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HORSE OWNERS' GUIDE,

J>i:iN<4 A SYNOPSIS OK Tin;

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AND CATTLE,

AND How TO TREAT THK

M.

The Anatomy of the Horse as 61? en hy Mr. Ml, V. S.

-BY-

A-H. ROE, VETERINARY SURGEON

MKNNONITE Pen. Co., PIMNTKKS:
KLKHAKT, INDIANA.

1878.

COPYRIGHT APPLIED KOR.

I n.

LIBRARY

PREFACE.

HIS unpretending little Treatise is an
attempt to supply an oft expressed
want. Namely, a brief, popular and
reliable Hand-Book on that depart-
ment of Veterinary Science which treats of
Horses, Cattle, and their Diseases.

It need hardly be proved by any argument
of mine that in accordance with the advance
ment of Medical Science in our day, a new work
(written up to the present time) is absolutely
required to instruct owners of horses and cattle
in the latest and most approved modes of treat-
ment in all diseases of horses and cattle. Within
the past twenty years new diseases or rather
new forms of old diseases (including the late
Epizootic and Spinal Meningitis) have afflicted
the equine race in our own country and elsewhere.
These diseases were considerably altered in
character from the type with which our Grand
fathers were acquainted. For these reasons it
would be exceedingly iumdicious to pursue PX

PREFACE.

actly the same treatment recommended in books
written for those times. In former days Bleed-
ing, Blistering, Firing and Physicing were indis.
(Tirniriately pursued, without knowing the where-
fore for so doing. The object of the author has
been to supply to such persons a brief, popular
and if possible a reliable work for all such
emergencies. How far he has succeeded in ac-
complishing that object he leaves to the judg-
ment of others.

Grand Rapids, Mich., May 10, 1878,

On the following page is found a table of the bones
in the structure of a horse, the notes below give explan-
ations on the table.

*) The bones in the sacrum of the colt consist of five pieces.

•)) The pelvis of the young animal is made up of the two
ossa innominata, each of which is formed of two pieces, the
larger is called os ileum, the smaller, in allusion to the human
pelvis, has been subdivided into two portions, named os ichium
and os pubis

Dr. Hooper reckons the number of bones in the
human subject at 248.

Frontal. i

1

Parietal,

l:..inv of the Cranium >

Orripital, 1

or Skull.

Temporal,

Kthmoiil, 1

*

L Sphenoid, 1

•£

r Nasal, 2

««-"^

Ungins,

ll

Malaruin,

Maxillary, Superior and Ant.-rior, 4

a? r

IJi.ni-s of the Face ^

Palatine,
Tnrbinateil Bon«-s.

y t

Vomer,

0

l'..>terior Maxilla, 1

w

Lachrymal,
^ Cuspidata, or Canine. 4

c3

Dent«« or Teeth.

J Molars, 2-1
t Inrisores, 12

f i .

Bone of the Tongue.

livoides, 1

0
09

Bones of the Ear.

1 Malleus,
Incus,
Stapes,
Orbiculare,

S

s .np (Vertebrae.

( Cervical, 7
' Dorsal, IS

s

' ( Sai'rnm. v

/ Lumbar, 5

S .

4-3 •=

Tail.

Coccygis or bones of the, tail, 15-
( Sternum, at l-irth of d'tt'nt pieces, 1

a? r*

o a

Thorax.

^True ribs, 14
False ribs. 22

5i ® £

IVlvis-Ossa Tnominata. f

• 2

r~i = :n
* r j °

Shoulder,

Scapula,

Ann.

Humerus, 2

Fore Arm.

Radius, (Ulna conc'td with former) 4

P

r Os Schaphoides (1 to each knee 2

•i— «

Os Lunare, 2

OQ

1 Os Cuneiform,

0)

Bones of the Knee. -<

I Os Trape/ium,
i Os Trape/oides

o

Os Unciform,

Os Magnum,

' ' ® _<£

^ Os Pisiform,

f— j 15 £

rMetacarpi Magnum.
Splents,

• Sessamoides, 4

4-3 £ •£

Helow the Knee.

Suffraginis, (large pastern)
1 Os Corronae, (small pastern)

O c

Os Naviculare,

*"

1 Os Pedis,

<£>

Thigh.

Femur,

r- H

Stifle.

Patella, 2

i ^' •*

• Thibia,

C^

Leg.

} Fibula,

01

Bones of the Hook.

C Astragalus, 2
OsCalcis, 2
1 Os Ouboides,. 2
, Os Cuneiform Magnum,

J§1

Internal Medium,
L External Medium,

•** .'JS

f Metatarsi, (or canons) 2

^ 5

Splints. 4
1 OHSuffraginis,

Heh.w the Knye.

' Os Coronae,

1^

j Os Sessamoides, i

1 Os Naviculare, 2

IS

V 08 Pedi<. 2

Total,

10 ROE ON THE HORSE.

ant landmarks are presented, which may be very
useful in guiding to correct conclusions.

THE PTTLSE.

The pulse of a medium sized, healthy horse
beats from thirty-four to forty per minute. The
pulse of a small horse may be a few more, or of
a larger one a beat or two less. Age decreases
the pulse slightly. Any considerable increase of
the pulse over forty per minute, indicates fever or
inflammation, and other symptoms must be looked
for to determine the particular locality of the
disease. Where great weakness ensues the pulse
becomes fluttering.

THE MEMBRANE OF THE NOSE.

This in health is of a light pink color. In
fever and inflamation it is red.

Is supposed to be caused by any irritative
substance that may come in contact with the
mucus membrane of the stomach and alimentary
canal.

SYMPTOMS.

On account of the severe pain, in the first
stages of this complaint, it might sometimes be
mistaken for colic in the horse, but the copious
and bloody evacuations will soon convince the
most inexperienced veterinarian, that he has a very

K01-: ON Till-] LIOR8K. 11

different disease to contend with, and one, if not
soon counteracted, will very soon place its victim
beyond the reach of all medicinal aid. The dis-
charges from the bowels in this disease are of the
following nature: — Blood, Mucus and Lyjnph,
often accompanied with Pus in the last stages of
this malady, very fetid and disagreeable to the
smell ; attended often with high fever, ardent
thirst, and considerable distress on pressure of
the abdomen, there being often considerable
swelling of the abdomen.

TREATMENT.

During the first stage of this disease give,
Chloroform £ oz., Laudanum £ oz., and Tincture
Jamaica Ginger 1 oz. in 1 pint of flax seed tea,
repeating the same often as circumstances may
require. In aggravated cases take the heads and
leaves of poppies and hops and make a strong
decoction, with which saturate the horse often and
about as hot as it can be borne by the hand. If
the horse has much fever give him Tincture of
Aconite and Sweet Spirits Nitre in equal parts,
£ tablespoonful every 3 or 4 hours, on the tongue,
and give him browned wheat flour, chocolate and
flax seed tea as drink, and 'wheat or rye flour
gruel to eat, and should he cloy on gruel, give
him a little of the same kind of flour mixed with
cut hay : and should he grow tired of the foremen
tioned drink give him drink of slippery elm
(ground) of the shops, or marsh mallows ; and
do the very best nursing and dosing, right up to
orders all through.

12 KOE ON THE HORSE.

CASTRATION OF COLTS,

- Is apparently at best somewhat barbarous,
and the grand idea is in every case to adopt the
safest and easiest mode, and that attended with
the least risk, least pain, and least inconvenience
to the animal operated on. We will not stop to
discuss the merits of all the various modes of
castration, but will recommend the mode intro-
duced by Dr. Robt. Jennings, of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. This mode is performed with the
instrument known as the Ecrasseur, invented for
the removal of Hemorrhoids (or piles) in jnan.
The advantages of this over all other operations
of this kind, are: That it is safer, less painful,
more scientific, and less barbarous, than any
operation now known. Secondly, heals quicker,
seldom requiring over 10 to 14 days, and some-
times not more than 7 or 8 days. Thirdly, this
operation is attended with less trouble to the
skillful operator, as well as owner, as the colt is
done with as soon as let up. No subsequent
treatment, in commotfis necessary, as in other
methods, such as keeping scrotum open, &c.
Fourthly, but little if any swelling occurs ; the
colt not being perceptibly affected in any way by
this operation. And wherever the public suffi-
ciently rely upon this plan and the skill of the
undersigned to remunerate him fully in an excur-
sion, the services of the undersigned can be
secured for this or any operation warrantable in
veterinary surgery. The undersigned being in
possession of the most approved instruments of

ROE ON TIIK IIOIiSK. 13

the. present day and professing the knowledge
and experience necessary for their use.

Address, " A. H. ROE,

GKAND RAPIDS,

Michigan.

LOLIC,

Is divided into two kinds, Spasmodic and
Flatulent. The causes are set down as follows:
Drinking cold water when the horse is very warm;
change of food, as from old dry corn and hay,
to green corn or grass; exposure to cold air when
in a heated state. There seems to be a prone-
riess, or predisposition in many horses to this
complaint. In my opinion, however, the vast
majority of cases of colic are brought on through
overloading the stomach with hard and indigest-
ible food, where age and abuse have impaired
the digestive powers of that organ, and the food
taken in, instead of imparting its true nourish-
ment to the system, becomes a foreign substance;
ascidulates, Creating through that meansgasseous
substance, which instead of nourishing and up
building the system, (unless speedily changed or
carried off), destroys the life of its victim.

SYMPTOMS.

Of these painful and destructive maladies,
we will first treat the Flatulent form of this dis
ease, which comes on very suddenly ; pulse very
seldom much hurried beyond its natural beat in

14 ROE ON THE HORSE.

first stage of this disease; the limbs and ears
being about the ordinary warmth. If at work,
the horse stops and presents signs of distress ;
lies down or throws himself recklessly down, gets
up, paws, looks round at his side, and throws
himself again, repeating about the same pro-
gramme, until the skillful doctor cures or the
4 'Equine Tragedian" leaves the stage of existence
forever.

TEEATMENT.

That must succeed most infalliably in this
form of Colic, can naturally admit of but little
change from that recommended for spasmodic
colic; the two forms of colic being so nearly
allied that it is often impossible for the most
accurate Diagnosian to draw a true and consist-
ent line of demarkation. But will say that the
present form (Flatulent) must (if possible) receive
more prompt treatment, from the fact of the
alarmingly bloated state often found, in which,
the violent throes of the animal has been known
to rupture the stomach. Double the amount of
every narcotic recommended in spasmodic colic,
wherever the violence of the disease demands-
kill the pain or it will kill the horse.

INFLAMMATION OF STOMACH & BOWELS,

While really one and inseperable in form and
nature, are redundantly and irksomely treated
under both of the above names, which I do not
think admit of any such division, from the fact

KOK ON TIII-; IIOKM;. 15

that their form and nature are identical in almost
f\vry respect— it being impossible that the stom-
ach should be affected without the intestines, or
the intestines and not the stomach.

CAUSES.

Protracted cases of colic often leave the
stomach and bowels in a highly inflamed condi-
tion, with pulse much hurried but very weak,
sometimes hardly perceptible ; legs and ears
cold ; belly very tender to the touch ; constant
pain ; sudden and great prostration ; respiration
more and more quick, and signs of very great
suffering; eyes present a wild, stareing and hag-
gard appearance ; pupils dilated ; sometimes
making such violent ado as to make approach
hazardous. But all of a sudden, from his ap-
parent calmness, his master may imagine that
he is going to recover. But only a momentary
delusion lulls his fears— for all at once he starts
up in the most intense agony, and it is soon evi-
dent that the insidious giant is about reaching
the very vitals of the sufferer ; mortification if
not already begun, now sets in and closes the
scene.

TREATMENT.

If cases of this disease have been incorrectly
diagnosed (and consequently mistreated) or neg-
lected until the above symptoms are present, give
the poor animal something to lull his dying
groans. But if taken in time give him ^ oz, of
Oil Turpentine and 8 grains Valerianate of Mor-
phia in flax seed tea or browned flour gruel, every
4 hours ; and as an alternating fever dose a com-
mon teaspoonful of tincture Aconite, every four

16 ROE ON THE HORSE.

hours, giving first dose of Aconite just two hours
after Turpentine and Morphia. But it is often
best to establish an irritation of the sun.
through thick mustard paste, repeatedly rubbnd
over the belly, or the strong liniment made of
Spirits Ammonia 2 oz., Turpentine 2 oz. and
Spirits of Camphor 2 oz., or any quantity in
same proportion. Keep comfortable and quiet.
Feed bran mash if any appetite, and give flax
seed tea, or browned flour chocolate drink.

SWEENEY,

Is characterized by wasting away of the
muscles of the upper part of the shoulder and is
sometimes attended with lameness, but not
always ; it is not considered among the original
affections, but is the result of sympathetic action
with some other part, unless such violence
through strains, or bruises, or other accidents,
directly affecting the shoulder, have struck it
with such force as to occasion such atrophy.—
This affection, by some, is set down as of very
easy cure, which, in many cases prove true, but
in my observation in regard to this affection
(where a severe strain has taken place especially)
is that it is very difficult (to say the least) of
cure; but will append some of the most success-
ful of the remedies generally applied.

TREATMENT.

Take Aqua Ammonia, Oil of Spike, Spirits
Turpentine, Sweet Oil, and Alcoholic Spirits of

ROE ON THK HORSE. 1 7

Camphor, of each 2 ounces, arid as soon as well
mixed by shaking, apply at least as often as
•/very night and morning, until well; or in case
of failure of above liniment, put in seton as fol-
lows: Take long seton needle, loaded with tape
(or cord, composed of silk or linen thread) tape
or narrow ribbon, however, being preferable,
from 6 to 10 inches long, grab up the skin over
sweenied part with the thumb and lingers, grip-
ing together as closely as possible, (the horse he..
ing securely held by nose twitch), and then pass
needle just between your clenching thumb and
tinge]1 gripe and the breast bone; tie the ends
together, forming loop. Shift the loop round
and cleanse once each succeeding day, and
should the discharge be subsiding before the
muscles appear to be replenished, drop a little
Turpentine into wound, or renew seton as before
described.

RINGBONES,

This is one of the classes of disease styled
Exostosis, or extra bone growth, and is known
by every person at all acquainted with horses as
a circular, rough, bony ring, around the coronet
of the hoof, and one author describes it as an
effort of nature to add to the strength of the
parts, and enable them the better to withstand
too early work or heavy concussion, and are
most commonly found on draft-horses, with up-
right pasterns and small feet. They do not inva-
riably produce lameness, they nevertheless con-

18 ROE ON" THK HORSE.

stitute in the horse market an eye sore, and to say
the least of them, constitute a very disagreeable
species of unsouridriess, for which we propose no
cure but fireing.

BONE SPAVIN,

This consists of a bony enlargement on in-
side of hind knee, or hock joint, and is caused
in young horses by over- work, before the bones
have acquired full strength.

TREATMENT.

In commencement apply cold applications,
as recommended for splint; but in cases of long
standing, after joint is severely affected, and
Tincture of Iodine, Blistering, and Counter-irri-
tants, generally, have failed, use the Actual Cau
tery (or hot iron), or to use the veterinary term-
tire it.

SPLINT,

This is an enlargement on inside of front
leg, just below the knee joint, and almost inva-
riably a disease common -to young horses. It
may sometimes be situated near the pastern, and
may occasionally be found almost encircling the
limb. When immediately under the knee the

ROE ON THE HOK 19

splint is most apt to interfere with the natural
action, or produce lameness. In all cases this
disease commences in the Periosteum — the vascu-
lar membrane covering the bone. Over exertion,
and concussion, in badly shaped limbs, drives to
it an over supply of blood, the parts become hot
arid tender, and lymph is exuded from the in-
flamed vessels, and gradually converted into
bone.

TREATMENT.

In the beginning, while there is much fever,
keep well wet with the following preparation:—
Sugar of Lead 1 oz., dissolved in \ qt. of water,
and an addition of 1 pint of Vinegar, by means
of cloths saturated in foregoing solution, or if
handy to stream or pool of water, let the horse
frequently stand an hour at a time therein.
Leave him idle 20 to 30 days. When the heat
leaves the limb apply the fly -blistering prepara-
tion of the shops, or ointment of Binoiodide of
Mercury, or the hot iron. The foregoing reme-
dies condense and harden the bony deposit, but
do not remove it. Union shortly takes place be-
tween the large and small splint bones; swelling
becomes solid; the lameness disappears, and the
splint still remains, but scarcely ever produces
any subsequent blemish or inconvenience.

RETENTION OF UF^INE.

This may arise from many causes, among
which are driving the animal too long without

20 ROE ON THE HORSE.

stopping to urinate, as well as long exposure to
severe cold; likewise when laboring under severe
and general spasms, as in cramp colic; from cal-
carious accumulations of gravel, or stone in the
bladder, etc., are a few of the many causes of
Retention of the Urine.

SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT.

About the same as those of inflammation of
the Kidneys, and where the pain is very severe,
introduction of Catheter, and one or two blankets
wet in hot water and applied over the kidneys,
and binding first a gum or oil cloth, and then
one to three dry horse blankets (the number to
be guided by the season of the year, arid temper-
ature) in order to get up, if possible, free perspi-
ration and consequent relaxation of the system.
Should the pain arid retention yet continue, give
him 2 ounces Laudanum and 2 of Sweet Spirits
of Nitre in ^ pint new milk, repeating the same
dose often as necessary.

Scoui\s OF^ PURGING,

May be brought on by change of feed or
water, but full oftener from over-driving, until
general exhaustion and relaxation of the system
is brought on, under which circumstances the
bowels frequently become the vulnerable part.

TREATMENT.

This disease is so plain that we neednot des-
cribe its symptoms, but shall proceed at once to

ROE ON THE I.'oKSj;. 21

its remedies. Give 1£ ounces prepared chalk.
and £ drachm Tannin, in combination with one
drachm Extract Logwood, in 1 pint warm water,
repeating dose as often as necessary, and do not
allow the horse to he worked until entirely recov-
ered, as relapses are always hazardous if not
fatal in their tendency.

Are a parasitic formation common to
it not all animals, and may cause the death of
far more animals than is generally supposed by
owners, or doctors.

SYMPTOMS.

A rough, ragged coat, haggard eye, colicky
pains, gasping, debility, sluggish movements,
skin covered with scurvy blotches, small, feeble
pulse, belly drawn up, breathing slow, irregu-
lar appetite, food badly digested, agitation of
the heart, dung coated with mucus, a peculiarly
pale appearance of the fundament, rubbing the
tail. The foregoing symptoms are not common
in all cases.

TREATMENT.

Use worm powders, 1 teaspoonful twice a
for 4 or 6 days, in scalded bran: then give strong
Senna tea and Glauber Salts (dissolve salts in
the tea) sufficient to carry oft1 the contents of the
bowels — and if convenient keep the horse in a
shady pasture.

22 ROE ON THE HOKSK.

POLL EVIL,

This is an affection happening to the horse,
only when his blood is in morbid condition, (as
stated by some authors), but in my opinion and
experience, let the blood be never so pure, and
the horse receive a blow on the prominence, called
the poll, sufficient to cause extravasation at the
Periosteum, suppuration is very liable to result
and should the matter be too long pent up it may
prey upon the bone.

SYMPTOMS.

Swelling and inflammation of the poll, with
great tenderness, lasting sometimes for weeks
and months before it breaks.

TREATMENT.

If matter is already formed, open at once by
making a large incision, but, if the beginning of
swelling use the following liniment: Aqua Am-
monia 2 ounces, Alcoholic Spirits Camphor 4
ounces, Turpentine 2 ounces; with which wash
three times per day and keep covered with an oil
cloth hood. If matter has formed, and been
drawn off, syringing out daily with Castile soap
arid warm soft water, and dress with the follow-
ing preparation, Glycerine 4 ounces and Carbolic
Acid 1 ounce, mix and apply once or twice each
day.

i;oi; ON -I'm: HOUSE. 23

CHOKING,

But rarely happens with the horse, (but fre-
quently) among cattle; and when in the horse,
the treatment must he prompt if successful, and
is always dangerous according to position; lodg-
ment immediately over entnuuv of windpipe
being attended with immediate danger; as it may
suffocate at once.

TREATMENT.

Move the horse sharply and if that does not
excite coughing, let him be jumped over a fence
or some object that will excite violent expiration,
when the air so suddenly rushing in through
Bronchail tubes, must produce a spasmodic ac-
tion of the air cells, which through the violent
coughing produced, may cause the sudden ejec-
tion of the obstacle; but should this likewise
fail, with one hand grasp firmly the windpipe,
shutting off both inspiration and expiration,
until the horse begins to strangle, and suddenly
let go, when he will cough violently and may
throw out the obstruction. Should the last ex-
periment likewise fail, thrust the right hand into
the throat, (the mouth being securely held open)
and if possible, pass the hand or fingers far
enough to grapple the object by the hook formed
by the fingers. But should all the foregoing
efforts fail the only reliance must be in a free
lengthwise incision, right through upon the ob-
struction, just large enough to at once extract it,
when the incision must be closely brought together
and stitched up. Give the horse gruel to eat

24 ROE ON THE HORSE.

until he can safely eat grass, if in grass time,
and if not any kind of food he may best relish.
Let his drink be whatever he appears to best rel-
ish, and if bowels appear costive, give salts in
his drink and plentiful injections of Castile soap-
suds and let him rest until entirely well.

DIABETES.

This takes pi ace more frequently during the
warm season, when thirst is most ardent, and
consequently the greatest natural secretion of
water to the bladder, as well as the accompany-
ing material which often forms the future growth
of stone or calculi in that organ.

CAUSES.

These are almost identical with those of in-
flammation of the kidneys — and particularly
from exposure and sudden straining.

SYMPTOMS.

In the economy of natures continual drain-
ing, the continual and urgent thirst is calculated
to supply the deficiency resulting. The urine in
this disease is very abundant, clear, and color-
less; the animal continually loses flesh, coat be-
comes rough, standing out straight from the body;
his appetite from voracious, fails, and if not soon
relieved, may lead to a complication of diseases.

ROE ON THE HORSW. 25

TREATMENT.

Administer morning and night the following
mixture: Iodide of Potassium 1 drachm, Iodine
1 scruple, Carbonate of Soda 4 drachms, warm
water £ pint — and good nourishing diet.

CALCULI OR STONE IN THE BLADDER,

These deposits may and frequently do exist
long before any serious inconvenience is felt by
their victim.

SYMPTOMS.

Urinate frequently, but in small quantities,
and is of a turbid, yellow, or thick, whitish
color; the animal often looks around at his
sides, paws, kicks its belly, and appears relieved
by changing position.

TREATMENT.

Administer night and morning, 1 drachm of
Muriatic Acid, in a pail of water. Many reme-
dies might be proposed for dissolvidg the calculi
in the Bladder, but I seriously . question the effi-
cacy of any medicinal agent whatever, from the
fact that to administer those powerful medicines,
in strength sufficient to effect those formations in
the bladder, their affect upon the mucus mem-
branes would be far more disastrous than the
remaining of the calculus, and therefore an oper-
ation is the only chance of cure and the sooner it
is performed the better for the victim.
3

26 BOB ON THE HORSE.

L/AMIN1T1S,

In acute stage may be readily known by the
following signs, mz: The animal stands with
his fore feet braced as far forward as possible,
while his hind ones are brought forward under
his body as though in the act of halter pulling;
and his fore feet in such apparent pain that he
is resting as much as possible on hind legs.

CAUSES.

The common causes of this disease are set
down as almost innumerable, a few only of
which we will give, mz: Driving through cold
water in a highly heated state, and stopping be-
fore the horse has recevered from the shock; giv-
ing feed or drink under similar circumstances;
stopping him in an exposed position under like
heated condition and leaving him long exposed
to cold, or cold and "lamp air, as well as many,
other causes not admissible in our brief space.

TREATMENT.

That which Jias always proved most success-
ful is to bleed at once from jugular vein from six
to twelve quarts, according to size, age and con-
dition, after which immediately give 1 to 1% Ibs.
of Glauber Salts, and should Salts not operate
in two or three hours, give the horse the following
injections: — Castile soap-suds without stint, until
a thorough passage is brought on; and instead
of poultices to the feet, would advise that the

ROE ON THE HORSE. 27

horse be placed into a flat, shallow box, filled
with water, into which place the front feet (if not
large enough for all his feet), to the depth of cor-
onet, keeping him in this position for a day or
two, after which (if in warm weather) he may be
turned out in shady, low ground pasture through-
out the day, with a thick, heavy cushion over
each foot, kept well wet, and cushion stuffed with
anything that will hold moisture, or if more con-
venient, tie the animal so that he is forced to
stand with feet in a pool or stream of water part
of each day. Though similar treatment to the
above has been proposed, I have personally wit-
nessed one case where the animal was so badly
foundered that every hoof was lost, and were re-
placed by just as good feet as the original, and
good and serviceable as previously, but always
thought if changed in any way whatever it was
that the carriage of the head might have been
lowered. I name the above as a case in point,
from the fact that my father and myself used the
animal referred to, in the practice of medicine a
number of years after recovery from the terrible
founder alluded to. ;'

TETANUS, OR LOCK-JAW.

This may be brought on by a sudden shock
upon the nervous system, or through violence to
some particular nerve, or ganglion of nerves.
The foregoing remarks are particularly referable
to Traumatic Tetanus, which is caused by injur-
ies so slight as often to have attracted no atten

28 &OE ON THE HORSE.

tion whatever, until through some idiosyncrasy
(peculiarity of constitution), the prick of a nail,
penknife, or even that of less instruments may
strike upon some partipular nerve or nerves, and
bring on this particular. form of this terrible and
painful affection: — while on the other hand Idio-
pathic Tetanus may be brought on through the
influence of cold, heat, wet, intestinal irrita-
tion, etc.

SYMPTOMS.

In this affection of the Horse the nose is
poked out, the tail upraised, muscles hard and
rigid, the gait straddling, and bowels constipa-
ted. But the most prominent and diagnostic
symptom is protrusion of the hair of the eye,
(called membrana nictatans), while the tonic
spasm of the muscles prevents the horse from
opening its mouth. Symptoms in the lower ani-
mals are not as in man, confined to one set of
muscles, or one part of the body, but come on
gradually, reaching the worst in three or four
days; but the more rapidly developed the more
fatal.

TREATMENT,

In this disease treatment has proved gener
ally unsuccessful, from the fact that it is fre-
quently impossible to open the mouth wide
enough to introduce any medicine whatever; but
if any can be taken, would advise, first: Extract
Beladonna 4 drachms, Chloroform 1 oz., to both
of which add 1 drachm Tartar Emetic, dissolved
in -J pint hot water, repeating same dose every 3
or 4 hours. Prepare likewise a strong decoction

ROE ON THE HORSE. 29

of tobacco, in the following way : Plug Tobacco
1 Ib. cut fine, upon which put 2 gallons boiling
water, let it steep 30 minutes, and while hot as
can be borne, saturate the whole body as often
as it dries, giving 1 pint of same, diluted with 1
pint of water once or twice per day, as injection.
Introduce Valerianate of Morphia likewise on
the Hypodermic plan extensively. Let the body
be kept comfortable, in free, healthy air, in noise-
less stalls; and if the horse can open his mouth
to receive nourishment, give him warm gruel
plenty.

f*

IDEBOUND,

This is claimed to be brought on by some
abnormal condition of the system, and the exist
ence of worms in the horse is one of the causes
set down by authors; for cure of which they rec-
ommend condition powders, cathartics and vari-
ous other medicines — the cure of which I have
never seen to fail, (where the horse had a good
appetite) to recover by a plentiful use of the pow-
ders, resulting from the proper mastication and
digestion of oats, rye and corn, with a due
amount of grass or hay, and good care. The
grain however, should be ground^ for either
young or old horses, from the fact that mastica-
tion is imperfect with both. But would recom-
mend the horse to be turned out in good pasture
as much as possible.

This is ascribed to the effect of a very small
jijsect called Acariequas. The skin about the

30 ROE ON THE HORSE.

neck appears as if parched; hair comes off in
spots, leaving rough, scabby patches; the itching
intolerable, causing Almost., constant rubbing
against anything withi ^.ch.

TEE> i MEISTT.

In a clear, warm day, place the horse in the
sun, take scrubbing brush or stiff broom and
Castile soap-suds, and scrub him all over, and as
soon as dry take one quart of Olive Oil and 2
ounces of Coal Oil, and when well mixed, satur-
ate all over, and repeat the same process if nec-
essary.

QPTHALMIA,

Or disease of Optic Nerve.

May be brought on by blows or violence of
any kind to the eye; pulling over-loads; fast
driving, or anything calculated to over-tax the
nerve power. It may likewise be brought on
through sympathetic action of other diseases.

SYMPTOMS.

At peripds varying in different horses, the
pupil of the eye becomes overcast with a clouded
or milky appearance; has more or less fever; ac-
celerated pulse; loss of appetite; a dull and
sleepy appearance; and a partial and sometimes
almost total closure4 of the lids of the eye, while
the pupil is always contracted in a degree cor-
respondent t@ the irritation produced by the ad-
mission of light, and as the disease progresses
their appears a white speck or cloud in the Lens,
behind the Pupil and Iris.

ROE ON THE HORSE. :i 1

TREATMENT.

Place the horse in a dark, cool stable and
wash the eye six or eigMstY\nes per day with a
solution of Sugar of Leaa and Beladona, in the
proportion of 30 grains of .the first to 15 of the
latter, in 1 quart of rainwater; give the horse a
tablespoonful or two of Glauber Salts in each
pail of water, and if he will riot take enough in
that way to keep the bowels open, give by drench,
and injections of soap-suds, and should they be
very much irritated, a seton a little way removed
from the eye, towards the curve of the jaw, has
been extoled as highly efficacious. The idea used
to prevail very generally that wolf teeth (so
called) were the common, if not universal cause
of all natural blindness, and even yet appears to
be entertained by some; never reflecting that the
teeth are just as subservient to the health and
well-doing of the horse as the eye and that they
will be removed in their own natural time with
out any violence.

B.

Is an enlargement which makes its appear-
ance about two inches below the hock, and may
be occasioned by a blow, but in my opinion is
much oftener the result of over straining before
the bone has acquired its full strength. Some
authors have attributed it to straining of the
sheath through which the flexor tendons pass,
but I consider it of much greater importance to
(if possible) seek out the cure, than indulge in
unimportant speculation in reference to cause.

32 ROE ON THE HORSE.

TKEATMENT.

If attended to in time cooling applications,
(such as Sugar of Lead, or Acetate of Zinc, 2 oz.
in 2 quarts of vinegar and 2 of water), or a* far-
thest the use of a counter-irritant Liniment of
Ammonia, Turpentine, Origanum, and Alcoholic
Spirits of Camphor, 2 ounces of each, applied 3
or 4 times a day, may produce the desired effect,
but if neglected until firmly seated, use strong
Tr. Iodine or Binioiodide of Mercury, 2 drachms
to 1 ounce of lard, to be rubbed over part affected
two or 3 times per day, until blistered; but once
or twice on the young, thin-skinned animal, is
all that is necessary, and let this precaution
always be kept in mind, not on any account to
allow the ointment to spread upon the surround-
ing sound parts.

M

OUTH.

This is an overlapping of the upper jaw and
projection of upper front teeth, which naturally
suggests the similarity to the parrots bill. If this
interferes with eating the extra length should be
removed with saw or tooth shears. They are
sometimes tolerable keepers and fair workers,
but do not think they can ever be brought to any-
thing near perfect mastication, and to say the
least of them are greatly depreciated in value.

FISTULA OF THE WITHEF\S.

Belongs to the same class of diseases as
Poll Evil, and is brought on by blows, bruises,

ROE ON THE HOUSE. 38

saddle galls, — and requires the same treatment as
Poll Evil

OTOMACH

STAGGEI\S,

This is claimed to be caused by overloading
the stomach of the hearty feeder, without exercise
enough to keep digestive organs in motion, and
on the contrary inducing a virtual paralysig
through over-distention of that organ, which
(when in health) is to the human system what the
great balance wheel is to the machine.

SYMPTOMS.

The horse appears drowsy, but every no\\
and then disposed to push forward, unless hin
dered by wall, manger, or some object so strong
as to resist his passage. As the disease advan
ces to the second stage, the horse becomes frorr
drowsy to sleepy; the drowsiness sometimes be
coming so strong that it is almost impossible tc
arouse him; will sometimes take a mouthful o
hay or feed and drop into a deep sleep before i
is swallowed. Constipation being one of tin
strongest symptoms in this disease, we must opei
our treatment by active cathartics.

TREATMENT.

Give 1 pint of Linseed Oil, with 20 drops o
Crolon Oil, or 1 drachm. Calomel, shaken wel
through it; give injections of warm soap-suds ii
five or six hours, and should the former dose no
operate add handfull of salt; rub and bandag<

34 ROE ON THE HORSE.

limbs and use the following liniment about the
head and along the whole course of the spine,
bountifully, mz: 2 ounces Aqua Ammonia, 2
ounces Turpentine, 1 ounce Oil Origanum, 2
ounces strong Spirits of Camphor. See that the
bowels are actively moved by above means, and
should you not be able to get the ingredients for
above liniment at once, use Spirits of Turpentine
or Aqua Ammonia plentifully over the spinal
column and about the head. But, if in spite of
all the following means, the horse is becoming
worse and warse, plunging against everything
within reach and apparently indifferent to every-
thing about him, hopeless inflammation has sie-
zed him — and the sooner he is shot the better — as
recovery is impossible.

T

HOROUGHPIN,

This is a disease sometimes identified with
Bog (or Blood Spavin), but so distinct in situa-
tion, as to demand (at least) a separate and dis-
tinct name; for while Bog Spavin, like Bone
Spavin, is always found on the inside of hind
leg, just below the knee (or hock joint) and is
easily compressible outwards and inwards, and
if the same kind of remedies recommended for
Bog Spavin do riot cure, mz: (Iodine and the
Rubber bandage, to the extent of causing adhe-
sion), there is but very little hope of ever being
able to effect a cure at all.

ROE ON THE HORSE. 35

SPI\AI

LlN

Of the Hinder Sinews of the Legs.

The horse is suddenly very lame, growing
worse all the time if used.

SIGNS.

By passing the hand over the hinder tendons
(alluded to in heading) you will find them some-
what enlarged and proportionately inflamed.

TKEATMEMT.

Use cooling and stringent washes, mz: Acet-
ates of Zinz or Lead, 2 ounces of either, to first
be dissolved in ^ gallon cold water, and adding
2 quarts strong vinegar, with which bathe several
times per day for 3 or 4 days, and if you do not
see some decided improvement after that time has
passed, prepare the following, mz: 1 quart Al-
cohol, Camphor Gum 2 ounces, Turpentine 2
ounces, Resin Soap 1 Ib. Shave the soap as fine
as possible, and put in large, stout bottle and
agitate until thoroughly dissolved, when it may
be applied 3 or 4 times a day, rubbing in well
with the hand. If after all the foregoing means
the horse does not much improve, bandage the
limb firmly flannel and add -J- as much Aqua
Ammonia to your liniment as you have remain-
ing of liniment and apply in frequency as before,
over bandage.

36 KOE ON THE HOUSE.

CAI\IES OF THE T

This is often mistaken for Glanders and other
very disagreeable and fatal maladies, and may
be known by fetid discharge from one or both
nostrils; food dropping from mouth only par-
tially masticated, or discharged from bowels im-
perfectly digested. In proof of the oft mistaken
diagnosis in reference to this affection we will
name two or three of the fatal mistakes of even
eminent Veterinarians, in this affection, given by
Dr. Jennings, on this important subject, mz:
One case of a 7 years old horse, killed as a glan-
dered horse in 1853, but discharge from one nos-
tril found to emanate from one carious tooth, of
which there . yet remained enough to prove the
fatally mistaken diagnosis. Another case in
point in 1859, of a horse pronounced Grlandered,
but on examination found two first Molar teeth
carious, the result of which was closure of one
nostril and formation of an immense tumor on
same side of (right side) head. Both foregoing
cases were found in one of the dead yards of
Philadelphia, Pa., where those unfortunate vic-
tims are accumulated to extract, by boiling, what-
ever oil they may possess; to which we might
add many instances as fatal to owners, through
the same kind of oversight, or ignorance of Vet-
erinaries, or stupidity or carelessness of owners.

TREATMENT.

In short, is to avoid all the consequent calam-
ities, by careful examination, which only can
lead to correct diagnosis; which will invariably

ROE ON THE HORSE. 37

lead to the only correct and decisive practice—
which is, always to extract each and every
decayed tooth at onc^.

N. B. — I might cite two cases corroborative
of the above cases by Jennings, in ray own prac
tice, but have not the space required in this littlp
work.

INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS,

Many causes are assigned, among which we
will give the following: Strains over region of
the kidneys, cold and heat.

SYMPTOMS.

Some increase over natural heat; disinclina-
tion to move, and tenderness to pressure over
kidneys. His head is attracted to the side as-
though in misery; stands with hind legs wide
apart and straddles as he walks; urinates in
small quantities, with a mixture of blood; the
attempt to urinate becomes more frequent, and
the animal strains violently, the quantity being
continually smaller. While the pulse in first
stage was not greatly changed from normal in
firmness, it is now greatly quickened, often rising
to 100, but weak and feeble.

TREATMENT.

Where the horse is young, fat and strong,
bleed on the first to third day, from 1 to 2 gal-
lons, from jugular vein, according to age, size

38 ROE ON Til'. -ORSE.

and condition — but never bleed an old and feeble
horse — and give three times per day, Fluid Ex-
tract Buchu % ounce, Balsam Copaiba in 1 pint
soda water, and apply mustard and vinegar over
kidneys. While there is much fever give 20 drops
Tincture Aconite, on the tongue, every two or
three hours. Friction to the limbs and banda-
ges are recommended by some, and keeping the
body well blanketed. After having used mustard
and vinegar to the extent of producing some
counter irritation over the kidneys, apply poul
tice of hops and vinegar over same parts, or
what is about the same thing in virtue, is to
make a strong tea of hops and poppy leaves and
seeds and wet woolen cloths in that liquor, with
some vinegar added, while the tea is about as
hot as the hands can bear, re-wetting as often as
they cool off. We must now warn the attendant
that the bowels must not be neglected, which
must be moved by Sweet Oil, Linseed Oil or
Glauber Salts, after which give inj ections of To-
bacco, Laudanum and Slippery Elm, repeated as
occasion requires. Give mucilaginous drinks,
with heaping tablespoonful of soda to each pail-
full drank. Bran mash and flour gruel diet,
with best of nursing.

LATARRH, OR J^

Is of frequent occurrence, and may end seri-
ously, if not attended to timely.

SYMPTOMS.

The ordinary symptoms are, pulse somewhat
quickened, some discharge from nose and eyes;

ROE H -i.TIIK HORBK. 39

rough coat, poor appetite, and more or less
cough, which if neglected, often becomes serious,
if not dangerous.

TREATMENT.

Give Aconite 30 to 40 drops in a little water,
as often as necessary, at intervals of two hours,
keeping horse well blanketed in comfortable
stable. Nurse careful ty and feed bran mashes.
If there is much inflammation of the throat, use
liniment of Aqua Ammonia 2 ounces, Oil Ori-

§anum 1 ounce, Camphorated Spirits 1 ounce,
pirits Turpentine 1 ounce; use 3 or 4 times each
day, by bathing well under throat and about the
jaws; or make a thick mustard paste by scald-
ing the mustard with just boiling water enough
to wet it, cover and let steep 5 or 10 minutes and
add just vinegar sufficient to form a paste that
will adhere to the hair and skin, with which daub
well under throat and about the chest repeating
as often as necessary. Continue bran mashes
and give the horse flax seed tea to drink — and
with good nursing he will soon recover.

)

This is known by soreness of throat and
stiffness of neck, followied by swelling of throat
* and under jaw. The mucus membrane of nose
is more or less inflamed and some discharge;
swelling so great sometimes as almost to SJiflo-
cate, with very little appetite or disposition to
drinK.

40 ROE ON THE HORSE.

TREATMENT.

If through persevering use of following lini-
ment you cannot prevent abcess, viz: Aqua Am-
monia, Spirits Turpentine, Alcoholic Spirits Cam-
phor, of each 2 ounces, well united, and thor-
oughly tried, proceed to poultice at once with
bran or corn meal, changing every 4 or 5 hours,
until it points towards knife or breaks. Let
your medicine after suppuration is established be
plenty of good nourishing feed and good nursing
—tonics inclusive.

CRIB-BITING AND WIND- SUCKING,

I think this is oftener the result of hunger
than from any other cause, if not than all the
combined causes; but will not stop to discuss
the causeology, but proceed to its remedies.

TREATMENT.

As this long continued habit almost invaria
bly impairs the digestion and consequent useful-
ness of the horse, it is highly important first to
say to the stock grower to never allow his colts
to run dry or hungry, from the fact that cribbiting
and wind- sucking are always the result of abuse
or neglect of this noble animal in the domestica-
ted state, and a thing unknown to the horse in
his native state. But where this unhappy prac-
tice has been acquired, COT; r all catch able objects
witliin his reach with sheel iron, and place a re-
volving roller above the front of the manger, just

ROE ON THE HORSK. 41

within his reach, so that his teeth will slide off
whenever he attempts to grapple it, and leave
nothing to lay hold of within his reach, but
plenty of feed and drink.

Spasmodic Action of the Diaphragm (Thumps).

This is brought on by working the horse
until unstrung, nature alone not possessing ner-
vous energy enough to restore the system to nat-
ural action, the arterial system becomes uncon-
trolable.

SYMPTOMS.

A sudden jerking and twitching of the mus-
cles, particularly of the sides and flanks; pulse
wiry, hurried and low, more or less fever, ex-
tremities natural.

TREATMENT.

This disease being spasmodic in character,
but in this case of a nervous nature; and conse-
quently the remedies must be such as to allay
nervous excitement. Give Tincture Digitalis 30
drops, Tincture Assafoetida 2 ounces, both put
into £ pint warm water, and repeated if neces-
sary every two hours. Keep horse warm ; feed
bran mash and grass if in grass season.

BLEEDING.

j

In general, if not almost universally, bleed
from jugular vein in following manner: Shave
the hair off about the size/of a dime, 3 or 4 inches
4

42 ROE ON THE HORSE.

below the angle of the jaw; take spring lance
with a large phlegm, and as soon as the vein is
made sufficiently prominent by bandage around
the neck, just below point selected for bleeding,
or tightly pressing your finger upon the vein and
placing phlegm of lancet lengthwise with vein,
make a large and free opening, that the blood
may be quickly extracted. When the desired
quantity of blood is taken, bring the edges of
the opening together with thumb and finger, and
pass a sharp pointed pin through them, and
with a thread or tail hairs, wind between the pin
and tail hairs until the opening is closed up.
Do not bleed from same opening beyond four or
five hours afterwards, but open in another place.

PHYSICTNG,

Preparation of the system through bran
mash a day before giving the horse physic is
claimed to augment the effect of any given cathar-
tic medicine, and likewise, is not so liable to ex-
cessive action on the system. If the horse ap-
pears to be enjoying good health, and has a good
appetite, however, I always question seriously
the practice of giving physic, my theory being
that nothing is needed with the sound, healthy,
good feeder, but plenty of good nourishing feed,
and good care to loosen hide, when tight, as you
must know that when the horse gets very thin in
flesh, every part of his system naturally and
comparatively contracts (stomach and intestines
as well), and that when the horse that has always

BOB ON THE HORSE. 43

been thin in flesh, in the hands of the sparing
keeper, changes to the stable of the good keeper,
yon very soon find his hide loosening without
any medicine, but that found in every well sup-
plied granary. It has been the theory of a great
many excellent stock growers that it is better for
the horse to be allowed to run down in flesh at
least once a year, and there is no doubt what-
ever that from man to the most minute of the
biped or quadruped, that the more fleshy, and
the longer they remain in that particular state,
the more indolent they naturally become; par-
ticularly with brutes, where nature alone, and
not the force of circumstances, or ambition to
acquire wealth steps in, and impels to physical
energy. But if actually requiring physic, give
the horse by drench in as little water as will dis-
solve from £ to 1 Ib. of Glauber Salts, repeated
as often as necessary, or Barbadoes Aloes, from
1 to 2 ounces, according to age and size, repeat-
ing dose as often as required.

BOTS AND WORMS,

The former of these (Bots) has in all former
ages been considered one of the direst calamities
that has ever infested the horse; and there is
probably nothing in all the round of natures ills
less understood than this subject, which by men
of the greatest science and research of the pres-
ent day are considered harmless, unless accumu
lated in such numbers in the stomach as to im-
pair digestion; and we may say of worms, tha

44 ROE OK THE HORSE.

farther than the nourishment they naturally ab-
sorb, they can only prove dangerous when con-
centrated in such quantities as to form ganglions
(or knots) which have been known, even to clog
up the natural passages.

SYMPTOMS.

A rough and dull coat, and often an irritable
state of the bowels, followed by discharge of
mucus, accompanied with colicky pains, and the
animal presenting a general thriftless appear-
ance.

TREATMENT.

Give the horse, in feed of midlings, or chop-
ped grain, night and morning, a ^ drachm of
Black Antimony, with one or two heaping table
spoonfuls of Epsom Salts and a hand full of
salt, or give the salts in his drink and the salt on
his feed, or in his feed trough between feeds.
About the second or third day if worms and bots
are not passing away, take of Barbadoes Aloes
3 drachms, and Assafoetida 1^ drachms, dissolve
and rub down as fine as possible in 1 pint of
warm water, adding 40 drops of Oil of Malefern
and ^ ounce of Turpentine, repeating the dose
each night and morning for two days, and on the
morning of the third day give a pound to 1£ Ibs.
Glauber Salts (according to size of horse), repeat-
ing same practice if necessary.

PNEUMONIA,

This oft fatal disease, unless correctly diag-
nosed at once, and as promptly and decisively

ROE ON THE HORSE. 45

treated, will assuredly prove one of the most
fatal of all diseases of the Horse, as well as its
victims among all animals.

SYMPTOMS.

The appetite dull, not inclined to move, pulse
about 50 and weak; a little appearance of in-
flammation of the mucus membrane of the nos-
trils, and only just perceptible irritation of that
of the eyes; urine scanty and highly colored;
the discharges of the bowels hard, and contain
considerable mucus. After a few days the mucus
membranes of the nose and eyes are more in-
flamed; pulse hurried; discharges from one or
both nostrils; respiration more hurried. From
sixth to eighth day a copious flow of urine,
which is more transparent and watery; legs
swell, and there is a dropsical secretion under
the belly, after or during which, the horse may
have lameness in one fore-leg, which may be fol-
io wed by lameness in the other.

TREATMENT.

Is to cure with the least possible reduction
of natural strength. Give Aconite, 30 drops on
the tongue every two or three hours, and Emetic
Tartar in his drink, two or three times each day,
in 1 to 2 drachm doses, according to age size and
condition. Let his drink be Slippery Elm or
Flax Seed tea, as often as he desires; keep well
blanketed, and feed bran mash, or chopped
wheat in the same way. If the treatment above
named does not allay the inflammation use a
strong mustard paste under throat, along down
the neck and breast and back of fore legs, rub-
bed well into the hair, or the following liniment

46 ROE ON THE HORSE.

Aqua Ammonia 2 ounces, Turpentine 2 ounces,
Strong Spirits of Camphor, (Alcoholic Spirits of
Camphor) 1 ounce, and Sweet Oil Bounce. Shake
thoroughly together and apply over same parts
as directed for application of mustard.

N. B. — It looks somewhat barbarous, but I
have in cases neglected (until it had resolved into
kill or cure at a single dose or application)
wrapped the animal in a blanket doubled 3 or 4
thicknesses and blistered at once, by pouring
boiling water under blanket into the hair — estab-
lishing counter -irritation and thereby saving the
horse.

FEIT,

Is a disease resembling very much, Nettle
rash in children, and is ascribed to derangement
of the digestive organs.

CAUSES.

Among its common causes are cold water in
excessive draughts; sudden changes to indigesti-
ble food, but often comes on without any appar-
ent cause — occurring more frequently in the
spring and fall — sometimes prevailing as an epi-
zootic. Tumors about the size of small beans,
containing watery fluid, are found over the body
or limbs, causing intolerable itching, but, con-
trary to other skin diseases, in general, are not
contagious.

ROE ON THE HORSE. 47

TREATMENT.

Purge well with Glauber Salts, and feed con-
dition powders, a tablespooriful twice a day, or
powdered Hyposulphite of Soda, a teaspoonful
three times a day, and wash three times per day
with salt water, made not very strong.

IAUNDICE, OR YELLOW

Is known by yellowish appearance of skin,
occasioned by the bile not being properly car-
ried off, but is absorbed by the cutaneous vessels
—thereby impregnating the whole superficial
system; the skin, flesh, and every part if dis-
cernable would be found overcharged with biliary
matter.

SYMPTOMS.

The white of the eyes, nose and month, will
present the first symptoms, as well as seen in the
urine. Previous, however, to the above positive
signs, it may be observed that the horse is dull
and indolent in his movements, and when stand-
ing droops his head forward, becomes weaker
and weaker; eyelids close and he shows less dis-
position to move, reels, and sometimes falls, in
attempting to walk; pulse faster, disturbed res-
piration, bowels costive, and urine through the
whole course of the disease, scant and yellow.

TREATMENT.

If in grass time, turn the horse out where he
has a mixture of dandelion, and if not improv-

48 ROE ON THE HORSE.

ing on this treatment, give Poctophyllin 1 scru-
ple, and Glauber Salts £ lb., repeating dose
twice per day until the bowels are relaxed, after
which give just often enough to keep up relaxa-
tion; likewise Acetate of Potash in drink, or
drench to the amount of 6 drachms to 1 ounce
per day according to age and size.

PLEJRITIS, OF^ PLEURISY,

This is brought on by about the same causes
as those producing Pneumonia, and not necessary
to repeat them.

SYMPTOMS.

Serous membrane lining the chest, called
pleura, (which covers the lungs), is the part par-
ticularljr inflamed in this disease. The principal
symptoms are shivering, hot mouth, and other
signs of fever; disinclination to move; rapid,
firm, corded pulse; an occasional short, painful
cough; hurried, shallow, careful breathing, some-
times followed by sigh or grunt, To shield this
thin and delicate membrane (the pleura) when
inflamed, the belly is drawn up as a bracing pal-
liator — bracing against the painful vibrations
upon that membrane in every act of respiration.
Pressure between the ribs gives pain, and appli-
cation of ear, just back of fore-leg, discovers a
rough, rasping sound. The horse frequently
looks round at his sides during first few days,
paws, and breathes jerkingly, but after three or
four days appears easier and more cheerful.

ROE ON THE HORSE. 49

Often however, about this time or a day or two
later, the hidden mischief is developed in serous
effusions from the blood to the Thorax, and ere
long that cavity is filled with watery fluid; the
breathing is now short and labored, with flap-
ping of nostrils; lifting of the sides; small, ir-
regular pulse, and swelling of the legs. If the
chest is not so full as to threaten suffocation, and
through diuretic means the water is passing off,
and chest disgorging, the animal may recover,
but the chances of recovery are very doubtful.

TREATMENT.

\

In the inflamatory stage the same as in
pneumonia, with the addition of Nitre given con
tinually in the drink of the pleuritic victim, with
a little tincture Digitalis. Nitre 1 drachm, Tinc-
ture Digitalis 20 drops to each pail of water. In
some stubborn cases the fluid is obliged to be
drawn off by tapping, in. which operation the
Trocar is introduced between seventh and eighth
ribs. But if the breathing is improving and the
horse apparently better in every way under use
of Nitre and Digitalis, do not tap, but rely on
nature and nursing.

BROKEN WIND,
HEAVES, AND PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.

All of the above names stand for a structural
malady, evinced by two expirations to one in-
spiration; with a hollow, muffled, or apparently
suppressed cough, and on lowering days, and
such as possess but little vitality, you will

50 ROE ON THE HORSE.

always find symptoms most aggravated, and
know at once by dilatation of the nostrils; vio-
lent heaving of the flanks, ribs and abdominal
muscles, which are all brought into action
through the double expiration. It is claimed
that this disease (or rather complication of dis-
eases) is brought on by over-distention of the
stomach and consequent pressure against the
diaphragm, which presses upon the Lungs
thereby occasioning rupture of the air cells, and
must unavoidably bring on some form of the
above complication — which, when it presents in
the form of Heaves — may be cured if on their
first appearance the horse be put upon wet feed,
or turned out to grass, without any use whatever
until entirely free from cough. I have seen one
or two breeds of horses that whenever they took
the distemper while young, were sure to come out
of it with broken wind; which proves, I think
that there is much more in hereditary taint than
is generally imagined. If we can confidently
offer one single plan for the cure of Heaves, I am
satisfied that it rests alone in turning the animal
into a low ground pasture (if in grass season) or
if in season of dry feed, only give corn blades,
clean straw, marsh or timothy hay as fodder,
(well dampened in every case) and not too much
of any kind — observing strictly to tie in such po-
sition that he cannot get down to his bedding,
nor possibly get to any dust (which must be
scrupulously swept out of reach daily) and give
him cut and ground feed, always well wet and
allowing no one to use him until you have per-
sisted in any or all of the foregoing means at
least three or four months, by which time if not
improved his case may be set down among the
hopeless.

ROE ON TI1K HOUSE. 51

P

1ARRHOEA,

This may be caused by any indigestible sub-
stance taken into the stomach, and likewise by
change of drink — as from sott to hard water.
Certain breeds of a loose and gangling make,
and old and worn out liorses in particular, are
undoubtedly more prone to this, as well as scours,
than the iirm and tightly made horse, and may
I not say more liable to all diseases and blem-
ishes. Green food taken in excess, of certain
kinds, and likewise from general debility brought
on by other diseases.

SYMPTOMS.

Frequent discharges of thin, watery stools,
and not always in large quantities; attended
often, but not always, with more or less pain and
griping. It is often natures plan for driving out
irritating and injurious matter from stomach and
bowels — which if left to ferment — is liable to
carry away mucus coating of stomach and bow-
els, thereby making them an easy prey to every
irritating substance.

TREATMENT.

If there is much straining, and but little dis-
charge, give \ pint of Linseed Oil, with ten grains
of Valerianate of Morphia, repeating same dose
in 5 or 6 hours if not relieved. Should purging
be violent however, accompanied witli much ap
parent distress — take Valerianate of Morphia
10 grains, Extract of Logwood 2 drachms, and
Tannin 15 grains, in 1 pint flax seed tea; repeat-

52 ROE ON THE HORSE.

ing and doubling either of above doses if the
symptoms demand. When a great amount of
mucus is being discharged, and inflammation is
apprehended in the case use my counter-irritant
liniment, mz: Spirits Ammonia 2 ounces, Alco-
holic Spirits of Camphor 2 ounces, Turpentine 2
ounces, and as soon as well blended by agita-
tion, saturate the body over stomach and bow-
els, repeating two or three times per day, keep-
ing covered with oil cloth to prevent evapora-
tion. Nurse carefully and feed a little rye
bran, two or three times per day, with the marsh
or timothy hay the horse will eat.

LAMENESS IN THE COFFIN JOINT,

Probably there is no lameness that ever
affected the horse, so dark and baffling to the
horseman, and even to the skill of the scientific
and experienced Veterinarian, as this most blind
and insidious disease. This joint is composed
of three bones: — Os Pedis, Navicular and Small
Pastern bones, in which are seated this lameness,
which is known by the horse walking by purchas-
ing upon the sound limb, and only touching the
tip-toe of affected foot, in which the inflamma-
tion has sometimes run so high as to bring about
suppuration and anchilosis of that joint. In
cases protracted, the frog is almost obliterated,
arid where the cause of lameness appears posi-
tively in that joint, pick up the foot and move
it every possible way, to learn what particular
motion gives most pain, and there is no one test

ROE ON THE HORSE. 53

that is likely to develop so much knowledge of
the positive seat where Navicular lameness is
suspected as twisting the foot in your examina-
tions, which will cause more or less flinching in
this affection.

TREATMENT.

Raise heel of shoe, and keep foot wrapped
in heavy cloth, saturated with Alum or Sugar of
Lead water, 1 ounce of either to 1 gallon of cold
water, binding on cloth so as to completely cover
the coronet, or keep foot confined in broad, flat
box, made water tight, and continually submer-
ged in cold water. In cases of long standing,
counter-irritation by means of liniment composed
of Ammonia 2 ounces, Turpentine 1 ounce, and
Alcoholic Spirits Camphor 1 ounce, may be
strongly applied and often repeated over the
coronet. Blistering however with the fly prepar-
ations of the shops have proved more effective
sometimes than all other means; and cases of
slight, but long standing lameness of this kind,
have often recovered on slow, careful use, after
all advised means had apparently failed alto-
gether.

PNASAI\CA, ot\ DP^OPSY,

May embrace the limbs, skin, and external
parts only, or in other cases may take in the whole
system; and is known by more or less swelling
of the limbs in some cases only; while in others
there is a general accumulation of watery fluid

54 ROE ON THE HOUSE.

in the whole cellular tisssue of the muscular sub-
stance, not only (that is in all the minute cavities
of the flesh) but, likewise, taking in the cavities
of the chest and abdomen.

SYMPTOMS.

Distension of the belly; sometimes rather
loose and flabby, while in other cases it is hard
and tense. Accumulated state may be discovered
by placeing the hands on abdomen, alittle apart
and pressing down with both alternately, and
where the fluctuations are at once discovered
under the fingers. Percussion produces a dull
dead sound instead of the lively drum-like reson-
ance of the bowels. Urine scanty; impaired ap-
petite and digestion; deep and excited breathing;
growing steadily worse in condition; hair dry,
rough, erect and often shedding; swellings along
lower part of body, embracing chest and limbs.

TREATMENT.

Where true cause is founded in general de-
bility, through impoverished state of fluids, the
various preparations of Iron, Fowler's Solution,
&c., must be used, in connection with the most
active diuretics; such as Digitatis, Pulverized
Squills, Oil Turpentine, Iodide Potassum and
Nitre; in heavy doses as can be borne, in chop-
ped rye or wheat, or in drink, or by drench,
as case may demand. Added to foregoing, give
plentifully of Salts; feeding him plenty of Bur-
dock and -Dandef lion and turning him out to
grass if available.

ROE ON THE HOUSE. 55

BRONCHITIS,

Is an inflammation of tlie mucus lining of the
Bronchial tubes, and, while often a result of
other diseases, (those of the lungs), it unfortu-
nately often presents in an original and formid-
able shape.

SYMPTOMS.

Irritation and very annoying tittilation in
Bronchial regions; a disagreeable painful cough;
hurried breathing; short, quick pulse; and is
often accompanied with a rattling sound which
is readily discovered on placing your ear at the
side of the chest just behind the fore leg.

TREATMENT.

Place in a well ventilated stall that is not
subject to sudden blasts of piercing air, if in
winter, but, if in summer keep him in the coolest
and most airy stall the stable contains; only
observing strictly that it is not impregnated with
a damp air. If the horse has much fever give 1
teaspopnful of Tr. Aconite and Sweet Spirits
Nitre in equal proportion every hour until
febral excitement subsides; apply paste of
Mustard and Vinegar by rubbing well in the
hair over bronchial region, and, likewise over the
chest where there is any apparent threatening of
pleura or lungs. Clothe the horse according to
state of atmosphere, and, should he be growing
weaker, give 1 ounce of Sweet Spirits of Nitre
and the same quantity of Aromatic Spirits of
Amonia 3 times per day in £ pint of cold water.

56 ROE ON THE HORSE.

Give strictest adherance to all the foregoing di-
rections, nursing and pampering appetite to the
uttermost with the best and most nourishing
food.

WYDF^OTHOF\AX. OR PF^OPSY OF THE

LHEST,

Is a disease where the natural food failing to
be properly nutrified, aquified, and the result is
accumulation of watery fluid in the throacic
cavity; and when positively indicated by the
following symptoms very rarely, if ever, curable;
viz: Animal standing straddled; the breathing
short and quick; as the accumulation increases
breathing more labored; pulse small and quick;
staggering gait; breast, belly and sheath swelled
leaving impression or indentation from pressure
of the fingers; application of the ear to the side
discovering no gurgitations or rattling sounds.

FARCY

Is often regarded as the forerunner of glan-
ders, and while set down among the curable af-
fections it must not be neglected too long or it is
certain to end in the same terrible disease. It
has been satisfactorily demonstrated that Farcy
may produce the Glanders and Glanders Farcy.

ROE ON" THE HORSE. 57

There are two varieties of Farcy : the first of
which we will style Button Farcy, confined to
the lymphatic vessels of the skin and readily
yields to medical treatment; the other variety
appears on the extremities, and, generally, on
the outside of hind legs which become completely
engorged. The swelling, or eruption, in this
stage is very uneven and lumpy, excessively
tender and painful to the touch. If neglected
small abscesses are formed, and, if not speedily
arrested, soon cover the whole body, when they
very soon, if not already, defy all skill.

TREATMENT.

The treatment recommended is Sulphate of
Copper 2 drachms combined with the same
amount of Fluid Tincture of Gentian. Should
foregoing not succeed in a short time, try Corro-
sive sublimate in 10 to 15 grain doses two or
three times per day, which doses have been ad-
vantageously increased to a scruple or £ drachm
dose. If much debilitated give Calomel in £
drachm doses instead of Sublimate, or Sulphu-
rate of Mercury may be substituted. The use of
Arsenic has been highly extoled, but Muriate of
Baryta in -J drachm doses most successful of all.
If he wilt not take medicine in his drink, dose
in one pint of Flaxseed tea. Open tumors timely,
and dress twice per day with Mercurial Ointment.
Hub inflamed parts with the same Ointment as
often. Feed good nourishing diet, changing to
grass if possible, with unwavering attention if
you expect or wish to save your horse.

58 ROE ON THE HORSE.

BRONCHOCEL, OR GOITRE.

Is an enlargement of thyroid glands imme-
diately under the jaw, and is attributed to the
Lime and Magnesia contained in the water where
most prevalent, It is often found in New York,
Pennsylvania, and all states or districts where
the waters are impregnated with the forenamed
principles.

SYMPTOMS.

The horse presents tv/o distinct enlargements
in this disease, which are frequently greatly aug-
mented in horses of poor keepers. The weaker
part in horses, as well as man, always being to
reflection of other diseases. The swelling is at
first soft, gradually becomes firm, tense, resis-
tant, and if cut into is found, in many cases,
even gritty.

TREATMENT.

Give rain water to drink, and use Iodine
freely on an empty stomach, and likewise over
the swelling. Weak solutions may be ejected
into the tumor by means of the Hypodermic
Syringe.

GrLANDEE^S.

Is, and has, in all ages been considered (if
possible) the most fatal and loathsome of all

ON TIII-: IIOUSH. 59

diseases, and so contagious in its nature as to
render it the terror of all horsemen. It is so
contagious in its nature as to even endanger the
human species.

SYMPTOMS.

Discharges from one or both nostrils of a
thick glossy nature, frequently adhering to the
nose in considerable quantities, but discharges
not always profuse as might be inferred; and the
Schneiderian Membrane, or lining of the nose,
always becomes of a dusky, leaden hue; ulcers
appear upon the membrane; a remarkable
raising of the nasal bones, observed in no other
affection; one, or both, of the submaxillary
glands enlarged and adhere to the jawbone. Too
much reliance must not be placed on above
named swelling however, as the same (or much
similar) enlargement may often be seen in other
diseases. This is one of those terrible maladies
that has in all ages past, and, we greatly fear,
will in all the fnture continue to not only baffle
but to defy all the science and ingenuity of the
Veternarv world. No treatment.

EPIDEMIC CEREBF^O SPINAL MENEN-
GETIS — CEBE^P SPINAL

Is Characterized by inflammation of the sub-
stance and covering of the brain and spinal cord
in horses. Sometimes prevailing extensively in
livery stabh-s or cities from cause acting gener-

60 KOE ON THE HOUSE.

ally, while true cause is unknown. In many
cases debilitating conditions, like unwholesome
food or water; overwork; sudden exposure to in-
tense heat, or suddenly induced plethora will
serve as immediate excitants of the morbid pro-
cess. It may occur alike at any, or every, season
in this country ; but has never been identified in
Europe.

SYMPTOMS.

Are varied according to the case. Some are
seized suddenly with cramps of the voluntary
muscles, especially those of the neck and hind
limbs, which soon give place to general palsy of
motor and senory. In other cases, the onset is
slow. There may be trembling, dullness and
lassitude for some hours, or days, or some local
paralysis, like that of the throat or lips, incapa-
citating the animal from swallowing liquids, or
causing profuse slavering. But sooner or later
in all cases alike, paralysis sets in and the ani-
mal is barely able to support itself, or, if worse,
lies prostrate on its side, with limbs extended
and placid. If the case is to prove fatal, coma
and confirmed stupor usually precede death.
But, if instead of foregoing fatal symptoms the
appetite is preserved throughout and restoration
of the general health precedes the disappearance
of palsy, sometimes by several months. The
pulse throughout is little varied, being usually
slow and soft at first, and weaker and more
rapid as the disease advances. Breathing, at
first little affected, becomes deep and stertorious as
coma sets in. The surface temperature is cool,
and that in rectum usually natural. The bowels
are generally costive; urine unchanged, and may

V
ROE ON THE HOUSE. 61

pass involuntarily. Tenderness of the spine ni;iy
sometimes be detected by percussion, and will
guide to the positive seat of the disease.

TREATMENT.

The judicious practitioner must be prepared
to judge from symptoms whether the case is sus-
ceptible of treatment, and I have in cases ap-
parently hopeless, entirely at first sight, found
nothing so efficatious as the, copious use of Tur-
pentine or^Aqua Amonia about tlib top of head
and along the course of the spine, and in any
extreme case I should not fail to try the efficacy
of Strychnine externally, in combination with
Ammonial frictions along the spine, but likewise
give it in grain doses in combination with Sul-
phuric Ether and Tincture of Capsicum, each 1
drachm, in 1 pint of Flaxseed Tea three or four
times per day. Should the horse's appetite be
very poor, and strength declining, add 30 grains
Quinine to each above described dose, and where
the above remedies fail and great nerve prostra-
tion exists I would advise the use of the Galvanic
Battery. Should the pain be severe use Sulphate
Morphia or Chloral-hydrate; and in the earlier
stages give Bromide Potassium and Fluid Tinc-
ture of Ergot. And right here let me say that
where the power of deglitition( or swallowing) is
lost always resort to the stomach pump, Hypo-
dermic treatment, or injections, as the case may
require. In addition to the foregoing treatment
in cases of great loss of power it may be neces-
sary to give Whisky or Brandy in doses of %
pint every 2 to 4 hours in a pint of Flaxseed tea;
end in cases of extreme prostration add Fluid
Tincture of Nux Vomica, one drachm, to the

62 ROE ON THE HORSE.

quart. If the horse can swallow well and has a
reasonably good appetite, give him chopped
wheat, oats or rye, with a handful of Flaxseed
Meal, or Oil cake in each feed.

RETENTION OF URINE,

Always caused by the contraction of the
sphincter muscle of the neck of the bladder, or
mechanically, through stoppage by stone or
gravel at neck of bladder or actually lodged
along the course of urethal passage.

TREATMENT.

The immediate relief ( introducing hand into
the rectum) being an unpleasant operation, we
will first make trial of the following diuretic
preparation: 2 ounces Sweet Spirits of Nitre to
1 pint of New Milk, repeating often as necessary
in conjunction with fomentations as follows: J
to -Jfc Saltpetre dissolved in pail of boiling water
into which dip flannel cloths, or woolen blanket,
and apply over kidneys hot as can be borne re-
saturatirig often as it cools. If the horse fails to
urinate in an hour or two after using the the fore-
going remedies, introduce the catheter of as large
size as can be introduced and draw off the water.
But if suitable catheter is not accessible, grease
the right hand well with lard or oil and insert in-
to rectum, immediately under which lies the blad-
der, and, if full, press gently on it, and if only
impediment is iritation of neck of bladder the
difficulty may soon be overcome, but if stoppage

ROE ON THE HOK8E.

originates through stone or calculi the only cure
is to remove it by an operation which of course
will require a skillful veterinary surgeon. After
urine is drawn off give fluid extract Buchu £ oz. ;
Balsam Copavia 2 drachms in •£ pint of warm
water or new milk, after which turn to grass if
the available season.

SPASMODIC CHOLIC.

Is frequently sudden and violent in its at-
tack, with pulse rarely much quickened in the
opening of the disease; legs and ears about
natural warmth, and, if at work, the horse sud
denly slackens his pace and lies down; gets up
and paws; looks around at his side; often
placing his nose to one or the other flank alter-
nately; and to every appearance, in the greatest
apparent misery.

TREATMENT.

Dp not let the horse throw himself violently,
as he is not only liable to bruise himself badly,
but, if very much bloated, has been known to
rupture his stomach through such violence.
Give as a drench Hypo Sulphate of Soda 1 oz.,
Laudanum 1 oz., Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia £
oz., Tincture Aconite 20 drops, in £ pint warm
water. In severe cases there may be frequent
slight evacuations of the bowels, but it must not
be inferred from this fact that he is growing bet-
ter, but that a disease hidden and lurking is fast
preying upon his vitals. Repeat above dose if

64 ROE ON THE HOUSE.

not easy every 20 or 30 minutes until the pain is
relieved, omitting Hypo- Sulphate Soda after
second or third dose, but double or thribble the
amount of Laudanum if necessary. As soon as
pain is relieved give him 1 pint FJaxseed Oil by
drench, and bountiful injections of Castile-soap
suds and fresh lard; keeping him in gentle mo-
tion between doses, as that will aid in moving
the bowels and worry the horse less than his ex-
ertion in getting up and down, which he is sure
to do while in pain unless kept in motion. All
that is necessary after relief of pain and moving
bowels is a little rest and good nursing, unless
neglected until the mucus coating of the stomach
and bowels have become inflamed, which is known
by mucus found in discharges from the bowels
when too much care cannot be observed in diet
and in every possible way.

OOF BOUND,

Is a general contraction of the foot which
particularly affect the foot at latteral angles of
the frog or heel, particularly when the horse has
been kept a long time on a dry plank floor in hot
dry weather, or cold dry weather, wearing the
same shoes until the natural growth of the circle
of hoof brings the bearing of the shoe within
the rim or shell of the foot. This affection is
undoubtedly, more or less, hereditary in certain
breeds of horses where the foot is entirely in
disproportion to the body ( being small and
crampt) while in others it is frequently brought

ROK OX TIIK IIOUSK. 65

on through some of above causes, or by sympa-
thy with other diseases: as shoulder affection,
those of the limbs, etc., etc.

TREATMENT.

First remove the shoes (if shod) and, if ob-
tainable, turn him oat in low wet pasture, or
keep him standing in water-tight box filled with
water deep enough to cover the coronet, which
will promote the growth and consequent spread
of the foot, and a general healthy action. If
convenient let the horse be tied in some comfort-
able place where his feet can be placed in a pool
of water an hour or two at a time, two or three
times per day, between feeds, in warm weather;
poulticing affected feet every night. In cold
winter weather I do not think this affection can
be so favorably treated in any way as to envel-
ope the foot with cushions saturated with the Oil
of Turpentine or Organum; resaturating as often
as absorbed. Where neither of foregoing are
available, use Kerosene. If, in warm weather,
however, I think the turning of the horse on low-
ground pasture equal, if not preferable, to any of
plans of treatment ever yet offered for cure of
this affection.

RHEUMATISM OF THE BREAST,

The horse presents a tottering, crippling gait;
breast more or less sunken between the shoulders
and to some extent enlarged, enough to be no-
ticed by an ordinary observer. The disease is

66 KOE ON THE HOKSft.

sufficiently marked to be readily recognized, and
generally prommced uncurable by pretenders to
the Veterinary Art throughout the country. It
is fcnown by different names throughout the
country, such as Chest Founder, Broken down,
Stoven, Stove-shoulders, and by whatever name
it may be known, in the various localities, it is
pronounced alike incurable. It is the result of
founder, but not the severest type of founder that
causes it.

TREATMENT.

There are two conditions of the parts affected
in this disease, quite the reverse in character.
While the muscles of the breast are shrunken, or
attrophied, the shoulders are enlarged, arid where
the following liniment does not, in a week or ten
days, produce a favorable change, mz: — Aqua
Ammonia 4 ounces; Spirits Turpentine 4 ounces;
Oil Origannum 2 ounces ;Choloroform 2 ounces,
any quantiy ( in forgoing proportion) applied
with with rough sponge, with considerable fric-
tion, morning, noon and night. Put in six sea-
tons: 2 in front, one above, just under the neck,
and the other below; and place the others at
equal height on each side. If there is much
fever and pain give Aconite 20 drops, and Yaleri-
anate Morphia every 2 to 4 hours; and feed bran
mash and middlings, and green grass ( if in
season for cutting grass,) Keep the horse in dry
well ventilated stable, if in summer, and, if in
winter, you cannot keep too comfortable. Al-
ways blanketing thoroughly for fear of transla-
tion to the heart; that often being the doomed
victim of translation of that painful affection
when the general strength has become greatly

ItOK ON TIIK IIOKSK. 67

impaired, and arterial action correspondingly
weak. Merely keep the bowels free from
constipation in this disease, and that without
physic if possible.

:R,:EOI:E>:ES.

To Take Down Swelling of the Legs and

Strengthen the Tendons, After Hard

Driving.

Take 1 pint Alcohol; 1 oz. Beef Gall; 1 oz.
Oil Organnum; 1 oz. Oil of Spike; 1 oz. Gum
Myrrh; ^ oz. Gum Camphor; put all into a strong
quart bottle, and agitate until all the ingredients
are dissolved; wash the limbs with Castile Soap
and warm water, and when about rubbed dry
apply the Liniment, rub dry and bathe again
well, and bandage with firm Flannel bandage,
but do not draw bandage so tight as to impede
circulation. Repeat same process until the limbs
appear all right. ,

To Rectify a Hide-Bound Horse — or One Ap-
parently in General Bad Health.

Take Nitrate Pottassa ( Saltpetre) 4 ounces;'
Crude Antimony 1 ounce; Sulphur 3 ounces.
The Antimony and Saltpetre must be well pul
veri/ed; then add the Lulphur and mix all thor-
oughly together. Administer 1 tablespoonful
night and morning for a we^k or two in hnin
mash, letting the horse to grass through the day,

68 ROE ON THE HORSE.

if in grass time, and if in the winter let the horse
out in barnyard in pleasant weather.

A Lice Exterminator on Horses.

Put 1 oz. of Arsenic to 1 pail of soft water;
wash the horse all over, by saturating a sponge
in the wash, observing to first place the animal
in a warm stall, if not already occupying such
a place. It is probably riot generally known
that both Chicken Lice and Human Lice infest
the horse when brought in contact with them.

To Cure A Chronic Cough.

Take pure Alcohol and put all the Oil of
Tar it will dissolve and add one-third in weight
or measurment of Tincture Belladonna. Give
the horse 1 tablespoonful morning and evening
in convenient way.

Condition Powders.

Take Sulphur two pounds; Nitre one pound ;
Fenugreek 4fts; Cream Tartar 1ft; Licorice 1
ft: Black Antimony Jft Gentian -J-ft; Aniseed |ft;
Murate soda, or common salt, 1 ft; mix all the
ingredients thoroughly together, and give the
horse of ordinary size a tablespoonful night and
morning. If you do not wish to make as much
at once, be strict as to proportions.

Remedies for, and Treatment of Cuts and
Wounds.

If wound is large and gaping, put in reason-
able number of stitches far enough back from the
edges that they can not $o readily slough out

ROE ON THE HORSE. U(j

Among the remedies for allaying inflammation
is, Tincture Calendula (/or Marigold), and it is
set down as unrivaled. The following lotion is
highly celebrated: Tincture Myrrh 1 oz. ; Tinct.
Aloes Bounces; diluted in % pint water, and ap-
ply 3 times per day. As a wash for old ulcers,
use Blue Vitriol 2 drachms to 1 pint water with
which cleanse the ulcer once or twice per day;
hut if the sore be infested with fungus ( proud
flesh) sprinkle with dry Calomel once or twice
each day. As a healing ointment prepare as
follows: 2ifts Palm Oil; 2 11 >s Lard; i ft Gum
Turpentine; JBb Beeswax; lib Calamine; simmer
over slow fire until all the ingredients are well
blended, after which, soon as cool, it may used.

Wash for Reducing Inflammed Wounds.

Take of Sulphate Zinc I oz.; Crotus Martas
1 oz. ; Sugar Lead ^ oz.; and 1 pint of water.
This wash is disinfectant as well as calculated to
allay inflammation. As a preparation for
Thrush or Canker: Take Burnt Alum 4 ounce ;
Sulphate of Iron 2 ounces; Sulphate 1 ounc
Camphor 2 drachms; mix arid apply once
twice each day.

A Wash tor Fresh Wounds.

Take of White Vitriol 1 Tea-spoonful, and
one of Copperas, and 2 of Gun Powder; put into
1 quart of boiling water, and shake thoroughly
together and it will be ready for use soon as
cool. In superficial, it may be applied with soft
linen or muslin swab; but dee)) wounds will !.
to be inserted with a syringe. Use il night and
morning.

ROE ON THE HOUSE.

Liniment for Open Wounds (Highly Celebrated)

Take of Coppearas 1 oz.; White Vitriol 2
ounces; Murate Soda (common salt) 2 ounces;
Linseed Oil 2 ounces; Orleans molasses 8 ounces:
to all of which add 1 pint of Urine and boil over-
slow fire about 20 minutes; and when nearly cold
add 1 oz. of Oil of Vitriol and 4 ounces Spirits
Turpentine, and bottle for use. Apply once or
twice per day, with a feather or swab, until the
wound discharges freely.

Magic Healing Powder.
Where an ulcer contains proud flesh use the
following compound: Calomel J oz. ; Burnt Al-
um | oz.; mix and use once or twice per day, by
sprinkling over the sore. It is important to
know that in deep won .ids the matter cannot be
successfully removed without the use of swab and
syringe. Where the mouth of the wound or
ulcer is large enough to admit, the swab is first
to be used with warm Castile Soap suds; after
which use syringe to thoroughly rinse out all
offensive matter which may remain. Unless the
discharge is very profuse arid putrid do not
cleanse a wound or ulcer more than once a day.
Great harm may be often done by meddling with
sores too much, and especially cuts or larcera-
tions which always heal much the sooner by
first attentions when possible.

Anodyne Stimulating Liniment.

Take Aqua Ammonia 1^ ounces; Sulphuric
Ether 1^ ounces; Spirits Turpentine 1 ounce;
Sweet Oil 2 ounce's; Oil of Cloves one-half
ounce; Chloroform one ounce; put all into
a strong bottle, cork tightly; keep in dark

ROE ON THE IIOKSK. 71

place, keep thickly wrapped with dark paper.
This is very applicable in cases where there is
much nervous irritation.

The following preparation is also very ap-
plicable in Rheumatic affections, Neuralgia, and
all affections where palliating frictions to the sur-
faec are required; viz: Oil Turpentine 1 ounce:
Tincture Opium 1 ounce; Soap Liniment 1 ounce;
Tincture Capsicum £ ounce. Mix all thorougly
and apply over flannel bandage often as the case
seems to demand.

Electric Liniment.

Take of Oil of Spike 2 ounces; Organnum 2
ounces; Hemlock Oil 2 ounces; Wormwood 2
ounces; Sweet Oil 2 ounces; Spirits Ammonia 2
ounces; Gum Camphor 2 ounces; Spirits Turpen-
tine 2 ounces; Alchohol. 90 perct,, 1 quart. Put
all into a heavy 2 quart bottle, and agitate thor-
oughly until all ingredients are dissolved. Use
according to severity of the case.

Cough Powders.

Take Fenugreek, Ginger, Licorice, and
Bloodroot J ft each; Lobelia 4 drachms; mix
thoroughly, and give tablespoonful night and
morning.

Another Cough Preparation.

Take Emetic Tartar 1 ounce; Resin 2 ounces;
Bloodroot 1 ounce; Salt of Tartar 2 ounces;
Ginger 2 ounces. Mix well, give one tablespoon-
full just before feeding morning, noon and night.

Wash for Inflamed Legs. Shoulders, or Back.
Take of Sal ammonica 1 ounce; Vinegar 4

72 ROE ON THE HORSE.

ounces; Spirits of Wrin^ 2 ounces: Tincture Arni-
ca 2 drachms; water -J pint; Mix thoroughly and
bathe affected parts often as it is absolved.

A Very Active Blister.

Take 2 drachms Corrosive Sublimate; 1 oz.
Lard; Tar \ ounce; Cantharides 2 drachms. Pul-
verize the Sublimate and Cantharides well in a
mortar, then add Lard, mix well, and at last
add the the Tar; and as soon at all the ingredi-
ents are effectually mixed it may be applied to
Spavins, Ringbones, Curbs and Splints.

A Powerful Absorbing Blister.

Take of Benodide of Mercury and Canthari-
des 1 drachm each; Tar and lard £ ounce of each;
mix all thoroughly, and apply 3 successive
mornings; rubbing in well with the hand each
time, and then use lard to soften the scab.

For Sprains and Bruises.

Let it always be kept in mind that the first
object to be effected in treating acute inflamma-
tion, is to adopt the most prompt remedies.
To bring about that effect in the least possible
time. Cold water, with the addition of Sugar of
Lead 1 ounce to a quart of water, frequently acts
like a charm in allaying irritation, or inflamma-
tion, arising from suddon, severe strains. Wet
the affected part often with this -solution, and it
may be well to -bandage with flannel, wetting
bandage frequenttly with the medicine. You
may likewise try the following: Saltpetre 4
ounces; Sugar of Lead 1 ounce; Muriate of Am-
monia 1 ounce; Common Salt 1 pint; all to be put

ROE ON THE ITORSE. 73

into 2 gallons of cold water. Use frequently as
above described. Or use the following: Tinc-
ture of Arnica 2 ounces; Saltpetre 2 ounces into

1 gallon cold water. All of the three last prepa-
rations are very good applications for sprains
and bruises, if perseveringly followed up in gjl
such cases.

Farcy Cure.

Take J fc Sulpher; £ ft Saltpetre and 1 ounce
Antimony, and, after blending well together, give
one tablespponful 2 or 3 times per day, accord-
ing to aggravation of symptoms.

For Cracked Heels.

Take of Alum,Copperas,Resin,each 2 ounces
and 1 ounce Beeswax; 1 pint of Tar; 2 ounces of
Tallow; boil all the foregoing ingredients over a
slow lire, skimming off the filth that rises from
time to time, until no more rises. Just before it
is cool add Litharge and dry White Lead, of
each ^ ounce. Wash clean and apply every
second morning. This remedy is likwise highly
recommended for scratches, saddle or collar
galls, as well as diseases of the skin.

Scratches Cure.

Take 4 ounces Tincture Arnica and same
quantity of Glycerine; but if heels are badly
cracked, add 1 ounce Iodine: 2 ounces Tincture
Myrrh; Bounce of Gunpower (finely pulverized)
put all into a strong bottle, shake it very
thoroughly, and put it on with a swab

2 or 3 times ("*u'[\ day. Or use the following:
Melt J ft of Bar Lead and mix in Sulphur while

74 ROE ON OATTLE.

hot, and let them burn together until pulverized,
and then add a tablespoonfull of Lard. Cleanse
once or twice each day and apply it.

Condition Powders

• Take I ft Ginger; 1 ounce of Anise seed (pul
verized); 1 ounce Fenugreek Seed; 2 ounces of
Ginseng Root (pulverized); 2 ounces Sumach
Bark (pulverized); and 1 ounce of Antimony.
All of which mix with 1 ft> Brown Sugar. This is
excellent for horses troubled with chronic cough ;
such as a long standing cold, or that lingering
from Distemper, heaves or any kind of long
standing coughs, as well as to restore an appe-
tite.

THE SPANISH OR TEXAN FEVER.

A disease called Spanish Fever, Texas Fe-
ver, and Mexican Fever, has for years past
proved quite destructive to the cattle in some
localities. In the Northern United States the
disease is brought from the South by the droves
of Spanish cattle brought from Texas and Mex-
ico. The disease occurs among these cattle, and
from them is communicated, either by contagion
or infection, to the native cattle. But a curious

KOE ON CATTLE. 75

fact is that it is not communicated from the na-
tive to other native stock. It is extremely fatal.
Much attention has been given this disease by
the Agricultural Department at Washington, and
from the reports much valuable information can be
obtained. The author's experience in the disease
has been limited to but few cases. Of those
treated by him three-fourths most favorably re-
covered, and he is very confident the treatment
pursued will be entirely satisfactory. Texas
cattle that have no symptoms of the disease
themselves will communicate it to natives. A
whole year in the North will not totally remove
the infection from them.

SYMPTOMS.

For some days the animal appears mopish,
has a dry cough: the ears droop; the nose and
mouth are dry; the breath has that smell pecu-
liar to Texas cattle,, and flies gather around it
more than about a healthy beast. Succeeding
these symptoms fever makes its appearance, and
reaches its height in two or three days. The ears
are very much fallen; the hinder parts reel in
walking; the arteries of the neck throb violently;
the heat of the whole body is very great; the an-
imal lies down and gets up with difficulty; the
breath and exhalations from the body are very
offensive. The urine in some cases is mixed with
blood, at other times is natural. The bowels
may be open or costive. The beast stands per-
fectly stupid, neither seeking food nor water.
The tail will be found hollow for two or three
inches from (he end, and hollownossof the horns
may have taken place. Other cases, after the
fever is established) assume symptoms of

76 KOE ON CATTLE.

delirium. The animal is morbidly watchful;
startled at any noise; rushes for whatever ap-
pears in its reach. The eyes have a greenish
cast, glary and wild; and the beast is at all times
found on its feet. In both cases death takes
place in about the same time. The Texas cattle,
when brought North, are infested with ticks
which have their heads so firmly embedded in the
beast's hide that their bodies will tear in twain
before they let go their hold. The Native cattle
that become infected become covered also with
ticks. Some have supposed that the ticks in
some way are the cause of the disease. It is not
likely that this is the <*ase. Its cause is most
certainly a poison similar to the contagion of
other contagious diseases.

TKEATMENT.

The same as for Lung Fever; which is bleed-
ing and sedative medicines and physicingare the
principal treatment. Place the animal in a good,
airy place and give the following: Tincture Dig-
italis 1 ounce; Sweet Spirits Nitre 2 ounces; Tar-
tar Emetic 1 drachm; mix for one dose' in 1 pint
gruel. This dose may be repeated every three
hours until the fever is reduced, giving all but the
Digitalis the first dose, and give 1 pound Salts
dissolved in 1 pint warm water.

A Recipe for Destroying Ox Ticks.

The following will destroy the ticks which
accompany Texas cattle, and are always numer-
ous in case of Texas or Spanish Fever a,s 'it is
called: Carbolic Acid 1 oz., Water 12 ounces.
Or the following: Oil Tar 4 ounces; Linseed Oil
4 ounces; Carbolic Acid 2 ounces; mix well and

KOI.; ON CATTLE. 77

apply with a brush. The above will destroy any
of the small animals that inhabit horses, cattle
and dogs. Also Surfeit and Mange on horses.

Bloat, Hoven, or Tympanites.

The ox, a member of the order, Ruminantia,
has four compartments in the stomach, yet two of
them are nothing more than dilations of the
Oesophagus. The food is first swallowed and
becomes macerated in the first and second
stomachs. It is then returned for mastication
and is passed to the third or fourth stomach for
digestion. Anything, therefore, tending to arrest
the process of digestion will be liable to cause
'Tympanites. We will use the term Tympanites,
as the proper term, in preference to the term
Bloat. The term signifies a distention of the in-
testines with wind or gas, accompanied by an
elastic distention of the abdomen. The latter,
when struck or sounded by a blow, sounds like a
drum, and indicates a windy distention of the
abdominal viscera ( a bowel or organ within the
body) commonly known as Flatulent Cholic.
The direct cause of flatulency and windy disten-
tion is imperfect digestion. Instead of under-
going the healthy process of .digestion, whereby
the food is converted into chyme and chyle, it
ferments and evolves gasses, causing putrefac-
tion. Before this period it often happens that
the animal dies, either by rupture of the rumen
or some of the abdominal v scera. In some
i'ciaes the animal dies from suffocation, caused by
pressure upon the diaphragm. Imperfect diges-
tior\niay be occasioned by a deranged condition
of the digestive organs, induced by various
causes. Thus, if a stall-fed lot of cattle be

78 ROE ON CATTLE.

turned into a cloverfield, or any luxuriant past-
ure, they not only eat greedily, but eat an
amount of food containing aqueous matter,
which is not so easy of digestion as solid food,
the stomach may not tolerate the change.

TREATMENT.

Supposing the abdomen to be distended to
its upmost capacity, and the animal distressed
and oppressed in its breathing, there is no time
to be lost; medicines are of no avail. Puncture
the flank, on the left side, in its most salient
region, by a knife or trochar and camla. Im-
mediate escape of the gas follows and the patient
is soon relieved. I now administer the following
to arouse the action of the intestines and arrest
the fermentations: Hypo sulphate of Soda 4
drachms; Tincture of Ginger 2 ounces; Water 1
pint. Dissolve the Soda in the water, then add
the Ginger. If the Tincture of Ginger cannot be
had, then substitute 4 drachms of the pulverized
root. The medicine may be repeated in four hours
if necessary.

Cleansing, or Removal of the After-Birth.

After delivery, the after-birth should be de-
tached, if posible. For, if allowed to occupy the
uterus the latter contracts upon it, and it may re-
main there until it comes away a putrid mass-
not, however, without serious danger to the cow.
So soon as the calf is born I introduce my hand
and pull, in various directions, on the umbilical
cord. Failing to bring the placenta away, I in
troduce my whole arm, and carefully detach the
now foreign body from the cotyledons of the

KOK ON CATTLE. 70

uterus. The uterus shortly afterward contracts,
and thus effectually prevents uterine hemorrhage.

Falling, or Inversion, of the Womb.

By this is meant a complete turning of the
womb inside out.

TREATMENT.

Usually the parts can easily be adjusted by
making pressure with compresses fastened by
strings passing in front to the cow's neck, and by
elevating the hind parts it will be found that in
the course of 24 hours all will be right.

Mamitis.

Mamits signifies inflamation of the udder.
It usually consists of swelling attended by heat,
pain, and more or less febrile symptoms. It is
precisely similar to the disease nursing women
are prone to suffer from. The terminations of
this disease, when not early attended to, are
suppuration, formation of an abscess, indura
tion, or hardening of the walls of the bag.

TREATMENT,

Give the animal a full dose of Glauber Salts
and apply a lefrigerating lotion to the udder,
( cold water will answer), in order to reduce the
temperature. The milk must not be allowed to
accumulate nor coagulate. A metallic tube may
be inserted in the teat and allowed to remain
there to prevent accumulation of milk. In case
of suppuration, a flaxseed poultice should he
applied, and as soon as a soft spot is found it
should be lanced. In the indurated stage, an

80 KOE ON CATTLE.

attempt should be made at absorption by the use
of Iodide of Potassium in 20 grain doses, and
the application externally of Tincture of Iodine.

Hernia, or Ruptures.

FORMS OF RUPTURE — INGUINAL HERNIA— STRAN-
GULATED HERNIA — VENTRAL HERNIA.

Hernia signifies rupture, or an unnatural
protrusion of a portion of the intestines, or the
omentum.

FORMS OF RUPTURE.

When a calf is born with a tumor at the naval
it is termed Congenital Umbilical Hernia.

TREATMENT.

A pad of cotton batting should be fastened
over it by a bandage passing around the calf.
In a short time the bandage can be dispensed
with.

INGUINAL HERNIA.

This consists in the escape of intestines in
the region of the groin.

TREATMENT.

This can be reduced by raising the animal by
its hind legs and giving it a few jerks upward.
Should the intestines again slip down I would
castrate and place a stitch or two in the external
ring, &c.

ROE ON CATTI I 81

ST K A N( i ULATED HKK N I A ,

When the intestine descends into the scro-
tum and cannot be returned on account of some
obstruction contained in the intestines, it is said
to be strangulated.

TREATMENT.

The ring must be enlarged with probe pointed
bistoury, the intestine returned and the animal
castrated.

When Strangulated Hernia occurs in any other
part of the body, the protruded bowel if tume-
fied, must be punctured to allow the gas to es-
cape. Then efforts should be made to reduce
the Hernia. Failing in this, the wound must be
enlarged and the intestine replaced.

VENTRAL HERNIA ,

This form of Hernia consists of an escape
of a portion of the intestines through a rent in
the abdominal muscles, creating a turnor beneath
the common integuments.

TREATMENT.

The animal should be etherized. A semilu-
nar incision is made over the tumor. The super-
ficial facia is also divided. A probe pointed
bistoury is then introduced between the bowel
and edge of the wound. This must be dilated
sufficiently to allow of the return of the intestine.
The rent in the muscles is then to be sutured and
the end of the suture left long enough to hang
out of the wound. Bring the integuments to-
gether in the same mariner. Dress the wound

82 ROE ON CATTLE.

with Tincture of Aloes. Do not remove the
sutures until quite loose.

Horn-Ail and Tail Ail.

The idea as expounded by many so-called
Cow Doctors, that there is a disease known as
Horn- Ail and Tail-Ail, is terribly absurd. That
the temperature of the horn is a drop in the cup
that goes to make up a diagnosis, &c., we know
to be a fact; but as to being a disease, the idea
is too absurd But the temperature of the horn,
no more than the temperature of the hoof goes
to make up a diagnosis. The heat or coldness
of certain parts of the animal only goes to show
that som'e organs, as the Brain, Stomach, or
Bowels are affected. At other times this increase
or loss of temperature may be due to local con-
gestion of the lungs, &c. Hence I contend that
the term Horn-Ail or Tail-Ail, as expressing the
condition of parts emphatically affected, is un-
worthy of notice. It shows lack of common sense
to uphold such a theory. You might as well put
salt in a man's big toe for tooth ache, as put salt
and pepper in a cow's tail for any affection.

Black Tongue.

This epizootic has raged very extensively,
at different times,in some of the Southern States.
Several persons have lost their lives by drinking
the milk from animals thus affected. The disease
affects the deer tribe, and any animal which may
feed upon the meat of such diseased animals.
The cause of this disease is yet obscure; but it is

K01«; ON < ATTLE. 83

supposed !o be due to the rust found on the crops
and grass of the Southern States.

SYMPTOMS.

The cattle become attacked as in a case of
founder, mz: Stiffness of limbs, frothing at the
mouth, loss of appetite, with swolen tongue and
gums, which turn black. Death usually follows.

TREATMENT.

Prompt and energetic treatment is here re-
quired. The disease is congestive and apt to run
' into the Typhoid state. The animal should be
drenched with the following, upon appearance of
the first symptoms : Table Salt 12 ounces; Warm
Water 1 quart; Tincture of Capsicum 2 ounces.
This medicine acts as a powerful antiseptic and
stimulating tonic. If on applying the hand to
any part of the body, a crackliug sound is
elicited it shows an accumulation of gas beneath
the skin. The patient should then be given :-—
Pyroligneous Acid 2 ounces; Pure Oil of Sasa-
fras 28 drops; Linseed Tea 1 quart. Mix the oil
with the latter and then add the acid. Then ap-
ply the following to the emphysematous region :
Soft Soap 4 ounces; Oil Sasafras \ ounce; Tinct
Capsicum 2 ounces; Tincture Peruvian Bark 1
pt., dissolve the Sasafras in two ounces of Alco-
hol. Mix and rub with same. The swollen
tongue should be frequently covered with line
salt. Tonics should be given the moment im-
provement appears to have taken place. One
ounce of the Fluid extract of Ohamomile Flow-
ers may be taken twice daily.

84 ROE ON CATTLE.

Pu^rpral Fever.

Puerpral Fever is a disease of an inflamma-
tory type. It usually attacks cattle which have
been stall fed and are fat; and attacks them
within a fortnight after calving; and may occur
within a few hours.

SYMPTOMS.

There is loss of appetite, accelerated pulse
and respiration, tongue slightly coated, mouth
hot and clammy, muzzle dry. There is wildness
about the eyes, with some twitching of the
muscles. The cow soon grates her teeth, foams
at the mouth, dashes her head on the floor, &c.
The udder becomes swollen, and the secretion of
milk is partly suspended.

PREVENTION.

Stop luxuriant feeding for ten days before
calving and five days after.

TBEATMENT.

When the disease is present, give, at once,
twenty drops of the Tincture of Aconite Root,
and J ounce Opium, in powder, in a bottle of
thin gruel. Repeat this dose in half an hour.
The Aconite must be repeated every four hours
without the Opium, until four or live doses have
been given. Place chopped ice in a bag on the
forehead, and attach it to the horns, renewing it
when needed. This being done quickly; at more
leisure get Epsom Salts, 1 pound; Table Salt, 1
pound; Ginger, ^ an ounce; mix and dissolve in
cold water, with Molasse$ to sweeten, and give

110 K ON < ATTLK.

at one dose. Use clysters until the bowels are

moved.

. •

Approach of Calving.

The fact of the cow being certainly with calf
must be well known by all persons at all ac-
quainted with this useful animal. The following
are infallible signs: Cessation of the monthly
menstrual evacuations, and nondesire for the
bull; the gradual increase of the size of the belly,
when the calf may not only he plainly felt, but,
by watching, is often seen to kick against the
side; as she approaches the time for calving, the
bag begins to enlarge; external organs of gener-
ation become large and flabby: and when her
full time has passed she shows, by signs .of pe-
culiar uneasiness, that the critical period has
arrived, which prompts the desire, with some
cows, to withdraw to the woods, or some secret
place. Some have claimed that when a male it
is carried beyond the natural time for the female.
But nine months, or about 270 to 280 days, are
about the natural interval between con-
ception and calving, although she may, in some
cases, run beyond the above named period. Ami
on the other hand she may calve much sooner,
where she has been abused; by running her,
beating her, or abuse of other description, which
we will not enlarge upon in this brief chapter.

This brings us to one of the most important
circumstances connected with successful calving,
or foaling; both of which we will treat under one
special head.

86 ROE OK CATTLE.

TREATMENT WHEN CALVING, OR FOALING.

When assured the cow, or mare, has arrived
at* her full time for delivery, and the natural
pains appear unavailing, an examination should
at once be made to ascertain the true part of calf,
or colt, presented; which, when natural, and no
accident or abuse has occurred, will always be
the head. And finding that presentation, in ref-
erence to either calf or colt, delivery is not apt
to be much protracted, ( especially after first
offspring), unless in case of plurality births, (2
or more at once), which may take place with pre
sentation of foreleg of one, and hindleg of an-
other. In a double presentation of the foregoing
nature, ascertain the true position of both calves
or colts, as the case may be, shoving back the
one. The practitioner must here, closely criticse
and judge which of the two occupies the natural
precedence to birth. A close and critical exam-
ination will always indicate which must be first
brought forth. And, if we cannot obtain the
natural presentation, we must, if the forefeet pre-
sent, secure both in a noosed rope, which put in-
to the hands of an assistant, and introduce the
hand and grasp the head and bring it at once
into the natural passage, or Vagina, (first raising
hind parts of cow) and, having calf placed in
foregoing position, a little assistance only,, ordi-
narily, is required, in conjunction with natural
labor pains, to effect the delivery. But do riot
use too much force for fear of inversion of the
womb. Another form of mal-position is where
the head and neck already having entered the
vagina, without the feet, forces upon us the fol-
lowing alternatives: Frst, if possible, to force
the head back into the womb; or, failing in this,

ROE ON CATTLE. 87

to cut off the head, excepting just skin sufficient
to assist us, by means of ropes attached to the
lower jaw and forefeet, which must likewise he
grasped in another rope, or the same if long
enough, with just force enough applied to assist
natural efforts in expulsion of the calf.

In the third mal position of the calf we may
find, either foreleg presenting; nose pressed
downwards; the crown of head only being seen
or felt. In such case, secure the leg presented,
by a cord; and, already having the cow elevated,
shove the crown of the head downwards and
pass a cord around the lower jaw; find and se-
cure the other foreleg, in same noose with the
other; pull the rope attached to jaw and that
holding forelegs simultaneously; and as the head
and feet are presented let them be guided, by
hands of an assistant, until they have fairly en
tered the proper channel, when but little more
than nature will be required to finish the work.

Now, in the fourth place, comes the presen-
tation of breach, or buttocks, which can only be
delivered in the following way : The calf, or colt,
must be shoved back; and the operator must
change the position in such shape as to grasp the
hindlegs and secure them by rope, as before,
when nature will gradually effect the desired re-
sult without physical force.

The fifth, and last, presentation we shall
state is where the crown of the head presents;
and the calf upon its back. This, at best, being
a tedious delivery, do not wait too long upon
nature's efforts; but, if the strength of the cow,
or mare, is fast failing, without reasonable suc-
cess towards delivery, secure the forelegs within
a noose on one end of a rope of sufficient len-tli

KOE ON CATTLE.

to attach the other end of same to under jaw,
turn the calf in most favorable position for de-
livery, if possible; use nothing beyond reasona-
ble force and delay; but, if the calf is large and
the dilitation of natural passage is inadequate,
do not delay opening both head and body of
calf, or colt ; as, in this exigency, the mother's
life must always be treated as paramount to the
offspring.

Retention of the Placenta, or Afterbirth.

Or, as it is sometimes called, the Cleanings
of the cow after calving. Wheie the cow is in a
healthy state, and has gone her full time, the
placenta, or afterbirth, will not be retained any
length of time after calving; but when the clean-
ings are retained beyond three to five hours it is
to be naturally inferred that the general health
of the cow is not right, and that something must
be done.

TREATMENT.

Epsom Salts 1 pound; Powdered Ginger \
ounce; mix and give in two or three quarts of
Hop Tea. If the cow is a good feeder she may
take it in a little Middlings slop, or warm water
sweetened with molasses. The foregoing mix-
ture not having the desired effect, in three or four
hours; the right hand, being well greased, should
be introduced and carefully overcome the adhe-
sions, and remove this unseemly appendage
which nature usually removes in due time. After
removal of placenta; first sponge the womb well
with warm water, after which use one or two
quarts of solution .of Alum and Tannin as an

ROE ON CATTLE. 89

injection into the womb to facilitate contraction.
I will here mention an accident happening
often just after the birth of calves of dispropor-
tionate size to the cow, by cross with over-grown
bull, (which should always be guarded against)
which is often the cause of inversion of the womb
where the cow, unassisted, has been obliged to
strain every ligament and muscle to expel a calf
which shouid have been removed piecemeal by a
skillful Veterinarian. But this accident being
upon us, from any cause whatever, let it be well
cfeansed with warm water and sponge, and re-
turned; and a seatonput in just towards the head
from root of tail, immediately over spinal col-
umn, which will prevent recurrence of same ac-
cident. The same treatment1" for mares in like
cases.

A.

Abnormal — A departure from nature, unatural.
Abrasion — An accidental removal of a portion of

the skin.

Acclimatize — To naturalize to anew climate.
Accnesia — A loss of the natural muscular power.
Acine — An eruptive disease of the skin.
Acute — A disease just begun, or of very short

duration

Adenoid — Disease of the glands.
Adipose — Made up of greasy substance.
Adinamic — Lacking, or destitute of physical

power.

Afflux — Rushing towards particular part.
Albumenuries — A substance like white of Eggs

in Urine.

Algid — Destitute of natural heat, cold.
Amanusosis — Disease of optic nerve — ending in

blindness.
Amenorhoeah — Absence of the monthly flow—

( Menstruation).

Amosphus — Without any organized form-
shapeless.

Amphoric — Pitcher like, or decanter-like; Ap-
plied to sound heard by auscultation
or on percussion.
Amyloid — Resembling starch.
Aneamia— Deficiency of red blood.
Anaecthesia — Absence or loss of sensation and
perception.-

GLOSSARY. 91

Analeptic — Invigorating restorative.

Anasarca — General dropsy of the areolar tissue.

Aneurison — Morbid dilation of an artery, with

or without rupture of its coats.
Anfractuous — Having an irregular, grooved, or

broken surface: applied to a cavity

in the lung.

Anquia — A choking or suffocating disease.
Anodyne — Tending to relieve pain.
Anorexia — Loss of appetite.
Anthelmintic — Destructive of, or tending to cause

the removal of worms.
A nti- Arthritic — Curative of gout.
Anti-Lithic — Solvent of stone or gravel.
Anti-Philogistic — Tending to arrest, or mitigate

inflammation.

Anti-Psoric — Curative of itch.
Anti-Toxic — Antidotal to poison.
Apex — The uppermost point.
Aphonia — Loss of voice.
Aphalthae — Small, whitish ulcers originating in

vesicles, frequently found in the

mouth.

A plastic — Inorganizable.
Apuoea — Arrest of respiration.
Applecata — Thugs applied to, or brought into

contact with the exterior of the body.
Apy rexi a — In termission .
Aracheritis — Inflammation of the areclmoid mem

brane.

Arthritis — Gout.
Ascarides — Round worms.
Ascites — Peritoneal dropsy.

Asphyxia-— Suspension of breathing, or of Hie
aeration of circulation of the blood
Asthenia Debility.

fecfcfe. attended br

Ivperfect expansion erf"

--..- :--~

— Apvlp-Hke, pap-like, formation or

Atrophy — Absemtx-r or desert. of

or restofatrre of
of Bfc, aad~oftfce fnrtio»

of firng be«ga.

out of wttrfc tissue amj be

Fitty, or oOwr, degenention

-J -lr>:i^7

tbe roke. in the

Ercearare appeti

Bdla— AMnlKt:e.uelmtkmof tW catkle

a

C'«»«.^fe^BVm4A A JXx7V0»«^^V.*-.^l ^krK. J&C^hA^/Vul^il ^ ^ •<! ^*Jf

•OKKB — -A HCpBaiPBdL OT CuKaflM Halllf Oi

GLOSS JLRT. 'r

areous — Containing or resembling chalk or

lime.
Cakus — Stone.

vuria — The cranium.
« iuo m a — Cancer,
ieialgia — Heartburn.
Catalepsy — A nervous affection, characterized by

paroxymal rigidity of the mus
Catarrli — An affection of the mucus membrane,

characterized by increased secretion.
-..;> — t/onnected with, or indicative of caTity.

^Inflammation of the brain.
Chalybeate — Containing iron.
Chaloasnia — Liver spot, a yellow discoloration

of the skin.

Cholagogue — Tending to increase the flow of bile.
Chondroma — A cartilaginous tumor.

Virus dance.
Chronic — Protracted, continuing without much

ange for a considerable period.
lionisin — The production of characteristic
effects of Peruvian bark, or of its
alkaloids, upon the system.
Circuiufusa — Things surrounding the body; e: g:

light, air, moisture, etc.
Cirrhosis — W: ^neration of the liver.

;s — A corn.

Clonic — Successive, interrupted, alternating.
Colioa Pietomun — Lead colic.
Colliquative — Gopius, exhaustive.
:ioid— Jelly-lik

- us, stapor,

ital — ExistiUiT at the time of birth.
cestion — Accumulation of blood.
Consonance — Repetition or reduplication of

ibration
of a body upon which it infringes.

94 GLOSSARY.

Contactive — Contagions.

Contra-Indicate — To prohibit.

Contra-Stimulant — Sedative.

Corneitis. Inflammation of the cornea,

Coryza. A cold in the head.

Cosmic. Belonging to the universal system, or

order of nature.
Coup-De-Solid. Sunstroke.
Coxalgia. Disease of the hip-joint,
Crepitant Crackling. Applied technically to the
fine crackling heard on
ausculitation in pneumonia
Cretify. To convert into a chalky substance.
Cutaneous. Pertaining to the skin.
Cyanosis. Blueness from imperfect circulation

of erotion of the blood.
Cynanche Angina.
Cyst. A sac, cell, or bag, formed of membrane

and containing more or less fluid.
Cystetis. Inflamation of the urinary bladder.

D.

Decubitus. The manner of lying down.
Decussation. Crossing x-like from side to side.
Depletion. Abstraction of blood or other material

from the system,

Derrnatophyte. A vegetation upon the skin.
Desideratum. Something desired or required, an

important object.

Desquamate. To scale or peel off.
Detritus. Refuse, the result of wearing or break-
ing down.

Diabetes. Excessive urination.
Diabetes, Melleties. Excessive discharge of urine
containing sugar.

HI.O.SS.VRY. Do

Diagnosis. The discrimination of diseases, the
determination of the nature of an
attack, or of the conditions of tin*
organs in a given case.

Diaphoretic. Production of perspiration.

Diastole. Dilatation.

Diathesis. A constitutional tendency, peculiarity
of habit.

Dicrotous. Double beating.

Diptheria. Membranous sore throat.

Diptfientic. Pseudo membranous.

Diusetic. Production of increased How of urine.

Drastic. Active, powerful.

Dynamic. Relating to power or force.

Dynamise. To imbue with force or power.

Dyscrasia. A morbid state of the blood or of
nutrition.

Dysmenorrhoea. Difficult or painful menstru-
ation.

Dysphagia. Difficulty of swallowing.

Dysuria. Difficult urination. •

Dyspnoea. Difficult respiration.

E.

Ecchymosis. Effusion of blood under the skin.

Eclampsia. Convulsion.

Ecthyma. A desease of the skin, characterized

by Icti gv postal ex.

Kctrotic, Abortive. Production of abortion.
Kc/ema. A vesticular eruptive desease.
Effite. Worn out, dead.

Elephantiasis Arabum. An enlargement of the

lim^s, scrotum, neck etc.

Eliminate. To remove or drive out from the
system.

96 GLOSSARY.

Ernbolic. Obstructive, applied to a clot thrown

as a ping into an arterial trunk.
Emphysema. Distention of a cellular tissue with

air.

Empirical. The result of observation only, as

contrasted with rational or deductive.

Emprosthotonos. Arching of the body forward.

Empyema. A collection of pus, in the pleural

cavity.

Emulsify. To suspend or diffuse an insoluble
substance in water by means of mus-
cilage.

Encephaloid. Brain-like.
Encephalon. The brain, i. e. the whole contents

of the cranium.

Endemic. Local, confined to certain localities.
Endermic. Within or under the skin.
Endocarditis. Inflamation of the lining mem-
brane of the heart.

• Endosmose. The spontaneous intercharge of
fluids through organic membrane.
Ententes. Inflamation of the bowels.
Entozoon. A worm, or other parasite, within an

animal body.

Enuresis. Incontinence of urine.
Ephelis, Ephelides. Sunburn.
Ephemeral. Continuing for a day.
Epigastric. Over the stomach.
Epilepsy. A desease characterized by recurring
convulsions, during which the patient
is unconcious.

Epyphite (Epiphyte). A vegetable parasite.
Epistaxis. Bleeding from the nose.
Epithelioma. An ephithetial tumor.
Epithelium. A thin, superficial layer of cells
upon a vasemeut membrane,

\

(iLOSSAKY. 07

Epizootic. Affecting animals over an unlimited
region. Not limited to any locality.
Kpizoon. A parasitic animal or animalcule.
Kquinia. Glandos, a malignant desease of the

horse sometimes conveyed to men.
Ki emacausis. Decay, or slow combustion.
Erosion, Corrosion. Destruction of tissue by

chemical agency.
Eructation. Belching of wind.
Erythema. A florid inflamation of the skin,

classed with the Exanthemata.
Eteology. The study of the causation of desease.
Exacerbation. An increase of the symptoms,
e. ff. of fever, a ferbrile paroxysm.
Exanthem: A rash or florid eruption.
Exanthemata. A class of deseases in which,
with fever there is an eruption
characteristic of each.

Exite motor. Reflex, relating to the production
of movement in muscles by impres-
sions, transmitted through the
nerves and nerve centres.

Exito Secretory. Reflex excitement of secretory

organs by distant impressions,

transmitted through the nerves.

Excreto. Matters thrown out as waste from the

body.
Exfoliate. To fall or throw off, like leaves from

a tree.

Exosmosis. See Endosmosis.
Extravasate. To throw blood out from the

vessels.

Exudation. The throwing out of lymph from the
vessels during the morbid process.
Also, the lymph itself which is
thrown out.

98 GLOSSARY.

P.

Flocculent. Resembling locks of wool.
Fo-mites. ' Things supposed to retain and convey

contagion or infection, as clothing,

merchandise, &c.
Fusceds. Yellow staining of the skin in patches

or blotches.

G.

Gangrene. Mortification.

Gastralgia. Pain in the stomach,

Gastritis. Inflamation of the stomach.

Castrody nia. Stomach ache.

Gastro, hepatic. Affecting both the stomach and

the liver.

Gesta.. Things done, actions, labors.
"Glossitis. Inflamation of the tongue.
Glucohaemia, Glycohaemia. Excess of sugar in

the blood.
Glucosuria, Glycosuria. The presence of sugar

in the urine.

Goitre Bronchocele. Enlargement of the thyroid
gland.

H.

Habitat. The locality in which a plant or other

living thing grows or abounds.
Haematemesis. Vomiting of blood.
Haematosis. Blood formation, blood develop-
ment.

Haemataeria. Voiding of bloody urine.
Hemicrania. Pain in one half of the head.

Hemiplegia. Paralysis of the arm and leg, <Vr. ,

of one side.

Hemorrhoids. Piles.
Hepatitis, Inflamation of the liver.

Hepalization.

into a liver like

Herpes, Tetter.
Heterologous.

Homologous.

Conversion
structure.

A vescicular eruption.
Different from anything natural
to the body.

Parallel to or resembling things
natural to the body. In PUyaiu-
logy the word has a more extented
meaning.

Hydatid. A vescicuiar formation generally
considered to be an animal para-
site, found in various . organs,
causing their dlstentions into
cepts or tumors.

A watery condition of the blood.
Causing watery discharges.
The mechanics of liquids, invest-
igating especialty the force and
phenomena of liquid pressure and
movement.

Hydrocephalus. Dropsy of the head.
Hydro pneumothorax. The presence of water

and air together, in the
cavity .of the pleura.

Hydrodoiax. Water in the chest, thoracic dropsy.
Hygiene. The science of health.
Hygrometry. The measurement of the amount
of moisture in the air.

Hydraemia.

Hydragogue.

Hydraulics.

Hyperaemaesthesia.

Excess of blood in a part,
with irritability ; common-
ly called chronic ivflama-
lion.

100

GLOSSARY.

Hyperaemia. Excess of blood in a part

Hyperaesthesia. Over-sensitiveness.

Hyperinosis. Excess of fibrin.

Hypertrophy. Over-growth.

Hypnotic. Promotion of sleep.

Hypochondria. In Anatomy the region over the
liver and the corresponding
region on the left side. In Me-
dicine a person affected with
depression of spirits from dis-
peptic deseases.

Hypochondriasis. Dyspepsia with lowness of
spirits and imaginary com-
plaints.

Hppogastric. Below the stomach.

Hypostatic. The result of setting or gravitative
deposition.

Ichoraemia. Contamination of the blood, pyae-
mia.

Icterus. Jaundice.

Icthyosis. Fish-skin disease.

Idiopathic. Primary, independent.

Idiosyncrasy. Individual peculiarity of system.

Hens, Ilic-passiori. The most * violent form of
colic.

Impetigo. A pustutlar eruption.

Incubation. Development, maturation, the pe-
riod between the introduction of a
morbid cause and the appearance
of the resulting disease.

Indication. The pointing of the signs of disease
to the proper mode of treatment.

Induration, Hardening.

KM

Infection. As frequently used synonomous with

contagion.
Ingestive. That which is introduced into the

body by the alimentary canal.
Innervation. Supply of nervous influence.
Insomnia. Sleeplessness.

IntermunicaL Communicating, transferring mu-
tual impressions or excitations.
Interscapular. Between the scapulae.
Intussusceptia. The reception of one portion of

intestine into another.
Iritis. Inflamation of the iris.
Ischuria. Difficult urination.

E.

Kakotrophy. Perverted nutrition.

L.

Lancinitating. Lancing, piercing, darting.

Laryngitis. Inflammation of the larynx.

Latent, Concealed.

Lebra. A scaly cutaneous disease.

Lesion. Injury, essential change.

Lencocythaemia. Excess of colorless or white
corpuscles in the blood.

Lichen. A popular disease of the skin.

Lientery. Passage or undigested food through
the bowels.

Lipoma. A fatty tumor.

Lithiasis. The formation of stone, or gravel.

Lochia. The sero-sanguineous discharge follow-
ing delivery.

Lumbago. Rheumatism of the lumbar region.

Lumbrirus. A long, round worm.

Lupus. A malignant affection of the skin, either
tuberculous or uhvrative.

102 GLOSSARY.

Lymph. The fluid portion of the blood, without
the corpuscles, the fluid of the lymph-
atic vessels; also, the fluid exuded
during inflammation.

M.

Macula. ^A spot or stain.
Malaria. Bad or poisonous air
Mania, Derangement, either intellectual or emo-
tional, or both.
Marasmus. Wasting away.
Matrix. A formative or receptive structure or

cavity.
Melanesia. Morbid deposit of, or conversion of,

tissue into black pigment.
Meningetis. Inflammation of the membranes of

the brain.

Menorrhagia. Excessive flow of the menses.
Metamorphosis. Transformation.
Metastasis. The transfer of a disease or symp-

from one part to another.
Metorism. Distention of the alimentary canal

with gas.

Miasm. Marsh poison, the local cause of en-
demic country fevers.
Microphyte. A microscopic vegetation.
Microzoon. A microscopic animalculae.
Miliary. Resembling millet seed.
Modus Operandi. The manner of action or op-
eration.

Molecule. The minutest particle into wich mat-
can be divided.
Molluscum. An uncommon tubercular disease

of the skin.
Multiform. Having many shapes.

(JLOSSARY.

Myalgia*1 JPain, or soreness, tenderness, in

or more muscles.
Myelitis. Inflammation of the spinal cord.
Myeloid. Resembling the spinal marrow.
Myocarditis. Inflamation of the muscular tissue

of the heart.
Myopia. Near-sightedness.

N.

Nebulous. Cloudy.

Nephralgia. Pain in the kidneys.

Nephritis. Inflammation of the Kidney.

Nervine. Affecting the nervous system.

Neuralgia. Pain, the seat of which is princi-
pally in the nerves.

Neuroma. A morbid enlargement of a nerve.

Neurosis. A nervous affection.

Nisus. Effort, attempt, active process.

Normal. Natural, regular, healthy.

Nosography. The description of diseases.

Nosology. The classification of dieases.

Nosophyte. A vegitation connected with, or
causative of disease.

Nucleolus. A central granule, or spot, within a
nucleus.

Nucleus. The central body within a ce.ll, being
itself frequently hollow.

o.

Ochlesis. Crowd poison.

Octohedral. Eight sided.

Odontalgia. Toothache.

Gredema. Swelling from watery effusion in the

cellular tissue.

Opth&lmia. Inflammation of the eye.
Opisthoiios. Arching of the body backwards.

1 04 GLOSSARY.

Optinisra. Tendency to the best possible result
Organography. Delineation of the organs in

their position*

Osteosarcoma. Cancerous tumor of bone.
Otalgia. Earache.
Ottis. Inflammation of the ear.
Otorrboea. Discharge from the ear.
Oxaluria. Presence of oxalic acid (as oxalate

of lime) in the urine.
Ozone. Oxygen in the nascent state, or with its

chemical activity otherwise intensified,

(dynamized).

P.

Palpation. Examination of the chest, etc. by

the touch.

Papula. A pimple.
Paracentesis. Tapping.

Paralysis. Loss of power or sensibility; palsey.
Paraplegia. Paralysis of the lower half of the

body."

Parenchyma. A glandular or other organic
structure, formed chiefly of ag-
gregated cells.

Parotetis. Inflammation of th' parotid gland.
Pathoguomonic. Positively distinctive or char-
acteristic of a certain disease.
Pathology. The study of the seat, nature, and
essential character and laws of dis-
ease.

Pellicular. Membranus.

Pemphigius. A bullar eruption upon the skin.
Percepta. Things perceived, impressions upon

the sense and brain. *
Pericarditis. Inflammation of the pericardium.

GLOSSARY. 105

Peripheral . (Connected with the surface or ex-
terior.

Peritonitis. Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Perturbation. Disturbance by an exterior or ex-
trinsic cause.

Pttechiae. Small purple spots in or under the
skin.

Phlebitis, Inflammation of a vein.

Pblegmasia. An inflammatory disease.

Phlogosis. Inflammation.

Photophobia. Dread of light.

Photopsia. Flashing of light before the eyes.

Phthisis. Phrenitis ieflamation of the kidneys.

Pulmonalis. Wasting, Phthisis pulmonalis, pul-
monary consumption.

Pica. Departed appetite.

Petyriasis. A disease of the skin, accompanied
by the exfoliation of minute scales.

Plasma. Organizable fluid; liquor sanguinis.

Plethora. Redundance of red blood,

Pleuritis. Pleurisy ; inflammation of the pleura.

Pleurodymia. Neuralgic pain in the region of
the pleura.

PI euro Pneumonia. Inflammation involving both
the lung and pleura.

Pleximeter. An instrument for mediate percus-
sion ; a stroke measurer.

Pneumonia. Inflammation of the lung.

Pneumothroax. Accumulation of air in the cav-
of the pelura.

Polydipsia. Excessive thirst.

Polysarcia. Obsity, fatness.

Pompholyx. A variety of pemphiugs.

Porrigo. A parasitic disease of the skin.

Post- Organic. Following organization; effete;
hsiviiig been organized, but no
longer capable of vitalization.

106 GLOSSARY.

Praecordial. Over or surrounding the heart.

Premonitory. Warning, threatening.

Prodromate. Forerunning signs or symptoms.

Prognosis. Foreknowledge.

Prophylactic. Prevent native.

Prurigo. An affection of .the skin characterized

>y great itching, with little or no rash.
Pruritus.? Itching.

Pseudo-Membrane. False membrane, i. e. mor-
bid or misplaced coagula
tion or organization of
Lymph.
Psora. Itch.

Psoriasis. A scaly disease of the skin.
Ptyalysium. Salivation, sore mouth.
Purpura. A hemmorrhagic affection of the skin.
Pyamnia. The presence or formation of pus in

the blood.
Pyelitis. Inflammation of the pelvis of tin*

kidney.
Pyrexia. Fever.

Q.

Quininzie. To place under the influence of Qui-
nine.

R.

Rabies Canina, Hydrophobia.

Rale. A rattling sound.

Ramule. A small branch.

Rationale. Explanation of a process or occurrence.

Recuperative. Restc rative, invigorating.

Reflex, Reflected. Occuring under the influence of a
transmitted excitation, as contrasted
with a direct stimulus.

Regurgitant. Flowing or escaping backward.

(il.oSSAUY. 107

Renal. Belonging to or effectidg the kidney.
Remittent. Having remissions i. e. periods of dimunition

of the symptoms (e. y. of fever) without

their total subsidence.
Resorption. Reabsorption.
Ketinitis. Inflammation of the retina. Resume, resuming,

recapitulation.

Revulsion. Driving to another part, driving back.
Rhuchus. A rattling or roaring, or other abnormal

sound, connected with respiration.
Rubeola, Morbilli. Measles.
Rupia. A bullar and scabbing disease of the skin.

S.

Saccharine. Of the nature of sugar.

Salivation. Excessive flow of saliva, usually with soreness

of the gums, coppery taste, \Tc.

Sanitary. Pertaining to the preservation of health.
Sarcina. A microscopic vegetation, growing in a square

or woolsack-like form.
Sarcoma. A fleshy tumor.
Scabies. Itch.
Schirrus. Hand cancer.
Sciatica. Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve.
Sclerotitis. Inflammation of the sclerotic coat of the

eye.

Scorbutus. Scurvy.
Semeiology. The study of the signs and symptoms of

disease.

Sensor-motor. Relating to movements which are con-
nected with sensations.

Sensonum. An aggregate term, including those portions
of the brain which are the centres of sensa-
tion and perception.
Sentient. Endowed with sensation.
Septic. Putrefaction or decaying.

Seriun. The fluid portion of blood after coagulation, or
after the ivmovel of its fibrin ; also, the liquid
transuding upon serious membranes ; the liquid
of certain dropsical effusion 8, &c.

108 GLOSSARY.

Sibilant. Hissing.

Soporific. Promotive of sleep.

Spauaemia Hydraemia. Poverty of blood.

Spermatozoa. Microscopic bodies found in the generative
fluid of the male.

Sphacelus. Sloughing.

Spirometry. The measurement of breathing power by the
quantity of air exhaled after a forced in-
spiration

Sporadic. Separate, independant occassional, not en-
demic, or epidemic or contagious.

Squauia. A scale.

Stasis, Stagnation. Arrest of movement.

Steatomalous. Fatty, consisting principally of fat.

Stercoraceous. Faecal.

Stertorous. Loud and snoring.

Stethometer. A chest measurer.

Stethoscope. A tube used for mediate auscultation,

Sthenic. Posessed of or attented by vigor and activity.

Stomatitis. Inflammation of the mouth.

Str ingury. Dysuria, ischuria.

Subscrepiiant. Crackling, but not typically identical
with the crepitant rale ; being a coarser
sound.

Subjective Originating in the mind, bruin, or other-
part of the individual ; as contrasted with
objective^ i. e. of external origin.

Subsultus Tendinum. Jerking of the teudous e. g. of
the wrist in low fever.

Succussion. Sudden shaking.

Sudamina. Minute transparent vesicles, often seen over
the breast or abdomen in low fever.

Sudorific. Promotive of perspiration.

Suggillation Collection of blood in spots under the
skin of the dead body.

Suppuration. The formation of pus.

Sycosis. Mentagra.

Syncope. Fainting ; suspended animation.

Synovia. The lubricating fluid of the joints.

Synurgic. Co-operative, working together.

GLOSSARY. 109

Septole. The act of contraction of the heart an<l arteries,
usually applied to the contractions of the ven
tricles.

T.

Tabes. Wasting ; atrophy.

Taenia. Tape worm.

Tegument. A covering ; skin.

Tenesmus Straining, bearing down.

Tentative. Experimental.

Tetanus. A disease characterized by muscular rigidity.

Therapeutic. Sanative ; medical ; restorative ; prorno-

tive of the cure of the disease.
Tinea. Ponigo, a disease of the skin, Tinea capitos,

contagious ringworm
Tonic. In Physiology and Pathology, as applied to the

muscles, tonic contraction means fixed rigidity.

In materia medic a and therapeutics, a tonic is

a stengthening medicine or agency.
Tormina. Griping pains.
Torula. A minute vegetation, found ( Torula cerevisiae)

in fermentig liquids.
Toxaemia. Blood poisoning.
Toxic. Poisonous.

Traeheitis. Inflammation of the trachae.
Transuldation. Passage of fluid through the walls of

vessels.

Traumatic. Resulting from a wound or injury.
Trichoma. Plica polonica.
Trismus Lock-jaw.

Tuberculization. The deposition of tubercle.
Tuberculosis. The development of the tubercular dia-
thesis.

Tumefaction. Swelling.

Turgescense. Distension with fluid, usually with blood.
Tussive. Connected with cough.
Tympanites. Distention of the abdomen with air.
Typical. Representative, characteristic.
Typhoid, Resembling, and yet not identical with typhus.

110 GLOSSARY.

Typhus. A form of low continued fever.

u.

Uraemia. The presence in the blood of the constituents

of urine from inaction of the kidneys.
Urina cibi vel Chpli. Urine of food or chyle, i. e. that

passed after a full meal.
Urina Saguinis. Urine of the blood, L e. that past in

the morning after sleep.

Urinometer. An instrument used to e^irnate the specific
gravity of urine ; by the distance to which
it sinks in the latter, as compared with that
to which it will sink in water.

V.

Vaccinia. Cow-pox ; vaccination.

Varicose. Dilated, enlarged, vains.

Variola. Small-pox.

Varioloid. Wild or modified small-pox.

Vascular. Well suplied with blood vessels.

Venesection. Blood-letting from a vein.

Venuca. A wart.

Vesical. Pertaining to the bladder.

Vesication. The production of a blister.

Vesicle. A small blister.

Vesicular. Composed of, or resembling, vesicles or small

cells.

Vibices. Large spots of effused blood under the skin.
Vibrio. A minute animalcule, rarely found in animal

tissues or cavities.
Vecarious. Substitutive.
Vitiligo. Partial discoloration of the skin.
Volvulus. Intussusception, one part of intestivc shoving
into another

DRUGS AND DOSES.

When not otherwise stated, the Doses for
Horse may be given to the Ox.

the

Arctic Acid, antidote to Acids, cooling astrin-
gent

Tincture of Aconite, sedative, diaphoretic..,

Alcohol, simulant, diuretic, narcotic

Brandy, Whisky, and Gin, stimulant, diuretic
narcotic

Strong Ale, l< 4<

Barbadoes Aloes, Purgative

Cape Aloes,

Alum, astringent

Ammonia Liquid, diffusable stimulant* anti-
spasmodic, anti-acid, diuretic

Aromatic Ammonia, " " "

Carbonate of Ammonia, " "

Muriate of Ammonia, stimulant, alterative
diuretic

Acetate of Ammonia, Solution, diaphoretic,
diuretic stimulant

ATI!- niachic carminative

rnony, T.-irt ari/ed, ( Tartar Emetic), sed-
ative, diaphoretic

A urn Nut, Vermifuge, Tar.iifuge

Arnica Tincture, stimulant, diuretic

riic. alterative nerve tonic

• etida, diffusable stimulant, carminative

vermifuge

Uige

i><»11:idonna. a: -modic,n:tre >tu

l>ell .-loir •. anodx lie. etc

Artopiii ( Alk Irtdoniia ). am-dyne,

!'>aU;uH <>f reru. Btimulant, ainispasmodic
expectorant .
-'in.

l>orax, nerve sedative, ut'erine stimulan:

HoR-K.

Ox.

1 Diachm 2 drachms
L'O-'HWps 3040Jr'ps
1 to 3 oz. 3 to 6 ozs

3 to 6 oz. 6 to I

pint I pts

3 dr to loz Gdr to 1 oz

1 to 2 oz- 1 to 2 ozs

2 to 3 ozs 3 to 4 drc

ounce 2 to 1 oz

1 to 2 ozs 2 to 4 ozs
•2 to 4 drc 4 to 6 drc

2 to 4 drc 4 to 6 drc

3 to 3 oz* 3 to 4 ozs
3 ounce 1 to *J

2 drachms *J to -i
1 ounce 1 ounce

1 drachm 1 drachm
5 grains r> to S grs.

2 drachm*- [ drachms
A to 1 07. 1 ounce

Dum» < -J oir
2 dra -Ire

1 to U ozs

ce
d

I to 1J ozs

c .1 to 1 oz

112

DISPENSATORY.

Bismuth Subnitrate, soothes irritation of the
stomach and bowels

Blackberry Root, astringent

Blue Stone, ( copper sulphate)

Bonfset, stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic

Bromide of Potassium, nerve sedative

Buchu, stimulant diuretic

Calomel, purgative

Camphor, calmative, anti-spasmodic

Cantharides, stimulant, diuretic

Capsicum, Cayenne Pepper, stimulant, aro-
matic

Caraway Seed, stomachic

Cardimons, "

Cascarilla, stimulant, bitter tonic

Carbolic Acid, sedative, anodyne, astringent,
anti-septic disinfectant

Castor Oil, purgative

Catechu, astringent

Chamomile, stimulant tonic

Cherry Bark, Wild, expectorant

Chloral Hydrate, sedative anti-spasmodic

Chloroform, stimulant

Cinchona, Peruvian Bark, bitter tonic, anti-
septic, anti-periodic

Cinnamon, stomachi c

Codliver Oil, tonic

Colchicum, diuretic, sedative

Columbo, bitter tonic

Conium Extract, sedative ,

Copavia, stimulant diuretitic expectorant ,

Copper Ammoniated, tonic, anti- spasmodic
astringent

Copper, Iodide, tonic discutient

Copper, Sulphate; tonic, astringent

Croton Seeds, purgative

Croton Oil, "

Cream of Tartar, diuretic

Dandelion Extract, Taraxacum, diuretic, lax-
ative, bitter

Digitilis, sedative, diuretc

Dovers Powders, sedative, diaphoretic ,

Ergot, checks bleeding, parturient

Ether, diffusible, stimulant

Fennel Seed, stomachic

Felix Mas Extract, Male Shield Fern, vermi

2 drachms
2 to 4 drc

to 1 oz
2 to 4 drc

4 drachms

drachm
1 to 2 drc

5 grains

2 to 3 drc
ounce
ounce
to 1 oz.

to 1 drc

1 pint

2 to 5 drc.
1 ounce

ounce

ounce

1 to 2 drc.

1 to 3 ozs,
4 to 6 drc
4 to 6 ozs.
J to 1 drc
4 to 6 drc

1 drachm

2 to 4 drc

1 to 2 drc
1 to 2 drc
J to 1 drc
10 to 12oy
15to20dp
1 ounce

2 to 4 drc

1 ounco

4 drachms
} to 1 oz.

to 2 drc

2 to 4 drc

5 to 10 gr.

2 to 4 drc
1 to 2 ozs.

to 2 oz.
1 ounce

1 drachni
I to 1 J pt.

3 to 8" drc
1 to 2 oz.
| ounce

ounce

1 to 3 oz
to 1 oz
6 to 8 ozs.
1 to 2 drc
\ to 1 oz
1 to 2 drc
3 to 4 drc

1 to 2 drc

1 to 2 drc

15 to 20oz
20to30dps
1 ounce

1 to 1 J oz. 2 ounces
15to20grgta to 1 drc
3 drachms 3 to 4 drc

to 1 oz

1 ounce

1 to 2 ozs. J2 to 3 ozs.
1 ounce 1 to 2 oz

mSI'KNSAT<>KY.

113

fuge, tacuiacide

Galls Oak, astringent

Gallic and Tannic Acid, Tannum, astringent,.

Gentian, bitter tonic

(linger, stimulant stomachic

Glauber Salts, Soda Sulphate

Henbane, Hyoscyacumus Extract, sedative,

antispasm odic, narcotic

Hemp, Indian Extract, antispasmodic, supor-

ific, narcotic

Hydrocyanic Acid, (Prussic)

Iodine, alternative, discutient

Iodide of Potassium, alterative, diuretic

Iron Peroxide, tonic

Iron Carbonate <4

Iron Sulphate tonic

Iron Iodide, tonic discutient

Iron, Tincture of Muriate, astringent, check

bleeding

Kuio, astringent

Laudanum, (Opium)

Lead, Acetate, ( Sugar of Lead) astringent,

sedative

Lime Water, anti-acid, astringent

Lime, Carbonate, Chalk, anti-acid, astringent

Lime, Chloride, Chlorinated, checkes tympany,

disinfectant

Linseed Oil, laxative

Lobelia, sedative, anti-spasmodic, expecto
rant

Magnesia, anti-acid, antidote to arsenic

Magnesia Sulphate, Epsom Salts, laxative

Mallow, demulcent, freely

Mrntha Piperita ( Peppermint) ,

Mercury, sub-chloride calomel

Muriatic Acid, Hydraulic Acid, tonic astrin-
gent, caustic disinfectant ,

Myrrh, stimulant tonic

Nitre Potassa, nitrate

Nitric Acid, tonic, astringent, caustic

NuxVomica, nerve stimulant, tonic

Oak Bark, astringent ,

Olive Oil, laxative

Opium, narcotic, sedative, anodyne, anti
spasmodic

Opiuni Tincture, Laudanum " '*

Morphia Muriate, narcotic, " "

1 ounce
4 to 6 drc
1 to 3 scr
4 drachms -£

2 drachms 2 to 4 drc

I to 1 drc

10to20 grs 20 to30 gr

1 to 1

2 to 4

1 ounce

1 to 2 ozs.

to 1 oz
2 ounces

drc
drc

2 to 4 drc

2 to 4 drc

to 2 drc

to 1 oz.
\ ounce

1 to 2 scr.
4 to 5 oz.

1 to 2 oz.

2 to 4 drc
1 to 2 pts

1 to 2 drc
1 to 2 ozs.

[1 drachm
2 to 4 drc

1 drachm
10to30gr20to40g
1 ounce
1 to 2 pts

I to 2 ozs
3 to 6 grs.

I to 2 drc
4 drachms

1 to 2 drc

1 to 2 ozs.
to 1 ozs.

2 to 3 scr.
4 to 8 rzs.
2 to 4 ozs.

I to 2 qts.

1 to 3 drc.

2 to 4 ozs.
1 to 2 Ibs

2 drachms
4 to 6 drc.

2 drachms
rs

2 to 4 ozs.
2 to 3 pt.

to 2 drc 2 to 4 drc.

2 ounces.
5 to 10 gr.

114

DISPENSATORY.

1'eppcrmint Oil, stomachic, anti-spasmodic...

Peruvian Bark, (Cinchona,)

Pepper; Black, White, j-toraachic, stimulant...

Pimento, stomachic, stimulant

Podophyllin, purgative, sedative

Pomegrarite, Root, Bark, vermifuge

Potass, Acetate, anti-ncid, diuretic, dia-
phoretic

Potassa, Nitrate, diuretic, febrifuge

Potassia, Bicarbonate, anti-acid, diuretic

Potassa, Chlorate, stimulant, diuretic, re-
frigerant, anti-septic

Potassium, Iodide, ( Iodine;

Potassium, Bromide, nerve sedative

Potassium, Cyanide, sedative, anti-spasmodic

Prunus Virginiaca, (Wild Cherry)

Prussic Acid, sedative, anti-spasmodic .

20 drops

2Gto30dps

2 drachms 3 drachms
2 drachms 3 drachms
|l to 2 drc 2 drachms
1 ounce 1 to 2 oz?.

6 to 8 drc 1 ounce
6 to 8 drc 1 ounce
6 to 8 drc 1 ounce

Quinia Sulphate, bitter tonic

Rhubarb, laxative tonic

Resin, diuretic

Soap, diuretic, anti-acid, laxative

Soda Bicarbonate, anti-acid, diuretic

Soda, Sulphite, Bisulphite, Hyposulphite, an-
ti-septic, disinfectant, alterative, relieves
tympany

Soda Sulphate ( Glauber Salts) purgative

Sodium Chloride ( Common Salt), tonic, verm
ifuge, purgative

1 ounce
1 to l|lbs.

1 to 2 ozs.

Santonin Wormseed, semen contra, vermifuge ^ to 1 oz.

drachm
5 grains

Squill, diuretic, expectorant.

Silver Nitrate ( Lunar Caustic), nerve tonic...

Spanish Flies (Canlharides) ...

Spigelia, vermifuge J to 1 oz

Strychnia, nerve tonic 1 to 2 grs

Sulphur, expectorant, diaphoretic 3 to 4 ozs.

Sulphur, laxative, alternative 1 ounce

Sweet Spirits of Nitre, Spirits of Nitrous
Ether, stimulant, anti spasmodic, diuretic
diaphoretic 1 to 2 ozs.

1 to 4 drc

^ ounce
1 to 2 grs

20to39dps30to40dps

20 grains
1 ounce
4 to 6 drc

1 to 2 ozs.
4 to 6 drc

20to30 grs

2 ounces

to 1 oz

4 to 8 drc.

Stramonium, narcotic, sedative.

Sulphuric Acid, tonic, refrigerant, caustic...

Tobacco, sedative, anti-spasmodic, vermifuge

Tar, expectoran, anti-septic

Turpentine Oil, stimulant, anti-spasmodic,
diuretic .,

1 to 2 ozs.

2 grains

to 3 ozs.
to 2 Ibs

2 to 4 ozs.

to 1 drc
to 8 grs.

to 2 07-S.

10 3 grs.
to 0 ozs.
to 2 ozs.

to 4 ozs.

20to30grs| to 1 drc
1 drachm 2 to 4 drc
4 drachms 4 to 6 drc
to 1 oz. \ to 2 ozs.

1 to 1| oz..

llf,

Valerian, diffusable stimulant, anti. spasmodic

vermifuge

Veratrum, Sedative

Wild Cherry Bark, expectorant

Zinc Carbonate, astringent tonic

Zinc Sulphate, " "

2 ounces
1 scruple

1 ounce

2 drachms
1 to 2 drc

2 to 4 ozs.

to 1 drc

ounce

2 to 4 drc

2 to 3 drc

INDEX.

A.

Afterbirth 88

Approach of Calving 85

Anasarea, or Dropsy of the

Body 53

B.

Bone Spavin 18

Bleeding 41

Bots and Worms 43

Broken Wind. 49

Bronchitis 55

Bronchocele, or Goitre 58

Black Tongue 82

a

Castration of Colts 12

Colic 13

Choking 23

Cerebro Spinal Meningetis

or Cerebro Spinal fever... 59

Cleansing, or Removal of

Afterbirth 78

D.

Dysentery 10

Diabetes 24

Diarrhoea 51

Dispensatory Ill

F.

Farcy.

66

Falling, or Inversion of the
womb 79

G.

Glanders 58

Glossary 90

H.

Hydrothorax, or Dropsy of

the Chest 56

HoofBound 64

Hernia, or Rupture 80&81

Horn-ail and Tail-ail 82

I.

Inflammation of Stomach
and Bowels 14

j.

Jaundice, or Yellow Water.. 47

L.

Lameness of the Coffin Joint 52

M.

Mamitis 79

o.

Ox-ticks-recipe for De-
stroying 76

p.

Poll evil 22

116

INDEX.

Physicing 42

Pneumonia 44

Pleuritis, or Pleurisy 48

Puerperal fever 84

B.

Ringbone 16

Retention of Urine 19&62

Rheumatism of the Breast.. 65

Recipes 67

s.

Sign of Disease in the

Horse 9

Sweeney 16

Splint 18

Scours, or Purging 20

Surfeit 46

Spasmodic Colic 63

Spanish, or Texan Fever.... 74

T.

Thumps, or spasmodic Act-

tion of the Diaphragm.... 41

w.

Worms 21

INDEX TO APPENDIX,

Epizootic of 1872, or Spinal Meningetis 117

Inflammation of the Eyes 122

Periodic Ophthalmia, or Moon Blindness 124

Hog Cholera, or Intestinal Fever 120

Blood Poisoning.., 126

APPENDIX. •

EPIZOOTIC.

A specific epizootic fever of a low form con-
nected with inflammation of tbe respiratory, or
mucous membranes of the throat and lungs, and it
has prevailed from time to time in different parts
of the world choosing its victims from almost
every species of domestic animals from the swift
courser to the slow draft or cart-horse, on and
onward until from the most noble and useful it
attacks the domestic pets. But the horse (through
man's abuse) being the common prey to this
terrible disease he must naturally command our
principal attention.

CAUSES : Almost innumerable are the causes
ascribed to this terrible malady, among the
principal of which are the following, as generally
set down, viz. peculiar conditions of soil and
climate, volcanic action, atmospheric electricity,
aerial moisture or dryness, density or levity
season, temperature, winds, calms, ozone and
antozone have been set down as its causes and
comparable with the thousend causes ascribed
to all the various maladies are but speculative at
best and really of but insignificant importance in
comparison with the remedies that are calculated
to cure this terrible disease. The terrible epizootic
of this country in 1872 was preceded and accom-
panied in Michigan by an excess of ozone, but
the same excess did not by any means control its

118 APPENDIX.

circulation in other states, which were traversed
by gradual progression, and with a rapidity
proportionate to the celerity of communication.
Again insular, and sequestered localities escaped,
viz Prince Edward's and Vancouver's islands, Key
West. Hayti, St. Domingo, Jamaica and Lapaz.
The island of Cuba became victimized through
the importation of American horses, but stopped
at Panama, where there is no horse traffic on
account of the state of the country.

SYMPTOMS : This affection comes on sud-
denly with great weakness and stupor. The head
often inclines downwards with closed, or halfclosed
lusterless eyes, and apparent dread of motion,
with swaying unsteady gait whenever he attempts
to moove, with cracking of the joints. The appetite
is lost, mouth hot and clammy, bowels costive,
urine scanty and high colored, pulse accelerated
and weak (sometimes hard), more or less cough,
which is deep painful and hacking, cropitation, or
harsh blowing sounds are discovered in the Chest,
and membrane of nose is of a bright pink or dull
leaden hue, and the ears and legs alternately cold
or hot, hair rough, skin tender, and frequently
trembling ; The nose is found discharging a
yellowish white, or greenish matter, which ushers
in the critical stage of this disease, when by
strictest care the horse may change for the better,
and speedily recover,, or an increasingly heavy
breathing, deep and painful cough, with difficult
respiration, and dullness on percussion convince
even the ordinary practitioner that the lungs are
seriously involved ; and at this critical stage may
present the symptoms common to Pleurisy,
Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Hydrothorax, Pericardi-
tis, Hydropericardium &c. Clots may sometimes
form in ventricles or auricles of the heart bringing

APPENDIX. 119

the case to a speedy and fatal termination. An-
other distinct phase of this disease convinces us
that (if not the true seat of the affection) we have
a serious if not a fatal complication of the Ab-
dominal vicera to combat, which are ushered in
by torpor, stupor, tention and tenderness of the
Abdominal walls — evinced by colicky pains,
ardent thirst, coated tongue, yellowness of mem-
branes of nose and eyes, yellow or reddish urine,
costive bowels, and dung in pellet like form
and thickly coated with mucus. Rheumatic swel-
ling and tenderness may take place of muscles
and joints, lasting for months ; in others, paraly-
sis or delirium ensue or, finally, severe inflam-
mation of the eyes take place.

TREATMENT : Overcome attendant costiveness
by giving one third to one half pint linseed oi} and
bountiful injections of warm water repeating both
sufficiently often to keep the bowels open but not
to the extent of weakening catharsis. Give
febrifuge diuretics, such as liquor, acetate Am-
monia, Spirit nitrous Ether, with anodynes
(extract Belladonna) and when fever subsides
and great prostration comes on, stimulants, such
as Nitrous Ether, aromatic spirits Ammonia,
Carbonate, Ammonia, and tonics such as fluid
extract Gentian or Quassia may be given. But
in case of great difficult of respiration, Pleuritic,
Pneumonic, or any of the more common symp-
toms of this character too prompt use cannot be
made of the following remedies, viz : Aqua Am-
monia, Fortis and Olive oil equal parts, and
mustard paste with which rub throat, chest, and
abdomen frequently as the case may require, to
subdue accompanying inflammation, and should
all the foregoing remedies fail, do not neglect
blistering or even bleeding, before the strength is

120 APPENDIX.

too far exhausted. Keep horse in warm well
ventilated stable free from one sided draught
and feed soft mashes, carrots, pumpkins, pota-
toes or anything of a laxative and nourishing
tendency, observing most strictly to keep the
horse warmly covered, and in no case driven into
a worry sweat. The practitioner must always
keep in mind the very liable complications of at
least a sympathetic (if not original) affection of
stomach and bowels, and recollect that it is very
safe (when not always requisite) to add the follow-
ing demulcents in every case viz : slippery elm,
marsh mallows or flax seed, accompanied with
Anodynes, Laudanum, Aconite Balladonna &c,,
in doses according, size, age, and condition of
horse and aggravation of symptoms. Should
much excitement of brain ensue wet cloths, ice,
mustard or blisters according to severity of
symptoms, accompanied purgatives, anodynes or
whatever the ease may indicate, and if any rheu-
matic complication should appear, use Tr. Col-
chicum Propylamine, Acetate Potassa, turpen-
tine, warmth, and all the most advisable means
recommended in that afflicting disease.

HOG CHOLERA,

or intestinal fever of swine, is a specific, conta"
gious disease common to hogs attended by con-
gestion, exudation, extravasation of blood and
ulceration of the membrane of the stomach and
bowels, by liquid fetid diarrhea, by general heat
and redness of the surface, and by the appearance
on the skin, and mucous membranes of spots
and patches of a scarlet, purple or black color,

APPENDIX. 121

and proves fatal in from one to six days, or ter-
minates in a tedious uncertain recovery.

SYMPTOMS : It breaks out after exposure
in from three days to a week in warm weather,
and from 8 to 15 days in cold weather, and is
attended with shivering dullness, prostration,
burying themselves in the litter, indisposition to
motion, hot, dry snout, sunken eyes, wabbling
gait, poor appetite, urgent thirst, heat of body
103 to 105 dgr. Fh., and the pulse about 103 to
105. Accompanied with heat, redness and ten-
terness of the skin are found red and black spots,
the former disappearing on pressure, while the
latter remain, the tongue is heavily coated, pulse
small, weak and rapid, breathing quick, and
often attended with a hard dry cough, nausea and
vomiting, are often accompanying symptoms ;
great ado on pressure of the belly, bowels some-
times costive throughout, but more generally an
exhaustive relax comes on about the third day
with very fetid and offensive discharges. Lymph
and blood often pass off with discharges of the
bowels, and before death the poor animal looses
control of hind limbs, often sinking into complete
stupor, attended with muscular trembling, twitch-
ing and involuntary passages of the bowels.

CAUSES : Is generally brought on by con-
tagion but faults in diet may be concerned in its
developement. The contagion is said to be borne
half a mile in the wind and is with difficulty
eradicated from pens, &c.

TREATMENT : Should not permissible (or
mixed) unless in a free and disinfected atmos-
phere. Feed well boiled, barley gruel, or gruel
of rye, likewise thoroughly boiled ; but should
the foregoing excite or augment the fever, feed

122 APPENDIX.

corn starch, made with new milk, let the drink be
fresh cool water a little soured with Sulphuric
acid ; and if bound in the bowels give Castor oil
or Rhubarb (as called in prescriptive vocabulary)
and injections of warm water followed by fever
medicines (Nitrate of Potash and Bi-sulphite of
Soda) If uour hog survives the shock of the first
few days and presents signs of ulceration of the
bowels (known by bloody dung and tender belly)
^ive oil of Turpentine, 15 to 25 drops night and
morning, and follow with tonics and plenty of
soft feed as before decribed.

PBEVENTION : As soon as you see any symy-
;oms of this (or any distemper like affection) you
3an not divide to soon the sound and unsound,
;horoughly desinfecting pen and everything with
vhich the diseased may have come in contact, and
lo not let any that have died remain without
Durial, at once kill and bury all hopeless victims,
ipply thermometer within the sectum and if heat
s above 103 dgr. Fh. destroy, or remove all such to
i free and healthy place beyond any possibility
}f conveying contagion to others, or kill and bury
it once as before directed. Feed animal or vege-
table charcoal, Bi-sulphite of Soda, Carbolic acid,
:>r Sulphate of Iron to the healthy, avoiding all
suspected food, places, or even water that has
^een frequented by deceased hogs. Observe the
extensive and rigid use of disinfectants, and by
10 means forget to keep the sound free from the
contaminated.

[NFLAMATION OF THE EYE -OPHTHALMIA.

Either recent or continuous inflammation of the
3ye arises from the same general causes, by blows,
hay seed, chaff, dust, lime, thorns, or any external

APPENDIX. 123

violence done to the eye as well as any foreign
substance that may come in contact with that
delicate organ as \vell as the influence of cold
currents which may not only inflame the imme-
diate coats of the eye and lachrymal duct but
derange the whole normal condition of that deli
cate organ. This organ may likewise be affected
by a worm called Filaria LacJirimalis, lodged
inside the eyelids and in pigs of the measle blad-
der worm which is called Cysticerus Cellulosu,
lodged in the fat around the eye The general
symptoms of this disease are a more or less in-
flamed appearance of the lids and coats of the
eye, invariably discharging a watery fluid, and
in the beginning always attended with heat in
proportion to severity of inflammatory stage. In
a short time after first attack (if not at once
cured) a bluish white film appears over the sight
but does not penetrate deeper than transparent
part of the eye-ball. The swelling of the eyelids
may sometimes be so great as to fill up the hollow
above the eye. There is apparently an entire
absence of sensibility on exposure to light as in
a sound state of the eye which establishes the
mechanical fact that the film covering the eye
shields the optic nerve from the irritating influence
of light or that the shock of disease has tempor-
arily paralized the sensibility of the optic nerve.
TREATMENT : The practitioner must first
submit affected eye to a careful but thorough exam-
ination that he may know wether any foreign
irritative substance is producing the disease pres-
ent, and in case hay-seed, chaff, dust, sand or
any floating object is found it may be removed
with a handkerchief and a thin, flat curved stick
if the surgeon is in possession of no better instru-
ment. Should the offending object be thorn,

124 AHPENDIX.

splinter or any object imbeded in the coats
of the eye the surgeon of course will choose
or invent such an instrument as may be best
adapted to the nature of the case before him. On
the other hand should the inflammation present
be the result of external violence and no irri-
tative lodgement in the eye, the remedies must be
of a cooling, palliative, or constitutional nature.
Let the horse be kept in a dry comfortable stable,
free from passing currents and not subject to too
bright a light, and his eye, or eyes, kept well and
often wet with preparation of sugar of lead, 1
drachm, or sulphate of zinc, with addition of 10
grains morphia to 1 pint water, and keep the
bowels well open with Glauber's salt or Aloes,
giving frequent injections of warm water andcast-
ile soap, If the stable should be sufficiently light
to affect returning sensibility of optic nerve, it
must be darkened or eye shielded by adequate
shade of dark green silK prepared in form of a
pad. Perseverance in the above treatment with
strict quietude and lightvdiet, such as bran mash,
carrots, pumpkins and potatoes is usually all
sufficient to obviate all ordinary cases of inflam-
mation of the eyes to which I will add as a natur-
al beneficial remedy if available in warm weather,
turn out during the night to grass by himself so
that he may not be overheated through the chase-
ing of horses which is often the case when in
company.

PEEIODIO OPHTHALMIA, OR MOON BLINDNESS.

In passing over the gulf between simple
inflammation (or ophthalmia) to periodic oph-
thalmia, or moon-blindness, we pass by various
accidents (as we will style them) rather than
diseases, denominated under the following heads,

APPENDIX. 125

viz: " White Speks and Cloudiness of the Eye,"
"Ulcers of the Transparent Cornea," ' 'Tumors of
Transparent Cornea," arid "Retuntis", and come
down "at once to description of the subject before
us, namely, moon-blindness, or periodic ophthal-
mia. Causes — This disease of such fatal forebod-
ing to the intelligent and experienced veternarian
is ascribed to hereditary predisposition ; breed-
ing in dark, damp, cloudy or marshy localities ;
keeping in close, dark, and badly arranged
stables ; forceing beyond any reasonable speed ;
pulling beyond their reasonable load, or any-
thing that is calculated to overtax the true nerve
strength.

SYMPTOMS : In many cases there is great
tension and solidity of the eye-ball, with an ap-
parent disposition to sink deeper in its socket.
The difference between this and simple inflam-
mation is that (unless cured) it comes on once in
one to three months observing about the same
interval until the poor sufferer is finally left to
grope his way through life in total darkness. In
the lucid intervals the transparent part of the eye
(or sight) retains a heavy bluish appearance
around its margin; the iris loses its natural lustre
and the anterior chamber begins to present more
or less deposit at its lower part, and the upper
eyelid is bent at an unnatural curve about one
third of its lenght from the inner angle, and
after a few similar attacks a cataract is formed,
and the case almost universally beyond the reach
of all reasonable hope of cure in any possible
way.

PREVENTION: This disease like many others
being of a hereditary nature, avoid most scrupu-
lously propagating stock from either sire or dam
affected with this disease or that have lost either

126 APPENDIX.

or both eyes in any other way than by violence :
as the foal of stock thus hereditarily tainted are
always liable sooner or later to loose their eyes
in the same lingering way umay be slow but will
be sure."

TRAETMENT : Should case in question be of
a rheumatic form, use fluid tincture of Colchicum,
and the alkaline remedies. Carbonate or Acetate
Potassa or soda freely. Where great and increas-
ing tension or hardness of the eyeball is found it
should be treated with irridactomy which can
only successful be done by the experienced veter-
inary surgeon. Keep system well toned up with
Oxide of Iron, Nux Vomica, Ginger, Fowlers
Solution &c., and as soon as the violence of the
fever is abated let the horse be put upon such
course of diet, as is calculated to improve his con-
dition, and buoy up his system against the
violence of any future. Through foregoing means
(where case in question has not pursued its
natural course until hopeless) perseveringly ad-
hered to in from 12 to 20 days you may depend
upon a decided improvement if not a radical cure
without any such superstitious and barbarous
practice as burning the gums with actual cautery,
or the yet more cruel (if possible) operation of
knocking out with hammer and punch the sup-
posed offenders, or with blacksmith's tongs or
pincers, or little less lacerating veterinary forceps
to tear out by violence the teeth which nature' in
time will always eradicate.

BLOOD-POISONING FROM IMPERFECT OXIDATION OF

ALBUMINOID, AZOTOEMIA, AZOTUBIA, ENZOOTIC

HEMATURIA, OR SPINAL MENINGETIS.

Symptoms : — This disease presents in various
forms and in the milder, shows itself by muscular

APPENDIX. 127

tremors, some lameness in a particular limb,
without any perceptible cause, and is ushered in
subsequent to sudden exertion, and is attended
with a dusky brown color of the membranes of
the eye and nose, and some signs of tenderness on
pressure over the short ribs. The most severe
forms come on very suddenly after having driven
a very short distance, the horse suddenly losing
his life and showing great anxiety and despond-
ency. The victim is in great apparent pain ; his
flanks heave, nostrils are enlarged, the face is
pinched, sweats profusely; trembles violently ;
his limbs sway and bend, and finally refusing to
support their tottering sufferer he falls. If urine
is passed it is highly colored, being dark brown,
red or black, and is often mistaken for bloody,
but is found to contain neither clots nor corp-
uscles of blood, its color being produced by im-
perfect oxidation of Albuminoid mixed with an
excess of Uria* Although prostrate the animal
at intervals is convulsed in limbs and body,
demonstrating the uncontrolable influence of the
poison on the nervous system. The pulse is
variable but high ; temperature of the body
natural at first, but rises slightly in case the
animal survives. This disease may prove fatal
in a few hours or days at farthest or improvement
take place at almost any time advancing to
speedy recovery. The blood is dark, difflerent,
coagulates loosely if at all, and has'a strong smell.
In some cases of recovery partial paralysis of the
hind limbs or wasting of the crural nerve and
muscles above the stifle, will sometimes persist
for a time, showing structural nervous disease.
Prevention is to be sought by daily exercise.
Where horses have had a time of rest, let them
beexercised at first gently by walking, increase-

128 APPEND IY.

ing the exercise each day until hardened suf-
ficiently to endure ordinary fatigue.

TREATMENT: Evacuate the bowels, and excite
the liver into action by the use of podophyllin
•J- drachm, or of Aloes 4 drachms. May be given
by drench and followed by injections of soapsuds
and fresh lard if necessary. Drachm doses of
Bromide Potassium may be administered as
often as necessary to lull any nervous excitement
accompanying, and after the bowels have been
reasonably acted upon, ^ drachm doses of Col
chicum and drachm doses of Muriate of Ammonia
three times a day. Warm fomentations to the
body, and particularly to the loins, have been
efficacious, not only in relieving the irritation of
the liver, spinal marrow and kidneys, but like-
wise secures free perspiration which assists in
driving out the disease. A newly removed sheep
skin may be substituted for the fomentation (if,
convenient) applied by putting flesh side next to
the horse and following with mustard plaster.
When the appetite returns the diet must be com-
posed of bran at first scalded with hot water, and
may gradually be increased to shorts, midlings,
or choped grain as the case may admit or require.
In case the paralitic affection does not yield with
the subsidence of the general symptoms treat as
for functional paralysis.

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