire you'll be pleafed to fend us from the Lord Proprietors Office attefted Copys of two Grants to Phill: Ludwell Efgr: bearing Date about the year 1711. A Copy of the Grant, for Brent Town; and the two uppermoft Grants upon Potowmack River made on or before the Year 1688. We are Sir Sir 5 ae a = ae aa tae ity a ~ wl Avon Ns to. wo qqaM L yon ber e103 ait Yo ado ord ni 2 “yao oy yin Yo gmol Yo sonevian of 19201 ynivollod oi mf hiromon brad Yo m0 erst vids eau 0 ba + isnodsiup ae ad ade , est vrs ah rie | a. ft. flomis ni jon ak yoy per bing denen qn om We ee yoy Inti yoviwe oA cus%t of sit itgueds omit edinoM ‘oniVh © io msile ols Aaiw zur yd QainioD awoy Yo oem oF byob nsw! 07 | sist bio td of Yo aenoMimmoD oft, « ot lo ynlsb sang yiov # @ punlusistiey side ait HelgsoVi two oe Stee . 2u 0 tiaieny, ylotsihormmt woy,. ses equa, sw bar) paoadcret oc s sec SaRTE NE WO OF mnasibvug enioV-bisit bas qaM woys “a 50) bth sd yaen ee ad) wiper SW sdgs guol snob raed oved of réggo eidveA yiszsiborteni inads yoyno9 vidsis {liw voy jgileb rerio wells , WO, monly gnivd o2 9189 olgt 0 eognsttoM ail? yd ew to ono oF ptm OW eyeb wat yrova ni Usk sett .81 onl ¢ he cm oe ee aii ody mi son cea ont oF yi ow om ont oy’ sil rad _ BGR iu et 32904 ao “ee ro Ten rs eas: vevt “$x oda onus, ve ey: be Te £ gat? a otilob 9W wtab aids uoy 03 b'noltion ow sndiw oY sical , . somO sysiatigoi bio of? Mott 2u bast 09 bsteslq od I'uoy ynimad ; a owbusl : Hid 03 emer” ‘ows We God bs: 8 _' mei 10 sam oil? to yqoD A. aN 1 “ie de out oh ravi Aosmworol | noqu ein 10) Rowragqqu Ca one eee, 412 318 ow R801 wo sdz ou & ‘A M a a kp ey Se be Si | = out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 115 To William Fairfax Efqr On the Receipt of our Letter the 4 Surveyors abovemen- tioned, thought fit to fend us their Surveys very foon with a Letter. of Excufe. And we difpatch’t their Plats and all the reft to Maj' Mayo to be form’d into a General Map, with Orders to get it done as foon as poflible, & bring it to us at William burgh on the 3° day of Auguft when the Kings Commiflioners appointed to meet in Order to make their Report. M?° Fairfax too was pleaf’d to fend us the following anfwer to our Requeft abovemention’d ane 228 17 Gentlemen igi ad I receiv’d yours of the 18" Inftant defiring to be fent you from the Lord Proprietors Office attefted Copys of 2 Grants to Philip Ludwell Efqr bearing date about the year 1711 a Copy of the Grant of Brent Town, and the 2 uppermoft Grants upon Potowmack River made in or before the year 1688. I have accordingly fent herewith attefted Copy’s of Col Ludwell’s 2 Grants. But that of Brent Town is not in any of the Books of the Office. I have writ to M’ Barradel acquainting him that my Lord fome time ago left with Sir John Randolph an attefted Copy of that Grant which M' Barradal is defired to get of M' Needler, who it is faid has the Cuftody of Sir John’s Papers, and to give you a Copy there of, which I prefume will anfwer Your Intention As to thofe other Grants upon Potowmack River, the firft Book of Regiftry commences the 29" day of Auguft 1690 when the faid Col? Ludwell was Agent. For I did not receive from Corotomen any Paper or Book relating to any Grant paft by his Predeceffor Col? Nicholas Spencer, who was Agent about the Year 1688. If any fuch Papers be at Corotomen, I have not yet been able to procure them. [am Gentlemen — eo NEECHONS: W Fairrax ero June. i i ‘ lait la toi Al ammeiat noqu . 2105; ~ eebiO driv al 1 say 2 boailob ai Lebiemel ML oid aman sels Yo. ¢q6 bolas . “ Sedt fugué to yeh. Hog ont sonbeioa, vison dow bib T 10%. | aiaagA aew lowe! I inogh -emw odw pon I tarteroioD ig od tp well, # 8 3 *, g dite ‘whe yey. 2 pr 2 4 od) Hs baw zie vig slnsilli 47 oe eu of nae s ry peri gas cae ; onob 31 sees eronoifiemoD eyniA ods aodw figwA Yo yab be orl no dgwd ushisl M .s10qe tisd sdsen 09 19ob1O ni 90m Asopaet wo of aah ita oda en bask os Bs ow oo2- ‘b'noiinamavods Re ai.) a: iosoulltnedagat sane vay Insl od ot gnintsh ‘gneflal "Be orks, to ettOY 'bYvis I oe ataxit) s to eyqoD ‘heiien soi @ ' ‘eiossingerT biol in VqOO RIES Te9% oY quod obeb gatiasd pt lowbud ; ifie | nog enurD Romisqqs & ods bras awe. tno 10. ne 9 oved 1 8800 way oe” oatod 10 “ti obs jovi 4 03 , élowbut oD to’ ‘ayqo boftsis diiworod inst ylge 10998 sala ata to yn mt Jon eb awoT mail to 181). wll pow ne: inid gniiaieupoe lobariedl Ml 0 sitw ‘aval yy 22D ada to ne défobiteA adol 32 iw fol og only searct biol ye “gods a eusdel, v2 Yo ybotD oti ead bid ai dt onw oll | liw ot I rinse! do orods _— & | ovig or 1 ba qe Rey Miwicd yus 03 gnisetey toot 10 : et ' é ‘H MY. ‘icine ty cee XATAIAL W & 116 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay Whether the Proprietors Agents were fo carlefs in thofe early times as to keep no Records or whether their Succeflors have loft them, on purpofe to hinder thofe Grants from appear~ ing, which fhew how far they took the Proprietors Bounds to extend, is hard to fay, but to be fure our correfpondent told us the Truth. Next follows Mr’ Fairfaxes letter whereby he forbad Mr’ Ball to proceed in the Survey of his County til farther Notice, not withftanding the pofitive Order of the Kings Commifioners confrm’d by thofe of His Lordfhip March the 16 1736 Sir His Lordthip being acquainted with the Kings Commiffioners Propofal and Order to have the lower Countys of the Northern Neck Survey’d and plotted, has infifted to have the South Shore of Rappahannock included in the Survey, according to his Lord- fhip’s clam The Kings Commiflioners have been wrote to & their Anfwer expected. So that you will think proper to Sufpend the Execution of their Orders for Surveying till further Notice. M' Warner and Capt Barber are agreed to wait his Lordfhip’s Commiflioners Pleafure herein I am Sir Your humbie Servant W Farrrax It is therefore evident that M‘ Warner and Capt: Barber had alfo been writ to by the fame worthy Gentleman to wait the Pleafure of his Lordfhips Commiffioners, as well as M' Ball According to the order of the Virginia Commiffioners Maj‘ Mayo form’d a very elegant Map of the whole Northern Neck by joining all the particular Survey’s together. In this Map were very neatly and very plainly delineated the feveral Branches of Rappahannock River quite up to their feveral Sources, to- gether with all the Creeks that flow into the fame on either ; . Sods si Ashina An #iNoooue,, tid. preg Amogqs moi amet ep me if 0 Sogn no gansta | ot ebnvoll erorahqoxd afl yal? Wl % Baden tea: a a ans i eu blog istics q teqat ok st at bre “as os q ‘one ? xT ft. v a i 90: 7 , sa ba Mnfl “Mi hed 30h a Ba? i: erat acti mM ey noth aT 3011. 39 oY. sofia i wad aul Yo ove onl al bs is ii 1 9 nonoitimmo egal orla Yo wbsO ovitilog od gaibns: Adi “ 4 wig. qihtinot silt to slod3 a bali ae bate aby 3 O1 ori dow * ero MinnmoD egti a aie dtiw ane poe giiod qidithrod as mise ods Te, auneD teeol-ad? svar ce bus rev pli : 1% storie divo2 ode sved of bediini aed be er bis b'yoviud ool. no Laid of gaibioote evades? ni bobyloni doonnsdaqgs A a te % oF stotw maxed oved eanomtimimoD ax agri al of T sighs a‘qiclh o : ene oF reqoig Anidd Hive wor tarts od bafeqxo yowinA isda, sito worn line estes 1 exbiO vie to noinaex ada, egittbiost eid thew oF bustier din ae qe) bos routR WF NM | | ‘ psd. nissod opatpol’d exsnoiitinaneD IMSV ve oldseuet mwOY 82). ign.) Pyrett ie me rAtmtAY we | ai ip tee badd. 39 din : :iq6) bas vais ‘Me tert inabir v9 arco ar ‘ -% ‘oHy tin oF nme faioe> yilgow oma only ye of tw a od oF t a lle > ‘Mi as llow a5 ee ae ‘eqidibiod aid Yo ou i ania felt iano MicmmoD niet V aii Yo ‘ahie. onl) o8 4544 molto sladw sit to qeM neyols yoy & brant a geht side ol aadrogos. a'yoviwe relying, ods, Mis ; ae esdonci Isrovst orlt bomonilob Nlmielq, yar ions Bee 19 -o) 220d lervat sigilt of qu onip. re onned teqqe it xb las ee vodtig) no oma : ads oon woh, ee aside lls shiw 79 5 out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 1 17 Side. ‘The River Potowmack was therein likewife traced with great Exactnefs from the Mouth, up to the Fork a little beyond the Blue Ridge of Mountains, and from thence up the North Branch call’d Cohungoruton—dquite away to the Head Springs thereof with all the Waters that difcharge themfelves into it. And the Diftance Cohungoruton runs from its Confluence with Sharando, is according to the Meanders thereof 206 Miles to its Foundation From the Hills out of which this River arifes, may be feen other Waters which run Weftward, and may be the Springs of one of the Branches of Miffafippi, probably that commonly called Allegany. In this Map the Courfes of Sha- rando are not defcribed, but juft where it parts with Cohungo- ruton, by reafon fuch Defcription cou’d give no light to the Controverfy betwixt His Majefty and the Lord Fairfax. And here I think I ought to do Juftice not only to the uncommon Skill, but alfo to the Courage and Indefatiguable Induftry of Maj’ Mayo and two of the other Surveyors, em- ploy’d in this long and difficult Tafk, Neither the unexpected Diftance, nor the Danger of being doubly Starved by Hunger and exceflive Cold, could in the leaft difcourage them from going thro’ with Their Work, tho’ at one time they were almoit reduced to the hard neceflity of cutting up the moft ufelefs Perfon among them, M* Savage, in order to Support and fave the lives of the reft. But Providence prevented that dreadfull Blow by an unexpected Supply another way, and fo the Blind Surveyor efcapt. On the 3% day of Auguft the King’s Commiflioners met at Williams burgh according to their Appointment, in Order to draw up their Report. And that they might do this part of their duty with the more Exaétnefs Maj' Mayo attended at the fame time with his Map, with which they were exceedingly Satisfy’d, the fame being a mafterly performance. Great Pains were taken to make this Report with all the 1737 te a le | ame ry ~ 7 ee a j : diiw sontowltnoD edi mot} ene LITO wil sonnet] » o} voli dos Ios ersbresl | wie ynibroo: ¥ i : eaineg vil aids doiitwi'to suo altitt as peg | od yert ban bnwitsW aur dsidw ema + y 21. 5 andi ydsdorg ,iqqgiteliM Yo egifansifl ad2 Yo oto to egning? ~cd2 Yo edo odt qa edd nl sasgoll A ballin (laommoa -ognufoD diiw eseq wi siodw Loi wd -bediaieb Jon ome ee ody 01 adgil on svig biaod moitqinole doi: nilen yd _ oda ot ylno, tom doiitwl) eb on adgoo Tainidy 1 sod bal | “3 aidsupisdobal bag ogaituo” ody os dtla ud JHd2 somenodau oA “£182 woyanwe,’ sare ade Ao ows bar. oye aM Yo yhtubal . befieqvonu ads todsiohh. eT slut fas gnol eids ai b’yolq aagnubl yd pevisid yldob gnisd to rogneC] ada nom psomeftiCd mot modi oystuomib deel ods ai blued: ,bloD svilesx bas os flomls s1ow yor said ono de ‘ors phoW sist T visiee “oudeigtiog ee aalviw itor, oda qu. gait Yo yiilleosm bind odd oF booubor oval baw meqqué of tsbso mi yogeved *M mod? Qnome ches ubaob sed2 bomnsveq sanobiyort suf shin hic4 ee | oe ods ot brs t aw sorhions veegque . oqRone s pia a? meu D rie 19 39m srontbisiclts a*gnia oda Aira Oo ¥ gh abt O ‘ni dhorainiogg A viorly or 3 ibu ; to neq zids ob: sdyintt york duets baA .x10q9H isda edt as babnoie oye haere 10) es 13 Yignibssoxs stow od oid’ tive joM “2id Tes odie Me isi faonrniedes rg eat 219 eat 118 Proceedings of the Commuffioners to Lay 1737 Juftice imaginable, both to his Majefty and the Lord Fairfax, Augult. And altho’ the King’s Commiffioners drew it up without the “Y~ Afliftance of thofe on the part of his Lordfhip, who modell’d a Report of their own, yet they endeavour’d to do it with all farnefs to both Partys: Nor did they reprefent any thing therein, but what .depended upon plain Facts, or might be very righteoufly deduc’d ftom them, All this appears by the Report it felf, which was in the Terms following, To the Hon? William Gooch Efq, His Majeftys Lieu- tenant Governor and Commander in Cheif of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia The Underwritten Commiflioners appointed by your Honour in Obedience to the Order of his Majefty in his Privy Council of the 29" of November 1733 for Surveying and fettling the Boundaries of that Tract or Territory of Land granted by the Crown to the Anceftors of the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Fairfax and under whom his Lordfhip now claims, Do humbly beg Leave to lay before your Honour the following Report of their Proceedings and the Reafons why they have not been able finally to determine the faid Boundaries according to - his Majeftys royal Intentions. After we had the Honour to be named Commiffioners on the part of His Majefty, the Lord Fairfax by M' Barradall his Agent fignified to your Honour in Council, that if the King’s Commiffioners were. Members of the Council, His Lordthip was contented that the fame Commiffioners fhou’d likewife AG in his behalf, without appointing any diftinét Commiffioners of his Own. ‘This induced us to wait on his Lordfhip with our Commiflion from your Honour, to know whether His Lordfhip wou'd be pleafed to give us powers to A&t for him conformable to his Majefty’s Order, But we foon found His Lordfhip had alter’d his mind and now declar’d that he would not Submit the yok’ as ey crshinl brody | offs uodtive qu. 41) | & bebo ow ¢ is dtiw ai ob oF ra pnids yor Ingowqger op yoy od tdi 40 aon | nogoAl adi yd aimoqqe ait Re roam and aA A yd bofsnib’ 4048 acc ena wins ee div coifnujacD ni soqadh sioda odeor of nome ts 918 nomeliney) sled? eg sadiorsds bik ‘Uoisl 0. notes A 191g ei oor rere: noqe.A tisds iy oY 30h. | Riwoalil dA od buodk § Qin mt BEE: oven me as kouteh. ow nodw stusoofl | baisiseb«bias bgluior yous qa, Insensg ad? aridl om aeq dit saioysvind awo wisds yd ewer qabl Saifth s overt ba ? F ! or 2ew doidw qal4 oda geinnwl Hi 29Ig8 Jon b'yoo ow f 3 rae . o7 ‘qed olstil ovad b'no>. ow gnogod xy on ane uot sf roswiod site abind ods He Yes ai cael bod ey. wil doonaadeqqeA to eedaaeutl aradayoe, bas nt yiov yeu bas ylhod ails Yo. amssidedal acl pei pe ia song song frit od ati Mec 9 VW cerraqonq rind fs : SRA smilt-or gritelor | 0H -sqqeA Io shoD oila-sede, :onebiv a yrs, ¥ _ba@ joans> oW_ oda gnds ont odd) 38. birevestib> lis am od, bad ovis A Tr viewed ony co mil. dam ait, voninsde a ne i. 4 4 nomsodT eionenh ovine Ty nsol, Yo De on sY9w oto? FOR Tes} gata, teddy, easoqas tt L ellst oda es qu dagid oh ‘sovil- orks. 2h mip msifliW sho, oda woledeotiar ni: biol pits yd ray een 10, i ee We out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 123 Fairfax, fays, he difcover’d the Fork about thirty five Years ago, 1737 as he was hunting, And M' Thornton about twenty Seven Auguit, Years ago, But thefe circumftances are much pofterior to his ait Lordfhip’s Grant. From the Surveys return’d to us, We cannot fay which of thefe Branches is ther Largeft, only by the meafure we made the North Branch was found to be wideft at the mouth; But from the Face of the Map, it evidently appears, that the North _ Branch has more & Larger Streams falling into it which mutt occafion a greater Run of Water, That it lyes in a more dire& Courfe with the main River: And that its head Spring lyes farther from the Fork than any Spring belonging to the South Branch As the Lord Fairfax has produc’d to us no Evidence to fup- port his pretentions to the Southern Branch; We fhall humbly offer the proofs in behalf of His Majeity for reftraining his Bounds to the North Branch in cafe it fhall be allowed that his Lordfhip has a right to go beyond the Fork of the River The North Branch has from the firft difcovery of it, been called by the name of Rappahannock in all publick Writings ; Whereas the South Branch about 20 years ago, by way of dif- tinction, obtained the name of Rapidan; It has been a fettled Boundary to the Countys in the Northern Neck, and if the fentiments of the Legiflature of this Colony ought to have any upweight it is Evident, the General Affembly were of Opinion, that the North Branch was the true boundary of the Proprietors Grant, For in the year 1720, An A& of Affembly pafled for erecting the County of Spotfilvania, which County is particu- larly bounded on the North by the River Rappahannock, That is by the branch which before was made the boundary of the County of King George, and is the North Branch: And for the encouragement of fettling that Frontier, the General Affem- bly the fame Year did addrefs his Late Majefty to exempt the gar Saw Set eat wa was a: a neved ynew? Iwoda’ doaiodT bet nid of roloftoq ‘dong poarnseleny ie Rear : Yo doider ys pee nw ween | bry : sham ow siileset oe} yd ylao dtogied “ait, ae yo Y dvoor-ollt in fisbiw 98 iol bawel ee" sy fino! ony serlt aus vl i aM ois ta sont oil Pury doirw i ote gaillei ‘nace wget % 0mm pes : faoub nom & ni col fad? wis 7 Yo Hun “tnong « noitsa20 —aayl gat? beod’ est sade Bek svi sine outs dtiw iwod ort of ee anne? ites ait tot orl tno} a9dri i) 02 sonsbi ’ cf on 2s ay bouton ened xariel not ad eh died Haft sw : donee wisdivet sd} 01 Visticontalie ie eid x aninigefies 10t- yitopel. Pag Yo Useled: ai door 51 eid iii bowiolts od) Maa 4 Sivo ni ‘donertl dno ody ote iovist of? Yo SHOE oct broad ag oF idgit 8 ecdl qi goed Qi io ytovostib HR ody mow and dame Anat afT {2y iinin Asilduq He iat doonnsdeqgeA Yo sman oda yd belles ii ¥6 yaw yd oye mmey. Of tvods Moab duck odd ensrod W bala & aged ead 1 jabbigss Yo seme ods hoainido noifai od VW bas aloo adie vf of nl ‘ayinnoD oda. ay sbe ynk oved 03 tdque enoloD vids to nwiahige td: oily to. aT 1 a jo sow ae ove tear) ods dnobiy® a tia -woisieg 2 yD Haider ual 10 wine mT oloonnedaqqat iii owls yd dno off} n@ vabnsod, yhs oil). to yisbaod “Sd¥ obec eew sated: doidw tband dayd 2 vot ba, stone’ dro ‘ods ai bas 2 690) pail to wy -msA tereno®) Sty patina gael grils Yo “ade nical at aia ait 8 bib: 124 Proceedings of the Comnuffioners to Lay Perfons coming to fettle there, from the purchafing Rights, and payment, of Quit-Rents for all the Lands which fhou’d be taken in that County: Which Priviledges and advantages His faid late Majefty was gracioufly pleaf’d to grant under fome Reitrictions, And upon this Encouragement it was, that all that Tra&t of Land between the River Rappidan, and that call’d Rappahannock have been feated, cultivated and improved, to the great Benefit and general Security of the Colony, as well as the Encouragement of People to feat and Cultivate the Lands lying contiguous on the North fide Rappahannock River to the encreafe of his Lordfhip’s Quit rents The Lord CoLepepper who was the Original Patentee, made a Grant to Brent and others dated the tenth day of January 1686 of a large Tra&t of Land to be laid off in fuch a Manner as not to come within fix miles of the Rivers Rappahannock or Potowmack, accordingly that Diftance was obferv’d from the North Branch, which feems to bea Confeffion that it was taken by the Patentee himfelf from the beginning to be the main Branch of Rappahannock The firft Patent in the Fork of Rappahannock was granted by Governor Nott in the year 1705 and and altho’ in the year 1706 Robert Carter Efq' who was then Agent for the Proprie- tors of the Northern Neck, began to conteft the right to the Lands in the Fork of Rappahannock, Yet fome Years after- wards he himfelf was fo far convine’d, that the Proprietors could claim no further than the North Branch, that he took Patents from the Crown for two Tracts of Land in that very Fork which the Lord Fairfax wou’d now claim as his, And in the Several Grants of the Proprietors Lands made by him which bounded on the North Branch, he calls it the main Run of Rappahannock River as will appear by two Grants made to Philip Ludwell Efq' Thefe laft mention’d Grants, we muft obferve, were pafled | i Rad wie is bas agit gndeiowug od dase od b‘uodt doidw dbnst © 2 gogesiavba bas 23% omtol wbay Ina1g 09 ref He tarts enw 9 sever, b'le> aed bre peer o3 bavorqnii bas hotaviihies rae al ore as [low az ,ynoloD ot Ye yee tevoaag bine 3it ebaal oft otevitluD ‘bar 10) oy slqael Yo inom: ee ‘a ot oF 15viAl Aooinadtaggaa ob dro ott no 3 a1 ae ul) eqidlbro eid | sbsm 59109207 Ianigh®) odé aew offw ioqqn ya LoD brod sd yisuris|. Yo yah dine? oft bereh eisdio bas magi o% ins e ronan, & thou ni Ro bist of of baal Yo PsP ogiah 10 9800 70 Aoone edaqqsst novi oil? “to zalinn x2 nifiiw Somos 03 108 am © of rot biyiside ew gonthicl tadt ylgnibiosos" doamwotod r noid eaw Wi init? noitsiaeD s oi oF arma doidw dont dno¥l iRiel Bring od Gs goin’ ody so “Hsia oeanatesl vif yd _ bother 26w ron te: fot oily i sot? 8 sdf Hen TRY Of di of “odile ‘hap brs goxn iws'y oilt Ai not ton ree -sisqoi' sda Wt mnegd sett enw ode re verisO tede | ofa 09 sdgit off fisinos ot hayod plosl mednol ‘off Yo e108 | tafe miaoY omot 9 ahonnedaqqe Yo troT sir ni 3 . bios z1ossriqotT ofa tad bYoaivnod st a zw Usheaid St abr” | emoisl Joos of 28H toned dio orld ned? 4 Arol yey ieilt ni bas to efSerl ows7wWi ty mort ody ni baA eid ee mish wor btyow xohiel be gr doidw mid yd sbaat ebnact notsnqord- ‘adi to a Yo aul nism Sd3° si alfeoo od ahonerel dros i 01 sbactt ener owl We weoqqe “Hliw: cc will hos Abaya Phe hs Aid MY. ae 7 ve ‘ ie &4 . Au + a ry bofleq srw are tua vg nino do pi ie ed out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 12 5 in the Proprietors Office, where the Grantor cou’d have call’d 1737 that Branch by what name he pleafed, and no doubt, he took Auguit, care to call it by the right Name. The laft inftance We fhall ‘bch a give, is, that when the aforefaid Robert Carter Efg' had the Honour to be Commander in Cheif of this Colony, upon the Death of Governor*Dryfdale in the year 1726 Altho’ he was then Agent for the Proprietor, he granted Land in the King’s Name in the Little Fork as will appear by the Copy of Willis’s Patent Thus, Sir, having ftated the Fats relating to the River Rap- pahannock, We fhall go on to thofe which relate to the River Potowmack, by the Depofition of M' Thomas Harrifon, it ap- pears, that about fifty Years ago, which is pretty near the time the Lord CoLepper obtained his Grant from King James the Second, there were no fettlements made upon that River higher than Hunting Creek: And that at that time he knew nothing of the Falls of that River himfelf, But he beleives he might have heard of them from the Hunters about that time The Lands at and near the Falls, were not granted till about the year 170g, nor can we find by any Evidence, that it was fo much as known that the River ran thro’ the great Ridge of Mountains till feveral Years after that By the Map, you may pleafe to obferve, that the River Po- towmack divides itfelf into two Branches, juft beyond the blue Mountains, there the main River lofes its name, and the Nerth Branch, which is much the larger, is call’d by the Indians Co- hungorooton, and the other Sharando, as therefore the name of Potowmack ceafes at this Confluence, and the Branches into which its Waters are divided have quite other Names, The Fork may not improperly be called the head thereof. In the Year 1730 a Good Number of foreign Proteftants were encouraged by the Government to fettle beyond the Moun- tains, in order to ftrengthen our Frontiers on that Side; And reTt b'ils>.evad bSyoa 2oxmm al <2 door of aduob om bre glnstae iW AT ie | Od Di o ' we " . ast. AsViow ~~ Mak OW oonafini ‘Aik: ! Ciel § ods bad phat x99 ‘so bisdorobn. ada tw od2 nogu eygoloD ait Te YodD ni nads lliw yas ote ete + i J 4 » ort ett ; i ie 28 bad 7? ie a ay + 07) plea toenail, pig 2noyFt be . “Chea ot svi nsmgbaH Yo. baad ods, mot, aaundear a oe a P tg a ow} a er wots 1 to. shot mes 1 Phe ofl) moi nut of biwolle od Hin | ud munociognatoD Iq gning?: sod od3.03 >i yaw amet Pisani sors, nix Fast) 2 ee ee ane Paitin Rae Ae tes by os 2 9 >A br fret wii it ace i) ean. of out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. Lay the head of Conway River to the Head Spring of Cohungo- 1737 _rootun, including the great and little Fork of Rappahannock, Auguft, he will then have at leaft five Millions two hundred eighty two thoufand Acres within his Grant, which is about as much Land as at prefent pays Quit rents to his Majefty in all the reft of Virginia i. | But if his Lordfhip fhou’d after all be fo fortunate as to have thefe extenfive bounds adjudg’d to him, We humbly beg that your Honour will be pleafed to recommend to His Majefty the Cafe of all thofe perfons who by Patents from His Majefty and his Royal Predeceffors, are Poflefled of Lands within thofe Bounds Thus, Sir, We have proceeded with all Diligence and Fidelity, as far as we have been able, by reafon the Lord Fairfax wou’d not empower his Commiffioners to join with us in deciding and fettling his Bounds But we fhall be always ready to obey fuch further command as your Honour fhall hereafter receive from his Majefty relating to this Affair All which is moft humbly fubmitted by Sir Your Honours moft humble Servants W. Byrp Joun Rosinson Williamfburgh JoHN GryMEs Auguft ro 1737 The King’s Commiffioners having order’d Duplicates of their Report as well as of the Map, to be made, prefented them to the Governour in order to their being tranfmitted to His Ma- jefty by the firft Opportunity. In the mean time the Govern- our fent a Copy of this Report to my Lord Fairfax, not doubting but his Lordfhip wou’d in return favour Him with a Copy of the Report returned by his Commifhioners, But that, it feems, - was too great a Secret to be trufted with any one, that coud oval of:e8 ia nieelaicaeiaaebilewias tit Ws ; tet sd yidmud IW pentit oy Dybujbs abrivod sviine ofa yilsjslhi 2iH of Basmmetooe7 @ bolaclg'od TMiw'tt bar yhojslvi etl stot enveael qd olve andhiog: pees tod). aidsiw ebond Yo Bebet ve roDsoabort 0. cailebill ‘baz ronagiti ta sve bohsaoon over oW ait ‘vow genial thot sd nidtais yd olde noed sad ‘ue theme ‘bie ge > ton DS er ibiooly ai eu tive io} G3 evnotiarnndD: zid aowogrn’s out yodo 3 ybsor' ayaa od Hatlt ove wi ebavol: aid oils inott evinve wvissied Mad) nioaaH wey ae bremmto> ¥ , TERA alt 07 gnisator yisjaM aid | | Rd boasinid al videowd Shoe zi shor ; : morn dieu fort ewondHl wok” ve if ey om ary el:, worming A os | maven wo moeks 46 sienna biohte aaived Teotin 2‘on, o} mod? boimsiog , oben sd’) aes sit We NV an ~el4 2H os bonindaat gilind: ied om rabio! sh -ievox) oda oie axon sea al oesinttiog: tf gnitduob tom, zetigh dae yar a9 en: mo 4 ec oa 1 Wo qo a dbtivy ent = wom 4i " vant amon tied) wi 2aoiltimenoD eid y ~ bweo sadly — daw bo of on 128 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay 1739 judge of the unfair Turns that were given to feveral Matters uly. therein, . The Lord Fairfax foon after embark’t for England, carrying over with Him the Report of his own Commiffioners, and the Copy that had been fent Him of thofe on the part of the King, Thus arm’d, & being on the Spot Himfelf, his Lordfhip had a great Advantage, He was able to puth his Intereft both with the Members of his Majefty’s Privy Council, and thofe of the Council of Trade, However his Lordfhip having formerly withftood the Miniftry in the Elections for the County of Kent, his Aftair moved very heavily, or rather mov’d not at all, till the 12" of January 1738 when he obtained a referance to the Lords of ‘Trade, for them to examine the whole matter, and report a full State of the Cafe, together with their Opinion thereupon to the Lords of the Committee of Council. Accordingly their Lordfhips maturely confidered both Reports, to gether with al! the Papers tranfmitted from Virginia, and having heard Council both for His Majefty; and the Lord Fairfax as to matters of Law, they were pleafed on the 27" of July to return the fol- lowing Report To the Right Hon?* the Lords of the Committee of his Majefty’s moft Honourable Privy Council My Lords Purfuant to your Lordfhips Order of the 12 of January, We have had under our Confideration the two Reports of the Commiflioners appointed in behalf of the Crown and the Lord Fairfax, in relation to his Lordfhips claim of a large Tract of Land Situate in Virginia to gether with the Several Papers an- nexed to the faid Reports whereupon we take Leave to acquaint your Lordfhips. | That there were three feveral Grants from the Crown of this Tract of Land to the Earl of St Albans, the Lord Cul- pepper and others gaiyriss ghgint os | od? brie evaottiomneD ro at | gai ons 16 Hreq'sdd Ho schooner: e bed qidtbiod eid (sini oq? of} sto gant % venti diiwy AiGd Retsinl aid efteny 6 4lé_ anw oH od “Yo Soils bas’ fionioD wet e“yflojeM vid ies yhomtot ‘gnived ‘ats vit evawoll | abst Tl WW per neng 109A to Sasi ot) Tot dani Biel orf nt erfticiM od) booRdatw © ; ot Hs ix cits’ ta jan b yom valle 40 tivsod yr bovonn sich eit a - * cf ehiocd od os Sanarstot 8 baniasdo od cortwr Beyt qiauakl Yo Sparel | & MOGs bra protien stort ‘of antirtnxs of myo 108" ober T Ao! of noqueteds noinigO- tials dive aaettagot Me odd Yo o7nr tad dy isd) yignibios2 A fionn6) Yo sostinmoD" ads Yo’ ebrodligs arn lis dina radio oF anoqoA ited bovabfineo sivsent inn eG lionwoD bias gnived bre .sintgiV mot borictinad avaqnd si | aa jo-eisiiam of es xshint brad od ‘ban yiojalt aH et dtod © -lot odt mii of al brit sila ro biaing siow yous wad wl toga A — aid Yo nassinieanee) odd to dies as not 4 git ods oT iu JignuoD, wit oldwiwonoH ftom é Bh 52 ae o oosuasl, * Hey ond Yo sin veqithbioLd ae ot mod ol? to eriogaA.ow), gilt noisbino , ao whan, bsd 2 saseel Xt biod ods bia mwotd dt to Medel ni: botnioggs ersnoih ier >. io AsvT agial 2 to saielo, eqidibrot. eid on noiaslaa aa -ne etoqnT Isrevee orls, daiw worlieg of sinigni V ai 9 bs. Jaisuppe'o) eats aaligg ow, sical es hay omni tas iol to awed ois pear sadeliiiaaai souls ‘wD, bro dads annie 36 Io, fred wt a3 out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 129 The firft Grant was made at St Germaine en Laye in the firft year of the Reign of King Charles the Second, This never came to our Hands, but is recited in that of a fubfequent Date : | The Second was made in the 21% Year of the faid King’s Reign & defcribes the Land in the following Words ““All that intire Tract Territory or Parcell of Land lying ** and being in Virginia in America and bounded by and within “the head of the Rivers Tappahannock alias Rappahannock “and Quiriough or Potowmack Rivers the courfes of the faid *¢ Rivers as they are commonly called & known by the Inhabit- ** ants and the Defcriptions of thofe parts and Chefapayock Bay “ to gether with the Rivers themfelves & all the Ifands within “the Banks of thefe Rivers & all the Woods &*” And far Covenants upon application to be made to enlarge and confirm thefe Letters Patents by granting New Ones with fuch Concef- fions and Grants as may fupply any Defeats herein contained The 3‘ was made in the 4" year of King James the Second to. the Lord Culpepper who had become fole proprietor of the faid Tract of Land (by a purchafe made thereof) which it de- fcribes thus: *¢ All that entire Tract Territory or Parcell of Land “¢ Situate lying & being in Virginia in America and bounded by “ & within the firft heads or Springs of the Rivers Tapahannock | “ alias Rappahannock & Quiriough alias Patowmack Rivers, the ‘“¢ Courfes of the faid Rivers from their faid firft heads or Springs “as they are commonly call’d or known by the Inhabitants & ‘¢ Defcriptions of thofe parts & the Bay of Chefapayock together “ with the faid Rivers themfelves & all the Iflands within the “ uttermoft Banks thereof and the Soil of all and Singular the “© Premifes and all Lands Woods Underwoods Timber & Trees. “ Ways Mountains &*” Jt repeals a Provifo mention’d in the 24 Grant in relation to the faid Lands being to be fettled within 5? é 1739 July. Ne ne? Qst oft ci he" ae) ae } andl ,bsoose oils 2‘ gti al bid ig ee i. ai ok ebro WV niwe He ob olan cect gniyl bast to lear 10 qorineT famr'T sxisni aac nivtiow bas yd bobauod bas soiromA ti. ainigi¥ a, JoonnedaqqeA emda AsonnsdagqeT erovil ola Yo bsod ons” bial oe) Yo ettiweo oda anayisl Aosmnwoao, 30 dguoitivQ bas “3 rtidgdal oda yd wor: % bolixe yinommmo> ois yon em c1eviel * yet Jooyaqsied? bas atag dod: to -enoiiqhn ted. od? bas 28 * a) nirtiiw ebnaftl acty the B zavistinals eoviAl odi. doiw 19il39g 09 ” | tit bal “yA ebooW oda fie 4% exmyidl, Stods te elan&l oda ” crifined Bax syisins of. ‘shat ad 02 uoissoilggn noqu ectansyvoD AsonoD dod diiw 2nO ws gaisnerg yd einoied zraaial sleds honismoz nisied efisiaC yor vga NPC. OR arated bas enol — baozed o13 animal x ania Yo WSY ay, od3 ai obs enw ‘s od T of} lo toisinqorq slot aamooed bad orye wqqoqluD bral od 3 -ab 1i doidw (tovieds shen: diadowq s yd) bad to SmrT bie bas Yo lsone% 0 yrotive T fier onisne teds 1A » aud eadixa - yd-bobawed bas, sobmeamy ini sinign Vi ai yetind A gril oteusie * Joonnedaqe’T 2xaviSl od¥ io eyning? 10 ebsod fhe sda nidtre Se * silt 219viH dosmwors esils dguoitivQ & Azonagdeqqe eile ” + agniiyé 10 ebaed fina bik tisds mow exsvidb biel ods Yoetw0D ” “A wasiidedal od yd. awend so, b'ilas ylaommos: ois yore es” x9139209 A20yeqeladD to. el alt %B axing Sorts to enolsqinaoM otis nidaiw.ebaah) ods: Ma sd apviderady. envi bid ode daw ors istugniéa bre lis to fe® os bas Tested? adnefl Dommsiu wal 4 iade0i'T eboowisbnl eboo WF eboad ee ods ni b'aounom Oivortl # edeoqeial “2 | ; 3 nictive balsa 9d -o9 wad: sbaad an png aX wr ete 5) ix 130 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay 1739 acertain Term of Years & difcharges the Lord Culpepper from July. any Arrear of the Rent to the Date thereof It appears that Thomas Lord Culpepper in the Year 1686 made a Grant of part of the Premifes to M' Brent & others of Thirty Thoufand Acres in or near the County of Stafford be- tween the Courfes of Rappahannock and Patowmack In 1705, a Difpute arofe between the Crown and the late ' Lord Fairfax who claimed under Lord Culpepper concerning the Boundarys intended by the abovementicn’d Patents in Par- ticular Whether the North or South Branch of the River Rappahannock fhou’d be underftood to be the Boundary on that fide, Whereupon in May 1706, the Governour & Council of Virginia iffued an Order “dire€ting certain perfons on behalf *‘ of the Crown to meet others on that of the Proprietors to -“ view and furvey the Branches of the faid River and to make “‘ their Report to the next General Court and that in the mean “* time no Patent fhoud iffue for any Land lying in the Fork of “* the faid River either from the Governor or the Proprietors.” This Report was return’d the 28" of September 1706, by the Commiffions on both fides jointly who fay “That by what ““ appears to them they cannot difcover which is the largeft *¢ Stream but that they feem to them to be of equal Magnitude. In 1733, this Difpute was revived and the prefent Lord Fair- fax having been informed that Several Grants had been made of Lands which he apprehended to be within his Boundary he Apply’d to his Majefty in Council and obtained an Order to the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia “* To nominate three or “© more Commiffioners (not excecding five) who in Conjunétion “with alike Number to be named and deputed: by the Lord “ Fairfax are to furvey and fettle the Marks & Boundaries of “the faid Diftri of Land agreeable to the Terms of the pa- “tents under which the Lord Fairfax claims within the Space % too ~od broftnsd Rajat A, dosarvois'l bre dee Anggedd Yo aisliodd bx word) ont navwied tors pil # Qoql “vi giimisone> rqqoqiv. book asbow besmists odve catia ~27 ai 2inetsT b‘poitnoniwods odx yd bobasint rrabootl a, oH 19vi ont te Hoesen, Hasso’ ‘‘ dae. oda rodigd WT | 152 tad no iabavoll only od OF hooftvebau od b'uodt alae agg) 10 fisnveD & wen vor) add doyt wlth ai noquarsd WT. ba 7 Yeded ao enctisy aistiea gaiSerib” rebaQ ow bowl ‘sinigi¥ 7. of eiosinqosL od2 Yo sails mo exedio sagen! avior add 30.2? » siecn Oo bee rovik bia ont Ye vad sant ‘ods youn, bas wai ag asset ody ni sada bas awed beianse) acen. olt ot auoqodd, riod » aa Io AtoD ods ai gniyh bam yas wt owt byork sa9t6F on: omnia “ewisingord ods 10 rome sd? moi ‘erties t9yiA hie see od) yd ops wedmeiqed Yo “®e ona b'awiet enw nogo ‘adT jedwe yd aed TY? yetolwe: ybtaiel gob dod ao, enoilimmnaD , “ftogual oda 2 doidw ravedtib somes yous many. eu sbuxingab/ layps to ad es saad or mph yout tae Aud inoue xin hod msn adr bas bovivos egw omg aida pgyt al, el Yo obenrrnsed biel anne) lersvee reds bomolai ased gaived xa Pe of ysbavoll eid nidsiw, 9d oF bobaodeaqgs ed dowtw ebost, . o? hnO ne bonimdo bar, Lins: ub loi. eid 07 b'ylqaA., on 10 aside oration oY winapi Yo nomvee) pete noifimyjroO’ ai ondv (svit yribaooxs ton) aepimresneiAcache t biol oda yd bssuqsb: berm: bomen odor radmu ile: 7? ee ‘a¢ wT i 3 _ - ; ce > oe a, & wh i} fa eG wag t ( as J, i = y : 5 Yo. eoebauoll edie: ‘oela slat bas youu OF Ne ain rs | ae ; -sq ada to ean T od of oidesorge bas ef soaga oda .nicsive exnisio. sess ahead out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 133 “of two Years after the Arrival of this Order and that the “¢ Lieutenant Governor do not prefume to make any Grants of ‘¢ Lands within the abovementioned Tra& It does not appear that this Order tho’ obtained in 1733 was notify’d to Maj’ Gooch the Lieutenant Governor till the Year 1735 during which time Grants were made by the Lieutenant Governor of about 300,000 Acres of Land in that Diftrict In 1735 Lord Fairfax went to Virginia with the faid Order and having prefented it to the Lieutenant Governor a Commif- fion was Iffued by Him to William Byrd John Robinfon & John Grymes Dated the 7 September 1736, “To Examine Settle & determine all Matters & things touching & concerning the Several Boundaries according to the true Intent & meaning & genuine Senfe & Conftru€tion of the Several Letters Patent granted for the Said Tract & Territory The Lord Fairfax gave alfo a Commiffion to the fame perfons dated the 9g" of the fame Month “To make or Caufe to be made any Survey or Surveys they fhall think proper for the difcovery of the firft Heads or Springs of the Rivers Rappa- hannock and Potowmack & other the Boundaries of the aforefaid Grants and to make a full and exaét Report of all the matters of fact and other their proceedings Specially to the Governour and Commander in Cheif of Virginia in Order to be laid before his Majefty for his Determination This Commiffion being Different from that granted by the Lieut. Governour the perfons therein named declined to A& under it, Whereupon the Lord Fairfax four Days after granted a New One to Charles Carter William Beverly and William Fairfax Efg® with power to furvey & Report only till fuch time as his Majefty fhall have given his Determination upon the faid Boundarys | After fome difpute between the Commiffioners for the Crown & thofe for Lord Fairfax in relation to the different wording of 739 July. snitiexe’l oT SECT WH | Bas adi bowel ry a gninisono> & ynidouer egaiils r exoria Ml fis sniemtatab ‘et pia vitinsonmt A instal su oft oF pitiresss asiiebnoll Letsyse odd there bitin’ Itovee a te noifourlinoD Reccrig ‘it i tego pete enw sett ni benixtdes ! “isoqqs ins Y oft {fit 1ormvee menesshT od}, ) Val insriowusil oH yd prot, poreseaeshis peas Bid sadd of Doe Yo aoA 000,008 | robi®) ‘hist ody ctw ainiyniY o} mb xaliis’ bol 3 ‘tim s ronsvoe weaved ond oF ti botnst 8 ndlnidoA sol beg annie dy mil yd b Hae st hari ts v0 aroniai afi ite to ae hen’ tes tat é ism ¢ of tae a wortravot) wt o7 yliaivag® ege stsoes aps, adie. | soled bist od oF vaabiO ai sinigiV to 4 ae ie i : Reernit eid wor i new bas bet nati a ee a 1 somit Howl this yine nogod B tig oF Towog ‘diiw * pd Xetra tT | bist sels ooqy westpon at | vs [el aid 2. mor ota ot at9ite ~ 132 Proceedings of the Commuffioners to Lay 1739 their Powers they proceeded on their Survey but not being able July. t6 Agree upon a Joint Report made Seperate Returns each of them accompany’d with a Map defcribing the Courfes of the Two Rivers and the Outmoft Lines of the intermediate Land which Maps are hereunto annext We fhall now take Notice of the principal Matters contain’d in their differént Keports to gether with the proofs and Grounds upon which they proceeded The Commiffioners appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in behalf of the Crown in their Report fay © ' That they took their Survey of the main Branch of Potow- “ mack (called Cohungorooton) from its confluence with Shar- ** ando, and fo upwards beyond the blue Mountains to its firft “ Spring head, and of the River Rappahannock from its fork “* purfuing both North & South Branch to the Spring head like- “‘ wife & found the North Branch to be wider at the Mouth “than the South by 3 Poles g Links, That they can find no «¢ Evidence that the Fork of Rappahannock was known at the “ time of Lord Culpepper’s Grant ‘That the Lord Fairfax has “ provided no Evidence to Support his Pretentions to the South “ Branch” But they the faid Commiffioners Offer fome in fupport of his Majefty’s which are chiefly Arguments Inferences and Deductions drawn partly from the Senfe of the Legiflature in Virginia and partly from Grants of the Crown They then purfue their Account of the River Potowmack and refer to the Depofition of Thomas Harrifon taken upon Oath before them “That the falls of Potowmack were not known 50 Years ago” They farther fay “ ‘That the Lands at or near the Falls were “not granted till 1709, and that it was not known that the “River runs thro’ the Mountains till Several Years after, ** "That the River lofes its Name at the Confluence and is called “by the Indians as it goes up higher Cohungorooton & Shar- ““ando” And conclude ‘That the Fork may not improperly ae ent SPER | sbdniggind: cepacia on ‘Yo done enue otsi9ged al od to esto ods. pert in bis I stsiboarisini ody vo 'niginon erie Loe oil to wheel stat woa | bay ow ebnuor) hae ctoorg, ods dv sadvog of arroqa sl amb io “ tt aye | babsegorq, eds dei ve ty Be romvoe) snansteiul: sda yd basnioggs eronoifticanoD oT bie poy ogee riod mimayorD adj Yo tered al cigigni i -woIol to donmé niga od} ave tisds loos yout if ~1EKA div 7 9OTIOw coe ait gerd (hvoton ssognuitod bolls) soem * fralh esi : entis) nro Dl aut ai ae ebiswaqit ot bns ae Are ott vntroad,, dloc Toa: _— qe. pine lo bas ebaort gang x “Ail bd oh? ad od ot dosed dined’ s 2B dino ‘hod gaiih ag =) dauoW or sets on #8 dons a inoVi ods bauct B sliw, ™, a ow. bat mee youd ‘ed that @ slo ig yd dwod od ned tt a5” ody mm nwond, 2aw. dona nee at to d104 oft reels sonsbiva a eer vrei poL otls goth saan) 2% ag: oglu biol io omit 7 fivee oid of anoles ott “tah 2 HOCENG * oon abival, on babivesg ni sain’ wR (> ea0itin Te, bia ty yoets sof Y done » rT te siadaind ain nentrguh, vhs cyte: mS te doithw . a ML aid io joqail ms wishigot-ods to st nol ails. supa ynag awerb snoifiubsl ba eS nyt? al a nwo1d ad? te aig mot yliisq ba boa « sin e" i ~ od? os vitor bna dosmwmoted, r9viA ods to 1nwoag A eee oq cs moti soled dicO noqu sagas nolinis Hi eamod'T. to aoisi “Oma e rine Y- Oo aveoud yon o10w aoemwoioL ‘Yo alls od ae stove ells oes 189lt 70) tn. dbo cody aed T a» * ust woddaaah 9 ody sada worl som gw ai 36 la bas. QO fis _«bemnsig, | pants et oY: inser WOa Alix: anisaauoM, a ta ’ belles ai brs sonaultnoD odi Ts son ei pace ¥ wit? Bt nosoo vgn io roigid qu #903 “yh ne uit — ao ies Es wt out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 133 “be call’d the head” which Opinion they endeavor to corrobo- rate by faying “That as the head of Potowmack ftretches “ beyond the blue Mountains, and that of Rappahannock “reaches no higher than thofe Mountains they coud not be - “ intended as Boundarys by the Grant of King James fince the “.one reaches above 200 miles above the other” Sea They conclude their Report by Stating four Several Bound- arys for the Lord Fairfaxes Grant, and mention what Quantity of Land each of thofe Boundarys contains “The firft from the Fork of Rappahannock to the Fork of ‘“¢ Potowmack containing 1476,000, Acres of Land “The Second from the head of Hedgman River to the Fork “¢ of Potowmack containing 2033.000 Acres of Land “The third from the head of Hedgman River to the head “¢ Spring of Cohungorooton containing 3872.000 Acres of Land “ And the fourth from the head of Conway River to the head Spring of Cohungorouton including the Great & little Fork of Rappahannock containing 5,282.000 Acres of Land The Papers referr’d to in their Report are 1 The Governors Commiffion to them which was to examine Settle & Determine. : 2 Lord Fairfax to them which was only to Survey and Report. 3 Lord Fairfax’s Commiffion to Meff™ Carter Beverly & Fair- fax which was to Survey & Report only. 4 Depofitions taken upon Oath of John Talliaferro, Francis Thornton, & W™ Ruflel who feverally declare there were no Inhabitants on either fide of the River fo high as the Falls even fo late as the Year 1707. 5 A General Map of the Delineations of the Courfes of the _ Rivers from the parts where they began their Survey up to their refpeCtive Spring heads 6 A Copy a Grant from Lord Culpepper to M' Brent and others in 1686 of Land to be laid out Six Miles diftant at leaft from x739 July. aa a -cdoried of soveebad e wh = gator donarwoie 1 "" dsoadedagqet Yo weil sai pet» AV NA ‘od jon bua yor? of} soni) esmal grit have > ais sods rim cos ova Tied -bavoll Istsyad 1dbt galaese yd noqoS riod t 9 sti isdw novos bas tam aaeaee bod ods hae ‘anistnes visbnuofl dtodd Yo geo baad - to d1oF ody of Sbonimlaanelt Yo tod ony mot puso hy bas] 1 era 000,Ot pt gainizings. dosemwotot ” trot ort of vovil nemghsh Yo buss ods mort bnore2 wid od bas ‘to ek O6c.p¢08 gnidisino> doam ° » bead orks Ot wi nneagbatt to bear onda mon brids od bral to eh oco.ce Re gainintroo noteoregautloD Ye gning? * oi} sowed yswtod to bead ors mot diwuot ofa bnA? | slit Boas) sth yeibytom sotoregen dod to. | baa! Yo 219A 000,886,% gainiainod Joonnthaggadl mae iain gun Togas tiod? nit ox b*riston qa’ orn ext o enw toile eaisdd 03 noittmnenoD eton19¥ ri : ) eiongrt onnsileT ‘eae to re) oe 2 ies 1. | on stow siod? orsiash shaoyst od odiw den s elias od? es shad oh haute srt at aay’ C 1739 July. et 134 Proceedings of the Comunffioners to Lay the Main Rivers of Rappahannock & Patowmack which being laid down in their Map as taking its diftance from the North Stream they Quote it to fhew that the Original Pa- tentee always underftood the North Branch to be the Main Branch + Governor Notts Grant, to Henry Beueile Efg' of 1920 Acres in Effex County ten Miles above the Falls of Rappa- hannock in November 1705. 8 Two Grants from the Governour to Robert Carter Eq! for Land in the Fork of Rappahannock 12 Miles and more above. the Falls in January 1717. 9g Two Grants to Philip Ludwell Efq' from Lady Culpepper of 5860 Acres above the Falls in June 1709. 10 Henry Willis’s Patent for 3000 Acres of Land in the Little Fork of Rappahannock from Governour Carter in February 1726 11 The Depofition of Thomas Harrifon who declares upon Oath that the Falls of Potowmack were not known fifty Years ago Dated in June 1737 | 12 Letters Patents from King Charles the Second to the Earl of St Albans and others 13 Letters Patents from King fancip the Acco to Lerd Cul- peppet The Commiffioners for the Lord Fairfax in their Report give an Account -That) the Difpute between the Crown and Lord Fairfax being which is the Main River of Rappahannock the North or .South Branch as appears by the Order of the Governor & Council of Virginia in 1706, to which they refer as alfo which is the firft head or Spring of Powtowmack) they have Survey’d and meafured up the River Potowmack from the Mouth of Sharando and that of Rappahannock from the Falls to their Refpective Heads or Springs, And are of Opinion that a Line oT, ; pe i, a ee oF : | ee Ut wu ) ' en ~ owe ~ eye — vb) . A hae ; Set, ive , i oe i f 7 at PLT De » : Cd 4 M ve pratinmmrenyrrar auld uy a pi bi -c {enigixO ada tors wold of a stow) yor ene nisl odi od 03 donardl . ni et ‘y oeegibes oxo: to ‘pa ylovedl ‘eitdibn al seal ano ; ae to alla oaks ovods alii no yin xi oles .pors todinsvoM ni. vid 101 ‘pl toms sisdoH oF qwomisvor) adt mon em ow' tt ovods s1om bas eli ox drocussalnqye Ht to dn0% odds ai b s Se i aA: soarul sie as Yo reqqoqinD: ybal «ea "iH Howhut gifidd oF ams owl ©. LPORE, onw[ ai altel ots ovods e2A, o082 - = hS alii od) nicbasd YeleerA- ‘COE toi sated 2'2illiW ynoH. ox 7 ie yiswided ai rons) ROOTES ricvit seni Joh Bom -. oot Osyr, i. an noqy esisloeb ow wShivanll eeepod T te as i od T SE tdd oie. yi awend jon s19w ceeeet Yo alle orls decks se “ONE TT caw, ni bore cogs ao | er i Leal 91 oF bno: v2 silt son gaia mow eel, erastot $1) et) erste bas ensdlA 2 to.» a ~lW biol od baoaee ‘a zommel ot cee eonad et a 3 waa ‘ , a ’ nil eer ai thigh “eta orks: 8 oneinaeD aE Fas Ras. xshizd biol bie ‘sient ie ‘awd: 2 odd (Qs ; Wid ‘ a 10 dno odt sooanadaqqgs A’ io tevisl nisi oat. doi ge % tomavol) st Yo ‘rebiO ads yd ewoqge ex donne da doidw ole 26 wisr yod? doidw on Qoyt ai sinigni V Ae. fe ws b'yavweé ove yods (doemworwol toning? 20 ba , i od, Yo dauoll ‘oda mont aoamrwoto'T rviSh ods us bar riot op elie'l ots ‘mon aoomnsdaqqeS, To ae dees oni & reds a Yo ots brA aganga 10 ebro! out the Bounds of the Northern Neck. 135 run from the firft head of Spring of the South or Main Branch Piso of Rappahannock to the firft head or Spring of the River Pow- July. Reser aceeet towmack is and ought to be the Boundary Line determining the faid Tra&t or Territory of Land commonly call’d the Northern Neck They refer themfelves to the Evidences produced by the King’s Commiffioners (quoted in the other Report) that the two Branches of Rappahannock were always called the North and South Rivers or the North and South Fork and that the name of Rapidan was given to this latter by Colonel Spotfwood when Governor as alfo toa Declaration of One M' John Tallia- ferro that the Heads or Springs of the faid two Branches were known in 1682, And to their own Surveyors Report in proof that the South Branch was the wideft They fay their own Surveyor made a miftake in going up Conway inftead of Thorn- ton River which they have caufed to be dotted in token of the Lord Fairfax’s claiming it The Papers referred to in the above Report are 1 The Order of the Governour and Council of Virginia in 1706, direGting a Survey to be made of the Iwo Branches of Rappahannock to fee which was the Main Branch, This Order is referred to by the Lord Fairfax’s Commifhioners to Obviate the Objections made of the Forks never having been claimed by the Proprietors or their Agents 2 The Evidences produced by the King’s Commiflioners of which we have already given your Lordfhips an Account 3 A. Declaration of John Talliaferro This Declaration is an- nexed to the abovementioned Order in 1706 and is only a Copy and not upon Oath It contains that about 24 Years ago he in Company with Col? Cadwallader Jones had been at the Heads or Springs of the faid Two Branches and that in his Judgment and that of the Company with him the South Branch was the Biggeft & headed into the Mountains. evi uk wot soit ‘ls Yo : yd RinerONee coals en a odd sarly brie do D! ‘tht bom isto “a3 py -eodonmd ow'T sit to shear ad 7 yorwes ® gah te ps mode sad? anim IT! dO _ il Af : a ofs sada (rioqoM alto od? at von dnoVl ori belles eyaitlis sane a hoowhogé fsnoloD yd assinl ali of navig. 2ew i pia + ork va = on -sillsT nitol M s0O Yo noiniiefotl 8 ot dif es jontavoe) , 7 sow esdortinG -owr bid ‘omy. Ww agihiy? 10 ‘abso ae oust Joo1q al nogqeA eoyaviie mwo ‘isd oF baA | 881 ai nwoad nwo tied ya yod’T Siebiw’ set enw sboasel Asyo! oda suds -niodT to basfinl yawadD qo geiog al sdnflim & obam 109 . ofl) Yo aaxox ni bihoh od GY wiper end edt Le By iA nos S18 neil gvods nil ni oF atau 219¢ f ry bo vi sinigiY Yo TionvoD bad thont vot) 913 Yo 4 aif dont mish od eee toitw oot Speii 10 a5 . ad eonomMinmoD y ‘nating brad ods ‘d o borisiot 2i 19b3 asod ynived 19v90n edo ods to ober enol 23 idO orf ivd' exagiA Had to exotsiiqort oda yd bon io eonoiltienmoD eyniA ors 4 bsowborq teehee nual. ax aqidtboot moy novig bss vad au -oe 2! noiveislsoC] eid T onsiailisT aol 0 110) e ylno! et bog doyt Ai tabi” yoni ia daisy 16 nood bed eonol zohellawbel) sto) iter re sqrt | ni tem bas esdonns ow” bit oft Yo te divoe oly onid doi yee’ ot Yo ec , Leshamacimaoy oly: ‘i tabaci s the 136 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay 1739 4 The Surveyors Report which afcertains that the South Stream July. was 21 Miles longer than the other ‘eons We having likewise on this Occafion been attended by Coun- cil & having heard M' Attorney and Mr’ Sollicitor General on behalf of the Crown & M' Brown and M' Murray for the Lord Fairfax We fhall give your Lordfhips a Brief Account of the Principal Points infifted upon by both Sides The Council for the Lord Fairfax opened with an Account of the three Grants and infifted ftrongly that the laft being an enlarging Grant made with a View of Supplying any defects contain’d in the former and haveing thefe remarkable Expreffions the firft heads or Springs of the faid Rivers could leave no Room to doubt of his Lordfhips Right as there cou’d be but one firft Head or Spring of a River, ‘That the two Branches of Rappahannock having till 20 Years ago been allways called and known by the Names of the North and South Stream of Rappahannock form but one and the fame River. That Rivers not running Parallel may neverthelefs be Boundarys. That the Extenfivenefs of his Lordfhip’s Grant can be no Reafon againft it if the Title is properly made out as they conceived it was by the Defcription of the Words of the Patent. "That neither the ’ Falls of Powtowmack, nor its confluence with Sharando can be called the firft Head or Spring being both Currents or running Streams “That the Land on the other fide Vizt Maryland is bounded by the fame River which is in all Writings called Powtowmack. hat there is no Evidence to Support the Af fertion that this River lofes its Name and is called Cohongorou- ton. That the Lord Culpepper fo long ago as 1686, made a Grant himfelf to Brent and others (as is beforementioned) and that Lord Fairfax contefted the firft Grant made by the Crown in 1705, within this Diftrict On behalf of the Crown It was infifted that it coud not be fuppofed that the Letters Patents intended an indefinite Grant ‘yed'T ¢oorl of ORO ret} eoMaonA a‘xatie biol yd cbse ver OA sonit glsivedle egahge a - yinourin6s, ors yor? eh” sods Yo enobgisisd BW bollsx won ai dedw tety jo omit ois 12 awond Bas-beliea of esw gnigé : 16 te sider Yo enoidg! ate fh emesidadal odi yd 9 > bitd sno tid niguord ‘veil aba so = po yo iw tlugsT # Son teh We aooneeds ‘ St aa eee ¥ ot of en BZ HieO’ Hoge noadet won 9B ygo) & 2d gnisd ano -5¢ otasVi yd “2 brotka a as oh tis 38 omen doemwotod avis yet Tl obnived? bas nomerogrono) dive sonsufiio2, ati baoy : eniige on od si19dd Ti oninVl eit astol-rovisl 9 oiedw goalq sd3 om ae) ni wd 311% tee Silt belles ylisqorg od. ysea gio) 4c eat nelfistod aduob Yas ai svoda doidw ng enn blo-do iD levee todd B art fied adt ee noqe: 3deol nosd aybyr FBinftich #ii? ai awor) oidt rebaw bled s19W | oe byiqoa enw it if it , xT to ing) Shit ont | i 10} bebnainods atl oly wl a ret ‘UCd sity POY! iti fio VI yontsvon) yd shar tei bai -aqgeSl sds Yo esdonel owt eri Yo wri ‘od 3 ok 7 6 93 +3 pac Vs nein Pare. ried bard Pris ae mer, avons: adr to Push, ni sink 00 a Ib in : bonimineyT gaqed ond Hi. Biniaieds,. | rg lionwotd ods yd noqu bafhilni -enio tis) aif ott Makes enoiterde ome) salen a, ae 138 Proceedings of the Commiffioners to Lay That there was a difterence in the two Commiffions granted by the Lieutenant Governor and the Lord Fairfax to the per- fons employed in this Difquifition The Governor’s Commiffion ceming to exceed, and the Lord Fairfax’s to fall fomething fhort of the Words in the Order of Council tho’ in all proba- bility no Decifion of this Matter in Virginia Cou’d have been final till it fhou’d have received his Majefty’s Determination That notwithitanding this Difference in their Cormmiffions both parties proceeded upon their Survey & the Maps returned by them refpectively to this Board do Agree almoft in every particular as to the Courfe of the faid Rivers as well in thofe parts which are difputed as in thofe where there is no Conteft except only that Lord Fairfax’s Commiffioners have added a fmall River on theirs towards the head Spring of the South Branch of the Rappahannock which my Lord’s Council have agreed to give up and to found no claim upon the Courfe of the little River fo added The firft Grant made within the Tra@t contended for which has been laid before us was by the Lord Culpepper to Brent and others in the Year 1686, which was two years preceeding - the laft Patent and that the firft Grant made by the Govern- ment of Virginia to M' Henry Beverly referred to above was not till the Year 1705 which gave rife to a Difpute between the Patentee and the Government of Virginia and occafioned the Survey of the two Branches of the Rappahanock River in order to know whether the North or South Branch was the larger and confequently which of thofe two Branches fhould be the Boundary of the Proprietors Grant We find no Inftance after this of any Grant made by the Government of Virginia till the Year 1717, to M* Carter but we find two Grants from Lady Culpepper in 1709. to Philip Ludwell Efg' There have alfo been fome Grants made by the Government 7a Sh) : : ; 5 i Vio tae ee © , ® “a0 j Vs MC, ie ; j : - ss * cy ; Uy as a ; ’ st A » > ‘ 2) te i en rie} ay ° * @ a eae 3 tak: basnatyg £ eT | 5 ib a ee hie tons VOL) Jags avid noihimenoD 21011 19VOU & ; ia i . et 3 - c qut goisvoract Ite ot ae eg im bas 4 -sdonq Ila ni ‘orls lise uipD-Aey9bYO- ods almeb: nood oved b'uo) siatgV¥ at aongh aids ming slid noiteniens19C1 atyhojahl eid bavioses rus salah aaa :} enoitimmoO riers ai some ) for 3 % tasibeds fom sirasaet aye eo: a gneve sidmud sn SR i | ea ‘wosno!: mews aes >: RE aan as pal | wacare WM EN ’ i ae Ot ae 8 : | @g mania TT SR RR BR cs . teat ‘oe Dee ee, ee hl ee hae, ie Ae cet a tA hie Me, yh: Bele ate aoe veya, ne eo AN ESSAY Br Re Popa CeO. Lonpon, APRIL 157, 1692. Df AVING once more made an attempt about Bulke, tc get it recommended to Virginia and Maryland; and 4+. on this foot that it may be more gratefull to have the Remedy in your own hands, than in any other. We fhould hardly give ourfelves the Trouble, did we not fee the abfolute neceflity of fome meafures about it to be taken: or elfe all fair Trade muft ceafe; The Evils that attend the prefent practife are intollerable to trade, and greatly prejudicial to the Govern- ment and Navigation. What general Reafons are offered, you will receive hereafter, We fhall only at this time give you the trouble to debate the Juftice of fuch Prohibition on account of Trade, And in order to it would obferve what is commonly objected againft it, And fo leave it to any impartial Man’s Judgement, that hath had any experience in Trade to determine the Cafe As to the Detriment to Trade, we fhall not look back many 5 pera ce ty ues a i" tA ae ne cane a ae : va ay SN BA a an Bir ivoren ates UA ODD KaOT 2aTR Ser oes auxh moawod | ae i OR ee eRe mine te sine et fee > ot »llvll sgpoda iqenyttn 6 sbam stom sone DUIVA bas ¢ bastyisM bns sinigai¥ oy. bobuontmoze1 ai 39g ady syed 07, llvisaetg sx0mt od yar ai reds toot eid? no bluedk o VF, odio ye th feds band wo qwoy al rf swlolds. ait, 92h, Jon gw: bile galduorT oda aavishuo ovig. vidt Ue Sila 10. : potas od oF ti qwods-zominonm omol jo wi: p StiPexq indie odt baste ted elivad odT Asso Aum sberT - -19v00) 9d 08, Isisibujanq energy bas ,sbsi ot aldsisilotai ors, | VOY chaise gin anoles Sd leroy, meV -hoiisgivet baa 30900 oft woy-ovig omit ida ae yaotindt oW dsttesed Ngee ool to Jauo208 Mo. noisididort doi To soe “bd siedab oF ylaomunte> et Isdw ovrdlde, bluow a Pe’ ‘wbro nb bah ¢ ena {sirtegmi ens oo it oveat A bak di — -eninmoessh oF sbert ni ianiags eg bad teed ct 2 yowen, doad aay ion ne aw w ober 0 oF ie - An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 141 years, leaft it may be fuppofed that we can’t exactly remember 1692 what happen’d at fuch a diftance of time, tho’ this Evil dwells April, too much in all our memories : Pai Bulke Tobacco hath the two laft Years in this Port of Lon- don, been not lefs than one penny @ pound lofs to the Trade in general to all that have in Hogfheads paid freight and Cuftom, in that it hath been fold 13¢ @ ib cheaper than fuch paying honeftly their juft dues could afford it: By which means all middling Tobacco hath been contemptible, for in the Room of fuch Bulke was acceptable, if not more on fome Accounts in refpect that it was dryer, as well as cheaper. So that by this means all fuch who give Life to Trade by their Adventures, whether Merchant or Planter, muft be content to fit ftill while fuch Bulke is fold and confumed at mean rates, before they can fell, and then they have a Market fixed upon them by fuch as pay no freight, or at leaft next to none: and by many ways gain out of the Publick, which no Merchant or Planter can be capable of doing: To give only one Inftance that is juft now before us; Some have fold Bulke Tobacco at 14¢ & 2‘ at the maft, which hath been fold at 63° @ Ib by the buyer here, which is really to fell for lefs than nothing by any that fairly pays freight & Cuftom ; and by this means at this day Tobacco is at one penny @1b lower than in all reafon it would have been, had not the Importation of Bulke brought it down, and this is aggravated to the fair Trader, becaufe all men are not ‘able to bear an equal weight in Trade: fo fome will be forced to Submit to fell off at the low price which the dealers in Bulk have fet, to the intire ruin of the Market, ‘To prove this is not difficult, becaufe very confiderable Quantities of Sweet To- bacco hath been fold at 734 & 74 in intire parcels, and for no other reafon but becaufe bulk Tobacco foreftalled the Market ata Shameful price, And Trade being thus broken, its not poffible to fupport it. So that whatfoever may be fuppofed to Sy pe saute Est mak allow ina Toor ie ae ie Ww HoT sav at pia | ni sbér'T ond of dol BaweN @ weinsa one ner — motiu'D bas shin univeq doul aads 1 } ay ° . lis annoct doldw yi - iH ‘habe blues oak Aaj tines Uisacd lo moo ods ai 104 didagmsines nosed disd ooxsdoT goilbbim si wavo22A sand) me ces ton hed omeome! pine = out ainfa yd add 98 2 Gi - astumnovbA, tisk yd a ‘e ‘WEE ovig ers hah i ti . slither | if ‘a OF InsiD od: Her | sonal 10 Intetlo1o ME rdrodw . nko yout oidted ese stoee se: boasting bas blot ei salu dow ae ex hod yd med) mequ boxit todsM és syed yor) moda bes (ist a ayew yas. yd bas cemem-es axon Aes! te.10 Sdgisit. om yaq | . od mea tosislh 10 ronetoeg Mi. eon doidyw doildud od Q fis: On Py wt aneld sored ato ylao ovig of : gniob t dq -) aft ac *s A ALn ie odade'T Y sdlvd blot oyed. ommo@ yew aolod aried qd ‘os ad df wee 26 bia need, died doidwe Dbsen yitidd tacky yas, xd gridzen rel atol iat iis, oO leet 3 oanuda T ab eid 38 ane airs xd bas a9 BD & Ig y oved bluow si noinor Us Bic pals, owl dig ve ng SHO. bus ,awob i adguerd salud to noinersogenl ode ton re ton og nom Us auposd toberT niet odd ob RIg3! boat orl Hive oenoh ol ie See op? dfod ni az alas od, doidw. ast wol a lon 2 eras a101Kq oF. ‘ ate 7 1 lonis -of sow? do goit ee | 6 bina» ov hu on rot bas loging aisak ni. k 2 hs 1 a, , todizli ods bollafiow ooondo'T ald goed 3 jon 23 pdtond ewtla yniod ‘obsrF b bad. ,.,20isq I hoi OF batogqall od oo a _—_ oe 3 an qs a 2k 1692 April. em amet 14.2 An Eiffay on Bulk Tobacco. be gain’d, by the buying Bulk Tobacco of the Planter, is ten ° times more lofs in the Mifchevious confequences of it to the general Market, For tho’ its true fome Tobacco that is pecu- liarly choice & good (which is not the tenth part of what is imported) yeilds more than the reft, yet in the Calculation good is concerned more-eminently, as being the Bulk of ‘Trade for if we confider the Merchant or Planter Adventurer, they are both one, if they be eat up by any injuftice of Trade, it doth cer- tainly at laft fall on the poor planter; for fuppofe any one buys 100 Hhds (a thing fo often happens) and makes nothing of them, can it be imagin’d but the next Occafion will be to run down the Planter; it will be fo inevitably. But on the other hand can it be poflible trade can give any encouragement and the Planter be ignorant of it; or did he ever in that kind fail in Sharing in the Advantage of it, it is methinks without Prefident, Now it hence follows by plain reafon, and repeated experience, that the greateft difhonour Trade of late hath had as to the Merchantable Part is this encroaching fraud of Bulk, which of late Years is become exorbitant, We have this laft Year paft had fome effay as to Bulk (not to approve it) but to keep it out of worfe hands by which we find the little Value it amounts to, to an honeft Trader, Our Experience runs thus; Firft it waftes 27 to 30 & 32 cent, which is near 4 part, Secondly it is hereby called Bulk, & is ? @ Ib lefs in Value, and fome 1¢ or thereabouts as it is in kind, or well done Now it is eafy to guefs the advantage, when 4 is loft, and the price fo abated; what may be got muft be faved by not -paying freight, & the tricking the King’s Duty, which can never fall in the poor Planters way or Merchants, they muft pay the extremity to fupport thofe horrible unreafonable and unjuft methods in others 2 But then its objected by fome that this Prohibition would cut out fome fmall fhips that come there, granting that true, where is either the Error or the Evil?. there is no port trading tuo si.qael os tod (1 svomgE or ton) Aull. or es ystts amo bad | bluownolsididort andy. sueld ommol we be {do 2 -199q ef tect piondoT: pods ai ‘atti ai inlw to neq daar pelt dom ai doidw) potent boog nolislyaleD ‘oly ai gig dhor ods rgtl) caeablaedh Ui seh sbsrT Yo.siled ode gaiod 20 Atiooniseestom ‘be died sig yon eisuaayba vsannsed ~w insdowMi, oda. WE Risse) -199 diob 4 obsiT to acai feajeti Yrs yd qu. n9 od. yods Yt ano, ayud ono yar Soqqul wit gasaeplq. weg sda mo Us fel 6 ylnins., reds Io grikion eo cen bamhemsqeped Hote a gaidy ) bh 008 | - awob au ot sd Hiw adit 4x00 odx sud) b‘nigeeiod- sino. : basd sade ods no uth gldssiveni oh od Miwa 2i jromal ort. v of} bas tnsmsgmwonns yas ovig ago oben oldiog edt 3 8D i tut baid asda.oi powe, oe bib ap. ga) Yo, Iastongi, ad 3 i jnasbiterd moda id atudiom ab di (i to ogaionvbA ods ni i | 2 ansiieqxe boisoqor bam yaetees minha xd ewollet somad. ti wot. ae odi o3 oa bed died otel Yo obs wonodlib Reisag od sual Yo loidw alu to buna guidosorons zidy ai tis, aldsinsdoasM fing 129V Asl ids, oved OFF anstid oxo om079d ai zine Y otal 4 of or einuorts 11 aula shail ott bai ow dainty yd abnsd stiow Io epfiew.2i fail .¢ ewdd ean sooty wO. peberT | ftonod. as_ ei si ylbnooed sisq § nom zi, doidw, nse YF gpak og orgs = as 190° sot bas ,owleV¥ oi dal eff & 2), Byllul bolle, ydorad | re Of Nise eth wo anob ligw 30 bail ni a. LM eA ? ve bi i boisds ot soinq odd has Aol: wi nodw. oy) | ods dawg a : ns oft & aidgiod Bniyeq: jon ¢. boval od. Aum 30g pe ee f woog, dd mi Meh FOVORN, Rd. dois gud, a'gaid, odds, same! at Winns .od3,.oqp, am yodd — 10 yaw) zraaels abe ni ebodioas Nujnw bas, oldandtsorny, pidinad, ee owas turds gainsig ~orodd: ormg2 ada eqidht MH aniben nog on’ a: sve ‘ind ott 20 ron» An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 143 to Virginia or Maryland, but have very greatly augmented and enlarged their Ships without any obligation thereto within thefe 6 or 7 Years. And wou’d effectually do it without prejudice if the Trade required it. For its undeniably true that if all Ships of Burden, do fail in proportion cheaper than fmall, there being a Mafter & Officers & more Men to fail a fmall than a large Ship in proportion, fo the larger the better to be navigated to Advantage. Nor is it vifibly any advantage to Virginia or Maryland, that any Ships that can countenance fraud, or can A& that which fair and juft trade can not do, fhould be allow’d, for it is undeniably true, that every penny got by foul Trade, prejudices fair Traders treble as much And whatever the fair Trader lofes muft be foon felt by the Country, Now its evident that Bulk Tobacco only is that, that gives countenance and cover to all great Abufes that are acted in Trade, Firft it countenances the plunder and lofs thereby to Planter & Mer- chant, Secondly it is the only part of Trade can be ufed to defraud the King’s duty, which practice is the deftruction to all fair Traders, Thirdly it is the part of Trade which lays Temptations of mens being perjured, by runing Bulk, and then Shipping it out as if they had paid Cuftom, and fo deiraud- ing the nation of the entire 3? Ib, and many alfo after Shipping out Hogfheads, and fworn to the Exportation, have broken them up for conveniency and foifted it into the Kingdom, and by that means have cheated the Government of 414 P tb, and furprized Trade, by being underfold in the Market, Fourthly it is that which occafions great part of Damage by abufing Cafks to make way for this abufive & intollerable Trade of Bulk, | So that to all fair men it is evidently a ruin & infupportable, and without Remedy will ruin all men concerned whether Merchant or Planter if not prevented, Yea further all fecomd buyers are abufed in it, for by the fraud already offered, all advantages in buying parcells is loft, becaufe Bulk is grown to fuch excefs, 1692 April. ER! oot a ts Yn mA Body nidsive otedy st i voibujony tuodhiw rit of eqit2 Us Yi swirly ose hie ertiod story Unent nade raqeelte ae i tid ob syial 2 mata [eet 9’ [a ee OMA sme BeriRO ot boisyiven od or romed Sad goyral orld 6 to sintgiV oF ogaitevbe! year yaiie 3. na 0H fico io bunt sonaiesawes yred red? eqid2 yuu .b*wolls ad: blaod ob aeeltinRevadr er cober'T fuel yd 09 yenoe evs told oid 9 tit sda wvoindw bak Mout eo older eobarT id eosibujarq ij oa wsbive ati wo “cae ser yd sist aodt od Num etol weber fee . “bas sonastodniieo)\eaiiy! onda ands zi. ylao ooondeT J | ai PHA obeyT ab bothe ora dads adtudA teary He oF 1409 ol & wiisl? of ydewad Mel bas asbavlq ods 2sonknomnado ot belu od ris obaiT 6 neq ino ors ai di Ylbnozsd ams io Hn ox noifsurfsb ody af going toler qth 2 yall ods byetieb hy om (al doitivi ober Yo vg ont ef “a ita T robe Tait oe el pair yd bow) 104 ‘gniod een La 1019 -boctish ol bas mofis® bing bed yas Wee suo 3 gniqgid® nods gnignidd its duly qinsane howe, ia F oy otitns arts te aoisesn ods gai verti neaord overt’ movsnoqn A sd3ot sxowl bas ye anche vd bne phobgat A sels ani 47 badtiot Sng Yor bosinqul bos: dt bs Yo stommeveD iseekaeebaalal ters af ai yldirnio'l)’ senha offs radmenata aa ball sdem of ein) gaituds yd. ggaeniaCl Yo mig 368 wweee waheaps of saddo2 Gtlulf Yo abeT oldarolioani dde itl 20 iL qwodtiw ban ldanoqqitat bal aia a ylinsbive ei te To Insta redid bemgono> ‘agen’ i mt . oe ersud Greve) dle wdnwt ae ni eagetnnyba Tn cbowho ybitsrtaeba clzox>" Haul of eworg: el alee” ‘somod ¥7G2 April. 144 An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. that it is fecretly carried through the whole Kingdom, and poached from village to village. So that all generous trade is loft to the ruin of Merchants & planter Adventurers, Now one notable inftance there is in this particular at prefent, There are fome Ports in England can and do at this hour carry Bulk Tobacco by Land to York & Newcaftle upon Horfes, and there not only fel] but offer to deliver Tobacco clear of all charges to their doors at 3¢ & 3 92 tb cheaper than they can buy it at London, befides the hazard of tranfporting it & carriage, And alfo they carry the fame as. far as the Town of Berwick, By which it is evident they can & do trade at 13¢ @ 1b below us, their carriage & value confidered, all which were impoffible were the Bulk to pay its juft dues, and its certain if it be con- tinued it will ruin all juft trade, of which the, prohibition will give us all a juft and equal foot of Juftice, fome men have ob- jected, as if Bulk “Pobacco were prohibited, many poor planters would lofe by it, becaufe Seamen buy their odd parceils which are not fit to put in Cafks, This may be true, but inftead of lofs to throw it away would be profit, becaufe fuch Trafh is made ufefull when here tho’ at a contemptible Rate, which doth really bring down the Value of better, and its an eafy thing to beleive that if good Tobacco in Cafk will yield 20 or 30° @ Hhd more, its a full recompence to the Planter for the Lofs of a parcell of Trafh, which would not yield them above one “farthing a pound if it were fold in Virginia, It is further urged that by this means freight would be dearer, and fimall Ships would be difcouraged to come there; to which we’ may with great Affurance Anfwer, that it isa miftaken Notion, for freight would be never the dearer, For as fimall Ships are now defigned for the ruin of Trade, then larger & more would be employ’d for the accommodation of Trade, And its evident that if Towns were fettled as places of Importation and Ex- portation in a Short time freight would be eafy and reafonable ei obs? pinky Lie woVh arsuasybA 1 sid T saslorg 363 i} sity ftv ynes, wod 2ids 1¢0h bas oso. sad) bas 20H ooqu a of aoyiad? fle Io issloeaomdeT. 2 | A lao: ie ti yd me yor? nae nagasdo Tree noob baA ogee Bt guingghit to bressd/ods eobiled yd vi ji Boalien to nwoT ght 2m am oomuih odayemepiy au wolod dL "ha 1a ober ab ve apo ysl anobiyae siditoqmi, o1sw doidw Ha giowbinaa: oulay A ogeiven utile “noo od tt ti mints! esi, bara cow flag adi, yoq OF Ale ox axow Dien oitididong,, Bred doidve Yo obev Avi, Ms. niga dt ; an ~do s¥sd moni sino euhul, We took leupa bas Aaj, lls aw ovige q erodasig 1OOG YEE, bovididorg, ore. oopeda T: Alwti Ti en chaRhaj: a doidw allooing bho uisds qed, potise? Ausood tt yd Aol blue - to bes ofa! aud ,u od yam dT ale? ai jug 02 3% Jom-oTR ei evT dod) sessed ihong ad bluow yaws 2 words, of Bok) dich doidy te sl oldisquagiaea # 15 ‘od}, syd, och athy ol re 03, guids ane ih at bar cistted Ye onis od, aweb gn rid | ulinsa F ‘og. 1-0 bloiy fiw Ae wi earsdod boog. ii sda avila Yo Blo! odd 107 roel add ot III Ut « esi sia ayedgs. meds, bloig iO" bluow soichy, eltaT io Mooiag) & vodomdl , at 31 siaign Y ti blot, Bialall ‘ti, i bavoq-s geek lism’ haw yivisab od blue wgdgio’ ensaen, ent pra agus yam ‘gw. doidw. 03 gore Sag aye Tb: s agit” vol noite Vi nodes hie, Rai tt sails eowlnA sa uit won oie eqide Inert a6 od gowab oils Tovon.od thu od bluow 930m % seyret nods easy T ro. ; 1 | inshivg, esi bnA ober. to soi bemmoros, 9d) ix “xd bos oolsnoge, Yo, avnalg. as ; | sidénclgoy bas yee. ad, idles igi out An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 14.5 toa defirable degree, far beyond what can be poffibly imagin’d 1692 by any other method, JBefides fuppofe it were granted that April. freight would be dearer (as it is not reafonable to fuppofe) If Virginia & Maryland do but confider how the Traders have furnifhed the Trade with new Ships, to the wonder of all men to a degree exceeding all the Trade in Europe, yet what would 5° a Hhd freight be, to the advance of 20 or 30°a Hhd value in the Market, it would be recompenfe enough to retrieve Trade from inevitable Ruin toa profit. So that Argument we humbly conceive is but weak. Some further urge that the Commiffion~ ers of the Cuftom Houfe are fo curious, that they know how to prevent the running of Bulk & fo will prevent the prejudice that way. ‘To this we Anfwer that thofe who Argue that way, either do it by way of defien to deceive thofe, whofe intimations and knowledge reach not the certainty of the contrary, or arife from their real ignorance of the thing, for this we affirm, that as its now manae’d, its not poffible for the Officers of the Cut tom to prevent it, becaufe ’tis carried in fuch places where none are, and into by ports, where feldom any Importation is made, and what by the neglect, and treating & corrupting thofe little mean perfons its effectually done, Befides fuch vetlels have Boats that come out to them and take it away before they have been under the cognizance of any Officers, And notwith- {ftanding all Endeavours made in the port of London by the Merchants to get it prevented) which in fome degree we have done) yet we find it dayly impoffible to be done effectually, Befides in the out ports they take a Latitude to be 3.6 & 8 months unlading, in which time they obtain means to execute their frauds, in defpite of all care, by procuring opportunities, by corrupting a Company of poor indigent & vile fellows, em- ployed as tides men & watchmen, to attend all this while, Befides we are aflured the North of Ireland and the Weft of Scotland are fully fatished this way, by which means trade is V2 Nec nace Je | J b*nigems stone N ; VA sects bomerg 9 ii ery oats yeltoren ~~ OT (oqqiit on oldanclasy som ab vi = eneneeaiae oved eisbes th oxfs wod yabilaos: aud. ob: His] nom fs lo wbhaow adder gait? oran shine bois bluow t6dw ay qowal ni ober? odds Le onlay bode 2 ‘6g 10 of Wm gtnavbe ods of fod idgiod dH ste ohsiT ovaitter 0) tgvona dasginess: od bliow 2 goad sini 9) yid:ud ow tnscug vA tal e@ sta abt, sind oldssivenimon ; ie waoiliorvme:) oda ted agus vodsiait, SENOS, teow tud ei-oiepeno5 won worst yors tad? evens) 6} o2 olvoll moftvD. ad?Qe) ar saibujerg ora inovoig Lhe ct A ale Yo gninnw) edt sasvengind reve ted) sugrA. orl Sheth teil novanA ow eit oT - od3 rsbaw. seed “i el? yd sobnod Yo s10q odt aivobact muovesbod He gaibush ved ow oetgob omot of domly (beaneverq i099: onemedtinel ewlsussohe snob ed os aldifogsi yiqeb 11 bay ow toy (onob ’ a & 4d .¢ other shure te sales yd? anog Io ods ni obit <> ae s1u29%9 07 ensom niatde vod? seis soitiw ab egnibslow edonom | z 2rvinurogqo: ystkusorg yd gouss Us Qe stigieb ai — “19 ,ewollgh oliy a rnogibai Tomy Yo wage) s ge olidw zit? {He besne“os aromioaw Bonen bb aac bpyolq Yo feW ods: ba baslsil to drei pater ai bax emai idinder’ yt: ia bossa abit : sai ae i DA ‘ 1692 Apnil, a 146 An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. loft thither, and the King defrauded of his Cuftoms in England, and in thofe Kingdoms, and would trade fet up for informers, it cou’d detect many of thefe things every Year, which are now fupported to the utter ruin and contempt of Trade, But we find many pretend, that no Law would prevent it, becaufe after tis Shipt in Virginia & Maryland Mafters and Sailors wou’d Bulk it up at at Sea, and New York, Penfylvania and New England men, would come and fetch it and Bulk it To this we humbly offer that if any fuch fhall fetch it & pay the penny @ ib faithfully as they may be eafily oblig’d to do, their fraud would not amount to much, becaufe if it be prohibited all Bulk wou'd be accounted a fraud and accordingly dealt with. Be- fides the charge and Lofs would be too great to expect Advan- tage by it, And to Ships bound to Europe it would not eafily (if poflible) be done as by the Specimen herewith is eafily evinced, nor can any man probably be capable of doing a mif- cheif twice this way: the price of it at once wou’d cure the future attempt So that its not fo difficult as is fuppofed, to be prevented Befides fuch a law would meet with all encourage- ment from all fair Traders for the detection of fuch Evils and would not be accounted injurious, which now ’tis becaufe all perfons prefume on it as either a priviledge or a Right Finally it is objected it wou’d difcourage Seamen ‘Tro this we cannot but Antwer, that fuch difcouragement (if there were any) would be to the Ships and not to trade, But however the advance of Wages would do and doth at all times command them at pleafure, even to the moft obnoxious Voyages in the World, Befides we affirm, that a Sailor fhall get more by one Hhd entire than by two in Bulk, provided Bulk were prohibited, and all {tood on a juft and equal foot, for by fuch means, there would be an adjudged market to walk by which now is fo vitiated, that he that fells to day, cannot tell what meafures he may take, or what Market may be determined to morrow. | bnalgodh ai so ai rt ero otni ad que 12 91 won sia doidw gins’ : ow afl. ,obarl to. rite dunrod. jt +: we Buk b'vow, etoliee. bine, erofaN b , waVl. bas sineviyias (dot 0 nn nee eid: OT i Alu el beg, ai ome, baa seo bluow. 0 yansq oft yoq. a 2i alonel, Hadt tio yas Yi dads, who xl busi? ried’ .ob.o9 b ‘gilda yllea ad yaon-yods en ylluaidsi Auf te bovididor od tH Shysond lomet ot ign0qta, -94 .diiw ileob ylynibsogos bre, bunths boinwo2as, ie -uevbA Bogxs.o} tserg eee od blvow, dod bas. ognado ods 23 ylitso Jou bluow si oqomtl o3 bavod. aqide 0} jak Al ha yiitas. ai diivroxbrl nomtizag® adds qe ap snob. od. (sida Jien #) getiob Ao aldager oMf qldadong, OAT, YA AOI IOG , ory. s1u9., b‘vow. 9900) te a, to apbug ods 1 Rw eich, 9 bie odd oo balogqul ai eh lusty: eh Jom ast. nod, oe agents, wi ay - | ~2yoUEDNe lie dive seas. biagow: wel £ dour gabilotl _bomayeyg, tah | hus elivl dosh Yo adiddotob. oh od archer D net, tie ined 3a9m0, Sene ‘Ale. Svaoed ait’ won. oldu obmajai botnueson, od. jon bhupiw sdgidl., 6.19 obaliving & vedhii ea Th A vad, erighi gids oT, cepmaned. sgemovlb b wo | - > | 2 19W iat ary earn | soul a i) ‘ui Li py He sti joie | aie o i Sito yd stom 39g Left volied & ind gf at oa ge, batidider orw alwel bobiyorg lui, psig ie AG a . ile s1adi ,2zaxomm dost xd tol tool isups bas Aluj,# 09 ob ai won doidw, yd, dow O2. soahacn bagnt od enidtnorm yerdve, lias, socnng: yeh, me ish acts “worm of bonienisb od yoo sodiehly 3 An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 147 Befides the Trade of Bulk which hath encroach’t to an excefs of late Years, hath deftroy’d all the Senangilts of Trade, which generofity was the Support of it. Now this we prefume to demonftrate, by down right experi- ence & undeniable Demonftration. Within this 15 Years in this City of London was about 20 Worthy Gentlemen of valu- able Eftates, which were termed firft buyers, and did afterwards difpofe and retail it out after bought, to fuch who were the con- fumptors in City and Country, Thefe Gentlemen always kept great Stocks by them, and one or two buying engaged others, by which means trade had its Lifts and Advantages, But fince Bulk hath grown fo opulent & that every Sailor and Woman, and little inconfiderable perfon can buy Bulk on Board the Ships, and Squeefe out by little defigns part of the duties, if not wholly run it, and then carry it from Shop to Shop, and fell it at eafy & low Rates, all fuch firft buyers are deftroyed, eat out, & have given over their former Trade, And none will prefume to attempt it again under the prefent Meafures, fo that of 20 men that purfued trade in this nature, we know not fuch in this great City, that pretend any thing to it. But now every Im- porter is become a common Retailer for 1 or 2 or 3 Hhds, and is no better than a common Warehoufe to every little confump- tor, which buy from hand to mouth, juft as they can fell it. by which means trade is poached; And fome being weary, or im- patient of this little tedious trade force it on to the great contempt of trade, and running the Market down, to oblige a little cuf- tomer ; whereas fuch as were the former buyers of Tobacco, would often to fecure their own profit give trade an advance, which is now the quite contrary. For as no man but the Importer hath (or will have) any Stock in his hands, fo the little buyers not only buy fparingly, but engage all others to the fame, to make their Stocks correfpond with their trade, fo that nothing but a fate or a regulation can give trade Life. ii 2IKD y 21 re nial r penis, se in hy ~slsv to namalinet) yinoW OR twods enw iat te pig ai sbicwrotts bib bas erayud Ma boca: stow doidw oper ol -109 od1 saw oilw doh @% gdyuod, rite 100, i fiztor. ten jie ogti hd evnvels nomolase) dod T eyed bis en nie | ,ziotho hegaga> gaiyud evi 1 20 bas ards yd ator fs “ sont wel .zegeinavbA bas aftit asi bad obs ancort dard 9 smo W bus iolisd yrove tads 2 inaluqo ol wor tad iy bisol no Alu& yud meso acheg sldembiaoont olsail Bria F sont Vi ,2oitub odd Yo txeq aegitoh olszit: yd tuo, Saupe hae 7 3} Hist bas ore a3 qode mon si yr mod bas ai ae sug 165 ,boyorlteh sts exsyud flak dow ile “2010 wol ate is y PTL I IG llinw oor bol bar T 131110) 19d 1919 navig sved & iL; os Yo t0dt ol jexlaell aadieig of? taba figgs 2 iqirtston OF aids mi-dowt Jon worl ow gaansnee 2il3 nit obei} boinuq sail regen “ml yi9v> won we dt OF anid? yee baste sail iD Ig97g brie bath 5 £40 8 10 7. 10h walinto OMG 8 onntozod 7) TI10g ~cerminos oltsil 19 V9 OF Myoders" i norn7ao' & eel voniad on 2i yd si Thst ea yor 28 fui .ivom o2 brad moi jue doidwe “mi 30. gnaw pried gaol bel, ; berlanoq. ai obs ansomt dis IGM2INOD JadTy o¢l3 09 ao ti aac} shen zuoibed alsnil eids Yo iT tio ahiit © ogildo o9 euwob-aota Ms ort gnisgin bas oh | xredoT Yo exxyud isanot of s19w 28 M3 i exoroddw, i oer Lt, qotihvbs .of shes avig. tog nwo: riod ou2st ot noite bl ne ods wd naar on 28 90% oro stlup oils won ei it olisil od3 ot ebiaad aid mi dose yne (oved Uiw, 10) disd venogen: com oft of axodio He ogngne ud clgainadl qud 41 NO tom ety onirdion sedls al obs viods diy bavglor02 is Am oud oben : ovig ns> 148 An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. Some object, it wou’d be beft if all Tobacco were in Bulk, & give this reafon for it, becaufe thereby it would be cheaper, and fo cope with all the Inland Tobacco made in Holland and Germany | To this we anfiver, that it is of abfolute neceflity for pre- ferving the honowr of trade it be either all Bulk or all in Cafk. 1 As to being in Bulk, they that know the Trade do emi- nently know that Tobacco in Cafk is efteemed by all men better than Bulk, efpecially all fuch Tobacco that hath either Honour or proft. 2 It is evedent in Holland itfelf they are fo little in love with Bulk, that the Government there have laid a duty on every hundred pounds of Bulk Tobacco equal toa Hhd of Tobacco 3 If all were bulked, then all T’obacco would be uncertain, fo all the choicenefs of the Trade would be loft in the common evil, whereas now by the care in Hhds by forting, and other parts of Induftry, there is in Holland 2 or 3 Stivers difference between Tobacco & ‘Tobacco which is very great, & the fame in fweet fcented, but lay all in Bulk & all crops of Honour will thereby be totally loft 4 If all were bulked from Virginia & Maryland, it wou’d be difficult fo to order it, as to diftinguifh the feveral properties in a Ship, for from the Method of Antegoa & the Weft Indies, the practice of Bulk Tobacco came up, and in thofe parts all Ships are freighted by fingle proprietors, or two at moft in a Ships whole lading ; which could not be fo well in Virginia and Maryland 5 If all were Bulkt, it would be fubje& to thrice the damage by water, by plunder, by being moweburnt (as its termed) which often happens to 2 whole Ships lading from Antegoa and fome- times to confiderable bodies of Tobacco from Virginia, & Maryland, and fome Ships have been burnt, as late experience hath fhewn | : a ‘ nea a clin ni now oaedoT Mle. Midied od: buoy ceqseda od bluow.2i ydyeadt phased si aot noless, sir bas basiloH ai sbem ogogdoT fansinol ods te a w oqo a be ry . ( Died ni Ue x0 allude Ihe nedtio 'od si abou Boa T ori -im ob ehaxT od) wom tnd yods. aludl ni and one Be. iszied ema Hs yd bomosfie 4 aie mi onaado' TD ted. wonoh yadsis Aged spade sonal T aia tis bepimiven dave Sirol ak oltail. 6b ona eed +i baslloH, ui. Sere: a yiove do yiub « bisl ewad gwdt imsinosyon. ods. tad. ‘alvd vaoede'T oibdH #08 lgupeeoondoT tlytl to ebaueq barbayd cinroons od blow oponded’ fly asda ,bodlud sxow Na. MW g-0'8 La er nominog od2 ni fol od bluaw shexT od2 lo aonsiod> oils Mts ol iy _ vadio bar ,gnind) yd, cil ni once sda iyd woo exsrsdve Jive | | sansistib mevine ¢ 20.6 brelloll oi ai silt eadtubal to. eeg sind ode % (seorg yrov ei saldy ooondoT % ooosdoT, nsewied lliw suonokt to eqora lhe * aut ai Ms yal.gud ,bstasa, soowh ai : Rol yllszoa od od b‘uow Ji ee isa as aictign ¥ moth boxlud s10W ila 1a, ni esineqerq Lmoved ody Atumgnidtib: o2- 2h hl; rabs0.o9 ob shupiib - oibnl feW oda & sagen to bodiohl odamon wi qidds 5 ibe enag stods ni: bas; qu wee barter ie lens betas 4 nf on r tee SRLS ogemsh odd sonds 08 Boidiiiod tion lank svow iis I me doinw (bovrisy eit 2s) senudowonr gaiod xd obaulg yd. 199 | spidh bas sogeinA. iment! gribel eqitt2 olor. & 8 119 ae | % winigi¥ mot oosade’l to eeibod. sidgubitnea: aes aaa gael. am oon net aren eqid2 ome of a a us ot eae fe ae al oe igor * ih An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 149 6 The demand of Trade as to Oranoco Tobacco, is that it be either bright (& then bulking prejudices it) or that trade calls good Leaf, that is fuch Leaf that is waxey & tough, and pliant in its own nature, which is ufed and fold not only in the province of Holland, but Hamborough, Sweeden, Norway, Dantzich, Breeme, Scotland, &* to make up in Roll. now by bulking its certain it would be prejudiced in its quality, which is that only thing that commends, and makes it valuable beyond their inland Germany Tobacco 7 Befides all thefe reafons, this alone were enough, that To- bacco is tranfported from port to port after arrived in England, and therefore Bulk is not fo convenient to tranfport as when in Cafk, not only for its lofs & drying which is confiderable, but its damage, being to all the places above carried in mixture of Goods, and befides its not fo convenient for the Merchant in point of fecuring his property: And (which as before is an Argument beyond all) All Men will give more for it in all Marketts abroad, and at home, and fo it merits a markett, by its being preferved in its natural condition without abufle to its Colour and Quality, and preferves its Scent, which is a great requifite To demonftrate this its evident that at this day, that the Arguments above are true in refpect to Cafk, becaufe tho’ _ Tobacco doth come in Bulk to that excefs it now doth, yet here this Bulk is forced to be pickt and cull’d and is daily re- packt into Hhds & fent abroad, to make it acceptable in the Eve of the Market, and if Bulk were as acceptable; this were Labour loft to no purpofe, And we averr, that no Bulk To- bacco can be repack’t at lefs charge than } & 2 @ Ib, which in time of peace differs little from the freight, to fuch as pay freight for both, efides when ’tis fo repack’t, tis abated more in its value than the difference of freight can amount to, fo that its evident Cafk is the true way of Trade ent ! i sads at ooomoT eseamO) one ina shaw ans 10°( 38 parent's ne brs a a pane | dbsisian iia | Annie ay 231 ynilud yd wor Hoe ni qa vdsm oF anene vino ted? et doidw pyileup ei itt besibujsg od bluow wi ai brielsi sisdds —— ee nae = rtm ~0 T tadt .dguons sw nani pact Siok ils aobislhg” < a -baalyadl mi bovitie rodts req. @? og mon bstodiney dies : ci notw ex nodiusn of teletavres ol tou ei aiva stelsied? bas ud idmabiines at doidw gays & Aol att s0f ylao- son alte io siwixir ob bein svoEdR exdaly oly Us:ot gnisd sygsmneb ai en ai inadowsM@ oda tot sipiiewned dt ton est eshiled bas hood — use voted ex oldu) detAl y yrqorq’ eid giiwodt Yo tniog © llc ai ti tet som vig Hie me WA {ife bnoysd sromigiA yd’ arcdism s ahem A bite senod te bar ,bsords ensaeh” ai or sede modsiv noisthnwe Leann et ai bevisisry’ gaisd ei” 197g 6 ai “dalitve aie asi AesiWinuniny bins ao eee ns" ol orks. ancl: yooke : gidle on sete iis an te aera oT! ae ‘ott oluesoad aed os ‘fSarter iri ound’ 318 ovods sndt | + iy hob won ai Aeoxe: red) oF alle iP omiod! di6b opondoT -o vlinh ai baw b'lwo bas silsiq’ sd ot bool ef” ‘tier ea sy ort nj oldesqoooe 3 sdent-es baotda sad Deb omnis stow wd? z old RUQ239E ek STOW aul Lok bas pana -o'F dhstl om sede reve sw slegtag jon oF | ni woidw leg B $ ned? ogtda par de * aqe 9d 08: 1dgionh yoy es rod oF sense mon olsiil exhib | to om ati ni som bercde ein‘ isaqar ot sit? che eso Jor ai ted? dt (03 Invomss aad sdgis Yo sansr Rib ont inedd soley ; re eS igik: aot 1692 April. Nee ae 150 An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 8 It is evident by continual experience that ‘Tobacco often lies in Holland, Sweeden, &, a Year and fometimes 2 years for a Market, & if Bulk were to ly fo long, the prejudice by it would exceed all the pretended advantage, beyond any difference of freight, and the reafon is obvious to all, And further ’tis evident to all.men trading in Tobacco, that the neat packing of Tobacco in Cafk, is at leaft + B tb advance in the felling now if we confider the advantage és Cafk, and the contrary of Bulk the fancy of that will vanifh, The Advantages are As to its Colour, As to its Leaf, As to its Scent, As to its beauty and acceptablenefs in package, As to its preferving fron damage and Violence, As to its more fecure tranfportation, SI OM FW NH As to its better afcertaining its charge to all Governments, which however flighted is in Bulk trade, very confiderable, Now whereas it is urged to make it as cheap an the Inland ‘Tobacco, We humbly offer in Anfwer, that is impoffible in point of freight duty, and incident charges, fo that the Method muft loofe that efficacy. It is undeniably true that the cheaper it can be carried to other Markets, the better and the more acceptable, & the greater will be the confumption. But fuch cafe ef charge muft be always fo confidered, that it abate not the Efteem of the Commodity you have to eafe. If Tobacco be eafed 1 ® tb which is the moft it can be, toa foreign Market, by the iinet Merchant, who muit pay all duties, (a much greater charge being on Bulk than hhds in all ports) and the Tobacco being debafed 12 @ Ib which a great Quantity would be, where then lies the Advantage of Bulk is certainly invifible to all men that intend & defign a publick Good, 9g Now it is evident that all Virginia & ‘maryland Tobacco 1s a a, soibujorq: on sonsiohib, yar ir: : me sory nee a 2 “ . = dln to ana ols ee es Yo tei itd 18 sane oT dQinsy live sede Yo) 3) “9222 2.02 2A g en pa til Bonsidarqs208 bas wunod, 2x 94, 2A >. ae aanaloiY bas ogamsh mort ynivisiorg, ai @ 2A 2 “ROMA Ogias1) s1u30 s10M ati o. 38 einsmmiayou) {lg o8 agredo eti gninixnools waiiod elt ot 2A. . ae idsrebiues ov whew, ala: fd at bantgih wyowod toidw a. | laa ol} tun qseds as Hi oduen 2 rant ai Si ‘enotod wok | 3 rary hea jo iniog al i sldMaqeh ei tet rowln A. ni “asHto yidewd 9 : Sool Aum bodseM. oa sada of waged mtobioni bre saa ‘ od ano tt reqeodo ols tail) aa yideingbaw 2,31 3 ,sidsiqooon ax08m oft bre waied ony od haiti | sgiads. to sea dou wil wwoigieuitnos oda od fh y 19169 Yo maohd oda son oisde. si tad? gitiod oposde'T oj ne (eneg ite ai ‘eb alu ao ioeia siodlw ead bluow yiasuQ) aati & De ‘bes . ein ei Sethi te | tend soe ip a oldilivai A ag cui ai aly Hs to gerne ‘ . ri ovondoT baal sig te ad) pan £ owias “hie Oe lh An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 1Gt fold in all foreign Markets, becaufe of its ufefulnefs, & qualities ; which Inland & Germany, Tobacco hath not; & the preferving fuch qualities is preferving the Honour of it: whereas on the Contrary, if new meafures be once taken to abate the Qualities of Virginia & Maryland Tobacco, it will bring it into Con- tempt, & the ufe of it will be loft: this is a moft vifible event that appears in the turning all Cafks to Bulk, Viz. That as all Inland & Germany Tobacco is only & properly Bulk, that Sort wou’d be made to imitate it, & fo foifted as Virginia & Maryland Tobacco & fo by degrees would wholly eat out the Trade, & bring it to no value or efteem; “Thefe Reafons may ferve a little to convince, that Bulk Tobacco hath no other tendency in it but the ruin of Trade. That thefe Reafons may be back’t with Authority here follow the Reafons & Ads done by the Government here in order to a recommendation of fuch a Law To the Hon®* the Commiflioners of their Majefty’s Cuftoms, Whereas in the Year 1687 We the Merchants, Mafters of Ships and traders to Virginia & Maryland, did Petition the late King James for a prohibition of Bulk Tobacco from being exported from Virginia & Maryland into England or any other parts, which accordingly had the approbation of the King & Council, & of the hon® Commiffioners of the Treafury, & Cuftoms ; and the late King James was pleafed to recommend that purfuant thereunto, a Law fhould be made in Virginia & Maryland, for the prohibition of the fame; and whereas fuch recommendation was tranfmitted to the Government of Vir- ginia, but thro’ a wrong Information the aflembly there hap- pening to have a mifunderftanding thereof, the fame did not take effect, but the faid Goverment & the. principal Inhabitants of Virginia & Maryland are now convinced of the many ill confe- quences attending fuch exportation of Bulk ‘T’obacco, and the reafonablenefs Juftice & Advantage of fuch prohibition, we 1692 April. sei) SAE. ro pita Aiateint Jing A yn _ 109 otni af gnind Hive Ht yoscedoT bate to ells, 2iondowM) ot oW p8dr see Y otal asmadW 21 ° wa A gaivrsing ot 3 anger ean sO a ib oi no esmodw: ti te woaoH ot ion eouilav@ odd otede at satlas sono od jasvo slditiv fom wa wt ethol od Miw at Ye Ns es asd iV yall of 28D Me gaidiad lh th nod tad? Alo ylesqoay’d ylno ai osesdoT yaa | i. bushcisM & sinigi a6 boMict o ® we otetini os shaved Bow + obexT ort 190 tapgllede bluow assagsh yd ot BR etoedoT c svist yam anclsoA- SetT ; mosis 10 solsvon 61 ai gnitd yonpbas roo on dasd ososdoT alu ss sonivadd ot sissil i‘doad od yam enclnod Sleds dT veberT to nit ott dud fi ai of} yd snob eA B aniesd ods wolldl aod ‘vinodaA. ddiw ws. 1 & dot 20 nongbasetese? #6) whye ak S19d InpctAtevoO guy eeinonw 2 “yfiotaiv) viods w exsaciltimmoD ods “nol ads oT sts edi gone bib baalyel, 4% sinigaV¥ of e1sbeu bas eqid2 giiod mot odoede'T ‘aly ie pe smpectd ae) esters], gia voto ynn to bulged ome bnalyell @& sing soit Beriogxs % gail ody lo eoisdorggs od) bed ‘gaibiosss: doidw erg % ,varsetT oda Yo ernolinmoD : “trod od? to Bb dinmwoD bassamoze: of bsiselg exw zomel gri A saad” oft baw ‘emofuD A sinigiV ni sbam ed, blood whl # ourvarsils: doui esoxodwe bas j smt_ora Yo adisidideng ode: va ihoaleeM «iV 6 insmnioveD sid oe. bossirilagtt asw noltebtommos ~qat svod yldmsis od% noiisanoinl gnorw & ‘ords aid sinig 9a? Jou bib omit sole Mosrsds guibasfhobaulim « svnd t gnina to hme al oe as: a pce belies | ad — ie An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 1692 therefore the Merchants Matters of Ships & traders to Virginia | April. & Maryland whofe names are hereunderfubfcrib’d do humbly offer this our memorial with our reafons thereunto annexed, that their Majeftys King William & Queen Mary will be gracioufly pleafed to recommend to the Government both of Virginia & Maryland, their making fuch a Law for the prohibiting bulk Tobacco as aforefaid, as to their Majefty’s Wifdom fhall feem moft meet humbly requefting the Commiffioners of their Ma- jefties Cuftoms to be a means that this our humble defire may be Jaid before their Majefties Robert Ruddle John Green Edw Haifwell Edw Leman Ben Dowlen Tho: Rafco Sam Richards Edu Laffells Wm Cant Rich Barret. Zach ‘Taylor Wm Burnham fohn Taylor — Thom Starke Sam Dean Rich: Buller James Wayftaff John Hodges Rich Parke Anth Cornwell John Bruniskill Tho Rogers Geo Baker John Glover Dormer Sheppard Sam, Groome Tho Lane Edmo Littlepage Geo Richards Hopefer Bendall Rob Briftow Junr James Cary Tho. Taylor Jos Pyle Nath, Garland James Boath John Potet Micajah Perry Edw. Perfons John Abbington John Cary Rich Mafh Tho Hatfted Tho Walth Rogers Jones Tho Wych, Wm Willis - Ben, Withcott Dudley Carlton John Cary Sam, Gibbs Wm Howfon = Arth. Bayly John Cooper = Jofiah Bacon John Munday St ‘Tho Grantham John Brown Thomas Ellis Edw, Curtis St Rich, Levet John Kent Anth Straton Wm Phiphard Robt Briltow Efqr Fran, Lee Arthur North Michael Jones ate ee a fon } ah es ane ‘3 : sgn on baa rode Ae ideal ebb neh ees peel nse ARE Hates 19 _(huoissrg od tiiw ast agama anil gail: afta vod #4 sintniV Yorhod tnomiieow ‘on ot msorsr oF b oar na c Aiud gnindidoag ods 10h wed dou gant in ods ~baghyiah mock Hedt moblW ayia stems 09 ak biitensle.a2 -sM sisi? Yo esnoitimmoD, ade gaiftouporsddmud. doom ysin dite oldenint sw bunt — ssienorali Co aah mi panelons oo: lias _sthbu A nedost i: pe + ibgala > in ogo ehridit oe oda eeE | — wolwotl eof ‘nl el a! - rohysT: dom aera kat ta ee ate ated >, odheie aio iohyaT adel, nal thine . dra doi) eaghoH nda, poral rolled adel a aA “yeghell ost). eae od‘ T - Wdeieunt adok. beaut ake a oan ofl © Sroor) erm Braqqodt? weno | oonevela adel we anti wiottiatl doA, labasth. sStagoHl . - thradaia ost) ee rene me bese) tet oly tol, F tolyeT ott = a atghod whi . yw tajsoit Sane riot adel, bofisH of T. . ; dial Co: ee md ‘fs Wa la ott ; i esol, wget edi). ones RD aifol : A sapess elbot soon daflol’ — sqoo" adel gyn tl Ah” ailA eerqodT = aword mdot initinin Doi oe” noteve tink soot Adolf seve doi WB : HD diveVE wiht” | ‘eed hasan une vr budgie ! me PevBeL det gasai Baie =r ol | Te. hr aad 1 MN Wd Pee. J J Ni ' , aut ey a wt ‘ Pile yo tty a ee & i nA uw, Ae " ih LF al) yi ae Ai ei ‘ 4 STARA rv] ; a ie Tee died Oy i be ty Bi ‘ ; Bg Be | 4 boar ts Ria & u : | oe F An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 159 1692 Some Reafons why Bulk Tobacco from Virginia & Maryland ought April. to be prohibited from being exported thence or imported into Eng- cca land, and that all Tobacco ought to be Shipt in Cafk to prevent the Evil § Mifchief that attend the bringing it in Bulk ps flees in refpect to his Majefty’s Intereft. kine 1 Bulk Tobacco is the only ‘Tobacco that is run by the Sea- men, and others to his Majefty’s great Lofs 2 Under the cover of Bulk Tobacco, confiderable Quanti- ties of Tobacco have been fuppofed to have been foifted into the Kingdom, to the apparent prejudice of his Majefty’s Reve- nues. 3 Bulk Tobacco doth occafion his Majefty to maintain upon all Tobacco Ships above treble the number of Officers, to his very great charge. ) | 4 Bulk Tobacco is fhipt out of Virginia privately to other parts beyond the Seas, whereby his Majefty loofes the 1* “p ih, which by law it ought to pay. 5 Bulk Tobacco occafions feveral Small Ships from the Weft & Northweft of England & Ireland to engage in the Trade, being capable to run from one port or creek to another to find conveniency to fmuggle it. which were Bulk Tobacco prohibited, could not be done, nor the King fo vaftly prejudiced in his Cuf- toms, nor trade ruined by them, 6 Bulk Tobacco produces 25 % fb lofs to his Majefty by Shrinkage, wafte & other Damages, which in Cafk it would not do, nor would it turn to an Account to the practicers, which are generally the Ship’s Company, but by their fraud in the King’s Cuftoms, and the Ships by getting it freight free 7 Bulk Tobacco makes it impoflible for any Mafter or Com- mander of any Ship to make a true report of his Lading to his Ww? Or GA. sdqes Saintes oe 0A. vdgos nab ‘saved & ‘UisiaM, eid ‘to saibuisiq iasIEggs aula o3 machete od? | AoW ods mort aqidé U inn lsxove enoltarse oo2adoT Atv 3 _ bait of vorons. 01 alse19 4 oq S00 mol hat oF aldaqas geiod bnididow ooosddT Wu sew doidlw i ofggumit of ensinavaas fel wt " s3AaN 4 uh , - hoateaa vonpncten. ti owA atid iatwquat 0 eae emegun yes sewed Gh TWO: at SqidS wd ae dynes: Swe wih pyle yodt "Wrhig Aol *fioia eid 09 Brogian be Te -n9@ onl} yd nur ai duit ovomdeT ylno ods ai pene luff. alot saorg 2’ yitojall eid o3 cxadhio ; -i anut) : sidsiabiines oaoade't dln toa tovo2 sii ze oini beftict need ovsd of batogql asedsvad ooasdoT. ait nou niaininedd o3 yloisM aid eidinose: Maks pobeliah div aif 03 ,z190TRtO to wdemu ody sides: oveds. gqide ooasdoT, Ifs gies daar (ev 1930 of ylote ving sinigiV %6 wo agidt ei-oscado' Lalu al gy th yh ods astool viaje aid ydewodw .ea@ odd bnoysd éraq sq 08 sdguo st wal yd oe oberT odt ni ogsgns of baginl Z baslgndl to ewido % “wD 2id nt bavibujaig ylfiey ot ‘gaia ‘odd 108 nob od Jon ) | | ondz ei doidw bas .yaq 03 adguo it doidw odd as srarneed yd . anoanaravo%) ony noggsl of oved out a ale “dai 210 syode vided 2n9 to > agua Ho adi ni Janets oil 299 ufo . | _aldstobinoo viov et dbidw xi ni qid ‘side, dz to.t18q dsxi2 s ovods Yo yolqmna ofl erobiaid i Yo soiteqxe 418 19 ydoreds bas eyIweD lod od gnc 5 2 ariauod ods Yo daworg ws enoilivort vig 0! oe ylkodw erobnamrrio) to eotts A th eolgen 7 ota of gid2 eid. bikod fo #t eondo'T ‘gnu | An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. Lee Government, in regard it is conveyed and ftow’d privately in the Ship, frequently unknown to him, and fo he is no way capa- ble of being anfwerable for the fame, befides they themfelves are often too guilty not to cover others in their fraud. _ § It occafions vaft Quantities to be exported thence unknown to the Government, by its eafy conveyance into fhips unob- ferved, & to be tranfported into places that are not allowable by Law. | 6 It is by Bulk Tobacco that the Government of Virginia gives fo flender an Account of the 14 Ib which the Law lays on all Tobacco exported thence to any place but to Eng land, and is the occafion of fo much Tobacco exported to the prejudice of the Government & to trade, As to Shipping & Navigation it is alfo prejudicial. | 1 It is in that it brings down freight to above a Sixth part by reafon a Ship ftowed with Bulk Tobacco brings & can bring a Sixth part more by bulking in the cantlings & hollows of the Ship & other places of breakage in the Ship than if in Cafk. 2 It hinders by that means about a Sixth part of Shipping that wou’d be employ’d in it, we may fay a full fourth, 3 Thirdly it occafions great controverfies & troubles between Commanders & Seamen becaufe the bringing of Bulk commonly hinders a Ship a third or fourth part of her time in lading by Seamens & Officers negle& of time in their bulking, which alfo proves a ruin to the owners of the faid Ship & can’t be pre- vented ; the Commanders and Seamen themfelves by a prefump- tive Cuftom have brought it to be accounted a priviledge, tho an unreafonable & unjuft one, and have run the fame to great excefs. 4. It occafions many Suits in the Court of Exchequer by the frauds which are occafion’d by it, and it is moft evident no Suit is almoit commenced, but upon this account, to the prejudice of the innocent owner, and difcouragment of Navigation. 1692 April. Ts covlsnodls oul mbt sea | (buedi a sgh roo 0f 9 swoutita soaed) borieept 5P cy -dors aqidt oxi somyownnon jor ei ef 7 yd oedivenete ion ou diiron hoon a bref a a8 or pt oO wel i siti to siecle iets deel ooondoT glut +f or 8 Cee wel ode doidw di *e sit to anucss A” an webeislt at eavig vie gad or tud sosiq aig “od sono) banoqxs ‘ooasdo'T ie no eval adi od beftoqxa os9ad6T dane ot te nofes20 odd 2i bas ;bnet vw ia oy th abew oo 4 InoenerigvoD) silt Yo” . | 2 Jsivibyjstg oils 2i ti OIE GIS iy Taq dicid | B poe 0 figis® awob egaind ti sold niet at 1 & grind nso wh egaid osasdoT dlwl diiw bowolt qid2 nelsst oil? Io ewollod B agailanes otf ‘ai gnidind yd sont F18q Hoxi2 , et ni imads qid@ sity nf ogmdiesid’ Yo toaslq Yodo a qide gaiqgida qo naq dixie 8 toods anesen: “aetly yd arobairt Ws dinuol Ibi @ eal nen ow’ ji ab b*yolqets od B'uow tedy _ asewted esldvon x eofevoziod org enolliedse 4 doit t ‘Wromimnog tiv to gaigeind oil Stusosd noma YB eebnemmoD ; yd gtibel ni seid rod Yo tong donot 10 brits gids wna | aan, ole doidw ,gaitlud sieds ni omit Io Belgsa 219970" B enomase . ~oq od t'naa ¥ qid2’ bid oft Yo aonwo ofl ° sine "i a ~qinuiieng a yd eovisinods nomnod bas erobnscere wld b ) ons ,ogboliving & bsinuvooos od 07 ti pee: padi Te} ikevg Of densh odd aut ove eigen = ote n oils. yd) pee jo sa. oils ni viv quem noite 11u2.on mnobive fom)! et at ‘bag at ‘yd 5’ oft: os 18 | . to sstbujary srht of anvel98 aid noqu 2d cb on ‘A02 | nai ae asnrwo t 156 An Eiffay on Bulk Tobacco. 5 By reafon of Bulk fome have burn’t & loft their Ships, to the lofs of Ship & Goods, & much Vobacco is frequently burnt, as his Majefty’s Officers can teftify, to the great lofs of the King & Merchant. As to the Merchants & Planters the evil of Bulk is beyond all Account that can be given 1 Bulk Tobacco being that which as before, too much de- frauds the King, and being freight free is underfold to the contempt of trade, & ruin of the merchant and Planter Adven- turers, It being evident fome Ships not bringing 500 Hhds have brought 40 fome 50 fome 60.000" of bulk, which hath been fold at under rates (by reafon before expreft) to the ruin of Trade. 2 Bulk Tobacco becomes a cover toe many frauds both in Virginia and here, which under this duty now laid makes the fair trader unable to fupport himfelf under it. 3 Bulk Tobacco fupplying an early market occafion the Merchant & Planter’s delay (as well as lofs) in the difpatch of Trade, & difpofal of his Goods, to his vaft charge & lofs. 4 Bulk Tobacco is carryed on by the ungenerous part of Traders, which hawke it about to the undervaluing and contempt of the Market, by the many Slights & frauds ufed in it, that cannot be done in Cafk, 5 Bulk becomes prejudicial to the Merchant & Planter in regard little is fold, til Bulk is firft difpof’d of, and that often fuplying the prefent Occafions at low rates, often fets a Market upon the Merchant, by which means it happens that both Mer- chant & Owners of Ships, hire & employ thofe who by pretended priviledge ruin their employers. 6 Bulk Tobacco becomes a ruin to the Merchant Adven- turer, by the decay of Shipping & lofs of a Market, often to 30 & 40 @ Cent fomtimes to lofs of the Capital. But now it follows, by what means this Evil of Bulk may arts 0 Aol 527g, 2th 0 NY pha | led baoyed ai + aol plive: ot ‘. ob doum oot | areted, Py oft 0? blohebay ai oon igi ~novbA xeielT, bas inedonoe ebdH oog gnigaind ion, gid? . nn - daed choudw tlud to “990.08 ait | og 9 : to mini od1 02 (fterqua sihed adhiot yd) ) anim obau “isl ni aod buen yas Of weve ® » aamooad a4 “ a oils aoalsen , bis, wou ub ists, reba doidwr oF nod bas Bitng it | ai rahaw Wield svoqqat ot aldsaw sabes ony pl ha was yep om, griylgquh osaadoT 4 A | Yo doas@ib ond ni (ol ae. Alow en) yslob 2' ‘oust 9 1p , pol B sausdo dise aid. 9) ,2boor) aid tol onli | to 2154 enornogan ot gh me bayrisa a opendda’ ' iqmainos bag guiuleyzobaw ols as mods 4i sawed doit of rely, Ji pd Dot buat 3% aad osm odd vd ri wa ey tosdoyoM. oe o Trio f aK pits i ae ; uote dads bas. do bYogib MA, i Awa Ce blot 2 roadie £ 21a Pili align wal. ae : sei sada, ods, ae se ennoved orsde 0} asile inl 5 si0 ps M, niggid@ Yo ywoeb, oF An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. I 57 be prevented or regulated, to which fubmitting to better Judg- ments, we humbly offer our Opinions, that if a Law were made to this effect, or as fhould feem beft to the Government, it would be effectual: and if fuch Law did (as we beleive it wou’d) Check & prevent the abufes in Bulk, all Traders & Planters would immediately find the advantage by it, to the Honour of Trade & profit of the dealers in it which cannot be til all men ftand upon an equal foot of Jutftice The Subftance or heads of a Law againft Bulk might have fome refpect to thefe meafures or fome fuch like. ‘i 1 That no Bulk Tobacco fhall be exported out of Virginia & Maryland on the penalty of 1000£ or what fhall be thought fit. 2 That all Mafters & Commanders give 10o00£ good fecurity in Virginia, or Maryland to perform fuch law. 3 That every Commander be oblig’d to give a true content of each mark, & quantity of each mark of hhds taken into his Ship, and by whom Shipt, or confign’d to, & on what Account Shipt Any of thefe is enough in this Nature. Copy of the Content of the Ship Hope of London, bound thither, John Williams Commander, &c -, X& 20 hhds on Account Simon Davis . R:T 40 bhds on Account Thomas Simons. 70 hhds on Account Rich, Adams, & fo, ad infini- tum 4 That S fuch contents be made out & all fign’d by the Commander, and then oath to be made by the faid Commander, which oath is to be certified by the Collector on the faid con- tents, & that the Collector alfo fign them, one content to be delivered to the Commander to enter his Ship by in England, a _ fecond content to be fent to the Commiffioners of the Cuftoms, ae i, sande lit pe ae wat ac wwe c si hot evOD- site " si ovialod ow en) i ie 4 etebarT Me | od} od yn yd ogesnevba ody bait y oisibs, od tonsa doidw tial eyleab ‘ods we sue pyri ple | soifii], Yo soo} Loupe ie noqu basil a nits fis ovat TAgien Aw Raigge wal « to ebaod 1,9 is oT . Me 7 | “Sa do sencl to Zyulsom Sista ot Ragen omnok a. , sinigiiV Yo avo bandque sf led) ooosdoT diufl. on ag Pa ee Jit idguods ad Wed sedbw te Bodor to yslensq sda baslyseM a Lire boog 3.0001 s¥ig asbasmmo)D 4 cofeM He rmdT s wel tout ariohioq 07 bushel. 10 ainigaiV ai insinoo out rs vig ot b'gildo. sd whismmoD VIS, je T ¢ . gid oii nodat ebded Yo Aina soso ‘lo ytiinsup, % Ayer dons ‘to 003A. Jaw no A ot brn fgilto> 10 aaqide arvortve xd has eqid2 oer ; ; ae ny i ay v ie mm] en } . Fi tiapéel ie Ar own aida mi aca 2i | Rhody jo yA — 4 bavod aobrort to sett gid odd bic moaned oils i Io? | aa abaammoD oem ne Be ie lee ‘) eth noid Malate no sie Z.: enomie exmodT sauoooA no ebidop TiAl, ea rliniiai bs * v4 sinenta: doi aniyean rectory aga | rf. : RT ie A wie rr pag i a ve bg eg ea ae ean foal ; sbasmmoe)D bis od3 yd sham od oF diso nod bas 19 é «to bid oda no Seis oD ois yd boitinss ad or ei dis Sian od of ineineo sno. nod ingit oile 10Fisllo ) sila andy 3 4 a bastand tl ye aide aid rin . ) sd3 07 bors ‘amon, oct has rion tO x 158 An Effay on Bulk Tobacco. 1692 the third to be in the nature of a Record with the Collector, April. with whom the Ship cleared in Virginia & Maryland. -§ That all Commanders be oblig’d within 12 Months to return a certificate to Virginia & Maryland, of fuch his true difcharge, from the Commifhoners of their Majefty’s Cuftoms in London (the cafualties & dangers of the Seas excepted) or their fecurities to be fued for the fame, & recovery to be without Compofition, or in cafe the faid Commander return, that the faid Commander and Ship be liable to make good fuch Obliga- tion. 6 That fuch fines be appropriated to the pultinaut & other fuch Public Ufes,.as the prudence of the Government fhall fee caufe, giving a part to the Collector who is to be oblig’d to fue for the fame under a penalty. 7 ‘That all fuch Duplicates & Roe ates returned from Eng- land to reported from time to time to the Governors, and to be adjufted at every Audite of Accompts in the faid Government. By fuch like Law no Commander can cheat twice, but at a rate no way profitable, and the terms of it fuch that no honeft Man wou’d be prejudiced by it, and for others fake it is that the Law itfelf is propofed. We fhall not add more, contenting ourfelves that finding the evil of Bulk intolerable, both as to the planter and trader, we have caft in our mite of endeavours to prevent it, be its fate what it will, we fhall be eafy under it, Let this be excufed from, &C. pofielloD oda daive by “ae 2 ot atlimoM 21 nidiiv ound eld out Yo gory zmofwO evista sisd? 10 (hoiqons 2nd only Yo enon aol a2 9 uoriw od.oryrovooor % sem salt dh i i) sd ged? ,cwis1 wbas wD t ' -giidO ‘doit booy Salina et gbilell egies wee? qo B sihdilesaiisl ody’ ost Iledl snomimi vo. of Ww sanabsraq ota payer Si da 3 ori} 08 sais od ot a oxdw poupepa ols on an | nigtriggteny: & gid mon isu 7 sokalina Mesevenigncl hoaid Ila dT CE f ad oo brs eonv0D oda 9 settle on oenia coil bonoyox 8 bail 74 snomerievoo Bid) one nb angmo27A ‘to stibwA yisws: ! ; g dx tud ,soiw? mnoda. ned obasenmo. on wal oafil, dot yl ea Henod on seedy cout tte: anna ‘orlt brie lderitorq brash be p red) zini ola grodto wh bee di xd bovibujarg, ad b'yow . oft eaibart say eovlohme gaiiaamo: aw ~tebsv bas i9idslq ods o an dod oldsrsloini Alu Yo S08) ati od Qt InoveIg of wwovseba> Yeo ‘sien wo ‘Ai pe ction boluaxo od aid iol di reba Ri 4 . vieape ‘bboy om h - uae bed one Me — Wy. ; fr it i Be MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. On Sufpending the Laws for paying Debts in Country Commodities of Virginia. a To the Hon™* Commiffioners of their Majefty’s Cuftoms. An Anfwer to the reply of W™ Sherwood, James Blair, Patrick Smith, for fome reafons for fufpending the Laws for paying debts in Country Commodities of Virginia, and the claufes in the Law of ports, to be bound to buy and fell wholly in the fame under a penalty, and alfo as to that claufe about the Impoft of Skins & furrs. 4 O the Law termed a Law for advancing of Manu- factories. “a 7 We humbly offer that their firft Article is not true, the Law now reviv’d doth affect all Debts contracted by Merchants in England, that fend Goods, for its evident & will be proved that debts contra@ted in England, by goods fent and money advanced to the inhabitants, hath been Subjeét to this Law whenever it came to ly between an Inhabitant & Merchant, becaufe they fay its a Virginia Debt, being due from their inhabitants, befides the Law itfelf hath no provifoe to defend the Merchant from it, we refer to the Law itfelf. 2 The next infinuation is manifeftly falfe, for the Law made in 1663 hath no refpect to this Law, being worded quite con- ry te 4 ee | ‘ainottu’d 2 “ois M sisify Yo ‘pacttten abd ono orl ir Asie isl esmel, boowide "V7 Yo yiqar Sit of twink cA Jghryeg 101 went ods goibasgisi ict endtsot Sinct 101” ‘wane fi edivals ody bas -sinigy ¥ Yo esliibornmoD yinweD ni dsb oct si yflod wy ist bine qud 03 bituod dd oF “@viog ‘to wad Sit | | oils judds Musto sed7 of ae olls bas :plsnaq s tobay ontta i ern » aniae Yo Regent ~wnkM Yo goionnvba et aba f epee) boi ody. of a oho wel ere uy jon ai per dha rigsit: sai asiho dc ow ai ansdnaMi yd bofettimes ade Ue BBs, diob) b'viverywon sal) boworg od: iw % abive ei 10t -ebook) bash eda cbasignd boonavbes yonom bas 303 shoog yd baslgad sti boeun0o etdsb ii ravanodw wed eid? of Bojdue aged died iastidedai sds oF youd? Shisoad: denies ¥ hammer ae rrp oo 9mne> sheen wal ols id alia iain sahannihl, of On tS Se siup bebyow cued eae sans oo ean \ a 4 1" 160 Mafcellaneous Papers. trary, and had no intentions towards it, but is a falfe and unworthy infinuation, to give a credit to the injury, which this later Law would produce, it having no Eye to the value of the Goods, or the neceflity of the Debtor, befides this Law as hath been urged exempts all their valuable Eftates as Lands, Ne- groes, Servants & houfes, from being liable to pay any debts, by which the Creditor is defrauded of all things of value. And whereas they would excufe this Law upon the Credit of the debtor, who having taken fuch Oath would be in the Nature of a Bankrupt, Granting that true, where is the relief for the Creditor, for the Law debauches the Debtors Principles, by contriving a way for him to defraud his Creditor, & then would put it on his pundtilio of honour to be more juft than the Law obliges, we humbly fuppofe its a weak Argument, to fuppofe a Law of this Nature. . 3 As to the value of the Commodities in this Country; they urge it as the common prices from man to man; its true it may be to fome whofe great neceflity calls for them, and have not to pay for them; but we are ready to prove it to your Honours its not fo, nor hath been this fixteen Years fave one fevere Year or two, by the failure of the crop, it would be hard that the prices of a Dearth fhould be the {tanding value to pay debts, & we are ready to prove that you may buy wheat for af 2 Bufhel in common, if paid for in goods or money, and that is valued at 4° and Peafe at 2° which are valued at 4° and fo in pro- portion all other the Commodities enumerated in the faid Law ; by which is evident the fallacy couched in their Anfwer. And whereas they are pleafed to value feveral Commodities in “Fobacco which is known to all to be an uncertain Com- modity fometimes © @ C‘ and more difference, in the market, and as much difference in quality which makes the Creditor ftill underzhard bonds, if tis fo that the debtors pleafure fhall be his Paymafter, which we hope will be confidered., Pig atela,§ \ a 7 ne fe sae ‘ati pie Vey, Tsclsity - gids dokdw octujai sd) on ’ 1 igo | oft Yo sulay sda or yl or = 8 died 20 wal aids eobiled gap oi ebasd és asic Mdaulew sod Nyt DK “1 yd idob yrs yaq 07 stdait- gnivd panes aivod v man 22073 sulay Yo egaids fe Yo hebusttob 2i t0tibexD ‘oth doi Yo sibs od aoqu wat tida dtuoxs bluow youd. srodw ba owist ory ni od bluow, ai tout ngass gnived odw 2 | oil) 101 Yoilan od) ai orale uit vert gaimare | ‘yd eslqioaitd 2iosdsC1 ofl eorfowedsh wndl ods xt nie bluow nods 4 ewribstD vid, batevtob. 02 eau 101 YaWe ® gnivivine? wal “Sd, medi fui c1omted om tuemort Yo oifi aug en NO 3h tiqe ” & Sloqqin oF snomugiA aoe a ahi Stogqui yiderwd, ow \exyildo ( owisVl eit Yo wed “se youl wunwer) a cl ei calbee aly Yo sulsy ods wo aA! r¥ a Veet out aN ¢ Ri OF neon monk es0ig AOMmMnoD on? edi agi. ton sved baa emodd ot elles ytieoon seo Shodw omit ohied mwonoH woy 02 4) sverg of ¢beor ois ow sudey mol tot bigot 162'f save! ono sya eiY aperxit edi used died: ron ot Jom 2 ot tad: bred od bluow 4 gqoxa st to suubiet oily yd Or 10 Ys wideh ysq ot oulny gribash odd od hiwoclt dine & to 99 | F OM" 201 rnodwiyud yao woy indy 2¥07q oF ybsmt ‘ots | w Be. ai anda bate pyottont 10 eboog ai iol bing H Hott oi fod Mee -oig mi ot bak p $s boulev ota’ ioichay 'e in Hist bas ai bate a - woul big sel ci Basexamucs esuibortime 34 zsdz0 te noltiog | GewitA asc ai bedoued’ yoallat sdx tnabivs et doidw esinboraioD Larsv5t jutev 02 bates Sie oi vient -mo'} aisha ne 3d oF te ot nwoad a toitw 0: oubiem edj ni gonstehib ‘awe has 9 hy! stall: lift sosiboxD ody eodeon doidw git ileup al : ib down aid sd tele sisteslq noida $y Yet awa aba ; ‘ | ) berabiiatos seiatets a Prey wil es ae Paying Debts in Country Commodities. 161 And whereas the Merchants are taxed with the great and ex- ceflive Rates, and raking the Country, one inftance is given, that a Bufhel Salt doth buy a Bufhel of wheat, in time of Peace, Granting that to be true, which yet is not granted. Yet we do aver that Salt fent from London in time of peace, doth in Charge of ;Gafk & wafte & freight & Shipping & other Charges ftand the Merchants in about 2:/46 ‘@ Bufhel which brings us back to the true Value of the faid wheat, and we cannot remark unto your honours, how unkind this refle¢tion is, that people would have Salt as cheap in Virginia as we pay for it in London, whereas, were freight paid to the full for it, it could not be carried hence & fold for 3° @ Bufhel, & is a Com- modity carried by the Merchant only for accommodation, no man ever yet propounding profit by it that carried it from London. As to their Inftructing the Merchant to keep his accounts we humbly conceive it foreign to this Law, but yet we humbly offer that in the Year 1690. the Merchants did generally give, & we are ready to prove it, 2° @ib & to 20° | Cent for Tc- bacco, when it yielded not clear 14, fo that keeping Accounts at -10* @ Cent would not have availed the Merchant at all, as they propound. 4 And whereas they fay this Law hath been in force this nine Years we hope your Honours will take notice of this contra- diction, to their 2? Affertion where’ they derive this Law trom 1663, and the weaknefs of their Argument lies that no Merchant hath fuffered; we fhall not fay how many have fulfered, but if no particular inftance hath been in point of Law, yet there are inftances of thofe who have’ accounted the Lofs of their Debts equal to the recovery of them by this Law. And the weaknefs of the Law is confeft in that they own the Government of Virginia, puts no manner ftrefs upon this i, - “id cour to oeniy, ni bo 2804 to omit ai nok Daehn 3 sis vel ae! 7 me iho B gaiqgide W sdginid a afte Bs ars 1 5 i loidw loud & O's: wods ni mak ds, bass rm aia 1 \~ j a ow ban.,iexdw bid ont Yo suleV oant) only of, eu grind . aes i noifafss aid? broke wot wood. wWO8Y oun; 1 JONG wr Raa OW 2h sintigi¥ ai qanilo es tad coved. bluow 4 seela ti i. woh [Lad ata of blag tdyinal. vy5W. enviodwe P ers sts sai % lorludl @ tg x0) Slot 2% coma bairia od Jom t ; on ‘noiabormmooas wit - “lio wmedorlt sds yd Deine ibom ee ine it 7 betniss = ai es Te rig gaibawoqong, 19% bas Nee i einwooos eid qos oF gnedwiel ods gnifiuaital aiods of 2A . yidmud ow roy ud Gael aida 1 ugisicl 31 evieno9 (ldmud ow : ry ylis TaH9g btly emnedoe lM, ond 09d wot ont ni “a, ‘ysRio “oT wt 09D ff "os or & dl GF *s ai Syerq of ybsn v6 ow B 16 waHOIDA. griqood amsly ot ,*1 is9lo ton bebloiy x nodW yous 2n le gs mtd 4) belisve oved Jon bluow 1099 ) ‘or artis ith “x01 Mi te ar pie aid yt yods asorodw bad 4 oan -cune> zdi to soiton oanp fiw ewonoH woy oqod ow a0Y Bee mnoit wel zidtovneb’ yori” o19dw noir, ‘e me, lage 7 vindoilt, on. seedy zoil tno, vor, Ya dondaow 7 re . 30: Yi wd pbowiiel overk yer ‘wor yal ton Usd 2 ow "tance Real ore oro toy pwd. Yo stioq. 1 ned drat 99 sonsdia pido dd) to dot’ ody boxan0928. ‘oved oun pn: Yo. asfini use aids te rood to Pettiak ino a p awe . is sects ati Suse a wad it Yo snes \ ad <; °-< ail ese aod yon 7 ; 162 Mifcellaneous Papers. Law, which fhews it needlefs, but to make fuch knaves, as otherwife might be honeft Men. And whereas inftead of a reafon to defend a Law, the replyers are pleafed to fay we only oppofe it to ridicule the Government, we humbly affure your honours that fuch a reflec- tion is only an abufe and calumny caft upon us, becaufe we are not willing to have trade ravifhed from us, and our Eftates taken away by force of a fingle Oath before a fingle Juftice of Peace, And to fay no more we are oblig’d to fay, none in Virginia of any quality whatfoever, do (or indeed) are obliged to feek the welfare of Virginia beyond ourfelves, and its Evident to your Honours by our Endeavours to fupport the Trade of that Colony, under all the difficulties that attend it. As to the Law about Ports W/* fhall anfwer briefly, that had Virginia a million of “Vy ¥ people more than they have, it might with fome Colour be alledged, it were either poflible or reafonable to make 20 Towns, & enjoin all buyers & Sellers to buy and fell in them ; but we do aver that as the Country is at prefent conftituted, & the Inhabitants live remote and difperfed, it will be both unrea- fonable & unkind, to force all trade into fuch places, becaufe it will be hardly poffible in feven Years to get people together, to make fuch a Town as may make a Market, Its true were the People enough in the Country, & were fettled in Towns, & convenient cohabitations, Tradef{men would live better, many things would be eafier, but that can only be the effect of time, & we prove it thus, tr All the People that inhabit thefe now have Houfes & plantations of their own, and are fettled with their families, & will not be brought to leave a certainty of Bread to cohabit in a ous SW, asia as noqu igs qaimuslao berm sda 18 mite nodes 2saRftT mo bie ait as al obs ides ‘iene if Z sone Yo soit], signi soled dieO algad @ to aondk swe) lo sinigtV nt oom yar OF biylido are ow ctor on yet of DIA iin | oly aod oF boyilde ot (hijehal a) ob sovediiadw yilanp: us woy of iasbival 2 has am vi _ broysd ainigu¥ to osailis eas ‘ inf Yor sbavT oly nogqgil ot auovesbad | 1mo0 yd ewonoHh 3) herats sods waisluaitib orks ths oe ee ah nif min ohn oe eC me Sit: NESE Sale em Nia ‘al io noilliat s “sinight¥ rer sl evfand se Head a 7 suoled ) sanot: diy idgise ai cavsil yor) asd) 19m siqosg c | os sdaim 0? aldgnetest. 1 oldifteq aoddtia. ‘ona i cbagboite ca pod ni list ban yd 08 eiatlad % aoyud Me niojna 2. angen 4 besuais Ss ynstong, 36 ai yuaueD ods ak 1d 1978 ob oy aud -conta: ied od fliw wi: badioxitib- has stomot ovil zariasid din! od | ti stussod zante dost omti aber fle oo), 09 chi jday » oldaacl of pvadrogo? slqosq tog:o2 ema nowsh ni viditleg ¥ iw od? siow gum ail seskis a pilnm (eRe. ak nwol s dou 93 ; - % anwoT ni bolo ‘ovow A egaaseD oftt, Cl bialgita 9' casi 19d “Syl bluow aomobarT ef 1K icra yene -pintia 40 Piste sels od —~ ae — ha sone 24 gow Law about Ports. 163 place only called a ‘Town where no Trade is, nor buflinefs to fupport them, 2 They urge how well handycrafts could live if there were Towns, its true but there muft be People to employ them, or they would ftarve in the Town for want, beyond what they do now, becaufe now they can make Bread, & fupport their families. 3 They inftance that the Merchants & Tradefmen fhould firft begin the Towns, we humbly offer unto your honours the hardfhips of the Merchant who depends on people to trade with, who is propounded to fettle a Town to draw People to it, & dare not fell from the Melancholly fpot he is confin’d to, as to tradefmen the Merchant is not fettled in Trade, but at cer- tain times of Shipping, & cannot employ the Tradesmen as Shoemakers Taylors & Carpenters & Bricklayers, except in work of Porters to load & unload Ships & the like. It muft be a gradual drawing of People that muft fupport, & effect, & do all that is alledged defirable in this Law 4 We aver that there is at leaft 400 or 500 of the Inhabi- tants that trade to England, and have Goods & Merchandizes hence ; it appears to be very unreafonable all thefe fhould have their Hands tied up not to fell to their Neighbours, tho 20 or 30 miles from a Town, or elfe to leave their habitations & Plantations, to go and become a member of fome Town, it would be a greater priviledge to be a Chandler in a Townfhip in England, than to be the beft inhabitant and trader in Virginia, And whereas its averred how willing the people of Virginia are herein, we a aflured the common people which muft make up the body of thefe Towns; approve not the Terms of it, tho all men are fond to have Towns on a Modeft Account. And whereas they are pleafed to make an Argument for their Towns, by reproaching Trade & Traders, pretending that Mer- chants undo the Country, & by extortion ruin the People. oF dona ba sa a oom sow sods hi ovil bers pee | Rak (Ts | oe a wo .miorl yolgms of gigas f oust” * oie yout Jedw baoysd Bal wet ines prin! oil sod ogi a cbaontl siluin ass oat wolt phage tar | RT 00 Si aes pars ; bluod? tioisberT # ‘aah off andy sonniint yotT £ ad ody eusonon wo0y ornu $080 yidmud ow Pe di niged ft a absu os aqosq ao eine odw ‘inadoi oils Yo aqiMbred di or olqosT wah oF wot § sits of babrucgor al orfw .cltiw : an .ot b'nitnes ai ad tog WledtonstoM oft mot HS joa sash & -199 ‘te ud part ni halvaat ton ai instil sd’ ‘nomioben o3 ak fea SH" od: yelgars tonnes. & caniggisdé 49: omnia sind eis ni iqooxs eroyshin & atsinsqisO A wolysT ersAsmisode ad Aum a Shit ofr @ eqpde beolaw & beol of 2n04F % ahow Hs ob Bote 2 trogya fein sails alqood Yo gniw 5 wel aids ni oldeiob boghdfle a sass fee oh) Yo 00g, 10 OO fiz! 18. gi oye sal 1948 ow i‘ medio ob abou aveul bas bnelgad 03 obai ads eine) avarl { blnoull Sody Me aldenotnorcn cov od ot e1noqqs. fare 1 Os. of} uoddgio ll rises o3 ifsk ol Jou qu bois eba 4 enviterided isids oveal ot oils, 10 (wot & 10 in ii ,wo'T oenol Yo jod ream 5 omo2ed bas . o at oits ni qiiiwoTs ni refined 2 od oF Rene R37g # Od | sinigiY et robew brs ioagidsdad flod ad} od M ol sihigtiY to slqoog oil ‘gailliw wod bonovs, asi en eno bi odend flumn doidw siqooq, agree? oda. boil ei OW ft? 7 it di ¥ eims'T “SHY 30m Svorgge ; enwoT Souk 1a0099A flsboM & no enwoT oved of bao tied? twit inomugiA rus odin os balaolq a5 re) “191M. rail gnibusiog eobsaT a rit 3 ni slqosT odd tint aviniome ws TIAVO 164, Mifcellaneous Papers. We do in anfwer to fuch Calumny fay, in Virginia goods are bought & fold 20 & 30 @r cent cheaper than in any of their Majefty’s plantations, either in the Weft Indies or New Eng- land or any other part on the main, fome particular inftances excepted) the People of Virginia have their Goods cheaper than any even.in England in their Capacity can buy it, fo that this harangue fhows the miftake in the Country, to vilify & difcourage trade, under pretence to advance it, And farther whereas they do alledge the Planter durft not afk the price of his Goods, We cannot but be amazed at fuch aflertion we fhall to prove that to be a miftake (if defired by your Honours) produce our Books & Accounts received from thence, which will prove all thefe affertions falfe, And that the Merchant is the fupport of the Country, & not the ruin, is evident from all their Com- plaints, which any obftruction of trade creates As to the Education of Children, &‘, its true Towns would be ufefull, but the Inhabitants muft find a way by Trade to live before they can either maintain themfelves, or Schools, and Markets for Provifions might be fuppofed, & trade not fuppreffed, which this Law would immediately do And whereas the Law injoins the Planter to bring his To- bacco to thefe Towns, to fell it, we aflure your Honours, ’twill be hardly poflible to be done, for a poor man if he cou’d fend his Tobacco toa Town as is alleg’d, it would be a feverity to force him to follow it 20 or 30 miles to fell it, & when he fells it, it can hardly bear his charges home; but notwithftanding all they alledge, we are morally fure it cannot be done, but that the Law mutt be in this point fufpended or elfe trade be crippled, Now as to Towns we are all defirous of them, & would A& our part to further them, but that they fhould be fuch, as were poflible to confift with Trade 1 Weagree Towns ufefull to the inhabitants, & Velde ; ; but then that they be Ports, to import, & Land, & to export & O18, ae nig au rf riads Yo Yow ai neds yn wo. x0 esibal fla esoneAinti sslusitieg sana) neds r9qneda-zhooo aids.aadd Oh yi qd neo ya sgevoolibh & yhlie of geve ‘ yous. asniodw rodnst bak nia OJ 921192919 - | boon eid lo sing om She ion fib winald ods aybells } svory ot Usd ow, coinetigudod ts boxems oti, aud Jonuis9 2) wo soubor (wool sway xd bovileb Vi) sasftior.c od od 1 Hx svowq Iv sloieiw exoandlt moi bovisoo enyo20A a zdootl o nogqul oft 2 imedar9ht ota at bo A silst enoirtsie tod), aye iad? Ie mon wabieo ‘ai nivs od? ton D Leese 94 ) — egteg19 ohaw Yo noifiuiiido yas doidve caus biuow enwoT suit ea 0h pieablid to noiisouba add oF aA ovil o? sbavt yd yews bad thn zinatidactal os wd isu sd bas loodod +0 sarin nistainm isdtis me>. yodt ated -baltoujgu) jon shar. .bdhenpgtil od. selgion enonivord tot etodsM. ob yloseibom mai, bluow wal aids vada -oT aid end of winnlL afl eniojed wet oft esoiodw baA 7 iwa" 2woaoli way oils aw ti link os ean T Stond Oo}: ; io b'woo od i agen to0q ® tot ,»aob od 03 aldifiog \ , of? wievst aod bluow a db ygolte a. ex awot £ OF onondoT did. est od: aodw Bi Udo» galien Og 10 08 4 wollot o2 mid 90101 lis gnibasfidiiwoon sud ¢ ormod zoyred> aid wed brad eis | od3 ter syd ,onob od tonnes a oral vlevonr : mow ebalqian ws obsaa dts 1 bobasdiut inioq, aida nis od for wal BRA bloow & ,mods Yo guoiited Ie sis ow eyo 208 s ‘ ." i ore es. tlotit.od: blugdl ie seul aud penton greene 1. 0 aber Tse felinas 1d : shea T A ovate xe som enwo e f a a mi ; tveS yy ‘a. d Skins and Furs. 165 - Ship; which only Acts wou’d create Towns without trouble or force 2 That no perfon be oblig’d to bring his Tobacco to fuch Town or other Goods; but he that exports, or imports it, be he planter or Merchant and then none wou’d be Opprefled 3 That Towns fo conftituted would engage the Merchants & Traders to AG their own buifinefs; to the beft advantage as to time & the difpatch of Shipping, & to getting to Markets which is the Sinew of Trade all which would be loft if there were the leaft dependence upon a Company of (as thefe Gen- _tlemen alledge them) miferable poor planters to effect it, becaufe fuch Merchants & Traders would have Boats, Sloops, Sailors & Servants of their own, to facilitate the whole; all which is fhort & eafy and a moft effectual way to raife Towns and to Trade with them As to the Reply about Skins & Furrs, We humbly offer, 1 FP QSMHAT what is afferted feems to prove the Law to be a private Anger to 4 or 5 men; rather than any other Advantage ; And whereas its boldly afferted that, that trade is at leaft 8 ct profit, We challenge fuch Affertors to make it out 30 {2 Ct communibus Annis; So do not doubt to make it out by 10 Years fucceflive Accounts of that Trade, & further we averr not upon hearfay, & prejudice, as here its reply’d to Your Honours, but by too much experience that there has 30 42 Ct. upon furrs lefs fome Years, fo that this great pretence appears more prejudice than Juftice ; fo that its apparent that 25 #2 Cis an exceflive duty & only glanced at forme Men’s parti- cular Interett And whereas they alledge its practicable to raife the Value on the Indians, we do aver its not poflible dout ot = aia 3 94 21 entoqeil “40 ye ee or he | LsftonqO od -b*udw tetom msdy bets pesonctinpe | anata ols sgegee ‘bheew bonsidinos Sines A ah es sontnevbs Stod of? oF pAowBind nwo tis BA be vote o7 gcitteg ov Bl yprigyita Yo Hossqtib ad's ita 7 asi ti fol od bloow doth fie obmr'T Yo wore ort eis | “fon 9} ont we) Yo raceme # Rog Sonsbrtogeb fest ody sow 7 a stunned ti Bos oF ateiiely soy admin (ensily agbolls nshitols “ J, erolis® 2 qoolé iol syed bluow embalT Z ainsi dou i " -sioedt 2] doidw Ile’; oleetw oat sinsilioet 7 nwo ToAly Yor zinevied © i. sberT ot bas athwea FE att os ew Lanehaeiits ftom 8. ‘bas nt dan cee 3 wk reds, Pao. wat os ah avio yidmud aw © ood of wel orks avon > gamed borates ef tedw TAH a4 vorao yon weds todser'y xem 210 pod regMA siaviiq: “Qt ta ai shaw tads sods bare: yiblod 21] essed bak ; :optaneb A i ode of etonshtA Mout sgnalisds OW ahora 9 Pleo! A i ofem-or duoh rn ob 08 ¢2ianA eudinummos x9 @& of suo sotiust 2 bel ters Joes ovMeoowh ess¥ or A ‘wo od b’ algo ei oredan 2pilujorq & pared floqu Jon TrevE ‘ow as og end s1odt teds-oomdireqxe dowm! Gor yd tod ewonoH wo Y Fr goninia1q song vid?) dade ‘G)yetneY omrol: pret diphabn se iad) inseqqe ati ted Gh poole] maths eotbajsig : . “stag. e'nelyl aanot rT nplets, — * ~~ oviltoaxd ft iniae! 9 wet ae ¢ >) a 2 ss ; A o » . % 2 s a he os i oa no sule V only one 02, »akaaifng oi bale » iaiiag jon a IV 166 Mifcellaneous Papers. 1 Becaufe fuch Traders are in Contra& at fuch prices & the Indians fell fkins for fo much powder, Cloth, or other things, & not by mony and its found by all ‘Traders, that Commodities abate yearly in Value & profit with them, as they come to any experience in Commoditys, & cannot be raifed, 2 Befides its certain the Indians will not Trade upon fuch difadvantage when other Places Court them & would be fond of the Trade which this Law prohibits. 3. If there were no other reafon for this Trade, but the fup~ port of the confumption of our courfe woolen Manufactory, it were obliging enough to the continuing of it, And where thefe Repliers fay this duty of 25 Cent would engage the Mer- chants, if Supplies come not in, to fell the worft of their Skins to the poor people, to all which we humbly offer. That greater Supplies have not gone to Virginia in any Years; than hath even fince this War, & we appeal to the King’s Books to juftify this Affertion And for the worft of the Skins, we will engage for the Traders in Virginia that the Inhabitants fhall have them Peace & War at 10 @ Ct Lofs; there often being twice the Lofs by bringing them into Europe, and are worth here not fo much as a Sheep Skin to make pockets with, fo that that Infinuation is moft frivolous And we do affert & its certain that if the Merchant ceafes to fend the Manufactory of this Kingdom, the Trade ceafes, & if the Trade ceafes, how will they have the Skins? for as we have proved & will prove, the Merchants fend 2, 3, or 400 Miles up the Country to purchafe them, and fo the duty & all the good fo greatly propounded by it falls to nothing As to Hides & Skins pretended to be killed by the Inhabitants of the Country, they are few, & not fondly bought by any, & as to the Skins of Beef they are bought by Mafters of Ships to lay over Tobacco & prevent Damage, and never as we knew of bought for mer- = 2h lS ro un or amen etn as gonad eh 2 a dou noqu sherT ion, ‘to bot ed: bluow 2 mod anita x90! il egy bem vetididorg wet vids, doidy an re ~q odd sus yobar t iad watcher ilo. on a1 oad 1 tevin’ . ; , 1i yioauasM saloow Hawg awe Io agingauino> ods to.n0q., ae a) - gtods omdw ba&A. 2 to geinnines ofl oF dguony, gnigilde ¥ 5 ea “9M. oda. sgeane pon mod F es Yo wh eidd yar s snide iods Yo faow ada Hey 08 (fi Ion. 9109 erikqqua i aie | who yldunwid, ow, doidv Ile os, elqorq 1004 | 3 . ys nh. antiga, iV G3 SHOR ton ‘gvad asilqque T9IKIg kT ont. of or OW 3 an gira sont nove dosd madd; eno) aie A aids Yittuj of edoodl ‘gait sda 10h ogegns live sw pore ols Yo Stow of 20) baA: sono" ened ovad i ait meer oa iseh, sinigi, age ‘e8 sate a don ai dial in uh . ce oni omnis 2i maleabanie saci). sod, sone saith vanes 01 ae or allieed i he ot Vi a. signa adi: 4 ale ob were ¥ lid nae obexT oft ,mobgait 2ids lospofetunsh od br ove owes 10t fecidd, oda ound ods live, wo : 9 i | + qu gli oop 10: «fo, banat aatiedongM, vin orene - boog offs He B yiub onde @ baw enor : Parnes 1 YIAWE Beabi ora gaidton,ot, dish Hi xd bs bane: iit Es eeunveD or Io ernasicisdlal aclt 6 bollid ed 07 beba were 1s Yo anid? of) on en Bye ye ee x — san 3 oe . i. “ik ovasde'T 19¥0 yal 09 eqitht, toe me pais yoda Yp2i 4 « | natoren Bhai te ne sii wean ph pod aes. Skins and Furs. 167 chandize being often fold here for 2° & 2°f6! @ Hyde & fome- times for 12 So that all that amounts to no more than Clamour, & if thefe trifles be of fuch ufe to the People, what is the reafon that the People fell them; truly the reafon is obvious to have Linnen & woolen & neceflaries:much more profitable to them, which the Repliers ought to have taken notice of, And whereas we al- ledged the returns of Skins were returned in Cloathing, back to Virginia; the Repliers are pleafed to defend the Law upon the hardfhip the Merchants have, in having their goods loft at Sea its a hard cafe fuch a Law fhould envy the Merchant his Lofs It fhould (we fhou’d have thought) have been an Argument to have eafed T’rade, becaufe of its Hazards & Lofles, and not have added to its lofs by an unfupportable Duty, we doubt not but your Honours fee’ thro’ this Sleevelefs Argument And as to what they fay, its a Calumny thrown upon the Country, that they might have had Skins if they cou’d have propounded fatisfaCtory pay. We give for Anfwer their own Reply, that they would have paid ‘Tobacco to the Merchant at any price. All this Maligning & blackning Trade fhews an ill will to Trade itfelf, which we humbly offer as their own Words fo no Calumny, for no man had {kins but wou’d have fold them if he could have had that for them which would have compenced their Value; and its the Intereft of thofe without any Law fo to do; befides this reply feems to befpeak an Occafion of contetft with Trade, as trade, & men as traders, for all the traders that had Skins had as we averr’d before, Cotton, Serge, Kerfey, Flannell & Linnen more proper than Skins which they might have defired; but this trade was to be prohibited to 4 or 5 men. which thefe repliers mention before, & fo nothing cou’d raife a Clamour; but to this method of proceeding, which is fo noto- od) aoqa awit gneilkO x ek pest yors sere OY ae ‘bad a en oY ei bid apibaooon : men Vi 4 ) desi bs ody rads adleot et we oleos S noanil oved or vdeo 4 on a ‘tu ort dt: we gptiarts' of ote tory ‘trom iteoceries pynidisol? al bent otow Bit jo ow ion Ts J oly birt slob: or botmolq a6 exsilqod” 9 flol aboog tied? gniwed fb yore erouttorsM silt q zid inwdvoll odd yas bees wel s tout Red bit 4B 3 de ol bw thomugtA As nssd avait (uae » svi h° vol in} Bluadt 4 } bits eoho! » D eb Vhs se oe te shu tb ie shat ‘bate 9¥ if of hire ion aduob aw yas pain ti is yd Bol ei 3 bobbs 9 - a .. ‘9Sl ctuottolH 10y wd ‘ in - - _ j are | ty] Bsr ot sist A astovesle ails ‘out | | 17 yiofs Mei bebiw oqo gq owid bisow''g y adi geelt! leet wo reel LOWHEA Tt avig | we j ‘ | 1 RS CN) ial ery is ye snedoroMt ody of osn6loT | ‘ ox Ifiw Ui as wat obev¥ gainstoald Bd grlingitshl ele TAP oft Gt ehioW nwo-tied? as whe yldawd sw doidw! alstst 9b me od ti mors blot over b' wow aed ental bed agent on wot xa vt) | byoriaqino? oved blow doirkw trad) wl tacts ‘bed vind fre ve eh ae a wt Mas 12 Fad aved b‘soo-yed? Vi entitle ial ‘oval sifgien yous stl qin Ob wal utie ruorksivy stony jo fiom ody ati baw | ioe uh rites ; feso9 Ye noi wa ne Toes ot artiost ylqor di‘ and) etobets ody Te 90h coke ee nar obi a shied: wogit ‘n0n0D idied “bse: Lad 28 od pion qe da at: sid anikey maths waqorq sont 1 ron % 10 h 0 botididonq' “od or daw sbi & ai Db Bor 3 gitidon” ob Be noled n noisnad 168 Mifcellaneous Papers. rioufly obvious to your Honours View in the reply itfelf we fhall not fay more And again they appear with a falfe & notorious miftake pre- tending the excefs of profit which we have anfwered, & will prove, doth not amount to one third part of what is pretended, but is a reproach caft upon trade, for what fo done we leave to your Honour’s Confideration ; not doubting what ever ill eye this Law may have to trade, his Majefty will encourage it And whereas in the laft place the pretend this Law wou’d have no ill Afpect to Virginia, and that there is no Advan- tage but what 3 or 4 Men get Eftates by. To this we An- {wer, x, fat the nen of ‘Traders on the Exchange of Lon- don do abundantly exceed the number mentioned, befides thefe 4 or § fo much envy’d & maligned in Virginia, & are the only buts the Law points at; & is fo often mention’d by the replicrs, & certain it is that a breaking off the Trade from the Indians, would break off their Freindfhip which is valuable, tho’ under- valued to drive on this Law, 2.: And whereas ’tis replied that the difadvantages to Virginia are many, As for Inftance, That every Year fome are killed & loofe their Lives to which we Anfwer, that we are aflured there hath been but 2 killd this 6 or 7 Years, & both them by one Single Indian, who was difgufted againft them, for denying him provifions, we challenge the repliers to prove more, es, we will anfwer their manner of: being killed i Next we muft take Notice how the’ pretend the Skin Mer- chants keep the poor Traders under, as the Tobacco Merchants keep under the Planters, fo that the whole tendency of this Re- ply is to beat ‘Trade out-of Countenance, & to calumnize the Merchants & Traders, which poy is recommended to your Honour’s Obferyation ; The next Calumny they lay on their Government, who they p's “*)\ > Loe eee es Fi : is a mA i “3G ndetite amine Hive &., chorewins a cbobaatorg 2] tadw. Yo gusq bt isk, 48 ae 3 ot. syeel ow onob ot sain - | ert woqu. Beypoene oy9. ii a9¥9 asdw gnisdu ib ton {noitsvbaod. eu o7" ae 7 ti SgewOoNe Ling yiteishl eid .dhex) of ovadl te me | : = b'uow wal: gids bagvaxg, ads aalq fisl odd. ai en Pa, av’ ps ae! : -navbA: oni, st9dd tnea, bas einigiY o3 RoqgA tion aud ary “nds, awe aight of Ud: enh ng cold 20. £ rad ud ORs : D " -nod to sgnadoxa, od ae. abel 0 redongit os. (wdT ot ng Sisd3 agbiled ybasouroa, vadenua od. beoaxe qlinabowds ob " vino, oda oan ® siaigit ai bongilem & b'yyay douse Xz Toh ae noilqat sda yd b'acitdom asfte ol ei 2.38 einiog wad ody, a + anne ot mov sbarT ads Bo giideord s mils ei di mine 7 ~i9 bows ‘oli aiid al did qidibnior'd riod ‘flo Asord bluow | ‘ wih wilt m0 ovinb 01 | boulsyv ainigu¥ of erg sonst outs, gars boilgos ed? anorodtw bake % bollid ors, senot 9K, (99, jad T oonghal 401 OA (YasO S38, enact? ta uals wie, 2M aorkt ouyudia A a0 doidwe ol evil ono yd modsydjod B enma¥ ¥ 70 0 ails bifid < aud: spe trich gniyagh sot ctor Agings. boflughb anw. ddr, gn tah si tl olgn Hw ow a nee 9veIg, O8 ziailqor ols ogaalinds oye enol bali gaisd Io: vonmneas iad Z| “19 Mini ods aiid es wor aouevt oles aarp ‘ enatiorM eooado’T ovr ax 5 crabus ewobert 100g dy gs ae “94h ain Io itd ep sled, oda, gas dl secre iP ) Skins and Furs. 169 fay avenge not the Murther of the Enelifh, we leave the Go- vernment to anfwer for themfelves, And whereas they alledge the felling powder & Shot & Guns is an injury we affert its the only conveniency & advantage, becaufe hereby'in Cafe of War or any trouble it licth in the power of the Enplith to withhold both from them, by which they will at leaft for a confiderable time be made uncapable of procuring it, & fo made more dependent, whereas were their dependence on Arrows (as formerly) they would be offenfive without remedy And its own’d by all other plantation for true policy to beat the Indians from Arrows &*, only becaufe of the provifions & accurate ufe, that the Indians have of them) but becaufe that continent is as yet in Nature, Woods, & with Arrows (not to mention the cuftom of poifoning them) they kill and are unfeen, & fo not to be difcovered, whereas they give warning by there Guns to others to defend themfelves if perchance they kill any one whereas it is well known, there was ten times the mifcheif done when Arrows, were the Indians weapons, than one now And whereas the repliers are pleafed Yet to urge the great & continual fear the traders in the Country are at, of being knock’t on the head, which makes them fervile & bafe, & ftirs up in the Indians a contempt of the Englifh Government, This bold affertion can never be proved, nor is there fuch fear, we dare fay, the repliers cannot give one Inftance of it further, than in 7 Years fuch an Accident of fome private Indians (as be- fore) may happen, but is an infinuation foreign to all the know- ledge of the Repliers, fave as an Argument to fupport a Law intended for the abatement of trade only becaule its fancyed 4 or 5 men get fomething by it, as is by them alledged, And it is fusther worthy your Honours confideration that this clamour againft going out to the Indians to trade, is againft that which other plantations are at a great charge to fend out, Y2 ee eee le eee ry lil ave 7 % Dupe enue 4, 1of2 ¢ rabyeq, , a oft oghianvbs ¥: sensing 10 yl ony itt disil 21 ofdyors ym hoidys yd enol mot diod ble Yo sidequoaw aban. od et : vont, 919W esriadw ietshe , enoitivorq ai) jo Stissoad cas. “a ewok ina en Sins inl) Stugood dud (moda to ayed easibal ond ip ous, 02: ‘@? 100) eworA _diiw B- aeboW ewe ni joy 26 2 MM itosinu ois bow Elial ysl (endo goiadliog to modes ods. AG oral yd grinniew ayia. youl eaonodw boro vostib ‘od od ; a yris [list your sonndsiaq ti ‘eevlolimod: bnatob oF eroddzg on th A’ ot: tins od} eomis not Baw gros won. low zi i oa wort Siva nigel cBOGROM zasibal di 219m ewonk itch 2, Jnorg odd sya ot ¥ boleoly OTe arsilqat, odd pie YAvons ened 16,35 916, enue of oy eben ody 183i I oli niqs ei d sled & alivist. masd3 zodsen dainty, bso blod aid’ pasanreve dtitgad ony to ‘ago 19300 2 wish ow ,indh dos oxed? at Toa cbovorq od py ot reel? odtua nv to sonafinl ono hae jonni -sd 26) ensthnl sinving ama to an DAL -woud 343 Ne os ngioio} noisy the ne wel. 9’ toga 0} anomugiA as p boyousd ati stud Uno : obs Yo snom ne 2 ' bogbolls iady xd 4h 28 i 2s: 39g gid? suis nor abilno> e1uoqoH IWOY ba: ow : is ds. A8i reddy Anisgs ef bss} 0} ensibal oe oF a i ~ uo basi 09 ‘Sgnaddo tai bik ou e 1oldnse 170 Mifcellaneous Papers. 1, To fee and difcover the Country, 2, To learn the Strength of the Indians & their way of living 3, To find out Trade & civilize them by degrees, But whereas they object againft the debauch’t Lives of thern that go out to trade it were to be wifh’t they were better, but thefe repliers only by hearfay, & not by knowledge, lay this re- proach upon them; it being known fome of them are as civil perfons as any in the Government; and it would be hard that a Body of men fhould be reproach’t for any particular a& of one Man, befides we humbly prefume the King’s Majefty & the Government would loath to loofe the Trade of the Nation, for the fake of fome debauch’t porters, Sailors, or Carmen that are employed in negociating the Laborious part of it, which is in good meafure the fame thing, Liaftly they alledge a repetition of a profit, which would bear this duty; we do declare the contrary, & as before are ready to produce Accounts for many Years paft, to prove it a miftake, taken up on pure prejudice to trade, for fome particular Intereft, as by their own confeffion in this very paragraph of their Anfwer. Wherein they give as a reafon why the Trader was prohibited the carrying out their goods from that Colony, to the making the beft of their Eftates, which they had with fo much charge, & hazard, & Infurance brought in there becaufe they wou’d go to Carolina & Maryland, where no fuch duty was, & fo make fome advantage of their goods, And fome of us have been informed this very claufe was put haftily in, on purpofe becaufe a worthy Gentleman a trader in that Country, faid that he cared not if they made the Law he wou’d remove his goods which perfectly evinces, the Law was made not for the publick good but for prejudice. We therefore humbly offer unto your Honours the unreafon- able hardfhip of this Law (which is without any precedent in sud. gioited. ous yout 2 i -o1 eid? yal cabal woud ye livio-zs oan omieds Yo or s yattt brad od bluow a fae ono -lo fas selusinen yan 3 ods Bo yfajaM e'pni a, pricier Gog yidenud ow, 30) ,n19itsV od3 40, her T dt, Soo! as ilynol. bloow 3 gin jens moms 10 erobied tang i‘dausdab, nuns 10? ni at doidw i, Jo nag 2voleda | noitivaqe sgbolts spd ifs ns sda. v1shoeb ob aw" 2 vib zits ynsen rot aruoooA souborq, ot ‘ybeot od snibufarq 91uq nO qu nde ” § it ni momstes mwo vio oe: bozidi es 1 an yebaT we bay ods geidgey geht od, eyqaloD. aneld a pe mht te 2, agiads dower, ot diiw. bast yor doidw pi 2 o1 og b'vow yeds slusagd avprly mi sdguord ; a srnot alse Ot Hb pemw ub dowd ont, svathy bat hi ) ’ bonmotni aged syed eu de Bro) bah. ak 0 16 7 vide yiliaow. & slunsed Foqiug Ao ae vided, Jug, ave aw li son bared oil sad bia, avo ast ai, tebe Lectin doidw aboog, aia alone uw 2d wad . . | RW oes Airs na +H; ie Curing Red and Pickle Herrings. 171 any Nation whatfoever) that it fhould make it to be impoffible for the Merchant to fell his Merchandize in that Government, and to make it ruinous on purpofe to prohibit it to be carried to any other, where he may not do it, and fince this Claufe, as we have alledged, is greatly contradictory to the Law of England, & to the Intereft of England, & the freedom of Trade, & an abatement of the confumption of the Manufactory of this Kingdom, we hope his Majefty will take it into Confideration, before it have the Royal aflent. | And humbly pray Orders may be taken herein, that the Mer- chants may have Liberty either to trade or remove their Effects where they may, & not by fuch a furprifing (if not unreafonable Law) have their Eftates deftroyed. The Adethod of Curing Red and Pickle Herrings. &7 OU muft not take any Herrings till they are full rowed & when they begin to be Shotten you muft leave off Thofe Herrings you defign to cure to be red’d, you muft cull them, that are well baited, then what you take out of a draught, lay on a boarded place laid Shelving for to drain, then fprinkle them & turn them with great and Small Salt mixt, & after the blood & Slime is drained from them, take them & wath & Scale them in the firft Water, then pull out the Gill & with it the Gut, _ leaving the row in, & belly whole, then rince them in the 2™ Water, & throw them into pickle made pretty {trong with large Salt then you muft have your long wooden rods ready, which muft be full of little Short peggs, at fuch diftance as the Her- rings muft not touch each other, which when you have filled with Herrings you muft hang up in your herring hang, which muft have peices of Timber come down from the Rafters of the Houfe full of Peggs to lay your Rods of Herrings on, then light fome green Sappy Billets at the ends and lay about 3 IX! A oldMoqmi od “ ai 9% os hekata ae a Hy no evoriua i ose ve 4h diate | ood biwtgaD 40 vem sitiasas oor Jon salle citing 8 doul yd on B year bare pra anes — rior, ovad (weal c , ie ae pe Vie aie a Be 1F ak oe N aaneek Soi na = sie ‘6 bedtshh oP | a —B bewor lui 97m york His egainioli yns sales don Aum U ttod’T Ro ovasl fiom u6y adver -od of nigad yodtasdw mmo Huo Aver woyb'ber ad 03 sw on, agilob. yor egninoH yal inyuerb s Yo io Fi woy’ teclw nous betied iow ove sadly miss ‘lslecing nod? .cigth oF 1 gnivisde bial sonlq babaod & ao ; boold oz tofts B .xien thee Hern? bas re9tg daiw moss mous mod? sleo® wh daw & sods oils: ced: uno’ benisth ome Bo ued ofly si dave 2 HD) only: soo dug nods wie W 12 ods of) ni mnotky sont; madky), alodve Vlod dh gai wos of rE ogtal daiw goondk yong hein obloiq aanimeds ‘ , tone doidw ,ybnor zbox neboow gaol awoy: coved Nur 4 “1h ofl) es gonatlb dou te .2Q99q nora. alii Yo 0 boll overh wo, notte doidw padio doe lous 40 - doidw goed gaigaed. swe) shqu gand) ievehan to e1sitsS oft moi awob smo reer oT sds 10 zgnino Yo eboAyamo yoy bain oo duods ne bua abana: sich aii a 172 Mifcellaneous Papers. together on the Flower in feveral Places about 6 Foot diftance each Fire which muft be very carefully tended night & day, for if the fires are out never fo little time the Herrings are all Spoiled & if you let the fire be more than a conftant Smooking glowing heat (which you muft order by opening & Shutting the Windows & Doers) the Herring will be roafted & drop from -the bone, but your fires muft be fuch as the herrings muft juft be kept moift from top to bottom, & drop very foberly, they muft have 3 droppings, which will take up about 4 Weeks, then take them down off the Sticks & lay them 4 or 5 days on Peaham Straw, then pack them up in dry feafon’d Cafk end ways, You muft during their hanging to cure have a Ladder to take down thofe which fhall be firft cured, which you will find by their not dropping any more. Pickle Herrings. OU muft manage your pickle Herring after the fame man- ner you do the red Herring, and then pack then pack them very clofe in your Barrels with a good Quantity of large Salt, about 2 or 3 Weeks afterwards you muft make new pickle & new pack & prefs them very clofe in the Cafk with weights, then head them up & fet them in your Warehoufe bound up with a peice of Slate, tile or Stone on the Bung, & keep filling them with pickle till you Ship them on boad for a Voyage. The Mlethod of Planting Vineyards and Making Wine. I SPECIAL regard muft be of the Climate, Seafons & Soil, which you defign to plant, & to know what Sort of Vines will thrive beft in each. 2 For all fweet & rich Wines, either a Strong or Chalky Soil, whether on plains or declivities, which are moft proper for dry a idles i tn bom pie wii adtodot wie ptr ae scesabaiel cee — goles nods too Wp suods qa oaee flew eS re mutisel. ao-ayab @ 20. + ome # woud: ata Ro avtobanoda, vo¥ geysw bus aie). bins | 3 awob els? ot whbal s. ova ou oo et Bie ‘tots, gainob Aum’: jowr tied « batt ttiw voy: bias eberinna feat ad med doidw atoda./ aa a He Aine neh ee woe Oe 4% oF bes ‘tai te - a aio 5 Mi | dy. Gaal 4 aS “fi: seat ot ae pases ahloig Woy opens Dum FOX Jong neds, dosq mod, bas ygateH, b | aoTsl to Vitam boog R. daiwe elev rf a ‘oho “ve Wee ing es aye a ashore mr ne anil, a 4 jp ole; 0. nl _< ‘a ais SBBNO V #10) bod. Wot ae wn ant sa eee oh “a : ae | ¥ anoisse ,oiacnitD odd Yo ab puree bins 108 sate word: ot & aie ter Ceres Be en, geet iva wall: “We sity satin Planting Vineyards and Making Wine. Sari & full body’d Wines; a loofe mould & Sandy Soil for green wines; ora black mould, & moift Lowground if not furrounded with Neighbouring Hills. 3 The Month of November new Stile, is the proper feafon for Planting, efpecially in dry & warm Grounds, & on declivities to the South & Southweft. 4 Your Plants muft be cut from Old rede that be found & fruitfull, which fet about 2 feet deep in the Earth, leaving about half a foot out, & take care to have knots both above & under Ground, for from them fprout both the Roots & branches, fet the Plants in rows about 4 feet diftant from each other, which rows muft be made at fuch a convenient diftante, as the La- bourers may have room enough to prune, dig, weed Kc, betwixt them. 5 If you ftick a fmall Stake by each plant, & ty it thereto with Spart rufhes, or the like binding it will fecure them from being fhaken by violent winds, or from being carriea away by floods, but as the Plants grow up ufe longer and thicker Stakes efpecially if you defign (as they do in fome parts) to frame the Rows into the manner of a hedge, with is made by long Canes & Strait Sticks carry’d from one Stake to the other & faften’d to each, Breaft high; as the Branches of the Vine fprout out lay them down on each Side upon thefe Stakes, binding to the fame fuch as be preferved to bear fruit, but prune off all the under Sprouts & keep the Edge fo free that a man by ftooping may view from one end of the Vineyard to the other: if the ground admit of the fame; yet in moft parts of Spain they make no fuch hedges, but leave the Vine to embrace the Stake or {fpread upon the Ground. 6 For pruning begin in the wain of the moon in January, & don’t exceed the wain in March following, & the fooner this work be ended before the utmoft Seafon, the better, if you make no edge, then lopop all the branches to the head, which ea ee On ee ee oe ee) Tee } heat ioqorg offs ai rumen 2ditivilosh no B chao naw B sa ni ea ca pobre ‘onmeaill 4 brut od sadly alro28 bIQwoi nic ad Auer esa pntwtys wods gnivesl dred adam epseb toot © su0de sot diddy (Mutviet es: wha ¥ svods. died vont Svad of sino sales B aud joo! W Ued \ oe int odoumd & eto ome sted qwoigt ened? moto) himod) eee doidw ~orlte dose oot tarhtib jot p suoda awornl aml ods -a.l ods es ornehib insingyaio « dak se sbem od Tum ewer riwied xh boow .gib onttg or dgqudns moot dyad yarn tied otoiods ai yr B analq doe yd odes2 line « doit vox Wg” “mon erodt auch iw tt gribnid oil odd t0°,20dtut rieg? dtby yd yews boittes gnisd mol 10 zbniw aaloiv yd node gated jesanre yd sid bos r9gttol ‘Sty qu: wor emisl'l od e@ tid @book oily seneit 69 (edisq gral Al ob yorlt 2a) agileh soy Vi Ulsioagis : gonk > wnol yd Sbem 2 ditw sebeod x lo roan ot omni ewot | > orb'aohidl & redso oft oF 91628 sno enott byt. edrine jive B yal mo mor oni ors Yo soronrl odd ae ; i dgid itor ,fona omit od OF gnibaid eodna® ods nogH obie dors no awob mods + vabas odt te Ro sang’ jud divi 10d 08 bovisiang od en’ ot | yam paiqooh yd asm sid) sot ol ogbd adi grad Ba worK biverg sly } 2 adie od at bunyoniV ona, to bns 900 inet woiv oe phe on silent yor) gig Yo enaq thom ai ay ome orf: Yo simbs ; ' Hi 10 sinic oth ooedeay 03 2 oni oda evest vud cxgbod dex S ae 4. poner: ni aoorn odd iia sae ai A diate ninid 20 ids tonodt oda 2 .yniwollor otal ni “tinw oft: borax 9 voy He paaed odd idle Metiaw seta BivssnPopesdl: foidw -beod ody of esdoanid ods te do coi 174. Mifcellaneous Papers. will thicken into a large knobb; but if you keep to the hedge work, you may leave 2 or 3 of the main branches extended on the Canes, cutting off the Ends with difcretion. 7, After pruning, open the Ground round the Roots to receive the rains ; but when the weather begins to be warm, & the Sun - to feorch, then fill up the Ground again 8. The clearer you keep the Vineyard from Weeds, you wil! gather more fruit, & make better Wines, g. As your Plants grow full of Leaves, & the Grae incline to ripen, you muft direét your men to walk thro’ each row, & gather off fuch Leaves as Shade the fruit from the Wind and Sun 10. The wain of September Moon new Stile, is the ufual Seafon for gathering the Grapes, & if you forbear to gather the bunches (which fhould be cutt off with a fmall Bill or hooked knife) till after the Sun hath rifen, & hath warmed the Grape, & hath dry’d up all the moifture contracted by the night dews, and again leave off before the evening dews can affect the Grape, you will certainly make the better Wine, tho’ the lefs; the clofer the bunches are cut off to the Grape, by which you will have the lefs Stalks, it will add to the goodnefs of the wine, otherwife the Stocks leave naturally an unpleafant, bitterifh tafte on the palate, 11. The ripeft fruit muft be firft gathered, leaving the more latterly for the fecond & third gathering, expofing them as much as you can to the Sun to ripen; if the rains fall before the vintage, you will make the more wine, but it will be neither fo good nor fo rich, 12. In the making of Skerry Wine, after gathering the bunches, they fpread the Grape upon Matts, expofed to the Sun’s beams, as well to dry up all the outward moifture, as for the eafier picking out all the rotten or green Grapes, when this is done they are carried to the treading prefs, at which time they 2vd9297) od noo, onla f Wi ad nue adh B erasaw od, ‘a a ism Hliw woy boo W mont | ontifoni comer, ortt a, geowmedh 2ollsk wong ainsll nny aAcee A wor done ‘ods allew of ag awoy Hoth Rum voy 09 bas baiW? eda ssont sah saciid +s sii Boul, fo. ach vodseg-o2 pinaeset Uoy i ,) pany ody ales ‘ob n basood 10 {itl Isat ¢ daw Bou sd- blo doidw) @ | | 3 ,9qe1 ods, honssew. somal gavin rad nue oils ratte Mia Gi, , bag web rdgin ons yd bsfigisno2 owsftions aet-is qu bib Pol caqaw ods fete neo ewsb gaiove orl oxted “Ro sveol. 1 od? ; aol ors ‘ods ont WF aoaed ods oa Rent inias29 iw Loy iw voy dainwyd, aqettd axa o2 Ro wo 918 aolonud od? ratold,. sate edt Yo: Panboog oi} ot bbs Mliw u adler? asl od ; v A ofed dinssaid perenes an haaiaee oval a eae ads ‘iv oto rt f asiiiend od liv i id ¢ coi 1088 1 at sis , eas ? i orld pairs ‘init oni pad ts, piel as oi) of boloqxe ene nog, agers) orld, bang x 1ot en oaftion: binwiso, off de qu yb, 0, Leif ric now ogni) mnaeag 70 augr ods Us a yods omis doidw 1. dho1q gaibsans oft 03 be 278s Planting Vineyards and Making Wine. 17 § {fpread over them a Quantity of the Yeflo Powder, which they tread & prefs together with the Grape ; but in the other Procefs _ the management is the fame as of other Wines, 13, When the grapes are gathered, they muft be carried in bafkets to the Wine prefs to be trodden, and when the prefs is full they put other grapes in to a large Veffell, plac’t on purpofe near the Prefs, to fupply it as it grows empty by Treading ; the Prefs muft have a hole with a clofe grating, for the pure wine to pafs thro’ into a veffell that ftands under it, the grapes fhou’d be trodden as foon as poffible, for fhou’d they lie but a very few days they would heat & ferment, by which means it wou’d be uneafy to the men, for it wou’d flea off the Skin from their Legs, befides the inconvenience of having fome of the grapes perifh, which wou’d do no good to the wine as | beleive is ex- perienced in the making of Syder 14, As the receivers grow full with the muft from the Prefs, they carry it away and fill their Cafks & large Jarrs, within a foot of the bungs or Mouths, covering them only with boards or the like, to keep out Vermin from falling into them 15, After the muft has been 2 or 3 days in the Veffells the Spaniards ufe generally a fort of Chalk or Lime ftones called Yeffo, which they pound to powder of which they take 1, 2, or more Porringers full, according to the gage of their Veilell, & put them into the muft, & with a long ftick or Cane they ftir it well together, this is repeated Morning & evening for 2 or 3 days, & then it fhou’d ftand to boil, purge & purify the muft, & it will refine & force to the bottom all the groffer Sediments, 16. The Spaniards for the better preferving & fecuring the Wines, not bought up by ftrangers, efpecially thofe which they defign to Ship of for the Weft Indies; they have a Furnace, large Panns, or Kettles, which they fill up with muft, and boil up-to the confiftence of Lreacle, then they pour it out into coolers (which they call Arope) & when ’tis cold they cafk it : ava youn id wi | asoord voile ae na ' ule a iia . ni bolris> od fiuar ep ik aaqaig orl nod) ai along ods codw baw ,aabbe Bp a av T ody 09 Soquqg ao. saelq , Kshs af & 0} ni 2oqaiy ‘too arly ; gitibes T 4d qm, eo | ji2n fl gaat oO , 2 wiih “tee 2 oniw svg oil) 101 cynic olo.« dtiw slod & owed | od b'uad) se aie oft el robnus ebasft yedla lioltey k oo 4 1 Haq wal ev 6 wed oil ods b'oodt wl ldiiog ee rook. as ng od b'vow 1 encom dotdy wd, hort th teed bluow yoda 2 Bb vada ott gide odt Ro seh) b'vow 1 2 nom sdf, of leon _ pIgRTg ads to ome gatvad Yo gonvinovaoam, sit eabitod. } mn. ai oyiaked: I aie orig oede ea boog on ob b'vow doidw efllinog BAe ve beam Cod gaislsor ont. ok bogagineg ond ads nora Sharer o¢ly dive ilu worg, aayieger oda aA. oh” B aidiiw arial ogra! A ede’) riod: UA bap yas ti verisa yoas “ebined. chive ylno moda gases 2divell yo agaud odd Yo: mod) omni gaillst mon nici V wo good 98 ail adz 10 of alloto ¥ ada aye £10. wood esd fhm ot, oT th hollaa 2onof. anit, 19 aed) to. s101. 6 Ulewasg atu eb 10 ‘ el bits Dae — to ai‘ ody a ae tle: od: wr 176 Mifcellaneous Papers. up, & keep it for their ufe, they take 2 or 3 Gallons of this & put it into the new or Old Wine (but it works & mixes beft with New) immediately after the fermentation, which gives them a ftronger body, & enables them to endure the hot Seafons, & the tumbling of fo long a Voyage but this Unctious Liquor tingeth the wine with a deep brown Colour. 17, They make a Beveridge for the Country Labourers after this manner, when the Grape is preft & all the muft run out, they take away the hufks which by treading are hard caked, thefe they break into fmall Pieces, and throw them into the Prefs, and pour in fuch a Quantity of water as difcretion directs, this they let ftand infufing 24 Hours, after which they tread it well over again, & draw it off as they did the Wine and cafk it up, but this Beveridge will not keep a Year, unlefs it be {trength’n’d with fome of the boil’d wine, 18, And laftly in the Month of March immediately follow- ing the vintage, you are to draw or rack off all your new Wines into other Cafks and Veffells which you are to fix in the Vaults & Cellers where you defign they fhall lye, for in this Month the Vines begin to bud forth, which fimpathize fo far with the Wines as to fet them in a fermentation, which foon is over, & makes them fine for the racking Note, that the trenches of your Vineyard muft be dug quite thro’ the fame depth that the Vines are planted; whether 2 or 3 feet, The lower part of each plant mutt ly along the bottom of the trench, the Length of a foot or more, on which put your foot, & with your hand rear up the remaining part, which is to remain above the furface of the earth as was before directed ; the plants ought to ftand at an exa@ diftance from each other, & always in rows he Ot ee ia! a a A * ay 3 oi o olla sues i, nd tod aaxien de atiow 4 ud) WY DLO mads 2ovig doirtw aie sna a ae us 2 «eicten® tod ons ayuhps opie voupid evoifaaUl eidd, tod day ofa ernuodg,! et iri cal sods ae eee syo run fun of) Me A Hong i ager) odd nodw yredninmneide kes bred sis gaibeow yd doidw aftud odd yawa- sider yada os oini mods wouly baw. gee Abel ofak daord yoda: Aol e ford neitadlih es istew Yo _tiiqen® a doi ai aveq bas Merk tibeow yods doidw tite waa ps goilditni bash tol yds aids fea bre ani WV oda bib yodd ge Bo. 2i warb d .nigge agven od 3 Atoka. ineY, & .qo2al. feat Aire opbirovedl, gid mds ae ate ie _ > anbw biied ods ‘io scuch deiw b'a ee i -wollat qlomibomum, dow, to dimoll od) ai ylftel bak Bt. oe coni V7 wan woy Ils Ro Aas 19 wash od a18 woy agamniv oddm aV¥ ods ai xf oF 18 MO doidvy alls hs V bow exis. sodto ogni? TE hye aoM zit mi 10h oy Hac yods ngiteb uox sodw ersllsD dey. im. ols dai ait ab axicvuigenit did cinot bud os nigod aani¥, | “a 4 were 2 noo dois noldeingerat ai ssraeld 39h...09, 6 en * = | ie giladces ola 1h, oat, engels acts» © | : J — igo od fluc binyoniV. 10% Yo, codoneys ods ier (eo ae v = to © iwaltorlw aiioat | oe bach atl) rela digab ome od Slit) 7 2 to tiated adi ool “3 ee :. -e ison Niends rol of wey iq doidw tO 91001, 10 toot & ard digas]. oft ¢ ra o3 2} doidw. tig, gnimiamer adh, qt vee, based een : bstaanh gidlod .eaw.2s. Arise oda, 10 goat, oda, ent ___ sdvo. ogg mnott soanhib Bux, nk $6 bah tre oa vik) ck sea awn we = rh ie by: spi ib ak oi oe ‘a i of he: ne ond ed Rk. Management of Vines. 177 Mr Collifon concerning the Management of Vines. Col* Byrd, N my Letter laft Year I gave you my thoughts on the man- I agement of Vines & a Vineyard but as that mifcarried I fhall now give you fome general! hints — _ —A good fituation is a very effential point to be confidered in -the choice of a Vineyard a gentle Declivity to the South is ef- teemed the beft which more fpeedily carries off the water, which on a Flat is apt to flay long, & is very prejudicial, a Sandy gravelly dry foil is beft, Juices produced from this, is ftronger & better flavoured, than from a Low moitt Situation A good Shelter is very neceflary & fhould be raifed on all Sides but the South by railing plantations of ‘Trees’ of the quickeft growth as Hickory Locuft, &« but on that fide which is moft expofed to the ftrongeft Winds the Plantations muft be made more formidable but let none be planted fo near the Vines as to drip upon them In Planting there is various Methods according to Country & Clymate fome fet the Vines 3 or 4 foot from each other & the Rows 6 Foot afunder others plant 6 foot afunder on every Side, We give more Room becaufe we want the Sun’s heat, & expofe our Fruit by degrees, but with you where the Sun is vaftly hot- ter, it will require more Shade & Shelter from its fervour, For if the Fruit be expofed to its Heat, it is foon welted & With- ered, In pruning thefe general Rules are principally obferved, to keep a fucceflion of wood on the Vine, The Branches of the firft Year’s Shoot growing from the " Old Stock are to a Strong Stake placed in the Center of the Plant & in the Spring following in January or February the Branches are to be cut down to 2 or 3 Buds 77 Bas octal sacle: ‘(or a iii Botaitine soe Us si Isic -\o ei uod od) oF nivily sbneg « Ins pniV es doidw jotew only fo aohiigs 9 libeoq! sion doidw’ yinned e lstsibujorg. igen at ee eqitol oR OF tq aad h a0 ragniord vi ist) mort bbodborg s9iuT Siod ei fick wb yllovarg nolmune Rieu woul r rao nad? boinovell iond {hk Ho bStisr od bluoit ® quENsoon y9v a istlade’ boog "A odd Yo’ “e907'F to lertebeee Yaitior yd ‘dsyo? ‘oily ‘mud obi doldw eb? tsd3 oo dod! Ey puro t cols ee diworg Aedsiap - ‘od Som anoitenslT ody aba iw Thagnow oft 02 ‘bstogs flow ai eoni'¥ odd resol ijusrs Se Seine rol ind sapacytiian | | | © evel ered ¥ ec Oo wetahealadte horlin i evotisveni: sted 9 a) ony 2 yodtio ono mon toot pw ¢ eon ont Wb sen jont yi Labia -yreve no ‘obra joo! & tnslq notte tobndte vo | oA Siogxo b wod a ‘nwa oul amsw ow Stusaed M003 10 + owg -sort’ yiflav at mine! oda otaiwe HOY diiw tid jos 3 be . vol wor ent molt asalole & sbad@ 'stoen'® . AN VT a todas nent A 1 ts0H ati Cub S1oqxe ¢ mn Nall ref 03 :bevisido inna om esiiael ae Sieg ont \\ par add rab 0 | vile mow gained soot eam Y ft ret orl coma 10 pinto: ai ‘gniwollo 0 ing odd ae (abu: t% wey m sneha d 0} s18 aod 178 anil ifcellaneous Papers. And thefe*Buds when they Shoot the 24 Year produce each 2 or 3. Branches, which are again to be carefully tied up to the Stake in the Center, & when they have attain’d to the Heighth of 4 or 5 Foot top them & if they fhoot again top them above the Joint of the laft Shoot, & keep them topping till they’ve done Shooting, but always be carefull to leave Spare Budds on the top of the Branch to divert the Sap, for if the Branch is ftrip’t clofe & bare, & no top branch or buds left, the confe- quence will be that the bearing Budds will Shoot in the Autumn inftead of the next Spring, & the Crop be loft The Branches that are of the 2? Years Shoot which is bear- ing Wood rarely fails of bearing fruit when they are prun’d in the 3? Spring are to be left 3 or 4 or 5 Foot according. to the Streneth Vine & conveniency of fpreading & when they have done bearing are to be cut off near to the Stem to make Room for a Succeffion of bearing Wood, for unlefs there was this management there would be no keeping the Vine within com- pafs & the Vineyard with Regularity, I come next to confider in what manner to advife you in ‘ripening the Fruit and to prevent the mifcarriage you mention, which I apprehend proceeds from the bunches being too much expofed to the Sun, & being too near the Ground cou’d not bear fo ftrong a reflection. To remedy this & adapt a method fuitable to your climate, I propofe that you practice the Method ufed in Spain & Italy, that is by raifing the Stem of the Vine to 2 or 3 Foot high & keeping them prun’d to that heighth & fpread the bearing branches of the 2? Years produce from the Center of the plant, which will give room for the Buds in the Center to Shoot for next Year’s Wood, & are to be carefully tied up which will prevent their Shading or annoying the Branches that have the Fruit that Year, which may run either Eaft & Weft or North & South, which you find fucceed beft on ftrong forked Sticks t iu HA iy aL ah Tpit 8 j iy iidgisH ody of b'nisns oved yott n svoda moti? qos niggs. toodh ov'yod2 Ilit gniqqo? mist no ebbufl oisqe avast of Hf 2 zi donsifl ody Ti vot qne. od i -Siro3., ori} etal ebud 10 dongs qoi “qe Pe nemiwA odd al dood live 2 rbas gaiisod od vadl3 9d Hive 92 19k a wat fol od quid ada 3. yung? ream ot Yo besfhah 1nod ai doidw toon ewe * oda to 18 reel eodoneitl, aft } | ai b'auiq ow vod nsdyw suit gahasd jo ‘alist yloww1 booW ry oi of gaibrog2e 2001 2 10 $10 ¢. Hal ad of me gatge, te i a oved yor? notw % _gaibsargh ». * ge ieee 4 anti¥ digaou8 odie i moo sdem. oF 11932 ortt 0} Leo Ho ju od. Of Wis gninsod = of zit, eave o1nd? @olan 0d booW gainsed to noilszau2 & 1 Toh ie -mo> micaiw oat ods gniqood on, od bluow oxad3 jooinaganam ° \ aitalurge 5 tive bisyoai V. ods B ii a " =f ni wo, livba 0 Tonic andy: mi wbilno> of, 3x90 9mm02.. c MoiNIM woOX IgAriys, Ri ods Imavaiq of bag sin ods gainag rloumn oF gniod esau oda moat iar: baodanaas, I do 5 = pa it aaa 9131, Ol, ue: t sina. iwoy or sidasiy) bodaoma & 1yibs A. indy bomen des et ylel Bmisqé aisbsia bordel oda. spiferq, 19%. ted sho %B dgid soo ¢. 10, 808 oni¥ add Yo masz oda ritina yd i n gnitsed. ota. basag) 38 diadgiod, dela, ob b’ 7 fad Lig: dislq of3 Yo roineD od? mow aauborq Erey 4 4 od 10.2 soe Wt stood of 199090. orld. ink abud. oda. 10 M001 stig, iw, Hive salen wt bait, Degen: es 9, 1% a ae 4 oY Ja Management of Vines. 179 2 or 3 to each Branch & the diftance between the Rows of Sticks juft enough for the Leaves to fpread, if the Branches are tied faft between the Forks it will bear the Fruit the better & better refift the Winds, Raife the Sticks or Stage to the eden of 2 or 4 foot or higher that there may be room to keep the Ground clear of Weeds underneath, this method will create a Shade on the Ground & prevent too Strong a RefleGtion & Leaves will natu- rally rife on the top & Shade the Fruit which be carefull to preferve but Suffer no Branches or Leaves to grow underneath to Incumber the fruit & prevent the free circulation of Air & ftifle the Fruit, And I apprehend the more you cover the Ground provided the Fruit hangs clear It will ripen the better, Prune the bearing Branches that are tied down on the Sticks ‘in this manner, as foon as the Buds have fhot Branches fo long that the Branches appear top them at the Joynt above the laft Bunch & if the Bud at the Joynt Shoot top that & fo keep them top all the Seafon of Shooting, which will ftrengthen & enlarge the Fruit & more fap will flow to the Branches that rife in the Center which are for fruit the next Year & thefe being tied up to the Stake & lop’d to a regular Heighth & the bearing branches being kept regular check’t below the whole Vine will appear regular & uniform. Experience will teach you to im- prove thefe Hints I had almoft forgot the principal thing & that is what Sort of Grape generally fucceed beft in a Vineyard, and that is all Clufter Grapes & thofe that bear thin fcattering Bunches, for the heat foon penetrates them & foon drys up the Rain dews & the Wind has not fo {trong an effect on them but try all Sorts & Judge for yourfelf I wou’d further recommend to your obfervation another very common Method abroad And that is according to the old Poetick Phrafe marrying Elms with Vines which is celebrated by Virgil in his Georgicks, & many other natural writers perhaps it may fucceed very well with Ovl ah Jo ewok fy e 15d oon dan eto ear sifVo Liban yo" ig Yo Angin od apt ey ois arr Nias | ide “Yo teal batior” oft iss bed M007} oo sd) no obed@ x ws x «uta Ifiw sivnol B ihoni fs acti ad sav B be on Huts “ad doin tin of obad2 38 qod alt HO aoe disomebaus wong oF she $4 10 esdonaif on waite 2 Sy : AA Yo nobelusis got” at MISvITY ‘8 tent oils redemuonl: of , dl oft wvod uoy som oma besdorgee 1 baA ivr’ ‘ott shift: as coied odt coqht [hw al-niela zgned tivs'l ody bobiverg bamov wise oth no nwob bsis 91g ted) codonetll gairsad: odoinn |rol oO) eotsnmé yodt oved abutf orl) 2k ool ef pontine | aids i fisl of} ovods 1ayol oda ae mod) qos issqih ‘eddoneel “Sai ged rs tyood oA tony od Wore ma ol oid on bua odd ti B doowél goralis % modigaadh thw dsidw erivapite Yo flea sili fle qos ont ni 1 dats aorta ‘sd of wok fiw q@ 10m 8 dun’ ofl qu bo-gnied Sods aT gxon oft tivit tot ote doidvr r9¢m99 ‘gained oft 8 didgiokt iwlirgot & OF bigot a “odsi@ ode ot Hiw onti'¥ olodw sity. woled sloocds raluger jqod gai: S -mi os soy dossy fiw sonsiegxa” unidting B ilog vB gaily leqioning od sogict flora bad 1” emit sae ovorg ve sc all s hi diod ‘bysoaui qisisang oni) % hot sain ab dati a en qu a rol ¥ ite zorsrtonog “ee dad Ai 4 sud molt no Bots re gnor ot ton eet bri? ott ewob ais | basmmoss: vith) beow I YUshuey 403 sabel % a | bends borlioM agtarmes yrav bites nouevt oyod amit gare Dotty aoizsod bho. onl. olg % palrigioo eid ai ‘tigi ur oredeles shy llow boszont sane u 4 dag 180 Mifcellaneous Papers. you efpecially thofe Sorts of Vines that bear great bunches & large fruit whofe weight requires a better Support than Stakes If you pleafe to remember you'll find inftances of this Nature in moft parts of your Colony, ‘Your wild Vines lay hold on every Side with the wild Trees for their Support, Query, if the beft Sort of your wild Grapes were well cultivated whether they would not yeild better Fruit, & ripen fooner & make a pretty Wine, being Natives perhaps they may be better adapted to your Seafons, than Foreigners, was I in your Country I fhou’d try the Experiment I will clofe this long relation with an Obfervation of a very curious Gentleman M' Charles Dubois who in his Travels thro’ the South parts of France & Spain was very agreeably enter- tained in their Gardens from variety of Fruits growing together Being regularly planted with Cherries Apples & Pears and againft every Tree grew a Vine which run up into the Tree and was fupported by its Branches, & when he was there, was plentifully hung with Fruit, and ripen’d to great perfection and a moderate Skill in pruning ferved The better to illuftrate the Method of pruning which is the principal piece of management in order to have good fruit and a full Crop, I have enclofed a rough Sketch for your Obferva- tion, I am perfwaded we are now both tired the beft reafon to conclude With my beft Wifhes for Succefs in all your Endeavours : x P Co LINson. no bod e eoaiV¥ 7 igo pene wore a | ods i qrouQ) ~N NNS SEES SSASSS Ute of Sf), 7 i : eee veo EE IP Sass 8 Cietoadineeetaghthal fice ae Coll cag "vi ew ‘ ery "aed 1 melange pc wi fetes ete = Ms FO PLAVI Yn fr2tryp COC aes ~~ fee ad . Nea a Priel et Wi ys ae ‘ts i. oa ; 1 ; wee’ . vi ea a + elite a i 4 Mt me Pn ; Jy me ae ¥ ota) Fe) 184 Mifcellaneous Papers. Mr Collinfon about our own Country Grapes maft likely to Thrive Col? Byrd, Kind Friend D the Pleafure of yours June 145 @ Captain Bafwell, & am L glad to find mine contain’d any thing worth you Notice, I wifh the fuccefs may anfwer both our expectations, I fhall be glad to hear of the profperity of your Vineyard, & which Sort of Grape fucceeds beft, why fhould it not with you as well as at the Cape of Good Hope, but there muft be a time for all things &-different Climates required different Management, at the Cape where the Wind perpetually blows a Tempeft, the Vines with great Care are run on Stages clofe the ground, & kept conftantly tied and indeed the pains they beftow is very well recompenced by the excellent Wines they produce But I am yet of the mind that at the time a Year that your natural Country Grapes are ripe if a perfon that was a Judge was to mark thofe that were moft Elegant for Size & Flavour & foon after take cuttings & plant in a frefh generous Soil & regularly cultivated, I can’t help thinking but they’d be much improv’d & being natural to your Climate & Seafons would produce better than Foreigners & perhaps may yeild a Wine peculiar for Strength & flavour, J had this Year.a letter from North Carolina where amongtt many curious remarks on the produce of that Country the Author fays that he faw & eat Grapes growing wild, as large & as good as any he ever eat up the Streights, I hope I-may depend on him, if fo what a noble produce that province would yeild if rightly cultivated, I cou’d be glad you’d make the expcriment of a quarter of an Acre with the beft & choifeft of your Country Grapes that wou’d be enough to fee the produce sondl ot Dai, wv. 4 ms 3 llsvioll ai Fy “pe I srit0 voy drow yaidd yas: sd Hed} I 2noiseBoqxa bik dod rowine Y r102 doidw % breyani OY Y ghadion 4 2s low es voy diiw ton a blyodt ydw , Siod 2 lin sot sonia « od Suen giedy aud e@qoH boo®) 0 an 1s, nomegensM snoratlithy heriupo: zomipih: dene a : = oda fisqmeT & ewold ylleutoqreg baiW dz ordlw 2 sie % ,bovoeryg sd2 stols eogeid go aun sin sw deorg hint . yi9¥ 2i wolled your ainaq adi” boosbni bas’ bois vliasfino. 29 sauborq yort enti WE. snallooxs- oly yd tonne toy sed ass Y «Onn ots add brim oda to aa oa Ts roby, « aaw'jndd noha ® ie ‘aqh ais agent) yuawo: De YW sacs 1B: 9818 wot meget font stow mits Stodds tise a aN % liad Wa vbig i font @ ‘at ee: % agro aa vite nod lon | . | — ba * > r.¢ a mmo i: s uot ait bed 1 deal we ag) oii no whiemot evonw> yen fignomea siodw anjloin ten 38 wih od tady’ eq rodwA, arf} cohuct tad Ao # qu 289 x9v9 of yas e& boog es 4 ogial ane — gs isdw ot i mid mo Brioqub vqnete L b'uos I ,borsvialus ylidgit ° i bliay bluow o9aiv oA oe to TOyMUp & to Inominqna od + 32 Te od b‘vow Jad? esq) yinweD MOY to fis 9 dtiods Plumbs, Apricots, &c. 18 is Ld Collinfon about Plumbs, Apricots, S¢ &F to prevent their Gumming. Col? Byrd HOPE you have received mine of November 18 relating to a vineyard, as you directed I carried it to M' Perry’s I come now to make good my promife therein, and to propofe fome methods to prevent the gumming of Plumbs, Nectarines, & Apricots which is a general complaint in moft of our Colo- nies, It is a great misfortune that you are deprived tafting thofe Fruits in their higheft perfection & is ver furprizing it fhould happen fo with you for I always imagin’d your climate much happier than ours, in perfecting delicate Fruit, being nearer the latitude of their Original Countrys, I’m at a lofs how to prevent this Accident & has taken me up a pretty deal of thought about it & perhaps to hittle purpofe, But if I may prefume to give you my conjecture on the caufe of it, I apprehend it to be this, In the Summer Months when thefe fruits are drawing to ripenefs, the weather with you proves exceflive hot & clofe which both enlarges the Veflells & thins the Juices, which occafion too quick a difcharge, In this State the Tree perfpires fafter than fupplies can be collected from the Root, the Fruit is in a manner left deftitute grows fhriveled, Tough & infipid, the little fupplies that are afforded are the very vitals of the Tree, The Texture of the Veflels being broke by the too great Extenfion the Juices fpend on the Surface of the Fruit which being coagulated by the heat of the Sun, acquire the confiftence of Gum Whether this is a reafonable conjefure I muft leave to your penetrating Judgement to determine but the Effects are plain My next confideration is how to prevent them. 1* I apprehend to graft or Bud Plumbs, NeCtarines, & Apri- Aa? " aa o sainaten A Br sade) ae ot 1 ayn *M, 083i bors T hefionib uoY as ¢b: sloqoiq of bas niowsld. dimorg en hoog. oder, o won m0 aniihoMt zdeoult Yo gnimensg oly save ot ebodsaan } ola’) a0. te Nore tai saialgmao Meaney & ei doistw 210 if aniltes | V4 1q9) IM. LOY aria. SLLIIC behets 197g ,~s a. al. r, noiwitgul tov 2b moifagiiog. | { siodd. ai aia, Doi 2 oreenil>, wdy rie sini ayswis I ici sioy dive ob moqgqad blue on nied intd sigailab geifhsineg mi .21N0 nada soiggnd dow lia , i PCaaUD. > lantgixOv ried? to sbusisel 2 on cones and ‘BD mobiaaA aia tnavor 7 co) wod aol «4 ae Se dae Slocpue oft ot” agsdiag, # di suods 1fyuodt to lech wing age £3 stun ond no 22402 ¥OT HOY aviy GJ esniila1q vain I au oily shee 5 wine ody at ziti od of ti basdoaqas T gito aovory Hoy. cuive todsnow ont goneqin of gaiwerb oie, es aris enids ¥ alloita¥ wd 2 sogialas thied doidw stol> vA dod ov iltaaxs oiere 2idtnl . eyt sibs: a Hoiup.o 01 noikegeo. doide asoiul da ott mon bofolles od hae asilggu) cul yoda, aaiiqhieg Ce oda . “> : iyviidl aworg, stusifteb fel vonusm 8. ni 2h sia oda soo iy Pua yr: v oft 916; bobrofe,o1s sada eoilqaa) olzail, odd biqitni % dguoT ciate gniod elshoV ot to ounxeT fT, on, ort, Yo al igtiv to conte ons mo baoqt eagiu| odz aoitaaxd sng, 003 9 ol day S11UpOE ¢ awe. ait 40 nad, a vd bosshugsos pniod doidw v3 of ~ fede Yo. 900 2 Ada aha say O1 ovesl Ph I pee oldeactann., & 2 eis pike. 16 29h adi aud oninrwmiob ot) snomagbyl, ge 2 nods Ingvony 0} wor ea cnoitsrabila . “gh % aaicate het} ie ge usia 3 fiisig 9 186 ; Mifcellaneous Papers. cots on peach ftocks may be a pretty likely means to prevent this difafter ‘ For it being a very free ftock conveys & collects its Juices very plentifully for the fupport of its Fruit. It is not to be doubted but all the three kinds will take on it, being all Stone Fruit & frequently grafted on one another 2 It may be with good Succefs to raife thefe kinds from their own Kernals perhaps they may thrive better from their own Original Stocks than by being budded or grafted on others 3 I wou’d advife to plant all thefe kinds on the Brinks or Sides of conftant running Brooks that they may never want a Supply of moifture in dry weather which may be a means always to keep their Veflels full which will keep the Frnit Plump & fo in a fair way to come to maturity 4 I wou’d propofe fome method to check or abate the force of the Sun’s Aion on the Body of the Tree during the Fruits ripening which may be done by tying green Mofs very thick round the Stem of the Tree on the South fide from the Top to the Bottom & by laying a Quantity of it or wet Straw on the Surface to abate the Sun’s Action on the Roots, poflibly by keeping the Veflels cool may prevent too great a Secretion & keep the Juices from being exhaufted. 5 It may be of good Service to prune clofe all old Trees which have been fpent by Length of time & great Bearing. This will give a check to the Sap & invigorate the Wree, & from their new Wood you may expect good Fruit for 3 or 4 Years & when fpent Lop them again. Very poflibly from thefe imperfect Hints your Sagacity may colle& fome method to correct the Imperfection In thefe Fruits, If I am fo happy as to be any ways affiftant in this affair, it will be a Singular plea- fure to your fincere Friend P CoLLINson I have confulted further relating to the Vineyard & it is a wala Ale arid ob 10, wo * 7 | adel oma inh isda a zbatd ators dierenatesoue boog diiw'sd aioe — nwo siad? mot, astted ovintlt yam yods eqedisq’ deca A” viatso ao boiteg 10 babbird gniod yd nady ealoose tenighO? 10 2aand odd. ao eberiky Shad lis tnaly of Mivbs ‘bow Tt om 8 Inswweven yser you: socks adoorfl srianwt trsfines Yo 2bie* os ont s od yee doldyeasdtcow ib ai outtion Io! yiqqua ‘an ods qd iw doidwe flwi zlohoV sisd: quod of eyewle (UNUISKAOR SOD OF yaw Tis w Hi GLB qeoul® . * andi ail setadis dp alana 03 bodiom ome) Roqoiq b'vow 1 » . aiutl od? gaiwub soil st to ybodl dt nopnoiBA/e'nué Se . Avid? yay doM, moog gniga.yd onob sd yaar’ doidw' gninsqia” 0) qo) oda moth obit med edi no. o51'T odd Yo n0st2 Sd bawot” “f od no wie’ Jew Ie tb to WirnswO rs gaigel yd mono ord “* id yidihtog 2i00A oft me imeddA 2‘iwe! ony sted oF s a g nOIII13aG & Ieo1g Oot. Iaavorg yem loo! ads V ‘or ‘gniqasd sboftwedxe naind avid asvivt ot qoot | 2001'T hilo te ial onartq/ od 22ivee boog to. od yee aT aa ‘grinokk sory 8 sinin to, igaasl qd srg mead: oved date A .sarT ods atetogivai’ sB.qe@-ods 02 dodo ae ovig Uiw eid T » 10.8 tot tiv boog Bogaaerse Woy aee'sAatalin molt moit yidihog yivV) \wlegs: mods qod tao nodw Bo ame a) bodise smd Bolloo yrm yionyad woy eal Sehaqmi ads es yoget cts LE | atid dteds al, ‘neiRshoqal > -£9lq ualugda nod maid a maw etl muerte nn shor woeMtwsod, FL pues Se Pigs of pale A an ns 4 & 2 tiv Sori bi o ame sod bos ved oe - a % he 3 ea ne. e es ee Receipts for Clary and Cherry Wines. 187 general Opinion You muft fet the Vines fo clofe as to cover the Ground when their leaves are extended in the Summer Mr?! Orway’s REcErpTs FoR CLtary & CHERRY WINEs. To make Clary Wine. 7SAKE 25 Quarts of Spring Water, 25 Pounds of Raiffins ‘AL of the Sun, pick’d & Shred let the water boil half an hour & when it is luke warm, pour it on the raifins with a peck of Clary-when in Flower fhred, before it is quite cold fet it a working with fome ale-yeft, let it ftand 8 or g days clofe covered with a Blanket, ftir it once a day then ftrain it off, & put it up in a fmall Veflel, let it ftand g or ten weeks then you may Bottle it off, you may make what Quantity you will by this Receipt it will be very good & keep long. To make Cherry Wine. ope the beft Englifh Cherrys when they are full ripe, } pick them from the Stalks, them mafh them all in an open ‘Tub. take out a Quarter of the Stones, run the Liquor out of them thro’ a hair bage into a Tubb, then break the Stones you have taken out in a great Mortar, & put them to the ftrain’d Liquor, lay a ftick acrofs, cover it clofe, fo let it ftand 3 days ftirring it every day, then prefs it out & put it into a Veflel, & let it ftand a week, then draw off from the Lees and put it up again, put to every Gallon a pound & half of the beft 64 Sugar, & let it ftand till it is very fine then bottle it off, if there is too much Lee you muft draw it off a Second time from one Veflel to another before it is bottled, if you knew how much your Tub holds it is beft to put your Sugar in for fo it mixes beft, If you add to every twelve I'welve Gallons eight or ten pounds of black Cherrys it makes the Wine better. ll re, tthemiaed a ~ saifitast Yo shaved 28 AMY going? Io att ze GAAP ns Usd Tiod, s91ew sdf, pt bord? & bosiq: we st Yo ; tooq « tiw enitig: oag no tt Ywoq wmrew sdul'e soaadaae - : ; n tt 39 blos salup am eited bolt wel ni nodve. yulD Yo —_ horsvoo Stola yeh 0 108 baie iro! Mowelaoradl dtiw gaow = qu ti auq 3 Aho 1 nie ides yah & sono yi Tif soda a sitiw yer voy modi eloow Mente © braft th inl oho V tant e ai | sit yd lliw voy ysiaeQ) Yaw odem ysmrnoy Ho, ai, sto, one got qood & booy — pa iw ii sqinaat Os a me ae: “a wi i re Pr} RS adorn ait : aE coqis at -oum.yods seadvy ayniad hilgad fod ods a i. na ni is soods Asoo tmods yelled ory fon mod? aig. | 7 iowpit od? mui.,zgano% 3di to vic & quo. ods: Jot | aa Asod asd: dw Te, omi. gond tisid 6 ‘outs mod) : oi? 02 mad auq 2.180 191g, & ni 30 nods ovat g basét 11 291 ot stolo at wvo7 glows Aaift s al aa ao ie V 5 omic ug a. 10, ai 2lo2q orl yeh YBN? di ge ait | eyst ti tug bas eat oda mou ‘fo werd ads a ow & busft si to ‘9 Nod odt to Yad B batog x polled yove | pipet ti Bo ti slated edt. oni yoy iii it Mia be - ono moi Satis,’ bnovge 6 Ro 3} wath, urn | ‘downs wed wand uoy ti dolrod au. ‘ Wat - Stod-eootim 31 Ol 10} ni tegue au]y 109 o8 Er Et : ; "neni 40 tag enolle®) aylow'T sylowa eev9 © apniod. oa, odd. mien he 7 x 188 Mifcellaneous Papers. Mrs Shuts Receipt for making Birch Wine. ie your Birch Trees a running the beginning of March, when you have got your Quantity of Liquor, meafure it & fet it to boil a little, & Scum it, then put to every Gallon of Liquor Two pounds & a quarter of the beft Lifborn Sugar, Let it Boil half an hour, Scum it clean, then take it off the fire & put it to cool, When it is fettled pour it off from the Dregs, put it together with Barm as you do Ale, when you think it cool enough; Let it work three or four days, then put it into the Veffel, and ftop it up clofe keep it cool, & Bottle it the October following. wig Blackiftons Receipt for making Elder Wine. SNAKE fix Gallons of Water: fix pounds of Raifins of the Sun, ftoned & cut, ten pound of white Powder Sugar, boil them altogether an hour, then take the flowers of Elder when they are full blown and ready to fall off rubb off Slightly the Quantity of a Quarter of a Peck, & put them in when the Liquor is almoft cold, a day after take about a Quarter of the Liquor and beat into it fix fpoonfulls of the Sirrupp of Lem- mons, two days after put it into a Veflel which will juft hold it, at Six Months End Bottle it off, if fine. Ducheffe of Lorreign’s Receipt for making Soupe. POUILLON Sec ou portatif tres Commode et Utile fur- Chapons ou Cogs, Concafles en les Os fans endommager la Chair; huit Livres de Boeufmaigre, de L’Efchine ou dunautre bier ai mrmec, et en Voyage. Prenez deux vieux bonendroit, avec un Os de Moelle, et undemy pied de veau, - rT} oi stuns coupi » to nollse) yieve of Wg aod? ff amu cmgue arodtit Sisd ov Yo wo" up a ola “Ho at solar noddd etteol> tt (mire, I odt mot ‘Ro 1 Wo balsat a ii 131 vy VOY nsilve lA ob uoy 28 n 2 his ay neil avn nit 1 » oo us vr ; ; , foanae ay , os, ui w@). Pet Wei oly aa Sih pian aaa enfant on & ae oi Yo eniliat to abauog xa : saa WF Yo enollae xt coF J cisgué robwo ovitw to baweq mer aus & bonoft nue | oe wbIX Yo zowoh ods aster rod? gaaod ns vodeggoals, tfiod — yladgit2 Ro ddint Ro Lat ar xbsorbas nwold fd ois Lamon oft nodw ai mods sug & doo & Jo wnsuQie Yo % on? to veneuQ & juods oe voile by a vee = ma. to ae, addy to, alle | es, evened. yridioes ree”, % ~ ; a - | “aii, olisU...23 obormune.. Deena 19 Receipt for making Soup. 189 mettez le tout enfemble dans un pot de terre bien verniffe, mettez y de L’Hau fuffifamment, faites lecuire aupres du feu, ecumez le bien, afoutez y une piece de Gingembre, vingt Grains de poivre, Fruit Cloux de Girofile ;e trois grandes pcices de fleur de mufcade, deuxfeuilles de Laurier, continuez a le cuire a petit feu, fans famme, pendant huit ou dix heures otez en petit a petit toute lagraiffe, paflez le bouillon par uneferviette, et preflez en le Jus de la Viande le mieux que vous pouriez, faites repofer ceque vous avez pafle pendant la Nuit, otez en le lendemain La Graifle, quiferafigee fur le bouillon, mettez le dit Bouillon dans un petit pot de Terre bien vernifle, faites le cuire fur un petit feu, jufquace quil (epaiflifle comme un Syrop, coulez de alors dans des plats de Fayence, mettez ces plats fur du Sable Chaud, pour le Secher doucement: pendant trois ou quartre Jours, le Sable ne doit pas etre trop chaud, car aulieu de Secher il diffoudroit la matiere, quand Phumidite enfera evaporee d’une borine partie, et que la matiere commencera a f’epaiffir comme la colle, vous le coupere’s en dix ou douze paftiles, remettez les Paftiles dans des Plats de Fayence, & en les tournant d’un jour a Pautre, vous les feux entierement fecher et conferver pour L’Ufage En cas que vous vouliez avoir une bonne Soupe ou bouillon, prenez de L’Eau autant quil vous en faut, mettez y du pain, et un peu de Sel, faites le mitoner fur un rechaud, et faites y diffoudre une de vos paftiles, en la remuant avec une Cailliere d’Argent, vous aurez une bonne Soupe ou bouillon pour votre Ufage. | Il y a feulement a remarquer, queguand ces Bouillons doivent fervir pour des Malades, ou des Bleflez, que la Doze des Epices doit etre diminuée dans la Compofitior, fuivant L’Avis des Medecins. © s olisney avid ont ob ons a sa sda v9} ub aoe singel 9 pers ei lioq & otiuo'sl « woundade Mehmed sb eallinstx 1iioq & Jidoq no Solo zomd eitiien sasbaod ¢ no xslicig J® Stisivisiony ‘iq ‘nollivod of’ ros Posy a etoinioeg euoy Sup xussicd of sintnobeel of a9 woe jiu * Meany: aM satethed nollivotl ‘sib al sateen coool ine oc 2 wag ps anh ius ol eozist Mina tht etio'T ob oq Yitsq. ea . ob asluod .qore nis onttao> SNiMiags} Hop sos Shull ost thteq z | oldad ub vil e1aly 299 wodasett aaa ob aialq eb ansh ziols o1eup vo @ox Ingbned :iaemowob r9do02 of wiog .buadD | | yodoe2 ob uilgamad burda: qo ant ang Job on side2 of zu, am 7 snub s910gEy> sidtas stibierud | basup ,oisitern ‘sl tiothyoRie ae Sii¢t02 uilliage"? g soon I MITIOD orsijem al Sup » ainiq 7 291 SITE m1 aolidtag asvob yo xib no 2 “919qu09 ol euov au al wo w'b Inenivod 20! a 4 Poanysl ob etal asb ects esfiftel OY v1 9 yoelom ingangtsisis xu aot euov “ots is Uo ‘aque snnod shu aiove ‘Spllioy a0 up 6), at oysl ub ¥ Solidh Quslng eunmy linp dats ved 2 3 | eavint 39 ,byarloor ta ail romosien of eotidl cle of aq iu si9ilicD on 2a¥K ‘JORUNO si, ny eeatifiag & gov ob oat | DUOTID siio¥ woq nollivod wo oquol omen me SY wh wi fl é ae = iiovioh anollivod gap dielie, apiamst fd 220iq3 esh oso al sup ,sololt zob. uo , ezabal 2ob aivA'T insvint has ad bed ‘nt ° “4 ey ae fe i HR Ai i, sa Ra ae: a a anes o Ps cat Wiss : | 190 _ Mifcellaneous Papers. The Method ufed in Cornwall in making Earthen Floors for Malt Houfes. AKE Lime Afhes, (or the Courfe Part of Lime) and about % part as much great Sand (or Fine Gravel) make them with Water into the Thicknefs of mortar or a little thinner Break up the Ground & lay on the Mixture evenly, about 3 Inches thick and as it dries if any Cracks appear, beat it with a Beetle as often as you fee Occafion, till it is hard. The Lime prevents the Flower from growing damp, in wet weather, and it will laft for many Years, but more, or lefs according as ’tis made ufe of Lo cure Majletoe of the Oak. “\SHE beft time is in the Months of December and Janu- ary, the harder the weather is, the finer is the Mifletoe & full of white Berries, you muft gather the Small Twiggs not bigger than the fmall end of a Tobacco Pipe, which when done you muft pull off all the White Berrys by reafon they will not dry fo well, when you have fo done, put the Small Twiggs & Leaves all together over a Baker’s Oven, or in fome hot Kitchen, but not near the Fire, & when quite dry, you may put it in a box with fome whited Brown Paper, & likewife the Ber- ries by themfelves when thorow dry, about 15 or 20 Pounds Weight is enough M! CaresBy’s RECEIPT TO PICKLE STURGEON & MAKE CAVIER, To pickle Sturgeon. y ET the Sth when taken cool on the ground 24, 36 or 48 iS Hours as the Weather will permit, then cut it in pieces, & throw it into clean Water, fhifting the Water feveral times, epett mh a _ A we (anwid 10 sith A stam (loves) oni%l 10). bng@ 4 du08 ronnid? slail.s 10 enor teT ads andi W thai ¢ twods gylvo ve supadlvh ir sac a ee a-cliiw ti tedd moqqe alom ogame 1 omit ofT based ai 911d eg ti bas sltsow tow uti sutith gaiveorg mowt rawol'h peters . it as. rr diol 1 bencnney nee ae Ast fiw , 0, Sw sham , ro ate stent ne j 2 a | Aad slo 8, aia oe : ~1018 | bas radere99C1 Yo adiaol 4 ods ni a omnis Per, ge sovshiM. ods ei 1A ons ra radigow ad obiad aoe aa . re ton eygiw T Hamed, ol} voreg flum BOY eine otidw 1 ilut sroly arth w noidw gt owondo'T & te bro Uscrid ods ae wil. eee % zggiw ce (ern ‘ae fen bee ob a oved voy nod “ow jod smol ni 10 .n9vO a‘odadl & 19v0. 796 st fle 29) | rg. yer woe pb oti node s oud oc? te2n.200 dud asda io adi stiwadil 2 de awortl basichw aac di x nd J nit roa. © 84 10 oe ob bauer onl an, Joon vi Boge ok 2999iq ui i avo mods siemog Hive apes ay wii 2am lewval 1938 WW op grit x . To make Caviar. 1gl whilft it is foaking wafh and brufh it with hard Brufhes til it be very clean, which it will be in two or three Hours, And then you may tie it up with Bafs and Boyl it; Put in Somewhat more Salt than in boiling other Fifh, Skim it well and boil it very foftly, til it be tender, an hour, or an hour and a half or 2 hours according to the Age of the Fifh And then let it cool very well, And put it into pickle, The Pickle muft be made of Beer Vinegar $3" & 2 of the Broth it was boiled in mixed together & falt the Pickle very well with unbeat Salt fomewhat more than will make a frefh Ege fwim, put the Fifh in the Kettle when the water is cold and the Fat muft be taken of very well To make Caviar. S foon as the Sturgeon is catch’t rip up the Belly & take out the Row, and cut it as near as you can Flake by Flake as under, And Salt it with good Spanifh Salt extraordi- nary Sharp putting it into a Bafket, & there let it lye at leaft Six Weeks, & then take it out and wafh off the Salt well then lay it on Boards in the Sun fo thin as that it may foon dry on both Sides, It muft be turn’d but care muft be taken that it be not too hard dryed but that you may pack it clofe, And as you pack it take out all the thick Skins, in which you muft be very nice. And when ’tis pack’t very clofe You muft then take fome heavy Weights and lay upon it that it may be prefled very hard, then it will be as clofe as a Cheefe to keep for ufe yn a Se rol ° aa od vi lis endhuatl nods bal an a jndwomode ai ju 30 si Hod! brie How'sh’ tty Ml yale lied a | eG £10 Ved & bis sod alld Atiod ma jvshetot Sd HE BLS t. loos ti 431 nod: ‘ba AND SHH Yo og A pratt ee | sham od Rum stdsit of TP Ysbloiq om st suq ba dlow yey oi a boximn ai boliod dew nthe sy Yo § BD ©$ seysniV 19840 vetlwsme) sis2 Inodiy daiw tow yiov sldort ony ofa & srkzego9 off ct DD ord tg titi yg Mott « sadam {liv mdr oom Fo nodes od Punt 108 adsl bloo 2i | nodw slit Al law qv al Bald Sina Aisin oT BM ga oo ‘oust B ylledl -4a3 qu qi tdorsd ai nosgmid: ods ‘en noe 8°, ras sinld ned woy 2h TRoe as at tio bre wot odd duo -ibrosiixs ee Minngye Loog tliiw HW ise bal bau eer an x2 Seal ae ayl Ji gal onathy ‘8 aon & cnt ‘i gainuq quid? eee qui agit How ted orf. Tet bei i io Ht ged rol Y los “Mod mo vith Moor yard 4 ee 28 nics oO} nee 9f9 ni. ebnsofl no's rou Of th tart? Mader od flutt 9%6> awd bed od Ruseeh a 2sbia oy 26 baA. Sols ai dag year BOY set aod boyrb bred oas , | ey ad Nun wor doidw ai aide aoidy’ sev lie’ wo sats12i donq as odet nsdi Due voY shoky yey iazeq aia" asdw boA .9di ¥- yiov balteiq od yer 4i sed 4i nogu ysl baz eritgio WT \ ; a wh ahs el ieee ee a?) on. pas 4 F's) ital wg wh ay | ait wid, +2 ; Vit elt ea Baek: i 1g2 Mifcellaneous Papers. Lhe Addrefs of the Houfe of Burgeffes for making War upon the Tufkarora Indians ; To the Hon?*® Alexander Spotfwood, her Majefty’s Liev' Governor of Virginia Wr E her Majefty’s moft loyal & dutifull Subjects the Bur- \ gefles met in Aflembly, been deeply fenfible of the horrid Murders, Barbarities, & Hoftilities lately committed upon her Majefty’s Subje@ts in North Carolina, by certain Indians of the Tufcarora Nation, & duly contidering. the Dangers which daily threaten the Inhabitants this Colony from that Nation humbly entreat your Honour, as well for the defence & Security of this Country, as for doing right to our injured Neighbours, that you will be pleafed to declare War againft thofe Tufkarora Indians their Adherents & Abetters, & to enter into fuch treatys & alliances with the Government of North Carolina, or any other Government as for that purpofe to your Honour fhall feem proper, And being fenfible that the Succefs of fuch under- takings, under the divine favours & Goodnefs, will in great meafure depend on Provifion to be made fuitable thereunto, & beg leave to aflure your Honour that we will exert ourfelves to the utmoft in giving fuch timely fupplys as fhall be fufiicient to enable your honour effectually to perform, & make good your Treaties & Alliances, as alfo to profecute & finifh the faid War to the Honour of her Majefty, & the fafety & wellfare of her Subjects, and if your Honour fhall think fit to denounce War | we pray you will be pleafed to lay before Us an Eftimate of the Charge of carrying on that Service for 6 months that thereby we may convert proper Meatures for raifing a Fund fufficient to Anfwer the intended defign, ‘voi shia 24 Soa inh ot 2 CBee 7 ping YoromaVeD =i a yiviwl zoitidAeH B jecvinedieG rise Yo 2nsibal nistwo yd scion: dno ni eRojdud e'ydtoja Mh ted dodw exsgreG ody gahabiaes Yub 2 noe AmorteT off neieA jadi enott yaoloD gidt emantidedal od? nadesidaiiyhiab vr. 2 sonstob od2 1ot Tow es pwonoH wor yes deneel awoddgio borin 10 od ddan | guiob, vob 28 ‘ene aids Yo nioietiv TD sods Daigge a orgineb oo bolaolq od Iti wey. sent eyieot cout omni roms ot a evoaned A % einsvdbA’ vind en | 1 Ys 16 ees trio Yo Fepmirsvoo) ody div ig tees “1: a dosh 7 dsodu2 odt ‘md aldiins) gaisd bad wso1g i iw @onboo # tuoval onivib ody baw B omysied) sderivd ghaat 3d of nottivert ao basqeb suubnoge 03 zavistime rai. fiw oe bead nono iMOY ruille of ovsol a 3 ; o) mips od Medk an agg ylomis dout gaivig 1 ai Rocmiiy 2 mt 1woy boog sdsm % smoling of ‘(llsuRohe woriod Woy > fon: iW bid oft dhind o saupstorq o? Olle e6 29208 2 asisesrT od Yo owsillow % yssta ody Q -yflojaM tod Yo tomo sai wv nampa o} ot Amide Medt wonoHl Woy cf os 2h: ( | T he Govedhif to the Houfe of Burgeffes. 193 Lhe Governor’s Anfwer to the Addrefs of the Houfe of Burgeffes + for making Warr againft the Tufcarora Indians. M' Speaker, And Gentlemen of the Houfe of Burgeffes i AM very glad that in this extraordinary conjun@ture, I have the Opportunity of conferring with the Reprefentatives of ‘the People, whofe difpofition I wou’d ever confult in the making of Peace or War, In either Cafe, I fhall conftantly endeavour to give you proofs that J have nothing more at heart than to ferve this Country. I heartily thank you for the affurance you give me of fuffi- cient & timely fupplies, if there be no other means left, to right our injur’d Neighbours & fecurity of ourfelves but by Warr, I fhall foon lay before you the moit frugal eftimate of the Charge thereof, that [ am capable of making The Governor's Second Speech to the Houfe of Burgeffes. Mt Speaker And Gent. of the Houfe of Burgefles, OME late Intelligence of the wicked defign of the Hea- GS then, makes me the more earneft to pafs this Law for the Rangers, be defirous to fecure the Country as much as in me lies, & not to let it fuffer for any juft refentment I might have, to fee no meafures muft be render’d effectual but fuch as have their firft rife from your Houfe, It is now near two months fince this Seffion began, & hitherto has your Houfe prepared fcarce three Bills fit for me to pafs, Nor do I yet find that you offer to anfwer one Single Paragraph of thofe matters I recommended to you in my Speech, befides I can’t but take take notice of your Silence to my written Mef- Bb? eQI ~—r | pies e eiiott of) Yo instinct oval 1 sw Paujaos yndibiomixs ads wi iret si Io eovitmadioge A ott die gaetsinos to | gnitern: od? ni aivinoo 1999) vow I neilodgit: todw 2 oT | thovesbits vbiasfiro> tach TO rodsio al ae WW) 10 92891. 30 on tela tuned tm) onOMm anne ‘owed 1 sada door woy svig.o3 scuauod aidy owrat il Yo'am svig voy dei. ol rot voy Anad ylinsod T —adgit of fol ennomt ied3o Om od crocs Vi eoilqqut yonia 2 rep [ nW yd aud 2ovlshwo. Jo wings) 2 emoddgioMl bSujai wo ons al ®) oda to sismtifte ingen foo ors voy aipted ysl riod Thee 9) gon to okie oh sith: oh ngitah chile to pars. ac aM . ony rot wal sida alsq 03 Nennse g1om, od3 omy eodsm .nsiti ¢ om mi as down es wae odd ais o3 evoritab od 2195 ‘1G. coved adyim I snominstey Aaj yas rot 15a ey rol ot.300 : , over em dou) tud isufactia, Rehan, od Aum ¢ ‘ouileom ons , _onodiist ioe neileg aids sonit ste aos $e iat ting 03 9iT1 101 ir allidl, sox! coats) borsgeaq sluo SoH - Oy - dqaigesnl elgnic oro t9whing 03 iste | voy ‘sent baal scl ‘aobiled dloseq2 ym ni voy OF bobnoramo2o1 ‘Tete | AsM nga iw yin oF oaualld mean, Io soivom ait ode 194 Mifcellaneous Papers. fages, and even to fome of more than a T’welvemonth’s Date, which undecently appears upon your Journals, yet to be con- fidered, tho’ I’m fure no man that has obferved how you have _ {pent your Hours, will fay that you have wanted time for this purpofe; but I am more furprized at the incongruous proceed- ings of your Houfe, when after you have by a folemn Addrefs, and refolution,.aflured me of timely and Suffecient fupplies for carrying on a War, & making Treaties, you will offer no other Bills than one, which cannot be paff’d, for its unufual & extra- ordinary Nature, untill a Draught thereof be firft laid before her Majefty, and fhoud I venture to pafs it, yet it wou’d not raife one penny in time nor one third of what you yourfelves have judged barely requifite for the Expedition You have hitherto declined All Meafures, that might make your Militia ufefull, or put your Country in a reafonable pofture of Defence Your late proceedings upon the Bock of Claims, muft hinder every Body from aiding the State in its exigency, for after the treatment which fome Creditors are like to meet with in your Houfe, what man will difburfe one Shilling for the Publick, to be reimburft at your pleafures, or who will perform any fervice upon the faith of a Law, if Acts of Aflembly are to be ob- ferved according to the Humour of your Houfe, In fhort I am amazed at your proceedings fecing this is the prefent Situation of Affairs The Heathen are deftroying her Majefty’s Subjects & range- ing your Neighbourhood, frefh difcoveries encreafe my fufpicion of their bloody defigns on this Colony, Sword, Peftilence, Famine & difcord rages fo much in North Carolina, that neither a Council or an Aflembly can be found to take any meafures to prevent the intire defolation of that Province Your Militia will not be commanded out upon the Publick Service at their own Charges, nor can they fight without Arms & Ammunition. VT Goeth, es een 7 a Ret sniiain ok y oe] Pease wep om to 20 ore ba “noo od ay soy, yalamuol! r abn ovedt toy woul beviatdo and , eae aicdo adh’ seis, Bence “eae 20 ands ya lliw auiokl -boso01q evourgnooni okt a ering o10mr aabbA acarldt « yd oved “woy i 10) esilqaqud insisted bag ylom vedio on tpfto Liv voy esieonT gaidacn s peg ‘i 0.3 ~svixe & levlucw att 101 cb" flag od joanks doidw a0 and a rate bial flat od too1adds, dalguerCl 5 lives awe a oe ton, b'uow i Joy ii eq a ywIn2y 1 bwarll bas ri in eovishwoy voy adv to brid she ton 9mm ni ying, 2no = oved Box noitibsqxal ond i saiiupor viored bogbui, coved, aii woy sagar tigin ted? eowles WA bonifasb: on s7nsisC] io susitoq oftvantie’ 8 ni yA): WO Jug 10 | | vebaid Flsen acnieh> to Avot gdi mnogu 2 egulbassorg oral mo Y oil 1oite 1, yoragixs an fil 91612 ™<13 gnibis oon ybotl qa, OY ai dtiv Joom ot sail eat etolibsiD smo) doidw tnomiast Arildy. ody 104 yeild ono shudlib Lliw ns. tet luo S2iv 1 ¥ie srigiiag ‘th We orty TO ,2@91! Asoley WO 38 hodation od «do sd of m8) (lider A jo 2BA Yi wal « a Ariz, aly noqu : 1 sor. al ‘siuoll rey ae womull oda o} gnibro2K he a noitsuxe indlorg ony gi aude anion agiibooqoig wey se bonaiea | A, ~ogrisa db efdojdua 2 ‘Raja, rod gaiyoulteb Er aorlansH aT : noiziqhl yen Shaor9N2 evsixovoolih dion cbooduoddgia A wot ant sonslifisd biowd . eqnola vida, NO 5 angilab, Least riod. Yo idiion isda ,.xcilorsD dinoVi, oF dour, 3 eogan, ince a A onan L od eoulssm yan, sist 93 bawot od ng>: aldo LA on nue) B. . poniver'l tar Yo noirslclb nizni 9 pr 931g, doldud od3 nogu suo bobascaioa ad ‘Jon Wve sii, 9 > aA wodsiw idgt yada ene 20, aa tgp bc ne The Houfe of Burgeffes to the Governor. 195 And if you will not enable me to provide timely and effea- ually, for the Security of this Government, & for the recovery of the next, the confequence may be very fatal, but muft cer- tainly ly at your door To the Hon’* Alexander Spotfwood her Majefty’s Liev' Governor of. Virginia % M/E the Burgelles having with great ferioufnefs confidered Vv the fpeech delivered by your Honour to the Houfe the 19% Inftant, do render you our thanks for the Care & regard you are pleafed to exprefs, for the fafety of this Country, Yet cannot without deep concern refle&t on the refentment your Honour hath conceived at the proceédings of this Seflion, We beg leave to aflure your Honour no motives have prevailed with this Houfe, to prefer any Bill for your Affent, but hath proceeded from a juft regard of our bounden duty to our moft gracious Queen, and the welfare & Safety of her Subjects, and where the fecurity of the Country, and Interefts of the People, are fo much concerned, as neceflarily to require the raifing of Money, We with all fubmiflion take it to be the undoubted right of this Houfe, that Adts of this Nature, ought to have their foundation from us, We acknowledge that we have been affembled here Six Weeks, part of which time hath been taken up in preparing fuch Laws, & reprefentation of the greivances of the People, and as on due confideration we thought proper & convenient to be enacted and if the latter part of this Seflion hath been watted, in attending for Bills fent up by this Houte to their Honours of the Council for their concurrence, we hope it may be attributed to the effect of difagreeing, than of our want of duty to our Sovereign, or the People wereprefent; We have had under our confideration the providing of Fortifications for the better Secu- rity of this Colony recommended to us in your Honour’s Speech oe . O 2Qt ee) si its AN ate, baiok Bie iis ae a qraveget ods py o¥ee) elt Io -00 flua asd lest yay a yo conn We . J aaa rood m0 18 9 ay | ae «ee on ‘ 1 ‘yait ayfofall yor boca iabaekitll MokD ede oT - n ah) sinigiV Yo tomeveD © ae bowhiings dontivola rong dive gnived eNogwél oda 4 K. od s swol od? of wWOnae, moy yd bovovilsb tloooq) oft > a wiry Diego? 2 oe ody 10) valiantly Wo VOY ‘bax ob penfind “a janine wY yale) ask ‘Yo yas silt 168 dlo1qx9 OF botsalq ot qwonotl woy, inorder odd mo Fofisi misan02. qosb. swore yod avT- Hoilted: eins io fgnibsscong, ot ds bovinone> dyed Saal tia. be sfisy: 1G 9 ovat 2oyDort on +woteH” WOY owns’ ot svesl ° bobssadiq deed sud ans wey vot ie yaa setorg ot Such BUCH DET a fom wo oF yuh. mebauod tho Yo bisys fia s mon grow bas efojidue no to ysine % siétfow ody bas o ol sie olqgool ors To efiorosal ‘bas ‘THAN? of) Yo ‘inal ‘otk Panolh Yo-enilisa off orispsr 7 nsisoon zs -boat9ono> tion sid” 1o ight borduobau 9d9 9d of 11 oad noiftiendsd tte daiw SW colcbauct risilt oved of rdgue wis dj te 2BA isis Slee gil boldariis ased svar ow iads sghalwondon sw rd . yiiteqorq niqu acds) need disd omit doidw to vad edso xi calqoad oct Yo. esonaviorg odd to noismasioga: J. A, fuk oF tasiatoy eins. Wisqoiq ilguods ‘owe noiterbarios oub | © ; a bofisw nood died noite? eid? to req vonel ods Whae bo: : us y to ervonoll tod 07 ‘Sto edt we qu dash allie wi x gaibass ¥ bemdints 9d yan i aqod ow PONTTHIINOD, ried rol I Ave D wo oO} yiol Te shaw tm Be nad snissigith to 4 1wo vebtiu bart avers” 1 -u 308 oe ors 10) stoi £9 196 Mifcellaneous Papers. at the Opening of this Seflion, and in regard of the duty given already for that purpofe, and humbly conceiving fuch works are not of great ufe to this Country, but more efpecially confidering the extraordinary expenfe of the Publick at this time did not think it proper to make any refolutions therein, We likewife have confidered the propofals made by your Honour, for fitting a place for careening Ships, and for the reafons laft mentioned are of Opinion the fame can’t be well effected, at this time, We have not been unmindfull of the State of the Clergy recommended unto us by your Honour, and are humbly of Opinion that the Laws now in being have made fufficient pro- vifion for the maintainance of the Gentlemen of that Profeffion. In purfuance of the recommendation of your Honour’s fpeech, we have provided a Bill for Erecting a publick Goal, for Debtors to be committed to by the General Court, to which the Council have agreed It was by the reprefentation of the State of Affairs in North Carolina laid before this Houfe by your Honours to gether with the Sence we had of the Dangers approaching this Colony, from the Indian Enemy, that we were induced to ad- drefs ourfelves to your Hon‘ to proclaim War & to come to a refolution of afluring you, of timely & fufficient fupplies to carry on the fame & to make treaties, & we humbly conceive by the way propofed, by the Bill for granting to her Majefty certain Duties, we have provided fufficient means for enabling your Hont to effect the fame, and if that Bill be of fuch an extraor- dinary Nature, that we can’t obtain your Hon”s Approbation, we muit acquiefce under that misfortune, The affairs of the Militia is what the Houfe always efteem’d of the greateft Im- - portance, & was ever defirous of concerting meafures with your Hon' proper to render them more ufefull, but confidering the emergent Occafions for raifing of moncy at this time for carrying on the War againft the Indians, & beleiving, by raifing an Army for that Service, fome of the Terms propofed by regulating the ney ange Yo basgos org edteye tout gaivi 02, nwe equ gairebilaoa, ylisioagio sores, Jud .y71 ) atta oF She soa bib omit ated a6 ‘pl ody 0 Sinoqua yasnibron xg), Siwsdil oW7 .wisreds enoltuldier yne oem 02 roqorq wd gil rot pwonchl moy ye sbom alslogorq- ody b rebilixo: bsnoisnord Nef andtavt Sdt tet brs -eqide gained ois eid? 6 ,befioie law od sno omal ‘oft grat’ oft Yo omm@ odt Yo Mvibaimaw aged | son to yldenud ous bas cmonolh toy yd au ormiy” f | “og mnainital sham ovat prise aiwor wad ody 1st noiniq@ noilislorl snd? Yo nomalsave) ade Yo o>rsaigimisen d9 to) done dose e“nocoH suoy Ie: dibitabnsm 0351 oft to sonaihug al : erosde 10t lao) drildeg a gaiBeil wh IN abebiver, oved Sw. lisiwod odd doidw.or need bivons ods yd of boitieimos ad at : eistA Yo o3at2 si7 to nobaradisigs ods ed enw tf boorye svell - or ewonoH woy yd olell adr sited “bist: sailors) dro af zila gnidonoiggs erogaetl sly to bad ow somed od? duiw yodteg -bs ot hooubni svow switieds pyaotond msibal ore mon yyneleD s o} sinea ot Be We inking of “nol moy oF aol: ‘Dorb - “grtR) of asilqqub insto Rit’ ylornis to woe gubntts to. aoiulelet | — oda yd ovisonon gidmud s.% 2oissoi salamooy D sat, oe ‘fo 4 nisheo Weis 19d--o9-gtinnmg x0) ith odtoyd Bogen moygnilduts 10} eneorm nioiiel bobiver, oved ow eohud ose ns dovt Ioved tl sade Vt bare und ond sis of "aol | noltedorqq A. “nol -wox egabie: yinsot ow taeda onus! yeni oft Yo eticts odT onunotaim aedd vebns sttoiupos fomnow - -ml ftorsorg sl to b'msfie eyswls sisoH ody ssthweel isl © woy diiw euieser gnitweones to euorityb 19v9 enw, a 23% oda ynirebilaos sud jllvigle)stom erode vobas or 1M naiyind vol semis edt 38 qoaomt to gaition 108 enoike 990 yanA as gailies yd gnivisled & ensibal adr tri 9 i ala guissluges ¥ — — im mp 9911 P » The Houfe of Burgeffes to the Governor. 197 Militia Forces wou’d be anfwered, we did judge it more proper to wait the event of that War, before we entered upon the regulation in which we think it proper to confider of a method for providing Arms & Ammunition for the poorer fort of people, and of the matter relating to the Quakers; [The Method this Houfe hath taken for examining the demands of publick Credit- ors is Grounded upon the Law which entitles Creditors to their Claims, & Agreeable to the Rules our predeceffors the Bur- gefles have conftantly gone by, ‘This Houfe is of Opinion, fuch claims hath not been without the intent & direétion of that Law, & fuch claimants can’t with reafon reflect on the Juftice of this Houfe. for not allowing a demand not warranted by Law. We have confidered the propofitions projeéted by your Honour for the Affiftance of the College in maintaining the Indian Hoftages, but did defer taking any refolution thereupon, till we cou’d fee the fuccefs of the Duty Bill with the Council upon which that matter did in fomefort depend. We have declined coming to any refolution upon the meflage fent to this Houfe by your Hon’ the 27" of Nov, 1710 relating to the dividing of Counties & Parifhes, becaufe we would en- deavour to avoid all Controverfies with the Royal prerogative, altho’ that Power hath been always exercif’d by the Legiflative Authority The fettlement of the Poft Office in this Colony, recommended to us in the meflage from your Hon’ at our Jaft Seffion, we think it fufficiently eftablifh’t by an Act of Parlia- ment of Great Britain, 7 May it pleafe your Hont Nothing lefs than the deplorable State of our Fellow Subjects of North Carolina join’d with the juft apprehenfions of the dangers hanging over our heads, from the common Enemy could ever have prevail’d with this Houfe to have made a refo- lution to raife 20000£ at a time when our Staple Commodity will hardly afford neceflaries for the fupport of the People, & ed) noqe bowins ows fod bottom 2 Io wbitnop ta . dlqood Yo ret 191 Ai yor aitly bolts oT" tibsrD ssilduq 6 uae peters nors risds 09 exriharD eolsinas Woidwe wal oda noqu ull os eéltssoborg wae kele ST orf 02 oldasorgA B aoinigO Yo ei Suet 2ifT yd omog ybinedlines ved 3 rerlt Yo noifaonib a tnoaei ould twodiiw ted ton sdieeaaban scifi] oft no Boke iden thiw snsy tonsil Hom w Gwinl yd bosasnew jon basal paiwete ton tt Sho’ dds Yo | 1oy yd hofsjorq snoiiedqor, alt borsbhitnes aval sW” Wed ) . ody gainianicm ai ogellaD ava Yo sore iA: sit x6! tuonoH noqiuads ‘acituldior yin ‘gaiaies isteb bib Sud” 2xgeoHt hneiball ~ HonwoO) ods caiw Hi yw vidi to Atsooit Sdx oS} Tuas’ besdeb ttomel ai bib deat torks dsidw a . ogifscnn oft noqu motaled yas o oninidd bontlosb ba gnisaler ony 1 vo! Yo Mee oda ‘vol Gy Yo oH zid? oF task” -a9 bluow ow Shuined’ eominel 2 z9isroD Yo gaibivib, 2 fy | avisegorsta Inyo” ott dsiw bsittevondon the Mae" os WwoOvs | owiis higat ody yd biovexs ayouls nssd asd sowod sid ial ynoloD edt ni 9tO fol ot to tomas sfT ! yWirorlh. fiat wo t2°noH woy ‘mot’ 9gsfiom ort” ft eu 09 bsbasinmore “nilas‘l Yo BA ns “or Pieeitis Engi ‘tt Anithy wr cose ae - Pesci pe & phavite in OF r S)eshe'Si Ve j a 2 : 2 egy * ahs "7 - | id wa — ome of > soot uptenigig 4 doa iade ot Preise ae ‘die oe te an | + A yiibommmoD pepe ht 1d ete’ me re COOOS Sint 198 Mifcellaneous Papers. our prefent Funds have prov’d in a great meafure deficient, in purfuance of which refolution this Houfe did apply themfelyes with all Affiduity to find out ways to raife that Sum in fuch manner as might be moft agreeable to her Majefty & leatt. bur- denfome to her People, And when we had paft a Bill for levying that Money & provided a competent Sum might be borrowed upon Jntereft for the more fpeedy carrying on that Service for which it was intended, & leaft the Funds on which the money propofed to be raifed, fhou’d prove deficient had engaged the Publick Faith of this Houfe to fupply what fhou’d be wanting of that Sum, & had pray’d her Majetty to accept thereof, & made humble Suit to your Hon' that the Bill might pafs, We did beleive, we had perform’d our Duty to our Queen, & the People we reprefent, & if any misfortune fhou’d befall this Country (which God avert) for want of that Succour which we defire to give, we are humbly of Opinion that it cannot juftly be laid to our Charge. A Propofal to the General Affembly by Mr Byrd. \ ’ J HEREAS the Clergy of this Colony have hitherto been paid their Salary in Tobacco, which falls abundantly Short of yielding the Value of 80£ @ Annum which the Law intended them & yet the Levy which raifes that Tobacco is very Burdenfome to the poor T'reeholders of this Dominion, it is therefore humbly propof’d that the faid Minifters be hereafter - paid in Current Moncey & that a further Duty of three Shillings be laid upon every Hhd, of Tobacco exported to defray that Charge for the following reafons Viz. 1 Becaufe the faid Duty of 3/ Hhd, will at leaft as eafy to the exporters as it is at prefent; For fuppofing, for example, a Planter have 3 Titheables who with himfelf make 4000! of good Tobacco one year with another which he puts into § ni waisitaby suai) 299 #9! Asheniads iaqe bib 2 | dout ai aud ied) stim, wa ft ard Sheol hy ftotei a old | | not (Hie the bed ow eed | od tnlginte enue: sasinanaeilllie if on nent rey no peiynad ybooq) stembeds xot fownl moqu boy doidw no ebtiu'l sda Deal Bi gbsbremi enw ti did ako bet yasioitsb svotq bio ¢balie: od 02 boleqory Laren’ b‘vork daw ylqqel os Shwe ey bo. cbain daildyt 3qs008) Oi yitajsM rod b"genty bad ob mud reds to. gaan adic | iigicn 1G) ods tee ‘no HD awe of tw sidmud obese d dooreds. ie . (i99nQ 10 oF yu io bide bad ow ,evislsd bib) OWE _ileg © a dod b'sod? saunglgim yagi tO sostage aw siqool, addy oy doidw wovoW@ tadi Jo Jamw WE dws bod: doidwy) yxiawoD aida | 7 sOcIR Di ducts rroinigg Or he — ois ow ,ovig 02 sailed Hl, | ea) Yo St ee ea Ane. Bh yd Adie | ida st ey etEN noad exiodsid avid + qnolos 2 aids Yo yyrelD 9 o¢dx ehaAdH yiashauda ella doidw ,eagadoT ai qaslae tints bieg wel sda doidw onan Fy 2.08 ‘Yo sula¥ ody gnibloiy lo | viov ei onasdoT ted) eatin doidw youl ond. 194 a b mods, b be ain +i 4} gnoiaimod zida Yo erbledsesl 100g 243 o Ds) inobaut a : roiesied od etodtini Mi bist ods nds bYoqoiq ida mud 2 zoaillida sords to yw eden s sada B yono ll, sr i u iat) yeah of benogxe . eaasdoT Yo bd. yi9v9 nogu b —gi'T eoolsan gaiwollet adr 3 o} ¥iso. es Das a Hiw ¢ od P\e to yu, bist caper aot &. SiqmneKs 10, Brilogqul 104... j iasiong 28 fi tie snog to “ooo, sdom Uolenid sbaiw, -odw d | ti, ont Ot od lami! worn iy oie (Mico fl Pe 4d Ane Dwi le ek ee Pee ere evs The Council to the Governor. 199 Hhds, and thofe will pay 15/to this additional Duty: & fup- pofing that now for himfelf & 3 titheables, at 75 lbs of Tobacco @ Poll he pays 300" for the Parifh Levy; 1] leave any man to judge if it be not as eafy for him to pay 15fas 300" of To- bacco of his own Crop. 2 It will tetaly eafe the poorer fort of cibbealderss & others who dont export any Tobacco out of this Colony. 3 It will mend the price of our Tobacco in England, by leflening the Quantity of ‘Trafh which is now pack’t up, be- caufe tis thought good enough for the Parfon 4. It will create a great currency of Money in the Country, for then the Parfons will have Cafh to pay to the Carpenters, Smiths, or other Artifans or Labourers that work for them, & they again will lay it out with the Merchants by which means Cath & confequently trade will circulate very brifkly. § It will be a means of having able minifters come over for the prefent, & hereafter will encourage the Gentlemen of the Country to breed up their Sons at the Colledge in hopes of having a genteel provifion for them, whenever they become ht for it It will give the Clergy more leifure to Josie themfelves to the duty of their Fun¢tion, whereas now both their time & their thoughts are too much taken up in Collecting managing & Shipping their Tobacco & befides it will beget in the common People a great Love for their Minifters when they beleive them to be no charge or burden to them. May it pleafe y' Hon' S the conftant Civilities your Hon" has on all Occafions expref’t to the Council raifes in us a fuitable degree of Gratitude, fo the experience we have of your Juftice & Modera- eQr © RK -qih Bb: oiibh , eee zy Ha FORINT oO} Mart yan. oveal, I a ¥ I tinct | oT to Hoos, ex \gk eq os / zdlto 3 aublodent “y 2 pe .yaoloD aide Yo: 2u0 fe ah mqx m0 yd -buslgedl si ooand’ Pwre io siiq. ails base Miwa -od .qu 1losq won ab doistw tits:T, to yisneuQ. oda, ." nolan. ads vl rlguona boog sdgoods ais-shusa _etiavoD ods ai ‘youot Jor~@ariins Inoig’ 6 oes liv aL oy - (2191 Iq KD 9cl? O9 ysq a} Mis) oved {five enohisL of) mors .&..9d3 .1@) aAyow: sed; gamods,t io enminA tdi0 io ansom doid w yd einxtiors ods: diiw duo di yst Mirw ings ye .ybbiid yrow ataluatis Hiw obeu ysnoupaaos & 10l-t9v0 9moo eisdinim olds gaivad cry eunsimn god hiw alg od} to. nomoalinoe -olt ogeiwoons Liw apitsoud + in jo eoqod ni sybolloD omi, a antod isd? qu bond of ~ “St eaneoed ini bibs ahem 1h anativery foosneg a gived ’ ay vdi:a2 eovlotenads hae OF Suis! sot ygistO ‘od ovig tive By viods. a Seniis ited Lisa leans exsaadia < ei jf ser wi tut to uit aver eeu! ‘ai elias ia 109 9 -srabo Mi rari et eli ie at. DE ee Top. ee a q*s fy ZOO Mifcellaneous Papers. tion makes us hope you will not be difpleafed with this our Jutt & neceflary reprefentation. It was not without fome uneafinefs to us that were prefent, to ‘find in the laft Commiffion of Oyer & Terminer fome other Perfons join’d with the Council, but in regard no Criminal was then to be tried, & becaufe we were unwilling to fhew a publick difapprobation of what you had then been pleafed to determine, we thought it moft refpectfull to your Hon’ not to abfent our- felves, However we muft now beg Leave in a decent & we hope more agreeable manner to make our exceptions to fuch Commifhon, & we hope you will not think it altogether without reafon When your Honour was pleafed to caufe her Majeftys Inftruc- tions to be read in Council relating to this matter, & after fome debates had arifen about it, you was pleafed to declare (if thofe that were prefent remember rightly) that you had no intention to appoint any other perfon but the Council in that Commiffion, And if it fhould be otherwife we befeech your Hon’ to reflect, how much the general Court will be divefted of its Jurifdiction, which is not only founded upon the late Law but alfo upon the common ufage of this Dominion, no Inftance being upon record that any other {tated Court of Judicature, hath the Cognifance of Life & Member but the general Court only ; and with hum- ble Submiffion there is great reafon it fhould be fo, for it would be hard that Men’s Lives fhou’d be try’d by more inferior Judges than their Fortunes, of which the laft refort in this Country ts in the gen! Court. ‘Tho’ we have the moft intire confidence in your Honour’s Juftice and do firmly beleive that in all things you willac& according to the niceft Rules of Integrity & Honour, _ yet in times to come it may be our misfortune in your ftedd to have a Governor who may make a very bad ufe of this precedent, In fuch a Cafe we fubmit it to your Honour’s ( we, . fis], 0 te sin o ‘salient ow eel ot 3 ‘2 torso» arene renin T D wy exw leaiminD oa bisger ai sud amy adi toilduq awadh of. guillivraws wiawow tusoed rape ima : conienisish ot boteslq sadam bad way mwah Yo: roisBE : “wo wisids 0} ton ’noH, wo'y ot lisdBoqior fom si sdguods owe ow Bb ansoeb & ni ovand gid.woa fim ow tovswoH. gto Sol foul of enoliqaax9 wo cal ef ‘9anKm sinner Ranier . wodsiey ht a si toned foudiie sO eee * nodluan | aa -oretiol ayftoiall rod. Susan hhane « enw a neal ‘att omol rite B elonera ail? 2 gairsloy lisavoD., ath baat ad 02 en0i8;:\ te ae mors Uh sialoob af botable | ge uoy ti woods: asta bart eatedoby © eri.) nolimeint on bed woy ted (ylidgn rsdmomon sastorg peste | ‘ bi | toma "RO rads ai Liao: oda and ackieg todo. yas inios : | Bofier of oH TOY doodted. ow stiwidio od bluodt ti tb pada noi Pibliaul, ai to bofevib dd iw mu0D levsneg ode dona ves of coqu ole td wal orf adi noqu bobnwot Yao ton a donive yi > nase noqu gaiad soneial om eoininoG, 2ids 20 sgeus-nomimes a" s sonshingo.) od? dnd ,oaumoilial, t10.t5weD beef aadio. (8 Sd a ~iud daiw bas, ; yo swe D lersnog ade sud:aadeno aq it Yo bluow sb 208 ok 9d bluoxt tinolsor 3a939 @) srodaon himdua old any am roiwint stor xd b'yat od, b' woud zoviel sina, 38 di bis od.) vanvod aida oi siolot Stel sag doidwe,’ to anauio, tied: cad .. ni anneal atitai Rom di smd ow ‘od TT snuoD nag, sak ennids Hs oi sed avisled ylanil ob bax soiftul, * ono wey wonoH & vixgoml Yo eoluk Resin ods of gitibios vd bho qe ai saunolein ae) od. ern, aato>, » eids to du, bad yisy).s odsen yan odw. 10m emo na tt ae ol M diundah vn oe ® e wos 108 The Council to the Governor. 201 penetration, how much lefs Security men’s Lives and Liberties will be under than their Eftates whenever it fhall pleafe God for the punifhment of this Country, to put it under the dire@ion of a refenting & pafhionate Governor. It is poflible fome may object that in England, other Gentlemen are frequently added to the Judges in the Commiffions of Oyer and Terminer, in their Circuits thro’ the feveral Countys, and alfo that in this Country fome Commiffions of this kind have been iflued for the tryal of the Pirates & Indians in extraordinary Cafes, to both thefe objections we beg leave to anfwer as follows. We own the Judges in England do carry with them in their Circuits Commiflions of Oyer & Terminer, wherein fome Gen- tlemen of the refpective County’s are nam’d Affociates with them, But this is purely for the eafe of the Country, that Prifoners may be tried without the trouble of fending them up to the King’s Bench, In the Circuits there is but one Judge to fet on the pleas of the Crown, & therefore it may be thought necefiary to join iome other Perfons in Commiflion with, but there is no inftance of fuch an addition to the Judges when they fet upon Life & Death in the King’s ‘Bench which they often do | Thofe Commiflions which have iffued in Virginia were fent out for tryal of very uncommon & enormous Crimes, but we humbly prefume that fuch extraordinary Courts can’t with much reafon be compared to a fettled Court that hath its conftant. return twice a Year, that holds its Seffions in the Metropolis of the Colony, & in the very feat of the general Court, & hath the cognizance of all breaches of the Peace as well as of Pleas that concern Life © member. | Since it has been infinuated to your Hon" that in Council in advifing the continuance of this Court had too much regard to the allowance granted for that purpofe, we humbly beg leave to repeat the fame explanation of our meaning that fome of us Cc* —- ‘ip 7 beh eet | - \ _ Mali. nw fe \ ae we . ; Fe Oe i: 7: 108 ROR i 2 NS Be | 8 ‘eoistadit ban 2 | tot bot) siasiq- ‘Milt its : 19 norSsiib ody ree 7 a es) denied oldifiog aby j + ane bobbe wlinrstipott’ oR ef i oni Tl bas 19xO iin aid ni thd Us! baw ey vol ods" a 101 Hail need oved biti: ait Yo orth eine qt o} ,25tn) visnibrositxs ah alia 23 eoiiTsds Qo dayiviods eveollol aa vowlne od awnal ged sw enivifaside Tistx tod tieds ni cody dab yee db badge ni eogbul ode awoeeW 19 9mol nistodie osetia T é yO Yo enoiBliatna’) idee re diiw zatstoohA bins dig whgnv0D ovifseqiat ‘ott Yo nomels tart? eCAnGoD | ont Yo Dev torts wt lag’ at ai aidy su ered | qu miodi gntba® to: olduort oii swodsiw batt: od yer aiondtiad 7 sob wu], ono ded zt orodt eayon vd nt * Pie iets “e'gaid ody on idguody Sd yern ti ovtorady a wen odd Yor analy oct nd 3 Od Jud iw noitimedioD at ait eid yao: vail i Prelkoper tiexiiw 2 foo but” edi ‘ot nowb youl d ait ve Be aanet’ ei os mn eo 7 ai ‘no 3 Y ¥ mmeat Siow. i tip ttl, ‘a: oul did. + a ii i | ow td jsomnh audmtions A sommoon {gov to. louin Ae "i tte a ieaibrowitKs: dow Sad 2 ‘ oa ila ai i mite ai a se a Sivd teduss it 4 * a - fo tt Y -' iy wu er EEL er an ; tw ¢ » + J pee eee = ie) f ’ AT + eu Pine sin ysils = sae . eines aml ee 202 Mifcellaneous Papers. made ufe of at the time it was debated, to wit, that if we were oblig’d to leave our affairs at home & come & attend this Court, we had a fair claim to the Salary, but if your Hon’ would pleafe to difpatch timely notice to us, that no Criminals are to be try’d, that then being put to no Trouble we fhould not expect any Bey: fi Upon the whole matter we entreat your Hon’ to obferve, that when we were appointed Members of the Council we found this Jurifdition confin’d only to the Judges of the general Court, and we fhould be unwilling that our Suceffors fhould reproach us with having willingly departed from it. However we dont prefume to meafure the prerogatives of the Crown in fuch matters but humbly hope that Her Majefty will be gracioufly pleafed to fuffer fuch affairs to proceed in the ufual method except where unufual accidents fhall require an extra- ordinary exertion of her Royal Power. However if your Hon’ fhall fee caufe to be of a different Opinion, and fhall ftill be pleafed in thefe Courts to join other Perfons with the Council, we humbly beg you will have the goodnefs to difpenfe with our attendance on fuch occafions for the future, And fhall think ourfelves very unfortunate in having Sentiments in this only bufinefs oppolite to your Hon” being with all the refpect and duty in the World Y' Hon® moft Faithfull and moft humble Servants. N Obedience to the Diretions of the Right Hon? Sidney Lord Godolphin Lord High Treafurer of England in the following Words. After my very hearty Commendation, whereas I have received Information from Francis Nickolfon her Majefty’s late Lieutenant & Governor General of Virginia that William Byrd Efy" Receiver & Cafhier of her Majefty’s Revenues there is lately deceafed and that an Accompt of the 227 Ow ecstivateed wo? el) bose Ao Pv bluow ‘aol suo 2 b‘y29; od. ot-o1w. Of tn Roque ton. bluod) ow: sald ovale o: 0H sagen ow ro11em slodw od? m0q ind ow lions0D ods Yo erode Mi bsimiogqe stow OW nsw) fevanog orl? to esghsl, of ge slend binds! none aids bivort axchooawe. wa. sushds, gerilliveress adh blaine ow bre 30D Wino | wl mot harms: Sgignilliv ghived diiw eudosogsa od) to2 WHEREIN od) smiaent of omulsiq inob ow nvwoH «> rt lliw yfsieM aH ted: eget abd sud aseiien dow ni nworh _- losite sda al bos201q 03 arise slotit situ) of bolealq vuole ade) | -si3x> fix otiupsy Usd atarbinos IsQuau o1edw sqoaxs bodioda ewod Inyo wd to moinexe aries: Snonaib g to od o2 shure got fled ‘nol woy Vi tovewoH . 19410 niof of ermeD stsde nt bileslq oof 1M Merl bas: peers | ‘ods oved iw. voy god deed ow ionveD ody rhiw andhishil’ 101 etolss20 daw tio soaabeotik wo dat Snagtib or doaboog — | grived fi Sienunolag yisv eaviahiwo dnida ert bn A Tun, sae goiad, "“nokl wey of aegge domitud law elds et wnsmine. - iaat “noH YY bho¥¥ ody oe. ub: bree: Pagier odd Ile dsiw a. winevied oadatud! i bas ‘Uidsiah © & a aN WER ony three nt ae vse “nol higi Sl ait, 30 Soil ods 8 nsibodO UE od1 mi bnalgad i6 youheorT agi baod idglobo® ae he Moishnommo)d yn ysv Yea A thio ge valle al ” acditlodsiA aionerd mod notenmetal bovisser ovad I oe sinigit¥ 10. lavande) 1omnave®). B saanonsdied % Hs: -— @ Bere rad to ids 3 pice a A by iW sada. ae i o ys mn x Examination of Revenue Accounts. 203 Colle&tions & Receipts to the 25 of Odtober laft had been laid before the Governor & her Majefty’s Council by the Truf- tees of the faid W™ Byrd whereby a Ballance of £7698, 9°, 10° appeared to be due to her Majetty, befides what may be owing by the faid W™ Byrd from the time of making up his faid Ac- compt. “To the End therefore that a final Accompt of the faid William Byrd may be forthwith made up & the Ballance ac- counted for to her Majefty. I hereby pray & defire you upon receipt hereof to call before you William Byrd Efq' Son & Executor of the faid William Byrd lately deceafed and to caufe him to produce unto you the Accompt of his faid Father from the time of his Firft taking upon him the Colleétion & receipt of her Majefty’s Duty’s & Revenues to the time of his Death, which Accompts you are carefully to examine together with their refpeGiive Vouchers & to certify & tranfmit unto me your Obfervations thereupon in fuch Manner as may be moft fatif- fying & conducing to the full & perfect Recovery of all money’s which fhall be found to have been due and owing to her Majeity from the faid William Byrd deceafed by reafon of any Duty’s & Revenues whatfoever to her Majefty belonging, and wherewith the faid Byrd was chargeable at the time of his Death. and fo I bid you very heartily Farewell, From the Treafury Chambers in Whitehall the 4 day of June 1705. Your very loving Friend GoDOLPHIN To my very loving Friend Edward Nott Efq' Her Majefty’s Lieut, & Governor Generall and to her Majeity’s Council of the Colony & Dominion of Virginia and to the Cheif Governor and Council thereof for time being We have called before us us William Byrd Efq' Son & Exec- utor of the faid William Byrd Efq' late Auditor & Receiver general of Virginia who hath produced to us his Father’s Ac- compts, from the time of his entering upon the faid Office | noed bad Ral todoRO'Y a ‘ Sur'T ods yd tioave afl *or 40 .200¢% to sonia | gniwo od ysct jew aera nen ne oA bist 2id qu gnitetn Yo sonis ont pier terteon xd ny bint ont 40 tqino20A fenil s fads orolevod) bad ot oT - pppser if ; ~on oonielisl oda Bo qu obsen tiwdet od yam Bry’ tl noqu voy wiilsb a wry edrtsd ] hoist sod OF wh baidves 4 no2 “pt bryél onal We oy aroied’ ka" oF Yoored iqisos1 Siuso oF ban’ bslisoob dont reel cont We bial ony’ toretbexd mot¥ 19dinF bist eid YotqmaaaA sda vor om soubor oF mid 1qi9a91- % noifislloD sda’ ait noquy orians fri'T 2id Yo omnis ody ino] id Yo omit od} op eeinevel B eyiuC) eyhisjeht ted to fhiw uadiegod sniennke op gtilows sis poy esqmmbad Ay dod woy om omy tint Wh Ylitise ot 2 eodonoV! ovifsodtey visds 8 ftom od yam 2s tte dow) ai noqasredy’ enolievi dO D4 eyonors [Is Io yioveseSt Baineg | [lei sdtor endebnes D gniqt ! _ ylista rod ot oniwo bag gubased svad oF bnvoled Hort dotdw Hey yas Yo ddlesr yd Boleseb bill nil WF bid oderaod diiwoiodw bre griidoisd yield 09 tevedimedw eoleNs a L ol bne .dino€l eid Yo sintiy odd 4s oldeogrars ew bay bidieds oan erederisd > yauleotT ot mor lows yhinsed yiov voy bid 4 brsit'l gnivol yay 10% ie snul Yo pause? eden pe vInGIOdOWD pace eyfoisM 1H AA 20 brewhA baoirT ait er ba not linguot Da ‘ois rad o9 bas. igiaast) ton1970K) D iS ust Yied edz os bas siaigi¥ to noinirmod: 2 ld as odds ich tbe | . Baiod semiz yor Yoprads liso ene Th . VORP Jt ext 4 n02 AA bay mailli'¥ 2 eu eu orclod beget vise BY rotiboA pant pa byl a “3A 2 ith ail eu oF psc areal ow 204 Mifcellaneous Papers. (which was the 20™ day of June 1688) to the day of his Death, It appears to us that a Ballance of £46, 45, 1044 was due from his predeceflor Nathaniel Bacon Efg' Auditor and Receiver General of Virginia but not paid unto him the faid William Byrd till the Year 1695 when there is Credit given for it in two Articles viz One in the Accompt of 2/@ Hhd &C fol. 7. And the other in the Accompt of the Quitrents. fol. 7. We find that the faid William Byrd received all her Majefty’s Revenues QOuitrents, Forfeitures, Compofition for Efcheats, Revenues of af Uhd & Port Duty’s &C from the faid time of his entering upon his Office to the day of his Death which happened on the 4 day of December 1704 of all which his Son & Executor William Byrd Efq', hath laid before us the Accompts, in two diftinct Books, the one entituled an Accompt of Quitrents &C. The other entituled an Accompt of the Revenue of 2f%@ Hhd, Inthe firft of thefe Accompis the Late William Byrd is charged with the Receipt of all Quitrents & Compofi- tion for Efcheats. The charge of the Quitrents hath been made out to us by the Rentrolls of the feveral Countys of Vir- ginia under the hands of the refpective Sheriffs of thofe Counties from Year to Year, only there are wanting the particular Rent- rolls of fome Countys for fome years as follows. Viz. Of Rappahannock County in 1690 & 1691. of Ifle of Wight in 1696. of Accomack in 1697 & 1699 of James City in.1698. of Glocefter in 1700 & 1702. for want of which Rentrolls we could not exactly ftate the Charge of the Quitrents of thofe Years in the faid particular Countys. but by comparing them with the Rentrolls of the faid Countys in Other Years, We fee . ho reafon to induce us to fufpect that the Sum of thofe Quit- rents was any other than we find Accounted for by the faid William Byrd in the faid Accompts of Quitrents, As to the Compofition of Efcheats after the moft diligent enquiry into the returns of Efcheats into the Secretary’s Office, we can find no 7s) ae ih e re 2 i, aoe a OW ‘ : ’ ity por aid 1 ha a (nt sci aub aaw “for tp’¢ wsvisoo Sl brn cob Aw gnu esiliW ih > orly enrich bing. 200 nid ows nb triot sovig bot ab onede aodw 2 bat .¢ Jot OA bAH GS Borrqarooods ras aa Ae bat oW 9) tot sexaonsa? orl to sqmas9 A ords: thecal 4 eaunaved e'yilojsM rod dle bevieso: bry mneilliW bid ody salle? to esunovel zine 1 HoiRoqmoD axamivhot amass” onions aid to cenit bikkhadt mei Od ey noT 2 bdH Ge" oda nie bensqqed doidve dime€h vid Yo yb odi of s0iO eid noque sommaexad A nod aid doitw fs to por aodms.9CF to yeh pe ows ot ziqeno09A ads eu gudied: bial dand ple bry, meilliWe enuniv® Yo sqmeonA te boksizitc ono ot edooth: er "Yo ‘wninss er orlt Yo. sqrto7 Dy ns bolutins wdt0 sd F cersills W ted ony exqineagA, Sed> to Pak sda al lame -ogmo) 2 ameonin() Me te tgieos done daiw begiaro ei": asod tyad emnsuin€) st to ogieds sdT emda 40h” iV to eyinvoD Larvsh-odt Yo allorine A Sde%yd air oF duo obgen- _ asttaweD ods Yo ehirade Svifdodion ons. to: abneel, ot robnw simig- -119 1 tslusisieq ol? priveme pe s1ods vino yes ¥ od to Yom” | YO. ci .2vpolloh em eusog Semol ral eyo | andl Yo allor’ ea ni styiW to ol to that d ogdn: aianoD 40 | y 8091 ini YD) zoel, Yo egd1 Bed ai does A 0 | ‘ o . swellovaeD doidw Yodiswaol Jeogr dt! cogent: | Short Yo ainsi) adi to sgred2> ods ovnft yiBaxs pair tie mot? gnineqmor yd awd eyeweD aeludineg bid dls -al ¥ sh oW cms wedi: nivegaued bish strto | -tivQ Stors to me old gnel? foqlit 03 aur soubai oF Lidl odxyd 10d bestbosoA bal ow fede ttt. ca, 28 : . oth oreA eineitiv® Yo anynoo3A. bist of nt ee ofl? ofa ‘(uupAS insgilib rain gg ‘i 103: On s beiit nk? ow HBO ey ist. Examination of Revenue Accounts. 205 more Efcheats nor any greater Compofition for them than is here accounted for by the faid William Byrd, We have like- wife examined the difburfement for which the faid William Byrd gives himfelf Credit upon the faid Accompts of Quitrents and find that all thofe difburfements were duly made by Warrants from under the Hands of the refpe&tive Governors of this Country for the time being and in purfuance of Orders from the Lord high Treafurer or the Commiffioners of the Treafury of England for the time being, and no otherwife, All which Warrants & Orders of Treafury together with the Receipts & endorfements of the Perfons to whom the feveral Payments thereupon were made; We have duly infpected and find there was due to her Majefty from the faid William Byrd, at the time of his Death upon the faid Accompts of Quitrents & Compofi- tion for Efcheats &C the Sum of 5745£, 10°, 14° Sterling, We have likewife examined the Accompts entituled an Accompt of her Majefty’s Revenue of 2f @ Hhd, Port Dutys, & head Money, &C All which Dutys were raifed & appropriated by A& of Affembly in the Country for the fupport of the Govern- ment & defraying the contingent charges thereof, & as to the Receipts of this Accompt we have feen fufficient Vouchers from the Accounts of the Naval Officers of this Country who colle&ed the fame, which Accompts of the Naval Officers have been yearly made up according to direction from time to time by the Government here & nothing appears to induce us to beleive that the faid William Byrd received any more Money on that Accompt than he gives Credit to her Majefty for, We have likewife examined into the difburfements of that Revenue. and find that the ufual Salarys to the Governor, Council, Au- ditor of Virginia Dutys, Sollicitor of the Virginia Affairs, At- torney gen!, Clork of the Council, &C have from time to time been duly paid, as appears by Warrants under the hands of the refpective Governors for the time being, and endorfed by the @ es ae , > 208 “ons aes ai natls mars: dob avistoqianD. 191 -olil eved OW bi mill iat bry casilli V7 bid oclnadgidiw wit an bad amnortieO to aqmen A. bist i 5 Tibor’ it ) anene WT yd sbem ib og ‘onnmnSvigdih had ties oe vid? Jo nomevow sy¥iiedinn of? lo ebanH ods cabal a | , ody moit eiobiO Yo soamihuy al bos gaiod mis ode 10) yinedD a vite TD ad to evonoitimmo so: 10 t9ilsdiT dsid bod ‘ doit HA Stiwniedio om sban gaied emis edt a0t baslgadl Jo a) A exjisv2A ody thw woediagos qudingt T to ebiO SD etaenaW anonysd Isiovdt ont epost oa enctiol ods to einomshobus srorly brit bas boeqtak ylpb sved oW pobsm o1dw nogirorsds orniy odd te bry ll sini bey ods mot Naish rod 03 sub. asw -hoqmo) BH eases), YeigmosoA tual odo sroqun digo if Ao, 9 V7 vantifaaye ‘ry ‘ow kgete to mud ody Od esnoda 10% nee to sqmoa9 A. 1a belugingy: ‘etqusioob A oy bonitnsxs Diwedil sued bed ah zy nod \bd @ \e lo ovnovadioteiseiaal vyd baisiqeiqqn 3 better drow eu dont: fA) DD ono | «miovoe) ods bo r90qeih wda it yunuoD oda ni yidensRA YodaA oft 01 2x th Qosradd digreds tneyrisnos ofa gniyeteb:a deem eidovo Insioihi oss) ave ow sqmosoA. vids) Yo Ziqises owe yotomed) aid Fo emai: ‘love! oct to ainuoooA ‘oda mot e120iRO levsVi, ort tor eiqaiosgA doidve yom ort -bafiallos | o3 9ini) cuost noiBovb on yribyoz08 qu obem ghey goed. owed. o1 ey soubai of exesqqe gnidton & sod insmnreveD odaiyd stais a yonoll mom yak bevisoonbayel milli We bist ods sand dvislod . 7 nV tol fojaht york of tibexD eovig vd nes? sqmo22A teds 0 a unio A 1d) Yo, ainsmphudhib. st oxi hocinexe Riwedil saved | _ ~uh; lisavoD cfornavow) ods ur evialee bau ods ase bait bas, | Bs “th esBA sidigt, odf te rorivillod woud | a pa _ eroiy 0?) omnia emo: oyvad 94 dione ott to as. fDi a | ods To ebond adv what eiantiaW yd ereogqe 2egh seq lub ott yd bahebra- tint qaisd omin ody aot come ork 206 | Mifcellancous Papers. feveral Perfons in this Country to whom thofe payments were made & ordered, whatever other payments are charged in this Accompt, we find that the faid William Byrd had Warrants under the hands of the Governor for the time being, for them, & the faid Warrants together with the Endorfement of the Perfons to whom the feveral payments were ordered, have been produced before us, fo that for any thing that appears to us there is nothing due to her Majefty from the Eftate of the faid William Byrd more than the fum of £1938, 16, g? upon this Accompt of the Revenues & the abovemention’d Ballance on the Accompt of the Quitrents for which two Sums due at the Death of his Father & the Accrueing Dutys & Revenues to her Majefty the prefent Receiver General William Byrd the Son hath given good Security to be accountable. The above Report was agreed on & prepared by the Late Governor & Council, but His Excellency dying before the fame cou’d be fign’d by him is now humbly fubmitted to the Confide- ration of the Lord high Treafurer of England by EpWaRD JENNINGS Prefid' Puitrp LupWELL Duprey Diccs, Rost Carrer. - Wiii1am Bassetr Ben Harrison. James Birarr. Henry Duke To the Right Hon?* the Lords of the Council for Trade & Plantations The Humble Reprefentation of the Council of Virginia. May it pleafe your Lordfhips. HE Plantations have reafon to account themfelves happy > a that her Majefty in her great Wifdom hath made choice of your Lordfhips to prefide over their Affairs & to lay before her from time to time a true ftate of thefe remote parts of her Empire that the propereft meafures may be taken to render them ufefull to Great Britain, & moft happy to themfelves, We AP See ene pk prepintnton oie 2in ome i esis VW bed bree, mai mors 10} egaied, omip ei 4st roe yrow) oft to ebne of) Yo snemshobn dons. Rati, wedtgo ainsrie WE nood oved ,bowbie si9w enone, “io ould ood 92 sisi an of ainogge sect gaids ym seh dedi ol au orilod bs bid oda lo ssf oda mow cow Piel rol Of oub 3 cid) noqu fe 1 Spork to aml edi neds rom ‘bryél in no sonalleél binoige: omonods, oul, ea) gonna, oils, 10:96 " $2 tr oul aoe ows doidue: wh aosvin® ota to, petite ; o} zouiovel. B aye) goisnaeA ods 4. volts aid Yo dane ont byl mnailli VE -f isranoepewigoe A snste1q oly xia i wee ; valdsiaya9oR, ad 03, agai: 30, boog 4 aovig. diad i aoe 4 ae _ “" ied, oda yd boisqeig Bao. “bogage #5w pogo ovoda att an oma oda gadled gaiyh qonalivoxd aikd jdt dionwoD ¥ tS i" ia -sbitno® ody os. beasindal yideawd won ei oid yd Bf agit od 6 vor a yd baslgacdk Yo iauilseT dgid biol ad3 to aoiet | a saawaul wand... dito eomunal aaawad - pried mary |. AAT Ht, to soar vasagd “a a a angel yanall wate ual | woetaaH wal Lae ; . cena . : “a tne see : % shar T ‘a tse0 ods 0 aio odd HoH sage — +” in — enoitenel? re! Ne | phe a Yiomue sate isin Sei ar int Seat Se) > on of nh ‘ he ~ aqiitbrot HOY Sti | i rs Mm. inted, yqqad anal tonsa $190998 on nolan, oveit adite: soicda shan ried mobi VY. asong rod oi bape - aroled yal 09 ¥% cuits visas, Wyo, ripe nt aE sella seated asdaa poy ia suas ied pons | ni oe : ot atiaee 0 EK | > 03 Ith Aer The Tobacco Trade. 207 depend upon it very firmly that your Lordfhips are always very well pleafed to receive fuch reprefentations as tend to the Intereft of our moft gracious Queen, & the good of her People, & tis upon this Confidence my Lords that we prefume to acquaint you, with the prefent unhappy Circumftances of this Colony with refpe@ to the Tobacco Trade. The great Difadvantage which that Trade hath for fome Years lain under by reafon of the heavy Duty’s, have been fufficiently made out of late by the Merchants of England, it is more our province humbly to lay before your Lordfhips the wretched effects which the declenfion of that Trade hath had upon this Colony, It is moft Evident that all the mifchiefs which happen to the Sale of Tobacco fall either immediately or alternately upon the Planter. If he venture home his ‘T’obacco at his own requeft & it yeilds nothing, or worfe than nothing (which is frequently the Cafe) the lofs lights directly upon the Planter, or if in diftruft of the Market he fells it to the Mer- chant, & he lofe by it, tis certain the next time he will afford the Planter little or nothing for his Tobacco. Thus either way he will not fail to be the loofer and the Load at laft muft fall on thofe who had the misfortune to make it. We are forry to acquaint your Lordfhips that is not only an Idle Speculation, or a coniequence in profpect, but a melancholly Fact too often experienced by moft of the Inhabitants of this Country “Thofe who have Negroes for the moft part have brought themfelves in debt by continuing to plant Tobacco notwithftanding all the Induftry & management they cou’d make ufe of. Nay thofe who have been moft Induftrious have taken moft pains to be undone, Then as for the poorer People, who in {pite of all difcouragement have continued to work in this unproftable Commodity they have every Year convinced themfelves that their hardeft Labour will not purchafe Cloaths to cover their nakednefs ; While thofe, who had by repeated experiment been ney ) _brofte Iliw od omis xan edt ainnod et otyd Bol-ed W tands ad 91 ening Dom nest oved auondubsl fiom ot otk pee zidd. Yo | alba S sousdetinans Asive pear ae sini chet er dsidw speed eae im | sood sved 2 yw yuaed set te noleot yd robna nial axsoY alt i-ybaelonA Yo erusdoroht ons qd otal Yo swo sbspt ads eqitbio.L ws onoted. yal ) elders sonIvOTg wo stom zi bed wfed obs1 1) tal? to HéRraloob ods Aoiciwe facie badoiosw gioidolies oda ils isd) tngsbid fom 2) aL oyaoieD: zit noqu 10 xlornibermi adie Iba opaade I to alee onscos noqqed doidw . oohado'T. gid agnor. conmigo UL viomneld ony goqu’ ioomenrsals j vnidion mds show ww egnidron shi lisy a1 B Roupet hwo aid te ods coqu yliarih emtgil Mal odd (SoD sult yiscoupat zi doidw) wl ofa os ai alist od taste, adi lo Buxhib od Ui 10 pint vodsio aud ,ovoedo'T aid 101 yoirton x0 sbatil teins! oft Qiu Ast se beod sdg bets wlool ons od of list” 200 Uw od yew ynotom oW 3 salen oP onuticizi odi bad odw Sion: ao Me noitelyseq@ sib] ne ying ton ai jody aqidthael toy inieupos ot nate oot eT ylloronslom « md fiajiorg ai 223upsines 2 10 | Koll yoaueD aids to ametidadal ods, Io float we beasorteqxs | oe ni zovishenoeds sdguow ¥yvad ring Sloen ody 10% evorgo ovedodw ody fe onibetidiiwion egosdeT raslg, _ yd adob A — Slo? ys do shi sata byes youd seioete % chtobal on Hla too ori ni ow elyost ve100q sid. 1k és akin, sidswtorqan - eins: ni ahtww oF bownimnes | ove wad tnd 2ovisiensds ‘beonivned! IY seen wen riod 19v09 @% edaeolDy aistlowg sort Hive oa assed sania mc w bad ow ¢ 208 Mifcellaneous Papers. | difappeinted of neceflaries by planting Tobacco have fallen upon manufactures to cloath their nak’d Families, and fucceeded fo happily that they are the only part of the comon People who are tolerably cloath’d, ‘We need not ufe many Arguments to convince your Lordfhips how foon the reft will follow fo eafy an example, when the fuccefs of their Neighbours on one hand, & their own neceflities on the other, will both perfuade & drive them to it. : Now my Lords the certain confequence of this muft be that except a fpeedy & effectual remedy be apply’d the unhappy Bufinefs of Planting Tobacco will dwindle every Year till it be altogether left off, People will not follow a Trade to their undoing, & tho’ they have purfued it longer than any Body could expect under fuch cruel difcouragements, yet when their dif- trefied Families cry’d aloud upon them for neceffaries, they muft take the fitteft method to releive them, If Tobacco wont yield them fufficient to cloath them with the manufactures of Great Britain, they muft apply themfelves to manufactures of their own, to the utter neglect of “Tobacco, the Trade of which muft be intirely loft. And can it ever be for her Majefty’s Service or for the Intereft of her Subjets to drop a Trade fo vaitly beneficial as that of Tobacco; A Trade that every Year employs fo many Ships, & is fo fruitfull a nurfery for Seamen: A Trade that fets fo many poor People at work both in Great Britain & America: That occafions fo great a demand Yearly of Britifh Manufactures; and confequently fo greatly improves the Value of the Land that produces thofe manufactures; and above all a Trade which fo abundantly helps to Ballance the Commerce of Great Britain with foreign Parts, which wou’d otherwife every Year drain mighty Sums of Specie from thence. Thefe my Lords are very Subftantial Advantages & richly worth preferving & improving to the utmoft. But your Lordfhips will agree that can’t poflibly be done, without care be taken that the = a 6! ortw wae weshes nae’ “y" o} esmamigiA yas otwe vino Awollot Miw foi oi brad sno no einoddgisHl ‘isda Yw°dosauit ads agdw'¢ > AR f ovinb wrabalibtod Hsod ed radon no eiviloaea 40 OAT 2 sl Non hs on 43083 Bh a said od fio 2ids to snipe itixiye> oe) mas beipaleeni yqqscitin’ act blqqe od vival a foutacis wi eoaiuenaneaee oi] 11 {lia tae 'Y etsvo albntivrbe fiw esonde T! gnismal® Io diana pray siod? 09 SbatT # wollod tore tiie Siqost fo’ Rak rorlogotls bluoo (bod yaw madi rognol fibaiinat ovad yords ‘ods gaiobam aie | Vie ib sistly: stonkve ray rercorerogary Ri | og dow. sobs Bamps og, Shunt yds weirs son tot seedy ceeng busode: b ‘vio esilima’d behen ” ey 7 snow “Odondo TU) pte, Svieko om bodiont Psatt: ody) Sales ay jo eau Murad odd dive meds isnio 0; tasiotial mors blog? Jo cow Rmtungn Ot voul Shea viqqe Posen yor nuBind ised of doidw te sbarT ods orradeT to Belgon rosy get 02 wnwomieds, othr z “frotei voit dwt ed ive shoe bad | fol yloniani od fhe’ C0 7 oh shir squib ot eBofdnd wo forial edd tok to. soivage i) | 19 f oyreve mi ebarl A ebogede’E to okey am lniaibomad dibangio it ase tol shh Uitvigtt ot ei 4 ,2quid yom. O) yolqmna ne ins2t) mf caod atrow 30 slqos t00q heii of atot deeds aba Booey yhiso¥” bramab & aseageol enoiteose tad T 2 sobvornmA vr sisting wie covoiqmi ybssig OF ybnonpsineg bite ; eoufdaunell atisinel ae bas ;eswA@iinsestody esoubor jade bind sth to pander odi vonalladl’ of aqiod ylanmbauds Gl’ doidwe shay 9) ovods b‘vow doilw end ngiaioh) dbiw ninsintl aso yo : . sonod) mot siasg@ to. enna) saatgion sek yt driow yldoin me oneeene Isitnaftdu? = jo ivy ecyirlbro dk taoy sth so Rent: 0 os odygin ody vaca nods - Pat) sworltiw oui The Tobacco Trade. 209 Planters, who are to make this ufefull Commodity, may have a fuitable return for their Labour. It can never be imagined that men will be content to work hard all the Year round except they can have fome hopes it will produce neceflaries for them- felves & their Children. This is not a Clymate that will fuffer People to go naked, on the contrary the weather has very great excefles both of heat & Cold, And therefore if “Tobacco will not furnith Cloathing to protect them from the injuries of the Clymate neceflity mutt force them upon other meafures, “They have before their Eyes many inftances of fuch of their Neighbours as have already fucceeded in the attempt, Befides they have all poflible en- couragement from the kindly productions of the Country. Sheep thrive in it very tolerably, & iince the late neceflity’s of the Inhabitants, have been greatly propagated. Cotton grows in moft places with little Labour, & great en- creafe, Flax & Hempthrive no where more plentifully. Here are mighty numbers of Cattle, & other wild Creatures, to yield Leather of every Sort. Several parts of the Country produce rich Iron-Oar, which will admit of vaft Improvements. In fhort my Lords here may be found materials of every kind to furnifh conveniences of Cloathing, Tools & Houfhold, neither is there wanting Tradefmen of all Sorts to improve thefe ad- vantages to the higheft upon the whole matter confidering the Bounty of Nature in the aforefaid particulars, We cannot be- lieve it hath been for the Intereft of Great Britain that fo great difcouragements have been laid upon Tobacco, as to force the Planter in fpite of his inclination to taft the fweet of fo many other Improvements. But fince this hath fo happened, there is now no way left to call People back to plant Tobacco, but to remove fuch hard- fhips from the Trade as may make it worth the Planters while Dd? pie pee sialic Yo asinwjni oda) ieucicteaill ppb oe earth sisds stated vnc god E evwisore t9d29, noqu: esi 9308 ‘;: basis ‘sved 26 ewodtigio¥t sind: to, daa. ‘to'2oonsiai Yam 2 oidiftog Is -ovad york esbilst - rqersing od3 i bobossouit va “yumuoD otto ‘edoifeting ybaid od mon Yasdiegemed na 1.4 hesitant otal ode gama o(ldesloryisy tt mi ovinds qaode ' -bosegnqerq yiisig need oved etasndedal odd -no sor A pwodsdd glad dria zoonlq foment eworg ‘netted. - MoH -vliianslg sont smule on ovind qinsHl kel este ; _ blaiy of ,2o1u18079. bligenadte 8" .ol2c0 0 eodmunyigin aie " — souboxq -yuewel di Yo aming Ieravod . arodagsve to ted nl .zinonweverqml few to siabs fiw dont. aeOtnol doit oF bald yisve YW eléreese® bauet od vent srodebrosd en nod dion, blodiuaH 4, aloo T agonal. ‘tore ; -bs siodt avouqmi 62 ane® Ils to, nomlobsrT gnitnn oy oils yainebitno., ioMaer oledvw ads noqu fisdgia odla'03 a9, «od tonnage oVZ aisluoing bid ols off abo 3 i071 Ol surly minting, 2091 Jo fort) ods 10? sod ols 92701 oF 28! ooondoT noqu ‘bisl'nsed) vad 1 yen ot to atom ei ~ o beonegrer ae 210 Mifcellaneous Papers. to follow it, fuch encouragements at leaft fhould be allowed him therein, as that he may not be driven by neceflity to follow employments much lefs for the benefit of Great Britain If this be not fpeedily done, the Trade with all its mighty Advantages muft be loft, And befides when the People here fhall no longer depend on their mother Country for neceflaries, they will by degrees cool in that warm affection towards it, for which they always moft remarkably diftinguifh themfelves. Such my Lords is the unhappy Condition of this her Majefty’s moft loyal Colony of Virginia, and without Queftion Maryland labours under the fame fever circumftances. The difeafe is in- deed fo dangerous, that calls aloud for a fpeedy & effectual Cure, However what that Cure muft be, we dont prefume to prefent ; but moft intirely fubmit it to your Lordfhips wifdom, whofe per- petual Endeavours are employ’d for the fervice of her Majetty, & the profperity of her Subjects We have the Honour to be with the humbleft refpe& Your Lordthips moft obedient & moft humble Servants. The Method of making Tar in Mufcovy. 1 & \NHOICE being firft made of the fatteft Fir Trees, which C are full of ‘Turpentine,’ they are bark’d in the Month of October from the bottom Fight foot high (except a Slip of 3 or 4 Fingers broad which is Icft on one? Side quite up) and in this Condition the Trees are to ftand at leaft for a Year, if for two or three it is ftill better, The Turpentine fettling in the mean time in the part that is bark’d. 2 When ready for ufe, the Tree is cut down generally in the Winter for the conveniency of Sledway, and the part which is 1 Several Perfons agree the Trees mut be bark’d in O@tober & not in the Spring. 2 The Slips of Bark are to be left on the North Side. | we) 03 7 pebgo joa ‘ rogaol on Mal oral aiqoa) xd dliw. vod ,asixésosn ada yotly doidw aol ay 2busworat if | 2 -itsin ee aids coitibripD vqqeitnw TE) ai shroud yen dau’... | bashyieli soiftauQ: iuoddian bam ping V, to Yolo? Isyol float) ~il eb aentib of DT). 2soneftentnia aoyot oem ond, rabaw ziwodal .., ow. Isufisite % yhoo! atok buols elle tndy auorsgash A bash : Indie of ofrude1q Inch oye yed Diem o1vD sendy ged a . -19q Slodw ,tooblin eqidtbaond, woe 03 44 simdul lonisai. Noms wd. - ae oisjsM. tod to saivrdh, ods wh 6 yolgim 218 awoycshad leusog, As eDojduc sod Ao guas@orq: oda Sadia olden ods ine od oi woneH ods sygdoW .. oe, 9 eqidtbro td OM eal aio nae alist Her ls aavibodo. Shom Poemiars, Wes y a gl ee a ae Paces vil oe | eee wt awe akin bad SEP wa’ a ae ee dt: ee a0 P ae floss noahed _— Shit aid ITOH F a; ¢ Yo a 5 poy gid Sout wig incl a moi wedoR ai bas (qu otivp sbi@ *sno fo fol 2 dboidt’ Bord isgait p' rol Ui aoe & ‘6 wh Sirol’ ors batt or sin gor ody péy si a) >) adi od3 al “gail eet ‘at ‘pis fie i oy 3 40 ow! aa a sedty! neq oe3 o er “ott oi yllmeonsg awob 109 at got ors Alu bn) vos ei Hoidw neq ody, bas eee vb ae Ys out: gntge ad ai Joa 2 nda i penny a0 ; ' “' a a | : ee mee agile ad * Method of Making Tar in Mufcovy. 211 bark’d is cut off, and carried to the place where ’tis defign’d to burn. Split at full Lengths into Billets about the thicknefs of a man’s Arm, and laid in Piles Six foot high, that a computation may be made of the Tar it will yield. 3 For the burning a Clay Ground is chofen, a Trench is made the wood piled up 30 or 40 Fathom more or lefs as there is provifion, covered with Earth & the Fire kindled, juft after the farne Method as is ufed in burning Charcoal, If tis a loofe or fandy Ground, the bottom of the Trench muft be well plafter’d with Clay. : 4. The Trench is made deepeft in the middle, after the Form of a Shallow Trey, For the Tar which Sweats out of the Wood by the heat to fettle and run off by a little Channel or drain made of Fir Bark under the Ground into a Hogfhead or Tub, which is placed at fome diftance lower than the bottom of the Trench. 5 If the Weather is dry & calm that the wood burns flowly, it produces more and better Tar than if it is windy and burns faft, if it be wet or damp weather the Tar will be watry, and in that! Cafe, muft be feperated & cleaned afterwards. 6 Store of Cafks muft be ready to barrel the? Tar, as faft as tis made. 7 A Fathom of Wood at full Length, fix foot broad & as 1 Tis clean’d only by tapping the Cafk at the end or on the Side, & letting it Stand a night & the Water will gather there & run off. 2 The Ruffians have a method of preferving theirs in large Chambers which are dug into the Sides of a mountain on the Lake of Ladoga. The bottom, Sides & top are laid with Beams of Fir well jointed & Calk’d, & the Roof fupported by props in the middle, on the Roof & Sides, they ramm Clay or Earth, but a- large funnel is left at the top for pouring in the Tar & a little door on the Side next the water, from whence by the help of a pipe & Cork "tis conveyed into the Cafk when on board the Boats, by this means the Tar is preferved from freezing & Leakage & a great deal of labour fav'd. - rrs cross a “03 bYirgitob eis* stsitw' 9p cho gto Asndrinld or ga ae veri tiga ® ag. Ligidl ¥ rey thai diel a ie Hw at ober ei isn't & oi at #i bine rs) ai stoi ex asl to “som” | more fer 10" or2 soft Rut (bolbniit peso a toe 10 Stool & eit YT” dsovt | antares, iiow ad ‘nailat dono aria ad} wfte-sib bit" va Sas obatet ef ening iret ae orl? Yo 10 esnowe” doiihw aT sil?) vol” Buk wolled® bf : 10 lonasdD oft « yd We) mit bas ols1s oF sesrt aria yd ; ne besdlooH £ ent bawoie | al robriu tl. Tt os Yo tnonsed oils intone soa smo} ae hoa: ai doidw 7 a a a) 4 ghveol mT, baie iat Giblittas 2 yib of verties 7 odd Wg gud bas ybiw ai 31 W meds a9T' 1989d) bak ston esoubory a bar puew od tw maT ade wdisow qmab.1o. dow sd it Ad ce abwmroits boamola 2 boisieqdt od Phir dhe ‘steer fist es we'l* odo ‘loned —— sd Thum ani 0 ono oe 2K 3 "eS 10% «it Atak ta Ie, 6001 0 modse Ay a brvure 3i silietii' ie Dor sely no 10 bas otf tr ad pre salen © Fa mane avndly vodaeg ftw x20 We sala 18 afyl olinshcldinn shiliaisiitl mick ninds yaivwsing to boron # veel nei adh qo) & obi2 ~reriod ofT gyobied Yo gated eda ng sicuagite 1s mt ot ne al mot yd banneggil Yoo ods baMK sh banal Hae I to an w hin Hal ai a iiiee oat & seni tena me Loca eect dye tag . 212 Mifcellaneous Papers. many high is computed to produce a’ Laft of ‘Tar, fometimes more but often Lefs. To make Plafter to refemble Afhler. — Lime, drift Sand, & ftone Duft, a like Quantity of | each, the Lime muft be frefh, and of the ftrongeft Sort, which muft be Slacked and fifted fine, the Sand is fuch as is found in Streams of Water, mutt be fifted thro’ feives one degree after an other, till it comes to be as fine as muftard Seed, after which it muft be wafhed clean from Duft or Loam; the Stone Duft muft be had from any Quarry or Place, where Stones are ufually wrought or faiv’d, and if the duft be not fine enough, it muft be pounded with a Sledge as fine as can be; when all is ready, then mix an equal Quantity of each together, and with Beaters let it be wrought in manner of Plafter Mortar, and well turned and beaten and intermixed every day, for 6 days before it be ufed; it cannot be too often turned, and beaten; which muft be done on planks, or on a Stone Floor, fo that no dirt or duft be raifed to mix with it, but when the Lime, fand and Stone Duft are all ready, it need not be mixed or wrought till about a fortnight before it is to be ufed. The muft be a very good {trong Plaifter Mortar made as is ufually put on walls for the firft Coat of Plaiftering, and made after the common way of Plaifter Mortar, with good frefh Lime, common Sand, and as muft Hair as can well be wrought into it, which muft be extra- ordinary well tempered for a week or nine days, and lye near as long to prevent bliftering, When both are ready, let all the old _ Mortar be fcraped clean off the joints of the wall, and then with .a Brafh dipped in Water, moiften the wall very well, Then 1 Twelve barrels make a Laft. wits ide A sediele ae ; Wi eR eaty, gata : 8 pian nay | aig? igh _ xia Voges ot to vids lil Awd rok | ne? .ri04 Aoynort odio bee aeilvad om aur prom ai en ciswheet based! orf enh ital brig bodoalé od fhusts af osigob ono esvish ‘oad? bold od} Aven, 938 to areas st. toile ,bos?’ biefom as sat ap od od eomnco 2 Ia odie eae + i va onore ort yp tread to. Si eet aslo bodimwed Dumt doidve : o1s 20nd)? oodw sonld xo ee yaw mot bed od Dum, fea we ole -Aguéne ont ton od 7wh ody Wbas b'vid 20 idguonw qlee ge = aj aye dody pod aparen ome eh ogeole, & ili bebnuoq 4d. ae ee. ie hiv bre yistiege) dont to. Vine taupe nk yun. nod BASIN - How bee Ganolt rflelT to ssnAgeR Ai tdguorw od adel ¢ oe | soled vipa 0 wet eal ays: doxinnerni bas nerd bas bommw?, " lainw ; neinod bem borin teihe ooy ad jonnes ag hslu. 9d. 3i..9) ed 10 ib on ses ot ook ono & are) 20.,,2analg no on0b od ftv onote baa bre psenabdl oat asd tod ot daiw xis om, bahia od fy gs tuwdda this sdguovw 2: boxiat ed jon boot 4h gybear Ye ome ae fe hoog yew 6 od than ad boty od od af gh mnoled m ia a odd 10) ellswomo ay lesa ¢i ee obarm xan0M. pital ; wm, to yew nommoo odd tats obam bes gairattialt to i800 ha me cs bas base aomimod omit Mat hoog daiw gato. waftial © ma -suxo od fun doitw gi omit adgu ow od Is | en inet sybbas @ysb: stint 10 Joswe tot sroginay Taw blo sds He tol ybsor ore diod aad “gnballd sensig dsiw asdd bina” ew ora to emia} ody: Do nsals board od agy A sitin: nod T ad Rast Ilew odd Heties pd rote! hel Poss fe . Fs Why. fay State of the Colonies in America. 7 he immediately lay on the Plaifter Mortar of a moderate thicknef, to lye as levell and even as can be, and whilft that retains a moifture in it (be fure before it be dry) let another good hand follow and lay on with a Trowell, the finifhing Mortar near about a quarter of an Inch thick upon the firft Coat, and as it dries muft with Boards (called Floats) rub it, and grind it in extraordinary weli, to incorporate it with the firft Coat, and Continue floating it, until thorough dry; It will crack in the working, but the Workmen muft keep a Brufh and water by to moiften the Cracks, & continue with the Floats to grind it in backwards and forward for two days till thoroughly dry, and incorporated with the firft, But before ’tis too dry, let the Workman with a Rule and Iron for the purpofe, put it into {quares and joints of fuch Size as you pleafe, not forgetting to break Joynts one under the other, and if you would have the Coins higher and more prominent in imitation of Ruftick, it muift be wrought higher and bolder in the firft Mortar, and the finifhing Mortar need not be much thicker than before, the Colour may be fomewhat altered by adding a fmall Quantity of either Sort. Suppofe Freeftone Duft may do. GS", William Keith had been Surveyor Gen', of the Cuftoms in the Southern Diftrict of America, For fome Years & was afterwards Governor of Penfylvania under M' Penn for a confiderable time, But he was fo very expenfive a Man that he faved nothing in either of thefe Employments. on the Contrary he plunged deeper in Debt than he was before, infomuch that when he return’d to England he was oblig’d to go abroad with great Caution, and to have many Faft Days at home, The following Piece he wrote to recommend Himfelf, at the Ex- p18 ata - @ondaidy sissubidialainaion s enietoy sels’ dilidw> ‘baw ed na basd boog Leaaabebe ra it yaon ENON, tt ak brs pa fail gt db bey bos pep clipe bas 0D dh soca diwe dt Me10q10o nt any ey ara ai anew iw sD. VAD Miguorods fisew ai perro ot yd stew bas dil qos Avon sale Wedd sud gniahow — ni ti bnizg 03 esol t oeynditive owninos 8 gala" or bas pnb -vlitguotorts Hit eyel-ow? 10) btewreh bie” oft tol .yab 009! eit’ gd a0 Ait ods thiw ba amyl Hi jue stoquiq ode ae! mow! bas slo 9 Miw gomheW” — o} griistegiod ton dheakg amy ex oi dow Yo -etaio} ee re oily swell bliiow poy ban ,t21130 ‘ort webu SmQ: ett . or. ti, dodle A le nolsinal mi tngaimosq nom bis: t ot bre. wnol, Sh odgend yeblod bras sodgid gua Aw oer. ott 0k od pol) sooty dower od sot’ been wr gail a Yo yrvesn® Meals “_ “e bowls ssimerrinch ie 8 “tab ya Bu sootoart stoqqe’ ie frre | ; kth y uF sa > . q evolu off? to tus wer nae at to me Ll f am ; as “i nee M. i base doles onsets obi n ier. qaoD on? no» .2inemyolqeara cog Shaded salt dowmndini oidied aew od’ nies sol ack ftiw brows og oF b'gildo” aw od inusl ee 1 odT ommod 38, eyeCl fiat unser ovad- of xa os 16 olstmi ance om Introduétion 214 Mifcellaneous Papers. penfe of the American Colonies, in which no man ever met with more Civilitys. But as it happen’d he neither hurt them by this Performance, nor benefited Himfelf, Indeed the Miniftry muft have been very little Acquainted indeed with thefe Parts of the World not to find out many injudicious obfervations therein, which carry’d plain Marks of the Reafon for which he wrote them. But the Work itfelf will beft fhew its Author & therefore I fhall fet it down at Full Length as follows. A fhort Difcourfe on the prefent State of the Colonies in America, with Refpeét of Great Britain, By Sir William Keith. a APPY are the People whofe Lot is to be govern’d by a H 8 Prince who does not wholly depend upon the Repre- fentation of others; but makes it a Cheif Part of his Delight to infpect into the Condition of his Subjects according to their Several Ranks & Degrees; who from the force of his own Mind diftinguifhes the true Merit of His Servants, leaving the Liberties & Properties of his People to be Equally guarded & juftly defended by a Punétual Execution of the Laws. The unbounded Extent of Knowledge to be dayly acquired by the Judicious Enquirys & Application of fuch a Prince, will foon abolifh the ufe of Flattery, & the pernicious Effects of all defign’d Mifreprefentations. “Ihe Paths of Virtue & Honour, with a Strict Adherence to ‘Truth, will be the only Avenues of Accefs to the Sovereigns Efteem, & the Royal Favour in fuch a Reign, will ever be agreeably difpenced, in Proportion to the ufefull Condud&t & true Merits of the Party. So great an Example from the Throne, will doubtlefs infpire every honeft breaft with a better Share of Publick Spirit, men’s Thoughts will not then be fo intent upon what they can get for jen ee A e | A ee RIOR On Th onsanchPsatge mods sys santion oh Dae Te ee Mek neosd overt Pin’ tial Mi ort hvobal AldealH be: x ron blioW adi Yo une b‘yriso doitw -nistodls ala ruth _— r01W od a 2 4 pL) er ae ea) Saeed “a 26 et to eatin * ie AN gianna “a cae Ce oor sill wit valroladd eit soil biti er oo dG aon a ie aie i W312 yi aiid suv ‘Ne Targ\o Sk aburs wil & yd bits yoy. od of ei 10D ore ‘slyost oy SR YOGA Leda ot) Hoge basesh elloitwr ton exob odw’ sont | 9"; mfgiloCh xid Yo ye dO e a epiear tud athe to ‘lau il tiodt of 8 ghibros08 eBojdud alt Yo nottibneD sda omt Bsdtai Pad nwo ein Ab gxiof ons TO oilw peov1gad BY 21k eee ody yaivasl aingyise efi te. soM ous SHY cadiugniftib bait * % bobiswy tsa od a? ohqost git Yo gainaqort, a 2oit9 : pat “ewal odt ta noise trefsnwt # vw? Hobrestab sa botivpos ylyeh od o) sgbalwon lt to mom holon: ee lliw oaitt s dow to acitsilggA A erivpad euoio ioibul, x a | Head deve sem, ods -. os gare bes oe ‘tty ited ‘te te Wwe posh iti ie inail’s badd na ‘oe be oa Ars silt o3 —— a a Las od ee | oneal Asisduob' ‘ie adae ain iy tn of} e*nder ie ee adildud te suede ‘terd & tine Ror wg | om State of the Colonies in America. 205 themfelves, as on what they can do for their Country, And for fuch Parts of the Princes Prerogative & Executive Power, as neceflarily muft be entrufted with Minifters, they will ever be thought an advantage and Security to a Nation, while the Con- duct of a Miniftry Shines principally in the Support of Liberty, which cannot Fail to to gain the Hearts & AffeCtions of a Free People. When either by Conqueft on Encreafe of People, Foreign On a Provincial Dependant Go- Provinces are pofleffed, & Colonies planted abroad, it is con- joc ment. venient & often neceflary to fubftitute little Dependant Govern- ments, whofe People by being enfranchifed, & made Partakers of the Priviledges & Libities belonging to the Original Mother State, are juftly bound by its Laws, & beeome fubfervient to its Interefts as the true End of their Incorporation. Every Act of Dependant Provincial Governments ought therefore to Terminate in the Advantage of the Mother State, unto whom it ows its being, & Protection in all its valuable Priviledges, Hence it follows that all Advantageous Projects or Commercial Gains in any Colony, which are truly prejudicial to & inconfiftent with the Interefts of the Mother State, muft be underftood to be illegal, & the Pratice of them uhwarrantable, because they Contradi@t the End for which the Colony had a being, & are incompatible with the Terms on which the People Claim both Priviledges & Prote€tion. Were thefe Things rightly underftood amongft the Inhabit- on a Britith Co- ants of the Britifh Colonies in America, there wou’d be lefs }7¥ 12 America. Occafion for fuch InftruGtions & Strict Prohibitions, as are dayly fent from England to regulate their Conduct in many Points; the very Nature of the King wou’d be fufficient ‘to direét their Choice in cultivating fuch Parts of Induftry & Com- merce only as wov’d bring fome Advantage to the Intereft & Trade of Great Britain, & they wou’d foon find by Experience that this was the folid & true Foundation whereon to build a | yor baA. rind eo es pwywol svi ‘0D odd slifiw ion ansdil to nog deat lecion so 8 tacos abil de sntvovt & a0 asi siqost Yo Mason ad Fv, irae er Te ) Sanh MIG oe | JN STIS ¥ di ot tnsivisidil ornaipadk 2 usd ew yd baved Wluf worry, od funn poss? yodsoMh sds Yo efiorginl. ocladiiw slqoo't aus dali mo-zeino"T od ae dis ars vw in gi Sey - ' The) Mn PT eae | -109 ai ti ,bsows betmaly esincloD B ,bsNshoq se gsonivorT - «novo Insbaoqe shail esmsifdu) of yiiltsaon nailo’ o sania ziodnsisd sbem & .bMioariine gaied yd siqosd Rodw aimem ~*~ radio IsrighO odto8 gnignolod-esisidid: Baogbolivin’ ode to a sagen) sied3, sn 8 ea pelican teinaivor’ insbnsqetl to oe a) 97002 rodtol oly Wa: agcinevbA ads, nis Snir ola oldculay et Is ni aeiisio'l 2 ~ynied ati awa 10 efdojorl enoogentaybé ie tes ewollot ti 20090, .eegh oy imiosbupary iets. rg doicive olod yas ai anise). it oldansonwdu miedé Yo doi Gar ods B dxgolli od peru be = &-bed ynoleoD. ada deidw 10h bay oda Ribeuine a bers ucred | =f y Manet a ae blclaint oily ay iivonle beoftabaw, \ of i) hooA ak ynol stol od b' wow ood? fs is o16 bk ,enoltididorT Bing B enoifurtal - yarn ni Bubno D> aed sanbiigat. 02) bnalga _ O° of ingiial sd b'gow genial ors wate no) Yi yiubal de ened oats f va evil | é wd fisrsal ‘ods on ogni bA, ts si a aonsiqxtl yd bait noel bvow ars aes bit 9 axed niahmoe 0 3 Bl dy enw a On the Advan- tages arifing to Britain from the Trade of the Co- lonies 216 Mifcellaneous Papers. real Intereft in their Mother Country, & the certain Means to acquire Riches without Envy. On the Other Hand where the Government of a Provincial Colony is well regulated, & all its bufinefs & Commerce truly adapted to the proper End, & defign of its Firft Settlement; Such a Province like a Choice Branch, fpringing from the Main Root ought to be carefully nourifh’d, & its juft Intereft well guarded; No little Partial Projector Party Gain, fhou’d be Suffered to affect it, but rather it ought to be confidered & | weigh’d in the General Ballance of the whole State as a ufefull & profitable Member. ’ For fuch is the End of all Colonies, & if this Ufe cannot be made of them, it wou’d be much better for the State to be without them. It has ever been the Maxim of al! Polite Nations, to regulate their Government to the beft Advantage of their ‘Trading Inte- reft wherefore it may be helpful to take a Short View of the principal benefits arifing to Great Britain by the Trade of the Colonies. 1 The Colonies take off & confume above one Sixth Part of the woolen Manufactures exported from Britain which is the Cheif Staple of England & main Support of all the Landed Intereft. 2 They take off & confume more than double that Value in Linnin and Callicoes, which is either the ProduG@ of Britain & Ireland, or partly the profitable Returns made for that Produ carried to Foreign Countries. 3 The Luxury of the Colonies which encreafes daily con- fumes great Quantities of Enelifh Manufa@tured Silks. Hab- erdafhery, Houfehold Furniture, & Trinkets of all Sorts, alfo a very confiderable value in Eaft India Goods. 4, A Great Revenve is raifed to the Crown of Britain by returns made in the Produce of the Plantations, efpecially To- IsionivorL« Yo 203 art qlutt eorsmengD, nye dud, 2a) ; momaliwed Mit ep do, ndloh & badd wae dt 09. b nud od? mot gnigaingt donut spied Ps -osihes youl 4 low fisrsta] uj adi 2 Dien Whitsies od ot adgue: 1008 od. b'vod), niet) Pe es ae ofiajont leita ‘ohnil: oh oauene 4 bstabriaes od .03 Idguo 1. anda gud. vi: Rohe of Ar* ltvislu © an 21816 obeodhie a Yo oanelletl Levene), ods peter ae ice asda aldashorg 2B)» inten sd onng> aU gies. ii ¥ 2 ssiaoleed He to bad od) ei dihad * felt Vary od o1 93022 od yo} 1os0d down od b'uew ti. ends Yo). sheen oro cel _ coeds mode Were). oisligor i pany," siilod. ita Ms iene: orl asad. wv ead ad Aes 10 -oial anibss F tisds te oyearnvbds., fiad alt of InomnarsvO ‘fled yaa af of? Yo wot mod « ois ot IWtgtod od yar ti otointadw: det-oPedsloaberl ; od3 to sbar'T oda xd au Led # gains anaes Isqisriing a a 2 saaiaaloD 9 ese a | Yo 167 sheKi2 one sayode eine B.Ro ne ssinolo? ms fe ee “pune A oe ods ei doidw oisaiatl mow, borage siuhsunsM asloow old. edie — o bebanJd oda fe ba seen igen a or to er ro > a a iieile pipes ei sioe 4, cigingh, to Pubord nhs aadais eh oid ala Dei fubort a 10 abace eased gator. atts surg, 3 ol ino , nda, Yo. yen ease -dsH "ella saeeialaael dhiigad 6 sireathanmee eT a ws & Gils noe lis to soda 2. pwiiow dod iebas hr fede sy, stboo®D iba Mach i slo ada ctohiln yd oisixtl to aioe oft oF Shi | 9¥: — ie = ri oT ambeutlt a Jo rs ma <— a: ie ot 7 ‘Ve a T- F State of the Colonies in America. 217 bacco, which at the fame time helps Eneland to bring nearer to a Ballance their unprofitable Trade with France. 5 Thefe Colonies promote the Intereft & Trade of Britain by a vaft encreafe of Shipping & Seamen, which enables them to carry great Quantitys of Fifh to Spain, Portugal, Leghorn &C, Furs, Logwood & Rice to Holland, where they help Great Britain confiderably in the Ballance of Trade with thofe Coun- trys. 6 If reafonably encouraged the Colonics are now in a Con- dition to furnifh Britain with as much of the following Com- modities as it can demand Vizt, Mafting for the Navy, & all Sorts of Timber, Hemp, Flax, Pitch, Tar, Oyl, Rofin Copper- Oar, with Pig & Bar Iron; by means whereof the Ballance of Trade to Ruffia & the Baltick, may be very much reduced in Favour of great Britain. 7 The Profits arifing to all thefe Colonies by Trade, are return’d in Bullion or other Effe@ts ufefull to Great Britain, where the Superfluous Cafh & other Riches acquired in America, muft Center; which is not one of the leaft Securities that great _ Britain has.to keep the Colonies always in Subjection. $ The Colonies upon the Main are the Granary of America, & a neceflary Support to the Sugar Plantations in the Wet Indies which cou’d indeed not Subfift without them. By this fhort View, the Trade in General we may plainly underftand that thes Colonies can be very beneficially employed both for Great Britain & themfelves, without interfering with any of the Staple Manufactures of England, & confidcring the Bulk & End of whole Traffick, twere pity that any Material Branch of it fhou’d be deprefled on Account of the private End & particular Interefts which in Comparifon with thefe cannot Juftly be efteemed a National Concern, [or if the Trade of the Colonies be the Advantage of Britain, there is nothing more certain that the difcouragement of any Subftantial Branch for Ee? ee vis 69 191890 vical weer st | he ts nist Yo sbarT B Ariat ody 9 riod) eotdnits Abide etytetes® 4 ynie modgxt fegusioT Yateqa” sear) qlod yorlt o1sHW, ’ 009 Stor djiw sb T Yo sonal itd hi ‘Mobi ial eng ad 1 0}, baheeie — -no «ni wou: Sin eolteleD ‘sis ponies vldendleoy a ~1o) givit iwollet sax We dove as thie nintx€ dito moistib- lle & yea ods ved gifts asi V baainoh mes sijes vobibom = “2qqo) adod 170 eT pdt xi DP qe sda) Yo ened Yo aonstlell ort tooelae atsom yd ; noth 18 ‘git dove sO vat bo: boy dourn "ov — an: ada silw A ov sberT . > Dil nist ino Yomosl 44h bp 11 yd asinolas> Stods fin of gniline itor pa ae y- 4 nintivtl set) of Nuits 2fohA torso 10 noilled- ai biamien ohm A ni beinpos’ WUT r9dI0 Ys dsD> snoultrequa sda oredw invry mara eoitinwase Awol sdy Yo ono 10M ai doidw>;s9ieD fom . noiis(due a eyewls evinoloD- ods qood onesd aintinh s7hamhA lo viens) sf) swe nis off ndqu evinoloDiedT # fioV ody ni enotnenael? imgué ods ef stogqqué yudlleoon ne | mods woriw Siildue 100 beobai b'voosdoistwr eaibal OF yieinly ‘vse ow levenst) ai obaT odd wai noth eid? YA bo colgrits ilsisboasd: oy ‘od nz asinoloD esd: sad2 basfhobay 4 Miw gaishomi twodsive zovisimoedd & nist snow 101 diod i. ols ynissbilaos % baslgnd to emu BiuinM olqns@ oda to as | lst inDh verm Sls viq vrowy dois’ P sted to obad S doll bad sieving oft lo inWes5A no patna yd “yoni obeily div AoegiteD | ai their florea yo obarT di Wi 104 dnigenoD oath S1om yridion a orf jin ite it donsttl Isisnsdue” wa eh 218 Mifcellaneous Papers. the Sake of any Company or private Intereft wou’d be a lofs to the Nation. But in Order to fet this Point yet in a clearer Light, we will proceed to confider fome of the moft Obvious Regulations in the America Trade, for the rendering the Colo- nies truly ferviceable to Great Britain Regulations in x ‘[hat all the Produét in Colonies, for which the Manufac- age ture & Trade of Britain has a conftant Demand, be Enumerated amongit the Goods which by the Law muft Firft be tranfported to Britain before they can be carried to any other Market. 2 ‘That every valuable Merchandize to be found in the Eng- lifh Colonies and rarely any where elfe, & for which there is a Conftant Demand in Europe, fhall alfo be Enumerated in Order to affift Great Britain in the Ballance of Trade with other Countries, 3 That all kind of Woolen Manufa€&tures for which the Colonies have a Demand, fhall continue to be brought from Britain only, & Linnen from Great Britain & Ireland. 4 All other kind of European Commodities to be carried to the Colonies (Salt excepted) Entry thereof firft to be made in Britain, before they can be tranfported to any of the Englifh- Colonies. 5 The Colonies to be abfolutely reftrained in their feveral Governments from laying any Manner of Duties on Shipping of Trade from Europe; or upon saiinitais Goods tranfported from one Colony to another. 6 That the Acts of Parliament relating to the Trade & Government of the Colonies be revifed, & colle€ted into one diftina Body of Laws, for the ufe of the Plantations & fuch as ‘Trade with them. Suppofing thefe Things to be done, it will Evidently follow, that the more extenfive the Trade of the Colonies is, the greater will be the Advantage accruecing to Great Britain therefrom & confequently that Enlargernent of the Colonies, & the Encreafe ») atol « 3d b*uow, naib mx « mi toy Iniol ale 3 at min uoivdO fom sd) Io. penck gables: wloD ody geiebact seit if va i muna onli rH ta zis somone od ebasmeCl aru Shy 1 : i | a | whois ad Ait Awe wind oy ed foidw shiny wis tahoe pty ce sobs, serio yas 03 belamaied aso vadi owied nistiidh op, née5 god odt ni bowel od ot oibagdeae Mi, oldeulax prove ted Tg): nm a ; ei iad. doidw 10} B sails’ pio hours bas gineloD Mil -..caey obiO ai botesriund od Ole Medt eqou ni bases insfineD 5 aad aio dtiw aber T. 40 sonslladl, ada ni. aio. satin ie ed a aorta) coe ds doidie 101. sexnaiale disle et ‘~ bail Ie ral T. ae ee | nott mfguoid od o1 sunisoo fle beens s eved ainelboQg 3 hasiol 2 issn teat) mod gonail 2 -ylaovnianh home * | » hoigaso od, of eoitiboming?) sasqons ds Yo baal astio Ang) 3. copy), | : i aba od ot. dif tosodss and hesqooxe. n2) seals fee. . hilgad odz lo yne ot Semeur al me _— rca! aim ect en asinoloD: | ye ¥ gLOVS? iad ai. alee stati sd dis, od Ot. 20hme 2 Dini eens oe ae | niggidd no asiiv{l to, sonnghh ‘fon: roi ct eneiilala weowibisk | roqhind hyo Lentini ~~ 0 srineaicsinesesipesit = a Yer: sult o2 mgr 0 od? ks Billie. ah betinns 3 ad eae ols, thar es « tout 2 enoisineld od) Yo au ods. ad une petiyonnp cowed wrollot visas Hive. 3 ‘al one anit? Soin oissTg onl i eaistoloD on Aa shart: Sih } motisiod? niet a0: rhs ‘ lesa ort Sy nee, ads ton State of the Colonies in America. 219 of their People, would ftill be an Addition to the National Strength ; all fmaller Improvements therefore pretended unto, & fet up by the lefler Societies for private Gain in Great Britain or elfewhere, altho’ they might have a juft Pretence to bring fome Sort of Publick Benefit along with them, yet if they fhall appear to be hurtfull to the much greater & more National Concern of the Trading ufefull Colonies, they ought in Juftice to the Publick to be neglected in favour to them; It being an unalterable Maxim that a lefler Publick Good muft give place to a greater, & that it is of more moment to maintain a greater than a leffer number of Subjects well employed to the advantage of any State. From what has been faid of the Nature of Colonies & the On the Legifla- ref{triction that ought to be laid on their Trade, is in plain that oo none of the Englifh Plantations in America can with any reafon or good fence pretend to claim an Abfolute Legiflative Power within themfelves; fo that let their feveral Conftitutions be founded on Ancient Charters, Royal Patent, Cuftom, Prefcrip- tion or what other Legal Authority You pleafe, yet {till they cannot be poffeffed of any rightfull Capacity to contradict or evade the force of any Act of Parliament wherewith the Wif- dom of Great Britain may think fit to effe& them from time to time, & in difcourfing of their Legiflative Power (improperly fo called in a dependant Government) we are to confider them only as fo many Corporations at a diftance invefted with Ability to make T’emporary By Laws for themfelves agreeable to their Refpective Situations & Clymates, but no ways interfering with the Legal Prerogative of the Crown or the true Legiflative Power of the Mother State. If the Governors & General Affemblys of the Several Colo- : nies wou’d be pleaf’d to confider themfelves in this Light, one wou’d think it was impoflible that they wou’d be fo weak as to fancy, they reprefented the King, Lords & Commons of Great lak yoos Vi 29% Ae een 590 fanoitnV owort etme. towne “so abt | _ soifte], ni sigue yode GasinetoD ihvtsla : nae on ae gniod 1; phe oe ni pielgur buena aan soslq ovig fium boot) aeildu oso! 9 seit enielM-sldersaleay varmog 0 rience Oi Armee ston Yo a W sad < oF a ere oils ot ayolqmne flow Pid Yo odin SL 8 me ze oe. a ° aw yas Yo Niget oda a0, ott esinole®? 16 -siililV-vity Yo" bia vise wld aa : Ta a uf sult rinks. ni ei bart rind no bisl od ot ilgue ind? soiBinfier ~ | Pleat! olen yan drive nao odie’ oti mnoiamlt Milgia ols to enon rowod svirstigot | atulodA se mints of bavtng sonst yes Pud 6d “enoiwtiino invest sisds tol sede A; eovlstenods nidsiw ) ~gitsiet'l , mohvD tsi Inyo erermdD InsiotA no bsbawel yous ih toy ¢Siusiq: 10 hori AY isso edio° ‘vedo wo noid “90 Mibevitos os yeagsD Motegi’ ye ‘Yo beg vd tonnes ~ : “UW olds dsiwsisdw jasmnailisd to BA yas to ont od sbeys | of onnit snot mada Reif oa sik tniehy yam wisi asx Yo mob i ot ybsqoiqeni) vaw0" wisahige tT mttaer = pe oer vino mods vbities of a18 sw (nommaTave! od ilid A tloiw battovai cgrinagart a fe! eno asd? of sidasorga” eal | el diiw gaiishaini ayew on wd potsenylO Be ovireitigs t oui ort we Awoid”s 1 ‘alo invaveg'sity 46 vghdseanih j ese : otto titgisl eid ai zoviaimoits vebitioo 6: Ov 2k ss oo ” eo tad? 9 dior oq 2.2.0 Mifcellaneous Papers. Britain within their little Diftri€ts; And indeed the ufelefs or rather hurtfull & inconfiftent Conftitution of a Negative Council in all the Kings Provincial Governments has it is beleived con- tributed to lead them into this miftake, For fo long as the King as referved unto himfelf in his Privy Council the Confidera- tion of, & Negative upon all their Laws, the Method of appoint- ing a few of the Richeft & Proudeft Men in a {mall Colony as an upper Houfe, with a Negative on the Proceedings of the King’s Lieutenant Governor, & the People’s Reprefentations feem not only to Cramp the natural Liberty of the Subject there, but alfo the Kings Juft Power & Prerogative. For it often happens that very reafonable & good Bills, fome- times propofed for the benefit of the Crown by the Wifdom of a good Governor & at other times offered by the People’s Repre- fentatives in behalf of their Conftituents, have been loft, & the Enacting of fuch made impracticable by the Obftinacy in the Majority in the Council, only becaufe fuch Kings did not Square with their particular Private Intereft & Gain, or with the Views which they form to themfelves by affuming an imaginary Rank & Dignity above all the reft of the King’s Subjects. And as to the Security which is pretended that either the Crown or a Proprietary may have by fuch a negative Council, it is in Fact quite otherwife, for that Caution wou’d be much better fecured, if this Council was only a Council of State to advife with the Governor, and be conftant witnefs of all Publick Tranfactions, & it cannot be thought that an Officer who is not only under Oaths & Bonds, but anfwerable by Law for his Mifdeeds, & removable at Pleafure, wou’d in the Face of witnefles fo ap- pointed, contradi@t a Rational Advice, thereby SubjeQting himfelf to grievous Penalties, and lofs, neither is it to be fuppofed that thefe Men, if they had only the Priviledge of advifing, would oppofe fuch good Bills, or other reafonable Propofitions as they well know, they had no Legal Power to reje&, but while they Be iis at ont tale 10 abat aft boabat bi fale oh lisnuoJ) Svitégal z t nolmifine, -1103 bovisled -of tt anid etanovo Is ods en gnol ot 4% jie | -svobtino®> eft rine ti i RET : ~tniogqs to bots ait "sll ndls fis a [sion mat ; an ynolo) Ment s ai tlt febiort 2 NodoiA saz Ic 3. of} Yo egnibsssoxY odd to ovivege s fiw Swot tioliel: oat anoiningt: ‘tego ST “sles oe + sornveo reenact atgniBewinw — _ ‘fojdu2 ody Yo yrsdil teenie oa qamalD or yine Jen moding #9) ovitsgotarT % dove fel, equi ody ela tud yorad: © byl oma} ,elfill’ boog 3 aldsndhuwy yetow sad ensqqed noite 11 a to mobhiV? ody yd wor oP Yo thened ons 16r bRoqewy seminal rand 2" ajax? ony" ce bowie zeenir roto t¢ 3 tontewow boogie P60) ofa B Mol’ naed ‘syed arith vindt to Weded nivesviemdt’ 2 ino odd mi ye AHheO ond yd ydierimqmei obem Hout to-gnifsand cay s1supe ron Bib equi Hout Mesa yltto , lisnsoD sds niyehopeNe of owl v sit iiw 10 tis 2 Neteial orevir4 anfusitieg tied diigo 0) ris A uenigernt ts poirniieyd esvistorsdy of sidasidh Sed Asitfiwe bes es ba A efdaidna 2" anti A oft Yo fio odd Ihe oveda' agi, eo jaa 2) s 10 sword sdi titis ted bsbrrsre x ai Hoitw yiihwosd gilt OFT Ue : fel ni ei a fisnvoD ovibegsa's doult yd ove Yoon Geanqedt = > ‘a wbotwos) iiied doum od Biew noitae sail 10? Stiveisd46 otidip © gusts ot) oo otivbs 0! 1 St6te he virgin E Maing pedotbnomerith we “9G: Yshen id git siifoid® ti een tanta pet s | tery botogqul od’ ox a er’ ystbian Aol bow jesisten ST en0¥ bluove egaitivbs ‘to oybelivind ot ino sania ia youd? es enoititogort ofdandtest sorfto 40 jet iT bor fort yous olicw tud ee a iswod nye State of the Colonies in America. 221 find themfelves poflefled of a peremptory Negative, without being in any Sort accountable, for their Opinions, it is eafy to be imagined, how fuch a Power may be ufed on many Occa- fions to ferve their Private Interefts & Views in Trade, as well as to indulge the too natural Propenfity which Mankind have, efpecially abroad, to rule over and Opprefs their poor Neigh- bours ; befides an Artfull corrupt Governor will find Means by Preferment &C, fo to influence a Negative Council that knowing themfelves to be under no bonds or any other Valuable Penalty, to anfwer the Party agerieved by their Opinions, they may without Rifque proceed in fuch a Manner as to fkreen the Governor in many things, which otherwife he is perfonally & Singly bound to Account for, in a legal & juft way. If then a Council of State only to advife with the Governor, fhall appear in all Emergencies & Cafes that can be propofed to be equally ufefull & not attended with the inconfiftances, Ob- ftructions & Advantages of a Negative Council, the one feems to be much Preferable to the other, & more agreable to that Liberty & juft Equality which is eftablifht by the Common Law, amongft Englifh Men, & confequently lefs productive of thofe Grievances & Complaints which have been fo frequent hitherto from the Plantations. At firft View it will appear natural enough for an Englifhman who has tafted the Sweetnefs of that Freedom which is enjoyed under the King, Lords & Commons of Great Britain to imagine that a third Part fhould be form’d in the little Governments of the Plantations in the imitation of the Houfe of Lords, but if we rightly confider it, that part of the Conftitution is already moft properly & fully fupply’d by the Lords of his Majefty’s Privy Council; befides let us fuppofe that inftead of an Houfe of Lords in Britain, a like number of Sele&t Commoners were invefted with a Power to fit a Part & to put a Negative upon the Proceedings of the Houfe of Com- mons, confifting of Three times the Number of Perfons of * Yo nag andi i robilnos yladgin oy dt wd ain aad ~ittad Yo swokt ots, Yo. 0} botoqorq od.m89 duet ape 2 ainogmd Ls oi rq Med llove a aback ni coved balan dake «gia 4. 1009 | ‘sion. AsrggQ- bigs: 1940 colt on ; noiisoubA vats yd odw eagbal, eroted 2roywed ad7 to sonouliak oda woks yada ,soivi0d" say vol boitilen@, yseosetihal tudiatmec ods Bojer emit todso ta bas stud selusineg edt to enter doidw lsitieq od of oldsnilont a donol ode Yi yllsisogis slosiwes: ) ze & ; estnvoD bolster B won slodr ai ensqged-ngRo ood) = no bnsqob yAsids yuinweD yHe ai eoinsqotl BesinodibensM io ono 2i aids o2iflul Yo noiteritinionbA laupa be Isinegeni as ee saitomA to efiejdue adi doidw eonevenO airs Rom-odt G0 lo maw oni tot olidw awa (io; nisiqmas oF ued Shah, oven IsioM Yo ealgionivl ods nk noifsuvial woqorep pep rk nou sviat'o9 nove boitilsuG Haw dl: prienin wees jorks. ous7 amos) 41 srwinszibul’ to donsth = no BA ore Ne i Wh eaku ounsvsA insisihwe: 8 lixnw oe * ai o i Me = spear > =e arn State of the Colonies in America. 223 be found out amongft them to fupport the Charges of fending Judges from England to take their Circuits by turns, on the feveral Colonies on the Main, which if thought worthy of a Confideration will appear neither to be improper nor unpraéti- cable; & until that can be done all other Attempts to rectify their Courts of Lawwill be fruitlefs, & may therefore be Sut pended. Courts of Chancery which are known to be neceflary in many Cafes to correct the feverity of the Common Law, feems to fubfift there on a moft pernicious Foot; for it does not appear that there is a proper & Legal Authority to hold fuch a Court in any of the Colonies. Neverthelefs by Cuftom every where, fome kind of Chymera is to be found in fome Form or another, fo that where a Rich Man defigns to conteft any thing in difpute againft his poor Neighbour, if he can contrive to bring it into Chancery, ‘he is fure the Bufinefs will rarely or never be brought to Iffue, which on many Occaficns proves an intollera- ble Oppreffion wherefore ’tis hoped that fo high a JurifdiGtion iffuing imediately from the Crown, will in due time be put on a more Regular & Certain Eftablifhment. A Militia in an Arbitrary & Tyrannical Government may On the Mil- poflibly be of fome Service to the Governing Power, but we ‘Y Sensth- learn by Experience that in a free Country, ’tis of little Ufe ; the People in the Plantations are fo few in proportion to the Lands, which they poilefs, that Servants being fearce, & Slaves fo exceflively dear, the Men are generally under a neceility there to work hard themfelves in Order to provide the common necellary’s of Life for their Families, fo that they cannot Spare a days time without great lofs to their Intereft. Wherefore a Militia there wou’d become more burthenfome to the Poor People, than it can be in any part of Europe, But befides it may be queftion’d how far it would confift with good Policy to accuftom all the able in the Colonies to be well exer- (lifer -oF peaitit sod aud od: eeueah ee 2 abi od % 1“ 4 i ie : te) Mile! ut) fi ikaet Jrgae > bes an ti alee i ot evel oie doidw yrxsongdO: to a9 ‘am anon .wel nomimol) ove Ww. airevst art fdor102 peter Jon 220 ti 1a: J0@%% auoiolmaq- thom. sno, sounds Adda on 5 dout blod o1 vitor lagod % 19qo1q 8 eb-oradls sed? anaqge yiove mohuD. yd Aslediewe. .evinoleD oid, sagt a0 m0, omtet ni bavel.ed e8 ei sromydO tobnilamel ano | _ aids yous fener oF actgitob mehd, dois is. oodw dala ol radtons guid 0} syiuie>d nao-a W aweddgie¥ 100q eid Aaisge ssudlib wi ad ioven to vious Liw @eaied od? oul ei of prtonstD aint i -srtloini ng esyoug etahageO yasm ao doidw eilth oo adgeord” , hoi], « agid ol sede begod zis’ owlteredy noihsiqqO ald. 8.16 suq od omnis oub ab Mw yaworD sda agent yloasiboa geiwhi , draedidelcl wien, % reluged stom: od: nO YOM, Inatimteyvor LcoinmeteT: % wievidwA: ns. ai sili, wie eRe OH os yd ee guiarave> aiid of oobviedy omch to sd yidiltog | - RU sbail to ais’ pynaweD sof s ni soda sonsmaqe edt 09 noineqorg ni wat Oboe endiestonl silt ai’ algo ods ovale B 097s gated: ettawied indy, asitog. yaaa, Haider: bast - ihtsasn 8 wobaw yllstonag xp) molt) sda ecb eevitsors ah sommes orl obivorq ot rob1O ni aavldtmods basd gaeg@ tonana yods sad) i woilieaeD aisdd tol sti o eteuillt a i ++ Stow tiods-02 Aolassag sods sania ge pole s70rg omozed b'pow, arphrawer se oid tt, agonal, to, 918g, yak piivod ne sea iL wot bog daiw Silay? bluow ai sat -wod Bing -1oxs How odo? exinoloD “oth a ei en ee dermal ee 224, Mifcellaneous Papers. cifed in Arms, It feems at prefent to be more advifeable to keep up a fmall Regular ftanding Force in each Province which might be readily fora time if Occafion did require, & thus in Cafe of War or Rebellion the whole of the Regular Troops might be without Lofs of Time, united or diftributed at Pleafure, ' & if, as has been faid before, a fuitable Revenue abroad can be raifed for the Defence & Support of the Plantations, it wou’d be no dificult a matter both to form and Execute a Scheme of this Nature. On Taxes. Land is fo plenty & to be had fo very cheap in America that there is no fuch Thing as a Tenant to be found in that Country for every Man is a Land Lord in fee of what he poffeiies, & only pays a fmall Quit or Ground Rent to the Lord of the Soil, & this makes it impracticable to find an Affembly of fuch Free- holders in any of the Colonies who will confent to lay any Tax upon Lands; nor indeed is it to be expected that they fhou’d voluntarily agree to raife any Revenue amongft themfelves, except what is abfolutely neceffary for Erecting Court Houfes, Bridges, Highways, & other needful Expences of the Civil Government which is commonly levied upon Stock, an Excife upon Foreign Liquors retailed, or Small Pox Tax; & the Pub- lick there is generally in Debt, becaufe they are extreamly jealous of Attempts upon their Liberties, and apprehenfive, that if at any time, the Publick Treafury was rich it might prove to great a Temptation for an Artfull Governor in Conjunction with their own Reprefentatives to divide the Spoil & betray them. On their In- It muft be allow’d that a Share of Perfonal Intereft or felf spen’snY- Tove influences in fome degree every Man’s Affetions & gives a Natural impulfe to all our Actions; and tho’ this is moft per- ceptible in. Trade or Commercial Affairs, yet there is not any other Tranfaction in Life that paffes without it, & as it is with Men in this Cafe, fo we find it has ever been with all States or rN io ee 10 ful ai tad operisv BA yIeve -ouabnsgabal i qd bese e9qS eobonn yd qu badtaiey ighosait: vomit al ynoloD sto Vd bo ofoly: f Ils ni sips neowiod, eMidsit ylinucisnos ago noisalum ods BS xyvntl to auifhyboug abwe-ai . idortine A. Shuostsial- 40% na ni BubnoD etodionfess aoqu nicy of wod aote’D SF asiluo a f oe wb oily on Dine ih WA. alors: anes. Usiistu storm gai : “nisin —_ 0e Iniogge oF tnsinevines $d b'ywow 7 peg 38 erstlini aid 2 Aanituth odd Yo — sds rol bastgad ai aesmO weir mot cxtos yet» erolio th nen he eaoimmmeld sft of gaignoled ore engi A Duk per trods ¥ wo sishyenes o1 vstltio — tom zak yanigiT99 ass wer etlqgs ef, stedw I0 worl aol a va adit ni zaseninned Ysmoups a sud eifiai ods leet a o? s2ffO mot baste gaisd aid yd owt odd Yo noifunit {Ju0 mow stiup sd sonsinL 3% Yano gid drod! fin hearhe modi vig cbc eget loo9 ven ‘omnis ti — ria ere tool viowls jo soit oda. Yo noinigt ey ba. ott 03 g ei siads -stodw aj i botnsveiq ad of ylletete9 io-n) oved fi % 8 4% ,nokielL bare HOY 0% wlexol, a3 aoildut ois, ayaa on, aden bag or 228 Mifcellaneous Papers. This Performance thus addrefft to the King was prefented to his Majefty by the Author, & referred to the Lords of Trade & Plantations. Their Lordfhips fent Copys thereof to feveral Governors on the Continent; And the Following Anfwer was returned by the Hon,* Mt Gooch Governor of Virginia. M' Goocn’s ANSWER TO THE FOREGOING OBSERVATIONS. Some Remarks on a Paper tranfmitted into America, Entituled a Short Difcourfe on the Prefent State of the Colonies in America. with Refpeél of Great Britain — ‘ es 5 the Introduction to our Author’s Scheme muft necefla- A rily convey to every Reader the moft exalted Idea of his Majefty’s Incomparable Vertues; So the Subfequent Sheets will I hope appear with fuch a Face of Truth, as to create in every loyal Breaft a juft refentment againft the Malignity of a writer who has taken the Liberty to abufe fo much goodnefs by partial & unjuft Reprefentations of a Faithfull & obedient People; which no other View than by infufing grounle/s Jealoufies of their Condudt, to procure for himfelf an Employ- ment in the Management of that imaginary Revenue, which he propofes to raife by the Duties of Stamps on Paper and Parch- ment. To vindicate his Majefty’s good Subjeés in the Plantations from the unjuft Afperfions of this Author; to point out the particulars wherein he wou’d impofe long eftablifhed Maxims in the Government of the Plantations, as the effect of his own Twelve Years obfervations ; and to fhew the impraCticablenefs of this Scheme, full of Various & contradi€tory Windings, is the defign of the following Remarks, which fhall be profecuted in the fame Order & Method he has been pleafed to range them, that the World may the better obferve the Labyrinth this Pro- jector is leading us into. ot Sstealoq enw ania ods on oberT Yo ebtol oft of bax lsrov2 of barra ts iw twintA La cei sing To's 2UOITATARO OF » helutitn (porteth abe Beart ot vine — vi eo! “gate ‘BoGyN oF ~site3en Shain sinada2 2106 wih wo 03 epoch | sid Yo sabi baslexo four ofy — Ahi 03 prac ye aisoda imsupNdu2 of) of ana} 7 ttl S28519 OF as dunt to ig art 6 lo ywingileM ods Stniaga: # t icting | vd disnboog dowm.oh suds of eared Ast end odw iW msibado 38, Naldsin®l » Yo anoinamAeqo A Aujnu Meir dslnwory naiuiad yd nsclt, wai vedo om oe ee ' -yolqend as tUsinid rel smog 09 , HubnoD aborts to 20 - doidw sunevad yunigetmd amdo to snomagenaM ody ai inom — sie] bas biche no ati to me aula « Sim of : aa | Koaeien bax. enoisamnald ods ai eBiaidee seo ye aid 3 Yi z * fii : eal ata zai a = _trera eid had fefls ods 2 ae wae eo Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 229 On a Provincial Dependant Government. The Defcription he has given of a Provincial Dependant Government, fo far as it concerns the American Plantations, which were firft Seated by Englifh Men, & not fubdued by Conqueft, may be fully underftood, and the Dependancy of the Plantations on the Mother State is a clearly aflerted in the 5% Section of the Adt for Encouraging Trade made in the Fifteenth Year of the Reign of King Charles the Second; that this Author with all the Pains and Trouble he has been at, has really found out nothing in his long & accurate Obfervations in America, but what every one knew whofe concern & Bufinefs it was, long before he was born. Nor do his Majefty’s Minit ters entrufted with the Care of the Plantations, nor do the Inhabitants of the feveral Provinces themfelves need now to be put in mind of the Dependance the Plantations have on Great Britain ; fince every valuable Branch of the American Trade is fecured by Law from the Danger of being diverted into any other Channel, If therefore this writer inftead of laying down General Pofitions, which no Man ever denied, concerning the Original defign of fettling Colonies abroad, had pointed out the particular Provinces in which any Advantageous Projects are fet on Foot prejudicial with, & inconfiftent to the Mother State. he had done much better Service to the Publick, and more Juftice to the Plantations, than by leaving Mankind at Liberty to charge all of them with Praétices innumerable & incompatible with the Terms on which the People Claim both Priviledges & Protection. On a Britifh Colony in America. Here the. Author charges the Inhabitants of the Britifh Colo- nies in general with not underftanding the true End & defign of their Settlement in America, and what they owe to their Mother ir ; i ai ay iS a. pW oa oa Taal 8 ff a, fac Sa ace Hind Ssh» ' Bie : “iat oa “ees ee | A-ado anvvon09: 3.28 wt dbvettisene “bond, oo RE Sled “boaast i al? to youabasqo ody peat sje > odd ai bors teal dinvefti oft oi obnen Shey’ . sidy rade; badoeae oft ashe perewhna en and as asod asd sd ghduowT has enn de aan ni enoltmytadO sewage S. gnol ait a gnidion iyo b n Honitudl B meone, stoke woo SHO YIQVO- gadwe ‘sou tia, e'ySojabll did. oh wrod enw od oiotgr pie Br oda ob ton gnoitetiastt ato owD cody shiv howune eat ado) won. Bean eovidhinad esonivorS. lgtovdt ode Yo ematidednl mate) no aved enohtmuusll) sels sonsbnsyeC oly Yo besien ni. tug i bast’ T osphomA gd to doamll oldavlev ysva onl i oinind que Oi hagrovib. goiod Yo rspasC] 3d? noi? veal ft wok x gaiyas to. beable yotiow 2ida sudtotods TH: , - deatind edao oda gninwsoned , heinsbteve neh on toirve an | "pda. gue baraieg batt .beotds esinoloD grils): Ao ne “— rs ee ees sipeles = jo} 918 afdaiord avoopmaayb A yon dai ai @9: ave 21800 retool ods ox toofinoont B elaiw Bt b som. brs eAvildsT oil. of soivie® reid dounn ynedit 16 baitnsM gaivgol yd meds) ant i wie al! i" _ aldiasqmoont ¥ oldsromunni eq0i Bar doiw noe? fis sgusdo.on “ ncosainint ——— ean 2 jp oT ods diiw » he to vie Be bad pose au 3 rehioM visi oF 2wo “ fades ba 2.30 Mifcellaneous Papers. Country ; and endeavours to prove his Charge by the Inftruc- tions & Strict Prohibitions, which in many Points are daily fent from England to regulate their Conduct, In anfwer to this it may be fairly urged, that as the People inthe Plantations always have and ever will pay a due Obedience to all Laws made in England-for regulating their Condu, and all other Orders and Inftructions which the Crown thinks fit to tranfmit for their better Government, fo it is no fuch great Wonder, as the Writer wou’d make it, if fome amongft them remember that as Englifh Men, they have a Natural Liberty of purfuing what may promote their own benefit in fuch Matters as are not pro- hibited by Former Laws and Inftructions, We fee the fame thing done in England by many Private Perfons, notwithftanding all the Care of his Majefty’s Officers; but that the collective Body of the People in any of the Britifh Colonies in America have combined to thwart the Intereft of the Mother State, as feems to be under this Head infinuated is a grofs mifreprefenta- tion, an extravagant Conccit framed in his own Brain. It is indeed true that Inftructions & ftri@ Prohibitions are fent into America, & are frequently evaded where crafty and defigning Men have had the Dexterity to lead the well meaning Inhabit- ants into Schemes as much prejudicial to their own Intereft as that of Great Britain of which the Author can give a very remarkable Inftance in the Cafe of the Paper Bills ftruck in Penfylvania, but this ought not to be charged on the Plantations in General, If our Author had been fo ingenuous as not to have thought himfelf fafeft by being in the dark, he might have diftinguifhed by his Wife Obfervations thofe Provinces whofe Commerce and Government are truly adapted to the Proper End and Defign of their Firft Settlement; and pointed out thofe other Plantations which great Britain had fo much better be without ; for then on the one Hand, he had deferved the thanks of thofe, who ought si oe ‘Ae -outhal ors yd ogindD ail 9 pe aia cndt vlisb oan etioL ynsan | si aida oF Yowhtis al. \ibisal ‘tio 9 eyawls enditemall orf ni shpoe 4 ni obscn awatl Ils of: sont oil 3 ates mene bree exob1O) advo He bing | PrabseD rivits y riod? 20) dining ‘oF TR etnies, aworD ai dow a oy es robno WW sroty doit “om 2 ot ot (ints ; 2g dnd) todensira1 arsclt fignomme stash n Gi renee oy F inchw gaivhiug Yo yrodi I fowl « avid cots (cM, Milgat voditio dt” “O1g Jon we Be tye stoiedl tnd ‘sAoued nwo tieds somoxy your + pias ora adi ost 9 20} Suri how ewel ware yd batidid oe % ne wiott Me steviil inka yd baslga Ai snob gees. sie iPollos sd} mdz sud pM eyfisial eid to oie), sft Ugo 26s. f; eiaihi itt avinofod chisivel ‘olf Yo Pak nth sigosd only: Ao ybotl Rgeet en ote 190M ody Yt favs ‘oils srewdd OF benidmos ovad’ ae wae -eindisiqailim aorg 8 a bornumita! bal eidy sob od o2 amas 18 ei. wml neve sid int beoottaett tig9noD Inkgevetixs rie tela | boqupent om 14%) san esoiididert Raid enol urhal sel? sunt. beobai ai pe gningisb bax en orsdiw’ belay ybneupent on einer | ~TidKtyl x gainese H iw any bent oo gl yond oil) Bad boomers i y bal foxoaad awe, Hol? O32 Labod wry dou Be gona viav & 9vig 169 sodA ily Hoirdw Yo. nisin ait 7% ni aout allifl toga 247 Yo SD Sy at steel! mt ism enoiseinal aly no ie ruerd nel of Jon er saphes . | tguerd?s ovad of 30m. 26 Juba ena badlivaniftib oved dyin od. aliab ods nti yet xd ana bas sovommoD stodw errnivor't aiod? enonevisdO sti to regis] bas bad seqovd odd oo barqebs lis enoisineld todo slodd, 10 basaieg ‘bas’ eh it ott no nods aol 3 ivoriw od wited oes a nt pis: idouo ow on ‘Yo aleiedds ody leech Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 231 not only to have been thus treated by him, but carefully nouvifhed by their Mother Country ; And on the other hand he had given the difobedient and ill difpofed Provinces opportunity to fet themfelves Right in their Sovereign’s Opinion. But while he is intent in turning Topfy Turvy long eftablifhed Conftitutions in Colonies well regulated in point of Government and Trade, nor with, but againft Reafon; I fhall be content to leave it to every impartial Reader to Confider whether the Inhabitants of the Plantations have not reafon to fear his ill meaning towards them & that no Government will be allowed to be well regulated but what is the Ofpring of his own Inven- tion, which how confiftent it is with the Trading Intereft will appear hereafter. On the Advantages arifing ta Great Britain from the Trade of the Colonies. This contains a pretty juft enumeration of all the Advantages accruing to Great Britain from the Plantation Trade; And his Arguments for obviating any difcouragements this “Trade may receive for the Sake of any Private Intereft, are no doubt moft true, and Conclufive, This is a Priviledge of Writing every honeft Man may lay claim to, and gives the Reader Encourage- ment to hope, that for the future he fhall be on better T’erms with the Writer, but alfo in the next Paragraph, after having made ufe of the beft Means for his Information he again follows the Dictates of his own Confcience & Underftanding. For by Regulations in the Plantation Trade ’tis firft to be remembered that all the Regulations mentioned by this Author as fuch as have been Eftablifhed long fince, either by Acts of Parliament or the Kings imediate Authority, except the Fourth and laft, and thefe require fome Animadverfions, Under the Fourth Regulation he feems to exclude the Plantations from the Liberty they enjoy by the Aé&ts of Trade of Importing Pro- “NO. 0 ae e .. rh, Ips -UMOLIBOHGS LO ylluivares sind anid “+ ‘od brisil sortie G landed yur) @qoT serorcitrvovow) Yo slog ti Here! os of shines od fled) E sakes Shea d, ‘sd “dso robitao! badiieonptas ? ray pert ¥ shat: sane alin 8 ee a « yige vpn o YN sevewteled sit’ adh onic evaninevbA srt Ile Yo noldewoniuns Slusj pio a 2 int 9 zi aiff baA : shai T noitaaaalt ei mort atl nye ef 1697 r vem obert aid) ein gunn iv iE RAs Nom Wiuob on oi fhoroinl arevinL yas Yo adad 2 a yieva enhinW Yo sgbolivist mal aid T bng ~oqiwiorad robsaA arly gavig bas 02 mists yal ’ engi! waxr0d no ad Mt od oust Phas Apt ; ool nisoe ‘ss pisses eid wh ansoli gnibssfhiobaUna mITOD 0 od of flit ety" sbaxT notes giddy sal rodivA vith yd bonsitem anoinsl shes dy Yo 2BA yd rodiis Sanit gaol vodbilda Ah ¢ Hiasot ‘orkt dqo3x0 vhodipA abeibount es 3f oft r9baU enoisvbemink. end oni a : | od? mowt enopenisht of) sbulo: Sof v4 ing Yo sar 40° ee ) . ro) 23@ Mifcellaneous Papers. vifions from Ireland, & Wine from the Maderas and Azores, and will allow only only Salt to be brought directly to the Plantations without Firft being entered in England. But as thefe are neceflary for the Plantations, and no way Interfere with the Trade of Great Britain; it is to be hoped that the fame Liberty willbe {till continued, and if ’tis thought an In- dulgence, that fome of the Plantations at leait deferve it. The laft Regulation mention’d by our Author is the Collecting the Acts of Parliament relating to the Plantations into one difting Body; and this may be faid to be all his own, for who does not know that the prefent Secretary to the Commiffioners of the Cuftoms fome Years ago made very exact Collection of all the Laws relating to Trade which any concerned in the Plantations may eafily purchafe, and many have before this Author difcovered the ufefulnefs thereof, fo that ’tis not of fuch mighty Importance as to give occafion for an immediate Addrefs to his Majefty. On the Legiflative Power. Under this head the Author has couched an invidious Infinua- tion as if the Aflembly in the Plantations pretended to an Abfolute Legiflative Power within themfelves, & thereby pre- fumed to contradict and Evade the Intent and force of the A&ts of Parliament of their Mother Country, than which nothing can be more falfe and unjuft, And ’tis hoped that the Lords Commiffioners of Trade (under whofe Confideration ’tis {aid this wonderfull Performance lys) will have the goodnefs to Vin- dicate his Majeftys Subjects of the Plantations from fo foul an Afperfion which might otherwife render the beft of Subjedts (1 fpeak only of fome Colonies) very juftly to be fufpected of their Sovereign, But had this Authors Obfervations been conceived under a more Aufpicious Planet, it wou’d have been needlefs for me to tell the Reader, that not any of the Plantation Aflern- blies ever pretended to contradict the Adts with which the owtisial ow on. bas, notin ods i oda asda boon od 09 efeairg i onl ae ifgueds at Ui pi i Wit n | . ofl... ti svisieh Steal: pie ae lene wr of) griftolloD, ait ei rodamh, see yd pac oa aan | Haihibh ono, omi enoiimisl ads 02 gnitalor, momsitied YoeBA esob. ow vob.ewe aid, te ad op bial od yarn aids. bas; ybofl.. . oft Yo 2vedoiltimmoD ogis od yIRIeI992 idiot ort sxe won tom, ‘ed odt lis lo noifdelloD exo yy obem ops esa Sen aaa ail snoisiaald aid ai bomesnes yns doidw sbsiT 01 gnitshers “> ae - peeike i bersvooib ida A aid? soled syed yeiorn bag stadowug lites yore gee a ; — sonarogma) idgion dowd to som eis’ gars ot domed) dogivtsu ad 7 +s a | Pisin idl of dorbbA sasthomeai it t0t noiss20 ovigovas a wi “count ygitmiigsd sdb si lee irae, 2 pone aucibived ns bodavo9 ead roduA ody boo sil aba nk ot boebmaisiq enoirsml ots ci vidersthA., baad Yi 28 NOM, -orq ydoieds & covisheyatla midtiw vowel ovitshigaL omididA» eA, ort to.o0%0) bas togoek ofp obey bow, Sibsvag2 of bowl yitidien. doigay smal auiaoD rorlsalvh wos, eo saomsilisl Wry. ebro adi sed boqod. eit bad. . dtujow bas) silat tals bist ais’ noimobiaoD Rtodw aoban), ebarl to e19m 5 -ni¥ of cionboog ott? ovad. Hing (yl. 3OM ia, ng uot ob est enoiagaal’t odo do, ‘Bs | it ses as - tiodt to mires 1 Q3 we gov (eo si NOt Sm bovisnmas s naed basictiiiin raoritud ied B. gia tates sas a Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 233. Parliament of Great Britain have thought fit to affe@ them, well knowing that the Authority which they derive from the Crown expreffly prohibits all fuch Endeavours, nor are they Ignorant of it that all Laws contrived by them, and tending to that purpofe wou’d be vain and ineftectual ; Since by the Statute of the 7° & 8® of King William all fuch Laws as are repug- nant to the Adts of Parliament therein mention’d or to any other Law thereafter to be made in England relating to the Plantations are declar’d Nulland Void. But yet with this Author’s Leave, the People of the Plantations conceive they are poflefied of a Legiflative Power, properly fo called, by Virtue of their Char- ters, & the Royal Grants, which enable Governors with the Advice of the Council and Affemblies to make Laws and Or- dinances, for the good Government of their Refpective Pro- vinces; under this Reftri€tion, that fuch Laws be conformable to the Statutes of England; and this Power the Plantation Affemblies have exercifed from their firft Inftitution to this time; not as fo many petty Corporations at a Diftance, but as Communities deriving their Authority from the Crown. “Thus they have in the refpective Provinces eftablifhed Laws for regulating Proceedings in their Courts of Juftice; they have fettled Titles to Lands, and declared Slaves to be real [itate ; and have made many other neceffary Rules for fecuring the Properties of the Subject avreeable to the particular Circum- {tances of the feveral Colonies; which are far different from the Nature of Temporary By Laws made by little Corporations. And it is the great comfort of the Inhabitants in the Plantations that thefe very Laws of theirs have been from time to time approved of by thofe Minifters of the Crown, fet apart for that Purpofe, who have had as much at heart the legal Prerogative of the King, and the true Intereit of the Mother State, and as much Capacity to Judge of both, as this Writer can ‘cape to with all his Twelve Years remarks. Gg" " way hua y aa) Pes as Ya > an ; by wre i 7 ut " ! | iy & Hsia pst és “~ 166 alt? mon’ ov iiob 9 tt: yoda 38 Yon ail avesbe ot anibast bax , ray Miettiied! wack Th 913i ili yd Se {bw Bafont bas is ris ) -YUqo1 916 2s ews oat ie: eli Wy gait Yo“ SZ. iy bith yan oF 10 B® coiaevin ito weserisilteT 2A ) " of ins enobaill of3 08 yairals basigad oi Sbact 5d oF a9 Sy aw EDT HO nf eo ait ditive 30 y nA BV bri Hut Bhs laob 3 om &« lo beltsttog ova qtr e¥iexao> acobarisl Lady To. ale ‘ To (ly ay tem) io 4 fn ag balica of ¢hoqoid’ aowod avi re ody diiw eiontevou widens doteles amie Iayos ott it) heva awl aden a? golidinsh A’ bax liso arty Yo: . ; OnE svidsaqio A ries Yo eetarnisvor” bog? sit” ot er sldrmioties od ew Hout 3 Tei3 -101 ifdiadts ST wid qoban eoniy _ ie . i*j Tadd bos : bnalgn at Yo aorurme ora on a ae nr ~ we : AOUKIAEIL SAI Gh. as i ids oF coisntfind Aww weds mo’ bstiotexs oved eoilder SRA a an dud oon) nicl «Ys UH gogo) YItoq yam ol as” jon qoroi he ir word od mot yi Holte.A vipedls gnivinsh asiviaummoD br ; 4ot dvreD bsd Vitis aoa tl: ovifiodiot elt’ tei ‘ved seodr re owed yori rsoiflel YW eho ety ne egaibosort goinaloges i $5 ¢ eS lon od ed aevnle biialoaby: bes yebnad of askitT balsa a bf oi giiwod Wht ‘lus vilitozart wile yan shen ‘svsdt bs ! ey -utiO> ishesitieg odd 09 olday vgs Fiyidue ory to! asin gor he iow) moTsHib ast ote ‘oder ; exingleD Ime) silt to a9 30 ast sestolseroqno') alanil rlbogreag arin pe ate ~—— no 2.34 Mifcellaneous Papers. But the Author refolving to go thro’ Stitch when fticking at Foundations, proceeds to reprehend the weaknefs of the Govern- ors and General Affemblies in the feveral Colonies, who fancy that they Reprefent the King Lords and Commons of Great Britain; but this is a weaknefs to which the Author himfelf was once Subject;"and as fuch might well have Spared charging it on others, who to be fure hada much better Title to fancy themfelves the King’s Reprefentatives. However the Governors of the Plantations undoubtedly are now much obliged to him for fetting them right in this particular; for indeed it has been hitherto a general received Opinion that a Governor having the Cheif Command of a Province by the Kings immediate Com- miffion; did in that Capacity reprefent the Perfon of his Royal Maifter; And we have heard of a Governor in a certain Province who took it mortally ill to be told, he was not the King’s Reprefentative, tho’ at the fame time he acted under the Authority of an old Woman, the Proprietor. But ’tis to be hoped that fuch weaknefs will not hereafter prevail among fuch Governors. "Then as to the Aflemblies fancying themfelves to Reprefent Lords and Commons, it would be an unpardonable weaknefs fhou’d they pretend to it, but this Writer willfully I fear, miftakes an Endeavour to imitate fo great an Example in the Manner of Proceedings in a Legiflative Capacity (a weaknefs very pardonable) for a Vanity of afluming this Power, which wou’d be wholly inexcufible, but it is an undoubted Truth, that the making a Law by the Governor, Council and Reprefentatives of the People in the Original Eftablifhment of the Plantations in General founded on their Charters and other Royal Grants, _and has never been complained of, either by the People them- felves, or centured by thofe Lords to whom the Crown has - committed the infpection of the Plantations. Thofe who are Strangers to everything may fancy what they pleafe, by the Strength of which our Author proceeds to a " wtih sa ob avo odd 0 ah qyortst ody ssicoled | t ro Yo acomeng. bag ehh Usonid rods, ods doll abi daatins' & a asia ‘Sa oe gnigteds borage oved, How sdyinn dow 2m, bitte Bajdue > : “4 qonst o2 oliT seated ‘doynt Bad gual od 01 odw. pase Wir xo yoO adi isvewold gowlnstnoio igs A e‘gai Al odd asyiotersda!) wat ieee omit of beyilde doum. wea aie yiboiduobau anoibmasl] gf9 Yor) oe 7 nosd eed ti betbai rot ; xelmpioxey vids oi adigh orode gainsnot ae)” ol? dived yomsvod) s iady deiaigQ bsvioze: Imensg a onsditdeem) -io) oibome|sl egnidh sai gd apniver, x 20 basemeD YedD» amy lsyvoH eid % nohiod sds iighertqay wiseqs) jad9 ai bib) zetia, a nintioo. | m&- (AERO ORD & to. frinod oveds ow bak: ite. pee f, on? jon egw a chlor vd vet Mb ylinsiom: 4h door odw oaniverT fare | oy isbew bee od: senit Se ods tH odd avianidisigeAd agai. ov Wn od ot ait’ ail 2osoiggnh pela efi WE blo cade yinodioA . ih ‘oul gnomes lievor isaered. jor Miw Asnadesw dow iedi boged — o7 eavisineds gaigunte eoihdh A, ods oem agd'T | arom ae odenohaquey nie od blow aA spnionnrn0) bie. abiol pte | T vllwiiliwe a9 We inlay) aad ai en basioug nods b'vod)..dlendsav), geist Lancing ee seis ok ae Ob THO VRE | pe eodsflin py hye cath ae. ep Re dlondeows 2) yrionqe) oviehignt 9 i squibasount. ene bs : Bie ‘oie cowed eds ghimulle to ian Ys 16% (oldsnotneqey , sad rho budvobuw sie eh sud ld dyoxoat lodve odt eovunmneioiqon bas fioaveD Aguiavo). ods yd walks idgen-odd. anciimisnalS arts Yo mocehilde lA leniginO,, ody oy sig ao ab ah einen var tario bas’ ave haisiid HQ eae . : , | ysl seth pnt sail is talaiacdls one saul & ot aren rodinA awe oem io Z| Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 235 Negative Council as he calls it, and this Negative Council confifts of a few of the richeft and proudeft Men in each Colony, here he is happier than perhaps he thinks of, for there may poflibly be one Man more in the World which thinks as he does. But pray Stare the Richeft Men in a Country for that Reafon the leaft fit to fhare in the Legiflature, or are they lefs Capable of Confulting the general Intereft of Community in which they live, or lefs concern’d for fecuring the Liberties and Properties of a Free People? And as to the Juft Power and Prerogative of the Crown, can they be more fafely trufted in the Hands of the People’s Reprefentatives, than in that of a Council who owe the Rank they hold to the Kings Favour, and are removable at his Pleafure? But, I had almoft forgot, it feems thefe Rich Councellors are proud too, and therefore unfit to be entrufted with any Power of Legiflation; Surely this Ingenious Author might without Twelve Years Obfervation have found out that there are many Men not very Rich that have an equal Share of Pride with the moft wealthy, And fuppofing that the Council of the feveral Plantations were modelled according to his Scheme, and all the Rich Men ex- cluded, cou’d he imagine that their Succeflors wou’d be more Capable of Serving the King, and promoting the true Intereft of the Colonies, than thofe they fucceed? or will they be lefs liable to the Vanity of afluming to themfelves an imaginary Dignity & Rank above the reft of the King’s Subjects? ‘Thefe are very uncommon Obfervations nor cou’d I have beleived them to have been the Author’s own, had he not extravagantly infifted upon them beyond all Sence & beyond all Truth. For he gos on and tell us that thefe Councellors are to be only a Council of State to advife the Governors, Kifum teneatis, Amice, and be Soiemn Witnefles of all Publick “Pranfactions, and a moft notable fecurity they muft needs proves, when the Author owns that an Artfull corrupt Governor wil! find Means es eknids WSidw ated 2 énnlltg M sno’ od yh 10? yitweD # nb fol) AodoiS. ode eens A yous orn 10 sureliganl gay ni sect opm High’ = | yiictumimoD Yo Toveml teensy olf iinet No oagi ta vy a eorradil sly gatas te) b'a1s9003: abel 10 only hd y : a : yor fut oly of ‘ee: bmA { slqosl govt ws delelagiell bas a a ‘ boflusy Gist green sal) hyoilt ans iworD od? Vo ovimgoterd bas. ree : a to 36d) ni nad? wovidelmdergo ST e*slqoed ods Ioebasl oft at of, +O bne tvoved egai A sede ae blow me adnad ods owe oftwlionuoD ee P pogiet forle bat Tet ‘ottiolT eit ae shdevonien oie A Sian swtesd?' bag Oo bison: St: erollsonueD doit sed eenssh’ ae Hdd ylorwe { roushigod to rowo4d te diiw bofenas od of oe noitavisidO ass oview'T svodtiw idgim’ 1dwA eudiggal jeri? doit yiev jon as’ yar oth oid? ted) sheBaeot owed bnA” ydilnow flor oat din obiv Io Side! [sups? te ovetl orw avian!) Leayet ody Yo liompoO sd ged geRoqqul: 49 ‘IM Mot ft the bite enorio® eid 98 yaibyoiosn ballebom sion 9d b'uow 21ohstoue yor? tact anigemi of b'yoo ,bobuls Roisin] sui oft gnitorong bas gail ods gitiviee te aidaqnD) - gral od yor Hiw 46-9 besos’ qodr ‘Stodd natly e2noloD st Yo ; qietigem! ns eovishitedd o2 ‘ontimults io" “qiusV dion ofdsil a Sod T {ePofdue e'guiA Sify Yo for ody sveds Mae Dying a = bavislod svat 1 Bixoe4on anoitavistidO” nommooty Yiov 91B (hinkgevinixs' jon sit bed Wo od A: odd ipaeh vai 0x mod “sof cefoun'T Le Broad “2 sons® Ihe bnoys a ln od” oF Sue ‘wolliruoD ods add ew tisy bo ao “aiasnor ati Gevormved odds" ‘Stivbs es * 2 aioe Soild ‘tis Yo edtisnsi Jol odd sodw evvoiq ahesa Dim (oth west yi Peet ae Nw: vowrisv6Dy = i 2.36 Mifcellaneous Papers. by preferment, &C, fo to influence a Council, rich and proud too, that they fhall fkreen a Governor in many things, which otherwife he muft be perfonally bound to account for in a jutt and Legal Way. May not then this new modelled Council of State from which all Rich Men it feems are to be excluded be as liable to the like Influence as the Councils now Eftablith’t, and may not their neceflitys rather difpofe them to be bribed by Preferments into finfull Compliances, than thofe whofe Eftates fet them above fuch a Temptation? And may not thefe New Fafhion’d Coun- cellors have as great a natural propenfity to Rule over & Opprefs their poor Neighbours? Undoubtedly they may! Nay are Subject to the like Temptations and paffions with other Mea, and perhaps more, fince ’tis probable they may meet fome Oc- cafions to indulge fuch Paflions, for being no further ufefull in a Government than to look on while the Governor and his lower Houfe of Affembly are tranfacting the Publick Affairs of the Colony ; befides, they may foon fall under the riducule and contempt of their Fellow-Subjects, and by that be lead to make revengefull, Returns expecially when a corrupt Governor may find it for his Intereft to join in the Oppreffion. But while the Councils in the Kings Provincial Governments - are as liable to be removed as the Governors themfelves, and that if any of them fhould obtftinately oppofe any Law prepared in the Affembly for the Publick Good, or the Intereft of the Crown, a good and watchful Governor wou’d find means to take from them the power of doing further Mifcheif, there is no Danger to the Crown or Mother State in preferving the prefent Conftitution. And as to the Proprietary Governments, {eeing thofe Proprietors themfelves from their own perfonal knowledge, or from the Recommendation of their Lieutenant Governors, have the Nomination of the Council in their Refpective Pro- vinces, and have thought fit to entruft fuch Council with a MO doid " mort usd’ 0 lis 9 bisllabom wot iabdSitee a bv oail oe? 03 akdail 2B otf ne ie od 0) it aenod 9 rol é atl riod? gon yarn bre tilda wort alizaned: ‘od es | wanes: ssi oni waocarstetd yd badixd $# of mods Slodtib: rodsat ayril : oad f avods marods ‘sol equaled A thodw Rods aad arannilginiaD . pi - -nvo) b'n oialhs ait wolt sted tom yno heel 4 aoimaqgeneT a danll te ra niqqO> dre slid, 02 \aibnaaporg q lswisn &tastg emoved aolldadi> id SIR waits 1 sy anuent youl? yiboodwabe: { awodily io 100%} viods © ery mie nol, rerio daw enol poses arsiteiqniaD saif oils oy fosjnbu@ > > ye -20 senol toon ys yorlt oltimdoug aq xia" sont mom agarliog bing a fi ” > ni stele sortrivt on ge ‘a to) ,2cioilt pe dost oglubal of gnoiea: Ps ti wol aid bris tontsvor) ade shihw no id lon cast ape arvo8) Ay el a 943 to enshaA toildyd > ore gmitonkier 218 vidersitA, tor ttwoH - see oe q bas sluawbi yort agbay a aoc) ‘sen vaets eobitod baneuactie er a 4 stam ot-baal od sada yd ben ahs) idud-wolls drtiods to Iqen9I09 ie — yom tosis yor) i {OT > w erotloe yiisissqxo anmieA (li isgasvet A gute = ) snoittoigG’®) sda ai cio} os fisroand aid 40h ti bri re eA DATTAT AS rom (giantess, agai oda ni eligewoD ola ohidw ro a f hey rene 8 bas 2ovishmad 210n13¥0) ott. ee 0th 8 ad: os sidsil es om a . ORGS IG wal vw LR Shox igo. yhoo jenidido bluod} raed Yo ys: eT reel? ins ae ont tet to wind oy 40 dood: Avitdu : sel aot, elem sia ort ob ve 0} engom bait -b'sow WHI luidossw. has boog. « aword 4 vhs | on ai arodds diod iM ssdawt grok to TaWwOq oda surly mote 8 ete inslerqad? gaivisieng. ai sae wdiolt oe nword sda on be gnisd) inomarvou) usrsingord orld. or ee bah, - ctoinmaid gh eiviond landhieg nwe riod, saort ovis | #00) sasassusi rots | Io cw its r nse 100: Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 237 Share in the Legiflature as a neceflary Part of the Conftitution, it wou’d be hard to deny them this Check on their Deputies, when the People themfelves of the feveral Provinces have never complain’d of any Inconvenience from this Eftablifhment. On the Civil Yurifdiftion. However unintelligible the Civil Jurifdiction in the Planta~ tions may be to fome who are altogether unacquainted with American Affairs; Yet if by Civil JurifdiGtion it be underftood the Adminiftration of Juftice in the Courts of Law, I will venture to pronounce that the practice of thofe Courts is exactly fuited to the Circumftances of the Refpective Governments, and as near as poflible it can be, conformable to the Laws and Cuftoms of England. It is hoped the common Law of Eng- land will ftill be acknowledged as the Birth-right of every Subjeét in the Plantations ; and as to the Englifh Statutes which do not particularly mention the Plantations, tho’ made fince the Settlement thereof, there was never any difputes in the Courts of Judicature whether they were binding on the Subjects of the Plantations, becaufe the Refolutions of the Judges in England have determin’d that they are not, If any fuch partial Judges are to be found in the Plantations, who allow the Force of the Englifh Statutes in one Cafe, and reject the fame in another, the Governors are much to blame for continuing fuch Judges: And admitting there may be fome fuch in the Inferior Courts, yet while the Supreme Courts in each Province are filled with Men of Integrity, good Sence (for the Truth will out in fpite of our Author) and a Competent knowledge in the Laws (tho’ they are not all of them profund Lawyers) the Subject will not be much injured, thro’ the Ignorance of Inferior Magiitrates. That the People in the Plantations are fo deftitute of proper Inftructions in Principles of Moral Vertue, as to unqualify them rovon Svbd Panny cate 3 OSU aitly cao ccasianed laa aes Titi OS ad) yeh vale hy se NLA U iad. > oF yak mao * Weve HO EP Jha” aXe av ws ain k?, ie 2 ae wemalinie i soit, livid ods sldigillaniay. xovswoH cei iw -boinisupossny redltggosla o18 odw ocndh 1, byainenit boottobres od, 3i oi Sibiu, livid.yd Yi a¥ 2 e2ieA, nehomA iw I: .wet. to arg. ‘ot ni ooifiul, oe sobaitiniabA only a ines 2: 20100. Rodd Ye soifdsrq, sda iad? soquonong ot sunny "4 waarmee vew) oviPaqiest outa lo. esonedtenusiQ oda, 0) betist i bas ewe od).o3.2ldenmmgiaoo. od aap aidiliog, eS Vaonen baw. ee x -gndl towel nommae ete boqod. sil: baslga dd to atnofiuD i yove lo. adpin-dtudl) edit as boebslwortalos od. Uist Liv, baal doidw assussie dtilgnd adv ep on bas; enoitsnsll adapt Bojdes. a sf} sont obsm ‘ody aepiaindl!T orlt noisanen yvhielonizieg ton ob ‘ a annua odi ui estuqiih yas avon. eaw,syods (logsods. near | al? to aBdopdued ods et qnibrid oaw youd yodsodw SAIS ID EY, 20 baslgncl ai 2ogbal, dele Yo anoltulole A odd Slussed. noisny oes ij » fi eoubiad, iste lout: yo Hh got ors. yoda inl? baie ovnd . ore 3 ol) Jo s910% odt wolls odw enoiastnald! ods sibnwod ad of 918 rodioas ni cena ody opr bas oe ona mi enquisid, Milgnd us »eaybul, dow yaiunimes wi omeld os doum 2s onisvol) odt eo) . a0 jonstal, odz nidodt omabyed you sods i ~ ee -daiw Lali o1¢ ooniverL dons ni enueD mosque ods olidwixg 88 giigt ni sao. Hin dant oly vot) apt hoog ¢ | ‘ouds) ewal od ai sghelwond snsxqmod is boa (a ae jon liw Rejdue: adifetsywasl badiong anad3. to Mla | peratys tohanl Ae sonmongh ot ‘ols bowipsi da vxqoig yo: sausiBob Ohare: peered sri Ke good . ens ese of bs wort bata 2.38 Mifcellaneous Papers. even to ferve upon Juries, much lefs to fet upon a Bench of Judicature, is an Afperfion no lefs fevere than untrue. Many of the Natives have had their Education in England, and others born and brought up there are now become Inhabitants, and without any reflection upon this Author it may very eafily be made appear that there are Numbers in the Plantations that underftand the Principles and Practice of Moral Vertue as well as himfelf (efpecially if paying a Man’s Juft Debts be reckoned a Moral Vertue) & fuch as the People would as readily chufe to be tried by either as Judge or Jury; But as this noife about the Civil Jurifdiction, as he calls it, is only defign’d to forward his Scheme of a Revenue, for which fome ufe muft be found out, & as one is the maintainnance of Judges to be fent from Eng- land to take their Circuits by turns thro’ all the Provinces on the Main (which no doubt would prove a very extraordinary means to expedite Juftice, as Four of 1500 Miles being but a meer Trifle) with a very wanton Pen, he at once difqualifies all the Inhabitants in America, from ferving as Judge or Juror. This Argument if there be any thing in it, equally proves that they alfo ought to be fent from England, for what can his Judges do, if there is not a Jury to be had that underftands the Princi- ples of Moral Virtue. It is therefore humbly hoped his Majeity will be gracioufly pleafed to continue the Courts of Juftice under the prefent Eftablifhment, until the People themfelves find it inconvenient, or are provided with fome better means to fupport the charge of other Judges than what this Schemift has yet contrived. He next proceeds to confider the Courts of Chan- cery, and fays, there does not appear to him a proper & legal Authority to hold fuch a Court in any of the Colonies; but herein he is again much miftaken, and fhou’d have taken Care to inform himfelf a little better, becaufe ’tis very certain than in many of the Colonies, Courts of Chancery are eftablifh’t by Adis of their Affemblies purfuant to their Authority derived %» rer) R A091 whee a vital | ery nd) ora par ban -bnatgad. ai noitgouh bas eineidedal paneqod | ae ‘ od ylilso yrov yam 3 rod AS its moqu naif Rs rede enoiminald ons ci rida: 26 sedi. pon c ; low en outa V sto Yo satan bus eolqionn sy bath bau bonodza1 od etdal Mula ‘on. ® priysq ti (llsioodts) Used DS 03 Suds ylibss z6 bls low alqoo oud en chow D (ows1e Vi le i. ne nas ody juode sion wind oe dust ; veaurl, no ogbiwl, as “yorlsis ve Bile. od ancl biswittit of b nail ob lites wat th dile> od en noifibitinal Tv te jo beual sd Susie Shy siete ct Wdidw vot satlatibes & to smerind' sce ag ond mort dist sa) oF bet Yo a oenriieinisn. oa 2 SQ vem he - pod, 7 “ > no eadtivonL gry ie * ‘ods enrmes yd emi ti DS tists ooled. 03. baal. i Dae nibiomk yisy s Bv07g blue sduob om dois) aiehll ors: bec s sud onied eoliht: 9071 is your ex ,ooidhal, “re 0} 2nescm . deat : Se = sa : re F Be la eofileumib sono ts od a Linoiew yov s diiw(elitT seems: owl] ssi ae gaivinl mo so eel ai easndadal ody matls zorvrongytlesmps ai ni guide ye od 97 ods ti msenugsA eT. bel — ae fue | wir EQ psig Wt iB rts Jon ert Tok acd Oa regio ole: eed x ing ~joniid 94? abanttesbow gers ‘lheaall od ot il, Jone suede Y gob. a, hopali a hides qld Jenael opemorelt ee x] our, Isao kt. to ealq. ae ibn osiftul) ‘to’ eno) oh suntan of beisale viwoirery od: iw ce ti ban @ sis mods slqood 9 - bores egipeniaibsicus Lament a joy: endl Siento stl wie pre pa anaes 9 aed Ao ended silt rebilno2 ot eboarerg 3491 oH. sboviran Isgol Wi aaqoiq # rid oo tasqqe jon 20h: srsil eed and tuo 3 asinoloD oily As YAR nt HHO) 5 dow blow . ‘ane ae Ee nookat ove ad bivodt Arai traateflimn dowew sings: ai od niorabicse (7 ci marl) mismo: yisy eit Shmesed: cinssed alasil: ag Ushinid, site “d 3 ‘hibdef sus. ysdnadD ‘Yo.ermod: at inola D oi bovissb oe pion a sascha, evild mst di outs a : 7 ry by ms vy ’ Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 239 from the Crown; and in the others, the Governors take them- felves to be fuficiently Authorized to A&t as Chancellors, by having the Cuftody of the great Seal of their Province com- mitted to them, but whether this Gentleman had a legal Au- thority to fet himfelf up for the Chancellor of the Province of Penfylvania, or whether in that Capacity he aéted with due regard to the fpeedy Execution of Juftice as he ought is a queftion he can beft refolve. For in moft of the Colonies it is _ certain the Proceedings in Chancery are remarkably expeditious, and the Author would be very much put to it to give One fingle Inftance of any Suit depending in the Plantation Chancerys half fo long as they commonly do in England. On the Military Strength. Here the Writer advanceth a Parodox, which is not Eafily to be reconciled to Common Sence: A Militia, fays he, in a Tyrannical & Arbitrary Government may poffibly be of fome Service to the Governing Power; But we lean from Experience ‘that in a free Country it is of little ufe, and therefore, he pro- pofes in the Room of the Militia the Eftablifhment of a {tanding Army in each Province; Now let any one confider but the Nature of the Militia in the Britifh Plantations, and then reflect whether that or a ftanding Force be moft confiftent with the Safety of thofe Colonies; The Militia of the Colonies confifts of all the Free Men able to bear Arms, under the Command of Perfons chofen from among the People of the beft Familys and Fortunes; or in the words of his Majefty’s Inftructions ‘they are lifted under good Officers” by the refpeétive Governors; therefore, Reader now Judge, commiflioned whether thefe Men are fit Tools for an Arbitrary & Tyrannical Government; or whether they are more likely to join with the Governing Powers! And having fomething to lofe, may there- Yo sonivait oft ta ound oub diiw bofde oil irony! & el idguo od ae. otf, "oF Wt goinoloe) sd¥- io vale cetioinbaqes shale at ni 2g sly 'saQ sivig os i a mg dance yd od blue ay psonsit noitsrtat ada ni yribnaqab | su eat _cbaalght fl ob indaionse Ach ayers ad pat ivi ® ue : - ; 2 44 -Angrvelt ema vt 0" "Le Lana ) lied tou ai Perl yRobou'l s désonitvtes ater dod a soot ad aval (citi At oom02 nomnieD of bslionever od od romat to od -yid@og ware momenrsvou) yienidsA a issianeryT a - sorsiiequl moi neshewiel ; ewol guineved oft on sdivise “org od | sietetedy: brig) Ste olssif to ei st ymnucD seit ai decd * gnibreti-s lo versace oda eisiliN ode Yo neoS os ni eitoq oda iud) aabilnos. ono RR isl woh; 9onivosl dons ai bao sora bas yenoiminadld, Wisin ond ni siti) ot Yor ome diw snofidnes fom sd soo gribasths to sad vorteocher Salton eoineloD ody Yo ‘siti ofT :¢esinoleD) studs “ i elt roles amily, “wod.od olde: no sot nt te sion 4 » att Io slgqooD wala Biome mot nstoda anchsd io ne | 3 a'yisisM, 2id Yo ebvow oid oi vo. pemnet bas. dim - bonoiionmes “eno O boog vobaw bail os 4 ‘e (gbul wom asbeo A. ieuanenel ve Omran feoineny TD denial, loo 24.0 Mifcellanesus Papers. fore be more ready to be apply’d to evil Purpofes, if any fuch were to be feared under his Majefty’s moft happy Reign. The Reafon this Writer gives for laying afide the Militia, are thefe Two; firft an Eafe to the poor Labourers and Planters ; fecondly, the Danger of exercifing & training the Inhabitants in the Exercife of Arms. As, to the Firft, there is no Free Man in the Plantations but what may without Lofs attend the ufual Mufters appointed by the feveral Laws of the Colonies; Thefe Exercifes if well regulated and contrived (as I know a Province where they now are) are rather a diverfion than a “Trouble, and will always be better born by the People, than to fee themfelves deprived of the neceflary Means for their Defence, whenever there fhall be occafion to make ufe thereof; and the Author’s Compaflion for the Induftrious Labourer will rather be found the greateft Cru- elty, when tis confidered that by the Ufe of Arms, he expofes their Throats to be cut by their Slaves, or a worfe & more dangerous Enemy the Shoals of Convicts which are readily tranfported to the Plantations, and being difperfed thro’ a large Extent of Land can fearce be kept in Obedience, but by the° Terror of a Militia ready to Supprefs them, if they fhou’d dare to Form any Combinations againft their Mafters. As to the Second, it is moft unjuft in the Author to infinuate fuch a groundlefs Jealoufy of the Plantations, as if any danger cou’d accrue to Great Britain by accuftoming their Inhabitants to the Exercife of Arms, He has himfelf under this very head fhewed that no danger can arife thereby, where his acknowledges that the Labouring People are under a neceflity to work hard to provide the common Neceflarys of Life For their Families, and if fo, how can thefe People find time to plot and Contrive againft the Government which the King is pleafed to fet over them! And as to the rich Men he confefles that all the Super- fluous Cafh & other Riches acquired in America muft Center 216 ain, oul? obits gc jeroesld bre ersued: ni csansidedal od? gainic | ee wd enovsinal’t ats i i aa =) on ei a Anil oto yd beiniogge arofolh Seaitan, lt basis Aol, mwothive, yon Rigel? & ; ‘ flow th, astioxd ‘todT ; jeolueloD sd Yo ewal, hash co er Fy 4 wort yor osoadiva sonivert,, a wort I en) bavingaes bas borage | od ayawls tlive bas eidvarT ands noihtyib's reddien. 928 (908 jo bovingah aavisineds sii ae wads ,olgosl odt.yd), niod s91ted.. a ? od lled? ored? sovenedw ,soaete(l tiod) rot engol yisitoven sedge 101 nea D eodiaA, ade Gree, giooreds atu olga ot. noitaa.0 | = fuente } 7 -uiD ftaigorg-oda bawod od sodsn Siw owodsd evoinfubal ods i: | = pear ed erm to AU ode ed seul? batobitao: ais* sgdiwn gyslo ye. - som & show «tc ovalé siede yd su9-ed) 0% asmondD) tiede 97 a) ylibasn sue doirta eivaoD Yo elsod2 oft yenaad eumsgoab: oy) oovsl x ‘ols bsnog a aoivied sInif To od bivpw'so10? gaibakst User es ret anoaimoD ae to Se aida yreaekdy sort ror yin Yo" noiPistorL sat ob ad b*uodh sa grit i aft aide WBA -stoltinda 1 u¥ roniA oda pasty Io “eiiD ni sidsssivin “od oF 28 z00n9 rr roqorg A voexXS bne endl o7 1s) Musttib oom Pe ‘bal Ili h oaer -«4 od'T ai noqqul of sunsvoM “sldasith 6 yriftisy to? + aod 0 os ‘to Reo ns@> edly gnole enoinicaoG disse sit Yo 0 anne onsen yt dtoiitve’ a esti, 0g)” ‘heat a ‘a ase ad regen aworttiw hat yao yes nw onstivr’ ewodial . dot b“loges ong “ose goibrsit ‘Ment’ aid ntl "62 ot eqouT “Hiol od ad {liv vi st tyoii ib” wot toh : we soi to. oder oilt thoi boghol’ a: od arnt yimnupe be Bord Ashita: carne oidsitaq ashy: bare c. ~ at: 24.2 Mifcellaneous Papers. fame may be faid as to the difficulty of defending the Frontiers of the Plantations towards the Land where the French are fettled along the back of thefe Plantations, befides many Nu- merous Nations of Indians ready to join them againft whofe Incurfions a fmall ftanding Force in each Province will prove but a flender Security. ‘This part of the Project being fo very ridiculous and ftuffed with fuch Apparent Contradictions to Reafon and Common Sence, I fhall difmifs it and go on to the Authors next Head. | On Taxes. And here the Writer complains that Land is fo plenty and Cheap in America that there is no Tenant to be found, nor an Affembly that will confent to lay a Land Tax, and indeed it is dificult to fay which way they fhou’d, for if Lands be of no Value, how can this Tax be proportioned or levied, or what Revenue, can at all be raifed from that which is of no worth? But the Author might have added, that tho’ the Lands being of no certain Value are not Taxed, yet the People are fufficiently Taxed in moft Places in the Produce of their Labours upon thofe Lands, befides their being burdened with a Poll-tax, and other Duties; and if by thefe they can defray the necefiary Expences of the Civil Government. there feems no great Occa~ fion to blame them for not having ufelefs Sums in their Treafury, without charging this Parfimony on the Jealoufy of their Liber- ties, or the Rapine of an Artfull Governor, joined with the fraudulent Combinations of their own Reprefentatives ; for no inftance can be given of fuch a Confederacy; tho’ this Gentle- man may perhaps know a Governor who got into his Clutches £2000 of the Superfluous Treafure of a certain Province, but was too Artfull to let the Peoples Reprefentatives fhare a Far- thing of it with Him; a fhrew’d Specimen of that felf Love with which the Writer introduces the following Article. ois dora: offs: -srodw bre -uM youn aobiled Stodw Aaisgs mods syorq lliw soniverl dost ys . qrov ot gaiod Pajert, pi dain aT i ary 23 ad vod 0} anoifibsino?- snoisqqA Mout ibe bctinh: ros i. "en i oft o2 mo oy’ bam sb elienlib ae eons ron) Ina a, a Ls ar, ; eek A: a F =) aco A). eal Pe ire nie on brs sil ot.et baa sees \aetisiqenos wai W ode: sted baA ot) ns ton :-bnvot od ot testo TD) imal orads walt sono A, ni qeodD emi: zi 71 bosbat- bas xed bepebaeagee ot row! Hiyr suds gids AY > nswls on Yo od abnat Vi tot pbteedd.4 od yaw doidw: at oF akuaiitib th tT tadw io ,beivel 10° bonwitegése. ad x8 T ‘ait, nao word joule? hse tus | SdAsiow on to Zl “totehwr Sed rere balist ad He ds: 82 une - hee lognied cham ods ‘ods toda bebbs oved sdyim sodA: odd duty) > We spit Be slqood old toy boxs TD son: 99m) ouisV miaris9 ony a ogy gweded “thot Yo oabwal ody ci zoolt Rom ai boxsT paned brie xatllo & aoiw banobued, grind risd? esbited wbas td Pedi ag “it 4 alsa oth wile: ano: ‘goad dtoits yd Ye baw, « 20inl seek; vets noo) Tastg on ectiasy) oratlt dnote vo8) lvl: oda. to" veil. > ; ocitasn TD tied: ni ernwe Aoldiu-gai var don tr mods omeid ot mei) teas, fb . i dict tisds ‘Yo Yluotnal, att) no ynoilied aide, gaigusds suoddiwe io 8 ‘¥ ay rbiw boniof ccreve® Ula mm,to, niga st oils 20 Gauri seat, ms on ‘10t , eovisamstogo A: nwo tind ‘to enoi sie cir j a _oliio@) aide ‘oda qyowrobatino® 2 dau, Jo navigad ne 92 eovlotul) eid oft! dog oft rGieveD @ woRd) eqadiog yen wud sonivort nizriso 8 Yo euiteorT euoun bes’ | 8 2 ated eovinusastonga at praia om ovo] We oe haul Tat — Anfiwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 243 On their Independancy. In which there is nothing new or worthy of Confideration, except a clear Demonftration which is no ways inconfiftent with good Policy to allow the People of the Plantations the ufe of Arms, fince the Emulation amongft the independant Govern- ments, if at laft it feems only which of them fhall beft recom- mend themfelves by being moft ufefull to the Intereft of Great Britain; an Emulation which ought never to be difcouraged by any unneceffary Taxes and other hardfhips and decide the Controverfy in favour of a truly Meritorious People, who ought to be left to that defence with which they are beft pleafed. On the Management of Plantation Affairs in England. The People of the Plantations have ever acquiefced in what- ever Method the Crown has thought fit to direct them tn their Applications to the Throne in all Matters relating to their Particular Affairs; And if by this Gentleman’s endeavours, or otherwife, a more fpeedy and eafy Means of Addrefs thall be. appointed, they will receive the favour with the gratitude that becomes them; But if the Appointment of all the Civil Offi- cers in the Plantations of what kind foever, and their feveral Commiffions for thofe Employments are immediately to be granted by the Lords of Trade or by any other Hands in Eng- land, it is very eafy to forefee, what a confufion muft unavoidably follow fuch a new Regulation. For it muft be remembered that many of the Offices are of fo little Profit, that they are fcarce worth applying for, efpecially at fuch a diftance and Paying Extraordinary Fees, of the Commiffions ; befides it may well be thought worthy of Confideration, how defpicable the Governor of a Province muft be when ftript of the Power of difpofing of the few places that fall within his Government, and isi ‘ eb agin eest got a) lad - ‘ ea ’ andl * ; iy,2 avd Pe ry en } yu bes Png dh we \ 7 ‘ i ‘i ry A a hh Be ; we | ‘eisai Yo ain jv 20 won st ot in sealey A dsiw jusfnooeii + Yo se bid oh = tated “fHOF9" ay keh pwr to did 7 aa nary ‘het b Bi ie to fie1s3 al ody of Neto fom ‘gaied xd Poe shectst ca bs bogemodib sd og Ivor rfouwo doidw cols dum 1 wa Ff i » sbinak b buts eet band yordse bas rexel h pe fis bres ie ™ ae { io “idano onw ,slqos 5 evoboiins| fii Yun gto wove ni he depen sf asiq Red gna lhc Hidw wie oansth wal¥ D2 2 t ad -$ | 1 a 7 anaes eaay’ arto aacnt *S Lars cage’ < aa z i i ootetw oi hotlelupos gewe vend ¢ moist ods. to olqood ie Sawibh, op ae def karots ead aword ode bodeM tava = ) viads 03 gaitglor gata: Ie of snow Todt) of enoinsiiqg A om =a 10. 2O¥ssbae z ‘asamabanet) 2 vida yd i bret 5 eichA cniyoinu a La SLorik iA Ae. ome abd Nise | bus ybeaqh Ot, #. Siiversitso aa dnt). bw Hiner gona: cai iw avovet ols pyisaga Ltw yods cbostioggs Sam ° B01 levi h owls Ue te pera vent oad: oda, Mi wit 1 pena om My leiavoh tied? bag yuovedt, baid redw o- snoiasanel4. Sn 1 oo oj elas bomen, Dis, etagen olan, Sod. iat a “ ~ond i abasl vaddto rar yd 10 aber jo ebiol Ase Nan thu ii aria aa «ieee © pease ay t 4 (Sih) Ob eos 3 tee i.” = ‘tod. ook. pe a Io. 918, sai, bi Ke saneftib « duh, ae ltnizodla 308, gniyigge psi at epbuted | ano iRieercioD ont Yo a0 snl galt aldevigioh wor. noidmabilng.). Jo. yddore te wot oi Yo sqieft, qodw od Aum 2 bas anomanayai) ¢ aid aidhiw; ta dada 29% ries of ws 244. - Mifcellaneous Papers. how little ferviceable to the Crown. when deprived of the only means of rewarding Merit and creating and Influence. If by obliging thefe Officers to Account with the Lords of Trade, or their Treafurer, for their Receipts of all the Revenues of the Plantations, be meant, that the feveral Duties and Revenues, which are now raifed for the Support of the RefpeGive Govern- ments fhou’d be remitted to this Treafurer; then it will follow that all Sallaries to thofe Officers muft alfo be paid there, and what an unneceflary Trouble this may create both to that Honourable Board, and to the Officers themfelves need not be particularized. But if the Author’s meaning be, as indeed it is hard to guefs what he means, that only the Revenue he now Projects fhou’d be under the Management of Officers immedi- ately appointed by and accountable to the Lords of Trade and their Treafurer, tho’ the People of the Plantations muft be greatly affected by fuch a Tax; it will undoubtedly be a Com- fort to the refpective Governors to be exempted from any Share in the Management thereof, fince thereby. they will be acquitted from any Imputation of concealment or Fraud, when the pro- duce of this Revenue is found to fall far fhort of the mighty Expectation this Projector builds his Scheme upon. Which Jeads us to confider the laft head of this ingenious Project. Of a Revenue in America, And here the Author confeffes that all that has been faid hitherto will fignifie very little unlefS fuch a Revenue can be © raifed to fupport the needfull Expence. This then is the Bafis of the whole Scheme. And for which all that has been offered by him was written for if no fuch Revenue can be raifed, there will be then no Employment for him, and what Pity will it be that fuch an Artfull Projector fhou’d at laft be left in the Lurch, who has with Twelve Years painfull Obfervations made fuch | a oily 0 adel aod " i somewhat bos. gaia os Yo asunsvoA ons Ihe Ae ewasvel bow evisu betowsh + | -1vou sviiogieA oly 0 sraqque ey’ ; or wollot lliw 21 mods; wouter T gilt 0) bontinat od JO re 2 a bas .oxods bieq ad ote Dump. amoihO ody: ot zoit 2 ile sed Ss 3 asd? 03. died. sinc yam eid gidpoiT quillsoonaw Ase Ww ad jon besn zovisteads exalt ods o7 bas, pbisodl aldsw wone oH ai 1i bosbat és ,sdgningsm a*worlse A od) Vi ul sho: | worn sd ‘suceyvoed. odd yim sods essen od mache Aug. on nu -thomanit eom Yo ronsogemadil onl r9bny ‘od b‘uodt 2Fdoje bain. bart to. abo oddo9 aidaraver, bas yd. betnioggs. lots. se © um ecoivemald odi Yo plgeot sft “odr oneal ‘tod a . ao s.9d yibmduobrg Line Ris pee T 2 dow: ad bofiohis ebaorg ce a ati) sine yee mont beidensxs sdig@erorr vou) ovioqier od2.a2 not - ‘ees apiupos od Hiv yor .ydoredt aon Qooinds inomsgensh oft Pitené -o1q add nedw busi 20 iiostesnes Yo aol wiugml yas cr yidgier ot toro! wt Ut ot Savol ei ounavedd edt to = doid VF noggin omadae eit wblind wHsjor} aids noitaBeqra io. — mere vista to fund Stl okt se vanntion (03,44, shea, ne Dye val ig ae 4 ity, a a ‘s é 4 | abril | ni wernt “0 bid sad ish sed fie ands esftshaoa rod A, wy ! od ERD ounsvost & oud. Aoling olagil ORY | Tg eh i allie oe site onze aod? tT. sonsqxa iluitboon’ ‘odd soqqal of be bousito masd end tsilt Ile, doidwe 301 bah, .omnndae slodve oro male od aso, 2 cuaavest we of na 1 ntuhiw eaw f Buck ad? al pay od fal alas Ligh sojor'd Mu hit obaun enoiaviaidO ened ano t ovisw Tt Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations. 245 mighty difcoveries in the Plantation Trade as, bating forne few particulars, were found out and well known long before he fet his Foot in America. However, a Revenue it feems muft be raifed, or elfe all thefe fine Improvements muft come to Nothing, And therefore he humbly fubmits it, whether the Duties of Stamps upon Paper & Parchment may not with good reafon be extended by A&t of Parliament to all the American Plantations. Now to underftand the reafon for extending this Duty to America, it may not be improper to confider, what may pro- bably be the produce of this Duty to anfwer the ufe for which it is intended. As to the Duties on Parchment there is fo little of that ufed at leaft on the Continent of America, that the Projector will hardly find a Man that will farm it at 100£ a Year; for feeing all Deeds and Conveyances are in the Planta- tions put on Record, People are in little concern whether the Originals are preferved or not, and therefore few Perfons are at the Expence of engroffing fuch Conveyances on Parchment. Then as to the Stamps on Paper on which it is fuppofed all the Proceedings in the Court of Judicature are written, and all bonds and other Writings Obligatory; befides the great ine- quality between the Numbers of People and the Riches of England, and that of the Plantations, and confequently a great difproportion in the Number of Law Suits, with the fummary way of Proceeding of all fmall Caufes in the latter; and if to this it be confidered, that in the Management of this Duty many Officers muft neceffarily be employed in fo large a Circuit as the American Plantations, it is much to be doubted whether this Duty will amount to much more than the Charge of Management ; And it is humbly fubmitted whether it be at all reafonable to burden the ufeful People of the Plantations with fuch a Duty, for the fake of maintaining a Number of ufelefs Officers. But as neither the Projector of this Duty, nor any ARS LUNG wo? simile nob 3A od soted gnol amon tow bin od fiucs emo sfovagved s egridto VE oF pinios tneaglineeacattadl ! do e00CL orly wedsodiee qi attends aan | od nalxet boog diiw toa gem dnoendoiT ‘Sage F ecoimmalt mesial od fis 03 1ioctnihiel Yo BA yd be os yw aids gaibasres ek mdtsor ‘oct bnsfiobns ~o1q yao ted ,sbitend BF Yagorqmi od tou Vem ti 8rd tiaidve rot shy oft iowa OF you Cl ait? Yo coon a ded alizil ot 2 oxeds yoornboa me evisuC] ods 0) ahr bsbaanat 2 % edi sa) sonsmA Yo soenheeD ole ao deol ae bats tery Yo ‘* s Koorse ai srieét {live gel ae. & batylbrad iw 19fsjort ws wed ‘sdani or 2920 (oUMtwD bana 2boaC] ts geist ah rac) @ : ond iadiodvr agonoo algal gh 91s slqool ,biose A” no ats A anoit | 1g oie exch wel exotsealy bae jon Ww bsvisterq ove glean ; vaso po asoneysvaeD) dod) gnilorgas to “soneqad od _ oct. Ile-bslogqul ai 31 dete fo s9q20 no leqeia® ort of es God T lis bas aosinw ote ompagibal, to nvoD od ni egaibesborT ~oni jaoty ort esbred 7 grodagtdO egnisyW Talo baw abuod his’. suited” tds bas siqos4 Yo edmyA oni noswned yileap 9 iso1g & YLnewpsinos bag enoissineld od tort bas bnatgod yiamiel 349 dviw jativd wal Yo isda oni at aoimoqoigtib ~ or Vi bas zr28tel odd ni eesD. Meche Yo pene pin as yuu vid Yo insinogens lh oh) mi ied? ,berebitnes, 3d. a Bitsy ee ‘egrel ot ni boyal ars od wlinéllonon ues # 9 ARC rodrselw boiduoh od 02 dayen et di enoiveasl nso oma, 9¢ lg syed od? mods, som doust oF Invoms, “ive wd ile 18 od 21 a3dasdw baasiendea, \ideaudd ai bad ane ‘diiw engine! 342. to olqoad. (wtshy atta a bivd x | doldu to wdmutl s griciaainn: a tet one Yas ton es eid jo bi sjord onl - 246 Mifcellaneous Papers. other Perfon can form any certain computation of what it may produce. It feems very prepofterous for him to build on fuch a Slight Foundation, thofe mighty Superftructures of maintaining Judges in all the Provinces a ftanding Force in each, erecting Forts, paying the Board of Trade, and all other Officers em- ployed in the Plantation Affairs. For as all Commiffions and other Inftruments which pafs under the great Seal and pay the higheft Duties are to be excluded out of the Computation of this Revenue, fo there are many Writs, Proceffes, and other Inftruments at Law which are charged with this Duty in Eng- land, that are unknown in moft of the Plantations; as are alfo Prefentations, Inftitutions and Inductions to Eclefiaftical Bene- fices, and many other Publick Inftruments, which bring in large Sums there, But there ts one infuperable difficulty in the col- lection of this Duty which muft not be omitted, and that is the want of Coin (which this Writer might well have remember’¢) wherewith to difcharge it. In New England, New York, the Jerfeys, Penhilvania, and both the Carolinas there is a Paper Currency in which all Publick Taxes and Fees are paid, and in which the Bulk of their Commerce is carried on, and as this Paper Money bears a different Value in each feveral Province, and in all of them a great difproportion from Sterling Money, fo in the Tobacco Plantations of Virginia and Maryland for want of Coin the Publick dues and Officers Fees are paid in Tobacco. It will therefore be almoft impra@ticable to raife this Duty with that Equality which the Wifdom of the Parliament ever obferves in Taxing the Subjects. But fuppofing this diffi- culty cou’d be furmounted, by allowing the Plantations to pay this Tax as they do other Duties, how can this Revenue be remitted to the Treafury of the Board of Trade? Will he accept of the Paper Bills of Credit, or of the Tobacco of Vir- ginia or Maryland? For tho’ there are many People in America mike een rT saw Yo cibaogine ase s dow no blind or inid 16 ” grinininian to esiufourrfh , gnifsers didne' ni soot | ! ods -n3 er hiO. vivo le” a abet Yo balla + = q mr bas enoilti meal) Hi an 0% eA soneinalT ‘ody we amily ’ 6q bra {aoe THITS ody robe 2 eh aay rioidw eanaeninflal % be a Yo aolmuymeD < ods to se bobuloxs od bt on isu Ps s ,esiooord ,2ty Wyman sie 979e9 ‘ov ouners ~yod nie eile dai begat ove i oily wal ti zanom I ; oils Sis ¢s : etl made ead We Stone ni nwondlag oun: gnel (i oe ~91 98 [gsifisnstod: o Aubal. bri 2 prey anoiansterd Mig sgial at gaind dois ilar: 2 onal dolduT tedi6 Yltnm bite asoR so decyl ail ci yotwotiih ofdinsapea erie 2i- vil wy ovary ene = | i? ab yeu bona te od yon Aue at: ide ae vir tw noi biedinsinsy overt flow oda soni YY < shel dointw) nieD to ins - fy theo Y watt dnabgind wal "a 11 20 yoisb of Patina Wel ‘Ls ei sede zenilore Doel ae brass siasvliesd ernst ai ve n bieq one 299% bine gone P atsildn tT the dot ab onernD rae sihy ee ts het bysinia9! at SP TSAtG. ) vids 6 3 1th ons roidw iW 7 soniverd Isreal donate mnoishib a esnod yond, eget se yorrodl : gn nn a2 men comsogqenmib ITY s med? Yo fn’ at baw’ ot ee sive bie ‘sintign VW Jo" encies srl ososdoT ody nt mle ni bisg ois e097 ateohO bax eoub sdoildud ody nioD to sna ty stim: of sidssifssaqmi Nomis od o10lstor iw WD sovordoT ie insets’ eds) Yo reschiE og doidva pileup ‘sate dive ul oll ~hib eid grit ogqit sl 7 afojdu2 oa gain T. al soriide w¥9 3 i yaq ot enohamuat oils ‘goiwolle yd Soravorteni: ‘od boy pilus ai | of osunsyse aide fi wod nisl yorlto ob syst” en ed 1hWo° Seber to bacotl odt to quissyT ‘adt'o iV Yo ovsdo'T otlr lorng dibs yo allith qed 9 ob 4 aprinA 's ti ial t yawn one avo “ons xt he: stave A ¢ Anfwer to the foregoing Obfervations.. 247 ready enough to part with their own Paper Money, and to allow a confiderable for Bills of Exchange payable in London; Yet I believe the Author of this Extraordinary Scheme would be hard put to it to find one man of Credit in the Plantations, to give Sterling Money in England for thofe Paper Bills; efpecially for any fuch Sum as the Author fuppofes this Duty to raife; and it is very apparent that the worthy Author did not think fo far at his Entrance on to this Scheme, or in the finifhing of it Artfully concealed it, being unwilling to ftart a difficulty which mutt overthrow his whole Defign, for, to borrow an elegant expreflion from him, which upon another Occafion he makes ufe of, ‘‘ The Inconfiftency of the Thing dos prefently obtrude itfelf upon our Minds.” But it may poflibly be alledged this Fund is at prefent fuppofed to raife no more than will maintain the Itenerant Judges and pay the Soldiers. It is true the Itenerant Judges fuch as the Writer propofes need be under no concern for the Payment of their Salaries in Paper-Money or in Tobacco, feeing they are in Turns to travel through all thefe Provinces in the Diicharge of their Duty, if their allowances are not very large they will find Opportunities enough in their Circuits to fpend all they receive without puzzling their Brains about remitting it for England. But the Cafe of the Soldiers of the ftanding Army is really to be pitied, if ever they fhou’d be commanded to march out of their refpective Provinces toa general Rendezvous in another, for the Pay they receive in One Province, will not purchafe them (were there Publick Houfes as there are none) one Pot of Ale in another, nor is it poflible to encamp them, or Canton them, in fuch a Manner upon a March, as may in fome Degree relieve them either from Hunger or Vhirft. In this Sence only the Independancy of the feveral Provinces, if they upon any Account deferved to be fufpected, is highly to be ap- plauded, but the Reader will prevent me enlarging on this Head, Ye Bs me " \ : bis inal dein Ae , 1 9Y ; aohaod niolds mn ‘agnadox’ ree =e brad od bluow thronix Ad aidyto ovig oF sicbaindl | not yllaisoqie ; allie gina st 101 lat tt bos 7 dina or yu gibi eMogqut rodtwA otta 26: 16 18 OL obiids ton bib wrhwA ynow edger snotedg WlvinA 11 Io gaidlint sient to corstlat elds ona cioantdl ait Prusn ‘shoidtve wluotib & gf of gailliwaw gaisd, yl) belésoa02 noifterq2s tangole ag mend et 20) ogheC] atodw eid wordr9v0 ts of FY Qo stu eodacr od neiwesO rori0a8 nog doidw fail met we moqu tishteburda, vita slog ao uetielT orks, jo youoitnoal ui : invierq tn vt beaut eideboghelle od yiditeq yeu ai sell « *ebaiM. 2ogbu| srsoner! edamame liw neds. stom on shes stibdlougul 2& dout eoabul, sastamesh oft ou ei I> ratblo® advtyety bans istayel odi w nwaeed baw od) besa asiaqorq-iniieW odd ols yod? ehisst ,oossde'T ni to yonoM-rqel ini eoinslad tied? Yo ogtadoncl oft ni esontyorl deds lle dguonds loven otenwT ai Hiw yods ogial yaw son ete esone wells gies ti pei: viods Yo yad! In beet or eivwiDtiet: af dyveds ehineneqg@O bak | wi 9 ynistionn mmede ati risds gaileevq auodstiw: ‘svisoe1 vind guibasht ods to eiblo® ody lo eDrods jwlly) Vhasigadl | of bobaumrmes sd bua yor? 19ve tH pbetiq od: o2nylinot ai ' auovsebasd Imisasg #6) esonivord svifiediertisds Yo swoulaisnt 100 Hiw ,soniverd ot@ “ai svioon yous ye or1-r0d podions ai (000 sic 2101s 2s edteeH dvilded ord. wow) sods Asdowg- ' qo snods qnintn9 08 aldiftoq $i ei On eons mi ofA. YorT a t, ; o1nch ai yet ee loys gnequ renmeMh a oe i patods noms ca eid? al Shid'T yo. vogwl cod asdbio atipds: svcilen song ‘s ails Ti geoniverT dara oily to yonabuoqabal oily. bik ye od of yldgid ai cbatboquub od ae bsoH ‘aie a [sor yrs. uodtive emnetidedal aged oc 0? nebiwed oldmailamt . eM ditieGhode 10 nine enon) aewey pliner en a : Ee ate See i fais er ERA hoe i, el ) we les apie mae Peed ie ie Ll sees 9 it om ‘ na on. ats PN: i ane ’ ay ae -_ ai A i dalle lh Rags bre ct er iii oe ais em le Propofitions to the Fove Nations of Indians. 249 Propofitions made to the Five Nations of the Indians, to wit, ALa- 1722 quafe, Oneydes, Cayouges, Ounundaques, and Sinnekes, by his Aug. 29 Excellency Alexander Spotfwood, Ef Lieutenant Governor of ~~ fis Majefty’s Dominion of Virginia, in ene the 29 day of Augufé 1722. Prefent. His Excellency Alexander Spotfwood, Governor of Vir- ginia, Col® Nath! Harrifon, of His Majefty’s Council of Virginia; Col? William Robinfon, a Member of the Houfe of Burgefles of Virginia. Sachims and Warriors of the Five Nations ; I OU often fay that your Covenant Chain with Virginia is erown rufty, and have urg’d of late Years that fome Commiffioners from that Colony fhou’d be fent to this Place to brighten the fame. This is an old Story, which the People of Virginia remember to have been continually rung in their Ears, & are Senfible that none of the many Treaty’s which they have made for near fifty years paf{t, have ever been long obferved on the part of the Five _ Nations; Wherefore J am now come hither as Governor of Virginia, accompanyed by fome Members of that Government, in order to try if Our Covenant Chain cannot be fo polifhed, as never more to grow rufty, and to endeavour at Eftablifhing an everlafting Peace between your people and our’s; Compre- -hending not only the Chriftian Inhabitants of Virginia but alfo the Several Nations of Indians belonging and Subjeét to that Government; And according to the Cuftome of this Place, I fignify to you this Propofition by giving Two Belts of Wam- pum, the one for the Government of Virginia, and the other for all its Tributary Indians. Ii? gat anata Cc kal gee snag de 61 ath air 8 aaah 9 irs Tare | > gua v4 a cabo’, See 4 uh . — sorted ymastiah :% %. . Se wh Bos sth ently «uy Yo tein pee ae fone) 2 ‘yiloisM ail. pe = jis) to, »gdene lx ape sean YT Sh A pay abl ie uO | | ay a aver bas ois aw tw : a vt uolod 1h oid ha sodraomai kinigiV Yo 9 eh, “pif doid ve F102 o | Bp sali ofdilnee sis WB ated weds mi grt illswniinos aaee Ss $e) yt “wom, 108 obarn ave yor doirtw @ ‘anil yaa an Yo a ovi'l seft Io tog. odd 0 boviildo gnol aged 199 ovad 10 sosteumi@: a -atyinga-doidw: bow. mani ods ae 8yt ona baawol bnol ode (Ashu 2 wo -yo© necagiin orl ‘ adaln ovi't orl * amiiizs® of? AY 2 ns enon on aaa ry gece eg 7 ta51g 8 al smn tape dea’ oan wee . id oils) b'nafte bets ‘grismo> ‘aah 1722 Sept. 6 oe? 252 Mifcellaneous Papers. behind a great Tree, and ovr bufinefs then was Trading and Merchantdize, And confidering the Benefit thereof, and that the Tree te which the Ship was faften’d might rott, and fo let the Ship go. We carried the Anchor behind a great Mountaine that fo we might keep it for ever, and it was that defired the Chriftians to come and Settle among Us, and not they. The third thing that was done by the Chriftians, and our Ancettors after they underftood one another, was to enter into a Covenant of Friendfhip, which they called the Covenant Chain, and to the beft of our knowledge, that Covenant has been kept by both parties from that time to this; And both our Anceftors were fo prudent that they Stipulated and agreed, that if any bad accident or Mifchief fhould happen on either fide it fhou’d be forgot and forgiven, not make a Breach in the Cove- nant Chain. Brother Aflarigoe When the Neighbouring Governments of Virginia Penfylva- nia and New England, found how well we agreed they were gland to link their Hands in the faid Covenant Chain, and there were Two Places, Viz' Albany and Onnondage to meet at, and to fettle a right underftanding in Cafe any Mifchief fhou’d hap- pen on either fide. Brother Afifarigoe . We will not make any further mention of thefe old Stories of what our Anceftors did, but will now come to the point and Anfwer your Propofitions, and we hope if our Anfwer fhould not be given with that refpect and regard which is your due, you will excufe Us. Brother Afiarigoe You told us fome days ago, that the five Nations fay the Covenant Chain which was made betwixt us and Virginia fifty ra geil Pieeaalt aedscnli od) tens bas losisda vagsaskh ont tol ch bing ate presage oniginvolt sxo71g & baided. vollonA ods aaa’ ; a ‘. ads boritsh tad2 enw xi bike Sloww aD i seh Ayla aig Bs .yort Yon bas 2U. fons olrind ‘iid! show ee ead Mi wo bas ansifiad odi yd seb exw sada gaidd bids oT oini w1ne oF cew sdions an¢6 boofhebay yods tots aofsanA msnovo. offi Bollea yous daistvr Milibositd Yo ante dacs and jasnovo) s6t) ,ogholwoaa wo io ftod of? of bas. a wo diod ba A ; eid? of soma geti-mnet 2oinag dsod yd aqoa toed: By ‘deel cbooigs brs boseluqis® yea) indy srobirg ot soy ofaand . a . ti obit isdvi9 no oeqqed bho WitsiM 10 tnobioos bad yaw 4 aS -vo0 odz ni siheeaal hv oslaee sar at ‘bis Pei od heen eg ey aor _-avbfianel sintgt Vie einai? gnimoddgiot ads nodW | 9194 youl basigs sw How wod ‘bnuvot baskgad wot bas sia | . a stadt bap wind Inene 20D bide gel nti 2 hawk isids shail of bashy bite te Jasin, on agsbronnQ bes teed A 'siV aooeld owt ow “aad b*uoel ‘ahaha ane aid ii hareehannt degin siaton sine Peers banner bh roel} nar yy wo th Ghai" ow Bans onic swoy 7 E mee i HOY oub i ai ttoittw Kia bas chest: nth sive ino rath bo Rees | & | he Ly eae ASL u ohh cA - ya ae tery Baie eee” ae sy Ven Anfwer of the Frvue Nations of Indians. 253 Years ago, is grown Rufty, and that we did not long keep or 3722 obferve the Conditions of it, and you have forbid us to pafs to Sept. 6 the fouth fide of the great Kahongarouton, which you call Pa- towmack, or to the Eaft fide of the great Ridge of Mountains which extends all along the Frontiers of Virginia. In the firft place, we agree to this Article, and faithfully promife not to pafs over the great River Kahongarouton (by the Englith call’d Patowmack) nor the great Ridge of Mountains. which extends along your Frontiers; We are glad you are come here to renew the Peace as well in behalf of the Chriftians, as the Indians of Virginia. We wifh you had brought fome of the Sachims of your Indians that they might have {poke to us face to face, and have put their hands into the Covenant Chain; But fince you are come here, we gree to accept what you offer in their behalfs in the fame Manner as if they were prefent. And tho’ there is a Nation among you the Toderechrones Chriftanna Indians againft whome we have had {fo inveterate an Enmity that we thought it unpoflible it cou’d be extinguifhed but by a total Exterpartion of them, yet fince you defire it we are willing to receive them into this Peace, and to forgive all that’s paft. It had pleaf’d God to make you Chriftians and us Heathens ; but we hope we fhall both A& according to our Capaceties, and be faithfull to our refpective promife and Engagements; fome are placed in high Stations and fome in Low, but there is one above who rules and governs all and will Judge us according to our Actions. We hope, you will obferve, that your Indians which you have engaged fhall perform what you have promifed for them, That they fhall not pafs to the Northward of the River Kahonga- routon nor to the Weftward of the great Ridge of Mountains ; a? pes cael Resi eee ltsttdsist’ brie stein on sd? yd) notvomgioreM wow sesig seeped eHtstnuo Me to sqbi Ht ory ody tort (dosmwrose -b'iles. <4 sis voy bely ot OFF! pruaert woy a edz to Varied nf Wet en o008T silt women of sted ; bed woy iMiw oW + enthgsi'V Yo enieibal Se ~~ gdgien ‘yards yueld erste woy lo enmindos® sdt to smd 3 od? oani ebnad visvlt tag sved baa ost oF 2A uot slog svad : o} 901g dw sod SHHOe te voy sont se paid GnensyeD ti en tonaeM sens) oaly: th Alasdod am ai bapaper _ — 7 sandaaeheT sei uoY Brome noite Mt B ri msi} *c oe __ dajotovai ob bed oved ow asnorw Ainings ‘gliéhiat actin - bodtiugninxs od h*voo sidioqnu tt Idguod: ow intl qtimed. os ae. y s16 9W si guleh Hoy aout Toy .mnsidt Yo soineqistxd ‘feos cae tu ea eye Ms avigiol o? bas na aida oani Rise iS gnc a Oath: | i : ¢anochaol aw bie anni find’ OY ere vhenrd } brs Lesbian, ot woot gribvozo8 A diod ied ; ats eiixoesciah iiak cata ala 2M | ) piace eas ogbul, Hie bas. Hg) tat in | Aine Phil Mla i ve eas nF red uoY cel call aie retlt povistdo Min 1 uOY ¢ jedT mods iot botimoiq oved voy ates m ~cgaodsA rvil ot Yo oo 254 Mifcellaneous Papers. 1722 Sept. 6 And as you give us 2 Belts one from the Chriftians and the other from the Indians of Virginia, fo we give you 2 Belts one for our Chriftians and the other for our Indians. It is fome time ago fince you made this Propofition to us, and you muft not take it amifs, that we have not anfwered you before; It was a thing of Great Importance and fit to be well Confider’d, and it is now agreed not only by all our Sachims, but alfo by all our Warriors as well thofe which were abfent, as thofe which were prefent You have told us that we pafs the great River Kahunrouton and the great Ridge of Mountains, provided we have a paflport from the Governor of New York; And we promife you again not to pafs to the Southward or Eaftward of the faid Boundaries without fuch a Pafport. You told us, after this you had fomething further to propofe relating to the General Peace, which we hope will now fpeak fincerely without diffimulation. You told us, you had a Coronet which you would have held up by our fpeaker, and that at the fame time We fhould make a Shout as a Token of our confent to this Article, which we are now ready to do. And we are now ready fince you have told us you were not Satisfy’d with our words in this matter of Confequence, to fign your Propofitions in the moft Publick manner. All which was perform’d accordingly, and the fpeaker of the Five Nations holding up the Coronet they give Six Shouts, five for the five Nations, and one fora Caftle of Tufearuros lately feated between Oneyde and Onnondage. | And a Memorandum was made under the Propofition of the Governor of Virginia, importing that on the 6% Day of September 1722 the Sachims and Warriors of the wo Ils 3 Yeo Jon» ye tae a wi wy ame 7 stow doidw stod) How as oie wo lie wf ale ml co? ra i nomoinude dh wish, nomy, sabi ee sai eilisiadiale ry ae 7 | noqlsq s ovad ow bobivow ~gabennel! Yo oghi Sh. teorg odt bag” ha" * nisge voy dimoiq. ow bak. gah wo te 1omsved Sd mow | geen o ; esitsbnyoll bist art, to sahil ~w isawslia08 ons 03 deq 02 tom > = ms > TeV bine ears ison ot a fii Ren vrais haliain zid) toite eu blot woY om dog! won Iliw sqod ow doidw: ined’ isons) ons on geinion i) | ; yt: ae va blod vad Bact uo: dointve; adie bad wel eur bhi’ soigghie s ode bhuodt 9 W sant smal: odd on soil? bas wetesdt wo ydiqu Wal te oe. | 916 ow Aoidtw inne gid? of antne wo to cael et mode uk tal ra th ot a ee: ion stow wey ay blot ovad vo, aa ybsst won care ncn ae? ee: cae | agih od odie Yo iestemn aidv ai hiow wo dtiw sreaaat nll a iy - a ar ee i sve tl Fry Gideioke TOG soil de one oid otl7 lo solesq ody bas ciigai 10 ship atuoda ‘Kia ovig yous onc ms) ane ; sel eons T te the & 10 eno bas pc are , 2. ke a ; ye 0 art) go. nee onivaeneseiis ) cin 1 ass ot to exon W ‘aan eae: i: so ! Propofitions to the Five Nations of Indians. z cs Five Nations, together with divers Chiefs of the Tufca- 1722 , pi A ruros made their Anfwer by Ondagfighte a Sachim of 44US- 29 Oneyde their Speaker chofen for that purpofe, and did Solemnly declare the Affent of the whole five Nations including the Tufcaruros and fully agreed to the faid Propofitions relating to the Peace & Boundaries And that in Teitimony thereof they held up the Coronet and fiened thofe Propofitions. Interpreted by Lawrence Clefe into the Dutch Language and rendered into the Englifh by Rob‘ Livingfton. Propofitions made to the five Nations of Indians, Viz, Sennekes, Cayougues, Oneydes, and Mochock by the Governor of Virginia at Albany the 29 day of Auguf? 1722 Sachims and Warriors of the five Nations f AHE Propofitions were, Verbatim the fame as the foregoing only thefe were Signed. - ALEXANDER SPOTSWOOD And on the 6" day of September following, the Sachims and Warriors of the five Nations together with divers Chiefs of the ‘Tufcaruros made their Anfwer Odalifekla a Sachim of Oneyde their Speaker Chofen for this purpofe, and did Solemnly declare _ the Affent of the whole five Nations including the Tufcaruros and fully agreed to the above Propofitions relating to the Peace and Boundaries. And in Teftimony thereof the faid Speaker held up the Coronet, and the Indians gave a Shout, eves 1 tn ani CS HA mda stoitgehiidl® Ye > Pata bay dies, “7 bib: bite yshoquiq= sada a tol a2 nin 9 3a enol avi sleds te | ons, tlt. 2b ylamnol lo bit ors ot bosrgm yf baw Pb boA asimmbavoll BogameD ors mai bna. oeaniend ols qu — Yoon ots om hasabent bas pert WA por wv nodtgaivid dof 2 a cesirueres2. a yoni hp aati, uth, oat oh ane parr. winigny Ye tows adh Qh) doodoobly han aiwond eusgueysd | esha tony, oh hon at qe 7 t aia pon ova ody Sp anie W bas exaidon® griogoit only 2k om ors enisadie ¥ ae omiags. THF i ‘apoweroré AaMARELA et Adu hy or nt (hl poche ‘epi - bas emidoné oda -gniwollct eile ie eh. 4 pls ance ‘4 orl lo nes arovib, sign oR grag tla hes i kd ning eo aa ony oF least -_ = ol hessiseinth — 256 Mifcellaneous Papers. 1722 and divers of their Sachims made their Signs to this Inftru- Aug. 29 ment, Gn ae TAGNAYANONT (Ba ' Sachim of the Mohocks XS Done in the prefence of NatTuaniEL Harrison A Membr of the Council of Virginia _ Witrtam Rosinson a Memb? of the Houfe of Burg Virg :4 Joun Ranpotry Secretary to the Treaty "TEHONNENHOKARAWE als Henric Sachim of the Mcohocks Icuvuepa als; Arya ACNCHIAWCERAT, Sachim Sachim of the Mohocks Dexkanison, Sachim OLsoGHKoRE, Sachim Opatsicuta Sachim & Speaker DacaracHour Sachim OTSIGHWATHIGHSE Sachim DEHAARAGHKORES Sachim sanSpuouug apkaugjo = KanEsKeRowanp Sachim Kaniencove Sachim 3 AYEGHWAGHTA Sachim e OpDIAGHUA Sachim SaGAYENcwarRacHTon \™ alas Briacxercx Sachim A 3 Eo! ; S) Decavisore Great Sachim SAWUITKA & of Onnondague. ADORIES = eS SKETOWAS. é CALM Ope ~ ¥ re ae °. . (> anda is aids ot or “aia, rintgti¥ Yo tals onl rary fi wennanH senior * iV "gi to ste oH only to %dineM 2 wormao A: “wy ~ swAsaxouuamvona Tl vont, ow o} Y1aisyond wesnana A ps o> a 5 mitond oranakl ale ga loos aM arly to PGs es Ta ene ee MAIR: TIOOMSIM AW. a WCE LAT WOME ADAG ante: \ midos2 xorxdard oes o 4 a es PY 4 i IlitvaG | TOHDAR AS ASA axriwad aarsoa A. LAWOTERS net a“ vain a so lta ae “ pe a Yo midoad ie} ptirdond saRoxvinasaanncl midon? . .«ruoawnoer A whet? 8 midon® aradteracO) oe aes aon) ) ee a> 2 » ea) ? -, Reet ay vials aaa ah ; sels aaxonal © ay mito seerer mTawiorrO midoe? \aawosucaee A UGE pics itd aunoaigO a tildes ‘wits’ s rowed fit | loaerary toad : Further Propofitions to the Five Nations. 2577 Prefent. His Excellency Alex" Spotfwood, Governor of Virg? Col? Nath! Harrifon,a Member of his Majeities Council of Virg? Col? William Robinfon,a Memb‘ of the Houfe of Burg® of Virg?. Col? Peter Shuyler\ Efgr Com?s = The further Propofitions of the Peter Vanbrugh Gov" of Virginia to the five Hend: Hennfe for the Nations of Indians on the 10" John Collins, of September 1722 immedt- Phillip Levingfton/ Ind=s Affairs ately after the Indians had ended their Anfwer to Sir William Keith Bart Go- vernor of Penfylvania. Interpreted by Lawrence Claefe into the Dutch Language, and render’d into the Englifh by Robt Levingfton. Sachims and Warriors 3° CNINCE the Bounds between your Indians and Our’s are y firmly agreed upon ’tis neceflary now to declare the Names of the Several Nations of Indians which the Govern- ment of Virginia engages for, And thofe are the Nottoways, Meherins, Nanfemonds, Pamunkeys, Chicahominys, and the ~ Chriftanna Indians whome you call the Todirickroones, but we comprehend under that name the Saponies Ochineeches Stenke- knocks Meipoutfkys and Toterofe; All the aforenamed Indians haveing their prefent Settlements on the Eaft fide of the high Ridge of Mountains and between the two great Rivers of - Potowmack and Roanoke which you call Kahungarouton and Kenentchenechke, And on the other hand it is ht at this time that you declare the names of all thofe Nations whome you Kk? 1722 Sept. 10 im | J a j x 1 } " 7 f : 7 4 ‘eV ay ‘* a en ler Wy hy ami hg Kays “he * Owes My b iy My ta O1 .3qod put ee ed ‘s1iV Yo , to ae “mi V to tino is dir to v9derreV a, solire cH | tits aM . oi to*givtl lo ae oils Yo" dena ty adiaido me eat habe. « shy he onethoqoh: stra, at ae) "fa ae WA De i, siniy TM 8 Hor SO) oth tame Le veneate y', | orl a. ~inownink £6 ‘So codineysqa ” ® " ee | ‘enillet) pores ta 4 ayvmthark 3) duet Loive 291 rancid bist: BS sry ni ae) pitsored | feel enoissY asibal dow yrove bineanser bas otis ar oie T9qo1q: ony geovad © blo® bre b rIOg) eI? 10 ae of juq od 09 oldayl wack ods we ai jon Ulive ‘Bil hig V to jngemaxavor? ons s bak ,; oval ke isl? Yo ets o} ob [eh yoy oi resndw ot | noite’ base duid oda to ob dno ati only ao ‘solar Mash wort: sctorly ansibal s Hi moqu too of son fom steyoot iwoy ot ttisinvoll we aghist | utob sinkgni Vv doidep qittbaait bas s sonal ot Yo dosed yas MOmnIoVvor) sd VE wrote » vid oda ddtw ovisiong: or H od pein sve Or sini asibal TOY ta bare ree 0 aun Horn , em.) fy r nD 2 haps ren bia: of he bik dhs me ed} no bas soit | Yo avoids hut aliqooq” HEY Yo riot -ytiw Sdo- andy statis ‘tod 1 QAMOY sldemavogny bas divivet woy agilde Nie aedy wold) 9 a, ody of ‘(onio’ ays wie -pived) euls easel agned) pare i Me s yllewAnuq som ondide” ol ‘Bus’ exobla tied? Yo eis ys dndl itt dr ict ode Of 9 ‘jlguodr ved ennidose ody aii yason'h i atic ina VE 23 ww, 26 Tw ee aiolieV. orth 0% eT avloT nl bas eso —baA penuo non 9 ovig I wold did'y yd bawod gnisd emvsibe a - ylui. mio? Oo? eornld ie oe — resvbtid Woy bos woe 7 ONES: vadyid at ddguord owed’ L. (i nt obenismos ai sade ba 0 ni i aybou won bas signi Yo rtnoloD od: Yo tap eM a its “ahomaaovat Di Further Propofitions to the Five Nations. 259 a ali Prepofitions of the Goveruor of Virginia made to the five 1722 Nations on the 11t* of September 1722. Sept. 11 rey Sachims and Warriors, 5 T appears to be a Method. agreed upon by your five Na- tions to receive no Propofals, nor have any manner of Treaty with any of the Englifh Provinces than through the Governor of New York to which you belong; Wherefore Virginia expects you fhould obferve the fame Rule with refpect to that Government, And that you fhould not at any time offer to treat with the Indians belonging to that Colony but thro’ the Government there; And if you fhould come to Virginia with an Intent to treat with our Indians in any other Manner though you fhould have a Paflport from the Governor of New York you muft expect it will be held void, and you will be treated as if you came without it & with this Propofition I give you a Belt. You fent me laft Year a Belt of Wampum asa Teftimony of your promife that you would Seize and carry to Virginia fome Runaway Negroes belonging to that Colony, whenever you did difcover and mect them in the Woods. Now I make a General Propofition to you on Account of Runaway Negros and Slaves, belonging to Virginia, Vizt That if any fuch Negro or Slave fhall hereafter fall into your hands, you fhall ftraight way conduct ’em to Col? George Mafons Houfe on Potowmack River, and I doin behalf of that Colony engage that you fhall there receive immediately upon Delivery of every fuch Run- away, one good Gun, and two Blankets, or the Value thereof, And in token of this Propofition and Engagement I lay down 5 Guns & 500 Flints, ~ 7° You fent this Year to demand of Virginia four Indian Boys to be delivered up to you, for four of your Meffengers eye eet at se to VannSM ers owed 1A alsloqur4 on poke one enoit . orf quotd). asf eaonivor’ Milout od? to yas ¢ iw} ie ile: iV ¢yaolsd, HOY dxidw oi thot wot to. omsvod ty cate dtiw oly ia serial oda awisido bluont HOY aBoqxe 1 ue is gi 1oflo Seat) 7 18 | lon bigot uoy ey bo A dnranaisve ty} ancl ¢ ov it “ord dud yttol Ow > andi a} BMIeNo} ioe ensibnt oid dive a” aoa ae ; ae diiw siniynV ot seg blirodtt LN , ti ba A : rad? taemansy Aquods ranaskl, 1adio qe ai ensibnl wo dsiw sort a 19 : i ‘ “* ¥ , , a » ; x I : fia Y woVi ia to onary a ore a A noqlisd 2s oved ‘bluod we ae ) > 2 ) ; es baises od tirw voy ban , hiov biod od Iw: ii Baqus Alum woy . j ¥ i g uoy avig IT mois hoger, aid? sliiw Bat sori etik nog i 7 ‘y no ae. ae ia yaom ihe T x ae tut eg ie 5 tist. 5 a Het om ind wo i z sini Ol YILED bt aa we | LOW OY sal oii arog WEY teal pe rvoeorw ~yoolo.) dy a 9) 30 ols eoorge V1 yews SA omc teen ; worl. . .2be WE ed} Ai mod) Joorn bas. roi, bib at 207931 Noleme Yo myos2A 10 uy 04, aoitoqort tern orgeVi tlouk yas ti ig T ‘si sinigni V ot gaignolod aval tits sini lect yoy abnsd woy oat Hist isiizored Hed ove ies Josmwoi0d no swoll gnolelvi syi0st) “09 of sis * Buk 104 hers we , add ~ sels Hadi 4 ees dats to eet ai ob T has gov domads owls Vv as 30 sade ows bans me boos 2ito rs nwob yal [3 soonest. J bas noisitogor aids ing ms dor « st mal swe sinigniY iy a ot wo ai rU95 gnohoM| bei ® Yo we): 10} pets oe ei a a i le i cil lo do oe a 1722 Dept. 11 260 Mifcellaneous Papers. which, you alledged, our Indians had poifon’d, whereupon I muft tell you that, that Government has abfolutely rejected your Demand, and is too {trong & powerfull to be Scared by the Threats of the Five Nations into any unjuft Complyance ; And I am here ready to juftify, not only our Indians againft this Charge; but.alfo to anfwer for the Colony of Virginia and give all due Satisfaction if you can make it appear that our People have ever broken the Covenant Chain with any of the Five Nations. And to put you in Mind of what I fay on this head, I lay down five Bundles of Beads. : 8 On the other hand, I came hither to accufe the People of the five Nations, of divers Hoftilities Robberies, and repeated Broches of their Treaties, but fince you have declared your ‘defire that all paft offences fhou’d be forgiven & forgot, and have now on your part readily paft over an Injury received from a Chriftian in Penfylvania ; And more efpecially feeing you have fo fully concured in my Propofition of the Boundaries which if you if duely obferved muft effectually prevent all future Difor- ders and Injuries to Virginia; I fhall at this Jundcture, forbear all particular Charges againft you, except only that I muft fay, you have fo greatly wronged this Perfon (Capt Robt Hicks) when you kill’d his Negro with about Seventy of his Horfes and plunder’d him of a Confiderable Cargo of Goods; That to fhew the five Nations have any fenfe of Juftice, they cannct but make him fome Amends and Reparation of his Loffes. And in Token of Virginia now burying all Revenge and enmity for your paft mifdeeds, I lay down a Belt. gt Above 600 Miles have we from Virginia come hither to treat with you nine days after the appointed time of our Meet- ing did we wait before I could have the Opportunity of {peaking to you, and nine days longer before you anfwer’d my firft propofitions; So that feeing a Treaty at albany occafions fo much Trouble and Expence you muft not expect that the ‘ > le Ts 4) a ' q iw a n hs Gore aN T noquardw sn befdeja1 ylowlolds yd boise ad o1 ti» — - ;sonslqmoD: Aujnu Yan finiegs enkibnl 19 ving - ‘efit: pets - : 7 bas sintgV te yaoloD Sry nk ‘oi ld olgos ive teil) re9qqK I oli 90 wor, i ees a ie mg + svi ‘ont to yas dsiw nied? saenov0" od7 noitord $91 a a ebaod eid io yA I tedw Ae ‘bail ni voy WY 02 baA |. | | ‘Shit w zalbaul are ae Io slqooT od? duze8 oF a oe I .boxd radio sf nO % hassoqan bax ,wiiddod asittfifioH eravib to ence ovit pee : woy betalosb ovad voy sont’ tud 2onetT tiadt To een ae bas Jogrot % nevigiot od Binge .2osnsio fag “ile ads > bed a inoth bavieoa1 yin! ns 19¥0 Sine qlib: bo Neq WOT no won ec “ 5 oved voy gnisel yifsiosqiy sign beh ‘ singviyiney ni asifindD 2 mv ‘i doide zoimebnvod off YW nobtiioqord yun of be1won02 yilin a oi | “oti own fs snoverq yllawBeRe fim bsvisido yloub Yi woy uae ‘imodiot stv few], add te ital 1 ysinigiV o1 cotwial bas awh eval fais I derlt ylao pone Boy firings aoguet isluaisiag, fie Sct (edit do ga) nohel eile begeoiw ylinstg ot ovat Hoy © Flas ashiokt ain to Ytovoe Suisital” dive o1ga la end bi uo % nodw we an tad’T ; eboo® Yo ‘ogre oldatibiinoD x Yo" tail bosbaulg Baa! ‘ae jonnaa Yods sotftyt Yo Stnsit ynw overt eroitall ovit adi wadil o1 zoho! 2id to nopeiqat bas ebaom A omndt nid bat n ind bas sgnaveAl Ils gaiymd won sinigitY Yo | alo ni “baA | Moll & nyvob yal 1 ghoabiinn Mag - oO oh imag of wodhtid ond. ainighV not aw ovad oli 068 | -199 Mi ae to orhis botniaggs ott voila 2yab onin voy da giialssd) Yo ying oflt oved bluco F sited ‘sisw ow a an i frit ym b‘iwwine voy sted ragnol eyab bar i a Ot enollss20 (andtis 16 gent aniost sel ett ony dec’ Doge ion fluent voy’ saint mn Me’ > its Further Propofitions to the Five Nations. 261 Government of Virginia will again agree to the renewing of it 1722 after this manner in this place; Wherefore let not your young Sept. 11 Warriors be pofleff’d with the foolifh Expectations of Provoking a Governor of Virginia by their Incurfions to come hither again to perfwade you to obferve this Treaty; for, be aflured, the people there are refolved henceforth to compel an Ob- fervance thereof and I hope, your firm Intentions are to behave yourfelves fo towards Virginia, as that we may forever acknow- ledge the five Nations to be our friends & Allies, And in Teftimony of our Underftanding this prefent Treaty to be made upon this Footing of what I have declar’d in my foregoing Propofitions, I fhall fo foon as I have received your Anfwer lay down fuch a confiderable Token, as that not only your Sachims & Warriors but alfo your Women and Children may bear fome Remembrance of this Treaty. | —!, wea Th a ir Pate Re : yer id boris’ od uot 4 ~fO am foqittod 07” oviiod of o18 enoirernatd real mIOY wate wondas TVvIIOt yan ow pnd es uinigti V ebsawot Py og ; ent A Wabasit uo od os eaniset vit od5 aabe ee yieor' seshoug aie? genily iW 10 Yo yne ; | yin cl b'ssioeh ovedt 1 torte Yo poate eis noqur ee od . a woy bsvisvet oved Lam Wed ol lindt I enoittogorT gitlegot ylito sor serl? as aotet widicisbines s doa newob vel sawhaA naablid bas nomoW we Gls wd noite W 2 zcaiosB-awoy | be sel aici Yo vonuidenstne smal ns yen - ‘e a.) + oe ar a aa BERET EE De eas ? ¥ ve , yw ba ‘= be i) ie oe " vat iy. ey iv a _ wit wd aie Ay Nei s a , : u b mS A we 4 "7 glk OF re ni Re > a or per ial Aa) Si | Wie ae Ate & ? , 1722 Sept. 12 Nee eee 262 Mifcellaneous Papers. A further Anfwer of the five Nations to His Excellency Alexan- der Spotfwood Governor of Virginia in Albany the 121* of Sepr 1729. Prefent His Excellency Alexander Spotfwood Governor of Virginia, Col? Nathaniel Harrifon, Efq' one of his Majefty’s Council of Virginia Cole Wii™ Robinfon Efq' a Mem! of the Houfe of Burgeffes of Virginia. Col® Peter Schuyler \ Hend, Hanfe Efgs Comm* Peter Hanbrugh Phill, Livingfton John Collins Jo® Bleecher of Indians Brother Afiarigoe OU are come 600 Miles to treat with us and we are very i Glad to fee You. You have made your Propofitions to Us, wherein you call us, Sachims and Warriors of the five Nations, and acquinted us, fince we agreed not to pafs the River Kahongarouton, nor the great Ridge of Mountains; that there is a Law in Virginia prohibiting us to pafs that River or thofe Mountains, under the Penalty of being tranfported and fold for Slaves, or put to Death; We do affure you, we are well Satisfied with that Law, and defire that thofe Boundaries may be for ever obferved. You have alfo told us that you will engage for ten Nations of Indians in Virginia, that they fhall not pafs to the North fide of the River Kahongarouton nor to the weftward of the Mountains, and that if we fhou’d meet with any of them without thofe Bounds We might ufe them as we pleaf’d, without breaking this Peace; Notwithftanding pee eke a = si as \ehon a coed fl nig Io TONDO bested? iobnahll ‘otiohioaaet | beni tian e*yflojall ait Yo tho "pt A adie IsinesittaVt “Io oy | i sinigiV to ny . aogivil to StuoH odt Yo Saal het rotaidodt ashy a ene ging Yo” talynitiod pets | ae : / ‘mmo "2A | stars ,basH \ . ei i ai How Fi Set sore't mts pati Ae} MAG TERY ‘hak 3 Dae oftg eivid flit PR bis e's eli uk yi aA f , i a mitted aflol 2 es +e : % \ wilooolG * of \ . ‘ - ; sh" : oogitsNA widioWh Y av sik ow bas ev dit dao of eol[M ood emes ors UO 6} enoititoqotl woy sham dyed woY .uo¥ asl of bal” ovit sii to cron W bag emidoee 2 le uoy nisradw “aU eu ols asq of jon boorge ew sani 2s beniupoe bas anole . i — ted? ; entero Yo ogbia teat oft 200 aoivoregnods A revit zee is 10 toviAl taeda etaq oF au ities’ sinigi¥ ai wal sai stort ne bns bottodtaei gried io lena acts vebaw enissuoM Sorts” ote ow oy owls ob 2W _¢ ress ot 20q 10 eovele 10 b a ae | asitebri vol Slory ted3 o1iteb bas ewel sedd iw ee ee ie llivw voy sad2. eu blo: ls svad uoY .bovaside ave iol od-q Hed yods sad caittign ¥ al easibal lo eaoitsV aor asl ong ge o1 ion notuomgnods A 1evit emt Yo obit dno adasor as oom bvorll ow 1 sod? bine g@nisriuel ‘edt Yo TB how : f eg mods at aegien o VW —, bans op pre ‘yas dai A further Anfwer of the Five Nations. 263 which we affure you, if any of your Indians fhall happen in our 1722 way, we wil] not hurt them, but treat them as friends, and give Sept. 12 them Victuals fo defireous we are of being at Peace with them, Brother Aflarigoe As you engaged for ten Nations, fo do we Viz' for the five Nations and for the Fufcaruros and Conneftogoes, Chuanoes, Ochtaghquanawrorocnes, Oftagankees which live upon Safqua- hana River. You likewife told us, that we had made it a Rule, not to treat with any of the Neighbouring Governments but at Albany, fo you expected we fhould not treat with your Indians but through the Government of Virginia, and that tho’ we fhould with a Pafs, we muft not treat feperately with thofe In- dians, for the pafs will be lookt upon as Void if we fhould. We agree to this Propofition, and promife that we wili not at any time make any Treaty with the Virginia Indians without firft acquainting the Governor therewith, and thereupon we give a Belt. Brother Afiarigoe 3 You told us yefterday, that you would not fum up any of our former Mifdeeds, but would forgive all that was paflt. We acknowledge, our People have been guilty of a great many bad AGtions, and heartily thank you that you are fo good as to forgive them, And as to that honeft man Cap‘ Hicks we own our People did rob him of a great confiderable Booty, and did him a great deal of Mifchief; But by an Accident that befell us afterwards, it happen’d we got very little by it, for the woods being very dry, by the Negligence of fome of own people, took fire, and thereby we loft the moft part of what we had taken ; Neverthelefs when we are able, we do promife to make that poor Man fome Reparation for his lofs, but at this Juncture we are not in a Capacity of doing it. We have now made a Peace . ge” sett wo ni ogg it — . “Ses 1qo2 ovig baa basi pier wntod daive s269 pe tiod ' an a e wm — SOS ie ovn out WA ‘xiV ow ob i eho aad ont bogegn Hoy 2A 23008 sud (220 BOR: 20a00 bas counsawT ods 1 : a enol vA ~auplae noqu: svil’ foidlwe exodki:! gehO Sn 20101 VESURUE dy ritlot oludA a ti oben bal owemd scale hlot oliwsdil uot ae | ay ahd iG tud einomawwon) gakgmiiipiol{ scl to yan ssi ses * 1308 nsibal ao0y aah w sso Jon blyo: vif sw bofsaqus woy ot ot ned ow a dart i ning ¥ Yo 1ommpsvoD sda dguowls 9 ud «nt Sorls diiw yisanzoegeh thoy? lon fium ow ,2icT 2 diiw ‘blue dt vo ow TH bio Ves eq tlool od iw dag odd sh jemi 1s: JON Hive ow sate sthinong bee .soistloqorT: sid: 09 so7ge ae i ensibul simight¥ als ind visor yur sda omit ye | a ow noquarods time piiiersiasds 1, oaiavoD ods ——T fi to a a call nal ttl iy F . * f ' i rd , ry ; “* ; : ‘ | ae omits futon we Ie (oe qu prvi) 100 blest Hoy, Ids , RDI oY au blor yoY = oY ddeq eaw dedp ie eviga a bluow pi saboobliM. vom a bad wanes mo Moy & 30. “(iiy nosd oved alqasd WO: agbsiwortos ot es boog ch om poy gale veg dnadsylinssd bas, nih nwo ow wait (qe) maior flonad sed2o4 e9 bok, enads svigiot bib bas pysootl aldssbitios dnarg 2 to ood dor bib olqosT we ih listed sot) anabiz2A on od owe ‘191d iM. to leob) wes pow ot tot gi 7d sla yey Jogiow, bia nsqqad 3i 2b does ,siqosg nwe Yo omg Yo, any nilgoV oda yd oe F nos bad ow wah wit val ee — Aol, Bayer ee bos oa ow 91 ie aiufy 7 oa Be “ iad et nolo 928) Be obum won ovad AoW bias b 7 2.64. Mifcellaneous Papers. + 1722 with you, and we hope it will be by us and our Childrens Sept. 12 Children for ever; And thereupon we give a Belt. Neate Brother Aflarigoe As to the Pronoddag you made relateing to Negroes We promife that if any Runaway Nezroes or Slaves fhall happen to fall into our Hands, We will carry them to Col? Mafons on Potowmack River, for the Reward propofed; But as to thofe Negroes, which you faid, we promifed laft year to fend home, We hope you’l excufe us, becaufe they lye very much out of our way, and may be had more eafily by other Indians. Yet if we can Serve Virginia in any other thing, We fhall be Glad of an Op” of doing it. Now Brother Aflarigoe Since we are refolved in cafe We fhould find any of your Virginia Indians, on the Weft fide of the Great. Mountains or the Northfide of the River Kahongarouton not to do them any hurt, We defire you would tell them when they make Fires beyond thefe Boundaries to lay a Stone in them, when they leave their Quarters; And we will do the fame, which will be a fign to us both, that our Friends have paff’d. And laftly, we delire that this Peace may be kept by Us and our Childrens Children, who will rejoice for the Making and conducting thereof. We have 4 Small Prefent to make you and hope you will accept it tho’ it is a fmall one, and excufe us that we are not able to give more, And then they gave fome Furs and Deerfkins. The Governor told them they had taken.no notice of the Propofition wherein he Mentioned their Demand of four Indiar Boys to be deliver’d up to them, io four of their Meflengers, which they had Charged the Virginia Indians with poifoning ; and defired to know whether they were Satisfied that Acculation For? sori owe ba ah ; oVW esonys o} gitistalsr pbaet wor noisi | eA | ot neqyad Heh zovele to esorya| ohare xan 2 ce no andinM. lo of modi ried, WwW abr’ et Pa} ts : Stods o 28 wil ; bsteqorq brewoil ot 10 poviA PT aR. mot bast o: ta9y ial batimowg 9 gw bidt voy” ‘Holdtyr | 0 wo dour yoy, ayl yods Suwerad pau DKS [uoy ho a nd, ti 19% .ansibal rerhio yo lites: non bad'od. yeon bas Re wo here, Yo baled 9d lad aW agai vatae yor ni sinigaV ov nes. Sw sath: oti gniob t0 gO. n ih ees i's geal AZ a % . soynshAé nadpontl 01s pit rcs wmoy to yns bok bhvod We oto ii bovidier-omt ow, said ‘ ae eas ee 10 enismpoM ses¥O ons Yo.9be AoW adr co etivibal siaigai¥ re ie abe yns sot ob 07 Jon doworsgnoite a roviAl add to. obitdrioA odd Wa 3 entid saAsen yods aodw mods He bluow voy oilsb SW oul yy 4 gveol vod? sadw mods ni one ® yal os zaissbavodl sted bnoysd - agit nad fiw doidw mal oat wb fiw ow baA { eronsuQ tiods, . : A Taq, oad ebnoinl wo gedd -tliod, 2 oF ma bus 2U yd sqoat od yar sonal widin tanta vritob ow yittel baal.» , er a bas git ene sila tot osicter Hive odheegaoabbics), enmiblidD 390 © 99 a voy salen or indict Hemens gead o V7 Jooreds. gaifubsor Coa ey Suoxe big ;ono Hermite éj ti ‘aald N Iqo208' live oy, aqod bag os ie smat sveg youd node ‘bare ee ovig 02 ade ton nis Pope a ite. eit ol - i o - ‘ ont to solomon pew bad - enh bios 3 azibul suet to basmetl rod baneinne Mi od hive : iogactehi siedd to tail, 1, geovngld, o3 qu oF i yainctiag diiw aosibal sinkpi¥ ody bogy on noisslugah ge0l3 beanie: aw wo rodiod 33 mr rad 0 A further Anfwer of the Five Nations. 265-264 was juft. To which they Anfwered, they well aflured it was L722, not fo: That one of the Perfons, who went with thofe Indians Sept. 12 to Virginia, was then prefent, and they were ‘Satisfied they died ee natural Deaths, and had nothing to accufe Virginia of. The Governor thank’d them for their Prefent and faid he did not look upon it, according to its Value but accepted it, as if it had been much more. He faid he wifhed it had been Greater only on Account of Capt Hicks to whom he gave it as a {mall Satisfaction of the Damage he had fuftained by the five Nations. Then they withed hima good Voyage home, and told him they, fhould be Glad to hear of his fafe Arrival. Then the Governor told them, he muft take particular Notice of their Speaker and give him a Golden Horfe-Shoe, which he wore at his Breaft, and bid the Interpreter te]l him, there was an Infcription upon it which Signified, that it would help to pafs over the Mountains; And that when any of Their People fhould come to Virginia, with a pafs, they fhould bring that with *em ; And then the Gov’ gave ’em his prefents which amouned to about Three hundred & fifty Pounds New York Money. Interpreted by Lawrence Chaefe. into the Dutch Language & rendred into Englifh by Rob! Livingfton. FINS, sett ‘pew a bout How yada “cbanewho 1 249% ensibal ‘Holt di w tow dw nolist ~~" bib youl borainee’ a8 rod ) bas “in ae signs ie ug9g.e2 goirhionek brut bie ad bib od bid ber rndtotl, abs 2a moat bile svou tA h ° Pavan, ri eS 3 ~ i ¥ ae . | ti 2s efi bara: [2998 wd oe #i1 0) gnibovae ti mogit ae 30 qsie91k) stood bad i i bent ve ‘on | bia off ’ org dou = pence | anit & 2k 21, S¥eg od raga o) 242 ot Hh. ge Yo. a Vn no ¥ enoiinVl syit adi yd Lonightei hai od ognmsCh adr Yo ac e(on cuit blot bre va oan pgayo'/ boog’ se maith: sa a df | ayia ot zid Yo wnsd of bal od BI 1 tf ae vole odet Daven od .cxodi blos vonrrs0® disinadT ce 7 ot doidw poirot nebo) s. mid a bns rodesq2 visds as ani bepioienenth toa" tauponal » od: bid bas Heat aid te now etnty OJ qiad [ bi vow P iwAly cboiti its ie tl laid ui noqu noisgiAal ne sigost voll to yas aay asl ‘$k’ enisinuoll sy 130 daiw sels gatid bls nih a k sive cinign¥ o} fans blur + bonwonrs toidw lh aid mo" ovsg ‘vor ons nods baA im by ‘ies ‘yonoht to ¥ wot cbawve J ywiit Be borbeid ood T ae otal . eed) somstwad yd b squat ‘dai berbass agsugnal dau ods ¥ nofgaivic ‘dont Be a *: ba BBINGTON, John, 152. Abftinence, 46. Addrefs upon War with Tufkaro- ros, 192, 193; Anf{wer ta, ‘ye. Affidavit of Tho. Harrifon, 105 ; of William Roffell, 100; of F. Thornton, 99; of Date of Set- tlement, 99. Air Furnace, 62, 70, 74; defcribed, Tos Albany, Treaty at, 260, 263. Allegany, Source of, 117. Allen, Colonel, 33. Allen’s Creek, 33, 39. Alum Spring, 72, American Colonies, Statement of Wilham Keith upon, 214. Anfwer to Reply on Payment of “Debts, 159. Appamattuck, Point of, 9. Appomattux River, 9. Apricots, Letter concerning, 185. Argalus, 81. Armftead, Colonel, 78. Arrows, Ufe of, by Indians, 169. Artifice fulpeéted, 108. Affarigoe, 252, 262. Afhler, Plafter refembling, 212. BAcoN, Jofiah, 152. Bacon, Nathaniel, 204. Bahama Iflands, 68. Baker, George, 152. Ball, Mr., 116. Banilergwit-; 1,°2) 40410, 11, 17, 35> 36, 39. Banifter River, 10. Bankruptcy, 159, 160. Barber, Captain, 116. Barradall, Mr., 118. Baradel, Mr., 89, 115. Bar Iron, Colt of, 58. Barret, Rich., 152. Bafflett, William, 206. Bayly, Arth., 152. Bear killed wggnza p26. Beech Trees, Infcription on, 22, 2A Beggar’s Opera, 47. Belt delivered, 260, 264. Bendall, Hopefer, 152. Betty, Mr., 34. Beverly, Henry, 134, 138. Beverly, Col. William, 78, 94, 104, 119, 131, 133. Birch, Mr., 3. Birch’s Creek, 10, 38. Birch Wine, Recipe for, 188. Blackifton, Mr., Recipe for making Wine, 188. Bladen, M., 139. Blair, James, 159, 206. Blafting Rocks, 42, 56, 81. Bleecker, Jos., 262. Blue Stone Caftle, 3, 5, 6,7, 8, 10, J, 383039) Board of Trade, 225. Boath, James, 152. Bolling, Colonel, 36, 39. Bolling, Robert, 2, 10, 31, 33. Booker, Mr., 41, 42, 80, 82. Boucher’s Creek, 5. : s . Uy all Pane i” Seat nv) ‘4 » i fy ‘Py lee Pao tb 4 7 ¥ “ab rT ely iad d ‘211 08 aM g obit 82,10 ho mre nes onl gael QOS, mali nohed 821 dA, wees -, Se ies Ot betel (Sh .do: HOkgialal wort, toa ae

. £2 ,dinrepaed. aotgei $0 (Qo Swe Yo ,deibhh. 2 £2 «tM jlvwrtide Pwmrvow of do waWinA, j Keith, Sir William, 213; Difcourfe by, 214; Anfwer to Memorial Of, 228! Kenentchenechke, 257. Kenner, Parfon, 73, 74. Kent, John, 152. Kerby, Mr., 75. Kewawees, 20. King George County, 72, 123. King William County Road, 79. AND, Abundance of, 224. Lane, Tho., 152. Laffells, Edw.) 152: Latitude to be obferved, 97, 101, LOZ, Tor io. Lawfon, 36. Legiflative Power of Colonies, 219, 232) Lee, Fran, 'rg2. Leman, Edw., 152. Letter to flothful Surveyors, 104. Levingfton, Philip, 257, 262, ZO0! Leviflone, Mrs., 72. Levit, Sir Rich.; 152. Lightfoot, Major, 73. Lightfoot, Wm., Death of, 80, Littlepage, Edmo., 152. Livingltone, Robert, 251, 255. Lomax, Mr., 78. Lords Commifiioners, Opinions of, 8s. "OO Page pkey vss yo ae aye RE wobellewbs) who ne 231 slosdpi ‘evo 2E pe Obs c apt & * ¥ . >% - p > . + | fi ’ 208 08, ODS 10 “QE vied ie ‘8 mo D gaps tg ht aM, 82 pt sonDaeane 1 bal Ye bast sai} Os ache 1 4 nagor 5 AOLOHB DT 2. ot ‘ana a o . , street Cl :p15 m0 eae ie IQ. biol aslol pine A soll 0% phe say [PER Qed 208 asblog oashoH ww Bsa de o. oy 83 JetmbA astiokt 22 aidosnsdatesned Set aW Joobye 7 bY BT ora’ tas _ «¥2 aM Hq 23) ,odol grew 201 glest), (Bas vale -& 26. iit .0ds aaiddod dtiwe 22e vert oat 102 msnoitingad ot ‘paoiunfiai f SPL whe camel 41Q nae to ehouod . Briel, we pO ,woyortnd hidioh of yamedl we »8Q..bome qmor wnainenfiak S08 7S iqilid roflgaivad !2 Op do eis .gaidam ye Oba ne ir): ee egainthy ape fe ae 8X aM. onohivat ie 8G baal iF dpe S2T AIA We Qik ve 4 sep qto ab £% 0M Jootaall | falls eS 08 Jo iin nn ooottidgil S31 ,.ombad oyequlit aie tgs isda eo ck Sa a Sh OM a a ae do en aged esuoillin 0) ebbing Ts : 272, Lords of "Yrade,128, 206, 228- Reprefentation to, 206. Lorreign, Duchefle of, Recipe for Soup, 188. Lowland Creek, 17. Pidwel, Philip,’ r14,. 295, 124, 138, 206. f ATIDENHAITR, 26. Malt Houfes, Floors of, 190. Manufactures of var 218. Maoftie Creek, 38 Map, 3, 110, rit; to be made, 2, 161, TO2, 103, 104, go5, tras ate. F15, 116, 17, P22" Duplicate fent to the King, 127; of Lands in North Carolina, 37. Maquafe, 249, 251. Marij, Monfieur, 46, 48; Madame, 46. Marlborough, Duke of, 98. Marriage, 45. Math, Rich., 152. . Martin, Colonel, 78, 79. Mafon, Col. George, 259. Mattaponi River, 79. Maffaponux, 61, 62, 70, 74. Mayo, Naor, 9. 10,919,225 23) oe it 40, 010; 117. Mayo, William, 100, 101. Mayo, Mr., 97, 114, 1153 Sur- veyor, 120, 122. Meckotick Creek, 104, 105. Medway, 12, 38. Meherin River, 257. Meipoutfkys, 257. Merchandize, 163. Merchant’s Hope Point, 36. Military Strength, Remarks o Ae Militia, 223, 238. Mills, 41, 42, 52. Mine, Stith’s, 33. Mines, Account of, 61, 723 Vifit to, 70. ay AA haey 190% on, Index. Mineral Springs, 72. Mining defcribed, 70; Mania for, rp Mirror broken by a Deer, 59. Mifletoe of the Oak, 1go. Mitchell, Peter, ro. Maofty Creek, 12. Mohak, 255 Monfon, 139. Moon’s Mount, 77. Wlorhis, Wier: 6.0, 7,. LO, EOP RE p-ioe 1d Morris’s Creek, 11, 38. Mott’s Land, 100. Mount-joy, Captain, 100, Mumford, Colonel, 1, 36, 38; Mum! fords “Wiajor, Wy To}"31, 35, 33. Mumford, Mr., 31. Mumford’s Quarter, 5, 6, 9. Munday, John, c52: Murray, Mr., 136. Mufcovy, Tar-making in, 210. ANSEMONDS, 257 Neétarines, 185. Needler, Mr., 115. Nelfon, Mr., 55. New Brick Church, 79. New England Politics, 65, 66. Nicholfon, Jofhua, 33, 39. Nicholfon, Francis, 202. Nicolas Di) Gs. Norman’s Ford, 79. North, Arthur, 152. North Branch, Rappahannock, 97, 99, 101, 103,123. North Carolina, Affairs in, 196, 1973; ‘Commiflioners, 26; In- dians, 192, 193. Northern Neck, Survey of, 108, 190, 112, 416; Proceedings of Commiffioners for laying out, 33. Nott, Edward, Lieut. Governor, Vz2a, 137, 263; Grant of, 134. A Ae 4 | “RY stnaing? kanse iM £ act sine i if | ‘fadinalab 3 sn jee recs ki vd pee 107i O91, a0 alt To ; or cet ff £4 dood yhuely | “228 rn a 02% wicltoh 8 el taney pol | Yo neat owoH. ‘aa Vie vl I Of © 0.5 .riehl mone: Bis oincloD Yo estufsignn he Oe ee ee 8¢ ond siftosM .. Lo Be bt ver. ey ino hen of oF 4011 Ors it alt tae he: ban ee: 2OE .pOT fOr 800 for eH a 0) cri, OEE RU bem :.50% a3 * Ret sitlA ody oF todh sisoilqul ‘A a 6 QF... .0he sciloisD dno aj ebagd er at te alt OF of Aon Mi brolimalt res © ¢ towpaM At ; an vac RRA gene be li 1 gBp dy + ewrilnol g(a - on ig tt aM .baotemlvi . ae ae O40 2 71H weit) 2 brotersy hdl 89 do odutt iran ak ug ze adel] pysbaa Bley 2) gaitieM ait 4 it VE ev ME | S245 . toa Mee =. ae ar ili mo ighiy =x: OTS tH goign: TH é gros . i OF a do aglo>’ Rr a ¢ , ae Qk 291098) 10 yale. a. tes ACMOMMeMA TA K ret it iaoqamaMh - a 281 enrol ae oe 20,10) sunoneheM coe a QE etl lbooWh, em j0s eh 21 @ coin ops - ‘kis <2 0 gett) RORDVE 2 4 Tia OLE me $b SS by or fl vel P eiaty wovl nk POR (904 ‘EE, a a O9..20 eaisilo’d baslgnd vier” WC PQhk yhNE Te vl a be 0 AOR EE aD fol Jtollodar 7D, , Pel aS ODE, 20% tio’ 1 notodai7i). § .208 por ghee doi : | 22 ed cg a ea al Qh biol e'asartoVE.. ee ae tt & betsy cud ake eae cudtrids anol. VQ daonnsdeggaAl dane dot. 7 ~ 54 Pee | »TOl Oe ra i Peso | efit mths aa Poe stor 7 es iol hae gine pipe “il Os xocoitimme? 2 cot chao th ae fl ve nad ae ‘ eit ae G4 Ot eee ER at ‘ | 60% in YevIOe Yoo awit. 2) Rea y i io egtibssogs pond hk GOEL Maids a ai " avy + v4 be ] 78 300 ge gst tat tin noiimme oe tomsved, suai dwewbl ysl iY ¢f Att go seni) tEOR WET wat . Index. Nottoway River, 2, 3, 38. Nottoways, 257. C AK, Mifletoe of the, to cure, 190 Ga Ifland, 5, 8, 9. Occaneechy Neck, 33. Ochineeches, 257. Ochtaghquanawrorocnes, 263. Odalifekla, 255. Ondagfighte, 255. Oneydes, 249, 251, 254, 255. Onnondage, 252, 254. ; Onnondages, 251. Ounundaques, 249. Orders in Council, 84. Oftagankees, 263. Otway, Mr., Receipts 187. for Wines, AMUNKEYS, 257. Panthers, 28. ' Paper Money, 230, 246. Parke, Rich, 4 92. Pafpatanfie, 105. Patent of Lord Fairfax recited, 84. Peach Drees 5. Pearfe, Captain, §5. Pedro, Don, 3. Pee Dee River, 20. Pelham, T., 139. Penn, Mir.,221g: Pennfylvania, Paper Money in, 230. Pepper, an Antidote for Weevels, Bi Bere Micajah, 152. Perfons, Edw., 152. Peterfburgh founded, 9. Peter’s Creek, 14, 38. Petition relative to "Tobacco, © ISI. Phiphard, Wm., 152. Pickle Herrings, 172. Pickle Sturgeon, 190. =. Pirates, Trial of,.201. Pifcattoway, 87. a. Plantations, Management of, in England, 225,-243. Plafter to refemble Afhler, 212. Plumbs, Letter concerning, 185. Plummet, Rix 39. Politics, Details concerning, 65, 66. Pomunky River, 49. Pomunky, 53. Po River, 58. Portobello, 68. Ports, Law concerning, 162. Poftmafter General’s Office, 69. Pott Oifice, 197. Fotet, john, ia 2 Potomac (varioufly fpelled), 84, 86, O2, 95) O72 Quel 244 1295. 1308 131, 132, 133,134, 135, 136, 250; 25352575 2505 Neck, fouth of, 82; Date of Settlements on, 106; River, Map of, 117. Powers of Commiflioners, 96. Preliminaries fettled, 96, 97. Principia, 73. Proceedings of Commiffioners for laying out Northern Neck, 83. Progrefs to the Mines, 41. Propofal to General Affembly, 198. Propofitions to Five Nations, 249, 25 PAST 290" Proteftant Settlements beyond the Mountains, 125. Provincial dependant Government, 229. Pruning of Vines, 181. Pyle, Jesieh5 ae UARRIES, 72. QOuechoky Creek, 34. Ouickfilver, Trade in, 68. Ouoique Creek, 3. Ouircough, 84, 86, 129. Quit Rents, 124, 127, 204, 224. RANDOLPH, John, 256. “™ Randolph, Sir John, 115. Randolph, Mr., 44, 48. & ti ae seistaogens, s | Res oe: bem fiz (noliial pe oF of ; RSE eguiara2ae> 1 xk fesut QE i pow Dd 23 .guiars.aes af of anita’ op osvidl qdiameo't i nun of Be tant oF 88. ,olladona UMS ING et ano lO leipay dtaansic’ Sot 208 Fini 21 ule, ano 7 ‘ r ‘ : ; hd A Dose ue 18 ¥) SPIO q y _ ‘ sO51 bs ‘ ee oh Ps ek od ¥s oe ¢ r 4 a a che Pea * Fas thik aie as aie bam nd Misi i ID gO Pelee ad a ork ; Pa ‘ = go. ereareiied te sia 24 te PAVE Shen Gia a1 i ‘i may re a! 1% 8 i oi Nae ie siee rear g| tee he 2h lA diel ol aiumedied 68 bitioos Xetaiel biol to tassD “2 oii, #y donod + : 2 stint a) Sc ill ¢ - t wok het 98 ovis sol oF QUT ae Eg cdot PS a ey a OES ii ond 3c 1 sqnd Pe eet gloves W ” Pe an eet: * e *e4 ia, | vee - @xbebag uae, whi eo) ey oooadoT oO ovizalos DOP eee ean Fy ee ee Se a A als aa i an ath a eR Bs Ih nee A oe Co ek a lee hk cae ee eh wget 274. Index. Rappahannock, 57, 84, 86, 92, 93>. 97; 110; 130,. 13%, 132, S3t, 144 bg5, 160503 7384 Sources of, 126; Neck north of, 83; Falls of, 993 Fork of, 59, 65, 126; North Branch, 97; S. Branch of, 97, 120. Rappahannock County, 204. Rapidan River, 62, 99, 102, 121, 123; named, 99. Rafco, Tho., 152. Rattle Snakes, 1o. Reply about Skins and Furs, 165. Report of Survey of Northern Neck, b18 5 of Lords of Com- mittee of Council, 128. Repiefentation. of Council of Vir- ginia, 206. Revenue, American, 226, 244. Richards, Geo., 152. Richards, Sam., 152. Richmond founded, 9g. Meatokes 2,.5,.7, 10, 38, 257 Roanoak Entertainment, 32. Robberies charged on Indians, 260. Robinfon, Major Ben, 77, 78. Robin, John, 90, 91, 101, 103, 107, 127, 1313; appointed Com- miiioner, 86. Robinfon, Col. William, 249, 251, B59 202. Rocahominy, 13. Rock Ifland, 43. Rogers, Tho., 152. Ruddle, Robert, 152. Rauffell, Wm., 70, ‘98,121,122, 133, 137; Aftdavit of, 100. Ruflian Method of Tar making, 210. GABBATH, Difregard for, 13, 19, 26. Sable Creek, 16, 38. st. ‘Albans, Henry, Earl of, ov, 128, 134. St. Germaine en Laye, 129. Salaries paid in ‘Tobacco, 198; of Governors, 66. Samm, Coil. Carter’s, 81. Sandy, Greek, 5. Sappony Chapel, 2, 38, 39. Sapponi Ifland, 5. Saponies, 257. Sauro. Greek, 21, Sauro Indians, 20, 23. Savage, John, Surveyor, 97, 104, LO55,:2 ly. Scale of Maps, 98, 105. Scandal, 8o. Schuyler, Col. Peter, 257, 262. Seneca Indians, 20, 255. Settlements on Potomac, 106. Silver Mine, 2, 19. Sinnekes, 249, 251 DhAgcoy 2, Dust, 44, 60, BT. shavando, 97,100,817, 125, 126, Washed, URC. Sheppard, Dormer, 152. Sherry Wine, 174. Sherwood, ee 159. Short, Tom, 2. Shuts Nir., igrectpe for making Wine, 188. Skins and Furrs, Reply about, 165. Slaves, fugitive, 259, 264. Smith, Patrick, 159. Snead, William, 79. Snow Creek, 99. Soan, Mrs., 80 sorrel lL necao7. Soupe, Recipe for, 188. South Branch of Rappahannock, O75 GOP O0,VOZ. South Sea Company, Affairs of, 68. 69. Spaniards, Statement concerning, 68. Spanifh Wealth, 227. Spencer, Col. Nicholas, 115. Spotfilvania Co., 123. Spotfwood, Gov. Alexander, 249, Pte, 2095 2509; 202; Ad- } ale >*. 4 ‘ 7 Ja; et onde of hg oot ae a0RvOO. on 18 é ‘ora oD "rent 7 : oF | Arar y QE 8k logad og Pia 9 ; vee winogee As geet) omni te os ensibal oped por .0@ Toysvid adel aguas Ae © Medi | Rah 201 Bo qeM Yo oleae ok tabape ORs ef , to? T Io. ofeytod 22 .OS ,2asibel T sae do% oemoatol no wndmalyee O1 f oni weve 138 .0¢8 2ddonme. 36 Oe ef oh oR ORD che + ms me ¥ oe © Vet ggm sd gy ha eiIOR yt ate agtede. OF! oh? T EF ; uel made guiiem wl sqinadt Vs fae | AB t Ane 20% Juods yigesl erm bow eae ene, tote te i fined a «P¥S 225 ie ‘itigui R24 WE « toot WOK, a 68 a8 Pees qe ah vonnudagge A to doin | Hai | | FO 1201 08 4h2. aqQmon) roe M198. go. dno * yore 6 3 oH -1102 Yo ehvod to 894” 5s) Ber linn aN ts este - iV to flan 102 Yo ache ees _ B08 Si Se ste Qss suaionA suns”. - ee oe) abredal ols of yttthe ‘ene = ‘ is ao, vohavel boom mee si , © Se, OL Fi odonsod ' S ther sninrand dncee | bal: cc) bps: raivaidol” 1 ‘ rt Fe a BY SU Hh 1 fet iddnidaRt "= EOL LOT 10 od aol, osidan ” beiniog qr gigr ts $ Ot. .O8 ,rowoiin « 2S ES eee te fae a 3 mrt EAS wl We v3 | i au andl Ao rishi jet: f iat vide ut bd Lasts aa it cam 2AG te S&S Se , ae » ha 5 Ee ee a eee Index. 27 drefs to, 192; Anfwer of, 193, 195. Spotfwood, Colonel, 59, 74, 98, O9 PE35 2/137 tafford County, 104, 130. Stamp Duties, 227, 228, 245. Stanton River, 7, 39. Starke, Thom., 152. Steel, making of, 54. Stenkeknocks, Rigi: Stith, Col. Drury, 3, 4, 5, 31, 32, 338. Stith’s Creek, 3. Stith’s Mine, 33. Stony Creek, 2. Stratton, Anth., 152 Siurgeon, Recipe for pickling, 1go. Sturge om Creek, 3, 34. Sugar Drees, 12, 26. Sugar Tree Creek, 26, 27, 26; (ae: Surveyors named, 97. Sufpenfion of Laws for Payment of Debts, 159. Sufquehanna, 263. Survey of Land of Eden, 17. Syms, Mrs., 79. bs reco Joh, 93, 77 98, 99, 121, 122, 133, 135, _1373 Affidavit of, gg. Tappahanock, 84, 86, 108, 110 129. Tar, Procefs of making, 66, 210. BET Taxation of Colonies, 66, 224, 242, 246; for the Support oe Clergy, 198. Taylor, Daniel, 33. Taylor, John, 152. Taylor, Tho., 152. Taylor, Zach., 152 Taylor, Mr., 73. Tagnayanont, 256. Tea of Ginfeng if caves, 67. Terapin Shell for drinking Cup, 98. Tewahominy Creek, 30, 39. They MiGs,” bg," SoPree,, bx: : Birthday of, 63. i Thomas, Sen., 108: Thornton, Francis, 121, 122, 133, 137; Aflidavit of, 99. Thornton, Mr., 97, 98, 106, 121, 123 Thornton River, 135. ‘Tinfley, Thomas, 80. ‘Tobaceé, “209; railing, 76, 77; Effay on Bulk, 141; Salaries paid in, 198; Taxes paid in, 246. T oderechrones Indians, 253. Todirickroones, 257. Tomafin, John, 2 hs Tooth extracted, zg. Toffing in a Blanket, 19, 22. Totem Indian, 256. Totero Mand, 5, 6,7, 8, 9: Toterofe, 257. Trade of Colonies, 231. Tuckahoe, 44. Turkeys, 11. Wulcamuros, 2). 254. 205, 2635 Addrefs on War upon, 192; Anfwer, 193. Tufcaruda Indians, 6, 10. V ANBRUGH, Peter, 257, 262. Variation, magnetic, to be noted, 101, 103. Vera Cruz, 68. Vernon, James, 86. Vines, Cultivation of, 1723; Mr. Collinfon’s Management of, i77. Vineyards, planting of, 172. V/ ALLER, Kol. 7m: ve Wealth, The:, 152. Wampum, 259. War counfeled, 196. Warner, Mr., 116. Wafhington, Mr., 72; Furnace of, defcribed, 73. Way llat, James, 1g2. 0 0 ae a ft m0 Lier for are 2 GH i 4 | oo gen ten ist ae . +e 0 itt 5181 Sor |! 60 Vee ww aia od T grt ‘pee 8% jzamiod TD itt. Ot malin} coe ateaeT chile? : tpt Jini ao Ree bing sxe T seOr fel ‘hie itp 22 al esnemAsoiba PF Ton ~orcoiebe I’ ip otto] athena T bobdevteo hoa T S 4 il» at gete’T Yas mstbab mao T @ 8.00 & bones) Tee SomioT irs esieolotd toersberT pp gootiaalsa’T 5 0 a¢adw'T Os .27¢ net ye. een cor uroqe deW) ‘nis cherslab , EQ ww) heey. # t ' re | ; { if wih «es plies Et t Buy ij ee wit? x Soa .t2S.ereet hh SAR Ay ve d of itotgem totinitn Y | re Ot Ar brascin BD nn aro V O8 29018] eats V aM ¢2%t1 ao nongviigd aoa V TTT Jo tron gene a neiadsD STP Go gaining pee Ft foe? JT, LAW $32 od yd “Ala Ves tigre W 91 ‘hola won ts VV é ; by: « Ae ep aoe | de som pot IM aotgnilaW ~ 7 ‘ beat gob eet eam] Baliye Ww avid nein cetniT ~ 0 Lepgeetoa HCE aR hak quntl 4 160 te eer toarD trl ie EF sai ee 1S © iD = a al Se gh aay rome ges: 103 oqine A ,nwsgtne & oats somg ste ps Tam aon'T ages. Of .O& ts Ba gen so T aaged -T@ bomen eraysvind to ssnmerd aot ewablo acilardue | oza adel 06 pier upive C4 gerohal jo banl to yoru’ | Pt aM obit" & ado] OAANTALLIA 2E8 dERT el ten goee se ae RQ do ‘iv abilids ‘Er. orn Bor 08 28 dzoandegqeT pte We LOU 2d edie” te discon aot io ae od scinnlod 0 sobexeT Yor rece of 10) |g Ope! ak 801 Nee “ea ie att doin jrdhye" Bidet | Re! a preten a = ¢ Pe t el “Rpl Pepe rh = ie 5 4 we? 7 Be “rome PP ROIS porte = SS ES Oe re Oe Ree eee POU) PAY PE OPER TS S? ee eee POE SL Meee te a7 ce Index. Weevils in Wheat, §2. . *Weltover, 39, 87. | Williamfburgh, 34,. 92,. 1173 Meeting at, 109, 110, 111, 112. Wilks, Col. "Harry, 71,72, 73, 9e- Willis, Wr, 152. Willis’s Patent, 125. Wilton, “Thomas, 3,°6, Yo; 27, 30, 36. Wilfon’s Quarter, 39. Wine, making of, 1723 Receipt for, 1873. Eider, Recipe. for making, 188. (i « OS ue A\I= S\N) ZEN Winflow, Mr., Surveyor, 97, Winfor, 76. - Withcott, Ben, 152. Wolves, 22, 28. _ Wood, ‘James, Surveyor, 97, 102, OB, VOR) 2B. Woodford, Major, 76. Woodford, Mrs., 77. Woodpeckers tap Trees for Sugar, 12,20, Woolen Manufactures, 218. - Woolfey, Cardinal, 98. Wych, Dhe., 152. Wie yi 'f. S°9 "0 fe cia ey APRN 7 AM We a? 6). o..%.,". 2 sas *ot . © & a ‘ ' * 7. 2 “of Dh var ale i vine ue hs De ah Oa Madu 8 hon HAW pee ‘ A, aati AC eae Pat : we oy Cee et f ‘ AD She PCM TUN pulley t Pat Muth Wie tp iv roth? wre eb, . whys Hees { ' Pea Vt eins / UP Me ; ; 3 ‘init ytd Hi MM vat he inv i Py it thas png Ue 44 Ke Ne atatetey Hy, ; 4 j a ' nad sie ia si ai aot Ai if) Mata RY te! ath Mn ate t Ag vent #1 Peame gmat ayinre NB! AR une hehe say wen aes ial sis bit white ite (oat Gait Ayan oven TU Peat tal ets ter bat Pied i) ity Ls F ala, Nene te ve = SS 85 SSS 4 >. ase me tii Mh 4