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ARCH REPORTS [ NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCi-lCOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93943

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY. CALIFORNIA 93940

NPS68-84-002

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

Monterey, California

HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM 0PT0MA2, LEGS I AND II 31 JULY - 14 AUGUST, 1982.

by

Michele M. Rienecker Christopher tf.K. Mooers Marie C. Colton Paul A. Wittmann

March 1984

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited,

FEDDOCS

D 208.14/2

NPS-68-84-002

Prepared for:

Office of Naval Research

Environmental Sciences Directorate (Code 420)

Arlington, VA 22217.

~U?Z * NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY Monterey, California 93943

NAVAL POST ' ■■.bCHOOL

MONTEREY 01

David A. Schrady

Commodore R.H. Shumaker Provost

Superintendent

This report is for the research project "Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis" sponsored by the Physical Ocean phy Program of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 6115JN. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized.

This report was prepared by:

1 <vi

Unclassified,

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whit Data Entered)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

t. REPORT NUMBER

NPS68-84-002

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO

3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

4. TITLE (and Subtitle)

HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM. 0PT0MA2, LEGS I AND II, 31 JULY - 14 AUGUST, 1982

5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Report for October 1982 to March 1984.

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHORf*;

Michele M. Rienecker, Christopher N.K. Mooers Marie C. Colton, Paul A. Wittmann

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*)

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943.

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS

61153N N0001484WR24051

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

Office of Naval Research (Code 420) Arlington VA 22217.

12. REPORT DATE

March 1984.

13. NUMBER OF PAGES

65

U. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft ADDRESSf// dltterent Irom Controlling Olllce)

15. SECURITY CLASS, (of thla report)

Unclassified

15a. DECLASSIFI CATION/ DOWN GRADING SCHEDULE

18 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot thle Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot the abetrmct entered In Block 20, II dltterent Irom Report)

18 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree elde It neceeemry and Identity by block number)

California Current System Physical oceanography Dynamic oceanography

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reveree eldo It nacaaeary and Identity by block number)

The cruise 0PT0MA2 was undertaken in August, 1982 to sample a subdomain of the California Current System. This report presents the hydrographic data, acquired by XBT and CTD casts, from the cruise.

DO i JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV «S IS OBSOLETE

S/N 0)02- LF- 014- 6601

Unclassified

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

Hydrographic Data from the OPTOMA Program: OPTOMA2, Legs I and II

31 July - 14 August. 1982

by

Michele M. Rienecker

Christopher N. K. Mooers

Marie C. Colton

Paul A. Wittmann

Chief Scientists: C. N. K. Mooers and A. R. Robinson

The OPTOMA Program is a joint program of Department of Oceanography Center for Earth and Planetary Physics

Naval Postgraduate School Harvard University

Monterey, CA 93943. Cambridge, MA 02138.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

< ...

■

PAGE

LIST OF FIGURES

INTRODUCTION

DATA ACQUISITION

DATA PROCESSING

DATA PRESENTATION

SECTION 1: LEG I

SECTION 2: LEG II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST

l l

2

3

4

6 32 63 63 64

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Caption Page

1. The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA 1 Program. Isobaths are shown in meters.

2. Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg I with transect 7 extremes identified by letter.

3. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg I. 8

4. Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg I. 9

5 (a)-(f). Staggered temperature profiles from the XBT's. 13

Profiles are staggered by a multiple of 5C. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

6 (a)-(c). Temperature profiles, staggered by multiples 19

of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

7 (a)-(d). Isotherms from XPT's and CTD's. Tick marks 22

along the horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are shown. Arrows indicate the positions where the cruise track changed direction. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

8 (a)-(b). Isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t 26

from the CTO's. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

9. T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, 28 Leg I.

10. Profiles of T(z) with + and - the standard 29 deviation from (a) XBT's and CTO's and (b) CTO's

only. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

11. Profiles of (a) mean salinity and (b) mean 30 sigma-t, with + and - the standard deviations,

from the CTO's. (0PT0MA2, Leg I).

12. Profiles of N2(z) ( ), with + and - the 31

standard deviation ( ) and the profile

of N2 from T(z) and S(z) ( ). (OPT0MA2,

Leg I).

13. Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg II with transect 33 extremes identified by letter.

ii

Figure No, Caption Page

14. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg II. 34

15. Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg II. 35

16 (a)-(g). Staggered temperature profiles from the XBT's. 40

Profiles are staggered by a multiple of 5C. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

17 (a)-(e). Temperature profiles, staggered by multiples 47

of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

18 (a)-(d). Isotherms from XBT's and CTD's. Tick marks 52

along the horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are shown. Arrows indicate the positions where the cruise track changed direction. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

19 (a)-(c). Isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t 56

from the CTD's. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

20. T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, 59 Leg II.

21. Profiles of T(z) with + and - the standard 60 deviation from (a) XBT's and CTD's and (b)

CTD's only. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

22. Profiles of (a) mean salinity and (b) mean 61 sigma-t, with + and - the standard deviations,

from the CTD's. (0PT0MA2, Leg II).

23. Profiles of N2(z) ( ), with + and - the 62

standard deviation ( ), and the profile

of N2 from T(z) and S(z) ( ). (0PT0MA2,

Leg II).

in

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 1: The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA Program. Isobaths are shown in meters.

INTRODUCTION

The OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis) Program a joint NPS/Harvard program sponsored by ONR, seeks to understand the mesoscale (fronts, eddies, and jets) variability and dynamics of the California Current System and to determine the scientific limits to practical mesoscale ocean forecasting. To help carry out the aims of this project, a series of cruises has been planned in two subdomains, NOCAL and CENCAL, shown in Figure 1.

The cruise 0PT0MA2 was undertaken, in the R/V ACANIA, for two weeks in August, 1982 and covered part of the NOCAL domain which is roughly 200 km square centered 150 km off the California coast.

Hydrographic data were acquired during two legs: Leg I was carried out during the period 31 July to 5 August and sampled an area 130 km cross-shore by 190 km alongshore with additional transects to and from the domain as shown in Figure 2. The transect extremes are identified by letter to aid in the cross-referencing of data presented in subsequent figures. Leg II was carried out during the period 8 to 14 August and sampled an area roughly 150 km cross-shore by 100 km alongshore as shown in Figure 13. Each leg consisted of a series of parallel transects directed alongshore, separated by roughly 45 km and along which hydrographic stations were occupied every 8.8 km. In addition, there were diagonal transects and tracks to and from the domain. DATA ACQUISITION

Data acquired during 0PT0MA2 include XBT and CTD profiles and continuous 2 m thermal sal inograph measurements. Bucket surface temperature and water samples for salinity were taken at every CTD station. These surface values and those at 2 m were used for calibration purposes as well as contributions to the data base. Continuous meteorological data such as atmospheric pressure at a height of 2 m and wind speed and direction at a height of 20 m were also recorded. The XBT, CTD and continuous "underway" data were digitized using an

HP 5328 frequency counter and a 40 channel digital voltmeter. The continuous data were averaged over one-minute intervals. All data were recorded, using an HP 9835 computer, on data cassettes and transferred ashore to the IBM 3033 mainframe computer for editing and processing.

Station positions were determined by Loran C fixes and are claimed to be accurate to within about 0.1 km. The probe on the Sippican Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) has an accuracy of jK).2C in temperature and +2% or 4.6 m (whichever is greater) in depth. The Neil Brown Instrument Mark 1 1 lb conductivity - temperature - depth (CTD) sensors have an accuracy of jK).005 mmho, jf0.005C, and _+1.6db, respectively. The 2 m underway sensors are from SEA-BIRD Electronics. The temperature sensor, a glass coated thermistor bead, has an accuracy of _+0.003C; the conductivity sensor, a two-terminal flow-through electrode cell, has an accuracy of of jf0.003 mmho/cm. The bottle surface salinity samples were determined ashore by a Guildline Model 8400 "Autosal " salinometer with an accuracy of j+0.003 ppt. The Table on page 6 summarizes the various sensors available on the R/V ACANIA and their accuracy. DATA PROCESSING

Data processing, such as estimating depth profiles for the XBT temperature

profiles based on the XBT's descent speed, and conversion of CTD conductivity

to salinity using the algorithm given in Lewis and Perkin (1981), was carried out

on the IBM 3033 at the Naval Postgraduate School. The data were then edited

by removing obvious salinity spikes and eliminating cast failures that were not

identified during the cruise. Approximately 91% of casts were retained in the

data set. The CTD salinity profiles were corrected by reference to the 2 m

salinity and surface salinity measurements. The surface salinities from the CTD

casts up to Station 110 were too high on average by 0.17 ppt; hence they were

adjusted accordingly. Thereafter, the offset was random and the average difference

between sensors was only 0.02 ppt; hence, no correction was made. The CTD

data were interpolated to 5 m intervals and then up and down casts were averaged.

3

The data have been transferred on digital tape to the National Oceanographic Data Center in Washington, DC.

DATA PRESENTATION

The cruise track, station locations (with XBT's and CTD's identified) and station numbers are shown in the first three figures of each of the next two sections, which present the data from Leg I and Leg II, respectively. These figures are followed by a listing of the stations, with their coordinates, the date and time at which the station was occupied, and the surface information obtained at the station.

Vertical profiles of temperature from the XBT casts are shown in staggered fashion. The location of these profiles may be found by reference to the various maps of the cruise track. Transect extremes are identified as nearly as possible. The first profile on each plot is shown with its temperature unchanged; to each subsequent profile an appropriate multiple of 5C has been added. Vertical profiles from the CTD's follow. Profiles of temperature are staggered by 5C and those of salinity by 4 ppt.

Isotherms for each transect are shown in the next pages, followed by isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's. Based on instrument accuracy and the vertical temperature gradient, it is estimated that the depth of isotherms in the main thermocline are uncertain to _+20m. The tick marks identify station positions and, again, the transect extremes are shown on these plots. In each section, the data presentation concludes with a scatter diagram of T-S pairs, plots of mean and + standard deviation on profiles of temperature from XBT's and CTD's and temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's, and a plot of the mean and +_ standard deviation profiles of N2 (Brunt-Vai sala frequency squared). On the sigma-t and N2 plots, the appropriate profiles derived from the mean temperature and mean salinity profiles are also shown, but these are barely distinguishable from the mean profiles themselves.

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS ABOARD THE R/V ACANIA

Instrument Variable

Sensor

Accuracy

Resolution

Neil Brown pressure strain gage CTD temperature thermistor Mark Illb conductivity electrode cell

1.6 db 0.025 db 0.005 C 0.0005 C 0.005 mmho 0.001 mmho

Sippican temperature thermistor BT depth descent speed

0.2 C

max . of 4 . 6 m

and 2% of depth

Guildline Autosal

conductivity electrode cell 0.003 ppt 0.0002 ppt

Amatek Straza ADVP

velocity profiles to 100m

4 beam sonar

3 cm/sec

relative to

ship speed 3 cm/sec

Rosemount sea surface platinum Sensor temperature thermometer

0.05 C

0.005 C

Sea-Bird temperature thermistor Sensors conductivity electrode cell at 2 meters

0.003 C 0.0005 C 0.003 mmho 0.0005 mmho

Rosemount Sensor	air temperature	thermometer	0.01 C
Kavolico Barometer	atmospheric pressure	pressure transducer	1.5 mb	0.1 mb
*1200 EPS Hygrometer	dew point	condensation temp, sensor	0.2 C	0.02 C
Meteorology Res. Inc.	wind speed	anemometer	0. 15 mph or 1%
Meteorology Res. Inc.	wind direction	vane	2 . 5 degrees

Internav LC408 LORAN C

position

two chain

LORAN

receiver

100 meters 10 meters

Motorola Miniranger

position * Not operating on the 0PT0MA2 cruise.

microwave transponders

4 meters 2 meters

SECTION 1

0PT0MA2 - LEG I 31 JULY to 5 AUGUST 1982

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 2: Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg I with transect extremes identified by letter.

41N

39N

37N

35N

		x> a xx	, Eureka X / x ) Cape Mendocino
\..	x° X 3X>1 % o X x	x X X X X X <x x x a X r xx X X		> ) Pt. A	rena
X a X X >	X X> X * f, x X X X X v X a D X X Xr, X	x □ [ x X x X X D x x x x x X x D x X X X x X			^. 1<T San ^LlFrancisco
	- - - -a - - - x ' a- x x x x x x X X XX r X X	X )	K X X X X X X X X X X X X X
						f Monterey V Pt. Sur
	XBT : X CTD : □				\-. Morro : >Bay

128W 126W 124W

Figure 3: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg I

122W

120W

41N

39N

37N

35N

Cape Mendocino

San Francisco

Monterey Pt. Sur

Morro Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 4: Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg I.

XBT

CTD STATION LISTING

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINTIY (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

1	XBT	82212	1526	37	.00	124	.01	13	9
2	XBT	82212	1733	37	.05	124	.05	15	0
3	XBT	82212	1844	37	.08	124	.07	15	1
4	XBT	82212	2016	37	.12	124	.13	15	1
5	XBT	82212	2132	37	.16	124	.16	14	8
6	XBT	82212	2314	37	.20	124	22	14	0
7	XBT	82213	19	37	.24	124	24	13	6
8	XBT	82213	140	37	.28	124	29	13	3
9	XBT	82213	242	37	.31	124	33	13	0
10	XBT	82213	402	37	.34	124	40	13	2
11	XBT	82213	515	37	.38	124	40	13	3
12	XBT	82213	625	37	.42	124	44	13	6
13	XBT	82213	746	37	.45	124	.44	14	2
14	XBT	82213	910	37	.49	124	.51	14	1
16	XBT	82213	1154	37	.56	124	60	15	4
17	CTD	82213	1252	38	.00	125	03	15	1
18	XBT	82213	1609	38	.04	125	07	14	4
19	XBT	82213	1649	38	.08	125	09	14	6
20	XBT	82213	1726	38	.12	125	11	14	9
21	CTD	82213	1828	38	17	125	14	14	1
22	XBT	82213	1919	38	22	125	16	12	9
23	XBT	82213	1958	38	26	125	17	13	5
24	XBT	82213	2035	38	31	125	20	14	2
26	XBT	82213	2231	38	40	125	25	15	1
27	XBT	82213	2306	38	.45	125	27	15	5
28	XBT	82213	2346	38	49	125	30	15	4
29	CTD	82214	44	38	54	125	32	15	2
30	XBT	82214	134	38	58	125	34	15	6
31	XBT	82214	217	39	02	125	36	15	6
32	XBT	82214	318	39	07	125	38	15	4
33	CTD	82214	432	39	11	125	40	15	3
34	XBT	82214	555	39	15	125	43	15	2
35	XBT	82214	647	39	19	125	45	15	4
36	XBT	82214	743	39	23	125	47	15	7
37	CTD	82214	857	39	28	125	48	15	3
38	XBT	82214	1014	39	32	125	52	15	6
40	XBT	82214	1150	39	34	125	59	15	7
41	CTD	82214	1303	39	33	126	04	15	6
42	XBT	82214	1422 -	39	32	126	09	15	7
43	XBT	82214	1453	39	29	126	14	16	1
44	CTD	82214	1550	39	27	126	20	15	6
45	XBT	82214	1628	39	23	126	18	15	4
46	XBT	82214	1709	39	17	126	16	15	5
47	XBT	82214	1730	39	14	126	14	15	8
48	CTD	82214	1813	39	11	126	11	15	2
49	XBT	82214	1850	39	07	126	10	16	1
50	XBT	82214	1934	39	01	126	07	15	7
51	XBT	82214	2001	38	57	126	06	15	5

33.06

33.14

32.75

32.70

32.62

32.48

32.62

32.69

15.2

15.0

15.2

15.3

15.5

15.7

15.8

33.15

33.11

32.84

32.65

32.68

32.58

32.57

15.4 32.62

10

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

52 CTD 82214 2046 38.53 126.04 14.9 32.70 14.9 32.64

53 XBT 82214 2135 38.48 126.01 15.2

54 XBT 82214 2206 38.44 125.59 14.6

55 XBT 82214 2301 38.40 125.57 14.7

56 CTD 82214 2349 38.36 125.55 14.1 32.70 14.3 32.79

57 XBT 82215 32 38.32 125.54 14.2

58 XBT 82215 108 38.27 125.51 14.0

59 XBT 82215 145 38.23 125.49 16.2

60 CTD 82215 238 38.18 125.47 16.5 32.82 16.5 32.76

61 XBT 82215 315 38.14 125.46 16.9

62 XBT 82215 348 38.10 125.42 16.4

63 XBT 82215 416 38.06 125.39 15.9

64 CTD 82215 503 38.00 125.39 15.7 32.99 15.9 32.82

65 XBT 82215 557 37.57 125.36 15.8

66 XBT 82215 637 37.52 125.33 15.6

67 XBT 82215 711 37.49 125.38 15.8

68 CTD 82215 757 37.50 125.43 15.4 32.87 15.9 32.96

69 XBT 82215 836 37.46 125.44 15.5

71 CTD 82215 1000 37.42 126.00 15.5 32.86 15.7 32.87

72 XBT 82215 1126 37.46 126.01 15.7

73 XBT 82215 1205 37.52 126.04 15.7

74 XBT 82215 1231 37.55 126.05 15.7

75 CTD 82215 1316 37.59 126.08 15.6 32.86 15.7 32.87

76 XBT 82215 1402 38.04 126.10 15.8

79 CTD 82215 1612 38.17 126.16 16.4 32.85 16.5 32.87

80 XBT 82215 1658 38.20 126.19 15.8

81 XBT 82215 1733 38.25 126.21 15.6

82 XBT 82215 1803 38.30 126.22 15.5

83 CTD 82215 1907 38.34 126.25 15.2 32.97 15.4 32.92

84 XBT 82215 2014 38.38 126.28 15.7

85 XBT 82215 2047 38.43 126.30 14.7

86 XBT 82215 2119 38.47 126.32 14.8

87 CTD 82215 2200 38.51 126.34 15.5 32.60 15.5

88 XBT 82215 2249 38.57 126.36 16.0

89 XBT 82215 2317 39.00 126.39 16.3

90 XBT 82215 2351 39.05 126.41 16.4

91 CTD 82216 36 39.09 126.44 16.1 32.76 16.3

92 XBT 82216 124 39.14 126.46 16.2

93 XBT 82216 156 39.18 126.48 16.8

94 XBT 82216 235 39.16 126.55 16.6

95 CTD 82216 317 39.15 126.59 16.3 32.73 16.3 32.65

96 XBT 82216 405 39.13 127.06 17.0

98 CTD 82216 539 39.10 127.16 16.9 32.72 17.0 32.64

99 XBT 82216 649 39.03 127.14 16.7

100 XBT 82216 722 39.01 127.12 16.6

101 XBT 82216 754 38.57 127.10 16.3

102 CTD 82216 839 38.53 127.07 15.6 32.69 15.7 32.82

103 XBT 82216 927 38.48 127.05 15.6

104 XBT 82216 958 38.44 127.03 15.7

105 XBT 82216 1026 38.40 127.01 15.3

106 CTD 82216 1108 38.35 126.58 15.2 32.72 15.3 32.84

11

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

107 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 122 124 125 130 135 137 138 141 142 144 145 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 160 161 162

XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82216 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217 82217

1151

1243

1321

1403

1432

1503

1550

1637

1709

1744

1818

1852

2023

2138

2248

2323

158

435

540

609

745

819

924

953

1031

1135

1205

1238

1311

1343

1415

1446

1515

1600

1642

1707

1806

1840

1909

38.30 38.22 38.18 38.13 38.09 38.05 38.01 37.56 37.52 37.47 37.43 37.38 37.33 37.43 37.53 37.58 38.22 38.45 38.55 38.59 39.13 39.18 39.28 39.32 39.35 39.42 39.46 39.49 39.52 39.56 39.59 40.02 40.06 40.09 40.12 40.15 40.22 40.25 40.28

126.55 126.50 126.49 126.46 126.44 126.41 126.39 126.37 126.35 126.33 126.30 126.28 126.25 126.24 126.21 126.19 126.13 126.07 126.04 126.03 125.60 125.58 125.55 125.54 125.54 125.45 125.41 125.36 125.32 125.26 125.23 125.18 125.14 125.09 125.05 125.01 124.52 124.47 124.43

15.3 15.4 15.7 15.7 15.7 16.0 16.6

16 16 16 16 16

16.8 16.6 16.4

16 16 15 15

16.0 16.7 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.9 16.7 16.8 16.4 16.2 15.8

15 15

14.9 15.2 14.9 14.0 12.8 12.1 12.1

33.00

32.95

15.7

16.7

32.91

33.00

32.87

15.3

33.00

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Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

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Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400

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60

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i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

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Figure 9: T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, Leg I.

28

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31

SECTION 2

0PT0MA2 - LEG II 8 AUGUST to 14 AUGUST 1982

32

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 13: Cruise track for 0PT0MA2, Leg II with transect extremes identified by letter.

33

41N

39N

37N

35N

		> X D	1 Eureka x ( xxx ) Cape Menc	ocino
x*' a X	xXxS1c O t (X D x	X xH X D X □ X k x D < X x x x D X X x x p X X □ X x		> ) Pt. A	rena
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			xx xx JC ._
				Xxxxx>	xx x XXx v XX x	r Monterey V Pt. Sur
	XBT : X CTD : □				\— . Morro : >Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 14: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA2, Leg II,

34

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 15: Station numbers for 0PT0MA2, Leg II.

35

XBT - CTD STATION LISTING

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

164 165 166 167 168 169 171 172 173 174 175 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 186 187 189 190 191 192 194 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 207 208 209 210 211 212

XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT

82220 82220 82220 82220 82220 82220 82220 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82221 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222 82222

1958

2043

2116

2143

2213

2242

2354

37

105

140

215

216

314

344

447

529

638

744

823

905

947

1127

1226

1342

1432

1507

1608

1832

1808

1906

1939

2015

2116

2217

2252

2342

30

101

134

239

314

349

404

457

533

618

707

737

40.29 40.24 40.21 40.18 40.15 40.11 40.05 40.02 39.59 39.56 39.52 39.52 39.49 39.46 39.43 39.39 39.35 39.31 39.27 39.23 39.18 39.09 39.06 38.58 38.53 38.49 38.45 38.36 38.36 38.32 38.27 38.23 38.19 38.15 38.10 38.14 38.19 38.23 38.27 38.32 38.36 38.40 38.40 38.45 38.49 38.50 38.58 39.02

124.41 124.47 124.52 124.56 125.00 125.05 125.13 125.18 125.22 125.26 125.31 125.31 125.35 125.40 125.44 125.48 125.53 125.56 125.58 126.01 126.02 126.07 126.09 126.14 126.16 126.18 126.19 126.24 126.25 126.27 126.29 126.31 126.34 126.36 126.38 126.41 126.43 126.46 126.48 126.51 126.53 126.55 126.55 126.57 126.60 127.08 127.04 127.07

10.0 11.8 13.9

14 14 14 15 14 14 15

14.8 15.3 15.8 16.0 16.3 16.5 16.6 16.6 16.4

16 16

15.8 15.7

15 15 16 16

16.8 16.6 16.8 16.7 16.8 25.6 16.7 16.7 16.9 16.8 16.7 16.2 16.8 16.9 16.2 16.3 16.6 16.8 16.4 16.8 16.8

32.79

32.00

32.76 32.77

32.86 32.87 32.77

33.03 33.04

0.0 33.07 33.23

33.14 33.18

16.3 16.6

16.4 15.8 15.7

16.6 17.0 16.5

16.4 16.5

32.67 32.70

32.66 32.81 32.94

32.98 32.99

32.98 33.01 33.07

33.12 33.19

36

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

213	CTD	82222	823	39.07	127.09	16.0	32	.83	16	. 1	32	.61
214	XBT	82222	910	39.11	127.11	15.9
215	XBT	82222	942	39.13	127.06	14.9
216	XBT	82222	1016	39.15	127.00	16.2
216 217	CTD XBT	82222 82222	1018 1204	39.11 39.16	127.06 126.54	15.5 15.8	32	.84	15	.6

218	XBT	82222	1237	39.18	126.49	15.7
219	CTD	82222	1322	39.14	126.46	15.6	32	.78	16	.6	32	.80
220	XBT	82222	1408	39.10	126.43	16.4
221	XBT	82222	1443	39.05	126.41	16.7
222	XBT	82222	1515	39.01	126.40	16.7
222	CTD	82222	1530	39.01	126.40	16.5	33	.04	16	.5	32,	.98
223	XBT	82222	1615	38.57	126.37	16.4
224	XBT	82222	1652	38.52	126.35	16.9
225	CTD	82222	1740	38.48	126.32	16.7	33	.02	16	.8	33	.00
226	XBT	82222	1829	38.43	126.30	16.6
227	XBT	82222	1859	38.39	126.27	15.8
228	CTD	82222	1941	38.35	126.25	15.5	32	,75	15	.8	32	.71
229	XBT	82222	2023	38.30	126.24	16.1
230	XBT	82222	2054	38.26	126.21	16.0
231	XBT	82222	2123	38.21	126.19	16.0
231	CTD	82222	2137	38.21	126.19	15.7	32,	.77	15	.7	32	.79
232	XBT	82222	2220	38.17	126.16	16.4
233	XBT	82222	2251	38.19	126.11	16.0
234	CTD	82222	2340	38.21	126.05	15.8	32,	.81	15	.9	32	.78
236	XBT	82223	100	38.24	125.53	16.0
237	CTD	82223	145	38.29	125.56	16.3	32,	.73	16,	.4	32,	.71
238	XBT	82223	230	38.33	125.58	16.4
239	XBT	82223	300	38.37	126.00	16.5
240	XBT	82223	333	38.42	126.02	16.2
240	CTD	82223	348	38.42	126.02	16.2	32,	,77	16,	,7	32,	,73
242	XBT	82223	504	38.51	126.07	16.7
243	CTD	82223	549	38.55	126.10	16.5	32.	,62	16,	.4	32,	,75
244	XBT	82223	635	38.59	126.12	16.6
245	XBT	82223	708	39.04	126.15	16.2
246	CTD	82223	753	39.08	126.17	16.2	32.	,67	16,	.3

247	XBT	82223	834	39.12	126.19	16.2
248	XBT	82223	906	39.17	126.21	16.1
249	CTD	82223	952	39.21	126.24	16.1	32.	72	16,	,2	32,	.68
250	XBT	82223	1031	39.26	126.26	16.3
251	XBT	82223	1104	39.27	126.19	16.5
252	XBT	82223	1137	39.29	126.15	16.5
252	CTD	82223	1149	39.32	126.08	16.4	32.	84	16.	,4	32.	80
253	XBT	82223	1232	39.31	126.09	16.5
255	CTD	82223	1347	39.28	126.01	16.5	32.	82	16.	,5	32.	78
256	XBT	82223	1428	39.24	125.58	16.5
258	CTD	82223	1538	39.16	125.54	16.2	32.	64	16.	,2

259	XBT	82223	1622	39.11	125.52	16.3
260	XBT	82223	1652	39.07	125.49	16.3

37

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

261	CTD	82223	1731	39	.03	125	.47	16	.2
262	XBT	82223	1820	38	.58	125	.45	16	.9
263	XBT	82223	1848	38	.54	125	.43	16	.7
264	CTD	82223	1929	38	.50	125	.41	16	.2
265	XBT	82223	2012	38	.46	125	.38	16	.5
266	XBT	82223	2042	38	.42	125	.36	16	.9
267	XBT	82223	2117	38	.37	125	.34	16	.8
267	CTD	82223	2146	38	.37	125	.34	16	.7
268	XBT	82223	2308	38	.32	125	.30	16	.2
269	XBT	82223	2339	38	.33	125	.26	16	.9
270	CTD	82224	26	38	.35	125	.20	16	.8
271	XBT	82224	117	38	.37	125	.15	16	.8
273	CTD	82224	252	38	.42	125	.12	16	.7
275	XBT	82224	505	38	.51	125	.17	16	.2
276	XBT	82224	558	38	.55	125	.19	16	.2
277	XBT	82224	708	38	.59	125	.21	16	.9
278	XBT	82224	815	39	.03	125	.23	16	.6
280	XBT	82224	1101	39	.12	125,	.28	16	.9
282	XBT	82224	1428	39	.21	125,	.32	16	,5
283	XBT	82224	1601	39	.25	125,	.30	16	.5
283	CTD	82224	1805	39	.28	125,	.22	16,	.8
286	XBT	82224	1839	39	.24	125,	,23	16,	.8
287	XBT	82224	1909	39,	.19	125,	.20	16,	.7
288	XBT	82224	1941	39,	.15	125,	.17	17,	.0
289	CTD	82224	2023	39,	.11	125,	.15	16,	,5
290	XBT	82224	2101	39,	.06	125,	.13	16,	.5
291	XBT	82224	2128	39,	.02	125,	,11	16,	,6
292	XBT	82224	2155	38,	.58	125,	,08	16,	.6
293	CTD	82224	2244	38,	,54	125,	,06	16,	,7
294	XBT	82224	2328	38,	,50	125.	,06	16,	,6
295	XBT	82225	5	38,	,45	125.	,06	16,	,8
296	XBT	82225	40	38,	,40	125.	05	16,	.6
297	XBT	82225	111	38,	,35	125.	,05	16,	,4
300	XBT	82225	322	38,	,21	125.	,04	16,	,3
301	XBT	82225	400	38,	,16	125.	,04	13.	.9
302	XBT	82225	459	38,	,11	125.	,03	14,	1
303	XBT	82225	533	38.	,06	125.	03	15,	5
304	XBT	82225	606	38.	,01	125.	03	15.	5
305	XBT	82225	659	38.	,03	125.	10	15.	,0
306	XBT	82225	742	38.	05	125.	15	14.	9
307	XBT	82225	822	38.	06	125.	21	14.	9
308	XBT	82225	908	38.	11	125.	20	14.	5
309	XBT	82225	1004	38.	16	125.	21	15.	1
310	XBT	82225	1109	38.	21	125.	21	16.	2
311	XBT	82225	1204	38.	25	125.	21	16.	3
312	XBT	82225	1251	38.	20	125.	17	16.	0
313	XBT	82225	1336	38.	16	125.	15	14.	8
314	XBT	82225	1419	38.	12	125.	11	14.	0
315	XBT	82225	1501	38.	08	125.	07	14.	5

32.79

32.87

32.79

32.76

32.85

16.3

32.76

32.84

32.86

16.4 32.87

16.8

16.9

16.8

32.88

32.71

32.78

16.6

32.82

32.84 16.8 32.77

38

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

316 XBT 82225 1531 38.04 125.04 14.8

317 XBT 82225 1601 37.60 125.01 15.8

318 XBT 82225 1624 37.57 124.58 16.4

319 XBT 82225 1658 37.53 124.54 16.1

320 XBT 82225 1728 37.49 124.50 15.4

321 XBT 82225 1758 37.45 124.46 14.7

322 XBT 82225 1827 37.42 124.42 13.9

323 XBT 82225 1857 37.38 124.38 15.4

324 XBT 82225 1928 37.34 124.35 16.4

325 XBT 82225 2000 37.31 124.31 15.8

326 XBT 82225 2034 37.27 124.27 15.9

327 XBT 82225 2106 37.23 124.23 15.9

328 XBT 82225 2136 37.20 124.19 16.0

329 XBT 82225 2205 37.16 124.16 15.0

330 XBT 82225 2239 37.13 124.13 15.0

331 XBT 82225 2313 37.09 124.09 15.0

332 XBT 82225 2343 37.05 124.05 14.5

333 XBT 82226 26 36.60 124.00 15.1

334 XBT 82226 59 36.59 123.54 15.5

335 XBT 82226 131 36.58 123.48 15.3

336 XBT 82226 200 36.57 123.43 15.1

337 XBT 82226 227 36.56 123.37 15.2

338 XBT 82226 258 36.55 123.31 15.6

339 XBT 82226 332 36.54 123.24 15.4

340 XBT 82226 402 36.53 123.18 15.5

341 XBT 82226 431 36.52 123.13 15.4

342 XBT 82226 503 36.51 123.07 15.3

343 XBT 82226 534 36.50 123.01 14.9

345 XBT 82226 638 36.48 122.49 14.9

346 XBT 82226 711 36.47 122.43 14.3

348 XBT 82226 813 36.45 122.32 13.6

349 XBT 82226 846 36.44 122.26 13.3

350 XBT 82226 916 36.43 122.20 13.1

351 XBT 82226 948 36.42 122.14 13.6

352 XBT 82226 1019 36.41 122.09 13.9

353 XBT 82226 1104 36.40 122.01 12.9

39

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m

00

0) U

00

f

o o

CV2

o o

CO

o o

(in) q^daQ

46

o o

CD

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

1600

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

400

^ 800

3

1200

1600

i i m | i i p | i i i< | » i1 y y i i i | i > !■ | i i i i i ' j | i ' | | » » i | i i i | i ' i

175 178

H

Y

183

186

194

180

186

192

201

198

I

■*• J

Figure 17(a): Temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt

47

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

20 40 60

400

g 800

ft Q

1200

1600

216

80

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

400

fj 800

ft

a

1200

1600

u"^i ' ' n ' mi "Y"i m '|i"ii " ii "M

n ■ v i ' ''' r '

201 204 207 210 213

219 222 225 228 231

216

K

Figure 17(b) 48

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400

60

80

r3 800

I

a

1200

1600

'i i i i i i i i

231 234 237 240 243 246 249

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

400

g 800

ft

1200

1600

i ' ' i i ■ ' r i ' ' r i

* > f I i i"

i i i i i i i i i ■ ■ ■ i ■ ■ ■ i ' ■ ■ i

231 234 237 240 243 248 249

■+► M

Figure 17(c) 49

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400 -

fl 800 -

ft Q

1200 -

1600

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

Figure 17(d) 50

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

400

£3 800 -

1200 -

1600

60

80

i i i i i i i i i

267

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78

N *

Figure 17(e) 51

CM CV

DO O CM

O CM

o o

CVj

CD

O)

CO CD

CO

CO CO

CD

A

	CO
	c
	o
CO	•H
•H	4-1
X	•H
CO	CO
	O
1— 1	Oh
cd
4-1	0)
c	X
o	4-1
N
•H	CD
U	4-)
o	CO
x	o
	•H
cd	-o
X!	C
4->	•H
oo	CO
c	>
o	o
1— 1	u
CO	u
	<
CO
^
S-i	•
CO	c
E	s
	o
.*	X
u	CO
■H
H	CD
	u
	CO
CO	CO
•-	S-i
Q	CD
H	X •
U	E C
	3 O
T3	C -H
C	4-)
CO	c u
	O CD
CO	•H S-i
•-	■M -H
H	CO X)
CQ	4-1
X	CO T3
	CD
E	CD 00
O	E C
(h	O CO
CH	CO X
	u
CO
E	•
U	CO ^
CD	C CJ
X	O CO
4-1	•H U
o	4-1 4-)
CO	■H
M	CO CD
	O CO
	a. -h
• •	3
/— s	C Sh
CO	o u
^s— •	•H
oo	4-1 CD
i — i	CO X
	4-1 4-1
cu	CO
i->	CD
3	2 u
00	O CD
•H	X X
Plh	CO £

(ui) Hidaa

52

1 1

00

Im

3 00

■H Ed

A

(ui) Hidaa

53

o n

O CO]

03 CV

C\J

CV2

CD 00

DO

CO

cv

t

u

oo

0) S-i 3 00

■H

En

o

n

V Z

(ui) Hidaa

54

CO CO

05

CO

CO CO

oa

CO CO

CO

cv

CO

CO C\i

CO

ID CO

CO

00

CD

3 oo ■H

EH

o*

(ui) Hidaa

55

186 192

100

200

Q

300

400

H < ► I

-► J «*-

K

100 -

p

400

200 -

300 -

H

-► J

K

Figure 19(a): Isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's,

56

200 -

300 -

400

K

-*► M ♦

N

210

200 -

o

300 -

400

K

225 231 237

243

249 255 261

♦ M ♦

267

N

Figure 19(b). 57

100

200

300

400

N

0

270

283

293

100

Q

400

200 -

300 -

N

0

Figure 19(c) 58

17

15

13

u 11

CO 0)

* i **

32.0 32.5

33.0 33.5 34.0

Salinity (ppt)

34.5

35.0

Figure 20: T-S pairs from the CTD casts for 0PT0MA2, Leg II

59

(m) Hidaa

-a C CO

H U

c

CO

H CQ

X

E O (-1 4-1

C

o

•H 4->

CO

•H >

<L) X)

'O (h CO

-a

a

CO

4-1

CO 0)

x:

4-1

-a

c

CO

X! 4-1 •H

3

N

o

CO

0)

r— I •H 4-4 O in

CN

0) Sh P 00 •H

En

(ui) HXdaa

60


N n 1		_ -^j^rrr^^"^ — ^r="
S		"""'S^^^""
tad	/	s^ s
M	s	' '
^^	/ jS	s
	/ /	s
	/ / ,
1
If?	I / '
< N	' ; / ''
S	* / '
CD	■-' ^s '
i— i CO

CO	, 1	, 1 , 1 , 1 ,

N

O

o

o o cv

o o

n

o o

(«i) Hidaa

61

o m

CO

a o

■H 4J

CO ■H > 0)

T3 C

4J

K

CD

-G

-a c

XI

4-)

I

ca

E 00 ■H

W

a ca

CD E

T3

a ca

c

•H

— <

C

cd

c>

B

:/)
0)
lH
•H
1+-I
O
~
(X
r i	CO
CN	-
	Q
QJ H
u	U
a
M	aj
•H	jc
L^	4-1

104 x N2 (sec-2)

100-

200-

Ph

Q

300-

400-

500

3.0

-) > with + and ,2

the standard

2 Figure 23: Profiles of N (z) (-

deviation { ), and the profile of N"" from T(z) and S(z) ( )

62

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was sponsored by the ONR Physical Oceanography Program. The success of the fieldwork was strongly dependent on the competent, willing support of CAPT Woodrow Reynolds, Chief Engineer Bobby Winton, and other crew members of the R/V ACANIA. Members of the scientific cruise party were:

Leg I - Prof. Christopher N.K. Mooers, NPS, Chief Scientist Dr. Jerome A. Smith, NPS, Party Chief Dr. Robert Miller, Harvard Mr. Everett (Skip) Carter, Harvard Ms. Nadia Pinardi, Harvard AG3 Beverly Carnes, FNOC DS3 Steve Lewis, FNOC

Leg II - Prof. Allan R. Robinson, Harvard, Chief Scientist Dr. Jerome A. Smith, NPS, Party Chief Ms. Arlene Bird, NPS Ms. Denise Hagan, JPL ENS Diane Durban, USN, NPS Mr. Everett (Skip) Carter, Harvard Ms. Nadia Pinardi, Harvard AG3 Bil 1 Sparkman, FNOC Mr. M. Kirk Fleming, Humboldt State

The help of Mr. Stephan Lamont, from the W.R. Chruch Computer Center at the Naval Postgraduate School, in producing some of this report and comments from Dr. Adriana Huyer, Oregon State University, are also gratefully acknowledged.

REFERENCE

Lewis, E.L. and R.G. Perkin, 1981: The Practical Salinity Scale 1978: conversion of existing data. Deep Sea Res. 28A, 307-328.

63

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