LIBRARY

L POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93940

NPS -68-85-016

/(

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

Monterey, California

oe-f ■

HYDROGRAPHIC DATA F&W THElipTOMA PROGRAM^ *" f)PT0MA15,

24 JANUARY - 23 FEBRUARY 1985 *

by

Paul A, Wittmann

Edward A. Kelley, Jr.

Christopher N.K. Mooers

April 1985

FEDDOCS D 208.14/2

MPq-Rfi_pq-niR

111 w ww \j s vlv

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited,

Prepared for:

Office of Naval Research

Environmental Sciences Directorate (Code 420)

Arlington, VA 22217

DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY

ALPOST DUATESCHOOI NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

EREY

Monterey, California 93943

Commodore R.H. Shumaker David A. Schrady

Superintendent Provost

This report is for the research project "Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis" sponsored by the Physical Oceanography Program of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 61153N. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized.

This report was Prepared by:

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2. GOVT ACCESSION NO

3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

4. TITLE (and Subtitle)

Hydrographic Data From Trie OPTOMA Program,

OPTOMA15

24 Jan to 23 Feb 1985

5 TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVEREO

teport for October 1982 to April 1985

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHORr*;

Paul A. Wittmann, Edward A. Kelley, Jr., Christopher N.K. Mooers

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*.)

t. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT PROJECT, TASK AREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS

61153W N0001484WR24501

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

Office of Naval Research Code 420 Arlington, VA 22217

'2. REPORT OATE

April 1985

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105

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

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IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

IB. KEY WORDS (Contlnua on reveree elde It nocoeemry and Identity by block number)

California Current System Physical Oceanography Dynamic Oceanography

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on ravaraa aide ft nacaaaary and Identity by block number)

The two cruises, Leg DI and DII, and one AXBT flight Leg P were undertaken in January and February 1985. This report presents the hydrographic data acquired by XBT, AXBT and CTD casts, from the cruises and the flight.

W) i j°N 7J 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV «S IS OBSOLETE

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Hydrographic Data from the OPTOMA Program.

OPTOMA15

24 January - 23 February, 1985

by

Paul A. Wittmann

Edward A. Kelley, Jr.

Christopher N. K. Mooers

Chief Scientists: E. A. Kelley, Jr.,M. C. Cotton

The OPTOMA Program is a joint program of

Department of Oceanography Center for Earth and Planetary Physics

Naval Postgraduate School Harvard University

Monterey, CA 93943. Cambridge, MA 02138.

DUDLEY KNOX NAVAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

INTRODUCTION

DATA ACQUISITION

DATA PROCESSING

DATA PRESENTATION

SECTION 1: LEG DI

SECTION 2: LEG P

SECTION 3: LEG DII

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCE

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST

PAGE

ii

iii

2

2

3

4

7

47

61

101

101

102

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Caption Page

1. Scientific instruments aboard USNS DE STEIGUER 6

2. Leg DI Station Listing 11

3. Leg Leg P Station Listing 51

4. Leg DII Station Listing 65

n

LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Caption Page

1. The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA 1 Program. Isobaths are shown in meters.

2. The cruise track for 0PT0MA15, Leg DI. 8

3. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA15, Leg DI. 9

4. Station numbers for 0PT0MA15, Leg DI. 10

5 (a)-(k). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 16

multiples of 5C (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

6 (a)-(c). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 27

multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles

staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

7. (a)-(b). Casts deeper than 800m (0PT0MA15, Leg DI). 30

8. Casts deeper than 1600m (0PT0MA15, Leg DI). 32

9 (a)-(l). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 33

the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

10 (a)-(c). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 39

(2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

11. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 42 (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

12. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 43 with + and - the standard deviations, from

the CTD's (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

13. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 44 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's.

Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

14. Mean N2 profile ( — ), with + and - the standard 45 deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z)

is also shown (••••). (0PT0MA15, Leg DI).

m

Figure No. Caption Page

15. The flight track for 0PT0MA15, Leg P. 48

16. AXBT locations for 0PT0MA15, Leg P. 49

17. Station numbers for 0PT0MA15, Leg P. 50

18 (a)-(b). AXBT temperature profiles, staggered by 52

multiples of 5C (0PT0MA15, Leg P).

19 (a)-(i). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 54

the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA15, Leg P).

20. Mean temperature profile, with + and - the 60 standard deviation. (0PT0MA15, Leg P).

21. The cruise track for 0PT0MA15, Leg DII. 62

22. XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA15, Leg DII. 63

23. Station numbers for 0PT0MA15, Leg DII. 64

24 (a)-(m). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 70

multiples of 5C (0PT0MA15, Leg DII).

25 (a)-(c). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 83

multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (0PT0MA15, Leg DII).

26. Casts deeper tham 800m (0PT0MA15, Leg DII). 86

27. Casts deeper than 1600m (0PT0MA15, Leg DII). 87

28 (a)-(l). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 88

the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (0PT0MA15, Leg DII).

29 (a)-(b). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 95

(2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA15, Leg DII).

30. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and 97

(b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. (0PT0MA15, Leg DII).

IV

Figure No. Caption Page

31. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, 98 with + and - the standard deviations,

from the CTD's (0PT0MA15, Leg Oil).

32. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with 99 + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's.

Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (0PT0MA15, Leg DII).

33. Mean N2 profile ( — ), with + and - the standard 100

deviation ( — ). The N2 profile from T(z) and S(z)

is also shown (••••)• (0PT0MA15, Leg DII).

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 1: The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA Program. Isobaths are shown in meters.

INTRODUCTION

The OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis) Program, a joint NPS/Harvard program sponsored by ONR, seeks to understand the mesoscale (fronts, eddies, and jets) variability and dynamics of the California Current System and to determine the scientific limits to practical mesoscale ocean forecasting. To help carry out the aims of this project, a series of cruises has been planned in two subdomains, NOCAL and CENCAL, shown in Figure 1.

The two cruises and one AXBT flight comprising 0PT0MA15 were undertaken, during January and February 1985, in the USNS DE STEIGUER and a Reserve Patrol Wing P3B aircraft. Hydrographic data were acquired off the coast of California in an area which covered and extended the NOCAL region.

Leg DI was carried out from 24 January to 6 February, Leg P on 27 January and Leg DI I from 8 to 23 February. Legs DI and DI I sampled an area approximately 300 km square and Leg P sampled an area approximately 260 km square, both areas centered about 190 km off the coast between Pt. Reyes and Pt. Arena.

On each cruise track, transect extremes are identified by letter to aid in cross-referencing the data presented in subsequent figures. On each of these cruises, hydrographic stations were occupied at approximately 19 km along the track. For the AXBT flight, the along-track station spacing varied between about 28 km and about 46 km. DATA ACQUISITION

Data acquired during Legs DI and DII include XBT and CTD profiles; whereas data acquired during Leg P are AXBT profiles. Bucket surface temperature and water samples for salinity were taken at most CTD stations. A rosette sampler was used on Leg DII to acquire deep salinity samples. These salinity samples

were used for calibration purposes as well as contributions to the data base.

All data were digitized using a Sippican MK9 unit, recorded on data disks using a HP200 series computer, and transferred ashore to the IBM 3033 mainframe computer at the Naval Postgraduate School for editing and processing.

Station positions were determined by Loran C fixes and are claimed to be accurate to within about 0.1 km. Table 1 on page 6 summarizes the various sensors used on the USNS DE STEIGUER and their accuracy. The salinity samples were determined by a Guildline Model 8400 "Autosal" salinometer with an accuracy of _+0.003ppt at the Naval Postgraduate School.

During Leg P, shallow (305 m) and deep (750 m) AXBT's were deployed. The aircraft maintained an altitude of approximately 1500 ft and an airspeed of approximately 170 knots. Station positions are accurate to within 1 km, temperature values to within 0.2°C and depth values to within 2% or 5 m (whichever is larger). DATA PROCESSING

The data processing, such as estimating depth profiles for the XBT and AXBT temperature profiles based on descent speed, and conversion of CTD conductivity to salinity using the algorithm given in Lewis and Perkin (1981), was carried out on the IBM 3033. The data were then edited by removing obvious salinity spikes and eliminating cast failures that were not identified during the cruise. Approximately 99%, 88%, and 99%, of casts were retained in the data sets of Legs DI, P, and DII, respectively. Two Neil Brown CTD's were used as a result of one having a malfunction. From a comparison of the CTD salinities with the salinity samples from the bottles, it was determined that the first CTD's salinities had an offset of -.015 ppt and the second CTD's salinities had an offset of -.012 ppt. The salinities were adjusted acordingly. The CTD data

were interpolated to 5 m intervals and then up and down casts were averaged.

The data have been transferred on digital tape to the National Oceanographic Data Center in Washington, DC. DATA PRESENTATION

The cruise track, station locations (with XBT's, CTD's and AXBT's identified) and station numbers are shown in the first three figures of each of the next three sections, which present the data from Legs DI, P, and DII, respectively. These figures are followed by a listing of the stations, with their coordinates, the date and time at which the station was occupied, and the surface information obtained at the station.

Vertical profiles of temperature from the XBT casts are shown in staggered fashion. The location of these profiles may be found by reference to the various maps of the cruise tracks. Transect extremes are identified as nearly as possible. The first profile on each plot is shown with its temperature unchanged; to each subsequent profile an appropriate multiple of 5C has been added. Vertical profiles from the CTD's follow (except Leg P). Profiles of temperature are staggered by 5C and those of salinity by 4 ppt.

Isotherms for each transect are shown in the next pages, followed (except Leg P) by isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t, from the CTD's, when four or more casts were acquired along a transect. Based on instrument accuracy and the vertical temperature gradient, it is estimated that depths of isotherms in the main thermocline are uncertain to _+20m. The tick marks identify station positions and, again, the transect extremes are shown on these plots.

Each section includes mean profiles of temperature from the XBT's. In addition, for Sections 1 and 3, mean profiles of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's are given, as well as a scatter diagram of the T-S pairs

and the mean S(T) curve, with the jf standard deviation envelope; the data presentation concludes with a plot of the mean N2 (Brunt-Vaisala frequency squared) profile, with + the standard deviation. On the sigma-t and N2 plots, the appropriate profiles derived from the mean temperature and mean salinity profiles are also shown.

Table 1: Scientific instruments aboard the USNS DE STEIGUER

Instrument

Variable

Sensor

Accuracy

Resolution

Nei 1 Brown

CTD

Mark Illb

pressure

temperature

conductivity

strain gage thermistor electrode cell

1.6 db 0.005 C 0.005 mmho

0.025 db 0.0005 C 0.001 rnmho

Sippican BT

temperature depth

thermistor descent speed

0.2 C

greater of and 2% of

4.6 m depth

Section 1 0PT0MA15 Leg DII

41N

39N

37N

35N

Eureka Cape Mendocino

San Francisco

Monterey Pt. Sur

Morro Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 2: The cruise track for 0PT0MA15, Leg DI

41N

39N

37N

35N

X X X

□ x

X

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x a x! xx

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/-•Monterey VPt. Sur

XBT : X CTD : □

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128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 3: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA15, Leg DI.

10

41N

39N

rs\

37N

35N

»•*'«

Eureka

96

97

172 : 136 173

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40

41

42

San Francisco

Monterey

Morro Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 4: Station numbers for 0PT0MA15, Leg DI .

11

Table 2: Leg DI Station Listing

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

36 37 38 39 40

XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT

11 XBT

12 XBT

XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

21 XBT

22 XBT

XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD

34 XBT

35 XBT

XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD

41 XBT

42 XBT

43 XBT

44 XBT

45 CTD

85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85025 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85026 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027

357

456

557

707

810

952

1136

1236

1344

1439

1538

1621

1752

1905

2013

2114

2222

2327

30

131

231

335

432

532

640

738

907

1027

1126

1231

1323

1431

1627

1821

1922

2016

2111

2202

2252

23

143

247

353

513

640

37.49 37.55 38.01 38.04 38.05 38.05 38.08 38.11 38.13 38.16 38.18 38.21 38.23 38.27 38.28 38.32 38.34 38.37 38.39 38.42 38.45 38.47 38.50 38.53 38.56 38.48 38.38 38.31 38.22 38.14 38.05 37.55 37.47 37.38 37.29 37.20 37.11 37.03 36.56 36.45 36.36 36.40 36.46 36.57 37.05

122.53 123.05 123.16 123.31 123.42 123.43 124.04 124.09 124.25 124.38 124.51 125.06 125.19 125.34 125.45 125.57 126.11 126.25 126.39 126.54 127.05 127.19 127.31 127.44 127.59 127.56 127.50 127.41 127.35 127.29 127.22 127.15 127.08 127.01 126.55 126.49 126.40 126.32 126.27 126.20 126.15 126.02 125.51 125.58 126.05

11.0 11.6 12.1 12.2 12.0 12.1 12.3 12.1 12.2 11.8 11.8 11.8 12.1

12 12 12 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 12

12.0 12.0 12.1 12.0

12 11 12

12.0 12.3 13.7 14.2 14.4 14.5 14.4 14.5 13.6 14.3 14.0

33.11 12.2 33.14

32.74 12.1 32.74

32.99 11.7 33.00

33.26 12.0 33.33

33.14 13.8 33.28

12

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD-MM)(DEG c^ (PpT) (DEG C) (ppt)

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT

62 XBT

63 CTD

64 XBT

65 XBT

XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT

81 XBT

82 XBT

XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85027 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85028 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85029 85030 85030 85030

825

935

1047

1235

1425

1517

1619

1725

1857

2027

2130

2338

33

210

400

444

539

743

943

1038

1135

1239

1356

1635

1958

2211

2300

113

319

402

453

651

902

1002

1142

1339

1531

1657

1819

1957

2133

2253

24

138

332

37.14 37.23 37.32 37.40 37.50 37.58 38.07 38.16 38.24 38.33 38.42 38.51 38.59 39.08 39.13 39.18 39.10 39.00 38.51 38.43 38.36 38.27 38.16 38.09 37.59 37.51 37.43 37.32 37.22 37.15 37.06 36.57 37.01 37.06 37.17 37.25 37.35 37.44 37.53 38.02 38.10 38.18 38.27 38.36 38.45

126.10 126.16 126.23 126.29 126.36 126.43 126.51 126.57 127.04 127.13 127.18 127.23 127.30 127.37 127.24 127.15 127.10 127.02 126.55 126.49 126.44 126.37 126.29 126.22 126.16 126.10 126.03 125.56 125.48 125.43 125.37 125.29 125.18 125.08 125.14 125.22 125.28 125.33 125.40 125.45 125.55 126.01 126.08 126.14 126.21

11.9 12.0 11.7 11.8

11 11 12 12

12.0 12.1

12 12 12 12 12

12.4 12.4 12.2 12.4 12.4 12.1 12.0 11.8 12.1 12.0 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.9 11.9 11.9 12.1 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.7

11 12 11

12.0 12.0 11.7 11.8 12.4 12.3

32.97

12.0 32.98

33.04 12.2

32.97

32.70 12.2 32.51

32.71 12.5

32.60

32.95 33.00

32.88 32.78

11.9 12.2

11.9

32.94 33.03

32.90

12.2 32.82

13

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (ppx) (DEG C) (PPT)

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

CTD 85030 XBT 85030

XBT XBT XBT XBT

XBT XBT

101 XBT

102 XBT

103 XBT

104 XBT

CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

85030 85030 85030 85030

CTD 85030 XBT 85030

85030 85030 85030 85030 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031 85031

XBT 85031 XBT 85032

85032 85032 85032 85032 85032 85032 85032 85032 85032 85032 85032 85033 85033 85033 85033 85033

518

726

909

1106

1252

1536

1821

1947

2050

2144

2235

2333

29

131

402

522

626

734

859

1019

1135

1238

1344

1443

1544

1819

1946

2205

43

306

539

800

1011

1223

1442

1614

1750

1933

2142

2346

246

606

910

1121

1315

38.53 39.02 39.10 39.18 39.27 39.39 39.37 39.29 39.20 39.12 39.04 38.56 38.48 38.38 38.29 38.21 38.12 38.03 37.54 37.45 37.36 37.28 37.20 37.14 37.12 37.22 37.29 37.37 37.46 37.55 38.04 38.12 38.21 38.31 38.41 38.49 38.57 39.05 39.13 39.21 39.31 39.38 39.48 39.57 40.05

126.27 126.33 126.41 126.47 126.54 126.45 126.31 126.24 126.15 126.08 126.03 125.56 125.51 125.44 125.37 125.31 125.24 125.18 125.10 125.03 124.56 124.50 124.43 124.36 124.32 124.28 124.23 124.29 124.37 124.43 124.49 124.57 125.05 125.10 125.17 125.20 125.29 125.36 125.40 125.47 125.56 126.03 126.08 126.05 126.05

12.3 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.0

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11

11.5 11.8

11 11

11.8 11.9

11 12 12 12 12 12 11

9 2 2 1 5 0 9

12.0 12.0 11.9 11.7 11.6 11.7 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.8 11.9 11.7 11.8 11.7 11.8 11.7

32.83 12.0 32.84

32.84 12.6

32.86

33.11 11.7

33.13

14

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(E>DD.MM)(DEG c) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

136 XBT 85033 1523 40.14 126.02 11.8

137 XBT 85033 1725 39.58 125.45 11.6

138 XBT 85033 1827 39.48 125.38 11.9

139 XBT 85033 1916 39.40 125.32 11.7

140 CTD 85033 2046 39.32 125.27 11.5 32.76 11.5 32.82

141 XBT 85033 2211 39.22 125.20 11.5

142 XBT 85033 2258 39.15 125.15 11.5

143 CTD 85034 14 39.07 125.07 11.6 32.88 11.7 32.96

144 XBT 85034 205 38.56 125.02 11.7

145 CTD 85034 309 38.50 124.54 11.5 33.22 11.5 33.28

146 XBT 85034 548 38.41 124.49 11.6

147 XBT 85034 659 38.32 124.40 11.7

148 CTD 85034 836 38.24 124.34 11.4 33.21 11.8 33.24

149 XBT 85034 1025 38.15 124.28 11.6

150 CTD 85034 1200 38.06 124.22 11.7 33.30 11.8 33.33

151 XBT 85034 1347 37.57 124.13 12.0

152 XBT 85034 1443 37.49 124.07 11.6

153 XBT 85034 1547 37.39 124.01 11.8

154 XBT 85034 1705 37.42 123.47 11.6

155 XBT 85034 1811 37.50 123.37 11.7

156 XBT 85034 1922 37.58 123.46 11.7

157 XBT 85034 2033 38.07 123.53 11.5

158 XBT 85034 2132 38.15 123.59 11.5

159 CTD 85034 2255 38.26 124.07 11.7 33.29 11.6 33.35

160 XBT 85035 217 38.34 124.12 11.6

161 XBT 85035 346 38.42 124.18 11.5

162 XBT 85035 522 38.51 124.25 11.2

163 XBT 85035 713 39.00 124.32 11.5

164 XBT 85035 925 39.09 124.40 11.4

165 XBT 85035 1127 39.16 124.46 11.6

166 XBT 85035 1414 39.26 124.52 10.9

167 XBT 85035 1633 39.34 124.58 10.8

168 XBT 85035 1830 39.41 125.05 10.7

169 XBT 85035 2036 39.52 125.13 10.9

170 XBT 85035 2202 39.59 125.19 10.9

171 XBT 85035 2338 40.09 125.26 11.1

172 XBT 85036 238 40.24 125.18 10.9

173 XBT 85036 443 40.18 125.05 10.7

174 XBT 85036 544 40.10 124.58 10.5

175 XBT 85036 643 40.01 124.50 10.6

176 XBT 85036 746 39.53 124.43 10.5

177 CTD 85036 914 39.44 124.36 10.6 32.93 10.5 33.03

178 XBT 85036 1056 39.36 124.30 10.6

179 XBT 85036 1150 39.27 124.23 11.1

180 XBT 85036 1244 39.19 124.18 11.3

15

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

(NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

181 XBT 85036 1340 39.10 124.11 11.1

182 CTD 85036 1515 39.01 124.06 11.2 32.83 11.0 33.13 183" XBT 85036 1636 38.53 123.56 10.9

184 XBT 85036 1719 38.44 123.50 10.6

185 XBT 85036 1816 38.35 123.44 10.8

186 XBT 85036 1911 38.27 123.36 10.9

187 CTD 85036 2010 38.19 123.31 11.0 33.11 10.9 33.88

188 XBT 85036 2127 38.25 123.39 10.9

189 XBT 85036 2255 38.34 123.50 11.1

190 XBT 85037 12 38.41 123.59 11.2

191 XBT 85037 135 38.49 124.08 11.3

192 XBT 85037 248 38.39 124.01 11.3

193 XBT 85037 340 38.30 123.56 10.9

194 XBT 85037 446 38.22 123.48 11.1

195 XBT 85037 556 38.16 123.36 11.0

196 XBT 85037 651 38.10 123.24 11.3

197 XBT 85037 838 38.00 123.18 11.4

198 XBT 85037 1106 37.54 123.05 11.3

199 XBT 85037 1240 37.49 122.52 11.4

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Figure 6(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles, staggered by multiples of 4ppt (0PT0MA15, Leg DI) .

28

Staggered Temperature (deg C)

Staggered Salinity (ppt)

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30

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Figure 7(a): Casts deeper than 800m (0PT0MA15, Leg DI)

31

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32

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Figure 8: Casts deeper than 1600m (OPTOMA15, Leg DI)

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Figure 10(a): Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (0PT0MA15, Leg DI) .

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deviation ( ). The N profile from T(z) and S(z) is also

shown ( ) (0PT0MA15, Leg DI) .

46

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

47

Section 2 OPTOMA 15 Leg P

48

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 15: The flight track for 0PT0MA15, Leg P

49

41N

39N

37N

35N

1 Eureka

\^ Cape Mend

ocino

X X

■c

X X

X

x ;

X

; X X '•

x X

x:

X

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X

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AXBT : X

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: tB°y

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 16: AXBT locations for 0PT0MA15, Leg P

50

41N

39N

37N

35N

i

. Eureka

i

\ Cape Mendocino

;

7 :

:

8

9 10

: 6 27 :

tl

28

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4

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23

36

17

18

35 i2

21 :

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19

:

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i

V Pt. Sur

J

\-. Morro

;

i (Bay

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 17: Station numbers for 0PT0MA15, Leg P.

51

Table 3

: Leg

P Station Listing

STN

TYPE

YR/DAY

GMT

LAT

LONG

SURI

■Ai

(NORTH)

(WEST)

TEMP

(DD.MM(DDD.MM)(DEG I

1

AXBT

85027

1651

37.50

123.

,40

12.

4

2

AXBT

85027

1701

38.06

123.

,53

12.

0

3

AXBT

85027

1712

38.30

124.

,10

12.

2

4

AXBT

85027

1722

38.52

124,

,26

12.

6

5

AXBT

85027

1728

39.04

124.

,36

12.

0

6

AXBT

85027

1738

39.26

124,

52

12.

3

7

AXBT

85027

1751

39.46

125,

18

11.

6

8

AXBT

85027

1757

39.38

125,

,37

11.

8

9

AXBT

85027

1807

39.23

126,

,09

12.

3

10

AXBT

85027

1813

39.15

126,

,29

12.

2

11

AXBT

85027

1824

39.00

127,

,00

12.

5

12

AXBT

85027

1830

38.52

127,

,18

12.

1

13

AXBT

85027

1840

38.32

127,

,41

12.

1

14

AXBT

85027

1846

38.21

127,

,31

11.

.9

15

AXBT

85027

1856

37.52

127,

,12

11.

9

16

AXBT

85027

1902

37.43

127,

,02

11.

8

17

AXBT

85027

1912

37.18

126,

,44

13.

7

18

AXBT

85027

1918

37.02

126,

,28

14.

5

19

AXBT

85027

1929

36.47

126,

,08

14.

.6

20

AXBT

85027

1937

36.54

125,

,50

14.

,3

21

AXBT

85027

1947

37.07

125,

,21

11.

8

22

AXBT

85027

1953

37.15

125,

,02

11.

,7

23

AXBT

85027

2009

37.37

124,

,14

12.

,5

24

AXBT

85027

2031

38.15

124,

,28

12.

,4

25

AXBT

85027

2040

38.48

124,

,53

12.

.0

26

AXBT

85027

2050

39.00

125,

,03

12,

2

27

AXBT

85027

2102

39.20

125,

,24

12,

,0

28

AXBT

85027

2111

39.07

125,

,53

12,

,1

29

AXBT

85027

2121

38.49

126,

.27

12,

,5

30

AXBT

85027

2127

38.42

126

.46

12,

.1

31

AXBT

85027

2137

38.26

127

.04

12,

,1

32

AXBT

85027

2142

38.13

126

.54

11,

.9

33

AXBT

85027

2152

37.46

126

.38

12,

,2

34

AXBT

85027

2159

37.34

126

.30

11,

,7

35

AXBT

85027

2213

37.13

125

.57

11,

,7

36

AXBT

85027

2225

37.26

125

.24

11,

.9

37

AXBT

85027

2232

37.37

125

.00

12,

,0

38

AXBT

85027

2242

37.51

124

.28

12,

.6

39

AXBT

85027

2300

38.02

124

.54

12

.0

40

AXBT

85027

2309

38.27

125

.12

12

.2

41

AXBT

85027

2315

38.41

125

.21

11

.8

42

AXBT

85027

2327

38.45

125

.37

11

.9

43

AXBT

85027

2330

38.36

125

.37

11

.9

44

AXBT

85027

2336

38.16

125

.43

12

.4

52

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Figure 20: Mean temperature profile, with + and - the standard deviation (0PT0MA15, Leg P) .

61

Section 3 OPTOMA 15 Leg DII

62

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 21: The cruise track for 0PT0MA15, Leg DII.

63

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 22: XBT and CTD locations for 0PT0MA15, Leg DII

64

41N

39N

37N

35N

128W

126W

124W

122W

120W

Figure 23: Station numbers for 0PT0MA15, Leg DII.

65

Table 4: Leg DII Station Listing

STN

TYPE

YR/DAY

GMT

LAT (NORTH)

LONG (WEST)

SURFAl TEMP

(DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG 1

1

XBT

85040

253

37.49

122.53

11.6

2

XBT

85040

318

37.51

122.58

11.7

3

XBT

85040

432

37.55

123.11

11.1

4

XBT

85040

528

38.00

123.17

10.9

5

XBT

85040

646

38.04

123.29

11.0

6

CTD

85040

903

38.05

123.43

11.3

7

XBT

85040

1109

38.06

123.57

11.3

8

XBT

85040

1257

38.09

124.14

11.4

9

XBT

85040

1359

38.13

124.23

11.8

10

XBT

85040

1531

38.15

124.36

11.9

11

XBT

85040

1652

38.18

124.50

11.6

12

XBT

85040

1803

38.21

125.03

11.4

13

XBT

85040

1925

38.23

125.18

11.3

14

XBT

85040

2033

38.26

125.30

11.3

15

XBT

85040

2149

38.28

125.45

11.3

16

XBT

85040

2253

38.30

125.58

11.5

17

XBT

85040

2355

38.32

126.10

12.1

18

XBT

85041

121

38.35

126.28

12.2

19

XBT

85041

213

38.39

126.36

12.1

20

XBT

85041

318

38.42

126.50

12.0 11.7

21

XBT

85041

419

38.45

127.02

22

XBT

85041

528

38.48

127.16

11.7

23

XBT

85041

631

38.51

127.29

11.8

24

XBT

85041

747

38.54

127.44

11.7

25

XBT

85041

906

38.56

127.59

11.8,

26

XBT

85041

1023

38.44

127.51

11.8

27

CTD

85041

1140

38.39

127.47

11.7

28

XBT

85041

1331

38.31

127.41

11.8

29

XBT

85041

1434

38.22

127.35

11.7

30

XBT

85041

1535

38.14

127.28

11.9

31

XBT

85041

1642

38.05

127.21

11.5

32

XBT

85041

1744

37.56

127.14

11.4

33

CTD

85041

1922

37.48

127.08

11.5

34

XBT

85041

2113

37.38

127.00

11.7

35

XBT

85041

2208

37.31

126.54

11.6

36

XBT

85041

2313

37.21

126.47

11.6

37

XBT

85042

11

37.13

126.40

11.6

38

XBT

85042

111

37.03

126.34

13.0

39

XBT

85042

202

36.55

126.28

12.8

40

CTD

85042

307

36.46

126.22

12.7

41

XBT

85042

611

36.41

126.01

12.8

42

XBT

85042

706

36.46

125.52

12.9

43

XBT

85042

811

36.57

125.58

12.4

44

CTD

85042

925

37.05

126.04

11.6

45

XBT

85042

1056

37.14

126.11

11.7

SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE SALINITY TEMP SALINITY C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

33.16

11.5 33.18

32.81

11.8 32.83

33.07

11.5 33.06

32.90

33.05

12.8 32.90

11.8 33.07

66

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT

61 XBT

62 CTD

XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD

85042 85042 85042 85042 85042 85042 85042 85042 85042 85042 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85043 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044 85044

1152

1256

1409

1616

1716

1824

1922

2027

^152

2330

39

135

257

517

556

725

802

1022

1130

1223

1325

1430

1628

1727

1825

1924

2239

131

225

318

428

542

709

856

959

1102

1213

1315

1427

1703

1916

2016

2117

2228

1

37.22 37.32 37.40 37.49 37.58 38.07 38.16 38.24 38.33 38.42 38.52 38.59 39.09 39.14 39.18 39.04 39.01 38.52 38.43 38.35 38.26 38.18 38.07 37.59 37.51 37.42 37.32 37.23 37.14 37.06 36.56 37.02 37.07 37.16 37.25 37.33 37.43 37.51 38.01 38.10 38.18 38.26 38.35 38.44 38.53

126.18 126.24 126.30 126.36 126.44 126.50 126.57 127.04 127.11 127.15 127.22 127.26 127.36 127.23 127.15 127.05 127.02 126.54 126.46 126.40 126.35 126.29 126.22 126.15 126.06 126.03 125.56 125.50 125.43 125.37 125.30 125.18 125.08 125.16 125.22 125.28 125.36 125.41 125.48 125.57 126.01 126.08 126.15 126.21 126.27

11.7 11.8 11.4 11.6 11.4 11.4 11.8 11.5 11.9 11.7 12.1 12.3 11.9 12.1 12.0 12.0 11.7 11.9 11.8 12.1 11.6 11.4 11.8 11.4 11.5 11.5 11.9 11.9 11.8 12.1 11.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.9 11.9 11.8 12.0 11.6 11.3 11.8 12.3 12.5 12.0

33.08

32.76

32.97

33.20

11.6 33.10

32.78 12.0

12.1

32.80 11.9

32.81 11.5

33.19 12.0

11.7

32.80

32.79

32.80

32.81

33.19

33.01

11.6 33.21

32.77

12.1

67

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85045 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85046 85047 85047 85047 85047 85047 85047 85047 85047 85048 85048 85048

143

242

343

443

557

639

735

834

951

1107

1210

1327

1339

1700

1902

2019

2322

18

123

225

356

501

602

659

809

922

1039

1159

1447

1543

1753

2011

2153

2352

206

446

705

906

1125

1450

1844

2133

109

306

413

39.02 39.10 39.19 39.27 39.33 39.36 39.29 39.21 39.13 39.04 38.55 38.46 38.38 38.30 38.19 38.11 38.02 37.54 37.45 37.36 37.28 37.19 37.24 37.29 37.37 37.46 37.55 38.04 38.13 38.21 38.32 38.40 38.48 38.56 39.05 39.14 39.22 39.31 39.38 39.48 39.59 40.05 40.13 40.06 39.58

126.33 126.40 126.47 126.54 126.40 126.31 126.24 126.18 126.12 126.05 125.58 125.51 125.45 125.39 125.33 125.26 125.21 125.14 125.05 124.58 124.51 124.44 124.33 124.23 124.29 124.36 124.43 124.49 124.57 125.03 125.10 125.17 125.23 125.30 125.36 125.42 125.49 125.55 126.03 126.07 126.07 126.05 126.01 125.53 125.46

12.2 12.5 12.3 11.1 12.0 11.9 12.1 12.0 11.8 11.8

12 12 11 11

11.8 11.8 11.9 12.0

11

11

12.0 11.6

11 11

11.8 11.9 11.9 11.6

12'1 12.0

11.3

11.4

11.9

11.8

11.8

12.1

12.0

11.2

11.2

11.7

11.3

11.3

11.4

11.3

10.8

32.79

11.9

33.31 33.25

11.8 12.1

33.14 12.0

33.11 32.86

11.8 10.9

68

STN TYPE YR/DAY

GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180

XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT

85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85048 85049 85049 85049 85049 85049 85049 85049 85049 85049 85049 85049 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85050 85051 85051

517

627

727

828

927

1030

1127

1230

1348

1451

1550

1703

1832

1927

2030

2138

2258

336

632

851

1127

1343

1531

1711

1836

1955

2124

2239

33

159

339

506

656

831

1119

1357

1616

1746

1847

1946

2039

2141

2255

31

128

39.50 39.41 39.32 39.24 39.16 39.07 38.59 38.51 38.40 38.32 38.24 38.15 38.04 37.57 37.48 37.39 37.33 37.45 37.54 38.02 38.11 38.19 38.28 38.37 38.46 38.54 39.04 39.12 39.20 39.28 39.36 39.45 39.55 40.03 40.17 40.08 39.59 39.51 39.43 39.34 39.26 39.17 39.09 39.00 38.51

125.40 125.33 125.26 125.20 125.13 125.06 124.59 124.54 124.47 124.42 124.35 124.27 124.19 124.14 124.07 124.01 123.49 123.52 123.56 124.02 124.09 124.16 124.23 124.30 124.36 124.43 124.47 124.52 125.02 125.08 125.14 125.22 125.28 125.35 125.34 125.26 125.19 125.12 125.05 124.59 124.51 124.44 124.39 124.31 124.24

10.8

10.7

11.1

11.0

11.1

11.5

11.3

11.5

11.4

11.4

11.7

11.6

11.6

11.4

11.1

11.1

11.3

11.6

11.2

11.5

11.1

11.4

11.6

11.1

11.1

11.3

11

10

10.9

11.2

11.1

10.7

11.0

10.7

10.9

11.1

10.9

10.9

:J

10 10 10 10 10

11

32.78

10.9

32.91

10.5

11.7

69

STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE SURFACE BUCKET BOTTLE

SALINITY TEMP SALINITY

"YPE

YR/DAY

GMT

LAT

LONG

SURFACE

(NORTH)

(WEST)

TEMP

DD.MM

DDD.MM

(DEG C)

XBT

85051

214

38.43

124.19

11.0

XBT

85051

306

38.34

124.13

11.4

XBT

85051

414

38.24

124.07

11.1

XBT

85051

502

38.15

124.00

10.7

XBT

85051

600

38.07

123.53

11.0

XBT

85051

656

37.58

123.45

10.8

XBT

85051

747

37.50

123.39

11.0

XBT

85051

917

37.45

123.24

10.9

XBT

85051

1927

38.07

123.41

10.6

XBT

85051

2125

38.13

123.43

10.5

XBT

85052

130

38.22

123.48

10.3

XBT

85052

627

38.29

123.57

11.1

XBT

85052

1119

38.39

124.06

10.9

XBT

85052

1456

38.48

124.13

10.8

XBT

85052

1757

38.56

124.15

10.7

XBT

85052

2225

39.04

124.19

10.7

XBT

85053

405

39.13

124.31

10.6

XBT

85053

722

39.22

124.37

10.4

XBT

85053

1017

39.30

124.42

10.7

XBT

85053

1370

39.39

124.51

10.5

XBT

85053

1730

39.48

124.52

10.4

XBT

85053

2019

39.57

124.52

10.4

XBT

85053

2133

40.03

124.52

10.2

XBT

85053

2241

39.52

124.43

10.3

XBT

85053

2341

39.43

124.36

10.1

XBT

85054

30

39.35

124.30

10.4 10.4

XBT

85054

117

39.26

124.23

XBT

85054

206

39.18

124.17

10.5

XBT

85054

257

39.09

124.11

10.9

XBT

85054

300

39.00

124.04

10.8

XBT

85054

442

38.52

123.58

10.3

XBT

85054

528

38.45

123.51

9.4

XBT

85054

621

38.36

123.44

9.6

XBT

85054

718

38.27

123.37

9.5

XBT

85054

801

38.19

123.31

9.8

XBT

85054

902

38.09

123.24

10.0

XBT

85054

1002

38.00

123.17

9.9

XBT

85054

1100

37.50

123.19

10.1

XBT

85054

1139

37.42

123.20

10.4

XBT

85054

1227

37.34

123.11

10.8

XBT

85054

1322

37.28

123.01

11.0

XBT

85054

1411

37.21

122.53

11.3

XBT

85054

1517

37.12

122.42

11.8

XBT

85054

1556

37.07

122.35

11.1

XBT

85054

1647

37.01

122.26

10.9

XBT

85054

1800

36.52

122.13

11.2

(PPT) (DEG C) (PPT)

Data not available

70

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The N^ profile from T(z) and S(z) is also

101

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was sponsored by the ONR Physical Oceanography Program. The success of the fieldwork was strongly dependent on the competent, willing support of the crews of the USNS DE STEIGUER and the P3 Reserve Patrol Wing aircraft. Members of the scientific cruise party were:

Leg DI - Dr. Edward A. Kelley, Jr., Chief Scientist, NPS

Mr. Don Martens, Watch Chief, NPS

Mr. Paul Wittmann, Watch Chief, NPS

ENS Carolyn Dyke, FNOC

Mr. Billie Payne, NPS

Mr. Jon Raugust, NPS

Ms. Joyce Kelley, NPS

Leg P - Ms. Marie Col ton, NPS LT Mark Johnson, USN

Leg DII - Dr. Edward A. Kelley, Jr., Chief Scientist, NPS Mr. Michael McCann, Watch Chief, NPS Mr. Jon Raugust, Watch Chief, NPS Mr. James Stockel , Watch Chief, NPS Mr. Lance Miller, NPS Mr. Billie Payne, NPS ENS Charlotte Kelchner, FNOC AGAN Mary Tighe, NPS

REFERENCE

Lewis, E.L. and R.G. Perkin, 1981: The Practical Salinity Scale 1978: conversion of existing data. Deep Sea Res. 28A, 307-328.

102

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