UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MEDICAL CENTER LIBRARY SAN FRANCISCO Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN 1 *;•• ••' fj If HYMENOMYCETES BRITANNICI " Pleniorem dabit lucem futura aetas." Britannia BRITISH FUNGI (HYMENOM YCE TES ) BY REV. JOHN\ STEVENSON SQAl* v. I AUTHOR OF MYCOLOGIA SCOTICA HON. SEC. CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND WITH ILLUSTRATIONS IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I. AGARICUS— BOLBITIUS WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLXXXVI All Rights reserved PREFACE. THERE is no royal road to the knowledge of Fungi ; and it is impossible, with any regard to scientific accuracy, to avoid the use of language which at first sight may be repellent. It need not, however, be so in reality. The careful mastery of a few scientific terms by the aid of the Glossary (end of vol. ii.) will enable those who have not hitherto studied the subject to use the descriptions, not only with ease, but with much greater satisfaction in the identification of species. This is particularly the case in regard to Edible and Poisonous species. Any description of general appearance, which omitted scientific details, might be most misleading. The species must be care- fully identified by means of the descriptions.1 Comparatively few of the Agarics are used as food. Probably a much larger number are either edible or harmless. It has been usual in the descriptive literature of Mycology to give a diagnosis, followed by a description of each species. This may be a convenient method in letterpress to illustra- tions ; but in a work designed for practical use, it involves extensive repetition. I am aware that the departure from this method will touch existing prejudice ; but it seems desirable 1 Those who desire to become fungus-eaters are recommended to obtain Mr Worthington G. Smith's ' Mushrooms and Toadstools, ' published by Hardwicke £ Bogue at is. Its use along with scientific descriptions should avert the possibility of danger. VI PREFACE. to avoid repetition to the extent of one-third or one-half in the account of each species, and thereby to secure space for fuller description. Moreover, the diagnosis is not lost. From the arrangement which is adopted in printing, the student, if he is a student at all, can at a glance pick it out for himself. The volumes are founded chiefly on Fries's ' Hymenomy- cetes Europsei ' and ' Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae/ The former contains the latest arrangement of genera and species ; the latter the more detailed descriptions. ' Mono- graphia ' is now exceedingly rare, only a hundred copies having been originally printed ; and I have carefully embodied from it all that it is of importance for the student to possess. In some minute details reference has been made to the older works of Fries ; and in such cases the critical student must compare these, in order to judge of the interpretation which has been given. The works which contain the views of Berkeley are ' English Flora,' vol. 5 ; ' Outlines of British Fungology ; ' and the long series of " Notices of British Fungi," published by Berkeley and Broome in the ' Annals and Maga- zine of Natural History.' In giving references it has not been found possible to go beyond more recent works and illustrations. Any exhaustive treatment of synonyms, &c., would make the present volumes undesirably large for practical use. Other references will be found in * Hymenomycetes Europsei/ a work which is certain to be in the hands of any one who will enter minutely into this part of the subject. I have included only species which are undoubtedly British. Several have been omitted as apparently of exotic origin ; some have been excluded as determined upon insufficient grounds ; a few cannot be accepted without verification. The tendency in recent years has been to multiply species unnecessarily, and ultimately many so-called species must disappear. The prun- ing-knife must be unsparingly used ; but this must be the work of a Congress of Cryptogamic Botanists, not of individual authors. PREFACE. Vll As far as space would admit, comparisons between different species, in appearance, affinity, &c., have been noted. These will often be found to be of great value in the identification of species. Observations (under the line which records habitats, &c.) other than my own bear the initials of their authors. The claims of space have necessarily made these very brief. The spore-measurements are those of Berkeley (M.J.B.), Berkeley and Broome (B. & Br.), Britzelmayer (B.), Karsten (K.), Phillips (W.P.), Plowright (C.B.P.), and Worthington Smith (W.G.S.) Of the illustrations, it is sufficient to say that they are the work of Mr Worthington Smith. All the original coloured drawings, life - size, as well as actual examples, are in the British Museum, Natural History Department, South Ken- sington, where they may be seen by any one who desires to examine them ; and I desire to express our special obligation to Dr Carruthers for the trouble and care he has taken in arranging them for future reference. It is impossible to acknowledge in detail, as I could have wished, the assistance I have received in the preparation of the work ; but it is with unfeigned pleasure that I desire to record my special obligation to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, Rev. Canon Du Port, Rev. Dr Keith, Rev. David Paul, W. Phillips, C. B. Plowright, and Worthington G. Smith. We have had many discussions. Sometimes we have differed in opinion. More frequently we have agreed. The results are in the hands of critics. In interpreting the mind of Fries, serious differences will be found between the descriptions contained in the present work and many which have been published in * Grevillea.' I can only request that, before deciding between them, scholars will examine and compare the descriptions of Fries in the original language. J. s. GLAMIS, 1886. HYMENOMYCETES. THE HYMENOMYCETES (so called from the hymenium or fruit-bear- ing surface) include most of the larger Fungi. The common Mushroom may be taken as the type, as all the members of the Family bear more or less resemblance to it in organisation and reproduction. The plant consists of the mycelium, the recep- tacle, and the reproductive organs. The Mycelium, or body resulting from germination of spores (popularly known as " spawn ") gives rise to a Receptacle upon which the Spores, or reproductive bodies, are produced. In the case of the mushroom — e.g., what is popularly known as the fungus, consisting of a stem, pileus, and gills, is only the receptacle. The reproductive bodies are situated on the hymenium, which, in the case of the mushroom, is spread over the gills or plates on the lower surface of the pileus. On the hymenium are produced sporophores (basidia) which bear at the apex, usually in groups of four, either slightly stalked or sessile spores. On germinating the spores give rise to a new mycelium, which in its turn develops the spore-producing part of the plant. The Hymenomycetes vary in their substance, being fleshy, or woody, or gelatinous. They are divided into the following six orders : — A. HYMENIUM FIGURATE. I. Spread over the surface of lamellae or gills = Agaricini. II. Lining the interior of tubes or pores = Polyporei. III. Clothing the surface of spines or protuberances of various forms = Hydnei. B. HYMENIUM EVEN. IV. Horizontal and mostly on the under surface = Thelephorei. V. Vertical and produced all over the surface = Clavariei. VI. Superior; gelatinous fungi = Tremellini. A AGARICUS. ORDER I.— AGARICINI. In the Agaricini the hymenium is spread over lamellae or gills, which radiate from a centre or stem. The gills are composed of a double membrane, and are simple or branched. No type in the vegetable world has shown greater diversity of form. GENUS L— Agaricus L. (The name is said to be derived from Agaria, a region of Sar- matia.) — The following are the distinguishing features of this large genus : Gills membranaceous, scissile, acute at the edge, persistent, concrete by the somewhat floccose trama with the inferior hymenophore. Veil various, but never in the form of a spider-web when universal. Spores separating from the sporo- phores, and falling off, hence the gills are not cinnamon-pulver- ulent as in the Cortinarii. Fleshy or membranaceous, putrescent and not reviving when once dried up. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 17. The genus Agaricus is divided into five series, which are de- termined by the colour of the spores. These are white, pink, brown, purple, and black. The white-spored species are the high- est in type, being firmer and more persistent than those which have coloured spores. In these last there is a greater tendency to deliquesce, especially in the case of the black-spored Agarics. SERIES I. LEUCOSPOKI (Xeuicos, white, #«/. /. 157. Smaller, without warts ; Schceff. t. 28. 5. fir3 Z?r. n. 1500*. A. puella Gonn. &" Rab. t. 7.f. 2. 5. A. pantherinus D.C. — Pileus commonly olivaceous-umber when young, fleshy, convex then flattened or somewhat depressed, with a viscous pellicle, which is at first thick and olivaceous- fuscous, then thinned out, almost disappearing and livid, the disc only becoming fuscous ; margin evidently striatej the frag- ments of the volva divided into small, equal, white, regularly arranged, moderately persistent warts ; flesh wholly white, never yellow beneath the pellicle. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, at first stuffed then hollow with spider-web fibrils within, equal or attenuated upwards, slightly firm and sometimes squamulose downwards, greaved at the base by the separable volva which has an entire and obtuse margin. Ring more or less distant, adhering obliquely, white, rarely superior. Gills free, reaching the stem, broader in front, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, shining white. Flesh of the pileus thinner than in neighbouring species. So like var. um- brina of A. muscarius that Persoon, Secretan, and other colourists have con- founded them, but very different from it (in the order of nature intermediate as it were between A. strangulatus and A. aridus, and truly abnormal in this group) ; for the base of the circularly ruptured volva indeed forms a sheath adnate to the stem, but is separable from it, and marked by a proper obtuse continuous margin, and not furnished with the concentric scales of the rest. It is readily distinguished from A. muscarius var. umbrina by the white flesh never becoming yellow beneath the pellicle. Variable in size and colour, which, however, is never red or yellow, and in the position of the ring. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Solitary. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) broad ; when dry soft to the touch like kid- leather. M.J.B. Poisonous. Spores 7-8x4-5 mk. K. ; 6-10 mk. B. ; 8x4 mk. W. G.S. Name — pantherinus, spotted like a panther. Dec. — Fr. Monogr. \. p. 9. Hym. Eur. p. 21. Berk. Out. p. 90. C. Hbk. n. 9. Illust. PL 2. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 5. Fl. Dan. t. ign.f. 2 young. Vittad. Fung, mang. t. 39. Krombh. t. 29 ,f. 10-13. Paul. Champ, t. n6o,f. 2. Viv. t. 26. Schceff. t. 90. 6. A. excelsus Fr.— Pileus 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, fus- cous-grey, darker in the centre, fleshy, soft, globose then plane, pellicle thin, but viscous and in reality separable in wet weather, then the surface is often wrinkled-papillose, or in a peculiar man- ner hollowed and pitted, sprinkled with angular, unequal, whitish- LEUCOSPORI. 7 grey, easily separating warts, the remains of the friable volva ; Amanita. margin at first even, but when properly developed manifestly striate, even sulcate ; flesh soft, white throughout, unchangeable. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, at first stuffed, almost solid, but at length hollow, globoso-depressed at the base, attenuated upwards from the bulb, covered, sometimes as far as the ring, sometimes only on the lower part, with dense, squarrose, concentric scales (from the epidermis of the stem being torn), striate at the apex. Ring superior, large, separating-free or at length torn. Gills quite free, rounded (not decurrent on the stem in the form of lines), very ventricose, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more broad, shining white. The bulb -when young is somewhat marginate, but by no means separable, the margin proper like that of A. muscarius is marked with scales, buried in the soil, somewhat rooting, beneath the margin marked here and there with a concentric furrow. The shorter gills intermixed are more numerous than is usual among Amanitce. There is a smaller variety, with the margin more frequently striate, and the stem stuffed then hollow. Paul. t. 159. f. i, 2. Krombh. t. 29. f. 14. In woods, chiefly under beech. Frequent. July-Oct. Solitary. Taste not unpleasant, but poisonous. Spores 6x 9 mk. W.G.S. Name — excelsus, tall. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 8. Hym. Eur. p. 21. Berk. Out. p. 91. /. 3./. 3. C. Hbk. n. 8. Illust. PL 7. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 6. Krombh. t. 29. /. 14-17. Letell. Suppl. t. 40. Am. pantherina Gonn. & Rab. t. i. and A. excelsa /. 8.y. i. without warts. Paul. t. 159. (Bolt. t. 47 very bad.) 7. A. strobiliformis Vitt.— Pileus white, becoming cinereous, convex then expanded, pelliculose, the margin, which extends be- yond the gills, even, warts hard, angular, and closely adnate ; flesh compact and white. Stem solid, floccoso-scaly, thickening down- wards into an underground bulb, which is acutely marginate with (i, 2) concentric furrows. Ring torn. Gills rounded-free. Grassy borders of woods. Rare. July-Sept. Pileus when young subglobose, bulb of the stem conical below, rooting, its border sometimes incised all round, sometimes even, floccose above to the edge of the pileus ; scales of pileus large, wart-like, with a brown disc and white floccose border, at length falling off. Pileus when expanded 8 or 9 inches across, at length quite smooth ; margin extending beyond the gills. Stem 6- 7 inches high, \ % inch thick, firm, solid ; bulb not properly scaly ; veil large ; gills rounded behind, the shorter ones denticulate at the base. Smell and taste at first slight, at length disagreeable. Too much stress must not be laid upon the incision of the bulb, or its scales, for neither character is constant. B. & Br. Spores 8 x 14 mk. W. G. S. According to Worthington Smith its esculent qualities are of a high order, but its rarity makes it of little value. Name— strobilus, a pine-cone. From the supposed similarity of the warts to the scales of a pine-cone. Vittad. Fung, matig. t. 9. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 21. B. 6* Br. n. 662. Berk. Out. p. 90. t. $.f. 2, very young. C. Hbk. n. 10. Illust. PI. 8. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 7. Ventur. t. 4. A. solitarius Bull. t. 593. Paul. Champ, t. 162. Soc. Mcd. t. i6./. 2. 8 AGARICUS. Amanita. *** Whole volva friable, &C. 8. A. rubescens Pers.— Pileus about 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, dingy reddish, becoming pale flesh-colour, tan, scarcely pure, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist but not viscous in rainy weather and opaque when dry, covered with unequal, soft, mealy, whitish, easily separating warts, which are smaller, harder, and more closely adherent in dry weather ; margin even, and when old slightly striate only in wet weather ; flesh commonly soft, white when fresh, reddening when broken. Stem 10-12.5 (4-5 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stuffed, somewhat solid, though soft within, conico-attenuated from the thickened base, reddish- squamulose, becoming red-white, and without a trace of a distinct volva at the base. Ring superior, large, membranaceous, soft, striate and white within. Gills reaching the stem in an attenu- ated manner, forming decurrent lines upon it, thin, crowded, soft, as much as 12 mm. (yz in.) broad, shining white. Very changeable, but readily distinguished from all others of the same group by the flesh being reddish when broken; the stem and pileus are commonly spotted-red when wounded. In dry weather it is firmer, flesh reddening more slowly, warts minute : A. verrucosus Bull. t. 316. Odour scarcely any. There is a remarkable variety circinata, pileus becoming plane, umber-rufous, warts adnate, crowded, roundish. A. circinatus Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 2140. In woods. Common. June-Nov. Spores sphseroid-ellipsoid, 7-8x6 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. ; 7-9x6-8 mk. B. Edible. It is delicious and perfectly wholesome ; although it has frequently been reckoned (Clus. Pern. g. vii. 3) among doubtful species. Val- uable as an esculent species on account of its abundance. Name — rubesco, to become red. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 10. Hym. Eur. p. 23. Berk. Out. p. go. C. Hbk. n. n. Illust. PI. 9. S. My col. Scot. n. 8. Krombh. t. 10. Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 41. Fr. dtl. Sv. t. 74. Viv. It. t. 22, 27. Hussey t. 23. Badh. i. t. 12. /. i, ii. t. ii./. 3-5. Gonn. & Rab. t. 5. Letell. t. 667. A. rubens Scop.-Schceff. t. 91, 261. Le Rougeatre Paul Champ, t. 161. Soc. Med. 1776 /. 13. 9. A. spissus Fr.— Pileus umber, fuliginous or grey, fleshy, somewhat compact, convexo- plane, obtuse, smooth, even, but marked with small, cinereous, angttlar, adnate warts ; margin even, but often torn into fibres ; flesh firm, white, quite unchangeable. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, turnip-shaped at the base, somewhat rooting with a globoso- depressed not marginate bulb, curt, firm, shining white, at length squamulose with concentric cracks. Ring superior, large. Gills reaching the stem, slightly striato- decurrent, broad, crowded, shining white. In mixed woods. Uncommon. July-Sept. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. Stem 6-7.5 cent- (2K~3 in.) long. LEUCOSPORI. 9 Spores 14 mk. W.G.S. ; subglobose, 8-10 mk. C.B.P. ; 6 mk. W.P. Name Amanita. — spissus, compact. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 12. Hym. Eur, p. 23. C. Hbk. n. 12. Illust. PI. 39. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 9. Am. cinerea Krombh. t. 29. f. i- 5. A. strobiliformis Gonn. & Rab. t. j.f. 3. 10. A. nitidus Fr.— Pileus when flattened 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, whitish, fleshy, somewhat compact, at first hemispherical, wrapped up, the thick volva forming a floccose crust, then broken up into thick, remarkably angular, adhering warts, which become fuscous, dry, shining", without a viscous pellicle, margin always even ; flesh white, qiiite unchangeable. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, conico-attenuated, with a bulb-shaped baset squamulose, white. Ring superior, thin, torn, slightly striate, white, villous beneath, at length disappearing. Gills free, crowded, very broad, as much as 12 mm. (^ in.), ventricose, shining white. The pileus very rarely inclines to become yellow or green. Easily distin- guished by its warts. On the ground in woods. Mattishall. Several specimens approach so near to A. mappa that it is difficult to distin- guish them. B. &> Br. Name — niteo, to shine. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 12. Hym. Eur. p. 24. Icon. t. 12. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1833. C. Illust. PL 70. Bul- beux a facette de diamant Paul. Champ, t. 162. Soc. Med. par. t. 16. f. i. Battar. t. 6. f. B. 11. A. asper. Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, oliva- ceous-fuliginous, fleshy, lens- shaped -convex, then plane, thin and even at the margin, roitghened with minute, regular, angular, very crowded, closely adnate warts; flesh compact, white, becom- ing fuscous under the cuticle. Stem stuffed then hollow, at first curt, ovate, then elongated, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, attenuated from the somewhat wrinkled bulb, squamulose, externally and in- ternally white. Ring superior, entire. Gills rounded-free, not striato-decurrent, ventricose, white. In beech and fir woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Spores 8x6-7 mk* W.G.S. Name — asper, rough. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 12. Hym. Eur. p. 24. Berk. Out. p. 91. C. Hbk. n. 13. Illust. PL 34. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 10. Vittad. Fung, inang. t. 43. **** Volva quite rudimentary, flocculose, &*c. 12. A. magnificus Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish, livid, pallid reddish-tan, &c., fleshy, thin, plane when full grown, scarcely umbonate, commonly naked, but often sprinkled with irregularly placed floccose spots, not forming warts ; the margin evidently striate when full grown ; flesh thin, white, but change- able when broken, turning tawny rather than reddening. Stem elongated, slender, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) 10 AGARICUS. Amanita. thick, stuffed with a somewhat distinct pith, at length hollow, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, and without any traces of a bulb or veil at the base, becoming red-whitish, squamulose below, concentrically cracked upwards when dry. Ring superior, sep- arating. Gills adnate, but ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad with a decurrent tooth. Much allied to A. rubescens in habit but differing in the definitely hollow somewhat equal stem, in the rigid cuticle, in the pileus being thinner and manifestly striate at the margin, in the flesh turning tawny, in the adnate gills, and in the universal veil being thin and fugacious. In Scotch fir wood. Rare. Glamis, 1876. July-Sept. My specimens had a bulbous base, and agreed exactly with Fl. Dan. t. 2148. /. i, which is referred by Fries to this species. The cuticle is much paler than in A. rubescens, and tinged over with tawny-red. Name — magnifi- cus, splendid. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 13. Hym. Eur. p. 25. B. &" Br. n. 1631. S. My col. Scot. n. n. Fl. Dan. t. 2146. b. Ag. adnatus Schum. FL Dan. t. 2148. / i. 13. A. megalodactylus Berk. & Br. — Pileus 9 cent. (3% in.) broad, reddish-grey, convex, soft, smooth ; cuticle entire, margin even. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, solid, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose. Ring very large, placed near the top of the stem. Gills free, moderately broad, pallid, at length tinged with red. Strong-scented. Allied to A. lenticularis, but the solid stem is not squam- ulose, and the gills do not assume an olive tint. In woods. Wothorpe, Stamford. Name — f«yas, great, Sd/ervAos, a finger. Tall-stemmed. Berk. Out. p. 91. C. Hbk. n. 14. Illust. PL n. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 25. 14. A. lenticularis Lasch. — Pileus 7.5-10 (3-4 in.) broad, flesh tan colour, fleshy, globose when young, then carnpanulato- convex, even, smooth, moist ; flesh soft, spongy, white, with a mouldy odour. Stem elongated, 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, slightly bulbous at the base or wholly equal, solid, but very spongy-soft, more or less sqiiamulose, sometimes almost smooth. Ring superior, but distant from the pileus, even, large. Gills wholly free, approximate, ventricose, broader in front, very crowrd- ed, whitish, sometimes inclining to olivaceous. The pileus varies, yellowish and becoming pale, In very -wet weather there are dark-green watery drops on and above the ring, which when dried com- monly leave dingy spots. In mixed plantations. Coed Coch. Oct. Remarkable for the great development of the ring, and the smooth pinkish- tan pileus. B. fir" Br. Name — lenticula, a lentil. Lasch. Linn. iii. n. 18. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 15. Hym. Eur. p. 26. Icon. t. 13. B. & Br. n. 1104. C. Hbk. n. 15. Pricef. 88. A. (Lep.) lenticularis C. Illust. PL 17. LEUCOSPORI. II B. RING OBLITERATED OR WANTING. Amanita. 15. A. vaginatus Bull.— Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, livid, &c., slightly fleshy, at first campanulate then flattened ob- tuse and even, smooth, naked and rarely covered with fragments of the volva, moist in rainy weather, some- what shining when dry, at the mar- gin wholly membranaceous, elegantly sulcate like the teeth of a comb; flesh whitish. Volva wholly free, sheath- ing, lax, fragile. Stem hollow, with spider-web fibrils within, attenuated equally from the base, commonly slen- der, but when larger as much as 2.5 (i in.) thick, very soft however and fragile, externally torn into squamules. Ring obsolete. Gills free, ventricose, not much Crowded, Shining White Or H.Agaricus(_Amanita)vaginatus. -. One-quarter natural size. becoming pale. The ring though obsolete is present, more or less conspicuous at the base of the stem, disclosed in the volva. The stem is somewhat stuffed when very robust. Two forms may be noted as varieties : (a.)fulva, pileus and volva tawny : A. fulvus Schceff. t. 95. Fl. Dan. t. 2142. A. trilobus Bolt. t. 38. /. i. (b) alba, wholly white : A. fungites Batschf. 79. A. nivalis Grev. t. 18. The tawny and brightly coloured forms appear in summer ; the livid and fuscous forms, which are the larger, in autumn. In woods, &c. Common. June-Nov. Stem as much as 15 cent. (6 in.) long. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid 10-15 mk. K. ; nearly spherical, 10-14 mk. Z?. / 9 x 8 mk. IV.G.S. Edible, and of excellent flavour, though reckoned among dangerous species by older authors. The chief objection to its use as food is the thinness of the flesh, Name — vagina, a sheath. Bull t. 98, 512. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 2. Hym. Eur. p. 27. Berk. Out. p. 91. t. 3. / 4. C. Hbk. n. i. Illust. PL 12. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 12. Fl. Dan. t. 1014. Krombh. t. i. f. 5, t. lo.f. 6-9. Vittad. t. 16. Hussey ii. /. 34. Bar la t. 5. Ventur. t. 5. Gotin. & Rab. t. j.f. i. &c. Badh. p. 142. A. plumbeus, hyalinus, badius Schceff. t. 85, 86, 244, 245. A. pulvinatus Bolt. t. 49. 16. A. strangulatus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, date-brown-livid, becoming pale, fleshy, campanu- late then flattened, obtuse, smooth, viscid, commonly variegated and occasionally fully covered over with broad, crowded, plane scales ; margin striate, then deeply sulcate, almost like the teeth of a comb. Stem wholly stuffed when young, somewhat hollow only when old, closely sheathed at the base by the circularly split volva. Ring inferior, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) distant from the base, rarely medial. Gills free, crowded, ventricose, shining white. 12 AGARICUS. Amanita. The spurious ring forms a kind of zone on the stem ; it is not enclosed in the volva like that of A. vaginatus. Intermediate between A. vaginatus and A. pantherinus, but larger and more robust than either. In woods. Uncommon. July-Sept. A. Cecilice B. & Br. Mouse-grey. Distinguished by its less perfect volva and stuffed stem, which does not simply contain a few cottony fibres, as that of A. vaginatus, M.J.B. Spores 16 x 8 mk. W.G.S. Name — strangulatus, choked. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 3. Hym. Eur. p. 27. Icon. t. n. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 13. Saund. &> Sm. t. 40. C. Illust. PI. 13. A. Cecilias B. & Br. n. 663, ring awanting. Berk. Out. p. 92. t. 3. /. 5. C. Hbk. n. 2. Price f, 112. 17. A. adnatus Smith.— Pileus 6-7.5 cent- (2/^~3 in-) broad, pale buff-yellow, fleshy, very firm, not brittle, smooth, somewhat moist, convex then expanded, buff beneath the cuticle, margin extending beyond the gills. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) high, stuffed, at length hollow, pale buff, fibrillose. Ring none. Volva lax, adnate, or almost obsolete, white, pubescent, remaining in woolly patches on the pileus ; flesh white, firm, almost rigid. Gills truly adnate, crowded, white. Flesh almost rigid as in some Russules. In woody places among oak and holly. Uncommon. Spores 8 x 10 mk. W.G.S. From the figure of Saunders and Smith the volva appears to be connate with the stem, and the free border is irregularly torn. Name — adnatus, adnate, of the gills. Saund. &" Sm. t. 20. C. Hbk. n. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 28. C. Illust. PL 35. Lepiota. Submenus II. LEPIOTA (fowls, a scale) Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 19. Hymenophore distinct from the stem, universal veil concrete with the epi- dermis of the pileus. Gills free, often remote, not sinuate or decurrent. With one exception, growing on the ground; several occur in hothouses imder forms departing from the type. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 29. An easily defined subgenus from the concrete veil and free gills. The stem is often inserted in a cup or socket. The larger species are edible. A. EPIDERMIS DRY. III. Agaricus (Lepiota) procerus. One-fifth natural size. * Proceri (from the typical species of the group, A. procerus). Ring proper, movable, distinct from the volva. The whole fungus when young enclosed in an entire LEUCOSPORI. 13 volva which is at length ruptured all round, and the lower part disappears Lepiota. in the bulb of the stem, while the calyptra, which is connate with the pileus, breaks up into scales. Stem not sheathed with the volva, as in the following group, encircled at the apex with a (broad, depressed, Epicr.) cartilaginous collar ; hence the gills are free and remote. Edible. ** Clypeolarii (A. clypeolarius). Ring proper, fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil which clothes the stem. The extended stem and pileus are from the first distinct ; hence the former is clothed below the ring by the universal veil, and the latter has the cuticle torn into scales or flocci. There is a non- cartilaginous prominent collar encircling the top of the stem ; hence the gills are commonly less remote than in the preceding group. Flesh soft. Odour and taste unpleasant, like those of radishes. *** Annulosi. King superior, fixed, somewhat persistent, universal veil adnate to the pileus. Stem from the first extended. Collar wanting or similar in texture to the flesh of the pileus. **** Granulosi (A. granulosus}. Universal veil sheathing the stem and at first extending continuously from the stem to the pileus, but rupt^lred at length and forming an inferior ring. Pileus granulose or warty. Hymenophore less distinct from the stem than in the rest of the Lepiotae. ***** Mesomorphi (A. mesomorphus). Smaller, slender, stem fistulose, pileus dry, cuticle entire, neither granulose nor torn as in Clypeolarii. B. CUTICLE viscous, CONTINUOUS. A. EPIDERMIS DRY. * Proceri. Ring proper, movable, 6^. 18. A. procerus Scop. Pileus 10-20 cent. (4-8 in.) and more broad, fleshy, at first ovato-acorn-shaped, then campanulate and flattening, with a broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, the continuous cuticle fuscous ; otherwise the cuticle is broken up into broad, thick, becoming plane, at length separating scales, whence the whit- ish surface is variegated-fuscous ; flesh very soft-cottony, tough, white, unchangeable. Stem a span long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) thick, perfectly cylindrical with exception of the bulboso-inflated base, firm, somewhat cartilaginous, variegated with adpressed fuscous scales, deeply sunk at the apex in the cup of the pileus ; with a definite internal tube, which is at first stuffed with lax spider-web fibrils. Ring quite distinct from the stem, continuous with the cuticle of the pileus when young (and adnexed at the apex of the stem, but there very thin), free when the pileus is expanded, with a tough cartilaginous swollen base, hence movable and persist- ent. Gills not only absolutely free, but far remote from the stem with a broad, piano-depressed, cartilaginous collar, crowded, ventri- cose, broader in front, soft, whitish, sometimes becoming fuscous at the edge. The gills vary, whitish, light-yellowish, flesh-coloured, black-margined. Odour pleasant. 14 AGARICUS. Lepiota. In woods, chiefly fir, and pastures. Common. July-Oct. Epidermis of pileus resembling brown shaggy leather. M.J.B. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 14-22x10-12 mk. K, 16-18x10-12 mk. B. 3Xi6mk. W.G.S. Edible (Clus. Esc. gen. 18 c.) ; one of the most deli- cate species, although the flesh is slightly tough. It makes exceedingly good ketchup. Celebrated in Italy and France as an edible species, but reckoned by some to be inferior to the common mushroom (A. campestris). Name — procerus, tall. Known as the " parasol mushroom," from its shape and prob- ably from the ring being movable like that of an umbrella-stick. Scop. Cam. p. 418. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 19. Hym. Eur. p. 29. Sverig. alt. Sv. t. 3. Berk. Out. p. 92. C. Hbk. n. 16. Ilhist. PL 21. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 14. Schceff. t. 22, 23. Fl. Dan. t. 772. Curt. Lond. t. 169. Sow. t. 190. Badh. t. 2. Hussey \. t. 88. Bull. t. 78, 583. Krombh. t. 24. /. 1-12. Hartz. t. 46. Vivian t. 8. Vittad. t. 24. 19. A. rachodes Vitt. — Pileus very fleshy, but very soft when full grown, globose then flattened or depressed, at first incrusted with a thick, rigid, even, very smooth, bay-brown, wholly continu- ous cuticle, which remains entire at the disc but otherwise soon becomes elegantly reticulated with cracks ; these very readily separate into persistent, polygonal, concentric scales, which are revolute at the margin and attached to the surface with beautifully radiating fibres, the surface remaining coarsely fibrilloso-tomen- tose; flesh white, immediately becoming sajfr on-red when broken, easily separating from the apex of the distinct stem, which is encircled with a prominent collar. Stem stout, at the first marginato-bulbous ; conical when young, then elongated, attenu- ated upwards, as much as a span long, very robust, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, and more at the base, always even, and without a trace of scales or even of fibrils although the appearance is obsoletely silky, wholly whitish, hollow within, stuffed with spider-web threads, the walls remarkably and coarsely fibrous. Ring mov- able, adhering longer to the margin of the pileus than to the apex of the stem, hence rayed with fibres at the circumference, clothed beneath with one or two zones of scales. Gills very remote, lanceolate or ventricose at the middle, crowded, whitish, some- times reddening. The pileus is tomentose and whitish under the cuticle. The margin of the bulb quickly vanishes. The ring, like that of A. (Psalliota) arvensis, is as it were duplicate. Gregarious, 2-3 individuals often connate at the base. A variety occurs in hothouses. In woods, chiefly fir, old thatch, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Easily distinguished from A. procerus by its more globose pileus, by the deeper and softer covering, and by the flesh becoming saffron-red. Reckoned edible. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 10-12 x 6-7 mk. K.; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — pcueo?, a ragged, tattered garment. From the ragged covering of the pileus. Vittad. Fung. mang. p. 158. t. 20. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 20. Hym. Eur. p. 29. Berk. Out. p. 92. /. 3. f. 6. C. Hbk. n. 17. Illust. PL 22. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 15. Hussey ii. t. 38. Price f. 104. LEUCOSPORI. 15 * A. rachodes puellaris Fr. — A pretty form, wholly constant, Lepiota. departing- from the typical form in being half the size, shining white, with the pileus floccoso-squamose. In woods, &c., not uncommon. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 285. Hym. Eur. p. 29. B. & Br. n. 1632. 20. A. excoriatus Schaeff. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, some- times of one colour whitish, sometimes brown at the disc, fleshy, soft, globose then expanded, at length becoming plane, gibbous rather than umbonate at the middle, cuticle very thin, sometimes even, persistent, and slightly silky, sometimes broken up into min- ute squamules, more or less peeled towards the margin ; flesh soft, white, unchangeable. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, hollow, with spider-web threads within, wholly equal or only obsoletely bulbous (the bulb, when present, buried in the soil), even, rather smooth, quite unspotted, white. Ring movable. Gills free, but not very remote from the stem, soft, white. Constantly smaller than A. procerus and A. rachodes, lower in stature, with the thin cuticle not so much torn. The stem is less cartilaginous than that of A. procerus, but remarkably distinct from the pileus. The ring is smaller, tougher, less movable, and here and there vanishing. In woods, &c. Uncommon. May-Oct. Edible ; said to be better than its allies. According to Berkeley the taste is like that of Marasmius oreades. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 14-16x9-11 mk. K.; 14x9 mk. IV. G.S. Name — ex, and corium, skin. From the pileus being peeled towards the margin. Schccff. t. 18, 19. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 21. Hym. Eur. p. 30. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 18. Berk. Out. p. 92. C. Hbk. n. 18. Illust. PI. 23. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 16. Vivian t. 49. Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 35. Ventur. t. 7. Letell. t. 610. Krombh. t. 24. /. 24-30. 21. A. gracilentus Krombh. — Pileus slightly fleshy, at the first ovate, then campanulate, and at length flattened, slightly umbo- nate or rather gibbous, with a thin, closely adnate, fuscous cuticle, which breaks up into broad, adpressed, persistent scales, so that the whitish pileus &p\>ta.rs fuscous-spotted; flesh white, unchange- able. Stem 12.5-15 (5-6 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, hol- low, fibrillose with spider-web threads within, slightly bulbous, otherwise equal, obsoletely scaly, whitish. Ring very laxly woven, floccose, not only easily free, but also separating and vanishing, Gills remote, very broad, very crowded, whitish, often dingy at the edge, sometimes greenish. Stature about that of A. procerus, but the stem is more slender, and the pileus smaller and thinner. The chief difference lies in the thin fugacious ring. In pastures. Rare. 1 6 AGARICUS. Lepiota. ^ot poisonous, but rejected as food. Spores 11x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — gracilis, slender. Krombh.t. 24. f. 13, 14. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 21. Hym. Eur. p. 30. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. n. 19. Illust. PI. 28. 22. A. mastoideus Fr.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, slightly fleshy, ovate then flattened, remarkably breast- shaped with an acute umbo, at the first continuous and becoming fuscous ; the cuticle, however, is soon torn into minute, thin or nipple-shaped, persistent scales, making the pileus then whitish and variegated fuscous; flesh thin, soft, whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick at the base, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick at the apex, almost equally attenuated from the base to the apex, cartilaginous, tough and flexible, whitish, obsoletely squamulose but not spotted below the entire (not torn), movable ring, even above it. Gills very remote, lanceolate, very crowded, soft, pure white. The ring is formed after the same type as that of preceding species. The gills are of the same type as those of A. procerus, with a cartilaginous collar in which the stem is sunk. In woods. King's Cliffe, &c. Oct. Edible, but so thin in flesh as to be worthless. Name— ^ao-Tos, breast, elSos, shape. Breast-shaped. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 22. Hym. Eur. p. 30. Berk. Out. p. 93. Mag. Zool. & Bot. i. t. 2./. i. C. Hbk. n. 50. Illust. PL 24. Fl. Dan. t. 2144. Letell. t. 610; F.D.E. ** Clypeolarii. Ring proper, fixed, &*c. 23. A. Friesii Lasch. — Pileus ferruginous - fuscous, fleshy, soft, torn into adpressed, tomentose scales. Stem hollow, with a pith of a spider-web nature, somewhat bulbous, scaly; the supe- rior ring pendulous, equal. Gills somewhat remote, linear, very crowded, branched. Almost the stature of A. procerus, handsome, with a heavy odour. On sawdust. King's Lynn. Name— after Elias Fries. Lasch, Linn. iii. n. 9. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31. Monogr. ii. p. 344. * A. acutesquamosus Weinm. — Pileus as much as 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, pale ferruginous, fleshy, hemispherical then expanded, convex, very obtuse, the cuticle adpressedly tomentose and sprinkled 'with minute, sharp-pointed, fuscous, easily separat- ing warts, which leave areolas on the surface ; then the surface itself splits open showing the white pileus, variegated with adnate warty patches, which are acute and squarrose at the disc, floccose, adpressed and paler towards the margin ; flesh moderately thick, very white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent. LEUCOSPORI. 17 (i in.) thick, stout, the somewhat bulbous base solid, otherwise Lepiota. hollow, stuffed with a lax spider-web pith, elastic, attenuated up- wards, adpressedly fibrilloso-silky and white, but becoming fer- ruginous below with the fibrils, adorned with areolated scales arranged spirally from the remains of the universal veil. Ring large, white, at length becoming yellow, at first silky, continuous with the margin of the pileus, externally sprinkled, chiefly towards the margin, with vernicose patches of the exterior veil ; then pen- dulous from the apex of the stem, membranaceous but very soft and very large, even, remaining adfixed, adhering by the silky down of the stem. Gills quite free from the stem, united by a collar encircling the stem, but very approximate, lanceolate, as much as 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad when full grown, very crowded, shining white. The margin of the pileus when young is fimbriate, and occasionally appen- diculate with the torn ring. The stem is thicker in proportion as it is shorter. The flesh is firmer than that of its allies. A most distinguished species ; soli- tary or 2-3 individuals connate at the base. The open patches, left on the floccose ground of the pileus are almost after the type of Lycoperdon gemma- turn. Somewhat inodorous. The pileus varies furfuraceous (Krombh. t. 29. /. 18-21.) On soil in gardens and hotbeds. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 8-10x2-3 mk. B.; 3x6 mk. W. G.S. Name — asutus, sharp, squama, a scale. Weinm. Syll. i. p. 70. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 22. Hym. Eur. p. 31. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. n. 21. Illust. PL 14. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 17. Hussey ii. /. 5. A. Mariae Klotsch Linn. vii. t. 8. Berk. Eng. Fl. \. p. 4. 24. A. Badhami B. & Br.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, at first campanulate, obtuse, at length expanded, often depressed and umbonate, hispid, with minute, velvety, fuliginous scales, but sometimes entirely fuliginous without any distinct scales. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) high, 6-12 mm. (%-% in.) inch or more thick, attenuated above, bulbous below, white, silky or floccoso-scaly, stuffed with cottony threads. Ring firm, erect and deflexed, more or less movable beneath, frequently clothed with dingy granules. Gills truly remote, ventricose, rather broad. The whole plant when wounded becomes saffron-blood-red. Flesh tolerably compact. Resembling some forms of A. clypeolarius, but more robust. In some specimens the surface is decidedly scaly, in others simply velvety. The margin often projects beyond the gills, and is delicately silky and fimbriated. The stem, though bulbous, is by no means marginate. Smell rather disagreeable. Under yew-trees. Apethorpe, &c. Sept. Spores elliptic, 8 mk. B. & Br.; 6 x 3 mk. W.G.S. Name — after C. D. Badham, M.D. B. 6s Br. n. 664. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. n. 23. Illust. PL 25. Saund. & Sm. t. 35.7. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31. B 1 8 AGARICUS. Lepiota. 25. A. meleagris Sow.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fawn-coloured, fleshy, thin, at first ovate or hemispherical, very obtuse, minutely tomentose and warty, then expanded, somewhat campanulate, dotted with minute brown scales ; flesh turning red. Stem stuffed with cottony threads, fusiform then nearly equal, of the same colour, here and there tinged with yellow, most minutely squamulose. Ring soon ruptured, very fugacious. Gills remote, distant, rounded behind, sometimes connected, white. The whole plant changes in drying, or when cut, to a beautiful red. Closely allied to A, clypeolarius. Two forms occur which run into each other, the less typical of which has a campanulate obtuse pileus, and is of a darker tint when dry. In the variety the gills are sometimes lemon-coloured. In hothouses on spent tan. Rare. May-Oct. Spores 5x8 mk. W.P. Name — meleagris, a guinea-fowl. From the spotting. Sow. t. 171. B. &• Br. n. 986*. C. Hbk. n. 24. Illust. PL 26. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 18. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31. Tricholoma Berk. Out. p. 101. 26. A. biornatus B. & Br. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad-, fleshy, convex, broadly campanulate, white, silky, sprinkled with minute dark-red punctiform scales (without striae); flesh white, or slightly tinged with yellow. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) high, 8 mm. (^ in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, oblique, attenuated at the base, rooting, spotted with red, reddish within. Ring descending, spotted at the edge like the pileus. Gills approximate, ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. The whole plant becomes dark in drying. In melon-frame. Arthingworth, 1876. July. Spores 10 x 8 mk. B. & Br. Name— bis, twice, orno, to adorn. From the twofold colouring. B. & Br. Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 502. Ann. Nat. Hist. n. 1633. C. Illust. PL 37. 27. A. hispidus Lasch. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, umber-fuscous, fleshy, soft, hemispherical then expanded, umbo- nate, at the very first tomentose from the universal veil, the down separating into papillae or scales ; flesh thin, white, unchangeable. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, tubular, but stuffed with fibrils internally, attenuated upwards, densely woolly-scaly from the universal veil clothing the stem as far as the superior, membranaceous, reflexed ring, fuscous. Gills free, approximate, with a prominent collar encircling the stem, crowded, ventricose, simple, white. The pileus is not at first evened and continuous as in A. clypeolarius, &c. The down separates into scales almost like those of A. acutesquamosris. Not becoming red when broken like A. meleagris, &c. Odour somewhat of radish. LEUCOSPORI. 19 In woods, chiefly among pine-leaves. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Lepiota. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus, approaching that of A. cristatus. B. &* Br. Name — hispidus, rough. Lasch. n. 407. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 24. Hym. Eur. p. 32. Icon. t. 14. /. i. B. & Br. n. 901. C. Hbk. n. 22. lilust. PL 27. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 19. 28. A. clypeolarius Bull.— Typical form. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, beautiful tan-colour, slightly fleshy, at first acorn- shaped, even, becoming tawny at the apex, wholly continuous, though silky-soft, slightly crusted, with thick marginal down, which then separates into a superior ring adhering to the stem ; then campanulate and flattened, with a tawny umbo, otherwise wholly broken up into floccose scales, very soft; flesh floccoso- soft, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, white, watery when moist. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with a dis- tinct floccose-spider-web pith, soon hollow, equal or slightly thickened at the base, soft, fragile ; at first continuously scaly- squarrose from the yellowish veil being broken up into patches ; the floccose scales easily separate, so that the stem is somewhat naked, fibrillose, pallid, striate at the apex above the fugacious ring. Gills free, approximate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, soft, crowded, shin- ing white or becoming yellow. Odour weak, often scarcely any. It is so very changeable, that it is scarcely possible to include all its forms under a common description. The scales on the pileus vary yellow, rufescent, ferruginous, and the gills white, yellowish. In shady pine-woods a form occurs with white-floccose-woolly stem, pileus wholly woolly with exception of the continuous disc, sometimes yellowish, sometimes becoming pale. In marshy thickets there is a form with the squa- mulose pileus rose-coloured. In very shady beech-wood, on rotten wet leaves, a more slender form occurs, with a floccoso-squamulose stem, and white pileus elegantly variegated with concentric fuscous scales. Var. pratensis Bull, is floccose only below the fibrillose ring. There are many forms in hothouses departing from the type, as Fl. Dan. t. 1732. In woods, shaded borders, and hothouses. Uncommon. Oct.- Nov. Spores oblong, uniguttate, 16-20 x 5-6 mk. K.; 18-20x4-5 mk. B. Name — clypeus, a shield. Bull. t. 405, 506. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 24. Hym. Eur. p. 32. Icon. t. 14. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 25. Illust. PL 38. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 20. Tratt. Austr. t. 26. 29. A. metulsesporus B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, white, rather fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, sulcate, with small pallid scales, margin appendiculate. Stem 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal or slightly clavate, pallid, lemon-coloured within. Gills approximate, ven- tricose, nearly 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. In external characters it approaches A. clypeolarius, but it is at once dis- tinguished by the length of its spores. Mycelium thread-like. 20 AGARICUS. Lepiota. Among- moss in fir wood. Rare. Oct. Spores nine-pin-shaped when seen from the back, obliquely clavate from the side. 15 mk. B. 6* Br. ; 15-20x4-6, W.P. Name — metula, an obelisk. From the shape of the spores. B. 6* Br. Ceylon Fungi, Linn. Journ. xi. /. 512. Ann. Nat. Hist. n. 1182. t. iS.f. 5 spores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 32. 30. A. cristatus A. & S.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.) some- times 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, dry, smooth, but the cuticle separat- ing into darker granulose squamules on the whitish ground ; flesh thin, white. Stem 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, 3 mm. (i>£ lin.) rarely more thick, fistulose, equal, fragile, silky-fibrillose, not scaly, silvery-white or rufescent. Ring continuous with the universal scanty veil, hence it appears inferior, at first erect-spreading, then torn. Gills free, remote, very crowded, at length plane, shining white. It does not vary much except in the colour of the squamules on the pileus. Smaller and firmer than A. clypeolarius, with a strong odour of radish. In fields, lawns, gardens, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Disc often fuscous-reddish. Spores ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4-5 mk. K. ; 6-8 x 2-3 B. Name — crista, a tuft, crest. Alb. &" Schw. p. 145. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 25. Hym. Eur. p. 32. Berk. Out. p. 94. /. 3. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 26. Illust. PI. 29. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 21. Grev. t. 176. Hussey i. t. 48. Price f. 105. Krombh. t. 25. /. 26-30. A. subantiquatus Batsch f. 205. 31. A. ermineus Fr. — Pileus 5-6 cent. (2-2 X in.) broad, white, slightly fleshy, campanulate then soon flattened, only a little gib- bous at the prominent, even, deeper-coloured disc, dry, smooth and becoming even, then silky-fibrillose towards the margin; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, very fragile, dry, somewhat fibrillose, the mem- branaceous ring at length torn and fugacious. Gills free, but reaching the stem, by no means remote, very obtuse at both ends, somewhat crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, shining white. Somewhat gregarious, very fragile, inodorous, with the taste of radish. In grassy places in woods, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Nov. Spores pruniform, guttate, granular, 11-12 mk. Q. Name — ermine, from its soft white appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 26. Hym. Eur. p. 33. Sv. Bot. t. 596. / i. B. & Br. n. 1184. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vi. p. 213. C. Illust. PL 40. *** Annulosi. Ring superior, fixed, &*<:. 32. A. Vittadinii Fr.— Pileus whitish, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, covered over with warty, dense, pointed scales. Stem LEUCOSPORI. 21 solid, stout, cylindrical, with many concentric scaly-squarrose Lepiota. zones. Ring superior, large. Gills free, ventricose, thick, be- coming green. Very handsome, large, robust. Intermediate between Amanita and Lepiota. In groves. Rare. Poisonous. Name — after Vittadini. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 33. Berk. Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 27. Illust. PI. 36. Hussey i. t. 85. Amanita Vittadini Morett. Bot. Ital. t. i. Vittad. Aman. t. i. Krombh. t. 27. 33. A. holosericeus Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, whitish or clay-white, fleshy, soft, convex then expanded, rather plane, obtuse, floccoso-silky, somewhat fibrillose, becoming even, fragile, disc by no means gibbous, and wholly of the same colour ; margin involute when young ; flesh soft, white. Stem 6-10 cent. (2%- 4 in.) long, 12 mm. (# in.) and more thick, solid, bulbous and not rooted at the base, soft, fragile, silky-fibrillose, whitish. Ring superior, membranaceous, large, soft, pendulous, the mar- gin again ascending. Gills wholly free, broad, ventricose, crowd- ed, becoming pale-white. A species well marked from all others. Inodorous. On soil in flower-beds. Staplehurst, Kent. Spores 6x9 mk. VV. G.S. Name — oAos, entire, oTjpucos, silken. Wholly- silky. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 26. Hym. Eur. p. 34. C. Hbk. n. 28. Illust. PL 41. Saund. & Sm. t. 23. f. I. 34. A. naucinus Fr.— Pileus 2. 5-4 cent. (i-i>£ in.) broad, white, the disc of the same colour, fleshy, soft, gibbous or obtusely um- bonate when flattened, even, the thin cuticle splitting up into gran- ules. Stem 4-7. 5 cent (1^-3 in.) long, stuffed, at length somewhat hollow, but without a definite tube, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, fibrillose, unspotted, white. Ring superior, tender, but persistent, adhering to the stem, at length reflexed. Gills free, approximate, crowded, ventricose, soft, white. There is a prominent collar, as in the Clypeolarii, embracing the stem. Stat- ure and appearance of A. excoriatus, but commonly smaller, the superior ring adfixed, &c. A. leucothites Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 40 with reddening gills seems a variety of this. In fields. Rare. Sometimes delicate tan, the gills assuming a dirty-pink hue. The large white spores are very characteristic. It may be confounded very easily with A. cretaceus, M.J.B. Edible; taste mild, pleasant. Name—naucum (or nucinus, nux), a nut-shell. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 27. Hym. Eur. p. 34. Berk. Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 29. Illust. PL 15. Vent. t. 48. /. 6. A. sphaero- sporus Krombh. t. 24. f. 20-23. 22 AGARICUS. Lepiota. 35. A. cepaestipes Sow. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, when campanulate often higher, white or yellow, rarely becoming fus- cous, somewhat membranaceous, slightly fleshy only at the disc, at the first obtusely conical then hood-shaped, soon campanulate, umbonate, clothed with delicate, plumose, separating flocci. Stem at first short, then elongated, 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick at the base, scarcely exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) at the apex, fistulose, at the first stuffed with spider-web threads, attenuated from the bulbous base, clothed ivithflocci which may be rubbed off. Ring separating-free, fugacious. Gills free, attenuated at both ends, at length remote (but distinct without a cartilagin- ous collar), very crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. Commonly in a dense band. The flocci on the pileus are the remains of the universal floccose veil. Substance very soft and delicate. From the entire nature and covering of the pileus, it is like a Coprinus drying up. According to Sowerby bright sulphur-yellow. On tan and leaves in hothouses. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Fine specimens of the white form, exactly according with Bulliard's A. creta- ceus have been gathered, B. <5r> Br. Spores 8x4 mk. W. G. S. ; var. cretaceus, 5x7 mk. IV. P. Name — cepa, onion, stipes, stem. Sow. t. 2. Fr. Mono- gr. i. p. 27. Hym. Eur. p. 35. Berk. Out. p. 95. B. 6* Br. n. 1500*. C. Hbk. n. 30. Illust. PL 5. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 22. Var. A. A. creta- ceus Bull. t. 374. Grev. t. 333. FL Dan. t. 1798 (diminutive). Var. B. A. luteus (Bolt. t. 50?) Wither, iv. p. 233. A. rlos sulphuris Schnitz. ap. Sturm 31. /. i. 36. A. licmophorus B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, lemon-yellow, membranaceous, plane, depressed, deeply sulcate up to the central disc, margin crenate. Stem 9 cent. ($% in.) long, fistulose, slender, attenuated upwards, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick in the centre, lemon-yellow, tomentose at the base ; ring about half-way up. Gills remote, slightly arched, distant, interstices veined, shining white. Occasionally in our hothouses, never in the open air. On the ground. Sept. Spores 12 mk. long, B. 6* Br. Name — AIK/OW, a winnowing fan, <£e'pc. 37. A. carcharias Pers.— Pileus flesh-coloured, fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate, granulose. Stem stuffed then hollow, somewhat bulbous, squamulose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnexed, shining white. LEUCOSPORI. 23 In grassy pine wood. Frequent. Sept. Lepiota. Taste bitter according to Persoon, nauseous according to Fries. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 3-4 or 4x3 mk. K. ; 2-4x2-3 mk. B. Name s, dog-fish or shark, sharp-toothed. Probably from the skin. Pers. Syn. p. 263. Ic. pict. t. 5. /. 1-3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. 5. My col. Scot. n. 23. C. lllust. PI. 42. Brign. Neap. t. 27. /. 4. A. ramentaceus Krombh. t. 25. f. 21-25. Var- alba. A. cristatus Hartz. t. 44. /. 2. 38. A. cinnabarinus A. & S.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, persistently cinnabar-colour, fleshy, soon flattened, obtuse, granu- loso-furfuraceous, fimbriate at the margin ; flesh pallid. Stem stuffed, somewhat bulbous, red-scaly below the inferior ring. Gills free, lanceolate, white. Taste mild. In fir wood. Rare. New Pitsligo, 1873. Sept. Easily identified by its beautiful shape and splendid colour. Name — cin- nabaris, dragon's blood. From the colour. A. granulosus var. cinnabarinus Alb. 6= Schw. p. 147. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. Monogr. i. p. 29. B. fir3 Br. n. 1402. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 24. *A. Terreii B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, bright tawny, somewhat hemispherical, pulverulent, roughened with minute warts. Stem somewhat equal, often cylindrical, adorned below the ring with furfuraceous scales of the same colour as the pileus. Ring at length torn into fragments. Gills remote, nar- row, white, not branched. It approaches A. granulosus on one side and A. acutesquamosus on the other, but is nearer to the latter than the former. The spores of A. granulosus are slightly larger, those of A. acutesquamosus are rather longer, and at the same time narrower. On sandy ground. Forres. Gills separating from the stem. Taste insipid. Spores 5x4 mk. B. fir1 Br. \ 2x3 mk. W.G.S. Name— after Michael Terry. B. & Br. n. 1183. Saund. & Sm. t. 35. /. 1-5. S. Mycol. Scot, under n. 24. 39. A. granulosus Batsch. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ferrugi- nous or brown-rufous becoming pale-hoary when dry, fleshy, con- vex then flattened, obtusely umbonate, furfuraceo-granular, here and there rugoso-plicate ; flesh reddish white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed-hollow, somewhat equal, minutely squamulose. Gills slightly adnexed, white. Singular among Lepiotce. The covering, which is scaly on the stem as far as the ring, but granulose on the pileus, represents a universal veil, at the first wholly continuous. The colour of the stem is more rarely violaceous. In woods and open grassy places. Very common. July-Nov. 24 AGARICUS. Lepiota. The stem is of the same colour as the pileus as far as the ring. The wrinkles on the pileus often radiate beautifully from the centre about half-way across. Spores 5-6x3 mk. B. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Na.me—granosus, full of grains. Covered with small grains. Batsch t. 6.f. 24. Fr. Hym. Eur.p. 36. Monogr. i. p. 28. Berk. Out. p. 95. C. Hbk. n. 31. Illust. PL 18. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 25. Hartz. t. 44. /. i. Var. rufescens, a curious form, quite pure white at first, then partially turn- ing red, and in drying acquiring everywhere a rufous tint. Bristol. B. &> Br. n. 1834. 40. A. amianthinus Scop. — Pileus ochraceous, somewhat fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, furfuraceo-granulose ; flesh yellow. Stem equal, slender, squamulose. Ring fugacious. Gills adnate, crowded, white then light-yellowish. Smaller and thinner than A. gramtlosus, &c.( from which it is distinguished by the adnate gills and yellow flesh especially of the stem. In woods. Uncommon. Aug. Name — a/uu'ai/ro?, undefiled. Unspotted. Scop. Cam. ii. p. 434. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 37. Monogr. i. p. 29. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 26. C. Illust. PL 213. A. flavofloccosus Batsch f. 97. A. croceus Bolt. t. 51. /. 2. Sow. t. 19. A. ochraceus Bull. t. 362, 530. A. muricatus Fl. Dan. t. 1015. A. granulo- sus var. Alb. &> Schw. Grev. t. 104. Hussey i. t. 45. Hartz. t. 4. f. 2. Krombh. t. i./. 12. Hoffm. t. 13. /. i. Var. Broadwoodise B. & Br.— Pileus yellow, hemispherical, delicately tomentose, margin inflexed. Stem equal and as well as the ring furfuraceous with squamules. Gills adnate, now and then decurrent, shining white. A very distinct variety, if not species. B. & Br. Lyne, Sussex. Name — after Miss S. Broadwood. B. 6s Br. n. 1730*. 41. A. polystictus Berk.— Pileus 4 cent. (i*4 in.) broad, ex- panded, not at all campanulate, broadly and obtusely umbonate ; flesh thick in the centre, firm and tough, the epidermis broken into minute flat scales of a rich red-brown. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 9 mm. (ft in.) thick in the middle, hollow, stuffed with cottony threads, attenuated at the base. Gills quite free, unequal, rounded before and behind, broad, ventricose, crowded, white with a slight yellowish tinge. Ring fugacious, attached in minute portions to the edge of the pileus. The stem is divided into two distinct portions ; the upper one silky of a pinkish hue, the lower scaly like the pileus, but the scales browner ; furnished with many branched fibrous roots. Inodorous and insipid. In grassy places. Uncommon. Autumn. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S.; 3X5mk. W.P. Name — iroAvs, many, OTIKTO?, spotted. Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 9. Out. p. 95. C. Hbk. n. 32. Illust. PL 30. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 27. Saund. fr Sm. t. 23. /. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 37- LEUCOSPORI. 25 ***** Mesomorphi. Smaller, slender, &C. Lepiota. 42. A. sistratus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ m-) broad when flattened, whitish, often darker at the disc, turning light-yellowish or flesh-colour, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and obsoletely umbonate, pruinate with shining atoms; flesh thin, soft, fragile, whitish. Stem 5-7. 5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, scarcely stuffed within with lax spider- web fibrils, equal, silky fibrillosc and pruinate, white. Ring fib- rillose, torn, appendiculate round the margin ofthepileiis, very fuga- cious. Gills free, but reaching the stem, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. Thin, delicate, fragile. Nearest to A. mesomorphus Bull, in natural affinity. On sandy ground. Forres. Remarkable for the filamentous ring. B. &> Br. Name — sistrum, a rattle used in the rites of Isis. From some fancied resemblance in form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 30. Hym. Eur. p. 37. Icon. t. 15. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1185. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 28. C. Illust. PL 85. 43. A. seminudus Lasch. —Pileus whitish or flesh -colour, slightly fleshy, campanulato-expanded, umbonate, floccoso-mealy, at length naked, appendiculate at the margin with the torn veil. Stem fistulose, thin, mealy. Gills reaching the stem, thin, white. Very thin, delicate. In woods. King's Lynn, &c. Spores 4x2 mk. B. & Br. Name — semi, half, nudus, naked. From the stem remaining mealy while the pileus becomes naked. Lasch. Linn. n. 17. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 38. B. & Br. n. 1634, 1836. C. Illust. PL 19. a. 44. A. Bucknalli B. & Br.— Pileus nearly 2.5 (i in.) broad, white, sprinkled with lilac dust, campanulate then convex. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, dilated at the base, sprinkled downwards with lilac dust. Gills scarcely reaching the margin, white. Smell strong of gas-tar. On the ground. Bristol. Spores 8x3 mk. B. 6s Br. Name — after Cedric Bucknall. B. & Br. n. 1836. C. Illust. PL 19. b. 45. A. mesomorphus Bull.— Pileus reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, generally less, becoming yellow or whitish, slightly fleshy, very thin, campanulate then expanded, naked, dry, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth, of the same colour as 26 AGARICUS. Lepiota. the pileus. Ring continuous with the cuticle of the pileus and stem, at first entire, spreading. Gills free, crowded, ventricose, white. On the ground in woods. Hereford, &c. Autumn. The English plant agrees in everything with that of Bulliard, except in the less persistent ring, which, however, is sometimes attached to the stem, some- times to the edge of the pileus. B. & Br. Name — /ueo-os, middle, nop^r), form. Intermediate in form. Bull. t. 506. f. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 30. Hym. Eur. p. 38. B. & Br. n. 1731. C. Illust. PL 85. B. B. CUTICLE OF PILEUS VISCOUS, CONTINUOUS. 46. A. medullatus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 cent. (1^-2% in.) broad, white, varying with the disc grey, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, umbonate, even, smooth, viscous, soft ; flesh soft, watery. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, the thick exterior coat easily separable from the interior, distinct, firm, at length fistulose tube, equal, fragile, dry, silky and squamulose below the veil, striate at the apex. Ring incomplete, becoming torn, commonly appendiculate at the margin of the pileus which hence appears as if toothtd-Jim&riate, scarcely prominent on the stem. Gills quite free, broader in front, ventricose, crowded, plane, shining white. Odour of radish. Flesh almost that of A. clypeolarius. In fir wood. Rare. Glamis, 1874. Oct. Easily distinguished by the internal separable tube of the stem. Name — medulla, pith. From the pith-like centre of the stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 32. Hym. Eur. p. 38. Icon. t. i6./. 2. B. dr" Br. n. 1732. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 29. C. Illust. 44. 47. A. gloiodermus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (\y2 in.) broad, or little more, brownish-red, slightly fleshy, campanulate then con- vex, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, smooth, smeared -with thin gluten; flesh soft, white. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with spider-web threads^ equal, dry, soft, whitish, externally Jloccoso- scaly as far as the incomplete torn ring, naked, however, above it, whitish or rufescent. Gills free, approximate, ventricose, broad, crowded, shining white, not spotted. Like A. delicatus it holds a middle place between mesomorphi and the typical species of this division (B), for the pileus is viscous, but the stem dry and clothed with flocci. It resembles A. clypeolarius, but the pileus is always con- tinuous, smooth, viscous. LEUCOSPORI. 27 In thickets. Uncommon. July-Sept. Lepiota. Name — yAotos, clammy, Sep^a, skin. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 39. Icon. t. 15. / i. Berk. Out. p. 95. B. & Br. n. 785. C. Hbk. n. 33. Illust. PL 118. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 30. 48. A. delicatus Fr. — Pileus i cent. (X in.) broad, rufescent or becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, even, smooth, viscous, in nowise granulose. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick not taking into account the &z.r\se\y floccoso-scaly and tomentose covering, fistulose, equal, dry, whitish. Ring entire, membranaceous, dry, densely floccoso-scaly. Gills free, crowded, thin, ventricose, shining white. Very thin and delicate ; stature that of A. mesomorphus, but very sufficiently distinct from it in the pileus being viscous and the stem clothed with flocci. A. pallidus, pileus becoming light-yellow or pale rose-colour. B. vaporariorum, pileus rufescent, ring more floccose and here and there incomplete. Var. B. approaches A. gloiodermus. About old stumps. Powerscourt, Wicklow, 1867. Sept. A stout form. Pileus hemispherical, obtuse, rivulose, viscid, smooth, pallid, 2.5 cent, (i in.) across ; stem 12 mm. (% in.) high, 6 mm. (J^ in.) thick, trans- versely punctate, squamulose, stuffed with flocci, white above ; veil floccose, slightly appendiculate ; gills free, rounded behind, approximate, pallid. The veil is really double, floccose, covered with scaly particles. Taste like that of Polyporus squamosus. B. &* Br. Name — delicatus, tender, delicate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 39. Icon. t. 15. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1186. C. Illust. PL 1 1 8. 49. A. illinitus Fr.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in-) broad, white, the umbo often becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, smooth, viscous, soft, at length fragile, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed when young, soon hollow, equal, cylindrical, fragile, by no means floccose or scaly, but besmeared with gluten, slippery. Gills free, at length remote, crowded, soft, somewhat connected by veins, shining white. The gluten of the stem is a species of veil, at the first continuous with the gluten of the pileus, but ruptured when the pileus is expanded, leaving upon the stem an obsolete not prominent ring, above which the stem is dry. Distin- guished from all others by the glutinous stem. There is a clay-coloured or ochraceous variety with the pileus even, and the margin fimbriated. In woods, &c. Penzance. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 4-6 mk. K. Name — illino, to smear over ; illitus and illinitus, smeared with gluten. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 32. Hym. Eur. p. 39. Icon. t. i6.f. i. B. & Br. n. 1990. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 13. 28 AGARICUS. Lepiota. 50. Georginse Smith. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (X-1 in-) broad, white, slightly fleshy, fragile, at first campanulate then expanded, covered with a minute, dense, viscid pruinosity, which, as well as the white flesh, instantly changes to crimson when touched ; margin at length striate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, slightly attenu- ated upwards, also covered externally with minute, viscid pruin- osity, changing to crimson when touched. Ring evanescent. Gills free, very thin, moderately distant, somewhat ventricose, white, the edge becoming crimson when touched. On mosses in a cool fernery. Chelsea. Spores 7x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Miss Georgina E. Johnstone. Smith Seem. Journ. Bot. ix. (1871), p. i. t. 112. Grevillea, i. p. 55. C. Illust. PL 132. Armiiiaria. Subgenus III. ARMILLABIA (armilla, a ring). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 26. Hymenophore continuous with the stem ; universal v«gr^sB*-. ve^ wanting, partial one annular, ^^^Stc^m sometimes only indicated by the ^Ijljjjjlg H^^B^ scales which clothe the stem ter- minating in the form of a ring. // brings together species which are separated from all the following Leucospori on account of the veil. On account of the disappearance of the universal veil the species of the fourth group of the Amanitcs are apt to be looked for here. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 40. There are three types ; the first agreeing in every respect except the ringed stem with the Tricholomata, the second with the Clitocybae and the third with the Collybise. Most of the species grow on the ground and are rare. Their qualities are doubtful. * Tricholomata subannulata. Gills sinuato-adnexed, stem fleshy, similar in substance to the pileus. ** Clitocybae annulatae. Gills attenuated behind, more or less decurrent "without a sinus, stem solid. *** Collybiae annulatae. Gills equal behind, stem externally somewhat car- tilaginous. * Tricholomata subannulata. Gills sinuato-adnexed, &*c. 51. A. bulbiger A. & S.— Pileus 7-5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, IV. Agaricus (A rmillaria) mcllei One-third natural size. LEUCOSPORI. 29 pale-yellowish-brick colour, paler at the margin, fleshy, not com- Armiiiaria. pact, convexo-flattened, obtuse, moist, smooth in itself, but here and there, and chiefly round the margin, squamuloso-fibrillose from the fragments of the veil, then naked ; flesh whitish, soft, thin at the margin, wherefore the pileus is not broken into squam- ules. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost 12 mm. (yz in.) thick, stuffed, rarely hollow, cylindrical, but terminated at the base by a globose marginate bulb; the external cuticle pale, separable, at length marked longitudinally with blackish fibrils ; texture longitudinally fibrous, but stuffed in the centre with a softer pith ; externally and internally becoming pale white ; the veil forms a cortina ending in a ring on the stem, adhering loosely, oblique, fugacious, white. Gills broadly emarginate somewhat crowded, at length distant, broad, becoming pale white, at length almost of the same colour as the pileus. A very singular fungus, of a peculiar type, resembling in stature the turbin- ate or marginato- bulbous Cortinarii, but by no means allied to these. The form of the bulb is singular and constant, somewhat globose, depresso-con- cave above, with an annular margin. Odour and taste none. In pine woods, &c. Hereford, 1875, &c. Oct. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 7-10x4-5 mk. K. ; 5x7 mk. W.P. Name — bulbus, a bulb, gero, to carry. Alb. dr1 Schw. Consp. p. 150. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 35. Hym. Eur. p. 40. Icon. t. 26. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1501. C. I II us t. PI. 20. 5. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1855, P- 2O- Klotsch. FL Bor. t. 373. 52. A. focalis Fr.— Pileus 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, fleshy, moderately compact at the disc, convex then flattened, obtuse, dry, slightly shining ; cuticle brick-tawny, become even, but silky- fibrillose; flesh soft, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick at the disc, slightly tawny-pallid. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent. (i in.) thick, fleshy-solid, wholly fibrous within, elastic, equal, by no means bulbous, externally torn into fibrils, the medial ring oblique. Gills emarginato-free, crowded, narrow compared with the pileus, white, at length becoming pale. On account of the flesh being soft like that of A. bulbiger the pileus is not broken into squamules. Variable. On bare ground under old laurel-trees. Coed Coch. a neckcloth. From the neckcloth-like ring. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 36. Hym. Eur. p. 40. B. &> Br. n. 1837. C. Illust. PL 245. Var. Goliath Fr.— Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) broad, peculiarly fleshy, very much thinned out towards the margin, convexo- flattened, at length gibbous, revolute at the margin, moist, not 30 AGARICUS. Armiilaria. viscous, even and bay-brown-rufescent at the disc, towards the margin torn into fibres, paler, and, when the cuticle is torn, be- coming white ; flesh spongy-soft, elastic, white. Stem 20 cent. (8 in.) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, fibrous-solid, com- monly decumbent on account of the weight of the pileus, equal or attenuato-rooted at the base, externally and internally white, but becoming tawny and with tawny fibrils downwards. Ring medial, fugacious, often completely obliterated. Gills rounded- free, very broad, 12 mm. (% in.) and more, very ventricose, rather thick, crowded, white. The cuticle of the pileus and of the stem torn into fibrils, separable. In woods. Fr. Monogr. p. 37. C. Illust. PL 31. 53. A. robustus A. & S.— Pileus bay-brown-rufescent, very fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, dry, typically smooth, but scaly-fibrillose towards the margin ; flesh hard, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick. Stem 2. 5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) rarely more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, solid, compact, attenuated at the base, fibrillose below the inferior, large, floccose, somewhat persistent ring, white- rufescent, white, however, and flocculose at the apex. Gills broad- ly emarginate, almost free, 12 mm. (^ in.) broad, crowded, whitish. The stem is clothed up to the ring with the remains of a true though not a very conspicuous veil. The flesh of the stem is diffused into the pileus, as is usual when the pileus is continuous with the stem. Various in size and stat- ure. It can be distinguished at first sight from A. focalis, &c. , by the substance of the entire plant being co?npact and hard, and by the stem being obese, ven- tricose, and attenuated downwards. The genuine form major has a large ring, with the pileus often broken up into scales, and very broad gills. The form minor has an even pileus, with both ring and gills very narrow. Krombh. t. 25. / 15-20. In woods. Rare. Autumn. Taste and smell exactly that of Polyporus squamosus. B. fir" Br. Spores ovoid-sphaerical, 7 mk. Q. Name — robustus, stout, sturdy. Alb. 6* Schw. Consp. p. 147. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 37. Hym. Eiir. p. 41. B. drr1 Br. n. 1502. C. Illust. PI. 33 (A. aurantius in error), 86, var. minor. 54. A. ramentaceus Bull.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pallid, whitish, becoming yellow or rufescent, the scales and punctate disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse or gib- bous, at length depressed and revolute, dry, the cuticle torn into adpressed fioccose scales; flesh somewhat compact, 12 mm. (*4 in.) thick, white. Stem 2.5-5 (1-2 in.) long, rarely more, about 12 mm. (% in.) thick, solid, firm, unequal, often thickened at the base, white, but variegated with adpressed fuscous squamules below the LEUCOSPORI. 31 ring. Gills emarginato-adnexed, separating-free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 Armillaria. lin.) broad, thin, at first crowded, at length somewhat distant, whitish, changing colour, commonly becoming yellow. The veil, clothing the stem above the middle, terminates in a narrow, floc- coso- woven, at length oblique and separating ring, above which the stem is pruinose. Besides the ring, scaly stem, paler pileus, &c., it is easily distin- guished from A. terreus by the colour passing into light yellow. Odour un- pleasant. On the ground. Uncommon. Na.me—ramenfa, shavings, scales. Bull. t. 595. f. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 40. Hym. Eur. p. 42. Berk. Out. p. 96. C. Hbk. n. 35. Illust. PL 71. 55. A. haematites B. & Br.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, liver-colour, hemispherical, dry, slightly hispid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, of the same colour as the pileus, solid, thick- ened downwards, 6 mm. (% in.) thick at the base. Ring spongy, scaly beneath. Gills shortly decurrent. Like A. subcavus it is analogous to Lepiotce. Among fir-leaves. Glamis, 1876. Nov. Pileus red-liver colour, at first hemispherical then somewhat flattened. Gills rather broad, scarcely crowded. A very striking and beautiful species. Name — ai/ixaTiYjj?, blood-like. Haematite, blood-stone, a kind of red-iron-ore. B. 6 Br. n. 1635. S. Afycol. Scot. n. 35. C. Illust. PL 45. 56. A. constrictus Fr.— White. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fleshy, flesh not thick but compact, convex then plane, obtuse, dry, smooth in itself, but when young covered over with a thin, silky, separating veil, but never torn into scales j margin involute and villous when young. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or less long, about 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, solid, fleshy-fibrous, equal or thickened at the base,y^rz'//0,y Sm. t. 5. Quel. t. 2./. i. Price t. 14 /. 91. Paul t. 139, bis. A. nitidus Fl. Dan. t. 773. Tratt. Austr. t. 27. A. splendens Fl. Dan. t. 1130. Hartz. t. 35. Var. with oliva- ceous fuscous pileus = A. olivaceo-fuscus Fl. Dan. t. 1372. Submenus IV. TRICHOLOMA (0plf, a hair, Ao^a, a fringe). Tricholoma. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 36. Veil obsolete or only consisting of flocci or fibrils which adhere to the margin of the pileus. Stem fleshy, not fur- nished with a bark. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, gills sin- uate behind. All growing on the ground, fleshy, never obconic or truly umbilicate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 47. The sinuate gills distinguish this from all the other white-spored sub- genera. None are known to be truly poisonous. A few, such as A. sapo- naceus, are suspicious. Series A. — Pileus viscous, fibrillose, scaly or pubescent, and not watery-moist or be- coding even. F!esh no, absorbing raois,ure nor hygrophanous. Stem fibrillose, as is also the universal veil, which is adnate (and scarcely distinctly conspicuous). C 34 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. I. Limacina (Umax, a snail, slimy). Pellicle of the pileus viscous when damp, innately fibrillose or sguamulose, but not becoming torn. Pileus truly and firmly fleshy, not hygrophanous, somewhat naked at the margin. * Gills not changing colour, nor at length rufescent. ** Gills changing colour, commonly -with reddish spots. II. Genuina. Pellicle of the pileus never (with one exception) viscous (not even moist by reason of the down upon it which absorbs the damp), but torn into somewhat scaly fiocci or fibrils. Pileus with soft flesh, not hygrophanous, the margin involute and somewhat tomentose at first. Species which have the pileus fibrillose only from the veil must not be confounded with this section. Odour not unpleasant or none. * Gills not changing colour, nor marked with rufous or black spots. '* Gills rufescent or becoming cinereous, the edge common 7y at length marked with rufous or black spots. III. Rigida (rigeo, to be stiff). Pellicle of the pileus rigid, punctato-granu- late, or broken up when dry into smooth squamules, not viscous, floccoso-scaly or torn into fibrils. Pileus rigid, in stout species hard, somewhat cartilaginous, in the thinner ones very fragile, the margin (except that of A. macrorhizus Lasch.) naked. Young specimens occur which are fibrillose, but from the veil, and not from the laceration of the cuticle, as also other young and small ones which are not broken up. Odour in the majority of species unpleasant. * Gills white or becoming pale, not rufescent, or becoming cinereous, nor spotted. '* Gills changing colour, rufescent or becoming cinereous or spotted. IV. Sericella (sericeus, silky). Pileus (without a distinct pellicle) at the first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth, very dry, neither moist, nor viscid, nor hygrophanous, nor distinctly scaly. Pileus somewhat thin, opaque, absorbing moisture, but the flesh of the same colour as the gills and not hygrophanous ; stem in all the species fleshy-fibrous whereby the smaller ones are distinguished from CollybifB which they resemble in appearance. A remarkable group, whereof the species must not be confounded with others (as they are liable to be) on account of the pileus having often become even, as if smooth. * Gills broad, rather thick, somewhat distant. Strong-scented. ** Gills thin, crowded, narrow. Small and inodorous. Series B. Pileus even, smooth, neither villous nor scaly, nor viscous, but moist in rainy weather, in the earliest stage (but rarely conspicuously) pru- inose from the universal veil. Flesh soft, spongy, or very thin, watery and hygrophanous. V. Guttata (gutta, a drop) or Prunuloidea (diminutive of prunum, a plum). Pileus fieshy, soft, fragile, spotted as if by drops or rivulose, stem solid. Vernal, occasionally but rarely met with a second time in autumn. Growing in troops or csespitose (often forming rings). Fragrant especially when dried, anciently reckoned among the most savoury. * Gills whitish. ** Gills changing colour, rufescent or fuliginous. VI. Spongiosa (spongia, a sponge). Pileus compact then spongy, obtuse, even, smooth, moist and not hygrophanous. Firm, appearing late in the year, grow- ing in troops. Stem stout, commonly thickened at the base, fibroso-spongy. Pileus absorbing damp, fleshy quite to the margin. Gills at length spuriously (but sinuately) decurrent, so that old specimens may be easily mistaken for Clitocybce. * Gills not changing colour. ** Gills changing colour. LEUCOSPORI. 35 VII. Hygrophana (uypos, wet, atVa>, to appear). P ileus thin, somewhat Tricholoma. utnbonate, moist, and, as well as thejlesh which is at length soft, hygrophanous. Stem rootless, containing a pith, the whole fissile into fibres. Pileus unequally fleshy, hence more or less umbonate, very thin towards the margin. The colour of the pileus as of itself it becomes pale, as well as from its being hygrophanous, is very changeable in each individual species. Flesh moist, watery, at first compact, then soft, not exceeding in depth the width of the thin gills. The pileus is occasionally pulverulent, which is an abnormal varia- tion arising from the persistence of the veil in dry weather. * Qills whitish without spots. ** Gills violaceous, grey, fuliginous. SERIES A. I. — LlMACINA. * Gills not changing colour, &>c. 60. A. equestris Linn.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, pale yellowish, or brick-rufescent, disc and squamules darker becoming fuscous, compactly fleshy, unequal, convex then plane, very obtuse, flexuoso-repand ; squamules innate, but the pileus of itself entire (not torn), smooth, viscous, the margin, which is bent inwards when young, naked ; flesh thick, whitish. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, here and there elongated, remarkably fleshy, solid, hard, squamulose, sulphur-yellow, internally white. Gills emarginate or rounded, scarcely adnexed, broad, somewhat ventricose, crowded, sulphur-yellow. Stature commonly obese, robust. The colour of the pileus becomes green in later autumn. Odour none, taste pleasant. There are many sufficiently well- marked varieties: Var. pinastreti Alb. & Schw. differs in its stem being 7. 5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, fibrillose, sulphur-yellow or whitish, in its thin pileus being even, more regular, tan-colour, becoming fuscous-squamu- lose, with watery flesh, and in its gills being narrower. In fir woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Spores ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 6-8 x 4 mk. ^.,-5x4 mk. W. G.S. Name— eques, a knight. From its handsome appearance compared with others in the same group. "A knight among the common people." Linn. Suec. n. 1219. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 50. Hym. Eur. p. 48. Berk. Out. p. 97. t. 4. /. 2 (a smaller darker form). C. Hbk. n. 38. Illust. PL 72. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 36. Gonn. 6* Rab. t. 13. /. i. Brig. Neap. t. 6. A. aureus Schaff. t. 41. A. flavovirens Pers. — Krombh. 68. /. 18-21. Hartz. t. 22. 61. A. sejunctus Sow.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fine light yellow, streaked-fuscous with innate fibrils, fleshy, con- vex then expanded, gibbous, the umbo at length vanishing, viscid in wet weather; flesh thin, fragile, shining white. Stem solid^ stout, ventricose, then elongated, as much as 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, and as thick as the finger, even, smooth, shining white, 36 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. delicately squamulose at the apex. Gills emarginate, broad, some- what distant, shining' white. Odour almost that of new meal ; taste bitterish. Differing widely from A. equestris, &c., in the flesh being fragile. With this there is commonly con- founded a fungus almost of the same colour, but mild, with longer striate stem, and with tan-coloured, black-streaked pileus, 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, which is perhaps a form of A. portentosus disguised by difference of colour. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Autumn. Pileus dirty yellow or nearly white ; gills whitish and thickest near the stem, somewhat flattened as it were by separating from it in a peculiar manner, and partly adhering to each other. Sow. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — sejunctus, separated. From the peculiar manner in which the gills separate from the stem. Sow. t. 126. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 52. Hym. Eur. p. 48. Icon, t. 23. Berk. Out. p. 97. C. Hbk. n. 39. Illust. PI. 53. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 37. 62. A. portentosus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, fuliginous, livid, sometimes violaceous, fleshy, but thin in com- parison with the stoutness of the stem, convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, unequal and repand, viscid, streaked with black lines (innate fibrils), but otherwise even and smooth, the very thin margin naked ; flesh not compact, white, fragile. Stem com- monly 7.5 cent. (3 in.), often 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (i in.) thick, stout, solid, the whole remarkably fibrous-fleshy, somewhat equal, naked, but fibrilloso-striate, white ; the base, which is occasionally attenuato-rooted, villous. Gills rounded, almost free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) to as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, distant, white, but varying, becoming pale-grey or yellow. Solitary or gregarious, even csespitose ; inodorous, taste mild. Sometimes on naked sandy ground a smaller form occurs with a somewhat bulbous stem. A beautiful variety with sulphur-yellow pileus and fuliginous disc : Saund. & Sm. t. 32. In fir woods, and among dead leaves. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 4-5x3-4 mk. K. ; 5x4 mk. W. G.S. Name— portentosus, strange, monstrous. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 52. Hym. Eur. p. 48. Icon. t. 24. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 97. C. Hbk. n. 40. Illust. PI. 54. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 38. A. fumosus Harz. t. 73. 63. A. fucatus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, rarely more 10, 12.5 cent. (4, 5 in.), becoming lurid-yellow, or cinereous- light-yellow, variegated with tiger-spots, the disc darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, often irregular, viscid, but readily dry and opaque, even, smooth and not streaked with innate fibrils ; margin thin, naked, scarcely inflexed ; flesh thin, pallid, at length fragile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) thick, stuffed, soft, ascending or straight, somewhat equal, externally at first LEUCOSPORI. 37 minutely and densely squamulose, then remarkably fibrillose, Tricholoma. variegated with fibrils 'which are at length blackish, white and delicately white pruinose at the apex, otherwise becoming pale- white and at length fragile. Gills deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded, fragile, whitish. Trama hyaline, almost of the same colour as the flesh of the pileus. A most distinguished species, not rightly allied to any ; polymorphous, and hence it has been confounded alike with A. portentosus, from which it is most dis- tinct, and with A. quinquepartitus. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Oct.-Nov. Spores ovoid, punctate, 5 mk. Q. Name— -fuco, to dye, stained. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 54. Hym. Eur, p, 49. Icon. t. 24. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 97. C. Hbk. n. 41. lllust. PL 73. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 39. 64. A. quinquepartitus Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, pallid light-yellow, fleshy, thin at the circumference, con- vex then flattened, repand, even, smooth, by no means streaked, viscid, fragile ; flesh, with exception of the disc, thin, fragile, white and somewhat hygrophanous. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, commonly attenuated from the base to the apex, 12 mm. (Yz in.) and more thick, solid, fleshy, striate, smooth, white. Gills emarginate, not crowded, 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, white. Odour none, taste mild. Repand forms of A. portentosus and A. fucatus have been confounded with this ; it is readily distinguished from the former by the pileus being by no means streaked, and from the latter by the smooth striate stem. Among pine-leaves. Very rare. Name — quinquepartitus, with five-fold division. The name has no sig- nification in regard to the plant. It was given by Linnaeus to a species which cannot now be identified, and was adopted by Fries for this one, because it was found near the residence of Linnaeus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 54. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Icon. t. 25. C. lllust. PI. 74. 65. A. resplendens Fr. Wholly shining white. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, wholly and equally fleshy, but not compact, at first convex, at length flattened, obtuse, when fresh quite even, smooth, viscous ; when dry beautifully silvery -shining, often with hyaline spots ; the disc becoming yellow, and the surface appear- ing adpressedly silky, although it is smooth ; margin straight. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, .12 mm. (y2 in.) and more thick, solid, wholly fleshy and stout, sometimes equal, ^sometimes bul- bous, even, smooth or slightly flocculose only at the apex, dry, occasionally curved. Gills almost free when young, then remark- ably emarginate, somewhat crowded, rather thick, but thin at the edge, quite entire, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, equally attenuated in front. 38 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Gregarious ; odour pleasant ; taste mild. Habit in a measure that of Hy- grophorus eburneiis. Doubtless edible. In woods, beech, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — resplendens, shining brightly. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 55. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Icon. t. 29. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1337. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 40. C. Illust. PL 55. 66. A. spermaticus Fr. White. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, repand, smooth, viscous (shining when dry), margin at first bent inwards, naked. Stem stuffed then hollow, elongated, twisted, even. Gills emarginate, some- what distant, eroded. Like A. Columbetta, but of a stinking odour, always unspotted. In woods. Coed Coch. Oct. Pileus several inches across. M.J.B. Poisonous. Name— tnrepju.a, semen. Of the odour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. n. 42. Illust. PL 87. Paul. t. 45. ** Gills changing coloitr, &^c. 67. A. colossus Fr. — Pileus brick-colour, date-brown at the sides, when young in the form of a tuber, the margin very closely bent inwards-involute, embracing the constricted part of the stem ; then hemispherical, the still closely inflexed margin whitish, even and smooth — at length unfolded, plano-convex and depressed, always very obtuse, repand, 20 cent. (8 in.) and more, broken up into scales, slightly viscid round the margin in wet weather; flesh dry, very hard, remarkably fibrous, 5 cent. (2 in.) thick, everywhere turning to a flesh-brick-red colour when broken. Stem solid, flesh the same throughout and very compact, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.} long and the ovato-bulbous base equally thick, but very much constricted at the apex, where it is only 5 cent. (2 in.) thick, definitely two-coloured 'j the bulbous part smooth in itself but torn into fibres, brick-tawny; the constricted part, which is at the first enclosed by the closely involute pileus, floccose and shining white. Gills rounded-free, at first narrow and crowded, white, then broader, more distant, entire, at length 12 mm. (% in.) broad, fragile, torn, pallid brick-red. When young the tuber-like pileus rests upon a bulb like Cortinarii of sec- tion Scauri, and emerges from the ground covered over with soil and pine- leaves. At first the stem appears as a deformed tuber, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, depressed, bearing the pileus obliquely. On account of the stem being oblique, the gills are emarginate-decurrent on its outer side. Odour none. The largest and hardest of all Agarics hitherto found. LEUCOSPORI. 39 Under Scotch firs and elm. Near Taunton. Oct. Tricholoma. Var. Pileus about 10 cent. (4 in.) across, irregularly lobed and undulated, minutely scaly, grey: stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) high, thicker upward, buff, yellow at the base ; gills rather wide, pallid. Smell strong, like that of cheese. B. &> Br. Spores 6x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — KoAo Rab. t. 14. /. 2. 72. A. pessundatus Fr.— Pileus bay -brown or rufescent, paler even whitish at the circumference, compactly fleshy, convex then expanded, very obtuse, flexuous, smooth, in no wise streaked, but granulate or guttato-spotted, viscid ; the bent-in margin naked. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, hard, at first in the form of a bulb, everywhere villous with whitish squamules, then somewhat equal, rather smooth, white. Gills deeply emarginate, somewhat free, crowded, at first very narrow, shining white, then 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, rufescent. Odour of new meal, strong ; taste mild. In fir woods. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Reckoned edible, but too rare to merit attention. Spores very minute, glo- bose, 2-3 mk. C.B.P. Name — pessum dare, bent downwards. Fr. Monogr. p. 58. Hym. Eur. p. 52. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 44. Sterb. t. 8 A. 73. A. stans Fr. — Pileus rufescent, compact, convex then flat- tened, viscid, even (neither granulated nor spotted); flesh red- dish under the cuticle. Stem solid, somewhat equal, squamulose. Gills rounded, crowded, white, spotted-red. There are two forms : a) campestris, stem short, obese, reddish-squamulose but not villous, the broader pileus becoming more plane, brown-rufous, obso- letely squamuloso-virgate? ; in deciduous groves, &c. : b) montana, stem elon- gated, 7.5 cent. (3 in.), wholly equal, white, white-squamulose only at the apex, pileus smaller, more convex and wholly even ; in mountainous pine woods. In woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Spores subsphaeroid, 5-6 x 4 mk. K. Name — stare, to stand. Standing upright. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 52. Icon. t. 28. C. Illust. PI. 198. 74. A. frumentaceus Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, whitish or clay-colour and variegated rufous, truly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, viscous, dry in fine weather, even, smooth : flesh white. Stem 7.5 (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (# in.) thick, solid, 42 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. equal, fibrillose when dry, whitish. Gills rounded, somewhat crowded, rather broad, white, at length spotted-rufous. Wholly becoming •pale-white, but the stem and the pileus are alike marked- rufous, and the gills are at length rufescent, wherefore, as well ras for the strong smell of new meal, it is undoubtedly nearest to A. pessundatus. The pileus is less compact than in that species. There can scarcely be a doubt that this is the same species as was referred by Berkeley (Out. p. 144) to the pink-spored species. When full grown it has all the appearance of Entoloma. On the ground. Forres. Glamis. Oct. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Name—frumentum, corn. From the mealy odour. Bull. t. 571. f. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 59. Hym. Eur. p. 52. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, p. 34. Entoloma Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n. 254. Illust. PL 470. II. — GENUINA. * Gills not changing colour, &>c. 75. A. rutilans Schaeff.— Pileus truly fleshy, semi-ovate and obtuse when young) the thin margin incurved, wholly covered over with dense contimwus down, which becomes dark-purple or reddish- brown ; when fuller grown campanulate, often umbonate, of one colour, purple ; when fully iinfolded convexo-flattened, often umbonate, light-yellow variegated with purple from the cuticle being broken up into innate floccose scales, always dry; flesh when quite young light-yellow, golden when broken, soft. Stem fleshy, somewhat hollow, large but soft, bulbous when shorter, ventricose when longer, light-yellow, beautifully variegated chiefly upwards with squamulose flocci, which become purple. Gills at the very first yellow and then almost adnate, crowded, the edge thickened obtuse and floccose, often flexuous ; when full grown thinner, broader, less crowded, golden, pallid at the sides. The continuous down is in a measure a universal veil. Very variable in its dimensions. Splendid, very elegant, inodorous. In pine woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad. Stem 6-9 cent. (2^-3% in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-i in.) thick, sometimes much larger. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 5-8 x 6-7 mk. K.; 6-8 x 6 mk. B.; 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Name — rutilo, to be reddish. Schceff. t. 219. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 59. Hym. Eur. p. 53. Berk. Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. n. 49. Illust. PI. 89. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 45. Fl. Dan. t. 1610. Krombh. t. 63. /. 10-12. Gonn. & Rab. t. 14. f. i. A. serra- tus Bolt. t. 14. A. xerampelinus Sow. t. 31. 76. A. variegatus Scop.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fleshy, when full grown flattened, very obtuse or obsoletely um- bonate, fragile, sometimes wholly covered over, sometimes, but more rarely, sprinkled above the pallid (becoming light-yellow) LEUCOSPORI. 43 base with purple-reddish flocci, naked at the margin ; flesh almost Tricholoma. 'whitish, then pallid light-yellow. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in-) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, curved, occasion- ally bulbous, sometimes variegated with thin reddish villous down, sometimes almost naked, yellowish-white, scarcely whitish-pruin- ose at the apex. Gills rounded, crowded, thin, light-yellow- whitish, the edge always quite entire, acute, and of the same colour. Allied to A. rutilans ; in general smaller, leaner, and less handsome. The stem is harder and tougher. It varies with the stem hollow, the gills pallid, and the pileus granulate. On rotten wood. Epping. Name — variegatzis, variegated. Scop. Cam. p. 434. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 60. Hym. Eur. p. 53. Fl. Dan. t. 1910. f. 2. A. granulatus Schceff. t. 21. Grevillea, -vol. xiii. p. 57. 77. A. luridus Schasff. — Pileus lurid, becoming yellow-cinere- ous, sometimes light-yellow, never rufescent, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, irregularly shaped, absolutely dry, the cuticle easily separating into fibrils, and the pileus itself often rimosely incised. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (X"1 m<) thick, solid or stuffed, unequal, smooth, white. Gills emarginate, broad, very crowded, watery whitish. It differs from A. saponaceus (which is somewhat like it), A. sejunctus, and others which have been interchanged with it, in its mild taste, in its odour of new meal, in the flesh alike of the pileus and stem being soft, absorbing mois- ture, never rufescent, in the cuticle of the pileus not separating into scales, and in the thin crowded gills. In woods. Common. Sept.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 5 x 3-4 mk. K. ; 5-6 x 3-4 mk. B. Name — luridus, lurid. Schceff. t. 69. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 62. Hym. Eur. p. 54. Berk. Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. n. 51. Illust. PI. 214. Brigant. Neap. t. 7 (cuticle of pileus entire). 78. A. guttatus Schasff.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, cinnamon or somewhat pale yellowish, fleshy, convex then flattened, dry, broken up into somewhat granular or floccose squamules, margin remotely sulcate, at first involute, white- floccose ; flesh thick, white. Stem solid, mealy, white. Gills emarginate, decurrent in the form of lines, very crowded, snow- white. Somewhat casspitose. Odour and taste bitter, somewhat acrid. From the specimens of Lasch the pileus is rather floccose than granulose. In woods. Downton. 1878. 44 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Name — gutta, a drop. Spotted. Schceff. t. 240. Fr. Hym. E^^r. p. 54. B. & Br. n. 1839. C. Illust. PL 59. 79. A. columbetta Fr. Wholly shining white.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fleshy, firm but not thick, convex then flattened, obtuse, flexuous, dry, at first smooth, then silky -fibrillose and becoming even or squamulose, the margin, which is inflexed when young, tomentose. Stem sometimes short, sometimes 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, wholly fleshy and compact (not elastic), commonly unequal. Gills somewhat emarginate, almost free, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, linear, per- sistently shining white. Solitary, inodorous. The pileus does not become yellow as A. impolitus does, but is occasionally spotted-red. As the pileus changes with the condition of the atmosphere (moist when fresh and damp, but never watery) and with age, so the gills are narrow when young, then very broad. Widely removed from the rest of the white Tricholomata. There are certain well-marked forms: A) Stem obese, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, unequal, swollen, pileus always almost repand, even-lobed, at first smooth, even, at length rimosely scaly, the margin, which is inflexed when young, tomentose. Often spotted-reddish. In heathy birch woods, among mosses. B) Stem longer, equal, somewhat attenuated at the base ; pileus somewhat flexuous, silky- fibrillose, at length squamulose, sometimes becoming fuscous-spotted ; margin scarcely villous. In mixed damp thickets. A. sericeus Krombh. t. 25. /. 6, 7. C) Stem equal, cylindrical, as much as 10 cent. (4 in. ) long, fibrilloso-striate ; pileus regular, flattened, 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, evidently fibrillose, margin naked ; flesh thin, scissile, occasionally spotted azure-blue. In shady beech woods. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. The centre of the pileus, as noted by Withering, is often dilute mouse- colour lightly shaded off. Edible ; taste mild but not mealy. Spores 6-8 x 3-4 mk. B. 5x4 mk. W. G.S. Name — columba, a pigeon. Dove- ~r. Monogr. i. p. 63. Hym. Eur. p. 55. Icon. t. 29. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. n. 52. Illust. PL 48. S. My col. Scot. n. 46. Letell. t. coloured. Fr. Out. p. 99. C. 625. Quel. t. 2./ 2. Gonn. & Rab. t. 15.7. i. Paul. t. 58. 80. A. scalpturatus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, at the first conical, covered with down, soon convexo- flattened, obtuse, variegated-fuscous above the white ground from the cuticle being broken up into adpressed, scattered, fioccose, umber or rufescent scales, which become more rare and minute towards the margin ; flesh not thick but slightly firm, whitish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) thick, solid, sometimes attenuated, sometimes thickened at the base, firm, white, not scaly, adpressedly fibrillose. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, ventricose, quite entire, white, becoming yellow when old and dried, but never becoming cinereous. It differs from A. terreus, to which it is certainly allied, in its firmer stature, in the gills being white then becoming yellow, and in the obtuse whitish pileus being as it were scratched on account of the minute rarer adpressed scales. LEUCOSPORI. 45 In fir woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Tricholoma. Name— scalpto, to scratch. From its scratched appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 61. Hym. Eur. p. 55. Berk. Out. p. TOI. C. Hbk. n. 50. Illust. PL 215. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 47. Batt. t. 15 F. A. argyraceus, Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 18, partly. Var. virescens Wharton, turning yellowish-green. C. Illust. descr. ** Gills rufescent or becoming cinereous, &c. 81. A. imbricatus Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, rufous-umber or umber, very opaque, fleshy, compact, broadly convex then flattened, obtuse, very dry, continuous at the disc, otherwise torn into squamules, and fibrillose towards the circum- ference ; margin thin, at first when inflexed slightly pubescent, then quite naked; flesh firm, moderately thick, white. Stem solid, stout, sometimes short, conico-bulbous, 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in-) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, sometimes extended, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long and almost equal, adpressedly fibrillose, white at the apex, white-pulverulent with squamules. Gills slightly emarginate, almost adnate, somewhat crowded, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, wholly white when young, at length rufous. Scattered or growing in troops. Stem sometimes pierced by larvae. In pine woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. The stem is very often variously bent and attenuated at the base. The names of this and of A. vaccinus have been transposed. A. vaccinus is much more scaly than A. imbricatus. Edible according to old authors. Spores 6 x 4-5 mk. K. ; 6-7 x 4 mk. B. ; 4 x 5 mk. W. G.S. ; 5 mk. W.P. Name— imbrex, a tile ; imbricated. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 64. Hym. Eur. p. 56. Icon, t. 30. Berk. Out. p. 99. t. 4. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 53. Illust. PL 199, not PL 60. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 48. Gonn. & Rab. t. i8./. i. 82. A. vaccinus Pers.— Pileus when young 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, when full grown and largest 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.), rufous, fleshy, campanulate then expanded, umbonate, wholly torn up into floccose squarrose, or, when smaller, adpressed scales, dry, mar- gin at first involute, tomentose ; flesh, alike of the pileus and of the fibrous stem, white, then reddish. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8-16 mm. (4-8 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, round, remarkably fibrillose, more or less manifestly furnished with a cortina, naked (not white - pulverulent) at the apex, whitish-rufescent. Gills slightly sinuate, almost adnate, somewhat distant, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) broad, at first whitish, then spotted-rufous and at length ru- fescent. The flesh of the stem is less diffused into that of the pileus than usual. Growing in troops. Earlier than A. imbricatus, the flesh of the pileus is very much thinner than that of A. imbricatus. The at first involute tomentose margin serves instead of a veil. 46 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. In fir woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Taste disagreeable. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 6 mk. K. Name — •vacca, a cow. From the reddish-brown colour. Pers. Syn. p. 293 (exclud- ing synonym Schceff.} Fr. Monogr. i. p. 65. Hym. Eur. p. 56. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 54. Illust. PL 60. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 49. Batsch f. 116. A. rufus. Pers. Ic. and descript. t. 2. f. 1-4. 83. A. immundus Berk. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) or more broad, dirty white stained with bistre, fleshy, at first convex, minutely silky ; margin inflexed, silky or minutely scabrous and squam- ulose. Stem fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills emarginate, marked with transverse lines, somewhat .cinereous with a pinkish tinge. Caespitose. Every part blackish when bruised. Border deflexed. Among short grass on sheep's dung. Rare. Oct. Name — immundus, dirty, discoloured. Berk. Out. p. 103. C. Hbk. n. 72. Illust. PL 61. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 213. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 56. 84. A. gausapatus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, grey-cinereous, fleshy, somewhat thin, bullate or obtusely cam- panulate, the flexuous bent-in margin tomentose-woolly, then ex- panded, repand, tomentose -with dense, superficial, separating, silky- adpressed fibrils, somewhat woolly. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, solid, stout, equal, blunt, \axk]-fibril- lose, shining white, manifestly furnished with a cortina. Gills emarginate, free, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, grey. Allied to A. terreus, but larger, mild, inodorous, the form of the pileus re- markable. In grassy woods. Epping Forest. Spores 4x6 mk. W.P. Name — gausapa (•yavo-aTnjs), a shaggy woollen cloth. From the covering of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 67. Hym. Eur. p. 57. 85. A. terreus Schasff.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 m-) broad, fuscous, mouse colour, grey, becoming azure-blue, &c., slightly fleshy, soft-fragile, campanulate then expanded, umbonate, vil- lous, for the most part fioccoso-scaly, sometimes broken up into dark (not white) innate adpressed fibrils, repand when larger; margin at first inflexed, naked ; flesh scissile, white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid, more rarely at length hollow, equal, becoming even with longitudinally ad- pressed fibrils, white and delicately white pruinose at the apex. Gills remarkably emarginate, somewhat distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, unequal at the edge, white then becoming cinereous. LEUCOSPORI. 47 Inodorous, gregarious, varying solitary and caespitose. Cortina none. Tricholoma. Sometimes larger with the pileus repand, scaly, and fibrillose ; sometimes smaller, regular, with the pileus papillate, dotted with squamules, and with the margin at first inflexed. The margin of the pileus is not bearded with white down like that of A. gausapatus. In woods, chiefly under beech. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 6-7 x 4 mk. K. ; 5-6 x 3-4 mk. B. ; 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — terra, the earth. Earth-coloured. Schceff. t. 64 (not typical, connato-casspitose). Fr. Monogr. i. /. 67. Hym. Eur. p. 57. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 57. Illust. PL 50. S. MycoL Scot. n. 50. Sow. t. 76. Ventur. t. 45. /. 4, 5. Saund. 6° Sm. t. 44. /. 2. Gonn. 6* Rab. t. 17. f. 2. A. argyraceus Bull. t. 513. /. 2. A. myomyces Alb. & Schw. Letell. t. 663. / 6. * A. argyraceus Bull. — Gills and commonly pileus shining white. Name — apyvpos, silver. From its shining appearance. Bull. t. 423. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 58. Kalchbr. Hung. t. 4.7. i. C. Illust. PL 165. * A. atrosquamosus Chev.— Gregarious. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid cinereous, convex then flattened, umbonate, squamulose ; margin rather woolly, squamules of the pileus small, black. Stem 6-7.5 cent (2%~3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, stuffed, fibrillose, white, with a few black squamulose points about the apex, base slightly thickened. Gills ventricose, emar- ginate, rather thick, scarcely crowded. Name — ater, black, squamosus, scaly. In grassy places. Nov. Chev. Fung. 6° Byss. Illus. Grevillea, "vol. ix. /. 93. * A. orirubens Qu el.— Pileus fleshy, convex, fragile, smooth, grey, brownish in the centre, clad with blackish fibrils. Stem solid, fibrous, white, streaked with rose at the base; flesh white, odour mealy. Gills emarginate, undulated, white with the edge rose. Spores oval, white. On the ground. Oct. Name — os, mouth ; rubeo, to be red. From the red-edged gills. Quelet Jur. p. 327. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 41. C. Illust. PL 90. III.— RlGIDA. * Gills white or becoming pale, &>c. 86. A. macrorhizus Lasch. — Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) broad, ochraceous, compact, convex then plane, even, smooth, then broken up in a tesselated manner. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) thick, solid, stout, whitish then ochraceous, very delicately granulated, with a thick, fleshy t blunt root. Gills emarginate, pallid. A magnificent fungus with a root which has no equal in size. Odour heavy, corpse-like. 48 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. On the ground. King's Lynn. Name — /ua/cpos, long, pifa, a root. Lasch n. 240. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 58. C. Illust. PI. 278. A. macrocephalus Schulz. in Kalchbr. Fling. Hung. p. n. t. 3./. i. 87. A. saponaceus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, normally fuscous-livid, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, wholly smooth, moist in rainy weather, but never viscous, even, then when dry more or less rimoso-rivulose, dotted or broken up into scales ; margin thin, at first inflexed, very smooth ; flesh whitish, often becoming red. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (y^ in.) and more thick, solid, often unequal, as curved, rooted at the attenuated base, pallid. Gills uncinato-emargin- ate, distant, thin, quite entire, in groups of 2-4, becoming pale- white. Pileus varying in colour, whitish, cinereous, green, becoming black. Stem sometimes smooth, sometimes squamulose when early in deciduous woods, sometimes elegantly reticulated with black fibrils in later autumn in moun- tainous pine woods, Fr. Icon. t. 32, lower fig. It varies with the gills becom- ing yellow, such as A. napipes Krombh. t. 28. f. 23, 24. Scarcely any species has been more confounded with others. It may always be safely distinguished by its odour, which is wholly peculiar, rather soapy than nitrous (quite different from that of A. alkalinus, Hygrophorus murinaceus, &c. ), also by the compact not fragile substance, by the distant gills, by the smooth cuticle of the pileus at length cracking into scales, and likewise by spots, which are often reddish, both on the flesh and stem when wounded. In deciduous and pine woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. I have found an exceedingly handsome form in which the stem (figured in Cooke's Illust. PI. 216) is beautifully marked with regular zones of small black scales. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid or subsphaeroid, 5x4 mk. K.; 4-5 x 2-3 mk. B.; 6x4 mk. VV.G.S. Name — sapo, soap. From the odour. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 69. Hym. Eur. p. 59. Icon. t. 32, upper fig. Berk. Out. p. 101. C. Hbk. n. 58. Illust. PL 91, 216. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 51. A. argyraceus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 18 partly. A. madreporeus Batsch t. 36. /. 203. A. argyrospermus Bull. t. 602. A. fusiformis Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 1729. A. murinaceus Krombh. t. 72. /. 6-18. 88. A. cartilaginous Bull— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad, fleshy, not compact, rigid, somewhat fragile, convex then expanded, gibbous, undulated, smooth, delicately and densely black-dotted from the cuticle being broken in minute cracks ; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 m-) an<^ more long* almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, hollow, curt and firm, but fragile, shining white, the surf ace polished, even, smooth. Gills emarginato-sinuate, crowded, moderately thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white, then becoming pale- grey but pure. When young convex, obtuse, with the involute margin pubescent, then ex- panded, undulato-repand (rimosely incised when dry), very obtuse, with the LEUCOSPORI. 49 margin remaining deflexed and incurved ; always very dry, at the very first Tricholoma. minutely and very densely granulated, but the granules are wholly innate, having originated from the cuticle being broken up ; granules at the first so continuous that the pileus is black ; when full grown, however, the granules are so distinct, on account of the small cracks, that the white ground shines through between myriads of them, wherefore the pileus appears as very densely black-dotted. No distinct odour. Formerly confounded with a form of A. saponaceus. In grassy places in woods, pastures. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Spores sphserical, 8 mk. Q. Name—cartitago, cartilage. From its texture. Bull. t. 589. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 70. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 33. Berk. Out. p. 101. C. Hbk. n. 59. Illust. PL 166. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 52. Smith in Seem. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 101. 89. A. loricatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in-) broad, some- times umber, sometimes livid-fuscous, paler round the margin, slightly fleshy, lax, campanulate then convex, most frequently undulated, even sinuato-lobed, moist (slightly viscid), smooth, punctato-rngulose under a lens, clothed as in a cuirass with a thick horny separate cuticle; flesh peculiar, scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fleshy-fibrous, but very tough, somewhat hollow, twisted, irregular, equal or attenuated downwards, rooted, brick-fuscous, fibrilloso-striate under a lens. Gills quite free and separable from the hymenophore, very crowded, ventricose, quite entire, whitish-straw colour. The upper cuticle is 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat horny, fuscous, wholly different from the pith of the stem, which (pith) enters at the centre between the cuticle and the hymenophore which is continuous with the stem. Odour strong, not pleasant, but not soapy. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Sept. The flesh of the pileus is simply a prolongation and expansion of the pith of the stem between the horny cuticle and the hymenophore. Name — lorica, a leather cuirass. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 71. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 35. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1503. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 53. 90. A. atrocinereus Pers.— Pileus 4 cent. (i>£ in.) broad, cinereous, the prominent disc darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, dry, opaque, at first even and entire, at length rimosely incised and revolute at the margin, but not broken up into scales. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, stuffed, in- ternally soft and when moist hyaline, equal, cylindrical, slightly striate with longitudinally adpressed fibrils, and naked at the apex, but smooth and whitish. Gills sometimes free, sometimes de- current with a tooth or arcuato-adnexed, more or less ventricose, thin, crowded, hyaline-white. D 50 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Fragile. Odour of new meal. Flesh of the pileus when the plant is moist obscurely hyaline, hygrophanous. Allied to A. cimeifolius in its very fragile nature and odour, but larger and distinguished by many marks. On grassy ground. Hothorpe Norths, &c. Name — ater, black, cinereus, ash-coloured. Pers. Syn. p. 348. Fr. i. p. 72. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 31. / 2. C. Illust. PL 52. a. 91. A. cuneifolius Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) broad, fuscous or livid, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, even, smooth, then cracked, often concentrically, into broad scales. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (\-\% in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, rarely more, holloiv, attenuated downwards, rarely equal, somewhat fibrillose becoming smooth, white-pruinose at the apex, pallid. Gills ob ovate-wedge- shaped, very much attenuated behind, slightly adnexed but somewhat decurrent, in front how- ever dilated and obliquely truncate, crowded, connected by veins, fragile, white. The smallest of this group, very fragile ; odour of new meal. It is most distinct from the form of the gills and odour. In pastures, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Surface of the pileus rufous where not broken up. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 4-6X2~3mk. K.; 5 mk. W.G.S.; ovoid-pruniform, finely punctate, 5-6 mk. Q. Name — cuneus, a wedge, folium, a leaf. From the shape of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 72. Hym. Eur. p. 61. Berk. Out. p. 102. C. Hbk. n. 60. Illust. PI. 52. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 54. A. cinereo-rimosus Batschf. 206. C. Illust. PI. 261. A. ovinus var. Bull. t. 580. a, b. ** Gills changing colour, &C. 92. A. crassifolius Berk. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, ochraceous, disc umber, fleshy, rather wavy, umbonate, at length often depressed, minutely adpresso-squamulose ; flesh very firm. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 9 mm. (^ in.) thick, solid, nearly equal, pruinose, much paler than the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed or nearly free, acute behind, moderately distant, thick, at length yellowish, stained with brown. Gregarious, subceespitose. Smell rather strong. Sometimes in large old specimens the epidermis cracks in broad scales, but then these are clothed with the smaller ones. The gills have somewhat the appearance of those of Dcedalia betulina. It does not appear to be viscid in any state. In fir woods. Uncommon. Oct. Name — crassus, thick, folium, a leaf. From the thick gills. Berk. Out. 100. C. Hbk. n. 55. Illust ~ phyllus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 16. /. ico. C. Hbk. n. 55. Illust. PI. 92. Fr. Hym. Eztr. p. 61. A. pachy " " ~ " ~ Fl. v. p. ' LEUCOSPORI. 51 93. A. tumidus Pers. — Pileus 7.5 cent (3 in.) broad, cinereous- Trichoioma. livid, variegated with tiger-spots, fleshy, irregularly shaped, bul- late, then undulated when expanded, and at length rimosely in- cised, moist in rainy weather, somewhat shining when dry ; margin thin, at first bent inwards, somewhat lobed ; flesh white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 18 mm. (tf in.) thick, solid, fleshy-fibrous, stout, sometimes swollen, smooth, striate, shining white, often at- tenuated into a root at the base. Gills emarginate, 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, thicker at the base, somewhat distant, shining white, at length cinereous-rufescent. Somewhat cartilaginous, at length rigid- fragile. Odour and taste weak, not unpleasant. Its dimensions vary very much ; sometimes among the taller mosses the stem is elongated, slender, and the pileus much smaller. Allied to Clitocybcs difformes. In moist pine woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Spores 4x6 mk. W.P. Name — tumidus, swollen. Pers. Syn. p. 350. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 74. Hym. Eur. p. 62. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vi. p. 213. Krombh. t. 72. / 1-5. C. Illust. PI. 93. Var. Keithii Phill. & Plow. — This differs from the type in its cinereo-rufescent pileus, less turgid, dirty-white stem, which has brownish innate fibres, and in being tinged with red, especially near the base. In some of its characters it agrees with A. sudus Fr., from which it differs in its undulating pileus, distant gills and often rooting stem. The whole plant is fragile, the gills have a cinereous tinge, usually at length becoming rufescent. It frequently has a powerful odour of new meal, and is intermediate between A. sudus and A. tumidus, but is nearer the latter. Grevillea, -vol. x. p. 65. 94. A. murinaceus Bull. — Wholly becoming cinereous. Pileus fleshy, thin, campanulate then expanded, silky, rimosely scaly and streaked. Stem stuffed, stout, variegated with minute squamules. Gills broad, distant, undulated, cinereous. Strong- smelling, large, robust, but fragile. Formerly referred to Hygrophorus nitrosus, from which it is very different, although both species agree in the alkaline odour. In open woods and pastures. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Pileus ii cent. (4^ in.) across, at first campanulate, slightly umbonate, then expanded, thin, firm, but very brittle, mouse-coloured, cracked and vir- gate, silky, not the least viscid ; flesh white. Stem;7.5 cent, (sin.) high, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the top, cracked and streaked, silky, with minute black scales, solid but fibrous, not the least stuffed or hollow. Gills very broad, un- dulate, distant, having a tendency to become forked and anastomosing, brittle, often marked with raised lines, cinereous, powdery, interstices slightly veined, edge at length black. Taste bitter, unpleasant ; odour not nitrous. M.J.B. The plant which I have gathered during several seasons corresponds exactly 52 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. with the figure of Bulliard and with Berkeley's description. The stem is fre- quently twisted, slightly flattened, with deep longitudinal channels. The figure in Cooke's ' Illustrations ' does not represent Bulliard's plant. Spores 5X4mk. W.G.S. Name — mus, a mouse. Mouse - coloured. Bull. A 520. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 62. B. & Br. n. 261. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 56. Illust. PL 49. ? S. Mycol. Scot. n. 55. Sow. t. 106. 95. A. virgatus Fr.— Pileus grey-cinereous, the umbo often darker, fleshy, but not thick, rigid, convex then flattened, some- what umbonate, very dry even in rainy weather, smooth, becoming even, but elegantly streaked with fine black lines (innate fibrils) ; broken up into squamules when old ; margin straight and at the first naked ; flesh thin, cinereous-whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (%. in.) and more thick, solid, firm, equal or tuberous at the very base, striate, commonly smooth, sometimes squamulose, whitish, white within. Gills broadly emarginate, 6- 10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, crowded, becoming hoary. Most distinct. Inodorous • taste bitter like gall when young, but flavourless when old. Var. major (in beech woods) pileus black-squamulose, the scales separating. In mixed wood. Forres, &c. Aug.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 6-8x5-6 mk. K.; 5-7x4-5 mk. W.P. ; ellipsoid-sphaeroid, punctate, 8-10 mk. C.B.P. ; ovoid, dotted, 6-7 mk. Q. Name — virga, a twig or stripe. Streaked. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 75. Hym. Eur. p. 62. Icon. t. 34. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1504. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 56. C. Illust. PL 167. IV. — SERICELLA. * Gills broad, rather thick, somewhat distant. 96. A. sulphureus Bull. — Pileus i-io cent. (}4-4 in.) broad, dingy or rufescent sulphur-yellow, fleshy, at the first somewhat globose, soon convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, at length de- pressed, unequal, at the first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth and even. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, somewhat equal but often curved, rather smooth, striate, sulphur-yellow, of the same colour and fibrous within. Gills adfixed, narrowed behind, arcuato-emarginate, rather thick, distant, distinct, brighter sulphttr -yellow than the pileus. Gregarious ; very variable in dimensions ; odour strong, stinking. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Nov. Odour like that of gas-tar or Hemerocallis flava. M.J.B. Probably a dan- gerous species. Spores 4-5 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — sulphur, brimstone. Sul- phur-coloured. Bull. t. 168. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 76. Hym. Eur. p. 63. Berk. Out. p. 102. t. 4. /. 4. C. Hbk. n. 62. Illust. PL 62. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 57. Sow. t. 44. FL Dan. t. 1910. /. i. Gonn. &• Rab. t. 13.7. 2. Paul. t. 85- /• 3, 4- LEUCOSPORI. 53 97. A. bufonius Pers. — Pileus umber, fuscous-tan, &c., fleshy, Tricholoma. convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, at first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth, doited-wrinkled, opaque. Stem stuffed, equal, flocculose. Gills arcuato-subdecurrent, somewhat distant, yellow- tan arid pallid. Its odour (milder) and stature are the same as those of A. sulphureus, but it is more regular in form. Otherwise it does not seem to differ unless in the darker wrinked -dotted pileus, the flocculose stem, and the more crowded, paler (sulphur-tan) gills. Pileus becoming black-umber. Bull. t. 545. /. 2. O. In fir and mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. B. Kalcfibr. t. 39. /. i. Compare Bull. t. 545. /. 2. 98. A. lascivus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid- tan, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat de- pressed, delicately silky then becoming smooth, even, dry, margin at first involute ; flesh white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, solid, rigid, wholly fibrous, equal, fibrillose, whitish, rooted and tomentose at the base, white-pruinate at the apex. Gills arcuato- adnexed, at length arcuato-decurrent (otherwise horizontal), thin, crowded, white. Intermediate between A. sulphureus and A. inamcenus. Odour the same, but clearly different from both in its crowded gills. The gills are conspicu- ously thinner and more crowded than those of A. sulphureus. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Name — lascivus, disgusting. From the smell. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 77. Hym. Eur. p. 64. Icon. t. 38.7. i. Berk. Out. p. 102. C. Hbk. n. 64. Illust. PI. 94. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 59. Var. robustus C. Illust. PI. 217. 99. A. inamcenus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (r-2 in-) broad, be- coming pale, dingy-white, fleshy, moderately thin (but flesh com- pact, shining white), convex then flattened, somewhat umbonate, very dry, slightly silky then becoming smooth, even. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, solid, firm, equal, rather smooth, white. Gills variously adfixed, normally emargin- ate with a decurrent tooth, but sometimes truly adnato-decurrent, plane, rather thick, very broad, very distant, distinct, shining white. Among mosses the stem is enlarged at the rooted villous base. Odour that of A. sulphureus, but stronger, very foetid. It is distinguished from all neigh- bouring species by the very distant, shining white gills. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. 54 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Spores sphaeroid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 9-11 x 5-7 rnk. K. Name — inamasnus, unpleasant. From the odour. Fr. Monogr. p. 78. Hym. Eur. p. 64. Icon, t. 38. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 102. B. & Br. n. 1733*. C. Hbk. n. 65. Illust. PI. 77. S. hlycol. Scot. n. 60. Sow. t. 121, otherwise very distinct, exactly represents its habit. ** Gills thin, crowded, narrow. 100. A. cerinus Pers. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX inO broad, dingy wax-colour, or becoming fuscous, fleshy, convex then flat- tened, obtuse and at length depressed, very opaque, very dry, even and becoming smooth ; flesh thin, but firm, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, fibrilloso- striate, yellow, base smooth (often fuscous). Gills sinuato-ad- nexed, separating, horizontal, plane, very thin and crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, dark-yellow or wax colour, but the spores wholly white. Diminutive, approaching Clitocyb£ lin.) broad, very shining white. In habit, and in the nature of the stem, it rather approaches Collybice, but its affinity with other species in this group is manifest. In fields and by waysides in woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Pileus of a rufous-pink, minutely squamulose, often splitting. M.J.B. In ' Hymenomycetes Europaei.' Fries gives A. carneus Bull. = A. pceonius Fr. Monogr. i. p. 81, and A. carneolus Fr. =A. carneus Bull., Monogr. i. p. 81. On the authority of Berkeley, whose opinion I can fully confirm, the change in ' Hym. Eur.' must be regarded as an error. The plant described in ' Monographia ' as A. carneus is the true plant of Bulliard. Spores 3x2 mk. W.G.S. Name— caro, flesh. Flesh-coloured. Bull. t. 533.7. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 81. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 30*. Out. p. 103. C. Hbk. n. 68. Illust. PI. 96. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 62. A. carneolus Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 65. Icon. t. 40.7 3- 103. A. cselatus Fr. — Pileus not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) in breadth, fuscous, pale-grey when dry but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicate, without striae, when fresh smooth, but in becoming dried flocculose, rimosely scarred. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less in length, 2-3 mm. (1-1% lin.) thick, tough, elastic, but not cartilaginous, when smaller stuffed, when larger hollow, the internal walls villous, equal or slightly thickened at the apex, fuscous, obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills sinuato- adnate with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, slightly arcuate, dingy-whitish or grey. Inodorous. The spores are dingy-white. A very peculiar species, remark- able in its whole habit, and not to be compared with any other species of Tricholoma. At first sight one might regard it as a species of Omphalia on ac- count of the pileus being constantly umbilicate ; but the stem is by no means 56 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. cartilaginous, and the gills are manifestly sinuate behind. Species truly allied occur only among Clitocybce, for example A. hirneolus and A. parilis, with which it agrees in stature, colour, and dingy white spores, but these have decurrent gills. In woods. Charmy Down, 1867, &c. April-July. Spores subglobose, 8x4 mk. B. &>. Br. Name — cczlum, a sculptor's chisel. From the chiselled markings on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 82. Hym. Eur. p. 66. Icon. t. 37. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1192. S. My col. Scot, n. 63. C. 111-ust. PI. 96 B. SERIES B. V. — GUTTATA. * Gills whitish. 104. A. gambosus Fr.— Pileus 7-5~io cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, becoming' pale-tan, fleshy, hemispherico-convex, then flattened, obtuse, undulated and repand, even, smooth, but spotted as with drops, at length widely cracked (not, however, torn into squamules), the margin at the first involute and tomentose; flesh thick, soft, fragile, white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) thick, solid, fleshy-firm, almost equal, often curved- ascending at the base, white, villous at the apex. Gills rounded- or emarginato-adnexed, with a somewhat decurrent tooth and when old sinuato-decurrent, crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish. Odour pleasant, of new meal. Often forming large rings or clusters. A whitish form must not be confounded with A. albellus. In meadows, &c. Frequent. April-July. Spores 13x11 mk. W.G.S. Smell strong like that of Polyporus squam- osus. M.J.B. Edible; considered by some delicious, by others less delicate in flavour. It should be gathered in dry weather. Known as St George's mushroom. Worthington Smith says it is fit for any saint in the calendar. Much esteemed in France and Italy. Its early appearance makes it more val- uable, but it is unfortunately not so common as could be wished. It is less frequent in Scotland than in England. Badham describes it under the name of A. prunulus. He remarks that when the ring begins to break up into irregular lines, it is a sign of its disappearance from the place, just as the presence of an unbroken ring is conclusive of a plentiful harvest the next spring. Name — gamba, a hoof. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 82. Hym. Eur. p. 66. Sverig. at I. Sv. t. 9. Berk. Out. p. 104. t. 4. /. 5. C. Hbk. n. 69. Illust. PI. 63. Husseyi. t. 83. Krombh. t. 63. /. 18, 22 ochraceous. Ventur. t. 4. Gonn. 6» Rab. t. 18. /. 3. A. prunulus Badh. i. t. i. ii. t. if. i. A. graveolens Sow. t. 281. A. pomonae Lenz. f. 13. 105. A. albellus Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, be- coming pale-white, passing into grey when dry, fleshy, thick at LEUCOSPORI. 57 the disc, thinner at the sides, conical then convex, gibbous when Tricholoma. expanded, when in vigour moist on the surface, spotted as with scales, the thin margin naked ; flesh soft, floccose, white, un- changeable. Stem curt, 4-5 cent. (1^5-2 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the base, reaching 12 mm. ()4 in.) towards the apex, solid, fleshy-compact, ovato-bulbotis, (conical to the middle, cylin- drical above the Tm&d\e),fibrilloso-striate, white. Gills very much attenuated behind, not emarginate, becoming broad in front, very crowded, quite entire, white. Pileus not becoming yellow. Odour weak when fresh, taste pleasant, al- most that of cooked flesh. There are two forms : one larger, solitary, another smaller, connato-coespitose, quite as in A. albellus Sow. t. 122. It is often confounded with smaller forms of A. gambosus. In woods. Rare. April-May. Spores very small, ovoid, 3 mk. W.G.S. Name — diminutive, albus, white. Whitish. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 83. Hym. Eur. p. 67. Berk. Out. p. 104. C. Hbk. n. 70. Illust. PL 229. Smith in Seem. Journ. Bot. t. 46. /. 45. Gonn. & Rab. t. 15. /. 3. A. pallidus Scheeff. t. 50. ? Tratt. Austr. t. 20. ** Gills changing colour, &>c. 106. A. amethystinus Scop.— Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, repand, smooth, even, moist, spotted azure-blue, margin wrinkled, paler. Stem solid, curt, attenuated at the base. Gills somewhat adnate, crowded, white then rufescent. Not well defined or sufficiently known. In pine wood. Glamis, 1875. Sept. Pale, with here and there a tinge of mouse-colour. Spots bluish-violet, mostly confined to the disc. Of a somewhat faded appearance even when fresh. Name — amethystus, the amethyst. From the spots on the pileus. Scop. Cam. ii. p. 437. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 68. B. & Br. n. 1733. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 66. C. Illust. PI. 262. 107. A. tigrinus Schaeff.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid brown, variegated with crowded and darker (fuscous) spots, com- pactly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, repand ; flesh thick, firm, white, unchangeable, but thin at the involute margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, very compact, solid, pruin- ate, white. Gills rounded behind, at length decurrent with a tooth, crowded, narrow, white, at length darker. Solitary or caespitose. Very distinguished, obese, and without any marked smell of new meal. In fir woods and open grassy ground. Rare. June-July. 58 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Allied to A. gambosus. B. & Br. Fries remarks that the plant of Schaeffer differs in the longer stem, in the pileus being conical then expanded, becoming hoary-white, and in the gills being at length distant, but that there can be no doubt they are the same. My specimens agreed exactly with the description of Fries. Forming a large ring on a grassy place on the shore of an estuary. Name — tigris, a tiger. Spotted like a tiger. Schceff. t. 89. Fr. Icon. t. 41. lower fig. Hym. Eur. p. 68. B. &* Br. n. 1636. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 67. C. Hbk. n. 73. Illust. PL 64. Conn. & Rab. t. 13. /. 2. VI.— SPONGIOSA. * Gills not changing colour. 108. A. Schumacher! Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, of one colour, cinereous-livid, fleshy, compact, convex then flattened, obtuse, regular, well formed, even, smooth, moist (not hygroph- anous) in rainy weather, the slight margin, which exceeds the gills, inflexed ; flesh spongy, white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, as much as 12 mm. (% in.) thick, solid, stout, equal, villous and sometimes ventricoso-bulbous at the base, otherwise naked, slightly striate, white, externally fibrous. Gills emarginate, very crowded, plane, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, white. Its entire nature and structure are those of A. personatus, and it can only be compared with A. nebularis on account of the colours (the pileus being cinere- ous, naked however). The stem being wholly fleshy and the gills being at the first emarginate, evidently determine it a Tricholoma. In a hothouse. Apethorpe, Norths., &c. Agreeing very closely with the figure in ' Fl. Dan.' especially as regards the gills. B. 6*. Br. Name — after Schumacher. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 85. Hym. Eur. p. 69. B. & Br. n. 1927. Fl. Dan. t. 22.67. /. i. C. Illust. PL 168. 109. A. patulus Fr. — Pileus 6-10 cent. (2^-4 in.) broad, pallid- cinereous, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, often repand, even, smooth, in no wise tiger-spotted ; flesh moderately thin, not com- pact, white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) thick, fleshy-fibrous, solid, firm, equal, somewhat elastic, smooth, shining white. Gills constantly and equally emarginate, almost free, crowded, comparatively narrow, 4 mm. (2 lin.), plane, somewhat veined at the sides, whitish. Inodorous. Solitary or growing in troops, or somewhat caespitose. The colour of the pileus passes into very pale yellowish. It cannot be com- pared with any of the neighbouring Tricholomata, but rather with the irregularly shaped Clitocybce, especially when casspitose. It must not be confounded with A. decastcs. Dependent on the weather ; very luxuriant in some rainy seasons, absent in very dry ones. On the ground in woods. Reigate, Surrey, 1870. Oct. Name — patulus, spread out, wide. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 69. Icon. t. 37. /. i. Saund. & Sm. t. 48.7. i. C. Illust. PL 279. LEUCOSPORI. 59 110. A. arcuatus Bull. — Pileus rufous-fuscous, becoming pale, Tricholom; disc blackish, flattened, somewhat gibbous, soft, even, smooth, moist, discoid; margin thin, at the first inflexed; the flesh coloured. Stem solid, firm, fibrilloso-squamulose, blackish downwards, bulbous. Gills arcuato-adnate (decurrent with a tooth) and arcuate, somewhat undulated, fragile, crowded, white. Gregarious. Pileus " almost viscid." Stem sometimes remarkably margin- ato-bulbous. Sterb. t. 7. C. On grassy ground. St Andrews, 1877, &c. Oct.-Nov. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad. Stem about 4 cent. (t% in.) long, 12 mm. (Yz in.) thick. Name — arcus, a bow. From the bow-shaped gills. Bull. t. 443 figures with scaly stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 70. Monogr. i. /. 86, partly. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 68. C. Illust. PI. 218. 111. A. oreinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fttscous- livid, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse, even, smooth, the thin margin not exceeding the gills ; flesh white. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, but thickened at the base as with a small bulb and at length ochra- ceous, white-squamulose at the apex, internally fibrillose. Gills rounded then free, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, crowded, plane, white. Solitary. Inodorous. It differs from A. humilis in not being hygrophan- ous, and in the gills running out of equal breadth as far as the margin. The uppermost and lowest in stature of the figures of Bull. t. 443 shows the form sufficiently well. On heath and open ground. King's Cliffe. Name — 6peu>os, hilly. From its being found on mountainous heaths. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 70. Monogr. i. p. 86. C. Illust. PI. 218. A. testudineus Pers. Myc. Eur. p. 218. /. 23. /. i, 2. 112. A. albus Schseff.— Wholly white. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, truly fleshy, not compact, tough, convex then flattened, becoming plane, obtuse, very dry, even, smooth, marginal the first involute at length repand. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) and more thick, solid, attenuated upwards, some- what bulbous, wholly fibrous, tougher externally, elastic, naked, slightly mealy at the apex only under a lens. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, distinct, when full grown 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, unchangeable. Stature very variable, sometimes very robust, sometimes moderately slender. Odour weak or none, with an unpleasant acrid taste. Not hygrophanous ; the pileus when dried becoming yellow often throughout or only at the disc. All its forms (possibly including distinct species) are distinguished by their 60 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. habit which is that of Clitocybe, by their elastic stem, and by the pileus not being moist even in rainy -weather, a feature which constitutes a departure from the spongy Tricholomata, as well as by their -white colour. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Care should be taken not to confound it with various edible species of the same colour. From its acrid taste, which easily distinguishes it, it is perhaps poisonous. Spores 3x6 mk. W.G.S. ; 5-6x2-3 mk. B. Name — albus, white. Schce/. t. 256 (a thin form). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 91. Hym. Eur. p. 70. Icon. t. 43. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 105. t. 4. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 74. Illust. PI. 65. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 69. A. leucocephalus Bull. t. 536. Battar. t. 20. /. i. 113. A. leucocephalus Fr. — Wholly white without any yellow- ish tinge. Pileus 4 cent. (\y2 in.) broad, fleshy, thin, tough, con- vexo-plane, obtuse, even, moist, smooth in itself, but when young covered with shining whitish, adpressed, silky, at length separating "uillous down; margin acute, spreading, smooth ; flesh compact, watery in wet weather. Stem scarcely 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, fleshy fibrous, but polished externally, some- what cartilaginous, rooting at the attenuated solid base, twisted, even, smooth. Gills rounded-free, crowded, thin, quite entire, shining white. Strong odour of new meal. Plainly different from A. albus, allied to A. (Armill.) constrictus, but from its somewhat cartilaginous stem inclining to Colly bi Br. n. 1506. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 71. C. Illust. PL 169. 116. A. civilis Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent (3 in.) broad, becoming pale yellowish, not changing colour, disc darker, never streaked, truly fleshy, very soft and fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, very smooth, moist, almost viscid, with a separable pellicle; flesh spongy, whitish. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, solid, in- ternally soft, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, fibrillose or squamulose, whitish. Gills deeply emarginate, almost free, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, very soft, white then becoming yellow, or rather becoming pale, unspotted. Inodorous. Among the Tricholomata there is no species to which it is rightly allied. The structure is wholly that of A. (Am.} lenticularis, so that at first sight it might seem to be a ringless form of that species. On the ground. Epping. Oct. Fries notes that the gills are only accidentally spotted, i.e., when injured by insects or otherwise. Name— ci-vis, a citizen. Contrasted with A. militaris. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 71. Icon. t. 42. f. i. A. militaris Monogr. i. p, 90. B. 6s Br. n. 1507. 117. A. personatus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, livid-flesh-colour, &c., very fleshy and thick, hemispherical then convex and flattened, very obtuse, regular, at length also repand, even, smooth, moist in rainy weather, opaque when dry, the mar- gin, which exceeds the gills, at first involute and villoso-pruinose ; flesh at first compact, then spongy-soft, whitish. Stem in the typical form 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, spongy within, almost of the same colour, more or less bul- bous, becoming violet, wholly pulverulent with white villous down when young then squamulose; often very short, and not bulbous. Gills rounded then free, crowded, broad, violaceous then flesh- coloured or whitish, or fuscous when old. 62 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Solitary or gregarious, scarcely csespitose. Stature always robust, obese, but colour very changeable and variable. A. pileus cinereus, Sow. B. pileus lilac Fr, C. pileus and gills white, stem violaceous Berk. In a very obese form it has been found becoming wholly cinereous-livid. In late autumn taller, becoming wholly fuscous, with a sulcate, fibrillose stem as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) long, and very broad gills. In woods and pastures. Common. Oct.-Nov. Sometimes confounded carelessly with Cortinarius violaceus. It is some- times difficult to distinguish brightly coloured specimens from A. nudus. M.J.B. Edible. Known in England by the name of " Blewitts," which Bad- ham conjectures means " Blue-hats." It is excellent when gathered in dry weather. When wet it absorbs too much moisture. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 11x6 mk. K.; 8x4mk. ^.,-5x4 IV. G.S.; 7x5 mk. W.P. Name — persona, a mask. From the margin of the pileus and stem as compared with A. nudus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 88. Hym. Eur. p. 72. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 57. Berk. Out. p. 105. t. 5. f. i (var. anserina). S. Mycol. Scot. n. 72. Conn. & Rab. t. 16. Hussey\\. t. 40. Badh. i. t. 8./. i. ii. t. i./. 2. C. Illust. PI. 66. Le- pista personata C. Hbk. n. 546. A. violaceus Sow. t. 209. Fl. Dan. t. 1133. Bolt. t. 147. A. hepaticus Weinm. Paul. t. 91. f. 1-4. Buxb. C. 4. /. n. 118. A. nudus Bull.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, be- coming purple-violaceous then changing colour, rufescent, fleshy, comparatively thin, convexo-plane then depressed, obtuse, even, smooth, with a pellicle which is moist and manifest in rainy weather; margin inflexed, thin, naked ; flesh thin, pliant, coloured. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) thick, stuffed, elastic, equal, almost naked, mealy at the apex, violaceous then be- coming pale. Gills rounded then decurrent (on account of the depressed pileus), crowded, narrow, of the same colour as the pileus or deeper violaceous, but soon changing colour, at length rufescent without the least tinge of violet. Always thinner than A. personatus, with a pleasant acid odour. Often confounded with A. sordidus. In woods, chiefly among pine. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Brighter coloured than A. personatus M.J.B. Not recommended as edible. Spores 6-8x4 mk- B.; 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — nudus, naked. Con- trasted with A. personatus. Bull. t. 439. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 89. Hym. Eur. p. 72. Berk. Out. p. 105. t. 4. f. 7. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 73. Krombh. t. ji. f. 27-29. Price t. 5. /. 35. Hoffm. Analyt. t. n. /. i. C. Illust. PL 67. Var. major, PI. 133. Lepista personata C. Hbk. n. 544. 119. A. cinerascens Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad, white then becoming cinereous or hoary, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse or when young gibbous, orbicular, regular, even, dry ; flesh white, compact at the Wise, thin at the circumference. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4 cent. (i}4 in.) and more thick, solid, internally spongy, the external wall fibrous and tough, hence elastic, equal or slightly thickened at the base, smooth, naked, LEUCOSPORI. 63 whitish ; flesh becoming fuscous. Gills easily separating from the Tricholoma. hymenophore, rounded-free, crowded, broad, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.), fragile, white then becoming cinereous, darker than the pileus. Very various in stature. Gregarious. The stem is sheathed at the base in a peculiar manner with the floccose, compact, white mycelium. It might perhaps be regarded as a species of JPaxillus, on account of the gills easily separating from the hymenophore. In woods. Frequent. Aug. Smell rather disagreeable, pungent ; the stem, however, when broken smells like new meal. B. & Br. Spores 5 mk. W.P. Name — cinis, ashes. Be- coming ash-colour. Bull. t. 428. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 287. Hym. Eur. p. 73. Berk. Out. p. 106. B. & Br. n. 787. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 74. Vivian t. 20. C. Illust. PL 170. Lepista C. Hbk. n. 545. 120. A. panseolus Fr.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, cinereous-fuliginous, variegated with grey -pruinose spots and often guttate, fleshy, not thick, but firm, convex then becoming plane or here and there depressed, obtuse, here and there repand and ex- centric, even ; flesh alike of the pileus and stem spongy, absorb- ing moisture, white when dry, but the pileus by no means hygro- phanous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, tough, elastic, externally fibrous, internally spongy, smooth, naked, unpolished, whitish-grey. Gills emargi- nate or rounded, at length somewhat decurrent when the pileus is depressed, very crowded, quite entire, plane, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white then grey or dingy rufescent. Odour none. The spotting on the pileus gives it a marbled appearance. In grassy places. Street, Somerset, &c. Autumn. Spores 3x5 mk. W.P. Name — Trai/aioAos, variegated. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 73. Icon. t. 36. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 97. 121. A. duracinus Cke.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) diameter, cin- ereous, fleshy, compact, firm, convex, broadly umbonate, dry, smooth, shining, margin involute. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, attenuated upwards, 3 cent. (\% in.) thick at the base, nearly 2.5 cent, (i in.) at the apex, solid, striate below, reticulate squamose above, rather paler than the pileus ; flesh nearly white. Gills narrow, little more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, emargi- nate, arcuate, cinereous. Fleshy disc nearly an inch thick. Whole fungus cinereous and firm. Allied to A. tigrinus Fr. On the ground under cedar. Kew, 1883. Oct. Name — diirus, hard, acinus, berry. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 41. 64 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. VII. — HYGROPHANA. * Gills whitish unspotted. 122. A. grammopodius Bull. — Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, pallid-livid or fuscous-rufous when moist, whitish when dry, fleshy, very thin towards the margin, campamilate then convex, and at length flattened, obtusely umbonate, even, smooth, pellicle moist in rainy weather, not viscous, separating; flesh-coloured when moist, white when dry, soft, fragile. Stem tall, about 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, elastic, equal with exception of the thickened base, cylindrical, firm, smooth, evidently\longitndinally sulcate, whitish. Gills ar- cuato-adnate, or broadly horizontally emarginate, acute at both ends, very crowded, quite entire, very many shorter, somewhat branched behind, white. Odour mouldy. Striking in appearance ; the chief of this group. There is a variety wholly white. In pastures and grassy woods. Frequent. June-Oct. Stem streaked with same colour as the pileus, and white-villous at the base. Name — ypa^^, a line, TTOUS, a foot. From the stem being marked with lines. Bull. t. 548, 585. / i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 92. Hym. Eur. p. 74. Berk. Out. p. 106. C. Hbk. n. 76. Illust. PL 98. S. My col. Scot. n. 75. Hussey ii. /. 41. 123. A. melaleucus Pers. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, commonly becoming black-fuliginous when moist, then fuscous- livid, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, soft, convex then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh soft, white, not hygroph- anous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, rigid-fragile, elastic when young, somewhat thickened at the base, naked (not pulverulent), but fibrilloso- striate, whitish, with darker striae. Gills emarginato-adnexed, crowded, horizontal, straight, broad, more or less ventricose, quite entire, white. Very protean and changeable in colour. The gills are not arcuato-scythe- shaped as in A. arcuatus, and the flesh does not become yellow as in that species. It varies with the gills becoming yellow. It must be carefully dis- tinguished chiefly from A. oreinus. On grassy ground. Uncommon. Sept. Spores ellipsoid-sphseroid, 6-8x4-5 mk. K. Name — /aeAas, black, XCVKOS, white. Pers. Syn. p. 355. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 93. Hym. Eur. p. 74. Icon. t. 44. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 106. C. Hbk. n. 77. Illust. PL 119. A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 76. Buxb. C. iv. t. 12. /. 2. * A. porphyroleucus Bull. Firmer ; pileus fleshy, fuliginous LEUCOSPORI. 65 or fuscous then rufescent, with a darker and vanishing umbo ; Tricholoma. stem solid, somewhat fibrillose, sometimes elongated, sometimes curt ; gills white. Coed Coch, 1881. Bull. t. 443, the rufescent figures with smooth stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 75. B. & Br. n. 1928, the long-stemmed form. C. Illust. PL 119. B. 124. A. brevipes Bull. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, umber then becoming pale, fleshy, soft, convex then becoming plane, even, smooth, moist (opaque when dry) ; flesh of the pileus be- coming fuscous when moist, becoming white when dry. Stem solid, very rigid, at length fibrous, pruinate at the apex, externally and internally fuscous; otherwise very variable, sometimes very short, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) only long and thick, attenuated down- wards; commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.), sometimes bulbous, sometimes equal, more slender. Gills emarginato-free, crowded, ventricose, disappearing short of the margin, quite entire, becoming fuscous then whitish. Solitary. Inodorous. The pileus is often stained with soil. Nearer to A. arcuatus than to A. humilis. The affinity between A. arcuatus, A. pancs- olus, A. grammopodius, A. melaleucus, and A. humilis, is greater than be- tween other species of Tricholomata, In open woods, fields, &c. Uncommon. June-Oct. Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. ,-8x5 mk. W.P. ; 8-10 x 5-6 mk. B. Name— brevis, short, pes, a foot. Short-stemmed. Bull. t. 521. /. 2 (young). Fr. Monogr. \.p. 94. Hym. Eur. p. 75. B. & Br. n. 1195. C. Hbk. n. 78. Illust. PL 68. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 77. Paul. Ch. t. 44.7. i, 2. Fl. Bat. t. 1095. Klotsch. FL Bor. t. 374. Buxb. C. iv. /. 31.7. i. 125. A. humilis Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuscous- cinereous, &c., fleshy, convex then soon flattened, somewhat re- pand, sometimes umbonate, even, smooth, sometimes depressed, the thin margin exceeding the gills ; flesh soft, becoming cinere- ous when moist, whitish. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, about 12 mm. (l/z in.) thick, stuffed, at length also hollow, soft, fragile, somewhat equal, wholly pulverulento-villous, becoming cinereous- whitish. Gills rounded-adnexed, decurrent with a tooth, and occasionally arcuato-decurrent, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish. The pileus changes colour with the moisture of the atmosphere and with age, blackish, fuscous, livid, pallid. In dry weather it is sometimes sprinkled with thin white dust (the remains of the veil). Allied to A. brevipes, but the stem is thinner, longer, and softer. Protean, gregarious, often caespitose (A. brevipes always solitary). A very fragile variety occurs with the pileus paler, the stem longer hollow and fibrillose, and the gills narrower. In open woods, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. E 66 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 7-8 x 5-6 mk. K. Name — humilis, low. Dwarf in -stature. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 75. Berk. Out. p. 106. C. Hbk. n. 79. Illust. PL 99, 263 A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 78. Buxb. Cent. iv. t. 32. A. blandus Berk. Eng. FL p. 20. Var. blandus C. Illust. PL 263. B. 126. A. exscissus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, mouse- colour or fuscous-cinereous, not changing colour when dry, but shining, slightly fleshy, campanulate when young, soon plane, with a prominent umbo, even, smooth ; flesh thin, white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, solid, thin, wholly equal, polished, very smooth, slightly shining, shining white. Gills emarginate, crowded, linear, not beyond 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, shining white. Very regular, in dry weather sprinkled with the pulverulent veil, but never silky. Very closely allied to A. humilis, &c. , although by habit and thinness it appears at first sight to be widely removed from them. In pastures, &c. Cromer, 1882. May. Name — excindo, to tear out. Perhaps in the same sense as excisus. Of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 75. Icon. t. 44. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 171. 127. A. subpulverulentus Pers.— Pileus about 4 cent. (i% in.) broad, becoming livid when fresh, fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, even, with innate pruinose dew, becoming hoary white, the slight margin, which exceeds the gills, inflexed. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, smooth, somewhat striate, here and there ascending, under a lens obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills rounded (without a tooth), crowded, narrow, white. Firm ; flesh hygrophanous. The pileus is not occasionally pulverulent as in previous species, though it becomes hoary with innate pruina. In pastures and woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores 3X4mk. W.G.S.; pruniform, granular, 8x9 mk. Q. Name — sub, and pulvis, dust. Somewhat powdered. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. p. 221. Hym. Eur. p. 76. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. n. 80. Illust. PL 219. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 79. Hussey ii. t. 39. ** Gills becoming 'violet, grey, fuliginous. 128. A. sordidus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, livid- lilac becoming violet- fuscous or violet-flesh-colour when young, changing colour when old, somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex then plane or depressed, somewhat umbonate, smooth ; margin when full grown slightly striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, pliant, commonly thickened LEUCOSPORI. 67 at the base, somewhat incurved, fibrilloso-striate, of the same Tricholoma. colour as the pileus. Gills at first rounded, then sinuato-decur- rent, somewhat crowded, at length distant, violaceous then becom- ing pale or fuliginous. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tough. Inodorous. Pileus when old undulated, often excentric. When old the whole plant is dirty, becoming fuscous, and pale when dry. For a long time overlooked for a form of A. nudus, but very different, much smaller, thinner, &c. On dung, £c. Great Elm, Somerset, 1866, &c. July-Sept. Spores ellipsoid, 7-9 x 4 mk. K.; pale ferruginous, 8 mk. B. & Br. Name — sordidus, dirty. Squalid in appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 96. Hym. Eur. p. 77. Icon. t. 45. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1196. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 80. Fl. Dan. t. 1843. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 100. Bnxb. C. iv. /. 12. /. i. 129. A. psedidus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (j4 in.) broad, mouse- fuliginous opaque, scarcely becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, flaccid, campanulate then convex and flattened, umbonate, at length depressed round the conico-prominent umbo, moist, streaked with innate fibrils radiating from the centre, becoming even how- ever, margin naked ; flesh very thin, very tough, becoming white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, externally somewhat cartilaginous, internally fibrous, slightly bulbous at the base, tough, somewhat striate, naked, dingy-grey. Gills somewhat sinuate, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, whitish then grey. Inodorous. Allied to A. sordidus in its small stature, tough substance, and dingy colours, which, however, never incline to violaceous. In grassy places in woods. Abergavenny, &c. Aug. Name — pczdidus, nasty. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 96. Hym. Eur. p. 77. Icon, t. 46. /. i. B. &> Br. n. 1405. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 81. C. Illust. PL 120 upper fig. 130. A. lixivius Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cinere- ous-fuscous when moist, umber, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate (umbo vanishing), never depressed, even, smooth, with a flattened, membranaceous, at length slightly striate margin; sometimes sinuous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, and in becoming compressed so much broader, stuffed then hollow, often flexuous, fragile, cinereous, at first white-floccoso- pruinose. Gills rounded-adnexed, at first sight free, distant, soft, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, sometimes crisped, attenuated from the stem towards the margin, grey. Gills truncato-free. The habit is that of A. orbiformis, but the pileus is darker, umber, not streaked. Stem wholly fibrous, very soft. 68 AGARICUS. Trichoioma. in pine woods. Ascot, 1865. Nov. Name — lix, ashes ; lixivium, lye, a. mixture of ashes and water. Of the colour of lye. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 97. Hym. Eur. p. 77. Icon. t. 45. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1197, 1840*. C. Illust. PL 120. Sow. t. 66? 131. A. putidus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, some- what olivaceous-grey, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, slightly Jleshy, hemispherical, umbonate, soft, even, at the straight margin as well, but occasionally sprinkled with white silkiness. Stem 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, somewhat compressed, soft, somewhat fragile, somewhat striate, grey, covered with a very thin white pruina, which can be rubbed off. Gills apparently free, but slightly adnexed in the top of the cone, crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distinct, cinereous. A remarkable species. Odour strong, rancid, of new meal. Allied to the rancid Collybice in habit and odour, but the stem is soft, wholly fibrous, by no means cartilaginous. In fir woods. Jedburgh, &c. Oct. -Nov. Name — putidus, stinking, disgusting. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 98. Hym. Eur. p. 78. Icon. t. 46. /. 2. B. 6s Br. n. 1198. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 82. C. Illust. PI. 172. Clitocybe. Subgenus V. CLITOCYBE (K\ITOS, a steep or declivity, «v£r?, head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. 78 (Sub-tribe I). Universal veil, when pres- ent, conspicuous on the pileus like frost or silky dew, but commonly obso- lete. Stem with a spongy stuffing, apt to become hollow, somewhat elastic, externally more compact and fibrous. Margin of the pileus involute. Hy- menophore quite continuous, owing to the apex of the stem being dilated ; gills attenuated behind, acute, adnate or decurrent, never sinuate. Growing on the ground, Jleshy but comparative- ly tough, for the most part piano-de- pressed or infundibuliform. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 78. The thinner and hygrophanous species are late, and stand low tem- perature. Many are remarkable for their fragrance. Very few are edible. VI. Agaricns (Clitocybe) nebularis. One-fifth natural size. LEUCOSPORI. 69 Series A. Pileus fleshy, not changing colour, or (only) turning pale, but Clitocybe. not hygrophanous. Flesh firm, not watery, and not scissile into plates. Those -which turn pale in dying differ from Series B. by their silky lustre. I. Disciformes (disc-shaped). Pileus more or less equally fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, regular, obtuse ; gills at the first adnate or regularly adnato-decurrent. Normally solitary. Pileus cinereous or fuscous. * Pileus -violaceous, rufescent. ** Pileus becoming yellow. * Pileus green, becoming pale. ** Colour white, shining whitish. Cautiously distinguish whitened hygrophanous species and white Paxilli. II. Difformes (irregularly shaped). Pileus with fleshy disc and thin margin, at the first zunbonate, then expanded and depressed, irregular. Gills unequally decurrent, running down in one place for a short and in another for a longer distance, sometimes even rounded on one side of the stem or only reaching it, as in the Tricholomata. Stem externally somewhat cartilaginous but fibrous. Ccespitose, often connate and very various in form, but sometimes solitary. III. Infundibuliformes (funnel-shaped). Pikus attenuated from the fieshy disc towards the margin, at length wholly funnel-shaped or deeply umbilicato- depressed in the centre. Stem spongy with a fibrous outer coat. Gills descend- ing, at the first deeply and equally decurrent. Pileus often losing colour or becoming pale, but not hygrophanous. * Pileus coloured or becoming pale, the surface (at least under a lens) innato- fiocculose or silky, bibulous, not moist. ** Pileus coloured or pallid, smooth, moist (in rainy weather). Variable in colour and stature (the pileus being undulato - lobed is a point of no consequence). *** Pileus shining whitish, sprinkled over with small superficial fiocci or becoming smooth. Series B. Pileus fleshy-membranaceous, truly hygrophanous. Flesh thin, soft, watery, hygrophanous. ( White species, which only become more shining white when dry, have been inserted among the foregoing.} IV. Cyathiformes (cup-shaped). Pileus fieshy -membranaceous (composed of two membranaceous plates), without a compact disc, hygrophanous as well as the fiesh, depressed then cup-shaped; gills at first adnate, then decurrent, descend- ing, straight. Colour dingy when moist. Compare Omphalia, Hydrogrammi. V. Orbiformes (round-shaped). Pikus somewhat fieshy, moist within and without, hygrophanous, convex then becoming plane or depressed, polished, not squamulose or mealy ; gills plane, horizontal, thin, crowded, adnate or only decurrent with a small tooth. Colour dingy or becoming watery-pale. Most of the species are of a low rank, and are recognisable with difficulty and only in rainy weather, on account of the changeableness of their colour, and the indis- tinctness of their characteristic marks. * Gills becoming cinereous. Pileus at the first dark. ** Gills whitish. Pileus becoming pale. VI. Versiformes (variable in shape). Pileus thin, convex then irregularly shaped, tough, more or less squamulose or furfuraceous ; gills adnate (not decurrent or only with a small tooth), broad, rather thick, for the most part distant and powdered with white meal. Colour hygrophanous. Stem tough, sometimes with a veil. The species are all very distinguished, as they differ exceedingly in stature and form and colour. * Pileus dirty-coloured or made dusky with darker squamules. ** Pileus bright, of one colour. 70 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. SERIES A. I. — DlSCIFORMES. * Pileus cinereous or fuscous. 132. A. nebularis Batsch.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, fuliginous or fuscous, at length grey, fleshy, somewhat compact, convex then becoming plane, very obtuse, at length depressed at the disc, dry ; at the first (in dry weather) covered over with a grey, pruinose cloudiness, but when full grown and in wet weather quite naked, smooth (more rarely innately streaked or shining when scorched by the sun) ; flesh compact, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, remarkablyy?^)', at first solid, but soft within and at length occasionally hollow, spongy-elastic, attenuated upwards (obclavate), fibrillose-striate, white. Gills shortly and equally decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, thin, pallid white, sometimes becoming yellow. Robust, laxly gregarious, slightly odorous. The pileus may be even white like the flesh. The stem varies, curt, equal, also villous and squamulose. It may be easily interchanged with a form of A. humilis with spuriously de- current gills which is thinner and more fragile. In woods, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 3-5x3 mk. B. Margin of pileus at first invol- ute, sometimes quite regular, sometimes waved. It smells of curd cheese. Edible ; very good ; with a somewhat pungent taste. Name — nebula, a cloud. From the clouded pileus. Batsch f. 193 (var. minor). Fr. Monogr. i. p. too. Hym. Eur. p. 79. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 45. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. n. 81. Illust. PL 79. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 83. Fl. Dan. t. 1734. Hussey ii. t. 9. Badh. i. t. 9; ii. t. 4.7. 2. A. pileolaris Bull. t. 400. {Paul. Ch. t. 79. /. 1-5. A. murinaceus Gonn. & Rab. t. io./. 2? not Bull, or Fr.] B. gills yellow. A. turgidus Grev. t. 9. A. canaliculatus Schum. — Fl. Dan. t. 1844. f. 2, a monstrous form. 133. A. clavipes Pers.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (i%-2. in.) and more broad, sometimes of one colour, fuscous, fuliginous, cinereous- livid, sometimes whitish round the margin, very rarely wholly white, fleshy, slightly convex, soon plane, at length almost obconi- cal, very obtuse, even, smooth, dry ; flesh lax, white, thin towards the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, conical, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick at the base, solid, internally spongy, somewhat fibrillose, fuliginous-livid. Gills deeply decurrent, descettding in a straight line, somewhat distant, flaccid, quite entire, broad, wholly and persistently white, but varying yellow. Of the same colour as A. nebularis, but most distinct in its nature. Odour mild, pleasant. Substance wholly soft, elastic. LEUCOSPORI. 7 1 In woods, chiefly spruce fir. Common. Aug.-Nov. Clitocybe. Spores subellipsoid, uniguttate, 5-7x3-4 mk. K. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — clava, a club ; pes, a foot. Stem club-shaped. Pers. Syn. p. 353. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 100. Hym. Eur. p. 79. Icon. t. ^J.f~ I. «S. Mycol. Scot, n. 84. C. Illust. PI. 80. Saund. &> Sm. t. 31. A. mollis Bolt. t. 40 (badly coloured). B. with yellow gills. 134. A. gangraenosus Fr. — Pileus whitish, occasionally green, becoming livid, &c., fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, at the first white- pulverulent, then naked, variegated or streaked. Stem solid, spongy, somewhat bulbous, soft, striate, curved, sometimes ex- centric. Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, crowded, dingy- white. Large ; stinking ; flesh becoming black or variegated with black. In woods. Rare. Name— -gangr&na, ulcer, gangrene. From its appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 80. Smith. Jour. Bot. (1873), 355- Batt. t. 20. /. M. 135. A. inornatus Sow.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, some- what livid, fleshy, plane or depressed, obtuse, even, smooth, with a separable pellicle. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, somewhat equal, smooth, firm, grey. Gills adnate, plane, at length decurrent, crowded, grey. Flesh grey or variegated grey. Odour almost that of A. campestris. Among grass in woods. Rare. The separable cuticle indicates A. grammopodius , but the gills are not in the least arcuato-adnate. M.J.B. Spores pruniform 10 mk. Q. Name — inortiatus, unadorned. Sow. t. 342. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 80. Illust. PI. 246. a. Berk. Out. p. 108. C. Hbk. n. 82. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 85. 136. A. hirneolus Fr.— Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (% in.) broad, hoary, slightly fleshy, plano-convex, at length depressed in the centre and umbilicate, very even, slightly shining, when fresh as if slightly viscid, the cuticle as if with a glued silkiness, the invol- ute margin very thin ; flesh white. Stem as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slender, not cartilaginous however, but elastic, internally flocculose-stuffed, equal, flexuous, grey, smooth, white-pruinose at the apex. Gills somewhat decur- rent, crowded, thin, rather broad, whitish-grey. Gregarious, arid, tough, forming with A. (Trick.) calatus and A. (Clit.) parilis a peculiar group, distinct in having the spores cinereous-whitish. Over- looked or referred to Omphalia on account of its minuteness. 72 AGARICUS. ciuocybe. Among moss. Coed Coch, 1877. Oct. Spores 5x3 mk. W.P. Name — diminutive, hirnea, a jug. Shaped like a small jug. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 103. Hym. Eur. p. 82. Icon. t. 48.7. 3. B. &= Br. n. 1841. C. Illust. PL 246. Quel. Jur. t. 3. /. 2. ** Pileus violaceous, rufescent. 137. A. cyanophaeus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, becoming azure-blue-fuscous, compact, convex then plane, ob- tuse, smooth. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the base, attenuated upwards, robust, solid, smooth, becoming azure-blue when young, abruptly white at the apex. Gills deeply decurrent, crowded, violaceous, then becoming pale. An elegant species, clearly distinct from A. nudus. Var. Pengellei, minor, B. & Er. The abrupt white apex of the stem is very remarkable. Cornwall. Name— after T. W. Pengelly. B. & Br. Name — KVCWOS, blue ; <£aios, dusky. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 82. Var. Pengellei B. 6* Br. n. 1993. C. Illust. PL 264. A. nudus Harz. t. 30. Gonn. dr3 Rab. t. ly./. i. 138. A. amarus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, rufes- cent or becoming fuscous, then becoming pale, whitish, fleshy, pliant, convex then flattened, obtuse, dry, at first fibrilloso-silky, then becoming smooth, rivulose, margin at first involute, thin ; flesh compact but not thick, white, Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (yz in.) thick, stuffed, tough, firm, equal, fibrillose when young, becoming smooth when more full-grown, but more or less white- tomentose at the base, white. Gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, quite entire, becoming pale white. Odour peculiar, taste very bitter. A well-defined species, but deceitful on account of the changeable colour of the pileus. It has been noticed rufous- fuscous and whitish-fuscous, paler round the margin. The pileus is often unequal and repand, unpolished under a lens. In woody places. Holm Lacy, 1878, &c. Spores 4 mk. W.P. Name — amarus, bitter. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 107. Hym. Eur. p. 83. B. & Br. n. 1842. C. Illust. PL 134. 139. A. socialis Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pale- yellowish with a reddish tinge, fleshy, convex then expanded, acutely umbonate especially when young, even, smooth, dry ; flesh moderately thin, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) or a little more thick, solid, fibrous, commonly ascending, smooth, reddish, the rooting base hairy. Gills plano-decurrent, scarcely crowded, becoming yellow. LEUCOSPORI. 73 A very pretty species, densely gregarious, inodorous. The stem is sheathed- Clitocybe. hairy at the base like Marasmius peronatus. Its greatest affinity is with A. vernicosus, of which it is perhaps a variety. Among fir-leaves. Downton, Hereford, 1876. Oct. Name — socius, a companion. From its gregarious habit. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 83. Icon. t. 49.7. 2, descr. B. & Br. n. 1637. C. Illust. PI. 134. B. *** Pileus becoming yellow. 140. A. amarella Pers. — Pileus pale-yellowish or pallid fawn-colour, fleshy, plane, firm, somewhat umbonate, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, compact, tough, equal, white-villous at the base. Gills somewhat decur- rent, crowded, pallid, somewhat shining, here and there dichoto- mous. Odour strong; taste very bitter. The gills are paler than the pileus, some- what grey. In woods. Coed Coch, 1876. Oct. Smell that of prussic acid. B. & Br. Name— diminutive, amarus, bitter. Bitterish. Pers. Myc. Eur. p. 99. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 84. B. 6* Br. n. 1683. 141. A. vernicosus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, shining pale-yellowish, fleshy, convex then flattened or piano- depressed, obtuse, even, smooth, involute at the margin ; flesh firm, whitish. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i^ in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, firm, tough, equal, even, smooth, yellow. Gills adnato-decurrent, equally attenuated behind, somewhat distant, light yellow. Odour none. It can only be compared with A. (Trich.} cerinus, but it is very easily distinguished by its shining pileus, smooth stem, and especially gills, which are truly decurrent (not sinuate), and not crowded. B. pileus somewhat infundibuliform, and hence the gills deeply decurrent. A. flavidus Sow. t. 366. In fir wood. Rare. Name — vernis, varnish. From its shining appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 105. Hym. Eur. p. 84. Icon. t. 50. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 108. C. Hbk. n. 83. Illust. PL 765 after Sow. 142. A. venustissimus Fr.~ Pileus 2.5-5 cent- O-2 in-) broad, splendid orange-reddish, but becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse or somewhat umbilicate, becoming slightly silky-even, sometimes even at the margin, sometimes (always when larger) striate and remarkably crenate or toothed in a crisped manner; flesh of the same colour. Stem 4 cent. (i% in.) long, 74 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, smooth, red- dish, commonly white-villous at the base. Gills truly decurrent, slightly distant, 3 mm. (i}4 lin.) broad, somewhat arcuate, glitter- ing orange and reddish. Odour none. The colours of the plant in its full vigour are so splendid and intense, glittering between red and orange, that the art of painting cannot produce a proper combination of colours to represent it. They become pale when the plant is old and dry, and pass into light yellowish. Among larch-leaves. Penicuik. Name — venustus, beautiful. Most beautiful. Fr, Monogr. ii. /. 289. Hym. Eur.p.%^. Icon. t. 50. f. 2. C. Illust. PL 265. 143. A. subalutaceus Batsch. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- O-2 in-) broad, becoming pale-tan, at length becoming pale, whitish, fleshy, soft, tough, convex then flattened, obsoletely umbonate or de- pressed, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (1-2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, internally spongy, elastic, equal or slightly thickened and here and there curved-ascending at the base, naked, becoming pale straw-colour. Gills adnate, then somewhat decur- rent, distant, broad, simple, pallid. Odour, like that of A. odorus, of anise, but weaker, sometimes obsolete. Its stature is that of A. venustissimus, but firmer and with a longer stem. Under holly. Oxton Exeter, 1875. Nov. Smell like that of A . putidus and A. rancidus, peculiar. B. £r Br. Name — sub, and aluta, soft leather dressed with alum. Somewhat of the colour of tanned leather. Batsch f. 194. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 107. Hym. Eur. p. 85. B. 6s Br. n. 1509. **** pneus green, becoming pale. 144. A. odorus Bull.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, greenish, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, regu- lar or repand, even, smooth, moist in rainy weather, the margin, which is at first inflexed, pubescent ; flesh not thick, dingy white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, rarely equal, sometimes shorter, firmer, and somewhat bul- bous, sometimes longer and more slender (not thickened at the base), flexuous, at first flocculoso-fibrillose, soon naked, commonly white villous at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, slightly distant, broad (broader than the flesh of the pileus), quite entire, commonly paler than the pileus. Tough ; changeable in stature, varying in colour between pallid green and •verdigris-grey, commonly of one colour, sometimes, however, the gills are white ; otherwise very easily distinguished by its pleasant odour of anise, chiefly when dried ; sometimes somewhat caespitose. LEUCOSPORI. 75 In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Clitocybe. Edible. Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 6x5 mk. K.; 8x4 mk. B.; 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — odorus, fragrant. Bull. t. 556. f. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 106. Hym. Eur. p. 85. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 85. Berk. Out. p. 108. C. Hbk. n. 84. Illust. PL 101. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 86. Sow. t. 42. Grev. t. 28. PL Dan. t. 1611. Krombh. t. 67. /. 20-22. 145. A. Trogii Fr. — Pileus becoming cinereous white, fleshy, compact, convex then expanded, obtuse, smooth, opaque. Stem solid, firm, curt, thickened and villous at the base, white. Gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, white. Very fragrant. Certainly distinct from A. odor-its in its compact flesh and robust stature. In woods. Coed Coch, £c. Sept. About the same size as A. odorus. Name — after Trog. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 85. TrogHelv.p. 14. B. & Br. n. 1846. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 29. C. Illust. PL 102. 146. A. rivulosus Pers.— Pileus at first inclining to flesh-colour, becoming white when dry and older, sometimes becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat thin, convexo-plane then depressed, never umbo- nate ; when young moderately regular, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, at length 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, repand, undulato-lobed, sprinkled with very delicate and closely adpressed and evened, at length truly rimoso-rivulose, whitish villous down; margin at first involute, villous ; flesh compact, white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, about 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed 'with a spongy pith, at length also hollow, tough, elastic, equal, somewhat fibrillose, becoming white. Gills obliquely acute behind, not equally attenuated, adnate then somewhat decurrent, broad, some- what crowded, flesh-colour then becoming white. Odour pleasant, taste mild. Sometimes solitary, sometimes caespitose. Changeable in colour and size. It can be properly recognised only in rainy weather. When casspitose it is larger, with undulato-lobed pileus, &c., so that it might be easily mistaken for var. difformis of A. cerussatus. On lawn, among moss, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Var. neptuneus Batsch, on dry mountain-pastures near the sea. Llandulas. B. & Br. Name — rivus, a stream. From the rivulet-like streaks on the pileus. Pers. Syn. p. 369. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 108. Hym. Eur. p. 86. B. & Br. n. 1734. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 87. C. Illust. PL 200, upper fig. Var. neptuneus (Batsch F. 118), B. 6° Br. n. 1994. C. Illust. PL 200, lower fig. ***** Colour white, shining whitish. 147. A. cerussatus Fr. Wholly white.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, 76 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. even, smooth, but at the first floccoso-fibrillose, the involute margin villous; flesh soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, fleshy-fibrous, elastic, thickened and more or less white-tomentose at the base, naked upwards, even. Gills adnate, then slightly decurrent, very crowded, thin, quite entire, narrow, never becom- ing yellow. Inodorous, taste mild. Often growing in troops. It differs from A. (Trick.} albus in the gills never becoming yellow. Compare Bull. t. 118, different from Hygrophorus eburneus in the crowded, very thin gills, and smooth stem. In mixed or fir woods. Frequent. April-Oct. Not umbonate as -4. o^zraj. M.J.B. Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Probably edible. Name — cerussa, white-lead. Fr. Monogr. -\. p. 108. Hym. Eur. p. 86. Berk. Out. p. 108. B. & Br. n. 670. C. Hbk. n. 85. Illust. PL 121. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 88. Fl. Dan. t. 1796. * A. difformis Schum. Casspitose, often gigantic ; pileus undulato-lobed ; stem curt, sulcate or longitudinally wrinkled ; gills at length pallid. It varies with the pileus at first sprinkled with flocci, 5-17.5 cent. (2-7 in.) broad in the same cluster, the stem of the larger specimens 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick and long. On rich ground. Spores 4x3 mk. B. Schum. p. 335. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 86. Monogr. i. p. 109. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 21. Sterb. t. 16. 148. A. phyllophilus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, tan then becoming pale white (of the same colour when moist and dry), fleshy, convex then piano-depressed, obtuse, but never truly infundibuliform, often excentric and repand, without striae, sprinkled with very thin silky superficial villous down, and silky towards the margin. Stem about 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, elastic, externally fibrous, internally stuffed with a spongy pith and hollow when this disappears, always tough, incurved (but not bulbous) and villous at the base, white. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, scarcely crowded, at first white, then becoming pale, almost tan-white. Tough, by no means hygrophanous, odour scarcely remarkable. The stature like that of A. pithyophilus, &c., varies exceedingly, sometimes small and solitary, sometimes large and caespitose. Stem sometimes straight, sometimes decumbent, sometimes smooth upwards. In woods among leaves, chiefly beech. Common. Sept.-Oct. Distinguished from A. cerussatus by its umbilicate pileus, and the gills changing at length to yellow. M.J.B. Spores 6x3 mk. W. G.S. ; 4-8 x 3-5. mk. B. Name — ^vAAov, a leaf ; t'Ao5, loving. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 109. Hym. Eur. p. 87. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 86. Illust. PI. 81. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 89. Fl. Dan. t. 1847. LEUCOSPORI. 77 149. A. pithyophilus Seer.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, ciitocybe. dead-white when moist, shining whitish when dry, fleshy but thin, rather plane, umbilicate, at length irregularly shaped, repand and undulato-lobed, even, smooth, flaccid, the margin slightly striate when old. Stem somewhat hollow, rounded then com- pressed, equal, even, smooth, obsoletely or scarcely pruinose at the apex, white tomentose at the (not bulbous) base. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, very crowded, plane, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distinct, quite entire, white. Odour not remarkable, but pleasant. Gregarious, somewhat casspitose ; •white indeed, but when moist watery and somewhat hygrophanous, in which it evidently differs from A. phyllophilus. A. tuba, which appears in the same places, is very like it. In fir woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores 6~7X4mk. B, Name — TTITU?, pine; i'Aos, loving. Seer. n. ion. Fr. Monogr. \. p. no. Hym. Eur. p. 87. B. & Br. n. 1107. C. Hbk. n. 87. Illust. PI. 103. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 90. 150. A. tornatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (*-2 in-) broad, wholly white, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, convex then becoming plane at length depressed round the gibbous disc, absolutely dry, properly smooth, but somewhat silky with a glued film, and at length delicately rimoso-rivulose ; flesh white. Stem 4 .cent, (i^ in.) long, 3-4 mm. (i^-2 lin-) thick, stuffed,, tough and fibrous, equal or attenuated downwards, round, smooth but unpolished, white, the base pubescent. Gills horizontal, wholly adnate with only a small decurrent tooth, plane, very crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) a little more broad. Inodorous. It can be easily recognised among neighbouring species by its small stature, and by its being remarkably regular with a. circinate pileus. The pileus is here and there darker on the disc. The glued film on the pileus is like that of A. rivulosus, to which it is allied, but from which it differs in its thinness, its regular form, its pure white unchangeable colour, and its more crowded gills. B. smaller, pileus smooth, gills somewhat crowded. Among grass beside decayed elm-stumps. North Kilworth, 1870, £c. Oct. Name — torno, to turn in a lathe. Regular as if turned. Fr. Monogr. i. /.no. Hym. Eur. p. 87. Icon. t. 41. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1200. C. Illust. PL 103. 151. A. candicans Pers. Wholly white.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then plane and depressed, umbilicate, sometimes regular, sometimes a little excentric, even, shining with a super- ficial-adpressed silky film. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, cartilaginous-waxy, polished, somewhat 7 8 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. flstulose, equal, even, smooth, shining, incurved rooting and villous at the base. Gills at first adnate, then decurrent, crowded, very thin, narrow, straight, almost linear. The silky film on the pileus is like that of neighbouring species. Slightly tough, approaching Omphalice in the nature of the stem. In fir woods there is a remarkable form: pileus plane, not umbilicate, naked (without silky villous down) ; stem thinner, flexuous, smooth at the base ; gills scarcely decurrent. In woods among leaves. Common. July-Nov. Spores 4-6x4 mk. B. Name — candico, to be shining white. Pers. Syn. p. 456. Fr. Monogr. i. p. in. Hym. Eur. p. 88. Icon. t. 51. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 88. Illust. PI. 82. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 91. Saund. 6s Sm. t. 39.7. i. Bull. t. 575.7. E. 152. A. dealbatus Sow. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, white, slightly fleshy, tough, convex then plane and at length revolute and undulated, always dry (not watery in rainy weather), even, smooth, somewhat shining, but as if innately- pruinose under a lens; flesh thin, arid, white. Stein 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, wholly fibrous, at length also fistulose, equal, but often ascending, whitish, mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin, crowded, white. Pileus sometimes orbicular, sometimes very repand. Odour weak, pleasant, but not very remarkable. Most distinct from A. candicans in the nature of the stem. In woods and pastures. Common. July-Oct. Edible. Its top is exceedingly like ivory. Its charming flavour is exceed- ed by very few other fungi. Spores 4x2 mk. W.G.S. Name — dealbo, to whitewash. Sow. t. 123. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 112. Hym. Eur. p. 88. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 89. Illust. PL 104. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 92. Hogg & Johnst. t. 10. Var. minor, C. Illust. PL 173. 153. A. gallinaceus Scop. Dingy white. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. 0£-i in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, not depressed, obtuse, unequal, dry, opaque, sprinkled with pruinaj flesh white, compact, though thin. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, solid, by no means cartilaginous, equal, ascending or flexuous, excentric, at the first flocculose-pruinose, always opaque and white. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, plane. Growing in troops. Its stature is almost that of A. dealbatus, but smaller, opaque, dingy white with a somewhat acrid taste. The pileus is not revolute, rather plane and always very obtuse. In woods and pastures. Common. Autumn. Distinguished from A. dealbatus by its opaque pileus and strong fungoid smell. M.J.B. Name — gallina, a hen. Meaning not apparent. Scop. Cam. p. 433. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 112. Hym. Eur. p. 88. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 90. Illust. PL 174. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 93. Hussey i. /. 39. LEUCOSPORI. 79 II.— DlFFORMES. Clitocybe. 154. A. decastes Fr. — Pileus of one colour, mouse or livid when moist, almost, tan when dry, fleshy at the disc, otherwise very thin, fragile, when flattened as broad as the palm of the hand, gibbous or obtuse, even, smooth (not streaked); margin wholly membranaceous, at the first shortly incurved, then ex- panded, very much undulated and lobed ; flesh composed of two easily scissile membranes, fragile, white. Stems solid, but soft, externally and internally wholly fibrous, splitting up (not some- what cartilaginous), united at the base, commonly attenuated or curved-ascending, often compressed, smooth, commonly naked, more rarely pruinose at the apex, each 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.) thick, wholly white. Gills adnato-decur- rent, or rounded, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.), broad, attenuated towards the margin, sometimes somewhat crowded, sometimes slightly distant, often undulated, and as if crenulated at the edge. The disc is more compact only from the apex of the stem. Spores plentiful, white, making the clusters mealy as in A. melleus. Odour not remarkable. Very variable in size, very much infested by larvae, hence it becomes fragile. The gills are rounded on one side as in the Tricholomata, not arcuate. In oak and beech woods forming smaller clusters, about 10 stems joined together; on naked soil however, in gardens and walks through plantations, forming huge clusters a foot in diameter. On sawdust. Coed Coch. Agreeing closely with the figure of Fries in the ' Icones ' ; but we are doubt- ful whether what we find is not an advanced stage of A. cryptarum. B. & Br. Name— Se»eas, a decade, company of ten. From the stems being united in bundles of about ten. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 116. Hym. Eur. p. 90. Icon. t. 52. B. &> Br. n. 1845. 155. A. aggregatus Schseff.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, grey-livid then rufescent, fleshy, convex then expanded, at the first umbonate, then depressed, often excentric, somewhat silky- streaked. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed, fibrous- fleshy, thickened upwards, white rufescent, curved, compressed. Gills unequally decurrent, crowded, thin, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, flesh colour then becoming light yellow. Very irregular. Stem very variable, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter ; many united at the base, forming often very large and lax clusters. Spores dingy white, sprinkled upon pilei which are near to each other, as in A. decas- tes. Strong smelling. According to Secretan the pileus is marked with darker spots. Easily distinguished from A. decastes, &c. by the flaccid, often excentric pileus, by the somewhat fibrillose stem, and by the gills being flesh colour to light yellow. If it did not always grow on the ground, it might be easily referred to Pleuroti ; its habit is almost that of A. ostreatus. It occurs smaller with dingy gills. So AGARICUS. Clitocybe. On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1878. July-Oct. Name — ad, and grego, to gather into a flock. Clustered. Schceff. t. 305, 306. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 117. Hym. Eur. p. 90. B. & Br. n. 1735. C. lllust. PI. 182. 156. A. elixus Sow. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fulig- inous when moist, then becoming pale with a somewhat silky habit, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, convex then flattened or de- • pressed, umbonate, undulato-repand, becoming even but delicately streaked; flesh dingy white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, firm, somewhat equal, even, fuliginous- whitish, velvety at the apex. Gills everywhere truly but unequally decurrent, distant, connected by veins, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, quater- nate, pure white. Gills almost obconical-decurrent. The only one of this group which is not casspitose. The habit is that of Hygrophorus caprinus, but it is certainly dis- tinct in the gills being thin, and in no wise at length waxy-soft. In woods. Frequent. Oct. Very bibulous, flesh soft. M.J.B. Name — elixus, soaked. From its sodden appearance. Sow. t. 172. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 114. Hym. Eur. p. 91. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 91. lllust. PI. 280. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 94. 157. A. fumosus, Pers.— Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, becoming fuliginous-fuscous, soon livid, or grey when dry, truly fleshy at the disc, thin towards the margin, convex then plane, obtuse, or gibbous only when young, sometimes circinate and regular, sometimes flexuous-undulated, even, smooth, somewhat hygrophanous ; flesh hyaline when moist, whitish when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-12 mm. (2-6 lin.) thick, solid or stuffed, fibrous-fleshy, somewhat equal, but often twisted or curved, smooth, dingy white, more or less white-mealy at the apex. Gills in regular specimens adnate, in irregular ones in one place decurrent and in another rounded, crowded, distinct, at the very first grey -white. Odour none. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tough, somewhat cartila- ginous. The colour of the pileus varies more or less dark ; pellicle adnate. Easily distinguished from A. elixus, &c., by its obtuse pileus, which is often regular, but never streaked. In woods. Uncommon. Oct. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. The densely caespitose form was formerly regarded as a variety, polius ; it is figured by Saunders & Smith t. 13. Fries has separated A. polius as a distinct species ; it is figured in Icones t. 48. /. i. Berkeley now regards what was formerly called var. polius as merely a csespi- tose state of A. fumosus. A. polius Fr. Icon. t. 48. f. T. is an entirely different plant. Name — fumus, smoke. From its smoky colour. Pers. Syn. 348. LEUCOSPORI. 8 1 Fr. Monogr. \. p. 115 (named A. nebularis by mistake). Hym. Eur. p. 91. Clitocyhe. Icon. t. 54. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. n. 92. Illust. PL 175. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 95. 158. A. tumulosus Kalchbr. — Pileus umber, becoming pale, fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth. Stem solid, floccoso-pruinose, pallid. Gills slightly emarginate and decurrent, crowded, white then becoming cinereous. Caespitose. The type of the Difformes. In woods. Hereford, 1871. Sept. Spores 6-7x4 mk. B. Name — tumulus, a mound. From the heaps formed by its mode of growth. Kalchbr. Fung. Hung. p. 13. t. 5. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 91. C. Illust. PL 105. 159. A. cryptarum Letell.— Pilei brown, spotted, somewhat conical, depresso-flocculent. Stems narrowly fistulose, more or less compressed, attenuated upwards, streaked, somewhat striate, white. Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, narrow, white. Densely caespitose. On sawdust. Coed Coch. Oct. Habit that of A. tumulosus. Pilei varying much in size, according to the denseness of the clusters. Inodorous, insipid ; stem mottled within. B. & Br. Name — crypta, a vault, cellar. Probably first found in a cellar. Letell. — B. & Br. n. 1844. 160. A. opacus With. White.— Pileus fleshy, convex, expanded, umbonate, repand, even, covered over with jloccose lustre. Stem stuffed, somewhat fibrillose, unequal, flexuous. Gills adnato- decurrent, very crowded, white. Sometimes connato-casspitose, sometimes single. Very much allied to A. cerussatus. In woods. Autumn. Remarkable for the silvery glair with which it is clothed, which sometimes admits of being rubbed off. M.J.B. Name — opacus, opaque. With. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 93. Berk. Out. p. no. C. Hbk. n. 93. Illust. PI. 176. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 96. Sow. t. 142. III. INFUNDIBULIFORMES. * Pileus coloured or becoming pale, &c. 161. A. maximus Fl. Wett.— Pileus as much as 30 cent, (i ft.) broad, becoming pale-tan or whitish,_/&^_y, compact at the disc, otherwise thin, somewhat flaccid (not fissile), broadly infundibuli- form, gibbous with a central umbo, always very dry, the surface 82 AGARICUS. ciitocybe becoming silky-even or squamulose ; margin involute, pubescent, always even; flesh white, at length soft. Stem as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, compact, but internally spongy, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-striate, whitish. Gills deeply decurrent, pointed at both ends, somewhat crowded, soft, simple, whitish, not changeable. The pileus is always very dry because the surface absorbs moisture. Odour weak, pleasant, almost that of A, infundibuliformis. On account of its gigan- tic stature and colour, it has often been interchanged with A. giganteus Sow. ; it is in no wise, however, allied to that species, but is so closely allied to A. infundibuliformis that it might be taken for a very luxuriant form of it. In grassy places, banks of hedges, &c. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 4-6x3-41^. K.; 5x3 mk. W.G.S.; 8x4 ink. B. Name — magnus, large. The largest of the section. Fl. Wett. p. 329. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 119. Hym. Eur. p. 93. B. & Br. n, 1337. S. My col. Scot, n. 97. C. Illust. PI. 135. Buxb. Cent. 4. t. i. A. giganteus Leys. & Auct. A. giganteus Sow. is a true Paxillus. 162. A. infundibuliformis Schasff.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, flesh-colour then becoming pale tan, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, when young moderately firm, convexo-depressed, gibbous with an umbo, involute at the margin ; when fuller grown softer, flaccid, wholly infundibuliform, on closer inspection silky on the surface, hence bibulous, never moist ; flesh soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, spongy- stuffed, externally firm, elastic, conico-attenuated, more rarely equal, pallid, white-tomentose at the base. Gills very decurrent, some- what crowded, very much pointed at each end, soft, shining white. Stem often eroded by larvae and hollow. Odour, especially when damp, weak but pleasant. The pileus varies in colour, passing from rufescent into tan and white, but not white at the first. In woods and grassy places. Common. July-Nov. Spores 5-6x3-4 mk. B. Namz—infundibulum, a funnel ; forma, form. Funnel-shaped. Schceff. t. 212. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 119. Hym. Eur. p. 93. Berk. Out. p. no. t. 5-/. 2. C. Hbk. n. 96. Illust. PI. 107. S. My col. Scot. n. 98. * A. membranaceus Fr. differs in all its parts being thinner, in its equal stem, in the pikus being -without an umbo, and in its brighter colour. Earlier than the typical A. infundibuliformis. In fir woods and grassy places. Rare. Spores 7 mk. W.G.S. Name — membrana, a thin skin. From its structure. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 120. Hym. Eur. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 96. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 98. Fl. Dan. t. 1012. Saund. 6* Sm. t. 39. /. 3, 4. Paul. t. 66. f. i. 163. A. trullseformis Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuscous- cinereous, unchangeable, fleshy, infundibuliform, the margin flat- tened, always sfo^s^flocculoso-villous and hence always dry ; flesh LEUCOSPORI. 83 equal, snow-white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, spongy-stuffed, Clitocybe. firm, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-striate, cinereous, vil- lous downwards. Gills truly decurrent, distant, connected by veins, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, shining white. Odour not remarkable. Approaching A. cyathiformis in the colour of the pileus and stem, but very different in the snow-white flesh and in the colour being by no means hygrophanous. The figure of Kalchbrenner (t. 6. /. i) differs in its smaller stature, in the fistulose stem and plane pileus being much thinner, and in the adnate gills. On the border of fir wood. Coed Coch. Oct. Spores ovoid-pruniform, finally punctate 6 mk. Q. Name — trulla a ladle, basin ; forma, form. Basin-shaped. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 121. Hym. Eur. p. 94. B. & Br. n. 1108. C. Hbk. n. 97. 164. A. incilis Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, ruddy -brick-red, fleshy, plano-umbilicate, then infundibuliform, even, silky-flocculose, but when young appearing smooth, obtuse, the inflexed margin crenate. Stem curt, 12 mm. (^ in.) rarely more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, or broader when compressed, hollow, fibrous, tough, unequal, commonly attenuated down- wards, brick colour, at first covered over with a very delicate_/?^- culose pruina which is easily rubbed off. Gills more or less decur- rent, arcuate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distant, reticulated with veins or distinct, white, then becoming pale, but not yellow. A changeable species. Odour sometimes mealy, sometimes obsolete. Not moist and not at all hygrophanous. Abnormal in this series. There is a smaller variety with the stem somewhat stuffed, becoming pallid fuscous-brick colour, and the pileus irregular, eccentric, somewhat silky, becoming fuscous- tan, becoming pale, the spreading margin undulato-crisped. In woods. King's Lynn. Name — incilis, cut in, incised. From the crenate pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 121. Hym. Eur. p. 94. B. dr1 Br. n. 1929. C. Illust. PL 281. a. 165. A. parilis Fr.— Pileus 18 mm. (% in.) broad, fuscous then grey-whitish, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, plane, de- pressed at the disc, atomate or flocculose at the disc, without striae; margin deflexed, involute. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, tough, equal, even, smooth, naked, be- coming ftiscous- grey. Gills deeply decurrent, very crowded, nar- row, whitish-grey. Abnormal in this series. Allied to A. (Trick. ) ccelatus and A. (Clit.) hirneo- lus. Its habit is that of Omphalice, but the stem is by no means cartilaginous. By the sides of plantations. Coed Coch. Spores ovoid, spotted, 7 mk. Q. Name—farilis, equal, perhaps symmetri- cal. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 122. Hym. Eur. p. 95. Icon. t. 48. /. 6. B. & Br. n. 1202. 84 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. ** Pileus coloured or pallid, &c. 166. A. gilvus Pers. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pale- yellowish, fleshy, compact, convex then depressed, very obtuse, even, smooth, dampish when fresh, polished and shining when dry, here and there spotted as with drops, the margin remaining long involute ; flesh compact, not laxly floccose, but at length fragile, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, solid, fleshy, stout, not elastic, somewhat equal, smooth, paler than the pileus, villous at the base. Gills decurrent, thin, very much crowded, often branched, arcuate, narrow, pallid then ochraceous. Odour not remarkable. The stem has been noticed at length also hollow, perhaps eroded by larvae. It corresponds with the Paxilli. The primary form, which is very different from all the rest, is curt, obese, robust, scarcely ever infundibuliform. B. protracta (lengthened out), externally and internally pallid-ochraceous, pileus somewhat thin, very broad (10-20 cent., 4-8 in.) and infundibuliform, the somewhat thin stem elongated, 10 cent. (4 in. ) In woods. West Farleigh, Kent. 1874. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 4-5x5 mk. K, Name— gilvus, pale yellow with a slight tinge of brown. Pers. Syn. p. 448, partly. Fr. Monogr. p. 122. Hym. Eur.p. 95. B. & Br. n. 1508. FL Dan. t. ion. C. Illust. PL 136. 167. A. subinvolutus Batsch.— Pileus brick-colour, convex, depressed, smooth, margin closely involute ; flesh pallid. Stem paler, stout, straight, somewhat equal, veined on the lower part with oblique coalescing slightly elevated wrinkles, tomentose and inclining to flesh-colour above towards the gills, base obtuse. Gills decurrent, rather broad, of the same colour as the pileus. The stem is rough on the surface and destitute of lustre. It resembles A. involutus (Paxillus involutus) in size and habit, in the crenate and involute margin of the pileus, and in the stem being obsoletely veined at the base and tomentose towards the gills. Under Scotch fir. Laxton Park, Norths. Oct. Name. From its likeness to A. involutus, with which Batsch compares it. Batsch t. 204. B. &> Br. n. 1508*. C. Illust. PL 108. 168. A. spinulosus Stev. & Sm.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in-) broad, creamy flesh-colour, fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, gibbous or umbonate, leathery, smooth, edge even and incurved ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid or stuffed, attenuated from the thickened base, fibrillose, whitish, zoned with crowded spots of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, single, rather crowded, white then light-yellow. Odour sweet and pleasant. Growing in large patches, singly or two or three together. LEUCOSPORI. 85 Among grass by wayside. Greenings, 1868. Nov. ciitocybe. The spinulose spores mark this as a distinct species. It differs in habit from A. geotropus, which has even spores. Saunders and Smith figured the plant as A. subinvolutus Batsch, which Fries at first regarded as a variety of A. geotropus. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries records it as a distinct species, and refers to the figure of Batsch as doubtful. Berkeley having found the true plant of Batsch, it becomes necessary to change the name of Smith's plant. Spores spinulose, 9 mk. W.G.S. Name — from the spinulose spores. Stev. — Saund. &> Sm. t. 36. A. subinvolutus Saund. & Sm., Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 96. A. geotropus var. subinvolutus, C. Illust. PL 177. 169. A. geotropus Bull.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in.) broad, tan-flesh-colour, truly fleshy, convex then piano-depressed, com- monly gibbous, even, very smooth, moist in rainy weather, when young spotted as with drops, the spots commonly vanishing with age; margin thin, pubescent, inflexed ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, fleshy, not elastic, slightly attenuated upwards, somewhat flbrillose, white, becoming yellow. Gills deeply decurrent, simple, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, white, but becoming pale. Corresponding with A. maximus, but firmer, smooth, and more changeable in colour. The pileus is thinner and the gills are less crowded than in A. gilvus, &c. It varies with the stem curt. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores 5-7 mk. W.G.S. Name— y^, the earth ; rpe™, to turn. From the turned-down margin. Bull. t. 573. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 123. Hym. Eur. p. 96. Berk. Out. p. no. C. Hbk. n. 98. Illust. PL 83. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 99. Hussey i. t. 66. Harz. t. 75. Letell. t. 670. Paul. t. 112. A. pileolarius Sow. t. 61. Grev. t. 41. 170. A. splendens Pers.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale- yellowish becoming yellow, somewhat fleshy, thin especially round the shortly reflexed margin, piano- depressed, at length infun- dibuliform, even, smooth, shining. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in-) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid, sometimes equal and straight, sometimes attenuated from the base, ascending, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, thin, crowded, simple, white but becoming light-yellow when old. It varies with the pileus excentric, and in larger specimens with the margin repand. Pileus not flaccid, much thinner than that of A. gilvus. Gills less crowded. Flesh white. Intermediate between A. gilvus and A. flaccidus. Commonly single, not caespitose like A . inversus and A . flaccidus. In woods among dead leaves. Reading, 1874, £c. Sept. Name — splendens, shining. Pers. Syn. p. 452. Hym. Eur. p. 96. Icon. t. 55./. i. B. dr3 Br. n. 1510. C. Illust. PL 109. 171. A. inversus Scop.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, 86 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. brick colour or liver-rufescent,^?^/^, somewhat fragile, in no wise flaccid, convexo-plane, obtuse, then infundibuliform and undulated, even, very smooth, moist when fresh, but never guttate, sloping towards the margin, varying excentric ; flesh not thick but com- pact, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Stem sometimes stuffed, commonly hollow, hence compressed, externally with a slightly rigid outer coat, not elastic, without a bulb, smooth, whitish, somewhat rooted and- white-villous at the base. Gills truly decurrent, scarcely 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, crowded, simple, whitish, but then of the same colour as the pileus at the edge. Odour peculiar, slightly acid. It corresponds with A. infundibuliformis Schaeff., and like it presents two forms — one, which is at the first gibbous, being the rarer ; the other, which is destitute of an umbo, being the more frequent and nearest to A. splendens. It differs from A. gilvus in its entire nature. The primary form is regular, solitary, with the stem attenuated upwards, and of the same colour as the pileus. More frequently it is somewhat ctespitose, with the stems curved and compressed, and the pileus very obtuse, unequal, and somewhat repand. A. lobatus Sow. is a luxuriant condition of this ; stem thickened upwards, pileus somewhat date-brown and undulato-lobed. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. When dry the pileus has a very smooth oiled appearance. Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Na.me—tnverto. Inverted. Scop. Cam. p. 445. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 124. Hym. Eur. p. 97. Berk. Out. p. in. C. Hbk. n. 99. Illust. PL 84. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 100. Schceff. t. 65. A. infundibuliformis Bull. t. 553. A. lobatus Sow. t. 186. 172. A. flaccidus Sow.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, tawny-ferruginous, shining, not becoming pale, slightly fleshy, tough, orbicular, flaccid (especially when dry), at the first umbili- cate, always without an umbo, then infundibuliform, the spreading border slightly convex, smooth, even, rarely rimuloso-squamulose ; flesh thin, pallid, somewhat fragile when fresh, flaccid however when dry. Stem curt, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat hollow, elastic, tough, somewhat equal, polished, naked, rubiginous-ferruginous, thickened and villous at the base. Gills deeply, almost obconico-decurrent, remarkably arcuate, very crowded, narrow, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, simple, whitish then becoming yellow. Gregarious, forming rings, the stems often growing together under the soil, but also solitary, regular. The gills become yellow sometimes wholly, some- times only at the edge. Allied to A. inversus. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores 4 mk. W.G.S.; 4-5x3-4 mk. B. Name—facczdus, flaccid, limp. Sow. t. 185. Monogr. \. p. 124. Hym. Eur. p. 97. Berk. Out. p. in. C. Hbk. n. 100. Illust. PL 123. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 101. FL Batav. t. 1044. Van lobatus Sow. C. Illust. PL 137. LEUCOSPORI. 87 173. A. vennicularis Fr.— Pileus beautiful flesh-colour then ciitocybe. tan-flesh-colour, fleshy, thin, umbilicato-convex then reflexed, in- fundibuliform, undulato-lobed, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, at length (soon) com- pressed, smooth, shining, white, not elastic, fragile rather. Gills shortly decurrent, very crowded, thin, white. Gregarious, inodorous, somewhat fragile, moist in rainy weather, slightly ' inous. In fir wood. Forres, 1883. Sept. Name -^vermis, a worm. From the peculiar fleshy colour. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 125. Hym. Eur. p. 98. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 21. 174. A. senilis Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, dingy-tan, fleshy-membranaceous, flaccid, the disc depressed when young, soon infundibuliform, smooth, concentrically full of scars, margin spreading (not reflexed). Stem 4-5 cent. (i>£-2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, often ascending, smooth, whitish, naked at the base. Gills deeply decurrent in a straight line, linear, narrow, very crowded, at first whitish, then of the same colour as the pileus. The colour is not easily described, of a dingy fuscous tan. Gregarious, inodorous. It approaches A. flaccidus, though not in colour. On lawn. Coed Coch, 1880. Autumn. Spores 7x3 mk. W.P. Name — senilis, pertaining to age. From the scars on the pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 98. Icon. t. $6.f. i. B. & Br. n. 1847. C. Illust. PL no. *** Pileus shining whitish, &c. 175. A. catinus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first white, in no wise hygrophanous, then passing into pale flesh-colour during rain, and into tan-colour in dry weather, fleshy, moderately thin, plane then infundibuliform, always obtuse, even, smooth; flesh i\\\n, flaccid, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) thick, stuffed, internally spongy, elastic, tough, thickened and tomentose at the base. Gills decurrent, straight, descending not horizontal, broad, not much crowded, persistently white. The gills are broader than those of neighbouring species. The stem has occurred equal. Allied to A. flaccidus, and very much allied to A. infundi- buliformis ; it is strongly scented with the pleasant odour of the latter, but is singular in the colour being primarily wholly white, then flesh-colour during rain, not becoming pale. For this reason it is analogous with A.phyllophilus, which, however, is easily distinguished by its pileus never being infundibuliform, by its thin stem, by its adnate gills, and by being inodorous. 88 AGARICUS. ciitocybe. Among dead leaves. Ludlow, 1881. Autumn. Name — catinus, a bowl. From its shape. Fr. Monogr, i. p. 126. Hym- Eur. p. 99. Icon. t. 51. / 4. C. Illust, PL in. Compare Bull. t. 286. 176. A. tuba Fr. Wholly white.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate, even, always with- out striae at the margin, dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry (somewhat hygrophanous), properly smooth, but at the first sprinkled with a very thin, slightly silky, easily separating film. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, at length compressed, very tough, equal, naked up- wards, not pruinate. Gills deeply and truly decurrent, horizontal, very crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, white becoming pale. Gregarious, inodorous. Allied to Cyathiformes from the somewhat hygro- phanous pileus. Nearest to A. pithyophilus, but easily distinguished by the form of the pileus (umbilicate) and by the gills being deeply and attenuato- decurrent. On dead leaves, &c. Coed Coch, 1878, &c. Autumn. Name — tuba, a trumpet. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 127. Hym. Eur. p. 99. Icon. t. 51. / 2. B. & Br. n. 1736. C. Illust. PI. 112. Paul. t. 65. f. 2-5 (base naked, but also and commonly villous). 177. A. ericetorum Bull. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I~2 m>) broad, white, fleshy, globose then plane or concave, somewhat turbinate, obtuse, often excentric and when irregular somewhat repand, smooth, shining. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, but floccoso-soft internally, evidently atten- uated downwards, sometimes compressed, tough, naked, smooth, white. Gills rather shortly decurrent, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, somewhat distant, connected by veins at the base, persistently white. So like Hygrophorus niveus that it is difficult to distinguish between the figures of the two species, but the structure is very different ; for A. ericetorum is arid, soft, elastic, with a pleasant odour — in short nearest to A. infundibuliformis. Among short grass. Coed Coch, 1872, &c. Sept.-Nov. Nzme—ericetum, a heath. Bull. t. 551. / i. D—F. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 127. Hym. Eur. p. 99. B. fr3 Br. n. 1338. C. Illust. PL 138. SERIES B. IV.— CYATHIFORMES. 178. A. cyathifonnis Fr.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in-) broad, black-umber, &c., slightly fleshy, piano-depressed when young, LEUCOSPORI. 89 then infundibuliform, even, smooth, hygrophanous, somewhat ciltocybe. shining when moist, becoming pale and opaque when dry, undu- lated when luxuriant ; flesh scissile, watery, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus ; the margin remaining long involute. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, spongy-stuffed, elastic, at length also hollow, attenuated upwards, fuscous^rz'/- lose, somewhat reticulated, of the same colour as the pileus or a little paler, naked (not pruinose) at the apex, villous at the base. Gills adnate, decurrent on account of the changed form of the pileus, joined behind, distant, cinereous -fuscous, occasionally branched. Very changeable. Commonly becoming black-umber, but varying paler fus- cous-cinereous ; also flesh-colour then tan, pale cinnamon, becoming fuscous then clay or tan (Bull. t. 575. /. F — //".), the gills whitish, becoming fuscous, rufous (Bolt. t. 59. ) When old the margin is expanded, nay slightly striate. In sterile ground, the stem is more slender, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick upwards, fibrilloso-striate ; the pileus somewhat membranaceous, at the first deeply um- bilicate, the margin naked ; the gills grey. It occurs also on rotten wood. In woods, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores 8x5 mk. W.G.S.; 10-12x5-6 mk. B. Name—cyathus, a cup; forma, form. Cup-shaped. Monogr. \. p. 128. Hym. Eur. p. 100. Berk. Out. p. in. C. Hbk. n. 101. Illust. PI. 113. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 102. Hussey ii. t. i. Gonn. & Rab. t. 9. /. i (/. 2 monstrous). Hoffm. Anal. t. 3. /. i. Bull. t. 575. / M. &c. Vaill. t. 14.7. 1-3.— Bolt. t. 145. Holmsk. Ot. ii. t. 41. Sow. t. 363 (various forms, no good figure). 179. A. expallens Pers.— Pileus when young somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, even, cinereous- fuscous, at first sprinkled with white silky dew, then plano-infundi- buliform, livid, the disc slightly fleshy, the soon expanded margin membranaceous and striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, rarely more, flocculose internally, soon hollow, tough, equal, smooth, white-silky at the apex. Gills decurrent, acute at both ends, thin, slightly distant, soft, white-cinereous. Wholly watery, very hygrophanous ; pileus when dry hoary-whitish or tan colour. It is smaller, earlier, and paler than A. cyathiformis, and can with difficulty be distinguished from thinner forms of that species. The gills are more crowded. In mixed wood. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name — ex, and palleo, to be pale. In ' Icones ' Fries gives the form origin- ally described as A. expallens by Persoon, and represented in Bull. t. 575. /. i. G., and the form described under the same name by himself, and repre- sented in Icon. t. 56. /. 2, as specifically distinct, and regards A. expallens Pers. (Fr. Icon. t. 56. f. 3.) as a form of A. cyathiformis. In ' Hym. Eur.,' however, he includes the two forms under one name. Pers. Syn. p. 461. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 128. Hym, Eur. p. 100. Icon. t. 56. f. 2. B. trivialis, becom- ing fuscous, stem longer. Bull. t. 575. /. i. G. A. expallens Fr. Icon. t. 56. 90 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. /• 3- B. & Br. n. 1511. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 103. A. cyathiformis var. ex- pallens C. Ittust. PL 220. 180. A. obbatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous- blackish, becoming very pale when dry, cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, scissile only at the disc, convexo-plane with a broadly umbilicate disc, smooth, striate to the middle. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, equal, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, but in becoming compressed 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, hollow, often ascending or flexuous, smooth, naked, slightly striate (strias inter- rupted white), fuscous-cinereous. Gills slightly decurrent, distant, broad, dark cinereous, white-pruinose. B. Pileus infundibuliform ; stem spongy-soft, internally fistulose with floe- cose vanishing villous down, wholly smooth, even and naked; gills almost bluish-grey-cinereous. The whole very watery, tough, flexible, inodorous. Easily distinguished by its slender stature, its striate pileus, and distant gills, which are at length white pulverulent, as in A. melleus or laccatus. In fir woods. Ely, 1870, &c. Nov. Name — obba, a kind of cup. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 129. Hym. Eur. p. 101. Icon. t. 57. f. i. B. fir1 Br. n. 1200*. Buxb. iv. /. 3. f. i. Bull. t. 248 /. C. represents its habit excellently, but the stem is coloured white. C. Must. PL 230. 181. A. pruinosus Lasch. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, brown, becoming cinereous when dried, hygrophanous, fleshy- membranaceous, when young umbilicate and pruinose, when full grown broadly infundibuliform and smooth, sometimes squamu- lose; flesh thin, becoming cinereous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-3 mm. (i-i^ lin.) thick, stuffed or obsoletely fistulose, equal, often ascending or curved, Jibrillose when young, of the same colour as the pileus, but often paler. Gills decurrent, crowded, narrow, slightly arcuate when young, scythe-shaped when full grown, white then dingy. Thin, slightly rigid, inodorous. The pruina on the pileus is lead-colour. The stem is more solid, thickened, and flocculose at the base. Easily distin- guished from neighbouring species by its habit and colours. Like A. cyathi- formis, but perhaps nearer to Hydrogrammi. On rotten wood and on the ground. Kew, 1882. Nov.-Dec. Name— pruina, hoar-frost. From the pruina on the pileus. Lasch. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 101. Icon. t. 57. / 3. C. Illust. PL 231. 182. A. concavus Scop.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, hygrophanous, fuliginous when moist, cinereous or clay-hoary when dry, slightly fleshy, very thin, flaccid, at first plano-convex, widely and deeply umbilicate, then wholly concave (not infundi- buliform), smooth, the convexo-plane border undulated, margin LEUCOSPORI. QI even; flesh tough, pallid. Stem 2.5 cent (i in.) or a little more Clitocybe. broad, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, tough, but wholly fibrous- soft, commonly curt, equal, naked, smooth, cinereous. Gills decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, dark fuliginous. Often gregarious; almost inodorous. At first sight like a species of Omphalia. In woods. Rare. Spores ovoid, comma-shaped, slightly punctate, greenish, 10 mk. Q. Name — concavus, concave. Scop. Cam. p. 449. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 130. Hym. Eur. p. 102. Icon. t. S7-/- 2- &• & Br. n. 1512. 183. A. brumalis Fr.— Pileus livid when moist, whitish and at length becoming yellow when dry, commonly darker at the disc, fleshy-membranaceous, at first convex, umbilicate, reflexed at the circumference, 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, then infundibuliform, often irregular and undulated, as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, smooth, even. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, slightly firm, hollow, equal or slightly thickened at the apex, at length compressed, somewhat incurved, smooth, naked, becoming livid, white when dry, white-villous at the base. Gills decurrent, at first arcuate, then descending, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, distinct, livid, then becoming yellow-white. Odour weak, not unpleasant. B. Wholly watery whitish. Pileus infundi- buliform, margin deflexed, milk-white when dry; stem fistulose, somewhat striate, smooth at the base; gills less crowded, but rather broad, whitish. Bull. t. 278. A—B. In woods. Common. Oct.-Jan. Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Name — bruma, winter. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 131. Hym. Eur. p. 103. Berk. Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 102. Illust. PL 114. S. My col. Scot. n. 104. V.— ORBIFORMES. * Gills becoming cinereous. 184. A. metachrous Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in-) broad, fuscous-cinereous when young, then livid, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, at first convex, soon rather plane or depressed, margin even, slightly striate only when old. Stem about 4 cent (\Yz in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, but broader when com- presssed, stuffed when young, round, soon hollow and hence becoming easily compressed, equal, tough, externally fibrous, grey, ivhite-pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, crowded, linear, plane, thin, whitish-cinereous. 92 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. Protean, but the essential marks by which it can always be easily distin- guished are these : odour none, stem pruinose at the apex, pileus convex (and somewhat umbonate) then plane and depressed, gills cinereous-whitish. One variety has the darker disc fuscous, another is flesh-coloured, another dingy- rufescent (Batschf. 102). In grassy woods, among leaves, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores 6x3 mk. W.P. Name — /aera, of change of condition; xpws, colour. Changing colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 103. Berk. Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 103. Illust. PI. 115. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 105. 185. A. pausiacus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, ciner- eous, becoming somewhat olive, fleshy, thin, at first convex (sometimes umbonate), then plane and depressed, even, smooth (when young covered over with hoary silky dew). Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 3 mm. (ij£ lin.) thick, tough, somewhat hol- low, equal, striate and often undulated on the surface, smooth, but white pruinose at the apex, cinereous. Gills very broad be- hind and obtusely adnate, very crowded, semicircular, manifestly inclining to olivaceous at every stage of growth. Odour weak, but frumentaceous. Allied to A. metachrous, but easily dis- tinguished by its very broad and olivaceous gills. Intermediate between A. metachrous and A. ditopus. On the ground. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Nsane—pausia, an olive. From the colour of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 104. Icon. t. 58. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1737. 186. A. ditopus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, cinereous, somewhat fleshy, tough, at first convexo-plane and ob- tuse, at length inverted, infundibuliform and often undulato- lobed. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, hollow then compressed, equal, naked, pale cinereous, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, at length turned upwards and divergent in the lobes, dark cinereous. Its stature is that of A. metachrous, but it has a very strong odour of new meal. Remarkable as compared with the rest for its toughness and irregular- ity of form, and for being found only in a rotten condition in later autumn when the rest are in fullest vigour. Among dead leaves. Moccas Park, 1881. Name— &TTOS, twofold ; TTOV?, a foot. Probably from stems growing two together. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 104. C. Illust. PI. 116. ** Gills whitish. 187. A. diatretus Fr.— Pileus slightly fleshy, tough, when young convex, regular, obtuse, 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, the involute margin pubescent, when full grown piano-depressed, 2.5-5 cent- LEUCOSPORI. 93 (1-2 in.) broad, often flexuous, even, smooth, hygrophanous,yfcy/z- ciitocybe. colour when moist, at length tan colour and flaccid, the spread- ing margin naked, whitish when dry. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, spongy-stuffed then hollow, elastic, flexile, equal, round, even, smooth, pallid, naked at the apex, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, but sharp-pointed behind and decurrent with a tooth, crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, at first white-flesh-colour then becoming pale-white. Almost inodorous. Easily distinguished by its unusual colour. Pileus slightly rigid when young. The stem is not cartilaginous. In pine wood. Coed Coch. Autumn. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries describes the stem as tense and straight. Name — StaTprjTos, perforate. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 104. B. 6* Br. n. 1406. C. Illust. PL 232. 188. A. fragrans Sow. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 in-) broad, of one colour not darker at the disc, watery pallid when moist, whit- ish when dry, slightly fleshy, rather plane, at first convex then somewhat depressed, smooth, even or when moist slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, elastic, equal, smooth, even, most frequently, however, villous at the base, and here and there ob- soletely pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, sharp-pointed be- hind, somewhat decurrent, rather crowded, broader than the watery flesh of the pileus, whitish. Habit not distinguished, but very remarkable for its strong fragrant odour of anise. In mossy places in woods and pastures. Common. July-Jan. Spores 6x 4 mk. W.G.S. Very remarkable for its power of standing cold. On the 30th December 1882 I gathered it, after very severe frost (Ther.— o for three nights in succession) and a week of complete thaw, in a perfectly fresh condition, and with the smell unchanged. Name— -fragrans, sweet- scented. Sow. t. 10. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 105. Berk. Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 104. Illust. PL 124. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 106. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 27. /. 5. Krombh. t. i./. 34-38. Letell. t. 658. Brig. t. 19. Hoffm. Anal. t. $.f. 2. 189. A. angustissimus Lasch.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, watery white, shining whitish when dry, fleshy, thin, piano- depressed, not umbilicate, even, smooth ; margin spreading, slightly striate when old ; flesh, though very thin, moderately firm. Stem stuffed, internally fibrous, 2-3 mm. (i-iK lm-) thick, often curved and flexuous, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, smooth or pubes- cent at the base, naked at the apex. Gills somewhat decurrent, very crowded, thin, narrow, white. 94 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. Very like A.fragrans, but inodorous; colour purer white and stem thinner. Less watery than others of this group. Among leaves. Ascot, 1873, &c. Oct. Name — angustus, narrow. From the very narrow gills. Lasck. n. 523. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 105. Icon. t. 59. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 125. B. 6s Br. n. 1407. 190. A. obsoletus Batsch.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, at first grey but soon turning whitish, clay-white when dry, sometimes inclining to flesh -colour, somewhat fleshy, soft, convex or gibbous then plane and depressed, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then soon hol- low, elastic, tough, at first round, then often compressed, but never flexuous, even, smooth, very obsoletely pruinate at the apex, whit- ish. Gills obtusely adnate, almost rounded behind, then adnato- decurrent, broad, crowded, grey-whitish. Gregarious, obsoletely fragrant. Intermediate between A. metachrous and A. fragrans. Among grass and leaves. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.-Nov. Odour varying from that of bitter almonds to that of aniseed. B. & Br. Name — obsoletus, obsolete, faint. The term obsoletus used by Batsch does not refer to an odour less than that of A. fragrans, but to the pallid tint as com- pared with his A. obsolescens. B. & Br. Batsch f. 103. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 105. B. & Br. n. 1738, 1929. C. Illust. PL 233. Fr. Dan. t. 2021. VI. — VERSIFORMES. * Pileus dirty-coloured, &c. 191. A. ectypus Fr.— Pileus about 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dingy or light-yellow-honey colour, then rufescent and when rot- ting almost brown, fleshy, somewhat thin, convex then rather plane or depressed, streaked at the disc with innate fibrils radiat- ing from the centre, as if sprinkled with soot or squamulose ; mar- gin very thin, striate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, hollow, elastic, somewhat bulbous or equal, fibril- lose, becoming dingy light yellow, soon olivaceous, becoming black at the base. Gills adnate, also decurrent with a rather delicate tooth, distant, connected by veins, white, soon becoming pale, then spotted-rufous, somewhat mealy with the plentiful spores. The colour is both variable and changeable with age. Gregarious ; some- times many are joined in a caespitose manner at the base. Odour at first pleasant, of anise, at length foetid. Of the nature of A. melleus which it approaches in the gills being somewhat mealy with the spores as well as in colour, but without the trace of a veil. LEUCOSPORI. 95 In meadows, damp places. Mossb urn ford, Jedburgh, &c. Dec. ciitocybe. Spores ovoid-pruniform, 9 mk. Q. Name — e/cTuiros, worked in relief. Prob- ably from the appearance of the markings. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 140. Hym. Eur, p. 107. Icon. t. 59. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 106. Illust. PI. 126. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 107. 192. A. bellus Pers.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, dark yellow, sometimes rufescent, sprinkled with darker squamules, at length becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, pliant, convex then ex- panded, depressed in the centre, at length undulato-repand at the margin. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed tit length hollow, equal, tough, but fibrous, and exter- nally rivulose with the fibrils, becoming yellow. Gills adnate, at length decurrent with a tooth, very broad, distant, connected by veins, sometimes branched, paler than the pileus, becoming yellow, at length rufescent. Somewhat caespitose. Almost intermediate between A. ectypus and A. laccatus ; odour when old almost that of the former, but otherwise nearer to the latter, and almost equally various in stature. In fir plantations. Uncommon. Sept. Gills incarnato-ferruginous, so far differing from Fries. It is at once distin- guished from A. laccatus by its foetid smell. M.J.B. Name — bellus, of beauty. Pretty. Pers. Syn. p. 452. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 140. Hym. Eur. p. 107. Berk. Out. p. 113, not Gonn. & Rab. C. Hbk. n. 107. Illust. PL 183. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 108. ** Pileus bright, &>c. 193. A. laccatus1 Scop.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, thin, almost membranaceous, convex, at length rather plane, more or less umbilicato-depressed, dry, but remarkably hygrophanous, becoming pale in drying, and the cuticle separating into mealy squamules or somewhat silky, sometimes undulato- crisped and variously irregularly shaped. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, tough, wholly fibrous, stuffed, equal, often flexuous, or twisted, fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus, white villous at the base. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, commonly distinct, very broad, distant, plane, flesh-colour or violaceous, at length white-mealy. There are two primary types of colour : one rufous-flesh when moist, pileus ochraceous when dry ; the other dark violaceous, pileus becoming hoary when dry. Besides that the colours are both variable and changeable, its stature is 1 The Rev. M. J. Berkeley proposes a new genus, Laccaria, of which this species is the type. As there are other subgenera, e.g. , Jnocybe, which may ultimately rank as genera, it is better perhaps in the meantime to retain A. laccatus and its allies under Ciitocybe. 96 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. so various that it is possible to gather individual specimens 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) or (in sandy paths) 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin. ) high ; these are at the same time very irregularly formed, excentric, &c. The following varieties in colour are more constant : a) rufous-flesh, pileus when dry somewhat ochraceous. A. farinaceus Huds. Bolt. t. 64. Sow. t. 208. Fl. Dan. t. 1249. A. rosellus Batsch f. 99; b) yellow, gills flesh-colour. Buxb. C. iv. t. 30, /. i; c) pileus yellow-violaceous, ochraceous when dry, gills violaceous. A. impolitus Schum.; d) dark violaceous, pileus becoming hoary when dry. A. amethystinus Bott. t. 63. Sow. t. 187. In woods, &c. Extremely common. June-Dec. Spores globose, M.J.B. ; echinulate, p-io mk. K. ; rough, 8-10 mk. B. ; 9 mk. W. G.S. A most provoking Agaric. Name — lac, a resinous substance, produced on trees in the East by the lac insect, used in dyeing. From the peculiar red of the pileus resembling that of gum-lac. Scop. p. 444. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 141. Hym. Eur. p. 108. Berk. Out. p. 113. t. 5. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 108. Illust. PL 139. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 109. Grev. t. 249. Hussey \. t. 47. Schceff. t. 13. Bull. t. 570.7. i. Krombh. t. 43. / 17-20. Batt. t. 18. G — /. A. tortilis Bolt, t. 41.7 A is perhaps only a very irregular form. 194. A.Sadleri B. & Br.— Pileus 5-6 cent. (2-2^ in.) broad, light yellow, centre tawny, piano - depressed or umbilicate, at first slightly silky, at length becoming smooth towards the centre. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) high, about >£ in. thick except at the base where it is thickened, yellow, with tawny fibrils, becoming smooth. Gills decurrent, thin, very crowded, lemon-yellow, quite entire at the margin. Csespitose ; strong-smelling. The taste is intensely acrid, like that of A. fascicularis. Probably of exotic origin. On an oak tub in Conservatory. Edinburgh, 1877. Jan.-Oct. Name— after John Sadler. B. & Br. n. 1734 bis. Trans. Dot. Soc. Ed. xiii. /. 216. S. Mycol. Scot. n. no. C. Illust. PL 127. Coiiybia. Subgenus VI. COLLYBIA (/c Br. n. 263, 323. C. Hbk. n. 139. Illust. PI. 128. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vol. vi. /. 214. Paul. t. 97. f. i, 2. ? Buxb. C. iv. t. 18. A. grammocephalus Bull t. 594. — Clusii Pern. gen. viii. Sterb. t. 16. H. * A. repens Fr. — Pileus more fleshy, depressed ; stem hollow, compressed, pruinate at the apex, with a creeping string-like my- celium. It is most distinguished by its white, villous, anastomosing, very much branched mycelium which creeps a long distance in a rooting string-like man- ner. The so-called roots are quite heterogeneous from the stem, not a pro- LEUCOSPORI. 99 longation of the stem itself. Rhizomorpha xylostroma Ach. in Vet. Ac. Collybia. Handl. 1814, /. g.f. 7 represents the very singular mycelium. Name— repens, creeping. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 148. Hym. Eur. p. no. Icon. t. 61. Berk. Out. p. 114. 198. A. semitalis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, when fresh moist, pitch-black, fuliginous or smoky-livid, hygro- phanous, when dry sometimes becoming pallid cinereous-yellow or isabelline, sometimes grey, fleshy-cartilaginous, thin, convex then plane, obtuse, even, smooth; the margin at first inflexed and smooth, then spreading and slightly pellucid-striate ; flesh thin, scissile, moist when in vigour, white when dry. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then somewhat hollow, tough, elastic, attenuated from the somewhat bulbous and often bluntly-rooting base, fibrilloso-striate, slightly fuscous- or cinereous-white, naked at the apex. Gills obtuse (attenuated or rounded) behind, adfixed in the form of a ring with a small tooth which is decurrent on the stem, somewhat distant, broad, distinct, white then becoming cinereous, spotted black when touched, and at length becoming black, but the spores white. Sometimes caespitose. Its true affinity and place are very doubtful ; from its habit it belongs to this group, but it grows on the ground, and the cuticle of the stem, which is fibrous internally, is membranaceous. It is wholly some- what cartilaginous, however, somewhat tough, most variable in its dimensions. B. Stem sometimes curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4mm. (2 lin.) thick, equal, but curved-ascending, wholly solid ; pileus piano-depressed, irregular, less hygrophanous. C. Stem solid, bulbous (the bulb as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick), &c. The gills, however, always present marks by which it may be safely distinguished from all others. By waysides after much rain. Coed Coch. Oct.-Nov. Name — semitalis, pertaining to footpaths or byways. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 146. Hym. Eur. p. no. Icon. t. 62. B. & Br. n. 1739. C. Illust. PL 292. Buxb. C. iv. t. 14. 199. A. fusipes Bull.— Pileus 4 cent. (i% in.) broad, rufescent- r eddish-brown, becoming pale and also dingy tan, fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate (the umbo at length vanishing), even, smooth, dry, here and there broken up in cracks when dry. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, commonly 12 mm. ()4 in.) but here and there as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fibrous-stuffed then hollow, remarkably cartilaginous externally, swollen, ventri- cose in the middle, attenuated at both ends, often twisted, longitudi- nally striato-sulcate, rufous or rufous-brown, rooted in a fusiform manner at the base. Gills annulato-adnexed, soon separating, free, broad, distant, firm, connected by veins, crisped, white then be- coming somewhat of the same colour as the pileus, often spotted. 100 AGARICUS. Collybia. On account of the rigid cuticle the stem is often split into cracks forming revolute flaps. Commonly densely caespitose, very various in stature and size, but always firm, tough. On old stumps, &c. Common. July-Nov. Spores 6x3 mk. W.G.S. ; 4-5x2-4 mk. B. The taste is pleasant, soil may perhaps be edible. Name— -fusus, a spindle ; pes, a foot. Spindle- stemmed. Bull. t. 106, 516. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 149. Hym. Eur. p. in. Berk. Out. p. 115. t. 5.7. 5. C. Hbk. n. 140. Illust. PL 141. 5. Mycol. Scot, n. 112. Sow. t. 129. Price f. 85. Hussey ii. t. 48. Krombh. t. 42. f. 9-11. Fl. Dan. t. 1607. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 4. A. crassipes Schceff. t. 87, 88. * A. cedematopus Schaeff. — Pileus rufous-date-brown, con- ical then becoming plane, pulverulent; stem stout ventricose, fibrillose, pulverulent; gills pallid. Somewhat caespitose. On trunks. Glamis, 1883. Name — oZSij/uta, a swel- ling ; TTOW'S, a foot. With swollen stem. Schceff. t. 259. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 112. B. & Br. n. 1995. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 21. A. fusiformis Bull. t. 76. A. bulbosus Pall. Ross i. t. g.f. 2. ** Gills crowded, narrow. 200. A. maculatus A. & S. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, whitish, here and there guttate with paler spots and com- monly spotted-rufescent, fleshy, commonly very compact, convexo- plane, in no wise lax, obtuse, repand, even, smooth ; margin thin, at first involute, somewhat naked. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 inO thick, hard, commonly stuffed, some- times however hollow, externally cartilaginous, somewhat ventri- cose (flexuous when more slender), striate, white, here and there spotted-rufous, base attenuated rooted and blunt. Gills emargin- ato-free, very crowded, linear, scarcely ever 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, becoming pale-white. The colour of the pileus is at first white, then spotted rubiginous, and at length occasionally wholly rufescent. Slightly acid. In woods, chiefly pine and beech. Common. July-Nov. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. ; 6x5 mk. W.P. ; 4-6 mk. B. Name— macula, a spot. Spotted. Alb. & Schw. p. 186. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 150. Hym. Eur. p. 112. Berk. Out. p. 115. C. Hbk. n. 141. Illust. PL 142. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 113. Hussey ii. t. 60. A. carnosus Sow. t. 246. Var. immaculatus C. Illust. PL 221 ? 201. A. distortus Fr. — Pileus almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, bay-brown, becoming pale but not hygrophanous, fleshy, thin, convex then expanded, umbonate, very lax:, even, smooth. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 12 mm. (%, in.) thick, and wholly attenuated upwards from the tomentose base, fragile, externally cartilaginous, internally spongy, soon hollow, contorted, sulcate, LEUCOSPORI. 10 1 pallid. Gills slightly adnexed, crowded^ somewhat linear, scarcely Collybi serrulated, at length spotted-rubiginous. Gregarious. Intermediate between A. fusipes and A. butyraceiis. It is nearest to the former, but most like the latter. Very distinct in the broad, lax pileus, in the thinner, twisted, pallid stem, and in the spotted gills. On roots of trees. Bowood, 1869, &c. Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8-10x4-5 mk. K. Name — distorqueo, to twist. From the twisted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 150. Hym. Eur. p. 113. Icon. t. 63. /. i. B. dr1 Br. n. 1205. C. Illust. PL 282. 202. A. butyraceus Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, normally rufous-brown, but becoming pale, fleshy, convex then expanded, more or less umbonate, dry, even, smooth ; flesh buttery- soft, somewhat hygrophanous, flesh-colour then white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, conico-attenuated from the thickened white- tomentose base, hence much thinner at the apex, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) only, but at the base 1-2.5 cent. (>£-i in.) thick, externally covered over with a rigid cartilaginous cuticle, internally stuffed with soft spongy pith, or hollow only when old, striate, rufous, commonly smooth, but varying with white deciduous squamules, and occa- sionally wholly pulverulento-villous. Gills slightly adnexed, somewhat free, thin, crowded^ crenulate, white, never spotted- rufous. The colour of the pileus is both changeable and variable ; also fuscous-livid, becoming pale - ochraceous, or becoming wholly pale-white. Solitary or growing in troops. In woods, chiefly fir. Common. Jan.-Dec. When quite young livid-brown, the margin subrufescent, but a portion below the umbo soon grows pale, so that the pileus appears of four colours. Easily distinguished by its greasy-looking pileus and cartilaginous stem. M.J.B. Umbo persistently dark. On making a section, a coloured line will be observed extending from the base of the stem (cuticle rufous) to the margin of the pileus. Spores 6-10x3-5 mk. B. Name — btityrum, butter. Buttery to the touch. Bull. t. 572. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 151. Hym. Eur. p. 113. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 46. Out. p. 115. C. Hbk. n. 142. Illust. PL 143. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 114. Buxb. C. iv. t. 5./. i. Batt. t. 16. c. — A. leiopus Pers. Ic. pict. 2. f. 1-3. 203. A. xylophilus Weinm. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, (10 cent, 4 in., when flattened), whitish or becoming fus- cous-tan at the middle, slightly fleshy, wide, spreading, campanu- late, lax, commonly obtuse, sometimes furnished with a minute umbo ; at length rimosely split towards the margin and more ex- panded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist; flesh everywhere very thin, fragile, becoming watery-fuscous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, but often flexuous, fibril- loso-striate, whitish, quite destitute of a veil, internally becoming 102 AGARICUS. Collybia fuscous. Gills adnate, often decurrent with a small tooth, very narrow (only 2 mm. (i lin.) broad), very crowded, entire. Caespitose. As regards the gills, it is allied to A. confluens. About old stumps. Black Park, Langley, 1882. Sept. Name — |v'A.oi/, timber; <£tAos, loving. Weinm. in Linn. x. p. 54. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 289. Hym. Eur. p. 114. Icon. t. 63. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 202. II. — VESTIPEDES. * Gills broad, somewhat distant. 204. A. velutipes Curt.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad in the same cluster, tawny, sometimes paler at the margin, moder- ately fleshy at the disc, but thin at the circumference, convex then soon becoming plane, often excentric, irregular and repand, smooth, viscous / margin spreading, and at length slightly striate ; flesh watery, soft, slightly tawny-hyaline. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) thick, tough, externally cartilaginous, umber then becoming black^ densely velvety-viHous, commonly ascending or twisted, commonly equal, even, internally fibrous- stuffed and hollow. Gills broader and rounded behind, slightly adnexed, so as at first sight to appear free, somewhat distant, very unequal, becoming pallid yellow or tawny. Commonly csespitose, varying much in stature, widely removed from all the rest. On trunks, stumps, ulex, &c. Common. Sept.-April. Stem often slightly flattened, and frequently a little broader at the apex. Spores ellipsoid, 8-10x4-5 mk. K. ; 7 mk.W.G.S./ 6x4 mk. B. Name — vellus, fleece ; pes, afoot (Low Lat. -velluetum). Velvety-stemmed. Curt. Land. 4. t. 70. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 154. Hym. Eur. p. 115. Berk. Out. p. 116. C. Hbk. n. 143. Illust. PL 184 A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 115. Bolt. t. 135. Sow. t. 384. /. 3. Hussey i. /. 56. Krombh. t. 44. /. 6-9. A. austriacus Tratt. Austr. t. 7. Batschf. 112 (var.) Batt. t. 22. C. 205. A. laxipes Fr.— Pileus small, milk-white, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, moist. Stem stuffed^ rufous- velvety, lax, very long, stiff. Gills separating-free, distant, broad, ventricose, milk-white. A very remarkable species. On wood. Name — laxus, lax; pes, a foot. Lax-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 115. Qua. Jur. ii./. 330. /. z.f. 2. Batt. t. g.f. 5. C. Illust. PL 184. B. LEUCOSPORI. 103 206. A. mimicus Smith.— Pileus smooth, with a thin separable Coiiybia. cuticle. Stem fibrillose at the base, fibrilloso-striate in the middle, naked or slightly pruinose at the apex. Gills -very broad, somewhat distant, thin, white. Odour and taste strong like fish. Agreeing in some points with A. cucumis, but differing very materially in others. Among shavings. Pileus pale brownish-yellow. Spores elliptical. Name — mimicus, mimic. From its resemblance to A. cucumis. Worth. Smith in litt. C. Illust. PI. 129. 207. A. vertirugis Cke. — Pileus not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dull brown or cinereous, campanulate, at length convexo- plane, radiato-wrinkled, tough, somewhat membranaceous, mi- nutely pulverulent. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2Xin.) long* l~2 mm. (X~ i lin.) thick, fistulose, sometimes compressed, rufous, minutely velvety, strigose at the base. Gills truly adnate, ascending or horizonal, moderately distant, connected by veins, white, with a yellowish tinge. On dead fern-roots, stumps, £c. Uncommon. Oct. Name — vertex, top ; ruga, a wrinkle. Berk. (A. undatus) Eng. Fl. v. p. 51. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. n. 147. Illust. PL 149. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 116. 208. A. stipitarius Fr. — Pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, umbilicate, velvety-squamulose, or fuscous-fibrillose. Stem stuffed then fistulose, tough, date-brown, shaggy-fibrillose. Gills separat- ing-free, ventricose, somewhat distant, white. On grass, thatch, twigs, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Pileus 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick. Its habit is that of Marasmius perforans. Name — stipes > a stem. Growing on stems. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 116. Berk. Out. p. 116. t. 5.7. 6. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 116. Hussey'\. t. 68. C. Illust. PI. 149. b. A. scabellus Alb. & Schw. t. 9. f. 6, not S. M. A. caulicinalis Bull. t. 522. /. 2 (a remarkable variety, not With., Sow., Sw., &c.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 158. C. Hbk. n. 144. ** Gills very narrow, very crowded. 209. A. hariolorum D.C.— Pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, campanulato- convex then flattened, obtuse, rather depressed, even, smooth, somewhat striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose, somewhat equal, somewhat compressed, for the most part covered over with whitish somewhat woolly villous down, naked and pallid only at the very apex, otherwise fuscous-rufescent, internally villous at the sides. 104 AGARICUS. Coiiybia. Gills at first slightly adnexed, soon free, somewhat crowded, linear, whitish. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, strong-smelling. Like Marasmius ery- thropus, but a true Agaric, nearest to A. confluens. In woods. Coed Coch. Spores 6-7 x 3-3 % mk. B. Name — hariolus, a soothsayer. Another name of the species is A. sagarum, from saga, a witch. The names seem to indi- cate some superstitious idea attached in France to the Agaric, or some super- stitious use made of it. Dec. Fl.fr. \\. p. 182. Bull. t. 585. f. 2. Fr. Mon- ogr. i. p. 155. Hym. Eur. p. 117. B. & Br. n. 1740. C. Illust. PL 150. A. sagarum Seer. n. 735. 210. A. confluens Pers. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, hygrophanous, rufescent when moist, wholly white when dry, slightly fleshy, but tough, flaccid, convex then flattened, at first obtuse, at length however (contrary to rule) broadly and obtusely umbonate, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even when dry. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, but widened in lying flat against others and occa- sionally truly united in a bundle, and dilated chiefly at the apex, fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, rufous, everywhere pulverulent with dense white villous down. Gills free^ at length remote from the stem, very crowded, very narrow, linear, flesh-colour then whitish. Growing in troops, many individual specimens becoming confluent in rows by the expanded floccose mycelium, but easily separating each from the other, not truly caespitose. In external appearance various Marasmii are very like it. A. hariolorum, A. ingratus, and?L4. acervatus are allied to it. In woods. Frequent. June-Oct. Name — confluo, to flow together. From the cohering stems. Pers. Syn.p. 368. Ic. pict. t. 5. f. i. Fr. Monogr. p. 156. Hym. Eur. p. 117. Berk. Out. p. 116. C. Hbk. n. 145. Illust. PL 150. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 117. Saund. & Sm. t. 30. Fl. Bat. t. 1083. Buxb. C. iv. t. zo.—Batschf. 104 var. 211. A. ingratus Schum. — Pileus 4 cent. (i% in.) broad, dingy fuscous-tan, slightly fleshy, pliant, globoso-campanulate then ex- panded, umbonate, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick or in becoming compressed still broader, cartilaginous, flstulose, flexuous, twined, becoming fuscous, not rooted at the base, at length umber, white-mealy above, internally villous at the sides. Gills free, very crowded and narrow, but slightly ventricose, quite entire, pallid. Caespitose, tough, with a mouldy odour. A smaller form occurs : Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, convex then plane. Stem 4 cent. (ij£ in.) long, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, pulverulent, attenuated and smooth downwards, exter- nally and internally of the same colour as the pileus, not rufescent. LEUCOSPORI. 105 In woods. Uncommon. Aug. Collybia. Differs principally from A. conflucns in the gills not leaving a free space round the top of the stem. M.J.B. Name — ingratus, unpleasant. From the odour. Schum. p. 304. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 156. Hym. Eur. p. 118. Icon, f. 64. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 116. var. pileus convex, obtuse ; stem villoso-pulver- ulent. C. Hbk. n. 146. Illust. PL 283. S. My col. Scot. n. 118. 212. A. conigenus Pers.— Pileus about 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) broad, brick-livid or pale yellowish -livid then becoming pale, slightly fleshy, slightly firm, convex then rather plane, some- what umbonate, unequal, often angular, also depressed, smooth, slightly striate at the margin when moist. Stem sometimes 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, sometimes elongated to 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), deli- cately fistulose, cartilaginous, tough, wholly filiform, of the same colour as the pileus, at the first white-pulverulent throughout, when larger at length somewhat naked, rooted at the strigose tail-shaped base. Gills at first slightly adnexed, soon separating, /ra?, very crowded, plane, linear, quaternate, white, becoming pale. For the most part gregarious. Variable in stature and form. There is a variety at the first pale nay white, smaller. Alb. & Schw. Var. porcina be- coming dingy yellow, pileus slightly striate, stem elongated, filiform. On fir-cones. Common. Sept.-Dec. Spores sphseroid-ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 3~4X2mk. K. ; 3X4mk. W.G.S.; 4-6 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — comis, a cone ; gigno, to bear. Growing on cones. Pers. Syn. p. 388. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 158. Hym. Eur. p. 118. Icon. t. 67. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. n. 148. Illust. PI. 130. S. My col. Scot. n. 119. Buxb. C. i. /. 57. / 2. 213. A. eirrhatus Schum. — Pileus from the size of a pin's head to 10-12 mm. (5-6 lin.) broad, white, opaque, slightly fleshy, conico-convex then plane, then at the middle umbilicato-depressed and rufescent often with a small central protuberance, slightly silky, at length very delicately and often concentrically rivulose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, delicately fistulose, filiform, flex- uous, pallid, white-pulverulent) rooted with nfibrillose twisted tail. Gills adnate, at length however occasionally separating, crowded^ linear, very narrow, very unequal, white. It is often difficult to detect the interior tube of the stem. Very variable in size and stature, but always very small, tough. It never has a radical tuber. Growing in troops. Intimately related to A. conigenus and A. tuberosus, but widely distant from A. ocellatus, which is like it. Among leaves, &c., and on blackened fungi. Common. Aug.- Nov. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 4-2x3 mk. K.; 3-6x2-3 mk. B. Name — cirrus, a curl. From the root. Schum. n. 1773. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 106 AGARICUS. Collybia. 159. Hym. Eur. p. 119. Icon. t. 68. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. n. 149. Illust. PL 144. B. S. My col. Scot. n. 120. 214. A. tuberosus Bull. — Pileus4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, white, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate but not umbilicato-de- pressed, slightly silky then becoming smooth, even, opaque. Stem 12 mm. (yz in.) or more long, i m. ()4 lin.) thick, somewhat fis- tulose, commonly ascending, equal, obsoletely pulverulent, white, rarely rufescent, the base wholly smooth, attached to a tuber. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, unequal, slightly ventricose, white. Very small, but tough, slightly firm, gregarious. Always growing on a tuber, which is solid, smooth, sclerotioid, becoming yellow. The stem is often elongated, sometimes proliferous. It is often difficult to detect the internal tube of the stem from its thinness. On dead Agarics, and Polyporus squamosus. Common. Aug.- Nov. The summer form has no tuberous root ; later in the year the tuber is formed, which produces its pileus the following season. B. & Br. Spores 3x2 mk. W. G.S. Name — tuber, a tuber. Tuberous-rooted. Bull. t. 256. Fr. Monogr. p. 160. Hym. Eur. p. 119. Berk. Out. p. 117. B. &> Br. n. 1205*. C. Hbk. n. 150. Illust. PI. 144. a. «S. Mycol. Scot. n. 121. Grev. t. 23. FL Dan. t. 1613. Quel. t. 3. / 5. Batschf. 93. 215. A. racemosus Pers.— Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex, papillate, somewhat tomentose-grey. Stem somewhat stuffed, racemose with .57V/2^/£(unbranched) small-headed hairs, the sclerotioid base black. Gills adnate, crowded, white. Of the same stature as A. tuberosus from which it differs in the sclerotioid tuber being larger, irregularly shaped, and black, in the stem being somewhat stuffed, in a wholly peculiar manner racemose with simple, equally long, small- headed hairs, 2.5 cent, (i in.), and not pruinose, and in the pileus being thinner, papillato-convex, slightly grey-villous and of a grey colour in all its parts except the gills which are white. The small heads on the stem resemble Stilbum. On the ground, and rotten fungi. Very rare. King's ClifFe. It turns black in drying. M.J.B. Name — racemus, a cluster. Pers. Disp. t. 3-f. 8. (Nees. f. 190). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 119. Monogr. i. p. 160. Berk. Ozit. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 151. Sow. t. 287. A. globulifer Brand. Cr. Ag. t. 6./. 6, 7. III. — L^VIPEDES. * Gills broad, lax, commonly more or less distant. 216. A. collhms Scop.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- O"2 in-) broad, be- coming pale-fuscous or pale-tan, fleshy-membranaceous, campan- ulate then expanded and when flattened umbonate, smooth, some- what viscous and slightly striate when moist, when dry even, shin- LEUCOSPORI. 107 ing; flesh thin white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. Collybia. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat fragile, somewhat equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth, pallid-whitish, pubes- cent at the base. Gills adnexed when young, then/ra?, somewhat distant, broad, lax, quaternate, becoming pale-white. Commonly gregarious. Habit that of Mycena, but the margin is at first incurved. On grassy slopes, beech-stumps. Uncommon. Oct. Name — collis, a hill. From its habitat. Scop. Cam. p. 132. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 161. Hym. Eur. p. 119. B. & Br. n. 1206. Seem. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 347. C. Hbk. n. 153. Illust. PI. 205. Schceff. t. 220. Fl. Dan. t. 1609. A. arundinaceus Bull. t. 403. /. i. 217. A. ventricosus Bull.— Pileus tan or isabelline, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, umbonate, smooth. Stem fistulose, even, naked, rufescent, ventricose at the base, rooted. Gills arcuato- adfixed, ventricose, lax, somewhat crowded, undulated, rufescent. Allied to A. dryophilus, but broader and moire lax. — Var. albus Bull. t. 411. /. B. In woods. Bathford, 1874, &c. Oct. Name — venter, the belly. From the ventricose base. Bull. t. 41 1./. i, not Schum. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 120. B. &> Br. n. 1514, 1741. C. Illust. PL 145. A. 218. A. Stevensoni B. & Br.— Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) broad and high, pallid yellow, semiovate, obtuse, viscid, here and there spotted by the viscous matter. Stem 4 cent. (\l/2 in.) long, thin, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fibrillose, pulverulent upwards, composed of fibres, internally and externally slightly rufous, rooting. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad, distant, white. Allied to A. ventricosus, but differing in its slender almost solid stem, viscid semiovate pileus, and very broad, adnate, somewhat ventricose, plane gills. In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Aug. The root is remarkable, somewhat long and thread-like, going deep into the soil. Name — after Rev. John Stevenson. B. 6* Br. n. 1497. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 122. C. Illust. PL 145. B. 219. A. psathyroides Cke. Ivory-white. — Pileus 18 mm. (% in.) broad, nearly 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid, margin regular, even. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, hollow, erect, slender, equal, rather tough. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, very broad, triangular, rather distant, persistently white. Spores elliptic, colourless, "015 x '007 mm. Allied to A. Stevensoni. Re- 108 AGARICUS. Collybia. sembling in habit some Psathyra or Panceolus, but the spores are absolutely colourless when fully mature. On the ground. Epping Forest, 1880. Oct. Name — Psathyra-like. Cooke Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 155. Illust. PL 266. 220. A. xanthopus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 in-) broad, tan then becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanulato- convex then expanded, lax, umbonate, smooth, dry, margin at length spread- ing, slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, tough, fistulose, equal, even, smooth, yellow-tawny, strigosely rooted at the base. Gills truncate behind, at first adnexed, soon free, crowded, very broad, lax, whitish. Allied to A. dryophilus, from the common form of which it may be safely distinguished by its umbo, by its broad lax gills, and by the base of the stem. On stumps and among leaves. Uncommon. July. Name — £avQ6s, yellow ; irous, a foot. Yellow-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 161. Hym. Eur. p. 120. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 154. Illust. PI. 203. S. My col. Scot. n. 123. Batschf. 209 (var. stem tawny). 221. A. nitellinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.) broad, when moist tawny or brick-tawny, when dry somewhat tan, some- what membranaceous, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, polished, but when more accurately examined somewhat rugulose, pellucido- striate when moist; flesh of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 3 mm. (i>£ lin.) thick, appearing cartilaginous from its rigidity and polished surface, but at length soft, and readily splitting into fibrils, stuffed then fistulose, equal, flexuous, some- what rooted, smooth, slightly striate, ferruginous-tawny, yellow when dry, often white villous at the base, more rarely obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, very obtuse behind and equally attenuated in front, somewhat crowded, narrow, whitish. There is a smaller variety with the pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, umbonate, and the stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long. Solitary or gregarious, inodorous. From its having the habit of A. laccatus, and the stem internally fibrous, it approaches Clitocybtz, to which it was formerly referred, but from its polished shining stem it is better referred to Collybia. By roads in wood. Shrewsbury. Name — nitella, a squirrel. From its colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 142. Hym. Eur. p. 120. Icon. t. 65. f. i, 2. B. & Br. n. 1742. C. Illust. PL 146. Var. with crowded gills. 222. A. succineus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufous or brown-fuscous becoming pale, fleshy, thin, convex then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed and unequal, rimosely split when dry, LEUCOSPORI. 109 even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, equal but attenuated at the base and not rooted, even, everywhere smooth, polished, pallid-rufescent. Gills adnate, obtuse behind, not much crowded, very broad, rather thick, becoming pale white, edge serrulated. Solitary, inodorous. The pileus is easily split at the margin. It may be safely distinguished from A. dryophilus by its broad, thicker, and less crowded gills. The only allied species is A. nitellinus. In mixed wood. Coed Coch, &c. Aug. The plant is much darker in colour than the name would imply. Name — succinum, amber. Amber-coloured. Fr. Monogr, i. p. 162. Hym. Eur. p. 120. Icon. t. 65. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1339. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 124. Schceff. t. 45. C. Illust. PI. 151. 223. A. nummularius Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (\y, in.) and more broad, pallid, variegated here and there with yellow and reddish, slightly fleshy, rather plane, depressed round the obsolete umbo, even. Stem 4 cent. (\yz in.) long, stuffed then hollow, smooth, pallid, thickened at the apex. Gills free, somewhat distant, white. Beautiful, arid. In mixed wood. Glamis, 1874. July-Oct. Name — n-ummulus, a small coin. From some fancied resemblance to a coin in shape. The name of the subgenus indicates the same. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 120. B. &= Br. n. 1743. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 125. C. Illust. PI. 151. Am. nummularia Lamark. Bull. t. 56. Batt. t. 22. A. 224. A. esculentus Wulf.— Pileus 12 mm. (# in.) and more broad, ochraceous-clay, often becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, orbicular, obtuse, smooth, even, or when old slightly striate; flesh tough, white, savoury. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, or filiform and wholly equal, obsoletely fistulose, tough, tense and straight, even, smooth, slightly shining, clay-yellow, with a long, perpendicular, commonly smooth, tail-like root. Gills adnexed, even decurrent with a very thin small tooth, then separating, very broad, almost obovate, lax, somewhat distant, whitish, sometimes clay-colour. Gregarious but never caespitose. The tube of the stem is very narrow. The gills are not so pure white as in A. tenacellus. Although it seems to be well distinguished from A. tenacellus in its life-history as well as in its colour, individual specimens occur which can often be determined only with difficulty, and many, which appear at first sight to admit of no doubt, have been ascertained, on digging up the root, to belong to A. tenacellus var. stolonifer. In pastures and grassy places near plantations. Common. April-May. 110 AGARICUS. Collybia. Edible, but rather bitter in flavour. In Austria, where it seems to be plenti- ful, it is sold under the name of Nagelschwamme, nail-mushroom. Name — esculentus, esculent. Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. ii. t. 14. /. 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 121. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 158. Illust. PL 152. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 126. Tratt. Essb. Schw. t. F. Lenz. f. 18. A. per- pendicularis Bull. t. 422. /. 2. A. clavus Brig. Neap. t. 5. f. 4. Vaill. t. n. /. 16-18. 225. A. tenacellus Pers. — Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.) broad, fuscous then becoming pale, livid, very rarely white, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, orbicular, somewhat umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh white, not hygrophanous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, but here and there lengthened to 10-12.5 cent- (4~5 in-)» scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, obsoletely fistulose (tube very narrow), wholly equal, tense and straight, but pliable, even, smooth, becoming tawny, naked and white at the apex, with a fibrillose tail-like root at the base. Gills emarginato-adnexed, broad, ventricose, hence they appear lax, somewhat distant, distinct, quaternate, snow- white. Odour none ; taste not unpleasant. Solitary though sometimes in troops ; very tough. In pine woods, among leaves or cones. Common. Autumn- Spring. Easily distinguished by the broad, emarginato-a.dnex.ed gills. Spores 3x6 mk. W. G.S.; 6-8x4 mk. B. Name — diminutive, tenax, tough. Toughish. Pers. Syn. p. 387. Ic. pict. t. i./. 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 165. Hym. Eur. p. 121. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 157. Illust. PI. 152. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 127. A. griseus Schceff. t. 236 (small.) * A. stolonifer Jungh. — Pileus fuscous becoming pale, slightly fleshy, rather plane, obtuse (somewhat depressed), smooth, margin slightly striate. Stem fistulose, equal, smooth, becoming fuscous, with a creeping, somewhat stoloniferous (sparingly fibrillose) root. Gills rounded-adnexed, ventricose, somewhat distant, whitish. Very singular in the creeping root (a prolongation of the stem continuous with it, not mycelium), which in neighbouring species is perpendicular ; other- wise so near to A. tenacellus and A. esculentus that it seems to unite these. In pine woods, among leaves. Frequent. Autumn-Spring. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8 x 3-4 mk. K. Name — stole, a sucker ; fero, to bear. Stolon-bearing. From the root. Jung Linn. 1830, p. 396. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 121. Monogr. i. /. 165. B. & Br. n. 1744. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vol. vi. p. 214. C. Illust. PL 152. B. A. tenacellus var. Fr. in Fl. Dan. t. 2O2I./. 2. ** Gills narrow, crowded. 226. A. acervatus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, flesh- LEUCOSPORI. 1 1 1 colour when moist, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then Coiiybia. flattened, obtuse or at length gibbous ; margin at first involute, at length flattened and slightly striate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, remarkably fi stulose, rigid-fragile, slightly attenuated upwards, rarely compressed, very smooth with exception of the base, even, riifous, sometimes brown ; tube of the stem internally smooth. Gills at first adnexed, soon free, very crowded, linear, narrow, plane, flesh-colour then whitish. Ccespitoso-fascicTilate ; stems crowded, very numerous, united and white- tomentose at the base. Nearest to A. confluens in affinity, but a wholly dis- tinguished species. At first sight like Marasmius erythrQpus, but the stem is wholly smooth. In woods, among fir. Frequent. Autumn. Resembling A. dryophilus. In the British plant the inner walls of the fistu- lose stem are strigose. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 6x3 mk. K. ; 4-6 x 2-4 mk. B. Name — acervus, a heap. From the habit of growth. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 160. Hym. Eur. p. 122. Icon. t. 64. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 119. C. Hbk. n. 152. Illust. PL 267. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 128. 227. A. dryophilus Bull. — Pileus bay-brown-rufous, &c., be- coming pale, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo- plane, obtuse, commonly depressed in the centre, even, smooth ; margin at first inflexed then flattened ; flesh thin, white. Stem cartilaginous, remarkably fistulose, thin, even, smooth, somewhat rooting, commonly becoming yellow or rufescent. Gills somewhat free, with a small decurrent tooth, but appearing adnexed when the pileus is depressed, crowded, narrow, distinct, plane, white or becoming pale. The above description contains the points in which very different forms agree. Pileus bay-rufous, becoming yellow, clay-colour ; in drier pine woods in the beginning of summer there is a common form with the pileus and gills white and stem yellow. The gills vary sulphur-yellow, sometimes (in a diseased state) tan-cinnamon. Solitary or laxly gregarious, inodorous. There are numerous monstrous forms which are very deceiving (compare Fl. Dan. t. 2019. / i, 2). A. stem elongated, flexuous, decumbent, inflated at the base; pileus broader, lobed ; gills white. B. funicularis, larger, csespitose, the lax and decumbent stem equal and villous at the base, gills sulphur-yellow. These forms, analogous with A. repens Bull., occur on heaps of leaves. C. countless specimens growing together in a large cluster; stems thick, inflated, irregularly shaped, sulcate, brown, the mycelium collecting the soil in the form of a ball ; pilei very irregularly shaped, full of angles, undulated, blackish then bay- brown. In gardens. In woods, among leaves, &c. Common. Spring-Autumn. Pileus commonly 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (% in.) thick. Badham refers to a case in which illness was caused by eating it. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — SpS?, oak ; ^)iAos, loving. Bull. t. 434. Fr. Monogr. p. 162. Hym. Eur. p. 122. Berk. Out. p. 119. C. Hbk. n. 155. Illust. PI. 204. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 129. Sow. t. 127. Hussey i. t. 39. Badh. i. /. 8./. 2, ii. /. 7.7. $.—Sch(zff. t. 45. 112 AGARICUS. Coiiybia. 228. A. aquosus Bull. — Pileus watery, ochraceous or brick- colour then whitish, slightly fleshy, rather plane, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous, margin striate. Stem fistulose naked, rufous-tawny, fibrillose at the base. Gills rounded-free, crowded, narrow, tense and straight, white or pallid. Among moss. Coed Coch, £c. Autumn. In ' Monographia ' the plant is described as A. aquosus Fr. and the plant of Bulliard is referred to as a trivial form, holding a doubtful place between it and A. dryophilus. This view is followed in ' Icones,' but has not been con- firmed in ' Hym Eur.' The difference is scarcely appreciable, the stem being described as stuffed, while in Bulliard's plant it is fistulose. Spores 5-6 x 3-4 mk. B. Name — aqua, water. From its watery nature. Bull. t. 12. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 122. Monogr. i. p. 163. Icon. t. 66. f. 2. B. <£r° Br. n. 1340. C. Illust. PL 234. 229. A. extuberans Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, rufous - fuscous, bay -brown, occasionally becoming pale, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, orbicu- lar, and at length depressed round the prominent umbo, even, smooth, slightly viscid when moist; flesh white. Stem 4 cent. (\Yz in.) long, 3 mm. (i% lin.) thick, tough, fistulose, equal, tense and straight, smooth, even, shining, of the same colour as the pileus or paler, rooted at the base. Gills somewhat free, reach- ing the stem with a small tooth, crowded, narrow, plane, white. The pileus is larger and solitary when growing on the ground, smaller when caespitose and growing on trunks. Appearing in spring and again in autumn. It is intermediate between A. dryophilus and A. tenacellus, clearly distinct from the former in the stem being tense and straight and rooted, and in the pileus being umbonate, and from the latter in the gills being crowded and nar- row. The umbo is rarely so prominent as in the figure of Battarra. On the ground and trunks. Foxley. Sept. Name— extuberans, swelling. From the swollen umbo. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 164. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Icon. t. 67. f. i. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 74. Bulla extuberans Batt. t. 28. f. i. 230. A. exsculptus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, tawny-brown not becoming pale, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo- expanded, truly umbilicate, unchangeable, smooth. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) \ong,Jistuloset thin, incurved, smooth, bright sul- phur-yellow. Gills somewhat free (decurrent with a small tooth), arcuate, linear, very crowded, bright sulphur-yellow. Gregarious. Allied to the protean A. dryophilus, but separated from it on account of its being wholly more arid and tough, and on account of the bright sulphur- yellow of the whole plant with exception of the pileus which is darker. On old stumps and in fir woods. Uncommon. June-Oct. LEUCOSPORI. 113 Gills transversely striate. B. &* Br. Name — exsculptus, hollowed out. Collybia. From its being umbilicate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 164. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Icon. t. 66. / 3. Berk. Out. p. 119. B. &> Br. n. 1109. C. Hbk. n. 156. Illust. PL 268. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 130. 231. A. macilentus Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark yellow, slightly fleshy, convex then becoming plane, obtuse, orbicular, even, smooth, absolutely dry; flesh thin, yellow. Stem 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, obso- letely fistulose, tough, cartilaginous, filiform- equal, not tense and straight but here and there fiexuous, naked, smooth, bright light- yellow, slightly rooted at the base. Gills separating-free, very crowded, narrow, linear, very unequal, of a beautiful pure yellow. Its colour is so entirely that of A. cerinus that it may be easily confounded with very small forms of that species. A. cerinus differs, however, in the stem being stuffed, wholly fibrous, not cartilaginous, and externally fibrilloso-striate, in the pileus being at length depressed, dingy yellow, in the "white flesh, and in the gills being broader and in very small forms adnate. In pine wood. Corstorphine, &c. Spores ovoid-pruniform, 5-6 mk. Q. Name — macies, leanness. From the thin flesh. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Icon. t. 66. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1848. C. Illust. PI. 268. 232. A. clavus Linn.— Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, orange- scarlet, disc often darker, slightly fleshy, very thin, conico-convex then plane, somewhat papillate, smooth, shining, margin slightly striate. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, obsoletely fistulose, or only marked with a paler line, very thin, filiform, naked, smooth, whitish, somewhat strigose at the base. Gills adnexecl, ventrtcose, rather broad, somewhat crowded, but not numerous, white, rarely becoming yellow. The smallest and among the rarest species in the group, but long celebrated on account of its splendid colours (like those of A. acicula, with which it must not be confounded). On twigs, leaves, &c. Rare. Differing from A. acicula in its white stem and gills. M. J. B. Name — clavus, a nail. From its nail-like shape. Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1212. — Bull. t. 148. A — C, 569. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 167. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Berk. Out. p. 119. C. Hbk. n. 159. Illust. PI. 147. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 131. Paul. t. 97.7. 3. Vaill. Par. t. i !._/". 19-20. 233. A. ocellatus Fr.— Pileus scarcely reaching 12 mm. (% in.) broad, often less, whitish, slightly fleshy, conico-convex then plane, marked with small eye-like spots at the depressed, darker (fuscous, rufous, light yellowish), umbonate disc, even, margin here and there crenulate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, delicately fistulose, equal, filiform, tough, smooth, naked (in 114 AGARICUS. Collybia no wise pulverulent), becoming whitish-fuscous or becoming yel- low, somewhat rooted and fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, at length separating, crowded, the alternate ones shorter, white. Arid, moderately persistent. Not to be confounded with A. cirrhatus, to which it is like, but not allied. Among leaves and in grassy places. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name— ocellus, a little eye. From the eye-like spots. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 167. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Berk. Out. p. 120. C. Hbk. n. 160. Illust. PI. 147. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 132. Bull. t. 569.7 i. H—P. 234. A. muscigenus Schum. Wholly shining white.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat membranaceous, pellucid, globoso - hemispherical then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth, withering up, the margin entire and persistent, not revolute. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, stuffed '(on account of its thinness), capillary, flexuous, flaccid, smooth and naked, somewhat rooting at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, linear, the alter- nate ones shorter, edge quite entire. Very thin. A. capillaris is easily distinguished by its broader distant gills. Among moss and grass. Coed Coch, 1873, &c> Aug. Name— muscus, moss; gigno, to bear. Growing on moss. Schum. p. 307. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 168. Hym. Eur. p. 124. B. & Br. n. 1408. Fl. Dan. t. 2023.7. i. Mich. t. 73.7 4. C. Illust. PL 147. SERIES B. IV. — TEPHROPHAN^E. * Gills crowded, somewhat narrow. 235. A. rancidus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- 0~2 in-) and more broad, not hygrophanous, lead-colour-black, fuliginous, becoming pale, at first veiled with a whitish, adpressed, silky-pruinose dew, slightly fleshy-cartilaginous, tough, convex then plane, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even, smooth, viscid when long wetted. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid, tense and straight, equal, smooth, even, livid, with a long, fusi- form, villous root. Gills free, crowded, narrow, but ventricose, dark cinereous, somewhat pruinose. Strong odour of new meal, somewhat rancid. Var. Pileus 6 cent. (2% in.) broad, shining, almost black, bullate, repand, depressed round the umbo, and outside this depression encircled with an elevated ridge. Stem 5 cent. (2 in. ) long, root short. Gills linear, veined and connected by veins, fuliginous, white pruinose. LEUCOSPORI. 115 In woods about trunks. Burnham Beeches, 1875, &c- Nov. Coiiybia. The smell is very peculiar ; the gills very dark, so as to be easily mistaken for those of a Hebeloma. B. 6* Br. Spores 7-10x3-4 mk. B. Name— ran- cid us, rancid. From the smell. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 170. Hym. Eur. p. 125. Icon. t. 69. /". i. B. & Br. n. 1513. Kalchbr. t. 6. f. 4. Hoffm. Ic. t. 12. f. 2. C. Illnst. PL 153. 236. A. coracinus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. (\% in.) and more broad, hygrophanous, fuscous and shining when in vigour, grey and opaque when old, somewhat fleshy-cartilaginous, convexo- expanded, sometimes umbonate, sometimes depressed, often irregularly formed and undulated, even or wrinkled round the margin, smooth ; flesh white, scissile. Stem 4 cent. (\l/t in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.), but in becoming flattened, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, hollow, remarkably cartilaginous, tough and rigid when young, at length fragile, for the most part compressed, irregularly formed (occurring also lacunose), somewhat attenuated down- wards and not rooted, becoming fuscous, mealy with white squamules at the apex. Gills obtusely adnate, separating, so that they often appear free, broad (chiefly behind), scarcely crowded, at first distinct, then connected by veins, whitish-grey. The gills are connected by veins chiefly in irregularly formed specimens. Strong odour of new meal. In grassy places, fir plantations. Batheaston, 1865. Nov. Name — *opa£, a raven. Raven-black. The plant is not so dark in colour as the name would indicate. Spores ovoid-spherical, dotted, 6-7 mk. Q. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 170. Hym. Eur. p. 125. Icon. t. 69. f. 2. B. dr° Br. n. 1207. c. must. PI. 153. 237. A. ozes Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, hygrophanous, grey-fuscous when moist, becoming clay-fuscous, pallid when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate, smooth, striate at the very margin when moist, even throughout when dry. Stem 6-10 cent. (2^-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, containing a pith then hollow, equal or scarcely sensibly attenu- ated from the base, lax, fiexuous, fragile, slightly striate, fulig- inous-grey, white-mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, somewhat ventricose, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, quite entire, fu ligino us- olivaceous. Odour strong of new meal. On the ground. Hothorpe, Norths., 1882. Feb. Gills cinereous, veined. B. & Br. Name— o^w, to have a smell, either sweet or stinking. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 171. Hym. Eur. p. 125. B. & Br. n. 1996. Il6 AGARICUS. Coiiybia. 238. A. iliolens Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, hygro- phanous, livid when moist, becoming pale-tan and slightly silky when dry, but opaque, slightly fie shy, campanulato-convex then plane, for the most part obtusely and broadly umbonate, very smooth, margin at first inflexed, then expanded, striate, here and there undulated. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 2-3 mm. (i-i}4 lin.) thick and broader in becoming compressed, rigid, delicately fistulose, at length softer and hollow, equal, undulated on the surface, livid, becoming pale when dry, white strigose at the base and white squamulose at the apex. Gills adfixed, separat- ing, somewhat free, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, linear or a little ventricose, somewhat imbricated, whitish-grey. The pileus is not so cartilaginous as in A. rancidus and A. coracinus. Manifestly related to these, but the odour is weak, and often obsolete. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-8 x 3-4 mk. K. Name — inolens, scentless. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 171. Hym. Eur. p. 126. Icon. t. 69. /. 3, 4. B. & Br. n. 1208. C. Hbk. n. 161. Illust. PL 154. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 133. 239. A. plexipes Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, at first blackish, whitish at the margin, then fuliginous -livid, fleshy- membranaceous, campanulate (not flattened), umbonate, somewhat wrinkled, slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, wholly cartilaginous, but the surface ^tnder a lens is silky fibroiis with the closely ad- pressed entwined fibrils, and slightly striate, livid, shortly and bluntly rooted at the base and not strigose. Gills very much attenuated behind, free, ventricose, somewhat crowded, white then becoming glaucous. Most distinct ; quite inodorous, tough, firm, very like Mycence rigipedes, but not allied to these. By analogy it is nearest to A. rancidus. In woods. Uncommon. Oct. Spores 4x8 mk. W.G.S. Name— plecto, to twist; pes, a foot. With twisted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 173. Hym. Eur. p. 126. B. & Br. n. 1209. C. Hbk. n. 162. Illust. PL 154 b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 134. Fl. Dan. t. 2023. /2. 240. A. atratus Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pitch-black and shining when moist, fuscous when dry, slightly fieshy, firm, piano-depressed at the disc, convex towards the margin, orbicular, very even, smooth, viscid when very long wetted. Stem curt, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.), thick, stuffed (at length fistulose), remarkably cartilaginous, tough, equal or thickened upwards, round, even, smooth, externally LEUCOSPORI. 117 and internally fuscous. Gills aclnate, scarcely decurrent, at first Collybia. arcuate, then plane, rather broad, somewhat distant, whitish then grey, becoming fuscous. Inodorous, late ; a small but firm species. Widely removed from all the preceding species in this group. Between Collybia and Omphalia. On burnt soil. Uncommon. Nov. Spores 5x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — ater, black, dark - coloured. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 175. Hym. Eur. p. 127. Icon. t. 70. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 120. C. Hbk. n. 165. Illust. PL 155. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 135. 241. A. ambustus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first fuscous, then fuscous-livid, somewhat membranaceous, convex then plane, at length depressed, umbonate with a minute papilla, smooth, at first even, then slightly striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, rarely more, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, at length fistu- lose, truly cartilaginous, tense and straight, livid-fuscous, pruinose when young, naked when full grown. Gills adnate, with a decur- rent tooth, crowded, plane, lanceolate, becoming fuscous. Very small, tough, often gregarious, inodorous, wholly fuliginous. Very closely allied in reality to A. atratus, but as that species inclines to Omphalice, this inclines to Mycence, but the margin being at the first involute shows that it is a true Collybia. On scorched ground. Kew, &c. Spores 5 mk. W.P. Name — amburo, to burn. From its growing on burnt ground. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 175. Hym. Eur. p. 127. Icon. t. 70. /. 2. B. 6s i Br. n. 1409. C. Illust. PL 155. ** Gills very broad, more or less distant. 242. A. laceratus Lasch.— Pileus 4 cent. (i% in.) broad, fulig- inous, at length becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous, campanu- late, somewhat blunt, moist, streaked with fuscous lines, cracked, slightly shining. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, firm, twisted, fibroso-striate, floccoso-pruinose at the apex, at length compressed, slightly shining. Gills adnexed, distant, broad, thick, white-grey. Somewhat caespitose. Occupying an irregular place among Collybia, but allied to A. platyphyllus. In pine woods. Rare. Autumn. Spores ovoid-spherical, 6-7 mk. Q. Name — lacero, to tear. Torn. Lasch. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 127. Berk. Out. p. 120. C. Hbk. n. 163. 243. A. murinus Batsch.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fuscous-brown, becoming pale when ola, slightly fleshy, Il8 AGARICUS. Coiiybia. slightly tough, companulato-convex then expanded, obtuse or um- bilicate, without strias, slightly wrinkled or very thinly squamu- lose, the margin, which is at first involute, always even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, tense and straight, not rooted and pubescent only at the base, at first sight smooth, but somewhat fibrillose when examined under a lens, becoming cinereous, white and when young as if flocculose at the apex. Gills attenuato-adnexed, very broad, almost obovate, rather thick, distant, distinct, white at length becoming cinereous. Inodorous. Its affinity is perhaps nearest to A. atratus. In wood. Marlborough Forest, 1863. Oct. Name — mus, a mouse. Mouse-coloured. Batsch f. 19 (if white-spored). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 172. Hym. Eur. p. 128. B. &•= Br. n. 1210. 244. A. protractus Fr.— Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, grey-fuscous, shining, somewhat membranaceous, convexo-plane, the slightly fleshy depressed disc often with the rudiment of a central umbo, the paler margin manifestly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long above ground, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, delicately fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, but at length soft, tense and straight, even, wholly smooth, livid-grey, under ground extended in the form of a root which is attenuated downwards andfibroso-strigose. Gills adfixed, but very ventricose, as if truncate behind, very broad (6 mm., 3 lin., and more), somewhat distant, grey, delicately white- •pruinose. Scarcely strong-smelling ; very different from A . inolens. On mossy ground beside stumps, &c. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Name—protraho, to draw out. From the prolongation of the stem in a root-like form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 173. Hym. Eur. p. 128. Icon. t. 67. f. 2. B. & Br. n. mo. C. Hbk. n. 164. Illust. PI. 270. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 136. 245. A. tesquorum Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, fuscous-black, becoming pale, fleshy- membranaceous, slightly firm, convex, very obtuse, even, smooth ; flesh of the same colour. Stem 4 cent. (i/4 in.) long, not reaching 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, fistulose, somewhat filiform, equal, flexuous, smooth, fuscous, mealy at the apex. Gills free, very ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, somewhat distant, cinereous-fuscous. Scattered. Odour none. Formerly overlooked on account of its very small stature and dirty colours, but very distinct. Easily distinguished from species nearest to it by its free broad gills. In waste ground and open pastures. Ascot. LEUCOSPORI. 119 Name — tesqua, waste places. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 290. Icon. t. 70. /. 3. Collybia. B. & Br. n. 1745. C. Illust. PL 270. 246. A. clusilis Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) broad, livid when moist, becoming pale, grey-clay-colour when dry, somewhat mcmbranaceous, rather plane, broadly depressed in the centre, very much sloped downwards towards the margin, which is at first incurved, even, smooth, soft-fragile, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even throughout when dry. Stem 4 cent. (i>£ in-) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, wholly cartilaginous, soft, how- ever, and flexile, stuffed with a white floccose pith, equal, even, smooth, polished, livid. Gills adnate, plane, with a decurrent tooth, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, not ventricose, but in the form of a segment, on account of their breadth appearing somewhat crowded, white, becoming pale. B. Pileus 12 mm. (K in.) broad, livid when moist, becoming pale when dry, somewhat membranaceous, at first lens-shaped-globose, then hemispherical, umbilicate, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, flocculoso-stuffed, then hollow, white villous at the base. Gills very broad, semicircular, plane with a straight edge, crowded, thin, white. It is scarcely possible to separate the two forms. Approaching OmphalicB. Among moss. Coed Coch, 1869, &c. Autumn. Name — clusilis, easily closing. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 174. Hym. Eur. p. 129. B. & Br. n. 1211. b. minor. C. Illust. PL 247. A. umbilicatus Bull. t. 411. /. 2. 247. A. tylicolor Fr.— Pileus only 12 mm. (% in.) broad, grey- cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat umbon- ate, even, unpolished and opaque. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, flstulose, somewhat fragile, not rooted, equal, even, grey, everywhere whitish-pulverulent. Gills free, distant, broad, plane, rather thick, bi-quaternate, paler than the pileus, grey. Inodorous, very undiotinguished in its habit, but its affinity is not apparent. In shady woods among grass. Coed Coch. Autumn. Name— of the colour of tylos, a small worm, Vermis multipes. The name is used by Pliny, and has been identified by some with oniscus, the wood-louse. From the cinereous colour. The synonym of Persoon, spodochrous (cnroSos, ashes ; xp^s, colour) signifies ash-coloured. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 176. Hym. Eur. p. 129. B. &> Br. n. 1341. C. Illust. PL 247. 120 AGARICUS. VIII. Agaricus (Myceua) poly- grammus. One-fourth natural size. Mycena. Subgenus VII. MYCENA (rfmjs, a fungus). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 140. Stem fistulose, cartilaginous. Pileus somewhat mem- branaceous, more or less striate, at the first conico- or parabolico-cylindrical by reason of the margin being at the first straight, and either clasping the stem which is attenuated upwards, or pressed close and parallel to it. Gills not decurrent (or only uncinate by a small tooth). Epiphytal or rooted, slender, somewhat campanulate, scarce- ly umbilicate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 129. Distinguished from the minute Col- lybias by the margin of the pileus never being involute, but straight and pressed parallel to the stem, and from the Mycenarian Omphalias by the pile- us being commonly umbonate. Some last far into autumn or winter; others are very fugacious. Most of them are inodorous, but some have an alkaline smell or an odour of radish. None of them are edible. I. Calodontes (/coXo?, beautiful; 65ov's, a tooth). Stem juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Edge of gills darker, denticulate (more or less, Monogr.), a mark by which they are distinguished from all others, except A. sanguin- olentus, which has a milky stem. By far the most distinguished species. IT. Adonideae (from Adonis, denoting beauty). Stem juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Gills of one colour, and not of a different colour at the edge, nor changing colour. Colour pure, bright, not becoming fuscous or cin- ereous. Growing singly on the ground (except A. Iris} and requiring to be carefully distinguished from white and coloured varieties of Rigipedes, the gills of which turn pale from white. III. Rigipedes (rigid-stemmed). Stem firm, rigid, somewhat tough, juice- less, somewhat strigose and rooted at the base. Gills changing colour, white then grey or reddish, commonly at length connected by veins. Pileus not hygrophanous. Tough, persistent, inodorous, normally growing on -wood and •very ccsspitose, but individuals occur growing singly and on the ground. IV. Fragilipedes (fragile-stemmed). Stem fragile, dry, juiceless, fibrillose at the base, scarcely rooting, but not dilated or inserted. Pileus hygrophan- ous. Gills changing colour, at length somewhat connected by veins. Thin- ner, fragile, often soft, commonly smelling, normally growing singly and on the ground, a few (strong-smelling ones) growing on wood and ccespitose. V. Filipedes (thread-stemmed). Stem filiform, scarcely a line thick (and not more), flaccid, somewhat tough, rooting, dry, juiceless, commonly very long in proportion to the pileus. Gills changing colour, somewhat lighter- coloured at the edge, distinct. Very slender, tense and straight, growing on the LEUCOSPORI. 121 ground, and among moss, inodorous, single (not caespitose), pileus fuscous Mycena. becoming somewhat pale, not hygrophanous, in the last species orange. These differ from their nearest allies the Rigipedes by their mode of growth, their stature, their flaccid stem, with its very narrow tube, and their gills which are scarcely connected by veins. But species with a filiform stem also occur in the remaining sections, and therefore the other marks must be at- tended to ; there are also slender forms among the Fragilipedes. VI. Lactipedes (milky-stemmed). Gills milky when broken as well as the rooted, dry stem. VII. Glutinipedes (glutinous-stemmed). Stem juiceless, but viscous with gluten. Gills at length decurrent with a tooth. Some of the species in the foregoing sections, which are only slippery to the touch when moist, must be duly separated from this group. VIII. Basipedes (stem furnished with a base). Stem dry, rootless, the base naked and dilated into a disc, or strigose and swollen into a little bulb. Ten- der, growing singly, becoming flaccid. IX. Insititias (insero, to insert or graft). Stem very thin, inserted (i.e. growing on other plants without a root or tubercle or flocci at the base), dry. Gills adnate, uncinate with a small decurrent tooth (and not as in the Om- phalian Integrelli truly decurrent). Very tender, becoming Jlacc id as soon as the sun touches them. (A. roridus Fr. is the only species in the foregoing sec- tions which is inserted, but it is very glutinous.) I. — CALODONTES. Edge of gills darker, denticulate, &*c. 248. A. pelianthinus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (il/2 in.) broad, pale purple livid, becoming pale and rather whitish when dry, diaphan- ous, convex, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, fleshy and even at the disc, membranaceous and striate at the margin ; flesh of the disc moderately thick, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, sometimes incurved at the base, round, slightly firm, of the same colour as the pileus but paler, even, smooth or_ftbrillose upwards, naked. Gills truncato- adnexed, remarkably sinuate, distant, very elegantly connected by a network of veins, quaternate, more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, dark violaceotis, edge remarkably black-toothed. Departing from the rest especially in its unusual colour ; from its more fleshy, convex (not campanulate) pileus it holds a doubtful place between Collybice and Mycena. The spores are wholly white, though the colour of the gills is that of PratellcB. Among dead leaves in woods. Uncommon. Sept. The edge of the gills at once distinguishes it from A. purus. M.J.B. Spores 5-6x3-7 mk. B. Name— TreAuupw, to make livid. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 196. Hym. Eur. p. 130. Berk. Out. p. 121. t. 6.f. i. C. Hbk. n. 166. Illust. PI. 156. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 137. Quel. t. 4.7. 6. Batt. t. 19. /. i. A. denticulatus Bolt. t. 4. /. i. B. more slender/1/. Dan. t. 191 1./. i. 249. A. balaninus Berk. — Pileus 4 cent. (i)4 in.) broad, och- raceous with a slight tinge of umber, fleshy-membranaceous, con- 122 AGARICUS. Mycena. vex, somewhat campanulate, obtusely umbonate, at length more or less expanded, minutely pulverulent, slightly rugulose, striate when moist. Stem 6 cent. (2% in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated downwards, flexuous, rigid, white and pruin- ose above, deep sienna-brown below, dark brown and villous at the base, shining, quite smooth. Gills rounded, quite free, with exception of a connecting tooth, broad, rather distant, pale, sprinkled and fringed with dull purple spiculse, interstices veiny. The base of the stem is embedded more or less in a spongy mass by which it adheres to the mast. Among beech-mast, oak-leaves, &c. Rare. Allied to A. pelianthinus but remarkably distinct. Fr. Spores elliptic. Name— /3aAwos, acorn, beech-mast, &c. Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. i. /. 15. /. 2. Out. p. 121. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 196. Hym. Eiir. p. 130. C. Hbk. n. 167. Illust. PL 156. 250. A. Iris Berk.-— Pileus %-3/& in. broad, membranaceous, hemispherical, obtuse, striate, umber, clothed with blue fibrillcE which are glued down to the epidermis, scattered in the centre, thicker and more free on the margin which is slightly denticulate. Stem 4-9 cent. (i}4-3)4 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, not rooting, blue below, subrufescent above, the down below de- pressed and blue, above nearly white, minutely but distinctly fas- ciculato-pilose. Gills free or slightly adnexed, linear, pale cin- ereous, the margin sometimes denticulate. Fasciculate or scattered, brittle ; when young the pileus and stem bright sky-blue and beautifully tomentose. The little fibrils glued down to the cuti- cle are very characteristic. When the stem is extremely elongated it is some- times nearly smooth. On fir stumps and sticks. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. It seems so much allied to A. marginellus that the figures of A. Iris Berk. Out. and of A. multiplex by Gonn. dr" Rab. t. 7. f. 4 can scarcely be distinguished. Fr. The denticulate gills place it in this section. Spores 7x4 mk. IV. P. Name— *Ipi?, the rainbow. From its varied tints. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 56. Out. p. 123. t. 6.f. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 174. Illust. PL 161. S. My col. Scot. n. 138. 251. A. marginellus Pers.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, somewhat fuscous when young, then changeable in colour, slight- ly fleshy, campanulate, not viscid, with exception of the very smooth darker umbo slightly striate and somewhat azure-blue- floccose. Stem somewhat tomentose - rooted, with the same flocci as the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed, distant, white or cinereous, fringed at the edge with dark floccules (commonly azure-blue or red). LEUCOSPORI. 123 On fir-trunks among the Hypnum cupressiforme . Aboyne, &c. Mycena. Aug.-Sept. Under a high magnifying power the pileus (especially the edge) and stem appear clothed with minute glandular particles similar to those which colour the edge of the gills. B. &> Br. Name margo, margin. Diminutive. From the edge of the gills. Pcrs. Syn. p. 309. ? Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 131. B. &° Br. n. 988. C. Hbk. n. 168. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 139. Gonn. &> Rab. t. j.f. 4. A. mirabilis Cke. & Quel. 252. A. aurantio-marginatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in) or a little more broad, olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale when older, fleshy at the disc, campanulate then convex, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, even, smooth, margin straight, slightly striate only at the margin when moist and unfolded. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in-) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick at the base, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) at the apex, firm, fistulose, inflated ventricose and zoned with yellow strigose villous down at the base (but scarcely rooted), even, smooth, livid-pale. Gills very ventricose, hence very attenuato- adnexed, at first sight appearing free, crowded, connected by veins, becoming green-livid, the orange edge toothed or rather flocculoso- pencilled. In its slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex pileus, like A. pelianthinus, it inclines towards the Collybice ; otherwise very much allied to A. elegans, perhaps a variety but larger and more fleshy. In silver-fir wood. Perth, 1875. Nov. Stem very brittle. Smell strong. It is admirably figured in the ' Flora Danica,' and has a peculiar aspect which separates it from other species, look- ing more like a Marasmius than a Mycena. B. 6s Br. Name — aurantius, orange ; margo, margin. From the edge of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 197. Hym. Eur. p. 131. B. & Br. n. 1516. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 140. Fl. Dan. t. 1292. f. 2. 253. A. elegans Pers.— 12 mm. (% in.) and more broad, be- coming light yellow-fuscous or light yellow-livid, opaque not hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, more or less um- bonate, striate, smooth. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid-tense and straight, equal, livid, floccoso-fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, linear, slightly distant, distinct, commonly livid, bluish- grey at the sides, the edge always darker, saffron-yellow, entire not manifestly toothed. The gills are changeable in colour, varying whitish, becoming yellow, &c., always, however, with the darker edge. Odour weak, of fennel, or even obsolete. Kalchbrenner gathered a singular variety called hyperborea (Enum. ii. n. 1039), with smoky or black gills, somewhat cinnabar at the edge. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. 124 AGARICUS. Mycena. Spores 8-10 x 4-5 mk. B. Name — elegans, neat. Pers. Syn. p. 391. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 198. Hym. Eur. p. 131. Berk. Out. p. 121. C. Hbk. n. 169. Jllust. PL 284. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 141. Fl. Dan. t. 2024. 254. A. rubro-marginatus Fr.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, hygrophanous, becoming red-livid or purple-fuscous, becom- *n£ Pa^e (variable), membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid-fragile, equal, often curved- ascending, even, smooth, pallid-livid. Gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, distant, distinct, not ventricose, whitish then grey, edge fuscous-purple, not manifestly toothed. It approaches Galericulati in its colours, but is smaller, not csespitose, somewhat fragile, inodorous, juiceless. It has much in common with A. san- guinolentus, from which it differs in its stature and juiceless stem. In woods, chiefly pine, on branches, &c. Frequent. July-Nov. Name — ruber, red ; margo, margin. From the red edge of gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 199. Hym. Eur. p. 132. Icon. t. 78. /. 4. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 170. Illust. PL 284. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 142. Var. fusco- purpureus Lasch n. 544. Among dead leaves. Very distinct from the usual form, having much the appearance of an exotic Marasmius. B. & Br. n. 1639. 255. A. strobilinus Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, scarlet^ conical then campanulate, membranaceous, the slightly fleshy even umbo acute, slightly striate and most frequently paler at the circumference, smooth, dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly rigid, equal, juiceless, even, smooth, white-strigose at the base. Gills adnate, decurrent with a thin tooth, distant, distinct, alternate, a little paler than the pileus, but the edge is darker, black-blood colour. Somewhat fasciculate. The whole plant is shining, persistently scarlet, not changing colour or becoming pale. On dead leaves, twigs, and cones of Scotch fir. Rare. Autumn. Fries has gathered it in beech woods. Name — strobilus, a pine-cone. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 200 (A. coccinellus). Hym. Eur. p. 132. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 171. Illust. PL 131. A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 143. FL Dan. t. 2025. f. i. A. coccineus Sow. t. 197. C. Illust. PI. 131. B. 256. A. rosellus Fr.— Pileus rose-colour, at length becoming pale, wholly membranaceous and striate and without a prominent acute and even umbo, campanulate then hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, slightly hygrophanous. Stem thin, soft, white-tomen- tose not strigose at the base, juiceless. Gills scarcely decurrent with a tooth, somewhat distant, rose-colour, edge black-purple. LEUCOSPORI. 125 It has many features in common with A. strobilinus. It is smaller, thinner, Mycena. softer, and paler. Both species preserve their habit, stature, and colours always unchanged, A. rosellus becoming pale only when old. Laxly gregarious. In woods, among fir-leaves. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores subellipsoid, 6-8x4 m^- K-! 8-10x4 mk. B. Name — diminutive, roseus, rose-coloured. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 200. Hym. Eur. p. 132. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 172. Illust. PL 131. C. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 144. Fl. Dan. t. 2025. f. 2. Gonn. & Rab. t. 7. f. n. A. roseus Pers. Syn. t. 5. f. 3. II. — ADONIDE^:. Colour pure, bright, &>c. 257. A. purus Pers.— Pileus 1-7.5 cent- (K~3 in-) broad, rose- colour, &c., slightly fleshy at the disc, campanulate then ex- panded, at length rather plane, breast-shaped with an obtuse even umbo, smooth, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) and more thick, fistulose, rigid, somewhat tough, equal or attenuated upwards when larger, even, smooth, villoso-fibrillose at the base, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, but very broad, hence they appear broadly emarginate or sinuate, ventricose, elegantly connected by a network of veins, pallid or whitish, the edge, which is of the same colour, quite entire. The colour of the pileus (which often becomes pale) and stem varies, rose, purple, lilac, bluish-grey, white. The pileus varies membranaceous, for the most part striate. The margin is straight when young, so that it is certainly a species of Mycena. Odour weak of radish. One remarkable form is wholly milk-white, with the pileus often yellowish ; another is quite snow-white, with ventricose stem. At first sight it is difficult to detect the affinity of these with the common rose-coloured or violet form. In woods, meadows, &c. Very common. July-Nov. The taste as well as the smell is that of radish. There are occasionally con- centric grooves on the pileus. Spores 6-10x4 mk. B.; 5x3 mk. W.G.S. Name— purus, pure. Pers. Syn. p. 339. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 201. Hym. Eur. p. 133. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 173. Illust. PI. 157. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 145. Hussey ii. /. 49. Harz. t. 38. Fl. Batav. t. 1060. Paul. t. 119. Fl. Dan. t. 1612, 1673. /. z (A. roseus). Batsch f. 20. A. collinus Larbr. t. 13. f. 4. Bull. t. 507. Schceff. t. 303 (if white-spored). 258. A. pseudo-purus Cke.— Pileus scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rosy then pale, rather fleshy, campanulate then convex, expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth, margin obscurely striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, slender, hollow, rigid, straight, even, naked, at first rosy-white, becoming brown when dry. Gills adnate, whitish. The stem in A. purus does not change colour. Spores in A. purus shorter and ovoid, whilst in this species they are regularly elliptical. Allied to A. zephirus. 126 AGARICUS. Mycena. In woods. Coed Coch, 1880. Autumn. It is doubtful if this is anything but one of the many forms of A. purus. Spores 6x4 mk. W.P. Name— ^wWf, false. Spurious A. purus. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 147. C. Illust. PL 158. 259. A. zephirus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, livid-red- dish, white-flesh-colour, the disc occasionally becoming fuscous, not hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, diaphanous, cam- panulate then convex, obtuse, striate to the middle, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, round, slightly striate, when young throughout or at least at the apex white-squamnlose, at length naked, rufescent^ incurved and woolly at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent with a small tooth, broad, but not ventricose, at length separating, widely connected by veins, in groups of 2-4, white. Gregarious, rigid, fragile, inodorous. Its habit is in a measure that of A. purus, but it is scarcely rightly allied to that species ; rather allied to A. atro- albus. On decayed fir wood. Glamis, 1876. Dec. Name £e' Br. n. 1849 (scarlet form). C. Hbk. n. 175. Illust. PL 185. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 147. 261. A. lineatus Bull.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) high and broad, sometimes larger, commonly becoming light yellow but vary- ing whitish, remarkably membranaceous, hood-shaped then cam- panulate, obtuse, wholly lineato-sulcate, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 LEUCOSPORI. 127 in.) long, fistulose, filiform, equal, even, smooth, for the most Mycem part becoming light yellow, towards the base white-villous, some- what velvety. Gills simply adnate, linear, somewhat distant, dis- tinct, white, the edge, which is of the same colour, quite entire. Moderately changeable in colour, thin and soft. Among moss. Foxley. Sept. Name — linea, aline. From the lines on the pileus. Bull. t. 522. /. 3 (a darker var.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 134. Icon. t. 78. f. 5 (paler var. with flattened pileus). Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 74. C. Illust. PL 185. b. 262. A. luteo-albus Bolt.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) high and broad, yellow, somewhat shining, not becoming pale, membran- aceous, acutely campanulate, itmbonate when expanded, slightly pelhtcid-striate (not sulcate), smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent- O"2 m-) long, fistulose, filiform, equal, somewhat flexuou s, tough, smooth, even, base somewhat fibrillose. Gills adnate, somewhat uncinate, at first joined behind, broad, alternate, distinct, shining white, edge quite entire. Very slender, but slightly firm, dry. It seems nearest to A. Adonis. Among moss in fir woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. gills. Bolt. t. 38. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 134. Berk. Out. p. 123. C. Hbk. n. 176. Illust. PL 159. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Name— luteus, yellow; albus, white. From the yellow pileus and white 'ott. t. 38. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 204. Hv> 'ut. p. Nat. July 1883. 263. A. flavo-albus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (y2 in.) and more broad, ochraceous, light yellow-white or wholly white, some- what membranaceous, almost slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, \hv& flattened, umbonate, smooth, even (not truly striate), rimosely split when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly rigid, tense and straight, equal, not rooted, pellucidly white, smooth at the base, but pruinose at the apex. Gills adnexed, soon separating-free, at length plane, ventricose, distant, white. Growing in troops. Often difficult to distinguish it from A. lacteus. In woods and meadows. Frequent. July-Dec. Spores 6-8x3-4 mk. B. Na.mQ—jffavus, light yellow; albus, white. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 205. Hym. Eur. p. 135. Icon. t. 79. /. 5. B. 6» Br. n. 989. C. Hbk. n. 177. Illust. PL 159. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 148. A. stem short. A. pumilus Bull. t. 260. B. stem longer, filiform. 264. A. lacteus Pers. Wholly milk-white.— Pileus as much as 12 mm. (yz in.) broad, membranaceous, campanulate, somewhat 128 AGARICUS. Mycena. umbonate, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, fistulose, equal, somewhat filiform, flexile, even, smooth, fibrilloso-rooted at the base. Gills adnate, ascending, crowded, narrow, distinct, alternate. Always scattered, not casspitose. Sometimes becoming light-yellowish on the disc. Whitened forms of other species must be carefully separated from it. Var. pulchella, Fr. Icon. t. 79. f. 3 ; pileus much thinner with a prominent umbo, gills broader at the base, somewhat distant. Typically caespitose, growing on wood. In woods, chiefly among pine-leaves. Common. July-Sept. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 4-5x3-4 mk. K.; 3x6mk. W.G.S. Name — lac, milk. Milk-white. Pers. Syn. p. 394. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 205. Hym. Eur.p. 135. Berk. Out. p. 123. C. Hbk. n. 178. Illust. PL 159. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 149. Fl. Dan. t. 1845. / r- A- nanus Bull. t. 563.7. N. O. Buxb. C. iv. t. 31. /. 3. III. — RIGIPEDES. Stem rigid, &c. 265. A. cohserens Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, cinnamon or umber-tawny, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, cam- panulate, obtuse, even, smooth, but soft to the touch and some- what velvety in appearance, margin straight and at the first ad- pressed to the stem. Stems 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) high, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, caespitoso-fasciculate, fistulose, very rigid, almost horny, equal, even, smooth, shining, bay-brown upwards and whit- ish at the very apex, date-brown below and glued together at the base with white (as if heterogeneous) villous down. Gills rounded behind, somewhat free, distant, commonly connected by veins, very broad, white then becoming pale. As regards the stem it approaches the Marasmii, M. alliaceus, e.g. , but the gills are wholly those of Mycena, nearest to those of A. galericulatus. Pileus striate when damp. On bramble, among pine-leaves, &c. Batheaston, &c. Feb. It has much affinity with A. balaninus Berk. ; but that has the margin of the gills purple. They have, however, the same fulvous bristles on the surface. B. & Br. The individual stems rarely come in contact, but are joined to- gether by the shaggy down. Name — coh Br. n. 1746. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 156. C. Illust. PL 224. IV.— FRAGILIPEDES. Stem fragile, &>c. 275. A. atro-albus Bolt.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat membranaceous, parabolico-campanulate, obtuse, the blackish disc even, whitish and slightly pellucid-striate round the margin, not hygrophanous. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, al- most 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, remarkably fistulose, tense and straight, even, shining, of two colours, darker at the apex, with a hairy bulbous-swollen root. Gills free, ventricose, crowded, white then becoming glaucous. Firmer than the others in this section, but neither rigid nor fusiform-rooted ; distinguished from them all by its swollen, inflated, hairy base. Solitary or gregarious, not caespitose. Var. minor, with stem pruinate at the apex, is not constant. LEUCOSPORI. 133 In mixed woods, among moss. Frequent. July-Nov. Mycena. Name — ater, black ; albus, white. From the two distinct colours. Bolt. t. 137. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 212. Hym. Eur. p. 140. Berk. Out. p. 124. C. Hbk. n. 184. S. My col. Scot. n. 157. 276. A. dissiliens Fr.— Pileus cinereous-fuscous, whitish round the margin, somewhat membranaceous, acorn-shaped then con- ico-campanulate, not flattened, but revolute at the margin, sulcate to the middle, dry. Stem short, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, attenuated upwards from the strigose base, 2-4 -mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, somewhat incurved, smooth or pruinate, juiceless, slightly striate under a lens, cinereous, split and breaking asunder into revolute Jlaps when compressed or bent. Gills rounded behind, separating- free, broader in front and running out at the very obtuse truncate apex, soft, watery, whitish or cinereous at the base, the shorter ones crisped. Very fragile, with a vapid odour (not nitrous). In shady places the pileus is commonly covered over with a fibrillose network and hoary silky pruina. In natural affinity very nearly conjoined with A. atro-albus, but in habit it rather resembles A. galericulatus or A. alkalinus. On trunks, branches, &c. Frequent. July-Nov. Name — dissilio, to burst asunder. From the manner in which the stem splits. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 213. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Icon. t. 81. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 185. Illust. PI. 285. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 158. A. pseudoclypeatus Bolt. t. 154. A. metatus Seer, Mich. Gen. t. 79. f. 5. Paul. t. 122. f. 8. 277. A. atro-cyaneus Batsch. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, of one colour, fuscous then becoming azure-blue-grey, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, at length flattened, gib- bous, with an irregularly shaped, somewhat angular, wrinkled, obtuse, fuscous blackish umbo, deeply sulcate (even when dry) to the umbo, sprinkled with white powder which is easily rubbed off. Stem 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) long, fistulose,y?///0r«, slightly attenu- ated from the slightly bulbous base, almost equal, rigid, fragile, even, smooth, dark blue-black. Gills joined in a collar, attenuate- adnate, ventricose, distinct, distant, white. Fragile, inodorous. Its affinity is not fully apparent. The figure of Batsch is from a small and imperfectly developed specimen. In fir woods. Ascot, 1865, &c. Sept.-Nov. Name — ater, black ; cyaneus, dark-blue. Batsch f. 87. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 203. Hym. Eur. p. 141. B. 6* Br. n. 1213, 1640*. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 150. C. Illust. PL 236. b. 278. A. pullatus Berk. £ Cke.— Pileus 18 mm. (tf in.) broad, 134 AGARICUS. Mycena. at first dark brown with a tinge of purple, disc almost black, membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, sulcato-striate to the middle. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, thickened downwards, of the same colour, whitish floe- cose at the base, sometimes rooting. Gills adnexed, rather broad, scarcely crowded, white. Spores elliptic, smooth. Odour slightly nitrous. The pileus grows a little paler with age, sometimes with a glaucous bloom. Allied to A. atro-cyaneus and A. leptocephalus. On the ground among dead leaves. Chingford, 1882, &c. Oct.-Nov. Name — pullus, dark. From the blackened colour. B. & C. Grcvillea, vol. xi. p. 69. C. lllust. PL 237. 279. A. pauperculus Berk.— Pileus 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, pale ochraceous -white, fleshy, somewhat membranaceous, obtusely conical or hemispherical, minutely innato-fibrillose. Stem 1-2.5 cent. (j£-i in.) long, i m. (yz lin.) thick, white, curved, rooting, minutely stuffed, smooth except at the villous base, powdered at the top with the sporules, generally thicker below. Gills at first free then adnexed, white. Odour farinaceous. The pileus is in age almost tawny, probably stained by the wood on which it grows. Gills adnexed from the growth of the pileus which is sometimes striate from translucence. Inside of decayed stumps. Uncommon. Sept. Name — diminutive of pauper, poor. From its insignificant appearance. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 57. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 187. lllust. PL 236. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 141. 280. A. leptocephalus Pers. — Pileus cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulato-expanded, repand, umbonate, sul- cate, pruinose, opaque. Stem equal, slightly striate, opaque, dry. Gills emarginate, white-cinereous. Fragile, strong-smelling, odour nitrous. Solitary. It agrees with A. alka- linus in its nitrous odour, but differs in its growth never being casspitose, in its slightly striate stem, its pruinose sulcate pileus, and its emarginate gills. On trunks and the ground. Laxton Park, Northamptonshire. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8 mk. Q. Name — XCTTTO?, fine ; /ce^aA^, head. From its delicate pileus. Pers. Ic. t. 14. f. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Monogr. \. p. 214. B. & Br. n. 1747. C. lllust. PL 187. 281. A. alkalinus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- O-2 in-) broad, cin- ereous, fuscous, date-brown, inclining to olivaceous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, deeply striate LEUCOSPORI. 135 when moist, shining when dry, never pruinose or when dry Mycena. rugulose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, slightly firm, rigid, but like the whole plant fragile, equal, slippery (not viscous) when moist, shining when dry, smooth, villous at the base, normally yellow, but often cinereous. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, con- nected by veins or distinct, slightly ventricose, glaucous-white or dark cinereous and whitish at the edge, sometimes becoming cinereous-yellow. Varying very much in stature. It is readily distinguished by its strong alka- line odour, and by its pileus and stem not having a viscid pellicle, from A. epipterygius, with which it so agrees in the colours, which vary in each in an analogous manner, that it is difficult to discriminate between the figures of the one and the other, although the plants themselves are not even allied. On trunks, stumps, &c. Common. May-Nov. Often tinged everywhere with yellow or pink. Solitary or caespitose. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 8-10x6-7 mk. K.; 10-12x4-6 mk. B, ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — alkali. From its alkaline odour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 214. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Icon. t. 81. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 1 86. Illust. PL 187, 225. S. Mycol. Scot. n. rfo.—Schceff. t. 31, 32. 282. A. ammoniacus Fr. — Pileus fuscous blackish at the disc, paler round the margin, varying cinereous, somewhat membran- aceous, at first acutely conical, papillate, then campanulate, naked, discoid, opaque, striate round the margin. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (>£-i lin.) thick, rooting, slightly firm, polished, even, dry, equal, whitish, not becoming yellow, strigose at the base. Gills simply adnate, linear, distant, distinct, whitish or grey and whitish towards the apex. Pileus varying in colour and stature. Very much allied to A. alkalinus ; odour the same, only weaker ; growth not caespitose. On the ground among grass. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Easily distinguished from A. alkalinus by its habitat (always on the ground, never on stumps) by its single (never caespitose) growth, and by its stem being uniformly whitish, never becoming yellow. Spores 10-13 x 4-6 mk. B. Name — from its strong scent of ammonia. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 215. Hym. Eur. p. 142. B. 6s Br. n. 1214. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 161. C. Illust. PI. 238. a. 283. A. metatus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (yz in.) or a little more broad, very hygrophanous, cinereous when moist, opaque and whitish when dry, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherico- campanulate, obtuse, soft, when moist slightly striate, when dry without strias, somewhat silky in appearance (under a lens at least). Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, soft-flaccid, even, smooth, whitish-cinereous, fibrillose at the base, but not truly rooted. Gills simply adnate, linear, distinct, somewhat distant, whitish. 136 AGARICUS. Mycena. It varies flesh-colour, livid, &c. Odour weak, alkaline, often obsolete ; otherwise it is widely removed from A. alkalinus, &c., in the substance of the whole plant being soft becoming flaccid rather than rigid-fragile, and in the pileus being hygrophanous and easily changing colour. Gregarious but never casspitose. There is also a form with the pileus conical then campanulate, velvety under a lens. In mixed wood among moss. Glamis, 1874, &c. Oct.-Nov. Spores 8-10 x 4-6 mk. B. Name — metatus, furnished with a meta. Conical. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 215. Hym. Eur. p. 142. B. & Br. n. 1519. S. Mycol, Scot. n. 162. C. Illust. PI. 238. b. Paul. t. 99. /. 8 (livid flesh-colour). Buxb. C. iv. t. 15.7. 3. 284. A. plicosus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous- cinereous, opaque when dry, membranaceous, fragile, campanu- late then expanded, with a slightly fleshy, broad, obtuse, even umbo, otherwise deeply lineato-sulcate, almost plicose with the distant furrows, often split. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, slightly firm, fragile however, tense and straight, equal, even, smooth, grey, becoming fuscous, blunt, not rooted, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate and without a decurrent tooth, thick, truly distant, connected by veins, grey and at length whitish-pruinose. The stem is by no means soft like that of A. metatus. On the ground in wood. Rare. Killin, 1876. Sept. Name — plico, to fold. From the folds on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 216. Hym. Eur. p. 142. Icon. t. 81. /. 4. B. & Br. n. 1641. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 163. C. Illust. PL 285. b. 285. A. peltatus Fr.— Pileus 18 mm. (# in.) broad, black- fuscous when damp, grey when dry, convex when young, soon exactly plane, the turned up margin very closely but manifestly striate, disc slightly fleshy, orbicular, even, plane. Stem 4-5 cent. (i>£-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, rigid, some- what fragile, often flexuous, even, smooth, naked, livid. Gills adnate with a small decurrent tooth, at first crowded, ventricose, but somewhat distant when the pileus is flattened, distinct, grey, paler towards the edge. The slightly fleshy centre is dilated and plane beyond the middle (rather umbilicate than umbonate above the tube of the stem). When dry the margin is raised all round and becomes black, presenting the form of a shallow circular vessel. Among mosses the stem is drawn out and-villous at the base, but not truly rooted. A most distinguished species, inodorous, growing in troops and densely crowded. In woods among moss. Rare. Altyre. Aug.-Sept Name— pelta, a small shield. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 216. Hym. Eur. p. 142. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 164. LEUCOSPORI. 137 286. A. setites Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) broad, fuscous-grey, Mycena. becoming pale, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, with a broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, sulcate to the umbo, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, fistulose, but often compressed, and then the tube disappears, unequal, fragile, smooth, shining, becoming whitish-fuscous. Gills adnate, somewhat uncinate, a little arcuate, thin, at first cohering in the form of a collar, beautifully reticu- lated with veins, somewhat distant, white, grey at the sides. Odour bitterish or obsolete ; growing in troops. The pileus is sometimes rufescent as in the figure of Schaeffer ; when dry the very margin becomes black, not the whole striate part as in A. peltatus. In woods. Ascot, 1873, &c- Spores TO x 6 mk. B. Name — aerm;?, the eagle-stone. Iron ore. From the fuscous-grey colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 217. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 81. /. 5 (rufescent form). B. & Br. n. 1411. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 165. C. lllust. PL 188. A. umbelliferus Scheeff. t. 309. 287. A. stanneus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (ij£ in.) broad, hygro- phanous, grey when moist, when dry tin-colour, silky glistening, smooth however, membranaceous, campanulate then flattened, fragile, often rimose, striate, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, but compressed to 4 mm. (2 lin.) in breadth, narrowly fistulose, slightly rigid, even, shining, smooth, becoming pale, not very fragile. Gills adnate, with a small decur- rent tooth, scarcely crowded, connected by veins, whitish grey. Inodorous. Scattered or loosely gregarious. It differs abundantly from A. metatus in its rigidity, in its glistening pileus when dry, and in its whole nature; it may rather be compared with A. collariatus among Filipedes. In wood among grass. Cabalva. Oct. Spores 8-10x4 mk. B. Name— stannum, tin. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 217. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 82. /. 2. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 74. C. lllust. PI. 1 88. 288. A. vitreus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, opaque, fuscous then livid or bluish-grey, wholly membranaceous ; very thin, campanulate, obtuse, wholly lineato-striate, smooth, dry, margin entire, naked. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, i m. (% lin.) thick, remarkably fistulose, equal, smooth, glistening', striate under a /ens, fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, linear, distinct, thin, somewhat distant, whitish, of the same colour at the edge. It has no umbo or slightly fleshy disc. The whole plant -very fragile, juice- less, inodorous. Elegant, growing in troops. Among mosses the stem is ex- tended at the base and spuriously rooted. This and A. tennis differ from the rest in the substance being much thinner. 138 AGARICUS. Mycena. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — vitrum, glass. From the glassy appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 218. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 82. /. i. B. 6° Br. n. mi. C. Hbk. n. 188. Illust. PI. 160. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 166. 289. A. tenuis Bolt. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) or a little more broad, hyaline or becoming fuscous-white, very thinly membran- aceous, campanulato-convex, obtuse, lineato-striate, smooth, watery, the slight margin beautifully fringed in a crenate manner, as if appendiculate with the fragments of a veil. Stem tall, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very tense and straight, even, smooth, watery, hyaline-white, or here and there becoming yellow at the base. Gills adnate, with a small decur- rent tooth which is often obsolete, distant, distinct, linear, rather thick comparatively, soft, whitish. Wholly watery, very delicate, very fragile, wholly wavering. It differs from all other species in the tube of the stem which is very thin, membranaceous, consisting as it were only of the cuticle of the foregoing species, hence pellucid. It varies with the pileus conical, lineato-striate to the prominent umbo, when dry even and becoming pale. In shady moist woods. Rare. Sept. Spores 3x4 mk. W. G.S. Name — tenuis, thin. Delicate. Bolt. t. 37. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 218. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Berk. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 189. Illust. PL 160. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 167. V.— FILIPEDES. Stem filiform, &c. 290. A. filopes Bull. — Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.) broad, livid- fuscous, rarely whitish, remarkably membranaceous, conical then campanulate, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, fistulose, equal, ^\\Q\\^ filiform, tense and straight, flaccid, but not very tough, even, smooth, rooting with a long pilose tail, when in vigour filled with a watery juice. Gills free or only reaching the stem, ventricose or lanceolate, crowded, white. The gills are at length grey at the base as is usual in this group. More fragile than the rest. Elegant in appearance where it grows in troops. In woods, among leaves, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. ilum, a thread ; pes, a foot. With thread-like stem. Bull. t. 320. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 219. Hym. Eur. p. 144. Berk. Out. p. 126. C. Hbk. n. 191. Illust. PL 161. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 168. Hoffm. Nom. t. 6. f. i. A. pilosus Batschf. 2. 291. A. amictus Fr.— Pileus 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) broad, vary- ing in colour, green, bluish-grey, livid, but not pure, membran- LEUCOSPORI. 139 aceous, conico-campanulate, but scarcely umbonate, slightly pel- Mycenz lucid-striate to the middle, also pruinate when in full vigour, but the pruina easily separates. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, thinly fistulose, filiform, equal, /far?/?, wholly villous-pnlverulent, livid, but the very long tortuous root is almost smooth. Gills free, or only reaching the stem, linear, crowded, narrow, grey, the edge paler. Gregarious, inodorous, very much tougher than A. filopes. The floccoso- pruinose covering seems a species of veil. Among leaves. Glamis, 1877, £c. Sept. Spores 8x4 mk. B. Name — amicio, to clothe. From the covering both on pileus and stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 219. Hym. Eur. p. 144. Icon. t. 82. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 1642. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 169. C. Illust. PI. 286. Buxb. Cent. iv. /. 31. /. 2. 292. A. debilis Fr.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish livid, somewhat flesh -colour, &c., becoming fuscous when dry, membranaceous, very thin, campanulate then convex, obtuse, striate when moist, when dry even, but withering and corrugated. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, slightly fistulose, capillary-filiform, weak and lax, of the same colour as the pileus, fibrillose at the base. Gills broadly adnate, rather broad, distinct, somewhat distant, whitish, edge of the same colour. Gregarious ; soon withering in fine weather. In this natural habit it departs very widely from all the others in this group. It is in reality intruded among species which are not allied, on account of its filiform, juiceless, but flaccid rather than flexile stem. It is readily distinguished from A. sanguinolentus , which is very like it, by its gills being' of the same colour at the edge. The umbo, if present, is obtuse. In chestnut wood. Wrotham, Kent, 1875. Oct. Name — debilis, weak. From the flaccid stem. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 222. Hym. Eur. p. 145. Icon. t. 82. /. 4. B. & Br. n. 1521. Bull. t. 518. /. P. C. Illust. PI. 189. A. capillaris Fl. Dan. t. 1670. /. i. 293. A. vitilis Fr. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, fuscous or livid, becoming pale or whitish, membranaceous, conical then campanulate, papillate, not wrinkled, but striate to the middle, dry, smooth. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, thinly fistulose, filiform, rooted, tense and straight, rigid but tough, easily flexile, even, smooth, juiceless, shining, livid. Gills attenuato-adnate, and without a decurrent tooth, ascending, linear, thin, distinct, whitish or grey. The pileus is deeply striate when moist, becoming even when dry. The slightly fleshy papilla often vanishing. The gills sometimes slightly sinuate, or, in a variation in which the pileus is fuscous, dark cinereous with a whitish 140 AGARICUS. Mycena. edge. Solitary or gregarious, never caespitose. In nature and natural struc- ture it approaches A. galericulatus, so that it was taken (Bull. t. 518.7. e. ) for a slender variety of that species. Otherwise very variable, inodorous, persist- ent, not withering when dry. It varies with the pileus obtuse, wholly lineato- striate, &c. In mixed woods among leaves. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. The gills vary a good deal in colour, and are sometimes very dark. M.J.B. Name — vitilis, plaited. From the deep striae. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 221. Hym. Eur. p. 145. Berk. Out. p. 126. C. Hbk. n. 192. Illust. PI. 189. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 170. Price f. 9. Bull. t. 518. /. O. A. tenuis Sow. t. 385.7. 5. 294. A. collariatus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) and more broad, typically fuscous, but becoming pale, commonly grey- whitish, becoming fuscous only at the disc, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, somewhat umbonate, striate, when dry rigid, smooth, not soft nor slightly silky. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, fistulose, filiform but almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, tough, dry, smooth, even or slightly striate under a lens, becoming pale. Gills adnate, joined in a collar behind, thin, crowded, hoary- whitish, or obsoletely flesh-coloured. The gills are somewhat distant when the pileus is expanded. There is not a separate collar as in Marasmius rotula : the gills are only joined in the form of a collar, and remain cohering when they separate from the stem. As A. vitilis approaches A. galericulatus, this approaches A. stanneus, and without having both species in hand it is difficult to distinguish them. In wood, among oak-bark. Glamis, 1874. Nov. In my specimens the pileus had a decided tinge of pink, like A. Adonis, but differing, as Berkeley remarked, in the decidedly striato-sulcate pileus. The attachment of the gills is very distinctive. Spores 8-10 x 4-6 mk. B. Name — collare, a collar. From the union of the gills in a collar. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 222. Hym. Eur. p. 146. Icon. t. 82. f.$. B. & Br. n. 1520. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 171. C. Illust. PI. 189. 295. A. speireus Fr. — Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, mem- branaceous, conico-convex then plane, at length depressed in the centre, the darker umbo fuscous, otherwise pallid cinereous or whitish, variegated with fuscous striae, smooth, sometimes pruin- ate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, i m. (^ lin.) thick, fistulose, very tough, filiform, equal, smooth, shining, white, becoming fuscous at the base, ending with a tail-like fibrillose root. Gills at first adnate, then when the pileus is depressed deeply decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter, shining white. The stem is not widened into the pileus as in the Mycenarian Omphalicz. In troops but not casspitose; appearing in very rainy weather. On mossy trunks in mixed wood. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Even when the pileus is most depressed in the centre the darker umbo re- LEUCOSPORI. I4T mains very marked. This is well defined in the figure and letterpress of Mycena. 'Icones'; " the darker papillate disc at length depressed." Name — o-Treipa, a coil. From the twisted root. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 147. Icon. t. 78. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 126. C. Hbk. n. 193. Illust. PI. 190. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 172. 296. A. tenellus Fr. Wholly white or livid-flesh-colour.— Pileus 12 mm. (yz in.) broad, membranaceous, very tender, cam- panulato-convex, obtuse, pellucid, slightly striate at the margin. Stem capillary, smooth, soft, villous at the base. Gills uncinate, very thin, crowded, white then flesh-colour. Ccespitose. On decayed trees. Caen Wood. Name — tener, tender. Diminutive. Very tender. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 147. C. Illust. PL 190.— Rail Syn. t. i./. 2. 297. A. acicula Schaeff.— Pileus 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, vermilion -orange, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, with a very small slightly fleshy umbo, striate, smooth, shining. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, delicately fistulose, rooted, wholly bristle- like, very smooth (with exception of the rooting base), bright shining, intensely yellow. Gills rounded-adnexed, almost free, comparatively broad, ventricose, somewhat ovate, distant, the alternate ones shorter, yellow, whitish at the edge or wholly white. Stem somewhat pruinose at the apex. Although very tender it is very tough and persistent. On leaves, twigs, &c. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores 8-10 x 2-4 mk. B. Name — acicula, a small pin. Schceff. t. 222. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 223. Hym. Eur. p. 147. Icon. t. 85. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 194. Illust. PL 190. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 173. B. young, with white gills. Lasch. A. clavus Bolt. t. 39. B. VI. — LACTIPEDES. Stem milky, &>c. 298. A. hsematopus Pers.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, white-flesh-colour, fleshy-membranaceous, slightly fleshy chiefly at the disc, conical then campanulate, obtuse, nay convex and spuriously umbonate, naked, even or slightly striate at the margin, which is at the flrst elegantly denticulate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, remarkably fistulose, rigid, normally everywhere pulverulent with whitish delicate villous down, sometimes, however, denuded of it. Gills adnate, often with a small decurrent tooth, the alternate ones shorter, in 142 AGARICUS. Mycena. front disappearing short of the slight margin of the pileus, whitish and wholly of the same colour at the edge. Ccespitose (very many of the stems conjoined and strigose at the base), firm, stature almost that of A. galericulatus, wholly abounding with dark blood- coloured juice. On stumps. Frequent. Sept. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 10x6-7 mk. K- Name — atjuio, blood; novs, a foot. From the juice of the stem. Pers. Obs. 2. p. 56. Syn. p. 379. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 224. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Icon. t. 83. f. i. B. 6° Br. n. 991. C. Hbk. n. 195. Illust. PL 162. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 174. 299. A. cruentus Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, bay- brown or fuscous then red, becoming pale, somewhat membran- aceous, conical then campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth, margin quite entire. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, tense and straight, even, smooth (never villous-pulverulent), paler than the pileus, villous-rooted at the base, distilling a dark-red juice when broken. Gills wholly adnate, crowded, linear, whitish, the edge, which is quite entire, of the same colour. Odour not remarkable. Always solitary ; not flaccid. Intermediate between A. hcematopus and A. sanguinolentus. In -pine woods. Rare. Sept. Margin of pileus inflexed ; substance at first rather thick in proportion ; stem rigid, strigose at the base ; gills obtuse in front, shortly adnate. B. & Br. Spores 6-8 x 4 mk. B. Name — cruor, gore. From the red juice. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 225. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Icon. t. 83.^ 2. Berk. Out. p. 127. B. &» Br. n. 992. C. Hbk. n. 196. Illust. PL 162. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 175. Sow. t. 385. / 2, 3. 300. A. sanguinolentus A. & S.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, pallid reddish, becoming fuscous, umbo and strias com- monly darker, very thinly memdranaceous, campanulato-convex or hemispherical, papillate, smooth, striate to the umbo. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, weak, flaccid, almost capillary, mod- erately tough, naked, smooth, pallid, somewhat fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, linear, somewhat distant, the alternate ones shorter, paler than the pileus, the edge black-purple. The stem is elongated among Sphagna to as much as 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.). Gregarious. So very tender and easily withering that it is commonly over- looked. The thinnest of this group and inclining to Calodontes in the edge of the gills being black-purple, but placed in this section on account of the stem distilling a pale-reddish juice. The edge of the gills always safely distin- guishes it from A. debilis to which it is very like. In woods among leaves especially fir. Common. July-Oct. LEUCOSPORI. 143 Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, irregular, 8-9 x 6-7 mk. K. ; irregularly toothed, roundish, 7-9x5-8 mk. B. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — sanguis, blood. From the juice. Alb. 6* Schw. p. 196. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 225. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Icon. t. 83.7. 3. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 197. Illust. PI. 163. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 176. Gonn. &> Rab. t. -j.f. lo.—Bull. t. 518. /. P. right hand. 301. A. crocatus Schrad.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) broad, olivaceous, cinereous or shining white, somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, the even umbonate disc reddish, striate towards the quite entire margin. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, slightly attenuated from the base, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, tense and straight, even, smooth, saffron-blood-colour, especially towards the rooting fibrillose base. Gills attenuato-adnexed, somewhat distant, broader in front, somewhat ventricose, white. Quite inodorous, scattered. Readily distinguished by its saffron-blood juice. The base of the stem creeps among leaves. There is a smaller variety on beech. In woods among leaves. Uncommon. Name — crocus, saffron. From the juice. Schrad. — Fr. Monogr. \. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 198. Illust. PL 163. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 177. Fl. Dan. t. 1550.7 i, 2024.7 i. Knapp. Journ. Bot. t.7. 302. A. chelidonius Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (lA~i in.) broad, becoming yellow-flesh-colour, somewhat membranaceous, cam- panulate then convex, obtuse, smooth, pellucid-striate when moist, even and opaque when dry, margin quite entire. Stem 4-5 cent. (i%-2 in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, even, smooth, becoming yellow, sparingly filled with yellow juice, rooting and villous at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, distinct, whitish or becoming yellow-white. Somewhat csespitose, with the habit of yellowish forms of A. alkalinus to which it is allied. Odour somewhat alkaline. On stumps of beech. Rare. , the name of a flowering plant (Celandine) with yellow juice. The name is derived from xe^t^i', a swallow; the swallow arriving about the time the plant flowers. The fungus is so named from its yellow milk. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 199. Illust. PL 207 a. A. pumilus Sow. t. 385. f. 4. 303. A. galopus Pers.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, at first becoming black, then cinereous, varying white with a black- ish papilla, membranaceous, conical then campanulate, some- what umbonate, striate, naked or pruinate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, slender, somewhat fragile, even, smooth or pruinate, cinereous-blackish, paler upwards, somewhat thick- 144 AGARICUS. Mycena. ened villous and rooting at the base. Gills attenuated behind, slightly adnexed, broader towards the margin of the pileus, white, sometimes becoming glaucous. The stem is elongated among the taller mosses. Readily distinguished from all others by t\& plentiful white juice of the stem. When old and juice- less it is easily confounded with A. filopes. Growing in troops. In woods, among leaves. Common. July-Oct. Name — y<£Aa, milk ; wow's, a foot. From the white juice of the stem. Pers. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Berk. Out. p. 128. t. 6. f. 2. C. Hbk. n.. 200. Illust. PI. 207. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 178. Fl. Dan. t. 1550. /. 2. Gonn. & Rab. t. 7. / 9. Batt. t. 28. Q. 304. A. leucogalus Cke.— Pileus 12 mm. (y£ in.) broad and high, purple brown, paler at the margin, becoming black at the umbo, membranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, sulcate to the middle; milk white, plentiful. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, fis- tulose, slender, a little thickened downwards, of the same col- our as the pileus, whitish tomentose at the base. Gills adnate with a small decurrent tooth, rather distant, connected by veins, cinereous. Pileus not exceeding an inch. Forming dense casspitose tufts. On rotten stump. Kew, 1883. Oct. Name — AevKos, white ; yaAa, milk. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 41. VII. — GLUTINIPEDES. Stem glutinous, &>c. 305. A. epipterygius Scop.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) and more broad, commonly cinereous, membranaceous, campanulate and at length more expanded, obtuse, never depressed, striate, covered over with a pellicle which, when the plant is moist, is very viscous, and in every state easily separable, the margin when young sometimes elegantly denticulate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, often flexuous, rooted and fibrillose at the base, even, viscous, for the most part yellow, but varying cinereous, pallid, whitish. Gills decurrent with a tooth, thin, whitish, cinereous, bluish-grey, rufescent. A very changeable species, chiefly as regards colour ; pileus often rufescent when older. Sometimes solitary, sometimes gregarious or caespitose, inodor- ous. Easily distinguished by the viscous pellicle being easily separable both from the stem and the pileus. In woods, among grass, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. The stem is generally paler in the middle. Spores ellipsoid, 8-10 x 4-5 mk. K. ; 6-10 x 4-5 mk. B. Name — InC, upon ; n-Tepvytov, a membrane. From LEUCOSPORI. 145 the pellicle. Scop. p. 453. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 227. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Berk. Mycena. Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. n. 201. Illust. PI. 208. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 179. Sow. t. 92. Fl. Dan. t. 2078. /. 2. 306. A. clavicularis Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in-) and more broad, whitish, light yellowish, becoming fuscous, membrana- ceous, convexo-expanded, striate, dry, -without a pellicle, at length depressed at the disc. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, tough, even, smooth, not very viscous, whitish, fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent when the pileus is de- pressed, often connected by veins, whitish. A remarkable species, related to A. epipterygius, but almost dry ; the stem is viscid only in wet weather. There is a thinner variety with filiform stem. In grassy ground in fir woods. Glamis, 1876, &c. Oct. Name — clavus, a nail. Like a small nail in shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 228. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Icon. t. 84. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1749. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 1 80. Bull. t. 80. C. Illust. PI. 208. 307. A. pelliculosus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (lA-i in.) broad, fuscous then grey, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, obtuse, lineato-striate to the middle, with a viscid separable pellicle. Stem curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, fistulose, rigid, tense and straight, somewhat thickened at the apex, smooth, vis- cid, white-livid, becoming fuscous. Gills adnate, alternate, very distant, almost in the form of folds, but wholly simple and not con- nected by veins, joined in a collar behind and decurrent, becoming glaucous. The pileus is covered -with a viscous separable pellicle like A. epipterygius ; but it is very easily distinguished from that species by the distant, fold-like gills. The gills are much more decurrent than those of A. epipterygius. Growing in troops during very rainy weather. On heaths and in heathy woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Cinereous. Resembling A. galericulatus rather than A. epipterygius. M. J. B. N&me—pellicula, a thin membrane. Furnished with a pellicle. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 228. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Berk. Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. n. 202. Illust. PI. 191. -S'. Mycol. Scot. n. 181. 308. A. vulgaris Pers.— Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, fuscous or cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate then convex, then depressed at the disc, papillate, slightly striate, slightly viscid. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in.) long, commonly 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, very ruiscous, cinereous, rooting and white- strigose at the base. Gills at first uncinato-adfixed, then decur- rent, thin, white. Gregarious, inodorous, changeable. The pileus is often rufescent when K 146 AGARICUS. Mycena. old ; it varies whitish, with the papilla fuscous. The stem is elongated and filiform among the taller mosses. In fir woods, &c., among moss. Common. July-Nov. Spores ellipsoid, 3~4X2mk. K. ; ioX4mk. W.P. Name — vulgaris, com- mon. Pers. Syn. p. 394. Ic. pict. t. 19. f. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 228. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Berk. Out. p. 128. t. 6./. 4. C. Hbk. n. 203. Illust. PI. 191. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 182. Quel. t. 4.7. 7. Fl. Dan. t. 1678. /. 2 (incorrect). 309. A. citrinellus Pers. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, lemon-yellow, but often darker at the disc, membranaceous, cam- panulate then hemispherical and flattened, but not umbilicato- depressed, striate, scarcely viscous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, fistulose, y£/2/0r;;2, smooth, viscid in wet weather at least, lemon- yellow, villous at the base, but scarcely rooting. Gills uncinate, alternate, distant, moderately broad, shining white. Pileus becoming pale. Gregarious ; smaller and less viscid than A. vul- garis. Var. Candida, sulphur-yellow when dry. In pine woods, &c. Uncommon. Oct. Persoon's plant grows on the ground. The form described by Fries in ' Icones ' is smaller and grows on wood. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. Name— citrus, lemon. Lemon-yellow. Pers. Ic. t. n./. 3. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 229. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Icon. t. 84. /. 4. B. &> Br. n. 1215. C. Hbk. n. 204. Illust. PL 248. Fl. Dan. t. 1614.7. i. Batschf. 88. 310. A. plicato-crenatus Fr.— Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, but higher, white then becoming light yellow, very thin, conical, somewhat umbonate, remarkably sulcato-plicate and crenate, with- out a separable pellicle. Stem 4 cent. (il/2 in.) long, filiform, obsoletely or scarcely fistulose from its thinness, pallid reddish, internally becoming light yellow, smooth, viscid. Gills ascend- ing, narrow and attenuated behind, adnate, with a small decur- rent tooth, distant, white. Allied to the very protean A. epipterygius , but thinner, so that the pileus is deeply plicate like that of Marasmius rotula, and the margin remarkably cre- nate. In its very thin plicato-crenate pileus it approaches A. roridus. Among heath. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name— //zV#, a fold ; crena, a notch. Plicate and crenate. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 294. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Icon. t. 84.7. 2. B. & Br. n. 1748. C. Illust. PL 248. b. 311. A. roridus Fr. Wholly shining white, but varying with the pileus becoming yellow. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, very thin, membranaceous, conico-campanulate then convex, dry, sulcate when moist, becoming even when dry. Stem 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) and more long, obsoletely fistulose on account of its LEUCOSPORI. 147 extreme thinness, capillary, covered over with thick, fluid, shining, Mycena. hyaline ^fc&K, inserted at the base (not rooted), smooth. Gills arcuate, decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter. Not allied to any ; among the smallest of Mycence, but of all of them the most extraordinary on account of the thick (i lin.) fluid and pellucid /£//)', with which the capillary stem is everywhere covered over, or in which it is as it were immersed. On dead sticks, twigs, &c. Rare. Sept. Various in colour, but generally white with a slight cinereous tinge. After abundant rain the dripping stem is very striking. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 8-n x 4 mk. K. Name — roridus, wet with dew. Dripping. Fr. Mouogr. i. p. 229. Hym, Eur. p. 150. Berk. Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. n. 205. Illust. PL 248. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 183. Quel. t. 4. f. 4. VIII. — BASIPEDES. Stem dilated at the base, &>c. 312. A. stylobates Pers. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, commonly white, membranaceous, campanulate, at length convex, obtuse, pellucid-striate, dry, commonly sprinkled with spreading hairs. Stem 2.5-5 cent- 0~2 in-) long, fistulose,y?/*/frfW, some- times almost capillary, equal, naked, dry, seated upon an orbicular, plane, striate, slightly villous base. Gills free, wholly separate behind, ventricose, broader in front, distant, alternate. Very tender, fragile ; commonly wholly white, but varying grey, becoming azure-blue. Always solitary and sporadic. In close places the stem is 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long and flexuous (Hoffm. t. 6.f. 2). On twigs, leaves, &c. Uncommon. Oct. Spores 2x3 mk. IV. G.S. Name — crrOXos, a pillar ; /3ac. 317. A. corticola Schum— Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, blackish, becoming azure-blue, fuscous, cinereous, &c., thin, hemi- spherical, obtuse, at length obsoletely umbilicate, deeply striate, smooth or flocculoso-pruinate. Stem about 12 mm. (Jjj| in.) long, scarcely I m. ()4 in.) thick, delicately fistulose, incurved from situation, smooth or slightly furftiraceous, paler than the pileus. Gills adnate, uncinate with a small decurrent tooth, broad, some- what ovate, distant, paler than the pileus. Very changeable in colour. On account of its similar habitat it is com- monly confounded with A. hi email's. Always small, soon corrugated in dry weather, becoming flaccid. Growing in troops. On living trunks, ash, oak, £c., among moss. Common. Aug.-Dec. Withering when dry, but often reviving when moistened. M.J.B. Spores subsphaeroid, 9-11 mk. K. ; 4x8 mk. W. G.S. Name — cortex, bark; colo, to inhabit. Growing on bark. Schum. Sail. n. 4689. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 232. Hym. Eur. p. 152. Icon. t. 85. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 129. C. Hbk. n. 209. Illust. PL 164. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 187. Schnizl. apud Sturm. Heft. 3. /. 2. Mich. t. 74. /. 8. B. becoming light-yellow-white. 318. A. hiemalis Osbeck.— Pileus thin, campanulate, obsoletely umbonate, striate at the margin. Stem thin, ascending, slightly downy downwards. Gills adnate and uncinate, narrow, linear, whitish. In the same habitats as A. corticola, but more scattered. It is distinguished but with difficulty from A. corticola: by the stem being longer, erect or ascending, scarcely incurved, pubescent downwards, by the campanulate pileus being obtusely umbonate, striate only at the margin, and chiefly by its narrow linear gills. The colour also is constantly paler, whitish, flesh-colour- rufescent, &c., scarcely ever azure-blue or fuscous. On trunks, oak, &c. Rare. Sept.-March. Name — hiems, winter. Occurring in winter. Osbeck in Retz. Suppl. p. 19. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 153. Monogr. \. p. 233. Icon. t. 85. f. i. B. & Br. n. 993. C. Hbk. n. 210. Illust. PL 164. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 188. Gonn. &• Rab. t. j.f. 6. A. corticalis Bull. t. 519.7. i a (white), b (flesh-colour-rufous). 319. A. setosus Sow. — Pileus becoming fuscous, hemispheri- cal, obtuse, smooth. Stem inserted, capillary, everywhere shaggy with distant spreading hairs. Gills distant, white. Pileus very small, very tender. On dead leaves (beech) in woods. Rare. 150 A.GARICUS. Mycena. Pileus not exceeding iV of an inch broad. Stem % in. long, finer than a hair. Nearly allied to A. capillaris, and very distinct from Marasmius Hud- soni. M.J.B. Name — seta, a bristle. Bristly; from the hairs on the stem. Sow. t. 302. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 153. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 64. Out. p. 130. C. Hbk. n. 211. lllust. PI. 193. 320. A. capillaris Schum. Dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry. — Pileus about 2 mm. (i lin.) high and broad, white, very tender, at first resembling a small pin's head, then campanulate and obtuse, at length umbilicate, slightly striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.), sometimes among leaves 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, inserted, capil- lary, flexuous, flaccid, smooth, more rarely girt with radiating fibrils at the base, not becoming fuscous downwards but only at the apex. Gills few, adnate, ascending, broad, distinct, all nearly entire and equal in length. Very tender, but comparatively tough, readily withering when dry. In woods, on dead leaves, chiefly beech. Frequent. Sept.- Nov. Appearing chiefly in soaking wet weather. Spores 2 mk. W.G.S. Name — capillus, a hair. From the hair-like stem. Schum. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 233. Hym. Eur. p. 153. Icon. t. 84. f. 6. Berk. Out. p. 130. C. Hbk. n. 212. lllust. PL 193. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 189. Fl. Dan. t. 2142. f. i. A. lacteus Bitll. t. 601.7 2. C. A. acicularis Hoffm. Norn. t. 5.7 2. 321. A. juncicola Fr. — Pileus 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, rufescent, convex, striate, smooth. Stem 12 mm. (Y2 in.) long, inserted, capillary, smooth, fuscous. Gills adnate, distant, white. Very small, very tender. On dead rushes in bogs. Rare. June-July. Pileus in my specimens of a deep blood-red, inclining to tawny. Gills yellowish-white. Stem brown, paler above. M.J.B. Fries notes having found it chiefly on rotten leaves of Juncus articulatus. Name — -juncus, a rush ; colo, to inhabit. Growing on rushes. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 154. Monogr. i. p. 234. Icon. t. 85.7 6. Berk. Out. p. 130. C. Hbk. n. 213. lllust. PI. 193. c. Mich. t. 80.7 9. Paul. t. 105.7 "• Bul1- *• 148.7 D- Omphaiia. Subgenus VIII. OMPHALIA (ofut>a\6s, an umbilicus). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 162. Stem cartilaginous, fistulose, but having the tube often stuffed with flocci, somewhat thickened upwards, widened out like a trumpet into the pileus. Gills truly decurrent. Pileus somewhat membranaceous. Very closely allied to the Colly- bitz and Mycence, from which this tribe is separated on account of LEUCOSPORI. IX. Agaricus (Omphatid) urn- belliferus. Natural size. its gills. Stature and history the same. Species of the same Omphalia. stature also occur among the Cantharelli and Marasmii. The pileus is most frequently indeed um- hilicato-infundibuliform, but this fea- ture is in no wise constant or essential, nor is it a mark of more importance that the gills are often branched. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 154. The species are generally well marked. They prefer a moist situation, and stand changes of temperature well. The larger ones are peculiar to moun- tainous regions. They are inodorous, and none are known to be edible. I. Collyhiarii. Pileus at the first dilated, with the margin inflexed. These are divided by their gills into three very distinct groups. * Hydrogrammi (A. hydrogrammus). Commonly comparatively large, gills nar- row, very crowded. Besides the essential mark afforded by the stem, they differ from the cyathiform Clitocybas by their gills, which are truly decurrent at the first, very crowded and arcuate. ** Pyxidati (A. pyxidatus]. Intermediate, gills slightly distant, narrow, attenuated at both ends. *** Umbelliferi (A. umbelliferus). Gills very distant, broad, commonly thick. (Xerotus turfosus is likely to be looked for here.) II. Mycenarii. Pileus at the first campanulate, margin straight, pressed to the stem. * Campanellae (A. campanella). Gills broad, perfect, unequal. ** Integrelli (A. integrellus). Gills fold-like, narrow. I. — COLLYBIARII. * Hydrogrammi. Gills narrow, 'very crowded. 322. A. hydrogramnms Fr. Of one colour, livid or whitish- livid when moist, whitish when dry. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, somewhat membranaceous, flaccid, deeply umbilicate, remarkably hygrophanous, border spreading, somewhat undulated, striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, remark- ably cartilaginous, hollow-fistulose, smooth, rooted and white- bearded at the base, sometimes shorter, round, straight, sometimes elongated, often decumbent and caespitose, commonly compressed and undulated, livid, naked at the apex. Gills deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow, arcuate, quite entire, very unequal, livid- whitish. Somewhat csespitose. When in the dry state it has been confounded by most authors with A. phyllophilus. 152 AGARICUS. Omphalia. Among dead leaves. Coed Coch, 1876, &c. Oct. Name— i!Swp, water; ypa/x/xij, a line. With watery streaks. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 179. Hym. Eur. p. 154. Icon. t. 71. B. & Br. n. 1643. Letell. Ic. t. 605. C. Illust. PI. 239. Bull. t. 674. 323. A. umbilicatus Schaeff.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, /few/when moist, the disc becoming somewhat fuscous, whitish when dry, somewhat membranaceous, at the first deeply umbili- cate, otherwise convexo-plane, even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent« (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose^ equal, here and there flexuous, twisted or incurved, somewhat rooted or cohering with villous down at the base, even, silky - striate with white fibrils at the apex. Gills at first shortly^ then deeply decurrent, crowded, thin, unequal, whitish. B. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, becoming yellow-livid, rather plane, de- pressed at the disc. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.) long, not rooted, remarkably cartilaginous. Gills shortly decurrent. The habit is different, but there are no distinguishing characters. In pine woods. Somewhat caespitose. Very hygrophanous. Pileus at length infundibuli- form. There are many similarly coloured forms of Clitoc. Orbiformes distinct in the fibrous stem, in the pileus not being at the first deeply umbilicate, and in the gills being scarcely decurrent. In woods among moss. Perth, 1876. Autumn. Name — umbilicus, navel. With a small circular depression. Schceff. t. 207. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 179. Hym. Eur. p. 155. B. & Br. n. 1644. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 190. 324. A. maurus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, fuliginous when moist, livid when dry, somewhat mem- branaceous, convex, deeply umbilicate, smooth, hygrophanous, striate when moist, even, silky shining when dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, remarkably cartilaginous, somewhat horny, rigid, fragile, at first flocculoso- stuffed, smooth, fuliginous-blackish. Gills much attenuated at both ends, very acutely and deeply dec2trrentt arcuate, very crowded, shining white. Very distinguished by its deep umbilicus, but by the broad border being everywhere regularly deflexed. In a similar habitat a younger or poorer form occurs : pileus firmer, not striate ; gills adnato-decurrent, little arcuate. A. atratus differs in the even pileus, tough stem, and scarcely crowded and not truly decurrent gills. On lawns and in moist places. Coed Coch. Fries gathered it in marshy burnt places among charcoal. Spores ellipsoid or ellipsoid-sphaeroid, even, 5-6 x 3-4 K. Name — Maurus, a Moor, swarthy. From the dusky colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 180. Hym. Eur. p. 156. Icon. t. 73. /. 2 var. B. & Br. n. 1645. C. Illust. PL 287. LEUCOSPORI. 153 325. A. offuciatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first Omphaiia. dark then ^3\z flesh- colour, becoming pale, almost whitish, when old and dry, slightly fleshy, convex then piano-depressed, even, smooth, hygrophanous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, remarkably cartilaginous, Jistulose, equal, round when young, then compressed, smooth, reddish, obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills moderately decurrent, plane, straight, crowded, narrow, of the same colour as the pileus. The pileus is not so deeply umbilicate as in the rest of this group. The gills change colour from dark to pale flesh as the pileus does. Almost the habit of A. dryophilus. There are commonly 2-3 individuals joined together in a fasciculate manner. Under beech, &c. Coed Coch, 1880. Name — offucia, a wash or paint. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 181. Hym. Eur. p. 156. Icon. t. 72.7. 3. B. & Br. n. 1852. C. Illust. PL 287. ** PYXIDATI. Gills slightly distant, narrow, &c. 326. A. chrysophyllus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more broad, very hygrophanous, yellow -fuscous when moist, tan-hoary or hoary-whitish when dry, somewhat membranaceous, flaccid, at the first deeply iimbilicate, the spreading border some- what reflexed, flocculose, somewhat squamulose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, tough, soon fistulose, equal, somewhat incurved, even, very smooth, somewhat rooted at the villous base, golden egg-yellow, colour unchangeable. Gills truly decurrent, distant, broad, distinct, persistently golden egg- yellow. Spores wholly white. Comparatively large, gregarious. The gills are broader than those of species nearest to it. On pine sawdust. Glamis, 1884. Oct. When moist the umbilicus is darker than the rest of the pileus. Name — xpucros, gold; v\\ov, a leaf. With golden gills. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 181. Hym. Eur. p. 156. Icon. t. 74. f. i. 327. A. Postii Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (*-2 inO and more broad, bright orange, membranaceous, at the first umbilicate, then depressed, even, smooth, but convex and striate towards the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, remarkably equal, tense and straight, even, smooth, becoming light yellow. Gills deeply and truly decur- rent, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, linear, arcuate, whitish. Readily distinguished from all neighbouring species by the bright orange colour of the smooth pileus. 154 AGARICUS. Omphalia. On charcoal-beds. Downton, 1874. Sept. Name — after H. von Post. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 291. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Icon. t. 74. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 194. 328. A. pyxidatus Bull.— Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, very hygrophanous, brick - rufescent or rufous- fuscous when moist, becoming pale, opaque when dry, membranaceous, pellucid, umbilicate then infundibuliform, when moist smooth, sometimes at the margin, sometimes wholly radiato-striate, when dry flocculose or slightly silky. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, al- most 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, tough, equal, round, smooth or pruinose, pallid then rufescent. Gills decur- rent, somewhat distant, distinct, narrow, but broader at the middle, flesh-colour then pale-yellowish. The entire plant is much more changeable than neighbouring species are. Among grass on lawns and in woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, irregular, 7-8x5-6 mk. K. ; 6-4x4-5 mk. B. ; 5-7 x 3-4 mk. W.P. Name— pyxis, a small box. Box-shaped. Bull. t. 568. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 182. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Berk. Out. p. 130. t. 6. / 8. C. Hbk. n. 214. Illust. PL 194. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 191. 329. A. leucophyllus Fr.— Pileus more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, infundibuli- form, becoming even, not floccose, the reflexed margin involute. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, slightly rigid, equal, even, smooth, cinereous. Gills decurrent, slightly distant, arcuate, distinct, shining white. Very distinct from all others of this group in its shining white gills. Anal- ogous with A. maurus, but clearly distinct in its stature and somewhat dis- tant gills. Among short grass. Coed Coch, 1869. Spores ellipsoid-pruniform, punctate, 10 mk. Q. Name — Aewcds, white ; v\\ov, a leaf. White-gilled. Fr. Vet. Ak. Fork. 1851. p. 45. Monogr. i. p. 183. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Icon. t. 73. / 4. B. & Br. n. 1217. C. Illust. PL 288. 330. A. striaepileus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent (i in.) or a little more broad, hygrophanous, livid-fuscous, becoming pale-white when dry, somewhat membranaceous, convex \h&\ flattened, umbilicate, never infundibuliform, the whole elegantly striate, smooth, even and not floccose when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, equal, often flexuous, slightly tough, even, smooth, becoming fuscous. Gills somewhat decur- rent, somewhat crowded, 2-3 mm. (\-\Yz lin.) broad, whitish, not becoming cinereous. LEUCOSPORI. 155 Among moss in mixed wood. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Omphalia. Easily recognised by its remarkably striate pileus. Spores ovoid-sphaeroid, verrucose echinulate, 7-8 mk. Q. Name— stria, a furrow. With striate pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 291. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Icon, t. 73. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 1646. S. My col. Scot. n. 192. C. Illust. PI. 288. 331. A. telmatiseus Berk. & Cke.— Pileus 18 mm. (% in.) broad, hygrophanous, brown then mouse-coloured, infundibuliform or deeply umbilicate, minutely virgate. Stem compressed, tomen- tose at the base. Gills distinct, distant, ending abruptly, decur- rent. On sphagnum. Aboyne, 1862, &c. Aug. Name — TeAniariouos, occurring in marshy places. B. & Br. n. 994 (A. affri- catus). C. Illust. PI. 240. 332. A. sphagnicola Berk.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (\-\Yz in.) broad, dirty pale-ochre, becoming darker in age, somewhat fleshy, infun- dibuliform, obscurely striate and minutely squamulose, moist but not viscid. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat crooked, smooth except at first when it is very minutely squamulose above. Gills decurrent, narrow, moderately distant, thick, edge flattish, dirty ochraceous. Distinguished from A. philonotis by its tough, elastic substance, &c. On Sphagnum acutifolium. Uncommon. June. Name— sphagnum; colo, to inhabit. Growing among sphagnum. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 67. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 217. Illust. PL 289. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 194. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 158. 333. A. philonotis Lasch. Cinereous-fuliginous, — Pileus 12- 18 mm. (y^-^i in.) broad, membranaceous, the whole deeply infun- dibuliform, margin erect, without striae, hygrophanous, floccose when dry. Stem 4 cent. (\l/2 in.) long, scarcely reaching 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal or attenuated upwards, smooth, floc- cose at the base. Gills deeply decurrent, extended in a straight line to the margin, somewhat distant, narrow, lanceolate. Fragile. Pyxidate. Margin of pileus not reflexed. On sphagnum. Glamis, 1874, &c. Aug. Fries notes that it is a vernal species. Name — <£iAos, loving ; von's, moisture. Moisture-loving. Lasch n. 226. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 184. Hym. Eur. p. 158. Icon. t. 76. f. i. B. &> Br. n. 1412. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 195. C. Illust. PL 289. b. 334. A. oniscus Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark cinereous becoming pale, grey-hoary when dry, somewhat 156 AGARICUS. Omphaiia. membranaceous, or slightly fleshy, flaccid, fragile when old, con- vexo-umbilicate or infundibuliform, often irregular, undulato-flex- uous, even-lobed, smooth, even, margin striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, stuffed then fistulose, slightly firm, moderately tough, sometimes round, curved, some- times unequal, compressed, ascending, undulated, grey. Gills shortly decurrent, somewhat distant, quaternate, cinereous. The gills are almost darker when dried. Not caespitose. • Very distinct from A. philonotis, &c., but allied to A. pyxidatus, though the colour is very different. In colour and irregular pileus it approaches very near to A. (Pleur.} tremulus. On swampy ground in woods. Rare. Dec. Spores 12x7-8 mk. B. Name — JJ/UTKOS, the wood-louse. From the cine- reous colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 185. Hym. Eur. p. 158. Icon. t. 76. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 218. Illust. PL 209. S. MycoL Scot. n. 196. 335. A. caespitosus Bolt.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) broad, hygrophanous, yellowish-white when moist, becoming opaque- white when dry, somewhat membranaceous, convex, somewhat hemispherical, umbilicate, margin crenate, sulcate nearly to the centre, otherwise smooth. Stem usually curved, fistulose, some- what bulbous at the base. Gills very distant and very broad (triangular), shortly decurrent, whitish. On peat and sandy heaths. King's Lynn, 1882. Formerly confounded with A. oniscus. Spores 5X 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — ccespes, a clump. Caespitose ; from its habit of growth. Bolt. t. 41. c. C. Illust. PL 209. b. 336. A. glaucophyllus Lasch.— Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (% in.) broad, mouse-colour, hygrophanous, becoming pale when dry, membranaceous, infundibuliform, plicato-striate, slightly smooth, become even when dry. Stem stuffed, firm. Gills decurrent, somewhat distant, lanceolate, olivaceous. On the ground in woods. King's Lynn. Name — yAav/cos, a bluish grey, of the olive ; <£>vAAo«/, a leaf. With olive-grey gills. Lasch n. 217. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 159. 337. A. rusticus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (yz in.) and less broad, fuscous then grey when moist, when dry smooth and becoming fuscous in one form, somewhat silky and hoary in another, mem- branaceous, always truly and broadly umbilicate at the disc, other- wise convex, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 12 mm. (Yz in.) rarely more long, i m. ()4 lin.) thick, stuffed, curt, equal or thickened upwards and only where so thickened at length hoi- LEUCOSPORI. 157 low, polished, smooth, fuscous then grey, slightly villous at the base. Omphalia. Gills decurrent, thick, somewhat distant, equally attenuated at both ends, grey, edge arcuate. In the one form (becoming fuscous) which seems the younger, the adnate gills are slightly, but in the other deeply, decurrent. On grass avenue in wood. Coed Coch, 1866, &c. Aug.-Sept. Name— rus, the country. Rustic; occurring in wild, grassy, &c., places. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 185. Hym. Eur. p. 159. B. & Br. n. 1217 bis. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 197. A. ericetorum Pers. Obs. Myc. i. t. 4. f. 12, var. y. *** Umbelliferi. Gills 'very distant, broad, Q^c. 338. A. demissus Fr.— Pileus 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, fus- cous-rufe scent, somewhat membrajiaceous, convex then expanded, obtuse, at length umbilicate, striate when moist, even and smooth when dry. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, somewhat carti- laginous, but stuffed, equal, even, smooth, shining, liver-rufescent. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, very broad behind, somewhat triangular, distant, distinct, becoming purple. Pileus obsoletely pruinose when dry. It has the habit and many of the characters of A. laccatus. In waste places. Rare. Oct. A. rufulus B. & Br. Margin of pileus crenulate. Stem flexuous. Gills rather thick, forked, interstices veiny. Spores oblong, oblique. B. 6^ Br. Name — demissus, drooping. Bent to one side. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 143. Hym. Eur. p. 1 60. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 198. C. Illust. PI. 250. A. rufulus B. & Br. n. 325. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 221. 339. A. hepaticus Batsch. — Pileus 1-4 cent. (lA~il/2 in.) broad, rufous flesh-colour when moist, when dry slightly tawny and tan, coriaceo-membranaceous, umbilicato-convex then infundi- buliform, sometimes undulato-lobed, even, smooth, somewhat shining when dry ; flesh fibrous. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, Jistulose, very tough, equal, but in becoming compressed it is broader and dilated at the apex, fuscous-flesh- colour, commonly naked, rarely white-pruinate. Gills deeply de- current, distant, remarkably connected by veins, narrow, linear, whitish, becoming pale (not flesh-colour), sometimes crisped. Very tough, pliant. Often in company with A. pyxidatus, to which it is very similar, but distinct in its somewhat coriaceous nature. On lawns, &c. Rare. Approaching A. umbelliferus. M.J.B. Spores 5-8 x 2-4 mk. B. Name — ^Trap, liver. From its liver colour. Batsch f. 211. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 182. Hym. Eur. p. 160. Berk. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 215. Illust. PI. 250. 158 AGARICUS. Omphalia. 340. A. muralis Sow. — Pileus rufous-brown, somewhat mem- branaceous, tough, convex, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, radiato-striate, smooth, margin crenulate. Stem stuffed, curt, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills decurrent, distant, pallid. Intermediate between A. hepaticus and A, umbelliferus. The figure of Sowerby differs from Fries in the pileus being even (with dryness?), in the stem being thicker, and in the gills becoming dingy yellow. On turf walls, &c. Frequent. Feb.-Sept. Pileus 8 mm. -2.5 cent. (Ji-i in.) broad. Stem 6-12 mm. (%-% in.) long. '.. E^ Name — murus, a wall. From its habitat. Sow. t. 322. Fr. Hym. Eur. p 160. Monogr. i. p. 186. Be. 250. S. My co I. Scot. n. 199. 160. Monogr. i. p. 186. Berk. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 219. Illust. PL I. Scot. n. 341. A. umbelliferus Linn.— Pileus about 12 mm. ()4 in.) broad, commonly whitish, slightly fleshy-membranaceous, convex then plane, broadly obconic with the decurrent gills, not at all or only slightly umbilicate, hygrophanous, when moist watery, rayed with darker stritz, when dry even, changeable in appearance, silky, flocculose, rarely squamulose, the margin, which is at Jirst inflexed, crenate. Stem short, not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then soon fistulose, slightly firm, equal or dilated towards the apex into the pileus, of the same colour as the pileus, commonly smooth, but varying pubescent, white villous at the base. Gills very broad behind, triangular, decurrent, "very distant, edge of the gills straight. The rloccose texture of the pileus is thicker at the disc than in the rest of the species of this section, hence the pileus is less membranaceous, and the um- bilicus more obsolete. The gills vary dichotomous, &c. The colour is very changeable, commonly whitish, shining whitish when dry; in Alpine regions and on fir trunks bright light-yellow, the pileus when dry commonly whitish (A. chrysoleucus Pers. ) ; about shady hedges and burnt places grey, with the stem often velvety ; on rotten trunks of beech, and in some shady places dark umber. There is a green variety. FL Dan. t. 1672. /. i. Boggy ground, rotten wood, &c. Common. April-Dec. Cosmopolitan. The common form is to be found everywhere from the sea- level to 4000 feet. The green form, agreeing exactly with the ' Flora Danica' figure (t. 1672. /. i.), has been gathered in England (B. 6* Br. n. 1749). I have gathered the form which corresponds exactly with A. chrysoleucus Pers. in lower grounds, and the golden-yellow variety only at the higher altitudes, up to 3500 feet. Var. abiegnus (B. fir" Br. n. 1413) pale yellow ; on very decayed fir-stump. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 10x4 mk. IV. P. ; green var. 10x6 mk. W.P. Name — umbella; fero, to bear; umbel-bearing. With umbel- shaped pileus. Linn. Suec. n. 1192. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 187. Hym. Eur. p. 161. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 220. Illust. PL 271. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 200. A. niveus Fl. Dan. t. 1015. A. Hedw.fil. Obs. i. t. %./. A. A. valgus Holmsk. Ot. ii. /. 34. LEUCOSPORI. 159 342. A. infumatus B. & Br. — Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, green then of a smoked colour, obtuse, not membranaceous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, thin, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, yellow, dilated at the base, tomentose, especially below. Gills decurrent, few (about 12), with smaller intermediate, broad, distant, yellow. Allied to A. umbelliferus, but quite distinct from all its varieties. On bark among moss. Garthewin. Name — infumo, to smoke. From its smoked colour. B. & Br. n. 1851. 343. A. retostus Fr. Wholly um&er.—'PileMS 12 mm. (X in.) and more broad, slightly fleshy^ piano-depressed, when moist even and when dry polished and smooth, margin convex, involute, entire; flesh of the same colour. Stem curt, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, tough, equal, smooth, paler than the pileus. Gills slightly decurrent, equally attenuated at both ends, broader in the middle, hence resembling a segment of a circle, distant, distinct, pallid umber. In colour it approaches A. oniscus, but in the very distant gills it is more allied to A. umbelliferus, from which it is easily distinguished by the gills being in the form of a segment. Moreover, it clearly differs from the umber form of that species in being even when moist and polished and smooth when dry. It is also firmer. On lawn. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name — retostus, roasted. From its scorched appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 187. Hym. Eur. p. 161. Icon. t. 76. /. 2. the two lower fig. B. & Br. n. 1750. C. Illust. PL 272. b. 344. A. abhorrens B. &. Br. — Pileus fuscous, umbilicate, even. Stem slender, of the same colour as the pileus, white-tomentose at the base. Gills decurrent, distant, thick, interstices even. Odour very foetid, stercoraceous. Caespitose. Allied closely to A. retostus, but clearly distinct, apart from its disgusting smell. Stem sometimes pruinose when young. On lawn. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Name—atkorreo, to abhor. Of its disgusting smell. B. &> Br. n. 1751, 1853. C. Illust. PL 272. c. 345. A. pseudo-androsaceus Bull. Whitish or grey.— Pileus fleshy-membranaceous, convex, deeply umbilicate, at length in- fundibuliform, smooth, striato-plicate, margin crenulate. Stem stuffed, slender. Gills deeply decurrent, in the form of a segment, distant, distinct. Distinguished from A. griseo-pallidus by its slender stature. l6o AGARICUS. Omphalia. Among moss on lawn. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct-Nov. Pileus 8-15 mm. broad. Stem 2-3 cent. long. Spores 6-7 x 3-4 mk. B. Name — ^evSos, false. Like spurious Marasmius androsaceus. Bull. t. 276. Hym. Eur. p. 161. B. & Br. n. 1752. C. Illust. PL 241. 346. A. griseo-pallidus Desm.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) rarely more broad, fuscous-grey then becoming hoary, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, umbilicate, even, smooth, slightly shining, but hygrophanous, here and there unequal and excentric; margin deflexed, but scarcely inflexed. Stem curt, about 8 mm. (4 lin.) long, stuffed, fistulose only when old, slightly firm, equal or thickened upwards, smooth, fuscous. Gills decurrent, broader behind, distant, rather thick, of the same colour as the pileus when moist, darker when dry inasmuch as they do not become pale. Readily recognised by its minuteness. It is like a diminutive state of A. iimbelliferus , and is analogous with A. rusticus. As regards the gills it is intermediate between A. retostus and A. umbelliferus. On the ground. King's Lynn. Name— griseus, grey ; pallidus, pallid. Desmaz. Exs. n. 120. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 161. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 28. /. 3. C. Illust. PL 241. 347. A. stellatus Fr. Wholly 'white.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, truly membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, diaphanous- striate, smooth. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, stuffed, at length fistulose, fragile, filiform, equal, the dilated base strigoso- radiate. Gills decurrent, very distant, distinct, thin, broad, not triangular. From situation the stem is often incurved. It is dilated at the base as in Mycence Basipedes. Thinner than A. griseo-pallidus, &c. Nearest to A. . integrellus, but distinct in its broader gills, &c. On sticks, stems of herbaceous plants, &c. Uncommon. Feb.- Nov. Distinguished by its thin gills from every state of A. umbelliferus. M.J.B. Spores subsphseroid. irregular, 6-7x5 mk. K. ; 7-8 x 2 mk. B. Name — stella, a star. From the star-like or radiate base. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 162. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 222. Illust. PL 241. S. My col. Scot. n. 201. II. — MYCENARII. * Campanellae. Gills broad, perfect, unequal. 348. A. campanella Batsch.— Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.) broad, yellow-ferruginous, hygrophanous, membranaceous, tough, campanulate then soon convex, umbilicate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 LEUCOSPORI. l6l in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, horny, rigid, fistulose, smooth, date-brown, attenuated and rooted, tawny-strigose at the base, paler at the apex. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, some- what crowded, remarkably connected by veins, yellow, not pruinose, varying veined. Growing in a dense band, commonly caespitose, and gladdening the recesses of the woods with its shining colours. There are two remarkable varieties, gregarious on the ground : B. badipus, the longer stem stuffed, somewhat ribrillose, with a small villous-strigose tawny bulb at the base ; C. papillata, pileus acutely conical, papillate, at length depressed round the papilla. A more remarkable variety is myriadea Kalchbr. in litt., half the size of the common form, very densely csespitose, covering over the trunks of pine like a dense fleece, pale tawny, with pallid brick-flesh-coloured gills. In fir woods, on trunks, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Sept. The dark stem and tawny pubescence at the base readily distinguish the species. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8x3-4 mk. C.B.P. ; 7x3 mk. W.P. ; 6-9 x 3-4 mk. B. Nzmz—campana, a bell. Diminutive. Shaped like a little bell. Batsch, — Fr. Monogr. \. p. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 162. Berk. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 223. Illust. PL 273. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 202. Sow. t. 163. Schceff. t. 230. Var. badipus C. Illust. PL 273. 349. A. pictus Fr.— Pileus about 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.), but higher than broad, fuscous, the umbilicate disc commonly light yellow, the perpendicular sides darkly striate, the margin, which is entire, paler, membranaceous, campanulato- hood- shaped, almost oval. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost filiform, horny, rigid, stuffed, tense and straight, smooth, date-brown, inserted at the base, which is in the form of a little fuscous-tawny, radiating membrane^ slightly thickened and paler at the apex. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, very broad on account of the singular form of the pileus, higher than broad, distinct, distant, somewhat convex, whitish, turning light yellow. Among the most distinct species. The gills are much broader than long. Varying like A. campanella : B. smaller, the obsolete umbilicus of the same colour, stem thinner and without the radical membrane. Batsch f. 86. C. pileus conical, papillate. Compare A. phiala Fl. Dan. t. 1730. In mixed wood. Killin, 1876, &c. Sept. Name— pingo, to paint, adorn. From the various colours. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 163. Icon. t. 77. /. 4. B. &= Br. n. 1647. -S. Mycol. Scot. n. 203. C. Illust. PL 273. 350. A. camptophyllus Berk.— Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, brown with a grey margin, convexo-plane, deeply striate, smooth, dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or more long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, minutely fistulose, somewhat flexuous, somewhat rigid, minutely pubescent, radiato-strigcse at the base, at first yellow, when full L 1 62 AGARICUS. Omphalia. grown pale above, pale rufescent below. Gills at first adnate, nearly plane, then ascending and suddenly decurrent, rather distant, white. Solitary or only subgregarious. There is no absolute depression, but only a flattening of the centre of the pileus. On sticks, &c. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Name — Kafiirrv, to bend or curve ; v\\ov, a leaf. With bent gills ; elbow- gilled. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 62. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 224. Illust. PL 210. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 163. 351. A. umbratilis Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, shining black-fuscous, hoary when dry, somewhat membranaceous, obtusely campanulate, then convex and umbilicate, smooth, margin some- what striate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, tough, tubular but flocculoso-stuffed internally, equal, even, smooth, fuscous - dead black. Gills adnato-decurrent, arcuate, crowded, broad, acute at both ends, becoming fuscous-white. Gregarious, tough, hygrophanous. In colours and external appearance it approaches A. retostus, but is easily distinguished by the crowded gills and other marks. It may rather be confounded with A. ambustus and A. atratus, which however are removed from it by the characters of Collybia. It is larger than those nearest to it and remarkably distinct. On the ground among grass. Coed Coch. Autumn. Spores 6-7 x 4-5 mk. B. Name — umbratilis, remaining in shade. Perhaps in reference to colour, as Fries compares it with A. ambustus, A. atratus, and A. retostus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 190. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Icon. t. 77. /". 3. C. Illust. PL 274. 352. A. griseus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (Y2 in.) broad, livid-grey then hoary, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, campanu- late then convex, somewhat papillate and at length slightly um- bilicate, not however expanded, smooth, striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slightly firm, cartilaginous, soon fistulose, slightly thickened at the apex, round, tense and straight, even, smooth, whitish- cinereous, longitudinally brittle, not rooting. Gills shortly decurrent, distant, broad, rather thick, whitish-grey. Between Mycena and Omphalia. It has an analogy as regards stature with A. campanella, and in both the pileus varies umbilicate or papillate. On account of the gills, however, which are truly though slightly decurrent, it must be referred to Omphalia. It is allied to Cantharcllus replexus. In pine wood. Rare. Sept. Name — griseus, grey. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Icon. t. 78./. i. Berk. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 225. Illust. PL 210. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 204. LEUCOSPORI. 163 353. A. fibula Bull.— Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, normally Omphaii orange-yellow, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, mem- branaceous, hood-shaped then expanded, commonly umbilicate and at length wholly infundibuliform, smooth, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, stuffed when young, then fistulose, bristle-like, weak, smooth, but often pubescent under a lens, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, whitish. Very delicate but tough. The stem is sometimes firmer, tense and straight. The pileus is sometimes conical and papillate. The colour varies, becoming fuscous and wholly white. Mich. Gen. t. 73. f. 6. In alpine regions it is sometimes firmer (Fl. Dan. t. 1071. f. 2). In mossy ground. Common. Aug.-May. Fries notes that it is found plentifully in burnt places. Spores 3x2 mk. W.G.S.; 4-5x2 mk. B. Name— -fibula, a pin. From its shape. Bull. t. 186, 550. /. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 192. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Berk. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 227. Illust. PI. 274. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 205. Sow. t. 45. Quel. ;. 4.7.5. * A. Swartzii Fr. is a singular variation of A. fibula. Firmer; pileus at length rather plane, whitish, disc fuscous ; stem whitish, somewhat violaceous at the apex. It is remarkable, and in its own localities (groves abounding in springs) a constant form. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 164. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 205. C. Illust. PL 274. c. 354. A. directus B. & Br. White; very slender.— Pileus nail- shaped, plane at the apex. Stem not 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, thread- like, slightly rufous, ascending, clothed with long hairs towards the base. Gills deeply decurrent. On dead leaves. Chiselhurst, 1865, &c. May-Nov. Name — directus, straight. Straight -stemmed. B. & Br. n. 1031. C. Illust. PI. 251. a. 355. A. Bellise Johnst.— Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, of a pale wood-brown hue, membranaceous, inverted, deeply cyathiform, smooth, waved and furrowed at the edge. Stem 4 cent. (i)4 in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, erect, stiff and elastic, smooth, pale above, brownish below. Gills decurrent, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, rather distant, thick, more or less undulated, wrinkled on the sides and in the interstices with flexuous veins, once or twice divided near the edge, of a dull chalky white. Pileus becoming paler when dry. Stem white or very pale wood-brown above, towards the base of a dirty dark brown, becoming paler when dry, then apparently mealy ; root slightly incrassated, bent, fixed by a dense cottony web. Spores oblong, colourless, pellucid. 164 AGARICUS. Omphalia. On dead stems of reed. Berwickshire. Oct. Name— after Miss Bell. Johnst.—Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. i. Vol. vi. /. 10. /. i. Out. p. 134. C. Hbk. n. 229. Illust. PL 251. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 165. 356. A. gracillimus Weinm. Snow-white.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, membranaceous, hemispherical, sometimes papil- late, sometimes umbilicate, but never inverted, flocculoss then becoming smooth, sulcate at the sides. Stem 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) long, delicately fistulose, bristle-like, soft, inserted by a floccose base. Gills decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, the alternate ones dimidiate. It resembles smaller forms of A. fibula, but is always thinner, less tough, withering, wholly shining white, and somewhat flocculose when, young. In many particulars it agrees with A. stellatus, but is thinner, and is certainly distinct in the form of the pileus, which is at first floccose, and in the thin gills. In marshy ground on decaying stems. Rare. Aug. Spores 6-7 x 3 mk. B. Name—gracJlis, slender. Very slender. Weinm. Ross. p. 121. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 165. Icon. t. 75. f. q. B. & Br. n. 1112. C. Hbk. n. 228. Illust. PL 252. S. MycoL Scot. n. 207. 357. A. bullula Brig. Wholly shining white.— Pileus mem- branaceous, hemispherical, diaphanous. Stem very thin, filiform. Gills far apart, arcuato-decurrent. Very small. Scattered. On dead sticks. Coed Coch. Name — bullula, a watery vesicle. From its diaphanous appearance. Brig. t. xvi./. i. B. & Br. n. 1753. C. Illust. PL 252. b. ** INTEGRELLI. Gills fold-like, narrow. 358. A. integrellus Pers. Wholly white.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, membranaceous, conical when young, soon hemispherical, most frequently irregularly shaped, when flattened 12 mm. (Yz in.) broad and depressed at the disc, striate at the margin. Stem as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, delicately fistu- lose, thin but slightly firm, pilose downwards and adnate often with a small villous bulb at the base. Gills decurrent, narrow, in the form of folds, distant, commonly disappearing short of the margin of the pileus, equal or branched, acute at the edge. The stem is incurved when growing on wood. The gills are equal or branched as in Cantharelli, but with an acute edge. Small, commonly fas- ciculate (especially on wood), fragile, changeable in form. In shady places, on decayed sticks, &c. Uncommon. Oct- Nov. LEUCOSPORI. 165 °pores 6-7 x 4 mk. B. Name— integer, whole. Minute but perfect. Pers. Omphalia. Ic. &" descr. t. 13. f. 5. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 165. Icon. t. 75. f. 6. Berk. Out. A 134. C. Hbk. n. 230. Illust. PL 252. S. My col. Scot. n. 208. A. buccinalis Sow. t. 107. An uncertain species. Fries {Hym. Eur. p. 162) says it approaches A. stellatus chiefly in the stellate base, but from the slightly fleshy pileus it is perhaps a young form of A. umbelliferus. Berkeley (B. &> Br. n. 1930*) says, " This is certainly no form of A. umbelliferus ; and it is too fleshy to be the same as A. stellatus. It is, as Sowerby says, not uncommon. It has the habit of A. ptychophylhis Cd., a species not noticed by Fries ; but the gills are not plicate." C. Illust. PL 272. a. Subgenus IX. PLEUROTUS (ir\€vp6v, a side ; ofo, an ear). Fr. pieurotus. Syst. Myc. i. p. 178. Stem excentric, lateral, or none. Epiphytal {very rarely growing on the ground}, irregular, fleshy or membranaccous. The Pleuroti are very easily dis- tinguished from the subgenera with cartilaginous stems (VI.-VIIL); but from the other subgenera, which have the hymenophore continuous with the stem (III.-V.), they are only distinguished by their place of growth being on wood. For many Pleuroti of the first section when growing ver- tically— e.g., A. corticatus, ulmarius, spodoleucus — have the stem central and the pileus regular and horizon- tal. On the contrary, various species of Clitocybas and Omphaliae in a slanting situation, especially on the sides of roads, vary in form and become excentric and oblique. Among the Lactarii, Cantharelli, Marasmii, and all the last gen- era of the Agaricini, there are also forms analogous to the Pleuroti. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 166. The species are very polymorphous. Usually late in the year (but A. ostreatits also occurs in spring). Most are mild, and some — e.g., A. ulmarius^ tessulatus, ostreatus — are edible. I. Excentrici. Pileus entire, laterally extended, excentric, so that here and there it appears lateral ; but more attentively observed there is noticed even X. Agaricus (Pleurotris) corticatus. One-sixth natural size. 1 66 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. on the mutilated side a thin margin whereby forms of this sort differ from truly dimidiate species. * Veil forming a ring. Lepiotarii. * Veil none, gills sinuate or obtusely adnate. '* Veil none ; gills deeply decurrent ; stem distinct, somewhat vertical. **** Veil none ; gills deeply decurrent ; pileus (seemingly) lateral, sessile or extended behind into a short, oblique, stem-like base. II. Dimidiatae. Pileus definitely lateral, immarginate behind, not at the first resupinate. III. Resupinati. Pileus at the first resupinate, with the gills meeting in an excentric point, then reflexed, sessile. * Pileus Jleshy , uniform. ** Pileus Jleshy, striate, with an tipper gelatinous stratum or "viscous pellicle. *** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid. I. — EXCENTRICI. * Veil forming a ring. 359. A. corticatus Fr.— Pileus 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad, grey then whitish, very compact, convex then flattened, somewhat disc- shaped, horizontal, always entire, although excentric, when young everywhere covered with dense grey down, which separates into floccose scales on the whitish pileus when it is more flattened, margin when young closely involute; flesh hard, shining white. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, solid, hard, rooted, more or less excentric, curved-ascending, some- what equal, squamuloso-fibrillose, white. Ring silky-floccose, moderately thick, white, ruptured in a torn manner, adhering alike to the stem and the margin of the pileus, at length vanish- ing. Gills deeply decurrent, anastomosing behind, also dichoto- mously branched, somewhat distant, distinct, white, or becoming yellow when old. Very compact and hard. Commonly solitary, sometimes caespitose. The down with which the pileus is covered corresponds with the universal veil of the Lepiottz. The flesh is not so thick as that of A. dryinus. The gills anas- tomose behind like those of A. ostreatus, and vary in breadth according to stature. On decayed ash, elm, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Smell rather strong. Perhaps too closely allied to A. dryinus. B. & Br. Spores 14 x 6 mk. W.G.S.; 12-14x4 mk. B. Name — cortex, bark. From its thick covering. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 236. Hym. Eur. p. 166. B. & Br. n. 995 (not Saund. & Sm.) C. Hbk. n. 109. Illust. PL 290. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 209. 360. A. dryinus Pers.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, whitish, variegated with spot-like scales which become fuscous, lateral, ob- LEUCOSPORI. 167 lique, rather plane ; flesh thick. Stem very curt and obese, com- Pleurotus. monly 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, somewhat lateral, somewhat woody, squamulose, white, with a short, blunt root. Veil scarcely conspicuous on the stem, but appendiculate round the margin of the pileus when young. Gills not very decurrent, somewat simple, not anastomosing behind, narrow, white, becoming yellow when old. The veil is almost that of A. corticatus. The flesh is the same but thicker, and not so much thinned out towards the margin. The gills are narrower and less distant, but both agree in the gills becoming yellow when old. In reality it is allied to A, corticatus, but the stem is definitely lateral ; other- wise smaller, harder and more brawny. On trunks, oak, ash, willow, £c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Pileus 18 mm. -7. 5 cent. (K~3 in-) broad, margin involute. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high (in my specimens elongated from growing in a hollow ash), atten- uated downwards. The plant assumes partially a yellowish tint when dry or cut. M.J.B. I have seen the plant growing in a hollow ash with the features exactly as described by Berkeley. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — Spvs, oak. From its most frequent habitat. Pers. Syn. p. 478. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 237. Hym. Eur. p. 167. Berk. Eng. FL v. /. 70. Out. p. 134. C. Hbk. n. no. Illust. PL 226. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 210. Hussey\\. t. 29,33. Vent, t. 44. f. i, 2. A. dimidiatus Schceff. t. 233. 361. A. spongiosus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, tomentose with persistent cinereous down, fleshy, excentric, some- what lateral, pulvinate ; flesh laxly floccose, white. Stem very short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, or sometimes almost none, incurved, not rooted, very excentric, white, tomentose. Ring white, soon torn, appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, at length quite vanishing. Gills sinuato-adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, simple, separate, but crowded, quite entire, white. The flesh is soon pierced by insects like that of A. ostreatus. The gills vary in breadth with the age of the plant. It seems to be widely removed from A. dryinus, &c., in the substance being fleshy-spongy like that of A. ostre- atus, but still softer, as well as in the gills being sinuato-adnexed, but the veil is quite the same. A very remarkable species. On rotten beech and mossy stumps. Rare. Oct-Nov. The gills become beautifully yellow when old and dried. At a little distance it has exactly the appearance of Polyporus betulinus. Fries notes that it grows among mossj on living beech trunks. Spores 11x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — spongia, a sponge. From its texture. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 237. Hym. Eur. p. 167. B. & Br. n. 1218. C. Hbk. n. in. Illust. PI. 253. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885. p. 21. ** Veil none, gills sinuate or obtusely adnate. 362. A. ulmarius Bull.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) and more broad, becoming pale-livid, often marbled with round spots, fleshy, 1 68 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. compact, horizontal, moderately regular although more or less excentric, convex then plane, disc-shaped, even, smooth ; flesh white, tough. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, elastic, somewhat excentric, curved-ascending, thickened and tomentose at the base, not rarely villous throughout, white. Gills horizontal, emarginate or rounded behind, slightly adnexed, broad (broader in the middle), somewhat crowded, whitish. The pileus is sometimes cracked in a tesselated manner. Among the larger and more robust species, with a slightly acid odour which is not unpleasant. Commonly solitary. Pileus ochrey white, Price f. 83. B. Vertical, with a central stem. On trunks, especially elm. Uncommon. Sept.-Dec. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Edible, but so uncommon as to be of little value. Name — ulmus, elm. Bull. t. 510. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 239. Hym. Eur. p. 167. Berk. Out. p. 134. B. & Br. n. 1853*. C. Hbk. n. 112. I Must. PI. 227. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 211. Sow. t. 67. Vittad. Mang. t. 23. Fr. dtl. Svamp. t. 37. 363. A. tessulatus Bull. — Pileus becoming pale-tawny, horizon- tal, compactly fleshy, convex then plane, and in a form which is somewhat lateral depressed behind, irregular, even, smooth, varie- gated with round and hexagonal paler spots; flesh thick, white. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, solid, compact, equal or attenuated at the base, very excentric, curved-ascending, even, smooth, white. Gills sinuate behind, uncinato-adnate, thin, crowded, white or becoming yellow. Solitary; according to some csespitose. The pileus is not cracked in a tesselated manner, as one might easily imagine from the name, but variegated with spots. Smaller than A. ulmarius (to which it is too closely allied), but almost more compact, with a smell of new meal. On trunks. Coed Coch, &c. Name — tessela, a small cube for pavement. From the tesselated markings on the pileus. Bull. t. 513. /. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 239. Hym. Eur. p. 168. B. & Br. n. 1853*. C. Illust. PI. 254. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. n. 65. /. 23. /. 4. 364. A. subpalmatus Fr. Wholly more or less mfescent.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fleshy, but in no wise compact, convex then flattened, obtuse, imbricated and glued together, horizontal, more or less excentric, smooth, but clothed with a thick, gelatinous-tough, closely adnate pellicle, which distils limpid rufescent drops with an astringent 'taste ; towards the margin, which is at first involute, the pellicle is reticulate-corrugated. Stems 2.5-5 cent- C1"2 in.) long* I2 mm- (% in.) thick, numerous, solid, but Jibrous-soft, and at length also hollow, equal, curved- LEUCOSPORI. 169 ascending, smooth, but " fibrilloso-striate," variegated with white Pleurotus. and flesh-colour. Gills rounded behind, joined in a collar, not adnate to the stem itself, broad, crowded, rufescent, paler than the pileus. Caespitose. A very remarkable species, with the flesh variegated like that of Fistulina. On squared timber, trunks, &c. Rare. Oct.-Nov. Pileus of a beautiful pale orange-buff or nankeen colour, pruinose ; margin beautifully reticulated like the hymenium of a Merulius. M.J.B. Spores 4x6 mk.W.G.S.; spherical, finely granular, 7 mk. Q. Name — sub, and palma, palm. Somewhat palmate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 240. Hym. Eur. p. 168. Berk, Out. p. 135. C. Hbk. n. 113. lllust. PI. 255. A. palmatus Sow. t. 62, not Bull. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 73. 365. A. craspedius Fr.— Pileus as much as 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, brick-colour, more or less excentric, sometimes some- what lateral, but marginate behind, fleshy, thin and at length almost membranaceous towards the margin, flaccid, plane, de- pressed behind when very excentric, even, smooth, somewhat moist, but without a separable pellicle / margin at first involute, then evolute, elegantly crenato-lobed and fimbriate ; flesh thin, watery, white when dry. Stem in some 2.5 cent, (i in.), in others as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long and then twisted or compressed, 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-i in.) thick, solid, firm, elastic, internally spongy, very unequal, sometimes thickened at the base, sometimes equal, pallid, commonly smooth or slightly villous at the base. Gills 'wholly adnate, not sinuate, obtuse behind, very thin, crowded and narrow, at length lacerated, shining white. With autumn rain the pileus becomes pale-tan, sometimes cinereous. Caespitose. It connects in a remarkable manner species which are otherwise very different, on the one hand A. ulmarius and A. palmatus, and on the other A.fimbriatus and A. lignatilis; it has the robust stem and habit of the former, but the thin pileus and very narrow very crowded gills of the latter. On trunks and rotten wood. Ratton, Eastbourne, 1852. Sept. Var. Pileus pale fawn-colour, regularly and broadly furrowed, concave when full grown, the centre covered with radiating adpressed tomentum ; stem pale buff, very stout, thick, solid and excentric, curving upwards and covered with velvet-like pubescence ; gills pale pinkish-white or cream-coloured ; flesh white. Much eaten by slugs. W.G.S. Name — crassus, thick; pes, a foot. Thick-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 241. Hym. Eur. p. 169. Icon. t. 86. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1219. C. Hbk. n. 114. lllust. PL 256. Var. Saund 6s Sm. t. 7. 366. A. fimbriatus Bolt.— Pileus hyaline, whitish, hygrophan- ous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane when young, at length infundi- buliform, more or less excentric, occasionally lateral, margin very sinuato-lobed and incised, the surface when full grown even and 1 70 AGARICUS. Pieurotus. smooth ; flesh thin, tough, watery-pallid. Stem very short, about 12 mm. (% in.) long, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) thick, stuffed then hol- low, somewhat equal, round or compressed, tough, even, pubes- cent at the base. Gills wholly adnate, horizontal, at length ascending and divergent in the lobes of the reflexed pileus, very narrow, very thin, very crowded, white. Very polymorphous, gregarious, somewhat caespitose. A remarkable species ; from its most manifest affinity with A. lignatilis, it may readily be believed that the pileus is at first pruinose. Odour of new meal, obsolete. On dead trunks. Rare. Aug.-Jan. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. In the figure of Bolton the pileus is more crisped-fimbriate than in the specimens of Fries. Esculent, but so rare that it is valueless. NamQ—fimbrice, fringe. With fringed margin. Bolt. t. 61. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 242. Hym. Eur. p. 169. Berk. Out. p. 135. B. 6s Br. n. 672*. C. Hbk. n. 115. Illust. PL 178. Sterb. t. 15. B. 367. A. Ruthae B. & Br.— Pileus 4 cent. (\y2 in.) broad, whit- ish, fan-shaped, slightly hispid above the gelatinous stratum, the very thin margin striate. Stem short, lateral, hispid. Gills white, rather broad, acute behind, anastomosing, with a reddish tinge like that of the stem, interstices veined. The pileus is of a dirty white, with a hyaline aspect. Mycelium fibrous. On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name— after Miss Ruth Berkeley. B. & Br. n. 1754. C. Illust. PL 178. 2. 368. A. lignatilis Fr. Dingy whitish.— Pileus 2.5 to 7.5- 10 cent, (i to 3-4 in.) broad, rarely central, commonly more or less excentric, occasionally wholly lateral, often reniform, fleshy, thin, but compact and tough, fissile, convex then plane, obtuse and often um\i\\\ca.te,flocculoso-prumate, at length denud- ed with rain, repand, margin at first involute then expanded, un- dulato-lobed when luxuriant. Stem sometimes 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) sometimes 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) long (even obliterated), stuffed then hollow, always thin, unequal, curved or flexuous, tough and flexile, whitish, everywhere pruinato-villous, rooting and some- what tomentose at the base. Gills adnate, very crowded and narrow, unequal, divergent in the lobes, shining white. Exceedingly variable, wholly inconstant in form ; substance thin and pliant ; commonly densely csespitose, but also single. Odour strong of new meal. Of its many forms one is conspicuous : var. tephrocephalus, pileus more compact, disc black, then cinereous, margin white. On wood, beech, &c. Burnham Beeches, 1863, &c. Parasitic on a rotten plant of Polyporus annosus on elm. W.G.S. Spores subsphseroid, 4-5 mk. K. ; 3 x 4 mk. W.G.S. Name — lignum, wood. Grow- LEUCOSPORI. 171 ing on wood. Fr. Monogr, i. /. 243. Hym. Eur. p. 169. B. & Br. n. 996. Pleurotus. C. Hbk. n, 116. Illust. PL 257. a. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 22. Saund. & Sm. t. 6.f. 2. Fl. Dan. t. 1797. Ag. Marklini Trait. Austr. t. 28. 369. A. circinatus Fr. Wholly white, not hygrophanous. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, orbicular, horizontal, fleshy, tough, convex then plano-disc-shaped, obtuse, even, but covered over with a shining whitish slightly silky lustre. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, elastic, equal, central or slightly excentric, commonly straight, smooth, bluntly- rooted at the base. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, crowded, broad (as much as 6 mm., 3 lin.), white. An exceedingly distinct species. Regular, solitary, with a weak, pleasant, not mealy odour. The pileus is a little thicker than that of A. lignatilis, but less compact ; the gills are twice as broad. As A. lignatilis is changeable, this is always constant in form. On rotting birch stump. Rare. Oct. Name — circino, to make round with compasses. From its very regular or- bicular shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 244. Hym. Eur. p. 170. Icon. t. 88. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1220. C. Hbk. n. 117. Illust. PI. 257. b. *** Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; stem distinct, 6rv. 370. A. pantoleucus Fr. Wholly white.— Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fleshy, excentric, dimidiate, spathulate and slightly convex, even, smooth, some- what depressed and marginate behind ; margin equal, entire. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, solid, ascending, very excentric, equal or attenuated downwards, not rooted^ even, smooth. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, simple, separate at the base. The disc of the pileus is often opaque. Solitary, firm. There is a smaller form with the pileus more regular and somewhat umbilicate. On trunks, willow, &c. Coed Coch, 1881. Oct. Spores 8-10x3-4 mk. IV. P. Name — was, all; AevKos, white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 172. Icon. t. 88. /. 2. B. &• Br. n. 1932. C. Illust. PI. 179, 275. A. spodoleucus albus Fr. Monogr. i. /. 246, 473. 371. A. mutilus Fr. Wholly white.— Pileus very excentric or wholly lateral, slightly fleshy, soft, tough, reniform, spathulate, &c., depressed behind, somewhat umbilicate, otherwise ascending, silky when dry, becoming smooth. Stem 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, erect or ascending, excentric or somewhat lateral, round, solid, tough, smooth except at the 172 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. villous base. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, narrow, rather thick, simple. Exceedingly changeable in form, but most distinct from the rest, thin, for the most part springing from an effused flaxy mycelium which is of the same colour. On grassy open hillside. Penzance, 1869, &c. Aug.-Dec. Name — mutilus, maimed. Perhaps from its variety of form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 247. Hym. Eur. p. 173. Icon. t. 88. /. 4. B. & Br. n. 1221, 1647. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 212. C. Illust. PL 275. Omphalomyces mutilus Batt. t. ix. f. e. **** yeft nonej giHs deeply decurrent; pileus sessile, S*c. 372. A. ostreatus Jacq.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, when young almost becoming black, soon becoming pale, fuscous- cinereous, passing into yellow when old, fleshy, soft, conchate, somewhat dimidiate, ascending, smooth, moist, even, but some- times with the cuticle torn into squamules. Stem shortened or obliterated, firm, elastic, ascending obliquely, thickening upwards, white, strigoso-villous at the base. Gills decurrent, anastomosing behind, somewhat distant, broad, white, sometimes turning light yellow, and without glandules. For the most part caespitose, imbricated, very variable, sometimes almost central. The pileus is at first convex and horizontal, then expanded and ascending. In the anastomosing gills it agrees with A. corticatus and A.glan- dulosus, and differs from all neighbouring species. There are numerous varie- ties : flavo virens Brig. t. 44. f. 1-3, melanodon Brig. t. 45. f. 1-3. Inzenga t. 4. f. 2, small, single, pileus black. There is another more remarkable form with the stem distinct and the pileus horizontal. Fl. Dan. t. 891. Vivian, t. 42. On trees, especially laburnum. Frequent. Autumn-Spring. Berkeley notes having seen the species with glandular gills. He also de- scribes the gills as serrated and umber at the edge. Badham describes the gills as " standing out sharp and erect like the fine flutings of a column, wind- ing down the stalk to different lengths, and those that reach the bottom form- ing there a beautiful raised meshwork highly characteristic." Known as the Oyster fungus, but this is from its shape, not its taste. Long celebrated for its esculent qualities. Clus. Esc. gen. vi. It must be carefully distinguished from A. euosmus which is unsafe. Remarkable for enduring cold. Spores 8x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — ostrea, oyster. From its shape. Jacq. Austr. t. 288. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 245. Hym. Eur. p. 173. Sverig. atl. Sv. t. 46. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 71. Out. p. 135. C. Hbk. n. 118. Illust. PL 195. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 213. Sow. t. 241. Hussey ii. t. 19. Badh. i. t. 2. ii. t. 10. Vittad. Mang. t. 4. Krombh. t. 41. Ventur. t. 17. Brig. t. 43. /. i, 2. A. dimidiatus Bull. t. 508. 373. A. euosmus Berk.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, at first white, invested with a light blue varnish, at length of a light brown, depressed, shining and satiny when dry. Stems short or obsolete, confluent. Gills very decurrent, rather broad, ventricose, dingy white. LEUCOSPORI. 173 Imbricated, strong-scented. Pilei very much crowded. Stem distinct above, Pleurotus. connate below. Gills running down to the bottom of the free portion of the stem. Spores oblong, narrow, oblique, whitish, tinged with pink. Somewhat resembling A. ostreatus, but distinguished by its peculiar scent like that of tarragon, and by its pale lilac spores. Not esculent. On elm posts and stumps. Uncommon. Spring-Autumn. On the authority of Berkeley, who still regards it as a good species, belong- ing to Leucospori (as exceptional) notwithstanding the tinge of colour in the spores, I retain it here. Name — evoo-jao?, sweet-smelling. Berk. Out. p. 135. B. & Br. n. 326. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 214. Hussey \. t. 75. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 174. A. (Claudopus) euosmus C. Hbk. n. 271. A. ostreatus var. euosmus c. must. PI. 196. 374. A. revolutus Kickx.— Pileus at first smoky then lead and mouse colours, darker in the centre, fleshy, firm, elastic, convexo- plane, smooth, slightly shining, depressed behind, margin in- curved. Stem curt, thick, smooth or pubescent. Gills decurrent, distinct, serrulated, white. Solitary, or a few joined together. It seems too closely allied to A. salignus. On trunks, poplar, &c. Penzance. It is clearly the same with A. corticatus Saund. & Sm. t. 4, f. 2. The stem is short, but distinct and swollen. B. & Br. Fries regarded A. corticatus Saund. & Sm. as a remarkable variety of A. salignus, an opinion which must give place to that of Berkeley. Name — revolutus, unrolled. From the un- rolling of the involute margin. Kickx. p. 158. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 174. B. 6* Br. n. 1933. C. Illust. PL 180. A. corticatus Saund. & Sm. t. 4. /. 2. 375. A. salignus Abb. d. Schw.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuliginous-cinereous or ochraceous, fleshy, compact, spongy, somewhat dimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, even, at length depressed behind and here and there strigose, the incurved mar- gin entire. Stem always short, firm, more or less tomentose. Gills horizontal, hence less manifestly decurrent, separate behind, but branched in the middle, crowded, dingy, often eroded at the edge, not glandular. Among the larger and firmer species. Solitary, scarcely ever caespi lose. It is commonly confounded with A. ostreatiis, but is certainly a different species. Although the stature is in general the same, it is easily distinguished by the pileus being compact, and more pulvinate when young, then depressed, by the gills being thinner, more crowded, somewhat branched, but not anastomosing behind, and dingy-fuliginous ; the spores also are dingy. On trunks, willow, alder, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Jan. Spores oblong or cylindrical-oblong, 14-15 mk. K.; 8x4mk. W.G.S. ; 8-10 x 3-4 mk. B. Name — salix, willow. Abbild. d. Schwdm. fasc. 3. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 246. Hym. Eur. p. 174. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 119. Illust. PI. 228. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 215. Letell. t. 687. Tratt. Austr. t. 8. 376. A. acerinus Fr. Shining 'white.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent, (i- 174 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. 4 in.) broad, fleshy, thin, unequal, silky-viHous, not hygrophanous. Stem somewhat lateral, thin or obsolete, villous. Gills decurrent, very crowded, thin, white, then becoming yellow. Tough. Allied to A. lignatilis. On plane and ash. Walthamstow, &c. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 175. B. & Br. n. 2000. C. Illust. Name — acer, maple. PL 291. II.— DlMIDIATI. 377. A. petaloides Bull.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long,/ky- cous, becoming pale, dimidiate, fleshy, but in no wise compact, rather plane, somewhat spathulate, con- tinuous with the stem and depressed behind, hence the villous down of the stem ascends to this point (the disc) of the pileus, otherwise smooth, even, margin at first involute, then expanded. Stem about 12 mm. (*4 in.) long, some- times however very short, solid, firm, compressed, channelled when larger, more or less villous, whitish. Gills decurrent, very crowded, very narrow (scarcely beyond 2 mm. broad), linear, very unequal, white then cinereous. Taste bitter. The form on wood is some- what horizontal, gregarious, here and there imbricated. B. spathulatus Pers. Obs. i. /. 4. /. i, erect, growing on the ground. The stem is channelled especially in the variety. It varies much even in colour ; the forms growing on the ground, which are somewhat vertical with the margin reflexed, are especially remarkable, and smaller specimens almost pass into A. tremulus. In one most remarkable form the pileus is red : Lere in Pers. M. E. 3. t. 25. /. 6. On stumps and on the ground. Rare. Spores 8x4 mk. W. G.S. Name — from fancied resemblance in shape to the petal of a flower. Bull. t. 226, 557. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 248. Hym. Eur. p. 175. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 120. Illust. PL 258. a. Ventur. t. 44. /. 5, 6. 378. A. pulmonarius Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cinereous, continuous with the stem, fleshy, soft, but tough, flaccid, obovate or reniform, plane or reflexo-conchate at the margin, even, smoothj flesh thin, soft, white. Stem very short, solid, exactly lateral, horizontal or ascending, round, villous, expanded into the pileus. Gills decurrent but ending de terminate ly, moderately XI. Agaricus (Pleurotus) tnitis. Natural size. Section three times natural size. LEUCOSPORI. 175 broad, distinct, not branched or anastomosing at the base, livid or Pleurotus. cinereous. The primary form is solitary. The pileus is cinereous-tan when dried. It differs from A. salignus alike in the definitely lateral stem, and in the thin flaccid pileus. Var. Juglandis csespitose, smaller, attenuato-sessile at the base, becoming fuscous. On trunks. Aberdeen Fungus Show, 1874. Sept. Spores 8-10 x 2-3 mk. B. Name—pulmo, lung. From its texture. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 248. Hym. Eur. p. 176. B. &> Br. n. 1522. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 216. Paul. t. 21. Var. Juglandis Fr. Icon. t. 87. /. 2. 379. A. serotinus Schrad.— Pileus 1-7.5 cent- (%~3 in-) broad, yellow-green, fuliginous-olivaceous, &c., thick, at first gibbous- convex, then plane and ascending, reniform or obovate, even, smooth, covered with a pellicle which is viscous in wet weather; margin at the first shortly involute, at length expanded, somewhat repand; flesh whitish. Stem not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, but most frequently shorter and obliterated, lateral, solid, thick, irregularly shaped, becoming yellow, dotted with fuliginous squam- ules, which are crowded into a fuliginous zone near the gills. Gills ending determinately, not truly decurrent, narrow, crowded, often branched, typically light yellow. The stem is rarely fringed with lobes all round as if the pileus extended on all sides. The gills appear as if decurrent when the pileus is arched or con- chate. They vary in colour, more rarely pallid and flesh colour, also with the edge dotted-fuliginous from the squamules of the stem ascending upon them. The flesh is almost tasteless. Gregarious or imbricato-casspitose, very fleshy, compact when young, then softer. Widely distinct from all others. On trunks, ash and birch. Uncommon. Nov.-Dec. Name — serotinus, late. Schrad. in Abbild. d. Schwdmm. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 249. Hym. Eur. p. 176. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 121. Illust. PL 258. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 217. A. stipticus var. Fl. Dan. t. 1293. /. 2. 380. A. mitis Pers.— Pileus about 12 mm. ()4 in.) broad, rufes- cent or whitish, slightly fleshy, continuous with the stem in a straight line (not reflexed) and horizontal, reniform, even, smooth, and without a viscid pellicle; flesh thin, pliant, white. Stem 12 mm. (yz in.) long, sometimes however very short, solid, definitely lateral, compressed and dilated upwards, sprinkled with white mealy squamules. Gills ending definitely, very crowded, linear- lanceolate, simple, white. Gregarious, but scarcely ever caespitose, tough, insipid. In form and stature it is like Panus stipticus, which is cinnamon, coriaceous, distinct in its gills being connected by veins, &c. On dead fir, £c. Common. Autumn-Winter. 176 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. The stem becomes at length obsolete, and the pilei overlap each other. Name- — mitis, mild. From its insipid taste. Pers. Syn. p. 481 (but not the fig. in Obs. Myc.) Fr. Monogr, i. p. 249. Hym. Eur. p. 177. Berk. Out. p. 136. t. 6.f. 9. C. Hbk. n. 122. Illust. PL 258. b. S. MycoL Scot. n. 218. 381. A. gadinoides Sm. Whole plant white.— Pileus rather fleshy, tender, dimidiate, clothed with fine adpressed flocci, hygro- phanous, with no gelatinous upper stratum. Stem minute, lateral or none. Gills somewhat crowded, slightly branched. Allied to A. mitis. Spores 8x3 mk. On tree-fern stems. Chelsea, 1872. May. Name — from Gadinia, the name of a beautiful white bivalve. Smith in Journ. Bot. 1873. p. 65. C. Illust. PI. 276. a. 382. A. limpidus Fr.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) hyaline- white when moist, shining white when dry, slightly fleshy, obovate or reniform, horizontal, even, smooth, hygrophanous, and without a viscous pellicle, margin very thin, shortly inflexed. No separate stem, but the pileus is narrowed behind into a stem-like base. Gills thin, crowded, decurrent at the base, white. It cannot be confounded with any other, and can only be compared with A. mitis. Its habit and substance are almost the same as those of A. mitis, but it is somewhat sessile and wholly shining white. The rudimentary stem is neither squamulose nor villous. The gills are decurrent on the stem-like base, but end determinately. Taste mild. On old ash-stump. Penzance, &c. Name — limpidus, clear, pellucid. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 250. Hym. Eur. p. 177. Icon. t. 88. /. 3. B. &" Br. n. 2001. C. Illust. PL 276. 383. A. reniformis Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, cinereous, slightly fleshy, horizontal, reniform, plane, emarginate behind, the regular margin entire, spreading; flesh very thin, somewhat gelatinous, diaphanous. Stem a very short villous rudi- ment. Gills running cut from the stem-like tubercle, and diver- gent, thin, linear, grey. On branches of silver-fir, &c. Glamis, 1877, &c. Aug.-Oct. Name — renes, the kidneys ; forma, form. Kidney-shaped. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 177. Icon. t. 89. /. 3. B. 6° Br. n. 1648. S. MycoL Scot. n. 219. C. Illust. PL 276. 384. A. lauro-cerasi B. &. Br.— Pileus rather more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, brown, oyster-shaped, sulcate, cuticle very thin. Stem obsolete. Gills connected by veins. The cuticle is extremely thin, and gives way at the furrows, so as to expose the substance of the pileus. LEUCOSPORI. 177 On the naked trunk of a laurel. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct. Pleurotus. Spores ovate, .0008 millim. long. B. &* Br. ; 8xn mk. W.P. Name — Laurus cerasus, cherry-laurel. B. & Br. n. 1854. C. Illust. PI. 242. a. 385. A. tremulus Schaeff.— Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.) broad, fuscous-grey, becoming pale, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, dimidi- ate, somewhat horizontal, reniform, plane, depressed and often villous behind, otherwise smooth, even. Stem 12 mm. ()4 in.) long, sometimes very short, distinct, exactly lateral, ascending- vertical, rotmd, somewhat thin (4 mm., 2 lin.) and dilated upwards, grey. Gills adnate, or, when the pileus is more evidently de- pressed, decurrent, but determinate, linear, narrow, somewhat distant, very unequal, grey. Stem fixed to mosses by fibrils at the base. Changeable like neighbouring species. The whole plant stiff. Solitary. There is a remarkable form with the stem slender, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, wholly rounded, with the thinner diaphanous pileus 2.5-5 cent' (1-2 in.) broad, here and there infundibuliform, fringed with lobes all round, and with the gills in no wise decurrent. On the ground, moss, fungi, &c. Rare. Aug.-Dec. Stem attached to the matrix by a woolly mass. M.J.B. Name — tremulus, tremulous. Schceff. t. 224 (but/", i, 2 with the stem channelled incline to A. petaloides). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 250. Hym. Eur. p. 177. Berk. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. n. 123. Illust. PL 242. S. MycoL Scot. n. 220. Sow. t. 242. 386. A. acerosus Fr.— Pileus grey, silky-white when dry, membranaceous, reniform, plane, striate, somewhat lobed. Stem very short or obsolete, lateral, somewhat strigose at the base. Gills determinate, linear, crowded, single, grey. So protean that it is necessary to describe the primary forms separately : A. Pilei grey, silky-white when dry, membranaceous, striate when damp. Stem short, 6 mm. (3 lin.) long, round, strigoso-hispid, as if composed of many to- gether, bearing many small pilei which resemble a lobed pileus 2.5-5 cent- ( 1-2 in. ) broad. Gills horizontal, determinate, not decurrent, scarcely some- what distant, of the same colour as the pileus. B. Pileus membranaceous, plane, reniform or orbicular, most frequently lobed, flaccid, when fresh striate and grey. Stem scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) long and broad, lateral, compressed, villous. Gills linear, very narrow, crowded, many unequal, grey. C. Pileus fuscous when moist, hoary when dry, membranaceous, flaccid, reniform, wholly horizontal, depressed behind and strigose at the disc, slightly striate at the margin, undulated, fringed all round when larger. Stem lateral, very short or almost none. Gills decurrent, not very crowded, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, fuscous-cinereous, not becoming pale like the former. D. Horizontal, somewhat sessile with the pileus in a white tomentose mycelium which is effused on mosses, wedge-shaped, wholly glaucous when fresh, fulig- inous-fuscous when dry, soft and flaccid, scarcely striate, and only adhering behind to a point, villous. Gills simple, thin, plane, linear. A on fallen fir- twigs in dense woods. B on rotten wood of Pinus silvestris in moist places. C on pine-needles, by gravelly waysides. Bolt. t. 72. /. 3 as regards form. D on Sphagna in hilly swamps, not to be confounded with Cantharellus M 178 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. muscigenus or C. lobatus. A is the primary form described in Fr. Syst. Myc. C, however, may be taken as the typical form of the species. On decayed wood, lawn, &c. Rare. Aug.-Dec. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Nsaae—acus, chaff. Chaffy. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 251. Hym. Eur. p. 178. Icon. t. 89. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. n. 124. Illust. PL 242. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 221. 1 1 1. — RESUPINATI. * Pileus fleshy, uniform. 387. A. porrigens Pers. Wholly shining white. — Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, at the first resupinate, sessile, adnate behind, forming excentric orbicular shields, with the gills concurrent in an umbilicus, soon however extended laterally, ascending, ear- shaped, narrow at the base, dilated above ; otherwise fleshy, tough, flaccid, at length undulato-lobed, even, somewhat smooth, but more or less tomentose towards the base ; flesh thin, compact. Gills at first concurrent, somewhat veined, decurrent to the base when the pileus is extended, thin, crowded, linear, very narrow, sometimes divided. Inodorous, insipid, when full grown often imbricated in the form of steps. It at length resembles A. petaloides. On stumps, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 7-8 x 6 mk. ^.,-4x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — porrigo, to stretch out. From its habit of growth. Pers. Obs. Myc. i. /. 54. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 252. Hym. Eur. p. 178. Berk. Out. p. 137. B. 6s Br. n. 1222. C. Hbk. n. 125. Illust. PL 259. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 2,2,2. Saund. & Sm. t. 26. 388. A. septicus Fr. Wholly shining white. — Pileus 2-10 mm. (1-5 lin.) broad, slightly fleshy, villous, at the first resupinate, attached to the wood, then furnished with a short (2-4 mm., 1-2 lin.) incurved, villous stem, which becomes erect and at length vanishes, so that the reflexed pileus then appears sessile, with flaxy rootlets. Gills at first converging round the rudiment of a stem, comparatively broad, somewhat distant. Very small, so changeable in form that it is difficult to recognise the same individual in different stages of its growth. In form, and flaxy rootlets of the stem, it is chiefly to be compared with A. bysslsedus. It is smaller, however, and more fleshy, and is wholly (also the spores) shining white. It resembles A. variabilis, but the gills do not change colour on account of the spores being white. On decayed wood, fungi, &c. Frequent. June.-Oct. Name — septicus, putrefying. From its growing on rotten wood. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 254. Hym. Eur. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. n. 126. LEUCOSPORI. 179 Illust. PL 259. b.^ S. Mycol, Scot. n. 223. Letell. t. 706. / i. A. pubescens Pleurotus. Sow. t. 321. ** P ileus fleshy, gelatinous or viscid, &*£. 389. A. mastrucatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, mouse-grey, as if prickly withfloccose, squarrose scales of the same colour, fleshy, when full grown obovate or tongue-shaped, soft, flaccid, margin involute but lobed when full grown and luxuri- ant; strat^tm of flesh double, the upper, that of the thick (i m., ^ lin.) pellicle, gelatinous, pliant, mouse-fuscous; the lower (that of the flesh proper) a little thicker, pallid. Gills at first concurrent in an excentric umbilicus (without the rudiment of a stem), then converging to the base of the pileus, broad, somewhat distant, quaternate, whitish-grey. The first of a series of distinguished species, which form a remarkably nat- ural group. Larger than following species, resupinate when young, adnate at the back, excentrically cup-shaped, then reflexed, sessile, somewhat im- bricated. On old trunks. Rare. Na.me—mastruca, a sheepskin. From its woolly-like coat. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 254. Hym. Eur. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 127. Illust. PL 243. A. echinatus Sow. t. 99. 390. A. atro-caeruleus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, commonly dark aztire-blue, more rarely fuscous, at the first re- supinate, soon reflexed, horizontal, obovate or reniform, mllous, rarely slightly smooth, slightly wrinkled (because the cuticle is contracted in drying) when dry; flesh soft, the upper stratum (that of the pellicle) toughly gelatinous, as much as 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fuscous-blackish, the lower (that of the flesh proper) thinner, whitish. Gills at first concurrent, then reaching the base, broad, in groups of 4-8, whitish, at length becoming light yellow. Sessile, gregarious, somewhat imbricated. Here and there emitting a very pleasant odour. On trunks, birch, &c. Rare. Nov.-Dec. Spores 3X 8 mk. W.G.S. Name — ater, black; cceruleus, azure-blue. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 255. Hym. Eur. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 128. Illust. PL 243. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 224. Saund. & Sm. t. 6. f. i. A. alneus S chaff, t. 246. / 3, 8, 9. 391. A. Leightoni Berk. — Pileus 10 mm. (5 lin.) broad, umber then lead-coloured, at first obliquely conical, furfuraceous, with short scattered bristles intermixed ; flesh consisting of two dis- tinct strata ; the upper gelatinous, of the colour of the pileus, the l8o AGARICUS. Pleurotus. lower white. Stem none. Gills pallid tan-colour, rather thick, distant, somewhat forked at the base, slightly undulated, obscure- ly wrinkled at the base, the interstices scarcely reticulated. On wood. Shrewsbury. Name— after Rev. W. A. Leighton. Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. /. 9. /. i. Out. p. 138. C. Illust. PL 260. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 179. 392. A. algidus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in.) broad, umber or rufous brown, fleshy, at first resupinate, then expanded, some- what reniform, unequal, even, smooth, viscous; flesh thin, moder- ately pliant, whitish. Gills at first concurrent, at length appear- ing adnate, crowded, rather broad, sometimes crisped at the base, becoming pallid yellow. Manifestly allied to A. mastrucatus and A. atro-cceruleus, but \he pellicle is thin, viscid only in a moist state, and remarkably distinct in the full-grown pileus, being smooth, umber or rufus-brown. From an excentrically cup- shaped form, which is adnate at the back and sessile, with concurrent gills, it is unfolded into reflexed pilei, which are commonly caespitoso-imbricated. When young the pileus is often covered with pruina. In the same places in- dividual specimens have occurred quite similar, but departing from the type in the bluish-grey colour of the pileus. On trunks. Linlithgowshire. Name — algidus, cold. From its being found in northern regions. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 255. Hym. Eur. p. 180. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 129. Illust. PL 260. Brigant. t. 20. A. subsessilis Fl. Dan. t. 1552. f. i. A. lateralis FL Dan. t. 1556. /. 2. A. cynotis Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 23. /. 5. 393. A. fluxilis Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat umber, thin, dimidiate, horizontal, plane, reniform, covered vtiih a fluid gelatinous stratum which is not covered with a cuticle ; the flesh proper very thin, pallid, soft. Gills rounded behind, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, linear, distant, distinct, whitish j few (3-5) reaching the base, but very many shorter ones intermixed. As many as 31 of the shorter gills may be counted at the margin between those which reach the base. Solitary, sessile. A most distinguished species, not to be compared with any other. Never resupinate, but adhering by a single lateral point, to which all the gills converge. On wood and sawdust. Glamis, 1877. Oct. When young it is covered with an extremely thin, vanishing membrane, so that it may be truly said to be without a cuticle. Spores elliptical-oblong, guttate, 10 mk. Q. Name— flux i/is, fluid. From the fluid stratum of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 256. Hym. Eur. p. 180. B. & Br. n. 1756. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 226. C. Illust. PI. 244. 394. A. cyphellseformis Berk.— Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) or more broad and high, cinereous, cup-shaped, then dependent, very LEUCOSPORI. l8l minutely strigose especially at the base, margin paler, sprinkled Pieurotus. with a few meal-like scales; upper stratum gelatinous, cinereous, beneath which the flesh is white and very thin. Stem none. Gills pure white, rather distant, the alternate ones shorter, narrow, linear. Minute. Gregarious. Allied to A. applicatus. On dead herbaceous stems. Rare. Oct. Name — KV(f>e\\ov, the hollow of the ear. From its shape. Berk. Mag. Zool. and Bot. i. t. 15. /. 3. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 131. Illust. PI. 244. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 180. 395. A. applicatus Batsch. Dark cinereous. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, when young cup-shaped, orbicular, adnate behind, villous at the base, commonly sessile, more or less pruinate ; when fuller grown more or less reflexed, never dimidiate, smooth or slightly villous, slightly striate when damp. Gills few, rather thick, broad, distant, paler than the pileus and here and there whitish at the edge. Varying in colour, cinereous- or azure-blue-blackish, dark or bluish-grey. The pileus is occasionally extended in a stem-like form (but there is never the rudiment of a true stem) with the gills radiating from a central point. Habit and stature wholly those of A. striatulus, &c., but thicker, firmer, and clothed with a gelatinous pellicle. On dead branches, ash, &c. Common. Autumn-Spring. Fries found it chiefly on willows. Name — applicatus, closely attached. From its habit of growth. Batsch t. 125. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 257. Hym. Eur. p. 1 80. Berk. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 133. Illust. PL 244. c. S. My col. Scot. n. 227. Sow. t. 301. A. epixylon Bull. t. 581. /. 2. *** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid. 396. A. Hobsoni Berk.— Pileus 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) broad, pale grey, membranaceous, reniform or dimidiate, stemless, minutely- downy, margin involute. Gills rather distant, pallid. On larch-stumps. Apethorpe, 1859. Sept. It seems very closely allied to A. reniformis, but that species is smooth, shortly stipitate and broader. Fr. Name — after Lieut. Julian C. Hobson. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 132. Illust. PL 212. a. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 181. 397. A. striatulus Fr. Pale cinereous— filers very small, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, always sessile, not extended behind, cup- shaped, very tender, smooth, pellucid, striate. Gills few, distant, of the same colour as the pileus or whitish. Gregarious. Easily escaping observation frorn its minuteness. Wholly withering and corrugated when dry. Very changeable in different stations. 182 AGAR1CUS. Pleurotus. A. The typical form is regularly cup-shaped or obconico-campanulate, central, never reflexed, and for the most part fuscous-cinereous ; on the under side of fallen trunks, chiefly pine. B. In another form the pilei are at first excentric, then reflexed, imbricated and crisped, of a pale cinereous colour; on dried vertical branches, such as hazel. C. A third form (Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 25. /. 3.) has the pileus irregular, at length dimidiate, bluish-grey; on fallen stalks. On fir, hazel, elm, &c. Uncommon. May-Dec. Name — striatulus. Slightly striate. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 257. Hym. Eur. p. 181. Icon. t. 89. f. 5. Berk. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 134. Illust. PI. 212. b. S. MycoL Scot. n. 228. 398. A. hypnophilus Berk.— Pileus white, sessile, resupinate, flat, somewhat reniform, nearly smooth. Gills simple, of the same colour. Exactly the habit of A. variabilis ; but the spores are white, and in conse- quence the gills do not change colour. On the larger mosses, and fallen leaves. Appin. Joined by Persoon with A. variabilis. Spores 3 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — wn/ov, a marsh plant ; <$>C\o6feos, rose-col- oured). Spores rosy or rubiginous. [A partial veil has been ob- served only among the Annulariae. The spores in the Volvariae, Plutei, and most of the Clitopili are globose or oblong and even, like those of the Leucospori, but in the other subgenera of the series (also in A. (Pluteus) roseo-albus according to Seynes) they are commonly irregular and angular^ Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Subgenus X. VOLVARIA (volva, a wrapper). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 277. Rosy-spored. Universal veil free, persistent, distinct HYPORHODII. from the epidermis of the pileus (constituting a volva). Hymen- Volvaria. ophore distinct from the stem. The Volvarise are as it were Amanitas with rosy spores, but they are more nearly related to the Plutei and the Psalliotae. Gills rounded be- hind and free, ventricose. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Volvaria corresponds with Ama- nita. The species appear early in the year. They grow chiefly on rotten wood or in rich mould or manured ground; hence they are more frequent in gardens, hothouses, &c., than in woods. Some are said to be edible, but they soon acquire a disagreeable taste from the rapidity with which they decay. * Pileus dry, silky or fibrillose. ** Pileus more or less viscous and smooth. XII. Agaricus (Volvaria) vol- •uaceus. One-fifth natural size. * Piletis dry, silky orfibrillose. 400. A. bombycinus Schseff. — Pileus 7.5-20 cent. (3-8 in.) broad, wholly white, fleshy, soft, at first globose, soon campan- ulate, at length convex, somewhat umbonate, everywhere silky- or, when older, squamuloso-villous^ more rarely becoming smooth at the vertex; flesh not thick, white. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) thick or more at the base, solid, equally attenuated from the base to the apex, even, smooth, white. Vol- va soon torn asunder, ample, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, mem- branaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, persistent. Gills free, very crowded when young, almost cohering, ventricose, in groups of 2-4, then toothed, flesh-coloured. Ovate when young. According to some becoming fuscous. The stem is curved-ascending on vertical trunks and straight on prostrate ones. Com- monly solitary, sometimes however caespitose. On decayed wood, stumps, &c. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Spores elliptic. Considered edible. Name — bombyx, silk. Silky. Schceff. t. 98. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 259. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Berk. Out. p. 139. t. j.f. i. C. Hbk. n. 231. Illust. PL 293. Krombh. t. 23. /. 15-21. Brig. t. 34. /. 1-6. Barla t. 25. /. 1-5. Mich. N. gen. t. 76. /. 2. 401. A. volvaceus Bull.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, rarely more, cinereous, black-streaked with adpressed fibrils, campan- ulate then expanded, obtuse. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 184 AGARICUS. Voivaria. 12 mm. (X in.) thick, white, solid, somewhat equal; volva lax. Gills free, flesh-coloured. Its history is wholly that of A. bombycinus, but it is generally smaller. It differs constantly, however, in the volva being less ample and persistent and in becoming fuscous, in breadth, colour, and streaking of the pileus, and in the gills being less purely flesh-coloured. In stoves, roadsides, &c. Rare. July-Aug. Spores 6-8 x 4 mk. B, Name — volva, a wrapper ; furnished with a volva. Bull, t. 262. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 260. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Fl. Dan. t. 1731. /. 2. Vivian, t. 10. Ventur. t. 22. BarL t. 25. / 6-13. Fr. Nees in Act. Nat. Cur. xvi. t. 7. C. Illust. PL 294. Form departing from the type Sow. t. i. Berk. Out. p. 140. C. Hbk. n. 232. 402. A. Loveianus Berk. — Pileus 6 cent (2^ in.) broad, white with a very slight shade of pink or cinereous, beautifully silky, moderately fleshy, subtruncato-globose, then convex or slightly expanded, margin involute. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, white, solid, bulbous, attenuated up- wards, closely fibrillose with a little matted down, very juicy ; volva pure white with a little downy prominence within round the base of the stem. Gills broad in front, quite free, somewhat deliquescent, gradually pale pink. At first it appears like a small, smooth, white, round Bovista. Gregarious, subcaespitose. Parasitic on A. nebularis. Very rare. Oct. It has been grown on A. nebularis by Worthington Smith. Spores minute, elliptic, 3 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Rev. R. T. Lowe. Berk. Out. p. 140. t. 7. f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 233. Illust. PI. 295. S. MycoL Scot. n. 230. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182. 403. A. Taylori Berk.— Pileus 4-5 cent, (itf in.) high and broad, livid, conico-campanulate, obtuse, striato-rimose from the apex, thin, margin lobed and sinuated. Stem 6 cent. (2)4 in.) long, 6 mm. (% in.) thick, pallid, solid, nearly equal, slightly bulb- ous at the base ; volva date-brown, lobed, somewhat lax, small. Gills uneven, broad in front, very much attenuated behind, rose- colour. Pileus beautifully pencilled and cracked. The dark volva, campanulate pil- eus, and uneven, attenuated gills are marked characters. The habit is rather that of some Entoloma than of its more immediate allies. On the ground. Jersey, &c. Spores 6x 9 mk. W.G.S. Name— after M. A. Taylor. B. & Br. n. 675. Berk. Out. p. 140. C. Hbk. n. 234. Illust. PL 296. Saund. & Sm. t. 33. /. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 183. HYPORHODII. 185 '404. A. temperatus B. & Br.— Pileus 6 mm. (X in.) broad, Voivaria. convex, umbonate, pulverulent, striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slender, pellucid ; volva ample. On soil in a greenhouse. Sibbertoft. Name — temperatus, as applied to heat. From growing in a greenhouse. B. S* Br. n. 1757. C. Illust. PL 300. a. ** Pileus more or less viscous and smooth. 405. A. speciosus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, whitish, grey or umber at the disc, fleshy, globose when young, then campanulate, at length plane and somewhat umbonate, even, smooth, mscoiisj flesh soft, floccose, white. Stem 10-20 cent. (4-8 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, slight- ly attenuated from the base as far as the apex, when young vuhite- mllous and tomentose at the base, then becoming smooth, white ; volva bulbous rather than lax, free however, variously torn into loops, membranaceous, 1-2.5 cent. (}4-i in.) broad, externally tomentose, white. Gills free, flesh-coloured. The gills are wholly the same as those of A. bombycinus. It occurs also thinner, with the pileus wholly grey. On dunghills, roadsides, &c. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, even, 12-18 x 8-10 mk. K. Name — speciosus, handsome. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 260. Hym. Eur. p. 183. Berk. Out. p. 141. B. & Br. n. 902*. C. Hbk. n. 236. Illust. PL 297. S. My col. Scot, n. 231. Fl. Dan. t. 1737. Krombh. t. 26. /. 1-8. 406. A. gloiocephalus Dec. FL— Pileus fuliginous, fleshy, cam- panulate then expanded, umbonate, smooth, glutinous, striate at the margin. Stem solid, smooth, becoming fuscous or tawny ; the volva, which is circularly split, pressed close. Gills free, reddish. Fragments of the volva are sometimes seen on the pileus. The stem is commonly more slender than that of A. speciosus. On the ground. Uncommon. June-Oct. Pileus about 3 in. across, with a strong regular, obtuse umbo in the centre, of a delicate mouse-grey, viscid when moist but when dry shining, quite smooth, margin striate in consequence of the thinness of the flesh ; stem 6 in. or more high, about y2 in. thick in the centre, attenuated upwards, bulbous at the base, clothed with a few slight fibres, easily splitting, solid, rather dingy, ringless. Volva loose, villous like the base of the stem, splitting into several unequal lobes ; the gills are broad, especially in front, narrower behind and quite free, so as to leave a space round the top of the stem, white, tinged with greyish pink ; margin slightly toothed. Smell strong and un- pleasant, and taste disagreeable. M.J.B. Very poisonous according to 1 86 AGARICUS. Volvaria. Letellier. Spores 19x9 mk. W.G.S. Name — yXotd?, sticky; Ke4>a\ri, head. From the glutinous pileus. Decand. Fl.fr. vi. p. 52. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 183. Card. Chron. 1860, p. 933. fig. C. Hbk. n. 237. Illust. PL 298. 5. MycoL Scot. n. 232. Saund. & Sm. t. 33.7. 2. Letell. t. 623. / 2. & /. 645. / H.I. A. speciosus Klotzsch in Fl. Bor. t. 457. Barla t. 26. j52-i in.) rarely more broad, whitish, the umbo here and there darker, slightly fleshy, conical then campanulate, at length rather plane and umbonate, at first slightly viscid, soon dry, silky. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, somewhat fistulo$e> equal, silky, villous at the base, white. Gills free, flesh-coloured. Gregarious. Much smaller and thinner than preceding species. Form B. Wholly shining white when young, the gills at length white flesh-colour. Pileus conical when young, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) high, dry, and sometimes floccoso-squamulose. Stem stuffed, never fistulose, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, pubescent, sheathed with the two-lobed volva, adpressedly silky. In pastures, soil in gardens, &c. Frequent. A very minute form occurs on the soil of garden-pots in stoves, with a transparent, minutely tomentose stem ; volva white, silky. B. & Br. Spores 6x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 8x5 mk. W.P.; 6-8x4 mk- B. Name— parvus, small. Very small. Weinm. Ross. p. 238. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 261. Hym. Eur. p. 184. B. &•= Br. n. 1413*. C. Hbk. n. 235. Illust. PL 300. b, A. volvaceus minor Butt. t. 330. A. pusillus Pers. Obs. 2. p. 36. t. 4. /. 4. Berk. Out. p. 140. Krombh. t. 3. /. 20. A. venustus Vivian, t. n. Annularia. Subgenus XL ANNULARIA (annulus, a ring) Schulz. Verh. Oestereich. Zool. Bot. Gesell. 1868, p. 49. Rosy-spored, furnished with a ring, but destitute of a volva. Gills free ; hymenophore HYPORHODII. I87 distinct from the stem. Chamasota Smith in Seem. Journ. 1870. Annularia. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 184. No British species. XIII. Agariciis (Plnteus) cervi- nus. One-fourth natural size. Subgenus XII. PLUTEUS (piuteus, a pent-house). Fr. Epicr. piuteus. p. 140. Rosy-spored, without a volva or a ring. Hymenophore distinct from the stem, and hence the gills are rounded behind and free (never emarginate), cohering at the first, white then flesh-coloured, but in one or two instances often tinged with yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 185. Piuteus agrees in all except the volva with Volvaria. If the pellicle of the pileus, which is often fibrillose, flocculose, or pruinose, is to be con- sidered a concrete universal veil, it would be analogous with Lepiota. The apex of the stem which is sep- arate from the flesh of the pileus is inserted in it like a peg, which is the case in most of the Lepiotce. The species grow on or near trunks, ap- pearing early, and lasting longer than the Volvarice. None are edible; taste insipid, smell unpleasant. * Cuticle of the pileus separating into fibrils orflocci. ** Pileus pruinate with atoms, somewhat pulverulent. ** Pileus naked, smooth. * Cuticle of the pileus separating into fibrils orflocci. 409. A. cervinus Schaeff.— Pileus 7-5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, fleshy, somewhat fragile, campanulate then expanded, ob- tuse, when young covered over with a continuous pellicle, which is toughly viscid in wet weather, becoming even, smooth, fuliginous; this, however, is gradually broken up into fibrils or squamules on the pileus, which becomes pale and is often streaked, margin entire and naked; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, firm, equal, white, but externally reticulated or striate with black fibrils. Gills rounded behind, free and quite separate from the stem, crowded, ventri- cose, somewhat crenulated, white then flesh-colour, of the same colour at the edge. 1 88 AGARICUS. Pluteus. Protean. In very shady places the colour passes into yellow-fuscous (Fl. Dan. t. 1067. /. 2). In hollow trunks smaller with the pileus excentric and the stem ascending. On trunks and stumps. Common. April-Nov. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, even, 7-8x5~6mk. K. ; 6-8x4-5mk. B. ; 4x5 mk. W. G.S. Name — cervus, a deer. Fawn-coloured. Schceff. t. 10. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 263. Hym. Eur. p. 185. Berk. Out. p. 141. C. Hbk. n. 240. lllust. PI. 301. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 233. A. atricapillus Batsch t. 76. A. latus Bolt. t. 2. Sow. t. 108. A. pluteus Dittm. Sturm, t. 28. Krombh. t. 2. /. 7-10. A. Neesii Klotzsch in Fl. Bor. t. 459. Var. Bullii Berk. C. lllust. PI. 357. *A. eximius Sm.— Pileus fleshy, when young campanulate and elegantly corrugated and lobed, margin involute and not membranaceous, clothed with a semi -viscid separable cuticle. Stem thick, solid, fibrillose. Gills crowded, somewhat thick, white then pale rose, becoming slightly rufous when bruised ; flesh cartilaginous, tasteless or watery. Flesh cutting like A. cervinus. Manifestly near A. petasatus, but it differs materially in the pileus being fleshy throughout, and in other characters. Spores yellowish salmon, spherical but somewhat irregular, averaging7X5 mk. On sawdust. Rare. Nov. The pileus is rufescent-umber, when young darker and beautifully tinged with carmine round the margin. The very stout stem becomes almost black- streaked. Name — eximius, remarkable. Saund. & Sm. t. 38. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 233. C. lllust. PI. 302. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 186. * A. petasatus Fr.— Pileus 12.5-15 cent. (5-6 in.) broad, whitish-cinereous, at length somewhat date-brown, campanulate then expanded and flattened, very smooth, covered over with a viscid separable pellicle, fleshy at the disc but membranaceous and at length slightly but densely striate from the circumference to the middle j flesh soft, white. Stem as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, solid, rigid, attenuated upwards from the silky base, fibril- loso-striate, pallid, at length becoming tawny. Gills very broad, 1 8 mm. (% in.), very crowded, drying up and at length tawny at the edge. On sawdust, &c. Uncommon. Name— petasus, a hat with a broad brim. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 265. Hym. Eur. p. 186. Berk. Out. p. 141. C. Hbk. n. 243. lllust. PL 303. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 233. Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. t. 9. /. 2. n. 271. 410. A. umbrosus Pers.— Pileus umber, fleshy, campanulate then expanded, lacunose-ivrinkled, at the first villous, margin ciliato-fimbriate. Stem solid, villous-scaly. Gills free, fuliginous- nmbriated at the edge. HYPORHODII. 189 The stature is wholly that of A. cervinus, but it differs in the villous-scaly pjuteus stem, in the pileus being lacunose, at the first villous and the margin fringed •with hairs, and in the edge of the gills being fringed-fuliginous or marginate. But these differences gradually disappear, and there are many intermediate forms. On dead wood. Rare. Sept. Spcres 6-8x5 mk- B. Na.me—umZ>rosus, shady. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 2. /. 5. Syn. p. 358. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 186. Monogr. i. p. 263. C. Hbk. n. 241. Illust. PI. 304. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 234. A. umbrinus Berk. Out. p. 141. 411. A. salicinus Pers. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in), and more broad, bluish-grey then cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, smooth, but flocculoso-rugulose and darker at the disc. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, stuffed, eq\ia\,jibrillose, fragile, white- azure -blue, or sometimes becoming green. Gills free, rose- colour. It approaches Leptonice in the darker and slightly wrinkled disc. In the interior of hollow willow. South Wooton. Sept. Name — salix, willow. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 264. Hym. Eur. p. 186. Grevil- lea, vol. xiii. p. 48. 412. A. hispidulus Fr.— Pileus 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, grey, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, everywhere silky or slightly pilose, even, dry, at length slightly striate at the mar- gin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, curved-ascending, round, fragile, even, smooth, silvery. Gills free, flesh-colour. The smallest of the Plutei, most clearly distinct from all the rest. On beech-stumps. Stapleton Park. Fries has found it growing also on mould in pots in hothouses. Name — hispidus, hairy. Slightly hairy. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 264. Hym. Eur. p. 187. Icon. t. 90. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 304. b. ** Pileus pruinate with atoms, somewhat pulverulent. 413. A. nanus Pers.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, umber or darker at the disc, from which veined radiating umber wrinkles extend throughout the pileus which is fuliginous and sprinkled with fuscous pulverulent sootiness, slightly fleshy, but toughish, by no means campanulate, but convex then flattened, obtuse, well formed, dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid, equal or slightly attenuated from the base and dilated 1 90 AGARICUS. Piuteus. again at the very apex, slightly striate, whitish. Gills free, flesh- colour. The pileus and stem are commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.) only, but individual specimens occur with the pileus 6 cent. (2% in.) broad, and the stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in. ) long. On fallen sticks and sawdust. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Spores 5 mk. W.G.S. Name — nanus, dwarf. Pers. Syn. p. 357. Fr. Monogr, i. p. 266. Hym. Eur, p. 187. Berk. Out. p. 141. C. Hbk. n. 242. Ilhist. PL 305. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 235. Var. lutescens with stem and often gills yellow. B. & Br. n. 676, yellow-stemmed var. C. Illust. PL 305. b. A. pyrrhospermus Bull. t. 547. /. '3. 414. A. spilopus B. & Br.— Pileus brown, rugulose. Stem flexuous, black-dotted. Dwarf. Allied to A. nanus. On stumps. Batheaston, 1880. Spores globose, even. B. 6s Br. ; 4 mk. W.P. Name — o-TriAo?, spot ; TTOUS, a foot. With spotted stem. B. &> Br. n. 1856. C. Illust. PL 325. *** Pileus naked, smooth. 415. A. leoninus Schasff.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (i^-3 in-) broad, yellow or lemon-yellow, very thin, somewhat membranaceous, fragile, campanulate then expanded, even, smooth, naked, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, solid, fragile, slightly attenuated upwards, sometimes thickened at the base, longitudinally striate, becoming whitish-light yellow. Gills free, white then flesh-colour, but for the most part becoming light yellow at the edge. Erect. Commonly taller and much handsomer in the typical state than the figures represent. Often confounded with the yellowish form of A. nanus. On wood. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Pileus often of the most brilliant orange. M.J.B. Name — leoninus, per- taining to a lion. Tawny. Schceff. f. 48. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 266. Hym. Eur. p. 188. Berk. Out. p. 142. /. 7./. 4. C. Hbk. n. 244. Illust. PL 421. Pers. Ic. descr. t. j.f. 4. 416. A. chrysophaBUS Schasff. — Pileus cinnamon, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, becoming even, naked, smooth and streaked, striate at the margin. Stem some- what hollow, smooth. Gills free, white then flesh-colour. The stature and substance are wholly those of A. leoninus, from which, how- ever, it differs constantly in the stem being fishtloso- hollow and less striate, and in \hepileus being dark cinnamon or pale umber, often black- streaked. HYPORHODII. IQI On wood, stumps, &c. Frequent. July-Oct. Pluteus. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) or more across, dingy. Stem white or yellowish, solid in my specimens. M.J.B. Spores 5 mk. W.P. Name— xpucros, gold ; aio?, dusky. Dingy-golden. Schceff. t. 253. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 188. Monogr. i. p. 266. Berk. Out. p. 142. t. /./ 5. C. Hbk. n. 245. Illust. PL 309. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 236. A. molliusculus Sow. t. 174. Grev. t. 173. 417. A. phlebophorus Dittm. — Pileus umber, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, wrinkled with veins, naked as well as the margin which is without striae. Stem fistulose, smooth, some- what incurved, shining. Gills free, white-flesh-colour. Appearing in the same localities as A. nanus, and very like it in all its parts. It does not differ except in the^f stulose shining stem, and in the pileus being naked (not pruinose), commonly reticulated with wrinkles. On rotten wood, sawdust, &c. Rare. July-Oct. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. The pits of the pileus are very deep, and the reticulations very distinct ; in our plant the stem is slightly flocculose. B. & Br. Spores subglobose, 9 mk. B. & Br. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. ; 5 x 7 mk. W.P. ; 6-8x5-6 mk. B. Name — $\ty, vein; <£e'po>, to carry. From the veined pileus. Dittm. Sturm, t. 15. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 188. Monogr. i. p. 267. Berk. Out. p. 142. B. & Br. n. 676*. C. Hbk. n. 246. Illust. PL 422. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 237. Var. reticulatus. C. Illust. PL 422. B. Subgenus XIII. ENTOLOMA (tints, within ; \S>^a, a fringe. Entoloma. Probably referring to the innate character of the pseudo-veil). Fr. Epicr. p. 143. Rosy-spored. No distinct veil. Stem fleshy or fibrous, soft, sometimes waxy. Pileus some- what fleshy, margin incurved. Hy- menophore continuous with the stem ; gills sinuato-adnexed behind or separ- ating. Spores, so far as they have been examined, angular. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 189. Entoloma is analogous with Tri- choloma and must be carefully separ- ated from Hebeloma. The species grow on the ground, and occur chiefly after heavy rain. They are not used as food, though many smell of new AYK Agaricus meal, as eSCUlent Species Often do. atus. One-sixth natural size. I. Genuini (typical species). Pileus fleshy, when full grown smooth, often viscid, but not hygrophanous, nor ever innato-floccose or squamulose. IQ 2 AGARICUS. Entoloma. II. Leptonidei (inclining to Leptonia). Pileus absolutely dry, but floccu- lose, somewhat scaly. III. Nolanidei (inclining to Nolanea). Pileus thin, for the most part scissile, hygrophanous, smooth, but with a silky appearance when dry. Com- monly irregular, pileus repand. I. — GENUINI. 418. A. sinuatus Fr. — Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) broad, becoming yellow-white, very fleshy, convex: then expanded, at first gibbous, at length depressed, repand and sinuate at the margin. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, stout, equal, compact, at first fibrillose, then smooth, naked, shining white. Grills emarginate, slightly adnexed, 12-18 mm. (}4-tf in.) broad, crowded, distinct, pale yellowish-rufescent. Gregarious, compact, handsome. Odour strong, pleasant, almost like that of burnt sugar, not of new meal. The pileus becomes broken into squamules when dry. There is a variety with a shorter stem. In mixed woods. Uncommon. July-Oct. The gills are often irregular in their attachment. Very poisonous ; produc- ing headache, swimming of the brain, stomach pains, vomiting, &c. Worth- ington Smith, who first experimented with it, ate about % oz., which very nearly proved fatal. Spores 9 mk. W.G.S. Name— sinuatus, waved. From the form of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 268. Hym. Eur. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 247. Illust. PL 310. S. My col. Scot. n. 238. A. sinuosus Saund. & Sm. t. n. 419. A. lividus Bull.— Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) and more broad, livid-tan, becoming pale, fleshy, somewhat compact at the disc, convex then plane, somewhat gibbous, dry, even, smooth, but as it were longitudinally fibrillose from the pellicle being fissile, equal (not repand). Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, somewhat hollow, or stuffed with a spongy pith, stout, equal, not fibrillose but slightly stri ate, pruinose at the apex, exter- nally rigid, internally spongy, shining white. Gills rounded, somewhat free, scarcely crowded, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, attenuated in front, whitish then flesh-colour. Odour mealy, but often obsolete. Allied to A. sinuatus, but sufficiently distinct. In woods. East Dereham, Norfolk. Oct. According to Quelet it is very poisonous. Name — lividus, livid colour. Bull. t. 382. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 269. Hym. Eur. p. 189. Icon. t. go. f. 3. B. &Br. n. 1935. C. Illust. PL 311. Quel. t. 6.f. i. Var. roseus Berk. C. Illust. PL 469. 420. A. prunuloides Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, whitish, becoming yellow or livid, fleshy, campanulate then con- HYPORHODII. 193 vex:, at length flattened, somewhat umbonate, unequal (but not Entoloma. repand), even, viscid, smooth, at length longitudinally rimose, at length slightly striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, fibrous-fleshy, solid, equal, even or slightly striate, smooth, naked, white. Gills somewhat free, emarginate, rarely rounded, at the first only slightly adnexed, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, crowded, ventricose, white then flesh-colour. Odour strong of new -meal, wholly that of A. prunulus. Very scattered in growth. Like A. lividus but very different, thrice as small. It differs entirely from A. cervinus. On the ground in woods. Uncommon. Autumn. Spores regularly 6-angled or one angle more marked, 8 mlc. B.; 9 mk. W. P. Name — like A. prunulus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 269. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 189. Icon. t. 91. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 248. Illust. PI. 312. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 239. 421. A. repandus Bull.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (T-2 in.) broad, 'whitish or ochraceous, striate with darker spots, fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, somewhat silky when dry, the incurved margin lobed. Stem curt, 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, silky, white. Gills broader in front, flesh-colour. Odour of new meal. Vernal according to Bulliard. Among grass. Rare. Sept. Spores irregular, stellate, studded with very large processes, 11x6 mk. and large urn-shaped cystidia. B. & Br. Fries formerly referred Bulliard's figure to A. repandus Fr., which is A.fibrosus Sow., a species of Inocybe. Berke- ley is still of his original opinion that Bulliard's plant is a true Entoloma. Name — repandus, bent backwards. From its form. Bull. t. 423. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 190. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 78. Out. p. 143. B. & Br. n. 676*. C. Hbk. n. 251. Illust. PL 313. 422. A. placenta Batsch.— Pileus 4 cent. (iX in.) broad, brown, fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate, orbicular, even, smooth, moist when damp ; flesh thin, becoming pale. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, wholly fibrous, equal, fibrilloso-striate, brown. Gills emarginato- adnexed, crowded, rather thick, whitish then pallid flesh-colour. Solitary, inodorous, taste at length acrid. Stem contorted according to Batsch. In hedgerows, &c. Rare. April-Oct. Name — placenta, a flat cake. Batsch f. 18. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 270. Hym. Eur. p. 190. Berk. Out. p. 143. B. & Br. n. 789, 1413*. C. Hbk. n. 249. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 240. 423. A. helodes Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, N 194 AGARICUS. Entoloma. varying cinereous, fuliginous and at the same time becoming purple, slightly fleshy, fragile, rather plane, tough, umbonate, often de- pressed round the umbo, even when moist, smooth, but often as if variegated with tiger-spots, the spreading margin sometimes slightly striate; flesh thin, pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fragile, hollow, rarely stuffed, equal or slightly thickened at the base, cinereous-fibrillose, becoming pallid ciner- eous. Gills obtusely adnate (in no wise decurrent with a tooth), or slightly sinuate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, distinct, somewhat distant, quaternate, white then flesh-colour. Pileus becoming fpale when old, but not hygrophanous. Odour of new meal, taste watery. On heathy pastures. Coed Coch. Name — e'Ao?, marsh. Growing in marshy places. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 270. Hym. Eur. p, 191. B. & Br. n. 790. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 250. Illust. PL 339. Var. PI. 373. 424. A. Batschianus Fr.— Pileus 1-4 cent. (X-iX m-) broad, dark fuscous, or fuliginous-black, viscid, shining when dry, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, at first slightly convex, scarcely umbonate, then depressed, even, smooth, margin at first mani- festly involute ; flesh of the same colour, white when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, mod- erately tough, but not cartilaginous, wholly fibrous, equal or slightly attenuated at both ends, slightly striate with adpressed fibrils, grey. Gills narrowed behind, but wholly adnexed at the apex, plane, crowded when young, when full grown somewhat distant, dingy whitish then cinereous or fuliginous. Odour obsolete. The spores are of a beautiful rose-colour, so that it is most certainly different from A. (Colly.} murinus. On the ground. Coed Coch, 1881. Oct. Spores rather irregular, 9 mk. B. & Br. Name — from Batsch who first figured the species as A. murinus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 270. Hym. Eur. p. 191. B. 6* Br. 1936. Illust. PI. 326. A. murinus Batsch f. 19 may be referred to this and to A. murinus alike. 425. A. Bloxami Berk.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more broad, blackish - blue, compact, campanulate, very obtuse, somewhat lobed, moist, slightly silky ; flesh very thick in the centre, white. Stem 4 cent. (\%. in.) long, 12 mm. (Y^ in.) thick, solid, slightly attenuated upwards, obtuse at the base, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills attenuated behind or slightly adnexed, moderately broad, pale pink. In open exposed pastures. Uncommon. OcL-Nov. HYPORHODII. 195 Spores irregular, subglobose, with a large globose nucleus. B. & Br. ; Entoloma. very brilliant pink orange, 8 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Rev. A. Bloxam. B. &> Br. n. 677. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 252. Illust. PL 327. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 241. Price/. 89. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 191. 426. A. ardosiacus Bull. — Pileus 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in-) broad, steel-blue-fuscous, becoming blackish when young, becoming ciner- eous when older, but not truly hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, cam- panulate then convex, obtuse, even, smooth, moist. Stem com- monly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose or hollow, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth but easily splitting into fibres, remarkably steel-blue, white at the base. Grills free, broad, ventricose, but attenuated behind, crowded, white or grey then flesh-colour. Inodorous. Pileus at length depressed. Stature very variable. It has occurred with the stem only 4 cent, (i^ m-) long> little exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, and the pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. In moist meadows. A doubtful native, introduced on the authority of Sibthorpe. M.J.B. Spores pretty regularly Dangled, 6-8 mk. B.; globose, irregular, 8 mk. Q. Name — ardosia (low Latin), a slate. Slate-coloured. Bull. t. 348. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 295. Hym. Eur. p. 191. Icon. t. 94. /. 4. Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n. 253. Illust. PL 328. 427. A. ameides B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5-6 cent. (1-2 X in.) broad, pale reddish-grey, irregular, broadly campanulate, thin, gibbous, polished in the centre ; margin white-flocculent, at length smooth, silky-shining, undulated. Stem stuffed, compressed, white- villous at the base, striate and fibrillose upwards, flocculent at the apex. Gills distant, slightly adnexed, wrinkled. Varying from hemispherical in smaller specimens to campanulate. Smell peculiar, resembling a mixture of orange-flower water and starch. The whole plant acquires a reddish tint in drying. Large specimens at first sight closely resemble Hygrophorus ovinus. In pastures. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire, 1863. Sept. Spores irregular. Name — starch-scented. 255. Illust. PL 341. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 192. Spores irregular. Name — starch-scented. B. dr3 Br. n. 999. C. Hbk. II.— LEPTONIDEI. 428. A. Saundersii Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, white, becoming fuscous when old, fleshy, campanulate then ex- panded, obtuse, repando-lobed, adpressedly tomentose. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (^ in.) thick, solid, equal, silky-fibrous, white. Gills slightly adnexed, broad, distant, reddish. 196 AGARICUS. Entoloma. Not hygrophanous ; widely removed from A. majalis ; rather allied to A, sinuatus, A. prunuloides, or A.fertilis. Pileus sprinkled with atoms of soil. On naked ground, and river sand. Rare. June. Name — after W. W. Saunders. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 192. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 30. C. lllust. PI. 306. A. majalis Saund. &> Sm. t. 46. 429. A. fertilis Berk. — Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) and more broad, pinkish-buff, fleshy, obtuse, dry, smooth, pulverulento-squamulose. Stem fibrillose, somewhat squamulose, somewhat bulbous. Gills adnexed, flesh-colour. Smell like that of new meal. Exactly the plant of Bulliard. In woods. Rare. Autumn. Name— -fertilis, prolific. Berk. Out. p. 142. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 193. C. lllust. PL 316. A. phonospermus Bull. t. 590, 547. /. i. 430. A. jubatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- C1-2 in-) and more broad, mouse-colour, not hygrophanous, somewhat fleshy, cam- panulate then expanded and flattened, umbonate, floccoso-scaly and fibrillose on the cuticle ; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus, and easily scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fleshy-fibrous, though rigid, fragile, hollow, equal, becoming fuscous, and clothed with fuliginous fibrils. Gills slightly adnexed, somewhat emarginate, easily separating, crowded, ventricose, at first dark fuliginous (not fuscous-grey), then becoming beautifully purple-fuliginous. Very distinguished ; not nearly allied to any. Inodorous. In old pastures and mossy places. Uncommon. July-Oct. According to Worthington Smith it grows in dense clusters, but I have never seen more than two or three growing together. Spores extremely ir- regular, 7x11 mk. IV.G.S. ; 10-12 mk. Q. Name — jubatus, maned or crested. From the fibrillose pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 272. Hym. Eur. p. 193. Icon. t. 92. /i. B. &> Br. n. 1224. C. Hbk. n. 256. lllust. PL 317. -5. Mycol. Scot. n. 242. 431. A. resutus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, becom- ing fuscous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat obtuse, never umbilicate, the whole densely fioccoso-scaly, sometimes with darker adpressed scales, sometimes becoming even, longitu- dinally fibrillose. Stem 4-5 cent. (i%-2 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, wholly fibrous, soft, stuffed, at length hollow, equal, externally polished, smooth, slightly striate, somewhat grey. Gills adnexed, very ventricose, almost free, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, somewhat plane, rather crowded, rather thick, grey, at the first darker. HYPORHODII. 197 Inodorous. The disc is darker as in Leptonice. The gills are reddish with Entoloma. the spores (never becoming purple). In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Oct. Name — resutus, ripped open, unstitched. From its longitudinally fibril- lose appearance. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 273. Hym. Eur. p. 193. Icon. t. 92. /. 2. B. &• Br. n. 1414. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 243. C. Illust. PI. 318. a. 432. A. griseo-cyaneus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, grey or inclining to lilac, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, cam- panulate then convex, obtuse, never depressed, wholly floccoso- scaly. Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, in no wise cartilaginous, but wholly fibrous, hollow, externally floc- coso-fibrillose, pallid then becoming azure-blue, sometimes wholly white. Gills adnexed, separating- free, ventricose, whitish then flesh-colour. White when young. In habit and colours it approaches the Leptonice and often grows along with these, but it is wholly soft, and sufficiently distinct from its fibrous stem. In pastures and open woods. Rare. Oct. Spores irregular, full of angles, 8-10 mk. K. Nzmz—griseus, grey ; cyaneus, dark blue. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 274. Hym. Eur. p. 193. Icon. t. 94. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1113. C. Hbk. n. 257. Illust. PL 318. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 244. 433. A. sericellus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (l/2 in.) or little more broad, white or becoming yellow-white, somewhat fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, and at length depressed, often unequal, dry, even, silky, at length becoming smooth, but often squamulose, the margin, which is at the first inflexed, floccose ; flesh thin, white, continuous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose, waxy rather than fibrous, equal, fibril- lose, white then becoming pale, at length somewhat polished, smooth. Gills at first adnate, even decurrent with a tooth, then separating and somewhat emarginate, very broad, slightly dis- tant, white then flesh-colour. Gregarious, small, thin, inodorous, changeable in its characters, but not in its habit. Most distinct and not allied to any other. A. sericeus Pers. (not Bull.) differs in its larger stature, its somewhat bulbous stem, its campan- ulate pileus, and crowded gills. In woods, and grassy banks. Frequent. July-Oct. According to Berkeley the stem is never fistulose, but I have found it some- what fistulose as described by Fries. Spores irregular, full of angles, hyaline, 8-10 or lo-n x8 mk. K. Name— sericeus, silky. Slightly silky. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 274. Hym. Eur. p. 194. Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n. 258. Illust. PI. 307. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 245. Quel. t. $.f. 5. A. inodorus Bull. t. 524. / 2. 198 AGARICUS. Entoioma. 434. A. Thompsonl B. & Br.— Pileus 3 to nearly 5 cent. (i%- 2 in.) broad, grey tomentose, plane, adorned with raised radiating ribs which form reticulations in the centre. Stem 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fibrillose, tomentose, paler than the pileus. Gills broad, flesh-colour. The structure seems entirely peculiar to this species, for the ribs are not like those of A. phlebophorus. Among grass in plantation. West Farleigh. Name— after Dr Thompson. B. & Br. n. 1523. C. Illust. PL 374. III. — NOLANIDEI. 435. A. clypeatus Linn. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, lurid when moist, when dry grey and variegated or streaked with darker spots or lines, fleshy, campanulate then flattened, umbonate, smooth, fragile; flesh thin, white when dry. Stem almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, at length hollow, wholly fibrotis, equal, round, fragile, longitudinally fibrillose, becoming cinereous, pulverulent at the very apex. Grills rounded-adnexed, separating-free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, ventricose, somewhat distant, dingy, then red-pulver- ulent with the spores, serrulated at the edge chiefly behind. It has occurred in May ceespitose ; better developed and solitary in the end of August. In woods, gardens, and waste places. Frequent. Spring, Autumn. Name—cfypeus, a shield. From its shape. Linn. Suec. n. 1216. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 275. Hym. Eur. p. 194. Berk. Out. p. 144. t. 7. f. 6 (small). C. Hbk. n. 259. Illust. PL 319. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 246. Hussey t. 42. A. phonospermus Bull. t. 544. Bolt. t. 69. Buxb. c. 4. t. 6. 436. A. rhodopolius Fr. — Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, hygrophanous, when moist fuscous (young) or livid, becoming pale (when full grown), when dry isabelline-livid, silky-shining, slightly fleshy, campanulate when young, then expanded and somewhat umbonate or gibbous, at length rather plane and some- times depressed, fibrillose when young, smooth when full grown, margin at the first bent inwards and when larger undulated ; flesh white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, hollow, equal when smaller, when larger attenuated up- wards and white-pruinate at the apex, otherwise smooth, slightly striate, white. Gills adnate then separating, somewhat sinuate, slightly distant, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, white then rose-colour. HYPORHODII. 199 Fragile, commonly large and often handsome, almost inodorous. Entoloma. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Smell like that of new meal. M.J.B. Spores irregular, angled, 6-10 mk. K. ; pretty regularly 6-angled, 8-10x6-8 mk. B. ; 7 mk. W.G.S. Name— poSov, rose ; TroAio?, grey. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 275. Hym. Eur. p. 195. Berk, Out. p. 145. C. Hbk. n. 260. Illust. PL 342. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 247. Bolt. t. 6. Fl. Dan. t. 1736. Krombh. t. 55.7. 17-22. 437. A. majalis Fr.— Pileus when flattened 4-6 cent. (i%-2% in.) broad, somewhat cinnamon, ochraceous-pale yellow when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, scissile, campanulate then convex, some- what umbonate, somewhat fragile, smooth, even ; at the margin repand, easily rimoso-incised. Stems 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, often connate at the base,y£y/z// Br. n. 1937. A. sericeus Pers. Icon. & descr. t. 6. f. 2. 442. A. nidorosus Fr.— Pileus as much as 7.5 cent (3 in.) broad, fawn-cinereous when fresh, livid when dry, somewhat membranaceous (composed of two thin plates), convex then expanded, and at length often concave and irregularly shaped, rimose, very fragile, wholly smooth, but silky shining when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, almost solid, wholly equal, smooth, even, becoming pale-white, white-pruinose at the apex. Gills emarginato-free, broad (6 mm., 3 lin., and more), at length distant, fragile, pallid then flesh- colour, sometimes undulato-flexuous. Fragile, with a strong alkaline smell, but it also occurs inodorous. Much thinner than A. rhodopolius, which is somewhat like it. On lawns, and in open woods. Common. Aug.-Sept. Spores elliptic. M.J.B. ; irregular, full of angles, 7-10 mk. K. ; 8-10x7-8 mk. B. ; 8 mk. W.G.S. Name — nidor, smell. Strong-smelling. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 278. Hym. Eur. p. 196. Icon. t. 94. / 2. Berk. Out. p. 145. C. Hbk. n. 264. Illust. PI. 321. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 250. 443. A. speculum Fr. — Pileus when moist watery or straw- white, silvery when dry, in either state shining and without a silky appearance, hygrophanous, almost membranaceous or composed of two scissile membranes, pellucid when moist, at first convex, soon flattened and depressed, but the disc is also obtusely and obsoletely umbonate, even, very smooth, margin thin, bent in- wards, flexuous, pellucid-striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, smooth, round when young, then compressed, shining. Gills slightly adnexed, broadly emarginate near the stem, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, very ventri- cose, flaccid, the shorter ones narrower, white then flesh-colour, the edge, which is quite entire, becoming fuscous. Very fragile, inodorous, becoming wholly pale-white. Primary form some- what csespitose, thinner, pileus repand, obtuse; another solitary, firmer, pileus regular, depressed round the obtuse umbo. On the ground among grass, &c. Coed Coch, 1881, &c. Oct. Spores irregular, 13 mk. B. dr" Br. Name — speculum, a mirror. From its shining appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 278. Hym. Eur. p. 197. Icon. t. 95. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1938. C. Illust. PI. 308. Batt. t. 20. /. D— F. 202 AGARICUS. Ciitopilus. Stibgenus XIV. CLITOPILUS (K\ITOS = K\ITVS, a declivity ; , a cap). Fr. Epicr. p. 148. Rosy-spored. Stem fleshy or fibrous, diffused upwards into the pi- leus, the margin of which is at first involute. Hymenophore continuous with the stem; gills equally attenuated behind and somewhat decurrent, not separating or sinuate. Growing on the ground, often strong-smelling, pi- leus more or less depressed or umbil- icate, with a similarly coloured um- bilicus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 197. Ciitopilus corresponds with Clito- cybe, and differs from Entoloma as Clitocybe differs from Tricholoma. I. Orcelli (A. Orcella). Gills deeply decur- XV. Agaricus (Ciitopilus) prunu- rent. Pileus irregular, somewhat excentric, lus. One-third natural size. flexuous, scarcely hygrophanous, margin at first flocculose. II. Sericelli (slightly silky). Pileus regular, silky or hygrophanous-silky, margin involute, naked. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent. I. — ORCELLI. 444. A. prunulus Scop.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, white or more rarely becoming cinereous, truly fleshy, compact, convex then flattened, and at length depressed and repand or unequal, delicately pruinate, hence the surface is unpolished and dry; flesh thick, white, unchangeable. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, about 12 mm. (y2 in.) thick, solid, firm, somewhat ventricose, naked, often striate, white, villous at the base. Gills deeply decurrent, attenuated at both ends and chiefly behind, somewhat distant, quite entire, white then flesh-colour. The pileus is always firm, never viscid, and not zoned or spotted. The gills are less crowded than those of A. Orcella. Odour pleasant, of new meal. There is a white variety (Quel. t. 5. f. 3 and Orcella/". 2), which forms a connecting link with A. Orcella. A. prunulus Viviani t. 3 represents A. graveolens. In woods and open ground. Common. July-Oct. It has been reckoned among the most delicious of edible species, and it has the advantage of appearing early in the season. It may also be dried and preserved for future use. It is easily distinguished by the pure pink gills run- ning a considerable way down the stem, and by its fragrant scent of fresh meal. It never appears anywhere in profusion. Spores 10-16 x 6 mk. K.; 12-14x4-6 mk. B.; 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Na.me—prunus, plum. Scop. Cam. ii. p. 437. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 279. Hym. Eur. p. 197. Sverig. alt. Sv. t. 19. HYPORHODII. 203 Berk. Out. p. 145. t. 7. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 265. Illust. PI. 322. 5. Mycol. Clitopilus. Scot. n. 251. Hussey ii. /. 47. A. albellus Schceff. t. 78. A. pallidus Sow. t. 143. A. Sowerbei Krombh. t. 55. /. 7, 8. * A. Orcella Bull. — Pileus becoming yellow-white, fleshy, soft, piano-depressed, at the first irregular, slightly silky, somewhat viscid when moist. Stem curt, solid, flocculose, thickened upwards. Gills deeply decurrent, crowded, whitish-flesh-colour. It differs from A. prunulus, but not in habit and structure. Commonly smaller ; pileus thinner, often spotted and zoned, margin at length undulato- lobed ; the softer flesh unchangeable. Stem often excentric. Gills more crowded. Odour wholly that of A. prunulus ; growing in troops. In open grassy ground. Frequent. July-Oct. Its lobed and undulated pileus makes it resemble Cantharellus cibarius in outline. Edible and delicate in flavour. Spores 9x4 mk. W. G.S. Bull. I. 573- /• J. 591- Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 197. Monogr. i. p. 280. Sverig. alt. Sv. t. 20. Worth. Sm. Trans. Woolh. Club, 1869, fig. C. Hbk. n. 265. Illust. PL 323. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 252. Badh. i. /. 13. ii. t. n./. 1-2. Vittad. t. 12. f. 2. Ventur. t. 14.7. 1-3. A. obesus Batschf. 216. Batt. t. 39. A. B. t 445. A. mundulus Lasch.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, becoming pale-white, then spotted cinereous, at length becoming black, fleshy, thinj when young convex and somewhat gibbous with an involute margm,floccoso-soft, soon flattened and depressed, unequal, repand and often excentric, even or rivulose ; flesh soft, white. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, floccoso-villous then becoming smooth, white-villous at the base, at length becoming black internally. Gills deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow, thin, with many shortened ones intermixed, pallid. Closely related to A. prunulus, but most evidently distinct. When young slightly tough. Odour obsolete; taste bitter, by which it is well distinguished from A. prunulus, &c. In var. nigrescens the whole flesh becomes black. Lasch n. 521. In woods among leaves. Uncommon. Spores 8-11x4-5 mk. B. Name — mundus, neat, elegant. Lasch n. 518. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 280. Hym. Eur. p. 198. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n. 267. Illust. PL 375. A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 253. A. alutaceus Batschf. 119. Battar. t. i6./ F. 446. A. popinalis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in-) broad, cin- ereous, here and there mottled with guttate spots, slightly fleshy, flaccid, convex then depressed, somewhat repand, smooth, opaque; flesh whitish-grey, unchangeable. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, often flexuous, naked, paler than the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, broader than the flesh of the pileus, lanceolate, crowded, dark grey, at length red- dish with the spores. 204 AGARICUS. Clitopilus. Solitary or gregarious, with a pleasant smell of new meal. On downs. Worthing, 1865. Oct. A curious species, probably esculent. B. dr5 Br. Name—popina, a cook- shop. Referring to its edible qualities. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 280. Hym. Eur. p. 198. Icon. t. 96. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1114. C. Hbk. n. 268. Illust. PI. 485. 447. A. undatus Fr.— Pileus about 4 cent, (\y2 in.) broad, fuliginous cinereous, becoming pale (not hygrophanous) and slightly silky-opaque when dry, slightly fleshy t fragile, deeply um- bilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, unequal, undulated, without striae. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, often very short, al- most 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, entirely fibrous, hollow, unequal, com- pressed, somewhat attenuated at the base and covered downwards with whitish pubescence. Gills deeply decurrent, not crowded, distinct, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, quite entire, dark cinereous. Pileus often somewhat zoned. Odour none. A most distinct species, with the rubiginous spores of Claudopus, In open downs. Batheaston, &c. Oct. Spores subsphaeroid, irregular, subhyaline, 6-8 mk. K.; 6 mk. W.G.S. ; polygonal, 13 mk. Q. Name— undo, to swell in waves. Waved. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 281. Hym. Eur. p. 199. Icon. t. 96. f. 4. B. dr" Br. n. 1000. C. Hbk. n. 269. Illust. PL 486. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 22. 448. A. cancrinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish- tan or wholly white, becoming pale, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, somewhat membranaceous, at first convex with the margin involute, then rather plane, very irregularly shaped and at length broken into cracks, without striae, rather smooth, but without a cuticle, and therefore becoming flocculoso-even, never slightly viscid or zoned ; flesh not scissile, white, hyaline at the gills. Stem curt, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, white, stuffed or fistulose, sometimes straight, sometimes ascend- ing, round or compressed, equal or when smaller thickened at the apex, smooth. Gills truly decurrent, distant, distinct, broader near the stem, 3 mm. (\yz lin.) broad, rather thick, arcuate when young, "straight when the pileus is flattened, white then flesh- colour. Inodorous, with the habit of A. sericellus. The white down (mycelium) at the base gathers the soil into a ball. In grass fields. Apethorpe. Aug. Name — cancer, a lattice, a network of crossed laths. From the chinky appearance of the pileus when broken into cracks. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 281. Hym. Eur. p. 199. Icon. t. 95. /. 4. B. &> Br. n. 1115. C. Hbk. n. 270. Illust. PL 501. HYPORHODII. 205 449. A. cretatus B. & Br.— Pileus 6-18 mm.(#-^ in.) broad, of a dead white, but shining, membranaceous, at first convex then umbilicate, not striate, margin involute. Stem very short, a few lines long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, often curved at the base and sometimes thickened, tomentose especially below, white. Gills very decurrent, narrow, rose-colour. Mycelium white, floccose. Single or gregarious. Closely allied to A. prun- ulus, but apparently constant. On naked soil in woods and pastures. Uncommon. Spores 7x3 mk. W.P. Name—creta, chalk. Chalky- white. B. & Br. n. 903. C. Hbk. n. 266. Fr, Hym. Eur. p. 199. C. Illust. PL 375. B. . II.— SERICELLI. 450. A. carneo-albus With. White.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, orbicular, even, slightly silky, somewhat disc-shaped. Stem stuffed, hollow, unequal, fibroso-striate. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, white then flesh-colour. Disc at length depressed, rufescent. Inodorous, gregarious. In heathy places. Rare. Sept. Pileus white, polished, centre rather depressed, edge turned down, about an inch over ; stem solid, white, cylindrical, about an inch high, thick as a crow-quill ; gills decurrent, salmon-coloured, mostly in pairs, narrow, not crowded. With. Spores angled. Fr. ; 7 mk. W.P. Name — caro, flesh ; albus, white. With. iv. p. 170. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 200. Monogr. i. p. 282. Kalchbr. Hung. t. T.'Z.f. 2. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 69. C. Illust. PI. 324. a. 451. A. vilis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, grey, some- what membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, soft, when dry silky- fibrillose, opaque. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, fistulose, equal, somewhat tough, but fib- roso-fissile, of the same colour as the pileus, fibrilloso-striate (not, however, flocculoso-fibrillose), white-villous at the base. Gills piano - decurrent or adnate with a decurrent tooth, in no wise sinuate, nearly triangular, crowded, almost extending beyond the margin of the pileus, whitish. Habit almost that of A. pascuus, but the form is plainly different. Among moss, &c. Leigh Down. Aug. Name — vilis, of small value. From its trivial appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 282. Hym. Eur. p. 200. C. Illust. PI. 487. 452. A. stilbo-cephalus B. & Br. — Pileus campanulate, ob- tuse, and sometimes umbonate, hygrophanous, when dry whitish, 206 AGARICUS. Clitopilus. somewhat silky, sparkling, margin straight. what equal, undulato-fibrous, silky. Gills sometimes emarginate behind, veined. Stem hollow, some- broad, adnate, and Ascot. Name — ortAjSw, to glisten ; xe^aArj, head. Br. n. 1758. C. Illust. PL 324. b. From the sparkling pileus. B. Leptonia. Subgenus XV. LEPTONIA (\«rnfe, slender). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 201. Rosy-spored. Stem cartilaginous, tubular (the tube stuffed or hollow), polished, somewhat shining. Pileus thin, umbilicate or with a darker disc, cuticle fibrillose or separating into darker scales, margin at first incurved. Gills at first adnexed or adnate, but readily separating. Fr. Hym. Ettr. p. 201. The Leptonice are related to the Clito- pili as the Collybice are to the Clitocybce. The species are small, elegant, brightly coloured, inodorous (except A. inca- nus], and abound in rainy weather. Gregarious or growing in troops ; on the ground, commonly on dry mossy pastures, but also in marshy places. XVI. Agaricus (Leptonia) lam- propus. One-half natural size. Gills whitish. Pileus slightly without striae, not hygrophanous. Gills at the first azure-blue or slightly dark-blue. Gills becoming fuscous- or dark-purple. Gills pallid. Becoming pale, yellow or green. Hygrophanous, pileus somewhat striate. fleshy, *** **** ***** Gills grey or glaucous. * Gills whitish, &c. 453. A. placidus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate then convex, obtuse, without striae, disc densely villous and blackish, otherwise at the very first squamulose on the cinereous-whitish ground with fulig- inous-black fibrils, sometimes at the first flocculose, becoming grey -azure -blue, then with dark concentric scales on a white ground. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, very rigid, smooth, but white-pruinose and under a lens black-dotted at the somewhat thickened apex, otherwise even, HYPORHODII. 207 smooth, dark azure-blue or black-blue. Gills annexed, very broad Leptonia. behind, plane, crowded, whitish, edge of the same colour. Variable. Commonly solitary. .The form in which the pileus is variegated with darker, here and there concentric scales is larger. Around beech-trunks. Downton, 1880. Autumn. , placid. Pleasing. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 284. Hym. Eur. p. 201. Icon. t. 97. /. i. C. Illust. PI. 330. 454. A. lappula Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in-) broad, grey, somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, convexo-plane, umbilicate, with- out strias, at the first flocculoso-soft, when full grown roughish with short erect fibrils, which become black, and which are crowded towards the centre (rendering it darker), hence the grey pileus appears black-dotted. Stem 4-5 cent. (l#-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, very fistulose, equal, moderately tough, under a lens striate and black-dotted upwards, fuscous-lilac or dark purple, white-villous at the base. Gills at first adnate with a small tooth, when full grown separating, plane, very broad (ovate in form), crowded, distinct, quaternate, white-grey. Inodorous. Among beech-leaves. Forres. Autumn. Name — lappa, a bur. From the prickly pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 285. Hym. Eur. p. 202. Icon. t. 97. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1225. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 254- 455. A. lampropus Fr. — Pileus mouse -colour or steel-blue then fuliginous-grey (changing colour but not hygrophanous), somewhat fleshy, convex then expanded (not campanulate), obtuse and at length depressed, when young rather even (never striate) then more or less squamulose. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i>£ in-) long, rather thick, 4 mm. (2 lin.), fistulose, wholly cartilaginous, smooth, even, not dotted, becoming azure-blue, commonly steel-blue-viola- ceous. Gills adnate, readily separating, then free, ventricose, whitish then slightly rose-colour. The pileus when fresh is opaque, continuous, neither umbilicate nor papil- late. Very different from A. asprellus which may be easily taken for it ; in A. asprellus the stem is slender, the membranaceous pileus hygrophanous, striate when moist, the heterogeneous umbilicus darker, the gills grey. A. glaucus Bull. t. 521 differs in habit, in the slender stem, the striate pileus, &c., but it cannot be referred to any other. The colour is not glaucous. In pastures. Common. July-Nov. Spores irregular, 5-7 angled, 10-14 x 6-8 mk. B. Name — Aojuurpos, shining ; TTOUS, foot. From the shining stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 285. Hym. Eur. p. 202. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n. 275. Illust. PL 331. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 255. 208 AGARICUS. Leptonia. 456. A. sethiops Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (K-1 inO broad, black then fuliginous, slightly fleshy, piano -depressed, without striae, streaked with fibrils, smooth however, shining. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, slender, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat stuffed, smooth, fuscous-blackish, black-dotted upwards. Gills ad- nexed or adnate, sometimes linear, sometimes ventricose, whitish, edge which is of the same colour quite entire. The pileus is not hygrophanous, but when young and dried is shining black. It differs from A. lampropus in the pileus, which is at the first depressed, and the stem being thinner, the former becoming smooth and shining, the latter black-dotted. It differs from A. serrulatus, to which it is certainly nearest, in the absence of an umbilicus, and in the gills in no wise becoming dark-blue and being quite entire and of the same colour at the edge. In grassy places in woods. Killin, 1876, &c. Sept. Spores irregularly 6-angled, 10-13 x 8 mk. B. Name — Al0io^, an Ethiopian. Black. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 286. Hym. Eur. p. 202. Icon. t. 97. / 3. B. & Br. n. 1649. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 256. C. Illust. PL 332. a. 457. A. solstitialis Fr. — Pileus becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, at length depressed, papillate in the centre, slightly wrin- kled, obsoletely innato -fibrillose. Stem somewhat fistulose, smooth, not dotted, smoke-colour. Gills emarginate, broad, whit- ish, of the same colour at the edge. It differs from A. cethiops in its papillate, slightly wrinkled, fuscous pileus, and its smoke-coloured, not dotted stem. Among stones and on grassy ground. Loch Kinord, &c. Aug.- Sept. Spores very irregular, 6-angled, 12-18x6-8 mk. B. Name — solstitium. From the summer solstice. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 202. Monogr. \. p. 286. B. & Br. n. 1226. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 257. C. Illust. PL 332. b. Kalchbr. t. 12. /. 3. ** Gills at the first azure-blue or slightly dark-blue. 458. A. serrulatus Pers.— Pileus at first blackish-blue (shin- ing when dried), fuliginous when old, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicato-depressed, without striae, squamulose. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, somewhat fistulose, equal, smooth, paler than the pileus, black- dotted at the apex, white -woolly at the base. Gills adnate, in the form of a segment, broad in the middle, bluish-grey-whitish, with a black serrulated edge, at length grey-flesh-colour. The stem varies black, azure-blue, bluish-grey, glaucous, and grey. The pileus is black and shining when scorched by the sun, but fuliginous and slightly striate in moist weather. In damp groves it is paler and black- streaked. There is a thinner variety with the stem smooth and grey-fuscous, HYPORHODII. 209 the pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, umbilicate, slightly striate, fuligi- Leptonia. nous then grey, the darker umbilicus scarcely fibrillose, and the gills paler, and whitish at the base. In pastures and grassy woods. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores subellipsoid-sphaeroid, irregular, much angled, 9-10x7-8 mk. K. ; 10-12 x 6-8 mk. B. Name — serrula, a saw. From the toothed edge of the gills. Pers. Syn. i. 463. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 286. Hym. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n. 276. Illust. PL 333. S. MycoL Scot. n. 258. Holmsk. Ot. 2. /. 38. — Var. expallens. A. columbinus Bull. t. 413. /. i. 459. A. euchrous Pers.— Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first violaceous, at length purple-fuliginous, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, without striae, squamuloso - fibrillose. Stem about 4 cent. (i>£ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, smooth, naked, even (not dotted}, tough, dark viola- ceous. Gills adnate, very ventricose, plane, dark violaceous, but becoming pale, the edge which is quite entire retaining the darker colour. Solitary or gregarious, according to Persoon caespitose. On trunks and stumps, alder, &c. Rare. Oct. I have found several specimens growing together in a caespitose manner. The colour is very fine, intense blue-violet with a tendency to deepen into purplish violet. Spores very irregular, 5-6 angled, iox6-8mk. B. Name — eu, well; xpw?, colour. Finely-coloured. Pers. Syn. p. 343. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 287. Hym. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n. 277. Illust. PL 334. S. MycoL Scot. n. 259. b. csespitosus B. dr1 Br. n. 791. 460. A. chalybceus Pers.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark violaceous or blackish blue, slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat umbonate, without striae, at the first flocculose, then squamulose. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, stuffed, slightly firm, smooth, even (not black-dotted), dark blue. Gills adnate, crowded, broad, ventricose, bluish-grey-whitish, somewhat paler at the edge. The habit is that of A. lampropus, but it is very different in its entire struc- ture, its thin stem, and the colour of the pileus and gills. In pastures. Frequent. July-Oct. Name — \oXv^f, steel. From its steel-blue colour. Pers. Syn. p. 343. Ic. pict. t. 4./. 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 287. Hym. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 278. Illust. PL 335. S. MycoL Scot. n. 260. Krombh. t. 2./. ii, 12. A. columbinus Sow. t. 161. 461. A. lazulinus Fr. — Pileus becoming black -fuliginous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded and ob- tuse, striate, at first smooth, then more expanded and obsoletely O 2IO AGARICUS. Leptonia. umbilicate, rimoso-squamulose. Stem cartilaginous, fistulose, smooth, even, dark blue, white-woolly at the base. Gills adnate, separating, pallid deep blue, equally attenuated from the stem to the margin of the pileus, edge of the same colour. Gregarious, fragile. Its stature approaches nearer to A. asprellus than to A. chalybceus, with which it is often confounded : allied to Nolanece. There are two remarkable forms, one with the pileus at first black blue, the other date-brown-mouse-colour, with darker disc. On the ground among grass. Aber, 1867. Sept. Name — from Lapis lazuli, ultramarine. From the colour of the stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 288. Hym. Eur. p. 203. B. &•= Br. n. 1227. **** Gills pallid, &*£. 462. A. incanus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.), variegated fuscous and green, becoming cinereous when dry, somewhat membran- aceous, fragile, convex then expanded, umbilicate, striate, smooth, slightly silky when dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, even, smooth, green or fuscous-green, neither pruinose nor rough-dotted at the apex. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, at length separating, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad at the middle, plane, distant, whitish- green, then flesh-colour. The pileus is more rarely fibrillose at the disc. Gregarious. According to Secretan the stem varies azure-blue. In pastures. Frequent. July-Sept. The stem often with beautiful verdigris-coloured down at the base. Smell exactly like that of mice. M.J.B. Spores 8 mk. W.G.S.; oval. M.J.B. Name — incanus, grey, hoary. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 289. Hym. Eur. p. 204. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 279. Illust. PI. 336. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 261. A. murinus Sow. t. 162. 463. A. formosus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, yellow- wax- colour, sprinkled over with minute fuscous squamules or fibrils, somewhat membranaceous, slightly tough, convex then plane, umbilicate, striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, somewhat fistulose, but internally stuffed with soft white flocci, equal, even, smooth, shining, yellow. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, somewhat distant, light vellow-pallid, then flesh-colour, edge quite entire, of the same colour. The minute squamules on the pileus give it the appearance of being blown upon with soot. Very much allied to A. asprellus. Among Equisetum. Scarborough. Sept. HYPORHODII. 211 Name—formos2*s, finely formed, handsome. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289. Hym. Leptonia. Eur. p. 204. A. suavis Lasch n. 285 (var. stem becoming azure-blue). C. Illust. PI. 488. 464. A. chloropolius Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, livid, black - squaimilose in the centre, membranaceous, convex then flattened (margin at first inflexed), striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, rigid, smooth, bluish-grey-green. Gills adnate, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, whitish, edge of the same colour. Allied to A. asprellus, from which it differs only in the colour, which, how- ever, is constant. In grassy places. Cabalva, 1879. Oct. Spores irregularly 6-angled, 12-14x6-8 mk. B. ; polygonal, 12 mk. Q. Name — \^<*p6<>, pale green ; 770X165, grey. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 297. Hym. Eur. p. 205. C. Illust. PL 337. ***** GUIs grey or glaucous, &c. 465. A. asprellus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in.) broad, hygrophanous, at first fuliginous or mouse-colour, then livid-grey, somewhat membranaceous, convex then flattened, the darker umbilicus villous at length squamulose, marked with spots, striate, sometimes (the disc excepted) smooth, sometimes fibrillose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose, thin, equal, tense and straight, even, smooth, typically livid, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, separating-free, somewhat distant, plane, equally attenuated from the stem towards the margin, whitish-grey, the edge, which is quite entire, of the same colour. The stem varies fuscous, green, and azure-blue. In some larger specimens the pileus is squamulose throughout. In open pastures and grassy places. Uncommon. Name — asper, rough. From the roughish pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289. Hym. Eur. p. 205. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 280. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 262. Quel. p. 89. t. 6. / 4. 466. A. nefrens Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, hygro- phanous, fuliginous then livid-grey, membranaceous, campanulate then flattened, striate, obsoletely fibrillose, with a deep darker umbilicus and at length infundibuliform. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, fragile, equal, smooth, some- what naked, fuscous-livid. Gills adnexed, separating, broad, pallid grey, the edge slightly black but entire. Pileus somewhat undulated. Certainly nearest to A. serrulatus in affinity. It approaches A. serrulatus as A. asprellus approaches A. chalyboeus. 212 AGARICUS. Leptonia. In grassy places. Ascot. Name— ne, not ; frendo, to bite. From the edge of the gills being without teeth. Contrasted with A. serrulatus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 290. Hym. Eur. p. 205. B. 6" Br. n. 1759. Krombh, t. 2. /. 22 ? XVII. Agaricus (Noianea) pas- cuus. One-third natural size. Noianea. Subgenus XVI. NOLANEA (nola, a little bell). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 204. Rosy-spored. Stem fistulose, the tube more rarely stuffed with a pith, cartilaginous. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, somewhat papillate, stri- ate and sometimes even, sometimes also clothed with flocci, margin straight and at the first pressed to the stem, and not involute. Gills free or adfixed and not decurrent. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 206. Noianea agrees with Leptonia and Eccilia among the pink-spored spe- cies. It corresponds with Mycena, Galera, and Psathyra. Several En- tolomata are nearly allied. The spe- cies are thin and slender, commonly inodorous and fragile, though some of them are tough. Growing on the ground in summer and autumn. * Gills grey or fuscous. Pileus dark-coloured, hygrophanous. ** Gills becoming yellow, or rufescent. *** Gills shining white then rosy. Hygrophanous. **** Gills whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous. * Gills grey or fuscous, &*c. 467. A. pascuus Pers.— Pileus from scarcely 2.5 to 7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, fuliginous when moist, hoary or becoming pale fawn when dry, membranaceous, somewhat acute, conical then expanded, but not flattened, commonly umbonate, smooth, striate when moist, even, silky-shining when dry. Stem commonly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick (sometimes com- pressed), fistulose, soft, equal, silky-fibrous or when more fully grown fibrillose, striate, commonly pallid fuliginous. Gills very much attenuated behind, almost free, thin, crowded, ventricose or rather broader and obtuse towards the margin, grey or whitish- fuliginous, sprinkled but not coloured with the rosy spores. HYPORHODII. 213 Very protean and changeable. Always watery (moist) and very fragile, in- Nolane; odorous, of a dirty colour, nearest to A. sericeus. Easily distinguished from others by \\sfibrous although slender and rigid stem. Colour various : fulig- inous, fuscous, livid-isabelline, pallid-brick, &c. Among numerous forms the following is to be noted, frequent in moist pine woods in summer : pileus com- monly obtuse, striate, brick-colour then becoming pale ; stem long, slender, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.), tense and straight, longitudinally fibrillose ; gills almost adnate, linear, narrow, ascending, crowded, pallid. In pastures and open woods. Common. May-No v. Stem splitting into fibres. Spores irregular, angled, 7-11 mk. K. ; with 4 or 5 blunt angles, 8-12 mk. B. ; 6x 10 mk. W.G.S. Nzme—pascuus, of pas- ture. Pers. Comm. in Schceff. t. 229 (not Syn.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 292. Hym. Eur. p. 206. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 281. Illust. PI. 376. S. MycoL Scot. n. 263. Buxb. C. 4. /. 21. /. i. Batt. t. 25. E.—Bolt. t. 35. 468. A. Babingtonii Blox.— Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (l/2 in.) broad, cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark-brown subfasciculate fibres, which are free at one end, conico-campanu- late ; disc subsquamulose, margin straight. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, fistulose, clothed with dark-brown down, substrigose. Gills adnate, ventricose, distant, cinereous, darker at the base. Gills glittering with little points, (the white antheridia). The form of the spores is peculiar, resembling that of some Eunotia, oblong, ventricose on the outer side, rather irregular, sometimes with a distinct septum. In wood. Rare. Oct.-Nov. Name— after C. C. Babington. Blox.—B. &> Br. n. 680. PI. xv./. i, 903*. Berk. Out. p. 148. C. Hbk. n. 284. Illust. PL 377. a. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 207. 469. A. mammosus Linn. — Pileus umber or fuliginous when moist, isabelline-silky when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, conico - campanulate, papillate, rarely obtuse, striate, smooth. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, rigid, fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, tense and straight, slightly thickened and white-mealy at the apex, otherwise pol- ished, even, very smooth, fuliginous-livid. Gills adnexed, separ- ating-free, ventricose, not crowded, but only slightly distant, grey, then hoary-rose-colour. Odour peculiar. At first sight it resembles A. sericeus, with which it was joined by Bulliard (/. 526), but it is remarkably different. Often in company with Hygrophorus conicus. It varies in woods with the stem compressed and the gills pure rose-colour. On lawns. Coed Coch, 1872, &c. Sept. Spores irregular, angled, globose, 7-10 mk. K. ; mostly 5-angled, 12-14 x 8 mk. B. Name — mamma, a breast. From its shape, and being papillate. Linn. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 293. Hym. Eur. p. 207. Icon. t. 98. /. 4 (thinner form). B. & Br. n. 1343. C. Illust. PL 377. b. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 22. Batschf. 5. Bull. t. 526 (under A. sericeus}. 214 AGARICUS. Noianea. 470. A. junceus Fr.— Pileus not 2. 5 cent, (i in.) broad, fulig- inous when fresh, livid when dry, hygrophanous, wholly mem- branaceous, conical then campanulate, very obtuse or umbilicate and somewhat squamulose at the disc, striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose, slender, equal, round or compressed, even, smooth, fuscous, then livid-fuscous. Gills ascending, adnexed, separating, somewhat distant, oblong, grey. Pileus becoming black and shining when scorched by the sun. Fragile, in- odorous ; stature that of A.filopes. It varies in a singular manner with the pileus papillate-cuspidate. In wood. Caernarvonshire. Oct. Spores pretty regularly 6-angled, often with one larger angle, 10-12 mk. B. Name — juncus, a rush. Growing in rushy marshes. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 294. Hym. Eur. p. 207. Icon. t. 99. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1116. C. Hbk. n. 285. 471. A. fulvo-strigosus B. & Br.— Pileus 18 mm. (|^ in.) broad, 12 mm. (% in.) high, grey, conical, slightly wrinkled. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, furfuraceo-squamu- lose, clothed at the base with rigid red hairs, and tinted with the same colour above. Gills adnate, grey. The peculiar character of the strigas separates this from all other species. On the ground in wood. East Farleigh, 1876. Sept. Spores 13 x 9 mk. B. & Br. Name—fulvus, tawny ; strlgosus, strigose. From the peculiar strigose stem. B. & Br. n. 1650. ** Gills becoming yellow, or rufescent. 472. A. pisciodorus Ces. — Pileus 1-4 cent. (#-i}4 in.) long, tawny-cinnamon, somewhat membranaceous, conical then cam- panulate, then convex, obsoletely umbonate, "velvety -soft. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2% in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat fis- tulose, tough, very thinly pruinate, chestnut-brown then becoming black, paler at the apex, somewhat velvety. Gills slightly adnexed, pale yellowish then flesh colour, at length slightly tawny. Smell of rotten fish. Among decayed leaves, &c. Frequent. Oct. I have failed to detect any difference between this and A. cucumis. On ex- amining many specimens of A . cucumis, growing together, so that they were under exactly similar conditions of soil, &c., I found the spores shading from brown to pink. The odour changed from being fishy at first to that of cucum- ber as the plant dried. The colour, moreover, varied. Name— piscis, fish ; odor, smell. Cesati in Crypt. Ital. i. /. 61. t. 3. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 208. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vol. vi. p. 214. C. lllust. PL 378. a. HYPORHODII. 215 473. A. rufo-carneus Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, red- Noianea. brown, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical, umbilicate, indistinctly fibrilloso-squamulose, margin striate. Stem 6 cent. (2^ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, incurved at the base where it is slightly thickened, pale rufous, nearly white above, smooth, under a lens minutely fibrillose. Gills adnate, ventricose, attenuated behind, slightly connected and traversed by veins, rose-colour. Taste rather bitter. Spores elliptic. On grassy heaths. Frequent. Sept. Name — rufus} reddish ; caro, flesh. Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 82. Out. p. 148. C. Hbk. n. 282. Illust. PL 378. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 264. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 208. Grevillea, t. TJ.f- 2. 474. A. icterinus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (X-1 m-) and more broad, light yellow-green, more rarely yellowish -honey-colour, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membrana- ceous, slightly firm, campanulate soon convex, even wholly reflexed, but never umbilicate, pellucid-striate, smooth, opaque, slightly silky when dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, rigid, mealy sometimes wholly sometimes at the apex, of the same colour as the pileus, but sometimes fuscous. Gills adnexed, separating, ventricose, distant, pallid, saffron- yellow when rotting. The pileus is sometimes here and there sprinkled with superficial flocci ; when luxuriant it is undulated and changeable in form ; disc sometimes obtuse, sometimes papillate, often fuscous and here and there fuscous-squam- ulose. The stem is sometimes compressed and then 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. In cultivated ground the gills vary free and decurrent, distinct and connected by veins, even crisped and anastomosing. In woods and gardens. Edensor. Oct. Spores 10-12x8 mk. B. Name — i/crepo?, jaundice. From its yellowish- green colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 296. Hym. Eur. p. 209. Icon. t. 99. f. 4. B. &> Br. n. 1415. C. Illust. PI. 338. *** Gills shining white then rosy. Hygrophanous. 475. A. piceus Kalchbr.— Pileus pitch-black, umber when dry, somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, papillate, without striae, smooth. Stem fistulose, somewhat tough, short, even, delicately pruinose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills emarginate, decurrent with a small tooth, ventricose, somewhat distant, white then flesh-colour. Odour of cucumber or fishy. Manifestly allied to A. pisciodorus, but the stem is only 2.5-5 cent- (r~2 m-) l°nR- 2l6 AGARICUS. Noianea. In grassy places. Holm Lacy, 1879. Plowright has indicated the opinion (Card. Chron. Oct. 14, 1882) that A. piceus and A. nigripes may be one, and that possibly both may be identical with A. cucumis and A. pisciodorus. Name — pix, pitch. Pitch-black. Kalchbr. Hung, Fung. t. 12. /. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 209. C. Illust. PI. 379- a. 476. A. infula Fr.— Pileus 1-4 cent. (%-il/2 in.) broad, fawn or fuliginous when damp, isabelline-livid when dry, shining in either state, membranaceous, pliant, conical or campanulate, often repand and irregularly formed when larger, centre at length depressed, smooth, even. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, some- what fistulose, cartilaginous, very tough, striate, polished and quite naked, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus, pubes- cent with the mycelium at the base. Gills typically adnexed and separating-free, thin, narrow, very much crowded, at the first shining white, then bright rose-colour. In stature and size it varies much like its allies, but differs remarkably from all of them in its extraordinary toughness, its polished appearance, and in the earliest colour of the gills being of a dazzling whiteness. Sometimes it is very small, with the filiform stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, sometimes larger and firmer (but always comparatively slender) 7.5 cent, (sin.) It varies in the insertion of the gills. Var. versiformis : smaller; pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, umbonate, convex then depressed, then papillate in the centre, slightly but very densely striate, silky-shining when dry, sometimes infundibuliform , the papilla, however, persistent. On burnt ground. On lawn. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name — infula, a fillet, or ornament. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 297. Hym. Eur. p. 209. Icon. t. 100. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1760. Buxb. C. 4. t. 28. f. 2. **** GUIs whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous. 477. A. verecundus Fr.— Pileus watery reddish, but very pallid, not changing colour when dry, somewhat membranaceous, slightly fleshy at the disc, at first somewhat umbonate, then rather obtuse (never depressed), obsoletely pellucid-striate to the middle when damp, but wholly even at the disc, at first sight smooth, but when more closely examined obsoletely silky towards the floccu- lose margin. Stem 4-5 cent. (1)4-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, slightly firm, somewhat fistulose, cartilaginous, but not very rigid and when crushed splitting into fibrils, becoming pale, mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, separating, rather thick, distant, distinct, ventricose, in the form of a segment, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more broad, ascending-plane, whitish, watery. Spores reddish. Densely gregarious or growing in troops. Scarcely allied to any. HYPORHODII. 217 Among short grass. Aber, 1867, &c. Sept. Nolanea. Name — verecundus, modest. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 210. Icon. t. 99. f. 5. B. &> Br. n. 1228. C. Illust. PL 340. a. 478. A. coelestinus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. (i>£ in.) broad, dark azure-blue, streaked, not hygrophanous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, the rugged disc darker or blackish, striate, lax. Stem 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat fistu- lose, attenuated upwards, white pruinate at the apex, otherwise even and smooth, azure-blue-black. Gills adnate, ventricose, very broad, hoary-white, edge of the same colour. Spores slightly rosy. Remarkable. Its colour is the common colour of the Leptonice, but its stature is wholly that of the Nolanece. On wood. Stoke Pogis, 1872. Oct. Name — ccelum, the sky. Azure-colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 210. Icon. t. 100. / 2. D. & Br. n. 1416. C. Illust. PL 379. b. 479. A. rubidus Berk.— Pileus 8 mm. (j£ in.) broad, white or greyish, at length with a pale ruddy tinge, membranaceous, con- vex, at length umbilicate, finely silky. Stem short, 3-4 mm. (i}4-2 lin.) long, thickest above, solid, minutely silky, white or greyish. Gills adnate, broad, ventricose, attenuated behind, with frequently a more or less distinct tooth, sometimes somewhat decurrent, whitish then rose-colour. Smell like that of new flour. Among grass in a conservatory. Milton, 1836. March. Spores elliptic, M.J.B. ; 4x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — rubeo, to be red. Reddish. Berk. Out. p. 148. Mag. ZooL & Bot. i. t. 2./. 2. C. Hbk. n. 283. lllusl. PL 340. b. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 210. Subgenus XVII. ECCILIA. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 207 excluding Ecciiia. certain species. Stem cartilaginous, tubular (the tube hollow or stuffed), expanded upwards into the pileus, which is somewhat membranaceous and at the first inflexed at the margin. Gills attenuated behind, truly decurrent (becoming more so when the pileus is depressed, and not separating as those of the species of the former subgenus do). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 211. Ecciiia corresponds with Omphalia. 218 AGARICUS. Ecciiia. 480. A. Parkensis Fr.— Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, by no means hygrophan- ous, membranaceous, piano - convex, deeply umbilicate, very smooth (by no means fibrillose), slightly striate to the middle. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fis- tulose, attenuated downwards, smooth, not dotted, fuscous. Gills decurrent, crowded, distinct, linear and almost 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, whitish then be- coming dingy flesh-colour. A very remarkable species, of which it is difficult to indicate the nearest affinity. Easily distinguished from neighbouring species by the pileus not becoming pale with dryness. In grassy places. Elmhurst, &c. Agaricus (Ecciiia) atro' punctus. One-half natural size. Spores subsphferoid-angled, irregular, uni- guttate, 6-9 mk. K. ; 7 mk. W.G.S. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 301. Hym. Eur. p. 211. Icon. t. loo.f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 287. lllust. PL 380. a. 481. A. carneo-griseus B. & Br. — Pileus grey-flesh-colour, um- bilicate, striate, delicately dotted, margin slightly glittering with dark particles. Stem slender, fibrous-hollow upwards, of the same colour as the pileus, shining, smooth, white-tomentose at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat undulated, distant, rosy, the irregular margin darker. Its closest ally is A. atrides, from which it differs in the smooth stem, deli- cate colour, &c. Spores irregular. Among fir-leaves, &c. Aboyne, &c. Aug.-Sept. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. Stem about 4 cent. (iK in.) long, flexuous. Name — caro, flesh; griseus, grey. B. & Br. n. 1001. t. 13. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 286. lllust. PL 380. b. S. MycoL Scot. n. 265. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 212. 482. A. griseo-rubellus Lasch.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, hygrophanous, umber or fuscous when moist, grey when dry, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, at first convex at the circumference, then plane, striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, somewhat naked, of the same colour as the pileus or a little paler. Gills slightly de- current, somewhat distant, grey then flesh-colour. Specimens have been gathered a little smaller and paler, with the stein 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thinner, and the gills whitish then flesh-colour. HYPORHODII. 219 On the ground. Sibbertoft. Eccilia. Spores rather irregular, 5-7 angled, 10-12x6-8 mk. B. Name — griseus, grey ; rubellus, reddish. Lasch n. 566. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 212. B. & Br. n. 2004. 483. A. atrides Lasch. — Pileus black, fuscous, becoming pale, black streaked, somewhat membranaceous, plane, deeply umbili- cate, striate. Stem somewhat fistulose, pallid, black-dotted tip- wards. Gills deeply and truly decurrent, attenuated behind, some- what crowded, pallid, the black edge slightly toothed. It is scarcely to be doubted that it is only a changed state of A. serrttlatus, to which it is very like, and from which it does not differ except in its paler colour (stem always pallid), its somewhat streaked (not squamulose), deeply umbilicate and striate pileus, and its gills which are almost whitish and very much attenuated behind. On the ground. Hereford. Not the plant figured by Quelet. B. & Br. Name — dark -coloured. Lasch n. 560. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 212. Monogr. i. p. 300. B. & Br. n. 1858. 484. A. atro-punctus Pers.— Pileus pale- cinereous, somewhat fleshy, soft, hemispherical. Stem somewhat tough, pallid, shin- ing, with black punctiform squamules. Gills decurrent, arcuate, distant, alternate, cinereous-flesh-colour. Gregarious, small. As A. atrides approaches A. serrulatus, this seems to approach A. lappula. On the ground. Dinmore, 1882. Oct. Name — ater, black ; punctum, dot. From the dotted stem. Pers. Syn. p. 353. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 212. C. Illust. PL 343. 485. A. nigrella Pers. — Pileus growing blackish, umbilicate, smooth. Stem short, glaucous. Gills flesh-colour, then some- what cinereous. Small, somewhat tufted. In pastures. Perth. This appears to be quite distinct from A. atrides ; the stem is not nigro- punctate above, nor are the gills nigro-denticulate. B. 6* Br. Name — niger, black. Blackish. Pers. Syn. 463. B. 6* Br. n. 1651. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 266. 486. A. rhodocylix Lasch.— Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, somewhat fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate or rather infundibuliform with the margin reflexed, remotely striate when moist, flocculose when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and less long, 12 mm. (y2 in.) thick, stuffed, thickened upwards, tough, smooth, cinereous. Gills 220 AGARICUS. Eccilia. deeply decurrent, very distant, broad, few, the alternate ones shorter, whitish then flesh-colour. A very remarkable species. It may be well compared with A. pyxidatus, but is smaller. It presents a striking analogy with A. umbelliferus, but is readily distinguished by the rosy spores. On rotten wood, and tops of walls. Lincoln, 1860, &c. Sept. Spores ovoid, pentangular, spotted, 10 mk. Q. Name— poSov, rose ; *cvAi£, cup. Only applicable if "rose" applies to the spores, and "cup" to the pileus. Lasch n. 567. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 301. Icon. t. ioo./. 6. B. & Br. n. 904. C. Hbk. n. 288. Illust. PL 343. ciaudopus. Subgenus XVI I L CLAUDOPUS (claudus, lame ; TTOVS, a foot). Worth. Smith in Seem. Journ. Pileus excentric, lateral or resu- pinate. Spores rubiginous, in A. byssisedus at least angular. A small group intermediate between the Hyporhodii and the Dermini. The spores of A. euosmus and sapidus are pale lilac, quite different from the rubiginous spores of the Claudopodes. Besides, these species have no affinity with the true Claudopodes, but a very close one with the Leucospori, so that A. euosmus was first taken for a variety of A. ostreatus. To none of their finders did it occur to separate these species from the Leucospori and place them among the Crepidoti or the Hyporhodii. Moreover, lilac spores never occur among the Hypo- rhodii, but among the Pratelli. Fr. Hym. Eur.p. 213. 487. A. variabilis Pers.— Pileus white, slightly fleshy, resupi- nate then reflexed, even, tomentose^ putting forth from the centre a short, incurved, villous stem, which is obliterated when the pileus is reflexed. Gills at first concurrent in an excentric point, then reaching the base, broad, distant^ whitish then rubiginous. Here and there it occurs sterile, with white gills. On sticks, stumps, leaves, £c. Common. May-Nov. Spores elliptic, rusty-pink. M.J.B.; 6x3 mk. W.G.S. ; ellipsoid, 9-14 x 5-8 mk. K. ; 6-7 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — variabilis, variable. Pen. Obs. 2. /. XIX. Agaricus (Ciaudopus) var. abilis. Natural size. HYPORHODII. 221 5«/ 12. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 213. Monogr. \. p. 401. Berk. Out. p. 164. /. 10. Claudopu? /. i. C. Hbk. n. 272. Illust. PL 344. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 267. Hussey i. /. 50. Ho/tn. Anal. t. 22. f. 3. A. sessilis Bull. t. 152. Fl. Dan. t. 1556. A. niveus Sow. t. 97. 488. A. depluens Batsch. — Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufescent - hoary, somewhat membranaceous, resupinate then reflexed, changeable in form, somewhat silky; at first with a villous stem then stemless. Gills scarcely decurrent, diverging, broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded, grey then rufescent. Spores almost rose-colour. After the type of A. variabilis it is resupinate then reflexed, with a stem, which is manifest and villous in younger specimens, and then vanishing, but much more changeable in form, sometimes entire with a central and vertical stem, so that scarcely any form is constant. It is easily distinguished, however, by its thin, watery, fragile substance, by the rufescent- hoary colour (very hygrophanous), and by the pileus being so deli- cately silky that it appears rather smooth, most manifestly white-villous at the base however, with the margin slightly striate in moist specimens. On the ground among moss, in hothouses, £c. Rare. Oct. Name — depluo, to rain. From its watery substance. Batsch f. 122. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 401. Hym. Eur. p. 214. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 273. Illust. PL 344. b. Hoffm. Anal. t. 15.^. 2. A. epigaeus Pers. perhaps dis- tinct and a species of Crepidotus. B. &•= Br. n. 1849. 489. A. byssisedus Pers.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) broad, grey, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at length horizontal, reniform, plane, even, villous ; flesh, which is of the same colour, thin. Stem incurved, villous, attenuated upwards, 12 mm. (J/4 in.) long, zoned at the base with white cottony fibrils. Gills adnato- decurrent, ventricose, rather broad, whitish-cinereous, then rubigi- nous with the spores. When young resupinate. The stem is more distinct and persistent than in A. depluens, &c. On bare soil. Rare. Sept. Fries found it on rotten beech wood. Spores irregular, angulato-stellate, 7 mk. B. 6^ Br. ; 11x7 mk. W.G.S. ; irregular, 6-angled, 8-10x5-6 mk. B. Name — byssus, finf linen thread ; sedeo, to sit. From the cottony fibrils at the base of the stern. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 14. f. 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 402. Hym. Eur. p. 214. B. &> Br. n. 686. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 274. Illust. PL 344. c. A. striatulus griseus Pers. Obs. 2. t. 5. /. 8, 9. 222 AGARICUS. SERIES III. DERMINI (Sfyuo, a skin or membrane). Spores somewhat ferruginous, clay-coloured however in most of the Hebe- lomata, fuscous-ferruginous in the Phasoti, yellow in the Sapinei. Among Dermini there are no species answering to Amanitse, unless perhaps A. caperatus. The Pluteoli exactly resemble Plutei ; therefore these are placed next to Galeras as a distinct group. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 214. The colour of the spores is more variable in this series than in the others. There are no species contained in it with the hy- menophore distinct from the stem. Phoiiota Subgenus XIX. PHOLIOTA (o\k, a scale). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 240. Partial veil in the form of a ring. This subgenus passes into Flamrnula without distinct limits. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 214. fu Phoiiota is analogous with Armil- \ p laria and Stropharia. Care must be taken to distinguish some of the spe- cies from Cortinarii, the distinguish- ing feature being the arachnoid veil of the latter. Most of the Pholiota grow on trunks. None are to be commend- ed as edible. A. Humigeni (humus, ground; gigno, to bear). Growing on the ground, not adnate to mosses, rarely csespitose. * Eudermini (e£, well ; and Dermini}, spores ferruginous. XX. Agaricus (Phoiiota) squarro- '* Phaeoti ($«&, dusky), spores fuscous-fer- sus. One-fourth natural size. rugmous. B. Truncigeni (truncus, a trunk ; gigno, to bear). Growing on wood or epiphytal, most frequently caespitose. * ^Egeritini (A. cegerita). Pileus naked not scaly, but here and there rim- oso-rivulose ; gills pallid then rufescent or becoming fuscous. ** Squamosi (squama, a scale). Pileus scaly, gills changing colour. Pi- leus not hygrophanous. f Gills pallid then becoming fuscous , olivaceous, clay-coloured not purely ferruginous. ft Gills yellow then purely ferruginous or tawny. Not hygrophanous. Compare A. marginatus. *** Hygrophani. Gills cinnamon (not at first light yellow). C. Muscigeni (muscus, moss ; gigno, to bear). Like ringed Galercs, hygro- ''hanous. A. HUMIGENI. On the ground, &»c., rarely csespitose. * Eudermini. Spores ferruginous. 490. A. aureus Matt. Wholly golden-tawny. — Pileus tawny or inclining to ochraceous, when expanded as broad as the palm DERMINI. 223 of the hand, fleshy, but not compact, convex, obtuse, soft, at first Pholiota velvety, then torn into innate hairy squamules ; flesh compara- tively thin, soft, white becoming yellow. Stem as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, somewhat equal, even, smooth, becoming pale, but sprinkled towards the ring with a sK$ax2tinn% ferruginous scurf, naked above the ring, but floccu- lose at the apex. Ring distant from the pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.), properly inferior, but appearing to be medial, at first erect, then spreading, sometimes small, often however wide, laciniate, externally flocculose and ferruginous - furfuraceous, internally even, golden-tawny. Gills adnexed then free, attenuated at both ends, ventricose, crowded, connected by veins, pallid ferruginous. Very handsome, variable. The ring varies radiato-striate and veined. The pallid mycelium sometimes glues the soil together at the base into a large ball with the appearance of a bulb. Shedding very copious spores, making the ring and apex of the stem pulverulent. On the ground. Dumfries Fungus Show. Sept. In the only British specimens I did not observe anything of the ball formed by the mycelium and soil, but the stem itself was somewhat thickened at the base, where several were united. The whole plant was larger than described by Fries. Name — aurum, gold. Golden. Mattusch. SiL p. 351. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 303. Hym. Eur. p. 214. Icon. t. 101. S. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 22. C. Illust. PL 346. Var. Herefordensis C. Illust. PL 347. Var. Vahlii Schum.— Pileus even, smooth. Gills somewhat free. This differs chiefly in the smoothness of the pileus. The British specimens agree exactly with the figure in ' Flora Danica.' Rare. Dunkeld. Moncreiffe. FL Dan. t. 1496. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 303. Hym. Eur. p. 214. B. & Br. n. 1652. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 268. 491. A. caperatus Pers.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, more or less intensely yellow, fleshy, but thin in proportion to its size and robust stem, ovate then expanded, obtuse, viscid only when moist and not truly so, even at the disc, lacunoso-wrinkled at the sides, incrusted with white superficial Jlocci. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) Itfng, more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, stout, cylindrical with exception of the base which is often tuberous, shining white, squamulose above the ring, which is membran- aceous, reflexo-pendulous, and broken into squamules at the apex. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, somewhat serrated, ^/<2y-cinnamon. When young the pileus is incrusted with the veil or with white mealy-floc- cose villous down, which is crowded on the even disc and squamulose towards the thin lacunoso-sulcate margin ; and as this separates the pileus is naked. Veil universal, floccoso-mealy, at the first cohering in the form of a volva but not continuous ; in rainy weather remaining in the form of a volva at the base. Spores dark ferruginous on a white ground, paler on a black ground. There 224 AGARICUS. Pholiota. is a smaller form (A. macropus Pers. ) in pine woods, pileus even and paler; stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, and without a tuberous base; ring oblique and often incomplete. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 10 mk. B. & Br. ; 12x4 mk. W.P. ; sphseroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate, 11-12x8-9 mk. K. Name — capero, to wrinkle. From the wrinkled pileus. Pers. Syn. p. 273. Hym. Eur. p. 215. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 269. C. Illust. PI. 348. Fl. Dan. t. 1675. Krombh. t. 73. /. 10-12. Gonn. &•= Rab. iv. t. 5. Cortinarius Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 3. Berk. Out. p. 183. C. Hbk. n. 486. Var. macropus B. & Br. n. 1939*. 492. A. terrigenus Fr.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, dingy yellow, fleshy, moderately compact, convex or on account of the involute margin lens-shaped, then at length flattened, ob- tuse, by no means viscid, adpressedly silky with fibrils, and fibril- loso-scaly towards the margin ; flesh yellow. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, fleshy fibrous, stuffed, then also hollow, equal (at least not thickened at the base), becoming dingy yellow, squarrose in the form of small ferruginous warts and fibrillose. The veil forming a continuous web from the involute margin of the pileus to the stem, then disrupted, remaining partly annular on the stem and partly appendiculate on the margin of the pileus. Gills wholly adnate and decurrent with a tooth, not sinuate, scarcely crowded, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid light yellow then olivaceous-ferruginous. The colour of the pileus varies rufescent. Veil fugacious in old specimens. Warts similar to those of the stem, easily separating, occur towards the mar- gin of the pileus. There are smaller forms with the veil obliterated which may be easily mistaken for Cortinarii, as C. venatus and C. depexus. On old earthy stumps. Kenmore, 1877, &c. Aug.-Nov. Name — terra, earth ; gigno, to bear. Growing on the ground. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 215. Icon. t. 103. B. & Br. n. 1652. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 270. C. Illust. PL 349. Kalchbr. Hung. t. 14. f. i. 493. A. erebius Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, lurid or be- coming ferruginous-lurid when moist, becoming pale (ochraceous- clay) when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, smooth, almost viscid, hygrophanous, striate at the margin when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, 'equal, smooth but somewhat striate, becoming pale. Ring superior (apical), campanulate, sulcate, white. Gills adnate, somewhat dis- tant, pallid then dingy cinnamon. Many of the stems often cohering at the base, where they are squamulose. Pileus often slightly wrinkled. Gregarious, fragile. In woods, chiefly under beech. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Name — "Epe/Sos, dark or gloomy looking. From the lurid colour. Fr. DERMINI. 225 Monogr. i. p. 306. Hym. Eur. p. 216. Sv. Bot. f. 584. B. & Br. n. 1860. Pholiota. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 271. C. Illust. PL 358. A. denigratus Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 45, &c. A. Leveillianus Doz. & Molk. Berk. Out. p. 152. A. jecorinus B. & Br. n. 328. 494. A. ombrophilus Fr. Wholly pale ferruginous when damp. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, clay colour when dry, fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous^ here and there repand, even, smooth, almost viscid, very hygrophanous, striate at the margin when moist j flesh thin, soft, white when dry. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, hollow, somewhat fragile, equal, obsoletely fibrillose or slightly striate, pallid. Ring distant, entire, reflexed, membranaceous, white. Gills adfixed, but ventricose, at length separating, almost free, crowded, pallid, then watery ferruginous. Gregarious, growing in troops after copious rain. There are two forms a) typical : b) brunneolus (figured in ' Icones') smaller, pileus obtuse, brown ; gills narrower. On the ground. Coed Coch, &c. Spores 8x4 mk. W.P. Name— 6/u.£p°?, rain ; £. 504. A. comosus Fr.- Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, tawny, sprinkled with paler, superficial, separating scales, fleshy, convex DERMINI. 229 then flattened, obtuse, "viscous; flesh compact, white. Stem solid, Phoiiota. when young very compact, hard, and somewhat bulbous, then elongated, somewhat equal, fibrillose (not scaly), white. Ring more or less in the form of a cortina, floccose, moderately persist- ent. Gills adnato-decurrent, not much crowded, quite entire, white then becoming fuscoiis-clay-colour. Stem, which occurs at length also hollow, more or less curved from situation. Inodorous. Scarcely caespitose though often a few individuals are joined at the base. It is readily distinguished from all its allies by the paler superficial scales on the pileus, and from neighbouring species by the fuscous ferruginous colour of the spores. On trunks of beech. Rare. Name— coma, hair. From the nature of the scales on the pileus. Fr. tonogr. \. p. 310. Hym. Ei f. i. A. villosus Bolt. t. 42 ? Monogr. i. p. 310. Hym. Eur. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 296. Kalchbr. Ic. t. 13. A. villo 505. A. heteroclitus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) then 10- 12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, whitish or yellow, tawny when old, fleshy, compact and when young hard, most frequently excentric, hemispherical then flattened, very obtuse, sometimes even ; com- monly broken up into broad, scattered, innate, adpressed, spot-like (darker) scales, sometimes viscid when old and wet ; flesh thick, firm, pallid. Stem curt, about 5 cent. (2 in.), thickened-bulbous and bluntly-rooting at the base, 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) thick, solid, hard, stout, fibrillose, white, commonly curved-ascending, veiled at the apex, internally rhubarb - coloured at the base. Gills rounded behind, slightly adnexed, very broad, plane, crowded, at first pallid, at length dirty ferruginous. Disc piano-truncate. The veil is more rarely in the form of a perfect ring at the very apex of the stem, commonly appendiculate on the pileus or in the form of a cortina, floccoso-radiate, but always encircling the stem with an annular zone. Solitary. Most distinct from its strong pungent odour, almost that of horse-radish. On trunks of poplar and birch. Bromley, &c. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K. Name— erepos, one of two; K\tVw, to lean. Leaning to one side, or excentric. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 309. Hym. Eur. p. 220. B. &> Br. n. 1230. C. Hbk. n. 295. Illust. PL 366. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 23. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 14. /. 2. A. aurivellus Fl. Bor. t. 386. 506. A. aurivellus Batsch.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, yellow or ferruginous - yellow, fleshy, campanulate then convex, compact at the disc and hence gibbous when expanded, moist, scarcely viscous, with darker adpressed spot-like scales, when young sprinkled with floccose scales towards the margin ; flesh both of pileus and stem white, at length becoming yellow. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more thick, 230 AGARICUS. Pholiota. stuffed, somewhat rooted, somewhat equal, at least not attenuated towards the base, but here and there thickened, commonly curved, clothed with adpressed, floccoso-fibrillose, fuscous- ferruginous scales, at length somewhat naked, fibrillose, becoming yellow. Ring silky from the inflexed margin of the pileus, not far distant on the stem, somewhat membranaceous. Gills sinnato-adnexed, broad, crowded, at first whitish, then straw-coloured, at length ferruginous-date-brown or somewhat fuscous, never however in- clining to olivaceous. Odour scarcely remarkable. Not densely caespitose, and often solitary. Spores ferruginous. Most distinct alike from A. heteroclitus and from A. squarrosus ; very much allied to A. adiposus. On old trunks. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Very beautiful. More refined in appearance than any of its allies. Spores ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 8-9 x 4-5 mk. K. Name — aurum, gold ; velhis, fleece. From the scales. Batsch f. 115, also 114. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 311. Hym. Eur. p. 220. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. n. 298. Illust. PL 351. Saund. &f Sm. t. 9. B. salicinus, darker. Schum. — Fl. Dan. t. 2074. 507. A. squarrosus Miill.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, saffron - ferruginous, squarrose with innate, crowded, revolute, darker (becoming fuscous), persistent scales, fleshy, campanulato- convex then flattened, commonly obtusely umbonate or gibbous, dry; flesh light-yellow, compact when young, sometimes thin. Stems curt when young, as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long when full grown, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the apex, remark- ably attenuated downwards, stuffed, squarrose as far as the ring with crowded, revolute, darker scales. Ring only slightly distant from the apex, rarely membranaceous, entire or oftener laciniate, generally floccoso-radiate, of the same colour as the scales. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, pallid-oliva- ceous then ferruginous. Spores ferruginous. Very caespitose, forming large heaps. Stems commonly cohering at the base, varying very much in stature in the same cluster ; varying also much thinner, scarcely ever curved-ascending. Odour heavy, stinking ; sometimes, however, obsolete. About roots of trees, chiefly ash. Common. July-Dec. Spores ellipsoid, 7-8x4~5mk. K.; 4X5mk. W.G.S. Name — squarrosus, rough. Mull. — Fr. Monogr. \. p. 310. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. n. 297. Illust. PI. 267. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 277. Hussey i. /. 8. A. squamosus Bull. t. 266. A. floccosus Schceff. t. 61. Sow. t. 284. Grev. t. 2. * A. Miilleri Fr. — Pileus obtuse, moist, pallid, with darker ad- pressed scales. Gills becoming fuscous. Stem equal, ring entire. Agreeing in smell with the common form. On beech. DERMINI. 231 Name— after O. F. Mullen Fr. Monogr. \. p. 311. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Fl. Pholiota. Dan. t. 831. Batschf. 114. Saund. 6- Sm. t. i8./. i. C. Illust. PL 471. * A. verruculosus Lasch. — Pileus compact, obtuse, yellow, with crowded cinnamon scales and papilla. Stem villous-scaly. Remarkable, perhaps to be regarded as a distinct species. On trunks of maple. King's Cliffe. Name — verruca, a wart. With small warts. Lasch n- 353- B. & Br. n. 1939. 508. A. subsquarrosus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, brown -ferruginous, with darker, addressed, floccose scales, fleshy, convex, obtuse or gibbous, viscid. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, stuffed (often hollow when old), equal, yellow-ferruginous, clothed with darker scales which are adpressed, or spreading only at the apex, not squarrose, furnished with an annular zone at the apex, becoming yellow- ferruginous within. Gills deeply sinuate, emarginate, almost free, arcuate, crowded, at first pale then dingy yellow. Spores ferruginous. The pileus is viscid, but not glutinous like that of A. adiposus. It holds a doubtful place between A. aurivellus and A. squarrosus, departing from both, however, in the gills being at the first yellow ; and from A. squarrosus, to which it is more like, in the gills being emarginato-free, not decurrent. Somewhat caespitose. Almost inodorous. On a fir-stump and on the ground. Herefordshire, &c. Sept. Name — sub, and squarrosus, rough. Roughish. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Icon. t. 103. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 215. B. & Br. n. 1862. ft Gills yellow then pure ferruginous or tawny. 509. A. spectabilis Fr.— Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, tawny or golden-yellow then becoming pale, fleshy, compact, hemispherical, obtuse, dry, torn into adpressed, innate, pilose squamules of the same colour, continued into the veil at the in- flexed margin ; flesh thick, hard, stdphur-yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, hard, more or less ventricose and extended into a fusiform root, sheathed with the veil; sometimes smooth, shining, sometimes squamulose, sulphur- yellow, mealy above the inferior, spreading, persistent, even ring. Gills adnate* most frequently with a small decurrent tooth, very crowded, narrow ', at the first pure yellow, at length ferruginous. More or less densely caespitose, very compact, shining as if varnished in dry weather, although it is by no means viscous. Flesh with a bitter-aromatic taste. A species remote from all others, analogous with A. aureus, but per- haps most nearly allied to A. radicosus. On oak-stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. 232 AGARICUS. Pholiota. Spores 8x 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — spectabilis, of striking appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 313. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Icon. t. 102. B. 6^ Br. n. 904*. C. Hbk. n. 300. Illust. PL 352. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 278. Hnssey i. t. 71. A. aurens iStfw. /. 77? Berk. Out. p. 149. A. rhabarbarinus AVo ;«M. /. 3. _/". 3, not Pers. 510. A. adiposus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-17.5 cent. (3-7 in.) broad, vellow, fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat gibbous, very viscous, covered with superficial, somewhat concentric, ftoccose, ferruginous scales, which are at first adpressed, then squarroso- reflexed, separating; flesh whitish, compact at the disc. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (>£-i in.) thick, solid, thick- ened downwards, compact ; when young whitish then light yel- low, viscous, clothed with darker (from the ferruginous spores), squarroso-reflexed, separating scales. Ring for the most part in the form of a cortina, floccoso-radiate, yellow, at length ferrugin- ous. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, broad, quite entire, at first pallid light-yellow, then ferruginous. The gluten on the pileus falls in drops in rainy weather, carrying down the scales with it. In dry weather the pileus is shining with the' dried gluten. When rightly developed very striking, often of very large size. Commonly forming large clusters. On beech and ash trunks. Frequent. Oct. Coloured like a ripe pine-apple, M.J.B. Spores 8x5 mk. W. G.S. Name — adeps, fat. Stout, obese. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 312. Hym. Eur. p. 222. Berk. Out. p. 151. /. 8./. 2. C. Hbk. n. 299. Illust. PI. 353. Klotzsch in Fl. Bor. t. 471. 511. A. flammans Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, yel- low-tawny, fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, abso- lutely dry, sprinkled with superficial, pilose, somewhat concentric, paler or sulphur-yellow, squarrose or curly scales; margin at first inflexed, then repand when larger ; flesh thin, light yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, most frequently flexuous, very light-yellow as are also the crowded squarrose scales. Ring membranaceous, entire, not far removed from the pileus, of the same colour. Gills adnate and without a tooth, somewhat thin, crowded, at the first bright sulphur-yellow, at length ferruginous, edge quite entire. Pileus by no means hygrophanous. It is distinguished from all others by the sulphur-yellow scales on the tawny pileus. Forming small clusters. In- odorous. The ring is sometimes only indicated by an annular zone. In woods, chiefly Scotch fir. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores ellipsoid, 4x2 mk. K. ; ellipsoid, 3-4x2-2^, C.B.P.; 4x2 mk. W.P. Namz—Jlamma, flame. From its bright colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 315. Hym. Eur. p. 222. Icon. t. 104. Berk. Out. p. 151. C. Hbk. n. 301. Illust. PL 368. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 279. DERMINI. 233 512. A. Junonius Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellow, Phoiiota. fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, dry, even, smooth; flesh com- pact, pallid. Stem 4~5 cent. (i%-z in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, firm, incurved, often excentric, even (not scaly), mealy above the ring, yellow. Ring inferior, reflexed, entire. Gills adnate, crowded, comparatively broad, plane, yellow, at length becoming ferruginous. Spores ferruginous. Solitary. It must be carefully distinguished from a somewhat ringed form of A. hybridus. On trunks. Highgate. Oct. Spores 7x4, W.G.S. Name — after Juno. Beautiful. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 315. Hym. Eur. p. 223. Sv. Bot. t. 584. B. & Br. n. 1231. C. Hbk. n. 302. Illusl. PL 369. Saund. & Sm. t. i8./. 3-6. 513. A. tuberculosus Schasff.— Pileus 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, tawny-yellow, compactly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, sometimes depressed, very dry, properly smooth, but broken tip into innate, broad, adpressed scales; flesh becoming yellow, not very thick. Stem curt, scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, but 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more at the bulbous base, hollow, incurved, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, often excentric, of a bright light yellow. Ring somewhat membranaceous, reflexed, falling off. Grills emarginate, crowded, broad, plane, light yellow then tawny or spotted-ferruginous, edge serrulated. Spores ochrey-ferruginous. Solitary. When the ring falls off it may be easily taken for Flammula. Allied to A. curvipes. On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct. The typical form is erumpent from the bark chiefly of birch. Spores 7x4 mk. W.P. Name — tuber, a swelling. With small protuberances. Schceff. t. 79 (a form departing from the type). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 316. Hym. Eur. p. 223. Icon. t. 104. B. dr1 Br. n. 1863. C. Illust. PL 370. a. 514. A. curvipes Fr.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, tawny yellow or orange, fleshy, thin, but slightly firm and tough, convex then expanded, obtuse, wholly innato-flocculose, then torn into minute scales, dry, not hygrophanous. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more \.\\\ck,Jistiilose, equal, incurved, tough, fibrillose or delicately squamulose, light yellow. Ring rarely manifest, commonly floccoso-radiate, soon vanishing. Gills adnate, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, light yellowish, pallid at the sides, at length tawny, edge white, at length floccoso-crenate. Pileus well formed. Stem sometimes attenuated downwards. Spores slightly tawny. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, very changeable. From the evanescent ring it may be easily taken for Flammula. 234 AGARICUS. Pholiota. On sawdust and fallen trunks. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct. Name — curva, curve ; pes, foot. With curved stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 316. Hym. Eur. p. 223. Icon. t. 104. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 1864. C. Illust. PI. 370. b. A. muricatus b. Syst. Myc. i. p. 244 — Batt. t. 22. A. (with the elongated stem somewhat naked). *** Hygrophani. Gills cinnamon, fy*c. 515. A. dissimulans B. & Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first lurid, at length becoming pale or whitish, campanu- late, very obtuse, scarcely slightly viscid, hygrophanous, at length flattened, involute at the margin. Stem fistulose with transverse dissepiments, thickened downwards, shining white, cottony at the base. Ring erect, for the most part persistent. Gills sinuato- adnate, at length decurrent, pallid, clay-colour. Pileus at first of the colour of A. erebius. On sticks of hawthorn and sloe. Hothorpe, 1881. Name — dissimulo, to dissemble. From its appearing like A. erebius. B. & Br. n. 1940. C. Illust. PL 371. 516. A. Cookei Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, dirty pale- yellowish, fleshy, conical then convex, viscid when moist, sprinkled with darker adpressed scales. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, equal, fibrillose, rufous brown below. Ring very, tender. Gills adnate, slightly ventricose, at length brown. Nearest to A. subluteus Fl. Dan. In damp places among grass. Dinmore, &c. Oct. Name — after M. C. Cooke. Fr. in litt. Greuillea, vol. v. p. 56. t. 82. f. i. C. Illust. PL 354. 517. A. subluteus Fl. Dan.— Pileus yellow, fleshy, thin, flat- tened, umbonate, squamulose, margin striate when moist. Stem stuffed, smooth, yellow, thickened at the base, ring spreading. Gills decurrent, crowded, cinnamon. Somewhat caespitose, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) The scales on the pileus are darker. On grassy ground. Faldonside, 1884. Oct. The habit is peculiar, but the colour of the specimens was paler than described by Fries. The stem was long (10-12.5 cent., 4-5 in.), comparatively thin, and somewhat irregularly flexuous. Name — sub, and luteus, yellow. Yellowish. Fl. Dan. t. 1192. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 224. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 23. 518. A. confragosus Fr. — Pileus about 4 cent. (i>£ in.) broad, brick-red or cinnamon-rufous when moist, tawny when dry, hygro- DERMINI. 235 phanous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse, densely floccu- Pholiota. loso-furfuraceous on the surface, margin striate when moist, without striae when dry. Stem when young 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, flexuous or incurved, wholly pale- ferruginous, not of a different colour at the base. Veil sheathed- fibrillose on the stem; towards the apex of the stem terminating in a membranaceous, persistent, spreading, and at length reflexed, even ring ; above the ring the stem is striate, but naked, not mealy. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, very thin and crowded, linear, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, rufous or cinnamon-rufous; edge under a lens unequal, crenulated. Somewhat caespitose, fragile. The floccoso-furfuraceous covering of the pileus is such as is not observed in any other species. When the plant is old the stem is longer, but slender, and, as well as the even pileus, denuded, and the ring collapsed. More allied to A. conspersus and A. furfuraceus than to A. mutabilis, &c., but most distinguished. A variety of A. mutabilis with squamulose pileus is not to be compared with this. On old fallen elm. Coed Coch, 1866. Spores oblong, ferruginous, 9 x 37 mk. B. 6-° Br, ; 12 x 5 mk. W.P. Name — confragosus, broken, rough, uneven. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 318. Hym. Eur. p. 224. Icon. t. 105. /. 2, 3. B. &" Br. n. 1232. 519. A. mutabilis Schasff.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, commonly obtusely umbon- ate, sometimes depressed, even and smooth, but when young occasionally squamulose throughout. Stems about 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, rigid, stuffed then hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, scaly-squarrose as far as the ring, ferruginotis-blackish or umber downwards, often ascend- ing or twisted. Ring membranaceous, externally squamulose. Gills adnato - decurrent, crowded, rather broad, pallid then cinnamon. Densely caespitose, variable in stature. Fl. Dan. t. 2076. f. i, intermediate between this and A. marginatus. On stumps, &c. Common. April-Oct. Spores ellipsoid-obovate, 7-13 x 4-6 mk. K. ; 6 x n mk. W.G.S. ,-7x4 mk. W.P. Name — mutabilis, changeable. Schceff. t. 9. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 319. Hym. Eur. p. 225. Sverig. alt. Svamp. t. 47. Berk. Out. p. 151. t. 8./. 3. C. Hbk. n. 303. Illust. PI. 355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 280. Hussey ii. t. 27. Lenz.f. 20. Krombh. t. 73. f. 7-9 a. Bull. t. 543. O.P.R. 520. A. marginatus Batsch.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, honey-coloured when moist, tan when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, margin 236 AGARICUS. Phoiiota. striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, fibrillose or slightly striate, not scaly, of the same colour as the pileus, but becoming fuscous and commonly white "velvety at the base. Ring 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) distant from the apex, often in the form of a cortina and fugacious. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, at first pallid, then darker cinnamon. Very much allied to A. mutabilis, but constantly different, commonly smaller, solitary or gregarious, more rarely casspitose ; pileus paler, stem less rigid, substance and colour more watery. It varies much, and is deceptive on account of the vanishing veil. In hedges there is a very small ceespitose form with the pileus only 12 mm. (% in.) broad, and the stem tough and smooth, with exception of the remains of the fugacious cortina. There also occur on the ground among mosses smaller and paler forms, which must be carefully distinguished from A. unicolor, £c. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Sept.-Dec. Name — marginatus, margined. Probably from the striate margin. Batsch f. 207. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 319. Hym. Eur. p. 225. Berk. Out. p. 151. C. Hbk. n. 304. Illust. PL 372. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 281. Krombh. t. 73.7. 5, 6. — B. A. mutabilis Batsch f. 208, smaller, darker (certainly not A. mycenoides). 521. A. mustelinus Fr. — Pileus yellow, ochraceous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, convex, even, smooth, dry. Stem fistulose, even, pallid, white-mealy above the superior reflexed ring, thick- ened and white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat dis- tant, &zw/y/-cinnamon. Solitary. There is a larger form ; stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 (2 lin.) thick, striate, pileus 12 mm. (y2 in.) broad. k On stumps. Guildford, 1882. Sept. Name — mustella, a weasel. Weasel-coloured. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 225. C. Illust. PL 356. Mich. t. 80. / 6. 522. A. unicolor Fl. Dan.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, bay-brown then ochraceous, hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulate then convex, somewhat umbonate, smooth, rather even. Stem 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, equal, even, somewhat smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Ring membranaceous, entire, slight, persistent. Gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad, pallid-ochrey. Pileus at length striate at the margin. Always very small, slender, some- what gregarious. There is another form, differing in the shorter stem and triangular gills, which are broadly adnate behind, even decurrent with a tooth, although separating. On trunks, branches, larch, £c. Hereford. mm. DERMINI. 237 Name — unicolor, of one colour. Fl. Dan. t. 1071. j. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. Pholiota. 320. Hym. Eur. p. 225. B. & Br. n. 1524. C. Illust. PI. 356. b. Bull. t. 530- /• 2. C. MUSCIGENI. Like ringed Galera, hygrophanous. 523. A. pumilus Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, ochra- ceous, moderately fleshy for its very small size, campanulate then hemispherical, obtuse, smooth, even (not slightly pellucid-striate when moist); flesh thin, watery. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX inO long, 2-3 mm. (i-iX lm-) thick, fistulose, equal, lax (not tense and straight), even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Ring distinct, floccoso-'woven, in the form of a zone. Gills wholly adnate, at first ascending, then plane, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, almost triangular, crowded, stopping short of the slight acute margin, pallid. The ring in the form of a zone is similar to that of various Cortinarii, and is not membranaceous as in allied species. Very distinct from all others. Solitary or gregarious. Of the same colour as A. hypnorum but more fleshy. Among moss on old wall, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Jan. The plant may be readily overlooked as a species of Pholiota from the nature of the ring. The gills are sometimes scarcely crowded. It stands severe frost. Name— pumilus, dwarf, diminutive. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 321. Hym. Eur. p. 226. Icon. t. 105. /. 4. Berk. Out. p. 152. C. Hbk. n. 305. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 215. 524. A. mycenoides Fr. Ferruginous when in vigour, when dry sometimes tawny, sometimes pale. — Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, membranaceous, campanulate soon hemispherical, some- what obtuse, smooth, striate, hygrophanous. Stem about 4 cent. (\Y2 in.) long, i m. (%. lin.) thick, fistulose, filiform, even, smooth, tawny-ferruginous, darker than the pileus. Ring membranaceous, entire, white, persistent. Gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, somewhat distant, at length plane, ferruginous. A remarkable species, somewhat tender, growing in troops. Stem longer in mossy places. In no wise to be confounded with very small forms of A. mar- ginatus, such as Batschf. 208. In damp dells, and on lawn among moss. Rare. Oct. Berkeley notes that his plant had a white stem but that Fries considered it the same as his A. mycenoides. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K. Name—Mycena-like. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 321. Hym. Eur. p. 226. Berk. Out. p. 152. C. Hbk. n. 306. 238 AGARICUS. XXI. Agaricus (luocybe) laniigi- uosrts. One-fourth natural size. inocybe. Subgenus XX. INOCYBE (is, fibre; KvM, head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 254. Universal veil somewhat fibrillose, concrete with the cuticle of the pileus, often free at the margin, in the form of a cor- tina. Gills somewhat sinuate (but they occur also adnate and in two species decurrent), changing colour, but not cinnamon-pulverulent. Spores often rough, but in others even, more or less fuscous-ferruginous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 226. Inocybe (with Hebeloma) corresponds with Tricholoma. Inocybe and Hebe- loma have some common features, but they are really very distinct. Inocybe is readily distinguished by the silky- fibrillose covering of the pileus, which never has a distinct pellicle, by the veil which is continuous and homo- geneous with the fibrils of the pileus, and by the ferruginous- fuscous spores. All grow on the ground. They are (mostly) strong-smelling (commonly nauseous). None are edible. The position of Inocybe among Dermini is not satisfactory. It forms a very natural group of itself, and is, in many respects, not properly allied to Dermini. It might form a distinct genus in- termediate between the Agarici and the Cortinarii. I. Squarrosi (squarrose). Pileus at the first squarrose, somewhat fuscous, and stem scaly of the same colour. II. Laceri (torn). Pileus torn into scales or fibres (not split into cracks) ; stem coloured, paler than the pileus, fibrillose. III. Rimosi (cracked). Pileus longitudinally fibrous, soon cracked and here and there adpressedly scaly ; stem whitish, slightly tinged with the colour of the pileus, fibrillose. Many of them become yellow when old. IV. Velutini (velvety). Pileus not cracked, the cuticle fibrillose-woven, be- coming even or adpressedly scaly, disc even; stem polished, smooth, whitish, mealy at the apex. V. Viscidi (viscid). Pileus becoming even, viscid (with one exception). I. — SQUARROSI. Pileus at the first squarrose, &>c. 525. A. hystrix Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, mouse- colour, fleshy, firm, but not compact, convex then flattened, ob- tuse or slightly gibbous, orbicular, squarrose with revolute floe- DERMINI. 239 cose scales, which are fibrilloso-adpressed towards the margin ; inocybe. flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, solid, firm, equal or for the most part attenuated downwards, somewhat fusiform, fuscous-mouse-colour, squarrose with revolute crowded floccose scales as far as the sharply defined annular zone, above the zone even and pallid. Gills adnate, crowded, linear, plane, at first whitish, then becoming fuscous. Stature wholly that of A. squarrosus, but the colours are very different, and there is no affinity between them. A. relicinus, which is nearest to it, is readily distinguished by the gills being yellow then olivaceous. In woods. Heywood Forest, Herefordshire. Autumn. Spores pruniform-cuneiform, 11-14 mk. Q. ; 10x5 mk. W.P. Name- hystrix, a porcupine. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 334. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Icon. t. io6./. i. C. Illust. PI. 424. 526. A. relicinus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad when young, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more when expanded, fuliginous, fleshy, thin, conical then expanded, obtuse, everywhere scaly- squarrose with fasciculate down. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, soft, equal, floccoso-scaly (but not squarrose) and fibrillose, fuliginous, paler at the apex. Gills ad- nexed, crowded, at first ascend mg, yellow then olivaceous. Scarcely any odour. It differs remarkably from all neighbouring species in the colour of the gills being at first yellow then olivaceous. In marshy fir woods among Sphagna. Kinnordy. July-Sept. Name— relicinus, curled backwards. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 335- Hym. Eur. p. 227. Berk. Out. p. 152. B. & Br. n. 1344. C. Hbk. n. 316. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 282. 527. A. calamistratus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more broad, everywhere fuscous and squarrose-scaly, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, margin at first bent inwards, often repand, at length flattened. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid and tough, equal, somewhat rooting, fuscous, but dark azure-blue below, squarrose throughout with rigid recurved scales. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, broad, white then ferruginous, the remarkably whitish edge somewhat serrated. It is very easily distinguished from all others by the azure-blue base of the stem, by the reddish flesh, and by the gills being at length ferruginous. The edge of the gills is thick. Odour strong, peculiar. In ditches and waysides in woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Spores 12 mk., smooth, B. &> Br. ; subreniform, 10-11 mk. Q. Name — calamister, cuning-iron. Curled. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 335. 240 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Icon. t. 106. / 2. B. dr1 £r. n. 1234. •So?/, n. 283. C. ///%;/. /Y. 389. 528. A. hirsutus Lasch.— Pileus 12 mm. (>£ in.) high and when flattened still broader, fuscous, slightly fleshy, conical then cam- panulate, umbonate, acute, squarrose with fasciculato-pilose scales, when older inclining to ochrey, fibrillose towards the margin which is hence fringed. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, solid, slender, but tough, fibrillose, floccoso-scaly (not squarrose) at the apex, somewhat thickened and dark green at the base. Gills adnexed, ascending, crowded, thin, narrow, pallid then becoming fuscous, the white edge slightly toothed. It clearly differs from neighbouring species in the green base of the stem, and in the gills becoming at length fuscous. The disc of the pileus is sometimes green. Odour much less than that of A. calamistratus. In moist beech woods, &c. Rare. Oct. Nmme—tersutits, bristly. Lasch n. 577. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 336. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 23- 529. A. lanuginosus Bull.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, um- ber, at length becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, campanulato- or hemispherico- convex, obtuse; then more expanded, somewhat umbonate, floccoso-scaly, squarrose with scales which are erect and pointed at the disc ; flesh of the pileus and of the stem whitish. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~2 inO long> 2~4 mm- (I~2 ^m-) thick, solid, tough, equal, whitish-fuscous, squamuloso-fibrillose with fuscous down at the base which is of the same colour, white-pulverulent at the apex. Gills separating-free, ventricose, broad, crowded, thin, pallid-clay colour, edge slightly toothed. The stem is not squarrose as in A. calamistratus, &c. Inodorous, well formed. In mixed woods, near pathways. Uncommon, July-Sept. Name — lanuginosus, woolly, downy. Bull. t. 370 (departing in the rufescent gills). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Berk. Out. p. 153. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 284. Vaill. Par. t. 13. /. 4-6. A. flocculentus Poll. 3. p. 288. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 336. C. Hbk. n. 317. Compare Pers. Ic. t. 8.f. 4. 530. A. dulcamarus A. & S.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, olivaceous-fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, then expanded and umbonate, floccoso-scaly, silky towards the margin ; flesh thin, becoming yellow-white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) Jong, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, somewhat hollow, not very rigid, equal, corti- nato-fibrillose, and adpressedly squamulose, paler than the pileus, mealy at the apex. Gills arcuato-adfixed, ventricose, crowded, pallid then olivaceous. DERMTNI. 241 Gregarious. In the form which appears in summer the scales on the pileus Inocybc. are squarrose, and the gills darker ; in that of autumn, the scales are adpressed and the gills paler. Batt. t. 18. A. On the ground in mixed wood. Pass of Killiecrankie, 1877. Aug. Pileus convex, umbonate, umber, clothed with adpressed fibres, the centre breaking up into areolate patches, about 8-12 mm. (lA-% in.) across; stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more high, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, of the same colour as the pileus, scaly below, tomentose above ; gills clay- coloured, ventricose, margin paler, waved, adnate, with a strong decurrent tooth ; spores even ; flesh white ; taste at first pleasant. In one specimen the gills are just as figured by Per- soon. Though he gives in his specific characters " stipite nudo" the stem is represented in the figure as scaly. B. 6* Br. The above description of the specimens which I submitted to Berkeley was written on account of their de- parture from the type as figured by Persoon. Name — dulcis, sweet ; amarus, bitter. Alb. & Schw. n. 489. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 337. Hym. Eur. p. 228. B. fir5 Br. n. 1653. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 285. Brigant t. 4.^.3. A. uniformis Pers. Ic. t. is./, i. 531. A. plumosus Bolt.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.) broad, mouse-colour, slightly fleshy, somewhat membranaceous at the circumference, convex then plane, more rarely obtusely umbonate, at the first squarrose with erect fasciculate flocci, fibrilloso-silky at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) even 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed when young, then hollow, equal or attenuated at the base, flexuous, everywhere floccoso-scaly,fulig- inous-mouse-colour, of the same colour at the base, naked (not pruinose) at the apex. Gills somewhat adnate, scarcely crowded, narrow, not very ventricose, pallid mouse-colour, the edge which is of the same colour quite entire. Odour weak, almost pleasant. It is easily distinguished from A. lacerus by the flesh both of the pileus and stem never being reddish. In moist pine woods. Rare. Aug. Name — plumosus, feathery. From the downy tufts on the pileus. Bolt. t. 33. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 337. Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. n. 318. Illust. PI. 425. A. 532. A. cincinnatus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (%~l in-) broad, fuscous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, commonly obsoletely um- bonate, villous-scaly ; flesh white. Stem 4 cent. (i)4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, solid, tough, equal, tense and straight, fibrilloso - scaly, fuscous --violaceous. Gills adnexed or attenuated behind, separating, ventricose, crowded, fuscous-vio- laceous. Inodorous, slender, somewhat gregarious. It differs from all others in the colour of the gills. In beech woods. Coed Coch. VOL. I. Q 242 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Spores granulated or irregular. B. & Br, Na.me—cincinnus, a curl, lock. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 338. Hyrn. Eur. p. 228. B. & Br. n. 1654. C. Illust. PL 425. B. II. — LACERI. Pileus torn into scales or fibres, &*c. 533. A. pyriodorus Pers.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuscous then becoming pale-ochraceous, fleshy at the disc, other- wise thin, ovate then campanulate, obtuse, very scaly at the disc, otherwise everywhere torn into fibrils, margin often bent inwards and repand ; flesh becoming red. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent- (%~l in<) thick, solid, internally fibrous and soft, fragile, somewhat equal or attenuated at the base, often curved ; exter- nally very fibrillose, becoming pale, white-pulverulent at the apex, becoming red internally. Gills at first adnate, then somewhat emarginate, crowded, thin, linear, often crisped, at first whitish, then becoming fuscous, edge whitish. It has the peculiarity of the flesh proper of the pileus easily separating alike from the stem and from the hymenophore. Pileus reddish when young. Odour pleasant, of pear or violet. In woods and gardens. Uncommon. Sept-Dec. Name — pyrus, pear ; odor, smell. Pers. Syn. p. 300. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 338. Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. n. 319. Illust. PI. 472. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 286. Bull. t. 532. /. i, larger form. 534. A. scaber Mull. — Pileus becoming pale-fuliginous or pale- tan, variegated with adpressed, darker (fuscous) spot-like fibrous scales, fleshy, somewhat compact, conical then convex, obsoletely gibbous; flesh firm, white, not reddish. Stem 4 cent. (\yz in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and in the larger variety 10 mm. (5 lin.) thick, solid, firm, equal, white, externally stiff, the cuticle being as if somewhat cartilaginous, but silky-fibril lose or even velvety. Gills slightly adnexed, thin, crowded, whitish then somewhat fuliginous. Odour not remarkable. It departs from the rest in its stature which is curt (like that of A. sambucinus) and robust. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Pileus about 4 cent, (i^ in.) broad. Spores pruniform, 13-15 mk. Q. Name — scaber, rough. Mull. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 339. Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. n. 320. Illust. PL 391. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 287. Sow. t. 207. 535. A. maritimus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous or mouse-colour, becoming hoary when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy, somewhat soft, convex then flattened, obtuse or umbonate, fibril- lose, more or less adpressedly scaly ; flesh becoming fuscous-grey. DERMINI. 243 Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, Inocybe. fibrillose, at first furnished with a cortina, a little paler than the pileus, not pulverulent at the apex. Gills rounded-adnexed, some- what separating, ventricose, fuscous grey then becoming ferruginous. The whole plant is almost of one colour, but is distinguished from the rest by its hygrophanous pileus. Odour not remarkable. On sandy ground in woods. Glamis, 1874, &c. Sept.-Oct. It is not confined to maritime districts, but is found in the native pine woods in Scotland. Na.mz—maritimus, pertaining to the sea. Found originally by the sea-shore. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 339. Hym. Eur. p. 229. B. fir1 Br. n. 1525. S. My col. Scot. n. 288. C. Illust. PL 392. Fl. Dan. 1846.7. i? 536. A. lacerus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, mouse- colour, becoming pale, becoming yellow when old, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, at first aclpressedly fibrillose, then rimosely scaly and squarrose. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 inO l°ng» 2~4 mm- (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, thin, tough, equal or attenuated at the base, paler than the pileus, everywhere fuscous-fibrillose. Gills attenuato-adnexed, ventricose, broad, crowded, but almost distant when the pileus is expanded, quite entire, ivhite-jlesh then mouse- colour. The pileus is not split longitudinally into cracks as in A. rimosus. Com- monly gregarious. Odour and taste almost none. It varies very much, but is easily distinguished from species which are somewhat like by the flesh being reddish, and by the stem never being white-pulverulent at the apex. There is a more slender variety with hollow stem and narrower gills. In woods, chiefly on naked soil. Common. July-Oct. Name — lacerus, torn. Torn into scales. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 339. Hym. Eur. p. 229. Berk. Out. p. 154. C. Hbk. n. 321. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 289. Ho/in. Ic. t. 12. f. i. 537. A. flocculosus Berk.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, brown- ish fawn-colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, somewhat campanulate, umbonate, silky-squamulose, the margin smoother; veil white, fibrillose, fugacious. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in-) long. 4 mrn. (2 lin-) thick, fibrillose, pale-fawn ; beneath the fibrillae brown, the apex minutely squamuloso-pulverulent. Gills arched behind and then adnate but not broadly so, ventricose, at first pale-fawn, at length dull-ferruginous, margin white. Odour like that of new meal, but nauseous. On naked soil the characters are as described above ; among grass the pileus is smoother, more tawny, rimosely silky, and the gills not arcuate behind but broadly adnate. Very nearly allied to A. lanuginosus and to A. lacerus. On the naked soil and among grass. Rare. Sept.-Oct. 244 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Spores irregular, 9 mk., sometimes slightly elongated. B. &> Br. Name — floccosus, floccose. Clothed with small flocci. Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 97. Out. p. 154. B. & Br. n. 1940*. C. Hbk. n. 323. Illust. PL 393. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 229. 538. A. Bongardii Weinm.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (r~2 in-) broad, becoming fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, scaly on the disc, torn into fibrils towards the margin, but not cracked ; flesh thin, reddish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid, equal or with a little bulb at the base, fibrillose, pallid-rufescent, reddish silky downwards, white-pulverulent at the apex. Cortina none. Gills adnexed, ventricose, broad, not much crowded, pallid-reddish then cinnamon. Odour pleasant, exactly that of pears (" Bergamotte" : Weinm.) Solitary. Stature and colour of pileus very variable. On sandy ground. Culbin sand-hills, Findhorn, &c. May- Aug. Spores bulging to one side as in Eunotia, 12 mk. B. & Br. Name— after Bongard. Weinm. p. 190. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 340. Hym. Eur. p. 229. Icon, t. icy./. x> 2- B. & Br. n. 1417, 1940*. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 290. C. Illust. PI. 381. Kalchb. t. 2.0. f. 2. 539. A. muticus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in.) broad, whit- ish, with fibrils which become fuscous, fleshy, convex then plane, always very obtuse, and at length somewhat depressed in the centre, somewhat squamulose, dry. Stem 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, conspicuously attenuated downwards, fibrillose, white-straw-colour becoming somewhat fuscous. Gills wholly adnate, thin, crowded, white then becoming slightly fuscous. Firm, well formed. It holds a doubtful place between Laceri and Rimosi. In shady woods. Coed Coch, 1880. Spores 6 x 4 mk. W.P. Name— muticus, maimed. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 346. Hym. Eur. p. 230. Icon. t. 109. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1865. C. Illust. PL 382. 540. A. carptus Scop.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark fuscous, fleshy, convex then flattened, depressed, with woolly filaments. Stem hollow, attenuated downwards, with woolly filaments like the pileus. Gills adfixed, ventricose, broad, brown- fuscous. Everywhere fibrillose. Taste bitterish-sweet. On naked soil. Coed Coch. DERMINI. 245 Spores even, B. 6* Br. Name — carpo, to pluck or tear. Torn into fila- Inocybe. ments. Scop, Cam. p. 449. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 230. B. & Br. n. 1655. C. Illust. PI. 426. A. brunneo-villosus Jungh. t. 6. /. 5 (short-stemmed). 541. A. deglubens Fr.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, at first date-brown-rufescent, then becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, adpressedly torn into fibrils but not cracked, peeling off in darker then separating fibrils ; flesh wholly white. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in-) long, solid, slender, adpressedly scaly-fibrillose, pale but darker and pulverulent with pruina of the same colour at the apex. Gills obtusely adnate, ventricose, somewhat distant, distinct, grey then cinnamon. Different from all others in the dark pruina at the apex of the stem. The stature is that of A. lacerus. In moist woods. Rare. Aug. Name — de, and glubo, to peel. From the surface peeling off. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 340. Hym. Eur. p. 230. B. & Br. n. 1117. C. Hbk. n. 325. Illust. PI. 394. S. My col. Scot. n. 291. 542. Ac obscums Pers.— Pileus azure-blue then becoming fuscous, somewhat fleshy, campanulate then plane, umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose, scaly at the disc; flesh whitish. Stem stuffed, flexuous, fibrillose not scaly, becoming fuscous-violaceous ; flesh lilac at the apex. Gills uncinato-adnexed, crowded, ventri- cose, olivaceous then brown. Odour strong, bitterish. Somewhat caespitose. Polymorphous. In the larger form the pileus is more flattened, 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, umbonate,' the stem 3 mm. (i% lin.) thick and the gills paler. In the more slender form the pileus is more convex, only 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, the stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, and the gills olivaceous then brown. On naked ground among pine. Rare. July-Nov. Spores obovate, 10x5 mk. B. & Br. ; 8x6mk. W.G.S. ; pruniform, 10 mk. Q. Name — obscurus, dark. Pers. Syn. 347. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 231. Monogr. ii. p. 300. Icon. t. 107.7. 3- B- & Br- n- 682. Berk. Out. p. 154. Saund. 6* Sm. t. 21, lower fig. C. Hbk. n. 322. Illust. PI. 427. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 292. 543. A. Rennyi B. & Br. Small.— Pileus fawn-coloured, centre brown, hemispherical. Stem attenuated downwards, fibrillose. Spores reniform, suddenly swollen behind, nucleate, 12-18 mk. Hereford. Name — after J. Renny. B. & Br. n. 1761. 544. A. haemactus Berk. & Cke.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (r in.) broad, umber, margin pallid, fleshy, compact, obtuse, campanulate, floccosely fibrillose, disc subsquamose, darker. Stem nearly 5 246 AGARICUS. inocybe. cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, smooth, scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, asruginous at the base, nearly equal. Gills adnate, pallid at length clay-colour. Flesh everywhere turning blood-red when touched or wounded. Pileus clad with long darker fibrils. The asruginous colour at the base of the stem pene- trating through the flesh. Spores elliptical, attenuated towards one end, smooth. On lawn. Credinhill Court, 1882. Oct. Name — ai/xa/crds, stained with blood. Of the flesh. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 70. C. Illust. PL 390. III. — RIMOSI. Pileus longitudinally fibrous, soon cracked, &>c. 545. A. fibrosus Sow. White.— Pileus fleshy, thin, obtusely campanulate, silky-even, at length cracked, margin bent inwards, flexuous. Stem solid, long, striate, ^<2/y-flocculose at the apex. Gills free, crowded, linear-lanceolate, whitish-pallid. Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick. Gills about 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad. A remarkable species, taller than the following, stinking, flesh white. It varies with the pileus becoming yellow. In fir woods. Keynston Wood, Dorset, 1808. July-Sept. Spores 11x7 mk. W.G.S. ; pruniform, echinulate, 9 mk. Q. Name— fibra, fibre. Fibrous. Sow. t. 44. Fr. Hym. Bur. p. 231. Berk. Out. p. 154. C. Hbk. n. 326. Illust. PL 454. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 293. A. repandus Fr. Monogr. i. p. 341, &c. 546. A. phaeocephalus Bull. — Pileus bay-brown, fuliginous, fleshy, conico-campanulate, umbonate, repand, squamulose. Stem solid, somewhat bulbous, of the same colour as the pileus above, white below, villous. Gills free, arcuate, light yellow then earth- coloured. A tall robust species. In mixed wood. Rare. Oct. Pileus about 7.5 cent, (sin.) broad. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long. Spores bright ferruginous. In 1877 I found perfect specimens which fully confirmed Berkeley's opinion that the species is a true Inocybe. The doubt expressed by Fries is therefore set at rest. Name — $aios, dusky ; Kea.\rj, head. Bull. t. 555. /. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 231. B. &> Br. n. 1233, 1760. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 294. C. Illust. PL 396. 547. A. fastigiatus Schasff.— Pileus yellow-fuscous, occasion- ally fuscous-brown, fleshy, conical then campanulate, margin at the first bent inwards, then repand, but varying regular, acute, longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, rarely adpressedly scaly ; DERMINI. 247 flesh thin, white, scissile, the texture of the stem lax and soft, inocybe. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, solid, stout, fleshy-fibrous, but not rigid, equal or rather attenu- ated at both ends, silky-fibrous or flocculose, somewhat naked however at the apex, pallid. Gills free, ventricose, crowded, rather thick, yellow then olivaceous. The gills are conspicuously broader than those of A, fibrosits. Stem com- monly curved or ascending. Fragile, gregarious, even caespitose, almost in- odorous. Stature exactly that of Hygrophorus puniceus. It has been con- founded with A. pyriodorus. A form has occurred with the stem very ventri- cose, 4 cent, (i^ in.) thick. In woods. Uncommon. June-Sept. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) across. Spores rough with little nodules, M.J.B. N&me—fastigium, a gable. Pointed or peaked. Schce/. t. 26. Fr. Monogr, i. /. 342. Hym. Eur, p. 231. Icon. t. io8./. i. Berk. Out. p. 155. /. 8./. 4. C. Hbk. n. 327. Illust. PL 383. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 295. Sterb. t. 22. D.E. 548. A. hiulcus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, fus- cous, becoming olive, slightly fleshy, at first conical, then expand- ed, the more fleshy umbo prominent, everywhere adpressedly squaimiloso-fibrillose, cracked. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, slightly firm> equal (or with a small bulb at the base), adpressedly fibrillose, squamuloso-mealy at the apex, becoming pale, rufescent when touched, and internally white then reddish. Gills somewhat free, with a decurrent line on the stem, but soon ventricose behind, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thick, somewhat distant, at length plane, slightly rigid, white-flesh colour, darker at the base, when full grown olivaceous-brown. The pileus is cracked, but not so incised as in A. rimosus, &c. Stem some- what curved. From the form of the gills there is a channel round the stem. Odour obsolete. In pine woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name— hio, to gape. Opening into furrows. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 344. Hym. Eur. p. 232. B. & Br. n. 1118. C. Hbk. n. 333. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 296. C. Illust. PI. 397. Kalchb. t. 20. /. i. Baft. t. 18. C. 549. A. Curreyi Berk. — Pileus convex, expanded, longitudin- ally fibrous, slightly cracked, not umbonate. Stem straight, attenuated upwards, finely fibrillose. Gills free, yellowish, then brownish-olive. Closely resembling A.fastigiatus, but by no means umbonate. The stem is dark, and the spores, which are subcymbiform, perfectly even. In woods. Fineshade, Norths., &c. Aug. Name— After F. Currey. Berk. Out. p. 155. C. Hbk. n. 328. Illust. PI. 398. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 232. 248 AGARICUS. inocybe. 550. A. rimosus Bull. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent C1-2 in-) broad, yellowish, but varying rufescent and date - brown (especially when old), fleshy, at first conico-campanulate, obtuse, then more flattened, and at length reflexed, umbonate, somewhat fibrillose, longitudinally cracked, disc sometimes even, sometimes cracked in a tesselated manner; flesh firm, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, firm, longitudinally fibrous within, round, in the best form thickened even marginato- bulbous and fibrillose at the base, mealy upwards, becoming yellow or fuscous but always pallid. The thin cortina fugacious. Gills very much attenuated behind, free or slightly adnexed, some- what ventricose, quaternate, whitish then becoming fuscous, and at length becoming ferruginous, edge serrulated, pallid. Odour earthy. The marginato-bulbous form of stem is probably Schceff. t, 258./. 1-3. In woods and open ground. Common. June-Oct. Subgregarious. Pileus shining, satiny with adpressed fibrillae, the inner substance appearing through the cracks of a yellow hue ; sometimes the epi- dermis cracks concentrically, and the lower edge of the cracked portions is re- flected so as to present a squarrose appearance. There are several varieties, in some of which the stem is white, in others coloured like the pileus, M.J.B. Spores elliptic, ferruginous, M.J.B. ; ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, even, 10- 14 x 5-8 mk. K. ; 11x7 ink. W. G.S. Name — rima, a crack. Full of cracks. Bull. t. 388. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 342. Hym. Eur. p. 232. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 97. Out. p. 155. /. 8./. 5. C. Hbk. n. 330. Illust. PL 384. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 297. Sow. t. 323. Grev. t. 128. Batsch f. 107. Krombh. t. 44. /. 10-12. B. pileus adpressedly scaly. A. morosus Jungh. t. 6.f. 6. 551. A. asterosporus Quel.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent.(i-iX in.) broad, bistre, with brown striae, convex, umbonate, cracked. Stem stuffed, firm, bulbous, furnished with a separable cuticle, reddish, pubescent, with brown striae. Gills emarginate, ventricose, thin, whitish bistre then cinnamon. Odour mouldy. On the ground in wood. Dinedor, &c. Aug.-Oct. Very similar to A. rimosus, for a form of which it might be mistaken with- out examination of the spores. Spores globose, .012 mm., stellate-spinulose, Q. Name — aster, a star. From the star-shaped spores. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. vol. xxvi. p. 50. Bull. Soc. Rouen, PL ii. f. 6. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24. C. Illust. PL 385. 552. A. eutheles B. & Br. — Pileus fawn-coloured, expanded, strongly umbonate, somewhat undulated, silky-shining, somewhat squamulose. Stem solid, fibrous, somewhat equal, slightly striate, pallid. Gills adnate, slightly toothed, pallid, white-margined. Smell farinaceous, rather disagreeable. It differs from A. fastigiatus in the DERMINI. 249 adnate gills, smooth, not rough, spores; and from A. Cnrreyi, with which it Inocybe. agrees as to the spores, in its strongly umbonate pileus, nearly equal stem, and adnate gills. On the ground among fir-leaves. Aboyne, 1862, £c. Aug.- Oct. Spores subelliptic, 7 mk. B. & Br.; 8 mk. W.G.S. ; pruniform, 12 mk. Q. Name— e£, well ; flrjArj, a teat. With well-formed teat. From the prominent umbo. B. &> Br. n. 1004. t. 13. / 2. C. Hbk. n. 329. Illust. PI. 386. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 298. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 232. 553. A. destrictus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. (\%-2% in.) broad, pallid then rufescent, fleshy, campanulato-convex then flattened, umbonate and at length depressed round the umbo which becomes fuscous, cracked, fibrillose then torn into scales ; flesh thin, white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) rarely more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, rather soft, somewhat equal, smooth, fibrilloso-striate, be- coming red-whitish, somewhat mealy at the apex. Cortina thin, fugacious. Gills uncinato-adnate, crowded, thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, whitish then grey-cinnamon. Odour unpleasant. Wholly distinct from A. rimosus. On the ground in pine woods. Coed Coch, 1880, &c. July. go, to strip off. Stripped. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 343. Hym. Eur. p. 232. Icon. t. 108. B. &> Br. n. 1866. C. Illust. PL 387. Under A. rimosus Bull. t. 599. 554. A. descissus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish or becoming pallid fuscous, slightly fleshy, conical then campan- ulate, split into radiate cracks when expanded, fragile, fibrillose, striate at the margin. Stem 4 cent. (\yz in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow when full grown, fragile, equal, undulated, somewhat Jibrillose, white-pulvendent at the apex, externally and internally white. Gills somewhat free, crowded, thin, linear, pallid, then becoming fuscous unicolorous. Stature wholly that of A. geophyllus, but thinner, very much allied to A. rimosus. In pine woods. Rare. Nov. Name — de, and scindo, to split. From the split surface. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 343. Hym. Eur. p. 233. B. & Br. n. 1526. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 299. Batt. t. 18. F. C. Illust. PL 428. A. * A. auricomus Batsch. Smaller, thinner. — Pileus becoming yellow, margin striate. Stem fistulose. Gills adfixed, ventricose, whitish-fuscous. Remarkably cracked. It must be carefully distinguished from the yellowish form of A. geophyllus. On burnt soil in woods. Name— aurum, gold ; coma, hair. Golden-haired. From the yellow fibrillae. Batsch f. 21. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 233. Berk. Out. p. 155. C. Hbk. n. 331. 250 AGARICUS. inocybe. 555. A. Trinii Weinm.— Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) broad, whitish- rufescent, tawny when dry, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, longitudinally rufescent-fibrillose, scarcely cracked, not scaly. Stem stuffed, equal, slender, laxly rufoiis-fibrillose, white-mealy. Gills rounded, ventricose, cinnamon, white-floccose at the edge. Clove-scented. In mixed woods. Rare. Ballinluig, 1877. Aug. Spores strongly granulated, B. &•" Br. ; 10x5 mk. W.P. Name — after Trin. Weinm. p. 194. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 233. B. & Br. n. 1656. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 300. C. Illust. PL 428. B. IV.— VELUTINI. Pileus not cracked, the cuticle fibrillose-woven^ &>c. 556. A. sambucinus Fr.— Pileus 6 cent. (2^ in.) broad, white or more rarely becoming pallid-yellow, fleshy, firm, convex then expanded, often repand, but not bent inwards, obtuse, fibrilloso- silky and becoming even (so as at first sight to appear smooth); flesh white. Stem 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (>£-i in.) thick, solid, stout, equal or clavate at the base, often decumbent, striate, smooth, white, obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Cortina none. Gills slightly adnexed, crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, of one colour, whitish. Always solitary, compact, obese, odour stinking. B. Gills at length date- brown. In pine woods. Perth, &c. Nov. Name — sambucus, elder -tree. Probably first found among elder. Fr. onogr. i. p. 344. Hym 301. C. Illust. PL 399. , . . . Monogr. i. p. 344. Hym. Eur. p. 234. Icon. t. 109. /. 2. S. Mycol. Scot. n. . Illust. 557. A. csesariatus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (ij£ in.) broad, tawny- dirty or like a smooth sugared cake, fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous, repand, becoming silky-even, becoming almost smooth at the disc, silky at the margin ; flesh thin, white. Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, unequal, somewhat twisted, somewhat thickened at the base, pruinose but not fibril- lose, pallid. Gills somewhat adnate, thin, crowded, ventricose, whitish-fuliginous, edge of the same colour. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, slightly firm, with a stinking odour. Under beech. Coed Coch, 1881. Sept.-Oct. The description given above from ' Monographia ' is, as Fries points out in the letterpress to ' Icones,' that of the typical form. In \ar.fibrillosa the stem is very ochraceous-fibrillose. The colours especially of the gills, are variable, DERMINI. 251 pallid then ochraceous, at length brown. Spores even, 10 mk. B. & Dr. Inocybe. Name — ctesariatus, covered with hair. From the fibrils. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 345. Hym. Eur. p. 234. Icon. t. 109. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1941. C. Illust. PL 388. 558. A. lucifugus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat olivaceous, sometimes becoming pale, rarely fawn-colour, fleshy, but thin, convex then plane, umbonate, covered with adpressed squamules or more frequently with longitudinal fibrils; flesh white. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid, equal, here and there undulated, scarcely ribrillose, but slightly white-pulverulent at the apex, pallid. Gills somewhat free, or adnexed as the form of the pileus changes, crowded, ven- tricose, plane, whitish then soon yellow, then pure olivaceous. Firm, with a strong pleasant odour, somewhat that of radish. Cortina obsolete. Easily distinguished by the colour of the gills. It varies larger, more robust, often irregularly shaped, with the stem unequal, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, obtuse and very repand, and the gills crisped. On the ground in woods. Frequent. Sept. The stem is sometimes streaked with pink. Name — lux, light ; fugio, to flee. Light-shunning. Shade-loving. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 345. Hym. Eur. p. 234. B. & Br. n. 792. C. Hbk. n. 334. Illust. PL 429. A . S. Mycol. Scot, n. 302. A. dulcamarus Pers. Ic. pict. t. 15.7. 2. B. Pileus adpressedly scaly, thinner, gills broader. A. albocrenatus Jungh. t. 6.f. 4. 559. A. sindonius Fr. — Pileus dingy white or at length becom- ing yellow, fleshy, somewhat thin, campanulate then convex, gib- bous, silky-velvety, becoming even, appendiculate with fibrils of the cortina when young, dry ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, soft, stuffed with a separate pith which disappears, then hollow, equal, at the first slightly fibrillose with the delicate cortina, then becoming smooth, white. Gills atten- uato-adnexed, linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, becoming whitish fuscous. The pileus is not fibrillose. It appears wholly different from A. geophyllus in its hollow stem and stature. In mixed woods. Rare. Sept. Name— mvSwv, muslin or fine linen. From the veil. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 346. Hym. Eur. p. 234. Berk. Out. p. 156. C. Hbk. n. 335. Illust. PL 400. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 303. Batt. t. 18. B.—Sow. t. 365 agrees very well, but is almost twice as large as the plant of Fries. 560. A. Clarkii B. & Br.— Pileus 16 mm. (^ in.) broad, 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, white, campanulate, silky. Stem 4 cent. (\l/z in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, slightly thickened at the base, flocculose. Gills adnexed, white-margined. 252 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Allied to A. sindonius, On the ground. Street, Somerset, 1871. Oct. Name— after J. A. Clark. B. & Br. n. 1345. C. Illust. PL 429. B. 561. A. geophyllus Sow.— Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) and more high and broad, normally while, somewhat fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, dry, becoming silky- even, then covered with longitudinal fibrils from the cuticle gaping open ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 more rarely 6 mm. (1-2, 3 lin.) thick, stuffed, slightly firm, equal, commonly tense and straight, smooth, white or tinged with the colour of the pileus and white-mealy at the apex. Cortina fibril lose. Gills almost free, rather broad, ventricose, crowded, whitish then becoming clay-fuscous, at length earth-coloured. Thinner than A. sindonius, A. lucifugus, &c., gregarious; odour earthy. The pileus varies in colour, violaceous-lilac (whitish when full grown), becoming fuscous, brick-red, be- coming yellow. On the ground in woods. Common. July-Nov. The variety lateritius is a remarkable one. It is not altogether red but stained persistently, retaining the colour when dry. Jedburgh, &c. Name — yn, earth ; wAAov, a leaf. From the earthy colour of the gills. Sow. t. 124. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 346. Hym. Eiir. p. 235. Berk. Out. p. 156. B. & Br. n. 1234*. C. Hbk. n. 336. Illust. PL 401. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 304. A. argiilaceus Pers. Ic. pict. t. 14. /. 2. A. affinis Pers. Ic. descr. t. i. /. i. Bull. t. 522. f. 2, too thin. 562. A. scabellus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) high and a little more broad, normally fuscous or fuscous-rufescent, slightly fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, at length also torn into scales outside the even umbo ; flesh dingy. Stem 4 cent. (\l/z in.) long, 1-2 mm. (Yz-\ lin.) thick, stuffed, thin, equal, tense and straight or flexuous, smooth, rufescent or becom- ing pale, obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Cortina not manifest. Gills adnexed, somewhat ventricose (but varying linear and narrow), more or less crowded, at the first not white but dingy, becoming fuscous. Stem sometimes hollow. Stature of A. geophyllus, but very much thinner, gregarious, inodorous ; the colour, which in A. geophyllus is typically white or lilac, is in this species fuscous or rufescent. A very changeable species. XXII. Agciricus {Inocybe) geo- phyllus. One-half natural size. DERMINI. 253 Among short grass. Little Orme's Head, £c. Sept.-Nov. inocybe. Spores granulated like A. fastigiatus. B. dr= Br. Name — scaber, rough. Roughish. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 347. Hym. Eur. p. 235. Icon. t. no. f. i. B. 6» Br. n. 1235, 1940*. C. Illust. PL 402. V. — VISCIDI. Pileus becoming even, viscid. 563. A. trechisporus Berk.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, umbo tawny, margin paler with a slight livid tinge, some- what membranaceous, convex, strongly umbonate, margin thin, at first viscid but soon dry and silky. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, white, slightly striate under a lens and mealy, nearly equal, except at the base, the outer coat of which is cottony. Gills emarginate, scarcely adnate, ventricose, pinkish grey, extreme margin denticulate. Spores bistre-brown, somewhat reniform, covered with granules. In woods among fern. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. It varies with the pileus whitish. Stem stuffed. Undoubtedly overlooked for A. geop/iyllus, from which it differs in the pileus being viscous when moist and in the colour being sometimes cinereous, Fr. Name — Tpaxvs, rough ; o-71-opa, seed. Rough-spored. Berk. Out. p. 156. t. 8. f. 6. B. & Br. n. 71. C. Hbk. n. 332. Illust. PL 403. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 305. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 236. Monogr. ii. p. 346. 564. A. vatricosus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, even, smooth, viscid in wet weather, when dry shining and obsoletely silky only round the margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, curved and contorted, white, not fibrillose, but white villous at the base and wholly white -pulverulent. Gills adnexed, broadly emarginate, almost free, broad, white then becoming fuscous. Inodorous. Quite singular in the pileus being viscid on the smooth disc and silky at the circumference; its habit but not its stature is that of A. geophyl- lus. The stem varies 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long; curved ascending when smaller, often flexuous when elongated. On dead stumps, &c. Bodelwyddan, 1863, &c. Sept. Before the veil is ruptured it looks like a smooth Lepiota, B. & Br. Name — vatricosus, with bad feet. From the distorted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 347. Hym. Eur. p. 236. Icon. t. no. /. 3. B. 6s Br. n. 1005. C. Hbk. n. 337. Illust. PL 403. b. 565. A. Whitei B. £ Br. — Pileus tawny, margin white and slightly viscid, convex, at first hemispherical, the shining white cortina fibrillose, at length expanded and wholly tawny. Stem 254 AGARICUS. inocybe. solid, shining white then tawny, becoming smooth. Gills ad- nexed, at first shining white. A very curious and beautiful little species, allied to A. vatricosus. Stature that of A. geophyllus. In pine wood. Rannoch, 1875. Oct- Name — after F. Buchanan White. B. & Br. n. 1527. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 306. C. Illust. PL 404. a. 566. A. tricholoma A. & S.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (lA-i in.) broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, orbicular, rather plane, depressed in the centre, fibrillose with white, adpressed, at length obsolete hairs, fringed at the margin with strigose hairs, viscid when moist, shining when dry; flesh thin, white. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, thin, slightly attenuated upwards, whitish, fibroso-scaly at the apex. Gills decurrent, thin, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, becoming at first pallid fuscous then clay-fuscous. In mixed woods. Herts., 1882, &c. Formerly referred by Fries to Flammula. Spores sphaeroid, echinulate, 4 mk. K. Name — from subgenus Tricholoma. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 236. Monogr. i. p. 350 (under Flammula). C. Illust. PL 404. A. gnaphalio-cephalus Bull, t- 576. /• i. (gills ferruginous) ? Kalchbr. t. 20. /. 3. Hebeloma. Subgenus XXL HEBELOMA (%fa, youth ; x^a, a fringe). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 249. The partial veil fibrillose or obsolete. Stem fleshy, fibrous, clothed, some- what mealy at the apex. Margin of the pileus at first incurved. Gills sinuato-adnate, edge more or less of a different colour, whitish. Cuticle of the pileus continuous, smooth, some- what viscid. Spores somewhat clay- coloured. Growing on the ground, strong-smelling, very much suspected, certain of them poisonous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 237. Hebeloma corresponds with Trich- oloma. The pileus is never fibrillose, and the veil is heterogeneous from the xxin. AgaricuS(Hebelom Br. Spores 11x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — for fastidibilis, fastidio, to loathe. From the disagreeable smell. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 329. Hym. Eur. p. 237. Icon. t. in./. 2. B. &•= Br. n. 905, 2004*. C. Hbk. n. 313. Illust. PL 406. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 307. A. gilvus Schceff. t. 221. A. obesus Schum. Batt. t. xv. D. B. pileus purple-brown Paul. t. 53. /. 2? 569. A. glutinosus Lind.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, yellow-white, the disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, regular, obtuse, with a tenacious viscous gluten, and slimy in wet weather, sprinkled with white superficial squamules j flesh whitish, becoming light-yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed, firm, somewhat bulbous, white-squamulose and fibrillose, and white- mealy at the apex, often strigose at the base, at length ferrugin- ous within. Partial veil manifest, in the form of a cortina. Gills sinuato-adnate, somewhat decurrent, crowded, broad, pallid then light yellowish, at length clay-cinnamon. Odour peculiar, mild. On branches and among leaves, oak and beech. Frequent. Sept.-Dec. So remarkably like A. lentus that I am inclined to think they are the same. See remarks under that species. Spores 5x4 mk. W.P. ; pruniform, 7 mk. Q. Name — gluten, glue. Glutinous. Lindgr. Bot. Not. 1845, p. 199. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 324. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Icon. t. 112. f. i. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24. C. Illust. PI. 430. 570. A. testaceus Batsch.— Pileus 4 cent. (\y2 in.) broad, brick-pale but more frequently ochraceous-tan or tan, somewhat opaque, fleshy, somewhat thin, campanulato- convex, then flat- tened, regular and well formed, obtuse, even, smooth, obsoletely viscid or dry; flesh watery, hygrophanous. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, somewhat fragile, hollow, solid how- ever and somewhat thickened at the base, fibrillose, becoming pale-white, white-mealy at the apex, somewhat squamulose. Gills attenuato-free, lanceolate, very thin, very crowded, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, at first ascending, pallid then clay-colour, some- what ferruginous. Cortina thin, fugacious. Odour weak, of radish. In woods and meadows. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name— testa, a brick. Brick-coloured. Batsch f. 198. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 329. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Berk. Out. p. 157. C. Hbk. n. 314. Illust. PI. 408. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 308. Klotsch. t. 387. DERM INI. 257 571. A. firmus Pers.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, brick- Hebeioma. red, fleshy, campanulate then flattened, ivnbonate, the broad um- bo darker, thin at the circumference, even, smooth, viscid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (%. in.) thick, solid, firm, some- what attenuated and commonly darker downwards, clothed throughout with vj\\\\.efloccose squamules. Cortina evident, white. Gills rounded, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, thin, arid, clay- colour then ferruginous, unspotted, but white-serrulated at the edge. The gills do not distil drops, hence they are unspotted. Odour weak. In fir woods. Laxton Park, 1875, &c- Feb., Oct. In the letterpress to ' Icones' Fries describes his plant as convex then plane, and notes that the plant of Persoon differs in being campanulate and umbonate. In the fig. of Fries the pileus is at length depressed. The British plant is that of Persoon. Berkeley has gathered a plant referable to this, in which the pileus was at first of a deep brown, changing to tan, and the gills adnate with a minute decurrent tooth. Spores ellipsoid, attenuated at both ends, even, 11-12x5-6 mk. K. Name— firmus, firm. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 5. f. 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 330. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Icon. t. 112. f. 3. B. 6° Br. n. 1531, 1942*. C. Illust. PL 409. 572. A. claviceps Fr. — Pileus pallid, convex then expanded, fleshy at the gibbous disc, even, naked. Stem stuffed, equal, everywhere white-mealy, fuscous downwards. Gills emarginate, crowded, arid, pallid. Wholly different from A. firmus P. in the smaller stature of all its parts, in the stem being fuscous downwards, in the pallid gills, chiefly however in \hepileus being convex then expanded and discoid, in no wise conical then campanulate. In mixed wood. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — clavus, a nail ; caput, head. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Monogr. \\.p. 346. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 309. C. Illust. PI. 410. A. clavus Batschf. 199 not Linn. B. & Br. n. 1236. 573. A. punctatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, fleshy, convex, soon plane, disc obtuse or gibbous, always how- ever darker and viscoso-papillose, at length depressed round the umber centre, like a smooth sugared cake, becoming pale when dry, when young superficially silky round the margin with the whitish fibrillose veil. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, in its earliest stage hollow, equal, here and there flexuous, dry, pallid, white-pruinose at the very apex, otherwise silky-fibrillose with the adpressed veil. Gills narrowed behind and arcuato-adnate, slightly ventricose, crowded, quite entire, narrow, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, plane, pallid. The cortina, which is never in the form of a ring, fugacious. Gregarious, VOL. I. R 258 AGARICUS. Hebeloma. growing in troops ; odour very weak, but not unpleasant, not that of radish. Most distinct from the minute (under a lens) viscous papillae on the pileus. In pine woods. Uncommon. Sept. Name — punctus, a point. Dotted. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 325. Hym. Eur. p. 239. Icon.t. 113.7. *• B' &> Br. ?i. 906. C. Hbk. n. 308. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 310. 574. A. versipellis Fr. Young.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, covered with a tenacious glutinous pellicle, like a smooth sugared cake, becoming pale at the disc, covered round the margin with glued white-silky villous down. Stem about (5 cent. 2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, tough, equal, remarkably white-silky with the evident cor- tina and white mealy above the ring formed by the cor Una. Gills rounded, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, quite entire, arid, almost white. Full grown, somewhat old. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, fragile, of one colour, dingy tan, opaque, dry, as if by the vanishing of the pellicle. Stem longer, not silky, but longitudinally fibrilloso-striate, easily split up into fibres, and at length, chiefly within, becoming fuscous. Gills 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, crowded, in no wise dotted or spotted, pallid then clay-cinnamon. It changes so much with age and weather that it is necessary to describe it separately when young and old. Pileus squamulose when young according to Lindgr. Odour weak, not unpleasant. Somewhat caespitose. Among fir-leaves. Uncommon. Aug. Smell like that of several species of Hymenogaster. B. dr° Br. Spores pruni- form, 12 mk. Q. Name — verto, to turn ; pellis, skin. From its change- able appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 326. Hym. Eur. p. 239. B. 6° Br. n. 907. C. Hbk. ?i. 309. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 311. Sterb. t. 20. B. 575. A. mesophseus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pale yellowish, or becoming pale, disc somewhat date-brown, slightly fleshy, conical then convex, then plane, even depressed and darker at the disc, viscous, even and commonly smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose, tough, equal, fibrillose, whitish then ferruginotts, becoming fuscous at the base, pruinose at the apex. Cortina manifest, but thin, fugacious. Gills rounded or emarginate, crowded, thin, plane, arid, not spotted, clay-ferruginous, the edge, which is not dotted and quite entire, of the same colour. Odour weak, almost none. Variable, growing in troops. The pileus is rarely silky round the margin like A. punctatus, &c. In pine woods. Uncommon. Spores 8x5 mk. W.P. Name— fieo-o?, middle; & Br> n- 9°8- C- Hbk- n- 310- Illust. PL 411. S. Hebeloma. Mycol. Scot. n. 312. Hoffm. Ic. t. 6. f. 2. minor. C. Illust. PL 412. 576. A. subcollariatus B. &. Br.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pallid, somewhat fuscous in the centre, somewhat fleshy, convex, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil vanishing. Stem stuffed, at length delicately fistulose, brown at the base and pul- verulent. Gills ventricose, separating, forming a short interrupted collar, clay-coloured, shining white at the edge. Allied to A. mesophczus, of which we were at first inclined to consider it a variety. On naked soil. Sibbertoft, 1881. Oct. Spores elliptic, uninucleate, 13 mk. B. & Br. Name — sub, and collare, a collar. From the gills forming somewhat of a collar. B. 6s Br. n. 1942. 577. A. senescens Batsch.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more in diameter, ochraceous-tawny, convex then flattened, slightly glutinous, delicately tomentose and white at the extreme margin. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, at first bulbous and fuscous down- wards, then, with exception of the shining white tomentose apex, squamulose, solid. Gills adnexed, crowded, at first pallid then cinnamon. Flesh white ; odour acrid. Sometimes semiglobose. Stem always dark below. Exactly resembling the figure of Batsch, which does not seem to have been noticed by Fries. Among fir-trees. Gwrwch Castle. Corstorphine. Sept. Name — senesco, to grow old. B. & Br. n. 1941 bis. C. Illust. PL 407. II. — DENUDATI. Pileus smooth, at the first with no cortina. 578. A. sinapizans Fr.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) and more broad, sometimes of one colour, clay, sometimes pale-yellow- ish at the disc, fleshy, compact, convex then plane, very obtuse, for the most part repand and often excentric, even, smooth, slightly viscid when fresh; flesh white. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, rigid, somewhat solid, equal or fusiform-rooted, fibrilloso-striate, white, white-squamulose at the apex. Gills deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, crowded, fragile, opaque, clay-cinnamon, always arid and unspotted, never distilling drops or dotted. The largest of this group. Corresponding remarkably with A. sinuosus, but readily distinguished by its strong odour of radish, and quite destitute of a veil. Solitary. Under trees in a field. Uncommon. Sept. 260 AGARICUS. Hebeloma. There is a repand form with arcuato-decurrent gills. Spores pruniform, 12 mk. Q. Name — sinapi, mustard. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 327. Hym. Etir. p. 240. B. & Br. n. 1237. Saund. & Sm. t. 2. C. Hbk. n. 311. Ilhcst. PL 413. Paul. t. 82. 579. A. cmstiliniformis Bull.— Pileus pale-whitish tan, most frequently pale-yellowish or brick-colour at the disc, fleshy, con- vexo-plane, obtuse or slightly gibbous with an obtuse umbo, somewhat repand, even, smooth, at first slightly viscid, not zoned ; flesh hyaline when moist. Stem stuffed, then hollow, stout, somewhat bulbous, white, naked, white-squamulose at the apex. Gills rounded-adnexed, crowded, narrowed, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad and linear, thin, whitish then clay-colour, at length date-brown, the tmequal edge guttate, distilling watery drops in wet weather, spotted when dry. Veil quite awanting. Odour strong, foetid, of radish. Very variable in stature; the stem, however, is never elongated as in A. elatus, &c.; in smaller specimens equal, pileus regular, gills almost adnate. In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Forming large rings. Smell like that of the flowers of the common laurel. A. planus Sow. is apparently a small form of this species, M.J.B. Poison- ous. Considered very dangerous. Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad. Spores ellipsoid, 10-12x5-7 mk. K.; 9x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — crustulum, a small pie.; forma, form. From the shape of the pileus. Bull. t. 308, 546. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 328. Hym. Eur. p. 241. Sverig. alt. o. gift. Sv. t. 64. Berk. Out. p. 157. t. g.f. i. C. Hbk.n. 312. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 313. Minor, C. Illust. PL 414. Picromyces pessundatus Bait. t. 47. B. gills date-brown. Paul. t. 152. 580. A. elatus Batsch.— Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, tan-colour, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid when moist, opaque becoming pale-tan when dry, margin very thin. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal and cylindrical, tense and straight, but the whole constantly twisted with spiral fibres, adpressedly fibrillose, pale-whitish, white-mealy at the apex. Gills rounded, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin). broad, not spotted, arid, not distilling drops, quite entire, pale cin- namon. Pileus sometimes only 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. Odour of radish very strong. Veil absolutely none. In larger specimens the stem has an appendage in the form of an ovate villous bulb, which is covered over with fir-leaves. Batsch f. 108 represents it perfectly; it differs, however, entirely from Cortin aritis elatior, which Persoon described for it. In pine wood, among moss and leaves. Uncommon. Oct.-Nov. Name— elatus, tall. Batsch f. 108. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 328. Hym. Eur. p. 241. B. & Br. n. 1238. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 314. Saund. &> Sm. t. 42. /. i (a curt form). DERMINI. 26l 581. A. longicaudus Pers.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, Hebeioma. clay-colour, the disc sometimes becoming fuscous, fleshy, not compact, convex then expanded, umbonate, at length repand, even, smooth, viscid ; flesh soft, watery, but not hygrophanous. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, fragile, equal or thickened at the base, obsoletely fibrillose, white, mealy at the apex, at length becoming tawny at the base. No cortina manifest. Gills arcuato-adnate, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, white-clay, at length cinnamon, serrulated and somewhat dotted at the edge. Odour weak, not unpleasant, in no wise that of radish. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 11x6 mk. W, G.S. Name — longus, long; cauda, a tail. Long- stemmed. Pers. Syn. p. 332. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 331. Hym. Eur. p. 241. Berk. Out. p. 157. t. 9. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 315. lllust. PL 415. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 315. Batt. t. 21. F. Var. radicatus C. lllust. PI. 416. 582. A. lugens Jungh.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, brown, becoming somewhat yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, somewhat viscid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, shining, Jibrilloso-striate, somewhat bulbous, white-mealy at the apex. Gills somewhat free, fragile, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid then ferruginous, crenulated and darker at the edge. Odour strong, but not of radish. Under beech. Lyndhurst. Name — lugeo, to mourn. Sombre in colour. Jungh. in Linn. v. p. 399. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 241. B. & Br. n. 1762.— Sterb. t. 19. H. 583. A. truncatus Schaeff.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, somewhat rufous, paler round the margin, compactly fleshy, convex then flattened, very obtuse, undulato-repand, very irregular, even, smooth or obsoletely superficially-silky round the margin which is at first inflexed and naked, scarcely viscous ; flesh thick, white. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid, robust, quite equal, white, the whole delicately pruinate under a lens, not fibrillose or squamulose. Cortina none. Gills emargi- nato-free, narrower behind, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, arid and not spotted, white then soon becoming pale or flesh- white, at length watery ferruginous, edge quite entire, but some- what repand. It varies with the pileus becoming pale, disc clay-coloured, margin white, and the gills very crisped, branched and anastomosing. Odour weak, not unpleasant. 262 AGARICUS. Hebeioma. On grassy bank. Dangstein, 1872. Sept. Spores ovoid, 10 mk. Q. Name — truncus, maimed, hence dwarfed. From the short stem. Schceff. t. 251. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 331. Hym. Eur. p. 242. B. & Br. n. 1346. C. Illust. PL 417. 584. A. nudipes Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, pale-tan or clay-colour, fleshy, not compact, convex then flat- tened, obtuse, unequal, even, smooth, viscid, scarcely perceptibly streaked, margin at first inflexed, then unfolded and ascending ; flesh watery when fresh, white when dry, moderately compact at the disc ; margin, however, thin, almost membranaceous, exceeding the gills. Stem about 6 cent (2% in.) long, 8-16 mm. (4-8 lin.) thick, solid, wholly fibrous, equal, sometimes straight, sometimes curved -ascending, smooth and wholly naked above, white. Gills broadly emarginate, crowded, dry, not spotted, quite entire, tan-colour. Odour weak but not unpleasant. Cortina none. Departing from all the others in the stem being quite smooth and naked, but clothed with a separable pellicle. In woods. Coed Coch, 1880, £c. Oct. Name — nudus, naked ; pes, a foot. Naked-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 2. H 7. 418." 332. Hym. Eur. p. 242.' B'. & Br. n. 1868. Kalchbr. t. 14.7. 4. C. Illust. 585. A. ischnostylus Cke.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (J-2 in-) broad, white or a little pallid at the disc, convex then expanded, and broadly umbonate, margin thin, slightly viscid, smooth, even. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, slender, }/%-l/€> in. thick, solid, equal or a little thickened at the base, smooth, naked. Gills rounded behind and adnate, slightly serrate at the margin, whitish then argillaceous. Inodorous, or with a faint odour of Spircea. Allied to A. nudipes. On the ground amongst grass. Shrewsbury, 1879. Sept. Spores .012 x .0075 mm. Name— loaves, thin ; orCAos, pillar. Thin-stemmed. Grevillea, vol. xii. /. 98. C. Illust. PI. 420. 586. A. capniocephalus Bull.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pale-yellowish, the disc darker, the margin at length be- coming black, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, smooth ; flesh whitish. Stem stuffed, attenuated downwards, rufesccnt-fibrilloso- striate, becoming pale. Gills emarginate, broad, scarcely crowd- ed, ferruginous. The flesh is thin at the sides according to the figure. DERMINI. 263 In mixed wood. Coed Coch, 1876, &c. Oct. Hebeloma. Fries contemplated joining it either with A. nudipes or A. diffractus. Name — Karros, smoke; Ke^oArj, head. Of the dingy pileus. Bull. t. 547. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 242. B. & Br. n. 1763. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 316. C. Illust. PI. 419- 1 1 1. — PUSILLI. Pileus scarcely an inch broad. 587. A. magnimamma Fr.— Pileus i scarcely ever 2.5 cent. (Y2, i in.) broad, at first brick-colour, at length becoming pale- yellowish, not hygrophanous, comparatively very fleshy at the disc, where it is remarkably swollen into a breast-shaped umbo, convex then plane with exception of the umbo, even at the cir- cumference; flesh white, thin towards the margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) rarely more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then narrowly fistulose, fibrous (not cartilaginous), equal, but here and there flexuous, smooth, naked, and without a manifest veil, pale- yellowish becoming pale. Gills obtusely adnate, somewhat sin- uate, crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, pallid at length ferruginous. The pileus is without the floccose-silky covering of A. petigenosus, to which it is allied. Among grass under apple-trees. Sibbertoft. Autumn. Name — magnus, large ; mamma, breast. From the umbo. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 299. Hym. Eur. p. 243. Icon. t. H4-/. 2. B. fir3 Br. n. 2005. 588. A. petigenosus Fr.— Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.) or a little more broad, slightly fleshy, conical then convex, somewhat umbonate, absolutely dry, the gibbous fuscous disc naked, hoary- silky with superficial closely adpressed fibrils at the circumference, when old rufescent or becoming yellow. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, tough, slender, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, white pulverulent, for the most part brick-rufescent, but varying becoming fuscous. Cortina none. Gills at the first slightly adnexed, soon free, ventricose, crowded, arid, light yellow then olivaceous-date-brown, under a lens often beautifully ciliated. It is not allied to any ; its habit is that of A. geophyllus. On the ground in beech wood. Cabalva. Name— petigo, scab. Scurfy. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 333. Hym. Eur. p. 243. Icon. t. 114. f. 4. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 75. 264 AGARICUS. Fiammuia. Subgenus XX1L PLAMMULA (flamma, a flame). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 250. Veil fibrillose or none. Stem fleshy -fibroiis, not mealy upwards. Pileus fleshy, mar- gin at first involute. Gills decurrent or adnate without a sinus, commonly quite entire, of one colour. A few grow on the ground, the greater num- ber on wood, passing into Pholiotas. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. If Fiammuia were restricted to spe- cies with truly decurrent gills it would correspond with Clitocybe. Spores mostly pure ferruginous ; some are fuscous - ferruginous, others tawny- ochraceous. The species appear late in the season. Taste insipid or bitter. XXIV. Agaric** (Fiammuia) N°nG edible« JlavidTis. One-half natural size. I. Qymnoti (yv/x^os, naked). Veil none ; pileus dry, most frequently squamulose. Spores ferruginous, in A. decipiens fuscous-ferruginous. II. Lubrici (lubricus, slimy). Pileus covered with a continuous, somewhat separable, smooth, -viscous pellicle ; cortina manifest, fibrillose. Spores ferru- ginous, not tawny, but fuscous-ferruginous in A. carbonarius. Gregarious, growing on the ground, rarely on wood. They correspond with the Hebelo- mata, but are easily distinguished by the gills not being sinuate, by the more viscous pellicle being somewhat separable, by the apex of the stem not being pruinose, and by the odour, &c. III. Udi (udus, moist). Cuticle of the pileus continuous, not distinct nor separable, smooth (here and there with a superficial covering) moist or a little viscid in rainy -weather. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Spores not tawny nor ochraceous. Allied to the Pholiotce, caespitose, growing on wood, most distinct from each other. IV. Sapinei (sapinus, pine). Pileus scarcely pelliculose (the flesh, however, scissile or torn above into scales), not viscous, at first somewhat incrusted. Veil fibrilloso-adpressed to the stem, not furnished with an appendiculate cor- tina, almost none, or forming an annular zone on the stem. They are distin- guished, however, by the gills being light yellow or yellow then tawny, and by the ochraceous or tawny spores. Somewhat caespitose, always on pine, but here and there on the ground among pine-branches, forming a series of species in very close sequence, but yet very distinct. V. Sericelli (slightly silky). Furnished with a cortina, cuticle of the pileus slightly silky, dry or at the first viscid. I.— GYMNOTI. Veil none; pileus dry, &>c. 589. A. gymnopodius Bull. Dark ferruginous. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, campanulato-convex, squamulose. DERMINI. 265 Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, Flammula. becoming smooth, equal. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Caespitose, most distinct. Stems ascending. On pine sawdust. Munsted. Name yu/xi/6?, naked; TTOVS, a foot. Smooth-stemmed. Bull. t. 6oi.f. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. C. Illust. PL 431. 590. A. vinosus Bull. — Pileus ferruginous-fawn, fleshy, ex- panded, at length depressed, dry, delicately flocculose. Stem solid, firm, somewhat thickened at the base, delicately flocculose like the pileus. Gills decurrent, crowded, simple, narrow, ferrug- inous. On the ground. Very rare. Morfa, Conway, &c. From the figure of Bulliard the pileus is very fleshy at the disc and very thin at the margin, and the gills very decurrent. Fries thought it might be a species of Paxillus, but Berkeley is now satisfied that it is a true Flammula. Spores 5 mk. B. & Br. Name — vinum, wine. Wine-coloured. Bull. t. 54. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. B. &> Br. n. 1943. C. Illust. PI. 437. 591. A. floccifer B. & Br.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, tawny, sprinkled with snow -white fibrils, somewhat fleshy, convex, ex- panded ; flesh tawny at the edge and beneath the cuticle, else- where white. Stem 4 cent. (\yz in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated downwards, white, with silky scales, umber within, furfuraceous within the pileus. Ring none. Gills moder- ately broad, rounded behind, adnate, scarcely ventricose, wrinkled transversely, ferruginous, edge white. Spores ferruginous. Casspitose. The pileus is somewhat zoned in drying. The habit is that of A. velutinus. On stumps of lime. Colleyweston. Oct. a flock of wool ; fero, to carry. From the white woolly fibrils on the pileus. B. & Br. n. 909. t. 14. /. i. C. Hbk. n. 340. Illust. PI. 438. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 245. 592. A. decipiens Smith.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rich brown, becoming pale, umbo almost white, fleshy, convex, dry, minutely squamulose ; flesh pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, rich tawny, often swollen, attenuated downwards, twisted, striate. Gills decurrent, crowded, moderately broad, luminous brown. Flesh within golden-yellow, bright brown at base. Ring none. Inclined to be fasciculate. Though at a first glance it resembles A. carbonarius, it differs greatly in the attachment of the gills, which are adnate in A. carbonarius. On burnt earth, charcoal, &c. Epping Forest. June. Spores bright tawny, oval, or with an apiculus at one end, 6x4 mk. W.G.S. 266 AGARICUS. Flammula. Name — decipio, to deceive. From its likeness to A. carbonarius. Worth. Smith in Journ. Bot. 1869, t. 95.7. 5-8. B. &> Br. n. 1241. C. Hbk. n. 348. Illust. PL 438. B. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 245. II. — LUBRICI. Pileus covered with a viscous pellicle, &*<:. 593. A. lentus Pers.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pale- 'whitish, disc often clay-colour, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, even, smooth, but very glutinous in wet weather; flesh of the same colour. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat stuffed, tough, equal, often viscid, whitish or becoming light yellow and villous at the base, clothed with floc- cose white reflexed scales. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, whitish, at length stained with the ferruginous spores. Gregarious or somewhat csespitose. In winter the pileus varies livid. At first it is sprinkled with separating scales. In mixed woods, chiefly beech and oak. Frequent. Sept.-Dec. I suspect this and A. (Hebeloma) glutinosus are one species. On examining the spores of a large number of specimens, growing at the same time within a limited area, I found the spores shading from the clay-colour of Hebeloma to the brighter colour of Flammula. The gills also were very sinuato-adnexed in younger specimens, and decurrent with a tooth when older. According to Fries it is found chiefly among beech-leaves, rarely on wood. Berkeley gives its habitat on stumps. I have found it both on the ground and on wood. Spores ellipsoid, 6-7x3-4 mk. K. Name — lentus, tough, pliant. Pers. Syn. p. 257. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. Berk. Out. p. 158. C. Hbk. n. 341. Illust. PI. 439, 440. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 317. 594. A. lubricus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, brick- red-tawny or bright cinnamon, tough, fleshy, convex then flat- tened, obtuse, occasionally depressed and repand, even, smooth, viscous, thin towards the even margin ; flesh white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, solid, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, dry, laxly fibrillose, whitish, at length becoming fuscous, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, some- what decurrent, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, pallid then clay- colour. Spores ferruginous. It varies larger, the pileus spotted with glued-down scales, &c. Sometimes pallid with the disc tawny. Scarcely strong-smelling. Very much allied to A. lentus. On trunks. Tunbridge Wells. Autumn. Name — lubricus, slimy. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. Icon, t. n6./. i. B. & Br. n. 1245. 595. A. lupinus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, like a smooth sugared cake or tan-fuscous, fleshy, convex and obtuse DERMINI. 267 then piano-depressed, even, smooth, covered with a viscous easily Flammuia. separable pellicle ; flesh soft, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 12 mm. (X in.) thick, curt, firm, thickened sometimes upwards sometimes downwards, whitish at the apex, otherwise ferruginous with dense adpressed fibrils, internally stuffed or hollow and be- coming ferruginous. Gills adnato-decurrent, moderately crowded, broad, clay-colour. Pileus comparatively very much dilated. Easily recognised by its -very strong and very bitter odour. There are two forms : — A. described above. B. milder, pileus tawny, stem and gills light yellowish. In pastures. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name — lupus, a wolf. From the colour of the fibrils. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. B. &> Br. n. 1528. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 318. 596. A. mixtus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- O"2 in-) broad, dingy tan, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, unequal at the disc which is somewhat compact like a smooth sugared cake and under a lens slightly wrinkled with gluten, paler towards the sloping margin, wholly smooth and even. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, tough, hollow, equal ; sometimes shorter, ascending, curved ; sometimes elongated, ftexuous, fuscous-fart7- lose (fibrils lax) ; whitish, clothed below with reflexed rufous-fus- cous scales and somewhat thickened at the base. Cortina mani- fest, fibrillose. Gills somewhat decurrent, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, white then clay-colour, unequal at the edge. Inodorous. Somewhat caespitose. The slightly firm flesh watery. The external appearance and colours are those of A. (Hebeloma) punctatus, &c., but in its whole nature it is nearest to A. lentus, lubricus, and lupinus. In pine and mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Name— mixtus, mixed. One among a number of allies. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 353. Hym. Eur. p. 246. B. & Br. n. 1239, bis. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 319. C. Illnst. PI. 474. Bull. t. 562.7. P.O. resembles it sufficiently well. 597. A. juncinus Smith.— Pileus 4 cent. (\y2 in.) broad, sul- phury yellow, disc rich brown, fleshy, hemispherical. Stem elon- gated, 10 cent. (4 in.) long, thin, attenuated downwards, clothed with a few fibres. Gills broad, very thin, red-brown. Veil none. Taste nauseous and disagreeable, somewhat bitter. Allied to A. mixtus. On dead bulrushes in an old clay-pit. N. Wooton. Nov. Name— juncus, a rush. Found on rushes. Worth. Smith in Journ. Bot. l873- P- 336. C. Illust. PI. 475. 268 AGARICUS. Fiammuia. 598. A. gummosus Lasch. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (T~2 in-) broad, pallid light yellow or becoming green, at length becoming fer- ruginous with the spores, paler at the circumference, fleshy, regu- lar, campanulate then soon flattened, obtuse or depressed, covered with a separable, viscid pellicle, and sprinkled with superficial floccose scales, even when these separate, smooth ; flesh thin, be- coming yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, or hollow when old, equal, tense and straight, rigid, silky-fibrillose, ferruginous -rubiginous at the base and for the most part when full grown, paler upwards. Gills adnate, crowded, narrow, at first white-light-yellow, then cinnamon. Inodorous, not bitter. On old stumps. Botanic Garden, Cambridge, &c. Dec. Name — gummi, gum. Viscid. Lasch Linn. 1827, n. 325. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 354. Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icon. t. n6./. 2. B. & Br. n. 1119. C. Hbk. n. 342. Illust. PI. 441. A. tricolor Tratt. Austr.f. 38. 599. A. spumosus Fr.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid light yellow, disc often darker, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, covered with a viscous separable pellicle, but naked (never sprinkled with squamules), even ; flesh watery, light yellow-green. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, thin, attenuated downwards, light yellow or of the same colour as the pileus, more or less fibrillose, but remarkably furnished with a cortina. Gills adnate, crowded, light yellow then ferruginous. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, inodorous, very viscous in rainy weather. It varies with the pileus light yellowish and the stem olivaceous-fuscous. In fir woods and on sawdust. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Spores 5 mk. B. & Br. ; 5x4 mk. W.G.S.; subellipsoid, 7-8x4 mk. K. Name — spuma, froth. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 354. Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icon. t. 116. / 3. B. 6^ Br. n. 1240. C. Hbk. n. 343. Illust. PL 476. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 320. 600. A. carbonarius Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, tawny, fleshy, convex then soon plane and often depressed at the disc, even, smooth, viscous, margin inflexed ; flesh slightly firm, yellow. Stem about 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in-) l°ng» 2 mm. (i lin.) rarely more thick, somewhat fistulose, rigid, equal or slightly thickened upwards, &or\\\osQ-squamulose, pallid, often blackish at the base. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious. Gills adnate, crowded, rather broad, becoming fuscous-clay-colour. The soil is often rolled together by the mycelium into a small bulb. The blackness at the base of the stem may be from its habitat. Densely gregari- DERMINI. 269 ous ; very much allied to A. spumosus, but very easily distinguished from all Flammula. the preceding species by the fuscous-ferruginous spores. Its stature also is smaller, its structure tougher and lasting long, and its colours more intense. On charcoal and burnt earth. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Name — carbo, charcoal. From its habitat. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 355. Hym. Eur. p. 247. B. & Br. n. 1120. Worth. Smith in Seem. Journ. 1869. C. Hbk. n. 344. lllust. PL 442. S. My col. Scot. n. 321. 1 1 1 . — U DI. Cttttcle of the pileus continuous, &*£. 601. A. fusus Batsch.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, somewhat brick-colour, fleshy, compact, convex then plane, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid ; flesh firm, pallid. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, firm, stuffed, attenuated in a fusiform manner downwards and \QQ\.z&,fibrilloso-striate, pallid. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Gills somewhat decurrent, not very crowded, pallid or light yellow then becoming ferruginous. Spores dingy ferruginous. Gregarious rather than caespitose. Odour not bitter, taste mild. The colour of the gills is variable, becoming green-grey, £c. On the ground and stumps. Worthing, &c. Nov. Nam t— fusus, a spindle. From the stem. Batsch f. 189. (Very small.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 355. Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icon. t. H7-/. i. var. C. lllust. PI. 433. 434- A. pomposus Boll. t. 5. A. hybridus Bull. t. 398. 602. A. astragalinus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, blood-saffron or golden-flesh colour, darker at the disc, pale at the circumference, fleshy, convex or lens-shaped then flattened, obtuse, somewhat moist in rainy weather, but not viscid, even, smooth, but when young siiperficially- silky round the margin with the very thin adpressed whitish veil; flesh firm, of the same colour, often becoming black when wounded. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, flexuous, scaly-fibrillose, pallid, scarcely darker at the base. Cortina manifest, appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, broad, when young pallid light yellow^ somewhat of the same colour as the pileus at the base, the obtuse edge flocculose when young. Somewhat caespitose. Spores scanty, pallid or dingy ferruginous. The attachment of the gills varies with situation. The colour is very peculiar, and cannot be easily described. Taste bitter, peculiar. On pine and fir stumps. Rothiemurchus. Glamis. Aug.-Sept. Although the colour of the flesh is the same it is always much brighter than that of the pileus. When exposed from being eaten by slugs the flesh does not turn black as it does when bruised. Name — aorpayoAti'os, a goldfinch. 2JO AGARICUS. Flammula. From colour. Where the flesh has been eaten the colour is exactly like that of the head of the goldfinch. Fr, Monogr. i. p. 356. Hym. Eur. p. 248. Icon. t. 117. /. 2. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 322. B. 6-= Br. n. 1944. C. Illust. PL 435- 603. A. alnicola Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, yel- low, at length becoming ferruginous and sometimes green, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, slimy when moist, but not truly viscous, at the first superficially fibrillose towards the margin: flesh not very compact, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, attenuato-rooted, commonly curved-flexuous, fibril- lose, at first yellow, then becoming ferruginous. Cortina manifest, sometimes fibrillose, sometimes woven into an arachnoid web. Gills somewhat adnate, broad, plane, at first dingy -pallid or yellowish-pallid, at length together with the plentiful spores ferruginous. The gills vary decurrent and rounded according to situation. Odour and taste bitter. There are two forms : A. pileus irregular, fibrillose round the margin ; gills at first dingy pallid. B. salicicola, pileus somewhat gibbous, smooth, rarely at the first floccoso-scaly ; gills at first yellowish-pallid. In natural affinity it seems, especially salicicola, nearest to Pholiota aurivellus. On old stumps. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Spores subellipsoid, 8x5 mk. K. Name — alnus, alder ; colo, to inhabit. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 356. Hym. Eur. p. 248. B. & Br. n. 1242. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 323. C. Illust. PL 443. A. amarus Bull. t. 562 (var. salicicola). Var. salicicola. On willow. Sept. Loch-an-Eilan. 604. A. flavidus Schaeff.— Pileus 2.5-12.5 cent. (1-5 in.) broad, bright light yellow, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, moist but not viscous, for the most part regular ; flesh white, then becoming light yellow. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, some- times attenuated sometimes thickened downwards, somewhat flexuous, fibrillose, light yellow, at length, especially at the base, becoming ferruginous. Cortina manifest, woven, adhering to the margin of the pileus, white, rarely almost in the form of a ring. Gills adnate, not much crowded, at first whitish, then light yellow, at length tawny-ferruginous. Spores plentiful. It can be safely distinguished from A. fascicularis and its allies by its purely ferruginous spores. Forming large clusters, but very vari- able in size, according as the weather is favourable to its growth. On fir, lime, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Name— -flavus, light yellow. Light yellowish. Scluzff. t. 35. Fr. Monogr. i- /• 357- Hym. Eur. p. 248. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. & Br. n. 792*. C. DERMINI. 271 Hbk. n. 345. Illust. PI. 444. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 324. Compare Trait. Flammula. Austr. f. 14. 605. A. inauratus Smith. Sulphury yellow.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more broad, fleshy, moist, smooth, furnished with a distinct veil. Stem somewhat hollow, incurved, clothed with innate scales. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, broad, pale- yellowish clay-colour. Taste mild, insipid. Allied to A.fiavidus and A. Junonius. On willows. North Wooton, Norfolk. Nov. Name—znauro, to gild. Gilded. From the colour. Worth. Smith. Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 336- C. Illust. PL 477. 606. A. conissans Fr. — Pileus 1-7.5 cent- (X~3 in-) broad, light-yellowish-tan, fleshy, thin, hemispherico-expanded, obtuse (varying umbilicate), smooth, moist ; flesh equal, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, white. Stem hollow, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, some- times equal, sometimes attenuated downwards, commonly 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, but often compressed and then 8-10 mm. (4- 5 lin.) broad, irregular, twisted, becoming light-yellow-white, white- villous at the base, scarcely becoming ferruginous. Cortina silky- fibrillose, appendiculate. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, very crowded, not exceeding 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, linear, whitish, at length becoming fiiscoits-clay-colour. Spores very plentiful, dark ferruginous. Densely caespitose, emitting an acid odour. It seems very different from A. flavidus, &c., thinner than these, with the habit of A. fascicularis. In woods, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores pruniform oblong, 7-9 mk. Q. Name — KOW, dust. From its shed- ding abundance of spores. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 358. Hym. Eur. p. 249. B. 6 Br. n. 1243. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 325. C. Illust. PL 445. A. pulverulentus Bull. t. 178. 607. A. inopus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, honey -tan or reddish-tan (not changeable), paler round the margin, fleshy, thin, convex then expanded, obtuse, slippery when moist, almost viscous, arid when dry, even, smooth; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus, hygrophanous, white when dry. Stem 7.5- 10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, thin, tough, flexuous, equal, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid, brick-colour downwards. Cortina fugacious. Gills adnate, thin, crowded, linear, light-yellow-white, sometimes green. There are two forms ; one figured by Bolton with the branched-rooted stem, densely caespitose ; the other (described by Fries) solitary or slightly csespitose. 272 AGARICUS. Flammula. Approaching nearer to A. astragalinus than to A.flavidus, &c., in its scanty and dingy ferruginous spores. On Scotch fir, larch, &c. Rare. Aug. Spores ellipsoid, 8 mk. Q. Name — inops, poor, scanty. From its shed- ding few spores. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 358. Hym. Eur. p. 249. Icon. t. 118. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. & Br. n. 1417*. C. Hbk. n. 346. Illust. PL 446. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 326. A. ramoso-radicatus Bolt. t. 148 (exactly). Batt. t. 22. C. (not descr.) 608. A. apicreus Fr. — Pileus yellow, becoming pale and tan, disc tawny, fleshy, thin, rather plane, even, smooth, moist. Stem hollow, equal, not rooted, pallid, with ferruginous fibrils at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, shining ferruginous. Somewhat caespitose. Odour mild. Very like A. alnicola, but the colour of the gills is somewhat unchangeable, flesh hygrophanous, &c. In pine wood. Glamis, 1874, &c. Sept. Spores pruniform, 6-7 mk. Q. Name — aTri/cpos, not bitter. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 249. B. & Br. n. 1529, 1945. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 327. C. Illust. PL 436. A. lignatilis Bull. t. 554 A. (B. larger). IV. — SAPINEI. Pileus scarcely pelliculose, &**c. 609. A. hybridus Fr.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first tawny-cinnamon, then tawny-orange, fleshy, hemispherical with the margin involute, then expanded, obtuse, regular and well formed, even, smooth, moist; flesh moderately compact, pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, at first stuffed with a soft pith, then hollow, attenuated (almost conico-attenuated) upwards, whitish with adpressed silky villous down (becoming tawny when the down is rubbed off), slightly striate, white-villous at the base, and somewhat mealy at the apex. Cortina manifest, in the form of an annular zone at the apex of the stem, white or at length coloured with the spores. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, light yellow then tawny, not spotted. Spores ochraceous. Growing in troops. On fir stumps and branches. Rare. Oct.-Nov. This does not seem to be A. hybridus Sow. t. 221, whose affinities are doubt- ful, M.J.B. Fries thinks A. hybridus Sow. may be a form of A. inopus. Spores 6x4 mk. IV. P. Name — a hybrid. Perhaps from its relation to species near it. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 360. Hym. Eur. p. 250. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. & Br. n. 1243*. C. Hbk. n. 347. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 328. 610. A. sapineus Fr. — Pileus commonly irregular and varying 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) in breadth, golden-tawny, opaque at the disc, paler and shining towards the margin, fleshy, compact, not scissile, DERMINI. 273 hemispherical then convexo-plane, very obtuse, absolutely dry, Flammula. the surface being covered with thin squamulose adpressed floe- cules, most frequently rimoso-scaly ; flesh thick, firm, but at length soft, becoming yellow. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long» I2 mm- (% inO thick, solid or hollow, but stout, irregularly shaped (often com- pressed), remarkably fleshy-fibrous, sulcate, even lacunose, naked, becoming yellow-pallid, turning fuscous when bruised, rooting at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, plane, 8 mm. (4 /in.) broad, golden, at length tawny-cinnamon. The remains of the yellowish cortina scarcely manifest, only adhering to the margin of the pileus. Somewhat caespitose, with a strong odour. It varies much, also caespitose and growing on the ground with an elongated fusiform- rooted stem ; but it is most distinct alike from A. hybridus, &c., and A. liqui- ritice, &c., which, however, it unites. A. picreus Pers. Ic. descr. t. 4. /. 7 is an old form of this. On pine-branches, sawdust, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Extremely variable, especially as to the breadth and mode of attachment of the gills. Remarkable, like A. spectabilis, for the bright colour of the spores. B. & Br. Spores subellipsoid, 8x5 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name— saptnus, a pine-tree. Growing on pine. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 361. Hym. Eur. p. 251. Icon. t. 118. / 3. B. & Br. n. 1006. C. Hbk. n. 349. Illust. PI. 447. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 329. 611. A. liquiritise Pers.— Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, bay-brown- or orange-tawTzy, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, con- vex then flattened, somewhat umbonate, even, very smooth, moist, the margin at length flaccid and slightly striate ; flesh thin, scis- sile, yellow. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, attenuated upwards, often unequal and curved, striate, somewhat naked (or obsoletely pruinate at the apex), tawny then ferruginous, yellow-tawny within, thickened and villous at the base. Cortina none. Gills obtusely adnate, and sometimes rounded, separating, plane, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, golden, then tawny, not spotted. Gregarious, somewhat csespitose, with an acid odour. Varying very much in structure and size, and approaching the Hebelomata in the gills being often somewhat sinuate. On fir. Mattishall, 1883. Oct. Taste sweet, like that of liquorice, M.J.B. Name — liquiritia, liquorice (corrupted from glycyrrhiza). From the taste. Pers. Syn. p. 306. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 362. Hym. Eur. p. 251. Icon. t. 119. /. i. 612. A. picreus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufous- or bay - brown - cinnamon, when older becoming pale and tawny, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, obtuse, regular, even, smooth, moist in rainy weather ; flesh very thin, not easily scissile, VOL. i. S 274 AGARICUS. Fiammuia. of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, tense and straight, when young everywhere white-pulverulent, umber. Cortina none. Gills ascending, crowded, narrow (scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad), yellow then becoming ferruginous, normally adnate, but varying decurrent and separating. Spores ferruginous. Caespitose, slender. There is a smaller variety with the pileus campanulate and rimuloso-papillate. On old deal boards, and pine-stumps. Rare. Spores sphseroid-ellipsoid, 8x5-6 mk. K.; 5x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — wiKpos, bitter. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 362. Hym. Eur. p. 251. Icon. t. ng./. 2. B. 6= Br. n. 1244. C. Hbk. n. 350. Illust. PL 448. V. — SERICELLI. Furnished with a cortina, &>c. 613. A. helomorphus Fr.— Pileus 12-18 mm. (^-^ in.) broad, white, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous or with a broad obtuse prominent umbo, often angular, viscid; when dry becoming ad- pressedly fibrilloso-even, the thin unequal margin inflexed, naked. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 rarely 6 mm. (2, 3 lin.) thick, solid, equal or not perceptibly attenuated from the base, ascending from the incurved base, wholly even and smooth, whitish. Gills plano-decurrent, very crowded, not 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, whitish, scarcely clay-colour. Stem slightly adpressedly silky upwards only under a lens. Spores pallid ferruginous, paler than in the rest of the species. In fir woods. Mossburnford. Nov. Spores pale brown, 4x6 mk. B. dr3 Br.; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — ^Ao?, a nail; /xop^,form. Nail-shaped. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 349. Hym. Eur. p. 252. Icon. t. 120. / 4 var. B. & Br. n. 1239. C. Hbk. n. 338. Illust. PL 449. A. S. MycoL Scot. n. 330. 614. A. scambus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (lA~i in.) broad, whit- ish, fleshy, thin, convex then plane and depressed, slightly silky, when young viscous in wet weather, but the viscus is soon ab- sorbed by the underlying down, so that it is commonly very dry, opaque. Stem 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) or little more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, curved-ascending, fiocculose or sprinkled with white mealy squamules, whitish, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, somewhat repand, light yellow-clay-colour. The stem has a paler line down the centre indicative of hollowness, and is fixed by the effused white naked mycelium. A very distinguished species, departing very much from the type. Gregarious, tough. Very changeable. There is a form with the stem attenuated and becoming ferruginous down- DERMINI. 275 wards, and with the pileus convex and umbonate, as much as 4 cent, (1% Flammnla. in.) broad. Pileus at length clay- white. In pine woods, on larch. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — Br. n. 1347. C. lllust. PL 457. b. Pers. t. 25. f. i (an old state). *** Gills adnate, pileus campanulate then expanded. 630. A. nuceus Bolt.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) broad, pale chestnut, somewhat membranaceous, globoso-campanulate, never flattened, umbilicate, smooth, slightly dotted, the incurved margin somewhat lobed. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, slender, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, but tough, fistulose, equal, with a small bulb at the base, silky-fibrillose, becoming even, white. Veil not conspicuous. Gills adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, semicircular (hence nar- rower behind but not sinuate), plane, often undulated, cinnamon. A wholly abnormal species, but the Swedish, Russian, and Scotch specimens agree so exactly that it seems quite typical. In pine woods. Rare. Oct. Spores ii x 6 mk. W. G.S. Name — nux, a nut. From its shape. Bolt. t. 70. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 372. Hym. Eur. p. 258. Berk. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. n. 362. lllust. PL 490. a. after Bolton. S. My col. Scot. n. 335. 631. A. scolecinus Fr. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, bay-brown-ferruginous, opaque, paler round the margin, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, sometimes umbonate, sometimes obtuse, even, smooth, fragile, at length striate round the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, rigid, fistulose, equal, often flexuous and curved, rufous-ferruginous, white-mealy at first everywhere, then at the paler apex, becoming fuscous at the base. Veil none. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, distinct, 282 AGARICUS. Naucoria. broader behind (scarcely beyond 2 mm., i lin., broad), whitish- flesh-colour then ferruginous, the flocculose edge ciliated. Spores dark ferruginous. On moist ground under alders. Powerscourt, Wicklow, 1867. Sept. Spores apiculate, 7 x 25 mk. B. & Br. Name— Br. Name — o-tSrjpos, iron. Ferruginous. From the stem. Bull. t. 588. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 373. Hym. Eur. p. 258. B. & Br. n. 1007, 1947. C. Hbk. n. 363. Illust. PL 458. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 336. 634. A. badipes Fr.— Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, pale DERMINI. 283 yellowish-ferruginous when moist, tan when dry, somewhat mem- branaceous, campanulate then convex, umbonate, quite smooth, pellucidly striate to the umbo when moist, even when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, exactly equal, firm and rigid, but often flexuous, ferrttginous, darker and becoming fuscous towards the base, variegated up to the middle ivith white floccose scales, above the middle wholly naked, even, paler. Gills adnate, ventricose, thin, somewhat distant, distinctt at length plane, pale yellowish-ferruginous. Allied to Galerce ; the margin of the pileus is almost straight and adpressed to the stem. The gills are so ventricose that when casually inspected they appear as if free. The partial veil is not evident ; but the scales on the stem are without doubt the fragments of a universal veil. Under larch. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Spores pruniform, 10-12 mk. Q. Name — badius, bay-brown ; pes, a foot. From the colour of the stem. A. badipus Pers. Syn. p. 318? Fr. Monogr. i. \ 374. Hym. Eur. p. 259. Icon. t. 123. /. 3. B. 6* Br. n. 1764. C. lllust. /Y. 491. a. II. — PH^EOTI. Pileus naked, &*c. * Pediadei, growing in fields and plains. 635. A. vervacti Fr. — Pileus light yellow or pallid yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, soft, even, smooth, slightly viscid, shining when dry ; flesh white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, rigid, stuffed then hollow upwards, equally attenuated, even, smooth, not rooted, whitish. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, exactly plane, at first pallid, at length ferruginous-fuscous. Veil quite obsolete. The stem is rather thick, attenuated sometimes up- wards, sometimes downwards. Gills at length ventricose. In meadows, gardens, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name — vervactum, fallow ground. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 376. Hym. Eur. p. 260. Berk. Out. p. 160. C. Hbk. n. 364. A. arvalis Bait. t. 13. F. 636. A. triscopus Fr. — Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, bay- brown when moist, ochraceous when dry, always opaque, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, obtuse, then convexo-plane, with a prominent umbo, even, smooth. Stem 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) ancl more long, stuffed then delicately fistulose, filiform, equal, curved or flexuous, smooth, opaque, ferruginous, umber at the base. Gills adnate, plane, thin, somewhat crowded, dark ferruginous. Spores dark ferruginous. Stature that of A. inquilinus, colour that of A. sparteus, to which it is somewhat like, but the stem is not tense and straight 284 AGARICUS. Naucoria. as in that species. It varies very small, very thin, with the pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pellucid-striate, and with distant gills. On old wood in a cellar. Kilburn, 1882. Name— Qpii-, hair ; irov's, a foot. From the hair-like stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 375. Hym, Eur. p. 259. Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 59. C. Illust. PL 458. b. 637. A.pediades Fr.— Pileus 2. 5-5 cent. (1-2 in.)broad,jK£// II lust. PI. 494. 642. A. temulentus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 C€nt- (X-1 in-) broad, ferniginous when moist, ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous,: somewhat membranaceous, somewhat fleshy at the disc, campan- ulate then convex, somewhat umbonate, smooth, striate at the cir- cumference when moist, even when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) \h\ck, fistulose with a pith, tough, equal, flex- uous or undulated on the surface, even, polished, smooth, pulveru- lent at the apex, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, some- what distant, attenuated in front, at first lurid-ferruginous, at length umber. The pileus is never depressed, nor has it a distinct pellicle. Veil none. Slender. Not allied to A. tenax, &c., and inclining towards Galerce. In open wood. Glamis, &c. Aug.-Sept. Name — temulentus, drunken. Full of moisture. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 379. Hym. Eur. p. 262. Icon. t. 125.7 2- B. & Br. n. 1530. S. Mycol. Scot. n- 339- C. Illust. PL 459. Batsch t. 7. fig. d. III. — LEPIDOTI. (Typical Naucorias.) Pileus flocculose, &c. * Squamules of pileus superficial, separating. 643. A. sobrius Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, honey- colour, disc darker, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, well formed, smooth, even, moist, scarcely viscid, very slightly silky, veil pruiitose, fugacious. Stem 4 cent. (ij£ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, moderately tough, straight or slightly bent, equal, pallid upwards, ferruginous-fuscous down- wards, occasionally sprinkled with slightly silky whitish spots (from the veil). Gills broader behind, obtusely adnate, somewhat distant, plane, 3 mm. (i j£ lin.) broad, paler than the pileus. The pileus is not bibulous and hygrophanous. Its habit is that of A.fur- turaceus, but it differs by many marks, and especially by the veil being so obsoletely squamulose, that traces of it appear only in the younger slate (on the margin of the pileus and stem), wherefore it is rather to be looked for among Gymnoti. On the ground in mixed woods. Rare. Sept.-Oct. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries describes the gills as crowded, as "saffron-yellow-pal- lid " and "whitish at the edge." In my'specimens they were scarcely crowded. The edge is whitish in var. dispersus. Name — sobrius, sober. Not bibulous ; not imbibing moisture. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 382. Hym. Eur. p. 263. B. 6* Br. n. 912. C. Hbk. n. 367. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 340. DERMINI. 287 Var. dispersus B. & Br.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, Naucorfa. ochraceous, convex, delicately marked with small dots, margin furfuraceous. Stem 18 mm.-2.5 cent, (tf-i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, thickened upwards or equal, furfuraceous ; ring appendiculate. Gills adnate, plane, pallid, white at the margin. On lawn. July. Name— dispersus, scattered. From its habit of growth. B. & Br. n. 1348. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 340. A. dispersus Pers. ** Pileus with innate squamules. 644. A. erinaceus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, ferrugin- ous-umber, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicate, scaly and prickly with very densely crowded, fasciculate flocci, squarrose, at the first involute at the margin and furnished with a cortina. Stem about 12 mm. (}4 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, equal, incurved, everywhere shaggy with strigose hairs, umber- ferruginous. Gills adnate, not much crowded, rather broad, quite entire, of the same colour as the pileus. The stem is adnate with the epidermis of the branches by a white, dilated, floccose base, not erumpent. Solitary, arid, persistent like Marasmii. On dead branches. Rare. Aug.-March. Name — erinaceus, hedgehog. Bristly. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 384. Hym. Eur. p. 263. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 370. Illust. PL 480. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 341. Sow. t. 417. A. adpressus Brig. t. 41. f. 1-5. A. aridus Pers. Batt. t. 28. /. K. 645. A. siparius Fr. Wholly rufous-ferruginous.— Pileus 6- 10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, ob- tuse, not umbilicate, densely villoso-squamulose ; flesh thick, soft, not arid. Stem 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 mO long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat soft, equal, tense and straight, almost every- where covered over with scaly villous down which takes the form of a veil sheathing the lower part, the apex being destitute of this covering and pruinose. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, broad, quaternate, £.&%£. flocculose. In the stem there is a very obsolete small tube, not visible to the naked eye. The floccoso-scaly covering is a universal veil, as in A. granulosus, and the margin of the pileus is appendiculate with fragments of the veil. Analogous with A. erinaceus. The flesh is thicker and softer than in that species. On wood, soil, cases of caddis-worm, &c. Rare. July. Found by Fries on withered stems of Aspidlumfelix mas. Na.me—siJ>arius, a curtain. From the covering formed by the veil. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 385. Hym. Eur. p. 263. Icon. t. 126. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 371. 288 AGARICUS. Naucoria. Illust. PL 480. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 342. A. vestitus Chev. Par. p. 215. t. 6.f. 9 (short-stemmed, young). 646. A. conspersus Pers.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) broad, day-brown- or rufous-cinnamon when fresh, ochraceous when dry, very hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, campanulato - convex then flattened, obtuse, at first rather even, soon furfuraceous and broken up into small scales. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, fibrillose, cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, squamuloso-fiirfuraceous at the apex. Gills at first ad- nate, then emarginato-jv^fortf/z;/^, crowded, sometimes linear, sometimes ventricose, dark cinnamon ; edge entire, of the same colour. The gills retain their dark colour in every stage of growth. Gregarious, fragile. In boggy places a remarkable variety occurs twice or thrice as large in all its parts, with the stem long, twisted, umber, white-tomentose at the base, with the pileus umbonate, 4 cent, (ij^ in.) broad, fuscous-rufescent, and with the gills broader. On the ground and among leaves in woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — conspersus, besprinkled. From the scales. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 12. /. 3. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 383. Hym. Eur. p. 264. B. 6° Br. n. 911. C. Hbk. n. 369. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 343. Krombh. t. 3. f. 12. 647. A. escharoides Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, tan then whitish, disc at length becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, soft, conico-convex soon flattened, obtuse, without striae, squamu- loso-furfuraceous ; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent (1-2 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fragile ^fistulose, equal, flexuous, adpressedly fibrillose (becoming smooth), pallid, at length becoming fuscous, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Gills at first adfixed, even decurrent with a tooth, at length emarginate, somewhat free, ventricose, broad, lax, pallid-tan, at length some- what cinnamon with the spores. Very changeable, but very easily distinguished from all neighbouring species by the primitive colour of all its parts being pallid. Gregarious, somewhat csespitose. On bare damp ground. Apethorpe. Aug. Exactly the plant of Schaeffer t. 226. Pileus campanulate, obtuse, slightly fleshy, umbonate or umbilicate, sometimes plane, hygrophanous, innato- squamulose, often venulose, tawny at length pallid ; veil white, evanescent ; stem flexuous, nearly equal, clothed with white fibrils, pale, ringless, fistulose ; gills broad, bright cinnamon, distant, fixed, acute behind, at length seceding. Brittle, B. 6" Br. Spores of a pure ochre, not peroxidate, 16-17 mk. B. &* Br. Name — eschara, scab. From the scabby or scurfy scales. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 383. Hym. Eur. p. 264. B. & Br. n. 1122. C. Hbk. n. 368. Schceff, t. 226. var. DERMINI. 289 *** P ileus destitute of scales, silky or sprinkled with atoms. Naucoria. 648. A. carpophilus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat tan when moist, pallid, even whitish when dry, hygro- phanous, somewhat membranaceous, convex, obtuse, furfurate with shining atoms, sometimes at the same time floccoso-squam- ulose. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, filiform and sometimes capillary, stuffed or obsoletely fistulose,/t'Aos, loving. From its usual habitat on fruit of beech, &c. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 386. Hym. Eur. p. 265. Icon. t. 126. f. 4. B. & Br. n. 910. C. Hbk. n. 372. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 344. 649. A. graminicola Nees.— Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, fus- cous then fawn-ochraceous, somewhat membranaceous, convex, papillate, shaggy-tomentose. Stem slender, tough, hirsute, be- coming fuscous. Gills slightly adnexed, somewhat distant, pallid- ochraceous. Remarkable. Under a lens the pileus is covered with strigose hairs. On stalks of grass. Glamis, 1874. Oct. The specimens which I submitted to Berkeley have confirmed the opinion that it is a true Naucoria, a point which was doubtful when ' Hym. Eur.' was published. Name— gramen, grass ; colo , to inhabit. Growing on grasses. Nees. Syst.f. 186. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 265. B. & Br. n. 1532. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 345. Krombh. t. "$.f. 13 (handsomer, stem branched). Submenus XXIV. PLUTEOLUS (from Pluteus, a subgenus of Piuteoius Hyporhodit). Pileus slightly fleshy, viscid, conical or campanu- late then expanded, the margin at the first straight, adpressed to the stem. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, separate from the hy- menophore. Gills rounded-free, wholly like those of Plutei. Fr. Hym. Etir. p. 266. Analogous with Plutei. 650. A. reticulatus Pers.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, vio- laceous, varying fuscous and livid grey, slightly fleshy, campanu- late then expanded, umbonate when full grown, somewhat repand, VOL. i. T 290 AGARICUS. Piuteoius. at first viscous and covered over with a network of anastomos- ing veins, when full grown more even or slightly pitted, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, hollow, equal, fragile (but the cuticle becoming polished-even or car- tilaginous), fibrillose, white, mealy at the apex. Gills planely free, ventri- cose, crowded, arid, dingy cinnamon. Spores dark ferruginous. On dead wood. Rare. In the young state the pileus is of a delicate bistre, and it is only in age that it assumes a violet tinge, apparently from the colour of the spores being partly seen through the flesh. Care must be taken to distinguish it from XXVI. Agaricus(Pluteolus)reti- such species as A. phlebophorus, M.J.B. culatus. One-half natural size. Name — rete, a net. From the network of veins on the pileus. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 4. f. 4-6. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 387. Hym. Eur. p. 266. Berk. Out. p. 162. t. 9. /. 5. C. Hbk. n. 373. Illust. PL 495. 651. A. aleuriatus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (lA-i in.) broad, bluish-grey, livid, rose-colour, somewhat membranaceous, conical then convexo-plane, viscous, striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, incurved, pulverulent, white. Gills free, ventricose, saffron-ochraceous. In structure and nature it is very closely allied to A. reticulatus, and does not differ from it except in the stature of all its parts being smaller and thinner, in the fistulose incurved stem being everywhere white-pulverulent, in the 'pileus being somewhat membranaceous, striate but by no means wrinkled, and in the gills being saffron-ochraceous and the spores bright ochraceous. On rotten sticks, &c. Coed Coch. Oct. Name — aAevpov, flour. Dusted over. From the pulverulent stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 388. Hym. Eur. p. 266. Icon. t. 126. /. 5. B. & Br. n. 1123. C. Hbk. n. 374. Gaiera. Subgenus XX V. GALERA (galerus, a cap). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 264. Veil none or fibrillose. Stem somewhat cartil- aginous, continuous with the hymenophore, tubular (tube some- what hollow). Pileus more or less membranaceous, conical or oval then expanded, striate, margin at the first straight, addressed to the stem. Gills not decurrent. Slender, fragile. DERMINI. 291 The typical character differs manifestly from Naucorise, but Gaiera. in one or two species of the Naucorise the margin is scarcely distinctly incurved, though from the habit and other marks these may be reckoned among the Naucoriae, such as A. cncumis, cidaris, and badipes. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 266. Gaiera corresponds with Mycena and Nolanea. Spores ochrey-ferruginous. Mostly autumnal, and growing on the ground. * Conocephali (KWI/O?, cone ; Ke^aArj, head). Pileus conico - campanulate, hygrophanous, rather even, -when dry dotted with soft par- ticles ; stem tense and straight ; gills ascend- ing, inserted in the top of the cone, somewhat crowded. Veil none. * Bryogeni (ppvov, moss; yevea., birth). Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, striate, smooth, hygrophanous, even when dry, opaque, very slightly silky ; stem thin, lax, Jlexile ; gills broadly and planely adnate, broad, somewhat denticulate. Slender, grow- ing among moss, cortina very fugacious. *** Eriodermei (epiov, wool ; Sep/ua, skin). Pileus somewhat membranaceous, veil manifest, superficial, separating, at the first (chiefly round the margin) silky and squamulose. Compare Tubaria, A. paludosus, &c., with decurrent gills. XXVII. Agaricits (Gaiera) tener, One-third natural size. * CONOCEPHALI. Pileus conico-campanulate, &c. 652. A. lateritius Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) \\\g\\, pale yellow- ish when moist, ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, membran- aceous, acorn - shaped then campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly and densely striate at the margin when moist. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, atten- uated upwards, tense and straight, even, but white -pruinose, whitish. Gills adnexed in the top of the cone, hence appearing as if free, ascending, very narrow, crowded, cinnamon. Gills almost adpressed to the stem, almost pendulous. Remarkably analo- gous with A. ovalis, but easily distinguished by the linear gills and the absence of a veil ; very fragile. In rich pastures. Rare. Sept. Spores 11x5 mk. W. P. Name— later, a brick. Brick-red. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 390. Hym. Eur. p. 267. Icon. t. 127. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 162. C. Hbk. n. 376. Illust. PI. 460. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 346. Fl. Dan. t. 1846,7. 2. Batt. t. 28. T. 653. A. tener Schaeff.— Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) and more high, 2 Q2 AGARICUS. r.aiera. of one colour, pallid ferruginous when damp, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, conico-campanu- late, commonly smooth, slightly striate when moist, wholly even when dry, opaque, somewhat atomate. Stem commonly 7.5- 10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, fragile, equal or when larger thickened downwards, tense and straight, somewhat shining^ striate upwards, of the same colour as the pileus when moist, and like it becoming pale when dry. Gills adnate in the top of the cone, appearing as if free, ascending, somewhat crowded, linear, cinnamon. The gills though linear are conspicuously broader than those of A. lateritius. Very changeable, larger and smaller. A notable form is A. pilosellus P. (on rotten wood), pileus and stem when moist pubescent with short erect tender hairs. Var. growing in drier weather : A. gilvo-brunneus Jungh. t. 6.f. 12. Pastures and grassy places in woods. Common. May-Nov. Spores ellipsoid, 14-21 x 8-12 mk. K. ; 14-8 mk. W.G.S. ; 14 x 7 mk. IV. P. Name — tener, tender. Schceff, t. 70. /. 6-8. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 391. Hym. Eur. p. 267. Berk. Out. p. 162. B. & Br. n. 2005*. C. Hbk. n. 377. Illust. PL 461. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 347. Sow. t. 33.7. i. Bull. t. 535.7. i. Bolt. 66. f. 2. Brigant. t. 19. f. 5-10. 654. A. ovalis Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high and broad, ferruginous when moist, becoming yellow when dry, somewhat membranaceous, ovali - campamtlate, margin straight and ad- pressed to the stem, obtuse, even. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, tense and straight, slightly striate, of the same colour as the pileus. The partial veil fugacious, but at the first here and there in the form of a ring. Gills some- what free, very ventricose, very broad, crowded, ferruginous, some- what deliquescent. Large, very fragile, with the nature of the Pratellce. On dung and among grass. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — ovalis, oval. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 389. Hym. Eur. p. 268. Berk. Out. p. 162. C. Hbk. n. 375. Illust. PI. 462. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 348. A. campanulatus Bull. t. 552. /. i. 655. A. antipus Lasch. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) broad, deep ochraceous when moist, pale almost white when dry, hy- grophanous, campanulate then expanded, with a slightly fleshy prominent disc, but not umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh white when dry. Stem curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, paler than the pileus, tense and straight, striate, mealy, bulbous at the base, with a long, tortuous, smooth, tail-like root. Gills almost free, atten- uated behind, crowded, semi -lanceolate, light yellowish -ochra- ceous then at length cinnamon. DERMINI. 293 Single, slightly rigid. Spores rubiginous. Galera. On soil in gardens, and on dung. Rare. March. Spores 15-18 x 8 mk. B. & Br. Name — avri, opposite ; TTOU'S, a foot. Ap- parently of the root as compared with the stem. Lasch n. 401. Fr. Hym. Erir. p. 268. Monogr. ii. /. 303. Icon. t. 128. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1251. C. Hbk. n. 378. Illust. PL 463. a. 656. A. confertus Bolt. — Pileus fuscous, fuscous-ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, acutely conico-campanulate, striate, smooth. Stem slender, silky, shining, naked, the equal base very deeply rooted. Gills slightly adnexed, . somewhat distant, white then becoming fuscous-ochraceous. Spores fuscous-ferruginous. Very crowded, somewhat caespitose, very fragile. In hothouses, &c. Halifax. In large specimens it is about 2.5 cent, (i in.) in diameter. Bolt. Name— confertus, crowded together. Bolt. t. 18. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 268. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 379. Illust. PI. 463. b. after Bolton. 657. A. sparteus Fr. Watery ferruginous or cinnamon, becom- ing pale. — Pileus 12 mm. (}£ in.) broad, hygrophanous, tan when dry, membranaceous, campanulato-convex then expanded, obtuse, striate, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent- 0~2 in«) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, delicately fistulose, tense and straight but flexile, polished, smooth, darker somewhat date-brown at the base. Gills wholly adnate, somewhat linear, crowded, at length plane, darker than the pileus. Gregarious, very tender. It holds an intermediate place between this and the following group, approaching nearest to species in this on account of the obtuse pileus, crowded gills, and tense and straight stem. Pileus pellucid- striate when moist. Among moss. Rare. Sept. Name — spartum, a grass, esparto. Probably from the stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 392. Hym. Eur. p. 269. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 380. Illust. PI. 481. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 349. A. atrorufus Bolt. t. 51. /. i. 658. A. pygmaeo-affinis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, somewhat fuscous or honey-colour then tan, fleshy-membran- aceous, campanulate then flattened, dry, without striae, but deli- cately and under a lens conspicuously reticulato-wrinkled, almost rugged. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fis- tulose, fragile, perfectly equal, shining white, obsoletely pruinose at the apex only when young. Veil scarcely any. Gills slightly reaching the stem, almost free, crowded, thin, quite entire, when young clay-ochraceous, when full grown ferruginous-ochraceous. 294 AGARICUS. Galera. Like A. pygmceus, but differing in the elongated stem, &c. In a cucumber-house. West Lynn, &c. Nov. Fries gives as its habitat grassy places in walks shaded by trees. Spores 8x4 mk. W.P. Name — affinis, allied to A. pygmceus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 389. Hym. Eur.p. 269. Icon. t. 128. /. i. C. Illust. PL 481. b. ** BRYOGENI. Pileus membranaceous^ campamilate, &>c. 659. A. vittseformis Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) broad, date-brown when moist, membranaceous, conical then hemispheri- cal, obtuse, even at the disc, striate towards the margin, smooth. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (Yz-\ lin.) thick, fis- tulose, equal, somewhat straight, but not tense and straight, smooth or sometimes pubescent, slightly striate under a lens, opaque, rubiginous. Veil scarcely conspicuous. Gills adnate, broader at the middle, in the form of a segment when larger, somewhat ascending, somewhat distant, at first watery-cinnamon^ at length ferruginous. A smaller form, corresponding with the figure of Schaeffer, has the pileus papillate, the gills linear, and the stem paler. Among moss and grass. Perth, &c. Nov. Name— mtta, a chaplet ; forma, form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 393. Hym. Eur. p. 269. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 350. C. Illust. PI. 464. a. A. campanulatus . t. 63. /. 4-6 (stem light yellowish). 660. A. rubiginosus Pers. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, cinnamon or honey colour when moist, tan when dry, hygrophan- ous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate throughout, smooth, even when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, Jt/if arm, fis- tulose, tough, flaccid, smooth, shining, bay-brown or dark ferrugi- nous. Gills adnate, ascending, rather broad, but almost linear, distant, ochraceous. It varies with the stem pubescent under a lens. Among the taller mosses the stem is elongated, and more tense and straight. The gills do not become pale. Intermediate between A. vitttzformis and A. hypnorum. Among moss. Kew Gardens, 1866. Sept.-Oct. Name — rubigo, rust. From the colour of the stem. Pers. Syn. p. 385. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 394. Hym. Eur. p. 269. Icon. t. 128. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 1252. C. Illust. PL 464. b. minor. Mich. Gen. t. 75.7. 8. 661. A. hypnorum Batsch.— Pileus 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) broad, ochraceous- pale -yellowish or watery-cinnamon, tan when dry- hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, most fre- quently papillate at the umbo, but varying obtuse, lineato-striate DERMINI. 295 except at the disc, smooth. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, fis- Gaiera. tu\ose,faxu0us, lax, smooth, butprutnose at the apex, sometimes rigid and slightly tawny, sometimes filiform, almost capillary and lemon-yellow or ochraceous. Gills adnate, broad, ventricose, distant, commonly connected with veins, cinnamon-tawny, floc- culose at the edge. Pileus more fleshy at the disc. Small, thin, assuming many forms. Among moss. Common. July-Nov. Requires to be cautiously distinguished from small A. melinoides. Attend to the difference of the margin, M.J.B. In ' Elenchus ' (p. 35) Fries thus defines the differences between A. tener, A. melinoides and A. hypnorum : — 1) A. tener, stem tense and straight, pileus conical, gills linear and ascending ; 2) A. melinoides, stem somewhat tense and straight, unequal, pruinate, paler, pileus fleshy -membranaceous, gills triangular; 3) A. hypnorum, stem more flexile and pruinate, pileus campanulate and somewhat papillate, gills distant and broader. Name — hypnum, a moss. Growing among mosses. Batschf. 96. Fr. Monogr. \. p, 394. Hym. Eur. p. 270. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 382. Illust. PL 465. S. MycoL Scot. n. 351. Sow. t. 282. Bull. t. 560. / i. C-E. * A. sphagnorum Pers. — Twice or thrice as large, yellow- ochraceous ; pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, disc broad ; stem longer, 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.), and firmer, fibrillose, tawny. In marshes among Sphagna. Name — sphagnum, bog-moss. Pers. — Fr. Monogr. \. p. 394. Hym. Eur. p. 270. B. 6s Br. n. 1008. C. Hbk. n. 383. S. MycoL Scot. n. 351. Bull. t. 560.7. H. 662. A. mniophilus Lasch. — Pileus 12 mm. ()4 in.) and more broad, fuscoiis-light-yellowish, almost clay-colour when dry, mem- branaceous, campanulate, almost papillate, striate, disc even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, flexile, fibrillose, yellow, mealy at the apex, floccose at the base. Gills obtusely adnate, piano-ascending, broad, somewhat distant, light ^//00/wA-ochraceous, in some becoming fuscous-clay-colour. Scarcely different in its essential marks from A. hypnorum. Among Mnium. Rannoch, &c. Sept.-Oct. Name — ^vlov, moss ; <£tXos, loving. Lasch n. 410. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 270. Monogr. \. p. 395. S. MycoL Scot. n. 352. C. Illust. PL 496. a. Schcz/. t. 63. excluding^x 4-6. Mich. t. 80. f. 8. 663. A. minutus Quel.— Pileus 2-3 mm. (i-i# lin.) broad, chamois-bistre, membranaceous, campanulate, striate. Stem i cent. (l/z in.) long, somewhat capillary, smooth, tawny, shining, base webbed-spreading and white. Gills adnato-arcuate, as broad 296 AGARICUS. Gaiera. as long, moderately crowded, yellowish then clay-colour with the edge whitish. Among moss. Wrotham, Kent, &c. Sept.-Oct. Spores pruniform, 6 mk. Name — minutus, very small. Quel. iii. /. 10. /. i./. 5. B. & Br. n. 1656*. C. Illust. PL 466. b. S. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24. *** ERIODERMEI. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, &C. 664. A. ravidus Fr.— Pileus 1-4 cent. ()£-iX in-) broad, of a peculiar greyish colour, fleshy-membranaceous, at first campanu- lato-hemispherical, even, moist, almost slightly viscid, but very hygrophanous, and hence somewhat silky when dry, when young appendiculato-toothed with the white veil. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, very fragile, ascend- ing or twisted, equal, pallid (becoming somewhat yellow) but silvery-shining, fibrilloso-striate, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Gills somewhat free, broad, ventricose, distant, ochraceous-saffron or pale yellowish. Gregarious, fragile. Among chips. Name — ravus, grey. Greyish. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 389. Hym. Etir. p. 271. C. Illust. PL 467. a. 665. A. mycenopsis Fr.— Pileus about 12 mm. (y2 in.) broad, pallid honey-colour, slightly fleshy-membranaceous, somewhat globose then campanulate, at length convexo-plane, obtuse or gib- bous with a broadly elevated disc, naked and even at the disc, striate and silky with superficial white-villous down to the middle. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, sometimes straight (but not tense and straight), some- times undulated, attenuated upwards, yellowish, but white silky with adpressed villous down, obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills so ventricose at the middle as almost to be triangular, dis- tant, at first adnexed, at length somewhat free, pallid, the edge delicately flocculose. In a plant very like this the gills are adnate, very broad behind, at length plane, becoming whitish-yellow. In marshy ground, in a wood among Sphagna. King's Cliffe. Aug.-Oct. Our plant belongs to the variety mentioned by Fries, with adnate gills. Pileus with the margin clothed with little white scales, the remains of the veil ; stem slightly furfuraceous above ; gills adnate, not merely fixed with a tooth. DERMINI. 297 This species has occurred with pallid gills entirely devoid of spores. B. & Br. Galera. Name — fy<-s, resemblance. Mycena-like. Fr, Monogr. i. p. 395. Hym. Eur. p. 271. Icon. t. 129.7. i. B. & Br. n. 1124. C. Hbk. n. 384. Illust. PI. 467. b. Hoffm. Ic. t. 6. a. Subgenus XXVI. TUB ARIA (tuba, a trumpet). — Worth. Smith Tubaria. in Seem. Journ. 1870. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, fistulose. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, often clothed with the universal floe- cose veil. Gills somewhat decurrent. Spores ferruginous or (in Phasoti) fus- cous-ferruginous. The species re- ferred to this subgenus were taken from Naucoria and Galera because they correspond with Omphalia and Eccilia. The pileus is, however, dis- tinctly umbilicate or depressed in only a few of them ; the others are placed here on account of their somewhat de- current gills, which are broadest be- hind and triangular. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 272. * Genuini (typical species). Spores ferrug- inous. ** Phaeoti (clouds, dusky). Spores fuscous-ferruginous. XXb'UI. Agaricus (Tubaria) furfuraceus. One-half natural size. * GENUINI. Spores ferruginous. 666. A. cupularis Bull.— Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufescent then light yellowish, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, slender, fistulose, naked, attenuated upwards, whitish. Gills decurrent, crowded, tawny. On mountainous heath. Creag Maoiseach, Strathtay, 1877. Aug. Spores brown-ferruginous. Name— cupularis, cup-shaped. Bull. t. 554. /. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 272. B. & Br. n. 1657. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 353. 667. A. furfuraceus Pers. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (lA~i in.) broad, pale cinnamon, becoming pale, hoary-tan when dry, slightly fleshy, convex and obtuse when young, flattened and umbilicate when more grown, slightly and somewhat pellucidly striate when moist, when dry even and slightly silky, covered chiefly 298 AGARICUS. Tubaria. round the margin with the hoary, silky-squatmdose veil. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, floccoso-furfurate at least when young, villous at the base with the effused white mycelium, of the same colour as the pileus, and deeper in colour as the pileus becomes pale. Gills somewhat decurrent, very broad at the stem, more or less distant, bright cinnamon. Very polymorphous. Gregarious, very hygrophanous, not viscid, at length fragile. The gills scarcely change colour. On twigs, stalks, &c. Common. Jan.-Dec. Name — -furfur, bran. Branny, scurfy. Pers. Syn. p. 454. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 382. Hym. Eur. p. 272. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 387. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 354. Var. C. Illust. PL 483. A. squarrosus Bull. t. 535. /. 3. Batsch f. 98. 668. A. paludosus Fr.— Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, pale yellowish-fuscous, but everywhere silky with superficial pallid flocci, somewhat membranaceous, at first conical, then convex, um- bonate with a very prominent papilla, without strice. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick at the base, attenuated towards the apex where it is only i m. (}4 lin.) thick, fistulose, flexuous, ochraceous; paler, white-villous below, flocculose above with the remains of the veil. Gills decurrent, very broad behind, trian- gular and with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, watery ochraceous It departs from the type of the group in having the pileus papillate. In the typical form (stygia) the gills are truly decurrent. There is another form, paludosa, occurring in dried marshes : pileus somewhat fuscous-honey colour, stem only 4 cent. (i% in.) long, gills not decurrent. On marshy ground among Sphagna. Rare. Aug. Spores almond-shaped, 12 mk. Q. Name — pahis, a marsh. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 396. Hym. Eur. p. 273. Icon. t. 129. /. 3. B. &> Br. n. 1125. C. Hbk. n. 385. Illust. PL 484. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 355. 669. A. stagninus Fr.— Pileus 6-20 mm. (3-10 lin.) broad, bay-brown-ferruginous or brown when moist, somewhat ochra- ceous when dry, somewhat membranaceous, conical then hemi- spherical, never flattened, obtuse, sometimes rather depressed in the centre, somewhat viscid and slightly striate when moist, even when dry, elegantly clothed and appendiculate round the margin withjloccose, superficial, concentric^ white scales. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) to as much as a span long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slightly tough, fistulose, equal, rubiginous then date-brown, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Gills decurrent^ very broad, triangular, ferruginous. DERMINI. 299 The rooting base of the stem which is immersed among Sphagna is attenu- Tubaria. ated and white-villous. There is a slender form differing in the darker colour, smaller, often denuded, pileus, and narrower gills. On marshy ground. Sibbertoft, &c. A dwarf form about the size of A. inquilinus, B. 6s Br. Name— stag- num, a swamp. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 396. Hym. Eur. p. 273. Icon. t. 129. /. 2 (slender form). B. & Br. n. 2005 bis. C. Illust. PI. 468. 670. A. embolus Fr. Wholly pale yellowish-tawny when in vigour. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) broad, ochraceous-tan when dry, hygrophanous, campanulate then hemispherical, obtuse, smooth, lineato-striate. Stem about $ cent. (2 in.) long, shining-yellow when dry, becoming ferruginous at the base, fistulose, manifestly thickened upwards, smooth, naked. Gills adnate, very broad be- hind, triangiilar, thick, very distant, tawny-cinnamon when dry. The stature and gills are wholly those of A. umbelliferus. On heathy ground. Rare. Oct. Name — e/^oAos, a wedge. From the shape of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. P- 393- Hym. Eur. p. 274. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 381. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 356. 671. A. autochthonus B. & Br.— Pileus 6 mm. (X in.) broad, ochrey-white, obtuse, hemispherical, silky, flocculose at the mar- gin. Stem 18 mm. (tf in.) long, not i m. (X lin.) thick in the centre, flexuous, thickened upwards and at the white-woolly base. Gills distinctly adnate with a tooth, horizontal, honey-coloured. Spores paler than in A. furfuraceus, 4 mk. (those of A. furfuraceus 5 mk.) It does not become pallid in drying like that species, but is of an ochra- ceous-white from the first. It is probably a very common species. On the naked soil. Woodnewton, Norths. Name— O.VTOS, self ; xe"v> the earth. Springing from the earth itself. B. & Br. n. 1 121. C. Hbk. n. 388. Grevillea, t. 77. /. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 274. ** PH^EOTI. * Spores fuscous-ferruginous. 672. A. crobulus Fr.— Pileus 12-18 mm. (X-# inO broad, slightly fleshy, flattened, obtuse, without striae, slightly viscid, in itself wholly smooth, but covered over with floccose, somewhat squarrose, separating, white scales, then naked, becoming hoary- tan, shining. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, equal, incurved or flexuous, fuscous, densely beset with white floccose scales. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrcnt, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, becoming fus- cous-ferruginous, the edge under a lens unequal. 300 AGARICUS. Tubaria. Spores brown. Allied to A. inquilimis. It is as it were a larger state of that species, with the veil of A.furfuraceus, but more evident, and here and there in the form of a floccose ring at the apex of the stem. The ring is mo- derately persistent, white, but often awanting. Among sticks. Welford, Norths., &c. Sept-Oct. Name — /cpcojSuAo?, a knot of hair twisted on the crown of the head. From the peculiar scales on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 380. Hym. Eur. p. 274. B. &= Br. n. 1249. C. Illust. PI. 496. 673. A. inquilinus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, varying in colour, when fresh livid-fuscous (becoming hoary when dry), somewhat brick- colour (tan), hygrophanous, membranaceous, slightly fleshy at the disc, convex then plane and at length um- bonate, slightly viscid, smooth, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, attenuated downwards, flexuous, white-fibrillose or slightly silky, date-brown, white floccose at the base ; thick- ened at the apex, at first flocculose. Gills very broad behind (hence triangular], broadly adnate, somewhat deciirrent, plane, somewhat distant, more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, day-fuscotis, at length umber. The stem is sometimes a little longer among grass, sometimes shorter on wood. Gregarious. On chips, stalks, &c. Common. Aug.-Oct. Pileus yellowish or tan colour, M.J.B. Name — inquilinus—incolinvs (incolo), a lodger. Growing on other substances, parasitic. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 380. Hym. Eur. p. 274. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 386. Illust. PL 497. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 357. Crepidotus. Subgenus XXVII. OREPIDOTUS (KP^IS, crepida, a slipper, sandal). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 272. Stature various, irregular, without a manifest veil. Pileus excentric, lateral or resupinate. Spores ferruginous. The species belonging to Worthington Smith's subgenus Clau- dopus have been removed from this subgenus, as they are in- termediate between Hyporhodii and Dermini by reason of the rubiginous spores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 275. Crepidotus corresponds with Pleurotus. The species grow on wood, rarely on mosses, and appear late. Commonly thin, with soft flesh, scarcely edible. Compare Paxillus atro-tomentosus, panuoides, &>c., which differ completely as to the gills. 674. A. alveolus Lasch. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, moist, ochraceous-fuscous, occasionally becoming olive at the mar- DERMINI. 301 gins, becoming pale when dry, fleshy-soft, obovate, sometimes re- Crepidoms. pand, rather plane, even, smooth ; dimidiate, laterally somewhat sessile, or extended behind with a short, stem-like, tomentoso-villous base and horizontal. Gills determi?iate, not decurrent at the base, broad, crowded, clay-fuscous. Very much allied to A. mollis, but differing in the more fleshy, somewhat cuneiform pile- us, in the colour of all its parts being darker, and especially in the broad gills. On old stumps, oak, &c. Aug.-Oct. Rare. Name — alveus, a trough. Shaped like a little trough. Lasch n. 582. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 398. Hym. Eur. p. 275. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 352. Illust. PI. 499 a. S. XXIX. Agarictis ( Crepidotus) Mycol. Scot. n. 358. mollis. One-half natural size. 675. A. mollis Schasff.— Pileus pallid then becoming hoary, at length with rufous spots from the shed spores, gelatinous-fleshy, convexo-plane, obovate or reniform, undulated and lobed when larger, flaccid, even, smooth, dimidiate, somewhat sessile (but vary- ing extended behind into a short, 12 mm. (Y2 in.), strigose stem), often imbricated ; flesh very soft, more or less thick, watery whitish. Gills commonly decurrent to the base, linear, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, crowded, whitish-grey then watery cinnamon. On sticks, stumps, sawdust, &c. Common. July-Nov. Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent- (x~3 in-) broad. Spores 9X5mk. W.G.S. Name — mollis, soft. Schceff. t. 213. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 399. Hym. Eur. p. 275. Berk. Out. p. 164. t. 9. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 353. Illust. PL 498. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 359. Sow. t. 98. Hussey i. t. 74. Price f. 25. Brigant. t. 41. f. 6-8. Letell. t. 688. 676. A. applanatus Pers.— Pileus watery cinnamon when moist, whitish when dry, very hygrophanous, slightly and watery fleshy, soft, \i\a\. fragile, wholly plane and horizontal, extended be- hind in a straight line into a very short white tomentose stem, otherwise reniform or cuneiform, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even when dry ; at length depressed behind, some- what sessile. Gills ending determinately behind, crowded, linear, thin, whitish, then watery cinnamon. Pileus watery but not gelatinous. Encircled at the base with the whitish mycelium growing on the wood. On decaying wood. Penzance. 302 AGARICUS. Crepidotus. Spores sphseroid, uniguttate, 5-6 mk. K. Na.me—p!ano, to make level. Become plane. Pers. Obs. i. p. 8. t. 5. /. 3 (under the name of A. stipticus). Fr. Monogr. i. /. 399. Hym. Eur. p, 276. B. & Br. n. 2006. 677. A. calolepis Fr.— Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (l/2 in.) broad, slightly fleshy, reniform, convex, almost shell-shaped, dimidiate, sessile on a small mllous knot, margined with 'white behind, beautifully variegated with minute, crowded, rufescent scales; flesh firm, not gelatinous. Gills concurrent at the base, rounded behind, comparatively broad, at first becoming pallid fuscous, then fuscous-ferruginous. Spores fuscous-ferruginous. On dead wood. Edinburgh Fungus Show, 1878. Oct. Name— KaA.6?, beautiful ; Aeiris, a scale. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 276. Icon. t. 129.7. 4- B. & Br. n. 1765. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 360. C. Illust. PL 499. b. 678. A. haustellaris Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in.) broad, pale yellowish-tan, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, almost pellucid, flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform, plane, even, delicately villous ; flesh very thin, watery, pallid-light-yellowish. Stem distinct and almost separate, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, attenuated upwards, almost conical, round, mllous, white, somewhat ascending when young, then straight and horizontal. Gills determinate, rounded, somewhat crowded, pallid then fuscous-cinnamon. Regular, gregarious, but never caespitose or imbricated. Chiefly remark- able for the somewhat conical stem and almost free gills. The pileus when older is cinnamon, and as if pulverulent with the spores. The stem, which is commonly solid, has sometimes occurred hollow. It has many features in common with A. calolepis, but they differ in more. On dead trunks. Rare. Name — haustus, a drawing water. From the watery flesh. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 399. Hym. Eur. p. 276. Berk. Out. p. 164. B. 6s Br. n. 2007. C. Hbk. n. 354- 679. A. rubi Berk.— Pileus 6-12 mm. (tf-)4 in.) broad, yellow- ish or livid-grey, pallid when old, fleshy, clothed with very minute crystalline meal. Stem short, incurved, solid, strigose at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, slightly ventricose, rather distant, greyish then umber, edge pulverulent. Spores umber. The pileus, which is at first regular with a short stem, gradually becomes excentric and resupinate. The stem is at first straight then incurved, externally mealy, adhering by a little fine down. On dead bramble, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. The habit is wholly that of forms of A. depluens, but distinguished by the DERMINI. 303 " umber spores" Fr. Name — rubus, bramble. Berk. Eng. Fl, v. p. 102. Crepidotus. Out. p. 164. /. 9. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 361. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 276. 680. A. chimonophilus B. &. Br. Pure white.— Pileus 6 mm. (X in.) broad, convex, rather thick, clothed with villous down, margin inflexed. Stem extremely short or obsolete. Gills atten- uated behind, few, distant. Spores pale yellow-brown, oblongato-elliptic, with a distinct lateral nucleus. On dead branches of Pyrus torminalis. Benefield, Norths. Dec. Name— X«MWJ', winter ; ^iXd?, loving. B. & Br. n. 687. Out. p. 164. C. Hbk. n. 356. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 276. 681. A. epibryus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more broad, shining white, membranaceous, resupinate, sessile, adnate at the vertex, becoming silky -even. Gills concurrent in the centre, thin, crowded, whitish then pale yellowish (not rubiginous). The structure and appearance are wholly those of A. variabilis, but it differs conspicuously from that species in its form being more regular, cup- shaped, always entire, but not effuso-reflexed, and in being without the rudi- ment of a stem. On mosses, grass, holly-leaves, living Vaccinium, &c. Coed Coch, 1878, &c. Oct. Name — en-!, upon ; /3puoi>, moss. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277. Monogr. i. p. 401 B. & Br. n. 1766. 682. A. Phillipsii B. & Br. Slightly umber.— Pileus about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, oblique, striate, smooth. Stem 2-3 mm. (i-i^ lin.) long, solid, incurved at the base. Gills shortly adnate, narrow, ventricose. On grass. Wrekin. Penicuik. Autumn. Spores 5 mk. B. & Br. ; 5x7 mk. W.P. Name— after William Phillips. B. & Br. n. 1658. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 362. 683. A. pezizoides Nees.— Pileus sessile, thin, cup-shaped then reflexed, mealy, somewhat tomentose. Gills concurrent at the centre, somewhat distant, olivaceous-fuscous then tawny. Spores unknown. Gregarious. On rotten branches. Rare. Warwickshire. Name — Peziza-like. Nees. Act. Nat. Curios, ix. /. 6. f. 18 (very young). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 357. 684. A, Ralfsii B. & Br.— Pileus yellow, semi-reflexed, deli- cately furfuraceous, slightly hispid, the involute margin spreading, 304 AGARICUS. Crepidotus. adfixed by cottony flocci. Stem obsolete. Gills ventricose, clay- colour, margin whitish. On decaying wood. Penzance. Name— after J. Ralfs. B. & Br. n. 2008. SERIES IV. PRATELLI (pratum, meadow or pasture ground). Spores typically black -purple or fuscous-purple, more rarely fuscous. [It is to be observed that the spores vary in colour according to the colour of the ground on which they are deposited.] There are sterile forms with the gills persistently white (A. obtu- ratus, A. udus). Those species are more deceptive in which the gills continue for a long time white, and even begin to decay before they are discoloured by the spores ; these may be easily mistaken for Leucospori. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277. Chitonia. Subgenus XXVIII. CHITONIA.— The universal veil (forming a volva) separate from the pileus. Hymenophore separate from the stem. Gills free. Spores fuscous-purple. Analogous with Amanita and Volvaria. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277. No British species. Psaiiota. Subgenus XXIX. PSALIOTA (^a\iov, a ring or collar). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 280, Stropharia included. Stem ringed, separate from the hymenophore. Gills free. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 278. Psaiiota corresponds with Lepiota. The gills are rounded be- hind and manifestly free, exactly as in Lepiota. The species grow on the ground, and begin to appear about the end of summer. The larger ones have been more esteemed as food perhaps than any other, and are well known from the common mushroom {A. campestris). * Edules (edulis, edible). Larger, more fleshy, celebrated under the name of Champignon; ** Minores. Not used as food, pileus thinly fleshy. * EDULES. Larger, more fleshy, &><;. 685. A. Elvensis B. & Br.— Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) and more broad, somewhat globose then hemispherical, fibrillose, broken PRATELLI. 305 up into large persistent brown, not fusco-citrinous scales, areolate Psaliota. in the centre ; margin very obtuse, thick, covered with pyramidal warts; flesh 18 mm. (% in.) thick in the centre, turning red when cut. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 5 cent. (2 in.) thick in the centre, solid, stuffed with delicate threads, at first nearly equal, at length swollen in the centre and attenuated at the base, fibrillose and areolate below, nearly smooth within the pileus. Ring thick, very large, deflexed, broken here and there, areolato-verrucose beneath. Gills free, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, of a brownish flesh-colour. A'A'A'. Agaricus (Psaliota) cam- pestris. One-third natural size. Caespitose. Taste and smell excellent. Under oak-trees. Bodelwyddan, 1863. Sept. Name — from the district bordering on the Elwy. B. & Br. n. 1009. C. Hbk. 11. 392. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 278. 686. A. arvensis Sc has ff.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, whitish, fleshy, globoso-campanulate then flattened, obtuse, flocctiloso-mealy when young, then slightly silky even or squamu- lose, dry ; flesh thick, compact, at length softer, white, unchange- able. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in,) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, hollow, with a lax floccose pith, but stout, thickened at the base, obsoletely marginato- bulbous when young, even, smooth, white. Ring superior, large, pendulous, formed as it were of two growing together, the interior one membranaceous, uniform, the exterior one thicker and shorter, somewhat free at the circumference, radiately split. Gills free, approximate, ventricose, broader in front, always arid, white, at length reddish-fuscous. The gills remain long pallid, are never dark red as in A. pratensis, and never deliquescent. In meadows and borders of fields, &c. Common. Spring, Autumn. Known as the " Horse-Mushroom." When young and fresh it is delicious, but becomes tough when old. The flesh is firm and abundantly juicy. Ac- cording to Berkeley it often turns yellow when bruised. Spores sphaeroid- ellipsoid, 9x6 mk. K. ; 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — a mum, a cultivated field. Schfrff. t. 310, '.A.e'j3es) veins which discharge blood, haemorrhoids. Kalchbr. Hung. t. i8./. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 281. B, &•= Br. n. 1534. ** MINORES. Not used as food, pileus thinly fleshy. 691. A. comtulus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in-) broad, yellowish-white, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, ad- pressedly fibrilloso-silky, becoming even; flesh thin, soft, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, stuffed with floccules when young, some- what attenuated, even, smooth, white, becoming somewhat light yellow. Ring medial, torn, fugacious, of the same colour. Gills rounded-free behind, crowded, soft, broader in tortf., flesh-colour then rose, not fuscous-flesh-colour except when old. Very much allied to A. campestris, but constantly distinct in its more beau- tifully coloured gills. In woods, &c. Coed Coch, 1880. Autumn. Name — comptus, gaily adorned. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 407. Hym. Ezir. p. 281. Icon. t. iso.f. i. B. & Br. n. 1874. 692. A. echinatus Roth.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, of a peculiar fuliginous colour, slightly fleshy, camp emulate, ob- tuse, at the first jloccoso-pulvcrulent and somewhat continuous, then densely and adpressedly rivuloso-scaly, without striae; flesh thin, whitish. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in-) l°n&' 2~4 mm- (l~2 ^nO thick, firm, fistulose, with a lax white arachnoid web internally, otherwise externally and internally cinnabar-purple, below the ring densely covered over with Jlocculoso-pulverulent mouse-col- oured sootiness which can be rubbed off, equal, naked above the ring. Ring floccoso-membranaceous, externally sprinkled with fuliginous dust, soon torn, appendiculate at the margin ; very beautifully striate above, becoming purple-whitish. Gills free, reaching a slightly prominent but little elevated collar, crowded, narrow, rarely exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, very beautifully cinnabar-purple ', the edge which is quite entire of the same colour. Gregarious, caespitose ; odour of cucumber. The soil is rolled together with the white mycelium in the form of a ball at the base of the stem. When PRATELLI. 309 bruised the stem changes colour, becoming purple. The spores are normally Psaliota. fuscous-purple, but they change to fuscous-green with the colour of the ground and (on a black ground) to ochraceous-whitish ; never rose-coloured. Not rightly allied to any. On peat-beds in gardens. Rare. Spores sometimes colourless, M.J.D. Name echinus, a hedgehog. Prickly. Roth. Catal. 2. /. g./. 5. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 408. Hym. Eur. p. 282. Berk. Out. p. 167. C. Illust. PI. 395. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 25. A. oxyosmus Mont, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1836. t. io./ 3. Brigant. t. 27. f. 1-3. A. Hookeri Klotsch. Subgenus XXX. STROPHARIA (turo, to stop up, close. Perhaps from the stuffed stem. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 412. Hym. Eur. p. 285. B. 6* Br. n. 1253. C. Hbk. n. 397. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 369. (Saund. 6* Sm. t. 25. /. i, 2 much smaller, perhaps A. melaspermus). 698. A. melaspermus Bull.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I~2 in>) broad, yellow, changing colour when old, fleshy, soft, convex then flat- tened, obtuse, pelliculose, viscid in wet weather, shining when dry, even, smooth, never rimosely squamulose ; flesh soft, white. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 312 AGARICUS. Stropharia. lin.) thick, hollow, equal, fragile, dry, smooth, sometimes fibrillose below the ring, shining white or becoming yellow. Ring medial, membranaceous, white. Gills deeply rounded and sometimes emarginate, ventricose, broad, crowded, pallid then sometimes violaceous-fuscous, sometimes cinereous-fuscous. Spores fuscous on a white ground, vinous- or fuscous-purplish on a black ground. In woods the stem is elongated. In meadows and borders of thickets. Rare. Aug. According to Bulliard, &c., the spores are black. Name— ju.eXa?, black; o-wepjiia, seed. Black-spored. Bull. t. 540. /. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 413 (phaeospermus). Hym. Eur. p. 285. Icon. t. 130. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 168. B. &• Br. n. 1254. C. Hbk. n. 398. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 370. Quel. t. 24. /. 3 (pileus white). 699. A. squamosus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, ochraceous, fleshy, thin, hemispherical then flattened, more fre- quently obtuse or gibbous with an obsolete umbo, viscoso-pellic- ulose when moist, not viscous when dry; sprinkled vi\ft\. superficial pilose-fasciculate concentric scales. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, tubular, at first stuffed, soon hollow, slender, equal, tough, pallid upwards, ferruginous below, pulver- ulent above the entire membranaceous distant ring, villous-scaly below. Gills adnate, broad, crowded, plane, cinereous then blackish, white at the edge. Below the ring the stem is sometimes A) squarrose with fibrillose reflexed scales ; sometimes B) wholly covered over with dense strigose down. A. Pers. Fl. Dan. t. 2077. f- *• B. A. distans Pers. Fl. Dan. t. 2077. /. 2. Var. with pileus fuscous, on trunks of alder. Weinm. p. 243. In woods and open ground. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores 10 x 7 mk. W.G.S. Name— squama, a scale. Scaly. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 414. Hym. Eur. p. 285. Berk. Out. p. 168. t. io./. 6. C. Hbk. n. 399. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 371. A. thraustus Kalchbr. Fung. Hung. t. i$. f. 4 exactly resembles A. squamosus or distans Fl. Dan. t. 2077. f. 2 with the easily separating scales of the pileus removed. The description howrever differs, inasmuch as it is represented as very fragile and hygroph- anous, in which it approaches A. albonitens. Spores oblong, ovate, .015 mm. long. Name — fyavw, to break. Brittle, easily broken. Rannoch. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 286. B. &•> Br. n. 1659. Grevillea, vol. vi. p. 101. S. Mycol. Scot. p. 70. % 700. A. Percevali B. & Br.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ochra- ceous, fleshy, umbonate then flattened, slightly viscid, white- floccose here and there especially at the margin ; flocci at length PRATELLI. 313 coming off. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, attenuated upwards, Stropharia. 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) thick at the base, 6 mm. (3 lin.) above, hollow and pallid upwards, transversely scaly. Ring narrow, more or less persistent. Gills adfixed, broad, 8 mm. (4 lin.), very distant, white then somewhat cinereous, at length pallid umber. Flesh of pileus at length dull umber ; stem umber within, rooting. Allied to A. sqiianwsus, but abundantly distinct. On sawdust. Wallington, Northumberland. Spores isx7mk. IV. P. Name— after Cecil H. Spencer Perceval. B. &> Br. n. 1767. 701. A. Worthingtonii Fr.— Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, yellow, slightly fleshy, campanulate, even, smooth, viscid (?). Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slender, flexuous, smooth, dark blue, the incomplete ring distant. Gills adnate, broad, brown-cinnamon. In stature and colours it is widely removed from A. allo-cyaneus. In pastures. Walthamstow, 1868. Dec. Spores 4x7 mk. W. G.S. Name— after Worthington G. Smith. Fr. Hym. F.iir. p. 286. A. albo-cyaneus Saund. & Sm. t. 29. /. 1-5. ** Merdarii. Ring often incomplete. 702. A. merdarius Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellow then straw-colour, fleshy, at the first obtusely campanulate, then con- vexo-plane, gibbous, smooth, pelliculose, moist, hygrophanotis, slightly viscid, margin thin, deflexed, even; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, tough, stuffed with a pith, equal, somewhat flexuous, everywhere flocculoso- villous and slightly silky, dry, straw-white, white-villous at the base, striate at the apex from the decurrent teeth of the gills. Ring incomplete and torn, for the most part commonly adhering to the margin of the pileus. Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat crowded, plane, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, soft, very broad behind, at first pallid, somewhat isabelline, at length brown-fuscous with the black-fuscous spores. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose. The stem has been observed fuscous internally when old. There is a smaller form, with the stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long. On horse-dung. Sibbertoft, £c. Oct. Spores 6x9 mk. W. G.S. Name — merda, dung. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 415. Hym. Rur. p. 286. Icon. t. 130. /. 3 larger form. B. 6" Br. n. 1255. Sannd. & Sm. t. 25 lower Jig. (smaller form). Bnxb. c. 4. /. 16. f. 2. 314 AGARICUS. stropharia. 703. A. stercorarius Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, yellow, fleshy, but thin at the margin, hemispherical then expanded, obtuse, orbicular, pelliculoso-viscous, naked, smooth, even, or at length slightly striate only at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with a separate fibrous pith, equal, clothed 'to the ring (which is scarcely 2.5 cent., i in., distant from the pileus, viscous, narrow, but somewhat spreading) with the flocculose veil which is at the same time viscous (so that it appears as if smooth), yellow. Gills adnate, very broad behind, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, umber- fuscous or olivaceotis-fuscous, of one colour, quite entire. Stem silky-viscous when moist, when dry becoming even, shining and yellowish - white, and without a manifest veil. The gills are truncate and somewhat decurrent. It is often confounded with A. semiglobatus ; Sow. t. 249 seems to have this in view. On dung. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores 17 x 13 mk. W.G.S. Name — stercus, dung. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 416. Hym. Eur. p. 287. Berk. Out. p. 168. C. Hbk. n. 400. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 372. Bull. t. 566. /. 4. 701 A. semiglobatus Batsch.— Pileus commonly 12 mm. (l/z in.) broad, light yellow, slightly fleshy, hemispherical not expanded, very obtuse, even, viscous. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, equal, even, smooth, becoming yellow, paler at the apex, black-pruinate with the spores, otherwise smeared with the glutinous veil which is abrupt above terminating in an incomplete (not membranaceous) viscous distant ring. Gills adnate, very broad, plane, clouded with black. Spores fuscous-purple. Gregarious, smaller and more slender than A. stcr- corarius, &c. On dung. Common. April-Nov. Regarded as poisonous. Spores 13x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — semi, halt; globus, a ball. Hemispherical. Batsch f. no. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 416. Hym. Eur. p. 287. Berk. Out. p. 169. C. Hbk. n. 401. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 373. Grev. t. 344. Hussey i. t. 39. A. glutinosus Curt. i. t. 194. B. SPINTRIGERI. Pileus without a pellicle, &>c. 705. A. caput-Medusse Fr.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fleshy, at first ovate then convexo-expanded, obtuse or obtusely umbonate from the apex of the stem, dry; when young very densely scaly-squarrose with the veil, but soon naked ; even and umber on the vertex, lacunose, paler, somewhat tan-colour PRATELLI. 315 towards the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. Strophari (^ in.) and more thick at the base, hollow, the somewhat bulbous base solid, equally attenuated upwards, whitish ; covered over below the superior ring with crowded, imbricated and squarrose, whitish-fuscous scales, white-mealy above it. Gills adnate, ventri- cose, lanceolate or at length semi-ovate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, fragile, not very crowded, at first clay-white, then pale umber, fuscous-spotted in appearance. The vertex of the pileus at length becomes rimosely warty, the circumference rimosely scaly, and the thin margin rimosely split. The universal floccoso- scaly, fuscous veil, which at first encircles the whole plant, remains persistent on the stem, forming concentric, imbricated, squarroso-recurved zones, but soon separates from the pileus. It is separate from the partial veil or ring which is superior, membranaceous, pendulous, white, with the margin very much swollen floccose and fuscous. The gills at first sight appear as if free. Spores fuscous-purple. Slightly firm, though at the same time fragile. About Scotch fir stumps. Very rare. Glamis. Sept. Between the peculiar umber disc and the rest of the pileus which is paler, tan-coloured, there is sometimes a marked circular depression. The disc is very soon naked, and becomes broken into granulose warts, leaving the rest of the pileus clothed with the peculiar blackish scales which look like sharp- pointed tufts. These soon vanish while the stem remains clothed. This very striking species has appeared in the only British station in the years 1874, 1875, 1883. Name — Medusa's head. From the scales on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 418. Hym. Eur. p. 288. Icon. t. 131. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1536. S. My col. Scot. n. 374. 706. A. scobinaceus Fr. — Pileus at first fuscous, livid then becoming yellow in the centre, grey-violaceous at the circumfer- ence, fleshy, thin, hemispherical then expanded, gibbous, slightly sulcate, covered with crowded, adpressed, separating, blackish squatnules. Stem hollow, attenuated from the thickened (solid ?) base, fibrillose, white, mealy at the apex. Ring superior, fuga- cious, white. Gills adnate, crowded, crenulated, white-flesh-colour then becoming purple. Manifestly allied to A. caput-Meduscc, though less handsome ; moist and more fragile ; caespitose. On or near stumps. Rare. Glamis. Dun. Sept.-Oct. The type of this species is nearly of the same stature as A. caput-Medusa:, but the whole plant is thinner, more fragile, and less handsome. There are vari- ous intermediate forms which seem to connect the two, combining features of both. I have found several well-marked stages between them. Spores ellip- soid-elongate, 7-8x3 mk. C.B.P. Name — scobis, sawdust or filings. As if sprinkled with sawdust. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 419. Hym. Eur. p. 288. B. 6* Br. n. 1660. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 375. 707. A. Jerdoni B. & Br.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ochra- ceous (brown when dry), fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, with a broad AGARICUS. Stropharia. umbo, minutely rivulose, adorned with superficial evanescent snow-white scales; cuticle not peeling off. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, cylindrical, snow-white, pulverulent above, brownish with silky transverse scales below. Ring superior, deflexed. Gills adnate, sending a line down the stem, but not truly decurrent, pallid then brown, transversely striate. Spores dark brown. Allied apparently to A. caput-Meduscr. It has a close analogy with A. (Zgerita, &c. On fir-stumps. Rare. Sept. -Nov. Name— after Archibald Jerdon. B. &> Br. n. 913. t. 14. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 393. J). Mycol. Scot. n. 376. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 289. Hyphoioma. Subgenus XXXI. HYPHOLOMA (fy>7j, web ; \S>p.a, fringe). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 287. Hymenophore continuous with the stem. Veil woven into a web which adheres to the margin of the pileus. Pileus more or less fleshy, the margin at the first incurved. Gills adnate or sin- uate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 290. Hyphoioma corresponds with Tricholoma, Entoloma, and Hebe- loma. The veil which is woven in- to a spidery web does not form a ring. CcEspitose, growing on wood. The species are not edible, the tough ones being bitter, and the fragile ones almost devoid of flesh. * Fasciculares (A. fascicularis]. Colour XXXII. Agaricus (Hyphoioma) Of the tough, s mooth, dry (except A. silaceus) fascicularis. One-fourth natural pileus bright, not hygrophanous. size. ** Viscidi (viscidtts, viscid). Pileus naked, viscous. *** Velutini (A. velutinus). Pileus silky with innate fibrils or streaked. **** Flocculosi (fioccus, a lock of wool). Withfloccose, superficial separat- ing scales. ****** Appendiculati (A. appendiculatus}. Pileus smooth, hygrophanous. * FASCICULARES. Colour of the tough, smooth, dry (except A. silaceus) pileus bright, not hygrophanous. 708. A. silaceus Pers.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, orange- rufous, fleshy, convex, viscous, silky and whitish round the PRATELLI. 317 margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, bulbous, Hypholoma shining, fibrilloso-striate. Gills adnate, crowded, grey then olivaceous. Solitary, according to Secretan csespitose from a common tuber. In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Smell resembling that of meal. Spores pale purplish-brown, B. & Br. It seems to be separated from any of the forms of A. sublateritius by its viscous pileus (an exception in this group). Name — sil, yellow ochre. Ochrey. Pers. Syn. p. 421. Fr. Hym. Rur. p. 290. B. & Br. n. 1498. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 377. Baft. t. 22. ti. 709. A. sublateritius Schseff.— Pileus tawny-brick-red, but paler round the margin and covered over with a superficial, some- what silky, whitish cloudiness (arising from the veil), fleshy, con- vexo-plane, obtuse, discoid, dry, even, becoming smooth; flesh compact, white then becoming yellow. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed stout and firm, com- monly manifestly attenuated downwards, rarely equal, scaly- Jibrillose, fibrils pallid, ferruginous downwards. Cortina superior, at first white, at length becoming black. Gills adnate, more or less crowded according to stature, narrow, at first dingy yellowish and darker at the base, then fuliginous, and at length inclining to olivaceous. Spores fuscous-purple. Somewhat casspitose. Stem incvirvedfrom position. There are many varieties : B. somewhat solitary, the pileus and stem, which is thickened at the base, of the same colour, rufescent, Paul. t. 109. C. smaller, pileus light yellowish, the hollow stem equal. Schceff. t. 49. f. 4, 5. On old stumps. Common. April-Dec. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad. Veil adhering in fragments to the margin. Stem at length fistulose, but the walls are as thick or twice as thick as the diameter of the canal. Taste very bitter ; doubtless poisonous. The smaller var. referred to by Fries has been named by Berkeley and Broome var. Schasfferi Schffff. t. 49. /. 4, 5, and described thus, — "Pileus conical, at length depressed, wrinkled ; gills narrow, decurrent, even in the youngest specimens." Coed Coch, 1878. Spores 6x 3 mk. W.G.S. Name— sub, and later, a brick. Somewhat brick-coloured. Schcejf. t. 49. f. 6, 7. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 421. Hym. Eur. p. 290. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. no. Out. p. 169. C. Hbk. n. 402. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 378. Hussey i. t. 60. Krombh. t. 44. f. 1-3. Hedw. Crypt, t. 38. Var. Schrefferi B. dr3 Br. n. 1768. 710. A. capnoides Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) sometimes 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ochraceous -yellowish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, smooth; flesh somewhat thin, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, growing together at the base, hollow, equal, often curved and flexuous, becoming silky-even, pallid, whitish at the apex, here and there striate, becoming ferruginous under the surface-covering when 3l8 AGARICUS. Hyphoioma. old. Cortina appendiculate, white, then becoming fuscous-purple. Gills adnate, easily separating, somewhat crowded, rather broad, arid, at first bluish-grey then becoming fuscous-purple. Caespitose, fasciculate ; odour and taste mild. On pine-stumps. Uncommon. April-Dec. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 7x5 mk. K. Name— Kanrds, smoke; eTSo?, appearance. From the smoky gills. Fr. Mo?iogr. \. p. 421. Hym. Eur. p. 291. Icon. t. 133. f. i. B. & Br. n. 913*. C. Hbk. ?i. 403. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 379. 711. A. epixanthus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, light yellow or becoming pale, the disc commonly darker, fleshy, moderately thin, convexo-plane, obtuse or gibbous, even, slightly silky then becoming smooth; flesh white, becoming light yellow. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, attenuated from the thickened base or equal, floccoso-fibrillose, pale-ferruginous or becoming fuscous below, pruinose at the apex. Cortina appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, at first light yellow-white, at length becoming cinereous, not deliquescent, and not becoming purple or green. Strong-smelling, odour acid ; extremely variable in stature. Not hygroph- anous. On fir-stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Dec. Easily known by the absence of the bitter taste, and cinereous tint of the gills. B. & Br. Name — eirt, and £/foy>$y, campanulate then convex, at length expanded, even, superficially silky round the margin with the veil, or squamulose, otherwise even and smooth ; flesh thin, a little paler than the pileus. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, tense and straight, \.oug\\,fibrilloso-silky, somewhat ferruginous, becoming fuscous at the base, pale at the apex. Gills adnate, thin, ventricose, broad (6-8 mm., 3-4 lin.), crowded, at first pallid- straw-colour, at length clouded, obsoletely green. Gills broader than in A.fascicularis, &c. Solitary, scarcely ever caespitose. On pine-stumps and the ground. Frequent. April-Nov. Name— dispergo, to scatter. From its habit of growth. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 422. Hym. Eiir. p. 292. Icon. t. 133. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 794. Berk. Out. p. 169. C. Hbk. «. 406. Illust. PL 586. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 382. Saund. & Sm. t. 2t\.f. 1-3, stem much elongated. ** VISCIDI. Pileus naked, viscous. No British species. *** VELUTINI. Pileus silky or streaked with innate fibrils. 715. A. storea Fr.— Pileus almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale fuscous then dingy isabelline, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, somewhat depressed round the umbo, the whole surface broken up into longitudinally adnate (rarely squarrose) fibrils. Cortina a prolongation of the fibrils of the pileus, appendiculate at the margin ; flesh white, compact, but not thick. Stem 10-12.5 cent. 320 AGARICUS. Hypholoma. (4-$ in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, round, even, some- what fibrillose, pallid. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, in groups of 4-6, becoming livid- cinereous, at length fuscous, the edge, which is at first serrulated, white. Spores fuscous, not fuscous-purple. Firm, solitary and not hygrophanous, in which it differs widely from A. lachrymabundtis, &c. The habit is rather that of Inocybe. On roots of trees. Very rare. Ascot. Perth Fungus Show. Sept.-Oct. Gathered in England in 1873, m England and in Wales in 1874, and in Scotland in 1875. Spores 6x 4 mk. W.P. Name — storea, a mat. From the texture of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 423. Hym. Eur. p. 293. B. & Br. n. 1418. 5. MycoL Scot. n. 383. Smith, Jonrn. Bot. xiv. t. 176. /. 4. 716. A. lachrymabundus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, whitish when young, then fuscous, becoming pale round the margin, truly fleshy, but not compact, convex, obtuse, piloso- scaly, the innate scales darker j flesh white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, somewhat thickened at the basttfibrilloso-scaly, becoming fuscous-whitish. Cortina separate, fibrillose, appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, whitish then fuscous -purple, edge whitish and dis- tilling drops in wet weather. Spores fuscous-purple. From mutual pressure the pilei are often irregular. Very caespitose, firm. It differs remarkably from A. pyrotrichus, &c., with which it has been confounded, in the fleshy and not hygrophanous pileus. A. lachrymabundus^//. t. 525. /. 3 is A. pyrotrichus; t. 194 remains doubtful. It must not be confounded with A. velutinus. On trunks and the ground. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. A form has occurred in which the broadly aclnate gills remained persistently white. The edge was studded with beads of moisture as in the more ordinary condition, B. & Br. Frequently confounded with A. velutinus. Spores 9-11 mk. B. & Br. Name — lachryma, a tear. From the drops of moisture on the gills. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 423. Hym. Eur. p. 293. Icon. t. 134. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 170. B. & Br. n. 1254*. C. Hbk. n. 407 partly. S. Mycol. Scot n. 384. Hoffm. Ic. t. 15. / [3 (small). 717. A. pyrotrichus Holmsk.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fiery-tawny, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, obtuse, then expanded, densely clothed with somewhat adpressed tawny fibrils, which are here and there fasciculate in the form of scales ; flesh tawny. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, fibrous-soft, equal or not perceptibly thickened at the base, fibrillose, commonly slightly squarrose with small scales, becoming tawny. Cortina tawny. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, broad, at first pallid, the flocculose edge white, then becoming brown, and at length free. PRATELLI. 321 The colour is persistently tawny or fiery-tawny. Caespitose, slightly firm, Hypholoma. very striking. About roots of trees, beech, &c. King's Lynn. Glamis. Aug.- Oct. Spores pip-shaped, 8x5 mk. C.B.P. ; 14-19 mk. M.J.B. Name— nvp, fire ; 9pC£, hair. From the fiery-coloured fibrils. Holmsk. Ot. ii. /. 35. Fr. Monogr, i. p. 424. Hym. Eur. p. 293. 5. My col. Scot. S^^pp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 25. A. lachrymabundus Bull. t. 525. f. 3. Krombh. t. 42. f. 12-16. 718. A. velutinus Pers.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, lurid when fresh, becoming tawny when half dry, clay-isabelline when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded, at length obtusely umbonate, not scaly, but when young wholly adpressedly tomentose with fibrils, at length becoming smooth and even ; flesh very thin, of the same colour, fragile. Stem when large 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, when smaller 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hol- low, z.Q^\3\,fibrillo so-silky, tomentose from the summit to the veil, dingy-clay-colour. Veil adhering chiefly to the margin of the pileus, woolly, at first white, then becoming black. Gills adfixed, but easily separating (almost free), broad (when larger 8-10 mm., 4-5 lin. broad), not much crowded, at first inclining to fuscous, with the edge white, then date-brown-fuscous, dotted-black. Stature various, often very large. Somewhat caespitose, somewhat fragile. On old stumps. Common. July-Oct. Spores 6x 8 mk. W.G.S. Name— vellus, fleece. Velvety. Pers. Syn. p. 409. Fr. Monogr, i. p. 424. Hym. Eur. p. 293. Berk. Out. p. 170. t. n. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 408, partly. S. My col. Scot. n. 385. Seer. n. 399. Inzeng. t. j.f. 2. A. lachrymabundus Sow. t. 41. Abnormal variations Schce/. t. 34. Paul. t. 55.7. i. Var. leiocephalus B. & Br.— Pileus hygrophanous, rugged, smooth except at the margin, where it is fibrillose, pallid as is the stem, whose apex is farinose. Densely csespitose ; much smaller than the common form, but apparently a mere variety, though a very striking one from its smooth but very rugged disc. On old stumps. Sept. Name — Aeios, smooth ; Ke(/xxA^, head. From its smooth pileus. B. & Br. n. 1009*. •*•**•* FLOCCULOSI. Scales fioccose, superficial, separating. 719. A. cascus Fr.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in-) broad, livid- grey, tan-whitish when dry, somewhat fleshy, oval then expanded, obtuse, smooth, when dry soft and slightly wrinkled, persistently even on the disc. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2- 3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, fibrillose, white, delicately white-pul- VOL. I. x 322 AGARICUS. Hyphoioma. verulent at the apex. Veil appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, squamulose, white. Gills rounded-adnexed, ventricose, as much as 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, arid, fragile, £r Br. Name — ACVKO?, white ; Tempos, ash-coloured. Cinereous-white. B. & Br. n. 1256. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 296. 724. A. egenulus B. & Br.— Pileus 4 cent. (\y2 in.) broad, watery white, snow-white when dry, hemispherical, expanded, umbonate, but not decidedly rugose or atomate, quite smooth, even, except towards the edge, margin finely striate, appendicu- late. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (\l/2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards or nearly equal, minutely adpressedly-scaly. Gills adnate, with a tooth, slightly ventricose, moderately distant, purplish umber with a white edge. 324 AGARICUS. Hypholoma. The pileus is quite smooth as if delicately gummed. Spores brown-purple. Solitary. Has exactly the habit of Schceff. t. 205 (A. cernuus). The nearest ally is appendiculatus. On the ground among grass. Apethorpe. May. Name — egenulus, poor. Of appearance. B. 6° Br. n. 915. C. Hbk. n. 412. Illust. PL 605. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 296. 725. A. pilulseformis Bull.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fuscous when moist, dingy^ochraceous when dry, somewhat membranaceous, globose then expanded^ obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, flexu- ous, smooth, white, naked at the apex. Cortina manifest, woven, in the form of a ring when young. Gills adnexed, easily separat- ing, thin, narrow, linear, arid, white then cinereous, at length becoming fuscous. It is as it were a very small form of A. appendiculatus t but it differs essen- tially in the gills never turning flesh-colour. Its mode of growth is almost that of A. disseminatus, very crowded and fragile. On mossy trunks. Rare. Berkeley is inclined to consider this the young state of A. hydrophilus Bull, t. 511. Name — pilula, a little ball ; forma, form. From its shape. Bull. t. 112. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 428. Hym. Eur. p. 296. B. & Br. n. 1951. Psiiocybe. Subgenus XXXII. PSILOCYBE ($t\6s, naked ; KVM, head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 289. No manifest veil, at least not a woven one. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, rigid or tough, tubular, the tube hol- low or stuffed, often rooting. Pileus more or less fleshy, smooth, the margin at first incurved. Gills be- coming ftiscous or purple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 297. Psiiocybe corresponds with Colly - bia, Leptonia, and Naucoria. Nearly all the species grow on the ground, and are gregarious, here and there caespitose. Inodorous. None are edible. XXXIII. Afaricn*(Psilocybt') s/>a- dicens. One-third natural size. I. Tenaces (tenax, tough). Veil not es- sential, rarely conspicuous. Stem thick- skinned, flexile, most frequently coloured. Pileus with a pellicle, most frequently slight- ly viscid in wet weather, becoming somewhat pale. Colour of pileus bright. PRATELLI. 325 * Gills ventricose, not decurrent. Psilocybe. •* Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat decurrenl, Deconica Worth. Smith. '** Gills somewhat linear, ascending, II. Rigid! (rigidus, stiff). No veil. Stem rigid. Pileus scarcely with a pellicle, but the flesh most frequently scissile, hygrophanous. Gills adnexed, very rarely adnate. Differing from Psaliotae and Hypholomata, to which they are very similar, in having no partial veil at the first, I.— TENACES. Veil not essential, £c. * Gills ventricose, not decurrent. 726. A. ericseus Pers.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-il/2 in.) and more broad, tawny-ferruginous when wetted, tawny-yellow when dry, fleshy but thin, convex then expanded, scarcely umbonate, even, smooth, commonly dry and shining, but somewhat viscous when wetted. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, equal, somewhat smooth, but varying slightly silky, becoming light yellow, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, plane, somewhat distant, pallid then blackish, pruinose (becoming olive when the pruina disap- pears) edge whitish. Gregarious, tough, various in stature. There is a smaller variety with the pileus date brown. In woods and pastures. Rare. July-Oct. Name — erica, heath. Frequenting heathy ground. Pers. Syn. p. 413. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 430. Hym. Eur. p. 298. Icon. t. 136. /. i. B. &> Br. n. 149. C. Hbk. n. 416. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 390. A. clivulorum Letell. t. 676. 727. A. udus Pers.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) broad, brick- tawny, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, more or less evidently umbonate, smooth, even or when old slightly wrinkled. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, fistulose, equal, fibrillose, tawny-ferruginous, paler at the apex: Gills adfixed, ventricose, very broad, lax, plane or convex, pallid then becoming fuscous-purple. Not hygrophanous. Scattered, tough when young, slender. Very decep- tive on account of the colour of the gills when sterile. Among Sphagna there is a var. with the pileus somewhat membranaceous, acutely conical, tawny, and the gills pallid because sterile. In swampy places among Sphagna. Epping Forest, 1880. Nov. Name— iidus, moist. Pers. Syn. p. 414. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 298. Grevillea, »/. ix. p. 93. 728. A. areolatus Klotsch. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) 326 AGARICUS. Psilocybe. broad, ochraceous or fuscous, somewhat fleshy, convex, clothed with minute fibrils, cuticle cracking into nearly equal square patches. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, generally thickened at the base, fibrillose, dirty white. Gills adnate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, umber at length black, the edge white and beaded with drops of moisture. In gardens. Glasgow Botanic Garden. Faldonside. May- Oct. According to Klotsch there is a fugacious fibrous and membranaceous veil. Name — areola, a small patch. From the cuticle cracking into little squares. Klotsch— Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 112. Out. p. 172. C. Hbk. n. 414. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 391. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 298. 729. A. agrarius Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) rarely 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first white and without lustre, by no means becoming pale but becoming cinereous in drying, nothygrophanous, slightly firm but slightly fleshy, convex, at length flattened, and then often umbonate, even, smooth; flesh firm, white, but not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in-) l°ng> 2~4 mm- (I~2 lin-) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, white. No veil conspicuous. Gills obtusely adnate, crowded when young, somewhat distant when the pileus is flattened, linear, white, at length fuscous. Care must be taken not to suppose it belongs to Leucospori on account of the white gills. About roots of decayed trees, &c. North Kilworth, 1870, &c. Sept.-Oct. In colour the pileus somewhat resembles Hygrophorus ovinus, B. & Br. Name — ager, a field. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 299. Icon. t. 137. f. i. B. <£r= Br. n. 1257. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 392. 730. A. chondrodermus B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark date-brown, fleshy, campanulate, very smooth with exception of the appendiculate margin, even, cracked here and there in different directions. Veil woven and jagged. Stem 5 mm. (2)4 lin.) thick above, 6 mm. (3 lin.) at the base, fistulose, somewhat equal, paler than the pileus, fibrillose, squamulose at the base. Gills adfixed, separating, ventricose, margin white. Spores 6 mk. long, half as much wide, purple-black, almost oblong. The pileus stains paper yellow. In Scotch fir wood. Glamis, 1875. Sept. It has occurred in different places in 1875 and 1877. Name — xwSpos, car- tilage ; Sepfxa, skin. Parchment-skinned. B. 6= Br. n. 1538. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 393. C. I Hit st. PI. 606. A. PRATELLI. 327 ** Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat dectirrent. Psilocybe. 731. A. ammophilus Dur. & Mont. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical then umbo-form. Stem at length soft, hollow, buried half-way up in the sand, base clavate. Gills somewhat de- current with a tooth, smoky, black-pulverulent with the spores. The affinity of this species is uncertain, but it is remarkable for the base of the stem being buried and clavate. On sandy ground on the sea-shore. St Andrews, 1874. Sept. Spores 12x8 mk. B. &= Br. Name — a/a/xos, sand; <£iXos, loving. ExpL sclent. Alg. t. 31. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 299. B. & Br. n. 1661. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 393. C. Illust. PL 606. B. 732. A. coprophilus Bull.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufes- cent-tan, slightly fleshy, hemispherical then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth, scarcely viscous. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.), somewhat fistulose, at first containing a pith, shaggy-flocculose, then elongated and becoming smooth, shining, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, attenuated upwards zntipruinate at the apex. Veil scarcely conspicuous. Gills somewhat arcuato-decurrent, broad, crowded, livid then fuscous. On dung. Rare. Autumn. Pileus at first white and downy, clothed with little superficial scales, brown, at length smooth and umber, M.J.B. Name— nonpos, dung; filiform, flexile, adpres- sedly fibrillose, becoming pale, date-brown at the base. Veil not manifest. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, crowded, equally attenuated from the stem, pallid ferruginous-fuscous. Spores fuscous-purple, almost black on white paper, but violaceous-lilac on a black ground. Very much allied to A. bnllaceus and A. coprophilus. A. inquilinus is easily confounded with it. On dung, &c. Uncommon. Sept. Spores 8x6 mk. W. G.S. ; 12 x 7 mk. B. & Br. Name— <£ui'Xos, loving. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 302. Monogr. i. p. 435. B. & Br. n. 1771. -S. Mycol. Scot. n. 400. 740. A. ceriums Fl. Dan.— Pileus 2.5-6 cent. (1-2 >£ in.) broad, livid inclining to pale when moist, white when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, fragile, campanulate then flattened, obtuse, smooth (or atomate under a lens), slightly wrinkled when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, round, rigid-fragile, smooth, shining white, slight- ly mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, at first linear, then ventricose, scarcely crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, at first white then cin- ereous-blackish. Pileus slightly pellucid-striate. Stem is sometimes curved, hence the pileus is nodding. The spores do not change to ferruginous. Solitary or gregarious, scarcely csespitose. On dead wood, chips, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Dec. Spores 6x8 mk. W. G.S. Name — cernuo, to fall head-foremost. From the nodding pileus. Fl. Dan. t. 1005. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 436. Hym. Eur. p. 302. Berk. Out. p. 171. C. Hbk. n. 419. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 401. Schceff. t. 205. Fault, no./". 3. 741. A. hebes Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, lurid when moist, pale when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid and slightly striate at the margin when moist, becoming even when dry. Stem 4-5 cent. (i>2-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, rigid, fistulose, equal, even, smooth, naked, becoming pale white. Gills very broad behind, triangular, wholly adnate, crowded, arid, white then becoming fuscous. PRATELLI. 331 It is best distinguished by the form of the gills. Commonly solitary, slight- Psilocybt. ly rigid. Veil none. On grass among leaves near chestnut. Hothorpe, 1881. Nov. Pileus at first obtuse, but in drying it becomes spuriously and minutely um- bonate. Spores black purple, 18 mk. B. & Br. Name — hebes, blunt. Ob- tuse. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 437. Hym. Eur. p. 303. Icon. t. 137. /. 3 minor. B. & Br. n. 1952. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 28. /. 5, a little larger. C. Illust. PL 589. B. 742. A. fcenisecii Pers. — Pileus broad, pale fuliginous fuscous or brown, becoming pale, fleshy chiefly at the disc, campanulato- convex, obtuse, dry, smooth, slightly wrinkled in very dry weath- er. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fis- tulose, tense and straight, rigid-fragile, equal, naked, rufescent, at the first paler and white-pulverulent, somewhat pubescent. Gills adnate but ventricose in front, hence they appear broadly emar- ginate, somewhat distant, not thin, inclining to fuscous, livid- fuscous at the sides, at length umber. When half dry the disc of the pileus becomes pale. Veil none. In its whole nature it is widely removed from other species in this section ; its habit is quite that of Panaolus, but the gills are not variegated and the spores are umber. Pastures, roadsides, &c. Common. April- Sept. Gregarious. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, banded with various tints when losing its moisture. Attention must be paid to the colour of the spores, or it will be sought for amongst the Panceoli, M.J.B. Spores 11x7 mk. W.G.S. Name—fanisicia, hay -harvest. From its occurring among meadow- grass, and from the season when first gathered. Pers. Ic. descr. t. n./. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 437. Hym. Eur. p. 303. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 112. Out. p. 171, t. 1 1./. 5. Hussey i. t. 39. C. Hbk. n. 421. Illust. PL 590. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 402. Buxb. C. 4. t. 38. f. \. 743. A. clivensis B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first pallid brown, then pallid ochre inclining to white, somewhat hemispherical, even, sprinkled with shining particles ; margin striated, not straight. Stem 4 cent. (\yz in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, nearly equal, except at the very base where it is slightly clavate, somewhat silky. Gills broad, adnate, widely emarginate, ventricose in front, rather distant, umber, margin white. Spores umber. Intermediate between A. hebes and A. fcenisecii, with the habit of the former. On the ground. King's Cliffe, 1860. Oct. Name — cllvus, a slope, hill-side. B. & Br. n. 916. /. 14. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 420. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 303. 332 AGARICUS. Psiiocybe. 744. A. scobicola B. & Br.— Pileus white, convex, umbilicate, smooth. Stem fistulose, somewhat equal or dilated at the apex, fibrillose. Gills adnexed, broad. On pine sawdust. Glamis, 1877. Nov. Name— scobis, sawdust ; colo, to inhabit. B. & Br. n. 1769. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 403. C. Illust. PL 607. Psathyra. Subgenns XXXIII. PSATHYRA (WWs, friable). Veil none or only universal, and floccoso-fibrillose. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, fistulose with a tube, polished, fragile. Pileus conical or campanulate, membranaceous, the margin at the first straight and ad- pressed to the stem. Gills becoming purple or fuscous. Slender, fragile, hygrophanous. [The series of tough species does not exist among the Psathyras ; the analogous forms will be found among the tough species of Psiiocybe.] Some of the last spe- cies of Hypholoma and Psiiocybe are very closely allied to them. The Coprinarii are readily distinguished by the gills being white or cinereous then black, not fuscous nor becoming purple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 304. Psathyra corresponds with Mycena, Nolanea, Galera, and Psathyrella. All the species grow on the ground or on trunks. I. Conopilei (KWVOS, a cone). Pileus conico-campanulate ; gills ascending, adnexed, often free. Stem tense and straight, veil none. On the ground in grassy or damp places. II. Obtusati (A. obtusatus).. Pileus campanulato-convex, flattened, smooth or atomate, gills piano- or arcuato-adfixed. Veil none. III. Fibrillosi (A.fibrillosus}. Pileus and stem at the first floccose or fibril- lose fro?n the universal -veil. I. — CONOPILEI. Pileus conico-campanulate, &c. 745. A. conopileus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more high and broad, whitish then becoming pale, somewhat membra- naceous, conico - campanulate, scarcely expanded, obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, tense arid straight, polished, smooth, XXXIV. Agaricus (Psathyra) bi frons. One-third natural size. PRATELLI. 333 silvery-shining. Veil plainly awanting. Gills adnexed in the top Psathyra. of the cone, at first sight free, crowded, only slightly ventricose, becoming fuscous-purple. Spores fuscoiis-purple. Fragile. Large, striking. In gardens. Rare. Oct. It has occurred with a distinct bulb, B. &> Br. Name—conus, a cone ; pileus, felt hat. With cone-shaped pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 438. Hym. Eur. p. 304. Berk. Out. p. 173. B. &> Br. n. 2010. C. Hbk. n. 422. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 404. Hoffm. Ic.f. 2. A. superbus Jungh. Linn. t. 6.f. n. 746. A. mastiger B. & Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark rich brown when moist, umber-tan when dry, some- what fleshy, at first nearly cylindrical, obtuse, then conico-cam- panulate, with a strong mammiform umbo, repand, not striate, margin straight. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) or more long, 3-4 mm. (i>£-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, white, smooth or fibrillose and furfuraceous, pale umber within. Veil none. Gills affixed, ascending, rather narrow, umber, edge paler. As the plant dries the stem acquires the tint of the pileus, but pale. This fine species is allied to A. conopileus, but differs in many respects. The dark colour and mammiform apex are very striking. On roadsides among grass. Apethorpe. Sept. Name — ^CUTTO?, the breast. Bearing a breast-shaped umbo. B. &•=• Br. n. 921. t. 14.7. 6. C. Hbk. n. 423. Illust. PL 591. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 304. 747. A. corrugis Pers. — Pileus 1-4 cent. (l/2-il/2 in.) broad, commonly rose-colour or pallid flesh-colour when moist, becom- ing pale when dry, somewhat membranaceous, fragile, campanu- late, somewhat umbonate, smooth, slightly striate when moist, corrugated when dry. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, tense and straight, slightly firm ; equal, smooth, whitish or rufescent. Gills adnate, or sinuato- adfixed, ventricose, distinctly violaceous then blackish. There are many forms, such as with the pileus tan-colour, and reticulato- wrinkled with raised ribs. It is easily confounded with A. gracilis. In pastures. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores subellipsoid, 13-14x7 mk. K.; 14x8 mk. W.G.S. ; 13x5 mk. W.P. Name — con, and ruga, a wrinkle. With wrinkled folds. Pers. Syn. p. 424. Fr. Monogr. i. . 439. Hym. Eur. p. 305. Berk. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 424. .5. Mycol. Scot. n. 405. Holmsk. 2. t. 32. — Lower in stature : A. vmosus Corda, Sturm 19. /. 4. B. 6° Br. n. 1952*. C. Illust. PI. 592. — B. stature of A. gracilis : Bull. t. 561. /. i. — A. pellospermus distinct Irom A. corrugis, according to Berkeley. B. & Br. n. 2012. 334 AGARICUS. Psathyra. 1 1.— OBTUSATi. Pileus campanulato-convex, &*c. 748. A. spadiceo-griseus Schaeff.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, date-brown when moist, whitish-grey when dry, very hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, very fragile, campan- ulate then convex, and at length flattened, obtuse, smooth, even, but from its moist substance pelhtcid- striate to the middle. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, whit- ish, shining, striate at the apex, sometimes pulverulent. Gills attenuated behind, hence adnexed only, crowded, narrow, at first ascending, then plane, umber-fuscous. Solitary or gregarious ; sometimes many stems are joined, but not growing together at the base. Watery, fragile. Veil none. On wood. Frequent. Oct.-Nov. Name — spadix, bay brown ; griseus, grey. Schceff. t. 237. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 440. Hym. Eur. p. 306. Berk. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 426. Illust. PL 611. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 406. A. stipatus Fl. Dan. t. 1673.7. 2- 749. A. obtusatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, date-brown-fuscous or umber-ftiscous, paler at the margin, some- what membranaceous, conical when young, then convex, at length flattened, obtuse, even at the disc, striate at the margin ; flesh scarcely any, of the same colour. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fragile, fistulose, round, equal, fibrilloso- silky, not pulverulent, whitish, even at the apex. Veil none. Gills adnate, broad, distinct, somewhat distant, cinereous-fuscous, then umber. Thin, rigid-fragile ; single or csespitose. In the colours and in the absence of a veil it approaches near to A. spadiceus, but is easily distinguished by its stature, by the nature of the stem, and by the gills never being flesh-colour. On the ground and on wood. Rare. Aug. Name — obtusus, blunt. Obtuse. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 441. Hym. Eur. p. 306. B. & Br. n. 918. C. Hbk. n. 427. Illust. PL 593. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 407. Schceff. t. 60. f. 1-3. — Var. minor : Vaill. Par. t. 12. f. 5, 6. III. — FIBRILLOSI. Pileus and stem at the first floccose, &><:. 750. A. bifrons Berk.— Pileus 18 mm. (# in.) broad, ochra- ceous-brown, tinged with red, pale-tan when dry, somewhat mem- branaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly wrinkled ; margin thin, transparent. Stem 6 cent. (2)4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, filiform, thickest at the base, straight, very brittle, naked, but very minutely satiny, not pulverulent. Gills adnate, moderately broad, pinkish-cinereous, margin white, composed of minute wavy teeth. PRATELLI. 335 Spores brown-purple. Pileus clothed, when young, with a delicate evanes- Psathyra. cent veil. Among sticks. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Name — bis, a.nd/rons, front. With two faces. From the different colours. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 114. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 425. Illust. PL 594. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 408. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 347. Hym. Eur. p. 307. Icon. t. 138. /. 2. Var. semitinctus Phill. C. Illust. PL 594. 751. A. semivestitus B. & Br.— Pileus about 12 mm. (X in-) broad, dark brown becoming pale, ovate, obtuse, sprinkled with little snow-white fibrils more than half-way up, not striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (i% lin.) thick, fistulose, nearly straight, fibrilloso-silky, snow-white. Gills adnate, ascending, broad be- hind, umber-brown, tinged with the dark spores. The stem is rather strong, white with a pale under-tinge of brown, and the walls within are white with down. Allied to A. noli-tangere, but distinct in character from all the neighbouring species. Among grass in rich pasture. King's Cliffe, 1860. Oct. Spores elongate pruniform, 14 mk. Q. Name — semi; vestio, to clothe. Half-clothed. From the fibrils on the pileus. B. & Br. n. 920. t. 14. /. 5. C. Hbk. n. 432. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 307. 752. A. fibrillosus Pers.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, livid or becoming white, somewhat membranaceous, cam- panulate then convex, then flattened, obtuse, striate with the translucent gills, commonly smooth, sometimes at the first squam- ulose. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, clothed throughout with fibrilloso-fascictilate, spreading, white sguamules, white. Gills adnate, broader behind, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, at length plane, cinereous then becom- ing black-purple. Spores black-purple. Assuming many forms ; always solitary. The typical form is very fragile. On the ground in woods. Rare. ?£nz, a fibre. Covered with fibrils. Pers. p. 424 (fibrils becoming black, perhaps from the spores). Fr. Monogr. \. p. 442. Hym. Eur. p. 308. Berk. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 428. C. Illust. PL 595. B. 753. A. Gordoni B. & Br.— Pileus 4 cent. (\yz in.) broad, at first pale cinereous, then white, membranaceous, campanulate, sulcato-striate, sprinkled with white floccose scales. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (\yz lin.) thick, fistulose, brittle, trans- versely undulated, white-pruinose above, floccose below, but becoming at length smooth and shining. Gills narrowly ad- 336 AGARICUS. Psathyra. nate, ascending, distant, moderately broad, scarcely ventricose, cinereous. Densely csespitose. Smell faint, nauseous. When young the whole plant is covered over with copious white flocci. On old stumps. Orton Longueville, 1860, &c. Oct. Name — after Marchioness of Huntly. B. & Br. n. 922. t. 15. /. 7. 1661*. C. Hbk, n. 433. A. aulacinus Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 348. 754. A. glareosus B. & Br.— Pileus 12 mm. (l/2 in.) broad, grey, pale chestnut at the apex, campanulate, obtuse or umbonate, striate, with flocci like little crumbs. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in-) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, clothed with white fibrils, brown. Gills broad behind, adnate, umber. Pileus very minutely tomentose. Flesh brown, especially close to the gills. Spores black. On gravelly soil after wet weather. Sibbertoft, 1882. June. Name — glarea, gravel. Found in gravelly places. B. & Br. n. 2011. C. Illust. PL 591. B. 755. A. pennatus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) high, and when at length expanded 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, inclining to livid then white, or becoming fuscous-brick when young, somewhat mem- branaceous, ovate then campanulate, not striate, but for a long time and densely clothed with white plumose scales, at length naked. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (\-\Yz in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistu- lose, equal, villous, white-pulverulent at the apex, silvery. Gills adnexed, crowded, ventricose, broad, livid then fuscous-blackish. Gregarious, fragile, readily distinguished from neighbouring species by its curt stature; but there is an elongated variety. It has the appearance of Coprimis cinereus. On naked soil and on burnt sawdust. Rare. June. Name — penna, a feather. From the feathery scales. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 443. Hym. Eur. p. 308. B. & Br. n. 1010. C. Hbk. n. 430. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 409. Qutl. t. 8.f. 3 (smaller, pileus naked). 756. A. gossypinus Bull. — Pileus ochraceous-clay, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, expanded, tomentose, soon becoming smooth, striate at the margin. Stem tomentose, whitish. Gills adnexed, ventricose, white then fuscous-black. Somewhat caespitose, fragile. From its habit it was formerly referred to Coprini. Allied to A. pennatus, from which it differs chiefly in the more tomentose. covering (veil), with which the young plant is densely wrapped round, and in the ochraccous-c\o.y colour. PRATELLI. 337 I In woods, on the ground. Coed Coch, 1881. Oct. Psathyra Spores 10-13 mk. B. & Br. Name — gossipium, cotton. From its being downy or cottony. Bull. t. 425. /. 2 (large). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. Monogr. i. p. 443. Berk. Out. p. 174. B. & Br. n. 1953. C. Hbk. n. 431. Illust. PL 612. A. Bolt. t. 71. /. i. 757. A. noli-tangere Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, when moist, pallid umber in larger specimens, dark fuscous in smaller, becoming pale when dry, very hygrophanous, mem- branaceous, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, smooth with exception of separating squamules, striate throughout, becoming even when dry. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, somewhat naked, even at the apex. Gills adnate, broad, plane, sometimes pallid, somewhat dark fuscous. Gregarious, very fragile. Stem often curved, becoming fuscous, darker towards the base. A universal veil covering the young plant has not been observed in this species, only white, floccose squamules round the margin of the pileus. The larger form on oak-chips, the smaller on damp shady ground. Among moss, &c. Sibbertoft, 1881. Sept. Spores 13 mk., more elongated than in A. gossypinus, B. & Br. Name — touch-me-not. From its very fragile nature. Fr. Afonogr. i. p. 443. Hym. Eur. p. 309. Icon. t. 138. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1954. C. Illust. PI. 612. B. \. xylophilus Sow. t. 167, but the white scales are awanting. 758. A. microrhizus Lasch.— Pileus ochraceous or rufous- brown, becoming pale, membranaceous, campanulate, even, dry, shining with atoms, at the first yellow-pilose. Stem short, thin, rooted, silky, whitish. Gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, pallid then becoming black-brown. Gregarious, fragile. At the first it is everywhere flocculose and somewhat furnished with a cortina. The spores are fuscous or black according to the ground on which they are deposited. On the naked soil. Sibbertoft, 1881. Sept. Varying in size from a few lines to ij^ in., when it approaches the finer forms of A. gossypinus, B. & Br. Name — fxucpo?, small; p<£o, a root. With short root. Lasch n. 468. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. B. 6s Br. n. 1955. C. Illust PI. 596. A. 759. A. urticsecola B. & Br.— Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white, campanulate, flocculent; margin at length straight, striate. Stem short, fistulose, slender, attenuated upwards, flocculent, white. Gills ventricose in front, attenuated behind, adnexed, at first white, then of a rich chocolate. Stem springing immediately from the matrix. Allied to A. pcnnatus. On nettle-roots. King's Cliffe. Aug. VOL. i. Y 338 AGARICUS. Name — urtica, nettle ; colo, to inhabit. B. & Br. n. 919. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. C. Illust. PL 596. B. SERIES V. COPEINARII (/coVpos, dung.) Spores black, hence the gills, which are all separate from each other, never become purple or fuscous. The genus Coprinus is readily distinguished by the gills cohering at first (not separate) and by their becoming fluid, &>c. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. Intermediate between Agaricus and Coprinus. Subgemis XXXIV. PANJEOLUS (iramio\os, all -variegated). Veil woven, often awanting. Stem polished, slightly firm. Pileus slight- ly fleshy, without strice, the margin exceeding the gills. Gills ascending into the top of the cone, " papilion- aceous " that is variegated, when young here and there somewhat pale yellowish in dry weather. Commonly growing on dung. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. The species will usually be found in rich places, near villages, &c., in summer and late autumn. None are edible. * Pileus, with a gelatinous - liquescent cuticle, viscous, shining when dry. ** Pileus k(damp) moist, opaque, bibulous, when dry somewhat flocculose. *** Pileus dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned, **** pneus dry, smooth, zoned mind the margin. * Pileus viscous, shining when dry. 760. A. separatus Linn. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, clay- whitish, slightly fleshy, ovato-campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth, viscous. Stem as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, varying shorter, fistulose, tense and straight and rigid, slightly attenuated from the thickened base, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, whitish, even, striate under a lens, smooth, naked, black-pruinate above with the spores. Ring distant, entire, persistent, white. Gills adnate, but almost separating, ascending, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, cin- ereous-black. A. major, pileus ovato-campanulate. A. semiovatus Sow. t. 131. A. cili- XXXV. Agaricus (Panaolus) sej>a- ratns. One-fourth natural size. COPRINARII. 339 aris Bolt. t. 53. B. minor, pileus campanulato - convex, yellowish ; stem Panaeolus. 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long. Bull. t. 84. On dung. Common. April-Dec. Pileus when dry shining as if oiled, and sometimes slightly wrinkled when old. Spores ellipsoid, 16-22 x 10-12 mk. K. ; i6x n mk. W.G.S. Name — separatus, distinct, separate. Not casspitose. Linn. Suec. n. 1220. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 444. Hym. Eur. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 174. /. n. f. 7. C. Hbk. n. 437. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 410. Price f. 39. Fl. Bat. 820. /. 2. 761. A. leucophanes B. £ Br.— Pileus 18 mm. (% in.) broad, white, here and there somewhat ochraceous, campanulate, obtuse, viscid, shining when dry, innately silky, appendiculate at the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick in the centre, fistulose, attenuated upwards, white, fibrillose, sprin- kled with mealy particles, transversely somewhat undulated. Gills adnate, pallid grey-flesh-colour, then black, margin white. Allied to A. separates. In grass fields. King's Cliffe. Aug. Spores somewhat cymbiform, 9 mk. B. & Br. Name — AevKos, white ; aiVw, to appear. B. 6s Br. n. 1127. /. n./. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 310. 762. A. fimiputris Bull.— Pileus 2.5 cent (i in.) broad, fulig- inous-cinereous or livid, slightly fleshy, conical then expanded, somewhat gibbous, even, smooth, viscid. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, above the middle girt with an annular zone, becoming pale. Gills adfixed, livid-blackish. More slender and more fragile than A. separatus, with the ring incomplete, and the gills less ascending. There is also a variety, lower in stature, with the stem firmer, and the pileus more flattened and variable in colour. On dung. Common. April-Nov. Pileus generally beaded with the veil, M.J.B. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. Name—Jltfuts, dung; putris, rotten. Bull. t. 66. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 445. Hym. Eur. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 174. t. n. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 439. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 411. Bolt. t. 57. Batt. t. 28. P. 763. A. phalaenarum Fr.— Pileus clay-white, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid, the appendicu- late veil fugacious. Stem equal, slightly firm, somewhat naked, pallid rufescent. Gills adnexed, broad, cinereous-black. It is exactly intermediate between A. separatus and A. papilionaceus ; it differs from the former in having the stem ringless, equal, rufescent, in the veil being appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, but fugacious so that commonly it seems to be awanting, and in the pileus being more convex ; and from the latter in the veil, the viscous pileus, and the clay-white colour. 340 AGARICUS. On dung. Apethorpe. Sept. Name— d\\aiva, a moth. Moth Agaric. From its likeness to A. papilion- aceus. Fr, Hym. Eur. p. 310. Monogr. i. p. 445. Berk. Out, p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 440.— Bull. t. 58. Paul. t. 121. /. i. ** Piletis moist, when dry somewhat flocculose. 764. A. retirugis Fr.— Pileus flesh-tan-colour, slightly fleshy, globose then hemispherical, somewhat umbonate, reticulated with raised ribs, atomate, opaque, appendiculate with the torn veil. Stem equal, pruinose, flesh-colour becoming purple. Gills ad- fixed, ascending, cinereous-blackish. It has entirely the appearance of A. corrugis. On dung. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Spores elliptical, shortly fusiform, 20 mk. Q.; i6xiimk. W.G.S. Name— rete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle. With network of wrinkles. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 441. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 412. A. car- bonarius Batsch f. 91. 765. A. sphinctrinus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, fulig- inous or fuliginous-grey when moist, livid when dry, hygrophan- ous, slightly fleshy, parabolic then campanulate, never expanded, obtuse, never viscous, always opaqtie, but moist in rainy weather, somewhat silky when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, equal, fragile, smooth, fuliginous-grey, even at the apex, pruinose. Veil appendiculate round the margin of the pileus, fugacious, white. Gills adnate, ascending, crowded, cinereous-blackish, the edge of the same colour. Sometimes and when in fullest vigour, the pileus is covered with fibrils, chiefly round the margin. There is a very small variety with the stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, and linear gills. Buxb. C. v. /. 48. /. 2. On dung. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Name— 0-iyKT>jp, a band, a muscle which remains naturally in a state of con- traction. From its never becoming expanded. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 445. Hym. Eur. p. 311. B. & Br. n. 1662. 8. Mycol. Scot, n, 413. Quel. t. 8. /. 5 (slender form).— Batt. t. 27. L. *** Pileus dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned. 766. A. campanulatus Linn.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) high and broad, fuscous-fuliginous^ rufe scent when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate at length convex, often umbonate, continuous (not cracked), dry, even, somewhat shining. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, COPRINARII. 341 even, smooth, tufescent, striate and at first pruinose at the apex, Panseolu? then black-pulverulent with the shed spores. Gills adnate, as- cending, crowded, varying grey and black. Veil very fugacious and often awanting. The edge of the gills commonly whitish. There is a very small variety. The stem in both forms is often sprinkled with small watery drops in rainy weather. On dung and rich ground. Common. June-Nov. Spores subellipsoid, i6-i8x 10-13 m^- K- Name — campanula, a little bell. Bell-shaped. Linn. Suec. 2. n. 1213. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 446. Hym. Eur. p. 311. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 442. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 414.— Bull. t. 561. / 2. L. Buxb. C. iv. t. 13. — Major Fl. Dan. t. 1959. — Minor Batsch f. 6. 767. A. papilionaceus Fr.— Pileus pallid, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, smooth, rimoso-scaly when dry. Stem equal, even, whitish, white-pulverulent at the apex. Gills broadly adnate, very broad, at length plane, blackish. It is certainly distinct from A. campanulalus, to which it is very much allied, in the following ; stature in general smaller and firmer, stem even and whitish, even and -white-pulverulent at Hie apex ; pileus hemispherical (not campanulate), almost that of A. semiglobatus, commonly rimoso-scaly when dry, dry, pallid ; gills broadly adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad (often broader than long), plane. In a very small form the stem is 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, but the pileus is equally broad, in which it differs from the very small form of A. campanulatus. On dung, &c. Common. July-Nov. Name — papilio, a butterfly. Variegated. Fr, Hym. Eur. p. 311. Monogr. i. p. 446. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 443. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 415. Bull. t. 561.7. 2, N.M. 768. A. caliginosus Jungh.— Pileus brown, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth. Stem equal, even, naked, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed, ascending, lanceolate, fuliginous-black. Small, slender. A very thin veil has been observed. In rich pasture. Glamis, 1874. Oct. Name— callgo, gloom, darkness. Dusky in colour. Jungh. in Linn. v. 5, /. 6./. 13. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 312. B. & Br. n. 1540. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 416. ##** Pileus dry, smooth, zoned round the margin. 769. A. subbalteatus B. & Br.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, dull deep fawn-colour, pallid when dry, hygrophanous, rather fleshy, convex, with the margin slightly incurved, then expanded, obtuse or slightly umbonate, irregular, slightly wrinkled, marked near the margin with a dark narrow zone. 342 AGARICUS. Veil none. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2% in.) high, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, red-brown, fistulose, brittle, stringy, splitting longitudinally, marked with short white fibrils. Grills aclnate, slightly ventricose, brownish, margin white, slightly toothed. Spores black. Csespitose. Closely allied to A. cinctulus Bolt., but differing in habit and in many essential characters. In a tare-field. Apethorpe, 1860. Sept. Fries omits A. cinctulus Bolt, as he suspects the figure is incorrect. Name — sub, and balteus, a band or border. Somewhat banded. From the zone near the margin. B, & Br. n. 923. C. Hbk. n. 445. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 312. 770. A. acuminatus Fr. — Pileus flesh - tan - colour, slightly fleshy, conical, sharp-pointed, even, smooth, shining, zoned with a blackish line round f he margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, thin, equal, pruinose, thickened at the base, of two colours, pallid above, fuscous downwards. Gills aclnexed, ventricose, crowded, blackish. Very much allied to A. papilionaceus, &c., but easily distinguished by the colour and shape of the pileus, &c. Pileus " tawny- violaceous " : Seer. The margin of the pileus is at first crenulate. On dung. Sibbertoit, 1870. Oct. Name — acuminatus, sharp-pointed. From the pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 312. Monogr. \. p. 447. B. & Br. n. 1258. Batt. t. 22. F. Schceff. t. 202 differs in the long and dark stem, but the traces of a line are present. 771. A. fimicola Fr.— Pileus fiiliginous-grey when moist, be- coming clay-hoary when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, obtuse, even, smooth, opaque, marked round the margin with a narrow fuscous zone, and inside this with a white one; flesh thin, grey-white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, soft-fragile, equal, becoming dingy pale, obsoletely slightly silky-striate, white-pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat ventricose, broad (almost semi-ovate), variegated grey and fuliginous. On dung, rich pasture, &c. Rare. Oct. Name— -fimus, dung; colo, to inhabit. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 447. Hym. Eur. p. 312. Berk. Out. p. 175. B. & Br. n. 1259 (a stouter form). C. Hbk. n. 446. Buxb. C. iv. t. 28. /. 4. — B more slender, A. varius Bolt. t. 66. f. i. Psathyreiia. Stibgenus XXXV. PSATHYRELLA ($a08P6s, fragile). Veil not woven, scarcely conspicuous. Pileus membranaceous, striate, margin not exceeding the gills. Gills equally black-fuliginous, COPRINARII. 343 XXXVI. Agaricns (Psathyrella} disseminates. One-half natural not variegated, and not becoming fuscous or purple. In appear- ance wholly like Psathyra. Spores black on a white ground, but in one or two species slightly fuscous when deposited on a black ground. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 313. The straight margin of the pileus is adpressed to the stem. Thinner than Psathyra. * Stem tense and straight, smooth. ** Stemflexuous, pruinate at the apex. * Stem tense and straight, smooth. 772. A. subatratus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, and when ex- panded 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, umber- rufescent, pallid-rufescent when dry, membranaceous, campanulate, ob- tuse, smooth, even, slightly striate size, round the margin. Stem 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, tense and straight, equal, even, smooth, not pruinate, becoming pale- white. Gills adnexed in the top of the cone, aclnate when the pileus is more expanded, linear, scarcely beyond 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, fuliginous-blackish, almost umber, edge of the same colour. Spores shining black. Gregarious, fragile. The above is the typical form. In an intermediate form the stem is shorter, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.); in a smaller form the stem is only 2.5 cent, (i in.), the pileus somewhat umbonate, fuligin- ous when moist, somewhat olivaceous, the gills ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad. On rich ground. Batheaston, 1869. Sept. Spores pruniform, 12-15 mk- (?• Name — sub, and ater, dead black. Black- ish. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 305. Hym. Eur. p. 313. B. & Br. n. 1260. 773. A. gracilis Fr.— Pileus i 2.5 cent. (>£-i in.) broad, fulig- inous, livid, &c., when dry tan, rosy or whitish, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanula^ obtuse, smooth, even, slightly and pellucidly-striate only round the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, remarkably tense and straight, equal, naked, smooth, whitish, not rooted, •whitc-mllous at the base. Gills wholly adnate, commonly broader behind (rarely linear), almost distant, distinct, at first whitish, then cinereous-blackish with the black spores, edge rose-coloured. 344 AGARICUS. Psathyrella. When dry the pileus is soft to the touch. Gregarious, fragile. Very similar to A. corrugis, and there is a variety corrugated. Waysides, hedgerows, &c. Common. July-Oct. Spores ellipsoid, 13-14x7-8 mk. K.; 5X 12 mk. W.G.S. Name— gracilis, slender. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 448. Hym. Eur. p. 313. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. n, 447. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 417. Saiind. er" Sm. t. 37. f. i, 2. 774. A. hiascens Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, livid then becoming yellow, membranaceous, conico - campanulate, obtuse, smooth, soon split and opening in furrows (commonly to the middle), the divided margin at length revolute. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, rigid-fragile^ naked, smooth, whitish. Gills adnate, narrow, linear or somewhat attenuated in front, distinct, distant, whitish then shining black, at length very dead black. Spores dead black. In the pileus opening into furrows it has quite the habit of some of the thinner Coprini, but the gills are arid, persistent, not becoming fluid. In grassy places and hedges. Rare. Name — hiasco, to split, gape. Opening in furrows. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 448. Hym. Eiir. p. 314. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. n. 448. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 418. Bull. t. 552.7. 2. F. G. 775. A. aratus Berk.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, f in. across, bright brown, membranaceous, campanulato-conic, rather acute, deeply sulcate ; flesh of the disc of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, fistulose, thickened at the base, smooth, white. Gills quite free, lanceolate, purplish black. Allied iQ\A. hydrophorus Bull., but clearly distinct. Under hedges. Woodnewton. Name — aro, to plough. Furrowed, sulcate. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. n. 449. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 314. 776. A. trepidus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, date brown at the disc^ otherwise fuliginous, membranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, even at the disc, otherwise slightly but densely striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, tense and straight (rarely flexuous), quite smooth and naked, diaphanous, hyaline. Gills adnate, crowded, ventricose, very \h\\\, fuliginous-shining black. Spores dead black. On moist ground. Hothorpe. Spores pruniform, 12 mk. Q. Name— trepidus, trembling. From its very fragile nature. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 449. Hym. Eur. p. 314. Icon. 1. 139. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1956. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 29. /. i. COPRINARII. 345 ** Stemflexuous, pruinate at the apex. Psathyrelia. 777. A. caudatus Fr.— Pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad when flattened, date brown, membranaceous, very tender, conical then campanulate, at length flattened, smooth, the somewhat gib- bous disc even, otherwise pellucid-striate, not corrugated. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fis- tulose, attenuated from the thickened and rooting base, very fragile, curved, at length tortuous, undulated on the surface, white prui- nate at the apex, becoming pale-white. Veil none. Gills adnate, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, distinct, cinereous-black, edge of the same colour. In wet weather the pileus is split and somewhat deliquescent ; when dry, however, it is firmer, tan obsoletely turning to flesh-colour. The spores are dead black on white paper, fuscous-dead black on black paper. The habit is almost that of A. gracilis. The largest of this group, but very fragile. Among stumps of a wooden pavement. Sibbertoft, 1870. Sept. Pileus at first sienna-brown, at length whitish, often transversely cracked. Stem fibrillose. Gills ventricose, B. & Br. Name— cauda, a tail. Fur- nished with a tail-like root. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 449. Hym. Eur. p. 314. B. & Br. n. 1261. Paul. t. 124. /. i, 2. 778. A. pronus Fr. — Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, fuligi- nous when moist, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate then hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, pellucid- striate, obsoletely slightly silky-atomate when dry. Stem 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, very fistulose, filiform, Jlexuous, lax, equal, very smooth, pruinose at the apex under a lens, becoming pale. Gills adnate, plane, somewhat triangular, distant, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, livid-fuliginous, with black dots from the spores. Spores very dead black. In grassy places. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Name — promts, prostrate. P'rom the lax stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 450. Uym. Eur. p. 315. Icon. t. 139. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 924. C. Hbk. n. 450. S. My col. Scot. n. 419. 779. A. empyreumaticus B. & Br.— Pileus 4 cent. (i>£ in.) broad, rufous then becoming pale, hygrophanous, expanded, atomate ; margin crenate. Stem 6 cent. (2}4 in.) long, 3 mm. (i)4 lin.) thick, narrowly but distinctly fistulose, silky- furfur- aceous, pallid. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, broad, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, distant, connected by veins, rufous then brown- purple, pallid at the edge. Resembling A. confragosus so closely that, till the spores were observed, it was taken for that species. 34-6 AGARICUS. Psathyreila. On wooden pavement. Sibbertoft, 1870. Oct. Name— e/K7rty>os, scorched. Burnt-scented. B. & Br. n. 1262. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 315. 780. A. atomatus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (X-1 in-) broad, livid, when dry becoming pale tan or pale flesh colour, some- times reddish, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, ob- tuse, slightly striate, when dry without striae, slightly wrinkled, sprinkled with shining atoms. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, not rooted, lax, slightly bent (not tense and straight), white and white-pulverulent at the apex. Grills adnate, broad, ventricose, slightly distant, distinct, whitish, but cinereous-blackish with the black spores. Solitary or gregarious. Pileus changing like A. gracilis from livid to whit- ish and rose-colour, but more fragile. In woods, hedges, &c. Common. July-Sept. Spores 14x9 mk. W.G.S. Name — atomatus, atomate. Sprinkled with shining atoms. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 450. Hym. Eur. p. 315. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. n. 451. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 420.' Saund. & Sm. t. 37.7. 3-6. 781. A. crenatus Lasch. — Pileus 18 mm. -2. 5 cent, (^-i in.) broad, ochrey or rufescent then pale, hygrophanous, membran- aceous, hemispherical, sulcate, atomate, crenate at the margin. Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, somewhat curved, fragile, smooth, whitish, striate and mealy above. Gills adnate, somewhat ventri- cose, light yellowish-fuscous then blackish. Fragile. On the ground. Penzance. Name— crenatus, scalloped. Crenate at the margin. Lasch n. 465. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 315. B. & Br. n. 2013. 782. A. disseminatus Pers. — Pileus whitish, or yellowish then changing into cinereous, commonly livid, the disc becom- ing yellow, membranaceous, oval then campanulate, at first scurfy, then smooth, sulcate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, fragile, fistulose, often curved, lax, somewhat flexuous, slightly scurfy then smooth, white. Gills adnate ascending, broad, but scarcely ventricose, white-cinereous then blackish. The stem often encircled at the base with the white mycelium expanded in a stellate manner. Densely crowded or ccespitose. Varying much in stature. The habit is that of Coprinus, very thin and soon wasting, but not becoming fluid. About stumps and on the ground. Common. May-Nov. Pileus about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. Often growing in multitudes. Spores COPRINUS. 347 8x6 mk. W. G.S. Name — dissemino, to scatter. Widely spread. Pers. Psathyrelln. Syn. p. 403. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 451. Hym. Eur. p. 316. Berk. Out. p. C. Hbk. n. 452. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 421. Quel. t. 8. /. 5.— A. major. 176. Sow. t. 166. Paul. t. 123. f. 6. — B. minor, disc at length papillate. Fl. Dan, t. 1848. Schceff. t. 308 (quite young). Batschf. 3. Buxb. C. ii. t. 50. /. 5. Batt. t. 27. C. GENUS II. — Montagnites (after Montagne). Fr. Epicr. p. 240. The universal veil forming a volva, persistent. Stem dilated at the apex into a plane round disc, even on both sides, to the mar- gin of which are adfixed the gills which are free, not joined by any membrane, radiating, razor-shaped, persistent, obtuse at the edge. Trama cellulose. Spores oblong, even, black fuscous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 319. No British species. • GENUS III.— Coprinus (icfapos, dung). Pers. Fr. Epicr. p. 241. Coprinus. Hymenophore separate from the stem. Gills membranaceous, at first closely pressed together and cohering, scissile, at length melting away into a black fluid. Trama obsolete. Spores oval, even, black. A very distinct and sharply de- fined genus. Fugacious fungi, most of them furnished with a floccose or furfuraceous universal veil. Gills linear or ventricose, whence the ori- ginal form of the pileus is cylindrical or ovate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 320. The gills in this very natural genus are fully developed when the fungus first makes its appearance. The bio- logical difference of the gills, as compared with those of Agaricus, is much more remarkable than the characters which distinguish most genera. The species are of rapid growth, often ephemeral. They XXXVII. Coprinus contains. One-fourth natural size. 34 AGARICINI. Coprinus. grow on rich and highly manured places, often on dung, some- times on decaying wood. Some are edible. Trib. I. Pelliculosi (pellicula, a thin skin). Gills covered above with a fleshy or membranaceous cuticle, and hence the pileus does not open into furrows along the gills, but becomes torn and revolute. * Comati (coma, hair : C. comatus). Furnished with a ring arising from the volva, the cuticle torn into scales. ** Atramentarii (atramentum, ink : C. atramentarius). Somewhat ringed (but not with a volva), pileus dotted or spotted with minute innate squamules. *** Picacei (pica, a magpie, pied: C. picaceus}. Universal veil floccnlose, at first continuous, then broken up into superficial scales which form patches on the pileus. **** Tomentosi (tomentum, down : C. tomentosus). Pileus at first clothed with distinct fiocci or lax villous down, which fall off and disappear. Ring none. ***** Micacei (mico, to glitter : C. micaceus). Pileus covered with small micaceous scales or granules, which fall off and disappear. Ring none. ****** Glabrati (glaber, smooth). Pileus smooth, without fioccose or mica- ceoiis squamules. Veil none. Trib. II. Veliformes (velum, a veil ; forma, form). Pileus very thin, with- out a pellicle, at length opening into furrows along the back of the gills, and becoming plicato-sulcate. Stem thin, fistulose. Gills melting away into very thin lines. * Cyclodei (KUKA.OS, a circle; etSos, appearance). Stem annulate or volvate. ** Lanatuli (lanatus, woolly). Pileus clothed with superficial, separating fioccules, gills free. Ringless. *** Furfurelli (furfiireus, branny). Pileus micaceous or furfuraceous, gills commonly adnate to the apex of the stem which (in some species) is dilated into a- ring or collar. Ringless. **** Hemerobii (wepa, a day ; /Sios, life). Pileus always smooth. Ringless. I. — PELLICULOSI. Cuticle fleshy or membranaceous. * Comati. With a ring arising from the volva, &^c. 1. 0. comatus Fr.— Pileus white, slightly fleshy, at the first cylindrical, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, and continuous, soon expanded, the cuticle separating into adpressed shaggy scales, the darker vertex remaining persistently entire, at length striate (but never sulcate) ; margin often unequal. Stem 20 cent. (8 in.) and more long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) and more thick, hollow but with spider-web threads within, radiato-bulbous when young, then attenuated upwards, fibrillose, shining, dingy or lilac-white. Ring comparatively thin, torn, moveable, at length vanishing. Gills free, separate from the stem, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, linear, white then becoming purple, and at length black and deliquescent. Spores globose. Ring sometimes persistent at the base in the form of a volva : Bolt. t. 54. In drier weather it becomes whiter as do also the gills : Paul. t. 128. On rich soil near roads, houses, &c. Frequent. April-Oct. COPRINUS. 349 A very handsome plant, and easily identified by its fine cylindrical form, its Coprinus. soft clothy scales and snowy whiteness. Generally growing in considerable quantity. Edible ; tender and delicious. It should be gathered when the gills are white or just becoming tinged with pink, and not used when they be- come black. It makes excellent ketchup. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid- ellipsoid, 11-13x6-8 mk. K. ; 15x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — coma, hair. Shaggy, maned. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 452. Hym. Eur. p. 320. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 87. Berk. Out. p. 177. C. Hbk. n. 453. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 422. A. comatus Fl. Dan. t. 834. Harz. t. 21. Grev. t. 119. Dadh. i. t. 10. f. 2, ii. /. 7. f. 1-3. Krombh. t. 30. f. 15-21. Klotsch. Bar. t. 389. A. porcellanus Scheeff. t. 46, 47. A. typhoides Bull. t. 582. /. 2. A. fimetarius Bolt. t. 44. Curt. Land. t. 93. A. cylindricus Sow. t. 189. Batt. t. 26. f. B. 2. C. ovatus Fr. — Pileus white, somewhat membranaceous, at the first ovate and densely imbricated with thick spreading con- centric scales, covered with an even hood at the apex, then ex- panded, striate. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, solid at the base, rooting, otherwise hollow, with spider-web threads within, attenuated upwards, flocculose, shining white. Ring not very conspicuous and soon vanishing. Gills free, then remote, slight- ly ventricose, at the first somewhat naked and remaining long shining white, at length umber-blackish, never becoming purple. Smaller, thinner, less handsome than C. comatus. For the most part solitary. On rich ground. Woodnewton. Name — ovum, an egg. Egg-shaped. Fr. Monogr. 1. /. 453. Hym. Eur. p. 320. B. & Br. n. 925. C. Hbk. n. 454. Agaricus Schceff. t. 7. 3. C. sterquilinus Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, somewhat membranaceous, ovato-conical, then campanulate, scarcely ex- panded, obtuse, fragile, deeply sulcate, the furrows forked, but at the same time silky -villons and squarrose on the disc with diverg- ing imbricated scales, at length split at the margin. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick at the apex, hollow, but solid at the base, not rooted, zoned at the base with an oblique free volvaceous ring, attenuated upwards, fragile, fibrillose, wKite, not zoned internally. Gills free, slightly ventricose, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, purplish-umber. Widely removed from C. comatus, &c. The pileus is not as in these covered with a continuous hood at the apex. Stem becoming somewhat black when touched. On cow-dung. Rare. Aug. Name — sterquilinium, a dunghill. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 454. Hym. Eur. p. 321. Berk. Out. p. 177. C. Hbk. n. 455. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 423. Quel. t. 9. /. 2. Agaricus Michel, t. 80. /. 3. 350 AGARICINI. Coprinus. ** Atramentarii. Somewhat ringed (but not with a volvo), &°c. 4. C. atramentarius Fr. — Pileus lurid-fuliginous, but becom- ing hoary with adpressed silky lustre, slightly fleshy, ovate, ob- tuse, wholly longitudinally and deeply silicate and ribbed, soft to the touch, repand-unequal at the margin, squamulose on the disc, slightly adpressedly-silky at the sides. Stem at first ventricose, fusiform, attenuated shortly downwards, for a greater distance upwards, with angular furrows, a little longer than the pileus ; then elongate-attenuated upwards, 20 cent. (8 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in.) and more thick, firm, longitudinally fibrillose, even at the apex, zoned within. Gills quite free, very ventricose, 12 mm. ()4 in.) and more broad, at first cohering, whitish and flocculose at the edge, then becoming brown-black. Pileus when full grown become so even as at first sight to appear smooth, white-cinereous, with fuscous scales ; it deliquesces as it expands, and does not become revolute. Flesh scissile, fuliginous. Size various, sometimes as large as the fist, but often less. The stem where the edge of the adpressed pileus touches it is thicker, in the form of an angular, incompletely ringed knot; the knot however vanishes and the stem becomes equal, nay bulbous. The gills when deliquescing stain abominably black. Commonly in very large clusters; very changeable according to age and situation. In fine weather it becomes whiter, as do also the gills : Paul. t. 129. On rich soil by waysides, &c. Common. May-Nov. Very easily identified from the peculiar form of the stem. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 9-10 x 6 mk. K. ; 9 x 5 mk. W. G.S. Edible. Name — atramentum, ink. From its dissolving into an inky fluid. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 455. Hym. Eur. p. 322. Berk. Out. p. 177. t. 12. /. i. C. Hbk. n. 456. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 424. Agaricus Bull. t. 164. Sow. t. 188. Fl. Dan. t. 1370. Badh. i. /. io./ i, ii. /. g.f. i, 2. Klotsch. FL Bor. t. 390. Vaill. Par. t. 12. f. io, ii. Compare Sckteff. t. 67, 68. 5. C. fuscescens Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) rarely 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish, becoming fuscous at the disc, slightly fleshy at the middle, globose and ovate then expanded, and at length revolute when deliquescent, not sulcate, obtuse, unpolished, squamulose on the disc. Stems fistulose to the base, equal (not ventricose when young), at first very short, soon elongated, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, in its earliest stage only obsoletely ringed towards the base, when full grown even and smooth. Gills free, very broad, semi-ovate, at the first white then umber. Caespitose, fragile. Stem slightly silky under a lens, though even and smooth to the naked eye. Gills at the first adhering to the stem, not at the first so densely sprinkled-white as those of C. atramentarius ; in deliquescing they become linear. It is smaller, thinner, at the first more equal than C. atramentarius ; pileus at first covered, not with micaceous atoms, but with a somewhat mealy pruina. COPRINUS. 351 On stumps. Uncommon. Aug. Coprinus. Spores 10x5 mk. W.G.S. Name—fuscus, dark or swarthy. Becoming fuscous. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 456. Hym. Eur, p. 322. Berk. Out. p. 178. C. Hbk. n. 4^7. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 425. Klotsch. t. 375. Agaricus Schceff. f. 17. *** Picacei. Universal veilfioccose, &c. 6. 0. picaceus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, thin, somewhat membranaceous, ovate then camp ami late and. expanded, at length revolute, fuliginous-black, variegated with broad unequal superficial separating white scales from the breaking up of the universal woven veil. Stem about 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow all the way into the rootless bulb, fragile, attenuated upwards, ringless and rather smooth, shining white. Gills free, ventricose, cinereous-dead black, then becom- ing shining black and melting into fluid. Soon deliquescing. There is a smaller variety growing on rotten wood ; also a sterile form, white, the gills with unchanged colour melting into milk- white fluid. In grassy places, roadsides, &c. Rare. Sept.-Dec. Smell often extremely disagreeable, M.J.B. Considered poisonous. Spores 14x9 mk. W.G.S. Name— pica, a magpie. Pied, black and white. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 457. Hym. Eur. p. 323. Berk. Out. p. 178. C. Hbk. n. 458. Agaricus Bull. t. 206. Fl. Dan. t. 1499. Sow. t. 170. 7. C. aphthosus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, livid, some- what membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, expanded, not striate, melting slowly. Stems 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, soft, somewhat fragile, equal, but commonly twisted, fibrillose, white. Gills adnate, linear, white then blackish. Smaller, thinner, with fewer individuals in the cluster than in the case of neighbouring species. Partial veil none ; universal veil continuous only in its earliest stage, soon passing into superficial fioccose -white but easily separat- ing scales. In hollow trees, cellars, &c. Rare. Name — like an aphthous tongue (a$0ai, the thrush). From the appearance of the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 458. Hym. Eur. p. 323. Berk. Out. p. 178. C. Hbk. n. 459. A. domesticus Bolt. t. 26 var. pileus repand, becoming olive. 8. C. flocculosus Fr.— Pileus dingy white, membranaceous, ovate then expanded, striate, split, covered over with floccose scales. Stem hollow, attenuated upwards, even, white, swollen at the base. Gills free, violaceous then fuscous-black. Single, of low stature ; habit of C. picaceus. 35 2 AGARICINI. Coprinus. jn pastures and garden-ground. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Pileus 6 cent. (2% in.) across, splitting in the direction of the gills. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, finely silky under a lens. Generally solitary! B. & Br. IXa.me—faccus, a flock of wool. Slightly floccose. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 323. B. & Br. n. 926. C. Hbk. n. 461. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 426. Agaricus Batt. t. 25. A. 9. C. similis B. & Br.— Pileus pallid, the centre darker, hygro- phanous, ovato-campanulate, lineato-striate, clothed with acute separating warts which are fuscous at the apex. Stem hollow, white, broader at the base. Gills adnate, attenuated behind, somewhat linear, brownish near the margin. Resembling C. aphthosus, but differing in the striate pileus, &c. On trunks of dead trees. Bodelwyddan. Sept. Name — similis, like. From its resemblance to C. aphthosus. B. &= Br. n. ion. C. Hbk. 11. 460. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 323. **** Tomentosi. Pileus at first clothed with distinct fiocci, &>c. 10. C. exstinctorius Fr. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale, the darker disc somewhat livid, somewhat mem- branaceous, clavate then campamdate, striate at the margin'; then rimosely split, expanded, scarcely revolute. Stem 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, attenuated from the rooted base, becoming smooth, white, without a partial veil. Gills reaching the stem, narrow, lanceolate, white then fuscous- blackish. The covering of the pileus, arising from the universal veil, is ftoccoso-scaly , easily separating, not so dense as in C. fimetarius, &c., becoming bald from the margin to the vertex, whereas in C. fimetarius it becomes bald from the vertex towards the margin. For the most part solitary. Firmer than neigh- bouring species. On the ground. Rare. Sept. Name — exstinctor, an extinguisher. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 459. Hym. Eur. p. 324. Berk. Out. p. 178. C. Hbk. n. 462. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 427. Agaricus Bull. t. 437. /. i. Paul. t. 124. /. 7. Bolt. t. 24? 11. C. fimetarius Fr. — Pileus membranaceous, thin, at first cylindrical, soon conical, at length revolute and torn at the margin, when young everywhere covered with fioccoso-sqnarrose white scales (from the universal veil) which separate from the vertex towards the circumference, at length naked, longitudinally cracked, but not opening into furrows, the vertex, which remains entire, livid. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more thick, hollow, fragile, thickened and solid at the base, attenuated COPRINUS. 353 upwards, shining white and villous with squamules of the same Coprinus. colour. Gills free, reaching the stem, at first ventricose, then linear, Jlexuous, black. Stem when young curt and firmer. Var. B. macrorhiza : pileus plumoso- scaly ; stem shorter, somewhat marginato-bulbous, rooted, villous (and often beaded with watery drops). Rather a singular young form than a true variety. Mich. t. 80. /. 2. Var. C. pullata : pileus adpressedly scaly and tomentose, soon denuded, fuscous-blackish ; stem equal, becoming smooth. An old state. Bolt. t. 20. Sow. t. 262. On dung". Common. April, &c. Sometimes there is a root as long as the stem, M.J.B. Spores sphoeroid- ellipsoid, 15-18 x 9-12 mk. K. ; 15 x 9 mk. W. G.S. Name— -fimetum, a dung- hill. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 459. Hym. Eur. p. 324. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 463. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 428. Hoffm. Ic. t. 9. /. 2. A. cinereus Bull. t. 88. 12. C. tomentosus Fr.- Pileus 4 cent. (ij£ in.) high, grey white, somewhat membranaceous, cylindrical then conical or nar- rowly pyramidal, not expanded, striate and at length longitudin- ally cracked, covered over with thin flocculose somewhat persistent down. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat equal, at first eqtially covered over with thin white villous down, thickened at the base when young. Gills free, linear, fuscous-blackish, at first white-micaceous at the edge. The stem is comparatively shortened. Very much allied to C. fimelarius, but smaller, scarcely caespitose, and very easily distinguished at first sight by its peculiar habit. On dung and rich pastures. Frequent. Sept. The coating sometimes peels off in broad patches, M.J.B. Name — tomen- tum, flock. Downy. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 460. Hym. Eur. p. 325. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 464. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 429. Agaricus Bull. t. 138. Bolt. t. 156. Mich. t. 80. / 5. 13. C. niveus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (r-2 in-) broad, snow- white, somewhat membranaceous, at first ovate, soon campanulato- expanded, not split before it becomes revolute and torn, mealy- floccose, often squamulose. Stem at first short, then elongated to 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, very fragile, attenuated upwards, covered over with snow-white down. Gills reaching the stem, adnexed, narrow, at first cohering, at length, when the pileus is split, here and there distant, blackish. It varies extremely in size, but in general is smaller than C. fimetarius, and often so delicate that it may easily be confounded with the floccose species of section Veliformes. It is distinguished from C. tomentosus, &c., chiefly by the snow-white down being somewhat persistent, and by the gills not being free. On horse and deer dung. Common. June-Nov. VOL. I. Z 354 AGARICINI. CoprinuR. It is often considerably smaller than indicated by Fries. Spores 10x12 mk. W.G.S. Name — nix, snow. Snow-white. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 460. Hym. Bur. p. 325. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 465. S. My col. Scot. n. 430. Agaricus Fl. Dan. t. 1671. Paul. t. 125. f. 2. B. minor. Sow. t. 262. XXXVIII. Coprinns micaceus One-third natural size. Micacei. Pileus with micaceous squamules, &>c. 14. C. micaceus Fr. A. major. — Pileus at first yellow-ferrug- inous, the even disc darker, at length date - brown - fuscous, somewhat membranaceous, undu- lato-lobed, rimosely split, striate, but not opening into furrows, at first covered with micaceous scales, smooth when these separate. Stems 7.5 cent. (3 in.) to as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, hollow and soft, even, at first obsoletely white-silky then fibroso-fibrillose, whitish. Gills adnexed, lanceolate, linear in deli- quescing, isabelline, becoming brown at the edge. B. minor. — Pileus yellowish - livid when moist, ferruginous-ochraceous when dry, date -brown at the disc, somewhat mem- branaceous, but scissile, oval then campan- ulate, forked-sulcate, the furrows micaceous, soon split at the margin, but even at the disc. Stem equal, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, even, sometimes curved, becoming smooth, white. Gills white then livid, at first at the edge then wholly fuscous- blackish. Very changeable, for the most part csespitose. The stems are often angular, from mutual pressure, and sometimes when young have the thickened knot at the middle, as in C. atramentarius. In abnormal forms the pileus is unequal, ribbed-sulcate, transversely rimoso-squarrose. On stumps, the ground, &c. Common. April-Nov. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. ; 10x5 mk. W.P. Name — mica, grain, granule. From the shining particles. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 461. Hym. Eur. p. 325. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 466. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 431. Agaricus Bull. t. 246. Fl. Dan. t. 1143. Klotsch. Fl. Bor. t. 376. Fl. Bat. t. 820. f. 3. Corda Sturm, xi. t. 49. In rainy weather somewhat deliquescent, pile- us soon naked, at length date-brown-fuscous. Bull t. 365. Sch&ff. t. 66. f. 4-6. In dry weather withering, pileus becoming pale, micaceous-squamulose, persistent. Bull. t. 246. Corda Sturm, xi. 19. t. 2. — Var. Icstior. A. con- gregatus Sow. t. 261. Grev. t. 76. Paul. t. 26. f. 3. 15. C. aratus B. & Br.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, umber, campanulate, deeply sulcate up to the darker disc, which is some- times wrinkled, sometimes even, sprinkled with large micaceous particles, revolute in decay. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, 5 mm. COPRINUS. 355 (2^ lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, slightly bulbous at Coprinus. the base, straight, smooth, or rather minutely silky, snow-white, umber within. Gills separating, narrow, attenuated at either end, deep rich brown then black. Solitary, tall. A magnificent species, allied to C. micaceus. Grooved like A^\irici/s hiascens. The gills are at first attached, but so slightly that they easily part from the stem, so as to appear free ; but they are still connected at the base, as if there were a slight collar. In a hollow tree. King's Cliffe, 1860, &c. May. Name— aro, to plough. Sulcate. B. & Br. n. 927. 1956*. C. Hbk. n. 467. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 326. 16. C. radians Fr. — Pileus yellow-tawny, becoming pale, membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, micaceous, gramdoso- scaly at the disc, striate at the margin. Stem fistulose, equal, naked, fibrilloso-rooting at the base. Gills reaching the stem, somewhat linear, white then violaceous-black. Small, somewhat caespitose. Lycoperdon radiatum Sow. t. 145 represents its early stage, On plaster walls. Uncommon. July. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — radians, radiating. From the habit of the base. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 326. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 468. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, /. 35. n. 2161. Agaricus Desmaz in Ann. Sc. Nat, 13. t. 10. f. i. 17. C. papillatus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, fus- cous, disc darker, membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, at length flattened and revolute, torn, striate, scurfy and beset with minute warts which are more crowded on the disc. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth except at the base, hyaline-pellucid^ commonly pruinose at the apex with the spores. Gills few, free, but reaching the stem, blackish. The smallest of the group, growing in troops, and less fugacious than the others. It approaches very near to the Veliformes, but is allied to C. mi- caceus, &c., in the covering of the pileus. Var. oxygena : pileus whitish, in- clining to grey and as well as the stem sparingly flocculose. On dung and on the ground. Shrewsbury. Name— papilla, a teat. From the minute points on the pileus. Fr. Mon- ogr. i. /. 462. Hym. Eur. p. 326. B. 6* Br. n. 1958. Agaricus Batsch /. 78. ****** Qiabrati. Pileus smooth, &c. 18. C. alternatus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (i% in.) broad, chalky- pallid, pale umber at the disc, somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, 356 AGARICINI. Coprinus. even, very smooth, discoid. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, hollow, attenuated from the thickened base where it is 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, smooth, becoming pale. Gills adnate, linear, cine- reous then black. Somewhat casspitose. On the ground. East Dereham. Striped with alternate striae broad and narrow, M.J.B. Name — alter- natus, alternate. From the striae. Fr. Hym. Ear. p. 327. B. & Br. n. 1957. Agaricus Fl. Dan. t. 1961. f. i. 19. C. deliquescens Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, livid-fuliginous, membranaceous, ovato - campanulate then ex- panded, smooth, but papillate ivith minute points on the disc, never floccose or split, but revolute and striate, the striae broad, but not deep. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, hollow, corticate, equally attenuated upwards, smooth, shining white. Gills free, at length remote from the stem, very crowded, flexuous, very narrow, only i m. (% lin.) broad, lurid-blackish. Slightly firm. On stumps and among fallen leaves. Frequent. Aug. Sometimes confounded with C. atramentarius, M.J.B. Name — deliquesce, to dissolve. Deliquescing. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 463. Hym. Eur. p. 327. Berk. Out. p. 180. C. Hbk. n. 469. S.MycoL Scot. n. 432. Agaricus Bull, t- 558. /. i. Klotsch. Fl. Bar. t. 376. II. — VELIFORMES. Pileus very thin, without a pellicle, &c. * Cyclodei. Stem annulate or volvate. 20. C. Hendersonii Berk. — Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, apex brownish shaded into cinereous towards the margin, at first cylindrical then ovali-campanulate, at length plane, smooth, striate half-way up. Stem 4 cent. (il/2 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, filiform, hollow, attenuated upwards, at length smooth, with a small erect entire ring. Gills free, rather distant, narrow, black. Pileus minutely granulated under a lens, margin folded. Gills powdered with the black spores, the extreme margin white. Looks like a small annulate A. disseminatus. Extremely tender. On hotbeds and horse-dung. Rare. Feb.-Sept. Spores sphserical, apiculate, 8-9 mk. Q. Name — after J. Henderson. Berk. Out. p. 1 80. t. zOf.f. 8. C. Hbk. n. 470. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 433. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 329. Agaricus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 122. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 26. /. i. COPRINUS. 357 ** Lanatuli. P ileus with superficial separating fioccules, &>c. Coprinus. 21. C. lagopus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish, disc livid, very tender, cylindrical then campanulate, when young beau- tifully floccose then naked, flattened and split, radiato-sulcate. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very weak, very fragile, slightly attenuated at both ends, everywhere white-woolly. Gills at lengtli remote, linear, black. A) nemorum (described above), in moist shady places in woods. B) viarum, in open places among rubbish, approaching C. niveus, differing in the stem being 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, equally attenuated from the base, in the pileus when expanded being 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, at first everywhere white- floccose, opening into furrows, occasionally squamulose, livid. Gills free but scarcely remote. Both forms inodorous. On rich soil and dung. Rare. Aug. Gills very close, mostly in one series, with a marginal one occasionally in- serted forming a second series, sometimes in three series, the intermediate ones very irregular in length, W. G. S. Name — Xayws, a hare; irovs, afoot. Hare's-foot. From the woolly stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 465. Hym. Eur. p. 329. Berk. Out. p. 180. C. Hbk. u. 472. ,5". Jlfycol. Scot. n. 434. Saiind. & Sm. t. 19. 22. C. narcoticus Fr. — Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, white, conico-cylindrical, mllous with recurved floccose scales, then flattened, denuded, striate, hyaline. Stem almost 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, at first mllous, at length becoming smooth. Gills free, reaching the stem, white then blackish. Very tender. Of all the Hymenomycetes it has the strongest smell, narcotic- alkaline. On manure-heaps. Shrewsbury. Oct. Smell like that of Hygrophorus foetens, Phil. Spores 11x5 mk. W.P. Name — from its odour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 465. Hym. Eur. p. 329. Gre- villea, vol. viii. p. 97. Agaricus Batschf. 77. Pers. Myc. Enr. 3. t. 26. / 5. 23. C. macrocephalus Berk.— Pileus rather more than 12 mm. (l/2 in.) broad, apex brown shaded off into slate-colour on the margin, at first cylindrical, then cylindrico-campanulate, sprinkled with pointed scales. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, dirty white, clothed with short cottony down, and with longer, sometimes deflexed, loose fibres, strigose at the base. Gills linear, perfectly free, at length black. Scales adpressed or patent. Spores elliptic. On putrid dung. Rare. March, Sept. 358 AGARICINI. Coprinus. Name — jucucpo?, long ; Kea\r), head. Long-headed. Berk. Out. p. 180. C. Hbk. n. 471. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 435. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 329. Agaricus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 122. 24. C. nycthemerus Fr.— Pileus 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, grey, disc fuscous, at first cylindrico-conical, soon opening into furrows and flattened, 12 mm. (% in.) and more high, when young furfiir- aceo-flocculose, at length naked and forked-striate. Stem 4 cent. (i% in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, flaccid, equal, smooth, becoming pale-white. Gills free, at first crowded, at length remote, distant, narrow, linear, blackish. Very tender. Very much allied to C. ephemcrus. On dung. Rare. Name— wxOri^pov, a day and a night. From its duration. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 465. Hym. Eur. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 473. Bull. t. 542. f. D. (under A. ephemerus). 25. C. radiatus Fr.— Pileus 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) broad, dingy yellowish^ the darker disc rufescent, very thin, clavate then cam- panulate, soon opening into furrows, flattened, radiato-plicate, at first covered with cinereous down, soon naked. Stem scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i \i\.\filiform, hyaline, becoming smooth, when young often pruinate. Gills free, few, very distant when the pileus is split, pallid-blackish. The most tender of all, fugacious, withering up with a breath ; growing in troops. On horse-dung. Common. May-Nov. Often overlooked because withered up after sunrise. Spores ellipsoid- sphaeroid, 8-10x6-8 mk. K. ; 6-8 mk. VV.G.S. Name — radio, to shed beams. From the radiating folds on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 466. Hym. Eur. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. 11. 474. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 436. Agaricus Bolt. t. 39. /. C. Bit.ll. t. 542. L. and E—H. 26. C. Spraguei Berk. —Pileus campanulate then conical, tomentose, plicate. Stem fistulose, pale cinnamon. Gills few, narrow. Very delicate. The difference between it and C. plicatilis as regards the spores is very striking. In gardens. King's Cliffe. July. Spores narrow, subcymbiform, ^OT in. long, M.J.B. Name — after Charles J. Sprague. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 478. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 330. *** Furfurelli. Pileus micaceous or furfuraceons, &^c. 27. C. domesticus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuliginous, disc date-brown, thin, ovate then campanulate, furfuraceo-squam- COPRINUS. 359 ulose, then opening into furrows and flattened, undulato-sidcate, Coprinus. disc obtuse, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, attenuated upwards, adpressedly silky, becoming even, white. Gills adnexed, at first crowded, dis- tant when the pileus is split, linear, white then reddish, at length fuscous-blackish. A larger and more remarkable species than all the neighbouring ones. On damp carpets, in cellars, &c. Frequent. Name — donms, a house. Found in houses. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 466. Hym. Eur. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 475. 28. C. ephemeras Fr. — Pileus ovali-clavate, then soon campan- ulate, and on opening into furrows flattened, wholly in the form of a veil and radiato-sulcate, at the first slightly scurfy, then naked ; the elevated even disc rufescent. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, fistulose, equal, smooth, pellucid, whitish. Gills reaching the stem, remote 'without a collar, linear, at first whitish, then becoming fuscous, at length black. Very tender, fugacious. When examined under a lens the pileus is delicately scurfy. On dung. Common. May-Oct. Pileus 6-18 mm. (%-3/i in-) broad. Name— e^juepo?, lasting for a day. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 467. Hym. Eur. p. 331. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 476. S. My col. Scot. n. 437. Agaricus Fl. Dan. t. 832. f. 2. Bull. t. 128. 29. C. sociatus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (i}4 in.) broad, fuscous then becoming pale, disc date-brown, ovali-cylindrical then expanded, densely split into furrows, the raised ribs slightly scurfy, the even disc umbilicate in the centre. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, fistulose, delicately attenuated from the base to the apex, smooth, white, not pellucid. Gills adnexed in the form of a ring, not remote, little ventricose, attenuated behind, cinereous-black. Pileus very tender. Gills slowly deliquescing. There is a variety in which the gills reach the stem without a manifest collar. On damp soil. Cabalva, 1879. Oct. Name— socio, to associate. Growing in groups. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 468. Hym. Eur. p. 331. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. iif 30. C. plicatilis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous then bluish-grey-cinereous, disc darker, fuscous or rufescent, ovali- cylindrical then campanulate, soon expanded, opening into fur- rows, sulcato-plicate, for the most part smooth, disc broad, even, at length depressed. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, fistulose, thin, 360 AGARICINI. Coprinus. equal, even, smooth, pallid, somewhat pellucid. Gills remote from the stem and adnate to a collar which is formed from the dilated apex of the stem, distant, grey-blackish. Very tender and fragile, but when scorched by the sun not melting into fluid. Very variable in stature and size. Pastures, roadsides, &c. Common. April-Oct. Spores broadly elliptic, un1^ in. long, M.J.B. Name — plico, to fold. From the folds on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 468. Hym. Eur. p. 331. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 477. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 438. Agaricus Curt. Lond. t. 200. Sow. t. 364. Fl. Dan. t. 1134. A. striatus Bull. t. 552 partly. 31. C. cothurnatus Godey.— Pileus dirty-white, reddish-white, or flesh-colour, disc of the same colour, very thin, conico-campan- ulate, slightly expanded, densely furfuraceous, at length repand, umbonate and irregularly fissured. Stem 3-4 cent. (i#-i% in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, slender, attenuated up- wards, squamulose, white, sheathed at the base with white fibrillose squamules. Gills free, somewhat lanceolate, numerous, white then flesh-colour. The pileus does not split along the back of the gills owing to the thick furfuraceous coat. On cow-dung. Penzance. Name — cothurmis, a buskin. From the covering of the lower half of the stem. Godey in Gillet Champ, de France, p. 605. B. dr1 Br. n. 2015. 32. C. filiformis B. & Br.— Pileus not 2 mm. (i lin.) high, grey, shining with white mealy particles, cylindrical, striate. Stem 12 mm. (Yz in.) long, extremely fine, white, sprinkled with a few short delicate hairs. This minute species is not larger than Mticor caninus. On the ground in wood. Colleyweston, 1860. Sept. ilum, a thread ; forma, form. From the hair-like stem. B. & Br. n. 928. /. IS-/. 8. C. Hbk. n. 480. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 332. Hemerobii. Pileus always smooth, &c. 33. C. hemerobius Fr.— Pileus ovate then campanulate, not flattened and not opening into furrows, although split-sulcate, at the very first smooth; vertex even, date-brown, not depressed. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, very fragile, attenuated upwards, smooth, pallid. Gills linear, 2-3 mm. (1-1% lin.) broad, adnate with an obsolete collar, pallid then blackish. Its habit is that of C. plicatilis, but taller. Very tender. BOLBITIUS. In damp shady grassy places. Rare. Sept. Name— TNxepa. a day ; jSws, life. Living for a day. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 468. Hym. Eur. p. 332. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 479. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 439. Fl. Dan. t. 1960. /. 2. A. campanulatus Bolt. t. 31. Coprinus. GENUS IV.— Bolbitius (&6\&irov, cows' dung). Fr. Epicr. p. 253. Bolbitius. Hymenophore somewhat separate. Universal veil none, partial one in most rudimentary. Gills membranaceous, soft, becoming moist (but not melting away), at length pulverulent with the separ- ating spores. Spores ovate, even, somewhat ferruginous. Mucid, moist fungi, soon fading (and not reviving], yellowish. A small and very natural group, resembling the Coprini in the mode of growth, the Cortinarii in their fructification, and constituting there- fore a genus intermediate between these. To this genus is now referred A. hydrophilus, a species of doubtful affinity, and A. conocephalus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 333. Intermediate on the one hand be- tween Agaricus and Coprinus, and on the other between Coprinus and Cortinarius. The species grow on dung, or manured ground near roads and towns. Their bright colour is attractive. 1. B. hydrophilus Fr. — Pileus about 4 cent. (\yz in.) broad, date-brown when moist, tawny when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, bullate then convex and expanded ; when fresh moist, even, when dry wrinkled (the prominent disc however even), the bent-in mar- gin undulated ; flesh very thin, easily scissile, white when dry. Stems 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, some- what curved and often compressed, under a lens reticulated with fibrils, at first white then becoming ferruginous, obsoletely slightly mealy at the apex. Veil marginal, fringing, white, very fugaci- ous, often none. Gills adnate, ventricose, so that occasionally they appear almost free, crowded, watery, shedding drops^ date- broiun-fnscous. XXXIX. Bolbitius fragilis. One-half natural size. 362 AGARICINI. Bolbitius. The pilei are commonly very irregularly shaped from mutual pressure. Very caespitose, very fragile. Spores ferruginous. In woods and on sawdust. Frequent. July-Oct. Name — ifSwp, water ; <£i'Aos, loving. Moisture-loving, watery. Fr, Hym. Eur. p. 333. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 440. Agaricus hydrophilus Bull. t. 511. Fr. Mouogr. i. p. 427. B. & Br. n. 1126. C. Hbk. n. 413. Saund. & Sm. t. 24. A. stipatus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 113, partly. 2. B. Boltonii Fr. — Pileus yellow becoming pale, slightly fleshy, at first conical, viscous, at first even, then with -the mem- branaceous margin sulcate, the darker disc somewhat depressed. Stem attenuated, becoming yellow, at the first flocculose with the fugacious cortina. Gills somewhat adnate, light yellow then be- coming livid-fuscous. Spores brown-fuscous. Pileus at length withering and becoming like paper. Distinct from B. fragilis in the cortina being manifest when young, in the darker disc of the pileus being depressed, and in the gills being somewhat ad- nate and light-yellow-livid then becoming fuscous. On dung. Uncommon. May-Sept. Spores subsphaeroid-ellipsoid, 14x8 mk. K; 7x5 mk. W.P. Name — after Bolton. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 333. Monogr. i. p. 471. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 481. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 441. Agaricus Bolt. t. 149. 3. B. fragilis Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, light yellow, then becoming pale, somewhat membranaceous, almost pellucid, conical then expanded, somewhat umbonate, smooth, viscous, striate round the margin (which is often crenulated). Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or little more thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, naked, smooth (and without a manifest veil), yellow. Gills attenuato-adnexed, almost free, ventricose, yellow then pale cinnamon. Spores ferruginous. Thinner than B. Boltonii, £c., very fragile, rapidly withering. On dung. Common. June-Sept. Spores subsphseroid-ellipsoid, 14-15x8-9 mk. K. Name— fragilis, fragile. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 471. Hym. Eur. p. 334. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 482. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 442. Hoffm. Ic. t. 21. f. 2. A. equestris Bolt. t. 65. Sow. t. 96. 4. B. titubans Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, mem- branaceous, ovato-campanulate when young, even, then flattened and split, diaphanous, slightly viscid, the evened disc light yellow, the paler margin plicate or rufescent-striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, even, shining, yellowish. Veil none. Gills adnexed, dis- BOLBITIUS. 363 tant when the pileus is split, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, alternate, at first Bolbitius. purplish, then fuscous-flesh-colour. Very tender and fragile, smooth, tremulous-wavering, soon wasting away. Among grass in rich manured soil, &c. Common. May-Oct. Pileus yellow, but soon presenting the salmon-tint of the gills, M.J.B. Spores 8 x 4 mk. W.G.S. Name — titubans, shaking. Wavering-tremulous. /•>. Monogr. i. p. 471. Hym. Eur. p. 334. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 483. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 443. Agaricus Bull. t. 425. Sow. t. 128. 5. B. apicalis Smith.— Pileus 18 mm. (% in.) high, brown, disc ochraceous, membranaceous, striate from the first then plicate, liable to split, disc somewhat fleshy, obscurely umbonate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, hollow, striate, white, minutely pruin- ose under a lens. Gills somewhat broad, ventricose, free, at first pressed to the stem, brown. The difference in colour between the two parts of the pileus is denned by a distinct line. In pastures. Staplehurst. Early summer. Spores 9x6 mk. W. G.S. Name — fro"i the singularly defined apex. Smith in C. Hbk. n. 484. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 334. 6. B. tener Berk. — Pileus white, moist, conical, elongated. Stem white, bulbous at the base. Gills attenuated behind, near- ly free, salmon-coloured. Very delicate. At first looking like a dry specimen of A. tener. On lawn and rich ground. Uncommon. Sept. Su-m as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) long, not distinctly bulbous. Pileus, in specimens I have seen, flesh-colour then whitish, Fr. Spores 12 x 5 mk. W.P. Name— tener, tender. Berk. Out. p. 183. /. 12. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 485. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 444. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 335. Icon. t. 130. f. 4. Bolb. albipes Fr. Moitogr. ii. p. 306. 7. B. rivulosus B. & Br.— Pileus about 4 cent. (\yz in.) broad, tan-colour, campanulate, rivulose. Stem attenuated upwards. Gills narrow, cinnamon. \\-ry different from any other known species. On earth in an orchard house. Chiswick, 1876. July. Name — rivula, a small stream. From the rivulose pileus. B. & Br. 11. 1773. INDEX. PAGE AGABICUS Linn. — continued. TA< i !•: AGARICUS Linn. 2 amianthinus Scop. . . 24 abiegnus B. & Er. . . 158 amictus Fr . 138 abhorrens B. & Br. . 159 amnioniacus Fr 135 abstrusus Fr. . . 279 ammophilus Dur. & Mont. . . 327 acerbus Bull . 60 anguineus Fr. . 277 aceriftus Fr . 173 angustissimus Lasch . 93 acerosus Fr . 177 annularius Bull. . . 32 acervatus Fr . 110 antipus Lasch . 292 acicula Schce/. . 141 apicreus Fr . 272 acicularis Hoffm. . . 150 appendieulatus Bull. . . 323 acuminatus Fr. . 342 applanatus Pers. . . 301 acutesquamosus Weinm. . 16 applicatus Batsch . . 181 adiposus Fr . 232 aquosus Bull. . 112 (ulnatus Schum. 10 aratus Berk . 344 adnatus Smith . 12 arcuatus Bull. . 59 Adonis Bull . 126 ardosiacus Bull. . 195 adpressus Brig. . 287 areolatus Kl . 325 tegerita Fr . 228 argillaceus Pers. . 252 ;eruginosus Curt. . . 309 argyraceus 'Bull. . 47 sethiops Fr . 208 argyrospermus Bull. . 48 .elites Fr . 137 aridity Pers . 287 ttflinis Pers 252 ^4 rrhetiH Fr. 225 a/ricatus Fr . 155 arundinaceus Bull. ! 107 aggregatus Schce/. . agrarius Fr. . . 79 326 arvalis Seer cirvalis Letell. . . . 283 284 albellus Fr . 56 arvensis Schceff. . 305 albellus Schseff. . 203 asper Fr. .... 9 albellus Sow 57 asprellus Fr . 211 albobrunneus Pers. . 40 asterosporus Quel. . . 248 albocrenatus Jungh. . 251 astragal inus Fr. . 269 albo-cyaneus Desm. . 310 atomatus Fr . 346 albo-cyaneus Saund. & Sm. . . 313 atratus Fr . 116 albus Bull 227 atrica'pillus Batsch 188 albus Schceff. .... . 59 atrides Lasch .... .' ,219 aleuriatus Fr. . 290 atro-albus Bolt. . 132 algidus Fr . 180 atro-cseruleus Fr. . . 179 alkalinus Fr . 134 atro-cinereus Pers. . 49 id-new Schself. . 179 atro-cyaneus Batsch . 133 alnicola Fr . 270 atro-punctus Pers. . . 219 alutaceus Batsch . . 203 atro-rnfus Bolt. . 293 alveolus Lasch . 300 atro-rufus Schce/. . . 328 amarella Pers. . 73 atro-squamosus Chev. . . 47 amarus Bull . 270 aulacinus Fr . 336 amarus Fr . 72 aurantio-inarginatus Fr. . 123 ambustus Fr . 117 aureus Mattusch. 222 ameides B. & Br. . . 195 aureus Schreff. . 35 atnethystinus Bolt. . 96 fnt.rp.ii.s Sow 232 aniethystinus Scop. 57 auricomus Batsch . . 249 INDEX. 365 AOARICUS Linn. — continued, aurivellus Batsch . i/i/i irellus Fl. Bor. . PA.-K . 229 . 229 . 102 AGARICUS Linn.— continued. carptus Scop cartilaginous Bull. . cascus Fr PAOK . 244 . 48 321 autochthonus B. & Br. . Babingtonii Blox. . Badhami B. & Br. . . 299 . 213 . 17 . 282 catinus Fr caudatus Fr caulicinalis Bull. . Cecilia; B & Br . 87 . 345 . 103 12 badipus Pers hadius Schajff. balaninus Berk. Batschianus Yr. Belli* Johnst. bellus Pers bifrons Berk . 283 . 11 . 121 . 194 . 163 . 95 . 334 18 centunculus Fr. cepa;stipes Sow. . cerinus Pers cernuus Fl. Dan. . cerodes Fr cerussatus Fr. cervinus Schce/. . -278 . 22 . 54 . 330 . 280 75 . 187 209 Nandiis Berk. Bloxami Berk. bombycinus Sclw/. Bongardii Weinm. . brevipes Bull. Broadwoodise B. & Br. . brumalis Fr lirunneo-villosus Jungli. . buccinalis Sow. Bucknalli B. & Br. 66 . 194 . 183 . 244 . 65 . 24 91 . 245 . 165 . 25 53 chelidonius Fr. chimonophilus B. & Br. chioneus Pers. chloropolius Fr. chloroticus Jungh. . chondrodermus B. & Br. cli /'/isoleucus Pers. . chrysophseus Sclupff. chrysophyllus Fr. . cidaris Fr cilidrit Bolt . 143 . 303 . 182 . 211 . 131 . 326 . 158 . 190 . 153 . 276 338 liulbigenus B & Br 201 cincinnatus Fr . 241 bulbiger A. & S. Imlbosus Bull. Imlbosus Pall . 28 5 . 100 327 cinctulus Bolt, cinerascens Bull. . cinerea Krombh. . 342 . 62 9 50 bullula Brig butyraceus Bull. . byssisedus Pers, cselatus Fr ca;sariatus Fr. csespitosus Bolt. calaniistratus Fr. . caliginosus Jungh. . 164 . 101 . 221 . 55 . 250 . 156 . 2:59 . :!41 302 cinereus Bull cinnabarinus A. & S. circinatus Fr. circinatus Schum. . cirrhatus Schum. . citrina Pers citrinellus Pers. citrino-albus Vitt. . . 353 . 23 . 171 8 . 105 4 . 146 5 61 campanella Batsch . . 160 361 Clarkii B. & Br. . . 251 . 257 campanulatus Bull, campauulatus Linn, campanulatus Schseff. campestris Linn. . . 292 . 340 . 294 . 306 161 clavicularis Fr. clavipes Pers clavus Batsch .... clavus Bolt . 145 . 70 . 257 . 141 . 110 canaliculate Schum. . cancrinus Fr. candicans Pers. i-nnilicans Scha^ff. . Candolleanus Fr. . caperatus Pers. capillaris Fl Dan . 70 . 204 . 77 . 226 . 322 . 223 139 clavus Linn clivensis B. & Br. . clivulorum Letell. . clusilis Fr clypeatus Linn. clypeolarius Bull. . . 113 . 331 . 325 . 119 . 198 . 19 . 124 capillaris Schum. . . 150 228 coelestinus Fr. . 217 . 128 . 262 collariatus Fr. . 140 capnoides Fr. caput-MedusHP- Fr. . . 317 . 314 340 collinus Larbr. collinus Scop . 125 . 106 38 . 268 coluinbetta Fr 44 carcharias J'n-s. carneo-albus With. carneo-griseus B. & Br. . carneoliis Fr carneus Bull . 22 . 205 . 218 . 55 55 columbinus Bull. . columbinus Sow. comatus Fl. Dan. . comosus Fr. .... compctctus Sow . 209 . 209 . 349 . 228 . 40 fin-nouns Sow. carpophilus Fr. . 100 . 289 comptulus B. & Br. comptus Fr . 329 . 329 366 INDEX. AGARICUS Linn, — continued. PAGE 308 AGARICUS Linn. — continued, dissimulans B. £ Br. PAGE . 234 312 concavus Scop. confertus Bolt. confluens Pers. . 90 . 293 . 104 234 distortus Fr. . ditopus.Fr. . domesticus Bolt. . 100 . 92 . 351 166 congregatus Sow. . . 354 105 dryophilus Bull. dulcamaras A. & S. dulcamarus Pers. . duracinus Cke. . Ill . 240 . 251 . 63 . 225 conissans Fr conopileus Fr. conspersus Pers. . eonstrictus Fr. Cookei Fr coprophilus Bull. . coracinus Fr corrugis Pers corticalis Bull, corticatus Fr. corticatus Saund. & Sm. corticola Schum. costatus Fr craspedius Fr. . 271 . 332 . 288 . 31 . 234 . 327 . 115 . 333 . 149 . 166 . 173 . 149 . 199 . 169 50 echinatus Rotli. echinatus Sow. ectypus FT . 308 . 179 94 edulis Krombh. egenulus 11. £ Br. . elseodes Fr. . elattis Batsch . elections Buck. elegans Pers. . elixus Soiv. Elvensis B. & Br. . embolns Fr. . empyreumaticus B. £ Br. epibryus Fr. . epigceus Pers. . epipterygius Scop. . epixantlms Fr. epixylon Bull. equestris Bolt, equestris Linn. erebius Fr. ericseus Pers. . ericetorum Bull. . ericetorum Pers. erinaceus Fr . 306 . 323 . 318 . 260 . 148 . 123 . 80 . 304 . 299 . 345 . 303 . 221 . 144 . 318 . 181 . 362 . 35 . L"24 . 325 . 88 . 157 287 cmssipes Schseff. crenatus Lasch cretaceus Bull, cretaceus Fr cretatus B. & Br. . cristatus A. & S. . cristatus Harz. crobulus Fr crocatus Schrad. . croceus Bolt. .... cruentus Fr crustiliniformis Bull. cryptarum LetelL . cucumis Pers. cuneifolius Fr. cupularis Bull. Curreyi Berk curvipes Fr cyanophseus Fr. cyathifonnis Fr. . cylindricus Sow. . cynotis Pers cyphellseformis Berk. dealbatus Sow. debilis Fr decastes Fr decipiens Smith deglubens Fr. ... delicatus Fr . 100 . 346 . 22 . 306 . 205 . 20 . 23 . 299 . 143 24 . 142 . 260 81 . 277 . 50 . 297 . 247 . 233 72 . 88 . 349 . 180 . 180 78 . 139 . 79 . 265 . 245 . 27 157 ermineus Fr. . escharoides Fr. esculentus Wulf. . euchrous Pers. euosmus Berk. eutheles B. & Br. . excelsus Fr. . excisus Lasch . excissus Fr . 20 . 288 . 109 . 209 . 172 . 248 6 . 129 66 excoriatus Schce/. . eximius Smith expallens Pers. exqumtus Vitt. exsculptus Fr. extuberans Batt. extuberans Fr. furiiiaceus Huds. . fascicularis Huds. . fastibilis Fr. . fastigiatus Schceff. . fertilis Berk. . ' . fibrillosus Pers 15 . 188 . 89 . 306 . 112 . 112 . 112 . 96 . > . 318 . 255 . 246 . 196 385 (lenigratus Fr. denticulatus Bolt. . depluens Batsch . 225 . 121 . 221 249 destrictus Fr. diatretus Fr differ mis Schum. . dimidiatus Bull. dimidiatus Schseff. directus B. & Br. . . 249 . 92 . 76 . 172 . 167 . 163 148 fibrosus Sow. . fibula Bull. . filiceus CA*. . filopes Bull. . iinibriatus Bolt, fimetarius Bolt, fimicola Fr. . . fimiputris Bull. . firmus Pers. . flaccidus Sow. . 246 . 163 . 275 . 138 . 169 . 349 . 342 . 339 . 257 . 86 dispersus B. & Br. dispersus Fr dispersus Pers. disseminatus Pers. dissiliens Fr . 287 . 319 . 287 . 346 . 133 INDEX. 367 AOARICUS Linn.— continued. flammans Fr ttavidus S<-lt. virosus Vitt vitilis Fr .... 4 3 5 4 . 139 137 radians Fr radiatus Fr similis B. cfr Br. . sociatus Fr Spraguei Berk. . 355 . :;58 . 352 . 35!) . 358 349 Vittadinii Fr. vittseformis Fr. volvaceus Bull. volvaceus minor Bull. . 20 . 294 . 183 . 186 353 MONTAGNITES, . . 347 THE END. 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