BIOLOGY LIBRARY A HISTORY OF THE RARER BRITISH BIRDS BY T. C. EYTON, ESQ. II Jilustratefc tottf) TOootrcuts. LONDON: LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN; AND HOULSTON AND SON, PATERNOSTER-ROW. MDCCCXXXVI. BIOLOGY LIBRARY BfOLO:-7 ' r PREFACE. THE principal objects that the Author of the following pages had in view in presenting them to the Public, were, in the first place, to complete, as far as lay in his power, the series of wood- cuts of British Birds begun by the late Thomas Bewick of New- castle, thus enabling those, to whom it may not be convenient to purchase the more splendid but at the same time expensive Illustrations, to possess, at a moderate cost, a series of wood- cuts, accompanied with descriptions of the birds of their native country, from which they will be able to recognise any that may, at any time, fall into their hands. Secondly, to present his readers with a complete List of British Birds, with the synonyms of the principal authors on ornithology, in as concise and simple a form as possible, discarding from it all those species that appear to have been introduced from foreign countries. He has, however, appended to it separate catalogues of those birds, which, although they are not indigenous, are now found com- monly in either a domesticated or half-wild state, (as the Cravat Goose, Mute Swan,) and have been turned out to become as wild as the Pheasant and Red-legged Partridge, or have escaped from confinement, as the Trumpeter. And, finally, a list of those that appear to have been introduced into the British Fauna on too slight grounds, and require further confirmation of their occurrence or identity. With regard to introduced species, it IV PREFACE. appears to him, that the whole number of animals in the Zoological Gardens might, with equal propriety, be enrolled in a British Fauna, with many that are now enumerated in it. For our plan of the arrangement of the Catalogue, and the rules we have followed in it, we refer our readers to the preface at the beginning of it. The cuts are all executed by Mr. Mark, engraver on wood, Wellington; and, with those exceptions noticed in the letter- press accompanying them, the drawings have been made from specimens in the author's collection. The cut on the title-page represents a hybrid bird, between the Cock Pheasant and Grey Hen, in the author's possession, killed near Merrington, Shropshire ; on which a paper, by him, was read before the Zoological Society, and published in the Proceedings for May 12, 1835. The brood, of which this bird was one, consisted of five. One fine specimen is in the possession of J. A. Lloyd, Esq. of Leaton Knolls ; three others, together with the old Grey Hen, fell victims to a farmer's gun, and were consequently destined to the table. EYTON, March 1, 1836. CONTENTS. Page Egyptian Vulture, ----------- 1 Red-legged Falcon, ---- 5 Black Redstart, - - - 7 Blue-throated Redstart, - 9 Alpine Accentor, ,- H Fire-crested Wren, - - - 13 Shore Lark, -------- 15 White-bellied Swift, 17 Mealy Redpole, - - - 19 White-winged Crossbill, ---- 21 Virginian Cuckoo, ----- 23 Rock Grouse, _ _ _ - - 25 Wood Pigeon, - 27 Migratory Pigeon, 30 Black Stork, 33 Red-breasted Snipe, - - - - 36 Buff- breasted Sandpiper, --------- 39 Pectoral Sandpiper, ----- 42 Temminck's Sandpiper, --------- 44 Swimming Birds, __- 47 Cinereous Shearwater, -- - 49 Dusky Shearwater, 51 Pomarine Skua, --- 53 Arctic Jager, ---- - 55 Of the Gulls in general, - - - - :- - - - - 57 Iceland Gull, - - - 59 Little Gull, 61 vj CONTENTS. Page Brown-headed Gull, Sabine's Xeme, Caspian Tern, Arctic Tern, 68 Black Noddy, 70 Of the Duck Tribe, - 72 Hooded Merganser, ----------- 75 Red -crested Pochard, - 77 Western Duck, 79 Surf Duck, 8L Harlequin Duck, - - Bewick's Swan, - - Tengmalm's Owl, - 90 White's Thrush, 92 Lapland Bunting, ----------- 95 Gull-billed Tern, 97 Notes on the Occurrence of the Rarer Species, - - 99 Preface to Catalogue, ---------- iii List of Authors quoted, -------- v Catalogue, ------------- 1 ERROR. CORRECTION. Page 40, Nouvelle, Nouveau. 47, Falmarus, Fulmarus. 57, Albicilla, Atricilla. 59, Boriali, Boreali. 59, & 60, Faber, Fabricius. 75, Cuculatus, Cucullatus. PART I. Price 7s. A H I S T O R Y OF THE RARER SPECIES BRITISH BIRDS. BY T. C.iEYTON, ESQ. INTENDED AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS, BY THE LATE THOMAS BEWICK. Illustrate* tottf) 8!^ootrcut«. LONDON : LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN; AND HOULSTON AND SON, PATERNOSTER-ROW. To be completed in three monthly Parts. HOULSTONS. PRINTF.PS. WELLINGTON, SALOP. HISTORY OF RARER BRITISH BIRDS. EGYPTIAN VULTURE. Neophron Percnopterus. SAVIGNY. No class of birds is more useful in their line than the Vultures, particularly in the hotter climates. Although not HISTORY OF .. birds to' Which, we should be partial from their appearance, yet, •"X»': wfierf jv,e. epq«ire:into their habits, we cannot help admiring the wisdom of that all-wise Providence, who has supplied scavengers, to clear away from the surface of the earth the putrefying bodies that would otherwise infect the air we breathe, and spread pestilence in their neighbourhood. A very acute sense of smelling has been attributed to birds of the Vulture tribe, supposed to be the means by which they discover their food, the most putrid carcases, at immense dis- tances. But the experiments and observations of the American ornithologist, Audubon, distinctly prove, that it is the organs of sight, and not those of smelling, which enable them to detect their food at the distances they are said to do. The following are some extracts from his work, "The Birds of America," on the subject: — "It has always appeared to us unaccountable, that birds of prey, as Vultures, could scent carcases at such immense distances as they are said to do. We were led to call in question the accuracy of this opinion, on recollecting the observations of some travellers, who have remarked birds of prey directing their course towards dead animals floating in the rivers in India, where the wind blows steadily from one point in the compass for many months in succession. It is not easy to conceive, that the effluvia from a putrid carcase, in the water, should proceed in direct opposition to the current of air, and affect the olfactory nerves of birds at so many miles distant." The following is an account of Audubon's experiments: — Having stuffed and dried the skin of a deer, he retired from it : a Vulture soon approached, attacked its eyes, which were made of painted clay, then walked to the other extremity, tore some of the stitches until much of the fodder and hay with which it was stuffed was pulled out, and after reiterated at- tempts to discover flesh, took flight. Afterwards, he had a RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 3 large dead hog put into a ravine and concealed in the briars ; he saw many Vultures pass over it, but none approached it, although several dogs had made a meal on it. He then tried to approach it himself, but the smell was insufferable. Although we have, perhaps, no occasion for a scavenger in our cold climate, yet, the Egyptian Neophron, having great power of wing, occasionally strays here. Its proper habitation, however, is on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, extending for some distance into the African, Asiatic, and European Con- tinents. Occasionally it is seen in flights of several together, in pursuit of its favourite food, the most putrid carcases and offal. The following specimens are those which have been either seen or killed in the British Isles : — One killed near Kilne, Somersetshire, in October 1825, in the collection of the Rev. A. Matthew, of that place. Another bird, of the same species, was seen in the neighbourhood at the same time. A pair are mentioned in " Mudie's Feathered Tribes of the British Islands," as having been seen in the vicinity of Bridgewater, in 1826. The generic name of Neophron, was given to this bird by Savigny, descriptive of its having the front of the head naked. By Linnaeus and Gmelin the bird before us, together with the rest of the Vulture tribe, were classed under the generic name of Vultur. It has also been denominated Pharaoh's Chicken, and is said, when in want of other food, even to follow the plough, for the sake of worms and other insects turned up by it. The Egyptian Neophron is the smallest of the Vulture tribe ; the adult has the front of the head, the upper part of the throat, and cere, naked, and of a bright yellow. The plumage is alto- 4 HISTORY OF gether of a pure white, with the exception of the quill feathers, which are black ; legs, feet, and base of the bill, of the same colour as the cere ; point of the bill, black. The adults of both sexes are similar, both in their colouring and plumage. The young of the year are of a deep brown, slightly spotted with lighter brown and white, and do not attain their adult plumage for two or three years. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. RED-LEGGED FALCON. Falco Rufipes. BECHSTEIN. ALTHOUGH this bird is not often found in the British Isles, it is by no means scarce on the Continent ; being common, ac- cording to M. Temminck, in Russia, Poland, Austria, the Tyrol in Switzerland, and within the Appenines ; but very rare in France, and never found in Holland. It was first recorded as a British bird, by Mr. Yarrell, in " London's Magazine of Natural History," vol. iv. page 116, where he mentions three observed near Horning, in Norfolk, and a fourth shot at Holkham. The Falco Rufipes is the Ingrian Falcon of Latham. The Falco Vespertinus, of Gmelin, is the female. The male bird appears to be the Lead-coloured Kestrel, and the female the spotted Grey Kestrel, given as varieties of the common Kestrel in " Shaw's General Zoology," vol. vii. page 181. 6 HISTORY OF The old male bird has the wings, head, back, and breast, of a dark lead colour ; the thighs, vent, and under tail coverts, deep orange red ; cere, orbits of the eyes, and feet, of the same colour, but of a lighter tint ; claws, black at the tips shaded into brown at the bases ; bill, lead colour. The adult female has the head ferruginous, with a black circle round the eyes ; back, tail, and wings, lead coloured, but in the specimen in our collection, of a much lighter colour than in the adult male, and barred with black ; quills, lead coloured, tipped with black ; under the sur- face of the quills and tail feathers, lead coloured, barred with darker ; bill, cere, claws, and legs, of nearly the same colour as in the male. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. BLACK REDSTART. Ficedula Tlthys. SCOPOLI. THIS Redstart inhabits chiefly the warmer parts of Europe; is found in Italy, and, according to Temminck, usually on stony places, rarely on the plains ; and is very rare in Holland. The male bird is cinereous on the crown and back, with a band of black across the shoulders ; chin, and upper part of the breast, black, the lower part having the feathers tipped with cinereous ; between the thighs, white, thighs, black ; two middle tail feathers, dark brown, the outer webs towards the base edged with orange red ; remaining tail feathers, rump, and vent, orange red ; outer web of the secondaries, edged with white. The female is entirely of a brownish ash, with a white patch between the thighs ; tail and vent as in the male, but not of so bright a colour; irides, dark hazel. Mr. Gould, in the " Zoological Journal," vol. v. number 17, page 102, records two specimens of this bird, both males, one shot near Bristol, the other near Brighton. In his work on 8 HISTORY OF " The Birds of Europe," he mentions other specimens as having occurred, and gives a most beautiful lithograph of both male and female. Edwards, part i. page 92, of " The History of Birds," gives a description of this bird, with a figure on the opposite page, and informs us, that it has not before been either figured or described. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. BLUE-THROATED REDSTART. Ficedula Sueccica. LINNAEUS. THE Blue-throated Redstart is nearly allied to our common Redbreast in shape and habit, but differs much in the colour of its plumage. Latham says, that it has an agreeable song, that it sings during the night, and that the fine blue colour of the throat goes off if it is confined in a cage, not retaining it after the first moult. The same author also remarks, that they are pretty common in Alsace, and are thought very good food ; many being at times caught for the use of the table. Temminck says, it is more rare in France and Holland than our common Redstart ; and that it builds in bushy places, and in holes in trees, laying six eggs of a blueish green colour. This bird, although it appears not to be uncommon in many parts of the Continent, as far north as Sweden, and south as Gibraltar, is of very rare occurrence in the British Isles, there only being, that we are aware of, one well-authenticated instance c 10 HISTORY OF of its capture. The specimen we allude to, is one killed by Mr. T. Embledon, on the town moor at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and recorded by G. T. Fox, Esq. in his " Synopsis of the Newcastle Museum." The male bird of this splendid species is about the size of our Redbreast; the upper parts are greenish brown; over the eye is a pale whitish streak ; the throat and fore part of the neck are of a bright azure blue, beneath which is a border of black, then a reddish one, and, occasionally, there is a spot of silvery white in the centre of the blue patch ; the under parts and thighs are dusky white; two middle tail feathers, brown; the remaining ones, with the terminal half, of the same colour, the basal half being of a reddish chesnut. The female has, on the throat, a band of blue mixed with black ; in other respects she much resembles the male. This bird, together with the bird described immediately be- fore, and our common Redstart, now form the sub genus Phami- cura, of Mr. Swainson, as far as found in the British Isles; the name of Ficedula, however, having been given to them, by Bechstein, prior to that of Phaenicura by Mr. Swainson, we have retained it in preference. A figure of this fine Redstart is given by Edwards, which appears to be that of a female. He received the specimen from which his plate is taken from Gibraltar. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. ALPINE ACCENTOR. Accentor Alpinus. BECHSTEIN. ONLY one species of the genus Accentor, the common Hedge- Sparrow, had been enumerated in the British Fauna, before the discovery of the bird before us ; we cannot, however, consider the Alpine Accentor in any other light than that of a straggler, or a very rare occasional visitant. It is a common bird on the Alps, in the neighbourhood of Mont Saint Bernard, and, indeed, in both France and Germany. Number i. page 134, of the "Zoological Journal" records, that a female specimen was shot in the garden of King's College, Cambridge. It is now in the beautifully preserved collection of Dr. Thackeray. The habit of this bird is unlike that of our common, but amusing little bird, the Hedge-Sparrow ; perching, generally, either on a stone, or only on the ground, scarcely ever on trees. The Alpine Accentor is about seven inches in length. The upper parts of the head and neck are cinereous grey ; back also 12 HISTORY OF cinereous, with dashes of brown ; greater and lesser wing coverts, black, tipped with white ; quills, dark brown, edged with light brown; throat, whitish, with short transverse dashes of dark brown ; breast, cinereous ; sides of the belly, dirty white, dashed with ferruginous; vent, cinereous, with brown dashes; under tail coverts, cinereous brown, edged with dirty white ; thighs, cinereous ; tail feathers, cinereous brown, edged on the outer webs with light brown, the tip of the inner webs of all except the two middle ones having a dash of white ; legs, yellowish ; bill, yellow at the base, black at the tip. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 13 FIRE-CRESTED WREN. Regulus Ignicapillus. BRISSON. IN the " Proceedings of the Zoological Society, for August 14, 1832," is the first notice of this bird as a British species, by the Rev. L. Jennyns, who exhibited an immature specimen, and gave the following account : — " In its adult state, this Wren is readily distinguishable from the more common gold-crested one, by the existence, on each side of the face, of three streaks, the upper and lower of which are white, and the interme- diate one black ; as well as by the crest on its head being of a more deep and brilliant orange. In the immature state, it may be distinguished by its somewhat smaller size; by its bill, which is much longer, and also broader at the base ; by the first quill feathers being somewhat longer ; and by the greater size, both in length and breadth, of the tail." The individual exhibited was killed by a cat, at Swaffham, in Cambridgeshire. It is probable, however, although this is the only specimen at present recorded, that the bird before 14 HISTORY OF us is not so rare as may be supposed, but has been frequently overlooked, on account of its near resemblance to the common species. It would be useless, after having given the differences between the two species, to give any detailed description of the Fire- crested Wren ; as there is not, that we are aware, any species with which it can be confounded. Its habits, according to Temminck, are similar to those of the Gold-crested Wren. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 15 SHORE LARK. Alauda Alpestris. LINN^US. THE title of this bird to be admitted into our indigenous lists, rests upon a notice by William Yarrell, Esq. (which will be found in the fourth volume of " London's Magazine," page 116,) of a specimen, killed on the beach near Sherringham, in March 1830, which passed into the hands of Mr. Sims, of Norwich, by whom it wras preserved ; and it is now in the collection of Edward Lombe, Esq. of Great Milton. This bird inhabits the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. An account of it is given in " Pennant's Arctic Zoology ;" in "The Fauna Boreali Americana," by Messrs. Ri- chardson and Swainson, under the name of A. Cornuta ; and in " Wilson's American Ornithology." It breeds far north, and is found in the United States, during the winter, in considerable abundance. The male Shore Lark has the upper parts of the head, neck, and lesser wing coverts, purplish brown ; upper tail 16 HISTORY OF coverts and two middle tail feathers, of the same colour; remainder of the tail feathers, black, the outer one having a narrow border of white ; chin, a stripe through the eye to the ears, and the side of the neck, light yellow ; throat, upper part of the breast, and cheeks, deep black ; bill, black at the apex, pale brownish at the base of the lower mandible ; legs, brown. Wilson, who kept one of these birds alive for some time, says, that he was much amused by the odd appearance the bird presented, when it erected certain long black feathers which extend, by equal distances, beyond each other above the eye- brow ; they are longer and more pointed, and of a different texture from those around them. He suggests, that the ap- pellation of Alauda Cornuta, or Horned Lark, might be given to it in consequence ; but we prefer retaining the trivial name of Linnaeus, as it is the older synonym . RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 1? WHITE-BELLIED SWIFT. Cypselus Alpinus. TEMMINCK. THIS addition to our Fauna may be accounted one of the rarest of our occasional visitants, not above three specimens having been recorded as killed in the United Kingdom. The following are those to which we allude, viz. — One mentioned by Mr. Selby, in the " Transactions of the Northumberland Newcastle and Durham Natural History Society;" another no- ticed by Mr. Gould, in his admirable work, " The Birds of Europe," as killed by the gardener of R. Holford, Esq. on his estate, at Kingsgate, near Margate; and a third mentioned in the "Proceedings of the Zoological Society for April 22nd, 1834," as new to the Irish Fauna, by Mr. Thompson, killed at Rathfarnham, and preserved in the collection of W. Warren, Esq. The specimen he states to have been received by Mr. Warren in a perfectly fresh state. The White-bellied Swift is an inhabitant chiefly of the warmer and more southern parts of the Continent. According to Tem- D 18 HISTORY OF minck, it is found on the Alps, in Switzerland, in the Tyrol, on the shores of the Mediterranean, on the rock of Gibraltar, in Sardinia, Malta, and throughout the Archipelago. It was observed by a friend of ours,* at Kusnack, near Berne. The following is an extract from his journal, which gives some idea of its habits and mode of flight:—*' 1 saw here a species of Hirundo quite new to me ; about twenty of them were skim- ming round the tower of the church, and had certainly nests under the roof. They were black on the tail, but white on the breast and chin. They seem to have monopolized the church, only two or three common Swifts appearing at intervals. My new friends were considerably larger, but did not fly so quickly, and looked like little Sparrow-hawks. I think that they must be allied to the great Gibraltar Swift, f mentioned by Mr. White." The male White-bellied Swift has the back of a light brownish slate colour, gradually shaded into a lighter tint towards the head, and of a darker towards the tail ; belly and lower parts, white, with a broad collar ; thighs, vent, and under tail coverts, of the same colour as the back; bill, black ; irides, dark brown. The female differs little from the male, but the collar is in general narrower, and the plumage of the back rather darker. A figure of this bird is given in " Edwards's Birds," and, also, in " Gould's European Birds." * R. A. Slaney, Esq. t The same. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 19 MEALY REDPOLE. Linaria Canescens. GOULD. MR. JOHN GOULD is the first naturalist who has noticed this bird, as being distinct from the Lesser Redpole. The first mention of his discovery is made in his work on " The Birds of Europe," now in course of publication. The points in which he states that it chiefly differs are the following : — Its superiority in size, its conspicuous greyish white rump, the broad band across the wings, the light stripe across the eye, and the mealy appearance of the plumage. The specimens, before supposed to be of the Lesser Redpole, brought home by Dr. Richardson, and the description in the " Fauna Boreali Americana," he states to be identical with his Mealy Redpole. Wilson, the American ornithologist, omits to give any de- scription of the Lesser Redpole ; and Professor Jameson, in his edition, to fill up the vacancy, gives the description of some 20 HISTORY OF birds obtained by himself in the winter of 1812 — 13, which I have little doubt were Mealy Redpoles. The practical bird-catchers near London, Mr. Gould informs us, have been always in the habit of regarding the Mealy Redpole as distinct from the lesser one. But Mr. Gould, not- withstanding what has been stated above, does not consider the species as established ; for, at the conclusion of his account, he says, that a further knowledge of this bird, and especially of the changes which it undergoes, will, at a future period, determine whether or not the specific name of Canescens must eventually stand or fall. The bird is not very uncommon about London, and other places. It has occurred to ourselves in Shropshire. Its habit is similar to that of the Lesser Redpole. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 21 WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. Loxia Leucoptera. GMELIN. THE White-winged Crossbill appears, from the account of Wilson, to be of much rarer occurrence in America than the common Crossbill, Loxia Curvirostra, though found frequenting the same places at the same seasons. We are told in a work lately published,* that this bird inhabits the dense white-spruce forests of the fir countries, feeding, principally, on the seed of the cone, which the form of its bill is particularly adapted to extract. In the same work, also, we are told, that it ranges through the whole breadth of the Continent, and, probably, up to the sixty-eighth parallel, where woods cease ; though it was not observed higher than the sixty-second. In winter it retires from the coast into the interior. An account of a specimen of this bird, shot near Belfast in January 1802, in the "Linnaean * The " Fauna Boreal! Americana," by Messrs. Richardson and Swain son. 22 HISTORY OF Transactions," is that upon which our authority for introducing it into the British Fauna rests. The general colour of the plumage of the male White-winged Crossbill is deep crimson ; tail, black ; wings also black, with two bars of white ; vent, white ; frontlet and cere, brown ; length, five to five-and-a-half inches ; bill, horn colour. The general colour of the female is greenish brown, with a yellow rump. The young, before they moult, resemble the female. The above woodcut is taken from a specimen in the collection of William Yarrell, Esq. of a male bird in the plumage of the second year. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 23 VIRGINIAN CUCKOO. Coccyzus Americanus. LINNAEUS. THE account given by Wilson, in his "American Ornithology," of this bird, is so very characteristic of the man, and his mode of investigating the habits of birds, that we shall give an extract from his work, verbatim. — " A stranger, who visits the United States for the purpose of examining their natural productions, and passes through our woods in the months of May or June, will sometimes hear, as he traverses the borders of deep, retired, high-timbered hollows, an uncouth guttural sound or note, re- sembling the syllables, kowe, kowe, kowe, kowe, beginning slowly, but ending so rapidly that the notes seem to run into each other, and vice versa ; he will hear this frequently, without being able to discover the bird or animal from which it proceeds ; it is both shy and solitary, seeking always the thickest foliage for concealment : this is the Yellow-billed Cuckoo, the subject 24 HISTORY OF of the present account. From the imitative sound of its note, it is known in many places by the name of the Cow Bird. It is also called, in Virginia, the Rain Crow, being observed to be most clamorous immediately before rain." This bird, unlike our common Cuckoo, builds a nest and rears its own young. According to Wilson, they pair, in the United States, early in May, and, about the tenth, commence building in some retired part of a wood. Above, the Virginian Cuckoo is of a blueish brown colour, with greenish reflections ; below, of a pure white ; centre tail feathers, longest, and of the same colour with the back ; lateral ones, black tipped with white, and gradually shortened from the centre ones; feet, blueish. The female much resembles the male, but may be distinguished by the four centre tail feathers being of the same colour as the back, and the white not being so pure as in the male. Wilson remarks, that, in dissecting this bird, the inner mem- brane of the gizzard, which in many other species is hard and muscular, in this is extremely loose and soft, capable of great distention, and, what is remarkable, covered with a growth of fine down or hair of a light fawn colour, which, he suggests, may serve to protect them from the irritating effects of the hair of certain caterpillars. Five or six specimens of this bird appear to have occurred in the United Kingdom, of which one was killed on Lord Cawdor's estate in Wales, in 1832. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 25 ROCK GROUSE. Lagopus Rupestris. GMELIN. THIS bird, although there is no doubt that it has been in- digenous in this country perhaps for ages, has not been noticed until lately, having been confounded with the Ptarmigan, which it very much resembles, particularly in its winter plumage. Pennant, in his " Arctic Zoology," was the first naturalist who recognised the bird before us as distinct. His opinion was chiefly founded on a communication from Mr. Hutchins. It appears to be one of those birds which are found both in the American and European Continents ; not being uncommon in the neighbourhood of Hudson's Bay, in Norway, Sweden, Greenland, France, and Italy ; and was found by Captain Sabine in Melville Island. Although it is to Pennant that we owe the elevation of this bird to a species, it is to Captain Sabine that the honour of having first enrolled it in our indi- genous lists belongs. He discovered it in the Highlands of Scotland, where probably many have before been killed by the sportsman without notice. The principal differences between the Rock Grouse and the Ptarmigan exist in the summer plumage and in the size, the Rock Ptarmigan being rather the smallest. In the summer plumage they appear to differ principally, according to Captain Sabine, in the upper plumage of the Ptarmigan being cinereous, with undulating and narrow black lines and minute spots ; while in the Rock Grouse each feather is black, cut by transverse broad lines or bars of a reddish yellow, which do not reach the shaft, and have spaces between them broader than them- selves ; the feathers are tipped in the male with a light colour, E 26 HISTORY OF which in the female approaches to white. In the winter plumage, except in size, the resemblance is still more near; the Rock Grouse being of a snowy white, with the exception of the six larger quills which are black, and the tail feathers, which, (with the exception of the two lateral ones which are white,) are also black, slightly tipped with white in the male ; a black stripe passes from the nostrils, through the eye, to the back of the head. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 25 oU ROCK GROUSE. Lagopus Rupestris. GMELIN. THIS bird appears to be one of those which are found both in the American and European Continents; not being uncommon in the neighbourhood of Hudson's Bay, in Norway, Sweden, Green- land, France, and Italy; and was found by Captain Sabine in Melville Island. Although it is to Pennant that we owe the elevation of this bird to a species, it is to Joseph Sabine, Esq. that the honour of having first enrolled it in our indigenous lists belongs. The following is an extract from his MS. notes on it, NOTICE. In consequence of being able to supply more information respecting the Rock Grouse, and also a cut, we cancel pages 25 and 26, and substitute the new pages at the end of this Part in their stead. 26 HISTORY OF which in the female approaches to white. In the winter plumage, except in size, the resemblance is still more near; the Rock Grouse being of a snowy white, with the exception of the six larger quills which are black, and the tail feathers, which, (with the exception of the two lateral ones which are white,) are also black, slightly tipped with white in the male ; a black stripe passes from the nostrils, through the eye, to the back of the head. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 25 oU ROCK GROUSE. Lagopus Rupestris. GMELIN. THIS bird appears to be one of those which are found both in the American and European Continents; not being uncommon in the neighbourhood of Hudson's Bay, in Norway, Sweden, Green- land, France, and Italy; and was found by Captain Sabine in Melville Island. Although it is to Pennant that we owe the elevation of this bird to a species, it is to Joseph Sabine, Esq. that the honour of having first enrolled it in our indigenous lists belongs. The following is an extract from his MS. notes on it, kindly lent to us : — " In the autumn of 1825, when on a visit at Blair Athol, I heard that a curious Grouse (a hybrid between a Red Grouse and Ptarmigan it was said to be) had been killed in Perth- shire, not far distant from Blair. It was an exhausted bird, having been easily knocked down by the shepherd. I was incredulous as to its supposed origin ; and, doubting what it could be, had the satisfaction, after a time, of becoming pos- E 20 HISTORY OF sessed of the specimen, through the kindness of the Rev. John Sandford, who was a resident near the place at the time it was killed. When I saw it, all doubt of what it really was vanished ; and I had the pleasure of placing the first British specimen of Tetrao Rupestris in the collection of my friend the Earl of Derby, then Lord Stanley," (to whom we are indebted for being able to give a cut of the bird.) " My speculation was, that the bird had been driven to our island, by some accident, from Norway; and I should have continued to hold this opinion to be correct, but that I observed, in the Report of the British Association, page 611, in a ' Catalogue of Birds observed in Sutherlandshire,' in June 1834, by P. J. Selby, Esq. that there is in No. 51 an account of L. Rupestris killed on the Benmore range." The principal differences between the Rock Grouse and the Ptarmigan exist in the summer plumage and in the size, the Rock Ptarmigan being rather the smallest. In the summer plumage they appear to differ principally, according to Captain Sabine, in the upper plumage of the Ptarmigan being cinereous, with undulating and narrow black lines and minute spots; while in the Rock Grouse each feather is black, cut by transverse broad lines or bars of a reddish yellow, which do not reach the shaft, and have spaces between them broader than them- selves; the feathers are tipped in the male with a light colour, which in the female approaches to white. In the winter plumage, except in size, the resemblance is still more near; the Rock Grouse being of a snowy white, with the exception of the six larger quills which are black, and the tail feathers, which (with the exception of the two lateral ones which are white) are also black, slightly tipped with white in the male ; a black stripe passes from the nostrils, through the eye, to the back of the head. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 27 WOOD PIGEON. Columba JEnas. LATHAM. GREAT confusion has been made by our British naturalists of other days, and, indeed, by some of those of the present day, among the species of the Pigeon tribe found in our isles, though they are so few in number. The Columba ^Enas, or Wood Pigeon, has, in most of their works, been confounded with the C. Li via, or Rock Pigeon. The Rock Pigeon is, unquestionably, the progenitor of our domestic breeds, and all its varieties, and is the one figured by Bewick under the name of C. Jiiias, or Wild Pigeon, the rump being white, and the black bars across the wings broad ; while, on the contrary, the C. jEnas has the rump of the same colour as the back ; and the wings, instead of having bars of black, like its near ally the Rock Pigeon, have merely a black spot on the exterior web of some of the 28 HISTORY OF secondaries and greater wing coverts, which, however, when the wing is closed, look like a black bar. The crown, sides of the head, and throat, of the Wood Pigeon, are of a blueish grey ; sides and back part of the neck, green, with purple and brassy inflections ; lower parts, of a pale purplish grey, varying in intensity ; exterior webs of the second- aries, of a blueish grey ; the terminal half of the quills, blackish, shaded towards the base into greyish; tip of tail feathers, black, gradually shaded towards the base into light grey, in our spe- cimens; (but this appears not to be a constant character, as some authors describe the tail as having a fainter bar immediately adjoining the black tip;) exterior tail feather, blueish black towards the apex, white towards the base ; bill, reddish orange ; feet and tarsi, dirty red. A specimen of this Pigeon, reared by hand from the nest, was kept for some time in a cage, by a friend of ours, having for its companion a Turtle Dove. It appeared to bear con- finement very well. Mr. Selby, in his treatise on the Pigeons, in " The Naturalists Library," says, that the Rock Pigeon never perches in trees; but we have seen the offspring of that Pigeon, our common tame one, repeatedly do so, and in trees not having many branches. The place where we observed this to be the case, was in a dingle, which the Pigeons frequented for the purpose of obtaining salt from the veins of the red sandstone composing its sides : if slightly alarmed, when so employed, they would generally perch in ash trees, growing from the bottom of the dingle, with branches nearly on a level with the part of the rock where they were at work. Dr. Fleming, in his "History of British Animals," seems to RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 29 doubt the Wood Pigeon being distinct from the Rock Pigeon, as also does Colonel Montagu ; but, after what has been stated above, we think little doubt can remain of the propriety of their separation. We have now, therefore, five species of Pigeons in the British Isles, viz. — C. Palumbus, or Ring Pigeon, C. .ZEnas, Wood Pi- geon, C. Livia, Rock Pigeon, C. Turtur, Turtle Dove or Wrekin Dove, and, as a rare straggler, C. Migratoria or Migratory Pigeon, which we shall proceed to describe. 30 HISTORY OF MIGRATORY PIGEON. Columba Migratoria. LINN^US. WE are enabled to number this bird in our list as an occa- sional visitant, together with the greater part of those spoken of in this work. It is an inhabitant of the American Continent, being found over a great part of its vast extent. It associates in great numbers during the time of their incubation and migrations. Wilson, in his usual spirited style, says, " I have witnessed these migrations in the Genesee Country, often in Pennsylvania, and also in various parts of Virginia, with amaze- ment ; but all that I had then seen of them were mere straggling parties, compared with the congregated millions which I have since beheld in our western forests, in the Ohio, Kentucky, and the Indiana Territory. These fertile and extensive regions RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 31 abound with the nutritious beech nut, which constitutes the chief food of the Wild Pigeon. In seasons when these are abundant, corresponding multitudes of Pigeons may be confi- dently expected. It sometimes happens, that having consumed the whole produce of the beech trees in an extensive district, they discover another at the distance of perhaps sixty or eighty miles, to which they regularly repair every morning, and return as regularly, in the course of the day or in the evening, to their place of general rendezvous, or, as it is generally called, the roosting-place. These roosting-places are always in the woods, and sometimes occupy a large extent of forest. When they have frequented one of these places for some time, the appearance it exhibits is surprising : the ground is covered to the depth of several inches with their dung, all the tender grass and under- wood destroyed, the surface strewed with large limbs of trees, broken down by the weight of the birds clustering one above another, and the trees themselves, for thousands of acres, killed as completely as if girdled with an axe. The marks of this desolation remain for many years on the spot, and numerous places could be pointed out, where, for several years after, scarce a single vegetable made its appearance. When these roosts are first discovered, the inhabitants, from considerable distances, visit them in the night, with guns, clubs, long poles, pots of sulphur, and various other engines of destruction, and, in a few hours, they fill many sacks and load their horses with them. By the Indians, a Pigeon-roost, or breeding-place, is considered an important source, of national profit, and de- pendence for that season. From the extract above, some idea may be formed of the immense size of the flights of the Migratory Pigeons ; no flight, however, has ever been known to visit this country. Our authority for introducing it into this work, as a member of the British Fauna, rests upon a specimen mentioned by Dr. Fleming, 32 HISTORY OF in his " History of British Animals," shot at Westhall, in the parish of Monymeal, Fifeshire, on the 31st of December, 1825. The feathers were quite fresh and entire, like those of a wild bird. The specimen in question was presented to Dr. Fleming, by the Rev. A. Esplin, schoolmaster at Monymeal. The Migratory Pigeon builds its nest in a similar manner to our Ring Pigeon, and lays two white eggs. The male Passenger Pigeon has the head, neck, and throat, blueish grey ; breast and sides, hazel brown, with brassy inflec- tions; belly and vent, white; thighs and lower part of the breast, reddish brown ; rump and back, slate blue ; quills and two middle tail feathers, black ; lateral ones, whitish, lighter at the tips, blueish at the bases; primaries, edged with white ; bill, black ; irides, orange ; orbits, flesh coloured ; length, fifteen and a half inches. The female is a little smaller, in other respects she much resembles the male ; but the colours are less brilliant, and the eyes of a lighter tint. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. BLACK STORK. Ciconia Nigra. WILLOUGHBY. FEW are the well-authenticated instances of the occurrence of this most beautiful of the Storks in this country, so few, that, had they not been well-authenticated, we should have had some hesitation in admitting it into our volume, merely as a straggler. One of these birds was obtained, being only slightly wounded, near Stoke Gregory, in the County of Somerset, on the 13th of May 1814, and sent to Colonel Montagu, in whose possession it lived some time. The interesting notes of that eminent British ornithologist on its habits and moulting, are given in the twelfth volume of the " Linnaean Transactions." The Black Stork, both in food and general habits, is like F 34 HISTORY OF the white one, but it appears to be much more shy, seldom approaching the habitations of man, and delighting in large morasses, for an abode in which it is in every way fitted, being provided with the long legs of its genus, and semi-membrinated* toes. Temminck informs us, that it is never found in Holland, but affects wooded morasses, and is often found in forests ; also, that it is very abundant in Hungary, Turkey, and Switzer- land, builds in forests, on the highest pines and fir trees, laying two or three eggs of a white colour, shaded with dirty green, and sometimes marked with a few brown spots. Willoughby, who appears to be the first author who gave the name of Ciconia Nigra to this bird, (although others have in modern catalogues obtained the honour, if an attempt to increase the confusion and number of synonyms can be called an honour,) gives the following account of a superstition which existed with regard to it, namely, that "it is said only to live in republics and free states ; but this," he goes on to say, " we found, by experience, to be false, observing them in the territories of some of the princes of Germany." It is an old tradition with regard to Storks, that they take care of and nourish their parents when they are too old to take care of themselves, from whence the greek word, TrtAapyi/coo-, signifying the duty of children to take care of their parents, and ireXapyiKot vofjioi, signifying the laws relating to that duty, both derived from the greek word for a Stork, TreXapyoa, from 7T£\a(T black, and apyoo- white, alluding to the prevailing colours of the Stork. The whole of the plumage of the Black Stork, with the * In some works, the term semi-palmated is employed as applied to the toes of the Stork, which is certainly incorrect ; we have therefore ventured to employ the term membrinated toes as applied to birds of the Duck species, and semi-membrinated to those of the Stork. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 35 exception of the breast and abdomen, which are white, is black, with green and purple inflections; the bill, orbits, bare part of the throat, and legs, are deep crimson, but in the young birds of a greenish slate colour ; length, three feet two inches. We have now two species of the genus Ciconia recorded as British, the White Stork having been figured and described by Bewick, in his " History of British Birds." 36 HISTORY OF RED-BREASTED SNIPE. Macroramphus Griseus. LEACH. THE celebrated author of the " Ornithological Dictionary," was, we believe, the first who was fortunate enough to obtain a British killed specimen of the bird before us. It is now in the British Museum. In Mr. Gould's " European Birds," an instance of its capture is mentioned as having occurred near Yarmouth. The Red-breasted Snipe appears to form a connecting link between the true Snipes of the genus Scolopax, and the Sand- pipers of the genus Tringa, having the bill of the former, and resembling the latter in having slightly membrinated toes, as well as in the periodical changes of its plumage. Wilson informs us, that it arrives in New Jersey in the beginning of April, and is seldom or never seen inland. Early in May it proceeds to the north to breed, and returns by the latter part of July or beginning of August. They sometimes RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 37 settle in such numbers, and so close together, that eighty-five have been shot at one discharge of a musket. On the approach of winter they retire to the south. Wilson does not appear to have been acquainted with the exact locality in which this interesting bird breeds, but supposes it to be to the northward of the United States: Dr. Richardson, however, informs us, that it has an extensive breeding range, from the borders of Lake Superior to the Arctic Sea. The Red-breasted Snipe is classed by Mr. Swainson, in the " Fauna Boreali Americana," among the genus Scolopax, under the name of Scolopax Novoboracensis, or New York Godwit ; the former of which names is that used by Wilson, together with that of Red -breasted Snipe. The S. Grisea of Gmelin is also the same bird. We cannot, however, but agree with the late Dr. Leach, that it requires separating from the genus Scolopax, of Linnaeus, we have therefore adopted his generic name, together with the English one given to it by Wilson, and used by Pennant in his " Arctic Zoology." Bewick gives a description of this bird in its summer plumage* but no cuts; we therefore shall give a description of it in its winter plumage, and two cuts ; one at the head of this account, of it in its summer dress, the vignette in that of winter. The Scolopax Grisea, of Gmelin and Latham, is the above bird in its winter plumage, in which state it has the principal part of the upper plumage of a light brown ; the crown and nape, grey; a streak through the eye, chin, belly, vent, and lower part of the breast, white ; secondaries, margined with white ; quills, dark brown. According to Montagu, its length is eleven inches, and the length of the bill, two inches and six lines. Temminck describes this bird under the name of Becassine Ponctu6e, and informs us, that the young of the year have all 38 HISTORY OF the upper plumage black, except the nape of the neck, which is brown, each feather being surrounded by a large border of light ferruginous; the eyelids and lower parts are of a dirty white, inclining to ferruginous, that colour being more decided on the breast, all the feathers of this part, the flanks, and the eyelids, being slightly spotted with brown ; the middle tail feathers are terminated with brown. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 39 BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER. Tringa Rufescens. VIELLOT. IN a paper in the sixteenth volume of the " Linnaean Trans- actions," by Mr. Yarrell, entitled, " Description of a Species of Tringa, killed in Cambridgeshire, new to England and Europe," will be found the only notice of the capture of this bird in the United Kingdom. A plate of the bird described is attached to the paper, taken from the specimen killed in Cambridgeshire, the only one which has been hitherto met with in either the United Kingdom or European Continent. We are indebted to the kindness of Mr. Yarrell, for being enabled to present our readers with the above cut, his specimen having been lent to us for that purpose. It was shot, early in the month of September 1826, near Melbourne, in Cam- bridgeshire, in company with some Dotterell, and passed im- mediately afterwards into the possession of Mr. Baker, of Melbourne, by whom the skin was preserved, and from whom it was purchased for Mr. Yarrell. In the same paper, also, 40 HISTORY OF we are informed, that a specimen of this bird in the Paris Museum, appears to have served for the descriptions contained in the following works, viz. — the well-known one of Viellot, on " The Birds of France," " Nouvelle Dictionaire d'Histoire Naturelle," and the " Encyclopedic Methodique," and is pro- bably that of an adult bird in its summer plumage. Mr. Yarrell also informs us, that the plumage and ossification of the tarsi, in the specimen before us, prove it to be a young bird of the year. The species is an inhabitant, like many others of our rarest visitants, of the American Continent, being found in Louisiana ; but no mention is made of it, either in " Wilson's American Ornithology," or in the continuation, by Bonaparte. We here give a description of Mr. Yarrell's bird, it being the only one we have had an opportunity of examining. From it and the above woodcut, should any of our readers be fortunate enough to meet with a specimen, we have no doubt that they will be able to identify it. The Buff- breasted Sandpiper has the beak, slender, very slightly curved, three-fourths of an inch in length, and black, from point to gape, one inch, from gape to occiput, one inch ; crown, dark brown approaching to black, each feather edged with light brown ; hind neck, light brown, the dark spots formed by the centre of each feather minute ; wing coverts, brown ; primaries, nearly black, tipped with white ; shafts, white ; tertials, brown, edged with lighter brown ; tail coverts, brown, with lighter coloured borders; tail, cuneiform, the centre feathers, black, shafts and edges, lighter, lateral feathers, light brown, inclosed by a zone of black, and edged with white ; chin, sides of the neck, throat, and breast, light brown, tinged with buff; abdomen, flanks, and under tail coverts, white, but pervaded with the light brown colour of the higher parts ; RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 41 sides of the neck, spotted, from the dark centres of the feathers occupying a larger surface than upon the anterior portion of the under surface of the wing ; rufous, brown, outer portion spotted; under wing coverts, pure white; shafts of the pri- maries or their under surface, pearl white ; outer web, dusky ; inner web, dusky, and plain on the part nearest the shaft, the other inner half of the web beautifully mottled with dark specks; secondaries, mottled at their bases, and ending in sabre-shaped points, presenting a series of lines, alternating white, black, and dusky ; thighs, bare for half an inch ; tarsi, one inch and a quarter in length ; middle toe, seven-eighths of an inch in length ; nails, black ; legs, brown ; length, eight inches. 42 HISTORY OF PECTORAL SANDPIPER. Tringa Pectoralis. BONAPARTE. MR. JENYNS, in his useful work, just published, "The Manual of British Vertebrate Animals," mentions, on the au- thority of Mr. Yarrell, that a specimen of this bird has occurred at Yarmouth, is now in the possession of Mr. Hoy, of that place, and has been identified by Mr. Audubon, with the T. Pectoralis, of America. The above cut is taken from a specimen that we received from that Continent, and which appears to be in the summer or young state of plumage, or just beginning the autumn moult. We shall be very minute in our account, as we con- sider it not impossible that there may have been a mistake in the bird, the descriptions being very meagre; the measure- ments, however, agree tolerably well, except in length, our specimen being about an inch shorter than T. Pectoralis is stated to be, by Nuttall, in his " Ornithology of the United RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 43 States:" but that may easily be accounted for, either in the drying of the specimen, or by a difference in sex. Our specimen has the head, neck, and breast, rust colour, blotched with black, slightly on the breast and lower part of the neck, but more strongly on the occiput and hinder part of the neck ; back and wing coverts, black, each feather edged with ferruginous ; belly and rump, cinereous, the feathers of the latter with darker centres, and appear to be in the act of changing colour, two of the lower ones being quite black ; vent, under tail coverts, and under wing coverts, pure white ; quills, with the shafts, inner webs in the four first, inner and outer in the remainder, white ; tips of all, and outer webs in the four first, dark brown ; secondaries and tertiaries, brownish ash, the former slightly tipped, the latter broadly, with white; tail, light brown, two centre feathers longest and rather darker than the others ; bill, as far as could be judged from a dried specimen, dark reddish yellow at the base, and black or deep green towards the point ; legs and feet, brownish green ; length, nine inches ; length of tarsi, one inch ; length of bill, from rictus to point, scarcely one inch. 44 HISTORY OF TEMMINCK'S SANDPIPER, Tringa Temminckii. LEISLER. GREAT difference of opinion has existed with regard to this Tringa; and, indeed, through the whole of the genus, perhaps, there has been more .mistakes in distinguishing species than in any other. But this must always be the case, where a class of birds are nearly allied, and there is so perfect a change of plumage as in the genus before us. Temminck's Tringa has been confounded with Tringa Pusilla, Linn. ; and, indeed, some authors of well-known discrimination, at present think, that there is not sufficient distinction between them to allow of their separation with propriety. But, for our own parts, we agree with Mr. Selby, who has investigated the synonyms most ably, in thinking them distinct. Dr. Fleming considers the bird before us to be synonymous with the Tringa Pusilla, of Linnaeus. The Little Sandpiper described in the appendix to Montagu, (but not the Little Sand- RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 45 piper of the supplement, which is the Tringa Pusilla, or Little Stint, of "Bewick's Birds,") and the Pelidna Pusilla and Temminckii, of " Shaw's Zoology," are also the same, viz. the Tringa Temminckii,* of Leisler. We are indebted to Mr. Yarrell for the loan of the specimen from which the above cut was taken. It was a young bird, undergoing the change of plumage, from that of summer to that of winter, in the autumn, or perhaps a little later in the year. The specimen described by Montagu, in the appendix to his " Ornithological Dictionary," was obtained in Devonshire; and others have been captured in Norfolk, and elsewhere. Temminck's Tringa, in the summer plumage, has the feathers of the upper parts, black, edged with ferruginous ; vent, belly, under tail coverts, and throat, white; forehead, foreneck, and breast, light ferruginous, dotted with black or dark brown; two middle tail feathers, dark brown, edged with lighter; two outer tail feathers, white. In the winter plumage, it has the belly, vent, under tail coverts, chin, throat, and forehead, white, the latter slightly blotched with brown ; upper parts, brown, with the centre of the feathers darker ; two centre feathers of the tail, longest, four centre ones, brown, lateral ones as in the summer plumage. The following is a description of the bird lent to us by Mr. Yarrell, from which our cut is taken :— Belly, vent, throat, under tail coverts, tips of tertials, and forehead, white, on the latter intermixed with dark cinereous brown ; breast, cine- reous ; crown, occiput, and wing coverts, cinereous brown, with the edges of the feathers ferruginous; back, dark cinereous brown, each feather margined with ferruginous, within which * Mr. Rennie, in his edition of Montagu, unites the two species again. 46 HISTORY OF is a black edging; scapulars, black, slightly edged with ferru- ginous; quills, black, edged with lighter; tail, dark cinereous, lighter on the margin ; outer tail feathers, as in the other states of plumage ; bill, black ; legs, greenish brown ; length, about five and a half inches ; length of bill from rictus, eight and a half lines ; length of tarsus, eight lines. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 47 SWIMMING BIRDS. Palmipides. CUVIER. Natatores. VIGORS. THINKING it better in the arrangement of the birds of one country only, to follow some well-known arrangement, rather than to invent a new one, as in the present day appears to be rather the fashion, and which must necessarily add to the number and confusion of synonyms, we have not speculated upon any general arrangement, and both have and intend to follow that of the Baron Cuvier; occasionally introducing, however, the new generic and sub generic names, where they appear to us to have been applied judiciously. But, although as to general arrangement we follow that to which the immortal name of the naturalist above mentioned is attached, we shall occasionally alter the arrangement of particular genera, to which we think even the strongest advocates for the classification of the " Regne Animal" cannot object; for, it must be recollected, that work was only intended as a sketch of an arrangement, to be filled up, in the minutiae, by those who made particular families their study. The genera of the Palmipides, in which we propose to make some slight alterations, are the following :— Procellaria, Linn. in which we shall place the sub genera, Falmarus, Leach; and Thalassidroma, Leach, after Puffinus, Ray ; regarding Puffinus as most nearly related to the Divers of the foregoing family, and Thalassidroma to the Gulls of the following genus. Larus, from which we shall separate Lestris, Uliger, placing it as a genus before Larus, (by Cuvier it is placed as a sub genus under Larus.) We shall also propose some sub divisions among the true Gulls. In the family Lamellirostres, Cuvier, we shall place the genus Mergus first, as more nearly related to the Cormorants 48 HISTORY OP than the Swans, which are now placed first by Cuvier : after which, we shall place the genus Fuligula, Ray, subdivided by two new sub genera, the first containing F. Rufina, Steph. as approaching the genus Mergus, and the last containing F. Stelleri, Pallas, approaching to the genus Somateria, Leach. After which will come the true Water, Marine, or Diving Ducks, then those frequenting fresh water, after which the Sheildrakes, Geese, and Swans. We shall, however, enter more fully into the divisions of these families and genera, especially those of the Ducks, the divisions of which will be almost entirely founded on the form of the skeleton and trachea, when we arrive at that portion of our work. The subjects will also be illustrated by many woodcuts of trachea, and other parts, from which the divisions are taken. PROSPECTUS. SINCE the time of the publication of the last edition of the HISTORY of BRITISH BIRDS, by the late Thomas Bewick, many birds have been discovered to be inhabitants, or visitants, of the British isles; and are consequently not figured in his work. To supply this deficiency is the only aim of the author; and, to the accomplishment of which, he trusts he shall be deemed competent, as he possesses nearly a perfect collection of British Birds, and has the assistance of some eminent naturalists in his undertaking. The work will appear in three numbers, and will be printed in two sizes, royal octavo and demy octavo, to correspond with that of Bewick. The first two numbers will consist entirely of woodcuts, vignettes, and accompanying description ; and the third number will contain a systematic catalogue of all British birds, rectifying the mistakes in Bewick, a list of synonyms, together with the title-page, preface, and table of contents ; on the former of which will be given a woodcut of a hybrid bird between the cock pheasant and grey hen. The whole work, when complete, will form one octavo volume. PART II. Price 7s. A HISTORY OF THE RARER SPECIES OF BRITISH BIRDS. BY T. C. EYTON, ESQ. INTENDED AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE HISTORY OF BPvITlSH BIRDS, BY THE LATE THOMAS BEWICK. Illustrates toitfj LONDON: LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN} AND HOULSTON AND SON, PATERNOSTER-ROW. To be completed in three monthly Parts. HOULSTON S, PRINTERS, WELLINGTON, SALOP. NOTICE. From unavoidable circumstances, we have been obliged to substitute a part of our Catalogue for the remaining half-sheet of Birds, which ought to have appeared in this Part, but will now appear in Part III. CINEREOUS SHEARWATER. Puffinus Cinereus. STEPHENS. MR. SELBY, in his " Illustrations of British Ornithology," mentions a specimen of this bird, killed upon the coast of Northumberland, and now in his possession. With such high authority for its introduction, we cannot do otherwise than place it in the present work. Although a very rare visitant in this country, it appears not to be uncommon in the Mediter- ranean, and on the southern coasts of the European Continent. Mr. Selby is of opinion, that the bird before us may have occasionally been killed in this country before, but confounded with the Manks Shearwater. The following are the principal distinctive marks : — P. Ci- nereus is about a third larger, has the bill more curved and more strongly hooked than in P. Anglorum. The upper parts of the plumage are dusky ash, with the margins and tips of H RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 49 CINEREOUS SHEARWATER. Pujfinus Cinereus. STEPHENS. MR. SELBY, in his " Illustrations of British Ornithology," mentions a specimen of this bird, killed upon the coast of Northumberland, and now in his possession. With such high authority for its introduction, we cannot do otherwise than place it in the present work. Although a very rare visitant in this country, it appears not to be uncommon in the Mediter- ranean, and on the southern coasts of the European Continent. Mr. Selby is of opinion, that the bird before us may have occasionally been killed in this country before, but confounded with the Manks Shearwater. The following are the principal distinctive marks : — P. Ci- nereus is about a third larger, has the bill more curved and more strongly hooked than in P. Anglorum. The upper parts of the plumage are dusky ash, with the margins and tips of H 50 HISTORY OF the scapulars lighter ; forehead, pale ash ; chin and under parts, dirty white ; tail, rounded, upper surface, black, underside ash coloured ; the outer side of the tarsi, blueish, inner side and webs, dirty yellow. The young have the plumage above of a deeper tint. Length, seventeen inches ; length of tarsi, two inches and two tenths. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 51 DUSKY SHEARWATER. Piiffinus Fuliginosus. KUHL. A NOTICE was read, July the 5th, 1832, before the Committee of the Zoological Society, by Arthur Strictland, Esq. of Boynton, near Burlington, Yorkshire, of a species of Puffin, shot by Mr. George Marwood, jun. of Busby, in the middle of August, at the mouth of the river Tees. The bird, according to Mr. Strictland, " is referable to the Puffinus Fuliginosus of Kuhl, whose descrip- tion, in his Beitrage, rests upon two unpublished drawings, which form part of the valuable collection of Sir Joseph Banks, now in the British Museum, one of which is marked Procellaria Fuliginosa by Forster, the other Nectris Fuligiuosa by Solander, in whose MS. Notes it is described under the latter name." The Procellaria Fuliginosa of the same MS., though similar in size and colour, is entirely different, and at once distinguishable, 52 HISTORY OF by having the bill short and powerful, and the nostrils in a raised tube, like the true Procellariae. The true Fuliginosa of Latham is also distinct, being the Thalassidroma Leacchii of Vigors; and the only description in the " General History of Birds," which at all resembles the present species, is the Pro Grisea, a species distinct from that described under the same name by Linnaeus. The Dusky Puffin is of a deep brown colour, with the throat slightly tinted with grey ; wings, dark brown ; bill, brown ; outer sides of the tarsi and external toes, brown ; internal side of the tarsi and webs, fuscous yellow ; length, eighteen inches ; length of tarsi, two inches and a quarter ; length of middle toes, two inches and a half; bill, from the point to the gape, two and a half inches ; from the point to the forehead, one inch and seven-eighths ; the back toe is wanting, a strong claw taking its place, as is the case with most of the genus Procellaria ; nos- trils distinct, and very little raised, in which it agrees with P, Anglorum, Ray. The species above described is unquestionably a most rare bird on the British coasts ; and it is to the kindness of Arthur Strict- land, Esq., the only person that I am aware of who possesses a specimen of it, that we are indebted for a drawing, from which our cut is taken. Since the capture of the above bird, that gentleman states, that he has procured another specimen on the Yorkshire coast, which he considers to be the younger bird of the two, the plumage being lighter in colour generally, and particularly so on the under surface of the body. We believe that this is the first time that the above bird has been engraved. RARER BRITISH BIRDS, 53 POMARINE SKUA. Lestris Striatus. BRISSON. OF late years, this Gull has borne the specific name of Poma- rinus, given to it by Teraminck, in preference to that of Striatus, given to it by Brisson, who, being the older author, is entitled, according to the rule we have endeavoured to follow in this little work, to have his trivial name continued. We have, therefore, placed it at the head of this account. The bird before us is the Arctic bird supposed to be the female of Edwards, who curiously enough supposes, the Parasitic Gull to be the male ; and concludes his account of it with saying, that they were brought from Hudson's Bay, and, he believes, have never before been figured. The bird, figured by Edwards, appears not to be correctly drawn ; as the two elongated middle tail feathers, so characteristic of the genus, are not elongated ; but, in his description, he says, " The tail hath the middle feathers a little longer than those on the sides." 54 HISTORY OF To our countryman Edwards, therefore, belongs the credit of having first figured this bird, and to Brisson that of naming it. The Pomarine Skua, in the adult state of its plumage, has the head, down to just below the eye, dark brown, approaching to black, the dark marking ending in a point on the back of the head. Sides of the neck, light straw colour; becoming darker on the throat, and hind neck. Lower plumage, straw coloured, thickly traversed with transverse bars of brown ; the bars and ground colour becoming fainter towards the belly, which is pure white. Whole of the upper plumage, together with the wings and tail, of a dark umber brown ; bill, yellow, pointed with black ; legs and feet, deep black ; the two centre tail feathers are about two and a half inches longer than the rest. The young bird, before the autumnal moult, is of a brown colour, with the tip of the feathers and under plumage rather lighter. Length, fifteen inches. Mr. John Gould, in his work on the European Birds, informs us, that he has procured these birds in considerable abundance from every part of our coasts, while in the performance of their migrations. It is chiefly, however, an inhabitant of the Arctic Circle. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 55 ARCTIC JAGER. Lestris Parasiticus. LINNAEUS. THERE can be little doubt that the bird, figured by Bewick, under the name of Arctic Gull, is the Lestris Richardsonii of Swainson. Many facts concur to confirm this opinion, particu- larly the woodcut, which is that of a bird in the adult plumage, in which state, in L. Parasiticus of Linnaeus, the two centre tail feathers exceed the other tail feathers in length nearly seven inches, while, in L. Richardsonii, the same feathers only exceed the rest by three inches. The length of both species is about twenty-one inches. Sup- posing, therefore, Bewick's bird to be the true L. Parasiticus, the two centre tail feathers ought to exceed the others, in length, about one-fourth the whole length of the bird, measuring from the tip of the bill to the tip of the centre toe, which, it is evident, is not the case. Bewick's account of his bird also agrees with that of L. Richardsonii, but not with that of its congener. He mentions 56 HISTORY OF numbers of them frequenting the Hebrides in the breeding sea- sons, which is not the case with L. Parasiticus, but is the case with L. Richardsonii ; L. Parasiticus being rather a rare bird on the British shores. In general plumage the two birds much resemble each other, the chief and most distinctive mark in the old birds being the difference in length of the elongated centre tail feathers, which, in L. Parasiticus, measure twelve inches, and in L. Richardsonii nine inches ; and in the tarsi, which in the former bird measures one inch and three-eighths, and in the latter one inch and seven- eighths in length. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 57 OF THE GULLS IN GENERAL, Genus Larus. LINN^US. THE genus Larus (thus characterized : — bill, moderate, cul- trated, laterally compressed, bent downwards at the tip; nos- trils, longitudinal, oblong ; anterior toes, membrinated ; hind toe, small or wanting; wings, long) has generally been subdivided into two sub genera — Xema, Leach, having the tail forked ; Larus, Stephens, having the tail even ; and sometimes is added Rissa, wanting the hind toe.* Under the sub genus Larus, there has generally been placed two distinct forms, which appear to us to require further subdivision. We therefore propose the name of Chroicocephalusf for a new sub genus under Larus, Linn., for the reception of such Gulls as have the tarsi slender ; thighs considerably denuded ; hind toe, very small ; head only, or head and upper part of the neck, dark coloured in the summer state of plumage. Under this sub genus will be in- cluded the British species of L. Capistratus, Temm., L. Ridi- bundus, Linn., and L. Minutus, Pallas, together with the Con- tinental one of L. Albicilla, J Linn. The general contour of * The genus Lestris, by Cuvier, is placed as a sub genus under Larus, Linnaeus. See Remarks on Swimming Birds in general. t Derived from two Greek words, K|OOIKO£, coloured, and Kf^aX?/, head; signifying, that the birds classed under that name have coloured heads. t Montagu mentions, having seen some specimens of this Gull on the coast, near Hastings ; but as none are on record, as killed in the British isles, we shall not admit it into the British Fauna on such uncertain evidence. 58 HISTORY OF these birds is much lighter than that of Larus ; they generally feed on the edge of the water, sometimes wading, for which their partially naked thighs peculiarly adapt them. Of the four sub genera into which we propose to divide the Gulls, perhaps that of Rissa, Leach, containing the Kittiwake, conies nearest to Lestris. We shall therefore place it first, and Xema, Leach, last, as coming nearest to the Terns, (Genus Sterna, Linn.) The subdivisions of the genus Larus, therefore, will stand thus : — Sub gen. 1. Rissa, Leach. Wanting the hind toe ; tarsi, moderate. 2. Larus, Stephens. Hind toe, perfect ; tarsi, strong ; thighs, fea- thered, nearly to the joints; head, white in the summer and winter plumage ; tail, rounded. 3. Chroicocephalus, Nobis. Hind toe, perfect ; tarsi, slender ; thighs, much denuded ; tail, rounded ; head, dark coloured in the summer plumage. 4. Xema, Leach. Tail, forked. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 59 ICELAND GULL. Larus Leucopterus. FABER. M. TEMMINCK, and Captain Sabine, for some time did not allow that this Gull and the Herring Gull (Larus Angentatus, Brunn) were distinct ; but later observations, and particularly those of Mr. Edmonston, have, without doubt, proved them to be so. It was supposed to be the L. Angentatus, deprived of the black markings on the wings by the cold of the Arctic regions; but the Herring Gull is found not to be deprived of these markings in the same habitat, why, therefore, should it be the case with some, and not with others ? Mr. Edmonston noticed this bird as a winter visitant of Unst, one of the Shetland Isles, where it was confounded by the inhabitants with the Burgomaster, under the name of Iceland Gull. A few, Mr. Selby informs us in his " British Ornitho- logy," stray as far southward as the Northumbrian coast, where he mentions having obtained three or four specimens, but all in an immature state of plumage. In the " Fauna Boriali Americana," this Gull is mentioned under the name L. Leucopterus, (Faber.) We are also told, in the same work, that, during the first voyage of Sir Edward Parry and Captain Ross, many specimens of this Gull were obtained in Davis's Straits, Baffin's Bay, and Melville Island. The Iceland Gull differs from the Burgomaster in being of smaller size, being about six inches less in length, and nine in breadth. The tarsi are half an inch shorter in the former than in the latter. The wings, when closed in the former, reach beyond the tail ; while, in the latter, they do not reach quite to 60 HISTORY OF the end of it. In plumage the two birds much resemble each other, except the quills, which in the Iceland Gull are white, and in the Glaucus are half grey ; the head is also grey. The bird figured by Bewick, under the name of Glaucus, or Iceland Gull, is the true Larus Glaucus of authors. The name of Iceland Gull is now transferred to its near ally, the bird we have been describing ; and in most works will be found described under the name of Larus Islandicus, Edmonston ; but the specific name of Leucopterus having been given to it by Faber, we of course retain it, having the priority. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 61 LITTLE GULL. Chroicocephalus Minutus. PALLAS. A SLIGHT notice of this bird only occurs in Bewick's " History of British Birds." This being the case, therefore, and the bird being rather an interesting one, as the smallest of our British Gulls, we have ventured to give some further account of it, together with a woodcut. Montagu, in the appendix to his " Ornithological Dictionary," gives an etching of this spe- cies, together with the first account, that we are aware of, of its occurrence in the British isles. The specimen he inspected was one in an immature state of plumage, killed near Chelsea, on the Thames, and was then in the collection of Mr. Plasted of that place. Since the time of Montagu, however, other speci- mens have occurred, so as leave no doubt of its title to a place in the British Fauna. The Little Gull, in its adult winter dress, has the under plumage, forehead, and tail, of a pure white, the former sometimes slightly tinted with rose colour; upper plumage, of 62 HISTORY OF a clear pearly grey, with the secondaries tipped with white ; nape of the neck, and back part of the head, brownish black ; bill, reddish black ; legs, bright red. In its summer plumage, this bird is remarkable for the great change which it exhibits from that of winter, particularly with regard to the head, which at that time, together with the nape of the neck, is of a deep black. The bill and legs, also, become blood red. The young bird, also, before the first moult, exhibits consi- derable difference from the plumage of the adult ; the quills having their outer webs and tips black. The tail feathers are also tipped with black. The upper plumage is of brownish grey, instead of the beautiful pearly grey of the adult bird. Length, nine inches and a half; length of the tarsi, one inch and a tenth. The proper habitat of the Little Gull is in Russia, Livonia, Hungary, and the shores of the Caspian Sea. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 63 BROWN-HEADED GULL. Chroicocephalus Capistratus. TEMMINCK. THE above bird appears to have been first distinguished by Temminck, from Larus Ridibundus, under the name of L. Ca- pistratus. It is one of those species which belong to our new sub genus, having the head white in winter, and brown in sum- mer. It has occurred, according to the last mentioned author, in the Orkneys, Scotland, in Baffin's Bay, and Davis's Straits, and has been shot, according to Mr. Jenyns, in Ireland, by Mr. Thompson. Its plumage during winter, according to Temminck, is precise- ly similar to that of L. Ridibundus, but may be distinguished from that Gull by the difference in size, it being smaller ; and by its bill being also smaller and more slender ; it differs also in the measurements, L. Capistratus being fifteen inches in length, and the length of the tarsi being one inch and six lines ; while those of L. Ridibundus are as follows : — Length, seventeen inches and a half; length of tarsi, one inch and three-quarters. In the summer plumage, the above bird has the head and upper part of the neck of nearly the same colour as in L. Ridi- bundus, dull brown, but is edged below with a ring of darker brown, lowest in front, and not descending below the occiput behind ; scapulars and wing coverts, blueish ash ; quills, white, though tipped and edged with black ; the remainder of both upper and lower plumage, white; bill, legs, and feet, of a reddish brown. The eggs, according to Temminck, are rather smaller than those of L. Ridibundus. Nothing appears to be known regarding its habits. 64 HISTORY OF SABINE'S XEME. Xema Sabini. LEACH. VERY little appears to be known with respect to the habits of this bird. It was first observed by Captain Sabine in Green- land ; his account will be found in the twelfth volume of the " Linnean Transactions." Mr. Thompson, in volume ten of the " London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine," men- tions two specimens having been obtained in Ireland. The adult bird, in summer, has the head and upper part of the neck of a dark slate or lead colour, immediately below which is a collar of black ; under plumage, and remaining part of the neck, white; primaries, black tipped, and, with the edges of the inner webs, white ; back, greyish ash ; scapulars, wing coverts, and secondaries, of the same colour ; remainder of the RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 65 wing and tail, white ; bill, black, tipped with yellow ; legs, black. The eggs, according to Captain Sabine, are of an olive colour, blotched with brown. Length, from twelve and a half to fourteen inches. (JO HISTORY OF CASPIAN TERN. Sterna Caspia. PALLAS. THERE, perhaps, has not been a greater acquisition to our Fauna of late years than that of this splendid species of Tern, without, indeed, we except the Cygnus Bewickii of Mr. Yarrell. The specimens obtained in the United Kingdom are confined to a few on the eastern coast, blown probably from their proper line of migration by high winds. The Caspian Tern is one of the largest species of the genus Sterna, uniting, with its size, that superior elegance of form, general contour, and ease of flight, for which its genus are so remarkable. The above bird has, according to Temminck, the following habitat:— the shores of the Baltic; the isles of that Gulf; the RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 67 Caspian Sea, and the Archipelago ; very rare on the great rivers of Germany ; occasionally seen on the coasts of France and Holland ; and exceedingly rare on the lakes and rivers of the interior. In its adult summer dress, the Caspian Tern has the top of the head and occiput black ; wing coverts, back, and tail, pearly grey ; under plumage and neck, pure white ; quills, brown ; legs, black ; bill, bright red ; length, twenty inches and a half. In its winter dress, the black markings on the head are wanting. According to Mr. Stephens, in " Shaw's Zoology," it lays two or three large ashy green eggs, and its manners some- what resemble those of the Gulls. But Mr. Stephens is in error when he says, in the work above mentioned, that the upper parts of the body are pure snowy white. 68 HISTORY OF ARCTIC TERN. Sterna Arctica. TEMMINCK. UNTIL of late years this Tern has been confused with the common one. M. Temminck, in his " Manuel d'Ornithologie," was the first naturalist who distinguished and characterised it ; since which it has been found, by Mr. Gould, to be common in the Orkney and Shetland Isles, and by ourselves in the Skerries, a group of bare rocks about nine miles from Holyhead, where we obtained several specimens of this Tern, together with the common one ; but did not observe, probably from not being aware of the fact at the time, that the two species do not associate. We gathered also a number of the eggs of both species, which greatly resemble one another, those of the Arctic Tern, however, being rather the smallest. The man who attends the lighthouse on the Skerries states, that the old birds continue to feed the young until the second year. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 69 The resemblance between this species and the common Tern is very close ; and indeed we may say, that without a very minute examination it is next thing to impossible to distinguish them. We did not recognise the specimens obtained at the Skerries until after our return home. In plumage, the Arctic Tern agrees very nearly with the common Tern in all its stages, but the comparative measure- ments of the bill and tarsi furnish good and invariable cha- racters. The length of the gape in the Arctic Tern is one inch and three-quarters, that of the tarsi barely five-eighths ; while, in the common Tern, the depth of the gape is two inches, and the length of the tarsi seven-eighths. The lower plumage of the Arctic Tern, during the breeding season, is of a pearly grey, nearly as dark as that of the back. In the common species, the lower plumage is white, or has merely a very slight shade of grey on the wings. 70 HISTORY OF BLACK NODDY. Anous Stolida. LINN^US. THE genus Anous differs chiefly from Sterna, which it appears to approach nearest to, in the bill assuming something of the form of that of the Gulls ; in the tail not being forked, and nearly equal in length to the wings. There is also conside- rable difference in the habits of the two genera : the Noddies being dull and stupid birds, easily approached, and killed ; the contrary, on the other hand, being the case among the lively Terns. The bird, whose name stands at the head of this account, was killed in the county of Wexford, Ireland, and is, we believe, a solitary instance of its occurrence within the United Kingdom. It is said, according to Mr. Stephens, in the continuation of RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 71 " Shaw's Zoology," in volume thirteen of that work, to breed on the rocky ledges of St. Helena and the Bermuda Isles, and in various parts of Brasil and Cayenne. The principal colour of the Black Noddy is, as its name imports, black, or blackish brown, with the quills darkest. The top of the head and forehead is, however, white and dusky towards the margins of the patch. Legs, black: Length, from fifteen to sixteen inches. 72 HISTORY OF OF THE DUCK TRIBE. Lamellirostres. CUVIER. IT is with considerable diffidence that we place before the public a sketch of a new arrangement of the above tribe ; but not having hitherto seen one in which the anatomical characters, with regard to the skeleton at least, was at all considered, we venture to propose the following : — The genus Mergus we place at the head of the family Lamelli- rostres, of the order Palmipides of Cuvier, on account of its near alliance with the Divers and Cormorants of the last division, (Des Totipalmes, Cuvier; Totipalmata, Nobis.) The narrow elongated pelvis, and long and narrow bill, point it out as connected with them ; at the same time that the serrated edges of the bill, enlarged inferior larynx of the male birds, and lobated hind toe, connect it with the Ducks; among which the genus Fuligula* of Ray, and especially F. Ferina, Stephens, is pointed out on account of its largely crested head, and the tube of the trachea having two bulbs between the superior and inferior larynx : in fact, this Duck presents such differences, both external and internal, from the rest of the genus Fuligula, that we have separated it from that genus, and placed it in a new one, (Mergoides, Nobis.) We shall also separate F. Stelleri, Pallas, placing it as a sub genus under Fuligula, for which we * We have more than once, in dissecting birds of this genus, taken the remains of small fish from the gizzard, and once a nearly perfect one from the oesophagus of F. Ferina, Linnaeus. Should this mode of feeding be constant, it connects this genus still more nearly with the Mergansers. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 73 propose the subgeneric name of Polysticta, (many-marked,) alluding to the variety of its colours. We shall then proceed through the true Marine or Diving Ducks, with the ribs coming far backwards over the abdo- men, the sternum large and broad, the pelvis narrow, the feet large, and the hind toe largely lobated, (under which divi- sion we place the genera Somateria, Leach ; Oidemia, Fleming ; Clangula, Fleming; Harelda, Leach,) to those which often frequent fresh water, and occasionally feed on land ; charac- terised by having the sternum narrower; the pelvis broader, but ribs shorter, not going so far backwards ; and feet smaller than in the last division; hind toe not lobated, or only slight- ly so : under which come the genus Anas, Linnaeus ; with its sub genera, Querquedula, Willoughby ; Chauliodus, Swainson ; Rhynchaspis, Leach ; Dafila, Leach ; Boschas, Swainson ; and the genus Tadorna, Leach. The Geese, (genus Anser,) and the Swans, (genus Cygnus,) are now the only genera among our British Ducks that remain. The former we shall place next to the Ducks, but divided from them by having the keel of the sternum deeper ; the margins of the bill less laminated ; the hind toe small in proportion to the size of the birds ; trachea, simple. The species of the genus Anser, found in our islands, are divided into two sub genera, viz. Anser, Ray ; and Bernicla, Stephens ; in the latter of which the hind toe is smallest, and the bill shorter in proportion to the head than in the former. The genus Cygnus may be at once distinguished from Anser by the greater length of the neck ; the still smaller size of the hind toe in proportion to that of the bird, the tarsi being shorter; and by the trachea, which is simple in some of the species, entering the keel of the sternum. A list of the genera L 74 HISTORY OF and sub genera, with the species that belong to each, as far as found in the British Isles, will be given in the Catalogue of British Birds at the end of the work. For particulars, and good plates of those Tracheae of which we do not give cuts, we refer our readers to a paper, by Dr. Latham, in volume four of the " Linnaean Transactions," and to a series of papers, by Mr. Yarrell, in volumes fifteen and sixteen of the same work. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 75 HOODED MERGANSER. Mergus Cuculatus. LINN^US. THE honour of having first recorded this most striking species of Merganser as a straggler to our coasts, is, we believe, due to Mr. Selby. His account will be found in the first volume of the '•' Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumber- land, Durham, and Newcastle." The specimen recorded was killed at Yarmouth, in the winter of L829 ; and in his " Illus- trations of Ornithology" he mentions, that he has been informed, that more instances have occurred, apparently females, or young males in the garb of that sex. One specimen has also occurred to ourselves, killed in the Menai Straits, near Bangor, in the winter 1830-31, which we think is an immature male, as the feathers of the crest are longer and more numerous than in the female. 76 HISTORY OF The species before us is as rare on the Continent as it is on our islands ; but in America it is by no means uncommon, being frequently seen in the southern States during winter. Wilson says, the species is peculiar to America, and is said to arrive in Hudson's Bay about the end of May, and builds close to the lakes. The nest is composed of grass, lined with feathers from the breast. It lays about six white eggs. The young, when first excluded from the shell, as is the case with the other species of the genus, are yellowish. The male Hooded Merganser has the irides gold yellow ; bill, red ; head, with a crest of long silky feathers, extending from the base of the bill to the occiput ; head and neck, glossy black, with purple and green inflections ; hood, with a fan shaped patch of white, the small end placed a little behind the eye, and extending backwards nearly to the edge of the hood ; breast and under side, white, the former with two bands of black tapering to a point in front of the wings ; quills, deep brown ; tertials, brown, consisting of five feathers, having white centres, and black edges; tail, dark brown; back, black; flanks, dark chesnut, with narrow transverse undulated bars of black, or brownish. Female, with the crest smaller than in the male, and the feathers not so numerous, ferruginous ; neck, back, and wings, umber brown, varying in intensity ; throat, white ; lower part of the neck, light umber brown ; belly, white ; feet and legs, in both male and female, light reddish. The cut represents an old male in full plumage ; the vignette, page 74, is taken from our specimen. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 77 RED-CRESTED POCHARD. Mergoides Rufina. LINN^US. A NOTICE by Mr. Yarrell appears in the second volume of the Zoological Journal, of a bird of this species, which proved to be a young male, being shot near Boston, Lincolnshire, in the month of January, 1826 ; it was in company with a flight of Widgeons. A female specimen, also, Mr. Gould informs us, in his European Birds, is in the possession of the Hon. W. T. T. Fiennes, killed out of a flight of eighteen, on the Thames, at Erith, Kent. Nothing appears to be known of its nidification. Temminck 78 HISTORY OF gives the following habitat : — the north-eastern countries of Europe ; a periodical visitant to the Caspian Sea, to Hungary, and Austria ; and a regular visitant to the great lakes of Switzerland. The male Red -Crested Duck, has the head largely crested, and, together with the upper part of the neck, chesnut ; lower part of the neck, breast, and belly, dirty brownish black, some- times with some of the feathers slighty tipped with white ; back, light bro\vn ; shoulders, and a large spot on the flanks, white ; tail feathers and quills, cinereous ; rump, black ; bill, red, and, at the tip, white ; legs and toes, red ; membranes, black. The female has the upper plumage cinereous ; crown, dark brown ; cheeks, throat, and sides of the neck, dull cinereous ; flanks and breast, light brown ; shoulders, white ; belly, cinereous ; bill, legs, and feet, reddish brow?n. The following vignette represents the trachea of this species. By a comparison of it with the vignette in page 76, represent- ing the same part in the common Merganser, their near affinity in form will be seen. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 79 WESTERN DUCK. X Polysticta Stelleri. PALLAS. Two specimens of this elegant bird are mentioned in Sir William Jardine's and Mr. Selby's " Illustrations of British and of General Ornithology" as obtained in Europe, one in Denmark, another in the British Isles, during the month of February, 1830, at Carsted, near Yarmouth, and is now in the possession of the Rev. George Steward, rector of that place. It is found on the north-western shores of the American Con- tinent, and in Kamschatka, generally flying in flocks, and breeding among the rocks. 80 HISTORY OF The males and females are very unlike in the marking of their plumage. The male has the chin, throat, fore part of the neck, and collar, black ; a black stripe passes from the collar down the neck to the back, which is also black ; head, sides, the upper and back part of the neck to the collar, white ; fore- head and nape of the neck with a band of green, that on the nape terminating with a black spot on each side ; a black irre- gular patch behind the eyes, with a narrow band proceeding from it round the orbits ; breast and sides, bright ferruginous ; vent, black ; tail, black, or dark brown, with the edges of the feathers lighter ; wing coverts, white, with the tips, and a bar about the centre of them, black ; quills, deep brown, approach- ing to black ; humeral spot, black ; scapulars, black, edged with lighter, and long. The female is of a brown colour, varied with lighter brown ; having the secondaries and great coverts tipped with white ; irides, brown ; bill and legs, black ; length, fifteen inches. RARKR BRITISH BIRDS. SURF DUCK. Oidemia Perspidllata. LINNAEUS. FEW are the specimens of this bird which have been obtained on the British coasts ; it has, however, been occasionally found in the Orkney and Shetland Isles. The Surf Duck is one of those North American and Arctic species which we now and then find driven, probably by stress of weather, from their true line of migration. Wilson, the American ornithologist, says, that they are altogether confined to the shores and bays of the sea, particularly where the waves roll over the sandy beach. Their food consists chiefly of small bivalve shells, spout fish, and others, that lie in the sand near the surface, for which they dive constantly, both in the sandy M 82 HISTORY OF bays, and amidst the tumbling surf. They are shy birds, and not easily approached ; and are common, in winter, along the whole coast, from the river St. Lawrence to Florida. The Surf Duck has the bill of an orange yellow, with a four- cornered rather diamond-shaped patch of black on the side, near the base of the upper mandible. The bill, as in the rest of its genus, is raised at the base, and short and thick in propor- tion to the size of the bird. Plumage, in general, dead black, but slightly glossed on the sides of the neck ; a patch of white on the occiput ; another elongated one down the back of the neck. The female is dusky brown ; lighter about the neck and belly ; the raised part of the bill not so prominent as in the male. Size about that of the Velvet Duck, or rather smaller. Length of the male, one foot four inches ; of the female, one foot three inches : length of the bill from gape to apex, two inches and six lines. The female of the Black Scoter is not very unlike the bird of the same sex in this species ; but they may easily be distinguished : in the first place, by the length of the bill, that of Oidemia Perspicillata being the longest ; and also by the grey marking on the cheeks and behind the eye, the same colour being in O. Nigra confined to the throat. Another species, nearly allied to the two just mentioned, has been introduced by Dr. Fleming, in his " British Animals," into the British Fauna, viz. Oidemia Leucocephala, Stephens, or White-headed Duck ; but as it appears to be only on the suppo- sition, that the female of O. Nigra may have been mistaken for it, we have not admitted it into our work. Should the species occur to any of our readers, they will at once be able to distin- guish it by the situation of the hind toe, which is placed much higher on the tarsi in the White-headed Duck than on the RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 83 Scoter, and forms by its position one of the principal distinctive marks of the genus Undina, a new genus instituted by Mr. Gould, and in which the above bird is placed. Edwards gives a figure of the Surf Duck, under the name of the Great Black Duck, and says, that he believes it had never before been described, but that he cannot say so with respect to its figuring, because he thinks he has discovered a draught of it in a small set of Dutch prints of birds, published at Amsterdam, by Nicola Visscher, anno 1659. 84 HISTORY OF HARLEQUIN DUCK. Clangula Histrionica. LINN^US. FEW of the Duck tribe exceed the Harlequin in the beauty of their plumage, and the singularity and distinctness of its markings. It must be a matter of regret to all who have seen the species, that it is of such rare occurrence in the British Isles. It is another of the birds whose true habitat is in the Arctic regions, but of which a scattered few occasionally visit our isles. In some parts of America the bird is far from rare, being found in considerable abundance in the neighbourhood of Hudson's Bay, frequenting small rivulets, where Wilson informs us that it breeds, the female laying ten white eggs in the grass. It is RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 85 found also, says the same spirited writer, as far south as Lake Baikal, and from thence to Kamschatka. It is also met with, according to Latham, in Iceland. The male Harlequin Duck has the bill lead colour, tipped with red ; irides, dark hazel ; crown, black ; between the base of the bill and the eye is a triangular patch of white, with the small end towards the bill. From the upper corner of the white patch, a streak of brown, of variable intensity, proceeds over the eye to the occiput. Back of the neck, black, with an elongated white streak on each side ; throat, and upper part of the neck, shining violet black ; auricular patch, white ; collar, and a streak extending nearly from the point of one wing round the front of the breast to that of the other, wing coverts, and largest tertials, white ; breast and belly, brownish ; vent, brown ; tail, dark umber brown ; wing spot, purple; quills, dark brown. Female, brown, with the margins of the feathers paler ; spot between the base of the bill and the eye, and auricular spot, white ; belly and vent, white, blotched with brown. Length of the male, sixteen and a half inches ; breadth, twenty-seven inches : the female rather smaller. Edwards relates, that the Newfoundland fishermen call it the Lord ; and supposes the reason to be, from the likeness to a chain it has round its neck ; " seeing the wearing gold chains is an ancient mark of dignity in Europe." His etching of it, under the name of the Dusky and Spotted Duck, is a very fair one. HISTORY OF BEWICK'S SWAN. Cygnus Bewickii. YARRELL. * ABOUT the same time that this Swan was noticed by Mr. Yarrell, as distinct from the common species, it was also noticed by Mr. Richard Wingate of Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; but the honour of having characterised and described it, not only as RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 87 new to the British Isles, but to the world, certainly belongs to Mr. Yarrell, whose interesting paper on it was read before the Linnean Society, January 19, 1830. Bewick's Swan differs considerably in size from the common wild one, or Hooper, being about one-third less, and measuring from the point of the bill to the end of the tail three feet nine inches ; the Hooper measuring from the same points five feet. From the point of the bill to the edge of the forehead it measures three and a half inches ; length of the tarsi is three inches and three-quarters ; the number of tail feathers eighteen in the new species. The following are the measurements of the Hooper from the same points : — Point of bill to forehead, four inches and three-eighths ; length of tarsi, four inches ; number of tail feathers, twenty. In colouring, except in that of the bills, the birds perfectly resemble each other, at least in our specimens ; and it appears to undergo the same changes in its progress to maturity that the Hooper does, being at first grey, and afterwards white. The bill in both species is black, with yellow markings at the base ; which, in the new species, end abruptly a little behind the nostrils, but in the Hooper are pointed. Besides these external differences, which leave no doubt of the validity of the species, the following internal ones distinguish them ; which, had any doubts existed before, must at once remove them. The distinctions of which I speak are in the organs of voice, or tracheae. The tracheal tube in both species enters the keel of the sternum. In the new species, at the point from which it recurves towards the bronchia?, being the point at which it penetrates deepest into the sternum, it takes a horizontal position ; the part of the tube going from the point of recurva- ture towards the mouth, or upper extremity of the tube, being #8 HISTORY OF horizontal with the part going towards the bronehiae, or lower extremity. The following Cut represents the sternum and trachea of C. Bewickii, a portion of the bone on the inside being removed to shew the convolution of the tube : — In the Hooper, at the same point, the part^of the tube'of the trachea going towards the mouth, is placed vertically over that going towards the bronchiae. — See the following Cut : — Another species of Swan has lately been described by Mr. Yarrell, (Cygnus Buccinator of the " Fauna Boreali Ameri- cana,") of which, as we think it not improbable it may occur in the British Isles, being an American species, we shall give a short description. It has the bill entirely black ; and the trachea, after penetrating the keel, recurves, having a horizontal RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 8.9 position^ as in C. Bewickii ; and, before reaching the external aperture by which it entered the sternum, is suddenly elevated about two inches above the line of the superior surface of the keel. Mr. Yarrell's paper on this bird was read before the Linriaean Society, March 20, 1832, and published in the " Tran- sactions" of that Society ; to which we must refer our readers for further particulars. The Swan commonly seen on our pools, in a half wild state, is an introduced species, and does not properly belong to our Fauna. Its trachea does not penetrate the sternum. During the winter 1829-30, many specimens of Cygnus Bewickii were obtained in the British Isles. Mr. Yarrell pur- chased five examples in the London market, and we were fortunate enough to obtain four from the Cambridgeshire fens. We have also observed a specimen in the Birmingham Museum. 90 HISTORY OF ADDENDA TENGMALM'S OWL. Syrnium Tengmalmi. LINNAEUS. WE were not aware until lately of so well authenticated an instance of the capture of this Owl in the British Isles, as that which occurred to Mr. Selby of the bird figured in his "Il- lustrations of British Ornithology," under the name of Strix Passerina, Linnaeus. It was shot near Morpeth, Northumber- land, in 1812. Probably other specimens have occurred ; but, on account of the near resemblance this species bears to 'Noctua Passerina, have been overlooked. Both species are, however, RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 91 equally rare ; and fortunate, indeed, is the British collector who obtains a specimen of either killed in his native country. They may be at once distinguished by the facial circle in the little Owl having the interior light brown, mottled or speckled with darker brown and black ; the same part in Tengmalm's Owl being white, except just at the base of the bill, where there is a black spot, and by the feet, which have only a few strag- gling feathers, or rather hairs, upon them in the former, while in the latter they are thickly covered. The upper plumage of S. Tengmalmi is of a brownish liver colour, dotted on the forehead with round yellowish white spots, smallest on the forehead, and gradually becoming larger and fewer on the back : on the scapulars they are, however, nearly as numerous as on the crown. The quills have four spots of the same colour on the inner and outer webs ; the secondaries have two on their outer webs, and four or five on their inner ones: the wing coverts have also a few small spots upon them. The under surface has most of the feathers with black centres, margined with the same colour as the spots on the back. The tail is of the same colour as the back, with five bands of yellowish white broken in the centres by the shaft, and a slight streak of the same colour as the intermediate bands. The orbit of the facial circle is blackish ; the feathers covering the feet and legs, dirty white; length, eleven inches and a half. According to Dr. Richardson, in the " Fauna Boreali America- na," who quotes Mr. Hutchins, it builds its nest in fir trees, and lays two eggs. In North America it is far from uncommon. We are aware it has been suggested by Continental writers, that the Strix Passerina of English Authors is not the Strix Passerina of Linnaeus ; but as this appears doubtful, we retain the old synonyms. 92 HISTORY OF WHITE'S THRUSH. Turdus Whitei. NOBIS. WE are indebted to the Earl of Malmsbury for being able to insert a cut of the above bird in our work. His specimen is the only one that has been obtained, that we are aware of, in the British Isles, and was originally supposed to be identical with Turdus Varius, described and figured in Dr. Horsfield's " Zoo- logical Researches in Java." It was killed, Lord Malmsbury informs us, by him, on the 24th of January, 1828. It attracted his attention, on disturbing it, in passing through a plantation, where it appeared to have established its haunt in a high furze brake, as it returned to it repeatedly before he could succeed in shooting it. Its flight was undulating, similar to that of a Misseltoe Thrush, of which, when he first saw it on wing, he RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 93 thought it a variety. It is a female, was solitary, and, notwith- standing the season of the year, was plump and heavy. Two specimens, similar to the above bird, have, we under- stand, been obtained by the Zoological Society of London from the neighbourhood of Hamburgh. Mr. Yarrell, to whom we are indebted for this information, compared a drawing of ours, copied from a very beautiful one by Mr. John Curtis, and a description of Lord Malmsbury's bird, with the specimens above mentioned, and found them to coincide. Lord Malmsbury's bird was killed near Heron Court, his Lordship's seat in Hampshire ; on which account we have ven- tured to propose the specific appellation of Whitei, in memory of one with whom every body is familiar by name, the late Gilbert White, author of " White's Natural History of Sel- borne," a work which has and will afford many hours amuse- ment and instruction to hundreds, and is deservedly classed among our standard books on British natural history. The general colour of White's Thrush, on the upper surface, is ochraceous yellow, with a greenish tinge on the crown ; tips of all the feathers, black, or dusky, forming narrow transverse lunated spots ; auriculars, with a black line extending from the occiput over their posterior edges. Under surface, white, with an ill-defined ochraceous fascia across the breast ; all the feathers tipped with a black or dusky lunule, within which is one of light ochraceous; the throat and under coverts, pure white. Thighs, dusky. Quills, tipped with light ochraceous ; the edges of each exterior web, near the point and the base, marked with an elongated patch of the same colour, presenting, when the wing is partly closed, the appearance of two transverse fasciae across the whole of the quill feathers ; spurious wing, ochraceous, tipped with black ; greatest wing coverts, with the 94 HISTORY OF outer webs, ochraceous ; lesser and middle wing coverts, ochra- ceous, with a large black spot on each web ; legs and bill, of nearly the same colour as in the Missel Thrush ; claws, horn colour. Size, rather larger than that of the Missel Thrush. This bird may be distinguished from T. Varius, Horsfield, which it much resembles, and with which it has been confound- ed, by the greater number and smaller size of the lunated spots ; by the general colour of the upper surface being much lighter ; by the fasciae on the wings ; by the colour of the tip of the spurious wing ; and by that of the throat and under tail coverts. From the Missel Thrush it may be distinguished by its superior size, and by the spots being lunate instead of fan shaped. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 95 LAPLAND BUNTING. Plectrophanes Lapponica. LINNAEUS. THE number of specimens of this bird killed in the British Isles appears to be confined to four. The first obtained was selected from among some Larks in Leadenhall Market, by Mr. George Weighton, City Road, from whom it passed into the collection of Mr. Vigors. A second was taken near Brighton ; and was for some time thought to be a variety of the Lark : it is now in the collection of William Yarrell, Esq. Two others have since been obtained ; one near London, the other near Preston, in Lancashire. An interesting paper, by Mr. Selby, on the first specimen, appears in volume fifteen of the " Linnaean Transactions ;" it is also described in the " Fauna Boreali Americana," and in " Pennant's Arctic Zoology." This bird breeds in the arctic regions, placing its nest, com- posed of grass lined with hair, on the ground, generally on some 96 HISTORY OF small mound. It lays seven eggs, of a dusky yellow colour, spotted with brown. The adult male has the crown, occiput, throat, neck, and upper part of the breast, deep black. An irregular stripe of dusky or reddish white extends from the eye down each side of the neck to the breast, which, with the abdomen and under tail coverts, is of the same colour. Back of the neck, chesnut ; quills and tail feathers, brown, with the outer edges dusky white; back, brown, each feather with the centre black. In the female, the plumage is altogether of a duller cast ; the black of the head and neck is mottled with white, and the chesnut feathers on the back of the neck are edged with grey. The young much resemble the female. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 97 GULL-BILLED TERN. Sterna Anglica. MONTAGU. THE naturalist, whose name is attached to the specific appellation of this bird, was the first who distinguished it, in the supplement to the " Ornithological Dictionary," from the Sandwich Tern, which it much resembles in some stages of its plumage. / r Some doubts have been entertained whether the S. Anglica of Montagu and Temminck are synonymous ; for our own part, we think, without a cause, Mr. Jenyns, in his " Manual of British Vertebrata," and Mr. Selby, in his " Illustrations of British Ornithology," concur in thinking them so. In summer, the Gull-billed Tern has the crown, occiput, and upper part of the neck, black ; upper plumage, light blueish grey ; lower plumage and tail, white ; tips of the quills, and the half of the inner webs, next the shafts, grey, darkest at the tip. o 98 HISTORY OF In winter, it loses the black markings of the head and neck, and a few dusky dots appear behind the orbits. In the young state, the whole of the plumage is mottled with brownish ash ; legs and bill, black ; the lower mandible approaching in shape to that of the Gull's, as the name of the bird imports, being angulated at the point where the lateral portions meet. — Length, thirteen inches and a half; length of the bill from the rictus to the point, two inches ; length of the middle toe, one inch and three-tenths ; that of the tarsi, one inch and four-tenths. This species is at once distinguishable from the Sandwich Tern, which, of our British species, it most resembles, by the much greater length of the hind toe. The tibiae are much denuded, denoting littoreal habits, which, we learn, it possesses in an eminent degree. Wilson informs us, that his Sterna Aranea, which we believe to be synonymous with the Sterna Anglica of Montagu, lays three or four eggs of an olive green colour, marked with brown. The Cut represents the bird in the summer plumage ; the vignette in that of winter. NOTES OF THE OCCURRENCE OF SOME OF THE RARER SPECIES OF BRITISH BIRDS. Bombycilla Bohemica. Hiuss. (Bohemian Waxwing.) Several specimens of this bird have at different times occurred in Shropshire. Four were killed at one time out of a flight of five, by the Rev. John Rocke, of Clungunford, near that place. Turdus Torquatus. LINN. (Ring Thrush.) By no means a rare bird in Wales, particularly in the Berwyn chain of mountains near Corwen. Pastor Roseus. LINN. (Rose Ousel.) A most beautiful male specimen of this rare bird was killed four years ago, in a garden at Holyhead, Anglesea. Otis Tetrax. LINN. (Little Bustard.) Lord Malmesbury informs us, that he has in his possession a female specimen, killed near his seat, Heron Court, Hampshire ; another, also a female, is in our possession, killed in Norfolk. Charadrius Morrinillus. (Dotterel.) T. C. Heysham, Esq. of Carlisle, informs us, that, during 100 NOTES OF THE OCCURRENCE OF last summer, — that of 1835,— he succeeded in obtaining the eggs of the Dotterel, as well as the young bird, (a runner,) on the mountains in the neighbourhood of the Cumberland Lakes. Charadrius Cantianus. LATH. (Kentish Plover.) We have in our collection two specimens of this bird, obtained near Yarmouth. Egretta Ralloides. SCOP. (Squacco Heron.) We are informed by Lord Malmsbury, that there was in the hands of his bird-stuffer, at Dewhurst, four years ago, a fine specimen of this bird, obtained in the harbour of that place. Nycticorax Europaus. STEPH. (Night Heron.) Two specimens have occurred within our knowledge : one killed in Anglesea, now in the possession of T. B. Owen, Esq. of Tedsmore-Hall, Shropshire, in the adult plumage ; the other killed near Wroxeter, in Shropshire, now in the possession of Mr. Stanier, of that place, by whom it was killed, in the young state of plumage. Scolopax Sabini. VIGORS. (Sabine's Snipe.) We are informed by the same nobleman who gave us the information with regard to the occurrence of the Squacco Heron, that this snipe was killed by his son, four or five years ago, in the breeding season, in company with the common snipes, near Heron Court. Phalaropus Lobatus. LATH. (Grey Phalarope.) This bird has twice occurred in Shropshire: once to the Rev. John Rocke, of Clungunford, near that place ; and to ourselves, at Montford Bridge, near Shrewsbury. RARER BRITISH BIRDS. 101 Thalassidroma Bullockii. FLEM. (Fork-tailed Petrel.) A specimen of this bird is in our collection, obtained near Shrewsbury. Hybrid Bird. Since our account of the hybrid bird between Cock Pheasant and Grey Hen, contained in the preface, went to press, we have been informed, by Joseph Sabine, Esq. that a bird under similar circumstances has been killed in Cornwall. We have also had an opportunity of inspecting one killed near Corwen, and now in the collection of Sir Rowland Hill, Bart. CATALOGUE OF BRITISH BIRDS. BY T. C. EYTON, ESQ. LONDON : LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN; AND HOULSTON AND SON, PATERNOSTER-ROW. MDCCCXXXVI. PREFACE. IN the following Catalogue, the Author has endeavoured to replace the names of the older Writers on Ornithology ; thinking, that although the generic name may have been altered, in any case, with sufficient reason, by modern Authors, it is no reason why the specific should, unless, from a change of gender in the generic or subgeneric appellations, or for some other good cause, it becomes necessary. He thinks, however, it would be much better to suit the new generic names to the old specific ones, than to alter the latter to suit the former. He thinks also, that changing the generic application, does not give an Author the right of placing his name, or the words Mihi and Nobis after the specific name given by an older one. The arrangement of the Catalogue is nearly that of the Baron Cuvier, published in the last edition of the " Regne Animal." Alterations, however, occur in the arrangement of the Families, in the order Passeres, among the Gulls, and in the order Lamelli- rostres. iv PREFACE. The first division of the Catalogue contains only such Birds as the Author considers entitled to be admitted into a List of British Birds. The second, the Extinct Species. The third, the principal among the introduced ones. The fourth, those which appear to have been added to our Lists without good cause, and require further investigation. In the following Catalogue, when we refer to the History of the Rarer British Birds, our own name is placed after the reference. When we suggest merely a new generic or specific appellation, either the words Mihi or Nobis are used. EYTON, January 20, 1836. LIST OF Authors quoted, with the Abbreviations. Bechs. Bechstein. When this author's works are quoted, it is on the authority of some other author. The titles are, Gemeinnut- zige Naturgeschichte Deutschlands, Tweyte Auflage. Und Ornithologisches Tasschenbuch, von und fur Deutschland. Bewick, A History of British Birds. Newcastle, 1826. Briss. Brisson. Ornithologie, 1760. Regnum Animale, 1756. Brunn. Brunnich. Ornithologia Borealis. Buff. Buffon. Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux, 1770. Planches Enlumin£es. Cat?. Cuvier. Le Regne Animal, 1829. Edw. Edwards, George. Natural History of Birds, 1763. Faun. Bo. Amer. Fauna Boreali Americana. By Messrs. Richardson and Swainson, 1831. Gmel. Gmelin. Systema Naturae, 1783. Jenyns, A Manual of British Vertebrate Animals, 1835. Lath. Latham. Index Ornithologicus, 1790. A General Synopsis of Birds, 1785. Linn. Linna?us. Systema Naturae, 1766. Fauna Suecica, 1761. Mont. Montagu. Ornithological Dictionary, 1812, and Supplement, 1813. Penn. Pennant. British Zoology, 1776. Arctic Zoology, 1787. Ray, Synopsis Methodica Avium, 1713. vi LIST OF AUTHORS QUOTED. Selb. Selby. Illustrations of British Ornithology, 1825— 1833. Shaw, General Zoology, and the Continuation, by Stephens, 1800 — 1826. Steph. Stephens. The Continuation of Shaw's General Zoology, by J. F. Stephens. Temm. Temminck. Manuel d'Ornithologie, 1820. ma. Willoughby. The Ornithology of Francis Willoughby, 1678. Wils. Wilson. American Ornithology, 1808 — 1814. ERRATUM. In Page 7 of the Catalogue, for Division I, read Family 1. A CATALOGUE OF BRITISH BIRDS, WITH SYNONYMS. BY T. C. EYTON, ESQ. ORDER 1. ACCIPITRES. Linnceus. Division 1. Diurnae. Cuvier. GENUS 1. VULTUR. Linn&us. SUB GENUS 1. NEOPHRON. Savigny. Sp. 1. N. PERCNOPTERUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Vultur Percnopterus, Linn. Vult. Leucocephalus et Fuscns, Gmel. Vult. Gingianus, Shaw. Egyptian Vulture, Eyton. GENUS 2. FALCO. Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. FALCO. Bechstein. Sp. 1. F. PEREGRINUS. Ray. Syn. Falco Peregrinns, Lath. Gmel. Briss. Falco Barbarus, Lath. Gmel. Le Lanier, Buff. F. Communis, Gmel. F. Herotinus, Briss. F. Stellaris, Gmel. Tartarian and Spotted Falcon, Luth. Peregrine Falcon, Penn. Lewin, Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Lanuer, Bewick. b 2 CATALOGUE OF Sp. 2. F. SUBBUTEO. Linnaeus. Syn. Falco Subbuteo, Lath. Gmel. Ray. Dendrofalco, Briss. Fau- con Hobereau, Temm. Hobby, Penn. Wils. Mont. Bewick, Shaw. Sp. 3. F. RUFIPES. Bechstein. Syn. Falco Vespertinus, Gmel. Ingrian Falcon, Lath. Orange- legged Hobby, Lath. Variete singuliere dti Hobereau, Buff. Faucon a Heds Rouge ou Kobez, Temm. Red-legged Falcon, Eyton. Sp. 4. F. JEsALON. Linnaeus. Syjt. Falco Caecius, Meyer. F. ./Esalon, Gmel. Lath. Wils. Briss. Ray. F. Lithofalco, Lath. Gmel. Ray. Stone Falcon, Mont. Shaw, Lath. Uewick. Faucon Emerillon, Temm. Merlin, Penn. Lath. Mont. Shaw, Wils. Bewick. Sp. 5. F. TINNUNCULUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Falco Tinnuncuhis, Gmel. Wils. Lath. Ray. Accipiter Alauda- rius, Briss. F. Tinnuncuhis Alaudarius, Gmel. Faucon Cresserelle, Temm. La Cresserelle, Buff. Kestrel, Mont. Penn. Shaw, Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. HIEROFALCO. Cuvier. Sp. 1. F. GYRFALCO. Linnaeus. Syn. Falco Gyrfalco, Lath. Gmel. F. Islandicus Candidans, Lath. Meyer, Gmel. Gyrfalco Islandicus, Briss. Gerfaut de Nor- vege, Le Gerfaut et Le Sacre, Buff. Iceland Falcon, Penn. Brown and White Gerfalcon, Lath. Faucon Gerfaut, Temm. Gerfalcon, Bewick. GENUS 3. AQUILA. Brisson. SUB GENUS 1. AQUILA. Cuvier. Sp. I. A. CHRYSAETOS. Linnceus. Syn. Falco Chrysaetos, Linn, Lath. Ray, Gmel. Briss. F. Fulvus, BRITISH BIRDS. 3 Linn. F. Canadensis, Gmel. F. Niger, Gmel. Ringtail Eagle, Penn. Lath. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Golden Eagle, Penn. Mont. Lath. Shaw, Bewick, Wils. SUB GENUS 2. HALI^TUS. Savigny. Sp. 1. H. PYG ARGUS. Brisson. Syn. Falco Ossifragus et Albicaudus, Gmel. F. Ossifragus, Linn. Wils. Ray, Lath. Vultur Albicilla, Linn. Aquila Albicilla sen Pygavgus, Briss. Aigle Pygargue, Temm. Cinereous Eagle, Penn. Shaw, Mont. Lath. Sea Eagle, Penn. Lath. Wils. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. SUB GENUS 3. PANDION. Savigny. Sp. 1. P. HALI^TUS. Linnceus. Syn. Falco Haliaetus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Briss, F. Arundinaceus, Gmel. Morphnos seu Clanga, Ray. Aigle Balbusard, Temm. Osprey, Penn. Mont. Shaw, Bewick, Lath. White- tailed Eagle, fVils. Bewick. GENUS 4. ASTUR. Bechstein. Sp. I. A. PALUMBARIUS. Linnceus. Syn. Falco Palumbarius, Liwn. Lath. Gmel. Ray, Wils. F. Galli- narius et Gentilis, Gmel. Astur, Briss. L'Autoursors, Buff. L'Antour, Temm. Goshawk, Penn. Mont. Shaw, Lath. Gentil Falcon and Goshawk, Bewick. F. Gentilis, Linn. GENUS 5. ACCIPITER. Ray. Sp. I. A. FRINGILLARIUS. Ray. Syn. Accipiter Fringillarius, Ray, Wils, Falco Nisus, Linn. Lath. CATALOGUE OF Gmel. L'Epervier, Temm. Buff. Sparrow Hawk, Lath. Penn. Mont. Wils. Shaw, Bewick. GENUS 6. MILVUS. Bechstein. Sp. 1. M. REGALIS. JBrisson. Syn. Falco Milvus, Linn. Wils. Ray, Gmel. Lath. F. Austriacns, Lath. Gmel. Le Milan Royal, Temm. Buff. Austrian Kite, Lath. Kite, Lath. Mont. Penn. Shaw, Wils. Bewick. GENUS 7. PERNIS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. P. APIVORUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Falco Apivorus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Ray, Briss. Buse Bondree, Temm. La Bondree, Buff. Honey Buzzard, Wils. Lath. Penn. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. GENUS 8. BUTEO. Bechstein. Sp. 1. B. LAGOPUS. Linnceus. Syn. Falco Lagopus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Buse Pattue, Temm. Rough-legged Falcon and Dusky Falcon, Penn. F. Pennatus, Griff. Cuv. F. Lagopus, Regne Anim. Rough-legged Falcon, Shaw, Lath. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 2. B. VULGARIS. Sibbald. Syn. Buteo Vulgaris, Flem. Penn. Falco Buteo, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Wils. Ray. Falco Variegatus, Lath. Gmel. Falco Albidus, F. Communis Fuscus, et F. Cinereus, Gmel. La Buse, Temm. Buff. Common Buzzard, Lath. Penn. Wils. Sibbald, Shaw, Mont. Bewick. Greater Buzzard, Spotted Buzzard, and Speckled Buzzard, Lath. Buzzardet, Penn. Arc. Zool. BRITISH BIRDS. GENUS 9. CIRCUS. Bechstein. Sp. 1. C. CINERARIUS. Montagu. Syn. Falco Cinerarius, Mont. Busard, Temm. Ash-coloured Falcon, Mont. Bewick. B. Cineraceus, Flem. Griff. Cuv. Ash-coloured Falcon, Bewick. Sp. 2. C. PYGARGUS. Ray. Syn. Falco Cyaneus, Gmel. Linn. Mont. Lath. F. Griseus, F. Mon- tamis, F. Pygargus, F. Hudsonii, et F. Buffonii, Gmel. Lanarius Cinereus et F. Torquattis, Briss. F. Pygargus, Linn. Gmel. Lath. F. Rubiginosus, Lath. La Sombuse, Buff. Busard de St. Martin, Temm. L'Oiseau de St. Martin, Buff. Hen Harrier, Wils. Penn. Mont. Bewick. Ringtail, Lath. Mont. Penn. Wils. Shaw, Bewick. Ringtail Hawk, Edwards. Sp. 3. C. RUFUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Circus Rufus, Briss. F. Rufus, Gmel. Lath. C. Palustris, Briss. F. jEruginosus, Linn. Lath. Ray, Gmel. Le Busard de Marais, Buff. Moor Buzzard, Lath. Mont. Wils. Penn. Bewick. Division 2. Nocturnae. Cuvier. GENUS 1. STRIX. Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. OTUS. Cuvier. Sp. I. O. VULGARIS. Fleming. Syn. Strix Otus, Gmel. Lath. Wils. Ray. Italian-eared Owl, Lath. Hibou Moyen Due, Temm. Le Moyen Due ou Hibou, Buff. Long-horned Owl, Lath. Wils. Penn. Mont. Bewick. 6 CATALOGUE OF Sp. 2. O. BRACHYOTOS. Gmelin. Syn. Strix Brachyotos, Lath. S. Ulula, Lath. Gmel. Chouette on Grand Cheveche, Buff. Hibou Brachyote, Temm. Caspian Owl, Lath. Short-eared Owl, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. STRIX. Savigny. Sp. 1. S. FLAMMEA. Linnaeus. Syn. Strix Flammea, Gmel. Wils. Lath. AIuco Minor, Aldrov. L'Effraie ou le Fresaie, Buff. Chouette EfFraie, Temm. Barn Owl, Shaw. White OwJ, Lath. Mont. Wils. Bewick. SUB GENUS 3. SYRNIUM. Savigny. Sp. 1. S. STRIDULUM. Nobis. Syn. Strix AIuco, Linn. Lath. Gmel. S. Stridula, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Tawny Owl. Mont. Bewick, Lath. Brown Owl, Penn. La Hulotte and Le Chat Huant, Buff. Chouette Hulotte, Temm. SUB GENUS 4. BUBO. Cuvier. Sp. 1. B. MAXIMUS. Fleming. Syn. Strix Bubo, Linn. Ray, Lath. Gmel. Wils. Briss. S. Bubo Atheniensis, Gmel. Hibou Grand Due, Temm. Le Grand Due, Buff. Athenian Horned Owl, Edw. Great-eared Owl, Penn. Mont. Lath. Shaw, Bewick. SUB GENUS 5. SURNIA. Selby. Sp. 1. S. NYCTEA. Linnaeus. Syn. Strix Nyctea, Gmel. Wils. Lath. Le Chouette Hungary, Buff. Temm. Snowy Owl, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 7 SUB GENUS 6. NOCTUA. Savigny. Sp. 1. N. PASSERINA. Linnaeus. Syn. Strix Passerina, Linn. Lath. Gmel. S. Nndipes, Nilss. Chou- ette Cheveche, Temm. La Cheveche ou Petit Chouette, Buff. Little Owl, Penn. Lath. Wils. Mont. Bewick. SUB GENUS 7. SCOPS. Savigny. Sp. 1. S. ALDROVANDI. Fleming. Syn. Strix Scops, Linn. Gmel. Briss. Lath. Ray. Hibou Scops, Temm. Le Petit Due, Buff. Scops Eared Owl, Mont. Lath. Bewick. ORDER II. PASSERES. Linnceus. Family 1. Dentirostres. Cuvier. GENUS 1. LANIUS. Linnceus. Sp. 1. L. EXCUBITOR. Linnaeus. Syn. Lanius Excubitor, Luth. Gmel. Lanius sen collurio Cinereus Major, Briss. Ray. Wils. Pie Greiche Grise, Temm. Buff. Great Cinereous Shrike, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. L. COLLURIO. Linnceus. Syn. Lanius Collnrio, Linn. Gmel. Briss. Lath. La Pie Greiche Ecorcheur, and Pie Greiche rousse femelle, Buff. Pie Greiche Ecorcheur, Temm. Red- backed Shrike, Penn. Mont. Lath. Shaw. Bewick. Woodchat, Bewick, (not the Woodchat of the Appendix,) is the female. CATALOGUE OF GENUS 2. MUSCICAPA. Linnceus. Sp. 1. M. GRISOLA. Ray. Syn. Muscicapa Grisola, Gmel. Lath. Ray, Briss. Gobe Mouche Gris, Temm. Le Gobe Mouche Proprement dit, Buff. Spot- ted Fly-catcher, Lath. Penn, Mont. Bewick. Sp. 2. M. ATRICAPILLA. Gmelin. Syn. Muscicapa Atricapilla, Gmel. Lath. M. Luctnosa, Temm. Motacilla Ficedula, Gmel. Sylvia Fieedula, Lath. Le bee figue, Buff. Gobe mouche bee figue, Temm. Emberiza Luctuosa Scop, Le traquet d'Angleterre, Buff. Pied Fly- catcher, and Epicurean Fly-catcher, Lath. Penn. Pied Fly- catcher, Mont. Bewick. GENUS 3. BOMBYCILLA. Brisson. Sp. 1. B. BOHEMICA. Brisson. Syn. Ampelis Garrulus, Gmel. Bombycyvora Garrula, Temm. Gar- rulus Bohemicus, Ray. Grand Jaseur, Temm. Le Jaseur, Buff. Bohemian Chatterer, Lath. Penn. Mont. Bewick. GENUS 4. TURDUS. Linnceus. Sp. 1. T. MERULA. Linnaeus. Syn. Turdus Merula, Gmel. Lath. Wils. Ray. Merle noir, Temm. Le Merle, Buff. Merula leucocephala varia et Candida, Briss. Blackbird, Penn, Mont. Lath. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 2. T. TORQUATUS. Linnaus. Syn. Turdus Torquatus, Gmel. Lath. Merula Torquata, Storr. Me- rnla Torquata, Briss. Merle a Plastron, Temm. Le Merle a Plastron Blanc, Buff. Ring Ousel, Penn. Lath. Wils. Shaw, Mont. Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 9 Sp. 3. T. VISCIVORUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Turdus Viscivorus, Gmet. Lath. Will. Ray. T. Major, Briss. Merle Draine, Temm. La Draine, Buff. Missel Thrush, Perm. Lath. Mont. Will. Bewick. Sp. 4. T. PILARIS. Linnceus. Syn. Turdus Pilaris, Gmel. Lath. Will. Rat/, Briss. Merle Litorne, Temm. La Litorne on Tonrdell, Buff. Fieldfare, Lath. Shaw, Mont. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 5. T. Musicus. Linnaus. Syn. Turdus Musicus, Ray, Gmel. Lath. Will/. Merle Grive, Temm. La Grive, Buff. Song Thrush, or Throstle, Lath. Mont. Penn. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 6. T. ILIACUS. Linnceus. Syn. Turdus Iliacus, Gmel. Ray, Will. Briss. Lath. Le Mauvis, Buff". Merle Mauvis, Temm. Redwing, Penn. Lath. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. GENUS 5. CINCLUS. Bechstein. Sp. 1. C. AQUATICUS. Bechstein. Syn. Sturnus Cinclus, Linn. Gmel. Merula Aqnatica, Brits. Will. Ray. Turdus Cinclus, Lath. Cincle Plongeur, Temm. Le Merle d'Eau, Buff. Water Ousel, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. GENUS 6. SYLVIA. Latham. SUB GENUS 1. SAXICOLA. Bechstein. Sp. 1. S. RUBICOLA. Linnceus. Syn. Sylvia Rubicola, Lath. Motacilla Rubicola, Linn. Gmel. (Enanthe nostra tertia, Ray, Witt. Motacilla Tschecautschia, C 10 CATALOGUE OF Gmel. Traquet patre, Temm. Stonechat, Lath. Shaw, Mont. Penn. Wils. Bewick. Sp. 2. S. RUBETRA. Linnceus. Syn. Sylvia Rubetra, Lath. CEnanthe secunda, Ray. Motacilla Rubetra, Gmel. Linn. Rubetra Major, Briss. Traquet Tarier, Temm. Grand Traquet ou Tarier, Buff. Whinchat, Penn. Lath. Will. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 3. S. (ENANTHE. Linnceus. Syn. Motacilla (Enanthe, Linn. Gmel. Will. Ray. Saxicola (Enanthe, Bechs. Traquet Moteux, Temm. Le Moteux ou Vetrec, Buff. Wheat Ear, Lath. Temm. Mont. Will. Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. FICEDULA. Bechstein. Sp. 1. F. RUBECULA. Linncem. Syn. Sylvia Rubecula, Lath. Motacilla Rubecula, Linn. Gmel. Will. -Ray, Briss. Becfin Rouge Gorge, Temm. Rouge Gorge, Buff. Redbreast, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. F. SUECCICA. Linnaus. Syn. Motacilla Sueccica, Linn. Sylvia Sueccica, Lath. Sylvia Cyanecula, Meyer. Becfin Gorge Bleue, Temm. L. Gorge Bleue, Buff. Blue-throated Warbler, Shaw, Lath. Eyton. Sp. 3. F. RUTACILLA. Ray. Syn. Sylvia Phasnicurus, Lath. Motacilla Phaenicurus, Linn. Gmel. Becfin de murailles, Temm. Le Rossignol de murailles, Buff. Redstart, Lath. Penn. Shaw, Mont. Bewick. Sp. 4. F. TITHYS. Scopoli. Syn. Motacilla Erithacus, Linn. Motacilla Atrata Gibraltariensis, Gmel. Sylvia Tithys, Scop. Motacilla Tithys, Retz. Becfin BRITISH BIRDS. 11 a rouge queue, Temm. 1 Black Redtail, Lath. Black Redstart, Edwards, Eyton. GENUS 7. CURRUCA. Bechstein. SUB GENUS 1. PHILOMELA. Swainson. Sp. 1. P. LUSCINIA. LinncBus. Syn. Motacilla Luscinia, Linn. Gmel. Briss. Sylvia Luscinia, Lath. Becfin Rossignol, Temm. Le Rossignol, Buff. Nightingale, Mont. Penn. Lath. Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. SALIC ARIA. Selby. Sp. I. S. ARUNDINACEA. Gmel. Syn. Sylvia Arundinacea, Lath. Motacilla Arundinacea, Gmel. Curruca Arundinacea, Briss. Becfin des roseaux ou Efarvette, Temm. Fauvette de roseaux, Buff. Reed Wren, Lath. Mont. Reed Warbler, Bewick. Sp. 2. S. PHRAGMITIS. Bechstein. Syn. Sylvia Salicaria, Lath. Avis consimilis staparolae, Ray, Will. Curruca Arundinacea, Briss. S. Phragmitis, Naum. Becfin Phragmitis, Temm. Willow Lark, and Sedge Warbler, Penn. Sedge Warbler, White, Lath. Don, Lewin, Mont. Reed Fauvette, Bewick. Sp. 3. S. LOCUSTELLA. Latham. Syn. Sylvia Locustella, Lath. S. Albini, Albin. Locustella Avicula, Ray. Becfin Locustella, Temm. L'Alouette Locustelle, and Fauvette tachete, Buff. Grasshopper Warbler, Mont. White, Penn. Bewick. 12 CATALOGUE OF SUB GENUS 3. CURRUCA. Briss. Sp. 1. C. ATRICAPILLA. Linnaeus. Syn. Sylvia Atricapilla, Lath. Motacilla Atricapilla, Linn. Curraca Atricapilla, Briss. Becfin a tete noir, Temm. La Fauvette a tete noir, Buff. Black Cap, Lath. Mont. Penn. Will. Bewick. Sp. 2. C. CINEREA. Latham. Syn. Sylvia Cinerea, Lath. Parns Cinereus, ttriss. Motacilla Sylvia, Linn. Gmel. Fauvette grise ou Grisette, Buff". Becfin Grisette, Temm. White Throat, Lath. White, Mont. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 3. C. GARRULA. Brisson. Syn. Curruca Garrula, Briss. Motacilla Curruca, Linn. M. Dumetorum, Gmel. Sylvia Sylvicilla, Lath. Sylvia Garrula, Bechs. Becfin Babillard, Temm. La Fauvette Babillard, Buff. Lesser White Throat, Lath. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 4. C. HORTENSIS. Bechstein. Syn. Sylvia Hortensis, Bechs. Lath. Becfin Fauvette, Temm. Le petit Fauvette, Buff. Greater Pettychaps, Mont. Garden Warbler, Bewick. SUB GENUS 4. MELIZOPHILUS. Leach. Sp. 1. M. PROVINCIALIS. Gmelin. Syn. Motacilla Provincialis, Gmel. Sylvia Dartfordiensis, Lath. Becfin pitte Chou, Temm. Le pitte Chou de Provence, Buff. Dartford Warbler, Mont. Lath. Penn, Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 13 GENUS 8. ACCENTOR. Bechstein. Sp. 1. A. ALPINUS. Bechstein. Syn. Motacilla Alpina, and Sturnus Moritanns, Gmel. Stnrnus Collaris, Gmel. Lath. Accenteur Pigot on des Alpes, Temm. La Fauvette, des Alpes, Buff. Alpine Warbler, and Collared Stare, Lath. Alpine Accentor, Eyton. Sp. 2. A. MODULARIS. Linnaus. Syn. Motacilla modularis, Linn. Gmel. Curraca sepiaria, Brits. Sylvia modnlaris, Lath. Fauvette de Bois ou Rousette, Le Mouchet, Traine Buisson ou Fauvette d'Hiver, Buff. Accenteur Mouchet, Temm. Hedge Sparrow, Mont. Penn. Hedge Warbler, Bewick. GENUS 9. REGULUS. Cuvier. Sp. I. R. AURICAPILLUS. Selby. Syn. Motacilla Regnlus, Linn. Gmel. Sylvia Regulus, Lath. Regulus Cristatus. Ray, Will. Briss. Roitelet ordinaire, Temm. L. Roitelet, Buff. Gold-crested Wren, Lath. Mont. Temm. Edwards, Bewick. Sp. 2. R. IGNICAPILLUS. Jenyns. Syn. Sylvia Ignicapilla, Brehm. Temm. Le Roitelet, Buff. Roitelet Triple Bandeau, Temm. Roitelet Htippe, Vieill. Fire- crested Wren, Jenyns, Gould, Eyton. GENUS 10. SYLVICOLA. Nobis. Sp. I. S. TROCHILUS. Linnceus. Syn. Sylvia Trochilus, Lath. Motacilla Trochilus, Linn. Gmel. 14 CATALOGUE OF M. Acredula, Linn. S. Fitis, Bechs. Bectin Pouillot, Temm. Le Pouillot on le Chantre, and Le Figuier brun et Jaune, Buff. Yellow Wren, and Scotch Wren, Penn. Lath. Yellow Wren, Mont. Willow Wren, Bewick. Sp. 2. S. SIBILATRIX. Bechstein. Syn. Sylvia Sylvicola, Lath. Linn. Regulus noncristatus Major, Will. Becfin Riffleur, Temm. Larger Willow Wren, White. Wood Wren, Linn. Lath. Mont. Yellow Wren, Bewick. Sp. 3. S. RUFA. Latham. Sijn. Motacilla Rufa, Gmel. Sylvia Rufa, Lath. Cnrruca Rufa, Briss. Le petite Fauvette Rousse, Buff. Becfin Veloce, Temm. Lesser Pettychaps, Mont. Penn. Chiff-chaff, and Least Willow Wren, Bewick. GENUS 11. TROGLODYTES. Cuvier. Sp. 1. T. EUROP^US, Stephens. Syn. Sylvia Troglodytes, Lath. Motacilla Troglodytes, Linn. Gmel. Will. Troglodyte Ordinaire, Temm. Le Troglodyte, Buff. Wren, Lath. Penn. mil. Bewick. GENUS 12. MOTACILLA. Bechstein. SUB GENUS 1. MOTACILLA. Cuvier. Sp. 1. M. ALBA. Linnaeus. Syn. Motacilla alba et Cinerea, Linn. Gmel. Bergeronette grisi, Temm. La Lavandiere, Buff. White Wagtail, Mont. Lath. Penn. Will. Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 15 SUB GENUS 2. Bu BYTES. Cuvier. Sp. 1. B. FLAVA. Linnceus. Syn. Motacilla Flava, Linn. Gmel. Lath. M. Verna, Briss. Bergeronette Printaniere, Temm. Bergeronette de Prin- temps, Buff. Yellow Wagtail, Mont. Edwards, Penn. Lath. Will. Bewick. Sp. 2. B. BOARULA. Linnceus. Syn. Motacilla Boarula, Linn. Gmel. Lath. M. Melanope, Pallas. M. Sulphurea, Bechs. M. Melanopa, Gmel. La Bergero- nette Jaune, Temm. Buff. Grey Wagtail, Lath. Mont. Edwards, Penn. Bewick. GENUS 13. ANTHUS. Bechstein. Sp. 1. A. TRIVIALIS. Linnceus. Syn. Alauda Trivialis, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Anthus Arborens, Bechs. Alauda Minor, Gmel. Lath. Pipet de Buissons, Temm. L'Alouette pipi, Buff. Field Lark, Lath. Penn. Mont. Tree Lark, The Pipit Lark, and Grasshopper Warbler, Bewick. Sp. 2. A. PRATENSIS. Linnceus. Syn. Alauda Pratensis, Gmel. Linn. Lath. Anthus Pratensis, Bechs. Alauda Campestris, Lath. Pepit Farlouse, Temm. L. Cajelier, and L'Alouette de Pres, Buff. Pipit Lark, Mont. Meadow Lark, Lath. Shaw. Tit Lark, Lath. Penn. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 3. A. AQUATICUS. Bechstein. Syn. Anthus Petrosus, Flem. Alauda Campestris Spinoletta, Gmel. Lath. Alauda Obscura, Gmel. Lath. Alauda Rnfa, 16 CATALOGUE OF Wils. Pepit Spioncelle, Temm. Rock Lark, Mont. Field Lark, or Rock Lark, Bewick. Sp. 4. A. RICHARDI. Vieillot. Syn. Anthus Richardi, Vieillot, and Bewick, (Addenda to Vol. 1.) Pepit Richard, Temm. Family 2. Conirostres.* Cuvier. GENUS 1. ALAUDA. Linnaus. Sp. 1. A. ARVENSIS. Linn&us. Syn. Anthus Arvensis, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Alauda Vulgaris, Briss. Ray. Alouette des Champs, Temm. L'Alouette ordinaire, Buff. Common Field or Sky Lark, Will. Sky Lark, Lath. Penn. The Lark, Bewick. Sp. 2. A. ARBOREA. Linnceus. Sijn. Anthus Arborea, Linn. Gmel. Briss. Lath. Alauda Cristatella, Lath. Aluada nemerosa, Gmel. Mouette Lulu, Temm. Le Lulu, L'Alouette des bois ou le Cujelier, Buff. Wood Lark, Lath. Penn. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 3. A. ALPESTRIS. Linnceus. Syn. Anthus Alpestris, Linn. Gmel. A. Flava, A. Sibirica, Gmel. Shore Lark, Penn. Eyton. * We have here placed the Family Conirostres next to Dentirostres, instead of that of Fissirostres, placed next to it hy Cnvier; by which arrangement, the Larks will follow the Titlings. BRITISH BIRDS. 17 GENUS 2. PARUS. Linnaus. SUB GENUS 1. PARUS. Leach. Sp. 1. P. MAJOR. Linnceus. Syn. Parus Major, Gmel. Lath. Briss, Will. Ray. Mesange Charbo- niere, Temm. La Grosse Mesange ou Charboniere, Buff. Great Titmouse, Penn. Mont. Lath. Shaw, Will. Bewick. Sp. 2. P. ATER. Linnceus. Syn. Parus Ater, Gmel. Ray, Will. Lath. Shaw. P. Atricapilla, Briss. La Petite Charboniere, Buff. Mesange Petite Char- boniere, Temm. Cole Mouse, Mont. Penn. Don. Lath. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 3. P. PALUSTRIS. Linnceus. Syn. Parus Palustris, Gmel. Ray, Will. Briss. Lath. Mesange Non- nette, Temm. La Nonnette Cendree, Buff. Canada Tit- mouse, Penn. Marsh Titmouse, Penn. Will. Mont. Lath. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 4. P. CCERULEUS. Linnteus. Syn. Parus Cceruleus, Gmel. Ray, Will. Briss. Lath. Le Mesange Bleue, Temm. Buff. Blue Titmouse, Lath. Penn. Mont. Will. Bewick. Sp. 5. P. CRI STATUS. Linnceus. Syn. Parus Cristatus, Gmel. Will. Ray, Lath. Le Mesange Hupp6, Buff. Temm. Crested Titmouse, Lath. Mont. Penn. Shaw. Sp. 6. P. CAUDATUS. Linnceus. Syn. Parus Caudatus, Gmel. Ray, Will. Lath. P. Longicaudatus, Briss. Le Mesange a longue Queue, Buff. Temm. Long Tailed Titmouse, Lath. Penn. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. d Jg CATALOGUE OF SUB GENUS 2. CALAMOPHILUS. Leach. Sp. 1. C. BIARMICUS. Linnceus. Syn. Parus Biarmicus, Linn. Gmd. Lath. P. Barbatus, Briss. Le Mesange Barbue ou Moustache, Temm. Buff. Bearded Titmouse, Lath. Penn. Mont. Bewick. GENUS 3. EMBERIZA. Linnceus. Sp. I. E. CITRINELLA. LinruBus. Syn. Emberiza Citrinella, Gmel. Ray, Will. Lath. E. Flava, Briss. Bruant Jaime, Temm. Le Bruant, Buff. Yellow Bunting, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. E. CIRLUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Emberiza Cirlus, Gmel. Ray, Will. Lath. Bruant Zizi ou de Haie, Temm. Le Bruant de Haie ou Zizi, Buff. Cirl Bunting, Mont. Shaw, Lath. Bewick. Sp. 3. E. SCHOZNICULUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Emberiza Schreniculus, Lath. Gmel. E. Arundinacea, Gmel. Lath. Tasser Torquatus et Arundinaceus, Ray, Will. Briss. Le Coqueluche et Ortolan de Roseaux, Buff. Bruant de Roseaux, Temm. Reed Bunting, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 4. E. MILARIA. Linnaeus. Syn. Emberiza Milaria, Gmel. Lath. Cynchramus, Briss. E. Alba, Ray, Will. Bruant Proyer, Temm. Le Proyer, Buff. Bunting, Lath. Mont. Penn. Shaw, Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 19 GENUS 4. PLECTROPHANES. Meyer. Sp. 1. P. NIVALIS. Linnaeus. Syn. Emberiza Nivalis, Linn. Gmel. Lath. E. Glacialis and Montana, Lath. E. Montana, Gmel. Montifringilla Calcaribus, Alauda Major, Ray, Will. Tawny Bunting, and Snow Bunt- ing, Mont. Lath. Penn. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 2. P. LAPPONICA. Gmelin. Syn. Emberiza Lapponica, Gmel. Lath. F. Calcarata, Pallas. Le Grand Montain, Buff. Bruant Montain, Temm. Lapland Finch, Lath. Penn. Lapland Bunting, Eyton, Addenda. GENUS 5. FRINGILLA. Linnaus. SUB GENUS 1. PYRGITA. Cuvier. Sp. 1. P. DOMESTICA. Linnaeus. Syn. Fringilla Doraestica, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Passer Domesticus, Ray, Will. Grosbec Moineau, Temm. Le Moineau, Buff. House Sparrow, Lath. Mont. Shaw, Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. P. MONTANA. Linnteus. Syn. Fringilla Montana, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Passer Montanus, Brits. Ray. Grosbec Friquet, Temm. Le Friquet, and La Ham- boureux, Buff. Hamburg Grosbeak, Lath. Mountain Spar- row, Penn. Lath. Bewick. 20 CATALOGUE OF SUB GENUS 2. FRINGILLA. Cuvier. Sp. 1. F. COZLEBS. Linnceus. Syn. Fringilla Coelebs, Gmel. Lath. Will. Ray, Briss. Grosbec Pinson, Temm. Le Pinson, Buff. Chaffinch, Mont. Lath. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. F. MONTIFRINGILLA. Linnceus. Syn. Fringilla Montifringilla, Gmel. Wils. Ray, Briss. Penn. Gros- bec d' Ardennes, Temm. Le Pinson d' Ardennes, Buff. Lulean Finch, Lath. Penn. Mountain Finch or Brambling, Penn. Mont. Shaw, Lath. Will. Bewick. SUB GENUS 3. CARDUELIS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. C. AURATA. Nobis. Syn. Fringilla Carduelis, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Ray, Will. Grosbec Chardonneret, Temm. Le Chardonneret, Buff. Goldfinch, Lath. Mont. Penn. Shato, Bewick. SUB GENUS 4. LINARIA. Bechstein. Sp. 1. L. SPINUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Fringilla Spinus, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Ligurinus, Ray, Will. Grosbec Tarin, Temm. Le Tarin, Buff. Siskin, Lath. Mont. Shaw, Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. L. CANESCENS. Gould. Syn. Linaria Canescens, Gould, European Birds, Mealy Redpole, Gould, Eyton. BRITISH BIRDS. 21 Sp. 3. L. FLAVIROSTRIS. Linncem. Syn. Fringilla Flavirostris, and Linaria, Linn. GmeL Lath. Linaria Rubra Minor, Ray, Will. Briss. Grosbec Sizerin, Temm. Le Cabaret, Buff". Lesser Redpole, Shaw, Mont. Lath. Will. Bewick. Sp. 4. L. CANNABINA. Linnceus. Syn. Fringilla Cannabina, and Linota, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Linaria, and Linaria Rubra Major, Ray, Will. Grosbec Linotte, Temm. La Linotte Ordinaire, and Le Grand Linotte des Vignes, Buff. Greater Redpole, Lath. Penn. Will. Bewick. Sp. 5. L. MONTIUM. Gmelin. Syn. Fringilla Montium, Gmel. Lath. L. Montana, Ray, Will. Briss. Grosbec a Gorge Rouge ou de Montagne, La Linotte de Montagne, Vieillot, Twite, Mont. Mountain Linnet, Penn. Lath. Will. Bewick. GENUS 6. COCCOTHRAUSTES. Cuvier. SUB GENUS 1. COCCOTHRAUSTES. Brisson. Sp. 1. C. CHLORIS. Linnceus. Syn. Loxia Cbloris, Linn. Briss. Lath, Ray, Will. Grosbec Verdier, Temm. Le Verdier, Buff. Green Grosbeak, Penn. Lath. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 2. C. VULGARIS. Fleming. Syn. Loxia Coccothraustes, Linn. Briss. Will. Gmel. Le Grosbec, Buff. Temm. Grosbeak or Hawfinch, Mont. Penn. Will. Lath, Shaw, Bewick. 22 CATALOGUE OF SUB GENUS 2. CORYTHUS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. C. ENUCLEATOR. Linnceus. Syn. Loxia Enucleator, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Pyrrhula Enucleator, Temm. Coccothraustes Canadensis, Briss. Bouvreuil Durbec, Temm. Le Durbec du Canada, Buff. Penn. Gros- beak, Penn. Mont. Bewick. SUB GENUS 3. PYRRHULA. Brisson. Sp. 1. P. VULGARIS. Temminck. Syn. Loxia Pyrrhula, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Ray, Will. Le Bouvreuil, Buff. Bouvreuil Commun, Temm. Bullfinch, English Authors. GENUS 7. LOXIA. Linnaus. Sp. 1. L. CURVIROSTRA. Linnaeus. Syn. Loxia Curvirostra, Gmel. Lath. Cuv. Loxia, Briss. Ray, Will. Beccroise on des Pins, Temm. Le bee Croise, Buff. Crossbill, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. Sp. 2. L. LEUCOPTERA. Gmelin. Syn. Loxia Leucoptera, Gmel. Wils. Bonap. Fauna Boreah Americana, White-winged Crossbill, Wils. Eyton. Sp. 3. L. PYTIOPSITTACUS. Bechstein. Syn. Loxia Curvirostra Major, Lath. Gmel. Beccroise Perroquet ou des Sapins, Temm. Parrot Crossbill, Penn. Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 23 GENUS 8. STURNUS. Linnceus. Sp. 1. S. VULGARIS. Linnceus. Syn. Sturnus Vulgaris, Gmel. Lath. Briss. Will. Ray. L'Etourneau Vulgaris, Temm. L'Etourneau, Buff. Starling, Lath. Will. Mont. Penn. Bewick. GENUS 9. PASTOR.* Temminck. Sp. 1. P. ROSEUS. Linnceus. Syn. Turdus Roseus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. T. Seleucis, Gmel. Merula Rosea, Ray, Briss. Will. Le Roselin, Le Vaill. Martir Rose- lin, Temm. Merles Couleur de Rose, Buff. Rose-coloured Ousel, Penn. Lath. Mont. Will. Bewick. GENUS 10. ORIOLUS. Linnceus. Sp. 1. O. GALBULA. Linnceus. Syn. Oriolus Galbula, Gmel. Lath. Le Loriot, Buff. Temm. Golden Thrush, Edwards. Golden Oriole, Mont. Penn. Lath. Bewick. GENUS 11. FREGILUS. Linnceus. Sp. I. P. GRACULUS. Linnceus. Syn. Corvus Graculus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Corvus Docilis, Gmel. Coracias Seu, Pyrrhocorax, Ray. Corvus Eremita, Lath. * The Genera Pastor, Temm., and Oriolus, Linn., are placed by Cuvier under the Family Dentirostres. 24 CATALOGUE OF Gmel. Le Coracias on Coracias Le Huppe ou Sonneur, Buff. Red-Legged Crow, Lath. Penn. Mont. Chough, Bewick. GENUS 12. CORVUS. Linnaus. SUB GENUS 1. CORVUS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. C. MONEDULA, Linnaeus. Syn. Corvus Monedula, Linn. Briss. Lath. Gmel. Ray, Will. Choucas, Temm. L. Choucas, Buff. Jackdaw, English Authors. Sp. 2. C. FRUGILEGUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Corvus Frugilegus, Lath. Gmel. Cornix Frugilega, Briss. Comix nigra Frugilega, Ray, Will. Fresc, Temm. Le Freu ou Frayonne, Buff. Rook, English Authors. Sp. 3. C. CORAX. Linnaeus. Syn. Corvus Corax, Lath. Gmel. Corvus, Briss. Corbeau Noir, Temm. Le Corbeau, Buff. Raven, English Authors. Sp. 4. C. CORONE. Linnceus. Syn. Corvus Corone, Lath. Gmel. Cornix, Ray, Will. Corneiile Noir, Temm. La Corneiile Noir ou Corbine, Buff. Crow, and Carrion Crow of English Authors. Sp. 5. C. CORNIX. Linnceus. Syn. Corvus Cornix, Gmel. Lath. C. Cinerea, Ray, Will. Le Corneiile Mantelee, Buff. Corneiile Mantel£e, Temm. Hooded Crow, English Authors. PROSPECTUS. SINCE the time of the publication of the last edition of the HISTORY of BRITISH BIRDS, by the late Thomas Bewick, many birds have been discovered to be inhabitants, or visitants, of the British isles; and are consequently not figured in his work. To supply this deficiency is the only aim of the author; and, to the accomplishment of which, he trusts he shall be deemed competent, as he possesses nearly a perfect collection of British Birds, and has the assistance of some eminent naturalists in his undertaking. The work will appear in three numbers, and will be printed in two sizes, royal octavo and demy octavo, to correspond with that of Bewick. The first two numbers will consist entirely of woodcuts, vignettes, and accompanying description ; and the third number will contain a systematic catalogue of all British birds, rectifying the mistakes in Bewick, a list of synonyms, together with the title-page, preface, and table of contents; on the former of which will be given a woodcut of a hybrid bird between the cock pheasant and grey hen. The whole work, when complete, will form one octavo volume. PART III. Price 7s. A HISTORY OK THE RARER SPECIES BRITISH BIRDS. BY T. C. EYTON, ESQ. INTENDED AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS, BY THE LATE THOMAS BEWICK. illustrate!) tottf) MooUcuts. LONDON: LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN; AND HOULSTON AND SON, PATERNOSTER-ROW. To be completed in three monthly Parts. HOULSTONS, PRINTERS, WELLINGTON, SALOP. BRITISH BIRDS. 25 SUB GENUS 2. PICA. Cuvier. Sp. 1. P. CAUDATA. Willoughby. Syn. Pica varia Caudata, Will. English edition. Corvus Pica, Linn. Gmel. Ray, Briss. Wils. Pie, Temm. La Pie, Buff. Magpie Pianet, Will. Magpie, English Authors. SUB GENUS 3. GARRULUS. Brisson. Sp. 1. G. GLANDARIUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Corvus Glandarius, Linn. Gmel. Ray, Lath. Le Geai, Buff. Geai, Temm. Jay, English Authors. * SUB GENUS 4. NUCIFRAGA. Brisson. Sp. 1. N. CARYOCATACTES. Linnaeus. Syn. Nucifraga Caryocatactes, Briss. Corvus Caryocatactes, Gmel. Ray, Will. Linn. Lath. Le Casse Noix, Temm. Buff. Nut- cracking Crow, Shaw. Nutcracker, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. GENUS 13. CORACIAS. Linnceus. Sp. I. C. GARRULA. Linnceus. Syn. Coracias Garrula, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Galgtilus, Briss. Pica Marina, Ray, Will. Rollier Vulgaire, Temm. Le Rollier, Buff. Roller, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. e 26 CATALOGUE OF Family 3. Fissirostres. Cuvier. GENUS 1. HIRUNDO. Linncem. SUB GENUS 1. CYPSELUS. Illiger. Sp. 1. C. APUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Cypselus Murarius, Temm. Hirundo Apus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Le Martinette Noir ou Grand Martinet, Buff". Martinet de Muraille, Temm. Swift, English Authors. Sp. 2. C. ALPINUS. Temminck. Syn. Himndo Alpina, Scop. H. Melba, Gmel. Lath. Grand Mar- tinet a Ventre Blanc, Buff. Martinet a Ventre Blanc, Temm. Greatest Marten, Edwards. White Bellied Swift, Lath. Eyton. SUB GENUS 2. HIRUNDO. Cuvier. Sp. 1. H. URBICA. Linnceus. Syn. Hirundo Urbica, Gmel. Lath. Hirondelle a Cul-blanc ou de Fenetre, Buff. Hirondelle de FenStre, Temm. Marten, English Authors. Sp. 2. H. RUSTICA. Linnceus. Syn. Hirundo Rustica, Gmel. Lath. H. Domestica, Will. Ray. Hirondelle de Chemin£e ou Domestique, Buff. Swallow, English Authors. Sp. 3. H. RIPARIA. Linnceus. Syn. Hirundo Riparia, Gmel. Lath. Briss. L'Hirondelle de Rivage, Temm. Buff. Sand Martin, English Authors. BRITISH BIRDS. 27 GENUS 2. CAPRIMULGUS. Linnceus. Sp. 1. C. EUROP.EUS. Linnceus. Syn. Caprimulgus Europaeus, Lath. Will. Ray, Gmel. Briss. L'En- goulevent Ordinaire, Temm. L'Eugoulevent, Buff. European Goat-sucker, Lath. Shaw. Nightjar, Bewick. Family 4. Tenuirostres. Cuvier. Division 1. Anisodactyli. Temminck. GENUS 1. SITTA. Linnceus. Sp. 1. S. EUROP^A. Linnceus. Sijn. Sitta Europaea, Gmel. Will. Ray, Lath. La Sitelle ou Torche- pot, Buff. Setelle Torchepot, Temm. Nuthatch, English Authors. GENUS 2. CERTHIA. Linnceus. Sp. 1. C. FAMILIARIS. Linnceus. Syn. Certhia Familiaris, Lath. Gmel. Le Grimpereau, Temm. Buff. Common Creeper, Lath. Penn. Mont. The Creeper, Bewick. GENUS 3. UPUPA. Ray. Sp. 1. U. EPOPS. Ray. Syn. Upupa Epops, Ray, Briss. Will. Gmel. Lath. La Huppe, Buff. Temm. Hoopoe, English Authors. 28 CATALOGUE OF Division 2. Syndactyli. Cuvier. GENUS 1. MEROPS. Linnceus. Sp. 1. M. API ASTER. Linnceus. Syn. Merops Apiaster, Wils. Ray, Gmel. Lath. M. Chrysocephalus, Lath. Le Guipier Vulgaire, Temm. Le Guipier, Buff. Yellow-Throated Bee-eater, Lath. Bee-eater, Lath. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Division 3. Alcyones. Temminck. GENUS 1. ALCEDO. Ray. Sp. 1. A. ISPIDA. Ray. Syn. Alcedo Ispida, Linn. Ray, Will. Gmel. Lath. Briss. Le Baboucard, and Le Martin Pechenr, Buff. Martin Pecheur Alcyon, Temm. Kingfisher, English Authors. ORDER HI. SCANSORES. Stephens, LES GRIMPEURS. Cuvier. GENUS 1. Picus. Linnceus. Sp. 1. P. MARTIUS. Linnceus.* * In most modern Catalogues, the claims of this bird to a place in the British Fauna have been considered doubtful. A notice, however, was read before the Linnean Society, November 17, 1835, by Mr. White, of a specimen shot near Billingford, Norfolk. BRITISH BIRDS. 29 Syn. Picus Martins, Gmel. Lath. P. Niger, Briss. Pic Noir, Temm. Le Pic Noir, Buff. Great Black Woodpecker. Penn. Lath. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 2. P. VIRIDIS. Ray. Syn. Picus Viridis, Gmel. Ray, Will. Briss. Lath. Le Pic Vert, Buff. Pic Vert, Temm. t Green Woodpecker, English Authors. Sp. 3. P. MAJOR. Linnceus. Syn. Picns Major, Gmel. Lath. P. Varius Major, Ray, Will. Briss. Pic Epeiche, Temm. Le Pic Varie ou Epeiche, Buff. Greater Spotted Woodpecker, English Authors. Sp. 4. P. MINOR. Linnceus. Syn. Picus Minor, Gmel. Lath. P. Varius Tertins, Will. Ray. P. Varius Minor, Briss. Le Petit Epeiche, Buff. Pic Epei- chette, Temm. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, English Authors. GENUS 2. YUNX. Ray. Sp. 1. Y. TORQUILLA. Ray. Syn. Ynnx Torquilla, Lath. Gmel. Ray, Will. Torcol Ordinaire, Temm. Le Torcol, Buff. Wryneck, British Authors. GENUS 3. CUCULUS. Linnaus. SUB GENUS 1. CUCULUS. Nobis. Sp. 1. C. CANORUS. Linnceus. Syn. Cuculus Canorus, Gmel. Lath. Ray, Will. Briss. Coucou Gris, Temm. Le Coucou Gris, Buff. Cuculus Canorus Rufus, Gmel. Cuckoo, English Authors. 30 CATALOGUE OF SUB GENUS 2. COCCYZUS. Vieillot. Sp. 1. C. AMERICAN us. Linnoeus. Syn. Cuculus Americanos, Linn. Coccyzus Americanus, Bonap. Cuculus Carolinensis, Wils. Yellow Billed Cuckoo, Wils. For, Virginian Cuckoo, Eyton, read, Carolina Cuckoo. ORDER IV. GALLINJE. Linncem. GENUS 1. TETRAO.* Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. TETRAO. Stephens. Sp.l. T. TETRIX. Linnceus. Syn. Tetrao Tetrix, Gmel. Lath. Urogallus Minor, Briss. Will. Ray. Tetras Berkan, Temm. Petit Tetras ou cog de Bruyere a Queue Fourchue, Buff. Black Cock, Grey Hen, Black Grouse, and Black Game, of British Authors. SUB GENUS 2. LAGOPUS. Vieillot. Sp. 1. L. SCOTICUS. Latham. Syn. Tetrao Scoticus, Lath. Tetrao Lagopus var, Gmel. Tetras Rouge, and Tetras des Sanies, Temm. Red Grou.se, and Red Game, of British Authors. Sp. 2. L. VULGARIS. Fleming. Syn. Tetrao Lagopus, Gmel. Lath. Linn. Briss. Will. Ray. Le • T. Urogallus, Linn, and T. Medius, Meyer, were formerly inhabitants of the British Isles, but are now extinct. BRITISH BIRDS. 31 Lagopede, and L'Attagas Blanc, Buff. Tetras Ptarmigan, Temm. Ptarmigan, Lath. Penn. Mont. White Grouse, Bewick. L. RUPESTRIS. Gmelin. Tetrao Rupestris, Gmel. Lagopus Rupestris, Salrine. Rock Grouse, Lath. Temm. Rock Ptarmigan, Fauna Boreali Americana, Eyton. GENUS 2. PERDIX. Ray. SUB GENUS 1. PERDIX. Stephens. Sp. 1. P. CINEREA. Ray. Syn. Tetrao Perdix, Linn. Gmel. P. Cinerea, Briss. Perdrix Grise, Temm. La Petite Perdrix, La Perdris Grise, Perdrix d'Montagn, Buff. Damascus Partridge, Mountain Partridge, and Common Partridge, Lath. Common Partridge, Penn. Will. Ray, Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. COTURNIX. Brisson. Sp. 1. C. VULGARIS. Fleming. Syn. Tetrao Coturnix, Linn. Gmel. Ray, Will. P. Coturnix et Coturnix Major, Briss. Perdix Coturnix, Lath. La Caille, Temm. Buff. Common Quail, English Authors. GENUS 3. COLUMBA. Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. COLUMBA. Swainson. Sp. 1. C. PALUMBUS. Lit Syn. Columba Palumbus, Briss. Lath. P. Torquatus, Will. Ray. 32 CATALOGUE OF Colombe Ramier, Temm. Le? Pigeon Rainier, Buff. Ring Pigeon, Ringdove, and Wood Pigeon, English Authors. Sp. 1. C. J£NAS. Ray. Syn. Columba JEnas, Gmel. Briss. Ray, Will. Lath, and Shaw, with a bad figura. Columbe Colombin, Temm. Stock Pigeon, Penn. Lath. Selby. Wood Pigeon, Eyton. Sp. 3. C. LIVIA. Linnaeus. Syn. Columba Livia, Lath. Briss. Shaw. Columbe Biset, Temm. Buff. Biset, Lath. Rock Dove, Mont. Domestic Pigeon, Shaw. Wild Pigeon, C. JEnas, Bewick* SUB GENUS 2. TURTUR. Ray. Sp. 1. T. VULGARIS. Nobis. Syn. Turtur Auritus, Ray. Columbe Turtur, Linn. Lath. Ray, Will. Briss. La Tourterelle, Buff. Temm. Turtle Dove, Common Turtle, and Wrekin Dove, English Authors. SUB GENUS 3. ECTOPISTES. Swainson. Sp. I. E. MIGRATORIA. LinncBus. Syn. Ectopistes Migratoria, Linn. Lath. Wils. Gmel. Temm. C. Canadensis, Linn. Gmel. Lath. JEnas Americana, and Tur- tur Canadensis, Briss. Pigeon du Passage, Buff. Passenger Pigeon, Wils. Migratory Pigeon, Penn. Eyton. For Domesticated Varieties see " Shaw's Zoology." BRITISH BIRDS. 33 ORDER 5. GRALL^. Linnceus. Family 1. Pressirostres. Cuvier. GENUS 1. OTIS.* Linnaus. Sp. 1. O. TARDA. Linnaeus. Syn. Otis Tarda, Lath. Gmel Ray, Will. Briss. Outarde Barbue, Temm. L'Outarde, Buff. Great Bustard, English Authors. Sp. 2. O. TETRAX. Linnceus. Syn. Otis Tetrax, Gmel. Lath. Shaw. O. Minor, Ray, Briss. Witt. Outarde Cannepetiere, Temm. La Petite Outarde ou Can- nepetiere, Buff. Cuv. Little Bustard, English Authors. GENUS 6J. CHARADRIUS. Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. (EDICNEMUS. Temminck. Sp. 1. (E. CREPITANS. Temminck. Syn. QEdicnemus Crepitans, Shaw. Charadrius OZdicnemus, Linn. Gmel. Otis OZdicnemus, Lath. Pluvialis Major, Ray, Witt. OZdicneme Oriard, Temm. Le Grand Pluvier ou Courlis de Terre, Buff. Thick-kneed Bustard, Lath. Mont. Penn. Great Plover, Bewick. * This part of Cuvier's arrangement appears to be any thing but natural. The Bustards ought certainly to be among the gallinaceous birds, instead of being separated from them by the Pigeons ; or, rather, the Pigeons ought not to have been placed between the gallinaceous birds and the Bustards. 34 CATALOGUE OF SUB GENUS 2. CHARADRIUS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. C. PLUVIALIS. Linnaeus. Syn. Cliaradrius Pluvialis, Gmel. Lath. Shaw, Briss. P. Viridis, Ray, Will. L. Pluvier Dore", Temm. Pluvier Dor£, Buff. Golden Plover, British Authors. Sp. 2. C. MORINELLUS. Linnceus. Syn. Charadrius Morinellus, Gmel. Briss. Ray, Will. Lath. Chara- drius Sibericus, Gmel. Lath. Charadrius Tartaricus et Adriaticus, Pallas. Pluvier Guignard, Temm, Le Pluvier Guignard, Buff. Dotterel, English Authors. Sp. 3. C. HIATICULA. Linnaeus. Syn. Charadrius Hiaticula, Gmel. Shaw, Lath. Temm. Wils. Le Pluvier a Collier, Buff. Grand Pluvier a Collier, Temm. Ringed Plover, English Authors. Sp. 4. C. CANTIANUS. Latham. Syn. Charadrius Cantianus, Shaw. Temm. Pluvier a Collier In- terrorapu, Temm. Kentish Plover, English Authors. GENUS 3. VANELLUS. Bechstein. SUB GENUS 1. SQUATAROLA. Cuvier. Sp. 1. S. CINEREA. Ray. Syn. Pluvialis Cinerea, Ray, Will. Squatarola Cinerea, Cutier, Shaw. Vanellus Griseus, Vanellus Helveticus, and Vanellus Varius, Briss. Tringa Varia, and T. Squatarola, Linn. Gmel. Vanneau Varie, Vanneau de Suisse, Vanneau Pluvier, Buff. Vanneau Pluvier, Temm. Grey Squaterole, Shaw. BRITISH BIRDS. 35 Swiss Sandpiper, and Grey Sandpiper, Penn. Lath. Grey Sandpiper, Mont. Grey Plover, Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. VANELLUS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. V. CRI STATUS. Meyer. Syn. Vanellus Gavia, Shaw. Tringa Vanellus, Linn. Gmel. Ray, Will. Lath. Vanneau Huppe\ Temm. Le Vanneau, Buff. Lapwing, and Peewit, English Authors. GENUS 4. H/EMATOPUS. Linnaus. Sp. I. H. OSTRALEGUS. Linnceus. Syn. HaBmatopus Ostralegus, Lath. Ray, Will. Gmel. Huiterier Pie, Temm. L'Huiterier, Buff. Sea Pie, Penn. Mont. Lath. Oyster Catcher, Bewick. GENUS 5. CURSORIUS. Latham. Sp. 1. O. ISABELLINUS. Meyer. Syn. Cursorius Isabellinus, Meyer. Cursorius Europaeus, Lath. Charadrius Gallicus, Gmel. Court-Vete Isabelle, Temm. Le Court-Vete, Buff. Cream-coloured Plover, Lath. Mont. Bewick. Family 2. Cultrirostres. Cuvier. GENUS 1. GRUS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. G. CINEREA. Bechstein. Syn. Grus Cinerea, Temm. Ardea Grus, Briss. Ray, Linn. Grue 36 CATALOGUE OF Cendre"e, Temm. La Grue, Buff. Common Crane, English Authors. GENUS 2. ARDEA. Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. ARDEA. Cuvier. Sp. 1. A. GIN ERE A. Linnceus. Syn. Ardea Cinerea, Briss. Lath. Ardea Crestata, Briss. Ardea Major, Linn. Gmel. Ray. Le Heron Hupp£, Buff. Heron Cendr6e, Temm. Common Heron, English Authors. Sp. 2. A. PURPUREA. Linnaeus. Syn. Ardea Purpurea, Linn. Gmel. Lath. A. Rufa, A. Caspica, A. Variegata, A. Rubiginosa, and A. Purpurata, Lath. Botaurus Major, Briss. Grand Butor, and Heron Pourpre", Buff. Heron Pourpr6, Temm. Greater Bittern, Crested Purple Heron, Rufous Heron, Rusty-crowned Heron, Purple Heron, African Heron, Lath. African Heron, Mont. Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. EGRETTA. Nobis. Sp. 1. E. GARZETTA. Linnceus. Syn. Ardea Garzetta, Lath. Gmel. A. Xanthodactylos, and A. JSivea, Gmel. Garzetta, Ray, Will. Heron Garzette, Temm. L' Aigrette, Buff. Lesser White Heron, Will. Little Egret, Mont. Penn. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 2. E. RALLOIDES. Scopoli. Syn. Ardea Ralloides, Scop. Temm. A. Castanea, A. Squaiotta, and A. Marsigli, Lath. Gmel. A. Erythropus, A. Pumila, and A. Senegalensis, Lath. Heron Crabier, Temm. Le Crabier de Mahon, Crabier Caiot, Le Crabier Marron, and Le Petit Butor du Senegal, Buff. Castaneous Heron, Dwarf Heron, BRITISH BIRDS. 37 Swabian Heron, and Senegal Heron, Lath. Squacco Heron, Lath. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 3. E. RUSSATA. Wagler. Syn. Ardea jEquinoctialis, and A. Coniata, Lath. A. /Equinoctialis, Shaw. Le Crabier de la Cote de Cororaandel, Buff. Little White Heron, Mont. Bewick. SUB GENUS 3. BOTAURUS. Stephens. Sp. 1. B. STELLARIS. Linnaeus. Syn. Ardea Stellaris, Linn. Lath. Ray. Heron, Grand Butor, Temm. Le Butor, Buff. Bittern, English Authors. Sp. 2. B. LENTIGINOSUS. Stephens. Syn. Ardea Mokoko, Wagler. Botaurus Mokoko, Vieill. Selby. American Bittern, Wils. Freckled Heron, Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 3. B. MINUTUS. Selby. Syn. Ardea Minuta, Linn. Lath. Gmel. A. Soloniensis, and A. Danubialis, Lath. Le Blongios de Suisse, Le Butor Raye, and Le Butor Roux, Buff. Heron Blongios, Temm. Bittern, Lath. Penn. Mont. Bewick. SUB GENUS 4. NYCTICORAX. Stephens. Sp. 1. N. EUROP^US. Stephens. Syn. Ardea Nycticorax, Linn. Lath. Ray, Briss. A. Gardini, and A. Jamaicensis, Lath. Gmel. Bihoreau au Manteau Noir, Temm. Le Bihoreau, Butor Tachetee ou Pouacre, Le Crabier Roux, Buff. A. Obscura, A. Badia, A. Cracra, Lath. Night Heron, Mont. Penn. Lath. Bewick. 38 CATALOGUE OF GENUS 3. CICONIA. Willoughby. Sp. 1. C. ALBA. Ray. Syn. Ciconia Alba, Briss. Ardea Ciconia, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Cicogne Blanche, Temm. Buff. White Stork, English. Authors. Sp. 2. C. NIGRA. Willoughby. Syn. Ciconia Nigra, Ray. Ardea Nigra, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Ciconia Fusca, Briss. Cicogne Noire, Buff. Temm. Black Stork, English Authors. GENUS 4. PLATALEA. Linnceus. Sp. 1. P. LEUCORODIA. Linnceus. Syn. Platalea Leucorodia, Lath. Gmel. Platea seu Pelecanus, Briss. Spatule Blanche, Temm. Le Spatule, Buff. Spoonbill or Pelican, Witt. White Spoonbill, Mont . Penn. The Spoonbill, Bewick. Family 3. Longirostres. Cuvier. GENUS 1. IBIS. Lacepede. SUB GENUS 1. IBIS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. I. FALCINELLUS. Linnceus. Syn. Ibis Tantalus Fatcinellus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Ibis Falcinellus, Temm. Ibis Ignea, Shaw. Tantalus Igneus, Tantalus Viridis, Gmel. Lath. Le Courli Vert, Buff. Ibis Falcinelle, Temm. Glossy Ibis, English Authors. BRITISH BIRDS. SUB GENUS 2. NUMENIUS. Latham. Sp. I. N. ARQUATA. Linnaeus. Syn. Scolopax Arquata, Linn. Gmel. Numenius Arquata, Lath. N. Major, Shaw. Grand Courlis Cendr6e, Temm. Le Courlis, Buff, Curlew, and Common Curlew, English Authors. Sp. 2. N. PHCEOPUS. Linnceus. Syn. Scolopax Phceopus, Linn. Gmel. N. Phoeopns, N. Husonicus, Lath. P. Arquatus, Shaw. N. Minor, Briss. Arquata Minor, Will. Ray. Courlis Corlieu, Temm. Corlieu ou le Petit Courlis, Buff. Whimbrel and Whimbrel Curlew, English Authors. GENUS 2. SCOLOPAX. Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. SCOLOPAX. Sp. 1. S. RUSTICOLA. Linnceus. Syn. Scolopax Rusticola, Lath. Gmel. Scolopax, Ray, Will. Briss. Becasse Ordinaire, Temm. La Becasse, Buff. Woodcock of English Authors. Sp. 2. S. MAJOR. Gmelin. Syn. Scolopax Major, Lath. Gallinago Major, Shaw. Grande ou Double Becassine, Temm. Great Snipe, English Authors. Sp. 3. S. GALLINAGO. Linnceus. Syn. Scolopax Gallinago, Gmel. Lath. Ray, Will. S. Gallinaria, Lath. Gmel. Gallinago Media, Shaio. Becassine Ordinaire, Temm. Becassine, Buff. Snipe, and Common Snipe, English Authors. 40 CATALOGUE OF Sp. 4. S. GALLINULA. Linnceus. Syn. Scolopax Gallinula, Gmel. Lath. Gallinago Minor, Briss. G. Minima, Will. Ray, Shaw. Becassine Sourde, Temm. La Petite Becassine, Buff. Jack Snipe, English Authors. Sp. 5. S. SABINI. Vigors. Syn. Scolopax Sabini, Vigors, Linn. Trans. Selby, Jard. The Sco- lopax Sabini, Bewick. Sabine's Snipe, Vigors. SUB GENUS 2. MACRORAMPHUS. Leach. Sp. 1. M. GRISEUS. Leach. Syn. Scolopax Grisea, and Scolopax Novoboracensis, Gmel. Lath. M. Griseus, Shaw. Becassine Ponctuee, Temm. Brown Snipe, Penn. Mont. Lath. Red-breasted Snipe, Lath. Penn. Eyton. GENUS 3. LIMOSA. Brisson. Sp. 1. L. MELANURA. Leisler. Syn. Limosa Melanura, Temm. Fedoa Melanura, Shaw. Scolopax Limosa, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Fedoa nostra secunda, Will. Ray. Barge a Quene noir, Temm. La Barge, ou Barge Commun, and Le Grande Barge Rousse, Buff. S. Belgica, and S. lEgo- cephala, Gmel. Lath. yEgocephalus Bellonii, Will. Ray. Jadreka Snipe, Lath. Mont. Hudsonian Godwit, and Godwit, Lath. Red Godwit, Penn. Mont. Lath. The Godwit, Bewick. (Winter Plumage.) Sp. 2. L. RUFA.* Brisson. * Bewick confuses the two British Godwits. In his description of L. Rnfa, he men- tions L. Melanura, in its summer plumage, as a variety of his Red Godwit. His cut of the Red Godwit, however, is evidently taken from a specimen of L. Rufa, the tail being of a uniform black. BRITISH BIRDS. 41 Syn. Limosa Grisea Major, Briss. Fedoa Rufa, Shaw. Scolopax Lapponica, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Fedoa Pectoralis, and Fedoa Meyeri, Shaw. L. Leucophaea, Lath. Barge, Meyer, Temm. La Barge rousse, Buff, and Temm. Common God wit, Penn. Mont. Lath. Red Godwit, Shaw, Bewick. (Summer plu- mage.) GENUS 4. MACHETES. Cuvier. Sp. 1. M. PUGNAX. Linnaeus. Syn. Tringa Pugnax, Linn. Temm. Gmel. Lath. T. Littorea, Linn. Lath. T. Equestris and T. Grenovecensis, Lath. Becasseau Combattant, Temm. Le Chevalier vari£, Le Chevalier com- mun, and Le Combattant ou Paon de mer, Buff. Yellow- legged Sandpiper, Mont. Buff", and Reeve, Penn. Mont. The Ruff, and Red-legged Sandpiper, Bewick. GENUS 5. TRINGA. Temminck. Sp. 1. T. CANUTUS. Linnceus. Syn. Tringa Canutus, Linn. Ray, Briss. Lath. Gmel. T. Islandica, and T. Calidris, Linn. T. Grisea, T. Cinerea, and T. Nce- via, Lath. Gmel. T. Australia, Lath. T. Cinerea, Temm. Le Canut, La Maubeche, Maubeche tachet6e, and Maubeche grise, Buff. Becasseau Canut, Temm. Red Sandpiper, Lath. Mont. Knot, Mont. Penn. The Red Sandpiper, (in the summer plumage.) Knot, and the Ash-coloured Sandpiper, (in the winter plumage,) Bewick. Sp. 2. T. RUFESCENS. Vieillot. Syn. Tringa Rufescens, Vieillot, Yarrell, Linn. Trans. Selby, Jenyns. Le Tringa Roussatre, Nov. die. Hist. Nat. Buff. Red- breasted Sandpiper, Yarrell, Eyton. Sp. 3. T. PECTORALIS. Bonaparte. Syn. Tringa Pectoralis, Say, Bonaparte. Pectoral Sandpiper, Nut- tall, Jenyns, Eyton. 9 42 CATALOGUE OF Sp. 4. T. SUBARQUATA. Gmelin. Syn. Numenius Subarquata, Becks. Scolopax Subarquata, Gmel. Tringa Subarquata, Temm. Pelidna Subarquata, Shaw. Scolopax Africana, Gmel. Numenius Africanus, Lath. Becasseau Cocorli, Temm. L'Alouette de mer, Buff. Pigmy Curlew, Mont. Pigmy Curlew, and Pigmy Sand- piper, Bewick. Sp. 5. T. ALPINA. Linnaeus. Syn. Tringa Alpina, and Tringa Cinclus, Linn. Lath. Gmel. T. Va- riabilis, Meyer, Temm. Selby. Cinclus Torquatus, Briss. Le Cincle, L'Alouette de mer, and Le Brunette, Buff. Becasseau Brunette ou variable, Temm. Purre, and Dun- lin, Penn, Lath. Mont. Purre, (in the winter plumage,) ' Dunlin, (in summer plumage,) Bewick. Sp. 6. T. MARITIMA. Gmelin. Syn. Tringa Maritima, Lath. T. Canadensts, and T. Striata, Lath. T. Nigricans, Mont. Le Chevalier raye, Buff. Becasseau violet, Temm. Purple Sandpiper, Mont. Flem. Selninger Sandpiper, Lath. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 7. T. TEMMINCKII. Leisler. Syn. Tringa Tenrninckii, Temm. Becasseau Temmia, Temm. Tem- minck's Dunlin, Shaw. Temminck's Sandpiper, Eyton. Sp. 8. T. MINUTA. Leisler. Syn. Tringa Minuta, Flem. T. Pelidna Minuta, Little Sandpiper, Mont. Little Stint, Bewick. GENUS 6. ARENARIA. Bechstein. Sp. 1. A. CALIDRIS. Linnceus. Syn. Charadrius Calidris, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Tringa Arenaria, Linn. Gmel. Ray. Arenaria vulgaris, Steph. Charadrius Rubidus, Gmel. Lath. Le Sanderling, Buff. Sanderling variable, BRITISH BIRDS. 43 Temm. Sanderling, and Ruddy Plover, Perm. Lath. Wits. Sanderling, Will. Mont. Bewick. GENUS 7. PHALAROPUS. Brisson. Sp. 1. P. LOBATUS. Latham. Syn. Phalaropus Rufescens, Briss, P. Griseus, Shaw. Tringa Fnlicaria, Linn. P. Glacialis, Lath. Tringa Glacialis, Gmel. Grey Phalarope, Mont. Penn. Grey Phalarope, and Red Phalarope, Bewick. GENUS 8. LOBIPES. Cuvier. Sp. 1. L. HYPERBOREA. Linnaeus. Syn. Phalaropus Hyperboreus, Lath. Tringa Hyperborea, Linn. T. Phalaropus, P. Cinereus, and P. Fuscus, Briss. Red Phalarope, Mont. Lath. Red-necked Phalarope, Bewick. GENUS 9. STREPSILAS. Illiger. Sp. 1. S. INTERPRES. Linnceus. Syn. Tringa Interpres, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Strepsilas Collaris, Temm. Arenaria Cinerea, Briss. Turnstone, English Authors. GENUS 10. TOTANUS. Cuvier. Sp. 1. T. GLOTTIS. Linnceus. Syn. Scolopax Glottis, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Totanus Glottis, Bechs. Limosa Glottis, Shaw. Scolopax Canescens, Gmel. Lath. Le Barge Grise, Le Barge Varied, and La Barge Aboyeuse, Buff. Le Chevalier Aboyeuse, Temm. Greenshank, and Cinereous God wit, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. 44 CATALOGUE OF Sp. 2. T. Fuscus. Leisler. Syn. Totanus Fuscus, Becks. Scolopax Fusca, Linn. Lath. Gmel. T. Fusca, Briss. T. Atra, Lath. Scolopax Totanus, S. Can- tabrigensis, and S. Curonica, Gmel. Lath. Chevalier Arle- quin, Temm. Le Barge Brune, Buff. Dusky Snipe, Cour- land Snipe, Black-headed Snipe, and Spotted Snipe, Lath. Spotted Snipe, Mont. Spotted Redshank, and Cambridge Godwit, Bewick. Sp. 3. T. CALIDRIS. Linnceus. Syn. Scolopax Calidris, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Totanus Calidris, Bechs. Scolopax Totanus, Briss. Ray. Tringa Striata, and T. Gam- betta, Lath. Tringa Gambetta, Linn. Gmel. Chevalier Gam- bette, Temm. Le Gambette, and Le Chevalier aux Pieds Rouges, Buff. Gambet Sandpiper, Lath. Redshank, Lath. Penn. Mont. Redshank and Gambette, Bewick. Sp. 4. T. OCHROPUS. Linnceus. Syn. Tringa Ochropus,Lznn. Lath. Gmel. T. Aldrovandi, Witt. Ray* Briss. Totanus Ochropus, Penn. Chevalier Cul Blanc, Temm. Becasseau on Cul Blanc, Buff. Green Sandpiper, English Authors. Sp. 5. T. GLAREOLA. Linnceus. Syn. Tringa Glareola, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Totanus Glareola, Temm. Tringa Grallatoris, Mont. Wood Sandpiper, Penn. Shaw, Mont. Lath. Bewick. Sp. 6. T. HYPOLEUCOS. Linnceus. Syn. Tringa Hypoleucos, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Totanus Hypoleucos, and Chevalier Guinette, Temm. Le Guinette, Buff. Com- mon Sandpiper, Mont. Lath. Will. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 7. T. MACULARIUS. Nobis. Syn. Tringa Macularia, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Totanus Macularia, Temm. Spotted Tringa, Edwards. Chevalier Perle, Temm. BRITISH BIRDS. 45 La Grise d'Eau, Buff. Spotted Sandpiper, Lath. Shaw, Mont. Bewick. GENUS 11. HIMANTOPUS. Brisson. Sp. 1. H. MELANOPTERUS. Meyer. Syn. Himantopus Rufipes, Bechs. Himantopus Atropterus, Meyer. Charadrius Himantopus, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Echasse a Man- teau Noir, and L'Echasse, Buff. Stilt, Mont. Long-legged Plover, Shaw, Penn. Lath. Bewick. GENUS 1'2. RECURVIROSTRA. Linnceus. Sp. 1. AVOCETTA. Linnceus. Syn. Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Will. Ray, Shaw. Avocette a Nuqne Noire, Temm. L'Avocette, Buff. Avocet, and Scooping Avocet, English Authors. Family 3. Macrodactyla. GENUS 1. RALLUS. Linn&us. SUB GENUS 1. RALLUS. Stephens. Sp. 1. R. AQUATICUS. Linnceus. Syn. Rallns Aquaiicus, Will. Ray, Gmel. Lath. Shaw. La Rale d'Eau d'Europe, Cuv. La Rale d'Eau, Temm. Buff. Water Rail, English Authors. SUB GENUS 2. CREX. Bechslein. Sp. 1. C. PRATENSIS. Bechstein. 46 CATALOGUE OF Syn. Rallus Crex, Linn. Gmel. Gallinula Crex, Temm. Lath. Land Rail, and Corn Crake, English Authors. Sp. 2. C. PORZANA. Linnceus. Syn. Rallus Porzana, Linn. Gmel. Gallinnla Porzana, Temm. Lath. Gallinula ochra Gesneri, Ray, Will. Poule d'Eau Maronette, Rale d'Eau ou la Maronette, Buff. Spotted Gallinule, Mont. Lath. Penn. Spotted Rail, Bewick. Sp. 3. C. FOLJAMBEI. Montagu. Syn. Gallinula Foljambei, Mont. Gallinula Baillonii, Temm. Oli- raceous Gallinule, Mont. Bewick. Sp. 4. C. PUSILLA. Bechstein. Syn. Gallinula Pusilla, Bechs. Gallinula Minuta, Mont. Rallus Pu- sillus, Lath. Poule d'Eau Poussin, Temm. Little Gallinule, Mont. Bewick. GENUS 2. GALLINULA. Ray. Sp. 1. G. CHLOROPUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Fulica Chloropus, Linn. Gmel. Gallinula Chloropus, Lath. Gallinula Chloropus Major, Ray, Will. Briss. Poule d'Eau ordinaire, Temm. Poule d'Eau, Buff. Common Water Hen, Will. Common Gallinule, Mont. Penn, Lath. Shaw, Bewick. GENUS 3. FULICA. Ray. Sp. 1. F. ATRA. Ray. Syn. Fulica Atra, and F. Aterrima, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Le Foulque ou Morelle, et Le Grand Foulque ou la Macroule, Buff. Foulque Macroule, Temm. Greater Coot, Coot, and Common Coot, Penn. Mont. Lath. The Coot, Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 47 GENUS 4. GLAREOLA. Brisson. Sp. I. G. PRATINCOLA. Linnaeus. Syn. Hirundo Pratincola, Linn. Gmel. Glareola Torqnata, Meyer, Selby. Glareole a Collier, Temm. La Grise, La Giarole, La Brune, and Le Perdrix de Mer, Buff. Austrian Pratincole, Mont. Lath. Pratincole, Bewick. ORDER VI. PALMIPIDES. Cuvier. Family 1. Brachytera. GENUS 1. PODICEPS. Latham. Sp. I. P. CRIST ATUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Podiceps Cristatus, Lath. Colymbus Cristatus, Linn. Gmel. P. Cornutns, Briss. Colymbus Major, Cristatus, et Cornutus, Will. Ray. Grebe Huppe, Temm. Le Grebe Cornu, Le Grebe, et Le Grebe Huppe, Buff. Crested Grebe, and Tip- pet Grebe, Lath. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. P. CORNUTUS. Latham. Syn. Colymbus Cornutus, Gmel. Colymbus sen Podiceps Minor, Ray. P. Obscurus, and P. Caspicus, Lath. C. Obscurus, and C. Caspicus, Gmel. Grebe Cornu ou Esclavon, Temm. Le Petit Grebe Cornu, Buff. Sclavonian Grebe, Mont. Horned Grebe, and Dusky Grebe, Penn. Lath. Mont. Dusky Grebe, Bewick. Sp. 3. P. RUBRICOLLIS. Gmelin. Syn. Colymbus Rubricollis, C. Subcristatus, and C. Parotis, Gmel. Podiceps Rubricollis, Lath. Grebe Jougris, Temm. Le Grebe Joues Crises, Buff. Red-necked Grebe, English Authors. 48 CATALOGUE OF Sp. 4. P. AURITUS. Linnceus. Syn. Colymbus Auritus, Linn. Gmel. Briss. Podiceps Auritus, Lath. Grebe Oreillard, Temm. Le Petit Grebe Huppe, Buff. Eared Grebe, English Authors. Sp. 5. P. MINOR. Latham. Syn. Podiceps Minor, and P. Hebridicus, Lath. Colvmbus Hebri- dicus, and C. Minor, Gmel. Black-chin Grebe, and Little Grebe, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. GENUS 2. COLYMBUS. Ray. Sp. 1. C. GLACIALIS. Linnceus. Syn. Colymbus Glacialis, and C. Immer, Linn. Gmel. Colymbus Maximus Gesneri, and Colymbus Maximus Caudatus, Ray, Will. Mergus Major, and M. Major Naevius, Briss. Plon- geon Imbrim, Temm. Le Grand Plongeon, and L'lrnbrim on Grand Plongeon, Buff. Northern Diver, Great Northern Diver, Imber Diver, and Lesser Imber, English Authors. Sp. 2. C. ARCTICUS. Ray. Syn. Colymbus Arcticus, Linn. Gmel. Will. Ray. Plongeon Lumme ou a Gorge Noir, Temm. Le Lumme ou Petit Plongeon, and La Mer dn Nord, Buff. Black-throated Diver, English Authors. Sp. 3. C. SEPTENTRIONALIS. Linnaeus. Syn. Colymbus Septentrionalis, C. Striatus, and C. Stellatus, Gmel. Lath. C. Borealis, Lath. Plongeon Cat Marin ou a Gorge Rouge, Temm. La Plongeon a Gorge Rouge, Le Plongeon Cat Marin, and Le Petit Plongeon, Buff. Striped Diver, Red-throated Diver, and Speckled Diver or Loon, Penn. Red-throated Diver, and Speckled Diver, Mont. Lath. Red- throated Diver, and first and second Speckled Divers, Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 49 GENUS 3. URIA. Brisson. Sp. 1. U. TROILE. Linnaeus. Syn. Colymbus Troile, Linn. Gmel. Uria Troile, Lath. Colymbus Minor, Gmel. Lomwia Hoieri, Ray, Will. Guillemot a Capu- chon, Temm. Le Guillemot, Buff. Foolish Guillemot, and Lesser Guillemot, English Authors. Sp. 2. U. GRYLLE. Linnceus. Syn. Colymbus Grylle, Linn. Gmel. Uria Grylle, and U. Lacteola, Lath. Colymbus Lacteolus, Gmel. Spotted Guillemot, and Black Guillemot, English Authors. GENUS 4. MERGULUS. Ray. Sp. 1. M. MELANOLEUCOS. Ray. Syn. Mergulus Alle, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Uria Alle, Temm. Guille- mot nain, Temm. Le Petit Guillemot Femelle, Buff. Little Auk, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. GENUS 5. FRATERCULA. Brisson. Sp. 1. F. ARCTIC A. Linnceus. Syn. Alca Arctica, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Fratercula Arctica, Shaw. A. Labradora, Lath. Gmel. Macareux Moine, Temm. Le Macareux, Buff. Arctic Puffin, Shaw. Common Coulter- nell, Ftem. Puffin, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. GENUS 6. ALCA. Linnceus. Sp. 1. A. TORDA. Linnceus. Syn. Alca Torda, Lath. Gmel. Briss. A. Pica, Linn. Gmel. A. h 50 CATALOGUE OF Minor, Briss. A. Hoieri, Will. Ray. Le Pengouin Ma- croptere, Temm. Le Petit Pengouin, Buff. Razorbill, and Black-billed Auk, Penn. Mont. Lath. Bewick. Sp. 2. A. IMPENNIS. Linnaeus. Syn. Alca Impennis, Gmel. Lath. A. Major, Briss. Penguin, Ray, Will. Great Auk, Lath. Penn. Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Family 2. Longipennata. GENUS 7. PROCELLARIA. Linnceus. SUB GENUS 1. PUFFINUS. Ray. Sp. 1. P. ANGLORUM. Ray. Syn. Puffinus Anglorum, Ray, Will. Jenyns. Proc Puffinus, Lath. Briss. Petrel Manks, Temm. Le Puffin Cendre, Cuv. Manks Shearwater, Shaw. Shearwater Petrel, Mont. Penn. Lath. Shearwater, Bewick. Sp. 2. P. CINEREUS. Stephens. Syn. Puffinus Cinerea, Lath. Gmel. Procellaria Puffinns, Linn. Gmel. Puffinus Puffinus, Jenyns. Petrel Puffin, Temm. Le Puffin, Buff. Cinerous Puffin, Lath. Cinerous Shear- water, Shaw, Selby, Eyton. Sp. 3. P. FULIGINOSUS. Khul. Syn. Puffinus Fuliginosus, Khul. Beitrdge, Strictland Proc. Zool. Soc. July 12, 1832. Dusky Shearwater, Eyton. SUB GENUS 2. FULMARUS. Stephens. Sp. 1. F. GLACIALIS. Linnceus. Syn. Procellaria Glacialis, Linn. Lath. Ray. P. Cinerea, Briss. BRITISH BIRDS. 51 Fulmarus Glacialis, Steph. Petrel Fulmar, Temm. Petrel de 1'isle de St. Kilda, Buff. Northern Fulmar, Shaw. Ful- mar Petrel, Temm. Lath. Mont. Fulmar, Bewick. SUB GENUS 3. THALASSIDROMA. Leach. Sp. 1. T. PELAGICA. Linnceus. Syn. Procellaria Pelagica, Linn. Gmel. Briss. Lath. Petrel Tern- pete, Temm. Oiseau de Tempete, Buff. The Stormy Petrel, Penn. Lath. Edw. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 2. T. BULLOCKII. Fleming. Syn. Thalassidroma Bullockii, Selby. Procellaria Bullockii, Flem. T. Leachii, Temm. Shaw. Petrel de Leach, Temm. An undescribed Petrel, with a forked tail, taken at St. Kilda, Bullock's Sale Catalogue. Fork-tailed Storm Petrel, Selby. The Fork-tailed Petrel, Bewick. GENUS 8. LESTRIS. Temminck. Sp. 1. L. CATARACTES. Linnceus. Syn. Larus Cataractes, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Lestris Cataractes, Temm. Cataractes, et Catharacta, Will. Ray. Stercoraire Cataracte, Penn. Le Groeland Brun, Buff. Skua Gull, Lath. Mont. Penn. Bewick. Sp. 2. L. STRIATUS. Brisson. Syn. Stercorarius Striatus, Briss. Lestris Pomarinus, Temm. Ca- taractes Pomarinus, Shaw. Stercoraire Pomarin, Temm. Pomarine Skua, Shaw, Eyton. Sp. 3. L. RICHARDSON ii. Swainson. Syn. Lestris Richardsonii, Swain. Faun. Bo. Amer. Arctic Gull, Bewick. (Black-toed Gull, probably the young.) 52 CATALOGUE OF Sp. 4. L. PARASITICUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Lestris Parasiticus, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Stercorarius Longican- dus, Briss. Le labbe a large Queue, Buff. Stercorarius Cepphus, Skaw. Stercoraire Parasite ou Labbe, Temm. Arctic Bird, Edw. Arctic Skua, Selby. Arctic Jager, Eyton.* GENUS 9. LARUS. Linnaus. SUB GENUS 1. RISSA. Leach, Sp. 1. R. CINEREA. Brisson. Syn. Larus Rissa, Linn. Gmel. Rissa Brunnichii, Shaw. Gavia Cinerea, Briss. Mouette Tridactyle, Temm. La Mouette Cendree Tachetee, Buff. Kittiwake, Lath. Penn. Mont. Bewick. Young Kittiwake, Bewick. SUB GENUS 2. LARUS. Stephens. Sp. 1. L. CANUS. Linnceus. Syn. Larus Canns, Linn. Gmel. Lath. L. Hybernus, Gmel. Gavia Hyberna, and Cinerea, Briss. L. Fuscus, Seu Hybernus, and L. Cinereus Minor, Will. Ray. La Mouette d'Hiver, Buff. Mouette a Pieds Bleus, Temm. Common Gull, and Winter Mew, Lath. Penn. Mont. The Common Gull, Bewick. Sp. 2. L. ARGENTATUS. Brunnich. Syn. Larus Argentatus, Gmel. Shaw. L. Marinus, Var. B. Lath. L. Argentatus, Temm. Goeland a Manteau Bleu, Temm. Her- ring Gull, and Silvery Gull, Penn. Herring Gull, Mont. Bewick. * The synonyms of this and the preceding species are so intermixed, and in many cases no admeasurement being given, it is impossible to separate them. BRITISH BIRDS. 53 Sp. 3. L. Fuscus. Linnceus. Syn. Larus Fuscus, Linn. Gmel. Shaw, Lath. Temm. La Mouette Grise, Buff. Goeland a Pieds Jaunes, Temm. Lesser Black- backed Gull, Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 4. L. MARINUS. Linnceus. Syn. Larus Marinus, Gmel. Lath. Shaw. L. Naevia, Gmel. L. Niger, Briss. L. Maximus ex Albo, et Negro Varius, Will. Ray. Goeland Noir Manteau, Temm. Le Goeland Noir Manteau, et Le Goeland Varied ou Grissard, Buff. Black-backed Gull, English Authors. Wage), the young Grissard, Bewick. Sp. 5. L. LEUCOPTERUS. Fabricius. Syn. Larus Leucopterus, Faun. Bo. Amer. Bon. Larus Islandicus, ' Edmonst. Selby, Flem. L. Argentatus Arct. Var. Sabine. L. Glaucoides, Temm. Iceland Gull, Flem. Eyton. Sp. 6. L. GLAUCUS. Srunnich. Syn. Larns'Glancns,LafA. Flem. Faun. Bo. Amer. Goeland Burger- meister, Temm. Le Burgermeister, Buff. Glaucous Gull, Penn. Shaw, Lath. Bewick. Young Glaucous Gull, Bewick. Sp. 7. L. EBURNEUS. Gmelin. Syn. Larus Eburneus, Lath. Gmel. Shaw. Mouette Blanche ou Senateur, Temm. Le Mouette Blanche, Buff. Ivory Gull, English Authors. SUB GENUS 3. CHROICOCEPHALUS. Nobis. Sp. 1. C. CAPISTRATUS. Temminck. Syn. Larus Capistratus, Temm. Jenyns. Mouette a Mosque Brun, Temm. Brown-headed Gull, Eyton. Sp. 2. C. RIDIBUNDUS. Linnceus. Syn. Larus Ridibundus, Lath. Shaw, Linn. Gmel. L. Cinerarius Linn. Gmel. Gavia Ridibunda Phaenicopos, Briss. L. Cine- 54 CATALOGUE OF reus, Ray. Will. La Mouette Rieuse ou a Capuchon Brun, Temm. Le Mouette Rieuse, and Le Petite Mouette Cendr£e, Buff. Black-headed Gull, and Red-legged Gull, Penn. Lath. Bewick. Sp. 3. C. MINUTUS. Pallas. Syn. Larus Minutus, Pall. Gmel. Shaw, Temm. L. Atricilloides, Gmel. Mouette Pygmiee", Temm. Little Gull, English Authors. SUB GENUS 4. XEMA. Leach. Sp. 1. X. SABINI. Leach. Syn. Xema Sabini, Saline. Fork-tailed Gull, Lath. Sabine's Xeme, Eyton. GENUS 10. STERNA. Linnaus. Sp. 1. S. ANGLICA. Montagu. Syn. Sterna Anglica, Mont. Sclby, Jenyns. Sterna Aranea, Wils. Hirondelle de Mer Hansel, Temm. Gull-billed Tern, Mont. Eyton, Addenda. Sp. 2. S. CANTIACA. Gmelin. Syn. Sterna Boysii, Lath. S. Africana, and Striata, Gmel. Hiron- delle de Mer Caugek, Temm. Sandwich Tern, Mont. Lath. Selby, Bewick. Sp. 3. S. CASPIA. Pallas. Syn. Sterna Caspia, Lath. Gmel. Shaw. Hirondelle de Mer Psche- grava, Temm. Caspian Tern, Lath. Penn. Eyton. Sp. 4. S. ARCTICA. Temminck. Syn. Sterna Arctica, Temm. Jenyns, Gould, Selby. Hirondelle de Mer Arctique, Temm. Arctic Tern, Lath. Selby, Gould, Eyton. BRITISH BIRDS. 55 Sp. 5. S. MARINA. Ray. Syn. Hirundo Marina, Ray, Will. Sterna Hirundo, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Hirondelle de Mer, Pierre Garin, Temm. Buff. Greater Tern, and Common Tern, English Authors. Sp. 6. S. DOUGALLII. Montagu. Syn. Sterna Dougallii, Mont. Selby, Jenyns. Hirondelle de Mer Dougall, Temm. Roseate Tern, Mont. Shaw, Bewick. Sp. 7. S. Mi NUT A. Linnceus. Syn. Sterna Minnta Gmel. Lath. Steph. S. Metopoleucos, Gmel. Lath. Le Petite Hirondelle de Mer, Buff". Little Tern, and Lesser Tern, English Authors. Sp. 8. S. NIGRA. Linnceus. Syn. Sterna Nigra, and Sterna Fissipes, Gmel. Lath. Larus Niger Gesneri, and Larus Minor Fissipes Nostras, Ray, Will. Viralva Nigra, Shaw. Hirondelle de Mer Noir ou L'Epou- vantail, Temm. Hirondelle de Mer Noir ou L'Epouvantail, Hirondelle de Mer a Tete Noir ou Le Gachet, and La Grisette, Buff. Black Tern, English Authors. GENUS 11. ANGUS. Leach. Sp. \. A. STOLIDA. Linnceus. Syn. A nous Stolida, Linn. Gmel. Lath. S. Philippina, Lath. Passer Stultus, Ray. La Mouette Brune, Buff. Black Noddy, Shaw, Eyton. Family 3. Totipalmata. GENUS 1. PHALACROCORAX. Brisson. Sp. 1. P. CARBO. Linnceus. 56 CATALOGUE OF Syn. Pelicanus Carbo, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Phalacrocorax Carbo, Shaw, Selby. Corvus Aquaticus, Ray. Cormorant, Lath. Mont. Bewick. Crested Cormorant, Bewick. Sp. 2. P. GRACULUS. Latham. Syn. Pelicanus Graculus, Lath. Phalacrocorax Cristatus, Shaw. P. Graculus, Shaw. Corvus Aquaticus Minor, Ray. Cor- moran Largup, Temm. The Shag, and Crested Shag, English Authors. GENUS 2. SULA. Brisson. Sp. I. S. BASSANA. Brisson. Syn. Pelicanus Bassanus, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Anser Bassanus, and Sula Hoieri, Ray, Will. Gannet, and Solan Goose, English Authors. Family 4. Lamellirostres. GENUS 1. MERGUS. Ray. Sp. 1. M. MERGANSER. Hay. Syn. Mergus Merganser, Linn. Gmel. Briss. Will Lath. M. Castor, Linn. Gmel. Lath. M. Cinereus, Briss. Le Harle, and Le Harle Femelle, Buff. Grand Harle, Temm. Dundiver Goosander, and Merganser, English Authors. Sp. 2. M. SERRATOR. Linnceus. Syn. Mergus Serrator, Lath. Gmel. M. Serrator Leucomelas, M. Niger, and M. Serratus, Gmel. M. Cirrhatus Fuscus, Ray, Will. Le Harle Huppe, Temm. Le Harle Huppe, and Le Harle a Manteau noir, Buff. Red-breasted Merganser, Eng- lish Authors. BRITISH BIRDS. 57 Sp. 3. M. ALBELLUS. Linnceus. Syn. Mergus Albellus, Briss. Lath. Gmel. M. Minutus, Lath. Linn. Smew, and White Nun, male, Lough Diver, and Red-headed Smew, female, English Authors. Sp. 4. M. CUCULLATUS. Linnceus. Syn, Mergus Cucnllatus, Lath. Wils. Gmel. Merganser Virginianus Cristatus, Briss. Le Harle Couronne, Buff. Hooded Mer- ganser, English Authors. GENUS 2. MERGOIDES. Nobis. Sp. 1. M. RUFINA. Pallas. Syn. Fuligula Rufina, Shaw, Selby. Anas Rufina, Pall. Lath. Gmel. Anas Capit6 Rufo Major, Ray. Canard Siffleur Huppe, Temm. Le Canard Siffleur Huppe, Buff. Red-crested Pochard, English Authors. GENUS 3. FULIGULA. Ray. Sp. 1. F. FERINA. Linnteus. Syn. Anas Ferina, Linn. Lath. Gmel. A. Fera Fusca, Ray. A. Rufa, Gmel. Lath. Canard Milouin, Temm. Milouin, Buff. Pochard, and Red-headed Pochard, English Authors. Sp. 2. F. NYROCA. Gmelin. Syn. Anas Nyroca, A. Africana, and A. Ferruginea, Gmel. Lath. Castaneous Duck, Mont. Ferruginous Duck, Penn. Casta- neous Duck, Bewick. Sp. 3. F. CRISTATA. Ray. Syn. Anas Cristata, Ray. A. Fuligula, Linn. A. Fuligula, and A. Scandiaca, Lath. Gmel. Canard Morillon, Temm. Le Mo- 58 CATALOGUE OF rillon, and Le Petit Morillon, Buff. Tufted Duck, English Authors. Sp. 4. F. GESNERI. Ray. Syn. Anas Marilla, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Le Milouinan, Buff. Canard Milouinan, Temm. Scaup Duck, English Authors. GENUS 4. POLYSTICTA. Nobis. Sp. 1. P. STELLERI. Pallas. Syn. Anas Dispar, Gmel. Lath. Western Duck, Penn. Eyton. GENUS 5. SOMATERIA. Leach. Sp. 1. S. ST. CUTHBERTI. Ray. Syn. Anas Mollissima, yLinn. Gmel. Lath. Canard Eider, Temm. Oie a Duvet ou Eider, Buff. St. Cuthbert's Duck, and Eider Duck, English Authors. Sp. 2. S. SPECTABILIS. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Spectabilis, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Canard a Tete Grise, Temm. Le Canard a Tete Grise, Buff. King Duck, and King Eider, English Authors. GENUS 6. OIDEMIA. Fleming. Sp. 1. O. NIGRA. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Nigra, Linn. Gmel. Lath. A. Nigra Minor, Ray, Will. Canard Macreuse, Temm. Le Macreuse, Buff. Scoter, and Black Scoter, English Authors. Sp. 2. O. FUSCA. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Fusca, Linn. Gmel. Anas Fusca Nigra, Ray, Will. BRITISH BIRDS. 59 Grand on Double Macreuse, Temm. Velvet Duck, English Authors. Sp. 3. O. PERSPICILLATA. Linncem. Syn. Anas Perspicillata, Linn. Gmel Lath. Canard Marchand, Temm. Macreuse a Large Been ou Marchand, Buff. Surf Duck, English Authors. GENUS 7. CLANGULA. Fleming. Sp. 1. C. CHRYSOPHTHALMOS. Stephens. • ; ! Syn. Anas CJangula, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Canard Garrot, Temm. Le Garrot, Buff. Golden Eye, and Morillon, English Authors. Sp. 2. C. HISTRIONICA. Linnaeus. Syn. Anas Histrionica, Linn. Gmel. Lath. A. Miuuta, Linn. Ca- nard a Collier ou Histrion, Temm. La Sarcelle Brune et Blanche, and Le Canard a Collier de Terre Neuve, Buff. Harlequin Duck, English Authors. GENUS 8. HARELDA. Leach. Sp. 1. H. GLACIALIS. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Glacialis, Linn, Gmel. Lath. A. Hyemalis, Linn. Gmel. A. Caudacuta Harelda, Ray, Will. Canard de Miclon, Temm. Buff. La Sarcelle de Feroe, and Canard a Longue Queue, Buff. Long-tailed Duck, English Authors. GENUS 9. ANAS. Auctorum. SUB GENUS 1. MARECA. Stephens. Sp. I. M. PENELOPE. Ray. 60 CATALOGUE OF Syn. Anas Penelope, Ray, Will. Linn. Gmel. Lath. Canard Sif- fleur, Temm. Le Canard Siffleur, Buff. Widgeon, English Authors. SUB GENUS 2. QUERQUEDULA. Ray. Sp. 1. Q. GLOCITANS. Pallas. Syn. Anas Glocitans, Pall. Gmel. Lath. Bimaculated Teal, and Duck, of English Authors. Sp. 2. Q. CRECCA. Stephens. Syn. Anas Crecca, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Q. Minor, Briss. Q. Secun- da, Ray, Will. Canard d'Hiver, Temm. Petite Sarcelle, Buff. Common Teal, English Authors. Sp. 3. Q. CIRCIA. Ray. Syn. Anas Circia, and Anas Querquedula, Ray, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Q. ^Estiva, Briss. Canard Sarcelle d'Ete, Temm. La Sar- celle Commun, and La Sarcelle d'Ete, Buff. Gargany Teal, English Authors. SUB GENUS 3. DAFILA. Leach. Sp. 1. D. ACUTA. Linnaeus. Syn. Anas Acuta, Linn. Lath. Gmel. A. Caudacuta, Ray, Will. Le Canard a Longue Queue, Buff. Canard a Longue Queue, Temm. Pintail, English Authors. SUB GENUS 4. CHAULIODUS. Swainson. Sp. I. C. STREPERA. Linnaeus. Syn. Anas Strepera, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Briss. Anas Platyrhynchos rostro Nigro, Ray, Will. Canard Chipeau ou Ridenne, Temm. Le Chipeau ou Ridenne, Buff. Gadwail, English Authors. BRITISH BIRDS. 61 SUB GENUS 5. RHYNCHASPIS. Leach. Sp. 1. R. CLYPEATA. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Clypeata, Linn. Lath. Briss. Gmel. Anas Platyrhynchos Altera, and Anas Platyrhynchos, Ray, Will. Canard Sou- chet, Temm. Souchet, Buff. Shoveller, English Authors. SUB GENUS 6. ANAS.* Linnceus. Sp. 1. A. BOSCH AS. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Boschas, Linn. Lath. Gmel. Le Canard Sauvage, Buff. Canard Sauvage, Temm. Wild Duck, Mallard, (the male,) the Tame Duck, Hook-billed Duck, Varieties, English Authors. GENUS 10. TADORNA. Leach. Sp. 1. T. RUTILA. Pallas. Syn. Anas Rutila, Pall. A. Casarka, Linn. Gmel. Lath. A. Cana, Lath. Canard Kasarka, Temm. Ruddy Goose, Lath. Fer- ruginous Duck, Bewick. Sp. 2. T. BELLONII. Stephens. Syn. Anas Tadorna, Ray, Will. Linn. Lath. Gmel. Briss. Canard Tadorne, Temm. La Tadorne, Buff. Shieldrake, English Authors. GENUS 11. ANSER. Ray. SUB GENUS 1. ANSER. Stephens. Sp. 1. A. SEGETUM. Gmelin. * In our sketch of the arrangement of the Dock tribe we used the snb generic name of Boschas, Swainson; on. consideration, we have preferred that of Anas, Linnaius, it being the older one. 62 CATALOGUE OF Syn. Anas Segetura, Gmel. Lath. A. Anser Ferns, Linn. Ray. Oie Vulgaire, ou Sauvage, Temm. L'Oie Sauvage, Buff. Bean Goose, English Authors. Sp. 2. A. PALUSTRIS. Fleming. Syn. Anas Anser Ferus, Gmel. Lath. L'Oie Cendree ou Premiere, Temm. Le Oie Ordinaire, Cuv. Wild Goose, Shaw. Grey Lag Goose, Penn. Lath. Mont. Bewick. Sp. 3. A. ERYTHROPUS. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Erythropus, Linn. A. Albifrons, Gmel. Lath. Oie Rieuse, Temm. L'Oie Riense, Buff. White-fronted Goose, and Laughing Goose, English Authors. SUB GENUS 2. BERNICLA. Stephens. Sp. 1. B. RUFICOLLIS. Pallas. Syn. Anser Ruficollis, Pall. Anas Ruficollis, GmeltLath. A. Tor- qnatus, Gmel. Oie a cou Roux, Temm. L'Oie a cou Roux, Buff. Red-breasted Goose, English Authors. Sp. 2. B. LEUCOPSIS. Bechstein. Syn. Anser Leucopsis, Bechs. Anas Erythropus Mas, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Bernicle, English Authors. Sp. 3. B. BRENT A. Stephens. Syn. Anas Bernicla, Linn. Gmel. Lath. Oie Cravant, Temm. Le Cravant, Buff. Brent Goose, English Authors. GENUS 12. CYGNUS. Ray. Sp. 1. C. FERUS. Ray. Syn. Anas Cygnus Ferus, Linn. A. Cygnus, Gmel. Lath. Cygne a Bee Jaune ou Sauvage, Temm. Le Cygne Sauvage, Buff. Hooper. Wild Swan, and Whistling Swan, English Authors. BRITISH BIRDS. 63 Sp. 2. C. BEWICKII. Yarrell. syn. Cygnus Bewickii, Yarr. Linn. Trans. Bewick's Swan, Fair. Eyton. ADDENDA. GENUS SYRNIUM. Sp. 2. S. TENGMALMI. Linnaeus. Syn. Strix Tengmalmi, Linn. Temm. Vieill. Faun. Bo. Amer. Teng- malm's Owl, Eyton, Addenda. GENUS TURDUS. Sp. 7. T. WHITEI. Nobis. Syn. White's Thrush, Eyton, Addenda. CATALOGUE OF Extinct Species. GENUS TETRAO. Sp. T. UROGALLUS. Linnceus. Syn. Tetrao Urogallus, Gmel. Lath. Tetras Auerhan, Temm. Wood Grouse, English Authors. Sp. T. M EDI us. Meyer. Syn. Tetrao Hybridus, Sparm. Tetras Rakkelhan, Temm. 64 CATALOGUE OF CATALOGUE OF The common introduced Species. SUB GENUS FRINGILLA. Cuvier. Sp. F. CANARIA. Linnceus. Syn. Fringilla Canaria, Gmel. Lath. Serinus Canarius, Briss. Le Serin des Canaries, Buff. Canary Bird, and Canary Finch, English Authors. GENUS PHASIANUS. Linnceus. Sp. P. COLCHICUS. Linnaeus. Syn. Faisan Vulgaire, Temm. Le Faisan Vulgaire, Buff. Common Pheasant, English Authors. Sp. P. TORQUATUS. Temminck. Syn. Ring Pheasant, Jenyns. Pheasant, Bewick. GENUS NUMIDA. Linnceus. Sp. N. MELEAGRIS. Linnaeus. Syn. Pintado, Bewick. GENUS MELEAGRIS. Linnaus. Sp. M. GALLOPAVO. Linnaeus. Syn. Turkey, Bewick. BRITISH BIRDS. 65 GENUS PAVO. Linnaus. Sp. P. CRISTATUS. Linnaeus. Sun. Peacock, Bewick. GENUS GALLUS. Brisson. Sp. G. DOMESTICUS. Brisson. Syn. The Cock, Bewick. GENUS CARINA. Fleming. Sp. C. MOSCHATA. Linnceus. Syn. Anas Moschata, Linn. Muscovy Duck, Lath. Musk Duck, Bewick. SUB GENUS BERNICLA. Sp. B. ^EGYPTIACUS. Brisson. Syn. Egyptian Goose, Lath. Bewick. GENUS CYGNUS. Sp. C. GUINEENSIS. Brisson. Syn. Anser Guineensis, Briss. Swan Goose, Bewick. Sp. C. CAN ADEN sis. Stephens. Syn. Canada Goose, Lath. Cravat Goose, Bewick. Sp. C. OLOR. Stephens. Syn. Anas Olor, Temm. Mute Swan, Bewick, k 66 CATALOGUE OF CATALOGUE OF Species which have been enumerated in the British Fauna, but appear to require some additional evidence of their occurrence before they are really entitled to a place in it. GENUS MILVUS. Bechstein. Sp. M. FURCATUS. Linnceus. Syn. Falco Furcatus, Linn. Naucterus Furcatus, Vigors. Swallow- tailed Elanus, Selby. GENUS LAN i us. Linnceus. Sp. L. RUFUS. Brisson. Syn. Lanius Kufus, Temm. Le Pie Grieche Rousse, Buff. Pie Grieche Rousse, Temm. Woodchat, Bewick, Addenda to volume first. GENUS Picus. Sp. P. VILLOSUS. Linnceus. Syn. Hairy Woodpecker, Mont. Lewin. Sp. P. TRIDACTYLUS. Linnceus. Syn. Picas Tridactyle ou Pecoid, Temm. Northern Three-toed Woodpecker, Edwards. BRITISH BIRDS. 67 GENUS PSOPHIA. Linnceus. Sp. P. CREPITANS. Linnceus. Syn. Trumpeter, English Authors. GENUS ARDEA. Linn&us. Sp. A. ALBA. Linnceus. Syn. Le Heron Blanc, Buff. The Great White Heron, Bewick. • GENUS CLANGULA. Sp. C. ALBEOLA. Stephens. Syn. Buffel-headed Duck, Faun. Bo. Amer. FINIS. PROSPECTUS. SINCE the time of the publication of the last edition of the HISTORY of BRITISH BIRDS, by the late Thomas Bewick, many birds have been discovered to be inhabitants, or visitants, of the British isles; and are consequently not figured in his work. To supply this deficiency is the only aim of the author; and, to the accomplishment of which, he trusts he shall be deemed competent, as he possesses nearly a perfecj collection of British Birds, and has the assistance of some eminent naturalists in his undertaking. The work will appear in three numbers, and will be printed in two sizes, royal octavo and demy octavo, to correspond with tl>; t of Bewick. The first two numbers will consist entirely of woodcuts, vignettes, and accompanying description ; and the ^ov \\ill contain a systematic catalogue of all British mistakes in Bewick, a list of synonyms, r»reface, and table of contents; on a woodcut of a hybrid bird >ne octavo AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $t.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. M38281 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY