. : , . )UATE SCHOOL MONTEREY. CALIFORNIA 93940 NPS68-85-007 // NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM 0PT0MA9 20-25 February, 1984 OPTOMASF 3-4 March, 1984 0PT0MA10 23-24 April , 1984, by Paul A. Jrfittmann Michele. M. Rienecker Edward A. Kelley, Jr. Christopher N.K. Mooers February 1985 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Prepared for: FEDDOCS Office of Naval Research D 208.14/2 Environmental Sciences Directorate (Code 420) NPS-68-85-007 Arlington, VA 22217 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL ■COL Monterey, California 93943 Commodore R.H. Shumaker David A. Schrady Superintendent Provost This report is for the research project "Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis" sponsored by the Physical Oceanography Program of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 61153N. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized. This report was Prepared by: Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER NPS68-85-007 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM OPTOMA9, 20-25 February 1984 OPTOMASF, 3-4 March 1984 OPTOMAIO^ 23-24 April 1984 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Report for October 1982 to February 1985. 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHORC*; Paul A. Wittmann, Michele M. Rienecker, Edward A. Kelley, Jr., Christopher N.K. Mooers B. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*.) 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS 61153N N0001484WR24051 II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS Office of Naval Research (Code 420) Arlington, VA 22217 12. REPORT DATE February 1985 13. NUMBER OF PAGES (60) 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 AODRESSf/f different from Controlling Olflce) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (ol this report) Unclassified 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION ST ATEMENT (of this Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abatract entered In Block 20, If different from Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverae aide If neceaeary and Identify by block number) California Current System Physical Oceanography Dynamic Oceanography 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverae aide If neceaeary and Identify by block number) The cruises OPTOMA9, OPTOMASF, and OPTOMA10 were undertaken in February, March and April of 1984 to sample subdomains of the California Current System. This report presents the hydrographic data, acquired by XBT and CTD casts, from the cruises. DD i JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE S/N 0102- LF- 014- 6601 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Bntered) Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Data Entarad) S N 0102- LF- 014- 6601 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS P*GEfW)«n Data Entarad) Hydrographic Data from the OPTOMA Program: OPTOMA9 20 - 25 February, 1984 OPTOMA SF 3 - 4 March, 1984 OPTOMA10 23 - 24 April, 1984 by Paul A. Wittmann Michele M. Rienecker Edward A. Kelley, Jr. Christopher N. K. Mooers Chief Scientist: C. N. K. Mooers The OPTOMA Program is a joint program of Department of Oceanography Center for Earth and Planetary Physics Naval Postgraduate School Harvard University Monterey, CA 93943. Cambridge, MA 02138. TABLE OF CONTENTS DUDLEY I PAGE LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION DATA ACQUISITION DATA PROCESSING DATA PRESENTATION SECTION 1: 0PT0MA9 SECTION 2: OPTOMASF SECTION 3: OPTOMAIO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1 i i i i 2 3 3 4 7 31 49 58 58 59 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Caption Page 1. Scientific instruments aboard R/V ACANIA 6 2. 0PT0MA9 Station Listing 11 3. OPTOMASF Station Listing 35 4. 0PT0MA10 Station Listing 53 n LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Caption Page 1. The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA 1 Program. Isobaths are shown in meters. 2. The cruise track for 0PT0MA9. 8 3. XBT and CTD station locations for 0PT0MA9. 9 4. Station numbers for 0PT0MA9. 10 5 (a)-(d). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 14 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA9). 6 (a)-(b). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 18 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA9). 7 (a)-(g). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 20 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA9). 8 (a)-(c). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 24 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's. (0PT0MA9). 9. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's 27 and (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard standard deviations. (0PT0MA9). 10. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 28 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA9). 11. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 29 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA9). 12. Mean N2 profile, with + and - the standard 30 deviation. (0PT0MA9). l n LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Caption Page 13. The cruise track for OPTOMASF. 32 14. XBT and CTD station locations for OPTOMASF. 33 15. Station numbers for OPTOMASF. 34 16. XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 36 multiples of 5C (OPTOMASF). 17. CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 37 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (OPTOMASF). 18. Profiles of temperature and salinity from CTD 38 casts deeper than 250m. (OPTOMASF). 19. Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 39 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (OPTOMASF). 20. Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 40 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's. Dotted lines are used if the cast was too shallow. (OPTOMASF). 21. Mean temperature profiles, with + and - the 41 standard deviations, from (a) casts shallower than 150m and (b) casts deeper than 300m. (OPTOMASF). 22. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 42 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD casts shallower 150m. (OPTOMASF). 23. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) 43 sigma-t, with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD casts deeper than 300m. (OPTOMASF). 24. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with + 44 and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's shallower than 150m. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (OPTOMASF). IV LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Caption Page 25. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S 45 relation, with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's deeper than 300m. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MASF). 26. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - 46 the standard deviation ( ), from the CTD's shallower than 150m. The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) (••••) is also shown. (OPTOMASF). 27. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - 47 the standard deviation ( ) from the CTD's _deeper than_300m. The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) (••••) is also shown. (OPTOMASF). 28. The cruise track for 0PT0MA10. 50 29. XBT and CTD station locations for 51 0PT0MA10. 30. Station numbers for 0PT0MA10. 52 31. XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 54 multiples of 5C. (0PT0MA10). 32. CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 55 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA10). 33. Along-track isotherms. Tick marks 56 along the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow. (0PT0MA10). 34. Mean temperature profiles, with + and - 57 the standard deviation. (OPTOMA 10). V 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 1: The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA Program. Isobaths are shown in meters. INTRODUCTION The OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis) Program, a joint NPS/Harvard program sponsored by ONR, seeks to understand the mesoscale (fronts, eddies, and jets) variability and dynamics of the California Current System and to determine the scientific limits to practical mesoscale ocean forecasting. To help carry out the aims of this project, a series of cruises has been planned in two subdomains, NOCAL and CENCAL, shown in Figure 1. The three cruises presented in this report, 0PT0MA9, OPTOMASF, and 0PT0MA10, were undertaken aboard the R/V ACANIA. The cruise 0PT0MA9 was conducted from 20 to 25 February, 1984 and covered part of the CENCAL domain. Hydrographic data were acquired in an area 180 km cross-shore by 170 km alongshore, centered about 150 km offsore, with additional transects to and from the domain as shown in Figure 2. The track pattern consisted of three diamonds with parallel tracks, separated by roughly 60 km, along which hydrographic stations were occupied every 10 km. The cruise OPTOMASF was conducted on 3 and 4 March, 1984 and covered the shelf region between Monterey, CA and San Francisco, CA. Hydrographic data were acquired in an area 75 km cross-shore by 150 km alongshore, as shown in Figure 13. The track pattern consisted of three alongshore transects and two cross shelf transects, along which hydrographic stations were occupied every 10 km. The cruise 0PT0MA10 was conducted on 23 and 24 April, 1984 and was originally planned to cover part of the CENCAL region. However, due to rough weather conditions, the cruise was aborted after the completion of one transect, shown in Figure 28. Hydrographic stations were occupied every 10 km. Transect extremes are identified by letter on the cruise tracks for 0PT0MA9, OPTOMASF and 0PT0MA10, in Figures 2, 13, and 28, respectively, to aid in cross referencing the data in subsequent Figures. DATA ACQUISITION Data acquired during 0PT0MA9, OPTOMASF, and 0PT0MA10 include XBT and CTD profiles and continuous 2 m thermal sal i nog raph measurements. A bucket surface temperature and a water sample for salinity were taken at every CTD station. These surface values and those at 2 m were used for calibration purposes as well as contributions to the data base. Continuous meteorological data such as atmospheric pressure at a height of 2 m and wind speed and direction at a height of 20 m and intermittent acoustic Doppler velocity data were also recorded. The XBT, CTD and continuous "underway" data were digitized using a HP 5328 frequency counter and a 40 channel digital voltmeter. The continuous data were averaged over two-minute intervals. All data were recorded, using an HP 9835 computer, on data cassettes and transferred ashore to the IBM 3033 mainframe computer for editing and processing. Station positions were determined by Loran C fixes and are claimed to be accurate to within about 0.1 km. Table 1 on page 6 summarizes the various sensors available on the R/V ACANIA and their accuracy. The bottle surface salinity samples were determined ashore by a Guildline Model 8400 "Autosal" sal inometer with an accuracy of jK).003 ppt. DATA PROCESSING Data processing, such as estimating depth profiles for the XBT temperature profiles based on the XBT's descent speed, and conversion of CTD conductivity to salinity using the algorithm given in Lewis and Perkin (1981), was carried out on the IBM 3033 at the Naval Postgraduate School. The data were then edited by removing obvious salinity spikes and eliminating cast failures that were not identified during the cruise. The percentage of casts retained were 99%, 95%, and 100% for QPT0MA9, 0PT0MASF, and 0PT0MA10, respectively. From a comparison c the CTD surface salinities with the surface salinities from the bottle samples I was determined that no correction to the CTD salinities was needed. The CTD dat were interpolated to 5 m intervals and then up and down casts were averaged. The data have been transferred on digital tape to the National Oceanographic Data Center in Washington, DC. DATA PRESENTATION The data from 0PT0MA9, 0PT0MASF, and 0PT0MA10 are presented in sections 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The cruise track, station locations (with XBT's and CTD's identified) and station numbers are shown in the first three figures of each section. These figures are followed by a listing of the stations, with their coordinates, the date and time at which the station was occupied, and the surface information obtained at the station. Vertical profiles of temperature from the XBT casts are shown in staggered fashion. The location of these profiles may be found by reference to the various maps of the cruise tracks. Transect extremes are identified as nearly as possible. The first profile on each plot is shown with its temperature unchanged; to each subsequent profile an appropriate multiple of 5C has been added. Vertical profiles from the CTD's follow. Profiles of temperature are staggered by 5C and those of salinity by 4 ppt. Isotherms for each transect are shown in the next pages, followed by isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's in sections 1 and 2. Based on instrument accuracy and the vertical temperature gradient, it is estimated that depths of isotherms in the main thermocline are uncertain to +20m The tick marks identify station positions and, again, the transect extremes are shown on these plots. Section 1 includes mean profiles of temperature from the XBT's. In addition mean profiles of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD ' s are given as well as a scatter diagram of the T-S pairs and the mean S(T) curve with the + standard deviation envelope. This section concludes with a plot of the mean N2 (Brunt-Vaisala frequency squared) profile with + the standard deviation. On the sigma-t and N2 plots, the appropriate profiles derived from the mean temperature and mean salinity profiles are also shown. Section 2 contains similar profiles as those in Section 1, except that the CTD and XBT casts were combined, and then subdivided according to the maximum depth of each cast. Plots are given from all casts less than 150 meters depth, and from all casts greater than 300 meters depth to contrast and compare the hydrographic properties of on shelf and off shelf water masses. Section 3 concludes with the mean temperature profile from all casts. Table 1: Scientific instruments aboard the R/V ACANIA Instrument Variable Sensor Accuracy Resol ution Neil Brown CTD Mark 1 1 lb pressure temperature conductivity strain gage thermistor electrode cell 1.6 db 0.005 C 0.005 mmho 0.025 db 0.0005 C 0.001 mmho Sip pi can BT temperature depth thermistor descent speed 0.2 C greater of and 2% of i 4.6 m depth * Guildline Autosal conductivity electrode cell 0.003 ppt 0.0002 ppt Amatek velocity straza profiles 4 beam ADVP to 100m sonar 3 cm/ sec relative to ship speed 3 cm/sec Rose mount Sensor sea surface temperature platinum thermometer 0.05 C 0.005 C Sea-Bird Sensors Internav LC408 L0RAN C tempe rature conductivity at 2 meters thermistor electrode cell 0.003 C 0.003 mmho position two chain LOR AN receiver 0.0005 C 0.0005 mmho Rose mount Sensor air temperature thermometer 0.01 C Kavol ico Barometer atmospheric pressure pressure transducer 1.5 mb 0.1 mb * 1200 EPS Hygrometer dew point condensation temp, sensor 0.2 C 0.02 C Meteorology Res. Inc. wind speed anemometer 0.15 mph or 1% Meteorol ogy Res. Inc. wind direction vane 2.5 degrees 100 meters 10 meters Motorola Mini ranger position microwave transponders 4 meters 2 meters * Not operating on the 0PT0MA9 cruise. # Intermittent SECTION 1 OPTOMA9 20 - 25 FEBRUARY 1984 41N 39N 37N 35N , Eureka \^ Cape Mend ocino • :..) Pt. Ai ■en a ^V >r^ San ^£_\Francisco G |D I F (M y A Monterey V Pt. Sur VW E :H C \-, Morro : >Bay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 2: The cruise track for OPTOMA9. 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 3: XBT and CTD station locations for 0PT0MA9. 10 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 4: Station numbers for 0PT0MA9. 1 1 Table 2: 0PT0MA9 Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM) (DDD.MM) (DEG C) SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1 XBT 83051 1954 36 .35 122 05 12 8 2 XBT 84051 2038 36 .33 122 13 13 0 3 XBT 84051 2114 36 .30 122 18 13 2 4 XBT 84051 2239 36 .25 122 33 13 2 5 XBT 84051 2317 36 .23 122 39 13 0 6 XBT 84051 2357 36 20 122 46 13 1 7 XBT 84052 39 36 18 122 53 13 2 8 CTD 84052 11 36 13 122 57 13 2 9 XBT 84052 358 36 09 123 03 13 0 10 XBT 84052 434 36 04 123 05 13 2 11 XBT 84052 516 35 57 123 07 13 0 12 XBT 84052 554 35 52 123 10 13 3 13 XBT 84052 633 35 47 123 13 13 1 14 XBT 84052 706 35 42 123 15 13 2 15 XBT 84052 749 35 36 123 18 13 5 16 CTD 84052 18 35 28 123 19 13 5 17 XBT 84052 1134 35 36 123 23 13 5 18 XBT 84052 1238 35 43 123 25 13 3 19 XBT 84052 1325 35 47 123 27 13 1 20 CTD 84052 1444 35 52 123 30 13 1 21 XBT 84052 1554 35 57 123 32 12 9 22 XBT 84052 1657 36 03 123 34 13 0 23 XBT 84052 1811 36 08 123 37 12 8 24 CTD 84052 2105 36 14 123 40 12 8 25 XBT 84052 2239 36 20 123 43 12 6 26 XBT 84053 12 36 26 123 45 12 6 27 XBT 84053 140 36 .32 123 47 12 6 28 XBT 84053 417 36 .38 123 50 12 5 29 XBT 84053 645 36 .43 123 53 12 6 30 XBT 84053 853 36 .49 123 55 12 6 31 XBT 84053 1106 36 .54 123 58 12 6 32 CTD 84053 1349 37 .00 124 00 12 7 33 XBT 84053 1437 36 .54 124 02 12 5 34 XBT 84053 1530 36 .48 124 05 12 5 35 XBT 84053 1615 36 .43 124 07 12 5 36 XBT 84053 1659 36 .37 124 10 12 6 37 XBT 84053 1748 36 .31 124 13 12 7 38 XBT 84053 1833 36 .25 124 15 12 3 39 XBT 84053 1921 36 .19 124 18 12 5 40 CTD 84053 2052 36 .14 124 20 12 8 41 XBT 84053 2150 36 .08 124 .23 12 9 42 XBT 84053 2243 36 .02 124 .25 12 8 43 XBT 84053 2331 35 .57 124 .28 13 2 44 CTD 84054 48 35 .51 124 .30 13 7 45 XBT 84054 128 35 .47 124 .33 13 .7 32.70 13.4 32.78 32.40 32.41 13.6 13.1 12.8 32.37 13.0 32.61 32.89 13.7 13.7 32. 7! 32.82 32.43 32.46 32. 3i 32.68 32.92 12 STN TYPE YR/DAY 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84054 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 84055 GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 209 257 442 630 736 827 915 1006 1055 1144 1336 1422 1505 1557 1644 1727 1814 1858 2022 2058 2138 2217 2329 12 50 132 247 328 406 448 519 556 639 717 840 944 1025 1107 1156 1238 1316 1401 1528 1627 1722 35 35 35 35 42 36 29 36 35.42 35.47 35.52 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 57 03 08 14 20 26 32 38 43 49 55 59 54 48 43 37 31 26 20 15 09 04 58 53 48 42 36 30 37 42 48 54 00 04 10 14 20 26 124.35 124.38 124.41 124.42 124.45 124.48 124.51 124.53 124.55 124.57 125.00 124.57 124.54 124.53 124.50 124.47 124.45 124.43 124.39 124.37 124.35 124.33 124.30 124.28 124.25 124.23 124.19 124.17 124.15 124.12 124.10 124.07 124.04 124.03 123.59 123.57 123.55 123.52 123.50 123.47 123.45 123.42 123.39 123.36 123.34 13.5 13.9 14.3 14.4 13.8 13.8 13.9 14 14 14 14 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.5 13 13 12 12.8 12.2 12 12 12 12.8 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 13.0 13.4 13 13 13 12 12.8 13.0 12 12 12 12 12 12 33.09 33.08 32.75 32.53 32.51 32.89 14.4 33.21 14.3 33.13 12.9 12.7 13.1 13.9 32.81 32.65 32.64 32.91 32.53 13.0 32.65 13 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 91 XBT 84055 1810 36.32 123.32 12.6 92 XBT 84055 1903 36.38 123.30 12.5 93 XBT 84055 1958 36.43 123.27 12.6 94 XBT 84055 2054 36.49 123.25 12.6 95 XBT 84055 2152 36.55 123.22 12.6 96 XBT 84055 2244 37.00 123.20 12.5 97 XBT 84055 2333 36.54 123.18 12.6 98 XBT 84056 26 36.48 123.15 12.6 99 XBT 84056 114 36.43 123.13 12.8 100 XBT 84056 204 36.37 123.10 12.6 101 XBT 84056 300 36.31 123.07 12.6 102 XBT 84056 343 36.26 123.05 12.7 103 XBT 84056 433 36.20 123.02 12.8 104 XBT 84056 514 36.15 122.59 12.7 14 o m O (J m H 0) (C +J a) i— I ■H 4-1 o a Eh m x 0) D •H &4 o o o o CM O O ro O O O O m o o to (ui) mdea 15 in v U 3 ry H Pn (lu) iud9Q 16 o in CD U 3 tji •H o o o o o o O O O o m o o to (iu) q+dea 17 U -' H fa o o o O o o o o o O o o CN ro ^ m CO (iu) q|daa 500 Q. Q 1000 1500 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 80 30 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 500 Q. Q 1000 1500 ^w^^^^T^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^r^^^^^^^^^nr^^™^^^^ \ I 20 16 B C \ 32 44 40 48 56 24 E F 80 Figure 6(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (OPTOMA9). 19 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 80 Q. a u l'li 500 - 68 i 64 72 80 88 1000 "56 - Staggered Salinity (ppt) 30 40 50 60 70 500 Q 1000 1500 F G H 80 Figure 6(b) 20 < _ _ m CD O rH C/) CX3 aj 4-1 c c •H o i— 1 N •H T3 o o O 0 CM -C 03 CO Vj Q CD & a • 3 C CD > X. •H 4-1 00 M CD e M o CO 1— 1 CO en S-i • Cfl CD ^-v ^ ja crs S-i e < CO 3 s e c o ^■*s. 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""<$.. st/^ **# ^-^-T •. * • • — ^z~zz-^^' ' * • • "•• > tt\ 1 v • * • *•• '1 1 /I **•♦. "^ '"* -l-> - Oh Oh o >, C ro -t-> — ■a a £ P • *—4 • «— H CD —^ CTj x a> CO p < s O I o CM ti a, I'D c o 03 — + x: c O P 25 •H 0 i — i 3 -C VJ CO C 0 0 CO •H .H 4-> 03 03 rH CD CD M >h 03 o CO CO m i sh CO E-< 3 0 C P 03 C a> 0 e u •— p O XI l <* -^ 03 CO C3^ e TD CT> C -H 03 CO a CO T3 Pu >H CD •H P O 03 U CO >, a cu .+-> ^ <— 1 C'J • r-H 03 CO CD 1 CO Eh pH ed •~- • m 03 CO o Q Eh CV •• CJ CO <-H CD 0 p 3 E cn 0 o •H M _ Cu M-l CO lO CO OT> LO CO (3 §ap) sjn^-Qjaduiax 30 10* x N2 (sec-2) 1.0 1.5 2.0 100- 200- Q 300- 400- 500 3.0 Figure 12: Mean Nz profile, with + and standard 'deviation. (0PT0MA9). - the SECTION 2 OPTOMASF 3-4 MARCH 1984 32 39N 38N 37N 36N 124W San Francisco A f Monterey Pt. Sur 123W 122W 121W 120W Figure 13: The cruise track for OPTOMASF. 33 39N 38N 37N San Francisco 36N 124W 123W 122W 121W 120W Figure 14: XBT and CTD station locations for OPTOMASF, 34 39N 38N 37N 36N 124W San Francisco Monterey Pt. Sur 123W 122W 121W 120W Figure 15: Station numbers for OPTOMASF. 35 Table 3: OPTOMASF Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM) (DDD.MM) (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1 CTD 84064 1059 36 40 121 57 13 0 33 22 13 1 32 79 2 XBT 84064 1140 36 45 122 00 12 4 3 XBT 84064 1147 36 46 122 01 12 0 4 XBT 84064 1217 36 49 122 04 12 7 5 CTD 84064 1255 36 53 122 07 12 6 33 33 12 7 33 36 6 CTD 84064 1447 36 55 122 17 12 0 33 34 12 1 33 36 7 CTD 84064 1625 36 52 122 22 11 7 33 17 12 0 33 17 8 CTD 84064 1803 36 50 122 28 12 2 32 63 12 3 32 66 9 XBT 84064 1917 36 56 122 30 12 0 10 CTD 84064 2007 37 01 122 31 12 2 32 68 12 2 32 69 11 XBT 84064 2058 37 07 122 33 12 1 12 CTD 84064 2147 37 12 122 34 12 4 32 68 12 4 32 67 13 CTD 84064 2236 37 09 122 39 12 1 32 89 12 1 32 89 14 CTD 84064 2336 37 07 122 46 12 7 32 71 12 7 32 72 15 CTD 84065 40 37 06 122 51 12 9 32 79 12 9 32 82 16 XBT 84065 124 37 .10 122 55 12 8 17 CTD 84065 225 37 14 122 .58 13 0 32 85 13 0 32 86 18 XBT 84065 305 37 .19 122 57 12 7 19 XBT 84065 338 37 .23 122 55 12 6 20 CTD 84065 424 37 .27 122 .53 11 .9 32 .84 12 0 32 .79 21 XBT 84065 500 37 .32 122 .50 12 .0 36 o o o o CN O o O O O O o o CO CO < o Eh o u in iw 0 co CD I— I Ck •H 4-J .-) 3 E >i X} T3 CD 0 tn Cn rC 4-) 0) CO cd ■H 4-1 o u a cu 3 +J fO Sh cu a e a) +j Eh CQ X iX) CD o Cn ■h fa (lu) ludea 37 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 80 50 100 Q_ S 150 200 250 30 50 - 100 £ 150 200 250 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 1 5 B 80 r"^^^^ D ^^^^^¥" 20 14 15 17 E F G Figure 17: CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (OPTOMASF). 38 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 500 CL Q 1000 i i I i i i I i y^» r 80 7 8 1500 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 500 - a. a> Q 1000 - 80 1500 Figure 18: Profiles of temperature and salinity from CTD casts deeper than 250m. (OPTOMASF). 39 O S Q o O DQ m < ^ L :Tj ^J c o o CS 0 N ■H 0 CG x: Q h D * a C a V 3 > H 11 CP • J3 *— > 4-J CD h U CO Cn rfl < C 2 0 w o i— l u e-t (0 X! o w £ — ^ 3 , , M C £ (0 C 3 J* 0 0 *■ — ' ^ •H rH cd U 4-> rH u •H (0 rC c Eh 4-1 £ CO CO o a ° » co (D 0 £ 0 b £ 0 4J M W CD CO x H 0 CO •H (0 M 4-) O 0 ■H Q 300 400 B 6 c 8 10 D E F G 12 13 14 15 17 20 100 Distance (km) 200 6 7 8 10 12 13 14 15 17 20 O. 100 - 200 300 400 ■■ 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 20: Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma-t, from the CTD's. Dotted lines are used if the cast was too shallow. (OPTOMASF). 41 o CM m _ O O) CD ^2 CD Q. E o o o o Csl o o o o o o LO (LU) q+d9Q 'fi M X, u w c 0 ■H +J ra ■H > CD S-l — T3 CO 4J O CO £h a) o x: — E o o ra n + c ra x x: ■H CD co a; aj a> •H ra ■h x: Cu CO (lu) MjdaQ 42 CM o cm E CM O O (uj) q|d8Q CL 00 , CM K) o o o (lu) q|daa 43 CN CD in O O o o o o o o o o m (lU) l]\dBQ Q. >> CM ■ ■ rd ■ / y^ S " / ^^ / ' / ' ' / " ' 1 / ' y 1 ~ ** 1 1 J 1 / - — y , 1 1 1 1 mm ^_ , o o o o CM O O O O o o in w c 0 ■H ~J (0 •H > 0) T3 (0 -z a x, +J CQ CD +J 43 +J -H 2 I rd E Cn ■H en — Cl, T3 < C £ (0 O Eh >. a. -p o ■H -^ c ■H £ c o rn c ra x: P CO u CD CD ^H Qh •H CD IW CD 0 T3 H Qj CO P C CO f0 03 CD U s Q Eh •• U CM CD x: CD P d e en o •H M (lu) qjdGQ 44 m CO a lO CO (p Sap) ejrrpejaduiajL ia . • • . > .7 - 1 . 1 , 1 , 1 _ i i _l , L .... O lO CO § 4-1 o 0 ■H • •* -P •-> CO 03 Cu •H CO Cj" cu s Oh ■n o Eh T3 CL, o >% m O (T3 — T3 CO -t-> a C 4-1 C • > — i co 3 i— * 0 cd cu .c CO .G CO 4-) q 0 1 CO c\i H CO T3 t0 C (0 CU J4 + f0 © -C CO 4-) J-l i-H ■H D CO 3 0 4J - c C 0 0 u •H 4-1 4-> (0 1 i— 1 ro CO Ti £ c o -+-J to in Oh i-H Ph CO u c o -H Q* CO u 1 0) • i-H i—l Eh 3 cu ■H £ CO iu 4-1 lO CO Oi m CO (3 §3p) satvygaaduisL 45 , '••.. s '••.. "^^r^ "•. •• t ^~-*~~*^*'^ ' ' *••_ '•. ^^^^ ... *♦. **t£^r "•••., % ^"^1 * * "■^ "-. '■•'A/* • ., *•. 'Kf,y! "**... w '•. r/ ''"S *•. V <' ' **.. ''-.._ '*♦., / *. * • • •. '•. "*••.. '""•••* X "*., '•♦., '^-.. J , . l'v * 1 , L __■_ '.-Ni ! . 1 1 lO CO o> to CO (3 §ap) aarvpsaadLuaj, lO CO £ 0 SH O c 0 ** •H CO ■H • CD tj TD CO Ph < TD S o in O CO CO >. ■ 1— 1 fO En 13 a. c o ■ 1 — 1 (T3 — - 4-J f— H CO cd • CD C £ 3 o +J 0 cv 1 0) CO 1! 0 C CO (0 <— 1 (0 + o .c >h *— 1 4-> <0 CO ■H !h - D C 0 0 +J ■H C 4-> 0 r0 U o Sh 1 uO CO mean T-S ted sigma o u -t .Q -H CO — CD CO T3 ■+-> G Oh e CO O Ph N*«— ^ u o <-J •H CO CO >* (0 CD . . — 1 a c co x: -^H 1 4-J f— 1 Eh CO M en ■^ CD to a o ~ CD N cu OJ LD CO CM - Q Bay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 28: The cruise track for OPTOMA10. 51 41N 39N 37N 35N XBT : x CTD : □ , Eureka ) Cape Mend ocino • ..) Pt. A "en a ^vA\ San ^llFrancisco ox X X X X X X X X □ I /-" Monterey I Pt. Sur \-, Morro : >Bay X X X X X X X X X 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 29: XBT and CTD station locations for OPTOMA10. 52 41N 39N 37N 35N / Eu \ c reka ape Mend ocino - .. > Pt. A 'en a ^V 7<^ San ^llFrancisco i 1 1 r' Monterey V Pt. Sur \-, Morro : >Bay k 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 30: Station numbers for OPTOMA10. 53 Table 4: OPTOMA10 Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM) (DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) 1 CTD 84114 1029 36 47 121. 57 10. 2 2 XBT 84114 1243 36 45 122. 09 10. 3 3 CTD 84114 1409 36 44 122. 15 10 7 4 XBT 84114 1441 36 40 122 17 11 5 5 XBT 84114 1515 36 35 122 19 11 6 6 XBT 84114 1558 36 30 122 20 11 8 7 XBT 84114 1632 36 26 122 22 12 1 8 XBT 84114 1708 36 21 122 23 12 1 9 XBT 84114 1746 36 16 122 25 12 2 10 XBT 84114 1829 36 11 122 27 12 1 11 XBT 84114 1908 36 06 122 29 12 2 12 XBT 84114 1950 36 01 122 30 12 3 13 XBT 84114 2029 35 56. 122 32 12 7 14 XBT 84114 2111 35 .51 122 33 13 1 15 XBT 84114 2153 35 .46 122 35 12 7 16 XBT 84114 2239 35 .41 122 .37 12 7 17 XBT 84114 2330 35 .36 122 38 12 9 18 XBT 84115 21 35 .31 122 .40 13 0 19 XBT 84115 118 35 .26 122 .42 12 .7 20 XBT 84115 218 35 .20 122 .43 12 .5 21 XBT 84115 307 35 .15 122 .45 12 .6 33.55 33.55 54 O ■o o d) IT) i_ K) O S en cd ^H C 03 -H 4-> -H c 0 T3 o N Q) o •H £ CM i-l CO 0 03 £ Q h CD • a c Ck CD a > ■H 0) CP x; 4-> 0) M t7> ra c 0 en • r-l in <~> to a) o X! H to £ < y. d s !h C O T (0 Eh E c a, .* 0 O ^ -H ^ CJ 4-> 0) •h 03 o Eh 4-1 • c co 3 O O 0 ° w • CD r-\ CO E rH Q E O (0 M 03 £ (U co £! 4-> • O O co O CO C -P ■H 0 ■H CO ^ 4-1 (0 U -H 3 03 CO M 0 4-1 -p a. co 1 re tJiC o C 0 0 -H CD H 4J XI < 03 4-J +J CO <4H •• -H ro 3 on 0 T3 X! CD CD CO CO Sh 3 3 CO rji-H d) ■H X i-l o b 03 03 (ai) q|d8Q 57 0 0 i — i 100 - 200 0) Q 300 400 500 Temperature (deg C) 5 10 15 20 Figure 34.: Mean temperature profile, with + and - the standard deviation. (OPTOMA10). 58 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was sponsored by the ONR Physical Oceanography Program. The success of the fieldwork was strongly dependent on the competent, willing support of Captain Steve Bliss and other crew members of the R/V ACANIA. Members of the scientific cruise party were: 0PT0MA9 : Ms. Marie C. Colton, Co-Party Chief, NPS Mr. Paul Wittmann, Co-Party Chief, NPS AGAN Mary White, FNOC, USN Ms. Elzbet Diaz de Leon, UC Santa Cruz Mr. Anthony Michaels, UC Santa Cruz Mr. Michael Moore, UC Santa Cruz Ms. Dorothee Teboul , UC Santa Cruz OPTOMASF: Prof. Christopher N.K. Mooers, Chief Scientist COMO Robert H. Shumaker, USN, NPS Superintendent Mr. Paul A. Wittmann, NPS, Party Chief Mr. Theodore H. Calhoon, NPS Ms. Arlene A. Bird, NPS 0PT0MA10 Ms. Marie C. Colton, Co-Party Chief Mr. Paul A. Wittmann, Co-Party Chief Mr. Phil Pinto, UCSC Ms. Susan Healy, UCSC Ms. Kathy Lyons, UCSC Ms. Laura McClelland, UCSC Ms. Sally Aguirre, NEPRF REFERENCE Lewis, E.L. and R.G. Perkin, 1981: The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 conversion of existing data. Deep Sea Res. 28A, 307-328. 59 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defense Technical Information Center 2 Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314 2. Dudley Knox Library 2 Code 0142 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 3. Prof. C.N.K. Mooers, Code 68Mr 52 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 4. Prof. Allan R. Robinson 8 Division of Applied Sciences Pierce Hall , Room 100D Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 5. Dr. Thomas W. Spence 1 Office of Naval Research 800 N. Quincy St. Arlington, VA 22217 6. Naval Postgraduate School Department of Oceanography, Code 68 ATTN: Dr. Michele M. Rienecker, Code 68Rr ATTN: Dr. Edward A. Kel ley, Code 68Kp ATTN: Dr. Laurence C. Breaker, Code 68By ATTN: Dr. Mary Batteen, Code 68Bv ATTN: Ms. Marie C. Colton ATTN: Mr. Paul A. Wittmann 7. Prof. R.L. Smith College of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 8. Dr. Denise E. Hagan Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Code 183-501 4800 Oak Grove Road Pasadena, CA 91109 9. Commanding Officer ATTN: CDR John F. Pfeiffer, USN ATTN: LCDR Michael R. Frost, RN ATTN: Mr. R. Michael Clancy ATTN: Mr. Ken Pollack ATTN: Ms. Evelyn Hesse Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center Monterey, CA 93943 60 10. SANDIA National Laboratories ATTN: Dr. Mel Marietta 1 ATTN: Dr. Eugene S. Hertel 1 Div. 6334 Albuquerque, NM 87185 11. LCDR Craig S. Nelson, NOAA Corps 1 Marine Products Branch, W/NMC21 National Meteorological Center National Weather Service, NOAA Washington, DC 20233 12. Commanding Officer ATTN: Dr. Steve A. Piacsek 1 ATTN: Dr. Dana A. Thompson 1 ATTN: Dr. Harley C. Hurlburt 1 ATTN: Dr. Alexander Warn-Varnas 1 Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity NSTL Station, Bay St. Louis, MS 39525 13. Scripps Institution of Oceanography ATTN: Ms. C. Paden 1 ATTN: Prof. R.E. Davis 1 University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093 14. Prof. George L. Mel lor 1 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Program Princeton University P.O. Box 308 Princeton, NJ 08540 15. Dr. Robert N. Miller 1 Department of Mathematics Tulane University 6823 St. Charles New Orleans, LA 70118 16. LTJG Diane C. Durban, USN 1 NAVOCEANCOMFAC Keflavik Iceland FPO NY 09571 DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY 3 2768 00396471 9