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Heh Lis SE =F a = Diet es SO Pat eps n FES 3 = Etre FLILS DE = ; =" = Seat : DIE ist : sise pese = ete aes tes i ai Sears IS Es = Seeteteretote : Se ue S 52 Oe DU Ai ALL AQ HI TNT Ah ah YU , Het ve Ter sesese EST 5 SIF De A cs J 7 À" ci rm HSE AU wey hak a LE te a i + Satis th 4 EL See a = bah AR ESS : ess == eat SL TS MS M. = À em += LES et ee ee HT D AB ME CE CES NAS eu NU M LE DORE en DE CE M SMS = MEME EE MP à ME > St ee ot ee IT at LI LI 3 DT A1 Ai HE : : Stet = ee à LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 15,891 BEQUEST OF WILLIAM BREWSTER | mu: dl, 190. a [_J|WILLIAM_ BREWSTER] FEB 21 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/hummingbird21892bouc a à So ES a Fk UE ALS Ay DR ON il { 1 PS ds oe Vy? he Humming Bird A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY < We BOW CA RD LE ME S oo bo yun SiS Ss a SI 2 D = > D ÈS RS BOS SE We y, = ÈS >= Sm À. SSS Ss RES SE = VOLUME II, 1892 LONDON A. Boucarp, 225, High Hoisporn, W. C. —— 1892 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED € ng oe, th , uh Rs ay yf i Fe é ae ñ i : Rd # i ni sen ie at SS The Humming Bird. NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS AND INSECTS Described in vol. II of THE HUMMING BIRD AVES TROCHILI Pages PHATHORNIS RUPURIMI, Boucard . Ma wee te HELIODOXA'BERLEPSEH), Boucard. : °° 2: 1. - . Scie NT HERIOTRYPHA SIMOND DOMGATG NU LU ER UE el so Moe 76 HERTANGELUS: BOTSGHIED gm ObeGands ea. ore is. oes ofS Ge og. 77 ERIOCNEMIS ALBOGULARIS, Boucard . . . . . . DE AE CR eee 78 GHEOROSTIEBONESPMCIOSA, board 0 aoe bee Lt a8 79 SAUCEROTTIA NUNEZI, Boucard. . . PW NS APE Fee ANE heh Sate, #1 URANOMITRA COLUMBIANA, Boucard . . . . . . . APE ATEN CROP PHÆTHORNIS PAN\MENSIS, Boucard. . . . Uwe PER at 4 LPO HomMoeHANIALAWRENCEI, Boucard. . . BAT AMEN ENT Lee TRACER 81 FORMICARIDÆ FoRMICIVORA sTICTOCORYPHA, Boucard and Berlepsch . . . . . 44 INSECTÆ COLEOPTERA CICINDELIDÆ MANMGOnA GRUD, Boucard 2.12 D'UN MERE MT LE: AD DIPTERA DENIMAOMYAT GENICHEATA Bigot + 00 Le RE NA eee NEW SPECIES OF HUMMING BIRD, described IN THE GENERA OF HUMMING BIRDS LOPHORNIS HAUXWELLI. BOUCArd 00 sea ee NE 7 | CONTENTS OF VOL. II. DESCRIPTION OF A SUPPQSED NEW SPECIES OF HUMMING BirD, in DOUCHE MSNM Maken ES re DIE CO are toe Gombe aa ty, 2 4 Tae Wortp’s FAIR, INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION oF CHICAGO, De been), “e 30, 46, 66, 88, 98 REVIEW OF NEW SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. . . . . . 6 NOTES ON THE RARE PHEASANT RHEINARDIUS OCELLATUS . LIT Mel 9 BOURSE RNCRIVEDE SAN ES ANS, Oak 16 CELEBRATED GALLERY OF OLD Masters. OF THE LATE GENERAL MARQUESS DE GARBARINO.. . Pg ee ee 17 _ Customs TARIFF or GREAT- BRITAIN | AND > IRELAND. MP et, igen es Boe ORPLUVRY <3 LE NE is Se BiocrapuicaL Notes on Henry WALTER BATES F. R. Sey eben NÉS ponent ET LE poe ee A JO OT LL ET 96 AMERICAN PEARLS. . . DEMAIN ES, ER RMS 2 4 on FISH FROM VOLCANUIS. . . EEE PA OR Pare, Paths EN EN NT ARE 34 NÉENIEARGE RARES ar), Cabs Mes : Sat : 34 PMN EIR ARENA EC. Re a OR ean | See 39 The Humming Bird. Pages. List OF BIRDS COLLECTED, BY Mr Harpy at Porto-Rzat, Brazin with description of one supposed new epee by Messrs Boucard and Count Berlepsch. . . . tr 41 DESCRIPTION OF A SUPPOSED NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MANTI- cora, «CICINDELIDZ » from Damara Land, South Africa, by A. Boucard? yee re Mice: 45 DESCRIPTION D'UNE ESPÈCE NOUVELLE DE Dirtére Sikacrana: DE Costa Rica, ORNITHOMYIA GENIC LATA, par M. J. Bigot . . 49 Toe COMPLETION OF THE PANAMA CanaL, By A. Boucard. . 50-57 A COMPLETE LIST, UP TO DATE, OF THE HUMMING BiRDS FOUND in COLUMBIA, With descriptions of several supposed new species, by“ A. ‘Boucard 6-7 uti ass ME Ue ENTORSES CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. . . . : mea EE FESTIVITIES AND EXUIBITIONS, HELD IN HONOUR OF CHRISTOPHER CoLUMBUS IN AMERICA, SPAIN, ITALY AND FRANCE . . . . 99:490 AMERICA, by A. Boucard. ‘ 2 PR NME MR SUR ape 27 105 Le CANAL DE Panama, by A. Boucards-¢=. 0 Jr 490 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION TN MONACOAS MARS : pated A NEW EMISSION OF POSTAGE STAMPS. . . . . . ee a hos REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. . . . . | 423 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITHSO- NIAN INSTITUTION, 1890 1891 .... . Re O7 CATALOGUE OF Brns IN THE Britisa Museum, Vol. XX. 4891. 124 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS IN THE BriTIsH MUSEUM Vol. XVI. 1892. 124 CATALOGUE OF BirDs IN THE Britica Museum. Vol XXII, 1392. 126 Zoorocicaz Recorp, Vol XXVIII, 1892 . . saws ee OG PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society OF LONDON, 1899. 197 Tus Isis, Vol. fVe SixthoSemes isa ees 42% MÉMOIRES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, Vol.V, 1892. 129 Memortas Y REVISTA DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA, ANTONIO ADZATDES ASOD 00) ANR 130 ACTES DE LA SOCIETE SCIENTIFIQUE DU Cur. Vol. i 1892 . 130 Tue ENToxoLoGistT s MonTHLy Macazine, 18€2 .... . 450 OTHER PUBLICATIONS REGEIVED (2205 OMS 0 9 480 OBITUARY ..6- 22.4 et te Eo od RENE EM AUGUST VON PELZEN . se a Se SE PER «geil Ol MAS Cai eae PR Dom. PEDRO. D'ALCENTARA NN ET ee) See nei eee eee M.ALPHAND . = : vo, NP UN PCT RUN Samer co Fe ets ae MONSEIGNEUR FREPPEL AT LS Sat ae y Ut SO AIR ARMAND DE QUATREFAGES DE BRÉAU ek eee toi LM Duke OF CLARENGE ici 5 li EE We pee. se eo ene cane Henry | WaLTeR (BATES 40h. aks RO ENS 24, 26, 134 ETIENNE ARAGO . . . PER AE M PAT SR PRET MR RE: HERMANN -CHARLES BURMEISTER rod Re LE eS ee LUE 134 CARL=-AUGUST DORN. CEE ; mete att pera MansHaL DA FONSECA . . . . ARR es LS CN RE sie 7408 ERNEST RENAN HR NT Als oe ee A ping sea MO ALFRED TENNYSON. . . . . . Les ER ¢ ve . +196 XAVIER MARMIER: 00 SRE NA RNA GENERA OF HUMMING BIRDS, by A. Boucard. . . . . . 1-56 (SK x Vou. II. No. 1. | JANUARY, 1892. [ PRICE SIXPENGE, a (A > a4 + Che Humming Bir VE ED 1 À MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY A. BOUCAR D. Annual Subscription:: United Kingdom, Europe, N. America, & Canada, 5 shillings. Mexico, Central and South America, and West Indies, 6 shillings. All other countries, 7 shillings. Back Numbers, One Shilling. Vol. I. complete, Ten Shillings. Only a few copies to dispose of. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. Whole Page, £2. Half-Page, £1 2s. . . Quarter-Page, 13s. Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to five lines, and 6d. per line extra. Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contract. [ae Published by A. Boucarp, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co. Naturalists and Feather Merchants, 225, HIG HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND. 4 COMMISSION. EXPORTATION. Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural History, Collec- tions of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit; Crustaceæ and Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers. and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps} used and unused; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc., 2tc., ete. ; All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard.Pottier & Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. _ Only experienced and scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class. An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited. Special fabrication of Mammats and Birps Eyss at whole- sale prices which defy all competition, either as quality or price. See special Advertisement. New Sranps For Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without them. The appear- ance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and every- one should adopt them and renovate the old ones. See — Advertisement. The Humming Bird. ili FOR SALE.—Shells. Private Collection of Mr. Boucard, LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS, Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimide 15. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Cylindrellidæ, 15.64. each. Clausilide, 3d. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each. Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclostomidæ, 6d. each. Helicinide, 3d. each. Unio, Anodonta, and Ostrea, 6d. each. Marine Shells—A/ the Collection including Argonauta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa, Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus, Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo, Venus, Cardium, é&c., 6d. each. Can be divided if required. All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office. UES SEE EC NCRESEENETETT ES FOR SALE. One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine, Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the last forty years. It contains 0,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all of them in the most perfect condition. Species Specimens. Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 2 IE A Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900 Foreign Land Shells 2673 0,442 European à 050 Rare Shells in glass Cases 80 9,761 37,686 Very nearly all the rare species known are represented in the Collection and sometimes by several specimens. For further informations and price, apply to Mr. A. Boucard, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. FOR SALE. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the most per- fect condition. 23 specimens at 5s. each. a iv The Humming Bird. FOR SALE.—From Kina Balu (Borneo). Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, 100s. A magnificent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the interior of Borneo. Many other species from the same collector (magnificent skins). FOR SALE. JUST RECEIVED. A fine lot of Reptiles from Madagascar. A fine lot of Reptiles from Ecuador. A fine lot of Reptiles from Guiana. A fine lot of Lepidoptera from Darjeeling, India, including Armandia, Teinopalpus, and all the rare species of Pafitios, all in splendid condition, to be sold at a bargain. FOR SALE. Some Curios from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New Guinea, Mexico, and Central America, etc., etc. Postage Stamps FOR SALE. A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency, 225, High Holborn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German states. Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes. Old unused English and Colonials. Old works on stamps. Proofs of stamps, etc. etc. 15 December 1893 NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Henceforth The Humming Bird will be issued quarterly, on the first of March, June, September and December. Each part will consist of 64 pages of text, at least, and when possible or advisable, plates will be issued. In Volume Three, besides original articles on Science, Art, and Industry, will be continued the Genera of Humming Birds, and will commence the publication of a work, entitled : “TRAVELS of a Naturalist in America”, by our Chief Editor, Mr A. Boucard, and prepared especially for this Journal. Mr Boucard having spent many years in Mexico and in North Centre] and South America, a Record of his travels, adven- tures and discoveries in that wonderful Continent, will certainly prove of interest to the Readers of the Humming Bird. In consequence of the increase of text, and plates, which We intend to issue during ths year 1893, the price of each part cannot be fixed until issued; but we are willing to receive annual subscriptions, including postage, at the following rates : United Kingdom, Europe, Canada, and North America 10 shillings. Other Countries 12 shillings. No parts will b2 issuel under two and sixpence. THE REDACTION RENE Es FRET à RTE EC eT ee ast ef 2 KS Ssauppy pur JUUD A7 Jo wns ay) asOpoUd ] youn dof ‘egy wah our 40] “QUI ONINWAH #4) ‘paysyqnd sv ‘ou puas asvard “ONVTONY “OM ‘NOGNOT ‘NHOSI0H HIIH ‘GZS GEE WD OG VAN “1 III SUNIOA FOF WHOA YHAQCHO SBUUNYS GI: Sawjunod 49110 7) P “SHUNPYS OL : 294] 1804 ‘DOUAUF YILON pur Ppouv) ‘odoung ‘wophury panun : uoydiuosqns jonuup ‘I9U9299 pue xoqueJdes ‘oune ‘USA Jo SA oy} WO poustIqn a MATAHE 'IVIHLSAOQONI PUB DOILSILHV DIALLNAINS ATHRLYVNO V Quig Duuuun( 3D Mr A. BOUCARD 225, High Holborn LONDON, W.C. (England) The Humming Bird. iii” FOR SALE.—Shells. Private Collection of Mr. Boucard. LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS, Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ rs. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Cylindrellidæ, 15.64. each. Clausilidæ, 3d. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each. Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclostomidz, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 34. each. Unio, Anodonta, and Ostrea, 6d. each. Marine Shells—4/7 he Collection including Argonauta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa, Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus, Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo, Venus, ogee &c., 6d. each. Can be divided if required. All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office. FOR SALE. One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine, Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the last forty years. It contains 9,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all of them in the most perfect condition. | Species Specimens. Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 21,314 Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900 Foreign Land Shells 2673 0,442 European 950 Rare Shells in glass ee 80 0,761 37,686 Very nearly all the rare species known are represented in the Collection and sometimes by several specimens. For further informations and price, apply to Mr. A. Boucard, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C FOR) SALE, A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the most per- fect condition. 23 specimens at 5s. each. a iv, The Humming Bird. FOR SALE.—From Kina Balu (Borneo). Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, roos. A magnificent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the interior of Borneo. Many other species from the same collector (magnificent skins). FOR SALE. JUST RECEIVED. _A fine lot of Reptiles from Madagascar. A fine lot of Reptiles from Ecuador. A fine lot of Reptiles from Guiana. A fine lot of Lepidoptera from Darjeeling, India, including Armandia, Teinopalpus, and all the rare species of Papilios, all in splendid condition, to be sold at a bargain. FOR SALE. Some Curios from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New Guinea, Mexico, and Central America, etc., etc. Postage Stamps FOR SALE. A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency, 225, High Holborn, W.C, WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German states. Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes. Old unused English and Colonials. Old works on stamps. Proofs of stamps, etc. etc. Ghe Humming Ard. NOTICE. shee Ghat At the request of many Subscribers, I have determined to change the size of this Journal. From the 1st January, 1892, it will appear in octavo Ps a size more handy, easier to send by post, and to secure its arrival in good condition in the hands of Subscribers. THE EDITOR. Subscribers to Vol. II. are respectfully reminded that the price of subscription is now due. Description of a supposed new Species of. Humming Bird in Boucard’s Museum. oY —— PHAETORNIS RUPURUMII, Ne -Male.—Upperside pale golden-green, brownish on. head ; upper tail-coverts, golden green with rufous edges. Throat black. Lines ander and above the eyes, pale rufous, with lores and ear coverts black, forming a central black bar between. Breast,abdomen and flanks, pale greyish, tinged with pale rufous. Undertail coverts white. Median rectrices bronze-green, paler near the end, white tips ; the next one of same colour but slightly darker, with white tips. The two next purple-black tipped white, the last of same colour, with edges near the point, and tips rufous. Wings purple-brown. Bill black. Lower mandible, flesh colour toa little more than half its length, rest black. Total length, 42 in.; Wing, 18; Tail, 2 ; Culmen, 1. flabitat, River Rupurumi, Brit. Guiana. Type, in Boucard’s Museum. This pretty species of Phaethornis was discovered by Mr. Whitely during his last voyage, in the interior of British Guiana. It was killed the 31st of March, 1800, on the river Rupurumi. Its place is between ?. squalidus, and P. donguemarei, but it is quite distinct of both species. 2 The Humm ing Bird, THE WORLDS, Pai International Exposition of Chicago. After all, it appears that the Americans have made their mind up to beat all preceding International Expositions. It is a fact that they are spending enormous sums to that purpose. It is stated that the expenses to be made reach already the enormous sum of six millions, seven hundred and forty thousand dollars, for the Exposition buildings only. In addition to that the company will have to spend another ten millions of dollars for the grading, filling, landscape gardening, viaducts and bridges, piers, etc., etc., so that the total amount is expected to reach, at least, the stupendous sum of seventeen millions of dollars. Besides that, the States and Territories are expected to spend about three millions of dollars. Then come the foreign nations. Fifty-one have already accepted the invitation of the American Government, and the amount known to be spent by twenty-eight of them reaches the nice total of nearly five millions of dollars. Thinking that the readers of the Humminc Birp will be glad to know how this gigantic industrial enterprise is going on, I will reserve a space in each number of Vol. II. of this Journal, in which I will give all the latest information about it. It appears that the Americans want to celebrate the fourth hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America, by Christopher Colomb, in a manner which could not be sur- passed. THE EDITOR. World’s Fair Notes. Virginia’s building at the Exposition will be of the old colonial type, measuring 33 by 76 feet, two stories high and surrounded by a piazza, fifteen feet wide. Its cost will be $20,000. The nine Lady Managers resident in Chicago, called together by Mrs. Potter Palmer, have decided to establish a model sanitary kitchen in the Woman’s building at the Exposition. An effort will be made bya special entertainment or otherwise, to raise the $4,000 necessary for the purpose. Dr. John E. Owen, the Medical Director of the Exposition, has promised Mrs. Potter Palmer that women shall receive official recognition upon the medical staff. The number to be appointed has not yet been announced, but assurance has been given that women physicians will professionally rank equal with men, and share the duties of the Exposition hospital. The Humming Bird. 3 The Hamburg-American Packet Company, of which Carl Schurz is the New York director, has subscribed $5,000 to Exposition stock. The Art Palace on the Lake Front Park, which will be built by the Art Institute, assisted to the extent of $200,000 by the Exposition Company, will cost about $700,000. The designs and plans of Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, of Boston, have been adopted. During the Exposition the building will be used by the World’s Congress Auxiliary for some of its numerous meetings. California is the first state to respond to Chief Buchanan’s request that each state contribute the trunks of three of its most characteristic trees, to be used in constructing a rustic colonnade for the Forestry building. California’s contribution includes a Sugar pine furnished by Towle Bros., Company, of Alta; a redwood, by J. F. Cunningham, of Santa Cruz; and a sequoia, by Smith Comstock, of Tulare. The great imitation coast-line battle-ship, which is to consti- tute and contain the government’s naval exhibit is in an advanced state of construction. It will be all inclosed before winter weather sets in, and all of the interior work will be completed by spring. A World’s Fair transportation company has been organised by a number of moneyed men in Maine for the purpose of transporting New Englanders to and from the Exposition and paying their expenses while in Chicago. It issues certificates payable in installments, and these, when paid up, are transfer- able for round trip tickets to the Exposition, including all necessary expenses. The Carriage Builders’ National Association, at its recent session in Cincinnati, appointed an influential committee to supervise the collection and preparation of a creditable exhibit of vehicles, and to co-operate with Chief Smith of the Trans- portation Department. The State Board of Commerce, of Oregon, has employed canvassers to raise $25,000 to be turned into the State’s World’s Fair fund. E. R. L. Gould, the American delegate to the International Statistical Institute, recently held in Paris, writes to Chief Fearn saying that the congress has accepted an invitation to meet in Chicago in 1893. The Quebec Steamship Company, operating the New York, Bermuda and West India Line, has agreed to bring government exhibits to the Fair free. Half rate is granted on the exhibits of individuals. : 4 The Humming Bird. Quaritch, the noted London book-dealer, intends to send to the Exposition an autograph letter of Christopher Columbus, for which he paid $5,000. | Thomas A. Edison, the famous electrician, has applied for 35.000 feet of space, or about one-seventh of all that the Electricity building contains. “I have it from Mr. Edison himself,” said Chief John P. Barrett, “ that his display at the Fair is to be the.greatest achievement of his life. In talking of his application for space Mr. Edison admitted that he was asking for a large section of the building ; ‘ but every inch will be put to good purpose,’ he added. ‘I shall not waste a foot of the area assigned to me, but will present a series of the most interesting electrical inventions ever produced.’ I happen to know,” Professor Barrett added, ‘‘ that Mr. Edison is doing just as he says. He is making an almost innumerable list of novel and spectacular exhibits. Other electricians are not idle. We are already crowded for space in our building, and if the demand continues as it has begun I don’t FRE how we will accommodate all the exhibitors.” Customs regulations for foreign exhibits to the Fair are being prepared by Assistant Secretary Spaulding, of the Treasury Department. These regulations are substantially the same as were asked for by the foreign commissioners who recently visited Chicago. Mr. Spaulding says that he has no doubt that the regulations will be found entirely satisfactory to foreign exhibitors. The Agricultural Society of France has decided to offer a number of premiums for the best French horses shown at the Fair. The number of intending exhibitors who have applied for space at the exposition reached 1,623 on Oct. 24. This is a much larger number than the Centennial had at a correspondingly early date. The number does not include any foreign applications, all of which are made to their respective national commissions. Seventy-four cases of relics of the Indians and Mound Builders have been received by the Department of Ethnology of the Exposition from Chillicothe, Ohio. They contain a great variety of prehistoric implements and utensils, such as axes, arrow-heads, pipes, bowls, jars, etc. They were exhumed by aparty acting under the direction of Chief Putnam. One acre of ground within the Horticultural building has been reserved for an orange grove from Florida and the same amount for a grove from California. These trees will be brought to Chicago next year and planted, so that they will bear fruit while the Exposition is open. These two acres constitute two interior courts of the building. The Humming Bird. se 5 The State of Idaho has applied for 10,000 square feet of space in the Mines and Mining building for a display of minerals. Mrs. Potter Palmer is to drive the last nail in the Woman’s building. The lady managers of Montana, at the suggestion of Mrs. J. E. Richards, are having the nail made of gold, silver and copper. It will be forwarded to Chicago as soon as completed. Wisconsin’s building at the Exposition will be 80 by 90 feet, three stories high, and of the Queen Anne style of architecture Its cost is estimated at $29,600. Sir Henry Wood, the British Commissioner to the Exposition, who recently visited Chicago, has made a report to his government. The cable dispatches report that it is very elaborate, that it is about 10,000 words in length, and deals witha great variety of details concerning the Exposition. Sub- joined to the report are plansand descriptions of the grounds and buildings, the regulations for installation, transportation,- etc. ; mail facilities, and other important data. In concluding his report, which is exceedingly favourable to the Exposition, Sir Henry Wood says that he has no doubt whatever of its ultimate success. Florida’s Exposition building will be a full-sized reproduc- tion of Fort Marion, which was built at St. Augustine in 1620, and is believed to be the oldest building in the United States. It is of stone and covers a space ofabout 150 feet square. The: walls are twenty feet high and nine feet thick at the base. It is. a rectangular structure, the interior court being about seventy- five feet square. Within the fort are some twenty-four rooms. The reproduced structure on the Fair grounds will be frame, covered on the outside with the phosphate rock of Florida, to give it the appearance of stone. The walks on the parapet and within the inner court will be covered with the celebrated pebble phosphate of Florida. This use of the material will constitute the State’s phosphate exhibit. The old fort is en- compassed about with a deep moat. This moat will also be reproduced, and will constitute a sunken garden in which will be shown all the tropical plants of Florida—the pine-apple, banana, rice, sugar cane, oranges, etc. It is contemplated to partition off a portion of the moat and fill it with water and have there several alligators and, perhaps, crocodiles. Several of the old Spanish cannon that once did service at the fort will be taken to Chicago. The Florida building promises to be one of the most unique of the State structures. | | New York, Dec. 19.—Messrs. Chance, of Birmingham, England, have notified the World’s Fair authorities that they. 6. The Humming Bird. are willing to erect a duplicate Eddystone lighthouse as a beacon light for steamers carrying passengers to the Fair. In- vitations have been sent to famous men of letters of all countries inviting them to prepare contributions in prose and verse for the World’s Fair congresses. It is hoped that Sir Edwin Arnold will write the hymn for the opening of the con- gress on religion. Contributions are also expected from Lord Tennyson, John G. Whittier, Oliver W. Holmes, and others. The Council of the Society of Arts, which is the Royal British World’s Fair Commission, after listening to the highly favourable report of Commissioners Sir Henry Wood and James Dredge, relative to their investigation of Exposition matters at Chicago, decided to appoint committees on finance, fine arts, Indian, colonial, engineering, manufactures, electricity, agriculture, mines and metallurgy, textile industries and trans- portation, and also a committee on women’s work to co-operate with the Board of Lady Managers in Chicago. It also voted to invite the assistance of chambers of commerce and local committees throughout England. (Zo be continued.) Review of New Scientific Books. A Handbook of the Destructive Insects of Victoria, with Notes on the Methods to be adopted to check and extirpate them. By C. French, F.L.S., Government Entomologist. Part I. Melbourne, 1891. This handbook, prepared by order of the Victorian Depart- ment of Agriculture is a practical and popular work, intended to be of much use to Farmers, Orchardists, Vignerons, Horti- culturists,and all other persons interested in agriculture. The woodcuts and coloured plates, twenty-seven in number, have been executed by Mr. C. C. Brittlebank, of the Field Naturalist’s Club, and the well known Melbourne firms of Messrs. Troedel and Co., and Messrs. Sands and McDougal. The printing of the letterpress, by the Government Printing Office. A short introduction to Entomology is given. This has been © taken from Miss Ormerod’s well-known and valuable work, A Manual of LInjurious Insects. A brief account of the classification of insects has been taken from Professor Westwood’s well-known work, 4A Guide to Modern Classification of Lnsects. The First Part contains a systematic description, with an account of the noxious insects of the Colony, which attack apples, pears, apricots and cherries. The Humming Bird. 7 The fourteen coloured plates inserted in this part are very neat and well executed. They enhance greatly the value of the work. | I congratulate the authorities of the Victorian Department of Agriculture, Mr. Chas. French, and all those who have con- tributed to the preparation of this valuable hand-book, and I hope that the following parts will appear as speedily as possible. I shall call the attention of the authorities of the British Museum (Department of Natural History) to this book, and I hope that they will soon follow the example given to them by the Canadian and Australian Colonies. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, T, iv. pp. 209- 480, 1891. Contents :— Résultats d’une excursion zoologique en Algérie, by KR. Blanchard. Concluded. Faune des lacs salés & Algerie, Ostracodes, by R. Moniez. Stellérides nouveaux des campagnes du yatch 1 irondelle, by Edmond Perrier. Monographie des Francolins, by F. de Schaeck. Etude de quelques paguriens recueillis par M. Jules de Guerne sur les côtes de France et de Norvège, by E. L. Bouvier. Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus, by T.M.F. Bigot. Notices helminthologiques, by Doctor Raphael Blanchard. I will call the attention of Ornithologists to the excellent Monograph of the genus /rancolinus, by Mr. F. de Schaeck, cited above. This memoir of 120 pages, 272-392, begins with the geographical distribution of all the species of the Genus Francolinus, after which it continues by giving a full description of the internal and external characters of the genus, their habits, acclimatation, and classification, then follows a com- plete description of all the species known to date. Fifty-five species are described, but Mr. de Schaeck is of opinion that several species may turn out to be only local varieties or races. He thinks that many surprises are still in store for us, in the discovery of many new species, by future explorers. Among the species described in this Memoir 49 are African, 1 from N. Africa and W. Asia, and 5 from S. Asia, Malay Archipelago, and Madagascar. Histoire naturelle de la France, Oiseaux, by Emile Deyrolle, Paris, 1891. This book on the Birds of France is profusely illustrated with woodcuts and 27 coloured plates representing the heads of 287 species. They are very good and especially so, when we 8 The Humming Bird. consider that this volume is offered to the public at the very moderate price of 5 francs, 50 centimes. It is quite a revelation in printing. ‘The volume begins with an introduction, giving the names and a woodcut of all parts of bird. It follows with a method of skinning and mounting birds, after which comes the classi- fication of the families and the description of all the species found in France. It is a pity that in the preparation of this volume M. Deyrolle did not ask the collaboration of a competent Ornithologist, because there are some things which may appear. strange to modern Ornithologists. _ To begin with, page 44 is a woodcut said to represent Syrnium aluco. Instead of that, it is a good representation of Strix flammea, which is again badly represented in page 46. In the family of Picip™, p. 49, he includes Cuculidae ! In the family of ALCEDINIDA, p. 57, he includes Æerops apiaster, ‘Meropidæ,” which has nothing to do with the former. In the family of GALLINACCÉS, p. 168, he includes the Preroclide and Columbide. In the family of ECHASSIERS, p. 185, he includes all the families of the Orders RALLI, HERODIONES and GRUES, and several families of LIMICOL&. In the last—that of PALMIPEDES, p. 226, which he divides in six groups as follows :—TZotipalmes, Longues-Pattes, Becs- crochus, Lecs-lamelles, Grandes Ailes and FPlongeurs, he includes the remaining families of LimicoLÆ, and all the families of the Orders PHŒNICOPTERI, ANSERES, PYGOPODES, IMPENNES, GAVIÆ and STEGANOPODES. It is regrettable, because this book has been prepared especially for the use of Schools in France. It would have been just as easy to make it, as excellent as it could be, so as to give to students an exact notion of Ornithological Science as it stands at the present moment. Notions Générales et Pratiques sur les Musées Scolaires, by J. Touchet, Naturaliste, Saintes, 1883. This pamphlet of 31 pages is excellent, and ought to be in the hands of every one interested in Natural History. It starts with a description of what ought to be a Museum of Natural History for the use of children, and it follows with narratives on the origin of Collections, the size of a Museum and its pre the exhibition of Collections of Mammals, and Birds, Eggs, Fishes and Reptiles, Shells, Crustacea, Insects, Worms, Plants, Minerals, etc. M. J. Touchet seems to be quite at home on all these subjects, and I have been very interested with the contents of his epamplies ’ CTS. ES CAN RSR SEREEETIEN i | The Humming Bird. v PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, &., &c. Bicarbolic Acid... de Bes quart 2/- Rectified Benzoline … 4 . 2/- Boucard’s Insecticide ... ant Ib. = 4/- Ammonia ae : 4/- Collecting corked Box. … “from 1 tf to 5/- each. Poeke: corked bom): ay . from 1/- Corked Box for Museums ot 24/- doz. and glazed, splendid make. 36/16, ” 22 Larger sizes can be supplied. Botanical box ... from aie to 6/- each. Pin box, for 12 grosses of different sizes. 1/6 m with 1000 pins.. MATE Sea compass, nae … from a/- ‘to 50/- Collecting bottles with large opening from 6d. Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/- Straight Scissors se +. ... from 2/- Gurved "3. in M Redd Me Taxidermist knifes … is Lethe, SEE LO Long Forceps ire 2 Re er Se ail Sa 5e, as dE ee LE us EI Insects’ Nippers, ars sof ewe. PAC Sieve a D CRE à Blowpipe for cleaning ces oes An ot el Digger 6 ie inti, bi eRe Aft Folding ditto . a 6/- Insect Pins English, French orGermanfrom1 /6 per 10oc Steel Pins for setting butterflies Pr SHE lek BOOS Setting Boards ‘ We ... I/-to 3/- each Butterfly Nets complete see ... from 1/6 to 6/- Sweeping and Water Nets... Sane Nr 2G Cork in sheets Fe Ac Sek ad dz. Magnifying Glasses ... 2. NES LOUER Hammers... + jee 129 te LPO LOL Napthaline … eS Sum Css 4p Dem Botanical Grey paper... », 6/- ream. Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects BO/= Steel Perforator for making holes in e8es 5» -1/- Cutting pliers LS Te CAM : e Flat s Bae RoE TS Se ore ae vi’ The Humming Bird. Price List— Continued. Arsenical Soap eee 2/- per Ib. Glass ‘Tubes for small Insects and shelley i. 122 doz. Pill boxes for ditto . ey Sei) ome OSS Flax ah M OU 0/5910) Cotton wading per sheet... FLAT OC Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/- Dredsefoncollechns shell ro E Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors 2 Knives, 1 Lime, 1 Grater; 2 Pliers; 1 Ham- mer, 1 pair of Forceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimlets, Chics COmnpl eve wn: is ... from 12/- to 4o/- Shell- -empting with handle … A SO Oia > All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had at a short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C., by ordering at the NATURALIST’S AGENCY. STANDS, NEW STYLE. Wholesale Price. No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred . » 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. ss » 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. re » 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small Hawks at 32s. i » D» ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls . at 40s. s ARTIFICIAL EYES Wholesale Price. Black Coloured Cornered ee per gross | per doz.pañirs per doz.pairs No.lto4 6d. 1s. 64. No.4to6 3s. 6d. As. 6d. 100, So Mod. 2s. 6d. ST 8s. 0d? 6s. Od. 5, 9 ,; 10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. ROME) 6s. Od. 8s° Od. yao 11/90 N5EN GE RATIO AUTO 9s. Od. LOL MD SE UT SAUT SUITE PSSBAUd: 10s. Od. » 13 2s.6d. 10s. Od. 5.127 98 Od: 11s. 0d. doz. of pairs. PU le BE Odi lige ode ta hon LOR. OOe 12s. Od. Lo NOR Od. “OS Ode Stan 11s. 08; 13s. Od. » 165 Ass 04292864. » 15 18s: Od. 15s. Od. os Le es Oda oenO a. Larger sizes can be made se WLS E28. Ode 45.00, to order. No. 1 to 4 are gocd for. humming birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls, No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc. No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc. The Humming Bird. v PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, &c., &c. Bicarbolic Acid... ni ae quart 2/- Rectified Benzoline …. fe 3 2/- Boucard’s Insecticide ... see Ib. 4/- Ammonia a ke 4/- Collecting corked Box. from 1/- to 5/- each. Pocket corked, Box) 20: Me ... from 1/- Corked Box for Museums à De 24/- doz. and glazed, splendid make. 30/0, 9) 3 | Larger sizes can be supplied. Botanical box... à from 218 to 6/- each. Pin box, for 12 grosses of different sizes. 1/6 à with 1000 pins. 3/- Sea compass, te .. from a/- ‘to 50/- Collecting bottles with large opening from 6d. Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/- Straight Scissors ve A ... from 2/- Curved » ‘3... ee ee TR Re Taxidermist knifes nee a SEE a # EHO Long Forceps we a MORTE AMIE La Sinall 7 ; sae he fe Eee eee de Insects’ Nippers, As LA ST EEG Sieve ae We eC aie Blowpipe for cleaning ces ee RIDE Digger _ Stl qu Se SE ae Folding ditto . ss 6/- InsectPins English, French orGermanfromi /6 per 100¢ Steel Pins for setting butterflies it 212 Alper 1000 Setting Boards : Le ... I/-to 3/- each Butterfly Nets complete eid ..from 1/6 to 6/- Sweeping and Water Nets ... A 52 1G Cork in sheets see oe sie et a AGE. Magnifying Glasses ... we Se CT TOR Hamamers: ie. es at aby oat (dO: ONE Napthaline ... 2 8.0 4 Det. Botanical Grey paper... », 6/- ream, Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects » I0/- Steel Perforator for ane a holes in eggs STE Cutting pliers oe » 2/- Flat Fa ss ai win’ (yg Se aly vi The Humming Bird. Price List— Continued. Arsenical Soap ac 2/- per lb. Glass Tubes for small Insects and shells . ROZ. Pill boxes for ditto ... NA) OSs. Flax ia ete menses Ib Cotton wading per sheet... Mo Bue ROU Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/- Dredge for collecting shells Ge; | Ao/- Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors 2 Knives, 1 Lame, 1 Grater; 2 Pliers; 1 Ham: mer, 1 pair of Forceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimlets, CIC Complete se à … from 12/- to 4o/- Shell- -empting with handle ... HARAS 1 /- All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had at a short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C., by ordering at the NATURALIST’S AGENCY. STANDS, NEW STYLE. Wholesale Price. No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred » 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. “3 » 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. nt » 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small Hawks at 32s. py » © 5, Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls at 40s. “A ARTIFICIAL EYES Wholesale Price. Cornered Black Coloured Cornered ve ned per gross perdoz.pairs per doz. pairs No.lto4 6d. 1s. 6d. ae 4to6 3s. 6d. As. 6d. Reb ested cexe 2s. 6d. SA RON SAND 6s. Od. » 9,,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. Ber) 6s. Od. 8s: Od. oy fl. VOD Ode O0: Si LOY) 4178 Ode 9s. Od. LOT MB SU een Ode aL. Sel Ode 10s. Od. » 3 2s. 6d. 10s. 0d. 1 WD OB .AD GE 11s. 0d. doz. of pairs no olay Bs. 0ds LE 6 5» ule: AD8/Od, 12s. Od. vu LO, OS. Gd. 25) Gas 5 a, Sed 13s. Od. » 16 48.0d. 2s. 6d. 15% 188000: 15s. Od. LT? 98s. Ode SE Oat Larger sizes can be made » 18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order. No. 1 to 4 are gocd for humming birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. . No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls, No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc. No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc. TO ETHNOLOGISTS AND DIRECTORS OF MUSEUMS, FOR SALE. Twenty finely carved Ari ows and 1 Bow from New Guinea Price 20s. African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s. Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very nicely carved Price 30s. each. Pagaie from New Guinea, madeof palm tree — Price 30s. Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what appear to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything like it Price £50. A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s. Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America _ from 6d. Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala from 3s. Hats, Baskets, Mate and various Objects made with palm leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Madagascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d. Samples of Tewtile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal Plants, ete., from Mexico and Central America | from 6d. Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from Is. Kte., etc., ete. Apply to the Director, at Naturalists’ Agency, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England. CONSIGNMENTS OF BIRD SKINS JUST ARRIVED AT Naturalists’ Agency, 229, High Holborn, London, WC. A fine lot of pale red small Osprey Skins. A nice small lot of small white Osprey Skins. A fine lot of large Bee-Eaters. am large lot of splendidly made skins of Japanese Birds, from 10s. per 100 specimens, TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight, | Several PROPERTIES at SAN REMO. The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. | 10 VILLA MARIA LUIGIA. A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated Corso “Levante on one side and the Bxacx on the other, at about 15 minutes’ walk from the centre of the town and 20 from the station. Splendid _ view in all directions, beautiful garden of about 2,000 métres, in which a large space has been laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games. Carriage and private entrances. Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, fc. Excellent water. Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms. full south, with 7 bay windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c. First Floor, —Five large and fine rooms, three full south, two on the north side, all of them communicating. Mees for Receptions, Soirées, &e. Cloak Room. Second Floor.—Seven large, rooms, four full south, one of them with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the. north side. Cloak Room. Corridor in thie middle. ~ Size of Villa: length 18 metres, width 10 metres. PRICE rc. .. . francs 60,000 pe VILLAS RONDO 25, 97, CORSO GARIBALDI. : Two semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own ground of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GarABALDI, (the most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk on the central part of the town and 15 of the station. No.25.—Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office, and Cellar. First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms. No. 27-—Exactly the same, with Undergronnd floor containing kitchen and two large rooms.. Front and back gardens. _ Price for the two villas bes tee see … francs 45,000 Separately—No. 25 ... 4. ... ... francs 25,000 No. 27. fee pee me nl ... francs 30, 000 30 À PIECE OF “LAND. abe about 350 metres. Full south, on the Corso MEzzoG10oRNo, two minutes from the station and the port, in the central part of the town. Splendid position. Price . ver NT Ian CE 15, 000 © For further information, apply to — A, BOUCARD, 225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. Two of the Villas are actually let Unfurnished for 8,200 francs yearly; but they would fetch more if Proprietor was not abroad. It is expected that, if properly attended,.an Income between £200 and £300 yearly could be secured. and more if let furnished. ‘London: J, 8S. Levin, Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, E.0. FX Vor. IL, No. 2. | FEBRUARY, 1892. [ PRICE SIXPENCE, Ghe Humming Bir A MONTHLY À SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY À BOUCARD. + er. Re SIE : Se Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Europe, N. America, & Canada, 5 shillings. . Mexico, Central and South America, and West Indies, 6 shillings. All other countries, 7 shillings. Bes Numbers, One Shilling. Vol. I. complete, Ten ‘eae Only a few copies to dispose oe He, SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. Whole Page, £2. ae Half-Page, Li 25, Quarter-Page, 13s. Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to five lines, and 6d. per line extra. - : Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contract. 2x | Published by A. Boucarp, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. | BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co 226, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.(., ENGLAND, COMMISSION. EXPORTATION. Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural History, Collec- tions. of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes.in spirit; Crustaceæ and Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists : “Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists ; Rare old ‘Stamps, used and unused; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc., tc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard.Pottier & Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, HieR will always be of the best class. An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of “specimens are always on show, is solicited. Special fabrication of Mammats and Brrps Eyes at whole- sale prices which defy all competition, either as quality or price. See special Advertisement. New Sranps For Birps, suitable for Museumsand Scientific Institutions. No one should be without them. The appear- ance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and every- one should adopt them and renovate the old ones. See Advertisement. The Humming Bird. ili AMERICAN FOSSILS from SOUTH DAKOTA, U.S.A. Dealers supplied. Cvetaceous Invertebrates :—Placenticeras, Scophites, Baculites, Pryonocylus, Nautilus, etc. TZertiary Vertebrates: — Titanotherium, Aceratherium, Hyrocodon, Oreodon, Mesohippus, Elothesium, Metamynodon, Hyænodon, etc. Sishes. Priced Catalogues free. Write for one. L. W. STILWELL, Deadwood, S.Dak., U.S.A. FOR SALE.—Shells. Private Collection of Mr. Boucard. LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS. Glandinidæ, 15. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ ts. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Cylindrellidæ, 15.64. each. Clausilidæ, 3d. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each. Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclostomidz, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 34. each. Unio, Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each. Marine Shells— 4/7 the Collection including Argonauta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa, Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus, Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo, Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each. Can be divided if required. All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office. FOR SALE. One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine, Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the last forty years. It contains 9,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all of them in the most perfect condition. Species Specimens. Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 21,314 Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900 Foreign Land Shells 2673 | 9,442 European j 950 Rare Shells in glass Cases 9,761 37,686 _ Very nearly all the rare species known are represented in the Collection and sometimes by several specimens. For further informations and price, apply to Mr. A. Boucard, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. a iv The Humming Bird. FOR SALE. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the most per- fect condition. 23 specimens at 5s. each. FOR SALE.—From Kina Balu (Borneo). Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, 1005 A magnificent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the interior of Borneo. © ‘Many other species from the same collector (magnificent skins). FOR SALE: JUST RECEIVED. A fine lot of Reptiles from Madagascar. A fine lot of Reptiles from Ecuador. A fine lot of Reptiles from Guiana. A fine lot of Lepidoptera from Darjeeling, India, including Armandia, Teinopalpus, and all the rare species of Papihos, all in splendid condition, to be sold at a bargain. FOR SALE. Some Curios from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New Guinea, Mexico, and Central America, etc., ete. Postage Stamps FOR SALE. A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency, 225, High Holborn, W.C, WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, ts which none have beeu added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German states. Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes. _ Old unused English and Colonials. Old works on stamps. Proofs of stamps, etc. etc. Che Humming Bird. Notes on the rare Pheasant, Rheinardius ocellatus, Verr. By A. BoUCARD. ee ee In 1889, I met Captain Rheinard in the house of our mutual friend Mr. Anatole Maingonnat. In the course of an interest- ing conversation on Tonkin, that gentleman told me he had brought with him several long feathers used as head ornaments by the native chiefs of the interior of Tonkin. I told him that I was very anxious to see them ; as I thought, by the description he made, that they ought to belong to a new species of the rare genus Argus. Next day I was in possession of the said feathers, which I have still. Noone, unless he be an enthusiast Naturalist like myself, can have an idea of the extreme pleasure I felt when these feathers were handed to me. There was one long feather about three feet long, and several smaller ones. I thought at once of a magnificent new species of Argus, and told so to Captain Rheinard, insisting upon him to do all what he could to procure as many specimens as possible, as I was certain that it should prove one of the greatest ornithological discoveries of this century. As he was returning to Tonkin a few days after, I made an appointment with‘him for the next day, and I went at once to the Library of the Jardin des Plantes, where I asked for the beautiful Monograph of Phasianidæ, lately edited by D. Elliot, At once, I found in that magnificent work one coloured plate figuring some feathers, the property of the French Museum of Natural History, which undoubtedly belonged to the same species as those which I had with me. It was at the same time a great pleasure and a great disappointment, see- ing that the bird had already a name given, that of Argus ocellatus, Verr. Nevertheless, I thought what a grand thing it would be to have the bird. So the next day, when I met Captain Rheinard, I told him what I had discovered about the feathers, and told him to procure the bird by all means. b 10 The Humming Bird. It was agreed between us that he should try to get as many as he could, and’ to send them to Mr. Maingonnat for me. Two years after, at the end of June, 1882, returning from the Riviera, where I had passed the winter, I was quite sur- prised to learn that Mr. Maingonnat had received from Captain Rheinard one specimen of the bird and that he exhrbitedit at the meeting of the Zoological Society of France on the r2th of June, 1882, giving it the name of Argus Rheinardi. A few days after, I was at Mr. Maingonnat, and he con- firmed me what I had heard. .I was quite vexed at the time, as it was a well understood thing between Messrs. Rheinard, Maingonnat and myself that I should describe this bird if Captain Rheinard could get it. But the thing being done, I could not help it; but when I saw the bird, I said immediately to Mr. Maingonnat that it was not an Argus, but an extraordinary form of Pheasant between Pavo, Areusianus, and Phasianus, and I suggested the name of Rhetnardia ocellata for the bird, a name still more honorific for the discoverer of this magnificent species. Mr. Maingonnat took the hint at once, and without any more advice of mine he made a poor description of this new genus in La Science pour tous, July, 1882, p. 210, under the name of Leheinardia ocellata. The skin from which the description was taken by Mr. Maingonnat was sold by him to the Paris Museum for 2,000 francs. _A little while after, another male specimen was sent by Captain Rheinard, then French Resident in Tonkin, and was offered by him to the Paris Museum. In 1883 Capt. Rheinard sent six more specimens, among them one female, which 1 believe is still unique and undes- cribed. It is now in the collection of the British Museum. Of these six specimens, one male and one female are exhibited in the Ornithological Gallery of the British Museum, where they show extremely well. One male specimen is in. the Museum of Natural History at Lyon, France. Another male specimen is at the Museum of Natural History of Saint Omer, Pas de Calais, France, whose collections have increased wonderfully under the direction of Mr. Ch. Van Kempen. The other two, also males, are now the property of the Honourable Lionel Walter de Rothschild. Since 1883, although I have offered a good price for some more specimens, I have been unable to get one. Mr. E. Oustalet in a pamphlet, which I possess, having for title Description du Rheinardius ocellatus, Gallinacé voisin des Argus, has given a very good description of the bird, taken from one of the specimens in the Paris Museum. ~ The Humming Bird. ll In this pamphlet he states that Mr. D. G. Elliot is the first author who mentioned the difference between the feathers of this bird and those of Argusianus giganicus. I quite agree with him, as I consulted that plate myself, and it is due to it that I was able to identify the feathers brought by Capt. Rheinard in 1880; but I am in doubt about the name which must be selected as the author of the species. I will be greatly obliged to modern Ornithologists to give me their opinion about it. Now I will give the description of a fine male specimen of my Collection, now the property of the Hon. Lionel Walter de Rothschild. Rheinardius ocellatus, Verr phcenix ? Argus Rheinardia, Maing. Vo description. Rheinardia ocellata, Maing Sci. pour. tous. July, 1882, p. 210. Rheinardius ocellatus, Oustalet. Habitat Buih-Dinh (Tonkin). Male :—Head black, Lores pale silvery white, under which runs a black line. Ear-coverts nearly black. Crest blackish in front, then dirty rufous, then silvery white. It is over two inches high. Chin silvery white. ‘Throat deep rufous, paler near the chit. Upper and under surface black covered all over with small irregular white and pale rufous spots, dark on back, lighter on wing-coverts, and reddish-brown on breast, abdomen and flanks. The median rectrices are four feet long, and five inches wide at base, terminating gradually at a point. Lateral are also very wide at base, but generally shorter, the last being scarcely over one foot and a half long, all of them terminating to an acute point. The colour of the median rectrices is slate coloured in centre, somewhat darker on each side, pro- fusely covered all over with conspicuous round silvery white spots, intermixed with irregular rufous ones. Along the shaft, to the two thirds of its length, there are two rows of white ocellated rufous spots, black in centre. These gradually disappear. ‘The lateral feathers, which are of a darker colour, are marked in a similar way, and the round spots are pale rufous instead of silvery white, the ocellated spots along the shaft and the irregular spots between are also darker. All the tips are black. Bill, flesh colour at base, then yellow. Legs, flesh colour. Total length, 5 feet. Wing, 1-2 ineh. Tail, 4 feet. Cul- men, 2 inches. . This remarkable species inhabits temperate countries at 12 The Humming Bird. an altitude of about 1,000 feet; but it is probable that it is also found in warm climates. | | _ It frequents the densest forests, and is a very wild bird. Hence the difficulties of getting specimens. In nuptial season, February—April, they pair and are seen occasionally in the glades of the forest. It is the best time to get at them. It lays only two eggs, pure white, larger than a hen’s egg and longer in shape. Some of these, hatched by a hen, were fifty days to come out. The young are quite familiar and can be easily domesticated. I have been told that even adults caught in traps are some- times domesticated. What a splendid game it would be if it was imported to Europe ! Its cry resembles somewhat that of the Peacock, but is more harmonious. When on the soil, it is with the greatest difficulty that the male can take its flight, in consequence of its long tail. The wild natives of the interior of Tonkin, well aware of that fact, catch them by running after. It gets tired quickly enough, and is easily secured. Females are much more difficult to obtain, as they can take their flight easily. They live on Insects, Reptiles, and probably Seeds and Fruits. In the cesophagus of one of the birds sent to Europe frogs and toads have been found. The wild natives hunt them a great deal when they are in full plumage, and put a great value on the long tail-feathers, which are used as a head-dress ornament by their chiefs. I don’t know if they eat the flesh, but it is probable, as it must be delicious. According to Captain Rheinard, it is with the greatest difficulty that he could procure the specimens he sent to Europe. All the above informations were given by those who pro- cured the specimens for him. In my opinion, it is very likely that this bird is the fabular Phenix, a bird well known to the Chinese from the remotest time. My authority for saying so is that Ihave seen many drawings on pieces of furniture, on table carpets and other clothes, and on earthenware from China and Japan, which agree entirely with the general facies of this bird. In that case its proper name should be Rheinardius phenix !! Science is greatly indebted to Captain Rheinard for the dis- covery of this magnificent bird. The Humming Bird. 18 lS ali NN CRIE i es aA es ER Royal Commission for the Chicago Exhibition, 1893. THE COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE. —ñ —— Under date of the 27th August, 1891, Her Majesty was pleased to issue a Commission to the Council of the Society of Arts, authorising them to act as Commissioners for the Universal Exhibition, which, pursuant to an Act of Congress, and in accordance with a Proclamation made by the Presjdent of the United States of America, will be held at Chicago from May 1st to October 3oth, 1893. The Royal Commission are now prepared to receive appli- cations from Artists, Manufacturers, and others desirous of taking part in the Exhibition, to afford them all necessary information, and to offer them all available facilities which they may desire for this purpose. Such applications must be made upon forms to be obtained from the Secretary of the Commission at their Offices, Society of Arts, John Street, Adelphi, London, W.C. They must be sent in properly filled up, not later than February 29th, 1892, and addressed to the Secretary as above. As the funds granted by H. M. Government will not suffice to defray all the expenses of the Section, it is necessary that they should be supplemented by payments from the Exhibitors. A charge will therefore be made to each Exhibitor, based on the amount of space occupied, and calculated on the following scale :— Per sq. ft. s. d. For spaces not exceeding 100 sq.ft. vi 115.0 For spaces exceeding 1005q.ft.and notexceeding 2 200 0 sq. ft. . 4 6 ” 3) 200 >) 29 29 300 55+» 4 0 LE 59 300 22 ” 39 500 he 3 6 ») >) 500 ;, ” > 750 392+» 3 © x LÉ 750 and upwards 2 6 The minimum charge will be 4s. It is not expected that the total receipts from all sources will more than suffice to defray the cost of an adequate representation of British Industry; but should there be a sufficient surplus after the payment of all the costs of the Section, the Royal Commission will refund the balance #70 rata with the amounts contributed by the several Exhibitors. The _ amount produced by the payments of Exhibitors will therefore 14 Lhe Humming Bird. be treated as a guarantee fund, to be expended if necessary, but if not, to be refunded to the contributors. “The Exhibition is situated in Jackson Park, within the southern limits of the city of Chicago. The principal buildings are devoted to the following main divisions:—(1) Fine Arts; (2) Manufactures and Liberal Arts; (3) Agriculture; (4) Machinery ; (5) Electricity ; (6) Mines; (7) Transportation ; (8) Horticulture. In all these, space has been allotted to Great Britain, though it is expected that the principal British Court will be that in the Building of Manufactures and Liberal Arts, since the privilege has been conceded to this country of massing all or most of its exhibits together, should such a course prove desirable. Exhibitors’ goods will be transmitted direct in bond to Chicago, where the usual Customs examination will be made. Goods for exhibition only will not be liable to Duty, but on goods sold the usual rates will have to be paid. Goods can be sold in bond, at prices independent of the tariff, the duties being payable by the purchaser. The American Railroad Companies propose to carry goods back from the Exhibition free, charging the usual rates fort he outgoing journey. ‘These rates, it may be noted, are low in comparison with those usual in European countries. It is hoped that special terms for Exhibition goods traffic may be obtained from the Atlantic Steamship Companies. Full information as to routes, traffic, rates, &c., will be provided in due course. A general Official Catalogue will be published in English, French, German, and Spanish. A special catalogue will also be published for the British Section. Exhibitions of Live Stock will be held, and Prizes will be offered in connection with them. A special circular has been issued, giving information about these. A limited quantity of steam and water power will be supplied . gratuitously. Further supplies will be provided at a fixed rate. Countershafts, pulleys, belts, &c. must be provided by the exhibitor. Application for motive power must be made on special forms which will be supplied on demand. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition Buildings will commence on November 1, 1892, and no articles will be | admitted after April 10, 1893. Foundations for heavy ma- chinery may be put in, and special constructive work com- menced, as soon as the state of the ground and the buildings permits. Special regulations will be hereafter issued for the organisa- tion of the International Juries. The Royal Commission are informed that the contract labour laws of the United States will not prevent Exhibitors The Humming Bird. 15 from importing foreign labour, or from entering into binding contracts with their employés. Further information on this head will be supplied on application. Every person who becomes an exhibitor in the British Section thereby agrees to be governed by the rules and regula- tions laid down by the Exhibition Executive, or by the Royal Commission through its Executive Officer. World’s Fair Notes. W. A. Alexander and Louis Gelder, representing the insur- ance associations of Chicago, have asked for space, 50 by 100 feet, to construct a building at the Fair to constitute an exhibit of the most improved methods of fireproof construction and the appliances used in saving goods from burning buildings. The building, it is urged, can be occupied by a salvage corps during the Fair. . One of the interesting exhibits from Montana will be a relief map of Butte, the greatest mining camp in the world. It is reported that Montana’s appropriation of $50,000 will be doubled at the next session of the legislature. A splendid exhibit from Australia seemsassured. Minerals, education, forestry and especially wool are to be represented. Wool growers and wool brokers, to the number of fifty, met recently in Sydney,. New South Wales, and took steps to make at the Exposition a very extensive collective exhibit of wools. New South Wales has selected its commission to the World’s Fair. William Ordway Patridge, the great sculptor, has asked for space in the Art Palace for his statue of Shakespeare, which he is now making for Lincoln Park. His statue of Alexander Hamilton, which he is making for the City of Boston, will also be shown. Mr. Patridge is vice-president of the Amerrcan Artists’ Association in Paris. He gives assurances that the association is heartily interested in the Exposition. ~ Leigh Lynch has been commissioned by Director-General Davis to visit the South Sea Islands in the interests of the Exposition. . The Chicago Paper Trade Club, which includes the prominent manufacturers and dealers in paper in Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, has decided to make the best exhibit of paper manufacturing and its machinery and appliances ever held under one roof. The display will show the actual manu- facture of paper in all grades from wood pulp to the highly finished book, and the exhibit will be conducted every day during the time of the Exposition. The finished product is to be run through a perfecting press and printed and sold as a souvenir. 16 The Humming Bird. Mr. Sell, the London advertising agent, has applied for space to exhibit specimens of all the leading newspapers of the world which have been printed during the last two centuries. The Exposition Committee on Electricity has decided that the names of the following electricians shall appear over the entrances of the Electricity Building: Franklin, Galvani, Ampere, Faraday, Sturgeon, Ohm, Morse, Siemens, Davy, Volta, Henry, Oersted, Coulomb, Ronald, Page, Weber, Gilbert, Davenport, Soemmering, Don Silva, Arago, Daniell, Jacobi, Wheatstone, Gauss, Vail, Bain, De la Rive, Joule, Saussure, Cooke, Varley, Steinheil, Guericke, La Place, Channing, Priestly, Maxwell, Coxe, Theles, Cavendish. It was concluded best not to honour thus any electricians who are now living. Me Takahira, Japanese Consul-General in New York, who was specially commissioned by the Mikado to look into Exposition matters, has made a formal application to Director-General Davis, for 124,100 square feet in the several buildings on the Midway Plaisance, as follows: For an official Japanese building, 40,000 square feet ; in the Manufacturer’s building, 35,000; Agricultural building, 4,000; Fine Arts, 2,000; Mines and Mining, 750; Forestry, 350; Bazaars, 42,000. Mr. Takahira was formerly secretary of the Japanese legation at Washington and speaks English fluently. He says the Japanese are greatly interested in the Exposition and will soon make a very large appropriation for participation. Books Received. ya aT . The Antigua Observer; The Kansas City Scientist ; The Ornitholog ist and Botanist, Binghamton, New York ; Revista ttaliana 52 scienze naturali e Bollettino del Naturatisia, Siena ; Pearsons Weekly, London. In this last journal, one column is exclusively devoted to Natural History, Notes and Queries. In number 75, ending December 26, 1891, there are several interesting articles on Natural History, À curious rat-caicher, Fish from Volcanoes, etc. ; Index Generum Avium. A list of the genera and subgenera of birds, by F. H. Waterhouse, Hire to the Zoological Society of London, 1880. This alphabetical list of about 7,000 generical names employed by various authors, with references to places and dates of their publication, is quite indispensable to Ornith- ologists. It will assist greatly the labours of working Scientists, and I congratulate heartily Mr. F. H, Waterhouse for the com- pilation of such a useful book. THE Epiror. The Humming Bird. v. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, &c., &c. Bicarbolic Acid... ras te quart 2/- Rectified Benzoline ss Sip Fe 2/- Boucard’s Insecticide ... Fe lb. 4/- Ammonia she Ma rs AE Qi, Collecting corked Box. ... from 1/- to 5/- each. Pocket corked Box. 2475. et ... from 1/- Corked Box for Museums at 24/- doz. ee » and glazed, splendid make. 36/-) 4 Larger sizes can be supplied. Botanical baxe .... from 2 16 to 6/- each. Pin box, for 12 grosses of different SIZES . 1/6 ‘ with 1000 pins.. ARE Sea compass, ie from 2j- to 50/- Collecting bottles with large opening from 6d. Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/- Straight Scissors ee ee (tran: 2) = ROTOR aon ans Leek: east ee oie Taxidermist knifes ... a ei ie RTE Long Forceps sn ' SE NE Smalls: me “+ de PER ES DE Insects’ Nippers, Eat Fe Be ee eT AS Sieve su Mae M Bile Blowpipe for cleaning aes 2 aod tam phe SL Digger ad ie san 2e Oe AT Folding ditto ... 6/- Insect Pins, English, F rench orGermanfrom1 /6 per 100c Steel Pins for setting butterflies. ... ,, 4/-per 1000 Setting Boards à ... I/- to 3/- each Butterfly Nets complete ae ... from 1/6 to 6/- Sweeping and Water Nets... PAPERS TU Cork in sheets at 2e UN AON St Rd OZ, Magnifying Glasses ... me Da age a > RON SY Flammerssi 2. ‘9 ae De ce BLO: TOs e Napthaline ... te eek als le Per la Botanical Grey paper... ,», 6/- ream. Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects » 10/- Steel Perforator for oe es holes in eggs pee SE Cutting pliers ae REIS Flat 5 ia «ee re À 4 À vi The Humming Bird. Price List—Continued. Arsenical Soap Ce 2/- per lb. Glass Tubes for small Tasers and shells .. oh Me Oz, Pill boxes for ste the se act URL AE eT OSS. Flax dE: REA Och" oles lc: Cotton wading per sheet 5 Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/- Dredge for collecting shells; &c "", 170 Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors 2 Knives, 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Ham- mer, 1 pair of Forceps, 1 ae 3 Gimlets, ELEC. complete y me Dome) = IOMEIE Shell- -empting with handle . ea se IL E All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had at a short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C., by ordering at the NaTuRALIsT’s AGENCY. | — STANDS, NEW STYLE. Wholesale Price. No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred » 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. i » 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. i » 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small Hawks at 32s. es » D , Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls at 40s. A ARTIFICIAL EYEN,. Wholesale Price. Cornered Black Coloured Cornered Terie a per gross per dog. pairs per doz.pairs No.lto4 6d. 1s. 64 No.4to6 3s. 6d. 4s. 6d Sy Diy Osos 2s. 6d. bt es Sask 6s. Od. » 9,,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. ie) 6s. Od. 8s: Od. » Ll 25.0d. 5s. 6d. » 2 a eo Teas 9s. Od. ol AS Sd Tee 32 LIN SBM, 10s. Od. 5 18019864 108404: sa Le O8 T OR 11s. Od. doz. of pairs » 14 38.04. 1s. 6d. » 13 10s. 0d. 12s. Od. 5, LB 8846 (DewGdhein TAN ATEN TN) 13s. Od. » 16% 4s.0d. 28. 6d: were LT bs cy O04 15s. Od. .» 17 &s.0d. 3s. Od. Larger sizes can be made » 18 128.0d. 4s. Od. to order. No. 1 to 4 are gocd for humming birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc. No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc. TO ETHNULOGISTS AND DIRECTORS OF MUSEUMS. FOR SALE. Twenty finely carved Ari ows and 1 Bow from New Guinea Price 20s. African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s. Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very nicely carved Price 30s. each. Pagaie from New Guinea, madeof palm tree Price 30s. Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what appear to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and six small ones round. It weighs 60z. 187 grammes. It is quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything like it Price £50. A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s. Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America from 6d. Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala from 3s. Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Madagascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d. Samples of Textile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal Plants, etc., from Mexico and Central America from 6d. Old and. Modern Coins from Mexico from Is. Etc., etc., etc. Apply to the Director, at Naturalists’ Agency, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England. CONSIGNMENTS OF BIRD SKINS JUST ARRIVED AT Naturalists’ Agency, 226, High Holborn, London, W.¢. A fine lot of pale red small Osprey Skins. A nice small lot of small white Osprey Skins. A fine lot of large Bee-Eaters. A large lot of splendidly made skins of Japanese Birds, from 10s. per 100 specimens. TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight, Several PROPERTIES at SAN REMO, The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. 19 VILLA MARIA LUIGIA. A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated Corso LEvanre on one side and the Bracx on the other, at about 15 minutes’ | walk from the centre of the town and 20 from the station. Splendid — view in all directions, beautiful garden of about 2,000 mètres, in which a large space has been laid purposely for lawn tennis and. other panied: . Carriage and private entrances. Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, dc. Excellent water. Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 ney windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c. First Floor.—Five large and fine rooms, three full south, two on the north side, all of them communicating. .Magnificent for Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room. Second Floor.—Seven large rooms, four full south, one of them with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the north side. Cloak Room. Corridor in the middle. Size of Villa: length 18 metres, width 10 metres. Price OB a ails J. francs 60,000. 29 VILLAS RONDO 292, CORSO GARIBALDI. Two semi-detached Villas, full south, ‘standing i in their own ground of » 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GaRABALDI, (the most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk from the central part of the town and 15 of the station. No. 25. — Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office, and Cellar. First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms. No: 27-—Exactly the same, with Underground floor containing kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens. Price for the two villas MAT aoe’ aioe Goon: francs" 45000 Separately—No. 25 ...... ... .… francs 25,000 a 27. AR £2) francs 30, 000 +40 A PIECE OF LAND. LAND. about 350 metres. Full south, on the Corso Mrezzoctorno, two minutes from the station and | the post in the central part of the town. Splendid position. Price ..-. … francs 15,000 À Por further information, apply to — A. BOUCARD,;, 225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.¢. Two of the Villas are actually Jet: Unfurnished: for 3,200 francs yearly ; but they would fetch more if Proprietor was not abroad. ‘Tt is expectéd ‘that, if properly attended, aw-Inéome betiveen £200 .and. £8007 yearly could be secured. and more if let furnished. London: J. S. ee Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, E.C. mM | x Vor. IL, No.3.) MARCH, 1892. [PRICE SIXPENCE, | / yy * (A + (| he Humming Air A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY fo Ms OU) CA Te. ES 2 a Wire y ASS SE <=. KS LE Annual Subscription : United Kingdom, Europe, N. America, & Canada, 5 shillings. Mexico, Central and South America, and West Indies, 6 shillings. ‘All other countries, 7 shillings. f L Back Numbers, One Shilling. Vol. I. complete, Ten Shillings. ; Only a few copies to dispose of. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. Whole Page, £2. Half-Page, £1 2s. Quarter-Page, 13s. Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to five lines, and 6d. per line extra. Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contract. Published by A. Boucar», 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co, Paturalists and feather Merchants, 925, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND. Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co., offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skele- tons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crustaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts ; Pictures and Works of Art, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. IN STOCK, About 6,000 species of Birds, 30,000 species of Colcoptera and Lepidoptera, Mammal Skins, from New Guinea, West Africa, SoutE America, etc.; Land, Freshwater, and Marine Shells, a large number of species; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit; Crustaceæ, dried and in spirit ; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED WEEKLY FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. FOR SALE, A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich in Lanp Snes, and con- taining many Types and new species, about 40,000 specimens. For Price, etc., apply at 225, Hicx HorBorn, Lonpon, W. oi? POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE, A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World, For Prices, &c., apply to Narurazrsrs’ AGENCY, 225, High HorBorn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German States. Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes. Old unused English and Colonials, Old works on Stamps, Proofs of Stamps, etc., etc. Che Humming Bird. - ART. Celebrated Gallery of Old Masters of the late General Marquess de Garbarino. This is a small gallery, but I think that it can compare with any. It consists only of thirteen paintings, but all of them are gems, ‘The first is a Masaccio, celebrated Italian painter, born in 1401 at Valdurno, and died at Florence in 1443. It represents the Wedding of tha Virgen. According to Marquess Garbarino, it comes from the Royal Gallery of Madrid, where his uncle André de Montebruno, a great expert and collector of paintings, then a General in the service of Napoleon the First, bought it, after the conquest of the capita! by the French army. It is signed Opus Masaccio, 1435. In this painting can be seen the coat of arms of Cardinal de Monti, who during the fifteenth century was sent as Nuncio to Spain. It is probable that it was given to the King of Spain by his Holiness the Pope, or by the Cardinal himself. It is the finest and the best preserved Masaccic existing. Tne subject of the second, which is not inferior to the frst, but even more exquisite in design, and antiquity is a Presentation to the Temple, by the most illustrious painter Raphael d’Urbino. His master Perugino has also worked on it. This magnificent masterpiece was bought in 1815 by General Montebruno, from the parson of the noble church of Prince’s Larmarmora, at Biella, Piedmonte. Money was wanted to rebuild the roof of the church, hence the sale of this picture to the General. The painting was formerly on wood, and from old age it was decaying, when the painter Merani of Genoa saw it and convinced the father of the late Marquess to have it restored. It was an easy work being painted on canvas called peaud’ceuf. It was transposed on a new canvas with all the perfection desired. The third painting on wood is from Leonardo da Vinci, one of the most celebrated painters of the fifteenth century, 1452—1519. It represents Santa Catarina with her wheel. If you look at it carefully, the eyes of the Saint seem to be life-like € 18 The Humming Bird. and staring at you. It is one of the fine paintings of that distinguished artist. The fourth is an handsome painting by Giulo Pipi, known also as Jules Romain, celebrated Italian artist of the 15th and 16th centuries, 1492—1546. It represents the Lapida- tion of St. Etienne. ‘These four paintings are the most precious of the gallery and are worth a princely fortune. The other nine are two Holy Families on wood by Gian Bellini, celebrated painter of the 15th and 16th centuries. Giorgon, Titien, and Sebastian del Piombo, were among his pupils. Two Portraits by the celebrated Italian painter, Andrea del Sarto, known also as Andrea Vannuchi, 1488—1530. Les Epousailles de $ésus, enfant, by Sodoma, 1479—1554, or his pupil Cesare de Cesto. One Holy Family by Quand Fuannes, celebrated Spanish master. ‘This painting is very fine and looks like enamel. It is round and on wood. The Descent of Fesus from the Cross, attributed to Mantegna, celebrated painter of the 15th and 16th centuries, 1403—1506. Agar by Corregio, 1404—1534. It was taken or bought by General Montebruno, from the Napoli Gallery, when the French conquered that place. It is very fine and painted on wood. The thirteenth and last is from Gaundensio Ferrari. It represents St. Yérôme im the Désert. It is one of the best of that master. All the above paintings are more or less masterpieces and there is not a gallery in the world where they should be misplaced. If they were exhibited in London or in other capitals, I have no doubt that thousands and thousands of visitors would pay willingly a good entrance fee to be able to admire them; but unfortunately the family, although willing to sell, is adverse to an exhibition. Any one of the four principals by itself would attract great crowds in London or elsewhere. Measures of the paintings :— French measure. Mètres. Personages. Height. Width. Masaccio on wood .. 11 half nat. size .. 1°63 1'30 RAPHAEL ON Canvas SL SAR Me MeV T°28 1°29 LEONARDO ON: WOOds: ... sz 3 a OO 0°52 GuiILo RoMANo or Pipi es, TO a. re FRET a: Lure GIAN BELLINI L EX Bae 8 LORS O'51 9 ” ” wie | fe ” ” ‘+ 0°34 0°45 ANDREA DEL SARTO $ rte “iy: ONES O'51 ” 3, ” ” oe ol ++ 0°54 O'‘41I SozoMA o C. Da S. à 6 Me Eee SIZE OC 0°89 QUAND JUANNES sy .. 2neatly full size.. 0°64 0°64 CORREGIO x .. 2 Small size 537 OSI 0°42 GAUDENZIO FERRARI oncanvas .. 1 full size VTT 1°18 The Humming Bird. 19 Amateurs willing to purchase this unique Gallery, or part of it, are requested to communicate immediately with Mr. A. Boucard, Editor of the Humming Bird, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C., who has instructions for the dis- posal of same, and can supply all particulars about it. Photographs of the paintings can be seen at the above address, by appointment only. INDUSTRY. Customs Tariff of Great Britain and Ireland. Now that so many countries in Europe and elsewhere have gone back to protective tariffs, prohibitive in many in- stances, I think it will interest the readers of the HUMMING Brrp to be able to compare the said tariffs with the English. It is noteworthy that England is the only one important country in Europe who has not altered its tariff, and I think that it is the only country which understands its own interests best, and it is not necessary to be a prophet to say that in the long run, the advantages of such a system will be in favour of that country. In England, less than twenty varieties of goods pay import duties, and none pays export duties. Hence the immense shipping of goods to England, and making all other countries its tributaries. Not only I hope that England will not follow suit with the European and American countries which have raised their tariffs; but I expect that at an early date, it will do away altogether with the Customs tariffs, and I firmly believe that if such a thing may come to pass, the prosperity of England will increase considerably yet. 1 FA Sy Ordinary Import Duties. Poe Sv, COCDAy ’.1. so Sas nee nd Ee sed a bd per lb. o o 1 Husks and shells ue: percwt. o 2 0 Cocoa or Chocolate Ground, Prepared or in any way Manufactured per lb. 0 © 2 CoFFEE, RAW … Se aA a se eae DPERCWE- O4 O Kiln-dried, Roasted or Ground... Les LA sas aes Ab perlb. 0 o 2 FRUIT, DRIED, Currants, Figs, Fig Cake, Plums not preserved in Sugar, Prunes and Raisins... ee nee. + + ee oo mac 2. percwt. © ZG TEA coe pat es duis “er is oc Bes 4 Fe perlb. o o 6 ToBACCO. Unmanufactured, Stemmed or Unstemmed, containing i in every 100 lbs. weight thereof 10 lbs. or more of moisture = a pie ee PeE Des 0316 Ditto, containing less than 10 lbs. of moisture ye © 3 10 Manufactured :— Cigars . ons 6 Cavendish or N egrohead 4 10 Snuff, containing in every 100 Ibs. weight thereof more than 13 Ibs. of moisture .., vee vee ena a perlb rome x Not more than 13 Ibs. of moisture 4 10 Other Manufactured Tobacco and Cavendish or Negrohead Manufactured or in Bond from Unmanufactured Tobacco ... : : i PHARE O° whe 4 INE, Containing less than 26 degrees of Proof Spirits … PAS ..per gallon o x o Containing 26 and less than 42 degrees of Proof Spirits ... 0 2 6 With an additional duty of 3d. per gallon for every degree of ‘strength beyond the highest above specified. 20 The Humming Bird. Import Duties to Countervail Excise Duty upon British Beer. a Sad. BEER and ALE, the Worts of which were, before fermentation, of a specific gravity of 1,057 degrees ... per barrel of 36 galls. 0 6 6 And so on in proportion for any difference in gravity. Beker, Rum, and SPRUCE. The Worts of which were, before fermentation, of a specific gravity : Not exceeding 1,215 degs. ... sa ea see per bbl. of 36 galls. 1 6 o Exceeding 1,215 ‘degs. ee oa se sot of Be 2 IIo 6 Import Duties to Countervail Excise Duty upon British Spirits. SOhODOWODAS Zs. d. SPIRITS and SrRONG WATERS. Rum, Brandy, Geneva, and Unenumerated Spirits... per proof gall. o 10 4 Liqueurs, Cordials or other preparations containing un in bottle, not tested for strength a 20 as ee pers gall. o 14 Perfumed Spirits and Cologne Water a nag Ba o 16 CHLOROFORM ee 2 se a a: per Ibe) 63 CHLORAL HYDRATE uae oa fee an ae ce 3 Or COLLODION … ay aes ae ae che re vee CE per gall. xr 4 ETHER, Sulphuric aoe ove ae wee nee 500 oS > a) ETHYL, Iodide of = ah = ae 0 13 NAPHTHA, purified so as to be potable per proof gall. O 10 Soap, TRANSPARENT, in the manufacture of which Spirit has been used perlb. o o VARNISH, containing Atcbtio) ee ae ee a aes sa per gall. See Spir it Duties. Import Duties to Countervail Excise Duty on British- made Articles. 7% Sy, Cle PLATE, GoLp Ree a ri s ee ae ae per oz. Troy 017 o 55 SILVER Fe Su ah, Ae + A 4p cp O} 0 PLAYING CARDs ... de Fe APO ts A Sie per doz.packs o 3 2 CHICAGO EXP@SIl Tian World’s Fair Notes. More than one and one-half million pounds of steel and iron will enter into the construction of the Mines and Mining Building. The .Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British Guiana has decided to hold a local exhibition of its resources preliminary to the display it intends making at Chicago. The imitation battleship ‘‘ Illinois,” at the naval pier, in the Exposition grounds, is now rising from the water. Work is progressing satisfactorily on the hull. The deck will measure over all 348 by 693 feet. The structure is to cost $100,000 and is the most original illustration of naval architecture ever worked out. A company has been ormed, embracing several very wealthy men, to inaugurate and operate in Chicago a per- manent circus after the style of the Hippodrome in Paris. A building, with seating capacity of 5,000, and having a The Humming Bird. 21 garden on the roof, will be erected, and the attraction will be in operation to entertain World’s Fair crowds. Charles W. Rolfe, of the Illinois University, at Cham- paign, has been elected to take charge of the relief map of Illinois, which is to be a part of the State exhibit. He will be assisted by a corps of ten engineers, who will go in the field soon. ‘The map is to be made on a scale of one inch to three miles. It will be six by ten feet and cost $15,000. One of the largest bicycle factories in America has written to Chief Smith, of the Transportation Department, that it will exhibit at the Fair ‘‘ bicyles and tricyles of every style of the trade, showing the rise and progress of the art of making ‘ wheels,’ from the first ‘bone shaker’ built in this country up to the highly finished ‘safety’ of the present day.” Chief Ives of the Art Department, now in Europe, writes most encouragingly concerning the prospects of the Art exhibit of the Exposition. He has conferred with artists and art societies in many of the principal cities of Europe and has found them greatly interested in the Exposition, and anxious to send paintings and other art productions for exhibition. He reports his success much greater than he anticipated. A stock company with a capital of $100,000 has been formed to place a paper exhibit at the Columbian Exposition. Every American paper maker or American manufacturer of paper-making machinery will be allowed to take stock. The entire capital has already been secured, but the pledges will not be called for until the outsiders have been given a chance, in order to do away with any idea of a money- making scheme. A Committee of Five has been appointed by President M. J. Fitch to take the matter in hand and to send a representative to the meeting of the Boston Paper Trade Club on the third Wednesday in November. All of the restaurants in the Mines and Mining and Electricity buildings will be in the galleries.’ This was determined in order to leave the ground floor free as far as may be for intending exhibitors. It is thought also that restaurants on the second floors of the buildings would prove an attractive feature. It was also decided that the restaurants in the Electricity building be located in the two bays at the north end of the hall. In each bay there is to be one large dining-room, surrounded by several smaller rooms twenty-three feet square. The balcony connecting the two is to be fitted up for serving temperance drinks and ices. In the great Manufactures Building about 40,000 square feet have been set apart for restaurants. 29 The Humming Bird. The President of Uruguay has designated the Associa- tion Rural of that country as the National Commission to have charge of Uruguay’s exhibit at Chicago in 1893. Vilmorin & Co., of Paris, who made the largest horti- cultural exhibit at the Paris Exposition, have had a repre- sentative in Chicago conferring with Chief Samuels and perfecting arrangements for making a similar exhibit at the World’s Fair. A 10,000 dollar model of a stamp mill for reducing copper, now the property of the State Museum of Michigan will be shown at the Fair. This model was made and presented by the Calumet and Hecla Copper Company. The Atlantic Transport Company, operating a line ot steamers between London and New York, has agreed to carry exhibits from London to either New York, Philadelphia or Baltimore free of charge, except the actual expenses of loading and unloading. ‘This generous proposition makes it possible for European exhibitors to have their displays brought to the American sea-board practically free of charge. The budget committee of the German Reichstag has voted a World’s Fair appropriation of 900,000 marks, or $214,200. Chief Putnam, of the Department of Ethnology, has thirty agents in North, Central, and South America, col- lecting material for the Ethnological exhibit. One hundred and twenty car loads of glass, enough to cover twenty-nine acres, will be used in the roofs of the various Exposition structures. More than forty-one car loads, or eleven acres, will be required by the great Manu- factures Building alone. Edison’s electrical exhibit at the Exposition will represent an expenditure of something like $100,000. The women of Texas have organized a State World’s Fair Board of Lady Managers, with an executive committee of thirty-one, and Mrs. Wm. H. Tobin, of Austin, president and Mrs. Sidney Smith, of Dallus, as secretary. The London and North-Western Railway will send to the Exposition an exhibit illustrating the English railway system. The Austrian Government has postponed, until 1894, the International Jubilee Art Exhibition, so that it will not interfere with the World’s Fair. The Exposition Commission, which will visit the countries of Southern Europe and Northern Africa, is composed of The Humming Bird. 23 Ex-Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard, Vice-President Thomas B. Bryan, National Commissioner James Hodges, of Maryland, and Director H. N. Higinbotham. A miniature model of the town of Pullman, 30 by 8o feet, will be a part of the exhibit made by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The Queen Isabella Association has requested space in the Exposition grounds, near the Lake, for the statue of Queen Isabella, which Harriet Hosmer is making, and also space for a building. The contract for the construction of the Illinois State Building at the Exposition has been let to William Harley & Son, for $195,800. This does not include statuary work and interior decoration. The total cost is expected to reach $275,000 or more. The validity of California’s World’s Fair appropriation of $300,000 has been affirmed by the State Supreme Court. Philadelphians are discussing the question of exhibiting at the Exposition the mammoth bronze statue of William Penn, which is to surmount the tower of the Quaker City’s new city hall. The statue is thirty-seven feet high, and of such monster proportions that a man could ride a horse around the rim of Penn’s hat. It is proposed to have the statue a part of the official exhibit of Philadelphia. About ten million pounds of iron will be used in the con- struction of the gigantic Manufactures Building. The Edgmore Bridge Company, of Wilmington, Del., was awarded the contract at a price which will bring the ageregate amount up to $460,000. Princess Christian, third daughter of Queen Victoria, has been chosen President of the English Committee on Women’s Work for the World’s Fair. Several merchants of Smyrna have asked for 1,000 square feet of space in which to exhibit the finest specimens of Turkish rugs and carpets. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad proposes to make an exhibit showing the progress of its development from a primitive tramcar to a fully equipped railway. The headquarters of the Texas World’s Fair Association have been moved from Fore Worth to Waco, and changes have been made in its officers, Pres. T. J. Hurley has resigned, and has been succeeded by Col. H. B. Andrews of San Antonio. Col. R. B. Parrott of Waco was elected to succeed Col. Andrews as Vice-President. Hon. Frank R. Lubbock, ex-Governor and ex-Treasurer of the State, has become the financial agent of the Association, and will 24 The Humming Bird. canvass the State to assist in raising the $300,000 desired. Nineteen Texas architects submitted plans for the Texas building, and the best five of the plans have been forwarded to the Exposition Construction Department at Chicago. Pennsylvania’s World’s Fair Board has appropriated $1,000, to be distributed in premiums in the Agricultural and Live-Stock Departments of the exhibit from that State. The Michigan State Horticultural Society intends to exhibit a peach orchard in full bearing. The project of establishing a Columbian Memorial Museum, which shall be a permanent attraction and which, it is expected, will be given many thousands of curios and other objects exhibited at the Exposition, is being warmly supported by a number of Exposition officials and others. It is announced that within thirty days the tearing down of the old Inter-state Exposition building on the Lake Front in Chicago will begin. . On its site will be erected a permanent Art Institute building costing $600,000 or more. The Exposition authorities contribute $200,000 of this amount, and during the Exposition the structure will be utilized for some of the meetings provided by the World’s Congress Auxiliary. Miss Alice Rideout, of San Francisco, has won the dis- tinction of having submitted the best designs for the statuary which is to adorn the Woman’s Building. She submitted three designs in plaster, representing respectively ‘¢Woman’s Virtues,’ ‘ Woman as the Spirit of Civiliza- tion,” and ‘* Woman’s Place in History.” The first and last groups will stand free above the attic cornice, sixty feet from the ground, and will cost from $1,500 to $2,500 each. The third, ‘Woman as the Spirit of Civilization,” will be in high relief, and will fill the pediment over the main entrance of the Woman’s Building. It will cost about $3,000. Obituary. On the 16th February, HENRY WALTER BatTEs, F.R.S., Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, aged 67 years. A widow, three sons and one daughter, remain to deplore his loss. The biography and portrait of this Naturalist will appear in April number of Zhe Humming Bird. Naturalists’ Agency, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the otre of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, &c., &c. Bicarbolic Acid... we quart 2/- Steel Pinsforsetting butterflies,, 4/- per 1000 Rectified Benzoline ... AS OS 2/- Setting Boards ... ? ...1/- to 3/- each Boucard’s Insecticide .. .. lb, -4/- Butterfly Nets complete from 1/6 to 5/- Ammonia ff Sw eeping and Water Nets Pear) As) Collecting corked Box from 1/- to 5 5/- each Cork in Sheets ... Ke »» 3/- doz. Pocket corked box... ... from 1/- Magnifying Glasses... » l/-to5/- Corked Box for Museums ... 94/- doz. Hammers.. : Ea » 1/6 to 5/- be » and gs: splendld Naphthaline > 4. ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small Hawks LE ae A 5 328 4) > 9. 5, Small Hawksto Large Hawks and Owls ... = ao 55 40s re ARTIFICIAL EYES. Cornered Black __ Coloured Cornered and Veimed . per gross. per doz. pairs per doz. pairs ~ No. 1 to 4 6d ls 6d No. 4 to 6 3s 6d 4s 6d BG) ae: 8d 2s 6d ANT Send 5s 0d 6s 0d 7 9 A0 18 08: 4s Od nz 9 6s 0d 8s 0d im 11 2s Od 5s 6d 54 10 7s 0d 9s 0d ¥ 12 2s 3d 7s 0d ay 11 8s 0d 10s 0d 3 13 2s 6d 10s 0d > )2 9s 0d lls 0d doz. of pairs poate | 2s 0d ls 6d Bee: 10s 0d 13s 0d SR AO 3s 6d 2s 6d ph 14 11s 0d 13s 0d 5 16 4s 0d 2s 6d = 14 13s 0d 15s 0d ie AT 8s 0d 3s Od Larger sizes can be made i 18 12s 0d 4s 0d to order. No. 1 to 4 are good for humming birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, &c. No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls Herons, &c. Ethnological Specimens and Curios from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New Guinea, Mexico, Central America, &c., &c., at very reasonable prices. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Carabas from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23 specimens at ds, each, TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight, SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN REMO, The es Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. 1° VILLA MARIA LUIGIA. A charming residence, standing in its own grounds, situated Corso LEVANTE. on one side and the Bracu on the other, at about 15 minutes walk from the centre of the town and 20 from the station. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful gardens of about 2,000 mètres, in which a large space has been laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games. Carriage and private entrances. Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, Se. Excellent Water. Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay windows opening on he Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c. First Floor. — Five large and fine rooms, three full south, two on the north side, all of them communicating. Magnificent for Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room. Second F'loor.—Seven large rooms, four full south, one of them with dressing- room, three fine rooms on the north side. Cloak Room. Corridor in the middle. Size of Villa: length 18 mètres, width 10 mètres. Price .. a ds ip og francs 60,000 99 ON VESTAS RONDO 29) Os CORSO GARIBALDI. Two semi- detnened Villas, full south,..standing in their own grounds of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GARABALDI,. (the most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk from the central part of the town and 15 of the station. No. 25.— Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office, and Cellar. First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms. No. 27.—Exactly the same, with Underground floor containing kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens. Priee for the two villas are is ee francs 45,000 1 Separately—No. 25 a va francs 25,000 No. 27 de francs 30,000 3° A PIECE OF LAND ABOUT 350 METRES. Full south, on the Corso Mrezzociorno, two minutes from the station and the port, in the central part of the town. Splendid position. Price is dE Ke Ne ia x francs 15,000 For further information apply to— A. BOUCARD, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. Two of the Villas, the smallest and the largest, are actually let Unfurnished for several years at 3,600 francs yearly ; but they would fetch more if Proprietor was not abroad. It is expected that, if properly attended, an Income between £200 and £300 yearly could be secured, and more if let furnished. London: Onas. SrRAKER & Sons, Bishopsgate Avenue, E.0. x | # Von ES No A] APRIL, 1892. [PRICE SIXPENCE. de Che Humming Aird A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY Av OE GARD. << ee Sere ALES Wate Sor SSS PL NUL J > SS Se a — Annual Subscription : United Kingdom, Europe, N. America, & Canada, 5 shillings. Mexico, Central and South America, and West Indies, 6 shillings. All other countries, 7 *htllings.- Back Numbers, One Shilling. Vol. I, complete, Ten Shillings. Only a few copies to dispose of. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. Whole Page, £2. Half-Page, £1 2s. Quartez-Page, 13s. Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to five lines, and 6d. per line extra. Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contracte Published by A. Boucarp, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. | ~ BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co. Maturalists and Feather #Merchants, Ai, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, He ENGLAND. Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co., offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammial and Bird Skins, Skele- tons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells ; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crustaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit ; Ethnological collections from all parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all) sorts ; Pictures and Works of Art, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without bee Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to a the very best prices for them. oe IN STOCK. Aaa 6,000 species of Birds, 30,000 species of Colebptone a Lepidoptera, Mammal Skins, from New Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc.; Land, Freshwater, and Marine Shells, a large number of species ; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crustaces, dried and i in spirit ; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED WEEKLY FROM ALL PARTS. OF THE WORLD. FOR SALE. A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich'in Land SueEvus, and con- taining many Types and new species, about 40,000 specimens. For Price, etc., REP: at 225, HrGx HERO Lonpon,, W. C. ! POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE. A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For Prices, &c., apply to Naruratrists’ Acrncy, 225, Hien Horsonx, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and: old German States. | Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes: Old unused Englisk and Colonials. Old works on Stamps. Proofs of Stamps, etc, ete. 7 VU HENRY WALTER BATES. 1825—1892. Che Humming Bird. ————= Biographical Notes on Henry Walter Bates, F..R.S., etc., etc, eee — Henry Walter Bates was born at Leicester on February 8th, 1825, where his father was engaged in one of the staple industries of the town. Hewas educated there, with a view to commercial life; and his school education was supplemented by attending evening classes, where he ac- quired his knowledge of classics and the rudiments of modern languages. But his taste for Natural History soon predominated, and in 1843-1844, several notes by him on British Coleoptera were published in the Zoologist. In 1845 he made the acquaintance ot Mr. A. R. Wallace, who was then engaged as a tutor in Leicester, and this ac- quaintanceship proved fraught with events concerning his future career. In April, 1848, the two friends embarked in a ship for Para. At that time there were no steamers plying between England and South America, and it was really a voyage that Messrs. Bates and Wallace had undertaken. They were the only two passengers. They arrived at their destination many weeks after, suffering more or less with bad weather during their voyage. They remained for some months at Para, at the mouth of the Amazons, a place rather insalubrious. They soon had to contend with sickness. Bates was attacked by yellow fever, but happily recovered; but during all his life he suffered more or less from the consequences of this terrible disease. Wallace lost his brother from the same plague. The two explorers separated shortly after. Wallace went and explored the Rio Negro, where he made some important discoveries, and Bates went up the main stream of the Amazons, exploring carefully all the places which he visited, on the shores of this mighty river. He spent 11 years on the Amazons, ascending up to a point over the Peruvian The Humming Bird. 27 frontier, distant 1,800 miles from the Atlantic. ‘This voyage of explorations was made in canoes, small boats used by the natives. Only those who have done it, can have an idea of how tedious and hard it is to make a voyage of that description, all day long teased by myriads of a small fly, Diptera, which sucks all your blood, causing a great irri- tation and leaving on your skin a small round red spot which gradually becomes black when it dries, so that in a short time all the exposed parts are minutely tattoed red and black. If you go on shore, even for a few minutes, a multitude of small and large species of Garapatas, ‘“ Avachnidae’’ take possession of your clothes, and from there introduce themselves in every parts of your body, where they incrust their mandibles and remain fixed there until they are fat and full grown, ready to lay their eggs. Then they drop. Some are excessively minute and not easy of detection after taking possession of you; but you are constantly reminded of their presence by the irritation they produce on your skin. Others are of medium and large size. These can be removed by hand, but itis a tiresome work and not always successful as they usually select the most inacessible places. If some days have passed when you detect them, you pull them out regardless of the consequences, but their mandibles are so incrusted in your flesh, that in many cases the body comes off but the head remains. Once the boat infested with these insects you will have to bear with them until the end of the voyage. These are the day pests, but as soon as twilight comes newtormentors arrive. The first is a small species of fly, Diptera, which is not injurious so far, but hovers around you in such quantities that they find their way in your eyes, nose, ears, and mouth and are very importunate. This lasts until night sets in, then comes Mosquitoes of all sizes, the pest known all over the world, even in Europe, but it is quite impossible to have an idea of the bites of these tropical species. Some are very large, some are not, but they are so abundant that you cannot have one minute of rest. Even with a mosquito net, which is rather hard to endure in consequence of the heat, and the small size of the boats, they find their way inside. The poison introduced in your blood by these tropical Mosquitoes is very irritating. So that, withthe inflamma- tion produced by the bites of the day-pests, the heat, and the Mosquitoes, you can imagine what a life it is for the traveller, who risks himself on a journey of. over one thousand miles on a tropical river. Well, that is what Bates did, for love of science, and he had to suffer this martyrdom for many months, until he 28 The Humming Bird. ‘settled at Ega, then a small village inhabited by some hundred people. It is there and in the neighbourhoods, not far from that place, that Bates did work fora number of years, and was very successful. He collected many thousand species of insects, chiefly Colcoptera and Lepidoptera, and most of them new to science. Even now, after the numerous descriptions made by him and others of the new species which he discovered on the Amazons, I think the matter is not exhausted, and many species remain still undescribed in his collection. Ega, at that time, was a real Paradise for an enthusiastic Naturialist like Bates. | In 1859, he left Para on an American trading vessel and returned to England, wid New York. A few years after, in 1863, he published a description of his travels under the title, the Naturalist on the River Amazons. This book, originally in two volumes, was a great success, and is still selling well, in a somewhat medified form, in one volume. It has been translated in several European languages. In this book he gives a vivid description of his travels on the Amazons. It contains very valuable information on the biology, ethnology, and geography of that country. Soon after that he married a Leicestershire lady, a great en- thusiast of travels, who hoped to accompany him in his future expeditions, but in that she was deceived, for many events occurred which did not permit to think of future travels, and compelled him to remain in England. His work on the Amazons attracted the attention of Sir Roderick Murchison, who had great influence at the Royal Geographical Society, and who became his warm friend and patron. A vacancy occurring in 1864 in the Assistant Secretaryship of the Society, the post was offered to Bates, who accepted and retained it to the last, for he was on duty up toa very short time before his death. His services to the Geographical Society will be fully acknowledged elsewhere, but it is only justice to say that during his time of office, Entomology has been greatly aided by him by sound advices given freely to a host of Explorers, whom he also materially assisted by equipping with apparatus for collecting. In this way he increased considerably his col- lections. During his stay on the Amazons he put together an enormous mass of biological notes, in manuscript, copiously illustrated by sketches, for he was no mean artist. These notes still exist but (with the exception of those on the Termitidac) unpublished. As a philosophical Naturalist he was a _ profound The Humming Bird. 29 student of the bearings of the phenomena he witnessed in his investigations of the rich Amazonian fauna. On the question of the Origin of Species and cognate matters, a close friendship existed between him and Charles Darwin, as the writings of the latter abundantly show. That he was a thorough evolutionist is certain, that he remained a believer in natural selection as the sole factor in the Origin of Species may be not so certain. In 1862 he produced his memoiron Mimetic Ressem- blances as illustrated by the Heliconidac, which took the world by surprise. After that, nearly the whole of his spare time was devoted to Systematic Entomology. At first the Rhopalccera engaged his attention, especially the Papilioni- dae and Erycinidae, his Catalogue of the latter having been adopted as a basis by succeeding authors. About ten years ago he sold his collection of butterflies to Messrs. Godman and Salvin, ‘since liberally given by these gentlemen to the British Museum, with their own col- lection,” and thenceforth occupied himself with Colcoptera; especially Cicindelidae, Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Cerambycidae. On these families his publications have been excessively numerous, for they concerned the whole world. They appeared chiefly in the principal scientific papers published in England, such as the Proceedings cf the Zoological Society, the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, and many others. There is scarcely a Volume of the Æntomologist's Monthly Magazine in which his contributions do not appear. His last important work was his contributions in the Biologia Centrali Americana, in which he has described all the species of the four important families, Cicindelidae, Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Cerambycidae, which form a prominent feature in this very important work. This alone would satisfy the ambition of any Entomologist; but with Bates there were no impossibilities. A short time before his death he sold his collection ot Cerambvcidae to Mr. Charles Oberthur of Rennes. For a considerable time he had been engaged on a new classification of the Carabidae on certain oral structures. This was to have been his magnum opus, as he himself used to say ; but death prevented its completion, which is greatly to be regretted. Bates has also been a contributor to many other impor- tant publications. His work (chiefly anonymous) in this line was enormous at one time, and he was on the staff of the Atheneum and other scientific reviews. He edited and extended Stanford’s book of geography and travels ; Central 30 The Humming Bird. America, the West Indies, and South America, one volume of 572 pages. It is incredible that one man alone, in such a short space of time, ‘‘ 32 years,” has been able to do the amount of work done by Bates, and what is more extra- ordinary still, for one who knew him personally, is that he never seemed to be in a hurry, which proves that he was a methodical and very hard worker. Honour to his memory !!! In 1861 he was elected a member of the Entomological Society of London, of which he was President in 1868 and 1869, and again in 1878. In 1871 he was admitted to the Linnean Society under a rule that enables the council to waive the pecuniary contribution in especial cases. In 1863 he had received a like distinction at the hands of the Zoological Society. In 1881 he became a fellow of the Royal Society, the highest distinction which can be con- ferred in England to a scientist. His official position caused him to be Secretary of the Geographical Section of the British Association for many vears; but he declined the honour of being president of the section. The late Emperor of Brazil, in one of -his visits to London, made the acquaintance of Bates, and had several interviews with him. He was so delighted to meet with such a distinguished linguist and scientist, that he knighted him on the spot Commander of the Order of the Rose, a distinction rarely conferred on foreigners. In private life, Bates was a model husband, a good and loving father, and a true friend. I first made his acquaintance in 1864, just a little before my third voyage in Mexico. In 1869 I met him again in London, and since that epoch I have visited him often, and I have always considered him as one of my best friends. I always found him modest, trustful, helping, and sociable, and few are the entomologists of the day who do not know the way to his house. During the many years that I visited him, especially on Sundays, the only free day he had, it was very seldom when I did not meet at his place one or another of the best known naturalists of the world. Delightful were the afternoons and evenings passed in company of Bates and his charming family. His conversation was always extremely interesting, and time with him did not pass but fly. It was time to part and we had never exhausted allthat we hadtosay. Itis true that we had the same tastes, and in many things we did agree entirely, but with all that, it shows what a sociable and good friend he was, always ready to help you in every way. The Humming Bird. | 31 Lately, for want of time, I did not see him as much as before, and I regret it, because I consider that I have lost a great deal. In the middle of last year, he lost his beloved daughter, Alice Bates, the eldest of his children, and he felt it immensely. In fact, at the time of his death he had not got over it. Here are some extracts of the last letter which he wrote to me shortly before his death. January 7th, 1892. Mon cher Boucard, I gather from your letter that you do not know that our much loved daughter Alice is dead. I felt sure that her husband’s family had sent the funeral cards to you and dear friend Sallé, for I gave your addresses to them; but it appears this was not the case. She died in May last, leaving an infant girl, who is now being brought up by her sister Sarah. We have not got over our grief, and I have been more or less ill since. Mrs. Bates and I went away after Christmas for eleven days and only returned last evening. I need not repeat what I have said in a former letter, that we shall be glad to see you whenever you find it convenient to come. But you will find it a dull household. Mrs. Bates desires me to send you her kindest regards. Many thanks for sending in the Humming Bird so regularly. -You must work very hard. Yours sincerely, HW: BATES: As I said before, during all his life he resented more or less the consequences of the attacks of yellow and inter- mittent fevers, from which he suffered during his expedition on the Amazons. His liver, being out of order, occasioned attacks of dyspepsia, which his robust constitution enabled him for many years to throw off, but lately symptoms of some organic gastric mischief appeared ; upon this influenza supervened, and his last iliness was of brief duration. He leaves a widow, three sons (two of whom are in New Zealand), and a married daughter to deplore his loss. The death of this eminent naturalist, at the early age of 68, is a great loss for science, to whom he was one of the most.devoted adepts, but his memory will never fade. He has done much for science, and it is to be hoped that one or more of his sons will follow the brilliant career so well fulfilled by their father, A. BOUCARD. 32 The Humming Bird. CHICAGO EXPOSITION. World’s Fair Notes. An Ohio World’s Fair commissioner has estimated that the exhibitors from his State will spend upwards of $5,000,000 in the preparation of their exhibits for the Exposition. The California building at the Fair will be an imposing structure of the ‘‘ old mission ” type, 110 by 500 feet, with a dome, and costing about $75,000. It will be surrounded by a hedge of Monterey cypress. Denmark will spent about $5,500 in showing, as a lead- ing feature of its World’s Fair exhibit, a Danish dairy, complete and in operation. The dairy interest is one of the most important in Denmark, and the most approved methods and mechanical apphenee: are utilized in the dairies of that country. W. L. Libby & Sons, of Toledo, intend to erect, on Midway Plaisance, a factory in which the manufacture of cut glass can be seen, from the furnace, on through the cut- ting, finishing and decorating departments, until the finished product is turned out. The factory plans call for a structure 125 by 200 feet, of stone, iron, and glass, and with imposing dome. The firm intends to spend $40,000 on the building alone. Italy will make no governmental dena at the Exposi- tion. The king, however, has recognized the Fair, by appointing a commission, and Minister of State, Rudini, has informed Vice-President Bryan and Director Higin- botham, that the government will encourage individual exhibitors in every way possible. He intimated that it would even pay for the transportation of all exhibits. Mr. Higinbotham reports that there is throughout Italy much enthusiasm over the Exposition, and that the painters, sculptors and manufacturers of artistic wares are hard at work on intended exhibits. Baron de Berlepsch, German minister of commerce, has written to the chamber of commerce of Crefeld, the principal place in Prussia, for the manufacture of silk goods, that the Emperor ardently desires that there should be as fine a display as possible of German silks and velvets at the Chicago World’s Fair. A majority of the silk and velvet manufacturing firms in the Rhenish provinces will comply with the wishes of the Emperor, whose interest in Germany’s share of the exhibition is having a stimulating effect in all directions. Naturalists’ Agency, 226, High Holborn, London, W.C. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, &c., &c. Bicarbolie Acid.., x ... quart. 2/- Rect.fied Benzoline ... TS 2/- Boucard’s Insecticide .. soe, Ws 4/- Ammonia hearse 4/- Coliecting corked Box from 1/- to 5/- each Pocket corked box from 1/- Corked Box for Museums 24/- doz. », and glazed, splendld 22 make. 4 36/- ;, Lar ger sizes can be supplied. Botanical box ... from 2/6 to 6/- each Pin 1 ox, for 12 grosses of different sizes .. wee 1/6 Pin box, with 1 000 pins 3 3/- Sea compass ; . from 2/- to 50/- Collecting bottles with lar ge opening from 6d. Boucard’s tin collecting box with two ba ae aa Ye 2/- Straight Scissors.. .. from 2/- Curved at ine Tee ges Taxirdermist kniv est els 14/6 Long Forceps : … AS SIRO oe small ” : eee oe 39 ]/- Insects’ Nippers... Pes Je oan at rae] WA Sieve eats ee Blowpipe for cleaning ges SMe Re SUES Digger. sev 59 2/7 & 4/- Folding ditto... Ys 1 Gs Insect Pins, English, French or German from 1/6 per 1000 | | Steel Pinsforsettingbutterflies ,, 4/- per 1000 Setting Boards . 5 ...1/- to 3/- each Butter fly Nets complete from 1/6 to 5/- Sweeping and Water Nets 02/0 Cork in Sheets ... 2 », 9/- doz. Magnifying Cees ate » 1/-to5- Hammers .. 3 {he », 1/6 to 5/- Naphthaline ai A », 4/-perlb. Botanical Grey paper ... », _6/-ream Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects pe 55 1110; Steel Perforator for ‘making holes in eggs Ex Fer ee Cutting ens Ss ne relia) ei Flat. p Eas a EW Arsenical § Soap af js 2/\per Ib Glass Tubes for small ‘insects andshells |... Pe Ba Cle Oz Pill boxes for ditto pa ... 9, 4/- gross. Flax.. wh.) OG, perlb Cotton Ww adding, per sheet... », 6d. Fishing rods with accessories ,, 2/- Diedwe for collecting shells,&c. ,, 40/- Taxidermist’s case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives 1, Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Hammer, 1 pair of Forceps 1 Brush, 3 Gimlets,. etc., complete ; . from 12/- to 40/- Shell- are with handle from 1/- All other utensils for Naturalists can be had at a short notice, by ordering at the NATURALISTS’ AGENCY. STANDS, NEW STYLE. No. 1. for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s per hundred. AR VELL birds up to Tanagers RS teAS ., 3. ;, Tanagers up to Magpies... oe ba ae 3 288 + 4. ,, Magpi-s up to Crows or * Small Hawks ss ise ANUS > 828 s 9. ,, Small Hawksto Large Hawks and Qwlis .. za qe: 5» 40S - ARTIFICIAL EYES. Black Coloured Cornered Era d per gross, per doz. pairs per doz. pairs No. 1 to 4 6d 1s 64 No. 4 to 6 8s 6d 4s 6d Geta Boas 8d 2s 64 lial SCA 5s Cd 6s 0d if is, OW AS 0d 4s 0d. iS 9 6s 0d 8s 0d rs 11 2s 0d Fs 6d A 10 7s 0d 9s 0d. Be 12 2s 3d 7s 0d à It 8s 0d 10s 0d 3 13 2s 6d 10s 0d & 12 9s 0d lls 0d doz. of pairs 5 14 2s 0d 1s 60 is 13 10s 0d 13s 0d La 15 3s 6d 2s 6d à. 14 11s Od 13s 0d i ‘6 4s 0d 2s 6d FA 14 13s 0d 15s 0d ys 17 8s Od 8s Od Larger sizes can be made ae 18 12s 0d 4s 0d to order. No. l'to 4 are good for humming birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No.5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, &c. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls Herons, &c. Ethnological Specimens and Curios from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New Guinea, Mexico, Central America, &c., &c., at very reasonable prices. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. years work, . Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Carabas from Chili. 5s. each. In the most perfect condition. 2,000 varieties. Fifty 23 specimens at: \ BOUCARD, POTTIER & Ch. 228, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND. Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co., offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skele- tons, ee and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers ; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit; Crustaceæ and Arachnid in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins ~ for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and anised:: Curie of all sorts; Pictures and Works of Art, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without line Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs \- in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. \ IN STOCK. About 6,000 species of Birds, 30,000% species of Coleoptera and ‘Lepidoptera, Mammal Skins, from New Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc.; Land, Freshwater, and Marine Shells, a large number of species; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit; Crustaceæ, dried and in spirit ; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., ete. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED WEEKLY FROM ALL PARTS : UF THE WORLD. = FOR SALE. A very fime collection of Shells, especially rich in Lanp te and con- taining many Types and new species, about 40,000 specimens. For Price, etc., apply at 225, Hicx Horsorn, Lonpon, W. C. POSTAGE STAMES. FOR SALÆF, À large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For Prices, &c., apply to Naturatsss’ Acency, 225, Hien Horporn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. f; Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, paca Colonials and — old German States. Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes. VE Old unused Englisk and Colonials. Old works on Stamps. | Proofs of Stamps, etc., etc. Che Summing Rird. SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. Te American Pearls, Pearls are found all over America; but actually, the only fisheries carried on successfully, are on the Pacific Coast, between Mazatlan and Tehuantepec, Mexico. In former times, many fine pearls were found at Panama, but the fisheries are entirely abandoned now. Occasionally some fine pink pearls are found on the Atlantic Coast, between Florida and Trinidad; but these are produced by the large well known shell, Stvombus gigas, a very common species on the Atlantic Coast of America. In Vera Cruz, Mexico, they are abundant, and are sold in the market for eating purposes. When living there, I bought some several times, and I tasted them, but I cannot say that they were to my taste. Either we did not know how to cook them or they were very old; but what I can say is that they were very tough. I have only once seen a pearl found in these shells; but I have heard that in the West Indies they are often _ brought for sale by fishermen who make their business of fishing these shells. The pearls are usually pink and are much valued by jewellers. In Bahamas, these shells are very abundant. As many as 500,000 have been exported to England in one year. The layers composing the shell being of different colors, it is extensively used in carving cameos. It is also ground to powder for the manufacture ot the finer kinds of porcelain. According to my experience, pearls exist more or less in all the species of Strombus and other allied genera, as in all species of Oysters, Anodontes, Unios, and even in Mussels; but itis in oysters that they are more abundant. The American pearls sent to the United States and European markets are the produce of Ostrea macros- chisma Desh, a very common species on the Pacific Coast in Mexico. When living there, some thirty years ago, I met “with fishermen who made their business of fishing for pearls. The divers gathered the oysters at the bottom of the sea with their hands, and after each dive generally brought one lump of shells in each hand. Two minutes (2 34 The Humming Bird. was considered as the longest time that they could remain under water ; but they did not require even so much, the shells being plentiful. Two or three divers were on each boat and it was not an easy task for them to gather enough to fill the boat. Some banks are deep, some are not, and these last are the ones which were explored in my time. The shells were brought on land and left there to die. After that they were minutely examined for the pearls. The large ones are rather scarce and fetch a good price ; but the bulk of them were what they cali in the country Mostacilla, scarcely larger than very small shot. These are sold at about threepence each. It is not so much the size, but the freshness and their beautiful orient which make their value. The roundest are the more valuable. A fine pearl, quite round, the size of an English pea, is worth between fifty and one hundred pounds sterling. On the Pacific Coast, I met on the beach several large heaps of empty oyster shells left there by the fishermen, who did not put any value on them; but there is a good market for them in Europe and North America. It is with these shells that many industrial objects are manufactured, the principal being pearl buttons. I am certain that the establishment of good pearl fisheries on the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of America would pay well. A. BOUCARD. Fish from Volcanoes. Attention has recently been called to the fact that the volcanoes of the Andes eject large quantities of fish from the craters in the first stage of an eruption. ‘The Indians hold that many of these fishes are alive when they are found on the sides of the mountain, and it is certain that few are either boiled or mutilated. The explanation is that, during the long period of quiescence, extending even to a century, the crater becomes choked up and turned into the bed of a lake, with subterranean channels to other crater lakes, from which the spawn probably comes. ‘The fishes are generally blind, showing that they are of an underground variety. A very Large Tree. A very large tree, one of the largest in California, the country of big trees, was discovered near Arlington, Shohomish county, a few days ago. It is a cedar and measures 68 feet in circumference. Around the knotty roots the tree measures 99 feet. About 75 feet from the ground it forks into four immense branches, and just below the The Humming Bird. 35 forks is a big knot hole. Five men climbed into the hole and explored the interior of the tree. It was found to be a mere shell, and about 45 feet down it would afford standing room for 40 men. The tree is still green, and a remarkable feature is said to be that it is barked on the inside and outside alike. Crile AGG EXPOSITION: World’s Fair Notes. A California “big tree’? has been selected in Tulare county to be shown at the Exposition. A committee of the Board of Trade, after an extended tour of inspection, picked out a tree measuring 87 feet g inches in circumference at the base, 85 feet five feet above the ground, and 65 feet at a height of 16 feet. Denmark has made a World’s Fair appropriation of $67,000. A communication has been received from the British Commission asking for space to exhibit the rifle calibre guns manufactured by the Maxim-Nordenfeldt Gun Com- pany. The company wants to erect a building 30 x 15 feet to exhibit its guns in practice. One end of the building will be filled with sand bags, into which the projectiles of the guns will be fired. It is claimed that the arrangements are such as will insure perfect safety, and will be repro- ductions of a similar exhibit recently given at the Royal Naval Exposition in London. The request was referred to Chief Willard Smith of the Transportation Department, as the exhibit if allowed will come under the head of naval and marine display. A very complete, and doubtless an eye-opening diamond exhibit, will be made by Cape Colony, South Africa. The exhibit will include 10,000 carats of uncut stones, a large quantity of very fine cut and polished ones, together with all that is necessary to show the process of mining and washing. For this it will be necessary to transport to Chicago 100 tons of pulverized blue earth, 50 tons of unpulverized earth, and a complete washing machine, which will be operated by natives. The exhibit will also include a unique collection of crocidolite, special diamondiferous products, ostrich feathers, fleeces, etc. It is reported that a Bushman and Hottentot in native dress will accompany the exhibit. A continuous clam-bake will be one of the attractions | which epicurean visitors will find at the Exposition. 36 The Humming Bird. THAT WONDERFUL LAST NAIL. Mrs. Potter Palmer will put the finishing touch on the Woman’s Building with hammer and spike of costly make. Mrs. Potter Palmer, President of the Board of Lady Managers of the Exposition, as already announced, will drive the last nail used in completion of the Woman’s Building. This nail will be furnished by the women of Montana, and will be a very wonderful one, as is indicated by this description of it given by the Helena, Montana, Independent :— The nail has been so made as to form the back or cross bar of a brooch, which is to be a shield bearing the coat of arms of Montana reproduced in native gold without a trace of alloy in its composition. The shield will be of gold, and the symbolical figures will be made of the same metal but of different colors. The waterfall in the foreground will be of light colored gold sunk into the shield, and the plow and pick, standing at the foot of the falls, will be of a darker shade, as will be the background or relief. The wreath surrounding the escutcheon will be of native gold, and the figures of the two men supporting the whole on either side will also be of the same rich, yellow gold. Underneath will be the scroll, bearing the motto of the state, ‘ Oro y Plata.” In the two upper portions of the wreath two Montana sapphires will be inserted. Instead of merely engraving the figures, each will be wrought separately and then fastened together, making the task of shaping the brooch not only a delicate, but exceedingly difficult one, and one that will require much skill and patience. To Mrs. J. E. Rickards, of Butte, belongs the credit of the happy idea of making the last nail, one of such interest. In design, the nail, which is being made by a Butte jeweller, will be the counterpart of an ordinary twelve-penny nail and will be composed of three strips with silver in the centre and the gold and copper on either side. The nail and brooch are distinct articles and after the former has been driven, it will be drawn from the wood, fastened to the brooch and the whole presented to Mrs. Palmer. The women of Nebraska have undertaken to furnish the hammer with which this ‘‘last nail” will be driven. A description of the hammer has not yet been given, but it is the intention to make it worthy of the aristocratic nail with which it will be brought in contact by Mrs. Palmer. It has been suggested that it be made of native Nebraska woods, inlaid with gold, silver, and pearl. The Humming Bird. 87 The World’s Fair committee of the North American Turner Bund has made a personal application to Director General Davis for space for a display of gymnastic apparatus, literature on the subject of physical exercise and develop- ment, and representations of gymnastic organizations, as well as for outdoor gymnastic exhibitions, which the Turners desire to give eight days in each month during the Exposition. Pope Leo XIII. has written a letter strongly commending the Exposition, which it is believed will have a most favorable effect in stimulating interest in the Fair on the part of all Catholic countries and communities. More than 180 exhibitors are chronicled from Philadelphia alone. The ‘ San Francisco Women’s California Book Exhibit for the World’s Fair,” is the name of a society recently organized in San Francisco. The object of the society is to collect a complete library of books by Californian writers, files of papers, scrap-books, scattered papers and sketches worthy of preservation. These will be taken to Chicago and exhibited during the Fair. After the Exposition the collection will be given to the Golden Gate Park Museum. The Board of Lady Managers is making arrangements for an extensive exhibit showing woman’s share in the illustration of books, in engravings and other forms of picture production. During her recent visit to New York, Mrs. Palmer consulted with a number of publishers and received considerable assistance from them. A list of dis- tinguished women illustrators was secured and plans set on foot to obtain old volumes and manuscripts illustrated by women, together with historical data concerning woman’s share in this line of work from ancient times down to the present. The New York Assembly has voted permission for the raising of one or two old sunken vessels in Lake George for the purpose of sending them as relics to the Fair. Saginaw, Mich., noted as a salt producing city, is con- structing in miniature a complete salt plant for exhibition at the World’s Fair. The cottage in which George Fox, the founder of the Society of Friends or Quakers, was born in Leicester- shire, England, is being taken down to be re-erected in Chicago. La The ‘wooded island” in the Exposition grounds is 38 The Humming Bira. beginning to assume the character which in great part it will have during the Fair—that of a gigantic flower garden. Already the Floricultural Department has received 27,000 rose bushes and other plants, several thousands of which came from abroad. These are being transplanted on the island. New York has made a World’s Fair appropriation of $300,000. Dr. Bertolette, Commissioner to the La Platte Republics, has informed the Latin-American Department that he is endeavouring to secure for the Exposition a colony of lace makers and gold and silver workers from Paraguay. These people are ingenious, their product being equal to that of the Brussels working women, and the fact that they use vegetable fibre exclusively makes their work of even greater value and interest. It has been planned by the Latin- American Department to have a group of these lace-makers on the Exposition grounds; also a group of workers in gold and filigree. The Great Western Railway of England will exhibit in the Transportation Building the famous old locomotive, ‘The Lord of the Isles,” which was built at the Company’s works in Swindon in 1851, from designs of the late Sir Daniel Gooch. This locomotive was a notable exhibit at the first World’s Fair in London in 1851. From that time until July, 1881, it was continually in service, and ran during that period a distance of 789,300 miles without being fitted with a new boiler. As a pioneer of early railroading, and as a contrast to the powerful ‘‘ Mogul’; this old loco- motive will attract much attention. The Washington State World’s Fair Building will be constructed in sections at Tacoma and sent to Chicago next September. A number of owners of steam yachts in New York intend to utilize them to transport themselves and their friends to the Exposition by way of the St. Lawrence and Welland Canal. They believe it will be of great advantage to live aboard their yachts, and thus be independent of crowded hotels. It is reported that the owners of many steam barges in Canada will fit them with comfortable living quarters, and carry Canadian visitors to and from the Fair. A 100-year-old bearing orange tree, from San Gabriel, is one of the exhibits announced from California. Ostrich eggs, artistically painted in a prize compétition, are to be a feature in the exhibit made by Cape Colony, South Africa. The main Exposition buildings require for their orna- The Humming Bird. 39 mentation 160,678 separate pieces of staff work. Of these, 108,000 have been cast and more than 59,000 have been put in place on the buildings. Italian Commissioner Alexander Del Nero writes from Rome to the effect that there will be a fine exhibit of the mosaics, tapestries, Columbian relics, and other treasures of the Vatican which have never yet been on exhibition. He further reports that the Ethnographic Museum of Rome will probably ‘loan many Columbian antiquities to the Exposition. R. S. Moore, of Newburn, N. C., claims to have frag- ments of the chain which restrained Columbus when he was in prison, and he intends to exhibit them at the Fair. J. C. Calhoun, of New York, says he has pieces of the house in San Domingo in which Columbus was imprisoned, and he has a similar desire. A CURIOUS RAT-CATCHER. In certain parts of Brazil, where the climate is intensely hot, and where rats are a great nuisance, the common cat does not thrive, but is replaced by a domestic rat-catcher, whose presence causes a decidedly unpleasant sensation to visitors from abroad, when they first come in contaet with this creature. An Englishman who recently visited Brazil upon a business tour, and who spent a short time at the estate of a well-to-do Brazilian, writes this account of his observation of the Brazilian rat-catcher. On the morning after my arrival, in descending the stair- case from my room to go down to breakfast, I was frightened almost half to death at seeing an enormous snake curled up on the floor exactly at the foot of the stairs. The serpent was apparently asleep, but I was not at all sure that he might not be preparing to strike at me, so I ran back up the stairs with all the speed I could manage, and then proceeded to shout for help. In two minutes the hall was full of servants, all gazing at me in astonishment; and my host rushed out of his apartment. ‘ What is the matter?” he asked in his best English. ‘ Why,” said I, “look here! Look at that snake!” I pointed to the coiled-up monster at the foot of the Staircase, which now had lifted up its head a little, and was looking sleepily about it. The servants held their hands to their mouths, and my host laughed outright. ‘ Why,” said he, ‘‘that’s only Pedro; that’s our giboza.”’ 40 ; The Humming Bird. 6 Oh,” said I, gasping, ‘‘ I thought it was a great snake.” ‘6 It is a snake,” said my host, “but it is perfectly harmless, except to rats. You will not find a house in this part of Brazil without one. They keep the premises clear of rats. Pedro won’t hurt you.” ‘ But how am I going to get downstairs?” I asked, uneasily. ‘6 Oh, you can step over him.” I declined, however, to make this attempt; whereupon a servant came forward, and seizing the snake about the neck with both hands, dragged it out into the yard. I saw that the creature, as he was extended, was not less than four yards long and as thick as the arm of the negro who dragged him out. Before I left the place I found out a great deal about the giboias. ‘They are a species of small boa-constrictor, and are employed very generally in Brazil to catch rats. They are inoffensive, apparently not at all venomous, and in their domesticated condition perfectly tame. In {his habits Pedro was a good example of his race, though he was of considerably larger size than the average. All day long he slept somewhere in the house, generally at the foot of the stairs. But when evening approached he began to wake up, and after nightfall he glided swiftly about the premises looking for rats. He even had holes which enabled him to get between the floors and ceilings, and into the space within the parti- tions. Whenever he found a rat he pounced upon him, wrapped him in his folds, and carried him out of the house, leaving him dead. The servants told me that the backbone of every rat he caught was broken in at least a dozen places. As to me, I preferred the rats to the snake, and took good care that my chamber-door was shut at night, and that there were no holes left open in the ceiling or the floor from which Pedro might emerge into my apartment. He never seemed to eat the rats; indeed, I never saw him eat anything at all. The negroes said he killed the the rats for the fun of it. I afterwards saw the giboias for sale in the markets of Pernambuco and Bahia at prices rang'ng from four to ten shillings. I was told that they easily become domesticated to such an extent that if they are removed from one house to another they invariably return to the house from which they have been taken. In the country, therefore, the rat-snake goes with the house, and if you have occasion to purchase or hire a residence, the proprietor will brag about the virtues and skill of the gzboia. Naturalists’ Agency, 226, High Holborn, London, W.C. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, &c., &c. Bicarbolie Acid... x .. quart, 2/- Steel Pinsforsetting butterflies ,, 4/- per 1000 Rectified Benzoline ... ec 2/- Setting Boards ... 1/- to 3/- each Boucard’s Insecticide .. LS DEN AE Butterfly Nets complete © from 1/6 to 5/- Ammonia 4/- Sweeping and Water Nets ue Collecting corked Box — from 1/- to 5/- each Cork in Sheets ... 2 >» 9/- doz. Pocket corked box... . froml/-- : Magnifying Glasses … » l/-to5/ Corked Box fer Museums ... 24/- doz. Hammers... ani FE », 1/6 to 5/- es , and glazed, splendld Naphthaline DE ao >> 4/-per lb. make.. 86/- 55 Botanical Grey paper .. », 6/-ream, Lar ger sizes can be supplied. Folding Umbrella for collecting g Botanical box... ... from 2/6 to 6/- each Insects ,; 10/- Pin box, for 12 grosses of different Steel Perforator for “making sizes, “A 1/6 holes in eggs a: 1 af Pin box, with 1,000 pins À 3/- Cutting pliers … ut $s 2]- Sea compass . from 2/- to 50/- Flat.. ae ee yee 5» —/- Collecting bottles with large opening Arsenical Soap »- 2/ per Ib. from 6d. Glass Tubes for ‘small insec ts Boucard’s tin colecting box with and shells LR ad sees I OZ: two peebians. xs cs : 2/- Pill boxes for ditto suis IN Panes Gs 2 Af SLOSS: Straight Scissors.. mae ... from 2/- Flax:. Le j 1, “6d:perlb. Curyed 53 as Sat Fs Nels Cotton w adding, per sheet ... 0: Taxirdermist kniy es mA set to Fishing rods with ‘accessories ce Ds Long Forceps ©... 2 BOO bg o_O . Dredge for collecting shells,&c..,, 40/- Small ,, ake PER ee ys Tazidermist’s case, containing Insects’ Nippers. as RTS Pp Ad | 1 Pair of Scissors,2 Knives Sieve po Ne ge Of 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, Blowpipe for cleaning ges SR Ed : 1 Hammer, 1 pair of Forceps Digger —.. $55 : 5: 39 2/2 & 4/- 1 Brush, 3 Gimlets, etc., Folding ditto gat 0) complete Fis ... from 12/- to 40/- Insect Pins, En glish, French or ~ Shell-emptying with handle from 1/- German- … . from 1/6 per 1000 All other utensils for Naturalists can be had at a short notice, by ordering at the NATURALISTS’ AGENCY. STANDS, NEW STYLE. No. 1. for Humming birds and Small birds 22 ay : aes at 20s per hundred. 5 2: 5, Small birds up toTanagers. ... ik Bee oh = eer + 3. 5, Tanagers up to Magpies... ees 2 y En AS, Magpi: s up to Crows or Small Hawks + 5 ee SG OLS » 2. 3, Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls... as Es 5». 40s ARTIFICIAL EYES. Cornered Black _ ; Coloured Cornered Si d-Vaincd per gross. per doz. pairs per doz. pairs No. 1 to.4: "64 ; 7 ls 6d No. 4to 6 3s 6d 4s 6d SUR eS 8d 2s 6d ay oP: 5s 0d - 6s 0d = 9 3, 10 ¥s- Od 4s 0d. = 9 6s 0d &s 0d Sate: à 2s 0d 5s 6d Sy gh 7s 0d 9s Od a 12 2s 3d é 7s 0d “A 11 8s 0d 10s 0d = 13 2s 64 10s 0d ces 12 9s 0d lls 0d doz. of pairs ; 93 14 8s 0d 1s 6d sf 13 10s 0d 13s 0d. ge 15 3s 6d 2s 6d = 14 lls 0d 13s 0d fo 24 G 4s 0d 2s 6d peg AG 13s 0d = 15s 0d = 17 8s 0d 3s 0d Larger sizes can be made he 18 12s 0d 4s 0d to order. No. 1 to4 are good for humming birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, &c. No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls Herons, &c. Ethno’ogical Specimens and Curios from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New Guinea, Mexico, Central America, &c., &c., at very reasonable prices. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. É wear ES species of Carabas from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23 specimens af B. each. TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight, SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN REMO, The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. 1° VILLA MARIA LUIGIA. A charming residence, standing in its own grounds, situated Corso LEvVANTE on one side and the Bracu on the other, at about 15 minutes walk from the centre of the town and 20 from the station. Splendid view in all directions, © beautiful gardens of about 2,000 métres, in which a large space has been laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games. Carriage and private entrances. Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, Sc. Excellent Water. Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay windows opening on. the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c. First Floor.—Five large and fine rooms, three full south, two on the north | side, all of them communicating. Magnificent for Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room. Second Floor. — Seven large rooms, four full south, one of them with dressing- room, three fine rooms on the north side. Cloak Room. Corridor in the middle.. Size a Villa: length 18 métres, width 10 métres. Prier el ake as EA francs 60,000 20 VILLAS RONDO 95, 97, CORSO GARIBALDI. ‘evo semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own grounds of 1,000 mètres, situated on the ‘Corso GARABALDI, (the most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk from the central part of the town and 16 of the station. No. 25.—G round Floor.—Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office, and Cellar: First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms. No. 27.—Exactly the same, with Underground floor containing kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens. Price for the two villas she ate aiff francs 45,000 Separately—No. 25 ff ise francs 25,000 No. 27 ue francs 80,000 3° A PIECE OF LAND ABOUT 350 METRES. Full south, on the Corso Muzzociorno, two minutes from the station and the port, in the central part of the town. Splendid position. Price ah ve an aie à francs 15,000 For further saforinlakions apply to— A. BOUCARD, 220, High Holborn, London, W.C. Two of the Villas, the smallest and the largest, are actually let Unfurnished for several years at 3,600 francs yearly ; but they would fetch more if Proprietor: was not abroad. It is expected that, if properly attended, an Income. between £200 and £300 yearly could be secured, and more if let furnished. London; CHAS. STRAKER & Sons, Bishopsgate Avenue, E.C. x Vor. IL, No. 6.] JUNE, 1892. [PRICE SIXPENCE, Che Humming Bird A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW A. BOW CARD. Annual Subscription : United Kingdom, Europe, N. America, & Canada, 5 shillings. Mexico, Central and South America, and West Indies, 6 shillings. All other countries, 7 shillings. Back Numbers, One Shilling. Vol. I. complete, Ten Shillings. Only a few copies to dispose of. - SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. Whole Page, £2. Half-Page, £1 2s. Quartez-Page, 13s. Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to five lines, and 6d. per line extra. Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contract. [Published by A. Boucarp, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Go. Maturalists and feather SMecehants, 95, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, We, ENGLAND. Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co., offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skele- tons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; ; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crustacéæ and Arachnide in spirit ; Ethnological collections from all parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts; Pictures and Works of Art, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. IN STOCK. About 6,000 species of Birds, 30,000 species of Colcoptera and Lepidoptera, Mammal Skins, from New Guinea, West Africa, Soutk America, etc. ; Land, Freshwater, and Marine Shells, a large number of species; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crustacez, dried and in spirit ; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED WEEKLY FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. FOR SALE. A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich in Lanp SKHELLSs, and con- taining many Types and new species, about 40,000 specimens. For Price, etc., apply at 225, HicH Horsorx, Lonpon, W. C. POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE, A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For Prices, &c., apply to Narurauists’ AcENcy, 225, H1cH Horzorn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. ; Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German States. Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes. Old unused English and Colonials. Old works on Stamps. Proofs of Stamps, etc., etc. = Ghe Humming Bird. List of birds collected by M. Hardy at Porto Real, Brazil, with description of one supposed new species, by M. M. Boucard and Count Berlepsch. A small collection of birds having been received from Porto Real, ‘‘ Brazil,” we thought that the publication of a list of the species collected by Mr. Hardy in that country would be of interest to Ornithologists. Porto Real is situated at about 80 miles from Rio Janeiro, in the interior. It is surrounded by hills and is well watered. The ornitho- logical fauna resembles very much that of Rio Janeiro and Bahia. It seems to be the exact habitat of the rare Gallinago gigantea. Only one new species was sent, Formicivora stictocorypha, but it is very likely that if Mr. Hardy continues his explorations in that country he will be rewarded by the discovery of some new and interest- ing species. Orpo RALLI, Boucard 1876. Family GALLINULIDAE, Blas. 1. Jonornis martinica, Linné. One young specimen of this common species. Orpo COLUMBAH, Lath 1790. Family Cotumpipar, Leach 1825. 2. Columba rufina, Tem. 3. Chaemepelia talpacoti, Tem. Two specimens of this lovely species. 4. Engyptila chalcauthenia, Sclat and Salv. One specimen of this rare species. Orpo LIMICOLAE. £ Family Scoropacrpar, Vig 1825. 5. Gallinago gigantea, Tem. Four specimens of this exceedingly rare species. 42 Io. Il. 12. 13: 14. 15. 10! 17e 18. 19. The Humming Brra. Orpo HERODIONES. Family TANTALIDAE, Bp. 1831. Molybdophanes coerulescens, V. Orpo ACCIPITRES. Family FALCONIDAE, Leach 1825. Elanus leucurus, Vieill. Orpo STRIGES. Family BuBonIDAr, Sharpe 1874. Scops brasilianus, Briss. Syrnium suinda, Vieill. One specimen of this rare species. . Orpo PSITTACI. Family PSsiTTAcIDAE, Leach. Psittacula vivida, Ridgw. Two specimens of this rare species. Ordo COCCYGES. Sub Ordo CoccyGEs ZYGODACTYLAE. Family OucuzipAr, Leach 1829. Crotophaga ani L. : Piaya pallescens, Cab and Heine. Orpdo PICI. Family Pictpaz, Leach 1825. Picumnus cirrhatus, Tem. Several specimens of both sexes. Dendrobates maculifrons, Spix. Several specimens of this rare species. Melanerpes flavifrons, Vieill. Colaptes campestris, Vieill. Orpo PASSERES. Sub Ordo Oscines. Sect OSCINES DENTIROSTRES Family Turpipar, G. R. Gr. 1860. Turdus rufiventris, Vieill. Turdus flavipes, Vieill. Turdus amauro-chalinus, Cab. The Humming Bird. 43 20. Turdus albiventris, Spix. Female :— Upperside olive-brown. Underside rufous- brown passing to grayish-brown on the abdomen, and pure white on anal region, chin paler-brown streaked with dark-brown. Under wing-coverts pale-chestnut, inner margin of quills glossy pale-brown. Wings brownish-black with the margins olive-brown. Feet yellow. Family TroëropyripAE, Sclat 1862. 21, TZhryophilus longirostris, Vieill. Family CoEREBIDAE, Bp. 1849. 22. Dacnis cyanomelas, Gmelin. OSCINES CoNIROSTRES Cuv. Family TANAGRIDAE, Boié 1826. 23. Procnias tersa, L. 24. ÆEuphonia chlorotica, L 25. Luphonia pectoralis, Lath. 26, Pipridea melanonota, Vieill. Calliste tricolor, Gmel. 27: À Calliste seledon, Muli. 28. Tanagra palmarum, Wied. 29. TZanagra sayaca, L. 30. Tanagra ornata, Sparm. 31. Ramphocoelus brasilius, L. 32. Tachyphonus cristatus, Gmel. 33. Tachyphonus coronatus, Vieill. Several specimens of both sexes. 34. Nemosia melanoxantha, Licht. 35. Sattator pallidiventris, Berlepsch. Several specimens of this rare species. Family FRINGILLIDAE, Sw. 1831. 36. Emberizoides herbicola, Vieill. 37. Ammadromus manimbe, Licht. 44 49. Lo: The Humming Bird. OscinES CULTRIROSTRES, OCuv. Family IctERIDAE, Cab 1847. Molothrus bonariensis, Gmel. Aphobus chopi, Vieill. SUB ORDO TRACHEOPHONAE. Family DENDROCOLAPTIDAE, Selys 1842. Synnalaxis cinnamomea, Gmel. Anabatoides fuscus, Vieill. Dendrocincla turdina, Licht. Dendrocolaptes picumnus, Licht. Atphorhynchus procurvus, ‘Tem. Family ForMIcaRIDAE, Sclat 1858. Thamnophilus guttatus, Vieill. Thamnophilus naevius, Gmel. Thamnophilus ruficapillus, Vieill. Formicivora stictocorypha, n.sp. Closely allied to F. squamata, from which species it differs in having the head black, spotted all over with white ; underneath, the lower part of abdomen and anal region are grayish-black, without any white as in F. squamata. Bill and feet black. Total length, 5 in. Wing, 21: Tail, 22 Culmen, + 1 Zperof species, in Museum Boucard, Pyriglena leucoptera, Vieill. Myrmeciza loricata, Licht. Sus Orpo OLIGOMYODAE. Family TYRANNIDAE, Cab. 1850. Taenioptera nengeta, L. Sisopygis icterophrys, Vieill. Copurus colonus, Vieill. Platyrhynchus mystaceus, Vieill. Serphophaga subcristata, Vieill. Phyllomyas brevirostris, Spix. Elainea pagana, Licht. Myozetetes similis, Spix. Pitangus sulphuratus, L. Pitangus maximiliani, Heine. Myodynastes solitarius, Vieill. The Humming Bird. 45 62. Megarhynchus pitangua, L. 63. Empidochanes fringillaris, Pelz. 64. : Myarchus ferox, Gmel. 65. Empidonomus varius, Vieill. 66. Tyrannus melancholicus, Vieill. Family CoTINGIDAE, Bp. 1849. 67. Phibalura flavirostris, Vieill. Two specimens, male and female. Female :—Head grayish-brown with a black streak in the centre of each feather, centre of head greenish. Wings black, edged with green, wing-coverts olive-green. Chin yellow, minutely spotted with black. Lower part of breast, abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts white at base of feathers, then crossed with black and edged with greenish-yellow. “Rest like the male. 68. Illicura militaris, Shaw. Sg. Chiroxyphia caudata, Shaw. Two specimens, male and female. 70. Chiromachaeris gutturosa, Desm. Orpo TROCHILI, Boucard 1876. Family TrocaizipAE, Vig. 1826. . 71. Grypus noevius, Dum. 72. Clytolaema rubinea, Gould. 73. Chrysolampis moschitus, L. 74. Lepidolarynx mesoleweus, Tem. Description of a supposed new species of the Genus Manticora ‘‘ Cicindelidae,”’ from Damara Land, South Africa, by A. Boucard. In the collection of Cicindelidae of the late Mr. Ferdinand Grut, of which I have acquired the greater part, I have found a remarkable species of Manticora labelled Manticora, n.sp. Having studied carefully this insect, I have come to the same conclusion as the late Mr. Grut, that it is undescribed, and I have a great pleasure to dedicate this fine species to the memory of this most esteemable Entomologist. Manticora gruti, n.sp. Habitat.—Damara Land, South Africa. 46 The Humming Bira. Male.—Head, thorax and elytrae smooth and black, shining most brillantly, somewhat like M. latipennis, Waterhouse, but it is easily distinguishable from that species by its smaller size, anda by the absence of granula- tions on the elytrae, which, excepting their extremities, are only faintly striated, the upper parts of the elytrae are acutely pointed, and terminates with a hook turned down- wards. A little lower down, there is another hook directed also downwards, followed by three more, but less apparent. Lower down can be seen, for all the length of the external margin, another feeble tinge of these hooks, having the appearance of a deep punctuation. The extremities of the elytrae are deeply granulated, and covered with long black bristly hairs above, and on the margins. These bristly hairs are also apparent on the margins of head, and on all the legs where they are abundant and conspicuous. It is smaller than M. latipennis, scarcely larger than JZ. tuber- culata, with the elytrae wider than in the last species. Length 13 in. Largest width of elytrae £, CHICAGO” EXPOSDIION: World’s Fair Notes. Applications for space in the Exposition buildings now ageregate more than 4,000,000 square feet, a little over one-third being from foreign applicants. Great Britain has added £35,000 to its World’s Fair appropriation, making it now £60,000 or approximately $300,000. Victoria, Australia, has made a World’s Fair appro- priation of $100,000. Arguments for and against Sunday opening of the Exposition will be heard by the National Commission on October 6. A young lad, son of the editor of the Florida Standard, is making, for exhibition at the Fair, a table upon which appears an inlaid map of the state, each county being accurately represented by a separate piece of native Florida wood. In the California building will be shown a growing specimen of every California domestic flower obtainable, and also paintings, in water and oil, of 600 wild flowers and grasses. In the Government exhibit will appear all the relics, which are obtainable, of various Arctic exploring expedi- tions. The Humming Bira. 47 The American Bible Society will make an exhibit in which will appear copies of Bibles in more than 200 different languages. The French Chamber of Deputies approved by a unanimous vote the credit asked by the government to be expended for the French exhibit at the Exposition. The appropriation amounts to $675,500. Mexico’s exhibit will include a number of fine works of art. Casts are being made of the sacrificial stone, the God of War, the Goddess of Water, the Calendar Stone and other Aztec relics, now in the Mexican National Museum. From the National Art Gallery, which has a very large collection of paintings, a number of the best works will be sent to Chicago. Amongthem will be the representation of Hidalgo, the “ George Washington of Mexico,” which was exhibited at the Paris Exposition. The number of men working on the Exposition buildings is now more than 6,000. On some of the buildings work is proceeding day and night. Prince George of Wales, who if he lives will some day be king of England, will visit the Exposition, a cablegram from London announces. In the Michigan exhibit will be a representation in wax of 500 specimens of fruit which grow in the state. It will be prepared by a Kalamazoo woman. E. S. Denison, of Alameda country, Cal., intends to send to the Exposition a pumpkin weighing 326 pounds, Ceylon will have at the Exposition several tea kiosks formed of native timber, including specimens of its exquisitely beautiful cabinet woods—ebony, satinwood, calamander, tamarind, nadun suriyamara, etc. Descrip- tions appearing in Ceylon papers indicate that these kiosks will be of most elaborate design and finish, and that the tea industry will spare neither pains nor expense in drawing the attention of visitors to the merits of the fine flavoured beverage. A complete collection of Ohio birds, oi every variety known to live within the boundaries of the state, will be an exhibit at the Exposition. The salt manufacturers’ association of Michigan has agreed to make the salt exhibit for the state, and will get up a display which, doubtless, will attract a great deal of attention. A Bay City man has madea life study of salt manufacturing, and has learned the methods practised in all ages for making salt. It is the intention to have him 48 The Humming Bira. make models of all salt manufacturing apparatus used from the earliest days down to the present time, from the most primitive to the modern salt blocks, and in connection with the models, show all the processes now practised in producing salt. The association will, of course, show a full line of salt. The upper Michigan peninsula has applied for 20,000 square feet of space, and will fill it with mineral and timber products. It is proposed to show several cords of natural copper as it comes out of the mine, and also the various sorts of iron. A complete working model of a mine with reduction works is also promised. In the state build- ing will probably be a mantel of rough beaten native copper and also a pillar of the same material, and the copper ore will be so chosen as to show the native silver that is often found with the copper. The exhibit of the harness-makers, which is in charge of the Wholesale Saddlery Association, will include not onlya — trade exhibit, embracing specimens of the finest work, but also a collection of harness, trappings and cognate things, showing the evolution of the harness industry from early times to the present. The sum of $35,000 will be expended on this latter feature. In the collection will be a saddle used by Napoleon Bonaparte. President Nunez of Columbia, it is announced, has declared his intention of being present at the ceremonies dedicatory of the Exposition buildings next October. Sir Julian Paunceforte, British Minister at Washington, will be present to represent Great Britain. Tree trunks for the colonnades of the Forestry Building have been received from Wisconsin, Montana, West Virginia, California, Indiana, Ohio, Delaware, New Mexico, North Carolina and Connecticut. Thirty of the states will make contributions of this character. Lieut. Baker, recently Special Exposition Commissioner to Mexico, estimates that fully 10,000 Mexicans will attend the Fair. Throughout Mexico there is a great enthusiasm over the Exposition, and extensive preparations are being made to have that southern republic represented by a splended exhibit. Of the 75,560,000 feet of lumber required for the Exposi- tion buildings, docks and electric subways, 54,875,800 have been placed. Ofiron and steel 39,490,900 pounds, or nearly 20,000 tons, are required. Of this nearly half is in place, jah the remainder will all be in position before the first of une. Naturalists’ Agency, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, &c., &c. Bicarbolie Acid... EX quart 2/- Rectified Benzoline ... aris 2/- Boucard’s Insecticide -. Ae ID, 47 Ammonia 4/- from 1/- to 5/- each from 1/- 24/- doz. Collecting corked Box Pocket corked box Corked Box for Museums .. Ns ,, and glazed, splendld make... 6/- 55 Larger sizes can be supplied. Botanical box from 2/6 to 6/- each Pin box, for 12 grosses of different sizes. sO Pin box, with 1 ,000 pins Ane 3/- Sea compass . from 2/- to 50/;- Collecting bottles with large opening from 6d. Boucard’s tin collecting box with two A we ae 2/- Straight Scissors.. from 2/- Curved Re A M APTE Taxirdermist knives ne se 01/0 pose Forceps... oe CAS en CN dys Insects Nippers... 2} Sa Ria we) Sieve A RU en Blowpipe for cleaning ges 55 2/- Digger … Ae ere yom: Ue Folding ditto ... 5, 6/- Insect Pins, English, French or German a ... from 1/6 per 1000 Steel Pinsfor setting butterflies ,, 4/- per 1000 Setting Boards ... À 1/- to 3/- each Butterfly Nets complete | from 1/6 to 5/- Sweeping and Water Nets 5» 2/6 Cork in Sheets ve », 9/- doz Magnifying Glasses... » I/- tod- Hammers .. Le wh » 1/6 to 5/- Naphthaline Es ey, », 4/-perlb. Botanical Grey paper ... », 6/-ream Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects 5» 10/- Steel Perforator for ‘making holes in eggs od PAM VE Cate pliers ... See S22 Fla Fe Le PES 1 sea Soap »» 2/ per lb Glass Tubes for small ‘insects and shells .…, ds Lge yp y= daz Pill boxes for ditto RE . 9, 4/- gross. Flax... pa .… 5, 6d.perlb Cotton wadding, per sheet Pan fates 510 Gi Fishing rods with accessories ,, 2/- Dredge for collecting shells,&c. ,, Taxidermist’s case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Hammer, l pair of Forceps 1 Brush, 3 Gimlets, etc., complete 55 from 12/- to 40/- Shell- RENE with handle from 1/- All other utensils for Naturalists can be had at a short notice, by ordering at the NATURALISTS’ AGENCY. STANDS, NEW STYLE. No. 1. for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s per hundred. 3» 2 5, Small birds up to Tanagers 55 248 » 93. ,, Tanagers up to Magpies... eee ou es 5 283 35 4. ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small Hawks ae aah De 5» 328 » 0. 5, Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls … As 44: 5» 40s ARTIFICIAL EYES. J Cornered Black Coloured. Cornered anav ea : per gross. : per doz. pairs per doz. pairs No. 1 to 4 6d 1s 6d No. 4 to 6 8s 6d 4s 6d {othe Sirsa 2s 6d an Tt St > BRO 6s 0d 39) 9 99 10» 1sk0d 4s 0d 1 9 6s Od 8s 0d cS 11 2s 0d Fs 6d oy 10 7s 0d 9s 0d a 12 2s 3d 7s 0d a Il 8s 0d 10s 0d RS 13 2s 6d 10s 0d 3 )2 9s Od lls 0d doz. of pairs Sg 14 2s 0d 1s 6d ap 13 10s 0d 18s 0d a eo 33 6d 2s 6d bla lis 0d « 13s 0d DA 16 4s Od 2s 6d ri, 14 18s 0d 15s 0d PAT 8s Od 3s 0d Larger sizes can be made » 18 12s 0d 4s 0d to order. No. 1 to 4 are good for humming birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, &c. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls Herons, &c. Ethnological Specimens and Curios from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New Guinea, Mexico, Central America, &c., years work. Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Carabas from Ohili. 58. each. In the most perfect condition. &c., at very reasonable prices. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty 23 specimens at TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight, — SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN REMO, The celebrated Winter Resort on-the Mic 40 Minutes from MONACO. 1° VILLA MARIA LUIGIA. A charming residence, standing in its own grounds, situated Corso LEVANTE on one side and the Bgacx on the other, at about 15 minutes walk from the centre of the town and 20 from the station. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful gardens of about 2,000 mètres, in which a large space has been laid ~ purposely for lawn tennis and other games. Carriage and private entrances. Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, 4e. Excellent Water. Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c. First Flovr.—Five large and fine rooms, three full south, two on the north side, all of them communicating. Magnificent for "Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room. -Second Floor.—Seven large rooms, four full south, one of them with dressing- room, three fine rooms on the north side, Cloak Room: Corridor i in the middle. Size of Villa: length 18 métres, width 10 métres. Price... ie Oe ree eee francs 60, 000 De VILLAS RONDO 20; AT. CORSO GARIBALDI.. Two -semi- -detached Villas, full south, standing in their own grounds of 1,000 mètres, ‘situated on the Corso GARABALDI, (the most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk from the central part of the town and 15 of the station. No. 25. ood Fiabr. “rhe fine rooms, Kitchen, Office, and Cellar. First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms. No. 27.—Exactly the same, with Underground floor containing kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens. ’ Price for the two villas ae iV, ms francs 45,000 Separately—No. 26 x ve francs 25,000 No. 27 : francs 30,000 3° A’ PIECE OF LAND ABOUT 000 METRES. Full south, on the Corso MezzoGrorNo, two minutes from the station and the port, in the central a of the town. Splendid position. Price Ess o 6 e francs 15,000 ‘or “Pinto ipbrdlonion apply to— A. BOUCARD, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. Two of the Villas, the smallest and the largest, are actually let Unfurnished for several years at 3,600 francs yearly ; but they would fetch more if Proprietor was not abroad. It is expected that, if properly attended, an Income between. £200 and £300 yearly could be secured, and more if let furnished. London: CHAS, STRAKER & Sons, Bishopsgate Avenue, E.C. | ayy 2 ay he Aumming Aird A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY A POUCARE = = vw | Annual Subscription : United Kingdom, Europe, N. America and Canada, 5 shillings. anes Mexico, Central and South America. and West Indies, 6 shillings. All other countries, 7 shillings. Back Numbers, One Shilling. — Vol. I, complete, Ten Shillings. Only a few copies to dispose of. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS Whole Page, 40s. Half-Page, 22s. Quarter-Page, 13s. - Lowest charge, 3s. 6d. up to five lines, and 6d. per line extra. e Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contract. Published by A. Boucarp, 225, High Holborn, London, W. CU BOUCARD, POTTIER oe co Maturalists and Seather Merchants, as, 225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W. C., ENGLAND Messrs BOUCARD, POTTIER, and Co, , cher to sell on commission all inde of objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Bird, Skins, Skele- - tons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, orin — - papers; Marine, Fresh Water and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit : Sos Crastaceæ and ‘Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from al! parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists : ; Mammal Skins for Furriers ; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists ; Rare old Stamps, used and unused; ‘Curious of all sorts ; Pictures and Works of ‘Arts, etc., etc., etc. — All possessors of such objects should not dispose. of them without consulting ; Messrs Boucard, Pottier et C°., whehaving a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very hest prices ror them. IN STOCK. About 6,090-species of Birds, 30,000 of species Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, e Mammal Skins, from New- Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc., Land, — Fresh Water, and Marine Shells, a large number of specis ; Reptiles and Fishes iu spirit; Crustaceæ, dried andin spirit; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, efc., etc. NEW CRÉECUONS ARE RECEIVED CONSTANTLY ROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. FOR SALE. _ | | A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich in Layo SHeLLs, and con- — taining many types and new species, about 40,000 ee mens. For Price, etc., - apply “at 225, HicH HoLBORN, LONDON, W. C. gre ee POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE. A ae variety of rare Stamps and New Issues Shige all parts of ‘the ‘World. = For Prices, etc. apply to NATURALISTS’ AGENCY, 225, Hicn TAN Era WANTED TO BUY. Te Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to 00 none have me -been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet a or envelope, especialy Colonials and old German States. Mulready Wrappers -and Envelopes; Old unused English and Colonials. Old Works on Ee ee Proofs of Stamps, ete., etc. TES ee TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED | For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight ges SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN-REMO —— The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. a Three Villas, known as Villa Maria Lure and Villas Rondo : the first Gna detached with a beautiful garden of 2,000 mètres; the last, semi detached- with front and back wardens. Villa Maria Luigia consists of three floors, with — ee fine rooms, offices, kitchen, etc. Teu of the roows are full south, facing the sea. es Villa Rondo n° 25, corso Garibaldi, consists of two floors, with nine rooms, Se kitchen, office and cellar. No 27 has two kitchens and two more rooms on 5 the underground floor. at Villa Varia Luigia and Villa Rondo, n° 25, the smallest, are actually let unfur- : nished, 3,800 francs per annum, for several years. — Villa Rondo no AS worth à 1,200 francs. When let furnished, they produce about £ 400. eae DAUM Soe All applications to be made at 225. High Holborn, London, W.C “Reed ie where photographies of the Villas can be seen, : x Che Humming Hird DESCRIPTION DUNE ESPÈCE NOUVELLE DE DIPTÈRE PARASITE DE COSTA RICA Par M. J. Bicor. Genre ORNITHOMYIA (sensu Latreille, Macquart, Rondani, Bigot). QO. Geniculata, nov. sp. J. Bigot. Long. & 9, 9 10 millimètres. Œ Haustelio palpisque fulvis, antennis, ejusdem coloris, nigro setosis, oculis fulvis, late nigro notalis, capite fulvo, facie utrinque carinata , tergo nigro nitido, antice, utrinque, macula lata, quadrata flava, linedque angusta fulvd, mediand, pictis; scutello flavido, nigro setoso; pectore flavido; abdo- mine obscurè-fusco sat dense nigro velutino ; pedibus pallidè fulvis, nigro parce setosis, geniculis nigris ; alis pallidissime fulvidis, venis nigris, transversa interna pallida. © Paulo majore, abdomine, latiore, bilobato, oculis omnino fulvis, scutello fusco nigro, et nigro setoso. oO. Pipette et palpes fauves, antennes fauves à soies noires; tête fauve, face avec deux fortes carènes latérales et longitu- dinales ; les yeux fauves avec une grande et longue macule noire; fergum luisant, noir, en avant; de chaque côté, une grande macule quadrangulaire, et, au milieu, une fine ligne médiane, longitudinale, jaunatre; écusson jaunâtre à soies noires dissiminées ; flancs et poitrine fauves ; abdomen d’un brun noirâtre, assez densément, mais très brièvement muni de poils bruns; pieds d’un jaune fauve pale avec quelques soles noires clair-semées, genoux noirs, tarses avec les seg- ments basilaires munis, à leur extrémité, de nombreuses et courtes soies noires ; ailes d’un brunatre fort pâle, les nervu res noiratres, sauf la tranversale interne d’un blanc jaunatre pale. — © Taille un peu plus forte ; abdomen large, bilobé ; les yeux uniformément fauves ; écusson d’un noir luisant. — oO 2 spécimens ; ,O 1 spécimen. Trouvé sur un Pharomacrus costaricensis, tué par M. Bou- card à Costa-Rica, Amérique Centrale. g 50 The Humming Bird. To the memory of the most Illustrious = CHRISTOPHER COLOMB 1492-1892. COMPLETION OF THE PANAMA CANAL By A. BOUCARD INTRODUCTION There are two projects for the completion of the Panama Canal, both protecting the interests of the original Share and Bond holders and leaving this valuable property in their own hands, if they choose. Further on, I give an explicative notice of these two pro- jects and I have not the least doubt that, if the original Bond and Share holders, know their own interests and help me thoroughly in the campaign which I am undertaking for the Raising up of the Panama, works can be resumed, not later than the 4** of January 1893. The author of this pamphlet free of all parties, and all projects, excepting his own, is one of the largest Title hol- ders, titles which he bought mostly when every one had the most entire confidence in the words of Baron Ferdinand de Lesseps. In the purchase of these titles, he employed nearly all his wealth, painfully acquired after thirty vears of scientific and industrial works. 3 When the breaking up of the Company came to pass, he was obliged to begin afresh, and to resume his scientific and industrial works, but what would have been a great misfor- tune for many has not been so for him; because he is one of those, who cannot remain inactive, and although very busy in directing his scientific and industrial undertakings, he found sufficient time yet to study the Panama question and to publish some adequate notices on the Canal during the year 1891 (4). The author was in scientific exploration in Panama when (1) See Humming Bird, 1891, pages 3, 10, 20, 29, 44 and 97. The Humming Bird. 51 the Commission presided by M. Napoleon Wyse Bonaparte arrived for the first time in the Isthmus, to study the routes where the Canal was feasible. He has travelled and explored the greater part of North America, Mexico, and Central America. He has crossed Cape Horn, and remained sometimes in Chili. He knows well all these countries and has been able to appreciate to its full value the importance of a direct communication between the two Oceans. In 1878, he was the delegate of the Republic of Guatemala at the International Geographical Congress of Paris, where the question of the Panama Canal was first studied. Since, he has followed with the utmost attention all what has been done, either at Paris or in Panama, about the Canal, and more exclusively so, to a commercial point of view, and he is convinced that even if the Nicaragua Canal is done one day, the Panama Canal will be yet a good stroke of business, commercially speaking, and before long the net income of the two Canals will be in proportion to the efforts and costs made. He is certain that one day or ano- ther the two Canals will be made and opened to the traffic, to the satisfaction of the entire world, and an agreement will probably be made by the two Companies for the exclusive use of one of the Canals for the ingress from one Ocean to the other, and the other for the egress. But there is a great advantage to conclude at once the Panama Canal, which isalready nearly half done, and can be certainly opened, at the latest, the first of January 1900, and the author hopes to be one of those who will assist to this solemn Inauguration, which will leave its mark in the history of the twentieth Century. I have only a few more words to say. According to telegra- phic messages just arrived in London, His Excellency Don Raphael Nunez, President of the Republic of Columbia, is expected at Chicago in October next for the official Inaugura- tion of the International Exhibition. For one who knows how to read between the lines, it is certain, if this news is true, that M. Raphael Nunez, one of the most distinguished Diplo- mats of the day and the most eminent personality of Golum- bia, entirely devoted to the interests of his country, is not doing such along journey, at his comparatively mature age, simply to assist to the festival ceremonies of the Inauguration of the Chicago Exhibition. 52 The Humming Bird. Itis much more probable that having lost much of his faith in the possibility of the completion of the work by the Inter- national Panama Company, directed in Paris, he made up his mind to go to Chicago and there to confer with the american Government or with the american Capilalists with the inten- tion to pass, with them, a preliminary treaty valable imme- diately after the caducity of the one passed with the Panama Company, if this should come to happen. But in this, I foresee a difficulty, which, if my memory is not failing me, prevents either M. Raphael Nunez, the Ame- ricans or any other to come to a satisfactory conclusion, without the assent of the Panama Company, first obtai- ned. During my stay in the United States and in Panama, I have known some of the high personalities who directed at that time the Panama Railway Company, and when the Commission presided by M. Wyse Bonaparte came to Panama in 1876-1877, I was there as I said before, and I spoke many and many times with the Directors and Inspectors of the Panama Railway C, and I remember, as if it was only a few days ago, that all these gentlemen always told me that no Canal could be made for sixty leagues, above or under the line of the railway, without the assent of the Company. That was the chief reason why, after selecting the actual site for the Canal, baron de Lesseps was compelled to buy the Railway Company, purchase which | have always considered as the best stroke of business made by the Panama Canal Company. Actually, the Panama Canal Company is the owner of the Railway with all its charges and privileges. Therefore no one can continue the works of the Canal without the assent vf the Panama Canal Compagny, first obtained. For my part, I shall defend this point to the last, and I hope that the majority of the Panama Share and Bond holders will support me in this revendication, if it was necessary. It is possible that the Panama Canal Company will have to abandon allits properties, machinery, etc., existingat Panama, but no one can compel the said Company to loose ils rights without a very substantial compensation, and it is to obtain the said compensation, if it should come to that, that I put myself entirely at the disposal of the Panama Title hol- ders. The Humming Bird. 53 TABLE OF DISTANCES IN NAUTICAL MILES BETWEEN THE PRINCIPAL PORTS OF THE WORLD Via Cape Horn, Strait of Magellan, Cape of Good-Hope and Canal of Panama Showing the great advantage for sailing ships and steamers in passing via Panama. Pesca ss bees lie ea a = o ep 2 CEE SO ra ulate 3 a8 | 28 a = = BETWEEN ae | See Se ä 5 = à Bete le ee AE TR Bree RE ee ho ene fa) = i= = = É à Ê Es = = ‘= = asin .Æ S = re et San - Fran-| | Londres Cisco M0 M5) 620 13.494" 1 627| 7 983| 5 867 Liverpool/ Acapulco. . .|. . .|11 875). 5 765). 6 110 » Mazatlin er) ape aati, a 62021 5 962 » Guayaquil\. 2); <¢ 110 620). 5 947). 4 676 » Calor ale ee 1000960): 6 464). . .| 3 493 » Valparaiso. .| 9 380} 8 760). 1 734) 1 646| 1 025 » Honolulte ee: se on. 213 OVO JTE 4 472! » Yokohanra 22541528, MOUTON 503 A OTe ey: 727588 New-YorketSan-Francisco.|15 650/13 174}. 5 000110 650! 8 174 » SARA ADVERSE a ME HOT O27 |, 8 162 » Détr. de Behring.|. . .|15 705}. 7 495]. 8 210 » Acapulco. |. . .|4# 583]. 3 138|. 8 417| » MANIA ove DOS MAMIE To LA 8 319 k » Hons-Kongi eh". 143) TS 00-785 1° 9651... | » Vokphiaiideyerli ae atetac- os| 85 297 (69 BAG 75, SOROS, » Melbourne . .|13 760/12 860/12 830! 9 965! 3 795! 2 895 » Honolulu. . ./45 480/13 290 6 589] 8 900! 6 710 | » Guayaquil oles 2 2000 3 083]. ee 2 Gallas 1, 3)". SESH nt 3 600. . .| 5 040 . » Valparaiso . .| 9 420) 8 440). 4 810) 4 550| 3 570 ee ia nsc 16 000/13 539). 4 230/11 770| 9 309 | » mGapulea.: 110 CANON 2 968|. 8 952 MAS Macatlant + |", 112 802). 2 998]. 9 404 » Calor 2207.10, GS 2 884|. 1 424 » Ma ITEMS, ee, LS 805): 4 154), 4 654 DA The Humming Bird. FIRST PROJECT Project of subscription for the formation of an anonymous Company, hereafter known as the Interoceanic Columbus Canal Company for the completion of the Ganal, known as the Interoceanic Panama Canal Company. Capital : forty millions of pounds sterling, in two millions of £ 20 shares which are now offered for subscriplion, payable as follows : 40 shillings on application, 10 shillings on allotment, and the balance by calls of 40 shil- lings per share, at intervals of not less than six months, part of the payment incash, the rest in Shares or Bonds of the Company in liquidation, known as the Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interoceanique de Panama, on the following bases: Shares at £5 each; Bonds 5 0/, at £ 8 168 each; Bonds 3 0/, at £ 6 each ; Bonds 4 0/, at £ 6 12s; Bonds 6 0/, at £ 8 16° indistinctly, excepting those for which a sum has been depo- sited for the repayment of same. Bonds with primes (obligations a lots) wholly paid. £ 8, 16 shillings. Bonds 6 0/,, payment warranted by a deposit of French rents will also be accepted at £8, 16, if it is possible to get back the deposit now existing in the hands of the Civil Society. The Bonds with primes (bons a lots) which are warranted by sums deposited at the Crédit Foncier, will also be accep- ted at £ 4, if the deposit can be returned to the new Com- pany. The obligations with primes remaining in the hands of the liquidation will be annuled. From this source, a sum of 38 millions 744.602 francs 96, deposited with the Civil Society, on account of these Bonds, could be had back; as also 388.644 francs 23 cent., due by that Soctety to the Liquidation of the Panama Company, according to accounts rendered on the 31 of December 1891, if that sum has not been repaid already. The Share and Bondholders can subscribe as many new Shares of £ 20 as they have of the oldstock, in the following proportions : : For every two Shares, one Share of the new Company; For one Bond 5 GA THONON i re », two Bonds either 3 0/, et 4 0;,, “one a . ,, one Bond 6 9/5, one share a aA ,, one Bond with primes, fully paid, one share Ee The Humming Bird. 59 On the day of subscription, the bearer of two Panama Shares will deliver them to the new Company, in exchange of a receipt of £ 5 each, or £ 10 for the two, to be deducted from the total amount due for the share of the new Com- pany. Then he will have te pay ten shillings on the day on application, ten shillings on allotment, and sixteen shillings and five pence, instead of £2, on each call, every six months. The same will be done with the Bonds 5 per 100, 3 per 100, 4 per 100, 6 per 100 and the Bonds with primes, fully paid. As a compensation for the acceptance of the Panama Shares and Bonds at the prices fixed above, the Share and Bondholders forsake, of their own free will, the amount of the dividends due since the last three years, as well as their Shares and Bonds, which will be destroyed. The Bonds with prime in the hands of the Liquidation will be annuled. The Liquidation will deliver immediately to the new Com- pany, after its formation, all the assets existing, either in Paris or in Panama, including the Shares of the Panama Railway Company, the whole becoming the absolute property of the new Company. By this mean, all the assets of the Panama Go will remain in the hands of the original Panama Bond and Shareholders, whoare certain to make good alltheir losses in a specified time. By the following calculation which has been done with care, it is easy to see that although every thing remains in the hands of the Panama Bond and Share holders, the new Company will be able to realize a sum varying between 500 and 600 millions of francs, perhaps more, a sum which is quite sufficient to resume work and complete the Canal. Besides, the total amount of cost for the Canal being redu- ced to one milliard of francs, it will become again a good in- vestment, and the holders will receive a good revenue from the date of the opening of the Canal, and will keep in their own hands a property, which will be one day so valuable, that it is quite impossible to have an idea of its magni- tude. Table representing the value of the Panama Shares and Bonds received in payment by the new Company. GO0000 Shares at 2°95. Ce. Sie CE. 4:009:000: 250.000 Bonds 5 percentat £ 8.16s. . . 2.200.000. 600.000 Bonds 3 per ,, at£ 6. . . . 3.600.000. ESSOR dS perte > ates & MX: "52 2) AD 06011: 438.802 Bonds 6 per ,, Astserie at £8.16 3.861.457.12 258.887 Bonds 6 per ,, 2dserie at £ 8.16 2.275.205.12 Total yas Ae Bae 23 £5 56 The Humming Bird. This leaves at the disposal of the new Company the sum of £ 22, 143, 276, 5°. The Bonds 6 per 100 3d serie, the Bonds with primes fuliy paid, the Bonds with primes, 110 francs paid, are not included in this account, because the first and last ones re- present about the same amount deposited with the Civil so- ciety. As to the Bonds with primes, fully paid, I believe that they are very few and would not alter much the sum acqui- red by the new Company. To meet this total of £ 22. 143. 276. 5s, the holders of the Panama Shares and Bonds will have to pay every six months very small sums as explained in the adjoining table. 2 Shares of £20 (which have actually lost all their rights) will be received in payment by the new Company, at£5. 40. 4 Bond 5 0/0 subscribed at 437 fr., 50 . . . 8.16. 2 Bonds 3 0/0 at 285 fr., at £6 ei AE re 12.0. 2. 40/0 alas) frien IDE AD PEER 13.4. 1 ,, 60/0, first serie at 450fr.,£8.16 . . . 8.16. 1, 60/0, 29 at 220 tre at SM ae eae oe 8.16. 1 ,, 6 0/0 31 serie warranted, at £8. 16. . . 8 16. 4 ,, with prime (fully paid), at 440 fr., 8.16. . 8.16. Consequently, 2 Shares of £ 20 will have the right to sub- scribe to 1 Share of the new Company, payabie as follows : 2 PANAMA SHARES received in payment at£5 . 100: Subscription.) hy. ve oy LE hice on Re UE 0.140. Allotment . . : 0.10. 11 Calls from he js na 1893, to re cats 1898 inclusive, at 16s 4 A UN ANR CRAN Je 0: Totals! Sooke ss 20. 0. 1 Bonp 5 0/0 will have the right to subscribe to 1 Share of the new Company as follows : 4 Bonn 5 0/0 received in payement, for. . £ 8.16. SUDSCription, "55.9 es a Miele ER RES 0.16. Allotment. . : 0.10. 11 Calls from 1‘! Jus 1893 e 1 July 1898 inclusive, at 10 shillings 8 d. . . 10. 4. Totale ROLE 20.0 (To be continued.) Naturalists’ Agency, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, etc., etc. _ Bicarbolic Acid... ... quart 2/- steel Pinsforsetting butterfl. 4/- per 1000 Rectified Benzoline... .. ., 2/- Setting Bourds..…. … … 1 to 2/- each Bouca:d’s Insecticide ... 1b. 4/- Batterfly Nets complete from 1/6 to 5/- ~ Ammonia 4]- Sweeping and water Nets ,, 2/6 Collecting corked box from t/ to 5/-each | Cork in Sheets ... ... ., 3/- doz. Pocket corked box... ... from 2/- Magnifying Glasses... 5, J/- to 5- Corked Box for Museums 24/- doz. | Hammers.. ee ae ., 1/6 to 5/- — — and sise Er Naphthaline ER 2% ,, #/-per Ib. make. 36/- , Botanical grey paper ... ,, 6/-ream Larger sizes can besupplied. Fo'ding Umbrella for collec- Botanical box .. . from 2/6 to 6/- each ting Insects ... wre 97 4 Of Pin box, for 12 grosses of diffe- Steel Perforator for making rent sizes waz 4 [6- : hol2s in ese Hi 5, 1/- Pin box, with ! 000 pins. ES Cutting Pliers . Bes sy 2]- Sea compass. from 2]- to 50/- Flat. ye 5, 2/- Collecting bottles with large Arsenical Soap... yy 2/ per Ib opening. from. 6 d. Glass Tubes for small insects Boucard’s tin collecting box, with and shells >. oars Es A dO0Z, two partitions... 2/- Pill boxes for ditto ... . + ,3 4/-gross - Straight Scissors... ... from. yy ee Flax.. os ies os Dis Curved os aot ee Cotton wadding, per sheet. - Taxidermist knives sers aaa gO Fishing rods with accessories Te ” 2 EOI ÉOnE DS. ae ae hy Ott Dredge for collet. shells, etc. ,, 40/- Small = RE Se. tee ile Taxidermist's case, containing PnsectsNippers. -.— ec 5/8 1 Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives “Sieve : TRS | pies ow £ Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, Blowpipe forcleaning: BS... 55 2/- -|~ A Harminer,1 pair of For- Digger. Sere » 2/-et4 - ceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimiets, . Folding. ditto :.. »y 6/- — - etc. Complete... ... from 12/- to 40/- - [esect Pins, English, French Shell-emptying with handle, from 1/- or German ... from 1/6 per 1000 All other atensils for Naturalistes can be had at a short notice, by ordering at = the NaTURALISTS’- AGENCY. . STANDS, NEW STYLE. 4. For Humming birds and Small birds Dés ... at 203 per hundred S 25, omall birds up to Tanagers ... A FRE 5» 248 if >> 3 3, Tanagers up to Magpies... = » 288 a By kaa de gpies up to Crows or Small Ilawks - … HE ESS es reer Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls... >. £08 ee ARTIFIGIAL EYES. Black Coloured — é Cornered Heat per gross. per doz. pairs. _— per doz. pairs. N°. 4:-to.-4- = 6d ts 6d No. 4 to 6 3s 6d 4s 6d Ft Be Sd: 2s 6d a oS 3s 0d - 6s 0d a M46. 0k 43 Od - a 9 6s 0d 8s 0d 3 11 2s 0d == 5s bd eS 10<- <-- Ts 0d 93 0d + 12 2s 3d 7s 0d =i {4-37 88004 10s 0d Zs 13 2s 6d 10s 0d = 142 ~~ 9s Od fis 0d sr doz. of pairs e e 14 3s Od 4s 6d 5 13 10s 0d 13s 0d =: 15 3s 6d 2s 6d * 1% Ais Od 13s 0d 16 4s 0d 2s 6d = 15 13s 01 15s dd < AT 8s 0d 3s 0d Larger size can be made ae 18 42s 0d 4s Od to order. - No. 1 to 4 are good for Humming Birds and others up to thesize of Tanagers. No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, ele. No. 13 to Hawks, Owls, Herons, ete. z Ethnological Specimens and Carieus from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New-Guinea, Mexico, Central America, elz., etc., at very reasonable prices. : - A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. > Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. — Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23 speci- __. mens at 5s. each. ba, 7 te Ye 4) lan dead pf AR Cae el ee a ee ee ad ie DA BOUCARD, POTTIER & C0... a Maturalists and Feather Merchants, 295. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND à Messrs BOUCARD, POTTIER, and Co., offer to sell on commission all kinds of objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Bird, Skins, Skele- — tons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crastaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit; Ethnological collections from al! parts ; Showy Bird Skins aud Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists ; Mammal Skins _ for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused; Curious of all sorts; Pictures and Works of Arts, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs Boucard, Pottier et C°., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. IN STOCK. About 6,000 species of Birds, 50,000 of species Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, Mammal Skins, from New-Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc., Land, | Fresh Water, and Marine Shells, a large number of species ; Reptiles and Fishes - in Spirit; Crustaceæ, dried and in spirit; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED CONSTANTLY FROM ALL PARTS OF. THE WORLD. FOR SALE. A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich in Lanp SHELLSs, and con- taining many types and new species, about 40,000 sp2cimens. For Price, etc., apply at 225, High HocBsonn, Lonpon, W. C. | - POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE. A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues fromall parts of the World. For Prices, etc., apply to Naturauists’ AGENCY, 225, High HoLBsorN, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German States; Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes; Old unused English and Colonials; Old Works on Stamps ; Proofs of Stamps, ete., etc. RARES SSS SES TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value i London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight. SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN-REMO The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. Three Villas, known as Villa Maria Luigia, and Villas Rondo : the first one, detached with .a beautiful garden of 2,000 métres; the last, semi-detached with front and back gardens. Villa Maria Luigia consists of three floors, with. ee fine rooms, offices, kitchen, etc. Teu of the rooms are full south, facing the sea. Villa Rondo n° 25, corso Garibaldi, consists of two floors, with nine rooms, kitchen, office and cellar. No 27 has two kitchens and two more rooms oi the underground floor. Villa Maria Luigia and Villa Rondo n° 25, the smallest, are actually let unfur- nished, 3,800 francs per annum, for several years. — Villa Rondo n° 27, is worth i 1,200 francs. When let furnished, they produce about £ 400 per annum. FE Al! applications to be made at 225, High Holborn, London, W. C. (England), à where photographies of the Villas can be seen. The Humming Bird. Le y ol Now I give the account of the sums to be received by the new Company, since its formation, up to the 45" of July 1898, date of the last call. On the 1* of January 1893. 300.000 Shares subscribed by the holders of 600,000 Panama Shares, at 10/—. 250.000 Shares subscribed by the holders of 250,000 Bonds 50/0, at 10 /=. . 300.008 Shares subscribed by the holders of 600,000 Bonds 5 0/0, at10/— . 238.694 Shares subscribed by the holders of 477,387 Bonds 4 0/0, at10 / = . 438.802 Shares subscribed by the holders of 438,802 Bonds 6 0/0 1s' Serie, at 10 = 258.887 Shares subscribed by the holders of 258,887 Bonds 6 ye od; Serie, at 10 /= ae .786.383 Shares Total . On the day of allotment, February 151893. > Total. 4s¢ July 1893. £ 150.000 125.000 150.000 119.847 219.401 129.443 £ 893.691.10 893.091 .10 1.787.383. 00 Call. on 300,000 Sh., at 14,65 — £ 246.000 11 Cal. £ 2.708.000 » 250,000 » at 18/8 — 933.200 » 2.565.200 » 300,000 » at 19/85— 196.000 » 2.450.000 » 238,694 » at 10/65 — 126.0048/8 » 1.386.048 15/4 » 438,802 » at 18/8 = 407.208 5/15 4.479.290 6 44 » 958,887 » at18J8 = 240.247 2/4 9.642.718.10.3 Each call = 1.448.659.16.15 £ 15,931.257.11.11 À Besides 213.617 Shares remain in the hands of the Lo At £20 each, “her peer asum of. ; 4.972.340 » » Total. . . . . £ 20,203.597.14.115 Which gives the following grand total : HR CARD see ae Be) PE RER ET B93. 69140 Allotment. LUS ET rede ts 893.691 .10 Eleven calls on Shares . . . 415.984.257.415 Amount of 316,619 Shares, at £ > . 4.272.340. 00 Total. . . . . # 91.990.980. 1.114 h 58 The Humming Bird. A sum which I consider more than sufficient to cover all the expenses and to pay an interest of 30/0 per annum on ali the sums subscribed, either in cash, orin Shares and Bonds of the old Company. For the payment of the said inte:est, the Company will require a sum of about £ 3.000.000; but I think that by investing judiciously part of the money received, and not immediately necessary, a good income could be made out of it, and reduce considerably the sums to pay as interests. It is also probable that a combination exists, by which in investing part of the capital, as received, and laid by for the last payments, enough could be made to pay nearly all the interests due during the completion of the work. Now about the cost of Promotion of the Gompany : Emis- sion, Publicity, Direction, Printing, Delivery of Shares, Payments of interests, etc., « ali of which have been excessive with the Panama Canal Company », I really think that it can be done at a very reasonable price. If we take as a basis, the last report published by the Civil Society for the repayment of Bonds and payment of primes, we find recorded in the Assets for 1891 : Expenses on money received.) 02.5 Or M Ta Expenses of direction and allocation to Commissioners . LATE RS None MN a 18.824 20 Paid to Urédit Foncier for the safe keeping Of MILLES LE oo ET NO ON ARR PAR 9.336 75 Totaly “so oe othe oe AU Or a little over £ 1.300, which seems to me very moderate charges, and | dont see why the New Company could not do the same. Perhaps an arrangement could be made with that Society to take charge of the comptability of the New Company. The same could be done in Panama by taking care to appoint competent persons, always giving the preference to holders of the new Company Shares. The payment to Directors could be, at first, limited to £ 400 yearly, until.a dividend of 10 0/0 should be paid to the Shareholders. When that time comes, 10 0/0 of the surplus dividend will be divided between the Directors, and from the rest, half will be put to a reserve fund, and the other half divided between the Shareholders. As to Publicity, the expenses will be reduced to their extreme limit. Severa! thousands bills and some appropriate notices in the newspapers sympathetic to the Panama, such as : le Petit Journal, le Petit Parisien, la France, la Paix, etc., would be sufficient. The Humming Bird. 59 An official weekly paper should be edited at once by the new Company, after its formation, and sold at the moderate price of 15 d. or 4 shillings yearly. This paper dedicated exclusively to the business of the new Company will keep the Shareholders well informed of all what is being done in Paris and in Panama, and will be the indispensable tie between the Shareholders and the Com- pany, replacing profitably the ordinary annual meetings of Shareholders. A meeting of these last should be called only in case of absolute necessity. If the Boards of Directors should agree that for the promo- ting of the Company, it is necessary to apply to Bankers, it will be stipulated with the said Bankers that a commission ofS per cent shall be paid to them on all sums received for the account of the Company. £ 50.000 will be required to pay the said commission on twenty millions pounds sterling. As will be seen by what precedes, the author has had only in view to prove that itis possible, and easy,to get the neces- sary sums for the completion of the Canal. He has not sail one word about the technical part of it, which belongs by right to the £’ngineers, firstly because he understands nothing about it, and secondly because he thinks that it has been done tho- roughly well by the various Commissions of Engineers sent in the Isthmus for that purpose, and especially so, by the Jast one, sent by the Liquidation, and whose Reports have been published and are well known by all. Now I give a list (1) of the competent persons, well known for their patriotism, and who would probably accept the for- mation of the new Company for the completion of the Canal, and whose personalities would probably be acceptable to all the Panama Bond and Shareholders, knowing well that if their concourse can be secured, the success is certain. COMMITTEE OF DIRECTION Mssrs CHRISTOPLE, BoucaR», HENNET DE GOUTEL, MARINONI, RYLSKI, MENIER, Wyse BONAPARTE, RECLUS, SOSA, THIEBAUD, Bunau-VanrILLA, etc. (1) This list can be altered or modified according to the will of the majority of the Panama Titleholders. 60 The Humming Bird. Immediately after the formation of the new Company, a special Delegate, with full powers, will be sent to Colombia to confer with the Columbian Government and negotiate a modification to the last treaty concluded with Mr Wyse Bonaparte, by which the Cotsmbian Government should renounce to the payment of ten millions of francs asked from the new Company, and prorogate to twenty years the time allowed to the new Company for the termination of the Canal ; not because it is absolutely necessary, but to free the Company from the exigences of several Contractors, who may be ready to take advantage ofthe Company ifthey think that they are indispensable. In compensation for this, the new Company shall give to the Columbian Government, 10.000 Shares (free of all costs) and bearing te same interest as the ordinary Shares. The amount to be paid in interest on these Shares from January 1893 to January 1900 would amount to about three millions of francs. Besides that, a small part of the profits should also be offered to the Columbian Government. It would be a very fair remuneration given to the Colum- bian Government, for maintaining the Security in the Isthmus during the completion of the Canal, and all the other services rendered by the said Government to the Company. This first project is the best i in my opinion, because work could be resumed immediately after the formation of the new Company. and would guarantee the opening of the Canal for the first of January 1900. Since the publication of the first part of this pamphlet, the Bulletin Officiel du Comité Central des Actionnaires et Obli gataires de Panama, 15 June 1892, has published an extract of a work by Mr Rylski, Engineer, entitled le Canal à ni- veau pour 229 millions. I have studied this extract with the greastest care, and I am of the same opinion as the Redaction of the Bulletin du Comité. Here is the soluion of the problem. I can speak knowingly of this, having travelled in Cali- fornia in all the countries where these hydraulic works are carried on for the desagregation of the mountains and the washing of the auriferous soil of these parts. By these means, mountains of great magnitude have been transformed in plains in a short time and at avery small cost. There is no doubt whatever that the application of hydraulic machines can be successfully employed at Panama, and it is with stupefaction that I have heard that on the 21'h of De- cember 1886, Mr Rylski proposed to the Director of the Panama works to employ that method for attacking the The Humming Bird. 64 Culebra, and that his, proposition was not accepted by the said Director. If it had been accepted, the opening of the Canal should certainly have been inaugurated in 1889. It is therefore important to investigate it thoroughly and to accepti it, if Mr Rylski can prove that it can be done, and is willing to undertake the work. An economy of at least two hundred millions of francs could be realized and the Completion of the Canal secured for the year 1899, or at the latest, the 1“ of January 1900. It is intended to call a meeting of the Panama Share and Bondholders very shortly. Letters of convocation will be sent as early as possible to all the Presidents of the Committees of France, to the Press, and to all the largest Share and Bond- holders; but is very important that immediate meetings should be called by all the Presidents of Committees, for the purpose of submitting to the Titleholders all the most impor- tant projects, technical and financiers, and to ask them to appoint a special Delegate, with full powers, representing the largest possible number of Shares and Bonds, to attend the general meeting. In this meeting, all the projects will be examined and the best one adopted, an 1 resolutions will be passed for the for- mation of anew Company. It is also important to advice all Bondholders not to sell their Titles, but Lo buy some, if they van.At the actual prices, they are worth less than a third of their value, even in case of bankruptcy. The Canal must be done by the Panama Bond and Share- holders. Zo them alone, it belongs to save the Canal and reap the honor and the profit. We accept every one with us, and those who are not Share or Bondholders, cannot do better than to invest small or large sums in it, before it is too late. Several Societies are formed and ready to start a new Company, but I don’t see why it should not be done by the Titleholders themselves. By doing so, they would save expenses, and reap all the profits, which these Societies are sure to claim as Promoters and Savers ? All the Présidents of the Committees, with whom I have had the honour to correspond lately, are unanimous in saying that all the Share and Bondholders of their region are willing to subscribe to the shares ot the new Company, and we can already foresee a subscription, to about 200,000 new shares, by the Titleholders from Paris, Marseille, Bordeaux, Lille, Moulins, Blois, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, etc. Therefore it is time to be united, and to show that we want to keep all in our own hands. No ABSTENTIONS ! If every one does what he can, and is willing to subscribe according to his means, in a few days, the new Company will be an accomplished fact. 62 The Humming Bird. SECOND PROJECT Subscription exclusively reserved to the Panama Bond and Shareholders. Project of subscription for the formation of an anonymous Company, hereafter known as the Panama Company, for the developping and cultivating of the property of 500,000 hec- tares of freehold lands granted by the Colum- bian Government to the Panama Company. CAPITAL: Four millions pounds sterling divi- ded in Four millions of Shares of £1 payable as follows : 4. shillings on application, 4 shillings on allotment, and the remainder by calls of 4 shillings, at intervals of not less than two mouths, Each Panama Share or Bond has the right of subscription to one share of the Panama Company. All Panama Bond or Shareholders not having subscribed, at the time of the Emission or at the latest two months after the formation of the Company, will lose their rights, and the Shares not alloted, will be offered preferently to the first Subscribers. Thus with £ 1,every holder of one Panama Share or Bond will have the privilege of doing a good investment, and will contribute to the termination of the Canal, which will remain the absolute property of the Panama Share and Bond- holders, who are certain to recuperate all their losses within a specified time. PROJECTED LIST of the Committe of Direction Mssrs_ BOuCARD, RYLSKI, Wyse BONAPARTE, RECLUS, SOSA, THIÉBAUD, MENIER, etc. Bankers . . . Offices Paris. ABRIDGED PROSPECTUS This Company is formed with the object of developping the property of 509,000 hectares belonging to the Panama Canal Company 250 000 of which are in their hands. The Panama Estate is of great agricultural value. Its lands are most prolific for the raising of Cocoa, Coffee, The Humming Bird. 63 Cinchona (quinine), Sugar cane, Maize, Rice, Cassava, Tobacco, India rubber, Indigo, Cotton, Vanilla, Plantains, Oranges, Lemons, and all species of Tropical fruits and vege- tables, Medicinal plants, Gums, Resins, etc. Many of these plants yield two and three crops yearly. Labour is cheap easily obtained, and transportation inland and abroad very easy and inexpensive. In the United States and in Europe, there is a great demand for plantains and all tropical fruits and produces. Steamers are constantly running and stopping between all the Atlantic ports, and to Europe. Even if reduced to the growing of coffee, cocoa, tobacco, maize and plantains, magnificent returns could be obtained, as all these goods are in great demand everywhere. . The property abounds also in valuable timber such as : Cedar, Mahogany, Ebony and others, for which there is a constant demand for house buildiag, furniture, and other purposes, and which only require the introduction of saw- milis to be turned to valuable account. The erection of these saw-mills can be done at a very small cost, water being abundant on the property. Additionnal sources of income can be derived from the rai- sing of Cattle, Mules and Horses, for which there is a cons- tant demand jn the country itself. There are also on the property valuables ores, such as: Gold, Lead, Copper, Cinnabar, etc., from which a large in- come may be derived afterwards, ifit is thought convenient to work them. It is estimated than within twelve months, the Company will have 5,000 hectares in cultivation, and planted with products yielding rapid returns, at an outlay of £ 100.000. The following estimate, which is much under the real value will give an idea ofthe profits to be derived immediately from the first outlay : 2,000 hectares of maize, loads, at 6 shillings or £ 30 per hectare Re a ney eS. 60:000;0.0 1.000 hectares plantains, 500 bunches, at sixpence or £120 per hectare . . 120.000.0.0 4.000 hectares cassava, 12 loads, at 10 /— Or a0 PER HEC À 0 50.000.0.0 1.000 hectares, beans, yams, etc., at & 40 DAME ER 40.000.0.6 per hectare 270.000.0.0 Cost of clearing planting cultivating, etc., J Mae lec tawe ce tL 8. 2 Rete er eM, 100.000.0.0 Profit. . . . £ 170.000.0.0 Or 4 per 100 on the whole capital subscribed. The second 64. The Humming Bird. year, it is certain that the profits would reach about 8 per 100 on the whole capital of the Company, 10,000 hectares being then under cultivation. During these two years, large plantations of coffee and cocoa covering another 100.000 hec- tares could be made, so that the third year, besides the 8 per 100 profit, on the whole capital subscribed, there would be the net profit of the first crop of coffee to be added to it, and which could not be less than one million of pounds sterling or another 25 per 100 on the whole capital of the Company. ; The fourth year, it is safe to report that the return of coffee alone will be 2 millions, or 50 per 100 of the whole capital of the Company, which makes a grand total of 66 per 100, to which is to be added the amount of the first crop of cocoa, which can be calculated for that year at £ 40 per hectare or € 4.000,000 for 100.000 hectares, which means another 100 per 400 on the whole capital subscribed. The fitfh year, the revenue of the cocoa plantation can be esti- mated at £ 5.000.000, and each succeeding year £ 50 more per hectare until it reaches the grand total of £ 200 per hectare, or £ 20.000.000 pounds sterling for 100.090 hec- tares. The revenue of the coffee plantation would also accrue in the same proportions, up to the fifth year, at which time it would reach the fine total of € 3.000 per hectare, or £ 300.000 for 100.000 hectares. In the fifth year the revenue of the Company would be as follows: 10.000 hectares cultivated in plantains, maize; ELC; MeL LON ly ease 8 per 100 100.900 hectares cultivated in coffee . . 15 per 100 160.000 — cultivated in cocoa. . 425 per 4100 Totaly vicina es 208 per 100 The tenth year, when the plantation of cocoa would give its full crop, the revenue of the Company would be as follows : 10.000 hectares plantains, maize, elec . . 8 per 100 110,000 :. : =o enneofiees a MR DETAROU 100.000 — COCO LENS HR TNA OS OO ea ae Tolalts ai RE SAS pDEREIDO There are no reasons why it should not continue so, for any length of time, as new plantations could always be made, so as to replace the old ones, and always securing full crops. The Hummong Bird. 65 Now if the Company instead of limiting itself to raising Coffee, Cocoa, Maize, Plantains and Cassuva, should also cultivate Sugar canes, Tobacco, Rice and Indigo, it could obtain better results yet; as competent authorities on these matters have calculated therevenue of 100.009 hectares plan- ted in these commodities, as follows: Pi Suen DAMES MANUEL PEN CU £ 10.000.000 ITODACCNENM AMEN EN, A £ 12.000.000 | STM gS GE as po dig Ne 285 LE £ 4.000.000 JAN [hed a ER FIRE a SORT £ 8.000.000 It has also been calculated, that the products of 100.000 hectares planted in maize, plantains and yucca, would be: Np TONI ard les NO RER ee Ret os £ 6.000.000 Haplantans/) 0 nel, £ 10.000.000 RÉEL PORN EEE Apr £ 4.000.000 Therefore no better commercial entreprise could be offe- red to the public, and the Directors of the Company, are so confident in the success of the undertaking that they would undertake not to receive any money whatever for the pro- moting, planting and working of the Company, until a dividend of 10 per 100 has heen paid to the Shareholders. After a repartition of 10 per 100 to the Shareholders, an adequate remuneration should be voted in favour of the Directors, and from the remaining benefit surplus, it is inten- ded to make another repartition of 10 per 100 to the Share- holders, 10 per 100 to the Directors, and the remaining 80 per 100 to be paid, free of charges to the Panama Com- pany for the termination of the Canal. In consideration of this free gift, the Interoceanic Panama Canal Company would grant to the Panama Company, free of all charges and definitively, two hundred and fifty thou- sand hectares of the lands granted to the said Company by the Columbian Government. These 250.000 hectares of land, to be selected by the Penama Company, where it likes at any time, according to its wants, in one or several times, at its choice. Immediately afterthe opening of the Canal, no more money should be paid to the /nteroceanic Panama Canal Company and all the profits, less the 10 per 100 attributed to the Directors, would reverse in favour of the Shareholders of the Panama Company. lf the Share and Bondholders of the Interoceanic Panama Canal Company accept this se- cond project, in preference to the first, they should com- municate immediately with Mr Boucard, the promotor of the two projects, as he intends to start for Chicago, at the latest, in September next, to meet there, with His Excellency 66 The Humming Bird. M. Raphaél Nunez, President of the Columbian Republic, to confer with him about the advisability to extend to twenty years, the time of the prorogation for the termination of the Canal, although M. Boucard thinks that it will be pos- sible to resume work in the Isthmus at once, with the money in the hands of the Liquidation, so as to open the Canal, officially, not later than in January 1900 or before. Hvery effort will be made to do so, and to inaugurate the twentieth Century with the opening of this gigantic and murvellous Work of Art, which will certainly open a new Era of greatness, wealth, and prosperity, not only to America, but to all the World, and will bea fit homage rendered to the manes of the immortal CHRISTOPHER COLOMS. CHICAGO EXPOSITION World’s Fair Notes. A monster panorama, 445 feet long and 51 feet high, representing the Bernese Alps, with the Jungfrau in the back- ground, hasbeen painted for exhibition at the Fair. A private exhibition of the work was recently given to the press in Ber- lin. Success is already assured to the project which an asso- ciation, under the auspices of the Board of lady Managers, has of erecting several dormitories where women, especially those of the industrial class, can obtain neat, respectable and cheap living quarters, while visiting the Exposition. The steamship lines covering the west coast of South America, have agreed to carry government exhibits free and private exhibits at half price, as far as Panama, Passenger rates also have been greatly reduced. The lofty stone monolith which Wisconsin will exibit at the Fair, will remain at Jackson park permanently, the commissioners having given their consent. The monolith is 107 feet high and cut from a solid block of stone. The con- tract for its erection has already been let. Baron de Jeune’s valuable collection. of prehistoric relics, it is believed, will be secured for exhibition ad the Fair. It comprises many rares specimens from caves in France. De Maret, who made the collection, spent twenty five years in work. Owing to the recent increase of Great Britain’s Wold’s Fair appropriation to £ 300,v00. British exibitors will not be charged for space, as at first determined. President Diaz has recommended to the Mexican congress that Oct. 12 of this year be made a national holiday in com- The Humming Bird. 67 memoration of the landing of Columbus in the new world. He says in his message that the work of collecting the Mexican exhibit is progressing rapidly, and that a display of Mexican troops will be made at the dedicatory exercises. A company from the national military institute of Colum- bia, South America, wants to attend the Exposition and camp on the World’s Fair grounds. The proposition to give the company camping space in Washington park, close by the grounds, is now under consideration. A collection of finely mounted birds and animals will be shown in the Pennsylvania building. It has been already stated that the Pope has promised to use all his influence to promote the Chicago Columbian Expo- sition. Itis now announced that he will appoint a commission charged with preparing a plan whereby the Vatican will be officially represented at the Exposition. It is not thought improbable that a subsidy will be granted by the Vatican. W.-H.-H. Llowellyn, Executive Commissioner for New Mexico, has been in Chicago securing space in the various buildings for exhibits from the Territories. ‘‘ We expect to show people who visit the World’s Fair”, he said, ‘that new Mexico can raise something else besides cactus and sage- brush. One exhibit will be 100 watermelons, the minimum weight of each of which will be 1v0 pounds. » The liberation of carrier pigeons and the keeping of a record of their flight will be an interesting feature of the live stock exhibit at the Exposition. A number of breeders of pigeons will exhibit birds,and they are now making arran- gements for the proposed contests. George-W. Childs, of Phi- ladelphia, and several others have offered prise for the win- ners in the contests. The speed record now is 325 milles in 329 minutes. William Saunders, Executive Exposition Commissioner for Canada, says that a large and excellent exhibit from the Dominion is assured. It will be especially notable in the lines of agriculture, dairying, minerals and manufactures. It is announced that the Pope has directed that speci- mens of the beautiful mosaic pictures, made at the mosaic works in the Vatican, shall be exhibited at the Exposition, andthat at least one picture shall be made expressly for the Fair. | A carnival of sports, in connection with the Exposition, is contemplated and quite likely to be established. It is pro- posed to provide a large arena or amphitheatre in which will be enacted, as far as possible, every kind of athletic sport known to the various nations and races of the earth. Leigh 8. Lyneh, World’s Fair Commissioner to the South Sea Islands, has cabled that he has completed arrangements for exhibit from the Phillipine Islands and is now devoting 68 The Humming Bird. his attention to Java. There is every prospect that the exhibit will be one of great intetest. Mr Mc Cormick, the London agent of the Columbian Expo- sition, has forwarded to Chicago an application from Mrs M.- L. Mullinger, who wishes to establish a gypsy encampment within the grourds of the Exposition, probably upon the Mid- way Plaisance. Mrs Mullinger is alluded to as being remarka- bly well versed in gypsy lore, and proficient in gypsy learning. She manages a gypsy encampment near Liverpool, England. Costa-Rica has one of the largest and finest archeological collections in the world, showing many Columbian relics and historic data relating to the discovery of America. This col- lection goes to Madrid this year for the Spanish Exposition and will afterwards go to Chicago. A circular has been issued by the Exposition authorities to all the railway passenger associations of the United Sates and individual roads, asking that a materially reduced rate be made by the railroads on the occasion of the dedicatory ceremonies next October. It is believed that 500,000 visitors will be in Chicago from different parts of the country. The construction of the Exposition buildings is progres- sing in the most satisfactory manner, and there is no reason for doubt that all will be completed in time for dedication. The rough carpentry work is practically finished on all of the large structures except, Machinery Hall and the Manufac- turers’ building and on these it is in an advanced stage. Six or seven of the buildings have the exterior appearance almost of finished structures, and look like imposing marble palaces. Invitations are being sent to distinguished guests to attend the dedication ceremonies of the Exposition next October. The invitation to the President of the United States was presented by a special committee representing both the Na- tional Commission and the Directory. The invitation to the President is a very elaborate and beautiful affair. It reads : The World’s Columbian Commission invites you to parti- pate in the ceremonies attending the dedication of the buil- ding of the World’s Columbian Exposition at Jackson Park in the City of Chicago, Oct. 11, 12 and 13 1892, and requests the favor of an early acceptance. | To the President, Benjamin Harrisson, Washington. Dis- trict of Columbia. Some 20,000 or 25,000 invitations are being sent out. Those receiving them include national, state and territorial officials and many distinguished personages. The invitations sent to these, are finely executed but not nearly so elaborate, as the one to the President. The model of the ‘* Victory ” Nelson’s celebrated flag-ship, will be brought to the Exposition by Manager Abud of the Prince of Wales’ theatre, London. A part model of the ‘* Vic- The Humming Bird. 69 tury’, allracted much attention at the recent royal naval exhibition. Mr Abud is now completing the model so that it will represent exactly and completely the famous old war ship, which now lies in Portsmouth harbor. Messrs Hirst and Jackson, World’s Fair Commissioners for Florida, report that the prospect is very promising for rai- sing £ 100,000 for the representation of that State. The in- terest of the people has been greatly increased by the deci- sion to construct for the Fiorida building a reproduction of old ‘‘ Fort Marion”, claimed to be the oldest structure on the continent. The building is a very picturesque one. The exte- rior will be of coquina, a concrete made chiefly of shells and phosphate, and the interior will be finished in Florida woods, of wich there are no less than 240 different varieties. In a moat surrounding the fort will be sunken gardens where growing pineapples and the larger fruits will be shown. On the parapets will be banging gardens to which the full wealth of the flora of the State will contribute. Adjacent to the building will be groves of bamboo and orange and lemon trees. Visitors to the Exposition will avail themselves of a Bureau of Public Comfort, managed by the Exposition authorities. This will have headquarters in a building on the grounds, and will provide for visitors means of information and almost every facility for convenience and comfort except lodging. The Bureau will be managed by W.-M. Kasson, who had charge of similar service at the Philadelphia Contennial, though on a much smaller scale than is now planned. A separate organization having arrangements with the hotels and lodging houses of the city, will extend its service to all visilors who wish it. It is the determination to protect visi- tors from imposition of every description, and to see that prices are kept down to a reasonable basis. A plan has been elaborated for making the Tyrolese sec- tion perhaps the most entertaining part.of Austria’s exhibit at the World’s Fair. The purpose in arranging this section will. be to give as graphic a representation of Tyrolese life and scenery as possible for a background to the exhibits of Tyrolese manufacturers. The section will be circular, and the walls will be covered with a panoramic picture of the Rhaetian and Tyrolese Alpes, including the Gross-Glockner and Orter peaks and the largest ice fields. In two cottages at the foot of the mountains, two parties of Tyrolese will show their skill in spinning and weaving silk and in carving. Three women will make lace before the cottage doors. A Company of young men and women singers will give several concerts daily. The picturesque part of the exhibit will be under the auspices of the hotel and tavern keepers of the Tyrol, and the representations of Tyrolese scenery will be +0 The Humming Bird. made for the purpose of inducing American tourists in Europe to pass more of their time in the Rhaetian and Tyro- lese Alps. One of the marvels of the recent electrical exposition at Frankfurt was a six foot electric search light of 20,000 candle power. Schuckertt, the Nuremberg electrician, astonished Europe in its construction. Schuckertt is now at work on a larger light for the World’s Fair. The numerous congresses to be held in connection with the Exposition are creating wide-spread interest, and un- doubtedly willbe a veryimportant feature of the Fair. Accor- ding to the general schedule now prepared the various con- gresses under the several departments will be held as follows : May.— Music and the drama, public press, medicine. June. — Temperance. moral and social reform, commerce and finance. July. — Literature, science and philosophy, education. August. — Engineering, art, government. September. — Parliament of religious, denominational con- gresses, sunday rest. October. — Labor, agriculture, real estate, merchants, etc. These great departments are in charge of general com- miltees, Which with the advice and suggestions of persons and societies interested, arrange the programme and select the speakers, with the approval of the president of the Auxiliary. ‘‘ The eighth and greatest wonder of the world”, is what the World’s Fair buildings and grounds, even in their pre- sent incomplete condition, are pronounced by major Woods, Executive Commissioner of the Connecticut World’s Fair Board. In Jighting the World’s Fair, 92,612 incandescent lamps, of 16-candle power each will be used, according to present esti- mates. The contract for furnishing and maintaining these lights has just been let to George Westinghouse, Jr., for 5 "339, 000. Commissioner Dredge writes that the collections of rare old lace and Venetian. glass which will be exhibited from Venice will constitute a most valuable section of the exhibi- tion to be made of ancient italian art work. The Exposition is deriving quite a revenue from the visitors whose curiosity prompts them to see the grounds and the wonderful buildings now approaching completion. An ad- mission of twenty-five cents is charged, and on single days the number of visitors has exceded 14,000. With warmer and more pleasant weather, it is believed, the visitors will be much more numerous. Without exception all are enthu- siastic in their admiration and wonder at the magnificent spectacle. The Humming Bird. 11 A.-B. de Guerville, who was commisioned to go around the world and give illustraded lectures on the Exposition, has written from Japan that so great is the interest in the Fair that he rarely fails to talk to full houses. He was cordially received by the Emperor and Empress of Japan, and deli- vered his lecture before the court. The Emperor expressed enthusiasm and delight over the magnificence of the Expo- sition buildings, wich were shown by fine screen views du- ring the lecture. An exhibit from Syrian women, consisting chiefly of beau- liful and costly embroideries, has been received by the Board of Lady Managers at Chicago. The women of Belgium will be represented at the Expo- sition by an exhibit. A women’s committee, with the queen as patroness, has been selected to have charge of the matter, : In response to the thousands of invitations to distin- guished persons to attend the Exposition dedicatory ceremo- nies next October, the acceptance thus far has been almost unanimous. Among those who will be present are the Presi- dent and his entire Cabinet, the members of the Supreme Court, nearly every foreign minister at Washington, the go- vernors of the different States, members of Congress and spe- cial representatives of many foreign nations. The magnitude ofthe French exhibit at the Exposition can be surmised from the fact that in the calculations as to its transportation to Chicago it is estimated that it will aggre- gate fully 3,000 tons. The exhibit, it is unnecessary to explain, will consist chiefly of works of art and manufactures of the finer and lighter description, and will include very little in the way of heavy articles, such as machinery. A committee of insurance men has inspected the system and methods of fire protection established on the Exposi- tion grounds, and has reported that they are in all respects adequate and satisfactory. It found thousands of fire buckets in the buildings, Babcok extinguishers on every hand, che- mical engines at every necessary point, hoose lines reaching to the top of the buildings, fire alarm boxes numerous and easily accessible, an efficient fire alarm service, a system of water works with a capacity of millions of gallons a day, watchmen on duty day and night, and steam engine houses and engines and a well-drilled force of firemen. The California Bee Keepers’ Association is preparing a no- table exhibit for the Fair. Besides honey and bees, the exhibit will include pressed flowers of all the different honey flora, specimens of the birds and insects which are the enemies of bees, models and photographs of apiaries, and novelties in the shape of production distinctive to California, especially in the line of beewax and foundation. 4 The Humminy Bird. =. © Arizona is planning to reproduce for its building at the Exposition the famous Casa GRANDE, which stands in the sou- thern part of the territory. The Casa Grande, wbichis proba- bly the most remarkable and interesting prehistoric ruin in North America, was first visited by Europeans in 1538, by Cabeza de Vaca and his followers, of the ill-fated Ponce de Leon expedition. Four years later Coronado, during his ex pe- dition to the Southwest, made it his headquarters. Then, as now, not even a tradition as tho the race that built it remai- ned among the surrounding tribes. The building was once the main gateway to an immense walled city, the ruins of which still cover the plains, and to such an extent that in the accu- rate estimation of scientists the city’s population must have exceeded a hundred thousand. The remains of vast irrigating ditches and cemented reservoirs are found in the vicinity of the ruined city. By cleaning one of the irrigating ditches re- cently 150,000 acres of land were reclaimed. This ancient irrigation system will be shown by relief maps. The ruins of Casa Grande are between five and six stories high and fifty feet square. They are composed of sun-dried brick, with heavy buttressed walls, and, like all the other ancient ruins in that country, bear evidences of having been destroyed by fire, for the charred remains of rafters still cling to the walls. Allabout for miles and miles are strewn broken pottery, arrow heads and stone axes, which tell scientists that one day thousands of years ago that city blazed with fire and was deserted by a panic-stricken people. Gasa Grande is the most famous feature of all those old sun-baked ruins, and its un- known origin, the sudden and unaccountable flight and disso- lution of the city it guarded, and the deep mystery which has clung to it for ages, make it one of the most interesting subjects of scientific investigation. It will be, perhaps, on its reproduction at the Fair, the most interesting buil- ding in which any of the States or territories will make head- quarters. The Ecuador commissioners have had constructed a fac- simile of the famous palace of the Inca Perca, the ruins of which stand near the city of Quito, and will exhibitit at the Fair. The French government has consented that plaster casts be made for the World's Fair of the numerous art treasures in the Trocadero, Paris. The Exposition authorities will bear the expense, which will be something above $ 25,000. The collection will be a very fine one and will occupy a conspicuous place in the Fine Arts building. After the Fair, the collection will be placed in the projected Chicago Mu- seum, where, it is believed, it will prove of great benefit to American artists and of much interest to visitors. A. B. A LR : “Naturalists ip 295. High Holborn, London, W. C. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, etc., etc. Bicarbolic Acid... .. quart 2/- Rectified Benzoline... . ,, 2/- Boucard’s Insecticide ... Ib. 4/- Ammonia 4]- Collecting corked box from 1] to 5/- each Pocket corked box.. from 2/- Corked box for Museums 24/- doz. and glazed, splendid make.. . 36/-., Larger sizes can be supplied. - Botanical box ... ... from 2/6 to 6/- each Pin box, for 12 grosses of diffe- rent sizes ive 1/6- Pin box, with ! ,000 pins.. anh Ope Sea Compass from 2/- -to50/- Collectiug bottles with large opening. from. 6 d. Boucard’s tin collecting box, with two partitions .... - 2/- Straight Scissors.. from. 2/- Curved 5 See » 2/- Taxidermist Knives ... yy 1/6 ROMS HOLCeDS EH eas om 3/- Small os ; Seat es Insects’ Nippers... » 1/6 Sieve ey el Blowpipe for cleaning ege BSC Sg D) - Digger : PE fice », 2/-et4 - Folding ditto Seep Sige ., 6/- Insect Pins, English, French or German from 1/6 per 1000 steel Pinsforsetting ar per 1000 Setting Boards... ... . 1 to 2/- each Butterfly Nets complete “from 1/6 to 5]- Sweeping and water Nets ,, 2/6 Cork in Sheets ... … », 93/- doz Magnifying Glasses »y Af- to. 5- Hammers.. de mie 5, 1/6 to 5/- Naphthaline ag cae », 4/-per lb. Botanical grey paper . », 6/-ream Folding Umbrella for collec- tine. Insects …. Artis caer LV ES Steel Perforator for making hols in eggs eee RE Cutting Pliers. ance oer Flat.. Bro ee > 2/- Arsenical Soap.. ,, 2/ per Ib Glass Tubes for small insects and Shells ... L 0 Ay CLO Zs Pill boxes for ditto ... ose 59 4/-Qross Flax.. Cotton wadding, per sheet... tod. Fishing rods with accessories ,, 2/- Dredge for collect. shells, etc. ,, 40/- Taxidermist s case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives 1 Lime, 1 Grater,2 Pliers, 4 Hammer, 1 pair of For- ceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimiets, etc. Complete... ... from 12/- to 40/- Shell-emptying with handle, from 1/- All other atensils for Naturalistes can be had at a short notice, by ordering at - the NATURALISTS AGENCY. a No. 4. For Humming birds and Small birds at 20s per hundred >> 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers 5» 24S >) 3 5, Tanagers up to Magpies.. FOS a ce ane Magpies up to Crows or Small [lawks >> 32s 5 Sli eS Smail Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls >» 40s os ARTIFICIAL EYES. ; Black Coloured Cornered oe per gross. per doz. pairs. per doz. pairs. No. 4 to 4 6d 1s 6d No. 4 to 6. 3s 6d 4s 6d eg ee OU 2s 6d TPE à 5s-0d . 6s 0d 79-5, 1045.00 4s 0d a 9 6s 0d 8s 0d Fe 11 2s 0d 5s 6d als 10 7s 0d 9s 04 Be = aes De Sa 73 0d eae 8s Od “40s 0d se 13 2s 6d 10s 0d cn anes - 93 Od - ‘Ais 0d doz. of pairs a 14 3s 0d 1s 6d a 13 10s 0d 13s Od is 15 3s 6d 2s 6d it 14 115 Od 43s 0d ee 16 4s 0d 2s 6d re 15 43s 04 - 15s dd he 17 8s 0d 3s 0d Larger size can be made Re 18 412s 0d 4s 0d- - to order. STANDS, NEW STYLE. _ No 1 to 4 are good for Humming Birds and others up to thesize of Tanagers. No 3'to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No 41 to42 Pheasants, etc. Ne 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. N° 43 to Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc. Ethnological Specimens and Curious from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New-Guinea, Mexico, Central America, ete., etc., at very reasonable prices. | A magnificent Collection of W oods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. __ Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. ~ Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. Lo the ie perfect condition. 23 speci- mens at 5 s. each. : BOUCARD, POTTIER Ee 602 Maturalists and Seather Merchants, | 225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND Messrs BOUCARD, POTTIER, and Co., offer to sell on commission all kinds of objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Birds, Skins, Skele- tons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crastacee and Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from al! parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists ; Mammal Skins ~ for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused; Curious ofall sorts; Pictures and Works of Arts, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs Boucard, Pottier and C°,, who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. IN STOCK. About 6,000 species of Birds, 30,000 of species Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, Mammal Skins, from New-Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc., Land, Fresh Water, and Marine Shells, a large number of specizs ; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit; Crustacee, dried and in spirit; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED CONSTANTLY FROM ALL PARTS OF — THE WORLD. FOR SALE. A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich in Lanp Suezrs, and con- taining many types and new species, about 40,000 sp2cimens. For Price, etc., apply at 225, High Hotsorn, Lonpon, W. C. POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE. © A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For Prices, etc., apply to Naturazisrs’ AGENCY, 225, High Housorn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German States; Mulready Wrappers — and Envelopes; Old unused English and Colonials; Old Works on Stamps ; Proofs of Stamps, ete., etc. À —_— > ‘TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight. — SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN-REMO The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. ~ Three Villas, known as Villa Maria Luigia, and Villas Rondo : the first one, detached with a beautiful garden of 2,000 métres; the last, semi-detached with front and back gardens. Villa Maria Luigia consists of three floors, with pet fine rooms, offices, kitchen, etc. Teu of the rooms are full south, facing the sea. 4 Villa Rondo n° 25, corso Garibaldi, consists of two floors, with nine rooms, kitchen, office and cellar. No 27 has two kitchens and two more rooms®on the underground floor. Villa Maria Luigia and Villa Rondo n° 25, the smallest, are actually let unfur- nished, 3,800 francs per annum, for several years. — Villa Rondo n° 27, is worth 1,200 francs. When let furnished, they produce about £ 400 per annum. All applications to be made at 225, High Holborn, London, W. C. (England), _wheve photographies of the Villas can be seen. : The Humming Bird. 73 A complete list up to date of the Humming-birds found in Columbia, with descriptions of several supposed new species. By A. Boucarp. Order TROCHILI, Boucard. Cat. Av. 1876. 1. TROCHILUS coLiBRis, L. Syst. Nat. 1766, t. I, p. 191. Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua, Columbia. 2. SELASPHORUS SCINTILLA, Gould Mon. Troch., vol. III, p. 138. Veragua, Columbia. 3. SELASPHORUS ARDENS, Salv. P. Z. S., 1870, p. 209. Veragua, Columbia. 4°, SELASPHORUS TORRIDUS, Salv. P. Z. S., 1870, p. 208. Volcan de Chiriqui, Columbia. D. ACESTRURA MULSANTI, Bourc. Ann. Sc. Phys., Lyon, 1842, t. V, p. 342.— Acestrura decorata, Gould. P. Z. 3., 1860, p. 309. Bogota, Columbia. 6. ACESTRURA HELIODORI, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 275. Bogota, Columbia. 7. Myrris FANNY, Less. Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, t. IX, p. 170. Buenaventura, Colombia. 8. DoRycHA BRYANTHE, Lawr. Ann. N.-Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 1887, vol. VIII, p. 483. Veragua, Columbia. 9. CALLIPLOX MITCHELLI, Bourc. P. Z. S., 1847, p. 47. Bogota, Columbia. 10. LOPHORNIS ADORABILIS, Salv. P. Z. S., 1870, p. 207. Chiriqui, Columbia. 11. LOPHORNIS VERREAUXI, Bourc., Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 193. Bogota Colombia. 12. LOPHORNIS STICTOLOPHUS, Salv and Elliot, Ibis, 1873, p. 280 Bogota, Columbia. | 13.8LOPHORNIS DELATTRII, Less. Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 19. Veragua, Panama and Bogota, Columbia. 74 The Humming Bird. 44, GoULDIA POPELAIRII, Du Bus. Esq. Ornith., 1845, pl. VI. Bogota, Columbia. 15. GOULDIA CONVERSI, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Sc. Agr., Lyon, 5 1846, p. 313. Veragua and Bogota, Columbia. 16. Kiais GUIMETI, Reich. Aufz., der Colib., 1853, p. 13. Bogota, Columbia. 17. KLaïs MERRITI, Lawr. Ann., N. -Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1860, vol. III, p. 110. Veragua and Panama, Columbia. 18*. ANTHOCEPHALA FLORICEPS, Cab. Mus. Hein, 1860, t. III, p.72. Santa-Marta, Columbia. 49. MICROCHERA ALBOCORONATA, Lawr. Ann. N.-Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1855, vol. II, p. 137. Veragua, Columbia. 90. CHRYSOLAMPIS MOSCHITUS, L. Syst. Nat. 1776, vol. I, p.192. Bogota, Columbia. 21°. METALLURA WILLIAMII, Bourc. and Vel. Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 308. Popayan, Columbia. 22. METALLURA SMARAGDINICOLLIS, d’Orb. and Lafr. Syn. Av., tol prot North Columbia. 23. METALLURA TYRIANTHINA, Lodd. P. Z. S., 1832, p. 6. Bogota Columbia. 24. AVOCETTINUS EURYPTERUS, Lodd. P. Z.5S., 1832, p. 7. Popayan and Bogota, Columbia. 25. ADELOMYIA MELANOGENYS, Fras. P. Z.S., 1840, p. 18. — Adelomyia cervina, Gould. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1812 AG Oe 52 Bogota, Columbia. 26. CGHALCOSTIGMA HETEROPOGON, Boiss. Rev. Zool., 1829, p 355. Bogota, Columbia. 27. KUPOGONUS HERRANI, Del.and Bourc. Rev. Zool. 1846, p.309. Pasto, Columbia. 28. OXYPOGON GUERINI, Boiss. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 7. — Oxy- pogon stuebeli, Meyer. Mad. En à ges. Ornith. 1884, vol. I, p. 204. Bogota, Columbia. 29. OXYPOGON CYANOLAEMUS, Salv. and Godm. Ibis, 1889, P. 142: Sierra-Nevada of Santa-Marta, Columbia. The Humming Bird. 75 30. OXYPOGON LINDENI, Boiss. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 253. Columbia ? 31. RAMPHOMICRON MICRORHYNCHUM, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 354. Bogota, Columbia. gas HN DORSALE, Salv. and Godm. Ibis, 1880, Dp. 272 Sierra-Nevada of Santa-Marta, Columbia. 33. LESBIA EUCHARIS, Bourc. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 274. Bogota, Columbia. 34. LESBIA GOULDI, Lodd. P. Z. $S., 1832, p. 7. Popayan and Bogota, Columbia. 35. LESBIA VICTORIZ, Bourc. and Mus. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon, 1846, t. IX, p. 312. Bogota, Columbia. 36*. ZODALIA GLYCERIA, Bon. Rev. and Mag. Zool., 1854, p. 252. Popayan, Columbia. 37. CYANOLESBIA MOcOA, Del. and Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1846, poli Antioquia and Popayan, Columbia. 38. CYANOLESBIA GORGO, Reich. Aufz der Col., p. 8-24. Bogota, Columbia. 39. CYANOLESBIA CŒLESTIS, Gould. Int. Troch., p. 102. Popayan, Columbia. 40*. NEOLESBIA NERKHORNI, Berl. Beisch. eines. Newen. Colib. Zeift. für Ornith, 1887, p. 178. Bogota, Columbia. 41. THALURIANA FANNIÆ, Bourc.and Del. Rev. Zool.,1846,p.310. Quindiu and Popayan, Columbia. 42. THALURANIA COLUMBICA, Bourc.and Muls.Rev.Zool.,1843,p.2. Bogota, Columbia. 42 bis. THALURANIA NIGROFASCIATA, Gould. P. Z. S., 1846, p. 89. Andes and Bogota, Columbia. 43. HELIODOXA JAcULA, Gould. P. Z. S., 1849, p. 96. Bogota, Columbia. 44. HELIODOXA BERLEPSCHI, N. SP. Veragua, Columbia. Male. — Crown of the head, throat and breast glittering metallic green with golden reflections. Upp2rside dark green passing to shining green on rump, and golden-green on upper- tail-coverts. Median rectrices steel- blue, margined With gcesnish 76 The Humming Bird. bronze, lateral steel-blue. Abdomen, flanks, and undertail- coverts golden-green. Wings purplish-brown. Bill black. Total length, 5 in. Wings, 3. Tail, 2 +. Culmen, $. Female. — Upperside shining green with golden tinge on head and neck. Median rectrices bronze-green passing to bluish- black attips, lateral bluish-black tipped white. Underside white, each feather tipped with golden-green. Wings dark brown. Bill black. Total length, 4 in. Wings, 2°. Tail, 2. Culmen Se Young male. — Upper and underside golden-green with sides of throat rufous. This species is closely allied to H. Jamesoni, but it is much brighter on flanks, the crown is totally metallic, the bill is shorter, and the female has not the rufous abdomen of H. Jame- sont. I collected my specimens at Naranjo, and on the Volcan of Irazu, Costa-Rica; but I have also some specimens from Vera- gua, Columbia. I have the great pleasure to dedicate this fine new species to count von BERLEPScH, the celebrated German Ornithologist. 45. HELIODOXA LEADBEATERI, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 102. Bogota, Columbia. | 46. HELIOTRYPHA EXORTIS, Fras., P. Z. 8., 1840, p. 14. Bogota, Columbia. 47, HELIOTRYPHA BARRALI, Muls. and Verr. Ann. Soc. Lin., Lyon, 1868, vol. XVII, p. 106. Antioquia and Bogota, Columbia. 48. HELIOTRYPHA SPECIOSA, Salv. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 376. Bogota ? Columbia. 49. HELIOTRYPHA SIMONI, 0. SP. Bogota, Columbia. Male. — Spot on forehead luminous golden-green. Upper- side shining green with bronze reflections. Median rectrices bronze-green, lateral and outermost ones steel-blue. Throat luminous pale golden-green, very brillant, sides of throat very dark green appearing almost black. Breast; abdomen and flanks shining green. Undertail-coverts gray with green tips. Wings bluish-purple. Bill black. Total length, 4% in. Wings, 2 © Tail, 2. Culmen, © It is closely allied to H. speciosa; but the colour of throat is quite distinct. I compared my specimens with that type, now in the British Museum. I have the pleasure of naming it after my friend, Mr K. Si- mon, the well known Entomologist, and an enthusiastic collector of Humming-birds. The Humming Bird. 77 50. HELIANGELUS CLARISSÆ, Long. Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 306. Bogota, Columbia. 51. HELIANGELUS Mayors, Gould. P. Z. S., 1848, p. 12. Postachuela, Columbia. 52, HELIANGELUS ROTSCHILDI, 0. SP. Bogota, Columbia. Male. — Upperside, including tail, lustrous purple, with a brillant spot on forehead. Outermost rectrices slightly tipped with grayish-buff. Throat luminous coppery-gold with reddish reflexions, sides of throat silky-black. Upper part ofbreast gray- ish-buff. Lower part of breast and abdomen dark gray washed with bronzy-green. Sides of breast and flanks purple. Under- tail-coverts buffy- white with a greenish line in centre of each feather. A white spot behind the eye. Underside of tail shining bluish-purple. Wings purplish-brown. Bill and feet black. Total length, 3 Tin. Wings, 2 +. Tail, 1. Culmen, 2. Female. — Unknown. This magnificent species is quite distinct from all the others by its general purple colour, and the peculiar colour of its throat. I have great pleasure to dedicate itto the Hon. Lionel Wal- ter de Rothschild, who, during the last FEW years, regardless of time and expenses, has formed at TRING a very fine Zoological Museum, which he intends to open to the public in a few days. I hope that many other wealthy persons will follow such a good and philanthropic example. 53. AGL ACTIS CUPRIPENNIS, Bourc. and. Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon, 1848, t. VI, p. 46. Bogota, Columbia. 5A, ae LEUCASPIS, Gould. Mon. Troch., vol. IV, an Columbia. 55. OREOPYRA CALOLÆMA, Salv. P. Z. S., 1864, p. 584. Veragua, Columbia. 56. PANTERPE INSIGNIS, Cab and Hein. Mus. Hein., 1860. t. III, p. 43. Volcan de Chiriqui, Columbia. 57. CLYTOLÆMA RUBINOIDES, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon, 1846, p. 322. Bogota, Columbia. 58*. CLYTOLÆMA CERVINIGULARIS, Salv. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 377. Columbia ? 78 The Humming Bird. 59. CLYTOLÆMA FLAVESCENS, Lodd. P.Z.S., 1832, p. 7. Bogota, Columbia. 60. Jolama LUMINOSA, Elliot. Ibis., 1878, p. 488. Bogota ? Columbia. 61. ERIocNEMIS VESTITA, Long. Rev. Zool., 1838, p. 114. Bogota, Columbia. 62*. ERIOCNEMIS VENTRALIS, Salv. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 378. Bhan Columbia. 63. ERIOCNEMIS CUPREIVENTRIS, Fras. P.Z.S., 1848, p. 15. Bogota, Columbia. 64. ERIOCNEMIS ALBOGULARIS, n. Sp. Bogota, Columbia. Male. — Upperside shining green, most brillant on upper- tail-coverts. Tail steel-blue. Throat pure snow white. Breast, upper part of abdomen, and flanks shining green. Lower part of abdomen metallic-golden. Tarsal tufts pure white. Undertail- coverts shining biue. Wings purplish-brown. Bill and feet black. Total length, 3 Tin. Wings, 22 Tail,12 Culmen, ¢ Female. — Unknown. This new species is allied to Æ. cupreiventris, but easily distinguishable by the colour of its throat. Unique in my Collection. 65*. ERIOCNEMIS SIMPLEX, Gould. P.Z.S, 1849, p. 96. Bogota Columbia. 66. ERIOCNEMIS DYSELIUS, Elliot. Ibis, 1873, p. 294. Bogota, Columbia. 67°. ERIOCNEMIS INCULTUS, Elliot. Auk., 1889, p. 209. Bogota, Columbia. 68". ERIOCNEMIS AUREA, Meyer. Auk., 1890, vol. VII, p. 315. Bogota, Columbia. 69. ERIOCNEMIS CHRYSORAMA, Elliot. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 375. Bogota, Columbia. 70. ERIOGNES MOSQUERÆ, Bourc. and Del. Rev. Zool., 1846, Dp. Bogota, Pasto, Columbia. 71*, ERIOGNEMIS ISAAGSONI, Parz. Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 95. COLUMBIA. 72. ÉRIOCNEMIS ALINÆ, Bourc. Ann. Soc. Agr. Lyon., 1842, p. 343 Bogota, Columbia. The Humming Bird. 79 73. EREBENNA DERBIANA. Delat. and Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 306. Popayan, Columbia, 74. THREPTRIA AURELIÆ, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon, 1846, p. 345. Bogota, Columbia. . STEGANURA UNDERWOODI, Less. Troch., 1831, p.°105. Bogota, Columbia. 76. CHLOROSTILBON CHRYSOGASTER, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 104 Chlorostilbon heeberlini, Cab. and Heine. Mus. Hein., t. III, p. 48. Santa-Marta, Columbia. Wie Sage bees INEXPECTATA, Berl. Ornith. Centralbl., 1879, Er Columbia. 78. CHLOROSTILBON SPECIOSA, n. Sp. Bogota, Columbia. Male. — Upperside dark olive-green. Tail steel-blue. Wings purplish-brown. Underside including undertail-coverts shining olive-green. Maxilla black. Mandible flesh colour with black tip. Total length, 35 in. Wings, 2. Tail, 144. Culmen, ? Femaie. — Unknown. The coloration of this species is unique among the CAloros- tilbon. 79. CHLOROSTILBON PUMILUS, Gould. Ann. and Mag. N.-H., 1872, t. IX, p. 195. Chlorostilbon comptus, Berlepsch, Ibis, 1887, p. 296. Medellin and Popayan, Columbia. 80. CHLOROSTILBON ANGUSTIPENNIS, Fraz. P.Z.S., 1840, p. 18. Bogota, Columbia. 81. PRasiTis ATALA, Less. Hist. Nat. Troch., 1831, p. 118. Valencia, Columbia. 82. PRASITIS MELANORHYNCHUS, Gould. P. Z. S., 1860, p. 308. Antioquia, Columbia. 83. PRASITIS ASSIMILIS, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N.-Y., t. VII, p. 292. Veragua and Colon, Columbia. 84. PANYCHLORA ALICIÆ, Bourc. and Muls. Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 274. Bogota, Columbia. 1 ce 80 The Humming Bird. 35%. es MICANS, Salv. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 375. Colombia ? 86. PANYCHLORA POORTMANI, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 2. Bogota, Columbia. 87". PANYCHLORA RUSSATA, Salv. and Godm. Ibis, 1881, p. 597. Santa-Marta, Columbia. 88. PANYCHLORA EUCHLORIS, Reich. Auüfz. der Colib., 1853, p. 7-23. — Panychlora poortmani major, Ber}. J. für. Ornith., 1884, p. 313. Bogota, Columbia. 89, PANYCHLORA STENURA, Cab. and Hein. Mus. Hein, t. ill, Ocana, Columbia. 90. JULIAMYIA TyPica, Bon. Rev. and Mag. Zool., 1854, p. 255. Bogota, Columbia. 91", JULIAMYIA PANAMENSIS, Berl. Journ. für Ornith., 1884, p. 343. 3 Panama, Columbia. 92. CYANOPHAIA CŒRULEIGULARIS, Gould. P. Z. S., 1860, p. 163. Veragua, Panama, Columbia. 93. CYANOPHAIA GOUDOTI, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 100. Bogota, Colombia. 94° CYANOPHAIA LUMINOSA, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N.-Y., t. VII, Baranquilla and Cartagena, Columbia. 95. DAMOPHILA AMABILIS, Gould. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 115. — Polyerata decora, Salv. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 394. Veragua and Bogota, Columbia. 96. HYLOCHARIS GUIANENSIS, Boucard. Hum.-Bird., 1891,vol. I, p. 22. Bogota, Columbia. [have just received one female specimen from Columbia, which I refer to this species. 97. KUCEPHALA GRAYI, Delatand Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 307. Popayan, Columbia. 98°. 'TrMoLIA LERCHI, Muls. Cat. Ois. Mou., 1875, p. 23. Columbia. 99, AMAZILIA FUSCICAUDATA, Fras. P. Z. 8., 1840, p. 17. — ARE riefferi, Bourc. Ann. Sc. Phys., Lyon, t. IV, Bogota, Columbia. The Humming Bird. 81 400°. AMAZILIA CASTANEIVENTRIS, Gould. P. Z. 8., 1856, p. 150. Bogota, Columbia. 101*. AMAZILIA LAWRENCEI, Elliot. Auk., 1889, p. 209-210. Columbia? 102. AMAZILIA VIRIDIGASTER, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 105. — Amazilia viridiventris, Reich. Troch. Enum., p. 4, pl. 699. Bogota, Columbia. 103. Amazilia lopuRA, Sauc. M.S. Reich. Aufz. der Colib., 1853, p. 8. Bogota, Columbia. 104°. ees anes Elliot. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1877, p. 404. Bogota, Columbia. 105. AMAZILIA EDWARDI, Delat. and Bourc. Rev.Zool.,1846, p.305. Veragua, Panama, Columbia. 106. AMAZILIA NIVEIVENTRIS, Gould. P. Z. S., 1850, p. 164. Veragua, Panama, Columbia. 107. EUPHERUSA EGREGIA, Sclat. and Salv. P. Z. S., 1868, p.389. Veragua, Columbia. 108. CALLIPHARUS NIGRIVENTRIS, Lawr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1867, p. 232. Veragua, Columbia. 109. ELVIRA CHIONURA, Gould. P. Z. 8., 1850, p. 162. Veragua, Columbia. 410. SAUCEROTIA sopHI£, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr. Lyon, 1846, t. IX, p. 318. — Saucerottia warsze- wiczi, Cab. aud Hein, Mus.Hein.t. III, p. 38. Santa-Marta, Valencia and Baranquilla, Columbia. This species is the truc S. sophie. That from Costa- pi must take the mame of. S. hoffmanni, Cab. and ein 114. SAUCEROTTIA SAUCEROTTEI, Del. and Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 100. Caly, Columbia. 112. SAUCEROTTIA CYANIFRONS, Bourc. Rev. Zool, 1843, p. 100. Hagué, Columbia. 113. SAUCEROTTIA NUNEZI, n. Sp. Habitat. — Bogota, Columbia. Male. — Upperside black with purplish reflections. Upper- tail-coverts purplish, each feather margined with grayish- green. Tail dark steel-blue. Wings bluish-purple. Throat shining dark purple, each feather with a white band above the 82 The Humming Bird. purple giving a scaly appearance to that part. Abdomen and flanks purplish margined with gray A patch on each side of flanks; margined with gray : Vent and tarsal tufts, pure white. Undertail coverts dark brownish-green margined with white. Maxilla black. Mandible flesh colour with black tip. Total length, 3 £ in. Wings, 2 Tail, 1 %.Culmen,¢. Female. — Unknown. I have two specimens exactly alike. It is quite easy to dis- tinguish it from all the other species, in consequence of its par- ticular colour. I dedicate it to Don RAPHAEL Nunez, the actual President of Columbia. 414. URANOMITRA FRANCL#, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., | Lyon, 1846, t. IX, p. 234. Bogota, Columbia. 115. URANOMITRA COLUMBIANA, N. SP. Bogota, Columbia. Male. — Head and sides of neck metallic green. Upperside golden-green. Median rectrices-bronze, lateral purplish-bronze with a wide subterminal brownish-black bar. Throat, centre of abdomen, anal region, and undertail-coverts white. Flanks golden-green. Wings purple-brown. Maxilla black. Mandible ilesh colour with black tip. Total length, 3¢ in. Wings, 24, Tail, 1 2.Culmen, £- Female. — Upperside bronzy-green passing to reddish-gol- den on rump and uppertail-coverts. Tail bronze, lateral bronze with a subterminal brownish black bar and gray tips. Throat, centre of abdomen, lower part of vent, and undertail-coverts White. Sides of neck and breast shining-green. Flanks golden- green. Bill and size like the male. This species is closely allied to U. niveipectus from which it can be easily distinguished by the color of mandible. 116. URANOMITRA MILLERI, Bourc. P. Z.S., 1847, p. 43. Bogota, Columbia. 117. AGYRTRIA TERPNA, Hein. Journ. ftir. Ornith., 1863, p. 184. Bogota, Columbia. 118*. AGYRTRIA aPicaLis, Gould. Int. Troch., 1861, p. 154. Columbia. 119. AGYRTRIA CŒRULEICEPS, Gould. P. Z. S., 1860, p. 307. Columbia ? Having studied with much care, the unique type of this Species, in the British Museum. I have come to the conclusion that it is only a young male of Chrysuronia josephine. The Humming Bird. . 83 120. CHRYSURONIA ÆNONE LONGIROSTRIS, Berlepsch. Krit Web., 1888, p. 20. Bogota, Columbia. 121. CHRYSURONIA ELICIÆ, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon, 1846, t. IX, p. 314. Veragua, Columbia. 422. POLYTMUS THAUMANTIAS, L. Syst. Nat., 1766, vol. I, p. 489. Bogota, Columbia. 193. DoLEROMYA FALLAX, Bourc. Ann. Se. Phys., Lyon, 1843, t. VI, p. 44. Santa-Marta, Columbia. 124. PHÆTHORNIS PANAMENSIS, Nl. Sp. Panama and Veragua, Columbia. Male. — Head brownish-black. Upperside golden-green pas- sing to golden-rufous on rump and uppertail-coverts, each feather margined with brownish-black, the rufous of undertail- coverts very apparent. Tail bronze at base, then black with deep buff tips on lateral and outermost rectrices, tips of median white. Wings purplish brown. Gular stripe deep buff margi- ned with brownish-black and passing to grayish white on breast. Stripe over the eye and line from end of maxilla passing under the eyes and ear-coverts deep buff. Ear coverts black. Sides of throat, breast and upper part of abdomen and flanks, bronzy-gray, passing to whitish in the centre of abdomen. Lower part of abdomen flanks and undertail-coverts buff. Maxilla black. Mandible flesh colour with black tip. Total length, 5 + in. Wings, 25 Tail, 3. Culmen, 1 4 I discovered this species at Panama, January 1877. I have also some specimens collected at Agua Dulce, Veragua. 125. PHÆTHORNIS LONGIROSTRIS, Less and Del. Echo du Monde Savant, 1843, p. 1070. Panama, Columbia. 126. PHÆTHORNIS CONSOBRINUS, Bourc. M.S. Reich. Aufz. der. Col., 4833, p. 14. Bogota, Columbia. 127. PHÆTHORNIS SYRMATOPHORUS, Gould. Contr. Ornith., 1851, . 139. — Phethornis columbianus, Boucard, Hum. Bird, 189! ; vol. I, p. 17. Bogota, Columbia. 128. PHÆTHORNIS ANTHOPHILUS. Boure. Rev. Zool., 1843, p.44 Bogota, Columbia. 142. 143. 144. The Humming Bird. . PHÆTHORNIS HISPIDUS, Gould. P.Z.S., 1846, p. 90. Bogota, Columbia. . TOXATEUCHES EMILIÆ, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon, 1846, p. 47. Veragua, Bogota, Columbia. . ANISOTERUS PRETRII, Less. and Del. Rev. Zool., 1839, pa20ey Bogota, Columbia. Z, ANISOTERUS AUGUSTI, Bourc. Ann. Sc. Phys., Lyon, 1847, vol. I, p. 623. Bogota, Columbia. . EREMITA GRISEIGULARIS, Gould. P.Z.S., 1851, p. 115. Bogota, Columbia, . EREMITA STRIIGULARIS, Gould, Mon. Troch,, vol. I, p. 97. Bogota, Columbia. . EREMITA ADOLPHI, Gould. Mon. Troch., vol. I, p. 35. Veragua, aid Panama, Columbia. . EUTOXERES AQuILA, Bourc. P. Z. 8., 1847, p. 42. — Huto- æeres salvini, Gould. Ann. and. Nat. Hist., 1868, t. I, p. 406. Veragua and Bogota, Columbia. . ANDRODON ÆQUATORIALIS, Gould. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1863, p. 247. Antioquia, Columbia. . THRENETES CERVINICAUDA, Gould. P.Z.S., 1854, p. 109. Bogota, Columbia. . THRENETES RUCKERI, Bourc. P.Z.S., 1847, p. 146. Veragua, Columbia. . GLAUCIS ÆANÆA, Lawr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1867, p. 232. Bogota, Columbia. . CHALYBURA BUFFONI, Less. Troch., 1831, p, 34. Bogota, Columbia. CHALYBURA ZÆNEICAUDA, Lawr. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil 4865 hp) ao: Valencia, Columbia. CHALYBURA CÆRULEIVENTRIS, Reich. Aufz. der Colib., 1853, p. 10. Bogota, Columbia. CHALYBURA MELANORHOA, Salv. P.Z.$., 1864, p. 585 Veragua, Columbia. The Humming Bird. | 85 CHALYBURA ISAURÆ, Gould. P.Z.S., 1861, p. 199. Veragua, Columbia. . CHALYBURA UROCHRYSEA, Gould. P.Z.S., 1861, p. 198. Panama, Columbia. . LAMPORNIS VIOLICAUDA, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. Mou., t. 1V, p. 55. — Lampornis nigricollis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict» Histo Nat.; 1847, vol; Vil, p 349: Bogota, Columbia. . LAMPORNIS HENDERSONI, Cory Auk., 1887, t. IV. p. 177. Old Providence Isl, Golumbia. . LAMPORNIS VERAGUENSIS, Gould. Mon. Troch., vol. II, p. 76 Veragua and Panama, Columbia. . FLORISUGA MELLIVORA, L. Syst. Nat., 1766, vol. I, p. 193. Bogota. Columbia. . MELANOTROCHILUS FUSCUS, Pr. Max. Reis. Braz., Vol. I, p. 366. Bogota. Columbia. . LA FRESNAYA FLAVICAUDATA, Fraz. P. Z. 8., 1840, p. 18. Bogota, Columbia. . LA FRESNAYA CINEREO-RUFA, Boucard. Hum.-Bird., 1891, voip 25: Bogota, Columbia. . LA FRESNAYA GAYI, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Sci Phys. et Nat. Lyon., 1846, t. IX, p. 325. Antioquia, Columbia. . PETASOPHORA GYANOTIS, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 104. Bogota, Columbia. . PETASOPHORA CABANISI, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N.-V., t. IX, p. 126. Veragua, Columbia. . PETASOPHORA ANAIS, Less. Troch., 1831, p. 146. Bogota, Columbia. . PETASOPHORA CORRUSCANS, Gould. P. Z. 8., 1846, p. 44. Bogota, Columbia. . PETASOPHORA RUBRIGULARIS, Elliot. Ibis., 1876, p. 405. Bogota, Columbia. . PETASOPHORA DELPHINÆ, Less. Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 44. Veragua and Bogota, Columbia. . HELIOTHRIX AURITUS, Gmel. Syst. Nat., 1788, vol. I, p. 493 Bogota, Columbia. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. The Humming Bird. . HELIOTHRIX BARROTI, Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 72. Bogota, Columbia. . HELIOTHRIX VIOLIFRONS, Gould. Int. Troch., 1861, p. 122. Veragua, Columbia. . SCHISTES GEFFROYI, Bourc. and. Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon, 1843, t. IV, p. 37. Bogota, Columbia. . SÆPIOPTERUS LAZULUS, Vieill. Tabl. Encycl., part: II, Di pop: Bogota, Columbia. SÆPIOPTERUS PHAINOPEPLUS, Salv. and Godm. Ibis., 1879, p.-202. Sierra-Neveda of Santa-Marta, Columbia. SÆPIOPTERUS HEMILEUCURUS, Licht. Preiz. Verz. Mex. Thier., 1853, n° 33. Veragua, Columbia. CAMPYLOPTERUS CUVIERI. Del. and Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 345 Veragua and Panama, Columbia. HEMISTEPHANIA LUDOVICIÆ, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agr., Lyon,1847, p. 136. Bogota, Columbia. HEMISTEPHANIA VERAGUENSIS, Salv. P. Z. 8., 1867, p. 154. Veragua, Columbia. . HEMISTEPHANIA JOHANNA, Bourc. P. Z.8., 1847, p. 45. — Doryfera euphrosinæ , Muls. and Verr. Ann. Soc. Linn., Lyon, 1870-71, t. XXVIII, p. 319. Bogota, Columbia. . HELIOMASTER LONGIROSTRIS, Vieill. Ois. Dor., 1802, t. I, p. 107. Bogota, Columbia. . HELIOMASTER PALLIDICEPS, Gould. P. Z.S., 1871, p. 504. Veragua and Panama, Columbia. . PTÉROPHANES TEMMINCKH, Boiss. Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 354. Bogota, Columbia. . DOCIMASTES ENSIFERUS, Boiss. Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 354. Bogota, Columbia. . BOURCIERIA PRUNELLI, Bourc. and Muls. Ann. Soc. Agri., Lyon, 1843, p. 36. — Bourcieria assimilis, Elliot. Ibis, 1876, p. 56. 7. BOoURCIERIA PURPUREA, Gould. Mon. Troch., vol. IV, p.256. ‘Bogota, Columbia. The Humming Bird. 87 178. DORE WILSONI, Delat. and Bourc. Rev Zool., 1846, p. 305. Juntas, Columbia. 179. CŒLIGENA COLUMBIANA, Elliot. Ibis, 1876, p. 57. Bogota, Columbia. 180. HOMOPHANIA TORQUATA, Boiss. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 6. Bogota, Columbia. 181. HOMOPHANIA LAWRENCEI, n. sp. Bozota, Columbia. Male. — Crown metallic dark-green. Upperside dark bronzy- oreen, black in certain lights. Uppertail-coverts shining green. Median rectrices, bronze-green, lateral pale-buff with broad bronze-green tips. Wings purplish. Throat and sides of breast metallic dark green, most brillant. Breast pure white. Abdomen, and flanks dark bronzy-green, almost black. Undertail-coverts shining green, with base of feathers pale buff. Bill black. Feet flesh colour with black nails. Total length, 4%. in. Wing, 2 £. Tail,2. Culmen, 4 À. It comes close to H. insectivora, but can easily be distin- guished from that species by the colour of its retrices. I dedicate this magnificent species to Mr Lawrence, the cele- brated American Ornithologist. 152. Euposra TRAVIESI, Muls and Verr. Ann. Soc. Linn., Lyon, 1866, p. 25. Bogota, Columbia. 183. HyPocHRYSIA BONAPARTEI, Boiss. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 6. Bogota, Columbia. 184. HYPOCHRYSIA HELIANTHEA, Less. Rev. Zool., 1838, p, 314. Bogota, Coiumbia. 185. ete LUTETIÆ, Delat. and Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 307. VOLCAN PURACÉ, POPAYAN AND Bogota, COLOMBIA. In all 486 species, and probably many more will be found, when all the valleys and mountains of this wonderful country will be thoroughly explored. I do not thinkthat any other country in America will ever sur- pass it. I possess all the species except those marked thus : * A. B. 88 The Humming Bird. CHICAGO EXPOSITION More than one thousand men are now at work on the mammoth Manufactures building for the world’s Fair. The force was recently doubled by order of the Exposition autho- rities, who concluded that the contractor was not making as rapid progress as was desirable. The authorities are deter- mined that all of the buildings shall be completed in time for dedication in October, and the public may be assured that this will be done. The total number of workmen at Jackson Park now exceeds 7.000. It will probably be increased to 10,000 or more. A group of Caribs from the Lesser Antilles, descendants of the cannibal race discovered by Columbus on his second voyage, will be atthe World’s Fair, engaged in making baskets and in other native industries. « We were overwhelmed with the magnitude of the prepara- tions for the World’s Fair. Yes, it is on a much grander scale than was the world’s fair in Paris. We must admit it * * * Of course, I cannot give anything like definite figures, but the com- mercial display alone which France wil make will not fall short of $ 20,000,000 in value. We will have over here an exhibit of everything the country of France produces.» These are the words of baron Alfred de Vialar, one of the three special French commissioners, who recently visited Chicago to arrange for the erection of the French building at the Fair. The American Ostrich Company has sent to Chicago for exhibition at the World’s Fair thirty birds from its ostrich farm at Fall Brook, San-Diego county, California. The ostriches have been sent on thus early in order that they may become thoroughly acclimated by the time the Fair opens and appear at their best. It is reported that King Alexander of Servia has decided to visit the World’s Fair next year. He is sixteen years old and son of the much talked of ex-King Milan and ex-Queen Natalie. Again the cable has announced that Emperor William of Germany has decided to visit the World’s Fair at Chicago next year. This time the Allgemine Zeitung, a leading paper of Munich, furnishes the information, and claims that it is authentic. Yacht clubs and yacht owners, both on the lakes and seacoast, are to be invited to be represented at Chicago by their boats during the World’s Fair. The invitations are to be offi- cial, and willbe accompanied by detailed information concer- ning the depth of water in the various canals, the size of locks, etc. Itis believed that several hundred yachts will accept this invitation. CARS RÉ TU SNA de “Naturalists” Levier 295, High Holborn, London, W. 0. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, etc., etc. Bicarbolic Acid.., ... ... quart 2/- steel Pinsforsetting Butterfl. 4/- per 1000 Rectified Benzoline,.. .. ,, 2/- Setting Boards... ... . 1 to 2/- each Boucard’s Insecticide ... Ib. 4/- Butterfly Nets complete “from 1/6 to 5/- Ammonia 4/- Sweeping and water Nets: =. ;,: 276 Collecting corked box from 1 to ÿ/-each | Cork in Sheets … ... ., 3/- doz. Pocket corked box... ... from 2/- Magnifying Glasses... ,, A/- to 5- Corked box for Maseums 24/- doz. | Hammers... ... aN 5, 1/6 to 5/- — — and glazed, her | Naphthaline ia ., 4/-per |b. make., 36/- Botanical grey paper ... ,, 6/-ream Larger sizes can bes supplied. Folding Umbrella for collec- Botanical box . . from 2/6 to 6/- each tine Insects ... Cats ga T0 Pin box, for 12 arosses of diffe- Steel Perforator for making rent sizes … 41/6- hol2s in e38s À se A7 Pin box, with 1 000 pins .. PUES YE: Cutting Pliers. are LADITE Sea Compass . from 2]- to 50/- Flat... De ee re Poke Collecting bottles with large Arsenical Soap.. à ,, 2/ per Ib opening. from. 6 d. Glass Tubes for small insects Boucard’s tin collecting box, with and shells ... me KL. SNS do two partitions... ... 2/- Pill boxes for ditto ... ..,, 4/-gross Straight Scissors.. ... from. 2/- Flax.. = k … ,, 6d.perlb Curved RE EME à Cotton wadding, per sheet... ,, 6d. Taxidermist Knives Rae 0 dt Fishing rods with accessories ,, 2/- MOMS TE OTCEDS - 412° ee sn eral Dredge for collect. shells, etc. ., 40/- Small é ap tertiene vxahiaiee A FE Taxidermists case, containing Tasects: Nippers.7. eke 3h AB 1 Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives Sieve Bs sorte toy he 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, Blowpipe for cleaning ess SPORE E 4 Hammer,1 pair of For- Digger oie Chg ree ae ay te = Cb. = ceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimiets, Folding ditto. .. ., 6/- etc. Complete... from 12/- to 40/- Insect Pins, English, French Shell-emptying with handle, from 1/- or German ... from 1/6 per 1000 All other utensils for Naturalistes can be had at a short notice, by ordering at the NaturALists’ AGENCY. STANDS, NEW STYLE. No, 4. For Humming birds and Small birds Be ... at 20s per hundred >, 2 5, Small birds up to Tanagers ... = ie 5 248 ty 5) 3 3, Tanagers up to Magpies... sd », 28S ad AS ARTE Magpies up to Crows or Small Hawks RITES a 5» J» ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls ..: , 405 as ARTIFICIAL EYES. Black - Coloured Cornered poner. per gross. er doz. pairs. er doz. pairs. N°. 4 to Es 6d 1s 6d no. 4 to et 3s eal 4s 6d ad See 200 2s 6d Sek ES. : 5s 0d 6s 0d tea AOS Od 43 0d ds 9 6s 0d 8s 0d à 11 2s 0d 5s 6d ie ipa | 7s 0d 9s Od . pre 2 2s 3d 7s 0d Fe il 8s Od 10s 0d à 13 25 6d 10s 0d omnes £ 9s Od 11s 0d doz. of pairs + 14 3s 0d~ 1s 6d s; 13 10s 0d 43s 0d divers ia: 88-60 2s 6d seen 41s 0d 13s Od a 16 4s Od 2e 6d $3 45 43s 04 15s dd SE 8s 0d 3s Od Larger size can be made rf 18 42s 0d 4s Od . to order. ELLE Se ES eS SS EE SSS N° 1 to 4 are good for Humming Birds and others up to thesize of Tanagers. No 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. Ne 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No 41 to 12 Pheasants, elc. No 43 to Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc. SSS SS SEGA ES RS SE ES Ethnological Specimens and Curious from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New-Guinea, Mexico, Central America, etc., etc., at very reasonable prices. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. __ Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23 speci- ~ ragens at 5 s. each. LIST oF BIRD SKINS AND INSECTS | AT NATURALISTS’ AGENCY 225, High Holborn, London, W. C. a a WHOLESALE PRICE (ior cash only) Yellow Bird of Paradise, at 20shil. each | Black Velvet with golden, orange Red Es 2% Br a ae ze rump. ALTER eighteen pence. Palle: bird: 4 tee sor | Pie “3 With crimson romp. 2 shillings eneh 1 Long Tail Epimaque: : ,,°25~,, i Large Bee Eaters . . eighteen pence eh Prince: Regent. .-.°. >. pe) Re SS ef Hoopers re hee Shhillie, 7 King Bird of Paradise ,, 4 ,, à COS AN Davesrs eighten pence .. _Paradise Bird various, 2to 5 ,, ie Medium Owls. ...... 4 shilling Selected White Osprey Liat eee Gite css ee as Dre a PE skins (short). . . . . ARE aa ae le HAN Si as ag, et era sixpence each Pele red (short) ,, ae Pos, ef Coloured Finches... 4 shilling ,, Long white Osprey. . ,, 24 -,,perdoz | Blue Creepers... .. ten pence’ ,, Grey Heron... & 4 ,, each | Green _,, Prat 6g SER PENCery ae. Impeyan Pheasant. . 5 to 10 5 ne Swallows: LE LS ‘> threepence 7 Jungle Cocker. a DEN = Cock oftheRock.... 4 shillings ,.- Small BUS EE. ES 73 sf Indian Crow. ...., CSI LA Long Tail Frogan . .: ... 16 to 20 Alpine Crow Te. 2 os “44 Short …,, PA ek ee NE ¥ Manakins various. . . sixpencetooneshiliing = Large. dacamiari ©: 0 eh ” Fly Catchers... ::. .. ‘thréepence. 2 Small ditton. . | BF is ee ER cs SParronves Meise. ow. EWoO pence: 10 Metallic Blue Merle . OP ne Titmouse Ver SIXPÉRCÉ eee Lone “Tatil ditho i. 32407 RE Me a Large Birds various. . from sixp. ,, 9 Large SA GIE EE 4 shilling each | Medium oh kat hy ob IOTAIQUEG 4 ‘ Large and Medium Sea Small 7 ofr. ÉWODen 27400 Swallows A M MER a a .. | Swan Skin flat £6 6a) ANR ee tom Mastibia AL ee DNS ie Red-Macaw 22 0. De SE LEUR Red Partridge... 218 DES me Heron Necks... 2.5%. 41-2 ee ee Galiforiiva Quai 2). LEA, ts King Fisher: 2 CPE + 8 : pand.) (a, Sess DS ie each | Humm. Birds var. males. from sixpence each, LA JAN ne de. AA UE : — — females two pence. apt Woodpeckers... ee sixpence. 3; Long Tail ditto males. from 4 shilling — Metallic Starlings. . . . fourpence ,. | Blue Long Tail ditto . 5 hoe a ay oe ee Black and White Starl.. fourpence ;, Hire Tail ditto... . . OD See eee Red Tanger. 23: 72.5 {shilling ,, Blue Opale Butterflies fr. ‘three pence, = Orange 4: 4% s : ninepence i. Butterf. various . . from. three penses ie Beetles various, all Alors and sizes, As 4 shillings per thousand: JUST'ARRIVED > = =). 332 One fine stuffed specimen of Polar eran one te gorilla te with skeleton, several specimens of Propithecus coronatus, cocquerel: ; Lemur rufus, and. many other species ; Argusianus grayi; Semioptera gouldi : Paradisea augusta-vic- — torie, and many other species of Paradise birds ; Calyptomena whiteheadi; Cha- mueleon verrucosus ; Hippocephalus armatus ; Manticora her culeana, and Sicheli ; if Morpho godarti and octavia, and many other rare species of Mammal and Bird skins, Reptiles, Insects, etc., etc. SPRL a eh LE a mm © © © 2 2 Mit}. FALL DUUSKEZ, Auë ue Luce, 9, Lours. : RE Vor. IL., N° 10. OCTOBER 1892. [PRICE ee, a ; The Humming ira | | A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC AND. INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY A. BOUCARD © Annual Subscription : United Kingdom, Europe, N. America and Canadu, 5 shillings. Mexico, Central and South America and West Indies, 6 shillings. fe All other countries, 7 shillings. _ Back Numbers, One Shilling. — Vol. I, complete, Ten Shillings. Only a few copies to dispose of. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS — Whole Page, 40 s. Half-Page, 22s. Quarter-Page, 135, : _ Lowest charge, 3s. 6 d. up to five lines, and 6 d. per line extra. Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contract. BOUCARD, POTTIER & C0. Maturalists and Feather Merchants, 295, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND Messrs BOUCARD, POTTIER aad Co offer to sell on commission all kinds of objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Birds, Skins, Skele- to&s, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in | papers; Marine, Fresh Water and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crastaceæ and Arachnid in spirit; Ethnological collections from al! parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists ; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused; Curious of all sorts; Pictures and Works of Arts, etc., etc.,etc. : - All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting _ Messrs Boucard, Pottier and C°, who having a large connection with Amateurs _ in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. IN STOCK. _ About 6,000 species of Birds, 50,000 of species Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, Mammal Skins, from New-Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc., Land, Fresh Water, and Marine Shells, a large number of speci’s ; Reptiles and Fishes — iu spirit; Crustacee, dried and in spirit; [Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED CONSTANTLY FROM ALL PARTS OF. THE WORLD. | | FOR SALE. A very fine collectiou of Shells, especially rich in Lanp Sueccs, and con- ‘taining many types aud new species, about 40,000 sp:cimens. For Price, etc., apply at 225, High HozBorn, Lonpon, W. C. POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE. / à A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For Prices, etc., apply to Naruratisrs’ AGENCY, 225, High Hotsorn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have been added since the last 2U years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet. or envelope, especially Colonials and old German States; Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes; Old unused English and Colonials; Old Works on Stamps. ; Proofs of Stamps, ete., etc. r= TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight. SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN-REMO The celebrated Winter Résort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. Three Villas, known as Villa Maria Luigia, and Villas Rondo: the first one, detached with a beautiful garden of 2,000 métres; the last, semi-detached with front and back gardens. Villa Maria Luigia consists of three floors, with Her fine rooms, offices, kitchen, etc. Teu of tae rooms are full south, facing , the sea. Villa Rondo n° 25, corso Garibaldi, consists of two floors, with nine rooms, kitchen, office and cellar. No 27 has two kitchens and two more rooms on the underground floor, Villa Varia Luigia and Villa Rondo n° 25, the smallest, are actually let unfur- nished, 3,800 francs per annum, for several years. — Villa Rondo n° 27, is worth 1,200 francs. When let furnished, they produce about £ 400 per annum. ’ All applications to be made at 225, High Holborn, London, W. C. (England), where photographies of the Villas cau be seen, | Al The Humming Pird. 89 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Christopher Colonus, not Columbus, although I shall con- tinue to call him so, as being universally known under that name, was born in Arbizolo, a village near Savona, large town belonging to Genoa, and well known by all tourists going from the Riviera to Genoa or to Turin. His father was a fisherman. Peter Bezarus Colonus, his countryman, gives unquestionable proofs of his mean pedigree, saying amongst other things: that the Common Wealth of Genoa refused to receive the great legacy, which Goronus left them in his will; because they thought it a derogation ta their honour being, so great a Republic, to take anything of bequest from a fisherman’s son. Yet His Majesty of Castille thought otherwise, not only enriching him with wealth, and a fair revenue for his dis- covery of America; but also raised him to great honour, ennobling him, the first of his family, with Dignities, Titles, and Escutcheon, which ranked him in place among his prime Nobility. Columbus spent his youth near the sea, where he studied the winds, considering their natures, the quarters whence they rose, especially with the setting of the current from the Atlantica to the Mediterranea. The Western winds, which often as well as the Eastern ones, blow several days trom the great Ocean gave him hints that there might be another World, and new places to be discovered beyond. He also spent much time in the emendations of charts and maps. At that time, the Portuguese had got the start in navigation from all others, and were busy to find a passage by South Africa to the East Indies, and Columbus sailed with them. soon after his return, Columbus settled in the island of Ma- dera, where an accident happened, which Francis Lopez de Gomesa relates thus : « The Master of a ship, whose name and country lies buried in oblivion; but which belonged either to Spain or Portugal, was surprised by a tremendous tempest from the East, which hurried him through dreadful waves, where at last he found himself engaged upon a wes- tern coast altogether unknown. The storm ceasing, without making further discoveries, he picked his way homeward, at last landing in the haven of Madera. All his remaining crew, but three and himself, with hardship want, and the long voyage, having died, and himself dangerously ill was carried into the house of Columbus, where Iving on his death-bed, he bequeathed to him his maps, journals, and other observations of this unfortunate voyage. » # 90 The Humming Bird. Columbus, being by these papers, more confirmed than ever in his opinion of a new world in the West, declared what he really believed to the Republic of Genoa; but they looked upon him as a vain and idle fellow; yet Columbus full of his great pro,ect, thus flighted and scornfully rejected. addressed himself to the King of Portugal, where they wearied him, spending long time with dilatory answers to no effect, the opinion of a whole court of expert navigators having cast his declaration out as a chimera or mere fancy. Soon after, Columbus sent his brother to England to move the business to King Henry the Seventh, he being taken pri- soner by the way, which prevented him to arrive in time to the English Court. For meanwhile, Ferdinando and Isabella, Kings of Castille, having finished the war with the Moors, had furnished him out for the expedition, which he effected by the favour of Alfonso Mendotio and Alfonso Quintavilia, both great Ministers of State under Ferdinand and Isabel, and obtained so much, at last, that he was sent with a hun- dred and twenty soldiers, besides seamen, in two ships and one pinnace. Thus supplied, he set sail from Cadiz upon the King’s account, the fourth of August 1492, and first reac hed the Canary islands, and from thence steering southwest, the wind in thirty three days scarce varying one point; but although the weather blew so constant, yet the seamen changed their mind, and stormed quite contrary crying, that Colombus was guilty of all their deaths, « for, said they, after they had lost sight of the Canaries so many days, nothing appearing but sea and sky. « Who can hope for any success or huppy conclusion of so desperate a voyage, so rashly under- taken and so full of eminent danger. » Yet Columbus bore bravely up and weathered all their exclamations, although they threatened no less than his murder. At last, articling they came to this agrement. That if after sailing forwards three days more, no land was discovered, they should retura. But about two o’clock the next night, Columbus saw a glimmering like fire in the sky and in the morning found himself close aboard a most pleasant coast, where landing with twelve men, he erected a cross cut out of a tree. Thence hes ailed over to Cuba where the sea was so rough that he was forced to stand off, fearing rocks and shallow water. Soon after, he got to the northward of the island Hayti which he called Hispaniola. Here his best ship was bulged upon a rock on which they had all perished, had it not been flat on the top, so that the soldiers and the whole crew of seamen were saved by the other two vessels. The inhabitants stark naked seeing these strangers, fled to the woods ; but the Spaniards overtaking a woman, they entertained her with sweetmeats and wine, and putting her on, a white shirt, sent her again to the rest of the natives, The Humming Bird. 91 where returned, she told what good entertainment she had had to her companions; whereupon several of the Islanders came aboard of the vessels, in boats made of one piece of wood, where they bartered gold for beads, pieces of glass, knives, shells and other trifles. The King of Guacanarilla gave testimony of peculiar inclination to the Spaniards, hel- ping them to save up the remaining goods of the wreck, and informed them that some rivers flowing from the tops of high mountains washed down the gold amongst the sand, notwisthtanding a strange prophecy had been told to these Islanders, namely : that bearded men out of remote countries should destroy their Gods, take their land, and massacre their children. He also told them what made them fly and betake them to their heels at their arrival, because they were often- times surprised by the Cannibals, who snatched up all they could lay hold on: their boys and siripplings they gelded, cooping and cramming them up, as we our capons, for feast; the young and well grown men, they chopped to pieces, salted and barrelled up. Young women they pre- served for breed, and old ones they made slaves. These Cannibals were so terrible to the inhabitants of Hay/i, that a thousand dared not venture to engage against ten of them, but would run every way dispersed like flocks of sheep before the wolf. Lastly their King permitted the Spaniards to build a lodge wherein thirty or forty of them might shelter ; but indeed, so taking possession, in rtgkt of the King of Spain. Meanwhile, Columbus returned in safety to Spain,and was received with great joy, King Ferdinand making him Ad- miral of the Sea, and sending his brother Bartholomew, Go- vernor to Hayti. The gold, parrots, aloes, yucca, and other products of the island were looked upon with great delight and admiration, but two of the natives being naked, with gold rings through their nose and ears,ornaments with them of high esteem, and signifying their no mean quality, the people old and young came in throngs to wonder at, never weary of gazing upon them} and so ended the first voyage of Columbus, resulting in the discovery of America. In September 1493, Columbus undertook his second voyage and discovered the Carribean Islands, some of which he cal- led Dominica, Guadalupe, Monseratto Redondo, San-Martin, Santa-Cruz, San-Juan, Jamaica and Cuba. He returned to Spain in March 1495. Early in 1495, he sailed for the third time, and discovered Paria, the actual Para, and Cumana. On the ninth of May 1504, he sailed from Spain for the fourth time, and discovered the Islands of Guamiza and Veragua, probably what we know now, as the Bocas del Toro. Shortly after, he returned to Spain, where he died the 8th of May 1506. 99 The Humming Bird. This notice on Christopher Columbus, was extracted from O’Gilby’s America, published in London, 1671. (The Editor.) Thence it is exactly four hundred years that America was rediscovered by Columbus, and what do we see. That a Con- tinent entirely unknown to the Europeans at that time has developed in such a wonderful manner that its actual popu- lation exceeds one hundred millions of inhabitants, and before the end of another century it will probably reach several hundred of millions; and what is more extraordinary still, is that all the races of manking are represented more or less in that grand Continent, and by intermixture between themselves are creating several new races of men, quite easy to distinguish at once from their original stock, new races full of vigour, enterprising, and anxious to show their vitality to the old World. Honour and glory to the immortal CurisTOPHER COLUMBUS, who has achieved such a successful discovery, under the gui- dance of THE ALMIGHTY ! it FESTIVITIES AND EXHIBITIONS Held in honour of CurisToPHER COLUMBUS, 7m AMERICA, SPAIN, Iraty and France. His Hotness Pore LEON XIII has sent to the Madrid Exhibi- tion, held in honour of Christopher Columbus, the two cele- brated Maps belonging to Borgia Museum, and dating from the time of the discovery of America, and probably they will be sent afterwards to Chicago. It will be the first time that the Scientists and Historians will be able to consult these precious and invaluable documents. They have been remitted, by order of the Pope, to the Honourable Count Chacon, Spanish Ambassador in Roma. On one of these maps can be seen the line delineated by PorE ALEXANDER VI, to put an end to the recriminations between Spain and Portugal. The second one is from Diego Ribero. It was published in 1529 and contains all the parts of the New World, known at that time. On the first of August, the SANTA-MariA, an exact repro- duction of the ship which carried Columbus and his followers to America, has anchored at Palos, the exact place where Christopher Colombus took bis departure. It was escorted to Huelva by seven Spanish vessels, two men of war, the The Humming Bird. 93 Hirondelle, the Amphion, and two English torpedo boats. Seventeen men of war were then anchored at Huelva. Those which remained at Cadix took their piaces at the mouth of the river Huelva and saluted the Santa-Maria, when coming out from Palos. Flags of all nations could be seen everywhere. It was a magnificent sight. The Santa-Maria will be exhibited at Chicago. On the fourth of August, a magnificent historical retinue representing the departure of Christopher Columbus for America, took place at Genoa, Flags and draperies where abundant in all the principal streets. The beginning of the festival was the remittance of the Admiral staff to Christopher Colombus, and the taking oath of the ship’s crew. More than 900 persons in dresses of the epoch formed part of the retinue, sailors, soldiers, pages, etc. It was a grand affair. On the eighth of September, the King and Queen of Italy arrived by sea at Genoa. On that day, there was a great festival at the theatre. On the ninth, Their Majesties visited the exhibition, and in the evening the Municipality gave a ball. On the tenth, Their Majesties gave a dinner followed by a brillant reception. On the elevenih, a ball was given at Villa Raggio, Cor- nigliano. On the twelth, their Majesties visited the principal buil- dings and the Chief Commanders of the foreign squadrons assisting to the festivals. On the seventh of August, there was a commemorative festival made in Rome in honour of Christopher Columbus. Several catholic Societies with flags and banners have been to Pincio Square and deposed crowns round the bust of the greet Christian Navigator. The flag of the Society la Romina had the following inscription : « Tue Carsottc Roma to CurisTOPpHER COLOMBUS, and was carried at the front of the retinue. It was a great manifestation. The Geographical Congress will take place this year, first in Genoa, and from that place the members will sail to Spain, so as to reach Huelva on the tweltfh of October, date of the celebration of the anniversary of the discovery of America. The Honourable Duke of Mandas, the Spanish Am- bassador in Paris, has taken under his high patronage the expedition of the members of the Congress to Huelva. 94 The Humming Bird. In the National Library of Paris, there is a special exhibi- tion of Maps, Plans and Geographical documents of the sixteenth century. It contains maps on which can be seen an imaginary continent uniting America to India, as supposed by Christopher Columbus. In the maritime Maps, which have been used by french Navigators, are marked the areas of wind by which these intrepid sailors measured their course. Their rudimentary procedures, as rough, as their imperfect ships, are sure to produce in the mind of visitors a deep adm iration for these men, who undertook these voyages of discoveries. This Exhibition is installed on the first floor of the Library, in the geographical Section. It will remain opened to the public, until the end of October next. On the thirtieth of August last, was launched at Barcelona the ship Nina, constructed at the expense of the United- States Government for the celebration of the Columbian fes- tivals at Chicago. The launching was done with great cere- mony. The Bishop of Barcelona has blessed the ship, ana the American squadron has saluted the launching with the national Spanish and American anthems. The ship has replied by arboring the Spanish flag. There was an immense crowd assisting to the launching, which was very successful. It is aow on its way to Chicago. The inauguration of the Cmicaco Exposition will be done in a wonderful manner. The venerable MArgusss of VERAGUA, the direct descendant of Christopher Columbus, to whom has been attributed the honour of presiding the Opening of the Exposition, not being able to go to Chicago, in conse- quence of his old age, will give the signal from his own man- sion in Madrid. At a fixed hour, in his appartment, he will touch an elec- tric knob, which by the submarine cable will transmit the current to Chicago, and will put in motion all the machines al the Exposition. The effect will be magical. CAPTAIN ANDRÉWS, who, on July 20th last, set sail alone from Atlantic City, New-Jersey, in a small boat only 15 feet. long, arrived at Lisbon safely late on Wednesday night. He intends to proceetl to Huelva in order to attend the Columbus celebrations at that port. The United Congress of the United-States has just decided that the Oficial Opening of the Chicago Exhibition will take place, not the twelfth of October, as previously stated, bu The Humming Bird. 95 the 21% of this year, Christopher Columbus having set foot on American soil, the twelfth of October 1492, of the Julian Calendar date, which correspond to the 21'» of October of the Gregorian Galendar. PROGRAMME Or CEREMONIES ATTENDING THE DEDICATION OF THE BUILDINGS OF THE Wortp’s COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION OcToBer 20, 21, 22, 1892, Carcaco, Ill,. — U. S. A. When the Congress of the United-States authorized the commemoration of the Four Hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by an International Exposition to be held in Chicago during thesummer of 1893, it also provided that the Exposition buildings should be dedicated on tbe twelfth day of October 1892, with « appropriate ceremonies ». Subsequently, by act of Congress, this date was changed to October 21 1892. Aside from the international interest in this fitting prelude to the magnificent picture of the world’s progress that will be presented in 1893, this dedicatory service will furnish an opportunity for the world to behold the extent of the prepa- rations which are being made for the Exposition. The task of preparing a programme of ceremonies which will appropriately herald the greater spectacle commemora- ting the discovery, development and progress of the New World, has been a work involving great care and the consi- deration of many difficulties. The following programme of the dedicatory exercices and incidents connected therewith is submitted as the result of this thought and purpose : The evening of Wednesday. October nineteenth, a grand reception will be tendered the President of the United- States, his cabinet and other distinguished guests at the Audi- torium. After the close of the ceremonies on each of the three succeeding evenings, there will be magnificent pyro- technic displays. THURSDAY, OCTOBER TWENTIETH THE CIVIG CELEBRATION The first day will witness an imposing procession, indica- live of peace, contentment and prosperity, participated in by civic organizations, which will be reviewed by the Presi- dent of the United-Stades, his cabinet, the Congress and other honored guests. In the evening, at Jackson Park, amid myriads of electric 96 The Humming Bird. lights and other displays, a water pageant, « The Procession of the Centuries », will move through the beautiful water- ways of the Exposition grounds, illustrating with beauty and historic accuracy some of the great facts of history con- nected with the discovery of America, such as the condition of this country prior to the landing of Columbus; striking events in the life of the great discoverer; important epochs in American history and the world’s progress in civilisation. The vessels upon which these tableaux will be represented vary from 40 to 53 feet in length, modeled after the naval architecture of the period represented ; for example, « Colum- bus before the Court of Spain », will be represented upona vessel modeled after the lines of the « Santa-Maria ». The following subjects will be illustrated : Ist. Aboriginal Age ; representing the American Indians. 2d. The Stone Age ; representing the Cliff Dwellers. 3rd. The Age of Metal; representing the Aztecs, their religious rites, manners and customs. 4th. Columbus at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella. 5th. Departure of Columbus from Palos. 6th. Discovery of America. 7th. Columbus before the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella, presenting natives, and the strange products of the new country. 8th. English Cavaliers and the settlement of Jamestown. 91h. Hendrick Hudson; discovery of the Hudson river; Dutch settlement of New-Amsterdam. 10th. Landing of the Pilgrims, and illustrations of early Puritan life. 1ith. Ferdinand de Soto; discovery of the Mississipi. 12th. The French explorers. Pierre Marquette, Chevalier La Salle, and the Northwest. 43th. Washington and his generals. 14th. Signing of the Declaration of Independence. 45th. Union of the colonies ; the thirteen original states ; the sisterhood of the Great Republic welcoming the terri- tories to the constellation of the states. 16th. « Westward the course of empire takes its way. » 17th. The genius of invention; application of steam, etc. 18th. Electricity and electrical appliances. 19th. War; representing valor, sacrifice, power, death, devastation. 20th. Peace; representing tranquillity, security, prospe- rity, happiness. 21st. Agriculture. 22nd. Mining. 23rd. Science, Art and Literature. 24th. The Universal brotherhood of man; equal rights,law of justice ; Liberty enlightening the world. The Humming Bird. 97 FRIDAY, OCTOBER TWENTY-FIRST DEDICATION DAY The National salute at sunrise will inaugurate the cere- monies of Dedication Day. The President of the United-States, his Cabinet, members of the Supreme Court, members of the Senate and House of Representatives, distinguished foreign guesls and governors of the different States and terri- tories with their oficial staffs, will be escorted by a guard of honor composed of troops of the United-States Army, detachments of the United-States naval forces, and regiments from the various state National Guards, to the Manufactures and Liberal Arts building, in which the dedicatory exercises will be held. At oneo’clock in the afternoon in this building, the fol- lowing dedicatory programme will be carried out under the direction of the Director-General : ist. Golumbian March. Written for the occasion by Prof. John K. Paine. 2d. Prayer by Bishop Charles H. Fowler, D.D. L.L.D., of California. 3d. Dedicatory Ode. Words by Miss Harriet Moroe, of Chicago ; music by G-.W. Chadwick, of Boston. Ath. Presentation of the master artists of the Exposition and their completed work, by the Chief of Construction. 5th. Report of the Director-General to the World’s Colum- bian Commission. ; 6th. Presentation of the buildings for dedication, by the President of the World’s Columbian. Exposition to the Pre- sident of the World’s Columbian Commission. 7th. Chorus. « The Heavens are Telling. » — Haydn. Sth. Presentation of the buildings for dedication, by the President of the World’s Columbian Commission to the Pre- sident of the United-States. 9th. Chorus. « In praise of God. » —- Beethoven. 10th. Dedication of the buildings by the President of the United States. 44th. Hallelujah chorus, from « The Messiah. » — Handel. 12th. Dedicatory oration, Hon. Wm C.-P. Breckinridge, Kentucky. 13th. « The Star Spangle Banner » and « Hail Columbia », with full chorus and orchestral accompaniment. 14th. Columbian oration, Chauncey M. Depew, New-York. 15th. National Salute. At the close of this programme, a special electric and pyrotechnic display will be given, with a repetition of « The Procession of the Centuries ». 98 The Humming Bird. SATURDAY, OCTOBER TWENTY-SECOND THE MILITARY CELEBRATION A series of military manœuvres and parades will constitute the main portion of the day’s programme. In the evening attraclive and appropriate celebrations will be provided, followed by a magnificent display of fireworks. A number of brillant social entertainments will be given by the cilizens of Chicago during the three evenings of the dedi- cation celebration. CHICAGO EXPOSITION FRUITS AND FLOWERS AT THE FAIR The horticultural display at the Exposition will surpass all previous ones, and will be beauti- ful beyonc description. The horticultural display at the World’s Fair will be bewil- dering in extent and marvelous in beauty. The exhibit will possess great scientific and educational value, but to the ordinary visitor its ornamental features will be the most striking. Indeed, it will play an important part in the adorn- ment of the great Exposition. While in almost every part of the Exposition grounds may be seen gratifying evidences of the very efficient work of the Horticultural Department, the central point of interest will naturally be in the exhibit in the Horticultural building. This structure is 998 feet long and has an extréme width of 250 feet. Its plan is a central pavilion with two end pavilions, each connected with it by front and rear curtains, forming two interior courts, each 88 by 270 feet. Surmounting the central pavilion is a beauli- fully proportioned dome, 187 feet in diameter and 113 feet high. | In the south pavilion of the building will be installed the viticultural exhibit, embracing all varieties of wine and every- thing pertaining to its manufacture. Anidea of how complete this part of the exhibit will be can be gained from the fact that applications fort space have already been received from thirty-three foreign countries. From abroad the exhibits of France, Germany, Spain and Italy will be especially notable. A fine exhibit of Chilean wines and raisins, famed for their superior quality, will be made. California will make a splendid display, all of the great firms being exhibitors and having applied for much more.space than can possibly be allowed The Humming Bird. 99 them. If permission, which has beenasked, be given, Senator Stanford wil exhibit a wine fountain. This, as planned, will throw, for two hours each morning and afternoon, graceful streams of wine to the height of 22 feet. In the rear curtains of the building willbe shown the fruit exhibit, which willinclude al! varieties grown in any part of the world. As far as it is possible to do so, probably in a great majority of cases, fine specimens of the naturel fruit will be shown. Otherwise wax models, so perfect in appea- rance as to be indistinguishable from the real fruit, will be substituted. For this exhibit about 44,000 square feet, or more than an entire acre of space, is reserved. A very com- plete and splendid exhibit of citrons and other fruits will be sent from California, Florida, Mexico and South American countries. By means of refrigerators ripe fruits can be sent long distances without injury, and after reaching the Fair cold storage facilities will be available to keep it in perfect condition. The exhibit in the inportant Jine of floriculture will be exceptionally extensive, and the preparation of it is far a:l- vanced. Unless, this were the case the exhibit could not well be a success, for time is required for the plants to overcome the check received in being transplanted. More than 501,000 transplanted shrubs and plants, of many species, are now growing in the exposition grounds and the number is rapidly increasing. The Department sent out circulars to prominent horticulturists and horticultural societies in all parts of the world, requesting donations of plants and agreeing to per- mit thename and address of the donors to appear in connec- tion with such specimens as they might send. The result is that thousands of plants, — excellent specimens, too, — have been forwarded. Among them are more than 50,00) rare rose plants, which have been donated by firms all the way from California to Hungary. The floricultural exhibit will not be concentrated in one place. In the front curtains of the building wil appear the greenhouse and hothouse plants,—a very large variely and many rare and beautiful specimens. There, too, will be the finest display of orchids ever seen in this country if not in the world. One firm alone will spend $ 40,000 on its orchid exhibit. At the opening of the Fair, Chief Samuels says, there will bea display of 2,000 different varieties of orchids, embracing fully 15,000 specimens. Beneath the great dome will be the largest tropical plants obtainable, inclu- ding Japanese and Chinese bamboos 75 to 80 feet high, palms 30 to 40 feet high, and tree ferns 15 feet or more in height. There will also be a miniature mountain covered with tropical plants and in a cave within will be tried the experiments ol growing plants by the aid of electric currents, passed 100 The Humming Bird. through the soil, both of which, it is claimed, have been ac- complished with remarkable results. The two courts of the Horticultural building will be filled with orange groves from California aud Florida, respecti- vely. In each there will be not less than 160 trees, each bearing about 200 bright, ripe oranges. Thus an interesting comparison may be made between the oranges of the two states as to size and flavor, etc. The courts will also contain growing specimens of lemons, limes, bananas, etc. California would like to make a much larger display than will be pos- sible, and applied for about fifty times as much space as could be assigned. It will occupy an acre on Midway Plaisance with a citrus exhipit. On the Plaisance too, five acres will be devoted to a nursery exhibit, and Wisconsin will show there a cranberry marsh. Six acres in front of the Horticul- tural building will be devoted to the floricultural exhibit, as will also space about many of the larger buildings. «The wooded island», or as more properly named, perhaps, the flowery island, will be one of the most beautiful and attractive spots at the Exposition. It embraces between 15 and 16 acres, and has been turned over almost enti- rely to the Horticultural Department for its exhibits. There, literally speaking, will be acres and acres of flowers of brightest and most varied hues and pleasing perfume. Little groves of trees, clumps of shrubbery and sinuous walks will relieve the gorgeous monotony of this floral display. On the north end of the island, Japan will build its strange, antique temple andsurround it with the choicest plants and flowers of the island realm of the Mikado. At various turns of the winding walks which thread this delightful domain of the flovers, the visitor will encounter artistic little structures of the summerhouse description, within which one may seal himself and enjoy rest and beauty and perfume. Many of these retreats, — 16 or 18 in number, — will have thatched roofs and be covered with growing vines, and otherwise orna- mented in keeping with their beautiful surroundings. In thenorth pavilion of the Horticultural building will be a very extensive display of vegetables, canned goods, horti- cultural appliances, etc. In the second story of each pavillon, will be a restaurant capable of seating about 200, and pro- fusely adorned with ferns, flovers and exotic plants. Outside will be a number of greenhouses, where visitors may see an exceptionally complete collection of tropical vegetation. There will also be large auxiliary greenhouses, not open to the general public, where plants will be brought to perfect exhibit condition, and where plants will be cared for, after their beauty season has passed. It may be rightly inferred that the Horticultural exhibit at the Exposition, will be {he most complete and extensive The Humming Bird. 101 ever made or attempted. It is certain to attract a great deal of attention and prove to be of great scientific and educa- tional interest. It will have important features not specified above, as, for example, a very complete collection of insects, both the injurious and the beneficial ones, whose operations affect the fruits and other products of the horticulturist. It is the intention to have in one place an exhibit of all of the species of plants mentionned in the Bible, and in others collections of almost equal historical interest. Both Chief Samuels, who has general charge of the Horti- cultural Department, and Chief Thorp, who looks after the floricultural division of the exhibit, have proved themselves to be the right men for their respective duties, and it is already assured that the display which, with the active and generous aid of horticulturists the world over, they will furnish, will be long and pleasantly remembered by every one who visits THE WORLD'S Fair. WORLD'S FAIR MUSIC It will be the finest which talent, good judgment, and money combined can supply. The fact that Theodore Thomas is musical director of the World’s Columbian Exposition, and that associated with him are William L. Tomlins and George H. Wilson, is assurance sufficient that music of the highest order, and an excellent programme will be provided. The best musical talent of the world will be drawn upon; fine halls will be provided ; and something like half a million dollars will be expended to make the musical features of the Exposition a success. Two of the halls or auditories will cost each $ 100,000, and g 175,0 00 has been set apart for an orchestra of 120 skilled musicians, who willbe drilled by Theodore Thomas. This orchestra will be the nucleus about which will be for- med the grand choruses. The Bureau of Music of the Exposition has issued the following outline of its plans, from which it will be seen that the plans are comprehensive and promise most grati- fying results : Recognizing the responsibility of his position, the mu- sical director groups all intended illustrations around two central ideas : 1. To make a complete showing to the world of musical progress in this country in all grades and department from the lowest to the highest ; 2. To bring before the people of the United-States a full illustration of music in its highest forms, as exemplified by the most enlightened nations of the world. 102 The Humming Bird. In order to carry out this conception of the unexampled opportunity now presented, three cooperative conditions are indispensable : «4. The hearty support of American musicians, araateurs and societies, for par icipation on great festival occasions of popular music and for the interpretation of the most advanced compositions, American and foreign; « 2. The presence at the Exposition of many of the repre- sentative musicians of the world, each to conduct perfor- mances of his own principal compositions and those of his countrymen, all upon ascale of the utmost completeness ; «3. A provision on the part of the Exposition authorities of the means necessary, for carrying out these plans in the erec- tion of the halls indispensable for successfull performances and in the engagement of solo artists, orchestras and bands. « Consideration of these three lines of inquiry has taken much time, but progress is sufficiently advanced to permit the Bureau of Music the following preliminary announce- ment : « The halls have been officially agreed upon and their cons- truction ordered. These will be advantageously situated within the Exposition grounds : « 1. A Recital Hall, fort quartet, concerts, etc., seating 500 people ; «2. A Music Hall, with accommodation for 120 players, 300 singers, and au audience of 2,000; «3. A Festival Hall, for performances upon the largest practicable scale with 200 players, 2,000 singers, and audience of 7,000. « The Music Hall will contain a fine concert organ, and in Festival Hall will be placed an organ for chorus support. « The appointed Commissioner to Europe who was sent to tender the invitation of the Exposition to the most dis- tinguished composers has returned with an encouraging report, which insures a series of international concerts unpre- cedented in point of scope and character. « The invitation of the Bureau to choral societies to co- operate because of their love of art and the pride they have n the opportunity the Exposition, will afford to show to thes iworld the artistic level of the United-States in music ha brought many assurances of support. In as much as it would be manifestly impossible for the same chorus to take part in all choral performances, this work will be divided among choral societies of the entire country. « The Musical Director assumes that thousands of singers and music lovers will visit the Expositionin any case, and that they will prefer to appear as contributors, thus conferring an importance upon their societies and their homes, not possible under any other circumstances. These forces being directed The Humming Bird. 103 and guided, as they must be, in combined effort, the neces- sary preparation for their appearance at the Exposition will afford intelligent direction to efforts that in some parts of the country, are now being wasted for want of a comman- ding object of work. « The entire range of the performance proposed may be seen from the following tentative classification : « First — Semi-weekly highgrade orchestral concerts in Music Hall. « Second — Semi-monthly high grade choral concerts in Music Hall. « Third—Six series of international concerts, choral and orchestral, each consisting of from four to six in Festival Hall and in Music Hall. « Fourth—Three series of three concerts each of oratorical festivals, by united American choral societies in Festival Hall. « Fifth—Concerts in Festival Hall under the auspices of German singing societies. « Sixth—Concerts in Festival Hall under the auspices of Swedish singing societies. « Seventh—Six series of popular miscellaneous festival con- certs by American singers. « Eighth—Twelve children’s concerts by Sunday-school, public school and especially organized children’s choruses. « Ninth—Chamber music concerts and organ recitals. « Tenth—Popular concerts of orchestral music, to be given daily in Choral Hall during the six months of the Exposition. « To successfully carry on such a series of performances as are outlined above, a large corps of musicians will be nee- ded, some of whom will be engaged for the entire period of the Exposition; others for single and series performances. « The complete success which the Musical Director seeks can be secured only by the loyal cooperation of individuals artists, large and small choral and instrumental societies and organized amateurs in general. Such cooperation he erneastly asks, and in subsequent papers to be issued by the Bureau, details of organization and appearance at the Exposition will be given. « Regarding the standard of performance to be observed in all departments of Exposition Music, the Musical Director holds that while co-operation is asked of all grades of attaint- ment every musical illustration there produced must be jus- tifiable upon artistic principles. That is to say, it must be what it honestly purports to be. « THEODORE THOMAS, « WILLIAM L. TOMLINS, « Approved : « GEORGE H. Witson. « GEORGE R. Davis, Director General. » 104 The Humming Bird. Baroness Burdett-Coutts, the celebrated philantrophist, who is at the head of the philanthropic section of the English Women’s Department in the World’s Fair, according to the London press, will cross the Atlantic to attend the Fair, and will read an original paper on the subject of women’s insti- tutions conducted by women. Mrs French-Sheldon, the intrepid African traveller, has applied for space for exhibiting at the World’s Fair the fine collection of curious and trophies she has gathered. From California is to be exhibited at the World’s Fair one of the famed huge redwood trees, or Sequoia gigantea. The one selected is 300 feet high and more than 30 feetin diameter at the base. A specially constructed train will be necessary to carry the monster across the continent. It is the intention to hollow the base into booths in which will be sold Cali fornia wines, fruils and curiosities made of polished redwood | It has been explained by Director General Davis and other World’s Fair officials, who are inclined to favor Sunday opening, that it is not the intention or desire that the Fair shall be opened on Sundays in the ‘‘wide” way in which it will be on week days. On the contrary, they would have the machinery stopped, all manufacturing processes at a stand- still, and every description of work by employes reduced toa minimum. Religious services and choral and other musical entertainments could be held in the numerous halls and auditoriums which the buildings will contain. The people could stroll through the park, viewing its resplendent beauties of nature and wonderful achievements of man’s handiwork ; could enter the buildings to enjoy the work of painter and sculptor, and to learn and profit from exhibils of innumerable description. Very few empioyes, comparati- vely, would be required to remain on duty on Sunday, and those chiefly for watchmen and guards. These would not be required to work seven days in the week. To care for the thousands of visitors at the Fair on Sunday, would not require more persons to work on that day than would be necessary were those same thousands to go elsewhere. Had it been understood from the beginning that the Sunday ope- ning of the Fair would be of the kind indicated, — orderly and educational, instead of noisy and demoralizing, — it is believed that the petitions and protests against a Sunday Fair would have been far less numerous. ; Naturalists Agency, 225, High Holborn, London, W.C. PRICE LIST of Utensils necessary for the collecting of i. Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, De, Shells, etc., etc. ~ Bicarbolic Acid... ... ... quart 2/- steel Pinsforsetting Butterfl. 4/- per 1000 ; " Rectified Benzoline... .. ,, 2/- Setting Boards... ... ... 1 to 2/- each -Boucard’s Insecticide ... Ib. 4/- Butterfly Nets complete from 1/6 to 5/- Ammonia 4]- Sweeping and water Nets ,, 2/6 Collecting corked box from {} to 5/-each | Cork in Sheets …. ... 1x1 91-407; i Pocket corked box... ... from 2/- Magnifying Glasses ... yd f- tobe | Corked box for Museums 24/- doz. | Hammers... ... fol ,, 1/6 to 5]- — and glazed, splendid Naphthaline ... bee ,, 4/-per |b. make.. + 36/- , Botanical grey paper ... ,, 6/-ream Larger sizes can be supplied. Folding Umbrella for collec- Botanical box .. . from 2/6 to 6/- each tine Insects ... RC Kil Pin box, for 12 grosses of diffe- Steel Perforator for making rent sizes id. AIG holas in eggs sok ,» L/- Pin box, with! 000 pins.. Hep VE Cutting Pliers. Rie “21 Sea Compass . from 2]- to 50/- Flat. 5 as (22/2 — Collecting bottles with large Arsenical Soap.. ,, 2/ per lb opentag. from. 6 d. Glass Tubes for small insects Boucard’s tin collecting box, with and shells ... dE 4:33 11-407: Sere. two partitions , <7 8... : -2]- Pill boxes for ditto ... 4, 4/-gross StraizghtScissors.. .... from. 2/- Flax.. 2 ... 45 6d.perlb - Curved ~,, au de DR ede Cotton wadding, | per sheet... 5 2002 _ Taxidermist Knives ea don ID Fishing rods with accessories ree Bee ONe OP OTCANS "57". 7, Sf Dredge for collect. shells, etc. ,, 40/- a Small SIP Dice ee Reg Te Taxidermist's case, containing meotnsects Nippers:.. 225. 44/6 1 Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives Sieve yates 73) 1 Lime, 4 Grater, 2 Pliers, x Blowpipe for cleaning ego BSA. 4, 2 4 Hammer.1 pair of For- Digger : 4 YR acy OT et = ceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimiets, 4 ‘Folding ditto … Pb etc. Complete. ... from 12/-to 0/- Insect Pins, English, French Shell-emptyiug with handle, from 1/- À or German … from 1/6 per 1000 à All other utensils for Naturalistes can be had at a short notice, by ordering at + the Naturatists’ AGENCY. FES A | £ STANDS, NEW STYLE. eS No. 1. For Humming birds and Small ‘birds ih … at 20s per hundred 2 one womall birds up to Tanagers ... ae He 5» 24S A DS 3. Tanagéts up to Magpies... AE 1. 288 2 ah ae See Magpies up to Crows or Small Ilawks ex TS Se » 0. ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls ... + 408. a Z ARTIFICIAL EYES. ‘ à Fg ornere Black Coloured Cornered done per gross. per doz. pairs. per doz. pairs. No. to 4 _6d {s 6d No, 4 to 6 3s 6d As 6d. De - Be Bil : 2s 6d ep EY EN à 5s 0d 6s 0d DG, AD As hd 43 0d Ne ge) 6s 0d 8s 0d MAS 11 2s 0d 5s 6d or 10 7s 0d 9s 04 Ss 42 2s 3d 7s Od fs if 8s Od 10s 0d ee 13 2s od ABS AVES 02 2 12 9s Od fis 0d ames doz. of pairs My ” 14 3s 0d 1s 6d 5 13 10s 0d 13s 0d D >. 15 3s 6d 2s 6d À 14 115 0d 13s 0d Beer AG 48H 2s 6d SiS oi A 13s 04 15s od | aa 17 8s 0d 3s 0d Larger size can be made tees gee Pasa 4s 0d to order. : "No 1 to 4 are good for Humming Birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. 3 FANS 5 .to, 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. af No 41 to12 Pheasants, etc. No 43 to Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc. ce Le > Ethnological Specimens and Curious from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New-Guinea, Mexico, Central America, ete., etc., at very reasonable prices. __ A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. - Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23 speci- mens at sl Ss. each. | BOUCARD, POTTIER & os si Maturalists and Seather Merchants, | 225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND __ Messrs BOUCARD, POTTIER aad Co offer to sell on commission all kinds of objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammaland Birds; Skins, Skele- tons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crastaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit; Ethnological collections from al! parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists ; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused; Curious of all sorts; Pictures and Works of Arts, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs Boucard, Pottier and C9, who having a large connection with Amateurs ‘in all parts of the world, are able to get the very hest prices for them. | IN STOCK. | About 6,090 species of Birds, 50,009of species Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, ~ Mammal Skins, from New-Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc., Land, - Fresh Water and Marine Shells, a large number of speci?s ; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit, Crustacee, dried and in spirit; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED CONSTANTLY FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. | oe; FOR SALE. ae A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich. in Lano Sects, and con- taining many types and new species, about 40,000 sp:cimens. For Price, etc., : apply at 225, Hich HocBorn, Lonpon, W. C. POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE. A large. variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For Prices, etc., apply to Naturatisrs’ AGeycy, 225, Hien Horsorn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have - been added since the last 20 years. Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German States; Mulready Wrappers - and Envelopes; Old unused English and Colonials; Old Works on Stamps ; Proofs of Stamps, ete., etc. TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED | for Properties of equal value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight. . SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN-REMO ~ The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. Three Villas, known as Villa Maria Luigia, and Villas Rondo: the first one, detached with a beautiful garden of 2,000 mètres; the last, semi-detached with front and back gardens, Villa Maria Luigia consists of three floors, with eee fine rooms, offices, kitchen, etc. Teu of the rooms are full south, facing the sea. \ : ' Villa Rondo n° 25, corso Garibaldi, consists of two floors, with nine rooms, kitchen, office and cellar, No 27 has two kitchens and two more rooms on the underground floor. Villa Maria Luigia and Villa Rondo n° 25, the smallest, are actually let unfur- - nished, 3,800 francs per annum, for several years. — Villa Rondo no 27, is worth 1,200 francs. When let furnished, they produce about £ 400 per annum. All applications to be made at 225, High Holborn, London, W. C. (England), where photographies of the Villas can be seen. fi M DU Fee ¢ The Humming Bird. 103 To the venerable MARQUIS OF VERAGUA Descendant of the most illustrious Don CRISTOBAL DE COLON This notice 1s dedicated. America By A. BOUCARD Is AMERICA the same Continent mentioned by the An- cients as ATLANTIS ? There are good reasons to believe that such is the case! If America is not the Continent known under that name, Geology teaches us that it is very likely a part of it. Deep sea soundings effectued in the Atlantic, between the Canary Islands and the ANT furnish the clearest evidence that during the Tertiary period, that portion of the bed of the Atlantic, which rises nine thousand feet above the lowest depths, and stretches over two thousand miles, from east to west, was dry land. PLATON is the first who mentioned the name of ATLANTIS in two of his works which have reached us. PLATON, by his mother, was the grand nephew of SOLON, the lawgiver of Athens. SOLON had learned the existence, and the disappearance of the Atlantis by the Egyptian priests of Sats, during his tra- vels in Asia, and in Lydia. This was about six hundred years before CHRIST. The Sais priests communicated to SoLon, that in the books kept in their temple, it was mentioned that at a time, one Continent inhabited by the Atlantes, existed beyond the pillars of HERCULES. « what we know nowadays as the Strazt of Gibraltar ». The À {/antes once invaded Zuropa ; but were routed by the Pelasges. It was mentioned also in the said books that shortly after, the whole of that Continent disappeared after a tre- mendous earthquake, and an overflow of the Sea. Their chronological tables gave the date of that frightful cata- * 106 The Humming Bird. clysm as having occured nine thousand years before. Thus we see that SOLON, PLATON, and many of the ancient Pnito- SOPHERS, HISTORIANS and GEoGrarns, have admitted the exis- tence of the Atlantis. This belief dormant during a long time, reappeared during the Middle Age, when the Greeks, driven away from Cons- tantinople, took refuge in Italy. ; CuristoruzR CoLumBus did believe in it thoroughly, and it is very probable that it was with the idea of rediscovering what remained of that wonderful Continent, that he under- took his celebrated voyages of discoveries. During his stay in the Acores, he must have been more convinced than ever that he was on the right tract ; as these islands, inhabited by the Guanches, must certainly be. considered as remnants of that famous Continent, and the Guanches, as the descendants of the Adlanles : . The same can be said of the Antillæ, first discovered by Columbus, and inhabited by the Carribs. The Guanches and the Carribs possessed the same shaped skull, and their languages were both akin to the aboriginal tongues of AMERICA. Therefore if we go back several thousand years before the cataclysm, which caused the desagregation of that vast Continent, known by the Ancients as Atlantis, and if we take into account all the discoveries which modern Geology has made of late, it is very reasonable to suppose that AMERICA, formed part of the wonderful ATLANTIS of the Ancients. IL is certain that America is a very old Continent, which from immemorial time has been populated by various races of men. Its first inhabitants were what the Ancients termed ATLANTES who had intercourse with EUROPA, AFRICA and ASIA, and which remnants are the Guanches of the Acores, the Carribs of the Antille, and probably many other American tribes. After the cataclysm, resulting in the disappearance of a large part of the ATLANTIS, all communications between hwat rem ained of these people, and the other Continents ceased entirely. SECOND EPOCH Several thousand years after the cataclysm, the north of AMERICA was invaded by the Tartarians, the Indians and the chinese, when these countries were so densely inhabited that the struggle for life dispersed them in all directions. It 1s reasonable to suppose that this event*took place in time of the great Tamerlane, and before. This was easy for them to ac- The Humming Bird. 107 complish by the Strait of Behring, the only obstacle bet- ween Zarlary and America. It is possible also that some Japanese may have been stormed on the Pacific Coast at one time or other. The voyage just made by Mr ANDREWS, American publicist, from New-York to Huelva, in a boat fourteen feet long, shows that it was not such an impossibility for the Fhen- cians or other expert Navigators to have done the same. M. Andrews started from New-York the 24" of August 1892 and arrived at Huelva on the 29% of September. He made the voyage quite alone. | Joseru DE Acosta tells us: « That in fifteen days time, he got with a northerly wind from Canaries to America, and his voyage couid have been shorter still, if he had dared to make use of more sails. » From these races intermixed with the natives, it is reaso- nable to suppose that many of the tribes of North and South America, inhahiting that Continent, at the time of its dis- covery, derives. I have met with many Chinese, who after two years settle- ment in Costa-Rica, had acquired a facies so like that of the Indians, that it was quite impossible to distinguish one from the other. Furthermore I met with many genuine Indians which could be more easily taken for Chinese than the Chi- nese themselves. What I say of Chinese can also be applied to the East Indians and Tartarians, which I consider as of the same race, so it seems that Asta, the mother of all people, may have been also the implanter of America, and what could be done more easily when we know than thèse parts of Asia have been very densely inhabited since the remottest ages. According to Micuaton Lirnouwer (Enneud. 9, |. VI, 1,200), there is scarce a city in Zartary that boasted less than a thousand temples. The great mumber of the Tartars may appear by the several people spread far and near over Tar- tary. Pliny reckons some of them as Aucnetes, NeurRI, GE- LONI, THUSSAGETES, BUDINI, BASILIDES, NOMADES ANTROPOPHAGI, HYPERBOREI, CICIANTHI, ETC., ETC. Both the Tartars and American Indians in common with the Chinese, are differencied from the other races of men by special marks, of a more than the ordinary and natural dis- tance between the eyes, which much alter the appearance of the face, the plumpness and swelling of their cheeks summits above the cheek bone, their middle stature, their downy hair upon the chin. Alike the Tartars, they differ amongst themselves in their customs, yet in several things they agree one with another. They bear a great respect to their chiefs. Polygamy is still in use among both. They acknowledge the immortalily of the soul. Both, like Cannibals, eat and sacrifice man’s flesh ; 108 The Humming Bird. or, on the contrary, not only detest humane, but all kind of flesh. Both worship the Devil. In some temples of Virginia were found the horrible ima- ges of the Devil OKA. The American Indians worshipped the Sun as did the Chi- nese and the Egyptians. The Peruvian Incas were called, Son of the Sun, as are called also, even now, the EMPERORS OF CHINA. So was called FERDINAND Cortez, by the Mexicans, The ancient characters employed by the Chinese in their writing consisted of serpents, that by several wreathes and contortion winding signified several things ; others consis- ted of agrestic tools belonging to husbandry ; some of fea- thers of birds, oysters and worms, roots, herbs, bird-claws, turtles, herbs and bird feathers mixed, planets, and such like, etc., etc., and so it is with the American Indians. In the Mexican manuscripts which have been preserved from destruction, we can clearly see that the same charac- ters were employed by the Mexicans. In the National Museum of Mexico can be seen two blocks of stone, which were first taken from the grand Teocarr which existed on the site, where now slands the Cathedral of Mexico. These stones were first made use of in the buil- ding of the first Cathedral, which was razed in 1626. At that time, they were put away. These stones formed the outlines of the ancient mexican Temple. One is sculptured with feathers, the other with snakes. Many other stones with similar figures have been found now and then. Many more similarities could be traced between them ; but enough has been said to show the great analogy existing between the American Indians, and the Asiatic populations, and it is very reasonable to suppose that Asia has contribu - ted largely to the civilisation of the American Indians as found by Hernando Cortez and others at the time of the Conquest. Hence the Tartarians and Chinese are the first who redisco- vered AMERICA. THIRD EPOCH Now we come to a comparatively modern period, that of the travels of Leir, son of Ericn tae Rep, who at the beginning of this Gentury, discovered a rocky and flat coun- try, which he called HerLurAND. Soon after, he discovered another wooded country, which he called MarkLan. Two days after, he arrived at the mouth of a river, and ascending this river he arrived to a beautiful lake, abounding in fish and wild birds. He was so delighted with the country surroun- The Humming Bird. 109 ding that lake that he determined to remain there all the winter. To that effect, he had several houses built. It appears that the place, then discovered by Leir, is the same where the actual Boston stands. This land where he found some wild grapes, was called VINLAND. In the following spring, Leir returned to Groenland. TaorwaALp, another son of Eric tHe RE», came back to Vintanp the year after, and remained there three years, at which time he was killed in an encounter with the natives of the country. Soon after THorRNSTEIN, the third son of Ericu Tue Rep went also to VINLAND. He was accompanied by his wife Guprip, but he did not remain there, and died soon after his return to GROENLAND. His widow married a rich merchant of Iceland named TuoRFINN HARLSEFNE, and soon after they started with three ships and one hundred and sixty men to ViNLAND. This was in 1007. One year after, she gave birth to a son who was called Snorre, son of 7'horfinn. After the death of her second husband, Guprib went to Roma, where she contributed to spread the news of this great discovery. In effect we see that in 1112, Erick Upsi was crea- ted Bishop of ICELAND, GROENLAND and VINLAND, by Pope PascaL IT. Up to 1347, constant communications were kept between these three countries ; but, at that time, the cholera having reduced the population of Vorway, from two millions to three hundred thousand inhabitants, the emigration for these coun- tries ceased entirely. But the tradition of this land has been faithfully kept by the Vorwegians. Hence, there is not the least doubt that AMERICA was re- discovered a second tirae by the Vikings or Northmen, about four hundred and sixty five years before the discoveries of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. But this don’t lesson in any way the glory of the great Ge- noese Navigator because the discoveries made, firstly by the Tartarians and Chinese, and secondly by the sons of Zrick the Red were of little consequence for the rest of the World; meanwhile those of CoLumBus have been and will be of the utmost importance to all MANKIND. However it is probable that some of the descendants of the followers who accompanied the sons of Erick the Red, found their way in the interior, reached Mexico, and were the fac- tors of great changesin the internal Economy, Civilisation and Government of that Country. 110 The Humminy Bird. FOURTH EPOCH PRINCIPAL EXPEDITIONS TO AMERICA By Europeans, since Leif, son of Erick the Red. In the year 4170 of our era, died Owen Guynetu, Prince of Wales, leaving several sons who quarelled over his succes- sion. Amongst them was Mapok, a Prince of mild disposition, who threw up his share and seeked for new fortunes abroad ; whereupon there were many who ventured their lives with him. So rigging a small fleet, he sailed westward, far beyond IRELAND, where at last he discovered an unknown and inhabited country with a temperate climate and a most fertile soil. Glad of his success, he returned and spreading the fame of this new found land where they might go. So many were those willing to accompany him that he was able to send forth ten good ships, freighted only with men, women and children, and all other materials fit for a new plantation. Shortly after they landed in AcuzaAmiL, a country in the north of America, as Francis Lopez DE Gomara believes ; because there only, he found some remaining tracts of Christianity, a people that worshipped the Cross; but not knowing why they did it. The country where MADOK landed is perhaps YUCATAN. 4390. According to MarrnuiaAs Quanius and ANTONIUS MAGINUS, ANTONIO ZENO, a pratician of Venice, discovered in that year what we know as Labrador. It was then inhabited © by people, who traded with Groenland and Iceland. They sowed corn and made beer. Moreover there is a tradition that they had some knowledge of the latine tongue and that several latine books were found in the library of one their kings. AuGusT 4492. CRISTOBAL CoLonus, or CoLumBus, started from Palos (Spain) to the Canaries Islands, and on the 12th of September discovered //aytv, one of the islands of the Antillæ, wbich he called HISPANIOLA. In his subsequent voyages, he discovered many of the islands known, as Antille, the Terra firma, or what is known now as the Isthmus of Panama, including Veragua, and the Coast of Paria or Para (1). (1) For more détails, see the notice on Canisropner Cotumpus, which appeared in the preceding number of the Humming Bird. The Humming Bird. 111 May 4497, Amertco Vespuccr, sent by KING FERDINAND oF SPAIN, sailed for the Canaries, and from there to Paria, where he bartered a great store of gotd from the natives, in exchange for pins, looking glasses and other trifles. He re- turned to Spain in November 1498. In 14499, he undertook a second voyage and landed in some of the Islands inhabited by the Cannibals. In one of them, he met some people of high stature with whom he had to fight. He bartered a large quantity of pearls with the natives of the Islands which he visited. In 1500, he returned to Spain and retired to Sevilla, with intent to settle there, but shortly after, EMANUEL, KING oF PorTUGAL, sent for him and gave him the command of three ships Lo discover new countries, between the Canaries and Africa. During this voyage, he got sight of the coast of Brazil and discovered the Patagonian Coast and the Strait of Magellan. His fourth expedition happened May 10th 1503. He went first to Sierra Leone (Africa), butcould not land.Three degrees beyond the Equator, he discoverea an Island two leagues long, and one broad, destitute of inhabitants ; his best ship of six hundred tons split here against a rock. It was entirely lost, but the seamen were saved. Three hundred leagues further on, he reached the coast of Brazil, and ascended the river Curubabo and built on its bank a strong fort in which he left twenty men. He spent five months in the building of this fort, after which he returned to Lisbon, with one ship laden with Brazil wood. The inhabitants of the City run to meet aud congratulate him for his happy return. DecemBer 4499. Vincent Pinzon, who had been Com- mander of a ship under CoLtumBus, sailed with four vessels from Palos and explored about eighteen hundred miles of the Brazilian Coast. He returned to Spain in September 1500. Ocroser 4500. Pepro Atronso Nino, encouraged by some of those that had been with Cotumsus to the /sles of Pearls, rigged out a ship at his expense and sailed for the coast of Paria. At Curiana, he bartered an invaluable treasure of pearls with the natives, which he carried back to Spain with him, but, on his arrival there, he was put to prison and at last sent to the Gourt, where the pearls were declared free prize, because Nino had bartered for them at Curiana, contrary to the King’s orders. 4500. Discovery of Labrador by Gaspar CORTEREALIS, a Portuguese gentleman. Some authors think that SEBASTIAN 112 The Humming Bird. CABoT was the discoverer of this part of America about the year 1497. What is certain is that the French landed there in 1504 and called it Nova-Lritannia, and built many towns there, the principal being Sainte-Marie, Cap-Mars and Brest. 4504-1510. Explorations of the Darien and part of Columbia, by Atronso Fogrpa, Diego Nicugsa, ANCISUS and RopeERICcO COLMENARES. Exploration of Guba by ALFonso FoGEpA. He found there a king who was willing to be christened and built a church which was consecrated to the Virgin Mary. 4514. Expedition of PETER Arias to Veragua, Columbia. Discovery of the South Sea by Vasco Nunez. 1544-15419. Discovery of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco and Vera-Cruz, by FRANCISCo FERNANDEZ, LoBo CaAizEDO, CHRISTOBAL MORANTES, BERNARDO IGNIGUEZ and JUAN GRIFALVA. In Yucatan, they found a City whose stone buildings, with stately fronts, and high turrets, had a most magnifi- cent appearance, which FERNANDEZ called CAIRO. They were courteously received and conducted into the City, the neatness of whose market places and exactness of their streets, they beheld with admiration as also the costly stuff garnments both of men and women; but their won- der increased when they beheld many artificial Crosses. On the Island of Cozumel, they found fair stone edifices intermixed with temples, whose steeples appeared above the houses. GRIFALVA being led up to one of these temples by a priest, saw many spacious halls full of marble and stone images of deformed men and beasts which they religiously worshipped. In Zabasco, they visited the chief City PoNTENCHIANA con- taining above fifteen hundred houses, all built of stone, which besides their turrets and temples presented a most pleasant appearance. On the Island of Sacrificios, near the actual Vera-Cruz, amongst many strange images, there stood a great Lion of marble seeming almost decollated with a great ¢ gash ; into which wound they poured humane blood warm, ‘which was received inlo a stone trough, set for that purpose underneath, then the figure of a man carved in alabaster bowing forward as if looking into the trough upon the blood. Those which were sacrificed were prisoners of war, whom bringing before their Idols, they ripping the breast open, whip out the heart with which, having smeared the lips of their Idols, they throw it into the fire, after which they feasted upon the fleshy parts, especially the cheeks, The Humnung Bird. 113 4542. Discovery of Florida by JUAN Ponce pe LEON. It is said that this country was discovered by SEBASTIEN CABOT, at the charges of the King of England, about the year 1497. 4519. This year wasa remarkable one, as being the one during which where made the expeditions of FERDINAND MAGAGLIAN or MaGeëLLane, the discoverer of the Strait of Magellan, and that of Ferpinanp Corres, the well known Conqueror of Mexico. 4525. Conquest of wuatemala by PEDRO DE ALVARADO. 4534. Discovery of Vova-Scotia and Canada by Jacours QUARTIER, for the account of the French Kine FRANCIS THE FIRS®E. 4540. Expedition of DieGo GuTrierez in Vicaraqua and in Columbia, where he founda very large quantity of gold. 4541. Expeditions of Pepro ALVARADO, FRANCISCO AND GON- ZALVO PIZARRO, and DIEGO de ALMAGRO. Conquest of Peru. 4545. Expedition of Joun Ripatp in Florida. 4576-1585. Expeditions of Marrint Forpisuer, FRANCIS DRAKE, Tomas GANDISH and JOHN SMITH. In 1576, Forgisuer sailed for the northern parts of Ame- rica; but in consequence of bad weather was obliged to return to England. Several months after, he sailed again and reached /Zceland ; but excepting a few salvages which he brought to London, his voyage was of little consequence. In 1577, Francis Drake, also fitted by QUEEN ELISABETH, sailed! from Plymouth by Cape Verde, along the African Coast to Brusil, the Plata, the Strait of Magellan, Valparaiso, Arica and Lima, Panama and Calfornia, returning by Timor, Ternate, Java, Ceylon and the Cape of Good-Hope. During all this expedition which lasted over three years, he enriched himself very much by the taking of many spanish ships, richly laden with gold, silver and pearls. To that part of California where he landed he gave the name of New-ALBlon. There he was received exceedingly well by the natives, with whom he exchanged presents. The inhabitants of that part of America are exceedingly hardy, for notwithstanding the cold, the men go naked, but the women wear garnments of pleited rushes, which being 114 The Humming Bird. put about their middle, hang down to their ankles. On their stomachs hangs the ends of a hairy skin tied together, which hanging also over their shoulders cover their hinder parts. Each house is surrounded with an earthen wall and all the corners thereof being close-stopped, and fires made in the midst of them, they are very warm rushes strowed thick on the ground, near the walls, serve them of peds. Drake was so satisfied with the place and its inhabitants that he made his mind to remain there for a while. The Indians came to visit him a second time and brought him bird’s feathers, store of Topacco, and many other gifts. Drake pleased with their kindness, built tents on the brow of the hill, on the top of which the Indians stood that brought the presents, whilst one of them with a loud voice made a long discourse which he had no sooner ended, but every one laid down his bow and arrows and walked unarmed down to the tents to proffer their gifts; their wives staying on the top, pinched their cheeks, and made sad Jamentalions, which Drake supposed was because they made offerings there; whereupon he also caused all his men to kneel down and say their prayers, which made the Indians to look very earnestly upon them, and to return the presents which the day before they had reveived from him. The rumour of these strangers arrival spreading all over the country, made the inhabitants far and near desirous to see them, the KING himself sending Ambassadors to DRAKE to inform him that he was on his way coming to see him. Being assured that he should be welcome, he came with a retinue of about twelve thousand men. Before walked one ofa gigantic size carrying a costly scepter, on which, by three long chains made of bones, hung a great and a small crown made of feathers; next followed the KING himself in a suit of coney skins; then came a great confused company of people, each of them carrying a present; whereupon Drake putting his men in good order, marched to meet the KING, at which the Mace-bearer made a long preamble and when he had done, danced to the tune of a song, which he sung himself; then the KING and his whole retinue also fella singing and dancing so long, till being weary, the KING went to Drake and humbly desired of him that he would accept ofthe Realm, assuring him that all the people should be under his obedience, which said, he put the fore mentioned Crown on his head. and hanging three double chains about hisneck called him HIOLE; whereupon Drake took possession of the country in QUEEN ELIZABETE’S name. Just before heaving the country, Drake caused a pillar to be set in the ground with a silver plate on the same with an inscription mentioning the day of his arrival, name and Arms of QUEEN ELIZABETH, and free delivering of that The Humming Bird. 145 Realm to him by the Indians. He also nailed a sixpence with the QUEEN’S EFFIGIE on the plate, under which he had his own name engraved. 1584-1585. Discovery of Virginia by sir WALTER Raw- LEIGH, Who called it so in honour of the VIRGIN Queen ELisA- BETH. 4598. Expedition by Jacques MAuu and Simon DE CORDES, to la Plata and the Strait of Magellan. 4600. Expedition of Ottver van Noorp to the Strait of Magellan and Chili. 4609. Expedition of Henry Hupson. Discovery of Vew- Netherland, or New-York, where several dutch merchants having obtained letters patents in 1624, granted to them by the States in the Hague, established themselves there. 4614. Expedition of GEORGE VAN SPILBERGEN to the Strait of Magellan, Valparaisc and Peru. 4615. Expedition of WittiAM CoRNELISZON and JACOB LE- MAIRE . Discovery of Cape Horn. 1623. Expedition of JAcgues L'HERMITE and Gren HuiGo ScuaPennAmM to erra del Fuego, Peru, Callao, Guayaquil and Acapulco. 4643. Expedition of Henry Brewer to the Strait of Magellan and Chili. Many other expeditions were sent by Spain, Portugal, France, England and Holland, which resulted in discoveries of interior lands and various Islands; but these mentioned heretofore were amongst the principal ones. 116 The Humming Bird. POPULATION OF AMERICA Before and after its discovery By CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS According to the last censi made,the actual population of America stands as follows : Russian Colonies in America, about. . . . 50 000 British Colonies in America. . . . . . . 10 000 000 French Coloniesin America ..... . 50 000 Dutch Colonies in America. . . . . . . 50 000 Spanish Colonies in America . . . . . . 4. 000 000 United-States of America . . . . . . . 62 000 009 Mexico . . 11 500 000 Central America, ‘Guatemala, "Honduras, Sal- vador, Nicaragua and Costa- RICA RATES n° 3 200 000 Hay EN LACET ER 1 200 000 Colombia . RM REA er at sc Wi. oc Ve 4 000 000 Venezuela". "ter Rte ee eae UE 2 300 000 Brazile gee ARS NOR PR EN ie OO: OG) Argentine Republic iy AN en Bee à 4. 100 000 Paraguay ré SGA ap QUE Rae ee, Lee RIRES 400 000 Uruguay. jcc, sae ee i a 700 000 Chile Mia Re ie 2 800 000 Bolivia 2, 300 (00 Peru . es er Re me À 2 700 000 ÉCUAUOE HE AS AN RTE ean 1 300 000 Millions 126 630 000 We may say in round numbers one hundred and twenty six millions of inhabitants. If we take into account what BarTro- LOMEUS OF Las Casas write to CHARLES THE FIFTH: « that the Spaniards, in few years, on the Islands Cuba, Hispaniola, in Honduras and New-Spain, destroyed above 2.600.000 men and the slaughter that was made afterwards in Peru, Brazil, Rio de la Plata and other places, far exceeding the above mentioned number », we can suppose that the American Continent was well populated at the time of its discovery, and I don’t think that one hundred millions, as the number of inhabitants at that time, is exageraled. This is another proof of the ancientness of AMERICA, and the resume of all what precedes is that | am fully convinced that AMERICA is a very old Continent, which probably formed part of the ATLANTIS, or at least was frequented and popu- lated by the ATLANTES. The Humming Bird. 1 When the cataclysm took place, which destroyed that part of it, known as Atlantis, America was separated from the rest of the World and entirely forgotten. Only a vague notion of its existence remained, as explai- ned at the beginning of this notice. Thousand of years passed, during which it may have been very partially visited by Phenicians, Carthaginians, Ejyp- tians and others, including Vegroes, but without any results of consequence to the rest of the World. I mention the Negroes, because we have indiscutable proofs that there were Negroes in America at the time of its disco- very by Columbus. In 1510, we hear that Vasouez Nunez, a follower of An- cisus, rebelled against the latter and made himself Governor of Uraba, or New-Andalusia, in which place he remained for several years. In1515 or whereabout, hearing of the expedition of Pepro ARIAS, and fearing to be deposed, he made several expeditions in the interior. In the montainous territory Quarequan supposed to contain rich gold mines, he was met valiantly by the natives armed with bows, arows and clubs ; but frightened by the noise of their musquets they fled in all directions, but not before the fall of six hundred of them by the hands of the Spaniards and of their dogs trained for that purpose. Soon after, coming into the palace of the King of that region, he found there the King’s brother dressed up in woman’s apparel, which so incen- sed Nunez that he set the dogs upon him and his attendants, which were all torn to pieces. Amongst the slain were SEVERAL NEGROES. Another instance of Negroes inhabiting certain parts of America, is in the finding of Negroes heads, in clay of very good make, which are in my possession now. These were found several years ago in the immediate vicinity of Gua- temala, « Central America », in old graves of an epoch anterior to the discovery of America. About the same time, the Zartars, Chinese and Japanese found their way to America by the Strait of Behring, and by way of Alaska, penetrated to California, New-Mexico, Mexico, Central-America and Peru, subduing to their autho- rity many of the ancient inhabitants,and must be considered as the founders of the Mexican and Peruvian Dynasties. It is quite possible that some sort of communications existed during many years between America and Zartary, China and Japan. If we consider that the Chinese claim to have discovered the mariner’s compass in the year 2634 before CHRIST, my reasons will appear, I hope, very plausible. . By that means, it was easy for them as for the /apanese to reach America, by Kamschatka and the Strait of Behring, as also to explore and colonize the Pacifie Coast. 4118 The Humming Bird. Later, on in 1007, came the discoveries of Groenland, Mark- land and Vinland by the Wikings or Norvegians. Although communications between these places ceased entirely in 1347, it is reasonable to suppose that the followers of Lrir, and other Norvegian Navigators, are the founders of these wonderful Cities discovered in Colorado and in Vew-Mexico, and that later on they reached Mexico, where their influence must have been felt. Lastly appears THE ACTUAL HERO OF AMERICA, THE NOBLE AND Ittustrious CRISTOBAL DE COLON, Genoese by birth, Spanish by choice, and American by fate, Discoverer of AMERICA under the guidance of the ALMIGHTY. The time had come for that discovery to be made, and CoLumBus was the Selected One. Immediately after, Spain, Portugal, France, England, and Holland sent expeditions of discoveries, and the result was the division of this mighty Continent between them. To these countries, must be added Russia and the Republic of Haytt, representative of AFRICA. The resume of all what precedes, and also from’ my own observations during the many years that I have travelled in that Continent, is that AMERICA is a very old Continent, probably cotemporary with ours, and that its Fauna, including Man, as well as its Flora, is peculiar to it, and consequently American, such being the name by which we aclually know that Continent. It was populated by the Atlantes, the Egyptians and many other nations of that epoch, thence by the Tartarians and the Chinese, and lastly by the Europeans. There is also another possibility : « that the emigration did not take place from Asia to America, but the reverse, and that the Zartarians and Cuinese are the descendants of the Americans ». The one is just as possible as the other. I leave this investigation to the learned Americanists. Now, we come to a very interesting point concerning the name of AMERICA. How is it that AMERICA having been rediscovered by CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, as it is agreed by all, is known under the name of America instead of Columbia ? It seems ratther an anomaly ! According to the old authors the word America is derived from Americo, the christian name of Vespucci, a celebrated. Florentine Navigator, who took the command of four ships fitted by Kine Ferpinann, sailed for Paria in May 1497, and made à very successful voyage. This was two years after the discovery of that country by COLUMBUs. In fact, neither Americo Vespucci or any other of the The Humming Bird. 419 Navigators of that epoch, could have made their discoveries if CotumBus had not given the start, by his wonderful disco- veries, first of the Antillæ, and afterwards of the land men- tioned in the o!d Maps as TERRA FIRMA, the actual State of Panama in Columbia. Bett, in his interesting volume, the Naturalist in Mea- ragua, London, 1874, mentions some mountains which he visited under the name of Amerrique range. JuLEs Marcou, the celebrated Geologist, has also mentioned that name in a nolice published in the Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, June 11th, 1875. Lately, Mr M. Pinart and others, have mentioned the name Ameriga and America as belonging to places situated in Veraqua and in Venezuela ; but I doubt very much that these names are anterior to the Conquest, and I have not the least doubt that the word Americu is derived as I said before from Americo Vespucci, and from no one else, and that there is no reason Whatever to look anywhere for a more plausible explanation of the word. I known very well that all those who have tried to find another derivation to the word Ame- rica have done so, with the same idea as myself, which was to restore the full credit due to Columbus, but we cannot help it. Surely the Continent known by us all as America, ought to have been more properly called Columbia, derived from the name of its discoverer ; but it has not been done, and it is now quite impossible and useless to change its name in that of COLUMBIA. Now we also know that the exact spelling of CoLumsus, was neither Coton, Cotoms or GocumB, but GoLonus (a name elect by the way). In fact America is a true Colony for all the inhabitants of the other Continents, as I have already stated in the last number of this Journal. All the races of the World are represented there. Are not the ways of the Providence wonderful ! ! When CRISTOBAL CoLoNus started in August 1492, from Palos, he had in his mind to discover a passage to the East Indies. Instead of that, he discovered a new Continent, and the results of his discovery have been the beginning of a new Era to the rest of the Wort. When we consider that oaly four hundred years have elapsed since, and see what America is already, we cannot but think that all this has not come to pass with no purpose, and I have a presentiment that before long AMERICA is desi- gned totake a prominent place in the future destinies of MANKIND. | AOR. 12080 The Humming Bird. Festivities in honour of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS All the festivities held during the month of October in honour of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, in America, Spain, Italy, France, etc., have been very successful. In Chicago, over 200,000 Visitors assisted to the grand Ceremonies attending the Dedication of the Buildings of the Word’s Columbian Exposition, and the programme was ful- filled exactly as announced, excepting that President Har- rison, in consequence of the serious illness of Mrs Harrison, was not able to preside the Dedicatory Geremonies and was represented by Vice-President Morton. About 80,000 persons figured in the various Processions. All the streets were pro- fusely decorated with flags of all Nations. The displays of fireworks and the illuminations were splen- did, and the enthusiasm of the Visitors was immense. Cheers and Cheers were continuous during all the performances. The festivities held in New-York were also very successful. In Spain, their Majesties the QUEEN REGENT, WITH THE INFANT KiNG, opened the festival Ceremonies at Huelva, and inaugu- rated the monument erected to CurisTorHER CoLumBus in the Convent of la RABIpa. From that place, their Majesties went to PALOS, Capix, SEVILLA, etc. Her Masesty the Queen Regent presided to the last meeting of the Congress of Americanists. The illuminations at Huelva were splendid. Corsica, which, by the way, claims also to be the country where CoLuMBus was born, celebrated with enthusiasm the anniversary of the discovery of AMERICA. High masses and religious services were celebrated in all the Catholic churches in France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, etc., and also in America. This was done at the instigation of POPE LEON XIII, who seni a letter to that effect, to all the Catholic Bishops. The Ceremony at the Cathedral, NoTRE-DAME DE PARIS, was very imposing. The Spanish Ambassador and suite and many other distin- guished guests were present. In CANADA, religious services were celebrated in all the Catholic churches. _ Shells, etc., etc. | SBicarbolic Acid.. ».. quart 2/- Rectified Benzoline.. RAY … Boucard’ s Insecticide ;.. Ib. ME ._ Ammonia 4]- . Collecting corked box from 1 to oe each _ Pocket corked box... from 2/- * Corked box for Museums 24/- doz. 2 - and glazed, splendid make. . 36/-, ~ Larger sizes can be supplied. a A pothuieal box". . from 2/6 to 6/- each ae Pin box, for 12 grosses of cos :. rent sizes 4/6: Pin box, with! ,000 pins... ... 3/: 4 Sea Compass from 2/-to 50/- Fr et At te /Gollecting bottles with large à opening. from. 6 d. a Roncard s tin collecting box, with two partitions: ee 2/- _ Straight Scissors.. from. 2/- ie Curved So tee sche aes - Taxidermist Knives ... HET + Long Forceps. :..f 5"... 3f- Small LE sant LS Dit: Insects’ Nippers... » 1/6 B. oieve AES Phe ; _ Blowpipe for cleaning egg ASS Sr fe oser. N,. ARS » 21-et4 - lding AO 5 3 .y 6/- Trsect Pins, English, French or German from 1/6 per 1000 i. the NATURALISTS" AGENCY. No. CORRE », Small birds up to Tanagers ae ya 3. ,, Tanagers up to Magpies.. 4A, 5. Black Coloured _ per gross. Reece CON 4. 6d 1s 6d ‘ai Ghee Bal 2s 6d Bee, hes, ADTs 0d 4s Od fetes dd 2s 0d 5s 6d 12 2534 7s 0d dy 2s 6d 10s°0d - doz..of pairs upd eo 38" DA 1s 6d is 45 3s ‘6d 2s 6d - ; 16 4s Od 2s 6d ROUE 8s 0d 3s 0d agi 18 .12s 0d 4s 0d No 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. No A to 12 Pheasants, etc. Des Central America, etc., etc., a Magpies up to Crows or coe fideces >) Smail Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls ARTIFICIAL EYES. | hs LIST of Utensils ur for the dallecting ‘of Mammals and Birds’ race Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Steal Pinsforsetting Butterfl. 4/- per 1000 Setting Boards... .... ... 1 to 2/- each Butterfly Nets complete ~ from 1/6 to 5/- ‘Sweeping and water Nets ,, 2/6 Cork in Sheets Magnifying Glasses Hammers... =... Es ; Naphthaline — ... iS », 4/-per Ib. Botanical grey paper ... ., 6/-ream Folding Umbrella for collec- tine Insects ... Je VOTE Steel Perforator for making holes in eggs Cutting Pliers . ys Flat... RC eae QUE Arsenical Soap.. Glass Tubes for small insects ‘and shells ... »» 9, 1/-doz Pill boxes for ditto ... wis 5 4/-STOS8 Flax.. $ …,, 6d.perlb Cotton wadding, | per sheet. », 6d. Fishing rods with accessories iy Dredge for collect. shells, etc. ,, 40/- Taxidermist's Case, containing 4 Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives £ Lime, 4 Grater,2 Pliers, Pa Hammer, 1 pair of For- ceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimiets, etc. Complete... from 12/-10 40/-: Shell-emptying with ‘handle, from 1/- i All other utensils for Naturalistes can be had at a short es bys ordering at STANDS, NEW STYLE. For Humming birds and Small ‘birds 3 ‘at 20s per hundred 2LDAS- 5 » 28S aor wees pe ,, 40s a Cornered Cornered and veined per doz. pairs. per doz. pairs. No, 4 to 6 3s 6d 4s 6d REED 5s Od 6s 0d an 9 6s 0d ~ 8s 0d 7A 10 7s Od x 9s Od wens lt 8s 0d 40s Od poe A SOs. Vel 41s Od Neeent 10s 0d 13s Od vase? Ale 414s Od 13s 0d RAS 13s 0d * _ 15s dd - Larger size can be made to order. No L to 4.are good for Humming Birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls. No 13 to Hawks, Owls, Herons, ete. SE Ethnological Specimens and Curious from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New-Guinea at very reasonable prices. = A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. eat as. He ee ifty years work. Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Hatabus from Chili. Ia the most perfect condition. 23 speci- US T OF BIRD SKINS AND INSECTS FOR RSA L AT NATURALISTS’ AGENCY — 225, High | Holborn, London, Ww. io nn ne ue oe ae ie Yellow Bird of Paradise, at 20shil. each | Black Velvet with aides. orange : Red D Ege Bl eee A Ree PE or apse eighteen pence. Rifle Bird. aan ha Asa fs With crimson ue 2 shillings: each Long Tail! ‘Epimaque. tas Vo Daa ok | Large Bee Eaters... eighteen'pence,, Prince Regent Lise RSR NAT Hoopers MR AN AN gas . « 4 shilline. a . King Bird ‘of Paradise "04e phe SCOPS MENACE cighton pence ,, — Paradise Bird Various, 2to 5. ,, re Medium Owls. .2. . > 4¢shilling :,, x . Selected. White Osprey Be l'Tarñse “aRtbonw LME 4 2 D NUE SS KLIS (SOUL LT TT US SANS ec A ER PER sixpence each FA Pale-réd (Short) ig Res Coloured Finches... 4 shilling ,, Long white: Osprey.-.7 5, 24;,,-per oz. (| "Blue Gréepers 27... Lemepenee, 7. Grey Heron. 05. Let hi each ab GES OM. re te SOR TIO REM NA Impeyan Pheasant. . 5 to 40 . SWAaHOWES LS wes TE TARÉCPENCÉS ta Jungle Cocks/u 052 Fey, i Cock of the Rock. : 4 shillings. a er Small Bustard : . . .. AC wh Br ean 9 Indian Grow: 0 4 3 PA Le Long Tail Trogan : ... . 16 to 20 (Apne CON STE oes Dark ee MER AE SES Short. ,, D bt oe. LE ich vie TEL VEN Ba Manakins various: . . sixpence toone shilling Larse Aacamar.; se sil 8: ys | FI$-Cateners 5 4 >. 1 bare, DEMERS. 470 Smell dita oee ko: Pe (ex re Snarrowess i LES No perce nier Metallic Blue Merle. . , : 2 i 5 |: Titimousel- wr. 2% Sixpence Ue 0e Lone Tarleditto. sed 50) Eur ,, «| Large Birds various... from sixp. ,, | Large Sea Gull»... . 4 shilling each Medium sybase from four ps eee Large and Medium Sea Small Paul os fille ETE BAT O DE INDES Swallows. ..:... 4 Fe is Swan: Skravflate TI Shi peg ye Mia A leas a a Aa a Red. Maca e ence 2S aes uae ee Red Partridge. ogee tases A DDR EAU 5. te HeropNecher 12e MERS California Quail. SIM DOR PRR i tha 5, | King Fisher bi Rene ander | CE TES PU Sand Grouse’ 6.27 ae Fe as | Blue Jays POLE paie wade: SIA POLE Sane Pharmigan 2. #5 LAN PP ON a ye eS AAU Wana eRe shilling ue : Gelinotte Tails ..... 2. ,,hundred | Cock Feathers. fe Lar ees Pra el see arate Mah an each |. Humm. Birds var. nnales. from FA ass Jay. MERI A RENE ie sha LCR Pan ie Ade — -— females two pence. oe Woodpeckers . She a ats STR POCO! eas Long Tail ditto males. from 4 shilling | Metallic Starlings... .. fourpence ,,. Blue Long Tail ditto . yy Get GN gan ee Black and White Starl.. fourpence ,, | Fire Tail “ditto. Noe atone INT AULTRE SES + Red Tanagers...... 4 shilling. ,, Blue Opale Butterflies fr. ‘three pence. ORAS gs chloe ee ninepence Butterf. various . . from. three beeen Beetles various, all colors and Gans ‘fio 4, ese per Botan aoe ASP ie A COLLECTION OF POSTAGE STAMPS FOR SALE A LC collection of 7.000 Past stamps ail diferent, in. splendid condition, arranged in four Philatelic Albums, and classified, accor:” ding to the best catalogues, and works on stamps, publisbed. Containing, : English 2/- brown , Mulreadys two black and two blue, £ 5 on biue paper. Bo livia cotuplete: Cape of Good-Hope. woodblock 4. Fine Mauritius, France, all bat. 4 franc orange. Fine Byain aud hundreds of other rare and fine stamps. fe, Lowest price. :£ 150, . ome LR | a | À 3 imp. PAUL BOUSREZ, Lours. “Vou. le N° 12] DECEMBER 1892. _ [PRICE SIXPENCE. : ay | | The Humming Bird | 1 ~ A MONTHLY à SOIBNTIPIC, ARTISTIC AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW EDITED BY a A. BOUCA RD g A LES : ie TE ey: Site ES A ET PPS TS ne => #1 Jj - SS gas Zo SEED Annual Sharon United Kingdom, Europe, N. America and Canada, 5 shillings. ‘Se Rie Mexico, Central and South America and West Indies, 6 shillings... ‘All other countries, 7 shillings. oe Back Numbers, One Shilling. — Vol. I, complete, Ten Shillings. ; Only a few copies to dispose of. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS Whole Page, 40 s. Half-Page, 22s. Quarter-Page, 13s. Lowest charge, 3s. 6 d. up to five lines, and 6 d. per line extra. Repeated or continuous Advertisements, per contract. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED * - Published by A. Boccanp, 225, High Holbora, London, W. Ü Vaturalists and Seather Merchants, 225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., ENGLAND Messrs BOUCARD, POTTIER and Co offer to sell on commission all kinds of objects of Natural History, Collections of Mammal and Birds, Skins, Skele- tons, Human and Animal Sknils, Insects of all orders pinned and set, or in “papers; Marine, Fresh Water and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ; Crastaceæ and Arachnid in spirit; Ethnological collections from al! parts ; Showy Bird Skins and Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists ; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for Artificial Florists; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curious of all sorts; Pictures and Works of Arts, etc., etc., etc. All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting © Messrs Boucard, Pottier and C°, who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best prices for them. IN STOCK. About 6,000 species of Birds, 50,000 of species Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, | Mammal Skins, from New-Guinea, West Africa, South America, etc., Land, Fresh Water and Marine Shells, a large number of-speci?s ; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit; Crustaceæ, dried and in spirit; Insects of all orders, Skeletons, etc., etc. NEW COLLECTIONS ARE RECEIVED CONSTANTEY FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. d FOR SALE. A very fine collection of Shells, especially rich in Lanp Saetts, and con= taining many types and new species, about 40,000 specimens. For Price, etc., apply at 225, High Hotgorn, Lonpon, W. C. ; POSTAGE STAMPS. FOR SALE. A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts of the World. For Prices, etc., apply to NaAturaLtsts’ AGexcy, 225, Higa Hotsorn, W.C. WANTED TO BUY. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to which none have . es been added since the last 20 years, Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especially Colonials and old German States; Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes; Old unused English and Colonials; Old Works on Stamps; Proofs of Stamps, ete., etc Aree FNS TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED For Properties of eaual value in London, Brighton, or the Isle of Wight. SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN-REMO The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO. Three Villas, known as Villa Maria Luigia, and Villas Rondo: the first one, detached with a beautiful garden of 2,000 mètres; the last, semi-detached | with front and back gardens. Villa Maria Luigia consists of three floors, with prises fine rooms, offices, kitchen, etc. Teu of the rooms are full south, facing the sea. Villa Rondo n° 25, corso Garibaldi, consists of two floors, with nine rooms, kitchen, office and cellar. No 27 has two kitchens and two more rooms on the underground floor. Villa Varia Luigia and Villa Rondo n° 23, the smallest, are actually let unfur- nished, 3,800 francs per annum, for several years. — Villa Rondo ne 27, is worth 1,200 francs. When let furnished, they produce about £ 400 per annum, All applications to be made at 225, High Holborn, London, W. C. (England), where photographies of the Villas can be seen. . 3 y ‘4 1 > ‘ The Humming Bird. 121 NOTICE With the present number we close the second Volume of the HummwG Birp, and we beg to announce that henceforth the Hummine Birp will be issued quarterly, the first number of volume III will be issued on the first of March, and the fourth and last one, on the first of December. Each part will consist of 64 pages of text at least, and when possible or advisable, plates will be issued. In Volume II, besides Original Notices on Art, Science and Industry, it is the intention of our Chief Editor, Mr A. Boucard, to con- tinue, without interruption, the publication of the Genera of Humming Birds, and to commence a relation of his Travels in AMERICA. Mr Boucard having spent a good part of his life in that Continent, as a NATURALIST, we hope that a record of his travels and adventures in North, Central, and South America, and in Mexico, will prove of interest to the Readers of the HumminG Biep. In issuing this Notice, we thank all Subscribers and Friends who have had the welfare of this Review at heart, and who have assisted in various ways in promoting its circulation, and we hope that they will continue to do so in future. The Redaction. LE CANAL DE PANAMA Par A. BOUCARD Depuis la publication de ma brochure, le SAUVETAGE DU PANAMA, juin 1892, et aussitôt l'apparition de la seconde édi- tion parue en juillet, M. Monchicoart, le Liquidateur de la Compagnie Interocéanique du Canal de Panama, a signé un contrat avec M. Hiélard, Vice-Président de la Chambre de Commerce de Paris, par lequel celui-ci s engageait à former, dans les trois mois. une nouvelle Société, au capital de 150 millions de francs, pour la reprise immédiate des travaux. Le lendemain de la signature du contrat, j'en étais informé. Jen fas même assez étonné, car M. Moncüicourt, dans Ventrevue que j'ai eue avec lui, en juin 1892, m'avait for- mellement assuré qu’il ne signerait de contrat qu'avec un Capitaliste ou une Société qui apporterait cinquante millions en espèces, ef non pas un simple engagement de former une Société. Mais ayant lu l’excellent article paru dans le PETIT JOURNAL 129 The Humming Bird. du 31 juillet, se terminant par : « Il a dirigé l’entreprise de sauvetage quand il l'a jugé nécessaire, vl rentre maintenant dans le rang, commeil convient, sans se désintéresser cependant des efforts qui seront faits. Mais il comprend que celui qui va devenir le mandataire des intéressés dans l'affaire de Panama doit avoir une entière liberté d'action. Elle lu est indispensable pour mener à bien l'œuvre immense qu'il a consenti à diriger.» Etant à cette époque du même avis que l’auteur de cet article. j'ai fait comme le Petir JouRNAL, je suis rentré dans le rang et je n’ai pas donné suite à mon projet d’aller à Chi- cago,me contentant d'envoyer gratuitement des exemplaires de ma brochure aux intéressés, y compris M. Hiélard ; mais comme voici plus de trois mois que le contrat passé entre MM. Monchicourt et Hiélard a été signé, et n’a abouti qu’aux publications du Contrat et d’un Rapport, qui ne conclut rien, je considère comme un devoir d’avertir les porteurs, que mème en supposant que M. Hiélard arrive à former la fameuse Société Nouvelle, au capitalds 150 millions, vu le projet pré- féré par MM. Monchicourt et Hiélard, elle ne peut rien sau- ver, et en attendant, la Liquidation est en train de faire dis- paraître petit a petit l'actif de l’ancienne Société. Pour peu que cela continue ainsi encore quelque temps, il ne restera plus, ni Bons à lots, ni Actions du Chemin de fer de Panama. Il est donc temps que les intéressés prennent des mesures effectives pour défendre leurs intérêts et se fassent entendre. Mon opinion n’a pas changé. Le Canal est possible et sera rémunérateur, mais à une seule condition, celle de faire un CANAL A NIVEAU, projet Rylski, pour le percement de la Cule- bra, et projet Wyse Bonaparte, pour le restant. En plus il est indispensable d’obtenir le concours des anciens porteurs, et ma combinaisonfinanciére, adoptée par un très grand nombre d’entre eux, me parait la plus facile et la plus pratique. Ard: Je continuerai 4 envoyer gratuitement ma brochure a tous les porteurs qui m’en feront la demande, en y ajoutant 10 centimes pour le port. International exhibition at Monaco An International Exhibition will be opened at Monaco during the months of January, February and March 1893. This Exhibition will include all the products of Industry, Agriculture, Horticulture, Art and Sciences. The local Gommittee is presided by the Mayor of Monaco. The prizes will consist of honorific Diplomas of five distinct Categories, Grand Prize, Gold, Silver, Silver gilt, and Bronze Medals. The Humming Bird. 193 A new emission of Postage stamps In memory of CuristTopner Cotumsus, the Government of the United-States of America has decided to issue a new series of Postage stamps. On one of them, will be represented the portrait of the celebrated Navigator, on another, the Convent of ta RABIDA, and on a third, the famous Pinnace, the Sanra-Maria. This issue will be in use from the first of January, to 31% of December 1893 only. It is certain that with the actual predominent increasing infatuation for stamps collecting, many millions of these stamps will find a resting place in the album of Stamps Collectors. Review of new publications 4891. — ATLAS DES CHAMPIGNONS COMESTIBLES ET VÉNÉNEUX, by L. Dufour. Paris, 1 volume in-8, 80 pages of text, and 80 coloured plates. — Price : 12 shillings. It is excessively good, and the plates are very well done. « Gan be procured by Naturalist’s Agency. » 4891. — FREMDE EIER IM Nast, ein Beitrag zür biologie der vogel, by von Paul Leverkühn, Munich. Pamphlet in-8, 212 pages ot text. An interesting work for Ornithologists and Oologists. 4891. — Memoaia DE LA SECRETARIA DE GOBERNACION, POLI- CIA Y FOMENTO. Republica de Costa-Rica. San-José. Interesting work for Americanists. 4891. — Twenty-Secoyp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ENTo- ‘ MOLOGICAL Society or ONTaRI0. Toronto. Pamphlet in-8, 101 pages of text, and wood cuts. It contains many interesting notes on injurious Insects. 4890-1894. — Annuat Report oF THE Board of REGENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Washington. U. A. Three large Volumes with a large number of plates, con- taining : Reports of the Society, the National Scientific Insti- tution at Berlin, Hertzs Researches on electrical waves, Progress of Meteorology in 1889, How rain is formed, On the movements of the earth crust., Progress of Anthropology in 1889 and1890, the Museums of the future, Te-Pito Te Henua or Easter Island, Animals recently extinct, Explorations in Newfoundland and Labrador, Bibliography of the United States National Museum, the Squaring of the Circle, Glacial Geology, Stanley and the Map of Africa, A tropical Botanical Garden, the Ascent of Man, and many other valuable papers. 48591. — Norra AMERICAN Fauna, by Doctor C. Hirt Mer- iam. N° 5, Washington. U. A. This part contains 120 pages 124 The Humming Bird. of text. and one coloured plate figuring a new species of Owl, Megascops ffammeolus idahoensis. It is exclusively dedi- cated to the fauna of /daho U. A., and contains the descrip- tions of several new species of Mammals and Birds. 4894. — CATALOGUE or Birps IN THE Britisn Museum, Vol. XX. PsiTracr, by T. Salvadori. London 1891. — Price: 30 shilings. This Volume prepared by tbe well known Italian Ornitho- logist, Count Salvadori, is an excellent work, and will be of great use to all Scientists. All the species known, up to date, are concisely described. Fourteen new species are described. They are: Kos challengeri, Neopsittacus rubripileum, Conurus callogenys, Pyrrhura emma, and berlepschi, Psittacula flaves- cens, Chrysotis virenticeps, inornata, and Salvini, Urochro- ma emmæ, Geoffroyus floresianus, and sumbavensis Ptistes, vetterensis, and Bolbopsittacus intermedius. Four new Genera are also described : Hypocharmosyna for Trichoglossus wilhelmine, Meyer, and others, Conuropsis for Conurus carolinensis; Neophema for the group Huphema and Bolbopsittacus with Cyclopsittacus lunulatus for its type. The following species are figured : Pyrrhura emma, ber- lepschi, rupicola, and rhodocephala, Myopsittacus luchsi, Bolborhynchus andicola, Psittacula sclateri, Chrysotis diade- mata, salvini, and chloronota, Pionopsittacus pyrrhops, Tani- gnathus everetli, and burbidgu, Palæornis finschi, Bolbop- sittacus intermedius, Loriculus amabitis and quadricolor, Platycercus xanthogenys, Cyanoramphus subflavescens and cyanurus. 4892. — CATALOGUE OF BIRDS IN THE BRITISH Museum, Vol. XVI. Ururx anp Troc, by Osbert Salvin, CORACIÆ, CYPSE- LIDÆ, CAPRIMULGIDÆ, PODARGIDÆ, and STEATORNITHIDA, by Ernst Hartert. London. — Price : 36 shillings. This Volume contains 704 pages of text, and 14 coloured plates representing : UPUPA SOMALENSIS, [RRISOR BOLLI. and JACK- SONI, SCOPTELUS CASTANEICEPS , PANYCHLORA MICANS , CHLRO- STILBON PERUANUS, HELIANGELUS LATICLAVIUS, AND VIOLICOLLIS HELIOTRYPHA SPECIOSA. AND BARRALI,AGYRTRIA CÆRULIECEPS,AMA- ZILIA SUMICLRASTI, IOLEMA LUMINOSA, PHÆLOÆMA CERVINIGULARIS, ERIOCNEMIS DYSELIUS, AND VENTRALIS, CHAETURA USCHERI, CAPRI- MULGUS GRISEATUS, AND WHITELYI, LYCORNIS MINDANENSIS, and lastly BATRACHOSTOMUS HARTERTI. Since a long time, I was expecting the publication of this Volume, in consequence of my own work, the GENERA OF HumMine Birps, which publication I began in the January number of fhe Humming Bird, Vol: IT, and which I stopped in July ; because I wanted to study with great care, the part on Trocuiti, prepared by the eminent Ornithologist Mr OsBert SALVIN. Since August last, when I received it, I have done so, during The Humming Bird. 125 all my leisure time, and I have come to the conclusion that Mr Ospert SALVIN has produced a remarkable work which will facilitate immensely the study of these charming birds ; but I am sorry to see that he has not supported my proposi- tion of a new Order for them, but has only proposed a sub- Order. Nevertheless I am satisfied so far, the gap between the two, being rather a slight one, and I have no doubt that before long, my proposition of the orper TROCHILI, will be accep- ted by all eminent Ornithologists. The classification proposed by Mr Salvin of TROCHILI SERRI- ROSTRES, TROCHILI INTERMEDIJ, and TROCHILI LÆVIROSTRES, 1S very attractive, and already in 1888, Mr EUGENE Simon, of Paris, and myself, we had es,tablished the basis of a classifi- cation on these characters; but we gave it up as not quite satisfactory. Lately, with the hope of making my profit of the most recent attempts at classification of these birds, formy Genera, | have gone to the trouble to reclassifiy all my Co- lection according to the classification propesed by Mr Salvin; but it has not been so satisfatory as I thought, and I have come to the conclusion that the said characters are not im- portant enough, to base a classification upon. | consider them only as accessories characters, not equivalent to those of the general facies, wings, tail and bill. I consider even the characters of the tailas more import- tant than those of dentition; but a really good classifiication cannot be made without taking in consideration allthe above mentioned characters. I consider the dentition only as an additional character ena bling the species which possess it to feed on insects of a lar- ger size than the others, and to grind them with, soas to be more easily digested. Iam also sorry that Mr OsBert Satvin did not mention, when possible, the names of the discoverers of species. Fur exemple, PHAEOPTILA SORDIDA, page 63, GYANOMYIA VIOLICEPS, p- 196, and CALOTHORAX PULCHRA, p. 391, three well known species, discovered by me, in the Department ot Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1857, are only mentioned as Oaxaca, Mexico, Sallé, for the first two, and Mexico, Boucard, forthe last one. It should be for all of them, Oaxaca, Mexico, Boucard. The same thing has been done in the Brotogia CENTRAL AMERICANA, With all the species of Insects discovered by me, in Tuxtla, Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Juquila. etc., to which the name of my friend Sallé is attached. Excepting the spe- cies collected in Vera-Cruz, Cordoba, Orizaba and San- Andres Chalchicomula, which we expiored conjointly, all the others were collected in countries, where my friend Sallé has never been. Lastly, | see that Mr Osbert Salvin menticns several spe- 126 The Humming Bird. cies as unknown to him : GC. GIGLIOLI, p. 113; EUGENES viRIDI- CEPS, p. 302; OXYPOGON STUEBELI, p. 336; ERIOCNEMIS AUREA, p. 367 ; CHÆTOCERCUS BERLEPSCHI, p. 414, and several others. If Mr Salvin had asked the loan of these specimens, I haveno doubt that Messrs Meyer, Simon and myself would have com- municated the types to him. For my part, I shall always be glad to show my types, to Authors of Monographs. 4892. — CaratocuE of Birps IN THE British Museum, Vol. XVII. Coraci# (contin) and Hatcyones, with the families LEPTOSOMATIDÆ, Coractia®, MEROPIDÆ, ALCEDINIDE, MOMOTIDÆ, Ton, and Counæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe; BUCEROTES and TROGONES, by W. R. Ogilvie Grant. London. Price: 30 shillings. This Volume contains 522 pages of text, and 16 coloured plates, illustrating the heads of DICROCERCUS HIRUNDINACEUS and FURCATUS, MELITOPHAGUS CYANOSTICTUS, MERIDIONALIS and PUSILLUS, full plates of EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS, CALONYX, SOLO- MONENSIS and AZUREUS, ALCEDO QUADRIBRACHYS and GUENTHER], CERYLE ÆQUATORIALIS and STICTOPTERA, heads of HALCYON TOR- QUATUS, FORBESI, MALIMBICUS, ARMSTRONGI, SOLOMONENSIS and CHLO- RIS, in full, HALCYON nuMit, MOMOTUS BARTLETTI, SUBRUFESCENS, MICROSTEPHANUS and ÆQUATORIALIS, COLIUS LEUCOTIS and AFFI- NIS, LOPHOCEROS JACKSON] and DAMARENSIS, TROGON BOLIVIANUS, HAPALODERMA VITTATUM, and Harpactes DULITENSIS. This Volume, and the formers are excellent, and maintain the high reputation acquired by the works publis- hed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, for the benefit of Ornithologists. 4892. — Zoorocicaz Recorp, Vol. XXVIII. London, 1891. Edited by Doctor Sharp. GENERAL SUBJECTS, by J. Arthur Thomson, 28 pages. MammaLIA, by Lydekker, 58 pages. Aves, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, 69 pages. REPTILIA AND BATRACBIA, by G. A. Boulenger, 24 pages. Pisces, by G. A. Boulenger, 41 pages. TunicaTa, by Professor W. A. Herdman, 6 pages. MozcuscA, by B. B. Woodward, 114 pages. Bracx1opopA, by B. B. Woodward, 7 pages. Potyzoa, by B. B. Woodward, 7 pages. Crustacea, by Cecil Warburton, 24 pages. ARACHNIDA, by R. Innes Pocock, 26 pages. MYRIAPODA AND PROTRACHETA, by R. Innes Pocock, 6 pages. Insecta, by Dr. Sharp, 311 pages. MCHINODERMATA, by, E. A. Minchin, 91 pages. Vermes, by Arthur Willey, 50 pages. COELENTERATA, by Sydney J. Hickson, 14 pages. SroNGLÆ, by E. A. Minchin, 33 pages. Protozoa, by Cecil Warburton , 13 pages. This remarkable Volume is quite indispensable to Zoologists. The Humming Bird. 127 1892. — PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society or Lon- pon. Parts I, II and III. — Price : 12 shillings each. Part I, contains 172 pages of text, 10 black and coloured plates, and many wood-cuts. Several new species of Tunisian Reptiles, Coleoptera from Borneo, Head of a new antelope, BUBALIS SWAGNEI, from Somali-land, and LEPIDOPTERA from SAN- DAKAN, are figured. Part II, contains 136 pages of text, 13 black and coloured plates, and many wood-cuts ; several new species of Opntu- roids, Head of ORIX CALLOTIS, new species from Mount Kili- manjaro ; ORTHOPTERA OF THE ISLAND OF SAINT-VINCENT ; HE- MIGALE HOSEL ; AMAUROCICHLA BOCAGIL and MOHONEYANUS ; LAND SHELLS OF SAINT-HELENA, AND FROM COLOMBIA, are figured. Among the various works published in this part is one by Hans Gadow M. A. etc. entitled : « ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF Bios, which will be of much use to Ornithologists. This new classification of birds by M. Hans Gadow is based on the anatomical structure of birds, and the result is the following : I. Subclass. — ARCHORNITHES, which includes the Order ARCHÆOPTERYGIFORMES. Il. Subclass. — NEORNITHES, which he divides in Nror- NITHES RATITÆ, and NEORNITHES CARINATÆ. In the first division, he includes : STRUTHIONES, RHE, CASUARII, APTERYGES, DINORNITHES, and ÆPYORNITHES. In the second division, he includes all the rest as follows: COLYMBIFORMES, SPHENISCIFORMES, PROCELLARIIFORMES, ARDEI- FORMES, FALCONIFORMES, ANSERIFORMES, CRYPTURIFORMES, GALLI- FORMES, GRUIFORMES, CHARADRIFORMES, COLUMBIFORMES, CUCULI- FORMES, CORACIIFORMES, and PASSERIFORMES. Part III, contains 232 pages of text, 8 black and coloured plates, and some wood-cuts. Several new species of Jndian frogs, Lycenide from South Pacific, new Frogs from Borneo, and Lucioperca marina, are figured. In the Birds from Peru, by Messrs Hans von Berlepsch and Jean Stolzmann, five new species are described: Pyranga testacea tschudii, Saltator immaculatus, Dives kalinowsku, Pyrocephalus rubineus heterurus, and Cinclodes taczanowskii. 4892. — TRANSACTIONS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Lonpon, Vol. XIII. Part 4, London. Price: 6 shillings. Contents. — On a skull of TROGONTHERIUM Cuviert from the forest bed of East Runston, near Cromer, by G.-T. Newton, 11 pages of text, and one plate. 4892. — Tue Ibis, Sixta SERIES, Vol. IV, Numbers 13 to 16. 1892, London. — Price: six shillings each part. Edited by D' Philip Lutley Sclater. This Volume maintains the high reputation acquired by 128 | The Humming Bird. this publication. It is quite indispensable to Ornitho- | logists. Number 13 contains: List of the birds of Heligoland, by Henry Seebohm; Genera Francolinus and Pternistes, by W.-R. Ogilvie Grant. One new species is described : Francolinus uluensis. The name of Francolinus Sharpit is proposed for the Abyssinian bird in place of F. rupelli, Gray, which is a synonym of Ff. clappertoni. Children ; Francolinus jacksoni, Grant, [bis 1891, is figured; Birds of British India, by W.- EL. Brooks ; Description of a new species of Wren from North East India, by K.-C. Stewart Baker ; Elachura haplonota des- cribed and figured with Hlachura punctata ; On the Indian Museum and its collection of Birds, by W.-L. Sclater, a list of the type specimens of Birds in the Indian Museum. Cal- cutta, is given. On the Birds of Tsu-sima Japan, by Henry Seebohm ; On the Birds of Madagascar, by the Rev. James Sibree ; On the Avifauna of the Lower Pilcomayo. by J. Gra- ham Kerr, Celeus kerri, Berlepsch, J. F. O. 1887, p. 22, is figured: On Birds collected in East Africa, by M. Jackson, by D' Bowdler Sharpe; Cisticola chubbi, and C'amaroptera griseigula, new species are described ; Apalis pulchra. Sharpe. Ibis 1891, p.119, and Dryodromas jacksoni, Sharpe. Ibis 1891, p. 419, are figured, etc. Number 14 contains: On the Birds of the Estancia Espar- dalla, Argentine Republic, by A.-H. Holland ; On the Orni- thology of the Gambia, by Percy Rendall; On Birds collected in Corea, by C.-W. Campbell. Suthora fulvicauda and longi- cauda, new species. are described ; Birds of Madagascar, by Rev. J. Sibree, continued; On the Caprimulgide, by E. Hartert. Caprimulgus eximus, figured: On two small Collections of Birds from Bugotu and Florida, by H. B. Tristram. Graucalus nigrifrons and welchmani, new species, are described ; On Birds collected in East Africa, by D' Bowdler Sharpe, conti- nued. Platystira jacksoni, Mehttophagus oreobates, new spe- cies, are described and figured as also. Trochocercus albono- tatus, Sharpe, Ibis 1891, p. 121; Descriptions of new species of Birds discovered by M. C. Hose on Mount Dulit, in N. W. Borneo, by Dr Bowdler Sharpe. Batrachostomus harterti, Zos- terops squamifrons, Geocichla everetti and Mesobucco eximuus, new species, are described ; On a Collection of Birds from Central Nicaragua, by Osbert Salvin and F. Du Cane Godman. Delattria sybille, new species, is described, etc. Number 15 contains : On the Birds of Hast Prussia, by Ernst Hartert ; On a new species of Flycatcher of the genus Hyliota, by D' G. Hartlaub. Hyliota nehrkorni, new species, is described and figured; On the Genera Bambusicola and Arboricola, by W.-R. Ogilvie Grant. Arboricola gingica, Son- nerat, figured; On the Birds of Foochow and Swatow, by John D. de la Touche ; On Birds from Mount Dulit, N. W. The Humming Bird. 429 Borneo, by D' Bowdler Sharpe, continued. Calyptomena hosir Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1892, p. 249, and Meso- bucco eximius, Sharpe, Ibis 1892, p. 324. are figured. Number 16 contains : On the Birds of Foochow and Swatow, by M. J.-D. de la Touche. continued, Gallinula coccineir es, Sclater, Ibis 1891, p. 44, figured ; On the Birds of Last Prus- sia, by E. Hartert continued ; On a little known species of Lark of the Genus Otocorys, by Ernst Hartert, Otycoris ber- lepschi, Hartert. J. f. O. 1890. p. 103, figured; On some extinct Birds of Queensland, by M. R. Lydekker; On Birds collected in East Africa, by D' Bowdler Sharpe, conclu- ded. Francolinus gedgi, Ogilv. Grant, [bis 1791, p.124; 1892, p. 47, figured. This volume contains also an excellent critical review, by the Editor Dt Philip Lutley Sclater, on all the most impor- tant Ornithological works published in 1891, and early part of 1892. 4892. — Mémoires DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE. Tome V, 4°, 2°, 3° et 4° parties. Paris. Contents. — Congrès ornithologique international : Eponges de la Mer Rouge, by M. Emile Topsent ; Catalogue des Rep- tiles, Batraciens et Poissons du département de l'Indre, par MM. René Martin et Raymond Rollinat; Description de la Glossiphonia tessellata, by D' Raphaël Blanchard; Nouvelle espèce de Cochenille du dattier du Sahara, by Ad. Targioni Tozzetti ; Paguriens de la Melita, by Messrs Ed. Chevreux and E.-L. Bouvier ; Unionidæ de Bornéo, by Messrs Drouet and Chaper ; faune herpétologique de Bornéo, by D'F. Moc- quard ; Cladoceres nouveaux du Congo, by Jules Richard ; Lépidoptères de la Côte de Malabar et de Ceylan, by Charles Oberthiir; Les oiseaux hybrides rencontrés al état sau- vage, by André Suchetet; Cladocères et Copépodes d'eau douce, by MM. Jules de Guerne et Jules Richard ; Description de la XEROBDELLA LECOMTEI, by D" Raphael Blanchard ; Des- criplions de Diptères nouveaux, by J.-M.-F. Bigot, etc. 2892. — Memorias y REVISTA DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA ANTONIO ALZATE, Mexico. All what has been published of Vol. V. It contains many excellent papers, among which I call the attention of Zoologists to the one entitled: RESENA DE UNA EXCURSION ALA CAVERNA DE CACAHUAMILLPA Y ALA GRUTA. Cartos PACHEO, by Ing. Guillermo B. y Puga. Several new or rare species which were collected are des- cribed and figured. Among the plants, Breweria Mexicana, Var. floribunda, Villada. In Mammals, two species of bats. Mormops MEGALOPHYLLA and CHILONYCTERIS KUBIGINOSA. In Shells, SPIRAXIS CACAHUAMILPENSIS. sp. n. In Coleoptera, only one specimen of CHOLEVA CACAHUAMIL- 130 The Humming Bird. PENSIS, in Diptera ; PHOLEOMYA CACAHUAMILPENSIS, in Orthop- tera ; PHALANGOPSIS, POLYPHAGA and LEPISMA CACAHUAMILPENSIS. In Arachnida, Parynus, Drassus, PuoLcus and SCuTIGERA CACAHUAMILPENSIS. | In Crustacea, ARMADILLO CACAHUAMILPENSIs and PORCELLO MEXICANUS. 1292. — ACTES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ SCIENTIFIQUE DU Cart, tome J, large in-4, 119 pages of text. This Volume contains the Rules of the Society, List of Members, Reports of Meetings, and various scientific pepers contributed by Members, among which: the Lizarps of Cat, by Mr Ferdinand Lataste ; Genèse DE L'or, by Mr A.-F. Nogues; EXPLORATION OF SIPOTURA, by Philibert Germain ; ENTOMOLOGIA CHILENA, by Edwin Reed; RATS or Cui, by F. Lataste, etc.; Mr FERDINAND LATASTE, with several friends, were the promo- ters of this new Scientific Society, to which we wish the success it deserves. 4292. —- Tue EnromoLocisr s Moxruzy Macazine, edited by Messrs Barret. Fowler, Champion, Mc Lachlan, Douglas, Saunders and Stainton. Second Series, Vol. III. London, 1892. — Price : sixpence, each part. This interesting volume contains a large number of contri- butions, chiefly on British Insects. Other publications received 4892. — EveryBopy’s Pocket Cycropxp1a, by Don Lemon, London. — Price : sixpence. A very interesting book contai- ning most valuable informations of all descriptions. No one should be without it. ORNITHOLOGIST AND OoLoGist, by Frank Webster, Hy de Park, Mass. U. A. The Kansas City Screntist, Official organ of the Kansas City Academy of Science, Kansas City. U. A. The CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXIV, edited by Rev. C.J. S. Bethume. Port-Hope, Ontario, Canada. The Antigua O8server, Vol. XLVII, edited by Daniel W. Scarville, City of Saint-John, Antigua. Ex Porvenir, Ano XV, edited by Antonio Araujo. L. Cartha- gena, Colombia. La Voz, Ano VIII, edited by J.-G. Abello. Santa-Marta, Republica de Colombia. The Wort, New-York. U. A. Pages 37 to 44 are exclu- sively dedicated to the Republic of Mexico. It gives a glowing account of the actual condition of that country. MISCELLANEA ENTOMOLOGICA. Organe international, edited by Prof. E. Barthe, Montélimar, France. The Humming Bird. 131 FEUILLE DES JEUNES NATURALISTES, edited by M. Adrien Dolfus. Vingt-deuxiéme année. Paris, 1892. MEMORIA QUE LA SECRETARIA DE FOMENTO DE LA REPUBLICA DE GUATEMALA” PRESENTA A LA ASSEMBLEA LEGISLATIVA EN SUS SESSIONES ORDINARIAS DE 1892. Guatemala, 1892. RECOMPENSAS OBTENIDAS POR LA REPUBLICA DE GUATEMALA EN LA EXPOSICION UNIVERSAL DE PARIS, 1889. Guatemala. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED-STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, N° 21. Washington. The Sporting Goons Review. London, 1892. La Nuova CITTA AMERICA ED IL R PRINZAPULKA NEL NICARAGUA, by Désiré Pector. Estratto dal « Gosmos di Guido Cora », Vol. X, 1889-1891. EXPOSE SOMMAIRE DES VOYAGES ET TRAVAUX GEOGRAPHIQUES AU NICARAGUA DANS LE COURS DU XIX° SIÈCLE, par Désiré Pector, « Annales Economiques ». Paris, 1891. APERÇU DES PRINCIPALES COMMUNICATIONS RELATIVES A LA LIN- GUISTIQUE FAITES AU CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DES AMERICANISTES, 1890, par Désiré Pector, « Revue Linguistique ». Paris, 1890. JOSÉ TRIANA, NOTICE HISTORIQUE, par Désiré Pector. « Archi- ves de la Société Américaine de France ». Paris, 1892, etc., Les OBITUARY 4891. — September 24, AuGusr EDLER von PELZEN died in Vienna, aged 66. — August EDLER von PELZEN was born at Prague on the 10th of March 1825. Since his earlier youth, he was devoted to Natural History. First he studied Law and practised in the Vienna Courts. In the beginning of 1851, he obtained the place of Assistant to Doctor C. Diesing, with whom he remained until the death of the Doctor, in 4867. In 1869, he was appointed Custos of the Ornithological and Mammalogical Collections, which had been under his care since 1852. His principal works are : ZUR ORNITHOLOGIE BRASILIENS publis- hed in 1871. Birps of Tue Novara EXPEDITION, and his ORNIS, ViNDOLEONENSIS. His other memoirs were published in va- rious scientific journals. He was a learned and modest man, highly appreciated by those who knew him. 4891. — December 6th, Dom Pepro p’ALCANTARA, THE LATE EMPEROR OF Beazir, died in Paris, at the early age of 66. — Dom Pepro was born the 24 of December 1825. He was only six years old when his father abdicated in his favour. In 1840, he was crowned EMPEROR. Since that date, he reigned peacefully, and Brazil did progress immensely during that time. 432 The Humming Bird. To him is due the abolition of slavery in Brazil. He was a learned Scientist, and to the last, he showed a great interest in Zoology and Geography. A few days before his death, he assisted to the meeting of the French Institute, to which scientific body, he belonged as Foreign Member. Very often be presided the meetings, of the Geographical Society of Paris, and it is not long ago that he came to London, and visited the Royal Geographical Society. M. H.-W. Bates, who was then the Assistant Secre- tary, had the honour to attend him. Although Dom Pedro was a very liberal monarch, a revolution resulting in the proclamation of the Republic in Brazil, took place the 15 of November 1890, and he was obliged to abdiquate and leave the country with all his family. He cameto France and resided alternately on the Riviera, or in Paris. Shortly after his arrival in France, he lost his wife, the Empress. 4894. — December 7'*, M. Atruann, Director of the public works of Paris, died aged 74. He succumbed to cerebral con- gestion complicated with palsy. M. ALpHanpd was born the 26" October 1817, and was a well known figure in Paris. It is him who had the direction of the parks and promenades. He had been selected for that post by the celebrated Baron Haussmann. All those who have visited the International Ex- hibitions of 1867, 1878 and 1889 will remember how he trans- formed the TROCADERO and CuAmp DE Mars in delightful gar- dens, the admiration of all the Visitors. In 1889, he was appointed General Director of the Works of the Exhibition, and he surpassed himself. It was a real pleasure to see him on the grounds. By his activity and talents, he contributed im- mensely to the success of the Exhibition. His nomination as GRAND CORDON DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR, Was the reward of his efforts. He was a Knicat of the same Order since 1882. 4894. — December 22¢. Mer FRreprer, Bishop of Angers, died in that town. aged 64. — CHARLES-EMILE FREPPEL was born at Obernay (Bas-Rhin) the first of July 1827. He made his studies at the Seminary of Strassburg. He was appointed Professor of Theology at the Sorbonne somewhere in 1854, and occupied that chair up to 1870. In 1868, he was nomi- nated Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. In 1870, he was promoted Bishop of Angers. In 1880, he was elected Deputy | for the Department of Finistére, which he represented up to the time of his death. In the Legislative Chamber, he was a prominent member and delivered not less than 120 discourses on several subjects ; but chiefly against the laicisation of schools, and such like. He was the author of twenty-eight volumes treating of reli- gious matters, The Humming Bird. 133 4892. — January 12'", ARMAND DE QUATREFAGES DE BREAU, Member ofthe French Institute, Professor in the Paris Museum, died in Paris aged 82. He succumbed suddenly without any apparent suffering. — ARMAND DE QUATREFAGES was born at Berthezène, a small village in the Cévennes (Hérault), France, on the 10% of February 1810. He was first educated by a young pastor. Later on, he went to the college of Tournon, where he was remarked and befriended by his professor, Mr Sornin, who took him at Strassburg, where he was appointed Professor of Astronomy to the Faculty of Sciences. During his stay in Strassburg he studied mathematics, and at the early age of nineteen, he conquered his diploma of Doctor in Mathematics. In 1832, he passed successfully his examinations as a Doctor in Medicine, after which he retired in Toulouse amongst his family.During his stay in that town, he edited the Journal de médecine et de chirurgie. But the study of Natural Sciences had a great attraction for him, and he soon abandoned his career as a Doctor, and accepted the modest employment of Professor of Zoology in the Faculty of Sciences. With the very small credit of 90 francs monthly, he created there a small Museum, but his ambition was to come to Paris, and after some difficulty, his family consented to his departure. When in Paris, he made the acquaintance of Messrs Agassiz, Vogt, Milne-Edwards, and other Scientists. Since 14840, when he obtained his Diploma of Doctor in Natu- ral Sciences, up to his last day, he worked constantly, and his fame increased. In 1852, he was elected Member of the Aca- demy of Sciences, and three years after he was nominated Proiessor of Anthropology in the Paris Museum, where he professed to the last. His works are too numerous to mention in this brief notice; but I will just mention the Souvenirs p’uN NATURALISTE, in which he describes in a charming manner, his stays on the shores ofthe Atlantic and Mediter- ranean Seas, studying the inferior animals,and the fne works which he published on the nature and origin of Man. Armand de Quatrefages is the Creator of the fine anthro- pological Collection in the Paris Museum, whichis considered the best one in Europe. He was very amiable and modest, and it isa great loss for Science. 4892. — January 14", Duke of CLARENCE, THU ELDEST SON oF Prince or Wazes, died in London at the early age of 28. He succumbed from a severe attack of influenza, after a few days illness. — Tue DUKE OF CLARENCE was born the 8" of January 1864. Science had a great attraction for him. His loss so unexpected and at sucha time, on the eve of his marriage, was deeply felt by the reigning family, by all England, and by the Word at large. Numerous messages of sympathy and condolance were 134 The Humming Bird. sent from all parts to Her Majesty the Queen, and to their Royal Highnesses, Prince and Princess of Wales. He was temporally buried at Windsor, on the 20* of Ja- nuary. Business was entirely stoppedin London during the day of the funeral, and tokens of mourning were conspicuous everyhere. Religious Geremonies were celebrated in Paris, in all the European Capitals, and in many other places. 4892. — February 16th, Henry WALTER Bates, Traveller Naturalist, Fellow of the Royal Society, Assistant Secretary of the Geographical Society, etc., died in London, aged 67 (See Humming Bird ,Vol. Il, p.p. 24-26). 4892. — March 7th, ETIENNE ARAGo, Keeper of the Luxem- bourg Museum, died in Paris, aged 89, after an illness which kept him three months in bed. — He was brother of the illustrious astronomer Francors ARAGO. Both were born at Estagel (Pyrénées-Orientales). First he studied chimistry, but soon left it for literature. About one hundred of his plays were represented in various theatres. He has also publis- hed a very interesting work, l'HOTEL DE Vicze DE Paris AU 4. SEPTEMBRE ET PENDANT LE SIEGE. In February 1871, he was elected Deputy for the Department of Pyrénées-Orientales ; but he soon resigned to resume his literary works. 1892. — May 21, HermMANN CHARLES BURMEISTER, Ex-Direc- tor ofthe National Museum of Buenos-Ayres, Argentine Repu- blic, died at Buenos-Ayres, at the age of 85, from the result of an accident. — FHERMANN-CHARLES-CONRAD BURMEISTER was born at Stralsund in 1817. Whilst a student of Medicine at Halle, he studied Zoology under Nitsch, and took his degree of Doctor in Philosophy in 1829. In 1842, he succeeded Nitsch to the Chair of Zoology at Halle, and continued there till 1848 ; but long before that he had become well known by his wri- tings, especially on Entomology. His HANDBUCH DER ENToMo- LOGIE, which he began in 1832, and finished in 1817, is with the History of Creation, 1843, amongst his most important works. About 1850, he vent to Brazil where he spent two years collecting. Later on, he returned to South America, and became Director of the National Museum of Buenas- Ayres, which post he occupied until shortly before his death. In 1861,he published his REISE DURCH DIE LA PLATA STAATEN, in two volumes, the second of which is devoted to a SYNOPSIS OF THE VERTEBRATES OF THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. He also publis- hed in the « Anales del Museo publico de Buenos-Ayres », some very interesting notes on the wonderful Mammals of the Argentine tertiaries. Doctor Carlos Berg, his former Assistant, has succeeded yim in the Directorship of the Museum. The Humming Bird. 135 4892. — May 14'>, Doctor Cart-Aucust Donry, died at Stettin, aged 86. He succumbed from the results of an altack of influenza, — Carl-August Dohrn, the Veteran Entomologist of world reknown, was born on the 27% of June 1806. During his life, he corresponded with all the principal Ento- mologists of the World, and formed a very fine and valuable Collection of Coleoptera. He was President of the Entomo- logical Society of Stettin from 1843 to 1887, in which year he retired, and was succeeded by his eldest son, D' Heinrich Dohrn. His younger son is the well known D' Anton Dohrn, the founder of the Zoological Aquarium at Naples. He edited the ENTOMOL ZEITUNG, the organ of the Stettin Society, during many years, and many of his memoirs, and descriptions of new species of Coleoptera, were published in that Journal. 4892.— August 234, MARSHAL DA Fonseca, First President of the Republic of Brazil, died at Rio-Janeiro. He was appoin- ted President on the 25t of February 1891 ; but resigned the post in 1892. He was the principal instigator of the Revolu- tion, 15'h-November 1889, which caused the faliofDom Pedro. 48C2. — October 21, Ernest RENAN, Professor at the Col- lege de France, diedin Paris, aged 68. He succumbed from bronchitis, after a very short illness and without much suffering. — ERNEST RENAN was born in 1823, at Zregueer, Brittany. He first studied in his native town, next in Paris in the Seminary of Saint-Nicolas du Ghardonneret, then direc- ted by the abbot Dupanioup, raised afterwards to the di- gnity of Bishop of Orléans. Three years after, he went to Issy, a succursal of Saint- Sulpice. When there, he felt for the first time that he had lost faith in his first vocation to be a priest. So he resolved to leave the seminary, which he did shortly after. Being poor, he made his living by giving lessons; but at the same time he continued his studies on Philology, and conquered all his universitary degrees, including that of Philosophy. In 1856, his reputation as a Philologer was esta- blished, and the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres gave him the succession of Augustin Thierry. In 1862, he was nominated Professor of Hebrew, at the Collège de France. In 1878, he was elected Member of the French Academy, anil successively was created from Chevalier to Grand-Croix de la Légion d@’honneur. Renan did not believe in the divinity of Jésus, and when he published his work : la ViepEJEsus, Renan’sname was made known allovertheWorld. Some exalted him immensely, others did the reverse. Renan at that time was the man more spoken of. Renan published many other works, among which the most cele- brated are: the APOTRES, SAINT-PAUL, DIALOGUES PHILOSOPHIQUES, 136 The Humming Bird. SOUVENIRS D'ENFANCE ET DE JEUNESSE, le PRÊTRE DE NÉMI, l’ABBESSE DE JOUARRE, le JUDAÏSME, ETC., ETC. eva 7 His qualities as a ‘writer gave him one of the first places in modern Literature. His funerals have been celebrated with magnificence, al the cost of the French Government, and it has beau decreed that his remains should be deposited in the PANTHEON, 4892. — October 6", ALFRED Tennyson, the English Poet Laureate, died in London, aged #1, after a short malady. ALFRED TENNYSON was born in 1809 at his father’s parsonage at Somerly, Lincolnshire. He was partly educated at home and at a local boarding school. In due time, he proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he gained the Chancel- lors Medal for a prize poem, entitled : TIMBUCTOo. Up to 1850, appeared several of his poems, such as the PALACE OF ART. a Dream of Fair Women, the Lapy or SHALLOT, the May Queen, LADY CLARE VERE DE VERE, Dora, the GARDENERS DAUGHTER, LOCKSLEY HALL, Morr D’ARTHUR, etc. In 14850, IN Memorram, which produced a great sensation. Shortly after, he was appointed Port LAUREATE. His official poems have generally marked the death or marriage of some member of the reigning house. Of all these, the finest is the Dedication of the IDYLLS oF THE KING lo QUEEN VICTORIA. MauD was published in 1855, ENoca ARDEN in 1864, the WIN- DOW OR THE SONGS OF THE WRENS in 1870, the Lover’s TALE in 1879, Sixty YEARS AFTER in 1886, DEMETER in 1889. Nearly ten yearsago, Tennyson accompanied Mr Gladstone on a cruise in northern seas, and early in 1884, he accepted a peerage, which descends to his only surviving son, Hallain Tennyson. On the 12", the remains of Tennyson were laid to rest in the Poet’s Corner, in Westminster Abbey. 4892. — October 12%, Xavier Marmren, Member of the French Academy, Ex-Keeper of the Library of Sainte- Geneviève, died in Paris, aged 82. — Mr XAvIER MARMIER, was born at Pontarlier in 1809, was chiefly a writer of travels. He was a distinguished linguist. He was elected a Member of the French Academy in 1870. One of his best books is entitled: Le Succks par LA PERSÉ- VÉRANCE. He was very fond of buying books on the Paris quays, where he was well known. In his will, he left a sum of one thousand francs to the Quay’s booksellers, this money to be spent in a banquet on the day of his funerals. For some reasons, this banquet did not take place on that day, but a few days ago. - Bicarbolic Acid... Rectified Benzoline... .. :,, = _ Boucard’s Insecticide we Tb. 4/- ~ Ammonia Pocket corked HEATHER ee LIST of Utensils pe for Ge calleniizies ‘of Mammals and Birds’ Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, etc., etc. .. quart 2/- 4]- Collecting corked box from 1} to 5/- each from 2/- Corked box for Maseums 24/- doz. and glazed, splendid make.. 36/- , Larger sizes can be ‘supplied. —_— — Botanical box . . from 2/6 to 6/- each Pin box, for 12 grosses of diffe- neo rent: sizes Past nade AOS ” Pin box, with! ,000 pins LATE 3/- Sea Compass from 2/-t0 50/- Collecting bottles with large _ opening. from. 6 d. _ Boucard’s tin collecting box, with two partitions :... .. 2/- Straight Scissors.. from. 2/- | Curved - ss ree space Taxidermist Knives ... $5 476 PLAY FOTOS. ei ese oy. O42 Small eh dg 5 4/- Insects’ Nippers... » 1/6 _ Sieve Metta tot _ Blowpipe for cleaning ess DE eos _ Digger eo Mis alka dale fe BICOL = Folding PUT EEONY 2 8277 se a) Trsect Pins, English, French or German from 1/6 per 1000 steel Pinsforsetting Butterfl. 4/- per 1000 Setting Boards... ... ... 1 to 2/- each Butterfly Nets complete — from 1/6 to 5/- Sweeping and water Nets __,, 2/6 Cork in Sheets «.. +... ,» 9/-doz, Magnifying Glasses …, », A/- to 5- Hammers... ... Se », 1/6 to 5/- Naphthaline ... es 5, 4/-per |b. Botanical grey paper .. », 6/-ream Folding Umbrella for collec- tine Insects ... oe 53 10/- Steel Perforator for making hol2s in eggs »» 1/- Cutting Pliers bé Eg, 5» 2/- Flat.. ee ated yy) 2/- Arsenical Soap.. £02) per Ip Glass Tubes for small insects and shells ... RAT: A0Z; Pill boxes for ditto » + 5, 4/-gross Flax.. Bea ix perib Cotton wadding, per sheet... » Od, Fishing rods with accessories 5 2/- Dredge for collect. shells, etc. ., 40/- Taxidermist S case, containing À Pair of Scissors, 2 Knives 4 Lime, 4 Grater. 2 Pliers, 4 Hammer, 1 pair of For- ceps, 1 Brush. 3 Gimiets, etc. Complete... ... from 12/- to 10/- Shell-emptying with handle, from 1/- S All other utensils for Naturalistes can be had at a short notice, by ordering at _ the Naturatists’ AGENCY. yy, Small birds up to Tanagers », Tanagers up to Magpies... Black Coloured per gross. a NY, F-10464 1s 6d Met ye! vB RO 25 6d a Orr Ae ts td 4s 0d ES 11 Qs Od 5s 6d ve 12 2s 1386 Is 0d Le 43 2s 6d 10s 0d doz. of pairs , 14 38 0d 1s 6d a 45 3s 6d 25 6d or AB 4s Od 2s 6d NES €: 8s 0d 3s 0d “A8 = 195 0d 4s 0d STANDS, NEW SIVRE . For Humming Birds and Small Birds ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small Hawks », Small Hawks to Large Hawks and Owls ARTIFICIAL EYES. at 20s per hundred LE] 24s LE 3» 28S or >) 328 i 2? 40s vhs : Cornered Cornered and veined Dee doz. aus per doz. pairs. No, 4 to 6 3s 6d 4s 6d ter Ate cee 5s 0d 6s 0d by 9 6s 0d 8s 0d 7 10 1s Od 9s 04 is 11 8s 0d 40s 0d ae 42 9s 0d 11s 0d 5 13 10s 0d 43s 0d Re \4 41s 0d 43s 0d oa 15 43s 04 45s 0d Larger size can be made to order. PS gee ater net mi eae ee ee TT Du ee Ne 1 to 4 are good for Humming Birds and others up to the size of Tanagers. No 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. Ne 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc. .No 9 to 10 Magpies. to Gulls. No 43 to Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc. SE SE RE DT EL ES SST SS SERS SS eS Ethnological Specimens and Curious from Madagascar, Gold Coast, New-Guinea - Mexico, Central America, etc., etc., at very reasonable prices. A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts of the world. 2,000 varieties. ; ao years work. Will be sold at a bargain. Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23 speci- ay mens at 5 8. Sach, LIST OF BIRD SKINS AND INSECTS FOR SALE AT NATURALISTS’ AGENCY © 225, High Holborn, London, W. C. WHOLESALE PRICE (for cash only) Yellow Bird of Paradise, at 20 shil. each | Black Velvet with golden, orange | Red 7 as LUS : TUMP «4 ©... . “eighteen pence. Rifle Bird eee 5 Oe, With crimson rump.. 2 shillings each Long Tail Taveenae: SR RE LE Nee i Large Bee Eaters. . eighteen pence ,, Là Prince. Regent... . :. ASE ie H@o ners se res tate 4 shilling ,, — King Bird of Paradise 7 jo bie re SOON 2 ea Pr NE ee eighten pence ,, Paradise Bird various, 2to 5 ,, ss Medium Owls. . . . .. - 4 shilling ,, Selected White Osprey Larsen 5 68s 2 skins (short). . . . . oa EE 4 Tras NC Seki sixpence each Pale red (short) ., ae Bee ts Coloured Finches... 4 shilling ,, Long white Osprey... ,, 24 ,, per oz. | Blue Creepers... ... ten pence ,, Grey Herons cs es ks @athe | Green <.,, 3 eis et SESPEHER EST Impeyan Pheasant. . 5 to 10 me be Swallows. xs. eee, 4 threepence ,, Jungle Cocks... .... ie ee ing $3 Cock of theRock. ... 4shillings ,, small Bustard 4 {20% eee » Indian Crow. ::.: 3 4 LEA Long Tail Trogan..... 16 to 20 AlpinéCrow.. … +: 2 SR CE RE Short bs Ng ae UE cee RUE 4 Manakins various. . . © sixpencetoone shilling ~ Larce Jacatars te "2. à AR + DAY Catchers 6°) see three pence. Sn dite ee RAS de as MAP PONS ee se 0 hos two pence ,; : Metallic Blue Merle . ROUEN D ox WATMOUSE Sek Sus sixpence ,, Long Tail ditto. . 0°... Bae. 2 Large Birds various. . from sixp..,, Large Sea Gull Stee ‘ shilling each | Medium Sop a DERODHTOURDS S, Large and Medium Sea : Small J) een AES EO DEEE Swallows MAR Rae Rok od F Swan Skin flat... -. doshilling 24, MITA SS cise se PE ences OS ee Ms Reds Ma@aw tre 5 a SLR Red Partridge. ARE nee DATA a Heron Necks 5.00 ison 2 sk Ne California Quail scree ie LEWES of Kino Pisher TE Ne geek Ae: Sand Gretise 27 as der A Bite days" :-$ 5: 1. -SIxpDeRCé +.) Para 40) ne wee BS cats ., | Grebes Fe do a Sa ee 2) Gelinotte Tails. 2.55%; 2. ,, hundred | Cock Feathers. \ à Re Barge: PHASE ER wea NE each | Hamm. Birds var. males. trom sixpence each, JAVA cw Naeem ee ESS % — — females two pence. Ve Woodpeckers..:.,,..%sixnence"." Long Tail ditto males. from 1 shilling — Metallic Starlings. .... fourpence ,, Blue Long Tail ditto . RTE ” Black and White Starl.. fourpence ,, | Fire Tail Tai lee. woe Red Tanagsers sc: HS, A shilling ., Blue Opale Butterflies fr. ‘three pence. OREN ER ah see eus ninepence Butterf, various... from. three pence, Beetles various, all colors and ye from & shillings per thousand. COLLECTION OF POSTAGE STAMPS FOR SALE A magnificent Foéeti on of 7.000 Postage sine ail different, in - splendid condition, arranged in four Philatelic Albums, and classified, accor- ding to the best Catalogues, and works on stamps, publish ed. Containing, English 2/- brown, Mulreadys two black and two blue, £ 5 on blue paper. Bo- livia complete. Cape of Good-Hope. Woodblock 4, Finé Mauritius, France, da but 4 franc orange. Fine Spain and hundreds of other rare and fine pals Lowest price :£ 150, Imp. PAUL BuusRez, Lours, © es tide TO THE MEMORY OF LINNÉ, The Father of Systematic Classification, and Binominal Nomenclature. GENERA OF HUMMING BIRDS, CLASS AVES (BIRDS). DIVISION PSILOPAEDES, SUND, 1872. Young at birth, helpless, and entirely naked. Life sustained by fhe introduction of food into the throat by means of the parents bill. Nest occupied until the birds are full grown. mie O CATT, Boucard, Car. Ag. 1876. Order of Humming Birds. Picarian birds with the palate nearly cegitognathous, possess- ing but one carotid artery, the sinistra, a nude oil gland and no coeca. The femoro caudal and ambious muscles are alone present, the flexor longus halucis, independent of the flexor perforans digitorum, tensor patagii brevis, pterylosis and sternum characteristic. Second, third, and fourth toes directed forwards, the hallux backwards, body small, sometimes minute. Bill varying from feeble to stout, generally longer than the head, straight or curved with a short gap devoid of bristles. Nostrils, basal, linear, covered by an operculum, sometimes hidden in frontal feathers. Tongue slender, filiform, capable of great extension, consisting of two minute parallel tubes. Wings narrow, pointed, the primaries, ten in number, stiff and long, the secondaries very short. The manus is very long, and the humerus very short, enabling the wing to be moved with yreat rapidity. Sternum large with deep keel. Tail composed of ten feathers varying greatly in shape and size. ‘Tarsi short, either naked or clothed. Feet extremely small, toes short, claws curved and rather large. Plumage generally of the most brilliant metallic hues, equal to the brilliancy of precious stones, sometimes sombre: Females with very few-exceptions, plain coloured. Je ete. ¢ 2 i Genera of Humming Birds. FAMILY I. TROCHILIDA, Or Family of Humming Birds. Bonaparte, 1831. Body small, sometimes very minute. Bill slender, straight or curved, shorter or longer than the head with feathers at base. Throat in males with only one exception, 17. Minima, always covered with brilliant metallic feathers, crimson, lilac, red, etc. Females plainly coloured, with a patch of metallic feathers on throat, when fully adult. Underside, white, grey or puff. ‘Tail very changeable in form and in length, according to species. I commence my classification with the Genus 77ochilus, as the most proper, being the first name proposed by Linné for these beautiful birds, and from which the names of the Order and first Family derive. Then I continue with the various Genera closely and naturally allied one to another. Excepting for the few species, which I don’t possess, the descriptions are taken from the birds in my collection. Genus 1.—Trochilus, Linné, Syst. Nat. 1766, Vol. I. DITe0: Cynanthus, Boie, Isis, 1831. Colubris, Reich, Syst. Av. Nat., 1840, pl. 40. Archilochus, Reich, Troch, Enum, 1855, p. ro. Ornysmia, Muls and Verr, Class. Troch, 1865, p. 91. TypEe.— 7. colubris, Linné. Bill straight, about same length as the head; wings short, tail forked, rectrices pointed. Nostrils hidden by frontal feathers, throat adorned with bright metallic feathers. Sexes unlike in plumage. 1. TROCHILUS COLUBRIS, Linné, Syst. Nat. 1766, Tom. 1 p."TOot: . Red Throated Humming Bird, Edwards, Hist., t. 1, p. 36. Le Petit Rubis de la Caroline, Briss, Ornith, t. 3, p. 38. Habttaf, North America to Veragua, Cuba, Bahamas, and Bermudas. _ Male.—-Upperside and flanks bronzy-green, chin black, throat metallic ruby red, Breast and underside white, tinged with green, Medium rectrices golden green, lateral purplish brown, bill black. ET aes te € ? Genera of Humming Birds. B : *. Total length, 3} in.; wings, 1$; tail, 18; Culmen, ré. Female. —U pperside pale golden green, underside white. 2. TROCHILUS ALEXANDRI, Bourc and Muls, Ann. Soci. Science, Lyon, (1846). Purple Throated Humming Bird, Gould, Monogr. Troch, Mol RL pat 3. L'Ornysme d'Alexandre Muls. Hist. nat. des. Oiseaux. mouches, t, 4, p. 62. Habitat. California and Mexico. Male—Head dark brown. Upperside bronzy-green. Throat, black, bounded beneath by a brilliant band of metallic purple, a pure white band on breast, abdomen and flanks grey spotted with bronze feathers. Undertail coverts white with metallic: green central spots, medium retrices bronzy-green, lateral black, glossed with green, bill straight and black. Total length, 32 in.; wing, 13; tail, 14; Culmen, §. Female.—Upperside metallic green, dull on top of head. Underside grayish with centre of abdomen white, central feathers metallic green, lateral greenish gray at base, then black with whitish rufous tips, in some these tips are pure while. : | x This species was discovered by Mr. Alexander in Mexico, and it was dedicated to him by Messrs. Bourcier and Mulsant. . It is a rare species; but I have been fortunate in getting a fine series from San Diego, co. California. 3. TROCHILUS VIOLAJUGULUM, Jeff. Auk. 1888, p. 168. Purple Throated Humming Bird.. Oiseau mouche à gorge violette. Habitat, Santa Barbara (California). Male.—Upperside metallic green and gold, dull on forehead. Throat metallic violet with bluish reflections. Chin and line between gorget dull, a dull gray belt across the breast behind the throat. Breastand abdomen metallicgreen. Flanks green tipped with brown, ventral medium lines dullish. Wings purple-black. Primaries broad to tin, that of the first curved back, graduated in length from first to last. Tail slightly forked, feathers broad except the last pair, which are abruptly narrow and linear. Middle feathers and base of second pair, metallic green, rest dark with a distinct purple hue. Under tail-coverts white with metallic green central spots. * Although I give the total length for each species, it is not to be relied upon, in the strict sense of the word; as the total length depends entirely from who prepared the skin. It is just as easy, when skinning, to shorten or lengthen the skin, by one inch, less os more, according to size of bird: ~ pra | | 4 Genera of Hunming Birds. Total length, 360; wing, 182; tail, 118; culmen, 75. It resembles very much to C. Anne, less the crown patch and the violet of the throat, instead of saphire. It is also distin- guishable from Z. Alexandr. by its larger size, broad primaries, and all the peculiarities of the tail. Only one specimen of this species is known. It is in Jeffries Collection. Mr. Jeffries says ‘‘ As but one specimen was procured, it might be a hybrid between 7, Alexandri and C. Lucifer ; but this is highly improbable, as it lacks the ruff and crown patch of one, and has a different wing and tail from either. It is more between 7, Alexandri and C. Anne; but it lacks the crown patch of the latter.” I should like very much to possess one specimen of this remarkable species, as by the description alone, it seems to me to be only a race of Zrochilus Alexandri. In some of my specimens of 7! Alexandri the tail is similar to this species. In another, kindly offered to me by the authorities of Smithsonian Institution, and which was collected by Mr. Henshaw, at Sonoita Valley, Arizona, the bill is $ inch longer than in those of San Diego Co. Genus II.—Calypte, Gould Int. Troch., 1861, p. 87. TYPE O. COSTAE, Bourcier. Bill longer than the head, straight or slightlyarched. Feathers of crown and throat, brilliantly metallic. Tail short, the three outer feathers stiff, narrow and slightly incurved, tarsi clothed. Feet small, hind and fore toes nearly equal in length, the metallic feathers on sides of neck very elongated. 4. CaLyPTEe CosTaé. Bourc. Rev. Zool., 1836, p. 294. Mellisuga coste, Gray, Gen. of Birds. Vol. I, p. 113. Selasphorus costa, Bonap., Consp., Gen. Av., 1850, p. 52. Afthis coste, Reich, Aufz. der Colibr, 1853, p. 12. Leucaria coste, Muls., Hist. Nat. des Ois. mou. t. IV., p. 69. Costws Calypte, Gould, Mon. Troch. Vol. III., p. 124. Leucarie de Costa, Muls., Hist. nat. des Ois mou. t. IV., p. 69. Habitat. Mexico and California. Male.—U pperside bronzy green, head, throat and elongated feathers of neck metallic purple with lilac and blue reflections, according to light. Breast and centre of abdomen pure white. Flanks pale bronzy green, undertail coverts white, bronzy green at centre. ‘Tail green, two outer rectrices brownish gray with black tips, bill black. Total length, 2#in.; wing, 17; tail, 1; culmen, 2. . female, Upperside bronzy-green, greyish on top of head. Underside grayish-white, throat with a few feathers forming Genera of Humming Biras. 5 a spot, metallic lilac. Median rectrices bronzy green, . lateral, gray at base, then black with white tips, This fine species was dedicated to Marquis Costa de Beauregard, who was a very enthusiast collector, and had in his time one of the finest collection of Humming Birds. I bought his collection in 1878, and I found among many rare species, what I consider as the types, male and female of this species. *5, CALYPTE FLORESII, Gould, Mon. Troch. Vol. LIT De 120: S2lasphorus fioresti, Gould, Mon. Troch., Vol. III., p. 139. Floresi’s Flame-bearer, Gould, Mon. Troch., Vol. II1., p. 139. Le Selasphore de Floresi, Muls., Hist. Nat., Ois. m. t. IV,, . 98. Habitat, Bolanos, Mexico. Male.— Back bronzy green, crown and throat metallic scarlet with violet reflections. Underside grayish white, -excepting flanks, which are bronzy green. Wings purplish brown. Median retrices green with purple reflections, outer webs of lateral feathers purple, inner deep reddish buff, bill black. Total length, 345. wing, 12; tail, 12; culmen, 2. Female.—Unknown ; probably like C. coste. This remarkable species was discovered in 1845 by Mr. Floresi, who sent it to Mr. Georges Loddiges. It is unique, and still in the Loddiges Collection. 3 6. CALYPTE ANN&, Less, Ois, Mouch. 1829, p. 205. Ornysmia anne, Less, Ois, Mouch. 1829, p. 205. Troehilus anna, Aud, B. Amer. Vol. iv, p. 425. Mellisuga anna, Gray, Gen. of Birds. Vol. i, p. 113. Selasphorus anna, Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. 1850, p. 52. Atthis anna, Reich, Aufz der Colib. 1853, p. 12. Anna’s Calypte, Gould, Mon. Troch. Vol. iii. , P. 135. Calypie d'Anna, Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois Mouch, t. iv. D. 74. Habitat Mexico and California. Male.— Upper side golden green. Head, throat and elongated feathers of neck metallic crimson. Breast and centre of abdomen grey. Flanks golden green. Under-tail coverts golden green edged with grey. Median rectrices golden green, lateral dark brown with pale margins. Bill black. Total length, 3%in.: wing, 14, and tail, 13. Culmen, 3. Female.—Upperside golden green. Underside grey with flanks golden green. ‘Throat spotted in middle with metallic * All the species marked so * are those which I have not got and am willing to purchase. . 6 ‘Genera of Humming Birds. crimson red feathers. Median rectrices golden green, lateral grey at base, then golden green, then black, the two outer ‘feathers tipped with white. Bull black. - This species was dedicated to Mrs. Anna, Duchess of Rivoli, wife of Mariscal Massena, who formed a very fine collection of Birds, which is now the property of the AIS) of Sciences of Philadelphia, United States. ; I have killed many specimens of both sexes of this species in San F rancisco, California, where it is abundant. 7. CALYPTE ES Lembeye, Aves, Isle of Cuba. 1850, p. 70: Oneness bootht, Gund, Jour. fur Ornith. 1856, p. 99. Helena’ s Calypte, Gould, Mon. Troch. Vol. III. » Pp. 136. Le Calypte a’ Helene, Muls. Hist. nat. Ois. Mou., t iv., p. 78. Hlabitat—Cuba. Male. —Upperside and flanks greenish blue. Head, throat and elongated feathers of neck metallic crimson, Underside whitish. Tail metallic greenish blue. Wings purplish brown. Bill black. Total length, 2$in. Wing, 1%. Tail, 3. Culmen, 4. Female.—Upperside dark green changing into bluish green on the lower part of back. Underside greyish white. Median rectrices dark bluish green, lateral bluish green at base, rest black tipped white, bill black. This diminutive species, the smallest known, was discovered at Cadenas (Cuba) by Doctor Jean Gundlach. It is still very rare. J-have only one young male in my collection. Genus III. Mellisuga, Brisson, Ornith, 1760, t. III , p. 695. Dyes, Muls and Verr., Class Troch., 1865, p. 88. Type T. Minimus, Linné. Bill straight, shorter than the head, rather wide at base, graduating to a point. Wings long and primaries narrow. Tail slightly forked. No parure. Sexes alike. Size very minute. Habitat, Jamaica, Haiti, Sto. Domingo. 8. MELLIsucA Minima. Linn, Syst. Naturae, 1766. Vol. I. Delos: | Le plus petit Oiseau mouche, Buff. Pl. enlum, 276, fig. 1. Trochilus Minutulus, Vieill, Ois. Amer., Sept. 1807, t. 2,p.73. + Trochilus Vieilloti, Shaw. Gen. Zool., Vol. VIII., p. 347. ~