UNIVERSITY OF

ILLINOIS LIBRARY

AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

BIOLOGY

APR 0 9 1992

.5

59

BIX

1ANA

Zoology

NEW SERIES, NO. 59

Systematics of Moths in the Genus
Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
I. Type Material in the
Strecker Collection, with
Lectotype Designations

Lawrence F. Gall
David C. Hawks

aco5**

September 28, 1990
Publication 1414

PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

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Croat, T. B. 1978. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 943 pp.

Grubb, P. J., J. R. Lloyd, and T D. Pennington. 1963. A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador.
I. The forest structure, physiognomy, and floristics. Journal of Ecology, 51: 567-601.

Langdon, E. J. M. 1979. Yage among the Siona: Cultural patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. In Browman, D. L.,and R. A.
Schwarz, eds., Spirits, Shamans, and Stars. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands.

Murra, J. 1946. The historic tribes of Ecuador, pp. 785-821. In Steward, J. H., ed., Handbook of South American
Indians. Vol. 2, The Andean Civilizations. Bulletin 143, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C.

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FIELDIANA

Zoology

NEW SERIES, NO. 59

Systematics of Moths in the Genus
Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
I. Type Material in the
Strecker Collection, with
Lectotype Designations

Lawrence F. Gall

Entomology Division

Peabody Museum of Natural History

Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut 06511

David C. Hawks

Department of Entomology
University of California at Riverside
Riverside, California 92521

Accepted May 4, 1990
Published September 28, 1990
Publication 1414

PUBLISHED BY HELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

© 1 990 Field Museum of Natural History

ISSN 0015-0754

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Table of Contents

Abstract 1

Introduction 1

Background Information 1

The Strecker Catocala Names 5

agrippina, 1 874 5

aholah, 1874 5

aholibah, 1874 5

amestris, 1 874 7

aspasia, 1 874 7

atarah, 1874 7

babayaga, 1 884 7

coccinata var. circe, 1 876 8

cleopatra, 1 874 8

dejecta, 1880 8

delilah, 1874 8

faustina, 1873 8

herodias, 1876 10

hippolyta, 1874 10

jair, 1897 10

jocasta, 1875 10

judith, 1874 10

luciana, 1874 10

magdalena, 1 874 12

mariana, 1 874 12

myrrha, 1 874 12

obscura, 1 873 12

/ttvtf/ta, 1874 12

parta var. perplexa, 1 873 13

sappho, 1 874 13

ulalume, 1877 13

faustina var. zillah, 1877 13

Other C<roc4Z-4 Types in the Strecker

Collection 13

Catocala sara French, 1883 13

Catocala zoe Behr, 1870 15

Acknowledgments 15

Literature cited 15

List of Illustrations

(On four plates) Holotypes and lectotypes of
moths in the genus Catocala Schrank

1-8. Lectotype, agrippina Strecker (1); lec-
totype, aholah Strecker (2); holo-
type, aholibah Strecker (3); holo-
type, amestris Strecker (4);
lectotype, aspasia Strecker (5); lecto-
type, atarah Strecker (6); lectotype,
babayaga Strecker (7); lectotype,

circe Strecker (8) 6

9-16. Lectotype, cleopatra Strecker (9); ho-
lotype, dejecta Strecker (10); lecto-
type, delilah Strecker (11); holotype,
faustina Strecker (12); holotype, hero-
dias Strecker (13); lectotype, hip-
polyta Strecker (14); lectotype, jair
Strecker (15); holotype, jocasta
Strecker (16) 9

17-24. Lectotype, judith Strecker (17); lec-
totype, luciana Strecker (18); holo-
type, magdalena Strecker (19); lecto-
type, mariana Strecker (20);
holotype, myrrha Strecker (21); lec-
totype, obscura Strecker (22); lecto-
type, perdita Strecker (23); lectotype,
perplexa Strecker (24) 11

25-29. Holotype, sappho Strecker (25); lec-
totype, ulalume Strecker (26); lecto-
type, zillah Strecker (27); lectotype,
sara French (28); holotype, zoe Behr
(29) 14

List of Tables

1 . Synopsis of taxonomic actions taken in
this article pertaining to names in the

moth genus Catocala Schrank 2

2. Label information for type specimens of
moths in the genus Catocala Schrank .... 4

in

Systematics of Moths in the Genus
Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
I. Type Material in the
Strecker Collection, with
Lectotype Designations

Abstract

The Strecker collection of Catocala at the Field
Museum of Natural History was examined in or-
der to clarify the taxonomic application of 38
names in this speciose noctuid moth genus. Here-
in, a total of 1 3 holotypes and 2 objective replace-
ment names are discussed, and 23 lectotypes des-
ignated and illustrated.

Introduction

Ferdinand Heinrich Hermann Strecker (1836-
1 902) described hundreds of lepidopteran taxa in
his productive and colorful lifetime, including 27
species and varieties of Catocala Schrank ( 1 802).
Strecker's contributions to Catocala systematics
are central, as at least 14 of his names retain full
species rank today, placing authorship on about
one eighth of all the Nearctic Catocala species with
him. Accordingly, in preparation for the Catocala
fascicle for the "Moths of America North of Mex-
ico" series, we visited the Field Museum of Nat-
ural History (fmnh) in Chicago, Illinois (USA),
during January 1 989, to examine the Strecker col-
lection and address the remaining taxonomic is-
sues involving his Catocala names.

Background Information

The Strecker Collection is currently housed ad-
jacent to and separate from the other Lepidoptera

holdings at the Field Museum. The drawers in the
Strecker cabinets are numbered consecutively.
Within each drawer, a separate head label, in
Strecker's writing, is usually pinned at the start of
the series for each new taxon. For some taxa, sec-
ondary head labels occasionally appear within the
series. The Strecker head labels are the primary
sources of taxonomic and geographic information
in the collection, as the specimens themselves bear
only fragmentary label data, if any. When types
are present within a series of specimens, Strecker's
primary head label usually indicates this on its last
line with the notation "(original Type)" or "(orig.
Type)," or a closely similar phrase.

Although Strecker published in a broad array of
scientific journals, his most important single work
was the privately printed "Lepidopteres, Rhopa-
loceres and Heteroceres, Indigenous and Exotic;
with Descriptions and Colored Illustrations"
(hereinafter lrh). The lrh sensu stricto appeared
in separate illustrated issues between 1872 and
1 878, and all but 3 of Strecker's 27 Catocala names
were published in this tome. Strecker subsequently
published three nonillustrated Supplements to the
lrh in 1898, 1899, and 1900, just prior to his
death. The first two Supplements contain numer-
ous descriptions of new taxa, but no Catocala. The
third Supplement (hereinafter lrhs3) catalogues
all of the lepidopteran type material in Strecker's
collection, indicating the number of types, their
type localities, and so forth.

We emphasize that the lrhs3 only claims to list
types residing in Strecker's collection, not all of
Strecker's types. Among the Catocala, for exam-
ple, there are several Strecker types in the type
cabinets at the American Museum of Natural His-
tory (amnh), most of which are not tabulated in

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I.

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GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I.

Table 2. Label information for type specimens of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank discussed in this article.
The nature of each label is indicated in brackets: m = machine printed, h = hand printed, ink color is black or dark
brown unless otherwise noted. A machined LECTOTYPE label has also been affixed to each of the specimens
designated herein as lectotype.

Taxon

Author

Date

Data labels attached to specimen

agrippina

aholah

aholibah

amestris

aspasia

atarah
babayaga

circe
cleopatra

dejecta

delilah

faustina

herodias

hippolyta

jair

jocasta

judith

luciana

Strecker
Strecker
Strecker
Strecker
Strecker

Strecker
Strecker

Strecker
Strecker

Strecker
Strecker
Strecker
Strecker
Strecker

Strecker
Strecker
Strecker

Strecker

1874
1874
1874
1874
1874

1874
1884

1876
1874

1880
1874
1873
1876
1874

1897
1875
1874

1874

magdalena

Strecker

1874

mariana

Strecker

1874

myrrha

Strecker

1874

obscura

Strecker

1873

perdita

Strecker

1874

perplexa

Strecker

1873

sappho

Strecker

1874

sara

French

1883

ulalume

Strecker

1877

zillah

Strecker

1877

zoe

Behr

1870

"Dallas,/Texas." [m]

none

none

"43." [h]; "Dallas/Texas." [m]

"aspasia" [h]; "Type" [h red]; "Catocala/aspasia/Type Strk./W. Beuten-

mttller/Nov. 22 1918." [h]
"134." [h]; "6 vi."[h]
"male genitalia slide/C. babayaga Type/Field Museum/April 6, 1935/A. E.

Brower." [h]
none

"5670/California" [h]; "Type/cleopatra,/Hy. Edws." [m with h Type];
"No. 1 1892/Collection/Hy. Edwards." [m with h number]; "TYPE/No./

A.M.N.H." [m red]
"Neb." [m]; "Collection/G. D. Hulst" [m]
none

"48/Califa" [h]; "Type/hippolyta,/Hy. Edws." [m with h Type];

"No. 12647/Collection/Hy. Edwards." [m with h number]; "TYPE/No./
A.M.N.H." [m red]

"Fla." [m]

"Kansas/(Original Type)" [h]

"No. 493/Coll. J. Angus/West Farms/New York City." [m with h num-
ber];

"W. Farms/N.Y. 1888" [h with h "levettei" on back];

"Catocala/Judith/Type. Strk." [h]; "TYPE/No./A.M.N.H." [m]

"Colorado." [m]; "4407" [h]; "luciana,/Hy. Edws./Type" [m with h Type];

"No. 1 1759/Collection/Hy. Edwards." [m with h number]; "TYPE/No./
A.M.N.H." [m red]

none

"Vancouver/Island." [m]; "mariana/Hy. Edw." [h];

"C. mariana/Orig. Type. Hy. Edw./vide Lep Rhop Het p. 99/J.McD." [h]

"11." [h]; "Dallas/Texas." [h]

none

"perdita n.sp./Hy. Edwards./San Mateo Co./Orig. Type" [h]

none

none

"Colo." [m]; "1" [h]; "F.M.N.H. Coll./No. 93/(Strecker Coll.)" [m with h
number];

"C. sara/French/Type/vide Can. Ent. xiv 163/J.McD." [h]

"109." [h]

none

"Zoe. Behr/Napa Co." [h]

the lrhs3. Thus, in our opinion, the number of
types stated in the lrhs3 cannot reliably be used
alone as evidence as to the actual number of types
for any given taxon authored by Strecker.

In working through the Strecker Catocala, we
found the minutely detailed lrh illustrations to
be by far the most useful tool for resolving taxo-
nomic questions. Indeed, we were able to locate
nearly all the type specimens easily with reference
only to the lrh illustrations. Investigation of the
lrh/lrhs3 texts and the various data labels typ-

ically offered additional confirmation. Note that
the lrh text, the lrh figure captions, and the lrhs3
text sometimes disagree on the number of type
specimens, and often on their sex. We always placed
greatest faith in the lrh plates, preferring first to
match the illustrations to actual specimens, and
subsequently to address inconsistencies in the texts.
Strecker's archived correspondence at the Field
Museum is doubtless his most voluminous and
least utilized legacy. Included therein are over
10,000 incoming letters to him, and a scattering

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

of copies of his outgoing letters and other material
(such as receipts for postal expenses). These ar-
chives were mostly untapped and, indeed, essen-
tially untappable by the entomological community
until 1987, when the Library staff at the Field
Museum initiated the momentous task of un-
wrapping, sorting, and producing computerized
catalogues to the holdings. At the time we visited
the Field Museum in January 1989, nearly half
the Strecker archives had been processed, with late
1 989 being the target date for completion of the
first phase of the project.

It would have proved nearly impossible to use
the Strecker archives effectively for the present
paper. This would have been premature in any
event, as large gaps exist in even the already sorted
material— the letters are in wrapped bundles that
have remained tied since Strecker's day, with each
bundle containing several dozen letters, and there
is no predictable relationship among the letters
present in any given bundle. We plan a sequel
paper at a later date on Strecker and his Catocala
dealings, based on his archived correspondence.

The following sections of this paper discuss, re-
spectively, the 27 Strecker Catocala names, and 4
additional Catocala names authored by other
workers for which types were located in the Streck-
er collection. Tables 1 and 2 provide a synopsis
of all taxonomic decisions taken herein.

lected the "first known females" of atocala be-
tween 1970 and 1984— Brou having overlooked
not only the two Strecker females, but one other
ancient female at the U.S. National Museum in
Washington. Fortunately, usage of the name agrip-
pina has always been consistent over time, sensu
lrh Plate 1 1, Figures 1 and 2. Thus, we designate
Strecker's illustrated male as LECTOTYPE for
agrippina (our fig. 1). The type locality is [Dallas],
Texas, [USA]. We recognize Catocala agrippina
as a full species.

Catocala aholah Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 96, Plate 1 1, Fig. 8; lrhs3, p. 35; 6 specimens
in Drawer 46 at fmnh; head label lacking type in-
formation.

The lrh description of aholah does not state the
number of types; the lrhs3 indicates "one ex-
ample, Dallas, Texas." Only two specimens in
Drawer 46 are referable to aholah— a male and
female, each with no data label. Strecker's lrh
description matches the male more closely than
the female, although the figure caption asserts that
the illustrated specimen is a female. We have cho-
sen the male as LECTOTYPE for aholah (our fig.
2). The type locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA].
Catocala aholah is a synonym of Catocala similis
W. H. Edwards (1864).

The Strecker Catocala Names

Catocala agrippina Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 95, Plate 11, Figs. 1-3; lrhs3, p. 35; 12 spec-
imens in Drawer 34 at fmnh; head label with type
information.

The three agrippina syntypes are pictured in the
lrh, and were easily located in Drawer 34. One
female agrippina syntype (lrh fig. 3) is a specimen
of Catocala atocala Brou (1985), recently de-
scribed as distinct but closely related to agrippina.
In addition, two other atocala, one of each sex,
are among the remaining nine non-syntype spec-
imens labelled agrippina.

In his description of atocala, Brou did not ad-
dress the presence of his new species among the
Strecker agrippina syntypes. More inexplicable still,
Brou (1985, p. 889) attributed the earliest pub-
lished illustration of atocala to Barnes and
McDunnough (1918), and claimed to have col-

Catocala aholibah Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 72, Plate 9, Fig. 5; lrhs3, p. 35; 12 specimens
in Drawer 38 at fmnh; head label with type infor-
mation.

Regarding aholibah, Strecker somewhat amus-
ingly recounts "the single female example con-
tained in the collection of Mr. James Behrens . . .
who, in order to enable me to present the species,
had the almost unprecedented generosity to rob
his own fine cabinet of the only example it con-
tained of this insect ... [in flight the adult] was
the wildest animal he ever saw." Strecker's figured
aholibah is therefore the holotype by monotypy.
The first female in Drawer 38 bears no data label,
but matches the lrh illustration exactly, and must
be the holotype (our fig. 3). The type locality is
"the higher mountains of California," [USA], pre-
sumably referring to the Sierra Nevada. We rec-
ognize Catocala aholibah as a full species.

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEM ATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I.

t >>

Figs. 1-8. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar = 25 mm. 1, Lectotype,
agrippina Strecker (1874). 2, Lectotype, aholah Strecker (1874). 3, Holotype, aholibah Strecker (1874). 4, Holotype,
amestris Strecker (1874). 5, Lectotype, aspasia Strecker (1874). 6, Lectotype, atarah Strecker (1874). 7, Lectotype,
babayaga Strecker (1884). 8, Lectotype, circe Strecker (1876).

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

Catocala antes tris Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 96, Plate 11, Fig. 6; lrhs3, p. 36; 3 specimens
in Drawer 42 at fmnh; head label with type infor-
mation.

The lrh description of amestris indicates "one
example from Mr. J. Boll," with the lrhs3 text
concurring. Strecker's illustrated female is there-
fore the holotype by monotypy (our fig. 4). The
type locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA]. We rec-
ognize Catocala amestris as a full species.

Catocala aspasia Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 94; lrhs3, p. 36; 8 specimens in Drawer 41
at fmnh; head label with type information.

Strecker's aspasia has remained a nomen du-
bium from the time of its description— no illus-
tration was given, and the textual diagnosis would
politely be termed equivocal. Barnes and Mc-
Dunnough(1918, p. 31) were unable to determine
the whereabouts of the aspasia syntypes to their
satisfaction, and so followed Beutenmuller in pro-
visionally applying the name to Strecker's eight
specimens under the head label aspasia (4 males,
3 females from Manitou, Colorado; 1 male, no
locality data). Later authors have followed the
Barnes and McDunnough treatment.

The eight specimens discussed by Barnes and
McDunnough were still together in Drawer 41
when we visited the fmnh, and all are Catocala
junctura Walker (1858). However, the male with
no locality data now bears a red "type" label, and
one male from Manitou now bears a red "cotype"
label. Each of these two males also bears a label
in Beutenmuller's handwriting as follows: "Ca-
tocala/aspasia/Type Strk./W. BeutenmUller/Nov.
22 1918."

Barnes and McDunnough's Catocala mono-
graph was published in October, 1918. Thus, it
would appear Beutenmuller either discovered ad-
ditional evidence regarding the aspasia types fol-
lowing publication of the monograph, or had in-
formation prior to the publication to which Barnes
and McDunnough were not privy (possible clues
would almost certainly not have been included in
the initial draft of the Catocala monograph, which
was written by Beutenmuller and subsequently in-
herited by Barnes and McDunnough, who expand-
ed on it).

The lrh gives "Lower California" as the type
locality for aspasia, and the lrhs3 states "three

examples, Califa." This could refer either to Cal-
ifornia (USA) or Baja California (Mexico), and
there are only two Catocala species occurring in
these areas to which the name aspasia might apply:
Jessica Hy. Edwards (1 877) and junctura (as noted
above, the eight specimens labelled aspasia by
Strecker are all junctura). Strecker described ba-
bayaga in 1 884 as a distinct species, and discussed
points of distinction between babayaga and as-
pasia. Because babayaga and Jessica are conspe-
cific, the name aspasia should logically apply to
junctura, not Jessica. Thus, we see no reason to
challenge Beutenmuller's judgment of November
1918. Accordingly, we designate the Strecker male
with no locality data, labelled "type" by Beuten-
muller, as LECTOTYPE for aspasia Strecker
(1874b; our fig. 5), and place the name hereinafter
as a synonym of junctura (NEW STATUS). The
type locality remains "Lower California" (either
southern California, USA, or Baja California,
Mexico).

Catocala atarah Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 97, Plate 11, Figs. 10-11; lrhs3, p. 36; 33
specimens in Drawer 46 at fmnh; head label with
type information.

The lrh pictures a male and female, and Streck-
er's description limits the syntype series to these
two specimens. The illustrated male is the first
specimen under the head label, and we have se-
lected it as LECTOTYPE (our fig. 6). The type
locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA]. Catocala atarah
is a synonym of Catocala micronympha Guenee
(1852). We note that Strecker's 32 other "atarah"
in Drawer 46 include: 26 micronympha, 2 crataegi
Saunders (1876), 2 blandula Hulst (1884), 1 mira
Grote (1876), and 1 pretiosa Lintner (1876).

Catocala babayaga Strecker, 1884.

Papilio, 4: 73; 3 specimens in Drawer 39 at fmnh;
head label with type information.

Strecker did not specify the number of types in
his Papilio article; the lrhs3 indicates four from
Arizona. The genitalia of one male have been dis-
sected and mounted by Brower, and that specimen
bears his handwritten label "male genitalia slide/
C. babayaga Type/Field Museum/ April 6, 1935/
A. E. Brower." We therefore select this dissected
male as LECTOTYPE for babayaga (our fig. 7).
The type locality is Arizona, [USA]. The name

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I.

babayaga is a synonym of Catocala Jessica Hy.
Edwards (1877) (NEW SYNONYMY).

Catocala coccinata var. circe Strecker, 1876.

lrh, p. 121; lrhs3, p. 35; 6 specimens in Drawer 36
at fmnh; head label lacking type information.

The four males and two females in Drawer 36
appear to constitute the syntype series, as the lrh
mentions six specimens (the lrhs3 notes five spec-
imens). None of the specimens bear data labels.
We have selected the first male in the series as
LECTOTYPE (our fig. 8). The type locality is Bos-
que Co[unty], Texas, [USA]. Catocala circe is a
synonym of Catocala coccinata Grote (1872).

Catocala cleopatra Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 99; lrhs3, p. 35; no specimens at fmnh; 1
specimen at amnh.

The names cleopatra, hippolyta, luciana, mari-
ana, and perdita were a source of contention be-
tween Strecker and Henry Edwards. Strecker val-
idated all five names in 1874 on pp. 99-100 of the
lrh, basing the descriptions upon specimens which
Hy. Edwards sent to him— and which Hy. Ed-
wards was also using as types. Hy. Edwards's de-
scriptions of these same Catocala were still in
manuscript in 1874; his paper was read to the
California Academy in July 1875, and published
later in the Academy's Proceedings. As a conse-
quence, the five Catocala names that Hy. Edwards
coined were unavailable to him by the time his
intended original descriptions appeared in print.

Strecker does not state the number of his cleo-
patra types in either the lrh or lrhs3. Hy. Ed-
wards's (1875) redescription of cleopatra lists a
single male, implying a holotype by monotypy for
his name. Barnes and McDunnough (1918, p. 24)
considered the single male at the amnh to "pre-
sumably . . . [be] a metatype" for cleopatra Hy.
Edwards. This amnh specimen bears an Hy. Ed-
wards type label, in his handwriting, and we con-
sider it to be his holotype. As no cleopatra head
label exists in the Strecker collection, it seems
probable that the amnh male (and perhaps other
specimens) served both Strecker and Hy. Edwards
when they wrote their respective descriptions.

We therefore designate the amnh male as LEC-
TOTYPE for Catocala cleopatra Strecker (1874c;

see our fig. 9); the same specimen is the holotype
of Catocala cleopatra Hy. Edwards (1875). The
type locality is Contra Costa County, California,
[USA]. We recognize Catocala cleopatra as a sub-
species of Catocala faustina Strecker ( 1 873a) (NEW
STATUS).

Catocala dejecta Strecker, 1880.

Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, 2: 97; lrhs3, p. 35; 4 specimens
in Drawer 47 at fmnh; head label lacking type in-
formation; 1 specimen at amnh.

Strecker states that "the type of the species is in
the collection of Rev. Geo. D. Hulst of Brooklyn."
Pinned on the single male at the amnh is a Hulst
accession label, and one of Strecker's "original
type" head labels indicating Nebraska as the col-
lection locality (the lrhs3 states "2 examples NY,"
which are doubtless the "two corresponding [sic]
specimens" to which Strecker refers in his 1880
article). The amnh specimen thus is the holotype
of dejecta by original designation (our fig. 10). The
type locality is [Nebraska, USA], probably from
the eastern portion of that state, where Juglandace-
ae-feeding Catocala species are taken regularly.
We recognize Catocala dejecta as a full species.

Catocala delilah Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 96, Plate 11, Fig. 7; lrhs3, p. 36; 6 specimens
in Drawer 45 at fmnh; head labels lacking type
information.

The lrh description does not state the number
of types. The lrhs3 indicates two specimens from
Dallas County, Texas. The primary head label for
Strecker's delilah reads "Tonganoxie Kansas," but
a secondary head label reading "Dallas Co., Texas"
precedes one of the males in the series. Thus, we
have selected this male as LECTOTYPE for de-
lilah (our fig. 11). The type locality is [Dallas],
Texas, [USA]. We recognize Catocala delilah as a
full species (see Hawks, 1 986).

Catocala faustina Strecker, 1873.

lrh, p. 21, Plate 3, Fig. 8; lrhs3, p. 35; 10 specimens
in Drawer 39 at fmnh; head label with type infor-
mation.

The single male faustina holotype (by original
designation) was locatable on the basis of wing

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

12

i>

16

i

Figs. 9-16. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar = 25 mm. 9, Lectotype,
cleopatra Strecker (1874). 10, Holotype, dejecta Strecker (1880). 11, Lectotype, delilah Strecker (1874). 12, Holotype,
faustina Strecker (1873). 13, Holotype, herodias Strecker (1876). 14, Lectotype, hippolyta Strecker (1874). 15, Lec-
totype, jair Strecker (1897). 16, Holotype, jocasta Strecker (1875).

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEM ATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I.

pattern and the manner in which it was pinned,
as the lrh illustration exactly portrays the position
of this specimen's wings (see our fig. 1 2). The type
locality is Arizona, [USA]. We recognize Catocala
faustina as a full species.

Catocala herodias Strecker, 1876.

lrh, p. 121; lrhs3, p. 35; 1 specimen in Drawer 40
at fmnh; head label lacking type information.

The single female in Strecker's collection bears
no data label, and the head label reads "Texas'"
on its last line. The forewing pattern of this female
indicates it is from the western range of herodias,
and it must be the holotype (by monotypy; our fig.
13). The type locality is Bosque County, Texas,
[USA]. Oklahoman and Texan herodias represent
the nominate subspecies. The distinctive disjunct
subspecies found in the northeastern USA is Ca-
tocala herodias gerhardi Barnes and Benjamin
( 1 927), and it may be worthy of full species status.

Catocala hippolyta Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 99, lrhs3, p. 35; no specimens at fmnh; 1
specimen at amnh.

Neither Strecker's nor Hy. Edwards's hippolyta
descriptions state the number of types. Accord-
ingly, we designate the single male in the amnh as
LECTOTYPE for both Catocala hippolyta Strecker
( 1 874c) and Catocala hippolyta Hy. Edwards (1875;
see our fig. 14). This specimen bears an Hy. Ed-
wards type label. The type locality is San Mateo
County, California, [USA]. We recognize Catocala
hippolyta as a full species.

Catocala jocasta Strecker, 1875.

lrh, p. 107; lrhs3, p. 36; 1 1 specimens in Drawer 44
at fmnh; head label lacking type information.

The female described in the lrh is the holotype
by original designation, and was readily locatable
among the 1 1 specimens in Drawer 44 by its hand-
written label "Kansas/(original type)" (see our fig.
1 6). The type locality is Kansas, [USA]. The name
jocasta is a synonym of Catocala messalina Gue-
nee (1852). The forewings of the jocasta holotype
are quite dark, as are those of most messalina
specimens from the northern parts of the species'
range.

Catocala judith Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 95, Plate 11, Fig. 5; 6 specimens in Drawer
35 at fmnh; head label lacking information; 2 spec-
imens at AMNH.

The original description refers to two types, a
male and female, in the collection of J. Angus in
West Farms, New York. The male and female
judith at the amnh bear Angus's machined West
Farms labels, and type labels in Strecker's hand-
writing. Because the head label in the Strecker col-
lection does not say "original type" or an equiv-
alent phrase, we give precedence to the amnh
material, and select the male from that institution
as LECTOTYPE (our fig. 17). The type locality is
West Farms, [Bronx], New York, [USA]. We rec-
ognize Catocala judith as a full species.

Catocala luciana Strecker, 1874.

lrh p. 99; lrhs3, p. 35; no specimens at fmnh; 4
specimens at amnh.

Catocala jair Strecker, 1897.

Ent. News, 8: 116; lrhs3, p. 36; 3 specimens in Draw-
er 4 1 at fmnh; head label with type information.

Strecker's 1897 article lists 30 syntypes, the
lrhs3 6. The three extant specimens at the fmnh
are females with machined "Fla." labels, and our
Figure 1 5 shows the LECTOTYPE selected from
among these. The type locality is Florida, [USA].
We recognize Catocala jair as a full species.

Neither Strecker nor Hy. Edwards states the
number of types in their respective descriptions
of luciana. Among the four specimens at the amnh
are a male and female each bearing an Hy. Ed-
wards type label. We have selected the male as
LECTOTYPE for both Catocala luciana Strecker
(1874c) and Catocala luciana Hy. Edwards (1875;
our fig. 18). The type locality is Colorado, [USA].
We recognize Catocala luciana as a full species.
Three of the four amnh specimens are indeed lu-
ciana, but the fourth is a specimen of Catocala
hermia Hy. Edwards (1880).

10

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

17

Jk

«N>

,<4 ^ **•. ■ ^\

Fios. 1 7-24. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar - 25 mm. 17, Lectotype,
judith Strecker ( 1 874). 18, Lectotype, luciana Strecker ( 1 874). 19, Holotype, magdalena Strecker ( 1 874). 20, Lectotype,
mariana Strecker ( 1 874). 21, Holotype, myrrha Strecker ( 1 874). 22, Lectotype, obscura Strecker ( 1 873). 23, Lectotype,
perdita Strecker (1874). 24, Lectotype, perplexa Strecker (1873).

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I.

11

Catocala magdalena Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 93, Plate 1 1 , Fig. 9; lrhs3, p. 36; 1 specimen
in Drawer 43 at fmnh; head label with type infor-
mation.

Strecker initially described magdalena on p. 93
of the lrh. He illustrated the female from which
he based the description on Plate 1 1 several months
later, and added further discussion on p. 97 that
indicates this female is the holotype by monotypy
(our fig. 1 9). The type locality is Indianapolis, [In-
diana, USA]. Catocala magdalena is a synonym
of Catocala illecta Walker (1858).

Cat ocala mariana Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 99; lrhs3, p. 35; 1 1 specimens in Drawer 39
at fmnh; head label with type information; 1 spec-
imen at AMNH.

Neither Strecker nor Hy. Edwards stated the
number of types on which they based their re-
spective mariana descriptions. Among the 1 1
specimens in Strecker Drawer 39 under the ma-
riana head label is a single male, bearing the fol-
lowing label in McDunnough's handwriting:
"C mariana/ 'Orig. Type. Hy. Edw./vide Lep Rhop
Het p. 99/J.McD." We designate this specimen as
LECTOTYPE for Catocala mariana Strecker
( 1 874c; our fig. 20). The type locality is Vancouver
Island, [British Columbia, Canada]. The male
mariana at the amnh bears a machined Vancouver
Island label, and one of Hy. Edwards's handwrit-
ten type labels. This amnh specimen would appear
to be an available syntype, but for parsimony's
sake, we also choose to designate the lectotype for
Catocala mariana Strecker (1874c) as the LEC-
TOTYPE for Catocala mariana Hy. Edwards
(1875).

Both Catocala mariana Strecker and Catocala
mariana Hy. Edwards are primary junior hom-
onyms of Catocala mariana Rambur (1866) from
the Palearctic. The first published objective re-
placement name for Catocala mariana Hy. Ed-
wards is Catocala edwardsii Kusnezov (1903); the
second published, and hence unnecessary, replace-
ment name is Catocala eldoradensis Beutenmuller
(1907). The specimen shown in our Figure 20 is
therefore the name-bearing type for both Catocala
edwardsii and Catocala eldoradensis. At present,
we feel that Catocala edwardsii and Catocala fran-
cisca Hy. Edwards (1880) are probably synonyms
of Catocala californica W. H. Edwards ( 1 864), but

the taxonomy of the dark-forewinged western Ne-
arctic Catocala is not yet fully resolved.

Catocala myrrha Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 97, Plate 1 1 , Fig. 1 2; lrhs3, p. 36; 4 specimens
in Drawer 44 at fmnh; head label with type infor-
mation.

Strecker's head label for Catocala nuptialis
Walker (1858) bears ""Catocala myrrha Strecker"
parenthetically as its second line, suggesting that
Strecker may have later realized the synonymy of
his myrrha. The same head label reads "Lawrence,
Kansas" on its last line. Three males in Drawer
44 bear no data labels, whereas the single female
has two handwritten labels "11." and "Dallas,
Texas." The figured lrh specimen is the holotype
by monotypy, and although the lrh figure caption
claims the illustration is of a male, we feel the
female bearing the data label is indeed the holo-
type (our fig. 21). The type locality is [Dallas],
Texas, [USA]. Catocala myrrha is a synonym of
Catocala nuptialis.

Catocala obscura Strecker, 1873.

lrh, p. 19, Plate 3, Fig. 4; lrhs3, p. 35; 12 specimens
in Drawer 34 at fmnh; head label with type infor-
mation.

The lrh description does not indicate the num-
ber of obscura types; the lrhs3 states five. The 1 2
specimens in Drawer 34 include 6 obscura and 6
residua Grote (1874), and none of these bears a
data label. The obscura are pinned together in one
series immediately under the head label, and the
residua follow in another series. It seems likely
that the obscura pinned together constitute all or
part of the original syntype series, and so we have
selected a male from among them as LECTO-
TYPE for obscura (our fig. 22). The type locality
is West Farms, [Bronx], New York, [USA]. We
recognize Catocala obscura as a full species, closely
related to but clearly distinct from Catocala resid-
ua.

Catocala perdita Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 100; lrhs3, p. 35; 1 specimen in Drawer 38
at fmnh; head label with type information; 2 spec-
imens at AMNH.

12

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

Catocala perdita is the last of the five names
authored by both Strecker and Hy. Edwards. The
lrh does not state the number of types for Streck-
er's perdita; the lrhs3 indicates one. Hy. Ed-
wards's (1875) paper similarly does not give the
number of types for his perdita. Both Strecker and
Hy. Edwards list San Mateo County, [California,
USA] as the type locality for perdita, and so the
two males in the amnh type cabinet bearing Men-
docino County labels are unlikely to be syntypes.
Thus, we designate the single male in the Strecker
collection as LECTOTYPE for both Catocala per-
dita Strecker (1874c) and Catocala perdita Hy.
Edwards (1875; our fig. 23), and place perdita as
a synonym of cleopatra Strecker.

The lrh description gives no indication of the
number of types; the lrhs3 states two males. The
two males in Strecker Drawer 33 bear handwritten
labels "108." and "109." respectively. The male
from Texas in the amnh is from Hulst's collection,
and on its pin is what appears to be another pri-
mary Strecker head label for ulalume. We give
precedence here to Strecker's material, and hence
designate his male numbered "109." as the LEC-
TOTYPE for Catocala ulalume (our fig. 26). The
type locality is [Dallas, Texas, USA]. We recognize
Catocala ulalume as a full species.

Catocala faustina var. zillah Strecker, 1877.

Catocala porta var. perplexa Strecker, 1873.

lrh, p. 38, Plate 5, Fig. 11; 1 specimen in Drawer 36
at fmnh; head label with type information.

The lrh description indicates two syntypes. We
designate the single female in Strecker's collection
as LECTOTYPE for perplexa (our fig. 24). The
type locality is Brooklyn, N[ew] Y[ork, USA]. Ca-
tocala perplexa is a synonym of Catocala parta
Guenee(1852).

lrh, p. 129; lrhs3, p. 35; 1 specimen in Drawer 39
at fmnh; head label with type information.

The original lrh description indicates "several
examples," and the lrhs3 indicates one male type.
A single male zillah is present under the head label,
and so we designate this specimen as the LEC-
TOTYPE (our fig. 27). The type locality is Ari-
zona, [USA]. Catocala zillah is a synonym of Ca-
tocala faustina Strecker.

Catocala sappho Strecker, 1 874.

Other Catocala Types in the
Strecker Collection

lrh, p. 95, Plate 1 1, Fig. 4; lrhs3, p. 35; 2 specimens
in Drawer 35 at fmnh; head label lacking type in-
formation.

Strecker based his description of sappho on a
single female, it being the holotype by monotypy.
The holotype was readily located in Drawer 35
from the lrh illustration (our fig. 25). The type
locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA]. The unlabelled
male in Drawer 35 is the smaller and less con-
trasting form of sappho typically encountered out-
side Florida and the immediate Gulf coast, which
may explain the "Georgia" head label. We rec-
ognize Catocala sappho as a full species.

We located types at the fmnh for four additional
Nearctic Catocala authored by workers other than
Strecker. Two of the names involve holotypes by
monotypy, and we did not consider it necessary
to discuss these in detail, the names being: Catoca-
la amasia var. virens French (1886), a synonym
of Catocala connuhialis Guenee (1852); and Ca-
tocala julietta French (1916), a synonym of Ca-
tocala junctura. The other two names require lec-
totypes and/or further discussion, and follow
forthwith:

Catocala sara French, 1883.

Catocala ulalume Strecker, 1877.

lrh, p. 132; lrhs3, p. 35; 2 specimens in Drawer 33
at fmnh; head label with type information; 1 spec-
imen at AMNH.

Can. Ent., 15: 163; 1 specimen in Drawer 40 at fmnh;
head label with type information.

French described Catocala sara from "two spec-
imens from Jamestown, Colorado, one in my own
cabinet and one in the cabinet of Hermann Streck-

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEM ATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I.

13

Figs. 25-29. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar = 25 mm. 25, Holotype,
sappho Strecker (1874). 26, Lectotype, ulalume Strecker (1877). 27, Lectotype, zillah Strecker (1877). 28, Lectotype,
sara French (1883). 29, Holotype, zoe Behr (1870).

14

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

er." The Strecker specimen is a female, which we
here designate as LECTOTYPE for sara (our fig.
28). The type locality is Jamestown, Colorado,
[USA]. Catocala sara is a synonym of Catocala
junctura Walker (NEW STATUS).

Catocala zoe Behr, 1870.

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 3: 24; 4 specimens in Drawer
41 at fmnh; head label with type information.

Behr's holotype (by monotypy) was reared ex
larva from "beneath a clump of trees composed
of Quercus lobata, Alnus viridis, and a species of
Willow," the oak obviously being the appropriate
host. The Strecker specimen is a female, and bears
a label "Zoe. Behr/Napa Co." in Behr's hand-
writing. We presume this specimen to be the ho-
lotype (our fig. 29). The type locality is Searsville,
[Napa County, California, USA]. We presently
recognize zoe as a subspecies of Catocala ilia Cra-
mer (1775).

The types for the three Catocala authored by
Behr (1870) — zoe, irene, stretchii — have been
treated as lost by recent workers, probably on the
basis of Barnes and McDunnough's (1918) state-
ments that the irene type was "since destroyed"
and the stretchii type "lost." However, in a brief
foray into Strecker's archives, Brown (1968) came
across a letter from Behr to Strecker implying that
Behr's Catocala types had been sent to Strecker.
Because we have uncovered no other information
yet as to where Behr's Catocala types might be,
we see no reason to doubt Brown's suggestion,
particularly given the label data associated with
the fmnh zoe specimen. A future search of the
nearly computerized Strecker correspondence files
may offer further insight into the disposition of
Behr's types.

Acknowledgments

We thank Phillip Parrillo (fmnh) and Benjamin
Williams (fmnh) for assistance with the Strecker
collection and correspondence archives, respec-
tively, in Chicago. Frederick Rindge (amnh) helped
with the Strecker and Henry Edwards types in New
York. William Sacco (Yale Peabody Museum)
prepared the plates. Don LaFontaine (cnc, Otta-
wa) and John Franclemont (Cornell University)
provided helpful criticism of the manuscript.

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16

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