LIBRARY "^WR NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOt MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93940 NPS-68-85-0H // NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM *" OPTdMAll, 5 JUNE - 5 AUGUST 1984 . by Paul A. Wittmann Michele M.^Rienecker Edward A. Kelley, Jr. Christopher N.K. Mooers March 1985 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited, FEDDOCS pared for: D 208.14/2 ice of Naval Research NPS-68-85-011 ironmental Sciences Directorate (Code 420) ington, VA 22217 16$, f(fl h « rf* 93943- NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California 93943 Commodore R.H. Shumaker David A. Schrady Superintendent Provost This report is for the research project "Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis" sponsored by the Physical Oceanography Program of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 61153N. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized. This report was Prepared by Unclassified ECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data 1 Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER NPS-68-85-011 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 1. TITLE (and Subtitle) HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM OPTOMA11 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Report for October 1982 to March 1985 5 June - 5 August 1984 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHORS Paul A Wittmann, Michele M. Rienecker, Edward A. Kelley, Jr., Christopher N.K. Mooers 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*.) 1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS 61153N N000148WR24051 1. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS Office of Naval Research (Code 420) 12. REPORT DATE March 1985 Arlington, VA 22217 13 NUMBER OF PAGES 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESSf// different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (ol thl a report) Unclassified 1S«. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE i. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thla Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 7. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol tha abateact entered In Block 20, II different from Report) S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 1. KEY WORDS (Continue on revatae aide II naceeeary and Identity by block number) California Current System Physical Oceanography Dynamic Oceanography >. ABSTRACT (Continue on reveree aide It neceeeary and Identity by block number) The six cruises and one aircraft flight comprising OPTOMA11 were undertaken in June, July and August 1984 to sample two subdomains of the California Current. This report presents the hydrographic data, acquired by XBT, AXBT and CTD casts, from the cruises and the flight. d ,;sr7, 1473 EDITION OF t NOV SS IS OBSOLETE S N 0102- LF-014- 6601 Unclassified SECURlf V LL.*-. V'TlON OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) Hydrographic Data from the OPTOMA Program: OPTOMA11 5 June - 5 August, 1984 by Paul A. Wittmann Mich el e M. Rienecker Edward A. Kelley, Jr. Christopher N. K. Mooers Chief Scientists: C. N. K. Mooers, L J. Walstad E. F. Carter, A. R. Robinson T. H. Calhoon, A. A. Bird, M. C. Cotton The OPTOMA Program is a joint program of Department of Oceanography Center for Earth and Planetary Physics Naval Postgraduate School Harvard University Monterey, CA 93943. Cambridge, MA 02138. t \ -'J ■ . TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ a. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION DATA ACQUISITION DATA PROCESSING DATA PRESENTATION SECTION 1 : LEG AI SECTION 2 : LEG All SECTION 3 • LEG AI 1 1 SECTION 4 LEG DI SECTION 5 LEG DII SECTION 6 LEG Dili SECTION 7 LEG P ACKNOWLEDC 5EMENTS REFERENCE INITIAL Dl [STRIBUTION LIST PAGE ii iii 2 3 4 4 7 39 73 89 119 153 187 203 204 205 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Caption Page 1. Scientific instruments aboard R/V ACANIA 6 2. Leg AI Station Listing 11 3. Leg All Station Listing 43 4. Leg AI 1 1 Station Listing 77 5. Leg DI Station Listing 93 6. Leg DII Station Listing 123 7. Leg Dili Station Listing 157 8. Leg P Station Listing 191 11 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Caption Page 1. The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA 1 Program. Isobaths are shown in meters. 2. The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg AI. 8 3. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg AI . 9 4. Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg AI . 10 5 (a)-(d). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 14 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 6 (a)-(c). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 18 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 7 (a)-(v). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 21 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 8 (a)-(e). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 29 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 9. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 34 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 10. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 35 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 11. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 36 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected signa-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 12. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 37 deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown (••••). (0PT0MA11, Leg AI). 1 1 i Figure No. Caption Page 13. The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg All. 40 The first excursion of the track is shown as a solid line, the second excursion as a broken line. 14. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg All. 41 15. Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg All. 42 16 (a)-(g). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 47 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 17 (a)-(b). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 54 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 18 (a)-(y). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 56 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 19 (a)-(c). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 66 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 20. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 69 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 21. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 70 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 22. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 71 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 23. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 72 deviation (-— ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown (••••)• (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 24. The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg AIII. 74 25.4* XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg AIII. 75 iv Figure No. Caption Page 26. Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg AIII. 76 27 (a)-(c). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 79 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA11, Leg AIII). 28. CTD temperature and salinity profiles 82 (0PT0MA11, Leg AIII). 29 (a)-(g). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 83 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA11, Leg AIII). 30. Mean temperature profile, with + and - 87 the standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg AIII). 31. The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg DI. 90 32. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg DI. 91 33. Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg DI. 92 34 (a)-(e) XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 96 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 35 (a)-(c). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 101 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 36. CTD casts to 3000m. Temperature profiles 104 are staggered by 5C and salinity profiles by 4 ppt. (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 37 (a)-(p). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 105 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 38 (a)-(c). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 112 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 39. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 115 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). Figure No. Caption Page 40. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 116 with + and -the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 117 41. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 42. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 118 deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown ( ). (0PT0MA11, Leg DI). 43. The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg DII. The 120 second traversal along interior semi-diagonals is shown as a broken line. 44. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg DII. 121 45. Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg DII. 122 46 (a)-(d). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 127 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 47 (a)-(c). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 131 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 48. CTD casts deeper than 800m. (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 134 49. Nearshore CTD casts plotted to 500m or less. 135 (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 50 (a)-(z). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 136 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 51 (a)-(b). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 147 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 52. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 149 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). VI Figure No. Caption Page 53. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t 150 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's. (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 54. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 151 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA11, Leg DII). 55. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 152 deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown (••••)• (0PT0MA11, Leg DII ). 56. The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg Dili. 154 57. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg Dili. 155 58. Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg Dili. 156 59 (a)-(g). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 161 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). 60 (a)-(c). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 168 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). " 61. CTD casts deeper than 800m. (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili) 171 62 (a)-(p). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 172 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). 63 (a)-(c). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 180 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). 64. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 183 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). 65. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 184 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). vn Figure No. Caption Page 66. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 185 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). 67. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 186 deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown ( ). (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). 68. The flight track for 0PT0MA11, Leg P. 188 69. AXBT locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg P. 189 70. Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg P. 190 71 (a)-(c). AXBT temperature profiles, staggered by 193 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA11, Leg P). 72 (a)-(l). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 196 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA11, Leg P). 73. Mean temperature profile, with + and - the 202 standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg P). VII 1 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 1: The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA Program. Isobaths are shown in meters. INTRODUCTION The OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis) Program, a joint NPS/Harvard program sponsored by ONR, seeks to understand the mesoscale (fronts, eddies, and jets) variability and dynamics of the California Current System and to determine the scientific limits to practical mesoscale ocean forecasting. To help carry out the aims of this project, a series of cruises has been planned in two subdomains, NOCAL and CENCAL, shown in Figure 1. The six cruises and one AXBT flight comprising 0PT0MA11 were undertaken, during June, July, and August 1984, in the R/V ACANIA (Legs AI , All, AIII), the USNS DE STEIGUER (Legs DI, DII, Dili) and a Reserve Patrol Wing P3A aircraft (Leg P). Hydrographic data were acquired off the coast of California in an area which covered and extended the NOCAL region. The sampling was concentrated in a central 150km square domain centered about 190km off the coast between Pt. Reyes and Pt. Arena in the NOCAL domain. Leg AI was carried out from 5 to 15 June, Leg All from 21 June to 30 June and Leg AIII from 5 to 13 July. These three legs sampled the central domain with additional transects to and from the domain, as shown in Figures 2, 13, and 24, respectively. Leg DI was carried out from 23 to 30 June, Leg DII from 30 June to 10 July, and Dili from 27 July to 5 August. Leg DI sampled areas to the north, south and inshore of the central domain, as shown in Figure 31. Leg DII sampled the central domain area with additional legs to the west and south of the area, as shown in Figure 43. Leg Dili, with an intensive sampling pattern which differed from the previous cruises, covered the central and inshore domains, as shown in Figure 56. Leg P was carried out on 18 July aboard a USNR P3A aircraft, and sampled an area approximately 250km square in the NOCAL area, as shown in Figure 68. On each cruise track, transect extremes are identified by letter to aid in cross-referencing the data presented in subsequent figures. On each of these cruises, hydrographic stations were occupied at approximately 15 km along the track. For the AXBT flight, the along-track station spacing was about 35 km. DATA ACQUISITION Data acquired during 0PT0MA11 Legs AI , All, AIII, DI, DII, and Dili include XBT and CTD profiles. Bucket surface temperature and water samples for salinity were taken at every CTD station. These surface values were used for calibration purposes as well as contributions to the data base. Legs AI, All, and AIII also acquired continuous 2 m thermosalinograph measurements, continuous meteorological data such as atmospheric pressure at a height of 2 m and wind speed and direction at a height of 20 m, and intermittent acoustic Doppler velocity data. The XBT data were digitized using a Sippican MK9 unit. The continuous "underway" data were digitized using an HP 5328 frequency counter and a 40 channel digital voltmeter. The continuous data were averaged over two-minute intervals. All data were recorded, using an HP 200 series computer, on data disks and transferred ashore to the IBM 3033 mainframe computer for editing and processing. Station positions were determined by Loran C fixes and are claimed to be accurate to within about 0.1 km. Table 1 on page 6 summarizes the various sensors available on the R/V ACANIA and their accuracy. A Neil Brown CTD and Sippican XBT's were also used on the USNS DE STEIGUER; their accuracies are the same as stated in Table 1. The bottle surface salinity samples were determined by a Guildline Model 8400 "Autosal" salinometer with an accuracy of ^0.003ppt. Samples from Legs DI, DII, and Dili were determined onboard; samples from Legs AI, All, and All I were determined ashore. During Leg P, when shallow (305m) Sippican AXBT's were deployed, the aircraft maintained an altitude of approximately 1500 ft and an airspeed of 210 knots. The data were recorded on audio tapes. Station positions are accurate to within 1 km, temperature values to within 0.2°C and depth values to within ?.% or 5 m (whichever is larger). DATA PROCESSING The processing of the AXBT data was carried out in Mr. Meredith Sessions' laboratory at Scripps using his audio-to-digital signal conversion system. The data were stored on magnetic tape and transferred to the IBM 3033 at the Naval Postgraduate School where obvious noise spikes were edited from the profiles. The processing of cruise data, such as estimating depth profiles for the XBT temperature profiles based on the XBT's descent speed, and conversion of CTD conductivity to salinity using the algorithm given in Lewis and Perkin (1981), was carried out on the IBM 3033. The data were then edited by removing obvious salinity spikes and eliminating cast failures that were not identified during the cruise. Approximately 96%, 97%, 100%, 97%, 99%, 99%, and 87%, of casts were retained in the data set of Legs AI , All, AIII, DI, DII, Dili, and P, respectively. From a comparison of the CTD surface salinities with the surface salinities from the bottle samples it was determined that no correction to the CTD salinities was needed. The CTD data were interpolated to 5 m intervals and then up and down casts were averaged. The data have been transferred on digital tape to the National Oceanographic Data Center in Washington, DC. DATA PRESENTATION The cruise track, station locations (with XBT's, CTD's and AXBT's identified) and station numbers are shown in the first three figures of each of the next seven sections, which present the data from Legs AI , All, AI II, DI, D I I , Dili and P respectively. These figures are followed by a listing of the stations, with their coordinates, the date and time at which the station was occupied, and the surface information obtained at the station. Vertical profiles of temperature from the XBT casts are shown in staggered fashion. The location of these profiles may be found by reference to the various maps of the cruise tracks. Transect extremes are identified as nearly as possible. The first profile on each plot is shown with its temperature unchanged; to each subsequent profile an appropriate multiple of 5C has been added. Vertical profiles from the CTD's follow (except Leg P). Profiles of temperature are staggered by 5C and those of salinity by 4 ppt. Isotherms for each transect are shown in the next pages, followed by isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t, from the CTD's, when four or more casts were acquired along a transect. Based on instrument accuracy and the vertical temperature gradient, it is estimated that depths of isotherms in the main thermocline are uncertain to jf20m. The tick marks identify station positions and, again, the transect extremes are shown on these plots. Each section includes mean profiles of temperature from the XBT's. In addition, for all sections except 3 and 7, mean profiles of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's are given, as well as a scatter diagram of the T-S pairs and the mean S(T) curve, with the + standard deviation envelope; the data presentation concludes with a plot of the mean N^ (Brunt-Vaisala frequency squared) profile, with _+ the standard deviation. On the sigma-t and N2 plots, the appropriate profiles derived from the mean temperature and mean salinity profiles are also shown. Table 1: Scientific instruments aboard the R/V ACANIA Instrument Variable Sensor Accuracy Resolution Neil Brown CTD Mark 1 1 lb pressure temperature conductivity strain gage thermistor electrode cell 1.6 db 0.005 C 0.005 mmho 0.025 db 0.0005 C 0.001 mmho Sip pi can BT temperature depth thermistor descent speed 0.2 C greater of 4.6 m and 2% of depth * Guildline Autosal conductivity electrode cell 0.003 ppt 0.0002 ppt + Amatek straza ADVP velocity profiles to 100m 4 beam sonar 3 cm/sec relative to ship speed 3 cm/sec Rosemount Sensor sea surface temperature platinum thermometer 0.05 C 0.005 C Sea-Bird Sensors temperature conductivity at 2 meters thermistor electrode cell 0.003 C 0.003 mmho 0.0005 C 0.0005 mmho Rosemount Sensor air temperature thermometer 0.01 C Kavolico Barometer atmospheric pressure pressure transducer 1.5 mb 0.1 mb * 1200 EPS Hygrometer dew poi nt condensation temp, sensor 0.2 C 0.02 C Meteorology Res. Inc. wind speed anemometer 0.15 mph or 1% Meteorology Res. Inc. wind direction vane 2.5 degrees Internav LC408 LORAN C position two chain LORAN receiver 100 meters 10 meters Motorola Miniranger position microwave transponders 4 meters 2 meters * Not operating on the 0PT0MA11 cruise. + Intermittent Section 1 OPTOMA 11 Leg AI 5-15 June, 1984 41N 39N 37N 35N Eureka Cape Mendocino San Francisco Monterey Pt. Sur Morro Bay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 2: The cruise track for OPTOMA11, Leg AI. 41N 39N 37N 35N , Eureka ) Cape Mend ocino * .. > Pt. Ai 'en a X X X a X X X x O X xO X ° O X X... _... * X X X * a X X _ X ° X x x 0 a x x x X o _... a X ^v >r^ San ^£_\Francisco V 8 X X X * * Ox * X *« X X x x a* * axxx *x** °X 1 XO ° X x * X a x x x > x D c X n X 0 x x x x X* X r* Monterey VPt. Sur XBT : x CTD : D .\-, Morro : >Bay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 3: XBT and CTD locations for OPTOMA11, Leg AI. 10 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W Eureka Cape Mendocino 47 46 45 ,399379 167 S4 SS .44 LiT*?. ... 3-3 92 «{2 hro r "2 V San Francisco "*«fei.».o .■»te Monterey Pt. Sur Morro Bay 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 4: Station numbers for OPTOMA11, Leg AI. 11 Table 2: Leg AI Station Lis STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT (NORTH) LONG (WEST) SURFA TEMP (DD.MM) (DDD.MM) (DEG 1 XBT 84157 1755 36.42 122.05 11.8 2 XBT 84157 1910 36.46 122.16 11.5 3 XBT 84157 2025 36.50 122.28 11.7 4 XBT 84157 2141 36.55 122.43 12.2 5 XBT 84157 2255 36.58 122.53 11.9 6 XBT 84157 2357 37.01 123.02 12.7 7 XBT 84158 105 37.05 123.14 12.2 8 XBT 84158 220 37.09 123.26 13.1 9 XBT 84158 320 37.13 123.36 12.1 10 XBT 84158 430 37.17 123.48 12.5 11 XBT 84158 540 37.20 124.00 12.5 12 XBT 84158 650 37. ,24 124.11 11.9 13 XBT 84158 818 37.28 124.25 12.2 14 XBT 84158 940 37.32 124.37 11.7 15 XBT 84158 1111 37.36 124.48 11.8 16 CTD 84158 1245 37.40 124.59 11.7 17 XBT 84158 1442 37.36 125.09 13.0 18 XBT 84158 1555 37.31 125.18 13.8 19 XBT 84158 1700 37.26 125.27 14.1 20 XBT 84158 1805 37.22 125.36 14.1 21 CTD 84158 1910 37.19 125.39 13.8 22 XBT 84158 2146 37. 2& 125.46 14.1 23 XBT 84159 14 37.33 125.56 14.0 24 XBT 84159 153 37.40 126.01 14.2 25 XBT 84159 330 37.47 126.06 14.1 26 CTD 84159 518 37.52 126.11 14.1 27 XBT 84159 724 37.58 126.02 14.0 28 XBT 84159 825 38.03 125.53 14.0 29 CTD 84159 925 38.06 125.44 13.8 30 XBT 84159 1134 38.11 125.36 13.3 31 CTD 84159 1235 38.13 125.26 12.5 32 XBT 84159 1426 38.08 125.21 12.5 33 CTD 84159 1515 38.00 125.17 11.6 34 XBT 84159 1730 37.54 125.11 12.1 35 XBT 84159 1815 37.47 125.06 12.3 36 XBT 84159 1915 37.39 125.00 12.8 37 XBT 84159 2022 37.43 125.11 12.0 38 XBT 84159 2136 37.44 125.21 12.4 39 CTD 84159 2240 37.46 125.29 13.0 40 XBT 84160 120 37.48 125.40 13.8 41 XBT 84160 225 37.50 125.50 14.1 42 XBT 84160 335 37.52 126.01 14.2 43 XBT 84160 457 37.53 126.11 14.1 44 XBT 84160 635 38.01 126.16 14.2 45 XBT 84160 950 38.14 126.31 14.1 SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 32.95 12.0 32.72 32.85 32.73 32.63 33.27 13.8 13.6 12.7 11.7 32.61 12.8 33.05 32.82 14.0 32.95 32.81 32.71 33.29 32.78 12 STN TYPE YR/DAY 46 47 48 49 50 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 78 79 80 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT 51 XBT 52 XBT 53 XBT 54 XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD 67 XBT 68 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT 76 XBT 77 XBT CTD XBT CTD 81 XBT 82 XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT 84160 84160 84160 84160 84160 84160 84160 84160 84160 84160 84160 84161 84161 84161 84161 84162 84162 84162 84162 84162 84162 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84163 84164 84164 84164 84164 84164 84164 84164 84164 GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1115 1244 1440 1538 1638 1738 1955 2045 2140 2228 2321 140 310 2120 2330 330 644 1100 1427 1922 2320 239 500 646 830 1020 1152 1306 1405 1545 1655 1750 1850 2030 2126 2300 2355 42 230 255 350 436 536 745 838 38.21 38.28 38.32 38.37 38.41 38.45 38.42 38.35 38.28 38.21 38.14 38.19 38.21 38.26 38.32 38.37 38.42 38.49 38.55 39.02 39.08 39.05 39.01 38.57 38.55 38.48 38.47 38.45 38.43 38.41 38.39 38.37 38.34 38.28 38.21 38.14 38.07 38.00 37.56 37.52 37.48 37.44 37.40 37.48 37.56 126.36 126.37 126.27 126.18 126.10 126.00 125.47 125.42 125.37 125.33 125.26 125.18 125.11 125.03 125.06 124.58 124.51 124.54 124.59 125.04 125.09 125.18 125.27 125.35 125.44 125.53 125.43 125.33 125.24 125.13 125.03 124.51 124.44 124.38 124.33 124.27 124.22 124.19 124.25 124.34 124.43 124.51 125.00 124.57 124.55 14.0 14 14 13 13 13 13 13.8 13.8 13.0 12.9 12.9 12.3 12.8 12.9 13.0 13.1 12.6 13.4 12.8 13.6 13 13 13 13.8 13.7 13.8 13.8 13.4 13.0 12.8 12.9 13.0 13.0 13.0 12.6 12.4 10.8 10.7 11.8 11.8 12.4 11.9 12.2 11.4 32.89 32.66 32.56 32.50 32.60 32.60 32.52 32.49 33.05 13.8 33.05 13.0 13.0 13.0 32.77 32.62 32.61 13.6 32.67 13.4 32.68 13.0 32.63 13.4 32.54 11.4 33.10 33.49 12.2 33.56 13 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT 84164 84164 84164 84164 84165 84165 84165 84165 84165 84165 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84166 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 84167 935 1122 1503 1930 148 635 1550 1838 2200 2325 25 105 228 335 533 625 715 942 1035 1122 1302 1356 1535 1635 1842 1957 2208 2335 112 210 337 430 630 745 850 1005 1150 1300 1415 1528 1707 1931 2045 2100 38.03 38.11 38.27 38.34 38.42 38.49 38.55 39.00 39.09 39.04 38.58 38.53 38.48 38.41 38,37 38.32 38.26 38.20 38.15 38.10 38.03 37.55 37.48 37.39 37.45 37.46 37.50 37.52 37.46 37.37 37.30 37.23 37.19 37.17 37.13 37.10 37.07 37.04 37.01 36.58 36.55 36.49 36.45 36.41 124.53 124.50 124.49 124.43 124.49 124.54 124.59 125.04 125.09 125.03 124.55 124.49 124.42 124.36 124.29 124.22 124.16 124.08 124.01 123.55 123.57 123.58 123.59 124.01 124.12 124.20 124.29 124.39 124.40 124.41 124.44 124.46 124.32 124.22 124.09 123.57 123.44 123.32 123.20 123.08 122.55 122.32 122.19 122.06 10.9 12.9 13.2 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.4 13.5 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 10.0 10 12 12 12 11 12.0 12.2 10.4 11.9 11.8 12.3 11.7 11.9 12.0 12.0 12 12 12 12 12 33.08 99.9 33.27 32.50 13.6 32.60 32.60 13.5 32.69 32.62 13.4 32.71 32.59 99.9 32.66 33.18 10.1 33.26 33.50 12.3 33.59 33.48 12.4 33.57 33.47 12.2 33.57 33.36 10.7 33.45 33.40 12.0 33.51 33.39 11.8 33.40 33.41 12.2 33.49 33.57 12.6 33.65 13.0 12.3 12.5 12.0 14 o o o o O O O O o o ID O E-t O o w .-H ft D E >i XI T> (U u 0) en CP u 3 IT ■H a. (lu) ludaQ 16 o in 0) u D tr ■H o o o o CM O O O O o o m (ui) Mjdaa 17 o o o o o o T— CM K) o o T5 in CD U 3 Cn •H o o m (UJ) H|d9Q 18 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 500 a. a> a 1000 1500 16 21 26 29 31 33 80 30 0 r~- 500 - Cl Q 1000 1500 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 16 21 26 I1 ■ ' I 59 39 47 56 58 29 31 33 BCD 80 ^^^^^i^ 66 Figure 6(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (OPTOMA11, Leg AI). 19 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 500 Q. Q 1000 1500 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 30 40 50 60 70 500 - "5. a> Q 80 1000 - 1500 Figure 6(b) 20 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 500 Q. Q) Q 1000 1500 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^•^ 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 126 80 30 40 0 ^^^^^^^p^«»-^ Staggered Salinity (ppt) 50 60 70 80 500 "5. Q 1000 1500 'l' i i IN I I ill I I IM i | ill ^^^■■P-f^"^ 130 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 126 K M N Figure 6(c). 21 CD K> m < _ W ■H T> X a) (0 03 3 ^H (0 a) 4-1 M c rO 0 N w 'H 0 U c 0 ■H x ^H u T3 Q) OJ Q< X a tfl a (0 a a) x 4-J • c Oi OJ c > 0 ■H i-h rj> ra a) w M ,* rd >H • ra 0] ^^ e )h H CU < o i tr •H 3 a> Eh C J c •» • 0 rH 03 H r-l E +J h 'a J£ CD 4-) o x 03 En 4-i Q. 0 OJ O w E "— ' •H 0 00 a; • u 3 fl • O V4 03 ^H 4-1 c r— 1 1 0 13 cr ■H X c 4-1 CO 0 •H I— 1 03 0 < a 0 4-1 .. c 03 <-N 0 rO (U •H 3 — - 4-1 r- O 300 - 400 50 Distance (km) Figure 7(q). 27 K 400 108 104 50 100 Distance (km) 100 150 L 115 Figure 7(r ) . K L in 115 300 400 ri^b_b 1 0 50 Distance (km) M 119 100 - -C 200 - a 300 400 50 Distance (km) Figure 7( s ) . Figure 7(t). 28 N 123 Q. a> O 100 200 - 300 400 M 119 50 Distance (km) Figure 7(u) . 400 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 7(v). 29 C 21 B 16 M 118 J 83 K 110 400 100 Distance (km) 200 21 16 118 83 110 400 100 Distance (km) Figure 8(a): Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma- t from the CTD's. (0PT0MA11, Leg AI ) . 200 c 21 39 30 E 56 1— 74 99 32.6 100 200 - 33.0 CL Q 300 - (1) 400 100 Distance (km) 200 21 39 56 74 99 100 £ 200 "a. « a 25.6 26.0 26.4 300 400 (2) 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 8(b). 31 29 E 31 58 59 H 78 104 100 £ 200 Q. o 33.8 300 - 400 (1) 100 Distance (km) 200 26 29 31 58 59 78 104 100 - £ 200 "o. 9 Q "26.4 300 400 (2) 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 8(c) . 32 114 112 K 110 107 104 400 100 Distance (km) 99 200 114 112 110 107 104 99 100 -C 200 - Q. a> a 300 - 400 100 Distance (km) i ^ ~^~— — . 252 24.8 25.6 26.0 26.4 ' N» ^^ (2) 200 Figure 8(d) . 33 N 122 120 118 116 L 1H 112 K 110 400 100 Distance (km) 200 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 100 -C 200 - a. a 300 - 400 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 8(e). 34 (uj) iHdea o CM m U .«> m D) TJ v Q. o o o o CM O O o o o o m (uj) md8Q 0) x: -p c x: ■H 3 Q Eh U T3 C r0 Eh CQ e o . M-l M 0 u a; M D •P fO >H a; £ ■p c . [E ~o -^^fHf^^ **• "^ /^ X • y/ X • y^ / -- y / t J^ / ^0^ / ^r / ^r / - v^ ' — ■"""'^ / • • s .-__- — , j; ta ,],„ . 1 | ,, _^_ o o o o o o o o o o T3 M (0 C w QJ 4-> T3 C rrl 4J 4J I (0 e -0 , J 4-> ■rH » c .—i •H rH H QJ Cn T3 (uj) q|daa 36 ^^ "••. ♦, * • # ** *"• "*•• '^J^f* **. **•• — _i_i-^ — — ••• *"•• ^^^i^2-"-""^ *'*••.. - r'y/*'' •••.., k7{ " Wy /v / '■•-.. *• "*. ' /^^ ' **•• Sfl^/ "%.. S. kT ,;,v~ "'•. • . ^/- / / r> ' i *•. **••. *mj'w '*•-. x '■•. '"**' *• •« '"*». ""••-.. _ " % ... ■ ""*• * **"*^w ■ *# • , *"■ ■ • *• \Ci \Ci CO 0> «n CO (0 ^aP) ajnyeaaduiej, 0 •H 4J 03 o •H "* > CO ^-^ TJ ^> -t-> ^ H &. 03 < D, C CP o 03 d) CO CO >> 4-> J CO fl £ (0 t-H £ rH CO CO 4-1 2! I o Eh T3 a, o c o w 03 ^- CO with + hown. o co 1-1 CO -S relation, rs are also o Eh D \6 0 C 4-> CO (b) mea a-t con o T3 CP * C -H CO (0 CO CO T3 >H CO •H 4-> 03 u a a 0) •~\ o CO OJ CO >% 1 CO CO ir< ti * ^ • • 1— t *-* 03 CO 1 1 V_^ 0 CO Q CO Eh •• U o rH !-H OJ oi J3 CO CO 4-J 3 E CP 0 •H M © CO »ft CO o> to CO (3 9ap) ajrv^jaduiaj, 37 0.0 0.5 104 x N2 (sec-2) 100 200- Q) Q 300- 400 500 3.0 Figure 12: Mean N profile ( ), with + and - the standard deviation ( ). The N profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown (*•••). (OPTOMA11, Leg AI ) . 38 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 39 Section 2 0PT0MA11 Leg All 21 - 30 June, 1984 40 41N Eureka Cape Mendocino 39N 37N 35N Morro Bay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 13: The cruise track for OPTOMA11, Leg All. The first excursion of the track is shown as a solid line, the second excursion as a broken line. 41 41N 39N 37N 35N , Eureka ) Cape Mend ocino i x X- . . 7 Pt. Arena i X X X "? **xC tB x x * x x o x ><: x x : * b x < x x x ° : u tn It ■ • -• ■ ■ -X ■ ■ -K- ■ ■ x * • ~x* * x x XX X * x x :x x x * x x x X ox* x: x X X X x X X ?.*. ^v 7<; San ^.IFrancisco ! k X \ Y * X X ^ X X X * /-* Monterey VPt. Sur XBT : x CTD : D v-. Morro : tBay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 14: XBT and CTD locations for OPTOMA11, Leg All. 42 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W Eureka Cape Mendocino •"■*&■ 60 stsr~ : 61 0 SSI 8*2 ;r?si :u^%e3^ 95 m W7, *10|00 99 14 13, 58 159 "l09 16 ,5?5 San Francisco Monterey Pt. Sur Morro Bay 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 15: Station numbers for OPTOMA11, Leg All. 43 Table : 3 : Leg All Station i Listi STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT (NORTH) LONG (WEST) SURFAi TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG i 1 XBT 84174 335 36.42 122.06 12.0 2 XBT 84174 578 36.46 122.18 12.3 3 XBT 84174 719 36.50 122.29 12.7 4 XBT 84174 907 36.54 122.41 12.6 5 XBT 84174 1043 36.57 122.52 12.7 6 XBT 84174 1233 37.02 123.06 11.8 7 XBT 84174 1408 37.05 123.15 11.9 8 XBT 84174 1555 37.09 123.27 12.2 9 XBT 84174 1738 37.13 123.39 12.6 10 XBT 84174 1928 37.17 123.50 12.0 11 XBT 84174 2115 37.20 124.02 12.6 12 XBT 84174 2315 37.25 124.15 12.6 13 XBT 84175 100 37.28 124.25 12.7 14 XBT 84175 306 37.32 124.36 12.7 15 XBT 84175 504 37.37 124.48 12.6 16 CTD 84175 714 37.39 125.00 12.5 17 XBT 84175 907 37.35 125.08 12.7 18 XBT 84175 1018 37.31 125.17 12.2 19 XBT 84175 1130 37.28 125.26 12.5 20 XBT 84175 1240 37.23 125.35 11.9 21 CTD 84175 1413 37.19 125.44 12.4 22 XBT 84175 1707 37.26 125.50 11.8 23 XBT 84175 1820 37.33 125.56 11.7 24 XBT 84175 1930 37.40 126.01 11.9 25 XBT 84175 2040 37.47 126.06 11.8 26 CTD 84175 2145 37.53 126.12 11.8 27 XBT 84175 2351 37.58 126.07 13.0 28 XBT 84176 111 38.03 125.52 13.7 29 CTD 84176 226 38.05 125.46 13.6 30 XBT 84176 520 38.11 125.35 13.6 31 CTD 84176 638 38.14 125.27 13.5 32 XBT 84176 840 38.08 125.21 13.7 33 CTD 84176 943 38.00 125.19 13.5 34 XBT 84176 1232 37.54 125.11 12.0 35 XBT 84176 1340 37.46 125.04 10.9 36 XBT 84176 1438 37.40 125.00 12.5 37 XBT 84176 1545 37.42 125.10 11.7 38 XBT 84176 1637 37.44 125.21 11.7 39 CTD 84176 1745 37.46 125.31 11.3 40 XBT 84176 1905 37.48 125.41 11.5 41 XBT 84176 2000 37.50 125.50 11.6 42 XBT 84176 2101 37.52 126.01 11.8 43 CTD 84176 2215 37.53 126.12 12.7 44 XBT 84177 35 38.02 126.18 14.0 45 XBT 84177 100 38.06 126.19 13.8 SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 33.35 12.2 32.79 32.90 32.60 32.68 32.64 13.5 33.44 11.2 32.78 33.43 12.2 32.68 11.9 32.97 13.7 32.54 32.69 32.48 13.2 32.84 44 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD-MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 46 XBT 84177 200 38.11 126.14 13.8 47 XBT 84177 255 38.16 126.08 13.7 48 CTD 84177 356 38.21 126.02 13.8 32.68 13.7 32.69 49 XBT 84177 600 38.20 126.16 14.0 50 XBT 84177 650 38.18 126.21 13.8 51 XBT 84177 733 38.18 126.34 13.8 52 XBT 84177 815 38.22 126.32 14.0 53 CTD 84177 930 38.28 126.37 13.9 32.70 13.8 32.69 54 XBT 84177 1053 38.32 126.27 13.9 55 XBT 84177 1155 38.37 126.18 13.9 56 XBT 84177 1255 38.41 126.09 14.1 57 XBT 84177 1353 38.45 126.00 14.0 58 CTD 84177 1443 38.48 125.53 14.2 32.65 14.1 32.70 59 XBT 84177 1615 38.42 125.47 13.8 60 XBT 84177 1707 38.35 125.42 13,. 9 61 XBT 84177 1800 38.28 125.37 13.8 62 XBT 84177 1855 38.21 125.32 13.7 63 CTD 84177 1941 38.14 125.27 13.7 32.60 13.7 32.64 64 XBT 84177 2138 38.19 125.17 13.7 65 CTD 84177 2242 38.22 125.09 13.7 32.57 13.7 32.97 66 XBT 84178 46 38.27 125.01 14.0 67 XBT 84178 150 38.31 124.51 14.0 68 CTD 84178 250 38.34 124.43 13.8 32.66 13.7 32.69 69 XBT 84178 455 38.42 124.48 13.9 70 XBT 84178 600 38.49 124.54 13.9 71 XBT 84178 700 38.56 124.59 13.9 72 XBT 84178 750 39.02 125.05 14.0 73 CTD 84178 855 39.09 125.09 13.6 32.53 13.6 32.57 74 XBT 84178 1030 39.05 125.18 13.6 75 XBT 84178 1126 39.01 125.27 13.8 76 XBT 84178 1223 38.57 125.35 14.6 77 XBT 84178 1323 38.53 125.45 14.1 78 CTD 84178 1426 38.48 125.53 14.5 32.67 14.4 32.68 79 XBT 84178 1600 38.47 125.42 14.5 80 XBT 84178 1652 38.45 125.32 14.2 81 CTD 84178 1745 38.43 125.23 14.3 32.61 14.2 32.66 82 XBT 84178 1908 38.41 125.13 14.0 83 XBT 84178 2000 38.39 125.03 14.0 84 XBT 84178 2055 38.37 124.53 14.5 85 CTD 84178 2150 38.34 124.43 14.2 32.66 14.2 32.70 86 XBT 84178 2340 38.28 124.37 13.8 87 CTD 84179 25 38.20 124.33 12.0 32.93 12.0 32.97 88 XBT 84179 218 38.14 124.27 11.8 89 XBT 84179 245 38.11 124.25 12.2 90 XBT 84179 336 38.09 124.17 11.4 45 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(E>E)D.MM)(DEG ^ (ppT) (D£G C) (ppt) 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84179 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84180 84181 425 610 702 805 915 1005 1055 1150 1244 1340 1430 1530 1627 1730 1843 1930 2040 2145 2250 2345 43 140 245 426 530 630 730 830 932 1019 1125 1226 1323 1420 1521 1615 1723 1753 1848 1936 2030 2118 2216 2312 5 38.06 38.06 38.04 38.03 37.59 37.50 37.44 37.38 37.31 37.25 37.19 37.25 37.31 37.27 37.23 37.20 37.26 37.33 37.41 37.47 37.54 38.01 38.08 38.22 38.28 38.32 38.37 38.41 38.45 38.49 38.53 38.57 39.01 39.05 39.09 39.02 38.53 38.48 38.42 38.35 38.28 38.22 38.14 38.07 38.01 124.09 124.19 124.29 124.43 124.40 124.40 124.45 124.50 124.55 125.01 125.06 125.12 125.18 125.28 125.36 125.40 125.50 125.56 126.02 126.06 126.12 126.17 126.22 126.32 126.37 126.28 126.18 126.09 126.00 125.52 125.47 125.35 125.26 125.17 125.08 125.04 124.58 124.53 124.48 124.43 124.38 124.33 124.27 124.22 124.18 11.7 11.7 11.9 11.3 11.9 12.8 13.0 13.4 13.2 13.0 13.5 12.3 13.5 13.8 13 13 13 12 12 14.1 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.8 14 14 14 15 15 15.0 15.0 14 14 13 14 13 14.0 14.2 14.2 13.8 13.3 33.66 33.17 11.5 11.1 32.68 33.48 12 12 11.4 11.4 46 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG c) 136 XBT 84181 100 37.57 124.27 13.1 137 XBT 84181 153 37.52 124.34 12.8 138 XBT 84181 250 37.48 124.43 13.2 139 XBT 84181 340 37.44 124.51 13.8 140 XBT 84181 440 37.40 125.00 13.9 141 XBT 84181 540 37.47 125.06 12.4 142 XBT 84181 640 37.54 125.11 13.1 143 XBT 84181 747 38.01 125.21 14.4 144 XBT 84181 847 38.08 125.25 14.4 145 XBT 84181 947 38.15 125.26 14.3 146 XBT 84181 1045 38.14 125.20 14.4 147 XBT 84181 1147 38.12 125.10 14.4 148 XBT 84181 1247 38.10 124.57 13.8 149 XBT 84181 1352 38.07 124.45 13.3 150 XBT 84181 1508 38.05 124.37 11.5 151 XBT 84181 1618 38.03 124.27 11.4 152 XBT 84181 1720 38.01 124.18 12.8 153 XBT 84181 1895 37.54 124.15 13.0 154 XBT 84181 1900 37.47 124.12 13.3 155 XBT 84181 2000 37.43 124.03 13.4 156 XBT 84181 2057 37.39 123.55 13.4 157 XBT 84181 2217 37.33 123.43 13.1 158 XBT 84181 2333 37.28 123.33 13.0 159 XBT 84182 55 37.23 123.22 12.3 160 XBT 84182 215 37.17 123.11 12.5 161 XBT 84182 333 37.12 123.00 12.8 162 XBT 84182 454 37.06 122.50 13.1 163 XBT 84182 615 37.01 122.39 12.4 164 XBT 84182 753 36.55 122.27 11.8 165 XBT 84182 980 36.50 122.16 11.0 166 XBT 84182 1025 36.45 122.07 11.6 47 O OQ o o o o 1 XI T3 CU 0) CP tT> (0 -P [fl o a CD 3 (0 CU a E +J Eh X CU u 3 cn •H (Ul) M|d9Q 48 O U 3 . — 0) u ■H o o (LU) l\\dBQ 52 m & 0) M 3 •H (iu) Mjdaa 53 en U2 CD U O en ■H UJ (iu) q|d9Q 54 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 500 a. a> a 1000 1500 16 21 26 80 30 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 80 500 CL o 1000 - 1500 85 87 80 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 30 40 50 60 70 500 - a> Q 1000 - 1500 T 63 I 68 73 78 81 91 94 65 85 87 I J H I K L 80 ■^^^^^^^ Figure 17(b). 56 m ►o <7> m < ^ (lu) md9Q CO ■rH •H X T3 rH •H to CP t CO 01 .* X u M o •H e 0 *-* .* w u • to 3 M • 0 +J co rH i c I— 1 Cn 0 0 OJ •H x: X |I4 CO p 57 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(b). c 21 D 25 400 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(c). D 26 B 400 30 50 Distance (km) 35 100 £ 200 "a. a> a 300 - 400 E 31 U^ i ^r ^Sss^ \^\ 12 10 "x; \ 8 An6 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(d). Figure 18(e). 58 400 50 Distance (km) 100 Figure 18(f). D 43 100 £ 200 "S. a 300 400 47 k Y 1 1 1 1 /~~^ 12 — . 10 • \-^- 8 50 Distance (km) 52 400 F 48 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(g). Figure 18(h). 59 G 53 H 100 => -C 200 * a a> a 300 - 400 57 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(i). 400 62 H 58 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(j). E 63 •C 200 a 300 400 67 0 50 Distance (km) 68 400 72 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(k). Figure 18(1) . 60 H 78 400 82 50 Distance (km) 100 Figure 18(m). H 77 100 £ 200 "S. 4) a 300 - 400 J 73 ^~ ^14 / 12 10 - i 8 _6 0 50 Distance (km) 400 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(n). Figure 18(o) 61 N 100 400 M 9$ 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(p), 100 400 50 Distance (km) 105 N 101 400 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(q). Figure 18(r). 62 c 106 D 110 100 Distance (km) 114 Figure 18(s). G 115 400 H 119 123 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 18(t). 150 63 K 100 X 200 Q. «) Q 300 400 133 129 J 125 100 Distance (km) Figure 18(u). 64 B 400 139 K 135 50 Distance (km) B 140 144 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(v). Figure 18(w) K 149 E 145 400 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 18(x). 65 v^ in » ID in o CD E >i .* ~^ 00 Cn ■r-l Q Cl4 (w) md9Q 66 B 16 33 E 31 100 - -C 200 - Q. 300 - H 58 400 - N V \- 1 32.8 ^""C" X -. ^^"*^ 13 —■ - 7 ^— ~~" "x. 34.0 (1) 100 Distance (km) 200 16 33 31 58 u \\. "™^~ ^^^ ~^"^- 24.4 100 \"^\ — ^^^ 24. b ' ■ . 25.2 J; ^^\^~ — 25.6 26.0 £ 200 "a. a> a ^ . 26.4 300 - a on ^v. 26.8 (2) 100 Distance (km) Figure 19(a): Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma- t from the CTD's. (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 200 67 D 43 29 E 31 65 85 100 ----- £ 200 © 300 400 (1) '""'»«. — ""11 100 Distance (km) 200 43 29 31 65 85 100 ; £ 200 a. a> Q 300 400 (2) 24.4 ~>A 8 "N^ " * — - — -— ^ " 25.2 ~~~— — — __ Zd . b " 26.0 ^^ 26.4 ^26.8 - — ^ ^ . , , . 1 , — 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 19(b). 68 K 91 87 85 100 - •C 200 - Q. _ u U) T3 c "3 43 4J Q En U c (0 CQ X E 0 • ^ <-> 4-1 M CD o Qj rH <— I CD < 3 O 4-> E-< (0 Du M O 0) — • g 0) • 4-1 C (0 cd 2 c o ■H 4J (d ■H > CD .. 73 O CM Xi U CD f0 3 C en (0 •H 4-1 Cu CO (lu) q^daa 70 CM I iN g> in (N ^ s ^-"' . ^^^^^ ■»—■"*" ^^^.»— *-" ^ *■» ^ <•" *"" -" ^^-*^^**-' ** "" "* v^ ' ** ** >^ ' /* ^/^ / • * >^ / ' "" /^ ^ >^ / ~ ^^0^ s ^j^*0^ s ^^***^ / •*0"'^ / s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o o o o CM O o K> o o o o m (uj) q|daa u T3 C CO 0) 4J T3 C (0 -p i (0 E cn ■H CO T3 < c tu •H «. C rH r0 2 CO O -* a, (a o o • CO co - CD Q -H Eh H U 0 CD CU 4-> c e m o CD U S 4-1 CM CD -P cr> > •H d) a, ts (uj) q|daa 71 " * '"'*••. "• **• "•• x *JT *"• **■ - - "iJs*^: * ''••• .-^^^^^ "'•-.. - a" J*'* '• """ , '* — X / *••. '•♦. 'I OV' '"'••.. i. 'V ^ %. ***. i- ~^T '/ "**•• ^^i^hjx'''-.. "■•••... ■ '*••.. "* lO CO (3 Sep) ajn^jaduiaj, ^-"^ » «o CO • M H < Cn <1> o J <* CO rH +? a, nj o o ' ' m o p --' oo >% 0) CO -t-> QJ • G x) x: c • •—* w P 3 ^^ o cd i x: CO o C 0 rQ CO w i-H CO + (0 x: d) P u •H ro 3 o CO - U •—1 C 0 CO 0 0 ■H P P c 13 0 M U H - *J ■H Q a CO Eh a a u o CO 0) CO CO i x: Eh P .iH ~ £ ■H 0) Ci4 T3 o w* CO *r> CO o> lO CO (p Sap) ajn^jaduiax 72 10* x N2 (sec-2) 1.0 1.5 2.0 100- 200- Q. O 300- 400- 500 3.0 Figure 23: Mean N profile (• ), with + and - the standard deviation ( ). The N^ profile from T(z) and sTzT is also shown ( *•••). (0PT0MA11, Leg All). 73 Section 3 0PT0MA11 Leg AIII 5-13 July, 1984 74 41N 39N 37N 35N , Eureka \^ Cape Mend ocino : ; E .. > Pt. Ai *en a • D\ ^V \(^ San ^£jFrancisco I C ^B H j G ^^\* { ) r1 Monterey VPt. Sur X-, Morro 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 24: The cruise track for OPTOMA11, Leg AIII. 75 41N 39N 37N 35N XBT : x CTD : a , Eureka ) Cape Mend ocino ..) Pt. Ai *ena > X X X X X X X X X * * I X X X X X X > * ^V \r" San ^^JFrancisco X X X. 3 X x X x x * X o x< XX £ X L X * X x X x x X X *.*. X x X x x X x x x X x X X x X /-'Monterey V Pt. Sur V-. Morro : rBay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 25: XBT and CTD locations for OPTOMA11, Leg AIII 76 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 26: Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg AIII 77 Table 4 : Leg AIII Station STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT (NORTH) LONG (WEST) SURFA TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG 1 XBT 84187 1723 36.42 122.06 14.0 2 XBT 84187 1835 36.46 122.17 14.7 3 XBT 84187 1949 36.50 122.29 14.6 4 XBT 84187 2108 36.54 122.41 15.1 5 XBT 84187 2218 36.58 122.52 14.9 6 XBT 84187 2336 37.01 123.04 15.0 7 XBT 84188 49 37.05 123.15 13.9 8 XBT 84188 201 37.09 123.27 13.9 9 XBT 84188 318 37.13 123.39 13.7 10 XBT 84188 435 37.16 123.50 13.6 11 XBT 84188 603 37.20 124.01 14.5 12 XBT 84188 741 37.24 124.14 13.9 13 XBT 84188 1016 37.29 124.25 13.9 14 XBT 84188 1557 37.35 124.33 13.6 15 XBT 84188 2221 37.42 124.42 13.7 16 XBT 84189 1846 37.40 125.00 13.8 17 XBT 84189 2021 37.36 125.09 14.0 18 XBT 84189 2201 37.31 125.18 13.9 19 XBT 84189 2338 37.27 125.27 13.5 20 XBT 84190 110 37.23 125.36 13.5 21 CTD 84190 255 37.19 125.44 13.2 22 XBT 84190 532 37.26 125.50 13.9 23 XBT 84190 1055 37.33 125.56 11.8 24 XBT 84190 1701 37.40 126.03 12.6 25 XBT 84191 31 37.47 126.06 14.2 26 XBT 84191 550 37.54 126.12 14.4 27 XBT 84191 1116 38.01 126.17 14.8 28 XBT 84191 1607 38.08 126.22 14.6 29 XBT 84191 2106 38.15 126.27 14.5 30 XBT 84192 155 38.22 126.32 14.9 31 XBT 84192 616 38.28 126.37 14.7 32 XBT 84192 1013 38.32 126.27 14.6 33 XBT 84192 1443 38.35 126.20 14.8 34 XBT 84192 1853 38.40 126.10 15.1 35 XBT 84193 3 38.45 126.00 15.1 36 XBT 84193 400 38.49 125.53 15.1 37 XBT 84193 857 38.53 125.43 14.9 38 XBT 84193 1310 38.57 125.35 14.0 39 XBT 84193 1803 38.53 125.26 13.9 40 XBT 84193 1845 38.45 125.22 14.0 41 XBT 84193 1941 38.37 125.18 13.4 42 XBT 84193 2036 38.30 125.14 10.9 43 XBT 84193 2106 38.26 125.11 11.0 44 XBT 84193 2122 38.21 125.10 10.6 45 XBT 84193 2227 38.16 125.05 10.7 SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 33.28 * Data not available STN TYPE YR/DAY 46 47 48 49 52 53 54 55 XBT XBT XBT XBT 50 XBT 51 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 56 XBT 57 XBT 58 XBT 59 XBT 60 XBT 61 XBT 62 XBT 84193 84194 84194 84194 84194 84194 84194 84194 84194 84194 84195 84195 84195 84195 84195 84195 84195 GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 2333 34 140 247 910 1759 1928 2058 2235 2358 200 346 609 815 1018 1209 1331 38.08 38.02 37.54 37.46 37.53 37.46 37.38 37.30 37.21 37.14 37.03 37.05 37.11 37.17 37.22 37.27 37.20 125.01 124.57 124.52 124.48 124.55 124.52 124.45 124.39 124.31 124 124 124 123 24 16 07 55 123.43 123.32 123.21 123.11 12.6 12.8 13.3 13 13 13 13 13 13 13.0 13 13 13 12.8 12.8 13.8 12.9 79 O O U in E X3 a> u v rd +J w o a a' D -P (0 M 0) !« 0) p H cc X r- CM ID < *. (ui) md&Q [fl •H X T3 03 0) 03 H 3 13 4-1 QJ C M 0 r0 N •H UJ h 1) 0 c -C ■H ^1 M QJ T3 a OJ a.c 3 in re o QJ a o x: ^H H 03 Cr> • C/J OJ i— i •*^v ^ u H E >-l fQ H JX (0 < x x ; 0 X ; 0 ■ ^ Cape Mendocino x : x x x x — x L.x x *...* \ X ;X x X X -\ o Q a o 0 ''. 1 X xl X X x ) x x: x X J < x° if XX ; x x x x x : l * * • \ □ : o □ x ' \ x.. ) PI. A rena : a \ x • \ ■ \ * XO * X°X V ■ «** x.x \ * ^"x \ : a x .t* X o „x_? X *\ \r San a™ x X ^-\Francisco X 1 1 \ 0 Xx X X o CM <7> 00 -0 rn ■H CO 0£ <7> 00 00 00 oo o o «— ■■ O i ■ O o o o CN O O O O o o (uu) q{d9Q 100 m u 3 (ui) mdeQ 101 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 0 20 40 60 o r^ 30 100 200 - 300 £ 400 a. Q 500 - 600 - 700 800 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 20 24 28 32 36 40 80 44 48 52 D E F G H Figure 35(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (0PT0MA11, Leg DI ) . 102 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 100 200 300 £ 400 Q. Q> Q 500 600 700 800 30 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 J K L M N 80 u \ \ "" \ 100 . \ I I \ | 200 \ \ 69 \ i B ! ^ 300 £ 400 0) Q 500 600 - 700 - 800 < >2 ! i Y7 61 ( >5 '1 74 78 J J4 J 57 Figure 35(b). 103 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 100 // 200 - // 1 / 101 / / T 300 / a. a> o 400 500 | 600 700 • Rnn 9 4 1 97 119 122 125 30 100 200 ^-s 300 -C 400 Q. Q) Q 500 600 700 800 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 0 ^■^^^^^»■^■^^r^,■*■p^T^F■^■•*■^J^™*^^^^^^^^^^^,^^ 101 94 97 119 122 125 V W 80 ^^—f^"^1^ Figure 35(c). 104 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 3000 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 80 3000 Figure 36: CTD casts to 3000m. Temperature profiles are staggered by multiples of 5C and salinity profiles by 4 ppt, (0PT0MA11, Leg DI ) . 105 < - - r. -. m «r> n o> O (iu) M|daa s +J o 0 CO o .c 01 K) CO u 03 (D ■H £ X 4-> 03 '4-1 H ■H 03 4J T3 c CD 0 CO N a •H M CD O U x: m M co CD CD a c a •H 3 H o CD T3 o JC CD -^ > o u H c ID CT o e -»— CD C/l j* U b u •H 01 E-i CO M OJ • ■9 • co s ^ e 3 M u 0) c a o XI C rr\ o 4-1 o §T 0 •H j co +j ■H 5; a; » rH u Ol CD ^ M 4J 1 c o 0 • ^H CO •H ^H ro CO 01 - — 0 J= r- Cu to m C 0 CD 0 0 o u •H 4-> 3 4-> CP (0 CO ■H 4-> 03 t, w 3 106 c 12 400 D 16 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 37(b). E 20 D 16 400 50 Distance (km) Figure 37(c). F 28 24 400 50 100 Distance (km) E 20 150 Figure 37(d). 107 F 28 400 G 32 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 37(e). H 36 150 100 £ 200 "a. Q 300 - 400 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 37(f). 108 44 400 48 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 37(g). J 52 150 L 61 a. © 100 200 300 400 K 57 50 100 Distance (km) J 53 150 Figure 37(h). 109 L 61 M 65 M 69 M 65 50 Distance (km) Figure 37 ( i ) . 100 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 37(j). 0 74 N 69 0 75 400 400 ■— - 79 50 Distance (km) 100 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 37(k). Figure 37(1). 110 U 104 T 100 W 400 50 Distance (km) Figure 37(m) 400 V 119 50 Distance (km) Figure 37(n) w 122 100 £ 200 "a. a 300 400 X 127 ^~--~~- ^T^ ^^//~ ~~""~--^ 12 ~ 10 ^^^^ __ 8 - 6 ^^ 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 37(o). Ill =>2 o K"> r- CD u (lu) md»a 112 24 G 32 40 48 57 400 24 400 100 200 Distance (km) 32 40 48 57 100 200 Distance (km) Figure 38(a): Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma-t from the CTD's. Dotted lines are used if the cast was too shallow. (0PT0MA11, Leg DI ) . 113 s 94 Q 87 84 78 0 71 100 £ 200 Q. Q 300 - 400 100 Distance (km) Figure 38(c). 200 115 o CM. ^2 Q. E ir> o o o o CM o o o o o o m T3 U c ro 4J W (U x: 4-J c id x: 4-J H Q U c Eh m (uj) M|daQ E 0 u 14-1 w 0) r-\ H 4-1 0 M • a *-> H dj a h 3 m 4-> tu (0 j M CD * Q< rH E rH 4-) ^ O c H fO a, (D 0 >: .. • en c ro 0 H CD 4-1 u fl 0 ■rH CP > •H 0) b T3 (lu) M|daa 116 CM D cm E 00 tO CM O O o o CM O O ro O O o o m (LU) q|d9Q in to K> Q. Q. [E "o oo , CM tO ^■^ to ' U---'^^^ ~ ^•^ / ^ — / _ ^n***0*^ f ^S^ / X • •" o o o o CM o o m o o o o m (lu) mdaa T3 fO n c ro P 03 CO P C <0 p ■H P I m e Xi TS Q C (0 CP a) >, J •H .. C rH to 2 en O Eh — cu to O 0 M Qj P c e fO 0 a) m 2 U-i o 0) D rji > 117 s?. Vj_ in CO o> ID CO (3 Sap) ajn^Jaduiaj, m CO CO o ^~^ CO ^> 03 CM CO O CO co co o N " CO >^ CO 1% *-■ CD T3 V u 01 X) c • m '-^ 4-1 M tn a OJ CT J3 cd +j j i * ^H T3 ^H c (0 i o + H a. JS O 4J -— - H 3 • •» c c 3 0 0 H -C ■P 0) m ^H 0 CD tn M H ra W 1 CD H u 03 C rC w a j u F 3 0 -— - 4-1 Xi c ' () u T1 c +J (0 1 ra to e M D> ■H •H fl CO u, T3 CO CD 1 4J f- U CD ■^ rH rfl CD *■' CO ., • t—t 10 T * a CD F" M u 3 cr CD H £ tu ■u m co en in co (3 9ap) ajn^jaduiaj, 118 0.0 0.5 104 x N2 (sec-2) 1.0 1.5 2.0 s0^* "S. 0) o 3.0 500 Figure 42: Mean N profile ( ), with + and - the standard deviation ( ). The N2 profile from T(z) and sTzT is also shown ( ). (0PT0MA11, Leg DI ) . 119 Section 5 0PT0MA11 Leg DII 30 June - 10 July, 1984 120 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 43: The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg DII. The second traversal of the interior semi-diagonals is shown as a broken line. 121 41N XBT : x CTD : □ 39N 37N 35N f * . *.X.X x XX Eureka Cape Mendocino x x X X X X o x x □ X < X D X * x,x San Francisco x X x # Monterey Pt. Sur 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 44: XBT and CTD locations for OPTOMA11, Leg DII. 122 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W .53 52 7?5 6*8 6S7 54 It ..3A»MtP.. 55 ?t 19 61 5 17 Eureka Cape Mendocino 16 la '44*J2 4i40, 36 37 18 31 *8 919293SC 99 100 101 102 106 10*5 IDA.. 113 112114 111 no- 109 108 107 115 116 117 119 122 12tt3 •«*5 U4 U9 9|43 142 San Francisco .S&SOQa 12527 126 l3?332" . 13435 Monterey Pt. Sur Morro Bay 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 45: Station numbers for OPTOMA11, Leg DII. 123 Table 6 : Leg DII Stat ion L: STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT (NORTH) LONG (WEST) SURFA( TEMP (DD.MM)(E>DD.MM)(DEG ( 1 XBT 84183 113 36.47 122.10 11.2 2 XBT 84183 200 36.53 122.21 11.6 3 XBT 84183 300 36.59 122.31 11.6 4 XBT 84183 407 37.04 122.41 11.9 5 XBT 84183 503 37.09 122.50 11.8 6 XBT 84183 603 37.15 122.58 12.0 7 XBT 84183 700 37.21 123.06 12.3 8 XBT 84183 815 37.28 123.17 12.2 9 XBT 84183 906 37.33 123.25 12.9 10 XBT 84183 1014 37.37 123.37 13.0 11 XBT 84183 1105 37.42 123.45 12.6 12 XBT 84183 1243 37.51 123.59 12.4 13 XBT 84183 1350 37.57 124.10 12.7 14 CTD 84183 1514 38.01 124.17 13.0 15 XBT 84183 1722 38.09 124.24 11.1 16 XBT 84183 2036 38.28 124.38 12.0 17 XBT 84183 2210 38.34 124.45 13.3 18 XBT 84184 19 38.45 124.55 14.1 19 XBT 84184 430 38.54 125.01 13.8 20 XBT 84184 806 39.02 125.04 13.9 21 XBT 84184 1106 39.09 125.11 14.0 22 XBT 84184 1705 39.02 125.19 13.9 23 XBT 84184 1800 38.52 125.21 14.0 24 XBT 84184 1850 38.43 125.23 14.2 25 XBT 84184 1957 38.32 125.27 13.8 26 XBT 84184 2022 38.28 125.28 14.0 27 XBT 84184 2102 38.20 125.28 14.0 28 XBT 84184 2139 38.15 125.28 14.2 29 CTD 84184 2224 38.10 125.31 13.8 30 XBT 84184 2344 38.00 125.36 13.8 31 XBT 84185 228 37.30 125.43 13.6 32 CTD 84185 335 37.20 125.43 13.2 33 XBT 84185 700 37.30 125.21 13.6 34 XBT 84185 800 37.35 125.13 13.7 35 XBT 84185 900 37.40 125.04 13.6 36 XBT 84185 1000 37.46 124.52 13.7 37 XBT 84185 1122 37.51 124.40 13.5 38 XBT 84185 1206 37.57 124.28 13.8 39 CTD 84185 1313 38.01 124.16 13.8 40 XBT 84185 1444 38.03 124.30 13.6 41 XBT 84185 1544 38.03 124.44 11.8 42 XBT 84185 1636 38.05 124.59 12.2 43 XBT 84185 1722 38.05 125.08 13.9 44 XBT 84185 1810 38.07 125.21 14.1 45 CTD 84185 1938 38.10 125.31 14.1 SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 33.49 13.5 33.50 32.62 14.4 33.44 13.5 33.04 33.45 14.0 32.68 32.65 14.4 32.69 * Data not available 124 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD-MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (ppx) 46 XBT 84185 2158 38.14 125.54 14.2 47 XBT 84185 2302 38.18 126.06 14.7 48 XBT 84186 6 38.22 126.23 14.6 49 XBT 84186 102 38.25 126.28 14.6 50 CTD 84186 134 38.28 126.37 14.4 32.66 14.8 32.69 51 XBT 84186 248 38.31 126.32 14.5 52 XBT 84186 426 38.38 126.15 14.9 53 XBT 84186 514 38.43 126.05 14.7 54 XBT 84186 619 38.49 125.54 15.1 55 XBT 84186 739 38.55 125.42 15.1 56 XBT 84186 850 39.00 125.31 14.7 57 XBT 84186 930 39.03 125.20 14.5 58 CTD 84186 1122 39.09 125.11 14.5 32.56 14.6 32.59 59 XBT 84186 1226 39.02 125.10 14.3 60 XBT §4186 1336 38.48 125.17 14.2 61 XBT 84186 1434 38.38 125.20 14.4 62 XBT 84186 1534 38.28 125.24 14.2 63 XBT 84186 1627 38.19 125.24 14.5 64 CTD 84186 1716 38.09 125.32 14.3 32.64 14.9 * 65 XBT 84186 1910 38.13 125.46 14.1 66 XBT 84186 2000 38.15 125.56 14.8 67 XBT 84186 2055 38.19 126.12 14.8 68 XBT 84186 2135 38.21 126.17 14.7 69 XBT 84186 2230 38.25 126.28 14.9 70 CTD 84186 2311 38.28 126.37 14.8 32.67 15.2 32.70 71 XBT 84187 44 38.25 126.49 14.9 72 XBT 84187 138 38.18 126.58 14.6 73 XBT 84187 221 38.14 127.02 14.7 74 XBT 84187 319 38.13 126.50 14.5 75 XBT 84187 430 38.10 126.35 14.4 76 XBT 84187 517 38.08 126.23 14.4 77 XBT 84187 621 38.05 126.30 14.1 78 XBT 84187 722 38.01 126.43 13.9 79 CTD 84187 800 38.00 126.50 14.1 32.63 14.4 32.64 80 XBT 84187 1021 37.55 126.38 13.4 81 XBT 84187 1134 37.53 126.24 13.0 82 XBT 84187 1300 37.52 126.12 14.0 83 XBT 84187 1346 37.48 126.20 13.4 84 XBT 84187 1427 37.44 126.29 11.9 85 CTD 84187 1526 37.40 126.37 12.1 32.73 13.3 32.67 86 XBT 84187 1733 37.38 126.21 12.1 87 XBT 84187 1816 37.38 126.11 11.9 88 XBT 84187 1933 37.35 126.00 12.5 89 XBT 84187 2013 37.32 126.08 12.3 90 XBT 84187 2058 37.28 126.15 13.8 * Data not available 125 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 91 CTD 84187 2139 37.24 126.24 13.9 33.37 14.0 * 92 XBT 84187 2344 37.21 126.10 14.2 93 XBT 84188 36 37.20 126.00 14.0 94 CTD 84188 144 37.19 125.46 14.0 33.39 * * 95 XBT 84188 402 37.12 126.00 14.1 96 XBT 84188 502 37.07 126.09 14.5 97 XBT 84188 556 37.03 126.19 15.0 98 CTD 84188 721 36.59 126.33 15.4 32.91 15.3 32.94 99 XBT 84188 944 36.42 126.21 15.7 100 XBT 84188 1044 36.32 126.15 15.5 101 CTD 84188 1134 36.24 126.13 15.5 32.88 15.4 33.33 102 XBT 84188 1328 36.17 126.06 15.5 103 XBT 84188 1410 36.10 126.01 15.4 104 CTD 84188 1510 36.00 125.55 15.6 32.90 15.9 32.76 105 XBT 84188 1744 36.08 125.50 15.4 106 XBT 84188 2025 36.17 125.44 15.6 107 XBT 84188 2308 36.29 125.39 15.5 108 CTD 84189 100 36.39 125.34 15.5 32.88 15.8 32.91 109 XBT 84189 346 36.49 125.27 14.5 110 XBT 84189 531 36.57 125.22 14.3 111 CTD 84189 752 37.05 125.17 12.8 32.91 12.7 32.91 112 XBT 84189 1056 37.13 125.13 13.4 113 CTD 84189 1300 37.20 125.11 12.8 33.25 13.0 33.28 114 XBT 84189 1436 37.12 124.59 13.1 115 XBT 84189 1543 37.04 124.48 13.9 116 XBT 84189 1649 36.56 124.39 14.2 117 XBT 84189 1755 36.50 124.31 13.1 118 CTD 84189 1919 36.39 124.16 13.4 32.97 13.7 32.98 119 XBT 84189 2136 36.51 124.12 14.1 120 XBT 84189 2342 37.00 124.05 14.0 121 XBT 84190 110 37.09 124.01 13.9 122 CTD 84190 300 37.20 123.58 13.3 33.43 13.0 33.28 123 XBT 84190 440 37.10 123.53 14.4 124 XBT 84190 534 37.01 123.49 13.9 125 XBT 84190 634 36.49 123.45 14.7 126 XBT 84190 731 36.41 123.40 14.6 127 XBT 84190 923 36.50 123.34 14.7 128 XBT 84190 1057 37.00 123.30 14.7 129 XBT 84190 555 37.09 123.24 14.2 130 XBT 84190 1400 37.05 123.13 14.0 131 CTD 84190 1510 37.00 123.01 14.4 33.21 14.3 33.23 132 XBT 84190 1719 36.56 122.48 14.0 133 XBT 84190 1814 36.52 122.37 13.3 134 XBT 84190 1932 36.47 122.21 13.9 135 XBT 84190 2014 36.45 122.12 14.1 * Data not available 126 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 136 XBT 84191 55 36.52 122.09 14.2 137 XBT 84191 202 37.00 122.19 13.4 138 CTD 84190 247 37.02 122.23 12.5 33.70 12.8 33.47 139 XBT 84191 440 37.04 122.41 12.8 140 XBT 84191 607 37.05 122.57 14.0 141 CTD 84191 814 37.09 123.15 14.2 33.25 14.3 33.26 142 CTD 84191 1314 37.21 123.16 12.5 33.52 * * 143 XBT 84191 1921 37.33 123.18 12.8 144 XBT 84191 2239 37.47 123.23 12.4 145 XBT 84192 122 37.59 123.21 11.7 146 CTD 84192 318 38.08 123.21 10.6 33.73 10.2 33.75 147 CTD 84192 411 38.03 123.15 12.7 33.60 10.8 33.38 148 XBT 84192 538 37.56 123.08 11.9 149 CTD 84192 710 37.48 123.00 11.8 33.70 12.0 * * Data not available 127 o o L. 00 0> a. E o £ r^ XJ o a> O) o O -+-~ lO in o -* o K3 O CN 01 o Eh o CJ LD o w (D a e T3 U m tn 0) H H IH 0 M a ■n n 3 4-) (0 u CD a, E a' 4J CQ T u a en ■H a. (oi) M|dea 128 o m o O u ■H fa m l^M. •l-u UJ Q o o o O o o o o o o o O o o o o •"■ CM fO ^ m io h- 00 (lu) q|daa 129 *f CD to 3 CP H (LU) Lj|d9Q 130 T3 0) u 3 ■H (w) qjd©a 131 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 300 - a. Q 800 30 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 80 300 Q. a> Q 800 14 29 32 39 45 50 58 70 79 B D B D D Figure 47(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (OPTOMA11, Leg DID. 132 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 300 - a> Q 800 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 30 40 50 60 70 80 *■wl■■^■^^^'^^,|^p^^■'^~^^^■,^^^f^^^^^^^^^^^w^■^*■^^■^'P^^■^^■^,■* 300 Q 800 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 30 40 50 60 70 80 ■^^p^ *^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^» 111 113 118 122 131 141 P Q R T Figure 47(c) 134 500 - Q. Q 1000 - 1500 30 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 500 \ 40 50 60 70 80 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 0) Q 122 1000 1500 131 R Figure 48: CTD casts deeper than 800m. (OPTOMA11, Leg DID . 135 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 500 30 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 100 - 200 - 2 300 400 500 i i i i ii i 138 131 80 ffT^T^^fp i iii 149 147 146 141 142 Figure 49: Nearshore CTD casts plotted to 500m or less. (GPTOMA11, Leg DII). 136 A 400 100 Distance (km) 200 B 13 Figure 50(a): Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow. (0PT0MA11, Leg DID. 137 B 14 400 18 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 50(b). 150 100 > £ 200 "S. Q 300 400 R 122 50 Distance (km) 100 50 Distance (km) 100 Figure 50(u) Figure 50(v). 145 T 129 133 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 50(w). s 126 400 50 Distance (km) U 138 50 Distance (km) 100 Figure 50(x). Figure 50(y). 146 T 141 400 145 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 50(z). 147 E 94 M 91 K 85 79 F 70 400 100 Distance (km) 200 94 91 85 79 70 100 £ 200 a. a> a 300 400 ^^~ ^^~ I I ^ -^____' 24.8 ^^— -Z" ' — ---___25.2 "^^ 25.6 - 26.0 - 26.4 ~^— -^j^s (2) 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 51(a): Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma-t from the CTD's. (0PT0MA11, Leg DID. 148 0 104 100 -C 200 ' O. Q 300 400 ^04 400 108 111 P 113 100 Distance (km) 108 111 100 Distance (km) 113 Figure 51(b). 149 T3 U 03 C m +J w •H 3 Q Eh U -Q T3 C o CD ^2 Q. . V ^ ^^ s x ^^"^ N v ~ ~~ - - ^^---^ ~ ~ ~^^~"^-~~ljr - - - ^ "~ ^ ■* - *■*■-* ^ "* *- ^, ^^"~""~"^—~^.^>^^ ** V _ _ " ' ■ ■ ' 1 1 1 o o o o CM o o o o o o (iu) q|daa E 0 u 4-1 tn (D p— I •H o • M -» CU M M 2 o C E- cu o s ~ -P re ■H > CD U, T3 0) In D 150 O O O O O O o o o o (uj) qjdaa T3 ro T3 C m C/5 a> x: -p T3 C n3 x -P •H p I (0 E Cn •H W T3 a c (0 en CD >, J •H P - C -H «J 2 w O E-< — a, rd O o • in - •H CD (uj) qidaQ 151 '"""••-. """• /viK/ """■* ''••* ."'if'^'V/^/^' ""••• ;.;V)i'''y/ - ^*^l"/v /\| '' /• V^" < ly^ 1 /vi/-*'. "*♦.. '••. ^V^' ' ••••,., ' . '**" >. """-.. '"**-.. 1 , L^ , 1 , 1 Jvg , 1 , 1 , L in to m to o> m tO (3 6ap) ejniDjadiuej. tO Q_ Ct_ o ^-^ CM tO O tO m to o to CL Q. to to O 00 CM to O tO c 0 H 4-> It H > Q) T3 • *-> T3 H M H m Q T) c Cn ft) x: a; 4J u 3 E CP 0 ■H V-l Lu 14-1 (p 6sp) 8jn|DjadLua^ 152 10* x N2 100- 200- Q. 0) Q 300- 400- 500 3.0 Figure 55: Mean N^ profile ( ), with + and - the standard deviation ( ). The N2 profile from T(z) and SlzT is also shown( ). (OPTOMA11, Leg DID. 153 Section 6 0PT0MA11 Leg Dili 27 July - 5 August, 1984 154 40N 38N 36N 127W 125W 123W 121W Figure 56: The cruise track for 0PT0MA11, Leg Dili. 155 40N 38N 36N 127W 125W 123W 121W Figure 57: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA11, Leg Dili. 156 40N 38N 36N 127W 125W 123W 121W Figure 58: Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg Dili 157 Table 7: Leg Dili Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT 84210 84210 84210 84210 84210 84210 84210 84210 84210 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84211 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 81 150 622 1031 1532 1730 1927 2136 2310 44 138 255 326 451 615 717 750 902 947 1030 1114 1200 1250 1342 1423 1510 1605 1644 1747 1828 1919 2013 2108 2152 2250 2324 30 126 217 238 256 430 603 750 903 37, 37, 38, 38, 38 38, 38, 38, 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 52 57 06 15 25 31 41 44 50 54 06 12 20 23 29 37 41 37 28 21 13 06 57 47 41 35 28 21 19 24 30 37 44 51 59 08 14 23 30 29 27 22 15 09 02 122.52 123.04 123.12 123.21 123.29 123.34 123.41 123.46 123.52 123.51 123.55 123.55 123.57 123.58 123.59 123.59 123.59 124.05 124.04 124.02 124.01 124.01 123.59 123.57 123.52 123.46 123.39 123.36 123.45 123.49 123.54 124.00 124.04 124.06 124.09 124.11 124.13 124.16 124.17 124.21 124.26 124.41 124.36 124.34 124.27 13 13 12 11.8 10 11 12 12 11.9 12.6 12.3 12.3 10.9 11.8 12.4 12 11 11 12.0 10.9 13.1 13.4 12.0 12.5 13.2 12.6 11.2 10.8 12.6 12.4 12.8 14.1 13.8 12 13 14 12 11 11 11 11 5 5 2 1 7 2 1 7 12.8 11.5 11.8 14.1 33.68 33.49 33.54 33.55 33.73 33.68 11.3 13.1 12.7 11.9 11.9 33.72 33.53 12.4 33.58 33.60 33.78 33.66 32.71 33.66 13.0 12.0 32.71 33.70 158 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84212 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84213 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84214 84215 950 1144 1240 1396 1502 1642 1814 1858 1942 2036 2127 2221 2317 14 106 203 256 403 542 638 718 839 930 1011 1219 1432 1755 1933 2111 2238 2336 23 115 211 314 431 600 655 830 1243 1514 1755 1942 2211 0 38.55 38.47 38.41 38.32 38.27 38.19 38.12 38.10 38.17 38.24 38.30 38.38 38.45 38.51 38.59 39.06 39.12 39.18 39.11 39.01 38.55 38.47 38.40 38.33 38.38 38.43 38.57 39.04 39.11 39.06 38.55 38.48 38.40 38.32 38.24 38.13 38.04 37.55 37.43 37.50 37.59 38.07 38.15 38.25 38.33 124.23 124.18 124.13 124.08 124.05 123.58 123.55 124.01 124.06 124.11 124.15 124.20 124.26 124.31 124.36 124.40 124.45 124.49 124.53 124.49 124.41 124.39 124.33 124.27 124.39 124.48 124.55 125.02 125.09 125.21 125.15 125.10 125.04 124.57 124.50 124.42 124.37 124.29 124.35 124.43 124.49 124.55 125.04 125.08 125.16 13 13 13 13 13 33.48 13.4 33.45 13.8 13 14 14.0 13.9 14.0 14.2 14.3 13.1 14.0 12.2 11 12 11 12 13 4 3 3 7 5 13.8 14.0 14 14 14 12 12 12 12.8 14.2 13.8 14.2 14.1 14.2 14.2 14.0 14.6 14.8 14.5 14.5 14.6 14.6 14.5 14.7 33.50 13.6 33.53 33.48 13.3 33.50 33.29 14.2 33.34 15.0 33.44 * Data not available 159 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT (NORTH) LONG (WEST) SURFACE TEMP DD MM DDD MM (DEG C) 91 XBT 84215 109 38 42 125 22 14. 5 92 XBT 84215 218 38 .51 125 29 13. 2 93 CTD 84215 330 38 58 125 34 14. 4 94 XBT 84215 335 38 58 125 34 14. 7 95 XBT 84215 527 38 53 125 41 15. 1 96 CTD 84215 602 38 51 125 46 15. 6 97 XBT 84215 705 38 44 125 42 14. 5 98 XBT 84215 756 38 35 125 36 14. 5 99 XBT 84215 853 38 26 125 29 14. 4 100 XBT 84215 944 38 18 125 22 14. 0 101 XBT 84215 1046 38 09 125 14 14. 4 102 XBT 84215 1118 38 00 125 11 15 1 103 XBT 84215 1243 37 51 125 02 14. 4 104 XBT 84215 1336 37 43 124 57 14 2 105 CTD 84215 1500 37 37 125 .10 14. 2 106 XBT 84215 1519 37 38 125 .11 14. 4 107 XBT 84215 1747 37 46 125 16 14. 6 108 XBT 84215 1855 37 54 125 .21 14 4 109 XBT 84215 2003 38 04 125 .27 14 6 110 CTD 84215 2130 38 14 125 .37 14 5 111 XBT 84216 100 38 20 125 .41 14 8 112 CTD 84216 105 38 20 125 .41 14 7 113 XBT 84216 322 38 31 125 .49 14 8 114 XBT 84216 430 38 39 125 .54 15 4 115 XBT 84216 553 38 .44 126 .01 15 7 116 CTD 84216 700 38 40 126 .15 15 6 117 XBT 84216 725 38 .39 126 .15 15 7 118 XBT 84216 910 38 .30 126 .09 15 8 119 XBT 84216 1013 38 20 126 .02 15 7 120 XBT 84216 1055 38 .14 125 .56 14 9 121 CTD 84216 1244 38 .07 125 .49 14 6 122 XBT 84216 1200 38 .07 125 .49 14 9 123 XBT 84216 1339 37 .58 125 .43 14 8 124 XBT 84216 1435 37 .49 125 .37 14 6 125 XBT 84216 1530 37 .40 125 .31 15 0 126 XBT 84216 1619 37 .32 125 .25 14 3 127 XBT 84216 1730 37 .26 125 .38 15 1 128 CTD 84216 1735 37 .26 125 .38 15 0 129 XBT 84216 1810 37 .26 125 .38 15 4 130 XBT 84216 1900 37 .33 125 .43 15 2 131 XBT 84216 1955 37 .40 125 .49 14 .5 132 XBT 84216 2102 37 .48 125 .54 13 .4 133 XBT 84216 2203 37 .56 126 .02 14 .7 134 XBT 84216 2255 38 .03 126 .07 13 .4 135 XBT 84217 5 38 .12 126 .14 16 .2 SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 32.60 14.6 32.68 32.46 15.4 32.52 32.84 14.4 32.93 33.45 15.0 33.49 33.41 15.0 33.44 32.44 15.7 32.49 33.45 14.7 33.49 33.01 15.5 33.04 160 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT (NORTH) LONG (WEST) SURFACE TEMP DD. .MM DDD. MM (DEG C) 136 XBT 84217 51 38, .19 126. ,18 15.6 137 XBT 84217 147 38 .28 126. ,21 16.1 138 XBT 84217 247 38, .35 126. ,28 15.7 139 XBT 84217 331 38, .40 126. ,35 16.0 140 XBT 84217 417 38 ,44 126. ,41 16.3 141 XBT 84217 431 38, .41 126, ,41 16.2 142 XBT 84217 605 38 .29 126, ,38 16.4 143 CTD 84217 625 38 .28 126, ,39 16.0 144 XBT 84217 843 38, .20 126, ,33 15.6 145 XBT 84217 950 38 .09 126, ,26 15.6 146 XBT 84217 1034 38 .02 126, ,20 15.8 147 XBT 84217 1139 37 .54 126, ,15 14.7 148 XBT 84217 1147 37 .54 126, ,15 14.4 149 CTD 84217 1405 37 .54 126, ,15 14.8 150 XBT 84217 84217 1452 37 .46 126, ,08 13.4 151 XBT 1552 37 .37 126, .01 14.8 152 XBT 84217 1658 37 .28 125, ,55 15.3 153 XBT 84217 1730 37 .21 125, ,49 15.3 154 CTD 84217 1735 37 .21 125, ,51 15.3 155 XBT 84217 1800 37 .21 125, ,51 15.2 156 XBT 84217 2102 37 .10 125, ,41 15.5 157 XBT 84217 2141 37 .14 125, ,34 15.0 158 XBT 84217 2255 37 .19 125, ,21 15.3 159 XBT 84217 2349 37 .23 125, .13 14.8 160 XBT 84218 40 37 .28 125, .05 14.9 161 CTD 84218 45 37 .28 125 .05 14.5 162 XBT 84218 219 37 .33 124 .55 15.0 163 XBT 84218 303 37 .36 124 .47 14.2 164 XBT 84218 409 37 .41 124 ,38 15.0 165 CTD 84218 418 37 .41 124 .38 14.6 166 XBT 84218 531 37 .44 124 .28 14.5 167 XBT 84218 625 37 .48 124 .20 14.4 168 CTD 84218 738 37 .52 124 .13 14.5 169 XBT 84218 746 37 .52 124 .13 14.9 170 XBT 84218 910 37 .46 123 .59 14.2 171 XBT 84218 1002 37 .40 123 .48 13.6 172 XBT 84218 1102 37 .34 123 .37 12.6 173 XBT 84218 1203 37 .28 123 .25 13.3 174 XBT 84218 1302 37 .21 123 .14 13.8 175 XBT 84218 1406 37 .15 123 .02 14.5 176 XBT 84218 1518 37 .08 122 .48 15.3 177 XBT 84218 1602 37 .03 122 .40 14.9 178 XBT 84218 1716 36 .56 122 .26 13.7 179 XBT 84218 1808 36 .50 122 .17 13.2 SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 32.48 16.1 32.52 32.54 15.0 32.63 33.18 15.5 33.22 32.71 14.7 33.31 14.7 * 33.50 14.7 * * Data not available 161 O>o O) U) in o -*— in o <«■ o rO O CN •V O a. O u m o w ai a H 4-1 rH E >i -Q n CD to ai en Cn ai 4-1 [0 o a 3 4-1 a» a 6 OJ 4-1 H CD X in h« 00 (lU) q|d9Q 164 rs m CD u •H o o o O o o o o o o o O o o o o cs ro ^ m to r»» oo (w) Lj|d©Q 165 in 0) u o o o o o o o o o o — CN K) ^ iO (uj) q|d9Q o o to o o o o 00 166 ID 0 U 3 CT ■H (lU) md9Q 167 in U (w) M|d9Q 168 0 100 200 300 £ 400 Q. Q 500 600 700 800 40 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 50 60 70 80 W^^^^^^^"|^^W^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 9 11 14 17 42 44 46 48 50 B Figure 60(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (OPTOMA11, Leg Dili). 169 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 ^ »"w^^^^^"^^^*m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 100 - 200 300 £ 400 Q. a> Q 500 '- 600 - 700 800 81 89 93 96 105 110 1121116 121 128 0 P R Figure 60(b). 170 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 0 20 40 60 u 100 200 - X 300 - .c "q. Q 400 500 - 600 700 i snn ■ 143 149 154 161 165 1 58 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 30 40 50 60 70 o r-T^ 100 - 200 - 300 - £ 400 Q. a> Q 500 - 600 700 800 I I ' 143 149 154 161 165 168 80 Figure 60(c). 171 Q Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 V /^J^~T 500 III if] 1000 / / / \ \ \ 1500 "93 I I 112 116 121 \ ' ' 2000 2500 ■*>nc\n 105 110 14 3 149 154 500 - 1000 - Q. Q 1500 - 2000 - 2500 - 3000 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 Figure 61: CTD casts deeper than 800m. (OPTOMA11, Leg Dili) 172 13 100 - £ 200 Q. a 300 400 79 L 75 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 62(h). 176 N 84 88 100 Distance (km) Figure 62(i) . 92 Q 104 400 100 P 96 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 62(j) 177 -400 50 100 Distance (km) L_ t. 150 Figure 62(k). 400 ■ ' ' 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 62(1). 178 V 129 400 W 133 137 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 62 (m) . X 100 X 200 a. a a 300 - 400 154 150 100 Distance (km) 144 w 140 200 Figure 62(n). 179 X 156 Y 100 •^ 200 - Q. Q 300 400 160 166 100 Distance (km) Figure 62(o) . 178 100 £ 200 "a. a 300 400 174 100 Distance (km) Y 170 200 Figure 62(p). 180 50 48 46 44 F 42 100 Distance (km) 400 100 Distance (km) Figure 63(a): Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma-t from the CTD's. (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili). 181 149 121 110 89 u / / '32.6 "33.4 ' ' 33^ ' --^ 33.4-^ {A . - — "■" / / / / ^__ />- — ■ — 12 ~Io 3 3. "8 100 T "'"/ _ — - ■■ - ^ •** ^^*-^~ 8 , " £ 200 ^S-— Q. Q ^ 30b - 6 Ann Distance (km) (1) 100 149 121 110 89 100 - -C 200 - Q. CD a 300 - 400 ^24.8 25.2 ^/ ^s^ x -^/^~ -^ ~~ 25.6 /^^^ 26.0 ^^"^ 26.4 - 26.8 2) Distance (km) 100 Figure 63(b) . 182 154 100 £ 200 o 300 400 V 128 161 N 165 168 100 Distance (km) 154 128 161 165 168 100 Distance (km) Figure 63(c) . 183 o CM o " (D E tr> 'V 4-> T3 C (0 Q H U c o o o o CM o o o o o o (uj) M|daQ (laj) md©a Eh m X e • 0 ~ U M 14-1 M H CO Q a) H 0 VJ. » Qa t-H 1— I CD < H £ 3 O 4J Eh ro a. u O CD — a E .1) 4-' c S c 0 H 4J ra •H > CD V4 T3 D C D~> 13 •H 4-1 Cu CO 184 (UJ) M|d9Q T3 u m T3 C (0 ■P CO CD x: 4J T3 C •H 3 I XI H T3 Q C fO en CD 4-> ■H » C rH •H rH i— t <: (0 s co O E-" — CU (0 O en - CD Q H U a 4-> c e CO O CD ^ co c o ■H 4J 1! H Cr> > •h CD (lu) qjdaa 185 oa*. .' k< ,x' .V rV, "... V. $> ID K) in to (3 6ap) ejn{DJ9duj8i •»•. • • •• ♦ • •« v"/ ir» to cr> m *-> (q 6ap) ajnpjadLuaj^ ro CL o ■■*— " c X! D o ID CL Q. o ^-^ C r: as — D CM O c 0 H ■P (0 H > 0J • T3 • — . n T3 H ^ M 03 Q T3 c tn 03 0) 4-1 J '/j «. QJ rH x: H 4J gj i o H T> a, C O 03 -^ + • X c -P 5 ■H o :s £ 03 •». c 0 0 03 H ^H +J rn 01 r-\ 1) CD h u rn en 03 1 M H D () c -P rd C j; () E U ^ 4-> Xi 1 — * 01 E ~ rji c H fj 0] 03 Tl M 1) .-i 4-1 rc r i LU u rH CO a 1 01 H _ . 03 03 — - m a H • • U >x> >£) oj x: a) 4J M D e cn 0 ■H M a. 4-1 186 0.5 i 104 x N2 (sec-2) 1.0 1.5 2.0 100- 200- Q. 0) O 300- 400- 500 Figure 67: Mean N^ profile ( standard deviation ( ). the ), with + and ! profile from T(z and STTT is also shown ( ). (0PT0MA11, Leg Dili) 187 Section 7 OPTOMA 11 Leg P 18 July, 1984 188 41N 39N 37N 35N i , Eureka (^ Cape Mend ocino I !>M : ) y^ x x . . .X . . .*. X X X X } Pt. A rena X X : x x X '.* X '. X X X X x x x X X X X X X X x X X X X X X ■^V \{ San ^pjFrancisco X X x X '. > x x x x X ' X X x x X X X X X X X r* Monterey VPt. Sur AXBT : X \-. Morro : >Bay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 69: AXBT locations for OPTOMA11, Leg P, 190 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 70: Station numbers for 0PT0MA11, Leg P. 191 Table 8: Leg P Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURI •A (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM) (DDD.MM) (DEG 1 AXBT 84200 1741 37 52 123 42 14 4 2 AXBT 84200 1748 37 46 124 06 15 0 3 AXBT 84200 1800 37 31 124 31 14 4 4 AXBT 84200 1805 37 17 124 48 15 5 5 AXBT 84200 1814 37 03 125 32 13 9 6 AXBT 84200 1820 36 51 125 56 13 6 7 AXBT 84200 1843 37 39 124 45 14 4 8 AXBT 84200 1851 38 01 124 01 14 4 9 AXBT 84200 1858 38 11 123 56 14 9 10 AXBT 84200 1908 37 57 124 19 14 2 11 AXBT 84200 1913 37 46 124 42 14 3 12 AXBT §4200 1918 37 35 125 04 14 4 13 AXBT 84200 1923 37 26 125 28 14 3 14 AXBT 84200 1927 37 20 125 48 14 2 15 AXBT 84200 1937 37 22 126 00 12 7 16 AXBT 84200 1944 37 33 125 37 12 7 17 AXBT 84200 1956 37 56 124 57 13 0 18 AXBT 84200 2007 38 14 124 13 13 9 19 AXBT 84200 2012 38 34 124 02 13 1 20 AXBT 84200 2019 38 20 124 30 14 1 21 AXBT 84200 2031 38 08 124 51 13 8 22 AXBT 84200 2038 38 00 125 11 13 3 23 AXBT 84200 2048 37 53 125 34 13 2 24 AXBT 84200 2104 37 30 126 16 15 2 25 AXBT 84200 2110 37 41 126 15 15 1 26 AXBT 84200 2116 37 51 125 52 14 9 27 AXBT 84200 2127 38 12 125 08 14 0 28 AXBT 84200 2137 38 30 124 28 13 5 29 AXBT 84200 2140 38 45 124 21 13 1 30 AXBT 84200 2148 38 36 124 42 13 7 31 AXBT 84200 2154 38 26 125 05 13 7 32 AXBT 84200 2159 38 ,16 125 26 13 3 33 AXBT 84200 2204 38 04 125 49 15 5 34 AXBT 84200 2208 37 .54 126 11 15 .5 35 AXBT 84200 2212 37 .45 126 32 13 6 36 AXBT 84200 2220 37 .59 126 26 15 .3 37 AXBT 84200 2226 38 .08 126 .04 15 .4 38 AXBT 84200 2237 38 .29 125 .21 13 .4 39 AXBT 84200 2248 38 .49 124 40 13 .1 40 AXBT 84200 2251 39 .04 124 .32 12 .7 41 AXBT 84200 2304 38 .44 125 .17 12 .9 42 AXBT 84200 2310 38 .32 125 .39 12 .7 43 AXBT 84200 2316 38 .20 126 .01 15 .3 44 AXBT 84200 2321 38 .12 126 .21 15 .4 45 AXBT 84200 2326 38 .02 126 .42 15 .4 192 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) 46 AXBT 84200 2342 38 .25 126 .14 15, .3 47 AXBT 84200 2354 38 .45 125 .31 14, ,9 48 AXBT 84200 2359 38 .56 125 .11 12, ,7 49 AXBT 84200 10 39 .09 124 .47 13, .4 50 AXBT 84200 14 39 .22 124 .45 14, .9 51 AXBT 84200 20 39 .12 125 .07 15, .0 52 AXBT 84200 26 39 .01 125 .28 14, .6 53 AXBT 84200 32 38 .51 125 .53 15, .3 54 AXBT 84200 37 38 .42 126 .14 15, .3 55 AXBT 84200 41 38 .30 126 .30 15, .6 56 AXBT 84200 46 38 .21 126 .55 15, .5 57 AXBT 84200 49 38 .32 126 .44 15, .3 58 AXBT 84200 56 38 .42 126 .24 14, .9 59 AXBT 84200 108 39 .03 125, .46 15, .1 60 AXBT 84200 114 39 .14 125 .22 14, .8 61 AXBT 84200 119 39 .23 125 .01 15, .0 62 AXBT 84200 121 39 .33 124 .49 14 .8 193 a, o o u in 4-1 o (/J a> H 4J iH 3 E > T3 CD CD a' CP (0 ■u W 0 in a 0) Sh a 4J o 100 - 200 300 400 100 Distance (km) 28 200 Figure 72(f) 199 H 400 33 100 Distance (km) Figure 72(g). G 29 200 H 35 400 100 Distance (km) Figure 72(h). 39 200 200 J 400 44 100 Distance (km) 200 40 Figure 72(i) J 45 K 400 100 Distance (km) 49 200 Figure 72 ( j ) 201 400 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 72(k) L 56 M 100 £ 200 Q. o a 300 - 400 60 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 72(1). 202 Temperature (deg C) 5 10 15 100 - J, JZ a> Q 200 - 300 ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 20 Figure 73: Mean temperature profile, with + and standard deviation. (0PT0MA11, Leg P). - the 203 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was sponsored by the ONR Physical Oceanography Program. The success of the fieldwork was strongly dependent on the competent, willing support of the crew of the R/V ACANIA, USNS DE STEIGUER and the P3 Reserve Patrol Wing and Mr. Meredith Sessions. Members of the scientific cruise party were: Leg AI - Prof. C.N.K. Mooers, Chief Scientist, NPS Dr. James Carton, Harvard Dr. Edward Kelley, Jr. , FSU Mr. Paul Wittmann, Co-Party Chief, NPS Ms. Marie Colton, Co-Party Chief, NPS Ms. Arlene Bird, NPS AG3 Judith Kirnon, FNOC Ms. Cindy Halbert, UCSC Leg All - Mr. Leonard Walstad, Chief Scientist, Harvard Mr. Paul Wittmann, Party Chief, NPS Mr. Geoffrey Flyer, NPS Ms. Nadia Pinardi, Harvard Mr. Michael Spahl , Harvard Leg AI 1 1 - Dr. Everett Carter/A. R. Robinson, Chief Scientists, Harvard Mr. Paul Wittmann, Party Chief, NPS Mr. Wayne Leslie, Harvard Ms. Elzbet Diaz de Leon, UCSC Ms. Laura McClelland, UCSC Ms. Tonya Hull, FNOC Leg DI - Mr. Theodore Calhoon, Chief Scientist, NPS Mr. Stephan Lamont, NPS Mr. Rusty Brainard, NOAA Mr. Luke Chung, Harvard Leg DII - Prof. C.N.K. Mooers, Chief Scientist, NPS Ms. Marie Colton, Party Chief, NPS Mr. Luke Chung, Harvard AG3 Mary Robinette, FNOC AG3 Lisa Campbell, FNOC DP2 Marianne Drewett, FNOC Mr. Robert Sylvia, LSU Leg Dili - Ms. Arlene Bird, Chief Scientist, NPS Mr. Paul Wittmann, Party Chief, NPS Mr. James Moore, UCSC Mr. Spencer Yeh, Hopkins Marine Station Mr. Samual Shabb, Hopkins Marine Station Mr. Don Wobber, NPS Leg P - Ms. Marie Colton, NPS Mr. Meredith Sessions, Scripps REFERENCE Lewis, E.L. and R.G. Perkin, 1981: The Practical Salinity Scale 1978: conversion of existing data. Deep Sea Res. 28A, 307-328. 205 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Naval Postgraduate School Department of Oceanography Monterey, CA 93943 Prof. Christopher N.K. Mooers 33 Dr. Michele M. Rienecker Dr. Edward A. Kel ley Ms. Marie C. Colton Mr. Paul A. Wittmann Dr. Mary L. Batteen Dr. Laurence C. Breaker LCDR J. Edward Johnson, USN 2. Harvard University Division of Applied Sciences Pierce Hall, Room 100D Cambridge, MA 02138 Prof. Allan R. Robinson Dr. James A. Carton Dr. Everett F. Carter Mr. Leonard J. Walstad Mr. Wayne G. Leslie Ms. Nadia Pinardi Prof. Myron B. Fiering 3. Office of Naval Research (ONR) 800 N. Quincy St. Arlington, VA 22217 Dr. Thomas W. Spence 1 Dr. Thomas B. Curt in 1 4. College of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 Prof. Robert L. Smith 1 Dr. Adrian Huyer 1 5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) California Institute of Tech. 4800 Oak Grove Road Pasadena, CA 91109 Dr. Denise E. Hagan (Code 183-501) 1 Dr. Mark Abbott (also at Scripps) 1 206 6. Commanding Officer Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC) Monterey, CA 93943 CDR John F. Pfeiffer, USN Mr. R. Michael Clancy Mr. Ken Pollak Ms. Evelyn Hesse LCDR Michael R. Frost, RN 7. Sandia National Laboratories Div. 6334 Albuquerque, NM 97185 Dr. Mel Marietta 1 Dr. Eugene S. Hertel 1 Dr. Stuart L. Kupferman 1 8. Marine Products Branch, W/NMC21 National Meteorological Center National Weather Service, NOAA Washington, D.C. 20233 LCDR Craig S. Nelson, NOAA Corps 1 9. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, CO 80307 Dr. Dale B. Haidvogel 1 10. Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093 Prof. Russ E. Davis 1 Dr. Jerome A. Smith 1 Mr. Phil lip Bogden 1 11. Princeton University Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Program P.O. Box 308 Princeton, NJ 08540 Prof. George L. Mel lor 1 12. Tulane University Department of Mathematics 6823 St. Charles New Orleans, LA 70118 Dr. Robert N. Miller 1 207 13. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Department of Physical Oceanography Woods Hole, MA 02543 Dr. Kenneth H. Brink 1 Dr. Robert C. Beardsley 1 14. Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA) NSTL Station Bay St. Louis, MS 39525 Dr. Steve A. Piacsek 1 Dr. Dana A. Thompson 1 Dr. Harley C. Hurlburt 1 Dr. Alexander Warn-Varnas 1 15. Mathematics Department 121-1984 Mathematics Road University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia CANADA V6T 1Y4 Prof. Lawrence A. Mysak 1 16. Department of Oceanography University of Hawaii 2525 Correa Road Honolulu, HI 96822 Prof. Lorenz Magaard 1 17. NAVOCEANCOMFAC Keflavik Iceland FPO NY 09571 LTJG Diane C. Durban, USN 18. Ocean Circulation Division Atlantic Oceanography Laboratory Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, N.S. Box 1006 CANADA B2Y 4A2 Dr. Motoyoshi Ikeda 19. Precision Marine Meteorologic Nationale 2 Ave. RAPP 75340 Paris CEDEX 07 France Dr. Jacques Saurel 208 20. Div. of Oceanography RSMAS Uni versity of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Dr. Otis Brown 21. Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington 1013 NE 40th Str. Seattle, WA 98105 Dr. Thomas B. Sanford 22. School of Oceanography University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 Dr. Steven C. Riser 23. California Space Institute MS-A021 Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA 92093 Dr. Robert L. Bernstein 24. Marine Sciences Research Center State University of New York Stony Brook, NY 11794 Dr. Dong-Ping Wang 25. Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel , MD 20707 Dr. Jack Caiman 26. Pacific Marine Environmental Lab N0AA Bldg. 3 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 Mr. James R. Hoi brook 1 27. Defense Technical Information Center 2 Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314 28. Dudley Knox Library 2 Code 0142 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY 3 2768 00396452 9