LIBRARY NA MONK J3940 NPS-68-85-012_ NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL // Monterey, California CsH>> HYDROGRAPHIC DAT/ \ FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM *' 0PT0MA12 8-18 October ] 1984 , 0PT0MA13 22 October - 3 November 1984^ 0PT0MA14 3-14 November 1984y OPTOMA13P 27 October 1984. Uf by Paul A.J^ittmann A.'Kelley, Jr. Edward Christopher N.K. Mooers March 1985 ' — ■"■ Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. FEDDOCS BPared for: D 208.14/2 fice of Naval Researcn NPS-68-85-012 vironmental Sciences Directorate (Code 420) lington, VA 22217 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California 93943 Commodore R.H. Shumaker David A. Schrady Superintendent Provost This report is for the research project "Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis" sponsored by the Physical Oceanography Program of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 61153N. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized. /> This report was Prepared by: UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE r REPORT NUMBER NPS 68-85-012 READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. TITLE (end Subtitle) HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM OPTOMA12, OPTOMA13, OPTOMA14 AND OPTOMA13P. 5. TYPE OF REPORT A PERIOD COVERED REPORT FOR OCTOBER 1982 TO MARCH 1985 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHORS PAUL A. WITTMANN, EDWARD A. KELT .FY, JR CHRISTOPHER N.K. MOOERS 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERft) ». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CA 93943 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS 61153N N0001484NR24501 ■ CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH (CODE 420) ARLINGTON, VA 22217 12 REPORT DATE MARCH 1985 '3. NUMBER OF PAGES 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 ADDRESS(7f dllferent Irom Controlling Office) lft6 IS. SECURITY CLASS, (of thle report) UNCLASSIFIED IS*. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE • •• DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thle Report) APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abetract entered In Block 20, II dllferent from Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree elde It neceeeary and Identify by block number) CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY DYNAMIC OCEANOGRAPHY 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reveree elde If neceeemry end Identify by block numbet) The three cruises, OPTOMA12, OPTOMA13, and 0PT0MA14, and one AXBT flight, 0PT0MA13P, were under taken in October and November, 1984. This report presents the hydrographic data, acquired by XBT, AXBT and CTD casts, from the cruises and the flight. DD i JAN*73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE S/N 0102- LF- 014-6601 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Entered) SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whit Dtm Bnffd) SN 0)02- LF- 014-6601 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE0W»»n Dmt* Bnt*t.d) Hydrographic Data from the OPTOMA Program: OPTOMA12 8-18 October, 1984 OPTOMA 13 22 October - 3 November, 1984 OPTOMA 13P 27 October, 1984 OPTOMA 14 3-14 November, 1984 by Paul A. Wittmann Edward A. Kelley, Jr. Christopher N. K. Mooers Chief Scientists: C. N. K. Mooers, E. A. Kelley, Jr. A. A. Bird, M. C. Colton The OPTOMA Program is a joint program of Department of Oceanography Center for Earth and Planetary Physics Naval Postgraduate School Harvard University Monterey, CA 93943. Cambridge, MA 02138. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION DATA ACQUISITION DATA PROCESSING DATA PRESENTATION SECTION 1: 0PT0MA12 SECTION 2: 0PT0MA13 SECTION 3: 0PT0MA14 SECTION 4: OPTOMA13P ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCE INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST PAGE ii iii 2 3 3 4 7 31 61 89 102 102 103 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Caption Page 1. Scientific instruments aboard R/V ACANIA 6 2. 0PT0MA12 Station Listing 11 3. 0PT0MA13 Station Listing 35 4. 0PT0MA14 Station Listing 65 5. 0PT0MA13P Station Listing 93 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Caption Page 1. The NOCAL, CENCAL, and WABC subdomains of 1 the OPTOMA Program. Isobaths are shown in meters. 2. The cruise track for 0PT0MA12. 8 3. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA12. 9 4. Station numbers for 0PT0MA12. 10 5 (a)-(e). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 14 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA12). 6 CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 19 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA12). 7. CTD casts deeper than 500m (0PT0MA12). 20 8 (a)-(j). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 21 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA12). 9. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 27 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA12). 10. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 28 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA12). 11. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 29 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA12). 12. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 30 deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown (••••)• (0PT0MA12). 13. The cruise track for 0PT0MA13. The first excursion 32 of the track is shown as a solid line, the second excursion as a broken line. in Figure No. 14. 15. 16 (a)- Caption Page XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA13. 33 Station numbers for 0PT0MA13. 34 (a)-(f). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 39 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA13). 17 (a)-(b). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 45 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA13). 18 (a)-(s). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 47 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA13). 19 Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 56 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA13). 20. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 57 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA13). 21. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 58 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA13). 22. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 59 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA13). 23. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 60 deviation ( — ). The N? profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown (••••)• (0PT0MA13). 24. The cruise track for 0PT0MA14. 62 25. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA14. 63 26. Station numbers for 0PT0MA14. 64 27 (a)-(g). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 69 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA14). IV Figure No. Caption Page 28 CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 76 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA14). 29 (a)-(n). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 77 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA14). 30. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 84 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA14). 31. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 85 with + and - the standard deviations, from the CTD's (0PT0MA14). 32. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 86 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA14). 33. Mean N2 profile ( ), with + and - the standard 87 deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z) is also shown (••••)• (0PT0MA14). 34. The flight track for 0PT0MA13P. 90 35. AXBT locations for 0PT0MA13P. 91 36. Station numbers for 0PT0MA13P. 92 37 (a)-(c). AXBT temperature profiles, staggered by 94 multiples of 5C (0PT0MA13P). 38 (a)-(h). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 97 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA13P). 39. Mean temperature profile, with + and - the 101 standard deviation. (0PT0MA13P). 49N 47 N 45N 43N 41N 39N 37 N 132W 130W 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 1: The NOCAL, CENCAL and WABC subdomains of the OPTOMA Program. Isobaths shown in meters. 1 INTRODUCTION The OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis) Program, a joint NPS/Harvard program sponsored by ONR, seeks to understand the mesoscale (fronts, eddies, and jets) variability and dynamics of the California Current System and to determine the scientific limits to practical mesoscale ocean forecasting. To help carry out the aims of this project, a series of cruises has been planned in three subdomains, NOCAL, CENCAL, and WABC shown in Figure 1. The three cruises and one AXBT flight were undertaken, during October and November 1984, in the NOAA Ship McARTHUR and a Reserve Patrol Wing P3B aircraft. Hydrographic data were acquired off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California in an area which covered and extended the WABC and NOCAL regions. 0PT0MA12 was carried out from 8 to 18 October and sampled the WABC subdomain, an area approximately 150km square about 150km west of the Straits of Juan de Fuca. An additional transect from the WABC area to Pt. Arena was sampled, as shown in Figure 2. 0PT0MA13 was carried out from 22 October to 3 November, and sampled an area approximately 200km square centered about 190km off the coast between Pt. Reyes and Pt. Arena in the NOCAL domain, with additional transects to and from Monterey, as shown in Figure 13. 0PT0MA14 was carried out from 3 to 14 November, and sampled the Mendocino escarpment area, off the coast of Cape Mendocino, with additional transects from Monterey and to Seattle, as shown in Figure 24. 0PT0MA13P was carried out on 27 October aboard a USNR P3B aircraft, and sampled an area approximately 250km square in the NOpAL area, as shown in Figure 34. On each cruise track, transect extremes are identified by letter in these figures to aid in cross-referencing the data presented in subsequent figures. On each of these cruises, hydrographic stations were occupied at approximately 15 km along the track. For the AXRT flight, the along-track spacing was about 46km. DATA ACQUISITION Data acquired during 0PT0MA12, 0PT0MA13, and 0PT0MA14 include XBT and CTD profiles; whereas data acquired during 0PT0MA13P are AXBT profiles. Bucket surface temperature and water samples for salinity were taken at most CTD stations. These surface values were used for calibration purposes as well as contributions to the data base. The XBT and AXBT data were digitized using a Sippican MK9 unit. All data were recorded, using an HP200 series computer, on data disks and transferred to the IBM 3033 mainframe computer for editing and processing. Station positions aboard ship were determined by Loran C fixes and are claimed to be accurate to within about 0.1 km. A Plessey CTD and Sippican XBT's were employed during 0PT0MA12; a Neil Brown CTD and Sippican XBT's were used during 0PT0MA13 and 0PT0MA14. Their accuracies are stated in Table 1. The bottle surface salinity samples from 0PT0MA12 and 0PT0MA13 were determined onboard by a Plessy salinometer; its accuracy is contained in Table 1. Samples from 0PT0MA14 were determined by a Guildline Model 8400 "Autosal" salinometer with an accuracy of jf0.003ppt. Also during 0PT0MA13, expendable current profiler (XCP) data were acquired, but will not be presented in this report. Station positions for 0PT0MA13P are accurate to within 1 km, temperature values to within 0.2C and depth values to within 2% or 5m (whichever is larger). DATA PROCESSING Data processing, such as estimating depth profiles for the XBT and AXBT temperature profiles based on the descent speed, and conversion of CTD conductivity to salinity using the algorithm given in Lewis and Perkin (1981), was carried out on the IBM 3033 at the Naval Postgraduate School. The data were then edited by removing obvious salinity spikes and eliminating cast failures that were not identified during the cruise. Approximately 100%, 94%, 100% and 81% of casts were retained in the data set of 0PT0MA12, 0PT0MA13, 0PT0MA14 and 0PT0MA13P, respectively. During 0PT0MA12 the conductivity cell appeared to be unstable during the first three CTD stations; only the temperature data from those stations appear in this report. The surface salinities for the next four CTD stations of 0PT0MA12 were too high on average by 2.16 ppt and were adjusted accordingly. No corrections were made to the remaining two CTD's. For the 0PT0MA13 and 14 salinities, no corrections were required. The CTD data were interpolated to 5 m intervals and then up and down casts were averaged. The data have been transferred on digital tape to the National Oceanographic Data Center in Washington, DC. DATA PRESENTATION The cruise track, station locations (with XBT's, CTD's and AXBT's identified) and station numbers are shown in the first three figures of each of the next four sections, which present the data from 0PT0MA12, 0PT0MA13, 0PT0MA14 and 0PT0MA13P respectively. These figures are followed by a listing of the stations, with their coordinates, the date and time at which the station was occupied, and the surface information obtained at the station. Vertical profiles of temperature from the XBT casts are shown in staggered fashion. The location of these profiles may be found by reference to the various maps of the cruise tracks. Transect extremes are identified as nearly as possible. The first profile on each plot is shown with its temperature unchanged; to each subsequent profile an appropriate multiple of 5C has been added. Vertical profiles from the CTD's follow (except Leg P). Profiles of temperature are staggered by 5C and those of salinity by 4 ppt. Isotherms for each transect are shown in the next pages, followed (except for Leg P) by isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t, from the CTO's, when four or more casts were acquired along a transect. Based on instrument accuracy and the vertical temperature gradient, it is estimated that depths of isotherms in the main thermocline are uncertain to +20m. The tick marks identify station positions and, again, the transect extremes are shown on these plots. Sections 1, 2, and 3 include mean profiles of temperature from the XBT's and CTO's. In addition mean profiles of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's are given, as well as a scatter diagram of the T-S pairs and the mean S(T) curve, with the _+ standard deviation envelope; the data presentation concludes with a plot of the mean N^ (Brunt-Vaisala frequency squared) profile, with + the standard deviation. On the sigma-t and N? plots, the appropriate profiles derived from the mean temperature and mean salinity profiles are also shown. Section 4 includes the mean profile of the temperature from the AXBT's. Table 1: Scientific instruments aboard the NOAA Ship McARTHUR Instrument Variable Sensor Accuracy Resolution * Nei 1 Brown CTD Mark II lb pressure temperature conductivity strain gage thermistor electrode cell 1.6 db 0.005 C 0.005 mmho 0.025 db 0.0005 C 0.001 rnmho Sippican BT temperature depth thermistor descent speed 0.2 C greater of and 2% of 4.6 dept* m Plessey CTD pressure temperature conductivity +0.04% of +0.005 C +0.005 mmh depth 0 Plessey salinometer salinity +_0.003ppt employed only during 0PT0MA13 and 0PT0MA14 Section 1 OPTOMA 12 49 N 47 N 45 N 43N 41N 39N 37N 1 H D < G L_ l Portland 1 /Cape Blanco \ lV ( Cape Mendocino ..V ...L.\ Pt. Arena \ \ r^San : NT i^5Francisco : M \ 132W 130W 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 2: The cruise track for OPTOMA12. 49 N 47N 45 N 43N 41N 39N 37N •x :**x X X : x x * X • / ^ 0>«sb • X • x* ' 0x : /Cape Blanco < • ) < 1 x : V x V x • (~ x : \ x ' \ x ! ] x • J x ' > x • / x / x / Xx 1 \Cape Mendocino X '• \ X. X •X : x • X X .A Pt. Arena xx i^-ftFrancisco x ■ n \ x . V^\ X 1 X l vx •■• 0 : x X : > XBT : x CTD : D 132W 130W 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 3: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0I1A12. 10 49N 47 N 45N 43N 41N 39 N 37N 20 • ( NnflAkL ***** si As : \ ^TMSeattle 54 56 56 |78 3.9 iW : 62 63 : 64 :...65 .. | Portland "66 67 68 69 70 71 : 72 : 71 7i : 7 : 7 7 1 : / 5 / 6 / 7 / )% : '/Cape Blanco tl i [ 83 \ %\ '""■■ \ 86 \ 87 ■ ] 88 : / 89 : < 9i : / 92 : / 94: V Cape Mendocino • :99,. too Life ..} Pt. Arena %\ r>San "?i^>5Francisco : 10 132W 130W 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 4: Station numbers for 0PT0MA12. 11 Table 2: OPTOMA12 Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT (NORTH) LONG (WEST) SURFACE SURFA TEMP SALIN (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) 1 XBT 84283 407 48.27 124.48 13.1 2 XBT 84283 511 48.37 124.52 13.1 3 XBT 84283 605 48.28 124.57 13.2 4 XBT 84283 722 48.18 125.03 13.1 5 XBT 84283 812 48.27 125.12 13.0 6 XBT 84283 918 48.36 125.21 12.6 7 XBT 84283 1003 48.43 125.29 11.9 8 XBT 84283 1110 48.32 125.31 13.1 9 XBT 84283 1214 48.22 125.32 13.6 10 XBT 84285 1800 48.12 125.35 12.7 11 XBT 84285 1855 48.20 125.43 12.9 12 XBT 84285 1947 48.29 125.52 13.9 13 XBT 84285 2041 48.36 126.00 13.8 14 XBT 84285 2119 48.45 126.08 13.6 15 XBT 84285 2238 48.54 126.16 13.7 16 XBT 84285 2350 48.43 126.12 14.1 17 XBT 84286 43 48.33 126.07 14.1 18 CTD 84286 125 48.25 126.04 14.1 32.05 19 XBT 84286 235 48.15 126.00 13.3 20 CTD 84286 328 48.05 125.55 13.3 31.93 21 XBT 84286 802 47.55 125.51 12.6 22 XBT 84288 922 47.53 126.05 12.3 23 XBT 84288 1028 47.51 126.15 12.6 24 XBT 84288 1228 47.48 126.33 13.4 25 XBT 84288 1402 47.45 126.47 13.6 26 XBT 84288 1536 47.42 127.01 14.1 27 XBT 84288 1722 47.39 127.17 14.1 28 XBT 84288 1850 47.37 127.31 14.2 29 XBT 84288 2019 47.49 127.36 14.2 30 XBT 84288 2110 47.58 127.39 13.8 31 XBT 84288 2239 48.07 127.43 13.8 32 XBT 84288 2307 48.17 127.47 13.4 33 XBT 84288 2352 48.25 127.50 12.8 34 XBT 84289 101 48.35 127.55 12.9 35 XBT 84289 156 48.29 127.43 13.3 36 XBT 84289 246 48.23 127.31 13.1 37 XBT 84289 334 48.18 127.20 13.4 38 XBT 84289 419 48.12 127.09 13.7 39 XBT 84289 511 48.06 126.57 13.0 40 XBT 84289 610 48.00 126.45 12.0 41 XBT 84289 656 47.54 126.34 11.6 42 XBT 84289 743 47.49 126.22 13.4 43 XBT 84289 831 47.43 126.11 13.8 44 XBT 84289 918 47.37 126.00 13.6 45 CTD 84289 1130 47.27 125.41 14.0 32.08 SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DEG C) (PPT) 32.03 12 STN TYPE YR/DAY 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 55 56 57 58 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 77 78 79 80 85 86 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD 53 XBT 54 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 59 XBT 60 XBT 61 XBT 62 XBT 63 XBT 64 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 75 XBT 76 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 81 XBT 82 XBT 83 XBT 84 XBT XBT XBT 87 XBT 88 XBT 89 90 XBT XBT 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84289 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84290 84291 84291 84291 84291 GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1221 1309 1414 1513 1614 1711 1810 2019 2110 2202 2253 2347 37 131 218 306 357 451 534 622 710 756 840 927 1021 1110 1200 1246 1335 1422 1518 1605 1655 1741 1830 1925 2011 2100 2150 2238 2328 18 106 200 256 47.25 47.23 47.19 47.17 47.14 47.12 47.09 46.59 46.49 46.40 46.30 46.20 46.11 46.00 45.51 45.43 45.32 45.22 45.12 45.02 44.52 44.42 44.33 44.23 44.12 44.03 43.53 43.43 43.33 43.23 43.12 43.03 42.53 42.44 42.35 42.24 42.15 42.05 41.55 41.46 41.36 41.26 41.17 41.06 40.56 125.54 126.06 126.22 126.36 126.51 127.06 127.19 127.16 127.13 127.10 127.07 127.04 127.01 126.58 126.55 126.52 126.48 126.46 126.43 126.40 126.37 126.34 126.31 126.28 126.25 126.22 126.19 126.15 126.13 126.10 126.09 126.06 126.04 126.02 125.59 125.57 125.56 125.54 125.52 125.49 125.47 125.46 125.43 125.41 125.38 13.7 14.1 14.5 14.4 13.9 14.0 14.1 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.8 15.2 14.9 14.7 14.8 15.0 15.1 15.0 14.8 15.0 15.1 15.0 14.3 14 14 14.7 15.3 15 15 15 15 15 15.8 15.6 14.7 15.1 15.1 14.6 14.6 14.0 13.9 14.6 14.1 14.4 14.5 32.10 32.13 13 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 91 XBT 84291 347 40.46 125.35 14.9 92 XBT 84291 439 40.37 125.32 14.9 93 XBT 84291 532 40.27 125.28 14.7 94 XBT 84291 626 40.17 125.25 14.4 95 XBT 84291 715 40.07 125.23 14.7 96 XBT 84291 806 39.58 125.16 15.2 97 XBT 84291 855 39.50 125.09 15.2 98 XBT 84291 952 39.40 125.02 14.9 99 XBT 84291 1047 39.31 124.55 13.2 100 XBT 84291 1139 39.22 124.46 13.3 101 XBT 84291 1235 39.13 124.42 12.8 102 XBT 84291 1331 39.05 124.35 13.0 103 XBT 84291 1425 38.56 124.29 12.6 104 CTD 84291 1600 38.49 124.22 12.6 33.27 * 33.35 105 XBT 84291 1707 38.38 124.15 13.2 106 XBT 84291 1758 38.30 124.08 13.4 107 XBT 84291 1852 38.21 124.01 13.5 108 CTD 84291 1942 38.12 123.54 12.8 33.45 * 33.45 109 XBT 84291 2141 38.04 123.44 14.4 110 XBT 84291 2300 37.56 123.34 14.1 111 XBT 84291 11 37.49 123.25 13.7 112 XBT 84292 125 37.40 123.18 12.6 113 XBT 84292 231 37.32 123.10 12.6 114 XBT 84292 346 37.24 123.03 12.7 115 XBT 84292 501 37.16 122.56 14.1 - Data not available 14 cs O H O m M-J o en > TJ 0) n — — . m 1 v — — .m m m = V_^_^ m V lO \ ^-^^ m . o> •* CJ m 0 400 - e.nn • 45 52 104 108 Figure 6: CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C , and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (OPTOMA 1 2) . 20 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 2000 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 2000 I J Figure 7: CTD casts deeper than 500m (0PT0MA12) 21 c 4 400 0 50 Distance (km) D 7 0 50 Distance (km) E 10 14 u / — - — — - — . ^\ 9 100 *? £ 200 a. a> Q 300 inn 50 Distance (km) 100 Figure 8(a)-(c): Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along the upper horizontal axis show station positions, Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA12) . 22 19 F 15 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 8(d) H 25 G 21 400 * ' ' ' ' ' ' ' i i I 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 8(e) 23 42 38 34 400 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 8(f) 24 H 28 a a> a 100 - 200 300 - 400 32 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 8(g) K 400 49 J 45 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 8(h) 25 ^ *f> - TT7. CO IT) O ID ID CO O m O) ^\ 1 ^ \ ' •u \ \\ ■^-^ » \v a> \ \ ^2 \ \ \ -+— o L. -i • CD x-s e -< ai •H 01 T3 CO T3 C CO ■u CO 0) 4-1 T3 c CO 4= ■u •H o 6C o •H m W T3 C CO >^ *-> •H C U-l O • Cfi CN 0) i — l I-t •H Ij 14-1 o O H H eu O, O c CO Cfi «o CO (p 9ap) ajirpsaaduiaj, CO CO >> co :£ CO CO o C\j CO o CO / * <.* o in CO co o ^^ CO >> CO ^J cO CO o c\i CO o CO B o M 14-1 ». C o ■H •u 03 •H > 0) T3 T3 M cd -a a « •u Cfl 0) -n •u 1 ^-v T3 Csl C i—i 03 j§ + o H ,C eu 4-1 o •H ^-^ s A ^ C o o X •H to U td o rH en (1) rH )-i 03 CO a> 1 M H 03 c CO TO Vj 0) 3 e O 4-J •-^ c Xi o » — * o T3 4J C 1 01 01 e c/i t>0 J-l •H •H CO « d-t: cu CO 4J 1 u H X X 0 V - X " X x • x > x x x : a * X \ x V X X x X X X X X X" * * x * X X x * X X x : x : x ; X X X X a eg a x > X San ncisco XBT : X CTD : O a X r^ Monterey V Pt. Sur 127W 125W 123W 121W Figure 14: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA13. 34 40N 38N 36N 131 130 132 86 32 33 : 31 55 78 8587 3^ 30 84 88 II54 ?5 29 7?9 ••■» "^joMo 2« •|y6-80«2-*' --A4-T04-- 75 81 59 52 ! •9 .o?7 74 60 129 128 61 : 48 37 U6 38 107 47 39 "'P« 133 134 135 : 136| •37 US 138 12773 •a 12!2 «• 40 J24 ,, 45 •63 123I22 41 24 109 33 no 71 70 ■ •« 147 148 149 ,, ^ «... 66 K2D 43 l2& 144 139 141 140 142 143 . .Sf.w .™ iisia 20 19 San Francisco 127W 125W 123W 121W Figure 15: Station numbers for 0PT0MA13. 35 Table 3: 0PT0MA13 Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT 21 XBT 22 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 30 XBT 31 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT 41 CTD 42 XBT 43 CTD 44 XBT 45 CTD 84296 84296 84296 84296 84296 84296 84296 84297 84297 84297 84278 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84298 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84299 84300 84300 84300 GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1724 1816 1919 2030 2127 2224 2322 3 122 2250 115 122 302 415 825 910 1013 1152 1302 1426 1547 1805 1949 2144 2341 201 344 531 702 836 1039 1147 1321 1409 1457 1603 1758 1841 1955 2125 2235 2352 128 305 444 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 44 49 54 59 05 08 15 15 22 36.48 37.02 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 03 12 18 21 24 26 36 44 53 01 12 21 29 37 48 56 05 13 22 31 36 31 22 14 05 38.48 38.41 38.32 38 38 38 38 38 38 24 16 07 03 11 19 122.08 122.19 122.30 122.42 122.53 123.05 123.16 123.16 123.28 122.18 122.48 122.49 123.00 123.23 123.26 123.26 123.24 123.30 123.35 123.41 123.46 123.56 124.02 124.09 124.15 124.23 124.28 124.35 124.42 124.49 124.56 125.00 125.12 125.06 124.59 124.54 124.39 124.33 124.27 124.20 124.13 124.07 124.18 124.24 124.30 12.7 14.4 14.3 14.2 15.0 15.1 14 14 13 14 14 14 15 13 12 14 4 1 6 7 3 4 2 2 7 3 13.8 14.3 13.8 13.1 13 12 13 12 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 13 12.8 12.6 11.9 11.4 12 12 13.8 13.4 14.0 14.0 13.6 33.35 33.27 33.32 33.43 33.18 33.26 33.10 32.98 33.10 13.8 13.9 13.0 12.3 14.0 13.8 13.6 33.21 33.23 33.42 33.45 14.0 33.20 33.26 33.16 32.99 33.13 36 STN TYPE YR/DAY 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 65 66 67 68 69 72 73 76 77 78 79 80 85 86 87 88 89 90 XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD CTD CTD XBT 54 XBT 55 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 63 XBT 64 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 70 XBT 71 XBT XBT XBT 74 CTD 75 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 81 XBT 82 XBT 83 XBT 84 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 84300 84300 84300 84300 84300 84300 84300 84300 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84301 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(E>DD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 628 739 911 1257 1521 1702 1911 2222 122 240 326 410 439 531 622 710 757 847 935 1027 1118 1213 1302 1347 1447 1532 1633 1711 1836 1958 2036 2119 2210 2303 2352 36 115 157 235 322 413 450 527 603 632 38.27 38.37 38.48 38.56 39.03 39.06 38.52 38.56 39.15 39.25 39.16 39.08 39.02 38.52 38.43 38.35 38.26 38.16 38.09 38.01 37.51 37.54 37.56 37.59 38.08 38.15 38.25 38.32 38.42 38.50 38.56 39.03 39.11 39.05 38.58 38.52 38.59 39.07 39.13 39.22 39.27 39.20 39.13 39.07 39.01 124.37 124.45 124.53 124.59 124.50 125.08 125.10 124.59 125.15 125.22 125.25 125.29 125.31 125.25 125.18 125.11 125.05 124.58 124.51 124.43 124.38 124.49 125.01 125.12 125.19 125.25 125.33 125.38 125.47 125.53 125.58 126.04 126.10 126.00 125.50 125.41 125.42 125.45 125.46 125.47 125.37 125.39 125.36 125.33 125.32 13.0 12.2 12.6 12.8 12.5 12.5 13.0 13.0 12.9 14.3 13.6 12 12 13 13 14.2 14.6 14.1 13.1 14.0 14.1 13.9 13.4 13.7 13.8 14.2 14.3 13.9 13.6 13.8 13.1 13.6 13.7 13.8 14.3 13 13 13 13.0 14.6 14.8 14.5 13.4 12.6 12.9 33.24 12.7 33.07 33.11 33.22 12.8 12.8 34.93 33.50 33.07 33.21 33.12 13.8 33.07 37 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84302 84303 84303 84303 84303 84303 84303 84303 84303 84303 84305 84305 84305 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 84306 917 939 955 1010 1026 1039 1052 1106 1118 1130 1602 2005 2102 2155 2252 12 214 338 501 625 810 934 1109 1243 2103 2200 2311 18 126 225 327 443 530 636 740 922 1010 1101 1152 1411 1528 1644 1850 2000 2113 39.13 39.12 39.10 39.09 39.08 39.07 39.07 39.05 39.05 39.04 39.11 39.08 39.03 38.58 38.53 38.47 38.41 38.34 38.28 38.22 38.15 38.09 38.02 37.55 37.55 37.58 38.01 38.04 38.07 38.09 38.12 38.15 38.17 38.20 38.23 38.28 38.31 38.34 38.37 38.41 38.45 38.36 38.19 38.11 38.03 125.25 125.25 125.26 125.26 125.27 125.27 125.28 125.28 125.28 125.29 125.26 125.12 125.00 124.48 124.35 124.23 124.12 124.03 123.53 123.43 123.34 123.24 123.15 123.05 123.13 123.24 123.36 123.48 124.00 124.12 124.24 124.38 124.48 125.00 125.12 125.36 125.47 125.59 126.11 126.35 126.51 126.43 126.31 126.24 126.18 13.7 13.3 13.2 12.9 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.6 13 12 13.0 12.9 13.0 12.5 12 12 12.0 13.5 13.2 12.9 11.8 11.8 11.6 11 13 13.0 12.6 13 13 12 12 13.8 14.2 13.8 13.3 16.5 16.8 16 16 17 17 17 33.03 13.2 33.06 33.34 13.1 33.34 32.73 16.8 17.0 38 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) 136 XBT 84306 2213 37.54 126.11 17.0 137 XBT 84306 2311 37.46 126.05 16.6 138 XBT 84307 10 37.38 125.58 15.9 139 XBT 84307 109 37.29 125.52 16.6 140 XBT 84307 209 37.20 125.45 15.1 141 XBT 84307 309 37.26 125.33 15.3 142 XBT 84307 544 37.15 125.55 15.2 143 XBT 84307 702 37.10 126.07 15.1 144 XBT 84307 956 37.35 125.39 16.0 . 145 XBT 84307 1056 37.45 125.37 15.8 146 XBT 84307 1205 37.56 125.34 14.9 147 XBT 84307 1259 38.04 125.30 13.3 148 XBT 84307 1406 38.04 125.18 13.8 149 XBT 84307 1456 38.04 125.06 14.2 * Data not available 39 o H o i >. -o cu M it) •u w 03 0) •H 14-i o u a. 3 •u 03 H CD D o on10 o o O CN ^5 6C o o o o cs o o o o o o o o CO (ai) qjdaa 41 U CD U o M •H (iu) q|dea 42 0) U 3 O O o o O O O O O O o o CO (ui) qjdaa 43 \D 0) ■H (ill) M|d9Q 44 vO u 3 •H ft, o o o o o o K) O O o o in o o (oi) MidaQ 45 500 Q. O 1000 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 80 1500 30 500 - Staggered Salinity (ppt) 40 50 60 70 0) Q 1000 1500 B 80 H \ '\ \ I 3 < > 1 5 1 4 17 39 41 43 45 48 Figure 17(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (OPTOMA 13) . 46 500 - Q. Q 1000 - Staggered Temperature (deg C) 20 40 60 80 1500 30 40 500 a. a> Q 1000 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 50 60 70 80 1500 \ 1 30 • 50 51 52 74 101 106 Figure 17(b) 47 A 1 B 100 - -C 200 - Q. o 300 - 400 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 18(a): Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA13) . 48 B 17 400 21 25 29 100 200 Distance (km) Figure 18(b) 300 400 100 Distance (km) Figure 18(c) 200 49 F 43 300 400 47 i l 50 100 Distance (km) Figure 18(d) -c 200 - Q. Q 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 18(e) 50 G 53 400 K 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(f) L 59 100 £ 200 a. O 300 400 K 55 N 0 50 Distance (km) 300 - 400 M 66 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(g) Figure 18(h) 51 400 0 78 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(i) P 81 400 Q 85 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(j) L 90 R 86 L S 90 9498 100 - -C 200 - a. a> O 300 - 400 V. ^'„ r~ ~---^ ^^-s^ 11 - "~^\ 9 \ V-- — ^\ 7 \ , ■ i 100 - £ 200 Q. Q 300 - 400 50 Distance (km) 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(k) Figure 18(1) 52 o •<- CrtS J o o K) 00 u 3 •H (oj) mdea 53 co 52 CM CM CM Z>2 00 u D M •H ft. (uj) mdaa 54 N 69 73 0 77 300 - 400 »— 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 18(o) 400 50 100 Distance (km) 150 Figure 18(p) 55 W 400 V 141 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(q) 100 X 144 u ^ 15 ^ZT^^^11 100 ^^^^9 T =^- £ 200 "o. a> Q < 300 ^^\? Ann 50 Distance (km) 100 Y 147 400 0 50 Distance (km) Figure 18(r) Figure 18(s) 56 F 43 45 48 50 51 u SZZQ r i ~~T I (1) —^12 100 - T - ~~ 8 £ 200 "a. Q> Q 300 ^nn "\ 100 Distance (km) 43 45 48 50 51 400 0 100 Distance (km) Figure 19: Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA13) . 57 (uj) qjdea TO -a C r3 cu ID C TO + 43 O H U -a c H X E o >- y-i w cu .-1 •H U-j O u a 0) S-i D 4-1 Cfl i-1 •-H 01 fK 13 (lu) mdaa 58 CM E" in CM s ^^**^ ^ ** ' ./'^ "* ** / / * -* ** / / ■ "" / / _ ^y/ 1 "^0-^*^ 1 / s 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 o o o CM O O o o o o m (ui) q|d8Q 03 c o •H t-> CO •H > 0) XI •a u CO c CO 0) 4= c CO CO c CO 4-1 CO ro -i u< U-l (uj) q|d9Q 59 ^ 10 CO o> id CO (3 Sap) ajn^Baaduia^ / . iO CO £ o M 14-1 •> o c ** o •r-( CO 4J Cfl ^— ^ ■H -t-> > CU 01 a T3 o X) co £■> x CO S s- CO TJ C c ■ — t 4-1 co Cfl 73 dJ j3 o 4-1 C\J CO 1 • /~\ T3 CO C -H co co ^» ct •H Cfl CO X ^ co a tj Ch ai ■^H C/l 4J i—^ 1 O cO H ai 00 i-i /-s cu o co en cvi CO .. • CN Cfl CN - Q 0) H >-i a o 3 GC (!) — H •H X. CO fjU 4-1 o co a. IT) co (3 §9p) ajrrpsjadiuaj, 60 0.0 104 x N2 (sec-2) 1.0 2.0 3.0 100 200- "o. O 300- 400- 500 Figure 23: Mean N profile( deviation( ) . The N' shown( ) (0PT0MA13). — ) , with + and - the standard profile from T(z) and S(z) is also 61 Section 3 OPTOMA 14 62 49N 47N 45 N 43N 41N 39N 37N 132W 130W 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 24: The cruise track for 0PT0MA14 63 49N 47 N 45N 43N 41N 39N 37N < X X "r^A • X * X ) X X X X X ( X X X X > X X X X / X X X X X X > *xx x x- •x**:xxxx- x xx x xx >?x x D x x n x < Xxv kXXXX ■xxv ( xxx* /Cape Blanco :*x (Cape Mendocino : \ . x* •} Pt. Arena xx : \ X \ xx \ •x* \ : xx ) r^San *> XBT : > CTD : D ^>5Francisco 132W 130W 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 25: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA14. 64 49N 47 N 45 N 43N 41N 39N 37N 132W 130W 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 26: Station numbers for 0PT0MA14 65 Table 4: OPTOMA 14 Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 38 39 40 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 12 XBT 13 XBT 14 XBT 15 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 34 XBT 35 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT 41 XBT 42 CTD 43 44 45 XBT CTD XBT 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84309 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 84310 439 534 635 730 826 917 1009 1102 1156 1247 1344 1436 1530 1622 1719 1819 1916 2011 2108 2158 2255 2347 37 127 235 327 426 518 614 706 800 848 938 1022 1114 1202 1303 1406 1502 1600 1658 1724 1838 1952 2114 38.03 38.08 38.13 38.18 38.24 38.29 38.34 38.40 38.44 38.49 38.55 39.01 39.06 39.11 39.17 39.23 39.28 39.33 39.39 39.44 39.50 39.55 40.01 40.04 40.06 40.06 40.07 40.10 40.11 40.13 40.13 40.15 40.16 40.18 40.19 40.20 40.21 40.23 40.24 40.26 40.26 40.26 40.26 40.26 40.24 123.10 123.21 123.32 123.43 123.54 124.04 124.15 124.26 124.38 124.49 125.01 125.12 125.23 125.35 125.45 125.56 126.06 126.17 126.29 126.39 126.51 127.02 127.13 127.21 127.07 126.54 126.40 126.27 126.13 126.00 125.46 125.33 125.20 125.08 124.54 124.42 124.56 125.10 125.24 125.38 125.52 125.52 126.05 126.18 126.31 12.2 11.8 12.5 13.2 13.2 13.1 12 12 12 14 14.3 13 12 12 13 13 13 14 15.0 15.4 14.5 15.4 15.8 16.0 15.8 14.5 14.9 15.2 15 15 15 15 1 3 2 3 14.6 14.2 13.6 12.4 13.5 14.1 14.6 14.9 14.5 14.5 14.7 14.7 15.2 32.14 32.22 32.23 33.22 66 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 46 XBT 84310 2208 40.23 126.45 15.2 47 CTD 84310 2319 40.22 126.58 15.4 32.42 * 33.42 48 XBT 84311 31 40.21 127.12 15.3 49 XBT 84311 131 40.20 127.24 15.4 50 XBT 84311 247 40.20 127.37 15.7 51 XBT 84311 326 40.26 127.33 15.7 52 XBT 84311 355 40.31 127.29 15.4 53 XBT 84311 540 40.32 127.03 15.2 54 XBT 84311 602 40.34 126.56 15.6 55 XBT 84311 701 40.35 126.40 14.9 56 XBT 84311 801 40.37 126.24 14.8 57 XBT 84311 846 40.36 126.12 14.6 58 XBT 84311 934 40.36 125.59 14.6 59 XBT 84311 1022 40.37 125.46 14.5 60 XBT 84311 1114 40.38 125.33 14.3 61 XBT 84311 1210 40.38 125.20 13.8 62 XBT 84311 1301 40.39 125.07 13.5 63 XBT 84311 1411 40.43 125.21 13.4 64 XBT 84311 1505 40.45 125.34 13.8 65 XBT 84311 1559 40.46 125.47 13.7 66 XBT 84311 1676 40.48 126.00 13.6 67 XBT 84311 1803 40.50 126.13 13.3 68 XBT 84311 1905 40.51 126.26 13.8 69 XBT 84311 2011 40.53 126.39 14.1 70 XBT 84311 2121 40.55 126.52 14.1 71 XBT 84311 2236 40.57 127.05 14.6 72 XBT 84311 2358 40.58 127.19 14.7 73 XBT 84312 110 41.00 127.31 14.8 74 XBT 84312 202 41.03 127.19 15.1 75 XBT 84312 252 41.06 127.06 14.7 76 XBT 84312 350 41.11 126.52 14.2 77 XBT 84312 440 41.14 126.40 13.6 78 XBT 84312 522 41.17 126.29 13.2 79 XBT 84312 623 41.20 126.43 13.5 80 XBT 84312 711 41.24 126.54 13.2 81 XBT 84312 806 41.27 127.08 13.7 82 XBT 84312 852 41.30 127.20 14.3 83 XBT 84312 955 41.35 127.08 13.7 84 XBT 84312 1043 41.38 126.56 13.2 85 XBT 84312 1139 41.43 126.43 13.3 86 XBT 84312 1230 41.47 126.55 13.2 87 XBT 84312 1318 41.49 127.07 13.6 88 XBT 84312 1414 41.52 127.21 13.7 89 XBT 84312 1510 41.56 127.33 13.9 90 XBT 84312 1608 42.00 127.46 14.4 67 TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) XBT 84312 1707 42, ,02 127, ,32 14. 0 XBT 84312 1758 42, ,05 127, ,18 14. 0 XBT 84312 1844 42, ,07 127, ,06 13. 8 XBT 84312 1944 42, ,14 127, ,16 14. 0 XBT 84312 2041 42, ,21 127, ,26 13. 9 XBT 84312 2138 42, ,29 127, ,35 13. 8 XBT 84312 2233 42, ,36 127, ,46 13. 9 XBT 84312 2327 42, ,43 127, ,56 14. 1 XBT 84313 19 42, ,50 128, ,07 14. 1 XBT 84313 109 42, ,58 128, .14 13. 7 XBT 84313 201 43, ,05 128, ,23 13. 8 XBT 84313 253 43, ,13 128, .32 14. 1 XBT 84313 347 43, ,20 128, ,43 13. 6 XBT 84313 438 43, ,27 128, ,54 13, 5 XBT 84313 542 43, .35 129, .03 13. 5 XBT 84313 646 43, ,43 129, .12 13, 3 XBT 84313 750 43, ,49 129, ,21 13, ,2 XBT 84313 856 43, ,57 129, .31 13. ,2 XBT 84313 1007 44, ,04 129, ,41 13, ,1 XBT 84313 1114 44, ,12 129, .51 12, ,9 XBT 84313 1222 44, ,18 130, .00 12, ,9 XBT 84313 1328 44, ,26 130 .09 12, ,6 XBT 84313 1439 44, ,33 130, .18 12, .6 XBT 84313 2005 44, ,39 130, .26 12, ,5 XBT 84313 2100 44, ,46 130, .16 12, ,7 XBT 84313 2200 44, ,52 130 .06 12, ,5 XBT 84313 2300 45, ,02 129 .53 12, ,2 XBT 84313 2341 45, ,07 129, .45 12, ,3 XBT 84314 31 45, ,12 129 .35 12, ,4 XBT 84314 121 45, ,20 129 .23 12, .3 XBT 84314 201 45, ,26 129 .15 12 ,8 XBT 84314 250 45, .32 129 .05 12 ,9 XBT 84314 340 45, ,39 128 .55 13, .2 XBT 84314 427 45, ,45 128 .45 12 .8 XBT 84314 517 45, ,52 128 .34 12 .7 XBT 84314 603 45 ,58 128 .23 12 ,6 XBT 84314 652 46 ,04 128 .14 12 .7 XBT 84314 742 46 .12 128 .04 12 .4 XBT 84314 831 46 .18 127 .54 12 .3 XBT 84314 918 46 .24 127 .44 12 .4 XBT 84314 1009 46 .31 127 .33 12 .2 XBT 84314 1059 46 .38 127 .24 12 .3 XBT 84314 1146 46 .44 127 .14 12 .3 XBT 84314 1228 46 .51 127 .03 12 .1 XBT 84314 1322 46 .57 126 .53 11 .9 68 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG c) 136 XBT 84314 1402 47.03 126.43 11.9 137 XBT 84314 1448 47.09 126.33 11.9 138 XBT 84314 1536 47.16 126.22 11.6 139 XBT 84314 1627 47.23 126.12 11.1 140 XBT 84314 1713 47.29 126.02 11.6 141 XBT 84314 1800 47.35 125.52 11.7 142 XBT 84314 1835 47.39 125.48 11.6 143 XBT 84314 1919 47.36 125.59 11.6 144 XBT 84314 2011 47.37 126.13 11.2 145 XBT 84314 2105 47.37 126.28 11.5 146 XBT 84314 2157 47.35 126.43 11.1 147 XBT 84314 2255 47.40 126.30 11.3 148 XBT 84314 2350 47.45 126.17 11.6 149 XBT 84315 41 47.49 126.05 10.4 150 XBT 84315 139 47.54 125.51 10.5 151 XBT 84315 235 48.00 125.39 10.8 152 XBT 84315 328 48.05 125.27 11.1 153 XBT 84315 422 48.12 125.15 11.3 * Data not available 69 o H o u LA en 0) lH CL •H 4J l-H i c 03 «J 03 O )-< u 4-1 0) i- cu 4-1 H 0) •H (ui) MldsQ 70 Q O CM 0) u 3 GQ O O O O O O O O o o o o (iu) q|d9Q 71 UJ CM 0) P oc •H (lu) qjdaQ 72 0) 3 M) •H o O O O O O O K> O O o o o o to (uj) Mjdaa 73 o in o o o o o o U) '"— (V -o o i_ D -»—. o o l. oo d) Q. E o ,<*> r-- \ ^ ~v^ ™" — ... .,_ '•J — __ \, " <-> *-~^^_^^ — ———___ o> v^^ " — — oo o __ r-* ~v__ v o " — — ~ __ ■* \_ — _^______ K> v^^ o _ v^___^^ _ ^ " o \ ~v^ - o ^v * — ~~ O) _ V ** ,_ Art a> \^_ o> - \—N_^ O) \. — m o> — ^"^"-^ <7> — . <7> .... 1 .... 1 cs u •H o o o o (N O O O O o o u-> o o CD (iu) q+daa 74 o CM u a •H fa o o o o O O O O (lu) q|d9Q o o o o 75 U 3 bC (ui) t||daa 76 Staggered Temperature (deg C) 500 "5. Q 1000 - 1500 Staggered Salinity (ppt) 500 -C Q 1000 - 1500 Figure 28: CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt. (OPTOMA 14) . 77 <- 3 •n ►o -i O o (1) v—/ "* along the at ion numb o shallow o CO 4-1 O o ,*! CO 4-> K> u CO cu CO It E E co O 3 ^! CO .* O 4-1 ^— ' ' •H CO a> E-i • co o o o c o 03 O c • O 01 CO -H JZ J >H o Q ack isothe tation pos re used if o o Figure 29(a): Along-tr horizontal axis show s given. Dashed lines a 78 B 24 100 200 - 300 400 28 32 100 Distance (km) Figure 29(b) 200 C 36 D 50 Q. a 100 200 300 400 45 — ^— , i i i 100 40 Distance (km) Figure 29(c) ^^— ^—__<_>____tai 200 C 36 79 D 50 100 -f= 200 - a. Q 300 - 400 (D O 100 200 300 400 54 58 E 62 100 70 Distance (km) Figure 29(d) 66 200 E 62 100 200 Distance (km) Figure 29(e) 80 F 73 77 H 82 G 78 100 -C 200 - Q. •H CD P- -o (uj) q^daa 85 ■ «r**^^*^sr*** / / ' 1 / ' '/< '/ ' - ' /' 1 // 1 /' 1 ' ■ J / ■ — , 1 , 1 _ 1 , 1 , o o o o O o O o c c m (lu) q|d9Q •H > 01 U C n3 T3 C m + 4J 5 4-1 I M •H Cfl o o o o o o (ui) M^daQ o o o c T3 c . >, ■u •H C to QJ ^H ■H • 14-1 , — s o , , •* Q. c n CL •h o **— ' 4-1 • ^ *""*» n fO >«. ^3 •H ►o ^r w > c o C CN CO Kl u (fl O) if) K) (q 6ap) ajn|DJ9dujaj_ + O c **-* o •H c u 3 03 o rH .c O cn u o cn cn 1 t-H H m C X X .. ) Pt. Ai •ena X X X x x X X * X X X X x X X X X X X ^^JFrancisco X X X X X X X X X " " x" * X X X X /-' Monterey V Pt. Sur AXBT : X \-, Morro : tBay 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 35: AXBT locations for 0PT0MA13P 92 41N 39N 37N 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 120W Figure 36: Station numbers for 0PT0MA13P 93 Table 5: OPTOMA13P Station Listi ng STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURI ■Al (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM(DDD.MM)(DEG ( 1 AXBT 84301 1847 37. ,52 123. 42 14. 1 2 AXBT 84301 1900 37. ,30 124. 26 14. 4 3 AXBT 84301 1749 37. ,12 125. 10 15. 7 4 AXBT 84301 1755 37, 02 125. 32 15. 4 5 AXBT 84301 1800 36. ,52 125. 52 15. 6 6 AXBT 84301 1808 37. ,09 125. 52 15. 2 7 AXBT 84301 1814 37. ,19 125. ,31 15. 5 8 AXBT 84301 1824 37, ,39 124. ,47 14. 2 9 AXBT 84301 1836 38, ,01 124. 02 14. 4 10 AXBT 84301 1924 38, ,18 124, ,02 13. 1 11 AXBT 84301 1944 38, ,07 124. ,25 14. 3 12 AXBT 84301 1955 37, ,58 124. ,46 14. ,2 13 AXBT 84301 2014 37, ,38 125. ,30 16. 7 14 AXBT 84301 2027 37, ,27 125. ,51 15. ,6 15 AXBT 84301 2033 37, ,17 126, ,12 15, 9 16 AXBT 84301 2050 37, .36 126, ,12 15, ,4 17 AXBT 84301 2100 37, ,46 125, ,50 16, ,1 18 AXBT 84301 2107 38, ,06 125, ,07 14, ,0 19 AXBT 84301 2122 38, ,27 124, ,22 13, ,1 20 AXBT 84301 2132 38 ,45 124, ,20 12, ,1 21 AXBT 84301 2138 38, ,35 124, ,42 13, ,0 22 AXBT 84301 2146 38 ,25 125, ,05 15, ,0 23 AXBT 84301 2152 38, ,15 125, .26 14, .3 24 AXBT 84301 2200 38 ,05 125, .49 14 ,4 25 AXBT 84301 2205 37 .54 126, .10 16, .7 26 AXBT 84301 2213 37 .43 126, .31 16, .4 27 AXBT 84301 2221 38 .02 126 .30 17 ,6 28 AXBT 84301 2230 38 .12 126 .08 16 .4 29 AXBT 84301 2241 38 .32 125 .24 14 .8 30 AXBT 84301 2250 38 .43 125 .03 14 .5 31 AXBT 84301 2255 38 .53 124 .41 12 .8 32 AXBT 84301 2302 39 .11 124 .40 13 .1 33 AXBT 84301 2319 39 .01 125 .02 13 .5 34 AXBT 84301 2325 38 .51 125 .24 14 .4 35 AXBT 84301 2333 38 .40 125 .46 14 .1 36 AXBT 84301 2341 38 .30 126 .08 16 .9 37 AXBT 84301 2347 38 .20 126 .30 17 .8 38 AXBT 84301 2352 38 .09 126 .51 17 .8 39 AXBT 84301 2358 38 .27 126 .50 17 .8 40 AXBT 84302 5 38 .37 126 .28 17 .8 41 AXBT 84302 23 39 .07 125 .22 13 .4 42 AXBT 84302 29 39 .19 125 .00 12 .9 c) 94 "D o Q) m u. U) O o > Tf CO o K) O H O a >^ <1) Q) 00 60 CO •u CO o u a 0) u 3 4-1 CO 0) e a; 4J H PQ m CD 3 00 (ai) q+daa 95 o CM O o o <7> O o 00 CD CD O S.g .0) u o ^v^^ — •>* K) .... to ' ■ ^"*"*N. CM K) tO ^^■^ O \^-X,. : ' \ ^W CM :~v^— — 00 CM CM • CM = ■""" — —If) CM ~~ — a N-» CM ^"^ 1 CM CM CM ■ ■ O CM iii i 1- i i i i 1 i i i 1 o m cu u 3 M •H o o o o CN O O o o (LU) q|d9Q 96 (lu) qjdaa 97 B 5 400 100 Distance (km) 200 B 5 100 - X 200 - Q. a 300 - 400 100 Distance (km) 200 Figure 38 (a) -(b): Along- track isotherms. Tick marks along the upper hori- zontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA13P) . 98 100 -C 200 - a 300 - 400 14 100 Distance (km) Figure 38(c) c 10 200 D 15 400 100 19 200 Distance (km) Figure 38(d) 99 400 24 100 Distance (km) Figure 38(e) 200 E 20 F 26 400 100 30 200 Distance (km) Figure 38(f) 100 H 400 H 38 400 36 G 32 100 Distance (km) Figure 38(g) 100 Distance (km) 200 42 200 Figure 38(h) 101 100 - 0) Q 200 - Temperature (deg C) 5 10 15 300 Figure 39: Mean temperature profile, with + and - the standard deviation (0PT0MA13P) . 102 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was sponsored by the ONR Physical Oceanography Program. The success of the fieldwork was strongly dependent on the competent, willing support of the crew of the NOAA Ship McARTHUR and the P3 Reserve Patrol Wing aircraft. The National Ocean Service, NOAA is thanked for making the NOAA ship McARTHUR available for cooperative PMEL and NPS ocean circulation and mesoscale prediction studies of the Pacific Coast EEZ. Members of the scientific cruise party were: 0PT0MA12 - Prof. C.N.K. Mooers, Chief Scientist, NPS Mr. Paul Wittmann, Assistant Chief Scientist, NPS Ms. Elzbet Diaz de Leon, Assistant Chief Scientist, UCSC 0PT0MA13 - Dr. Edward Kelley, Jr., Chief Scientist, NPS Dr. Robert Loch, NPS Mr. Eric Kunze, Applied Physics Laboratory Mr. Arthur Bartlett, Applied Physics Laboratory 0PT0MA14 - Ms. Arlene Bird, Chief Scientist, NPS Mr. Donald Martens, Party Chief, NPS 0PT0MA13P - Ms. Marie Colton, NPS LT Mark Johnson, USN REFERENCE Lewis, E.L. and R.G. Perkin, 1981: The Practical Salinity Scale 1978: conversion of existing data. Deep Sea Res. 28A, 307-328. 103 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Java! Postgraduate School Department of Oceanography Monterey, CA 93943 Prof. Christopher N.K. Mooers 33 Dr. Michele M. Rienecker Dr. Edward A. Kelley Ms. Marie C. Colton Mr. Paul A. Wittmann Dr. Mary L. Batteen Dr. Laurence C. Breaker LCDR J. Edward Johnson, USN 2. Harvard University Division of Applied Sciences Pierce Hall , Room 100D Cambridge, MA 02138 Prof. Allan R. Robinson Dr. James A. Carton Dr. Everett F. Carter Mr. Leonard J. Walstad Mr. Wayne G. Leslie Ms. Nadia Pinardi Prof. Myron B. Fiering 3. Office of Naval Research (ONR) 800 N. Quincy St. Arlington, VA 22217 Dr. Thomas W. Spence 1 Dr. Thomas B. Curt in 1 4. College of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 Prof. Robert L. Smith 1 Dr. Adrian Huyer 1 5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) California Institute of Tech. 4800 Oak Grove Road Pasadena, CA 91109 Dr. Denise E. Hagan (Code 183-501) 1 Dr. Mark Abbott (also at Scripps) 1 104 6. Commanding Officer Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC) Monterey, CA 93943 CDR John F. Pfeiffer, USN 1 Mr. R. Michael Clancy 1 Mr. Ken Pollak 1 Ms. Evelyn Hesse 1 LCDR Michael R. Frost, RN 1 7. Sandia National Laboratories Div. 6334 Albuquerque, NM 97185 Dr. Mel Marietta 1 Dr. Eugene S. Hertel 1 Dr. Stuart L. Kupferman 1 8. Marine Products Branch, W/NMC21 National Meteorological Center National Weather Service, NOAA Washington, D.C. 20233 LCDR Craig S. Nelson, NOAA Corps 1 9. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, CO 80307 Dr. Dale B. Haidvogel 1 10. Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093 Prof. Russ E. Davis 1 Dr. Jerome A. Smith 1 Mr. Phillip Bogden 1 11. Princeton University Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Program P.O. Box 308 Princeton, NJ 08540 Prof. George L. Mel lor 1 12. Tulane University Department of Mathematics 6823 St. Charles New Orleans, LA 70118 Dr. Robert N. Miller 1 105 13. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Department of Physical Oceanography Woods Hole, MA 02543 Dr. Kenneth H. Brink 1 Dr. Robert C. Beardsley 1 14. Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA) NSTL Station Bay St. Louis, MS 39525 Dr. Steve A. Piacsek 1 Dr. Dana A. Thompson 1 Dr. Harley C. Hurlburt 1 Dr. Alexander Warn-Varnas 1 15. Mathematics Department 121-1984 Mathematics Road University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia CANADA V6T 1Y4 Prof. Lawrence A. Mysak 1 16. Department of Oceanography University of Hawaii 2525 Correa Road Honolulu, HI 96822 Prof. Lorenz Magaard 1 17. NAVOCEANCOMFAC Keflavik Iceland FPO NY 09571 LTJG Diane C. Durban, USN 18. Ocean Circulation Division Atlantic Oceanography Laboratory Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, N.S. Box 1006 CANADA B2Y 4A2 Dr. Motoyoshi Ikeda 19. Precision Marine Meteorologic Nationale 2 Ave. RAPP 75340 Paris CEDEX 07 France Dr. Jacques Saurel 106 20. Div. of Oceanography RSMAS University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Dr. Otis Brown 21. Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington 1013 NE 40th Str. Seattle, WA 98105 Dr. Thomas B. Sanford 22. School of Oceanography University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 Dr. Steven C. Riser 23. California Space Institute MS-A021 Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA 92093 Dr. Robert L. Bernstein 24. Marine Sciences Research Center State University of New York Stony Brook, NY 11794 Dr. Dong-Ping Wang 25. Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel, MD 20707 Dr. Jack Caiman 26. Pacific Marine Environmental Lab N0AA Bldg. 3 7600 Sand Point Way, NE Seattle, WA 98115 Mr. James R. Hoi brook 1 27. Defense Technical Information Center 2 Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314 28. Dudley Knox Library 2 Code 0142 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey. CA 93943 DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY 3 2768 00396459 4 ,*.:***