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‘ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
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_ AMERICAN INSECT GALLS |

—

i — - MILLETT TAYLOR THOMPSON, Ph.D.

_ PUBLISHED AND DISTRIBUTED
BY

RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL TRUST COMPANY, Executor

IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS

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‘ OF THE WILL OF

S. MILLETT THOMPSON

EDITED BY E. P. FELT ~

NASSAU, RENSSELAER CO., N. Y.
1915

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PREFACE

Miuterr Taytor Tuomeson, Assistant Professor of Biology in the Collegiate Department of
Clark University, was born at Providence, R. I., August 27, 1875, and died at Wesley Hospital,
Chicago, Ill., August 7, 1907. He was graduated from Brown University with A. B. in 1898, was
awarded A. M. in 1899 and Ph. D. in 1902. He was an instructor in that institution from 1898
to 1900 and spent nearly a year in research work at the American Museum of Natural History.
He was elected Honorary Fellow in Biology at Clark University in 1902 and was immediately
appointed Instructor in Biology in the Collegiate Department, being promoted to Assistant
Professor in 1906. “Dr. Thompson was elected to Sigma Xi in 1900 and to membership in the
American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Boston Society of Natural History
in 1902. . )

Dr. Thompson, during his connection with Clark University, mounted a beautiful set of Atlantic
Coast Crustacea, restoring the colors by hand painting, and in collaboration with his friend,
Dr. Harvey N. Davis, Brown, ’01, made a large collection of New England Insecta known as the
Thompson-Davis Entomological Collection and deposited with Clark University. Other lines
of activity are indicated by the following list of published papers:

The Breeding Habits of Animals at Woods Hole during the Month of September, 1898. Science,
N.S., Vol. ix (1899), pp. 581-583.

A New Isopod Parasite on the Hermit Crab. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory
of the United States Fish Commission, Washington, 1901, pp. 53-56, plates 9 and 10.

A Rare Thalassinid and Its Larva. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,
Vol. 31 (1903), pp. 1-21, plates 1-3.

The Metamorphoses of the Hermit Crab. (Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at
Brown University.) Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 31 (1903), pp.
147-209, plates 4-10.

Alimentary Canal of the Mosquito. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,
Vol. 32 (1905), pp. 145-202, plates 12-17.

Immature Specimens of Penella Filosa. Biological Bulletin, Vol. viii (1905), pp. 296-307.

Three Galls Made by Cyclorrhaphous Flies. Psyche, Vol. 14 (1907), pp. 71-74, figures 1-3.

Dr. Thompson’s largest work was a comprehensive study of the galls and gall makers of Amer-

- iea. Unfortunately only a portion of this investigation was completed at the time of his death.

1Most of this list is from Clark College Record, Vol. 2, No. 4, page 92, 1907.

4 PREFACE

The first part, a catalogue of the gall-making Cynipide, is published practically as he left it. The
second part, a supplemental catalogue of gall-producing organisms, was assembled from the orig-
inal notes by Dr. Thompson’s father, the late S. Millett Thompson, who is also responsible for
the selection and grouping of the illustrations on the plates. The work as planned by Dr. Thomp-
son was to be a catalogue and handbook; that relating to the New England forms being based
largely upon original studies. The editor has confined himself to the elimination of a few obvious
errors and has endeavored to reproduce the work substantially as projected by its author. Ref-
erences to plates have been inserted throughout the text, descriptions of the plates written and
and the correct synonymy indicated wherever it seemed advisable or necessary. The original
names used in the manuscript have been allowed to remain and where more recent terms are
supplied or determinations made. by the editor, such matter invariably appears in smaller

(8 point) type. Dr. Thompson’s collection of galls is deposited with Clark University.

CATALOGUE OF GALL-MAKING CYNIPIDA OF NORTH AMERICA

Part I. CLASSIFICATION BY GALLS

GALLS ON OAKS (Quercus)

I. Gaus on THE Roots:

Belenocnema treate Mayr. ’81, p. 17, 2, Q. virens, Fla.
Polythalamous, clustered, fleshy.
=Dryorhizoxenos floridanus Ash. ’81, p. XXV-XXVI, #9, Q. virens, Fla.
Callirhytis radicis Bass. '89b, p. 237-238, @, Q. alba, Conn.
Spring. Blister-like swellings of the bark.
Trigonaspis radicis Ash. ’97, p. 113-114, 7 Q, Utah.
Rounded; fleshy, clustered.
Dryophanta radicola Ash. ’97, p. 116, 2, serub-oak, Mo.: Cook ’04, Q. alba, Ind.
May 21. Gall lost and not described.
Andricus apicalis Ash. ’97, p. 120, 2, Q. wislicent, Cal.
Globular.
Callirhytis rhizoxenos Ash. ’97, p. 132, 2, Q. virens, Ariz.
June-July. Fleshy, polythalamous, irregular in shape.

‘
Il. GaLis or THE BRANCHES AND TWIGS:

1. No visible gall or only slight swelling—

Andricus cryptus Ash. ’87b, p. 145, ?, Q. catesbaei, Fla.
May. Cells concealed under the bark.
Callirhytis ceropteroides Bass. ’00, p. 324, 2, Q. tinctoria, Conn.
Cells in old wood at base of new growth.
Neuroterus virgeus Gill. 93, p. 166-167, °, Colo.
May 8-13. Slight swelling.
Neuroterus catesbaei Ash. ’81, p. XV-XVI (Cynips), Q. catesbaez, © ° , Fla.
April 28. Slight wavy swelling at base of new shoots.

2. The twig is dwarfed, but not specially modified—
Neuroterus distortus Bass. ’00, p. 336, 7 2, Q. bicolor, Conn.
Cells numerous, plate 1, 178.
Neuroterus tectus Bass. ’00, p. 331-332, 7 2, Q. prinoides, Conn.
May-June (see page 13). Slight basal swelling, or simple shortening due to larval
cells.

3. The twig is dwarfed, distorted and forms a short ovoid mass—polythalamous—

Callirhytis (Cynips) scitula Bass. ’64, p. 683-684, 7 2, Q. tinctoria, Conn.: Beach, Q. rubra, Iowa:
Gill. ’89, Q. rubra, Iowa, Mich.; Q. tinctoria, Mass.
New growth in spring, plate 1, 192.

6 CYNIPIDAE

Callirhytis tuberosa Bass. ’00, p. 311, 7 2, Q. iveifolia (?), Conn.; Q. ilicifolia, Mass.: Bass. 07,
Q. imbricaria, Ohio.
Similar to last, but smaller.

4. The twig is swollen, dwarfed or distorted into a more or less club-shaped, wolynele.
mous gall: a club-gall—

Neuroterus batatus Fitch 5 Rept., p. 810 (Cynips), 2, Q. alba, N. Y., plate 1, 76: Bass. ’64, p.
684, 7 2, Q. alba, Conn.;=(?) Cynips tuber. Fitch, p. 806, 2 (=Ceroptres); =O.5.,
p. 61 (see O. 8. 65, p. 353-354): Beut. Cat. ’04, Q. alba N. Y.: Bass. 17, Q. bicolor:
Bass. 773, Q. bicolor; Q. alba, Q. palustris, Mass.
Old wood. May. Spring, June.
Neuroterus consimilis Bass. ’00, p. 335, & 2, Q. alba, Conn.
Mid-summer. Like tuber.
Andricus (?) floridanus Ash. ’87b, p. 137, 7 2, Q. parvifolia, Fla.
Suggests brown fungus near ground.
Neuroterus noxiosus Bass. ’81, p. 108-109 (Cynips), 79°, @. bicolor, Conn.: Beut. Cat. Q. bicolor,
ING Yeo Beuts 204, Q. platanoides, N. Y.: Gill. ’89, Q. bicolor, Mich.: Q. alba, Q.
palustris, Mass., R. I.
Old wood. Brood spring, plate 4,118. Autumnal variety only; may not be at end
of twig, but surround it (see p. 18).
*Dryophanta longicornis Bass. ’00, p. 327, 0 9, Q. obtusiloba; Conn.
Moderate enlargements. (May not be from the gall described.)

5. A swelling surrounding a twig, especially at the base of lateral shoots, often large,
abrupt and woody: potato-galls—

(A) Not woody or but little wood-fibre surrounding the larval cells.

Loxaulus mammula Bass. ’81, p. 76-78 (Cynips), & 2, Q. alba, Conn.
July. Cells under bark at base of twigs. @Q. alba, Mass.
Callirhytis ruginosus Bass. ’90, p. 76, 2, Q. virens (?), N: Mex. (suttonit).
Surrounding substance hard knob, cellular, not woody.
Callirhytis seminosus Bass. ’90, p. 76-77, 2, Q. castanea (?), Ohio.
Cells very numerous.

(B) Woody fibre abundant.

Callirhytis punctatus Bass. ’63, p. 323-324 (Cynips), 2, Q. rubra, Conn.; =Cynips q. podagre;
Walsh ’64, p. 491-492, Q. tinctoria, Ill.: Gill. ’89, Q. rubra, Mich.: Harvard Coll.,
Red and Black oaks, Mass., Conn., N. Y.; Q. marylandica, N. Y.: Beut. Cat. Q.
nigra, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Q. ilicifolia; Beut. 04, Q. marylandica, Q. coccinea, Q.
rubra, N.Y.; Q. rubra, Q. nigra, Mass.
April. Abrupt woody swelling, plate 1, 72.
*Andricus batatoides Ash. ’81, p. X—XI (Cynips), 2, Q. virens, Fla.; =O. 8. ’62, p. 259, D. C.
Abrupt swelling.
Andricus coxii Bass. ’81, p. 112-113 (Cynips), 2, Quercus sp., Ariz.; Bass. 00, p. 320, @.
Hard swelling.
Compsodryoxenos maculipennis Ash. ’97, p. 129, ©, Q. virens, Ariz.
May 9-19. Like A cozii.
Andricus frequens Gill. 92, p. 247-248, 9, Q. undulata, Col.
May 10. Dense, corky enlargements.
Andricus medullz Ash. ’85, p. VIII (Cynips), 2, Q. cinerea, Fla.
Gradual enlargement of twig.

~]

AMBRICAN InsEcT GALLS: THOMPSON

Cynips chrysolepidicola Ash. ’97, p. 124, 2, Q. chrysolepis, Cal.
Jan., Feb. Swelling surrounding twig. Like medulle.
*Neuroterus longipennis Ash. ’87b, p. 140, °, Q. laurifolia, Fla.
: May. Oblong irregular swelling surrounding base of twig.
Andricus wheeleri Beut. ’07, p. 464, pl. 37, fig. 7-9, 2, ?, Ariz.
Resembles medulla. |

(C) Larval cells each surrounded by a tube of cellular tissue, differentiated from
the general substance of the gall. These tubes may project from the surface in the
matured gall.

(a) Tubes never project.

Callirhytis suttonii Bass. ’81, p. 54-56 (Cynips), 2, Cal.
The bark always covers the tubes.

(b) The tubes project like horns or spines.

Callirhytis cornigera O. S. ’62, p. 251-253 (Cynips), Q. palustris, plate 1, 316, DmCz OF Sa Go,
p. 358, @: Packard Q. imbricaria, Mo.; Q. palustris, N. J.: Bass. 64, Q. ilicifolia,
Conn.: Beut. Q. palustris, Q. ilicifolia, Q. nigra, N. Y.: Gill. ’89, Q. rubra, Mich.:
0.8. ’61, p. 53, Pin oak; Q. nzgra, Mass.
Gall forms in May.
Andricus clavigerus Ash. ’81, p. XXVI-XXVII (Cynips), 2, Q. laurifolia, Fla.
May 3. Tubes secrete a honey-like liquid.

6. Polythalamous woody swelling at base of twig: excentrie on twig—(grade to last
group)—

Callirhytis aquatice Ash. ’87b, p. 144, °, Q. aquatica, Fla.
Spring.

Andricus davisi Beut. ’07, p. 463-464, pl. 37, fig. 1-6, 7°, Q. nana, N. J.
Summer, spring. Coalesce.

7. Pustular elevations of the bark, often enlarging the twig—

Neuroterus rileyi Bass. ’81b, p. 149-150 (Cynips), 2, Q. castanea, Conn. Late May. Riley
80, Q. castanea, Ohio: Cook ’05, Q. prinus, Ind.: Packard Q. castanea, Ohio, Mo.;
Q. prinoides, Mass.
Gall forms in May (confluent), plate 3, 173.

8. Monothalamous terminal enlargements or club-galls of twigs—

Callirhytis clavula O. S. 65, p. 351, proposed name for—: Bass. ’64, p. 685-687, 92, “Cynips
tuber” Fitch, Conn.; =O. 8. ’61, p. 70-71, No. 25; =(?) O.S. Cynips phellos; 0.8.
61, p. 70, 9, Q. phellos, D.C., 9. Late June; = (2) Cynips arbos Fitch, 5 Rept., p.
809-810, 9° Q. alba, N. Y., =Ceroptres: Gill ’89, Q. alba. Iowa, Mich.: Beut. Cat.
04, Q. alba, N. Y.: Cook ’05, Q. alba, Ind.: Packard Q. alba, Pa., Mo.; Q. alba, Mass.,
TRo le
Terminal club, plate 3, 142.
Andricus howertoni Bass. 790, p. 82-83, 9, N. Mex.
Terminal club.
Callirhytis similis Bass. 64, p. 685. (Cynips), 79, Q. ilicifolia, Conn.: Harvard Coll., N. Y.:
Beut. Cat., Q. nana, Q. ilicifolia, N. J.; Q. ilicifolia, Q. stellata, Mass., R. I.
Terminal or not terminal, plate 3, 45.

8 CYNIPIDAE

III. GALLS ATTACHED TO BRANCHES AND Twias:

1. Bullet-galls: 7. e., woody galls attached to the twigs, clustered or solitary—

(A) Polythalamous.

Andricus californicus Bass. ’81, p. 51-53 (Cynips), 2°, Cal. White-oak.
Cal., Oct. Subglobular, sessile.
Andricus pomiformis Bass. ’81, p. 74-75 (Cynips), 2, Q. agrifolia.
Cal., Mar. 1. Globular.
Dryophanta pumiliventris Bass. 90, p. 69-70, @. Ovoid, axillary.
*Andricus maxwelli Bass. ’90, p. 83-84, 12, Tex. Apr.
Locus uncertain; may belong in II, 6. Probably twig gall.
*Andricus murtfeldte Ash. ’97, p. 117, @, Mo.?
Position on plant not stated. Irregular, pithy, spiny.
*Andricus congregatus Ash. ’97, p. 120-121, 2, Q. chrysolepis and Q. agrifolia.
Cal. Pedunculate on twigs, 2 x 4 em.
Andricus spongiola Gill. 94, p. 235-236, 2, Q. garryana, Wash.
Nov. Clustered, globular, brittle, 2-5 cm.
Holcaspis truckeensis Ash. ’97, p. 127, 9, Q. chrysolepis var. vaccinifolia, Cal. In slit on twig.

(B) Small, monothalamous, galls without a distinct central larval cell.

(a) Situated in fissures in the twigs.

Andricus difficilis Ash. 97, p. 143, 2, Q. cinerea, Fla.
Aug., Sept. Rugose in belts, 1-10 in., globular, clustered.
Andricus excavatus Ash. ’97, p. 121, 2, Q. rubra, N. C., N. E.
Old wood. June 6. 5-6 mm. Fall to ground.
Andricus imbricariz Ash. ’97, p. 122-123, 9, Q. ilicifolia, Q. imbricaria, Mo.
Sept., Oct. Hard, clustered.

(b) Not inserted in fissures of the twigs.

Andricus gemmarius Ash. ’85, p. VIII-IX (Cynips), 2, Q. cinerea, Fla.
Spring of year before. Feb., Mar. Oblong, seed-like, 1-10 in. long.
Trisolenia saltatus Ash. ’87b, p. 142 (Andricus), 9, Q. coccinea, Fla.
Mar. Late fall. Ovoid, axillary, ribbed, 5 mm. long.
Cynips washingtonensis Gill. 94, p. 235, 9, Q. garryana, Wash.
Ovoid, monothalamous, on twigs; attached by point.
Andricus indistinctus Bass. 90, p. 81-82, 2, Q. alba, Ohio.
Thin-walled bullet gall, round, 3-16 in.

(C) Typical bullet galls of pithy or woody substance with a central cell in which the
larva lives. This may be closely attached to the substance of the gall, or fill in a
larger or smaller cavity within the gall.

(a) Globular or sub-globular in shape.

Holcaspis globulus Fitch. 5. Rept., p. 810-811, fig. (Callaspidia), Q. alba, N. Y.: Bass. ’63, p. 328»
2, Q. alba and Q. montana, Conn.: O. S. ’61, p. 67-69, Q. obtusiloba, Q. alba, Q.
prinus (?): Gill ’89, Q. alba, Oct., Mich.: Patton ’92, Q. pedunculata, Conn.: Cook
05, p. 835, Q. alba, Ind.: Walsh ’64, p. 639, Q. alba, Q. macrocarpa, Q. montana, IIl.:
Beut. Cat., Q. alba, Q. obtusiloba, Q. prinus, N, Y.: Packard, p. 113, Mo.; Q. alba,
Q. stellata, Q. bicolor, Mass., R. I.

Globular, smooth, axillary, plate 3, 7.

AMERICAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON 9

Holcaspis omnivora Ash. ’85, p. VI-VII (Cynips), 2, Q. virens, Q. cinerea, Q. catesbet.
Fla. Axillary, globular.
Callirhytis agrifolie Bass. ’81, p. 53-54 (Cynips), 9, Q. agrifolia, Cal.
Dec. 3-4 in., globular.
Andricus pacificus Ash. ’97, p. 118, 2, Q. chrysolepis, Cal.
6-16 mm., pithy, globular.
Andricus cinerosus Bass. ’81, p. 110-111 (Cynips), 2, Tex.
3-4 in., globular. ,
*Amphibolips fuliginosa Ash. ’85, p. VII, VIII (Cynips), 2°, Q. laurifolia, Fla.
3-4 in.; brown, corky. May be a leaf-gall.
Holcaspis fasciata Bass. ’00, p. 328-329, 2, Q. ilicifolia, Conn.; Q. ilicifolia, Mass., Q. clicifolia
and Q. rubra, R. L.
Bark broken at base of gall (filbert shape), plate 1, 145.
Holcaspis rugosa Bass. ’81, p. 100-101 (Cynips), 2, Q. ilicifolia, Conn., late fall: Gill. ’89, Q.
prinus, Mich.: Ash. ’87, Q. prinus and Q. bicolor, Fla.: Q. ilicifolia, Mass.
Gall forms Aug. 2 Oct. Rugose, sessile, plate 1, 279.
H. globulus Fitch.

Holcaspis colorado Gill. 93, p. 210, 2, Colo. Rugose.
Holcaspis rubens Gill. 93, p. 29-30, 2, Colo., Oct. 20.
10-14 mm. May be rugose.
Holcaspis corallinus Bass. ’90, p. 66, 2, Cal.
3-4 in., globular with horn-like processes.
Holcaspis persimilis Ash. ’97, p. 126-127, 2, Q. nigra, Nov. 10.
7mm.,rugose. Holcaspis type.
Holcaspis succinipes Ash. ’81, p. XI—XII (Cynips), 2, Q. virens, Fla.
1-10 in., clustered; globular; not axillary.
Andricus wisliceni Ash. 797, p. 119, 9, Q. wisliceni, Cal.
Oct. 3-4 mm., globular.
*Andricus chrysolepidis Ash. ’97, p. 119-120, 2, Q. chrysolepis, Cal.
Jan. 5-8 mm., ovate. Gall confused with Compsodryoxenus brunneus.
*(?)Cynips mellaria Riley Amer. Ent. 3, p. 298, Q. undulata, Colo.
Secretes honey, crimson. Pea-shaped.
Holcaspis perniciosa Bass,
(b) Form more ovoid, with a point at apex.
Holcaspis duricoria Bass. 90, p. 64-65, 2, Q. bicolor, Conn., Oct.—Nov.; = (?)Cynips g. mamma
Walsh ’69, p. 102, 2, Q. macrocarpa, Il.: Gill. ’89, Q. bicolor, Q. macrocarpa, Mich.,
Oct.: Beut. Cat., Q. bicolor, N. Y.: Beut. ’04, Q. platanoides, N. Y.: Harvard Coll.,
Q. prinus, Ohio, Conn., D. C.; Q. coccinea, Q. palustris, Mass., Q. sp., R. I.
Shape of haxel-nut, not axillary, plate 1, 59.
H. mamma Walsh.

Holcaspis perniciosa Bass. 90, p. 68, 2, Utah, 5-8 mm., ovoid.

Holcaspis sileri Bass. ’90, p. 67-68, 2, Utah. Pointed, ovate, sessile.

Holcaspis canescens Bass. ’90, p. 66-67, 2, Cal. Small duricoria.

*Andricus perplexus Ash. ’97, p. 122, 2, Mo., Nov. 1. Globular, pointed, 5 mm., large cell.

(c) Form more or less conical.
Andricus coniferus Ash. ’81, p. XX VII-XXVIII (Cynips), 2, Q. phellos, Q. laurifolia.
Fla. Solitary, axillary, sessile, low-conical.
Callirhytis crassicornis Ash. ’97, p. 130-131, 9: Like coniferus, but imbedded in twig, triangular
Andricus ventricosa Bass. 64, p. 681 (Cynips), 9, Q. ilicifolia, Conn. Spring. Q. alba, R. 1;
Q. tinctoria and Q. niger, Mass. %
Gall appears late May. Not axillary, conical, sessile, plate 1, 129.

10 CYNIPIDAE

Holcaspis bassetti Gill, 89, p. 215-217, fig. 2, p. 221, 2, Q. bicolor, Mich.
Oct. Not axillary, clustered, attenuated cone, plate 1, 214.

(d) Not globular or conical.

Holcaspis monticola Gill. 93, p. 30-31, 2, Serub oak, Colo. :
Nov. Cylindric, truncate, 1-4 im. Bark broken at base.
*Compsodryoxenus brunneus Ash. ’97, p. 129, 2, Cal. i
Elongate, oval, 5-8 mm. Gall confused with that of Andricus chrysolepidis.
Holcaspis douglasii Ash. 97, p. 127, 2, Q. douglasii, Cal, Dec. Squash-shaped.

(D) Woody, with a central kernel, having the outer substance of the gall chambered,
clustered.

Andricus formosus Bass. ’64, p. 679-680 (Cynips), 2, Q. rubra, Conn.
Old wood. Spring. Ovate, 40-50 clustered, plate 2, 332.
Andricus capsualus Ash. ’85, p. [X (Cynips), 2, Q. catesbei and Q. cinerea.
Fla. Appears Apr. Spring of next year. Ovate, 15-20 clustered, fleshy on twig.

2. Galls with the structure of typical bullet-galls, but clustered in compact and character-
istic masses about the supporting twig—

Holcaspis ficigera Ash. ’85, p. VI-VII (Cynips), 9, Q. wrens, Fla.; =O. S. ’62, p. 258, Q. virens,
Fla.; =Ash. ’81, p. XIV, “Cynips q. ficus (?).”
Pruinose, compact, fig-like cluster. :
Holcaspis ficula Bass. ’81, p. 75-76 (Cynips), 2, Q. macrocarpa, Ga.: Ash. 97, Par. Hymenopt.,
p. 189, Fla. ;
Not hard-clustered in a mass like a cedar-cone.
Holcaspis spongiosa Karsch.

Loxaulus spicata Bass. ’00, p. 329, 9, Q. virens, Ariz.
The mass looks like a red-colored ear of corn.
Cynips strobilana O. 8S. ’62, p. 254, Q. bicolor, Pa., Md.; O. S. ’65, p. 350, 9 : Bass. ’64, p. 690-691
(Cynips), 2: Beut. 04, Q. palustris; Cat., Q. bicolor N. Y.: Gill. ’89, Q. macrocarpa,
- Q. bicolor, Mich.: Harvard Coll., Q. bicolor, Mass.: Packard, Q. bicolor, Mo.
Wedge-shaped cells in cluster.
Andricus coronus Beut. ’07, p. 464-465, pl. 37, fig. 10, 2, Q. palustris, N. Y.; Q. aquatica, Ga.
Summer. Spring.
Ovoid, fluted, monothalamous, clustered.

3. Galls in compact cluster around twig, but bladder like and not woody as in last group.

Xanthoteras forticornis Walsh ’64, p. 489-491 (Cynips), 2, Q. alba, Ill.; =Cynips ficus Fitch, 5
Rept., p. 812-813, 2 (Ceroptres), Q. alba, N. Y.; =O.S. ’61, p. 69-70, Q. alba, D. C.:
Bass. 63, Conn.: Beut. Cat. and ’04, Q. alba, N. Y.: Ash. ’87, Chalcidide, Toronto,
Can.: Cook ’05, Q. alba, Ind.: Walsh ’68, Q. alba, Mo.: Beach ’95; lowa: Packard,
Mass., Va., N. H.: Gill. ’89, Mich.; Q. alba, Mass., R. I.
Gall appears in July. Old wood, plate 1, 122.

Biorhiza.

4. Galls on twigs consisting of fibrous material which conceals one or many cells in which
the larvee live—

(A) Cell large, solitary or clustered.

Andricus dasydactyli Ash. 97, p. 117-118, 9, Q. chrysolepis, Cal.
Jan., Feb. Cells 2 cm. long; long wool fibres.

AmeRICAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON 11

(B) Cells small, numerous, massed in a cluster beneath the fibres.

Callirhytis operator O. S. ’62, p. 256-258 (Cynips), 72, Q. nigra, D. C.: Bass. ’00, p. 315, Conn.,
: Bass. ’73, Q. ilicifolia, Conn.: O. 8. ’65, Q. ilicifolia, Q. palustris, Conn.: Riley ’73, p.
519, Black oak; Q. ilicifolia, Mass., R. I.: Walsh ’64, p. 639; Q. nigra, Q. palustris,
Q. tlicifolia, Ll.
Gall appears in mid-May. Flies in June, plate 2, 169.
Callirhytis seminator Harr. ’41, p. 399 (Cynips), fly, Q. alba, Mass.: O. 8. ’61, p. 69, 7 2, Q. alba
D. C.: Walsh ’64, Q. alba, Ill.: Ash. ’87, Q. prinus, Q. bicolor, Fla., 7 2, June, July:
Beut. ’04, Q. alba, N. Y.: Fitch 5 Rept., Q. alba, N. Y. Fly im July: Gill. ’89, Q.
alba, Mich. Fly in July: Cook ’05, Q. alba, Ind.: Packard, Q. alba, Va. Fly June
13; Q. alba, Mass., R. I.
Gall appears early June, plate 2, 8. Flies the last of June.

TV. Gatti Consisting or ONE orn More Larvat Cents or CApPsuLes IN A Lear-Bup:

1. Hard cell or cells surrounded by a number of modified leaves—

(A) Cell surrounded by a few thread-like bodies.
Dryophanta pallipes Bass. ’00, p. 327, 7 2, Q. alba, Conn., spring.

(B) Cell surrounded by a rosette of linear leaves.

(?) Cynips frondosa Bass. 764, p. 688-689, Q. prinoides, Conn.; Harvard Coll., Md.: Ash. ’96, p. 186
Mo.; Q. prinoides, Mass. Forms summer, emerges late May.
Leaves quite long, not always linear, plate 3, 165.
Andricus foliatus Ash. ’81, p. XII—XIII (Cynips), 2, Q. virens, Fla.
Leaves short, linear.
Andricus stropus Ash. ’87b, p. 136, 2, Q. obtusiloba, Fla.
Mar. Leaves linear.

(C) Several cells surrounded by a rosette of linear leaves.

Andricus topiarius Ash. ’87b, p. 136, 2, Q. obtusiloba, Fla.
Mar. 3-5 cells.
*(?)Cynips frondosa Walsh 69, p. 72-73, Burr-oak, Ill.; White oak, Miss., plate 3, 165.

2. Hard cell in the bud. No circle of modified leaves—

Dryophanta gemula Bass. ’81, p. 104-105 (Cynips), 7 2, Q. prinoides, Conn., May; Mass. Late
f May.
Andricus calycicola Ash. ’87, p. 141, @?, Q. laurifolia, Fla.
Falls to ground in winter. Feb. May be in acorn-cup also.

3. Soft capsule in bud, no modified leaves—

Neuroterus vesiculus Bass. 81, p. 97 (Cynips), 7 2,Q. alba, Conn. Gill. ’89, Q. bicolor, Q. macro-
carpa, Mich. Early May. Mass., May.
Visible capsule, plate 2, 160.
Dryophanta vesiculoides Ash. ’97, p. 114, o 2, Q. obtusiloba, Mo., May 10. Visible capsule.
Neuroterus affinis Bass. ’81, p. 103-104 (Cynips), 7 2, Q. prinoides, Conn. Visible capsule.
N. vesiculus Bass.

Andricus cinnamomeus Ash. ’87b, p. 137, 2, Q. parvifolia, Fla. Apr.

Single cell within bud (cone). ,
Andricus cellularius Gill 92, p. 247, 9, Q. undulata, Colo. Late May. Cell within bud.

v2 CYNIPIDAE

4. Capsules in bud, blasting it completely or so only a few deformed and imperfect
leaves issue .—

Dryophanta clarkei Bass. ’90, p. 69, o Q, Q. alba, Mass. Early spring.
Capsules fill the bud.
Neuroterus congregatus Gill. ’93, p. 166, o’, Col. May17. +
Bud becomes a mass of pubescent capsules.
Neuroterus minutus Bass. ’81, p. 96-97 (Cynips), 7 2, Q. alba, Conn.
Leaves aborted, galls irregular, clustered in bud (polythalamous, 2-6 mm.)
Neuroterus vernus Gill. 90, p. 22-23, 2, Q. macrocarpa, Iowa. (1) May, (2) June.
Minute oval galls amid aborted leaves as with N. minuta.

VY. GALLS OF THE LEAVES: (In some of the larger oak-apples the originating leaf is wholly
aborted and the gall issues directly from the twig or bud.) It is not possible to as-
sign these naturally to their groups in all cases.

1. Galls on the petiole of the leaf—

Cynips sulcatus Ash. ’97, p. 123, 9, Q. virens, Ariz. Mar., Apr. Rounded, size of pea.
Callirhytis.
Dryophanta carolina Ash. ’87b, p. 145, 29, @. alba, N.C. Feb. Small, hard; highly attached.
Holcaspis arizonica Cockerell ’02, p. 183, 9, Q. arizonica. Apr. 19. -
Globular, polythalamous, base of petiole.
Neuroterus minutus Bass.
Neuroterus vernus Gill.

2. Gall a swelling of the mid-vein, or sometimes of the petiole—
(A) Swellings abrupt.

Andricus petiolicola Bass. ’63, p. 324-825 (Cynips), 7 2, Q. alba, Q. montana, Q. prinoides, Conn.;
=O.58. ’61, p. 66-67, No. 18, Q. prinus (see O. S. ’65, p. 351): Beut. 704, Q. alba, Q.
prinus, Q. platanoides, Q. minor, N. Y.: Cat. Q. alba, Q. prinus, Q. bicolor, Q. obtu-
siloba, N. Y.: Cook ’05, p. 830, Q. alba, Q. prinus, Q. bicolor, Q. obtusiloba, Ind.:
Beach ’95, Iowa: Gill. ’89, Q. alba, Q. macrocarpa, Q. bicolor, lowa, Mich. Fly July
5: Walsh 764, p. 487, Q. discolor, Q. prinus, Ill. June, July.

Harvard Coll. Q. alba, Q. prinus, Q. tinctoria, Mass.
Andricus cicatriculus Bass. ’81, pp. 101; Bass. 790, p. 80, 7 2, Q. alba, Conn. |

Q. alba, Q. prinus, Q. prinoides, R. I., Mass. Fly late June, plate 3, 171.
Callirhytis parvifoliz Ash. ’87b, p. 188, 2, Q. parvifolia, Fla.

Polythalamous, indented above and rounded below lamina.
Callirhytis reticulata Bass. 90, p. 74-75, 2, Q. virens (?), N. Mex. Much like cicatricula.
Andricus morrisoni Ash. ’97, p. 116-117, 7 9, Ariz., June 23.

Above and below lamina at base of blade, fleshy, polythalamous.

Andricus quinqueseptum Ash. ’85b, p. 299-300, o, Q. obtusiloba, Fla. July.

Base of blade, monothalamous, conical above, rounded below; partitioned.

(B) Less abrupt and localized enlargements of mid-vein (or more rarely of lateral
veins and petiole).

Callirhytis tumifica O. 8. ’65, p. 356-357 (Cynips), 7 2, Q! tinctoria, Q. rubra, N. Y.: Cook 705,
5 Q. alba, Q. tinctoria, Ind.; Q. rubra, Mass.
Swollen mid-vein, plate 1, 47.
Callirhytis nigree O.S. 61, p. 66 (Cynips), 72, Q.nigra and Q. rubra, D.C. Late June. Swelling
along mid-vein.

AMERICAN InsEcT GaLits: THOMPSON 13

Andricus piger Bass. ’81, p. 105-106 (Cynips), 2, Q. tinctoria, Conn. Autumn. Beut. ’04, Q.
velutina, N. Y.; Q. rubra, Mass.
Fly late Sept. Swelling on mid-vein, plate 2, 213.
Callirhytis cellz Ash. ’87b, p. 141-142, 2, Q. laurifolia, Fla. Slight swelling.
Neuroterus politus Bass. 90, p. 89, o, Q. undulata (?), Utah. Swelling on mid-vein.
N. quercicola D. T.

Neuroterus flavipes Gill. ’90, p. 21-22, 7 2, Q. macrocarpa, Iowa, July 6.

Hard swelling of mid-vein or lateral vein. 3-4 x 1-4 in.
Neuroterus gillettei Bass. ’00, p. 334, o @, Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Pustular swelling.
*Neuroterus tectus Bass. ’00, p. 331. Cell in mid-vein, distorting leaf.

‘(C) The whole leaf (?) is swollen to a fleshy, elongated gall.

Neuroterus noxiosus Bass. ’81, p. 108-109 (Cynips), & 2°, Q. bicolor, Conn.
Spring, June (see page 6 for autumnal gall), plate 4, 118.

3. Galls involving or attached to the lamina of the leaf—

(A) Small blister-like or pustular swellings of the leaf-blade.

Neuroterus howertoni Bass. 90, p- 90, 2, N. Mex. Blotches, walls thin.
Neuroterus perminimus Bass. ’00, p. 332, 7 2, Q. alba, Ohio. June, July. Minute blister.
N. nigrum Gill.

Neuroterus nigrum Gill. ’89, p. 218-219, 221, fig. 5, 9, Q. alba, Q. macrocarpa, Mich., lowa. Mid-
May. Q. alba, Mass. Mid-May.
Over winters, plate 4, 141.

(B) Blister above lamina, woolly gall beneath.

Neuroterus floccosus Bass. ’81, p. 111-112 (Cynips), 2, Q. bicolor, Conn.
Over winters. Spring, Mass., plate 2, 103.

(C) Rounded galls with several cells imbedded in the lamina of the leaf.

Callirhytis futilis O. S. ’61, p. 63-64 (Cynips), @, Q. alba, D. C., spring. Early July, Beut. ‘Cat.
04, Q. alba, N. Y., fly, July: Bass. ’63, Conn.; Bass. ’89, Q. alba, Conn.: Gill. ’89, Q.
alba, Mich.; Q. alba, Q. stellata, Mass.

2-3 cells, plate 5, 49.

Callirhytis papillatus O. S. ’61, p. 64-65 (Cynips), &, Q. prinus, D. C. Late June. Beut. Cat.,

Q. prinus, N. Y., fly in June: Cook ’05, p. 827, Ind.; Q. coccinea, Mass.
2-3 cells, plate 4, 57.
Callirhytis modesta O. S. ’61, p. 65-66 (Cynips), 2, Q. rubra, D.C. Late June.

(D) Galls making a sort of thickened and elevated area in the lamina.

(a) The platform is formed of crowded, monothalamous galls.

Dryophanta papula Bass. ’81, p. 107-108 (Cynips), 2, Q. rubra, Conn., Q. tinctoria, Mass.: Gill.
89, Q. coccinea, Q. rubra, Mich. Fly, July 12.
Conical, confluent, plate 4, 270.

(b) The platform is made by a single polythalamous gall.

Neuroterus favosus Bass. ’90, p. 87-88, &° 2, Q. tinctoria, Ohio; Q. palustris, Q. rubra, Mass.
Irregular, pustular, elevated area, plate 3, 66.

14 a CYNIPIDAE

Neuroterus irregularis O. 8. ’61, p. 65 (Cynips), & (?), Q. obtusiloba, D. C. Appears in spring.
Late May.
Succulent, elevated area, plate 3, 172.
Dolichostrophus majalis Bass. ’64, p. 682-683 (Cynips), & 2, Q. alba, Conn. June. Ash. ’87,
Q. prinus, Q. bicolor, Fla. Like last.
Neuroterus fragilis Bass. ’00, p. 335, 7 9, Q. virens (?) Cal. Like majalis but smaller.

(£) Gall spherical, hemispherical or conical, usually succulent, and consisting of a
wall that encloses a chamber in which the larval cell lies free; some of these galls are
loosely attached to the leaf, but more often they are imbedded in the blade.

@) Call lobule.

Callirhytis palustris O. S. ’61, p. 62-63 (Cynips), 7 2, Q. palustris, D. C., spring. .Late May.
O. 8. '62, Q. falcata, Q. coccinea, Q. tinctoria; O. S. ’65,.Q. tinctoria, Q. falcata, Q.
coccinea, Q. imbricaria, Q: ilicifolia; O. 8. ’70, p. 54, 56, N. Y. Late May: Walsh
64, Q. tinctoria, Q. imbricaria, Il.: Beut. Cat. ’04, Q. palustris, N. Y. Fly in May:
Cook ’05, Q. palustris, Ind. Fly, May: Bass. ’63, p. 329, Q. ilicifolia, Conn.: Pro-
vancher Canada (F. Can. vol. 2, p. 163.) :

Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia, R. I., Mass. Mid-May. Fly early June. Succulent, globular.
The generic position is uncertain: O.§8. ’61, p. 62, called it Cynips (Trigonaspis?):
Mayr ’81, placed it in Callirhytis “doubtfully”: Ash. ’85, Callirhytis: Ash. ’87, Cresson
’87, Dryophanta. The presence of scutellar pits instead of a furrow and the simple
(?) claws are Callirhytis; the smooth thorax, long radial area and shape of the abdo-
men favor Dryopkanta. (Dryphanta according to Bassett.)
Dryophanta.

= (?) Cynips notha O. 8. 70, p. 55-56, 0°, Q. palustris, D. C. ss
Late May (oval kernel). ;
Dryophanta aquatice Ash. ’81, p. XVI-XVII (Cynips), 7 @,Q. aquatica, Fla.
March. 3-10 in., globular.
Dryophanta laurifoliz Ash. ’81, p. XVII-XVIII (Spathegaster), # 2, Q. laurifolia, Fla., March.
Globular. ix :
Dryophanta quercifoliz Ash. ’85b, p. 299 (Andricus), , Q. catesbei, Fla.
May. Similar to D. aquatice, but smaller.
Callirhytis pusulatoides Bass. 90, p. 74, 2, Q. coccinea, Conn.
On leaf margin.
Dryophanta liberecellule Gill. 90, p. 24-25, fig. 1, 7 @, Q. rubra, Towa; Q. coccinea, Mich.
Late May. Does not pierce lamina. 6 mm.
Dryophanta confusa Ash. ’81, p. XVIII (Cynips), 2, Q. laurifolia, Fla.
Late April. Globular, small beneath leaf-blade.

(b) Hemispherical or conical, attached beneath leaf.

Dryophanta cinerez Ash. ’87, p. 144, 2, Q. cinerea, Fla.

May. Conical (turret). Nass
Callirhytis saccularius Bass. ’90, p. 76, o, Q. coccinea, Conn.

Thin wall; conical, plate 2, 212.
Xystoteras volutellz Ash. ’97c, p. 260-261, 9, Q. macrocarpa, Kan.

Jan. Conical; kernel loosely attached; 2x 3 mm.

(Ff) Succulent, solid, spherical galls, usually firmly attached to the leaf-blade.
Amphibolips nubilipennis Harr. ’41, p. 398-399 (Cynips), 2, Mass.: Walsh ’64, p. 485, o 9,
Q. rubra, Ill.: Fitch 5 Rept., N. Y. (Callaspidia): Gill. ’89, Q. rubra, Mich. Fly,

June 25: ,
Size of grape.

AMERICAN InsEcT GALLs: THOMPSON 15

Amphibolips sculpta Bass. ’63, p. 324 (Cynips), 72, Q. rubra, Conn. Early July. Walsh ’64,
Red oak: Gill. ’89, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Iowa, Mich. Fly, late June: Cook ’05, p.
825, Q. rubra Ind.: Beach ’95, Iowa:
Q. rubra, Mass. Fly, late June. Gall forms early June. Large size, plate 4, 188.
‘A. nubilipennis.
Phylloteras rubinus Gill. ’89, p. 215, 221 (Biorhiza), 2, Q. alba, Mich.
Fall. 2-3 mm. in diameter.
Amphibolips racemaria Ash. ’81, p. XX VI (Cynips), 2, Q. laurifolia, Fla.
Forms April, May. Mid-May.

(G) Small, solid, fleshy galls loosely attached to the leaf.

Andricus rugosus Ash. ’81, p. XVIII-X1IX (Cynips), 7 9, Q. laurifolia. Fla. Late April.
Hemispherical, hard, fibrous.
Sherrer mellea Ash. ’87, p. 138 (Biorhiza), 2 ,Q. parvifolia, Fla.
Feb. Fleshy, often clustered.
Biorhiza.
Acraspis compressum Gill. ’91, p. 197-198, 92, Q. rubra, Iowa.
On ground over winters. 2-3mm. White, wax-like in texture, plate 4, 78.
Philonix.

(H) Moderate-sized, hard galls, loosely attached to vein below leaf and with a facetted
or spiny surface.

(a) Surface facetted.
- Acraspis pezomachoides O. 8. 62, p. 250 (Cynips), 2, Q. alba, Md.; =(?) Cynips q. pisum Fitch 5
_ Rept., p. 818-819, Q. alba; O. 8. ’61, p. 53, D. C.; O. 8.65, piswm; = Q pezoma-
choides: Beut. Cat., Q.-.alba, N: Y.: Cook ’05, Q. alba, Ind.: Harvard Coll., Mass.:
Packard, p. 113, Q. alba, Mo.
Q. alba, Q. bicolor, Mass. Fly late Sept. Gall forms June, plate 3, 33.
Philoniz.
Acraspis macrocarpe Bass. ’90, p. 84-85, 2, N. Y., Mich., Ohio, Iowa. Autumn. Gill. ’89, p.
221, Q. macrocarpa, Mich. @ Oct.: Beach, Iowa: Gill. ’93, Q. macrocarpa, Iowa.
Philoniz.
Acraspis undulata Gill. 93, p. 28-29, 2, Q. undulata, Colo. Fly like macrocarpe.
Philonix macrocarpe.
Biorhiza hirta Bass. ’64, p. 687-688 (Cynips) 2, Q. montana, Conn.; =O. 5S. ’62, p. 254, Q. prinos,
Md. (see O. 8. ’65, p. 878): Beut. Cat., @. monticola N. Y. Like C. piswm.
Philonix.
(6) Facets of the surface pointed or spine-tipped.
Acraspis echini Ash. ’87, p. 140, 2, Q. bicolor, Fla. Novy. Spine-tipped.
Philonix.
(?) Cynips prinoides Beut. Cat., p. 257-258, pl. XI, fig. 6, 2, Q. prinoides, N. J. Aug.—Sept. “
Single cell, facets Pormed!
Philoniz.
(c) Spines of the facets long.
Acraspis erinacei Walsh ’64, p. 483-484 (Cynips), Q. alba, Ill.: Gill. ’89, p. 186, Q. alba, Mich,
Fly in Novy.; Gill. ’96, p. 94, Iowa, N. Y.: Beut. Cat. ’04, Q. alba, N. Y.: Cook ’05.
Q. rubra, Ind.: O. 8. ’73, Colo.

The fly has apparently never been described. It was assigned to this genus by Mayr
’81, p. 30. (Ash. 87, p. 140, calls it ““Acraspis erinacei.’’)
Philonix.

CYNIPIDAE

=
(or)

(d) Spines long, hair-like. \

Acraspis villosus Gill. 89, p. 218, 221, fig., 29, @. macrocarpa, Mich. Late Oct. Beach ’95, Iowa.
On mid-vein.
Philoniz.

(I) Solid galls attached to leaf with a central harder kernel or larval cell. These
approach the oak-apple galls in structure.

Acraspis laneglobuli Ash. ’87, p. 139, 9, Q. bicolor, Fla.

Philonix.

Acraspis gillettei Bass. 00, p. 323-324, 2, Q. alba, Conn.
Philonix niger Gill.

Andricus virens Ash. ’81, p. [X—X (Cynips), 2, Q. virens, Fla.; =O. S. 61, p. 57-58, No. 2.
Feb. Substance of gall pithy. ;

*Acraspis niger Gill. 90, p. 23-24, 2, Q. alba, Mich., Towa.
Sept., Oct. Almost a fibrous oak-apple.

Philonizx.

(J) Oak-apple galls: 7. e. galls with a central hard kernel or larval cell, a firm (often
hard) rind and a spongy or fibrous intervening substance.

(a) Intervening substance is spongy.

1. Size large. (The leaf is usually aborted and the gall appears to be attached directly
to the twig.)—

Amphibolips confluentus Harr. 41, p. 397-898 (Cynips), fly, Red-oaks. Spring. Oct., 2, Q.
rubra, D. C. June. =C. q. aciculata O.S. ’61, p. 56-57, 9, Q. rubra, Ul. Oct.
) (O. 8. ’65, p. 354, all fuse); = C. q. coccinew, O. S. 62, p. 243-244, 2, Q. coccinea
D. C., June 25; =C. q. spongifica, O. 8. ’62, p. 244-245, & 9, Q. tinctoria, D. C.,
June 15.: Walsh ’64 and ’69, Q. tinctoria, Q. rubra, Ill. (1) June, (2) Sept.: Cook ’05,
p. 822, Q. rubra, Q. tinctoria, Q. coccinea, Q. nigra, Ind.: Bass. ’63, Q. tinctoria, Conn.:
Beut. Cat., Q. rubra, Q. tinctoria, Q. coccinea, QM. nigra, N. Y. (1) June, (2) Oct. or
spring: Provancher, Red oak, Canada: Harvard Coll., Q. tinctoria, Mass.: Gill. ’89,
Q. coccinea, Q. rubra, lowa, Mich. Q. palustris, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, R. I., Mass.,
plate 2, 68.
Amphibolips palmeri Bass. ’90, p. 86-87, 9, Mex.
2 3-4 in. diam., globular.
Amphibolips acuminata Ash. ’97, p. 126, 2 ,Q. nigra, D. C., Md.
June 24. 2x1 in., spongy.
Amphibolips longicornis Bass. ’00, p. 321-322 (O. S. 61, p. 69) co”, Tex.
: Ovoid.
Amphibolips caroliniensis Bass. 90, p. 85-86, 2, Q. obtusiloba (?), N. C.
Globular, wrinkled.

2. Size small.

Dryophanta rydbergiana Cockerell 703, p. 217, 2, Q. rydbergiana, N. Mex. On leaf, 6 mm.
Spherical.
Amphibolips spinosa Ash. ’87, p. 141, 2, Q. laurifolia, Fla.
Jan. Globular, prickly.

\ American Insect Gatus: THompson 17

(b) The substance lying between the rind and kernel is fibrous and often very scanty,
1. Size large; kernel central; leaf usually aborted.

Amphibolips inanis, 0.8. ’61, p. 58 (Cynips), Q. rubra, D. C.; O. 8. ’62, p. 242-245 (Cynips), 2,
Q. coccinea, or Q. rubra (?) D. C., June 20; = Callaspidia confluenta Fitch 5 Rept., p.
817, Red oak, N. Y.: Walsh ’64 and ’69, Q. rubra, & 2, (69): Bass. ’63, Q. tinctoria
(?), Conn.: Beut. Cat. and ’04, Q. coccinea, Q. rubra, N. Y., N. J.: Gill. ’89, Q. rubra,
Mich. June 20, 2: Beach ’95, Iowa: Cook ’05, Q. coccinea, Q. rubra, Ind.: Harvard
Coll., Q. rubra, N. H. ~ ;
Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Q. alba, Q. palustris, Mass., R. 1. Fly, June 21, plate 3, 10.
Callirhytis vaccinifoliz Ash. ’97, p. 130, 2, Q. vaccinifolia, Cal. ;
Oct., Dee. 1-2-1 in. Globular, thin-shelled.
Holcaspis centricola O. 8. ’61, p. 58-59 (Cynips), 9, Q. obtusiloba, D. C. Autumn. Cook ’05,
Q. obtusiloba, Ind. (Leaf not aborted O. 8. 62, p. 247). 3-4 in. on leaf.
Amphibolips ilicifoliz Bass. ’64, p. 681-682 (Cynips) @ @, Q. ilicifolia, Conn.: Harvard Coll., Q.
pumila, Conn.: Beut. Cat. Q. ilicifolia, N. Y., N. J.: Beut. ’04, p. 11, Q. nana, N.Y.
Q. ilicifolia, Mass., R. I. May or June, gall. July, fly. Leaf aborted; ovoid, plate
4, 126.
Amphibolips cinerea Ash. ’81, p. XIX—XX (Cynips), 2, Q. cinerea, Fla.
_ Leaf absent; globular. 1 1-4-1 1-2in. (On twig.)
Amphibolips citriformis-Ash. ’81, p. XXVIII (Cynips), 2, Q. phellos, Fla.
Early May. Leaf absent; ovoid. 1 in. long.
Amphibolips melanocera Ash. ’85b, p. 299, 2, Q. aquatica, Fla.
June. Ovoid, leaf absent.

2. Size small; leaf aborted.

Amphibolips tinctorie Ash. 97, p. 125, 2, Q. tinctoria, Oct. Compressed, ovate, 2 x 1 cm.
_Amphibolips cookii Gill. ’89, p. 220, 221, fig. 6, 9, Q. rubra, Mich.
Ovoid; on buds. Flies, Sept.
Andricus femoratus Ash. ’87, p. 141, 2, Q. tinctoria, Fla. Cook ’05, p. 832, Q. rubra, Ind.
3-10 in.; globular. No leaf.

3. Galls small; leaf present and gall usually on under side; solitary—

Holcaspis maculipennis Gill. ’94, p. 236-237, 2, Q. wrightii, N. Mex.
1 1-2 em. on leaf.
Holcaspis brevipennata Gill. 93, p. 31, 2, Q. undulata, Cal.
1-1 1-2 em. below leaf.
Dryophanta bella Bass. ’81, p. 98-95 (Cynips), 9, Ariz.
3-4 in. below leaf.
Dryophanta emoryi Ash. ’97, p. 115, 9, Q. emoryi, N. Mex.
Dec. 2-3 mm. on leaf. Few filaments.
Andricus singularis Bass. ’63, p. 326-327 (Cynips), 72, Q. rubra, Conn. July 10. Beut. 04,
Cat. Q. rubra, N. Y.: 0.8. 65, D. C.: Gill. ’89, Q. rubra, Mich. Flies June.
Q. coccinea, Q. rubra, Mass. Flies June 23. Tends to pierce lamina of leaf, plate 4, 71.
Andricus osten-sackenii Bass. ’63, p. 327-328 (Cynips), & 2, Q. ilicifolia and Q. coccinea, Conn. :
O.S. 61, p. 56: Ash. 796, p. 186 Mo.:
Mass. Fly early July. Tends to pierce lamina of leaf, plate 2, 182.

(K) Galls small; leaf present and galls tend to cluster.

18 CYNIPIDAE

(a) Cell central in gall.

Dryophanta polita Bass. ’81, p. 99-100 (Cynips), 2, Q. obtusiloba, Pa., N. J., Md. Spring. Beut.
Cat. Q. obtusiloba N. J.; 04 Q. minor N. Y. .
Very globular.
Trichoteras coquilletti Ash. 97b, p. 67-68, 2, Cal.
Nov.—Dee. Like polita.

2 (6) Cell basal, against leaf.

Dryophanta glabra Gill. 94, p. 237-238, 2, Q. undulata, Colo.: Cockerell, Q. gambeli, Colo. 4-6
mm.
D. eburnea Bass.

Dryophanta eburneus Bass. ’90, p. 70-71, 9, Utah.
Dryophanta similis Bass. 90, p. 71, 2, Utah. Similar to eburneus.
D. simillina D. T.

(Z) Small, thin-walled, globular galls; usually marginal on the leaf and piercing the
lamina.

Andricus utriculus Bass. ’81, p. 78-79. (Cynips), 7 2, Q. alba, Conn,

June. @. alba, Mass. Marginal; may distort the leaf. \
Neuroterus pallipes Bass. 90, p. 89, 7 2, Q. alba, Mass. Resembles wtriculus.
Andricus pruinosus Bass. ’00, p. 311-312, 2, Q. obtusiloba Conn. Much like utriculus.
Callirhytis pilula Bass. ’90, p. 77-78, 2°, Q. undulata Utah. Globular; piercing lamina.
Dryophanta porterze Cockerell ’00, p. 91-92, 2, Q. undulata, N. Mex.

zor Jan. 30. Depressed; spherical; in row along-mid-vein.
D. pulchripennis Ashm.

Andricus rileyi Ash. ’97, p. 121-122, 2, Q. rubra, Mo.
July 2. 3mm. On under side of mid-vein.

*Neuroterus saltatorius Edwards ’76(?), (Cynips), fly, Q. undulata (?) Riley. White oaks. Mo.
Small gall; no kernel in centre.

*(Move to G., p. 15, with which it grades.)

(1) Small galls attached to the leaf-blade, of various structure and peculiar form.

*Neuroterus verrucarum 0.8. ’61, p. 61-62 (Cynips), 2 (2), Q. obtusiloba, D. C.
Late summer. Disc-like; hairy.
Neuroterus umbilicatus Bass. 00, p. 330-331, 9, Q. bicolor, N. Y.: Beut. Cat. Q. bicolor, N. J.:
Beut. ’04, Q. platanoides, N. Y.
Mass. Disc-like, sessile; central pit, plate 4, 306.
Andricus foliaformis Gill. ’89, p. 214-215, fig. 1, 221, 2, Q. alba, Mich.
July 30. Succulent, one cell and lobed; rough. _
Andricus parmula Bass. ’00, p. 812, 2, Cal. Saucer-shaped discs.
Andricus kingi Bass. ’00, p. 316, @, Q. alba (?), Cal.
Cone sessile on leaf; hollow with attached cell.
*“Dryophanta pulchripennis Ash. ’97, p. 115-116, 2, Apr.
Hemispherical, netted surface; beneath leaf.
Dryophanta discus Bass. ’00, p. 326, 9, Cal. Disc-like; beneath leaf.

(NV) Galls composed apparently of crystalline matter; attached to leaves.

American Insect GALLs: THOMPSON 19

(a) Solitary; globular.

*Cynips echinus O. 8. ’70, p. 56, 2, Q. agrifolia, Cal.
Monothalamous, facetted, scarlet. (‘‘Facets of the surface pointed or spine-tipped.’’)
Possibly might be assigned to VHb, p. 15.
Andricus speciosus Bass. 90, p, 81, 2, Cal. 3-4 in. crystalline.
Andricus crystallinus Bass. ’00, p. 319-320, ° , Q. agrifolia (2), Cal.
Conical; of crystalline fibers: see O. 8. echinus

(b) Clustered; tubular.
Andricus tubicola O. 8. ’61, p. 60 (Cynips), 9, Q. obtusiloba, D.C. Oct. (See O.S. 62, p. 250.)

(O) Small, fleshy galls clustered on leaves.
(a) Split mid-vein in their growth.

(?)Cynips deciduz Bass. ’64, p. 689, Q. rubra, Conn.: O. 8. 65, p. 360, ’61, p. 256, Q. bicolor, D. C.;
Q. ilicifolia, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Mass. ; Q. rubra, R. 1. Seed-like, plate 3, 77.
Andricus piperoides Bass. ’00, p. 314-315, °, Q. rubra, Conn. Summer second year before
Spring.
Red oaks, Mass. Fuzzy, globular, plate 5, 286.

(b) Do not split mid-vein in growing.

Cynips dimorphus Gill. ’89, p. 186, 221, Q. bicolor, Q. macrocarpa, Q. prinus. Mich. (C:
dimorphus Ash. Mss.)
Fly not described. Gall described.
Zopheroteras vaccinii Ash. ’87, p. 186-137 (Acraspis), 2, Q. obtusiloba. (Gall Aug.—Dec.) Fla.
Over winter, Feb.; =O. S. ’62, p. 255, Q. obtusiloba, D. C.
Urn-shaped gall.
Cynips nigricens Gill. ’89, p. 217-218, 221, 9°, Q. bicolor, Mich.
Clustered below mid-vein. (Internal structure not given.)

(P) Galls attached to leaves and covered with woolly fibers.

(a) Small cells each with a separate crown of wool.

Neuroterus minutissimus Ash. ’85, p. VII (Cynips), 2, Q. virens, Fla.
Spring.

Neuroterus exiguissimus Bass. ’00, p. 332-333, 2, Q. alba, R. I., Mass., Conn.
Q. alba, Mass. Over winters. In row along veins, plate 5, 303.

N. floccosus Bass.

(b) Small, seed-like cells in groups and covered by wool.

Andricus flocci Walsh ’64, p. 482-483, (Cynips), 2, Q. alba (?) Ill. Winters; =Cynips q. lana
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 814-816, fig., fly (Synergus) Q. alba, N. Y.: O.S. 761, Q. alba, Q.
obtusiloba, D. C.: Beut. Cat. ’04, Q. alba, N. Y.: Gill. 96, Iowa; Gill. ’89, Q. alba,
Q. macrocarpa, lowa, Mich. Fly in March: Cook 05, Q. rubra, Q. alba, Ind.: Beach
05, Iowa: Harvard Coll., Q. alba, Conn., N. H.

June, Mass. Cells erect beneath the wool. Q. alba, R. I., Mass. Gall winters,
plate 5, 150.
Andricus lanigerus Ash. ’81, p. XIII-XIV (Cynips), 9, Q. virens, Fla.
2-6 cells erect. (Otherwise like A. flocez.)

20 CYNIPIDAR

Andricus pattoni Bass. ’81, p. 98-99 (Cynips), 2, Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Winters. Feb.
Cells erect under wool. :
‘“‘Dryophanta”’ ignota Bass. ’81, p. 106-107 (Cynips), 2, Q. bicolor, Conn.: Harvard Coll., Q.
bicolor, Mass.
Cells prostrate, wool scanty.

(c) Cells large, not seed-like but clustered under wool as before.

Neuroterus laurifolie Ash. ’87, p. 140-141, 9, Q. laurifoha, Fla.
3-4 in cluster. Cells, dise-like.
Andricus infuscatus Ash. ’87, p. 144-145, 9, Q. catesbei, Fla. Winters. March. Beut. ’07,
Q. imbricaria, Ohio, Tl.
Attached by point. Cells 2-10 in.; fleshy; monothalamous; fall to ground.
Dryophanta lanata Gill. ’91, p. 198-199, pl. IX, fig. 5, 2, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Lowa, Ill. Winters
from summer. Summer. —
Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia, Q. coccinea, Mass. Cells large, conical when full-grown; 3-4 in
cluster, plate 5, 67.
Dryophanta nubila Bass. ’81, p. 56-57, (Cynips), Q, Ariz.
Wool long; cells 3-16 x 1-2 in.; clustered.

(d) Cells small and bonded together by a hard substance.

Callirhytis lasius Ash. ’97, p. 132-133, 2, Q. chrysolepis, Cal.
Dec., Jan. Woolly.
Bassettia tenuicornis Bass. ’81, p. 92-93 (Cynips) 9, Ariz.
Fall. Cells united by brittle substance and group attached to leaf.by one point.

(e) Polythalamous under wool.

(?)Andricus mexicanus Bass. "90, p. 78-79, Mex. Sessile, hard; long wool.

(Q) Galls on pedicels; attached to the leaves.

Amphibolips coelebs O. S. ’61, p. 60-61 (Cynips), @, Q. rubra, D. C. Beut. 04, Q. rubra, N. Y.
(See notes on O.S. ’62, p. 6.) June. Long, oval.

Andricus fusiformis O. S. ’61, p. 61 (Cynips), 9, Q. alba, Md., D.C. Provancher ’83,, 2 Canada.
May. Long, oval.

Andricus chinquapin Fitch 5 Rept., p. 820 (Figites), 2, Q. prinoides, Q. chinquapin N. Y.
May. Oval, minute.

Andricus capsula Bass. ’81, p. 101-102 (Cynips), “2, Q. bicolor, Conn. June. Oval., plate

: 3, 320.
Dryophanta pedunculata Bass. ’90, p. 72-73, 3 2, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Conn. Globular.

VI. GauLts or THE AMENTS:

Callirhytis pulchra Bass. ’90, p. 73-74, 7 ©, Q. rubra, (). tinctoria, Mass. May.
Q. rubra, Mass. Late May. Fly early June. Green, globular, fleshy, plate 3, 170.
Andricus blastophagus Ash. ’87, p. 143-144, 2, Q. cinerea, Fla.
May. Small, ovoid, cells.
Andricus exiguus Bass. ’00, p. 318-319, 7 2, Q. obtusiloba, Conn.
May. Oval cells crowded; aments swollen.
Callirhytis clarkei Bass. 90, p. 79, 2, Q. tlicifolia, Mass.
Spring, Q. ilicifolia, Mass. Florets become oval cells.
Neuroterus exiguus Bass. ’00, p. 333-334, 32, Q. obtusiloba, Conn.
Cells hidden among the florets; ament swollen.

AmerIcAN Insect GaLLs: THOMPSON 21

Neuroterus pallidus Bass. 90, p. 88, 2, Q. bicolor, Conn.
Solitary or clustered; 2 mm., globular.
Neuroterus vernus Gill. ’90, p. 22, 2, Q. macrocarpa, Iowa.
Aments swell; galls fuzzy. See page 12. Gall on capsules. Fly, May, June.
Andricus pruinosus Bass. ’00, p. 311, 2, Q. obtusiloba, Conn.
Small, hollow cells like A. wtriculus galls. (See page 18.)
Dryophanta palustris O.S. ’61, p..62, o °.
Succulent, hollow; free central kernel. (See page 14.)
Andricus congregatus Ash. ’97, p. 120, 2, Q. chrysolepis, Q. agrifolia, Cal.
2x4cm. Irregular, polythalamous, rugose. (See page 8.)
Andricus turneri Ash. ’81, p. XVI (Cynips), 2, Q. aquatica, Fla.
Apr. 28. Triangular, 2 celled kernels, clustered and very woolly. (Resembles sem-
inator.)
*Amphibolips trizonata Ash. ’97, p. 125-126, “°, Ariz.
June. Globular, pithy Oak-apple. ‘Said to grow on the aments.”’

VII. GALLs oF THE FRUITS:

1. Galls of the acorn—
Andricus perditor Bass. ’00, p. 313-314, 2, Q. ilictfolia, Conn.
Q. ilicifolia, Mass. Acorn aborted and becomes a gall, plate 4, 247.
Callirhytis fruticola Ash. 97, p. 131-132, 2, Apr. 5; = Murdtfelt Insect Life, 6, p. 322, Q. tinctoria,
Mo.
Cells in pulp of acorn.

2. Galls of the acorn-cup (cupule)—

Callirhytis operatola Riley ’73, p. 519, (Mss.), Opposite sex C. operator: - Bass. ’73, p. 91, Bass.
00, p. 315-316, 2, Q. ilicifolia, Conn.

Q. ilicifolia, Mass. Between cup and acorn. (See C. operator, page 11.)

(?) Cynips glandulosus Riley ’77, p. 577-578, Q. alba, Q. prinotdes, Q. michauxii,Q. prinus,Q. bicolor,
Q. muhlenbergii, Pa., Mo. Packard, Pa.

Q. prinoides and Q. alba, Mass. In cupule; seed kernel, plate 4, 278.

Amphibolips prunus Walsh 64, p. 104, note, figs. 80 and 81 (Cynips), 2, Q. nigra, Q. rubra, Ill.
Aug., Sept. Apr. often of second year. Beut. 104, Q. rubra, N. Y.: Gill. ’89, Q.
nigra, lowa, Q. rubra, Mich.; fly, June 25: Lintner ’88, N. Y.: Beut. Cat., Q. rubra,
Q. tinctoria, N. Y.: Cook ’05, Ind.

Q. rubra, Mass., R. I. Fleshy on cupule, plate 2, 304.

Amphibolips gainesi Bass. ’00, p. 322, 2, Q. tinctoria (?), Tex. Like prunws.

(?) Cynips juglans O. 8. 62, p. 255-256, Q. alba (?), Md., D. C. Like prunus.

Andricus calycicola Ash. ’87, p. 141, 2, Q. lawrifolia, Fla. Winters. Feb.

Hard capsule usually in bud. (See page 11.)

GALLS ON ROSE (Rosa)

J. On THE Roots:
Rhodites radicum 0.8. 63, p. 42, 46-47, 7 2, Conn.; =Cynips semipicea Harris “41, p. 400, 2
(Pervelistes), Mass.: Beut. 04, N. Y.: Harvard Coll., R. carolina, Mass.: Gill. *92
p. 247, Colo.: Cook 05, Rosa carolina, Ind.: Webster 792, Ohio: Saunders ’74, Canada.
Tribalia batatorum Walsh ’64, p. 470-472, 2, “Potato (?).” Ill. Provancher (Add. and Corr.,
p. 161).
Fleshy, polythalamous gall.
Rhodites radicum O. 8.
*Rhodites utahensis Bass. 90, p. 62-63, o1, Utah.
May be only near ground and not beneath soil surface,

22 CYNIPIDAE

Il. GALLS OF THE STEMS:
(A) Mossy—
Rhodites rose Linn. Syst. Nat. Hd. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 5383 (Cynips), 2: O.S. ’63, p. 40-41, 47,
o 9, N. Y., Conn. Emerges May: Riley ’68, N. Y.: Riley ’70, N. Y.: Riley ’80,
Ga.: Comstock ‘Manual Insects,’ Sweet-briar: Provancher, Quebec: Harvard Coll.,
R. rubiginosa, N. Y., Mass.: Beut. Cat., Rosa carolina, R. villosa, N. Y.: Beut. ’04,
R. rubiginosa, N. Y.: Ash. ’87b, Canada. 5
Rosa rugosa, R. blanda, R. cinnamomea, Mass., R. I. Gall winters; fly May—June,
plate 5, 92.

(B) Swellings at tips of twigs—

Rhodites globulus Beut. Cat. 92, p. 247, pl. IX, fig. 4, @ 2, Rosa carolina, N. Y.; =O.S. 63,
Gall No. 5, p. 42, Conn.: Cook ’05,’95, R. carolina, Ind.: Harvard Coll., N. Y., Mass.,
Conn.
R.1., Mass. Oval, abrupt.
R. globuloides Beutm.

*Rhodites variabilis Bass. ’90, p. 61-62, 2, Utah.
Reniform; also on leaves.
Rhodites tumidus Bass. ’90, p. 60-61, 7 @, Utah.
Branch becomes a cone covered with bract-like leaves.
*Rhodites similis Ash. ’97, p. 136, 7 9, Wyo.
Like variabilis.
R. arefactus Gill,

(C) Swellings of stems which are typically not terminal in position—

Rhodites dichlocerus Harris ’41, p. 399-400 (Cynips), fly, Mass.: O. S. 63, p. 44, 46, 79, N. Y.,
Conn.: Beut. Cat. and ’04, R. carolina, N. Y.: Cook ’05, R. carolina, Ind.: Harvard
Coll:, Mass., N. Y.: Ash. ’87, Fla. April.

Rosa nitida, Rosa species, R. canina, Mass., R. I. Fly early June; gall winters. Oval,
gradual enlargement of stem, plate 5, 112.

Rhodites verna O.S. ’63, p. 41, 47-48, 79, D. C.: Harvard Coll., R. rubiginosa, D. C.: Beut.

Cat., R. lucida N. Y.
Small, oval swellings.

Rhodites tuberculosa O.S. ‘“‘Stettin,” p. 415 (Cynips, Rhodites?), 7 2, D. C. Species doubtful.
Neither O. 8. nor other writers refer to it again and it is very imperfectly character-
ized. May be Rh. verna.

Rhodites arefactus Gill. 94, p. 157-158, o 2, Colo., May 23.

Corky enlargements at base of branches.

Rhodites neglecta Gill. 94, p. 158-159, o 9, Colo., May 17.

Abrupt swelling. (Polythalamous; 15 x 18 mm.)
Rhodites multispinosa Gill. 90, p. 25, fig. 2, 79, Iowa; =Bull. Iowa Exper. Sta. Rh. spino-
sissima. (Preoccupied.)
Abrupt swelling; very spinose.
Rhodites fusiformans Ash. ’90, p. 14, 7 2, R. arkansana Colo.: Gill. ’92, Colo.
Irregular swelling.

Ill. Gaus or tHE LEAVES:

(A) Galls in the parenchyma—
Rhodites lenticularis Bass. ’90, p. 59-60, 9, Rosa lucida, Mass.: Beut. 04, p. 8, R. lucida, N. Y.
Disc-like thickenings.
R. rosefolie Ashm,

AmeRIcAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON 23

(B) Galls attached to the leaves—

Rhodites bicolor Harr. ’41, p. 399 (Cynips), fly, Mass.; = Rh. twmidus, Townsend, Psyche ’95,
p. 272, 307: O. S. 63, p. 43, 48-49, o 2, Conn.: Harvard Coll., Ottawa, Ala., Mass. :
Gill, ’92, Colo.: Beut., N. Y.: Provancher, vol. 2, p. 160, Quebec: Cook ’05, Ind.:
Riley ’70, Miss.: Harvard Coll., R. lucida, Me., R. rubiginosa, Montreal, Cal., Conn. :
: R. 1., Mass. Gall ovér winters. Globular, spinose, plate 5, 5.
*Rhodites gracilis Ash. ’97,-p. 135-136, o 9, Mich. and Iowa. (2?) May 7.

Gall subglobose, with crown of irregular spines, diameter 2-3 mm. On R. blanda, R. lucida.

Rhodites polita Ash. 90, p. 14, 7 2, Rosa californica, Cal., Colo., Dakota: Gill. 93, Colo.: Ash.
96, Colo., Wyo.
Globular; not spiny.
Rhodites nebulosus Bass. ’90, p. 63-64, &, R. carolina, R. blanda, 3-16 in., globular.
Rhodites ignota O.S. ’63, p. 43-44, 49, 7, R. carolina, Md., Conn. Late May. Harvard
Coll., Conn., Mass.: Beut., R. carolina, N. Y.: Gill. ’92, Colo.; Ash. ’86, ’87, Fla.:
Rosa nitida, Mass. Over winters. Fly May. Oval, white bloom, hard, plate 5, 100.
Rhodites carolina Ash. ’87, p. 133, 148, 2, R. carolina, N. C.
Like ignota but monothalamous.
Rhodites roszefolize Ash. 90, p. 13-14, 2, R. arkansana, Colo.: Gill. ’90, Colo.
Small, disc-like; on leaves.
Rhodites variabilis Bass. 790.
Reniform; on twigs and leaves. (See page 22.)

GALLS ON CINQUE-FOIL (Potentilla)
Gonaspis potentille Bass. 64, p. 689-690 (Diastrophus), 3 2, P. canadensis, Mass., Conn. Late
May. Beut. Cat. ’04, N. Y., N. J. C
P. canadensis, Mass., R. I. Over winters. Globular in axils, plate 3, 63.
Diastrophus minimus Bass. ’00, p. 325-326, 7 ?, P. canadensis, Mass.
Blisters on stems.
Diastrophus niger Bass. ’00, p. 324-325, 7 2, P. canadensis, Fragaria (?), Mass. Early June.
P. canadensis, Mass. Over winters. Stem swollen, plate 8, 83.
Diastrophus fusiformans Ash. ’90, p. 13, 2, Colo.
Slight stem swelling.

GALLS ON RASPBERRY OR BLACKBERRY (Rubus)
1. On THE Roots:

Diastrophus radicum Bass. ’70, p. 98-99, 7 @, R. villosus, Conn.: Gill. ’89, Raspberry, Mich.;
fly, late May: Beut. ’04, R. occidentalis, N. Y.:
Rubus strigosus, R. canadensis, Mass., R. I. Irregular in size, plate 5, 155.

2. At THE CROWN:

Diastrophus bassetti Beut. Cat. 92, p. 248-249, pl. 9, fig. 7, &, R. canadensis (?), N. J.: Beut.
04, R. canadensis, N. Y.:
R. canadensis, R. 1., Mass. Globular; near ground, plate 3, 99.

3. On STEMS:

A. Mossy excrescences—

Diastrophus cuscuteformis O.S. ’63, p. 39-40, o@, “Blackberry,” Md.: Harvard Coll., R. val-
losus, Md., Mass.: Beut. 04, N. Y.: Cat., R. villosus, N. J.: Ash. 96, Nebr.: Cook
05, R. villosus, Ind.: Walsh ’64, Ill.: Webster, Ohio.
R. villosus, Mass., R. I. Over winters. Fly, late in May, plate 5, 115.

24 CYNIPIDAE

B. Swellings of the stem—
Diastrophus nebulosus O.S. “‘Stettin,’’p. 415 (Cynips, Diastrophus(?)), 2, R. villosus, D. C.: O.S.
63, p. 86-89, o 2, RK. villosus (?), D. C.: Harvard Coll., Raspberry, Quebec, Mass.,
R. villosus, Mass.: Provancher, R. vitis-idea, Quebec: Ash. ’86, R. villosus, Fla.:
Beut., &. villosus, N. J.. N. Y.: Cook ’05, R. villosus, Ind.: Riley ’70, Mo.: Riley
68, Ohio: Webster 792, Gite:
R. villosus, R. 1., Mass.; R. strigosus, Mass.; over winters; fly, late May, plate 5, 117.
Diastrophus turgidus Bass. ’70, p. 99-100, 2, R. strigosus, Conn.
R. strigosus, Mass. Over winters. All around stem, plate 5, 85.
Diastrophus kincaidii Gill. ’93b, p. 110, 7% 2, R. nutkanus, Wash.

COMPOSIT A

GALLS on Witp Lerruce (Lactuca-Mulgedium)

1. No visible gall, merely larval cells in the pith:
Aulacidea mulgedicola Ash. ’97, p. 133 (Aulax), 7 2, M. acuminatum, D.C. Jan., Feb.
Aulacidea bicolor Gill.t

2. Swellings of the stem:
A. Not pithy—
Aulax podagre Bass. ’90, p. 91-92, 7 @, L. canadensis, Conn.
Lactuca, Mass., R. J. Over winters. Fly, May, plate 2, 116.

Aulacidea.
B. Pithy—

Aulax tumida Bass. ’90, p. 92, 72, Conn. Beut., L. canadensis, N. Y.
Mass. Over winters. Fly in May, plate 5, 133.
Aulacidea podagrae Bass.
*Antistrophus leavenworthii Bass. 00, p. 310, 7 2, Va. Over winters. Spring.
Aulaz.

GaLL on GoupEN-Rop (Solidago)

Aulacidea solidaginis Girault ’03, p. 323-324, fig. 7 9, S. species, Va. Over winter. June 2-8.
Stem swollen.

Aulacidea tumida Bass.

GALL ON PRENANTHES

Aulax nabali Brodie ’92, p. 12-13, 7 2, Nabalus altissimus, Toronto. Winters.
P. serpentaria, Mass. Over winters. Fly, late May.
Aulacidea.
GALL ON SONCHUS

Aulax sonchicola Ash. ’97, p. 134, 79, S. oleraceus, Can., Ns ©. June.
Abrupt swelling at top of. stalks.
Aulacidea tumida Bass.

GALL on DanpeEtion (Taraxacum)

Gillettia taraxaci Ash. ’97b, p. 69, 1 @, T. dens-leonis, Minn.
Mar. 31. Petiole swollen.

Aulaz.

* The synonymy in Aulax and Aulacidea is that of Beutenmuller, 1910, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 28:137-44, 253-58.

AMERICAN Insect GALLS: THOMPSON 25

GALL ON SILPHIUM

A. Cells in the pith; no gall—
Aulax rufus Gill. 91, p. 195-196, pl. 9, fig. 4 (Antistrophus), 7 2, Til.
S. laciniatus (?), S. perfoliatum, S. terebinthinaceum, S. integrifolium).
Antistrophus minor Gill. 91, p. 196, 2, 8. laciniatum, Ill.
Aulazx gillettet Kieff.

B. Gall, abrupt swelling at tip of stalks—

Aulax silphii Gill. ’91, p. 192-194, pl. 9, fig. 1-2 (Antistrophus), 7 9, S. integrifolium, S. perfolia-
tum. Ill. Winters. May—June.
Aulazx leavenworthii Bass.

C. Gall on the receptacle of flower-head—

Antistrophus laciniatus Gill. 91, p. 194-195, pl. 9, fig. 3, 7 2, S. laciniatum, Il.
Aulax.

GALL ON AMBROSIA

Aulax ambrosiazcola Ash. ’97, p. 134-135, & 2, Ambrosia species. “Mo. Cells in pith (?).
Aulacidea.

GALL on LYGODESMIA

Antistrophus pisum Walsh ’70, p. 73-74, fig. 47, 79, L. juncea, Neb. Winters. Mid-May.
Gill. ’89, L. juncea, Colo.
Pea-shaped on stem.
Aulaz.

ERICACER

Gat on Vaccinium (Gaylussacia)

Solenozophoria vaccinii Ash. ’87, p. 149, 2, Huckleberry, Fla. Winters. Late Feb. O. S.
“Stettin,” p. 416, Gaylussacia dumosa, D. C.
Low and high-bush blueberry, Mass. Winters. Reniform; on twigs, plate 3, 34.

ASCLEPIADALES

GALL ON STEPHANOTIS

Asclepiadiphila stephanotis Ash. ’97c., p. 263, 9, Stephanotis species, Ore., Mo.
Monothalamous; pea-shaped on stem.
Aulax pisum

LABIATA

GALL ON NEPETA

Liposthenus glechome Linn. 10 ed. Syst. Nat. (Cynips), N. hederacea, Hartig. 1841 (Aulax);
2 = Diastrophus similis Bass. ’81, p. 95-96, °. N. glechoma, N. Y. (See Mayr
1902.)
Globular, axillary. Introduced.
Aulax

q. aciculata

affinis
q. agrifolize

q. aquatica
q. arbos

batatus
q. batatoides
bella

bicolor
q. californica

q. capsuala
capsula

q. catesbei
q. centricola
cicatricula
q. cinerea

cinerosa
q. citriformis

chrysolepidicola

q. clavigera
clavula

. confluentus
. coelebs

. coccineze

- confusa

. conifera
cornigera
corrugis

Ccoxii

(?) decidua

2 2 2 2 2

dichlocerus
dimorphus

CYNIPIDAE

Part II. CLASSIFICATION BY GENERA

CYNIPS (Hartig ’40)

First Drscriprion

O.8. ’61, p. 56

Bass. ’81, p. 103
Bass. 81, p. 53

Ash. ’81, p. XVI
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 809

Fitch 5 Rept., p. 810
Ash. 81, p. X
Bass. ’81, p. 98

Harr. 741, p. 399
Bass. ’81, p. 51

Ash. 785, p. IX
Bass. ’81, p. 101-102

Ash. ’81, p. XV
O.8. 61, p. 58
Bass. ’81, p. 101
ASI, (SIL, D, XIDK

Bass. ’81, p. 110
Ash. 81, p. XXVIII
Ash. 797, p. 124

JNSIts WSil,. j9), ROK WAL

Bass. ’64, p. 685 tuber O. 8.

65, p. 351
Harris ’41, p. 397
0.8. 61, p. 60
O.8. 762, p. 248
Ash. ’81, p. XVIII
Ash. ’81, p. XXVII
O. 8. 62, p. 251
Bass. ’81, p. 109
Bass. ’81, p. 112
Bass. ’64, p. 689

Harr. 741, p. 399
Gill. ’89, p. 186

Synonomy, Hosts

? =Amphibolips confluentus. (Fall gen-
eration.)

o 2 =Neuroterus vesiculus.

? =Callirhytis (Mayr 81). (O. S. stro-
bilana.) 2

o 2 = Dryophanta.

fly=Callirhytis clavula. Bass: fly is a
Ceroptres.

? = Neuroterus (Mayr ’81).

? =Andricus (Ash. ’85).

2 =Dryophanta (Dalla Torre, Cresson.
Mayr ’81) (Andricus Ash.).

? =Rhodites (O. 8. ’63).

? =(Callirhytis Cresson, Ash. 87)
(Andricus Mayr) (Both Andricus
and Callirhytis Ash. ’85).

? =Andricus (Ash. ’87).

o 2 =(Callirhytis Ash.) (Holeaspis Cres-

son) (Andricus Mayr).

o 2 = Neuroterus.

2 = Holeaspis.

o& 2 =Andricus.

9 =Amphibolips.
Holeaspis

? =Andricus (Ash. ’85).

9° =Amphibolips.

2 Q. chrysolepis. Cal. Winters. Jan.,
Feb. Stem swollen.

? =Callirhytis (Andricus Ash. 87, ’85).

? =Callirhytis Mayr. No description,
only name proposed.

o 9 =Amphibolips.

o’ = Amphibolips.
? =Amphibolips confluentus.
2 = Dryophanta.
? =Andricus (Ash. ’87).
? =Callirhytis (Ash. ’85).
2 =Holeaspis.
9 =Andricus (Ash. ’85).
. bicolor and Red oaks, Conn., R. is
Mass., D. C. Seed-like on leaf.

o 2 =Rhodites (O.S. 63).

? (n. d.) Q. prinus, Q. macrocarpa Mich.
Q. bicolor. Small, fleshy; clustered
on leaf.

q. echinus

q. erinacei
q. ficigera
q. ficus

q. ficula
flavicollis
q. flocci
floccosa

q. foliata
q. formosa

q. forticornis

(?) q. frondosa

(?) q. frondosa

q. fuliginosa

q. fusiformis

q. futilis

q. gemmaria

q. gemula

(?) glandulosus

q. hirta
ignota

ilicifolize

. inanis

. irregularis
. juglans

. lana

. lanigera
majalis

212 02 212 12

mamma

. mammula
. medullze
?) mellaria

2 2 2

—

minuta

q. minutissima
q. modesta
nebulosus

Amprican Insect GALLs: THOMPSON 27

0.8. °70, p. 56

Walsh 764, p. 483
Ash. 785, p. V
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 812

Bass. ’81, p. 75
Ash. 797, p. 128
Walsh 764, p. 482
Bass. ’81, p. III
Ash. ’81, p. XII
Bass. 764, p. 679

Walsh 764, p. 489

Bass. 764, p. 688-689

Walsh ’70, p. 72-73

Ash. 785, p. VII
O.S. ’61, p. 61
O.S. 61, p. 63

Ash. 785, p. IX
Bass. ’81, p. 104
Riley ’77, p. 577-578

‘

Bass. ’64, p. 687
Bass. ’81, p. 106

Bass. 64, p. 681
O.S8. 761, p. 58

O.5. 761, p. 65

O.S8. 762, p. 255-256
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 814
Ash. ’81, p. XIII
Bass. 764, p. 682

Walsh ’69, p. 102

Bass. ’81, p. 76

Ash. ’85, p. VIII

Riley Amer. Ent. 3, p. 298

Bass. 781, p. 96

Ash. ’85, p. VII

O.S. ’61, p. 65

O.S. “Stettin,” p. 415
(Diastrophus)

Q Q. agrifolia, Cal.
on leaf.
Q (n. d.)=Acraspis (Mayr ’81).
2 =Holeaspis.
9 Gall =Xanthoteras forticornis; fly is a
Ceroptres.
Biorhiza forticornis Walsh

Globular, crystalline

2 =Holeaspis spongiosa Bass.
2 Til. (?) Gall unknown.
9 =Andricus (Mayr ’81).
9 =Neuroterus (Mayr ’81).
9 =Andricus (Ash. ’85).
2 =Andricus (Cresson, Ash. ’87). Amphi-
bolips (Ash. ’85).
9 =Xanthoteras (Ash. ’97b).
Biorhiza
Q. prinoides, Mass., Conn., D. C., Mo:
Winters from June. June. Bud
capsule and rosette of leaves.
Q. alba and Q. macrocarpa, Ill. Win-
ters. Like above.
@ =Amphibolips (Ash. ’85).
@ =Andricus (Ash. 85).
3 =Callirhytis (Mayr).
Q@ =Andricus (Ash. ’85).
& 9 =Dryophanta (Mayr ’81).
Q. alba and Q. prinus groups of oak.
Mo., Mass., Pa. Forms in summer
and over winters. (?) Seed-like cap-
sule in acorn-cup.
Q =Biorhiza (Ash. ’85).
9 =Andricus (Mayr ’81). Dryophanta
(Dalla Torre, Ash., Cresson).
3! @ =Amphibolips (Ash. ’85).
=Amphibolips (Ash. ’85).
o' = Neuroterus (Ash. ’85).
Q. alba, Md., D.C. Fleshy; on cupule.
fly, Gall=Andricus flocei; fly is a Synergus.
9 =Andricus (Ash. ’85).
o'9 =Neuroterus (Mayr) = Dolichostropus
(Ash.).
9 (?) = Holeaspis.
o’ 2 =Loxaulus (Mayr ’81).
© =Andricus (Ash. ’85).
Q. undulata, Colo.
twig bullet-gall.
Holeaspis perniciosa Bass.

(?) Subglobular

o' 2 = Neuroterus.

9 = Neuroterus.

9 =Callirhytis (Ash. ’85).
3’ 2 =Diastrophus (0.8. ’63).

28

nigre
nigricens

q. notha
noxiosa
nubila

. nubilipennis

. omnivora

. operator
. operatola

q. palustris

q. papillatus
q. papula
pattoni

q. petiolicola

pezomachoides

q. phellos

q. pilule

piger “(pigra)”

q. pisum

q. pomiformis

q. podagrze
prinoides

prunus
q. punctatus
q. racemaria
rileyi

rugosa

seminator

. Scitula

- sculptus

. Similis

. Singularis
- Spongifica
strobilana

OO 2 2 2

q. suttonii

q. succinipes
tenuicornis
q. tuber

q
q
q. osten-sackenii
q
q

CYNIPIDAB

0.8. 61, p. 66
Gill. ’89, p. 217-218, 221

O.8. 770, p. 55
Bass. ’81, p. 108
Bass. ’81, p. 56
Harr. ’41, p. 398
Ash. ’85, p. VI
Bass. ’63, p. 327
O.8. ’62, p. 256
Bass. ’73, p. 91

OS. “Gil, p. G2

O.S. 61, p. 64
Bass. ’81, p. 107
Bass. ’81, p. 98
Bass. 763, p. 324
O.8. 62, p. 250

O.8. 61, p. 70
Walsh ’64, p. 481

Bass. ’81, p. 105
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 818

Bass. ’81, p. 74
Walsh ’64, p. 323
Beut. Cat., p. 257-258

Walsh ’69, p. 104, fig. 80, 81
Bass. 63, p. 323

Ash. ’81, p. XX VI

Bass. ’81, p. 149

Bass. ’81, p. 100

(Ash. ’81, p. XVIII
Harr. 741, p. 399
Bass. 764, p. 683
Bass. ’63, p. 324
Bass. ’64, p. 685
Bass. ’63, p. 326
O.8. 62, p. 244
O.8. 62, p. 254

Bass. 81, p. 54
NSN, Bil, jo. Il
Bass., ’81, p. 92
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 806

o =Callirhytis (Ash. ’85).

2 Q. bicolor, Mich. Summer. Late
fall. Cone-shaped; clustered on
leaves.

o" 2 (?) = Dryophanta palustris.
o ° =Neuroterus (Mayr ’81).

? =Dryophanta (Mayr ’81).
o 9 =Amphibolips (Ash. ’85).

2 = Holeaspis.
o' 9 =Andricus (Mayr ’81).

o' =Calliryhtis (Mayr ’81).

? =Callirhytis. Agamous generation of
C. operator. ‘ :

o& 2 =Dryophanta or Callirhytis. (See Cal-
lirhytis.)

o' =Callirhytis (Ash. ’85).

2? = Dryophanta.

9 =Andricus (Ash. ’85).

o 9 =Andricus (Mayr ’81).

9 =Acraspis (Mayr ’81)

Philonix

2 (?)=Andricus clavula (Neuroterus Ash.
*87, Cresson).

=Cecidomyid gall.

Cincticornia

2 =Andricus.

2 =Acraspis pezomachoides.
Philonix

2 =Andricus.
2 =Callirhytis punctatus.
2 Q. prinoides, N. J. Late summer. (?)
Globular, pointed facets on leaf.
Philonix
2 =Amphibolips.
9 =Callirhytis (Mayr ’81).
2? =Amphibolips.
2 =Neuroterus (Mayr ’81).
2 =Holeaspis (Mayr ’81).
H. globulus Fitch
9 =Andricus.)
o 2 =Callirhytis (Mayr ’81).
o 2 =Callirhytis (Mayr ’81).
o 2 =Amphibolips.
o @ =Callirhytis (Mayr ’81)
o 2 =Andricus (Mayr ’81).
o& 2 =Amphibolips confluens.
2 =Q. bicolor, Q. palustris, Q. macro-
carpa, Mass., N. Y., Mich., Pa.,
Md., Mo. Cluster on twigs.
? =Callirhytis (Mayr ’81).
2 =Holecaspis.
? =Bassettia (Ash. ’87).
9 =(?) Neuroterus batatus; fly is a
Ceroptres.

tuberculosa
_q. tubicola

q. turneri
tumifica

q. utricula

q. ventricosa

q. verrucarum
vesicula

q. virens
washingtonensis

sulcatus
agrifolize
aquatice
celle
ceropteroides

clavula

clarkei

cornigera

crassicornis
fruticola

futilis.

lasius

modesta

nigra

American Insect Gaus: THOMPSON 29

O.S. “Stettin,” p. 415
Rhodites (?)
O.S. ’61, p. 60
Ash. ’81, p. XVI
O.S. 765, p. 356
Bass. ’81, p. 78
Bass. 764, p. 681
O.8 61, p. 61
Bass. ’81, p. 97
Ash. ’81, p. IX-X
Gill. ’94, p. 235

oc 2 =Rhodites vernus O. S.

2 =Andricus (Mayr ’81).

@ =Andricus (Ash. ’85).
2 =Callirhytis (Mayr ’81).
o 2 =Andricus (Ash. ’85).

9 =Andricus (Ash. ’85).

Q=
VS

Neuroterus.
Neuroterus (Mayr ’81).

Q@ =Andricus (Ash. ’85).
9 Q. garryana Wash. Small galls clus-

tered on twigs.

ANDRICUS s. g. CALLIRHYTIS

Ash. ’97, p. 123

Bass. ’81, p. 53 (Cynips)
Ash. ’87b, p. 144

Ash. ’87b, p. 141

Bass. ’00, p. 324

Bass. ’64, p. 685 (C. tuber),
O.S. 765, p. 35

O.S. ’61, p. 70

Bass. 90, p. 79

. 762, p. 251 (Cynips)
. 65, p. 358

Ash. ’97, p. 130
F. Can. vol. 2, p. 548
Ash. 797, p. 131

O.S. ’61, p. 63 (Cynips)

Ash. 97, p. 132

O.S. 61, p. 65 (Cynips)

0.8. ’61, p. 66 (Cynips)

e)

9

oe

Q. virens, Ariz. Spring. Rounded
on petiole.

Q. agrifolia, Cal. Dec. Globular
bullet-gall. (3-4 in.)

Q. aquatica, Fla. Spring, Excentric
swelling on twig.

Q. laurifolia, Fla. Swelling along
mid-vein.

Q. tinctoria, Conn. Cells near new
growth in old wood of twigs.

Q. alba, S. N. E., Iowa, Pa., Mo., N.Y.,
Mich., D. C. Summer. Late fall.
Monothalamous club-gall.

Q. ilicifolia, Mass. Spring. Aments
become mass of cells.

Q. palustris, Q. imbricaria, Q. rubra,
Q. nigra, Q. ilicifolia. Conn., Mass.
Mich., N. Y., D. C:, Mo. Forms
in spring. Potato-gall with pro-
jecting tubes.

Quercus sp. Imbedded in twig.

Conical bullet-gall.

Q. tinctoria, Mo. Winters. Early
Apr. Cells in pulp of acorn.

Q. alba, Q. stellata, Mass., N.Y., D. C.,
Conn., Mitch. Late spring. July.
Round gall (2-3 cells) in tissue of
leaf.

Q. chrysolepis, Cal. Winter. Cells
on leaf under wool and bound to-
gether.

Q. rubra, D. C. Late June. Round
gall in tissue of leaf.

Q.- nigra, Q. rubra, D. C. Late June.
Swelling of mid-vein by hard matter.

30

operator

operatola
papillatus
parvifolize

pilula

pulchra
punctatus

pusulatoides

palustris

radicis
reticulata
rhizoxenus
ruginosus

scitula

seminator

seminosus

similis

suttonii

0.58.

Bass. ’73, p. 91, ’00, p. 315

CYNIPIDAR

’62, p. 256 (Cynips)

Riley ’73, p. 519

OFS:

’61, p. 64 (Cynips)

Ash. ’87b, p. 138

Bass.

Bass.

Bass.

Bass.

O.S.

Bass.

Bass.

90, p. 77

90, p. 73

63, p. 823 (Cynips)

90, p. 74

’61, p. 62 (Cynips)

’89b, p. 237

90, p. 74

Ash. ’97, p. 132

Bass.

Bass.

Harr.

Bass.

190, p. 75

64, p. 683 (Cynips)

’41, p. 399 (Cynips)

90, p. 76

s. 64, p. 685 (Cynips)

’81, p. 54 (Cynips)

we

oi 2

ot 2

of 2

oe}

o 2

Q. nigra, Q. ilicifolia, Q. palustris,
Mass3 Rh. 3) Conn. Ds7C) ll
Mid-May. June. Cells and wool
on twigs in spring.

Q. ilicifolia, Mass., Conn. Late sum-
mer. Spring. Cells in acorn-cup.

Agamous gall of operator.

Q. prinus, Q. coccinea, Conn., Mass.,
N. Y., D. C., Mich. Late spring.

Late June. Round gall in tissue of
leaf.

Q. parvifolia, Fla. Abrupt gallon
mid-vein.

Q. undulata, Utah. Globular, thin-
walled gall on leaf margin.

Q. rubra, Q. tinctoria, Mass. Late
May. Early June. Globular, green,
fleshy; on aments.

Red and Black oaks, N. Y., Mich.,
Ill., Conn., Mass. Winters. Apr.
Potato-gall.

Q. coccinea, Conn. Globular, hollow,
free kernel.

Various oaks especially red group,
Mass., R. I., Conn., Canada, IIl.,
Ind., N. Y., D. C. Early spring.
Late May. Globular, hollow, free
kernel.

Dryobhanta

Q. alba, Conn.
gall.

Q. virens (?), N. Mex.
_on mid-vein.
Q. virens, Ariz.

gall.

Q. virens (?), N. Mex.
gall; polythalamous.

Q. rubra, Q. tinctoria.
Iowa, Mich. Spring.
becomes ovoid gall.

Q. alba, Q. prinus, Q. bicolor, Mass.,
Red.) N= ¥.; Inds) Michy Plessis.
Spring. Late June. Cells on twigs
and wool.

Q. castanea (?). Ohio.
Potato-gall of twig.

Q. ilicifolia, Q. stellata, Q. nana, S.
N. E., N. Y., N. J. Over winters.
Harly summer. Monothalamous
club.

Quercus sp., Cal.
concealed tubes.

Spring root blister
Abrupt gall
June, July. Root
Twig potato-

Mass., Conn.,
Branch

Cellulose;

Potato-gall with

saccularius

tuberosa
tumifica

vaccinifolize

apicalis
ashmeadii
aztecus
batatoides
blastophagus
calycicola
capsualus
capsula
californicus
cellularius
chinquapin
chrysolepidis
cicatriculus
cinerosus
cinnamomeus
clavigerus
congregatus
coniferus
coxii

cryptus

AMERICAN INsEcT GALLS: THOMPSON 31

Bass. ’90, p. 76 & Q. cotcinea, Conn. Conical, thin-
walled, free kernel.

2 Q. ilicifolia, Q. nana, Q. imbricaria,
Ohio, Mass.,Conn. Branch=ovoid
gall.

3&9 Q. alba, Q. tinctoria, Q. rubra, Mass.,
N. Y., Ind. Spring. Late June.
Swollen mid-vein.

Ash. ’97, p. 130 @ Q. vaccinifolia (?) Cal. Late fall.

Large, filamentous oak-apple.

Bass., 700, p. 311

0.8. ’65, p. 356 (Cynips)

s. g. ANDRICUS

Ash. 797, p. 120 9 QQ. wisliceni, Cal. Root-gall.

Bass. ’00, p. 320-321 @ (Q. bicolor) Apr. 23. Gall unknown.

Cameron ’97, p. 261 @ (Mexico).

Nein, Sil, fo, GNCOE Se AYA 9 Q. virens, Fla., D. C. Potato gall

259) (Cynips) of twigs.

Ash. ’87, p. 143 Q Q. cinerea, Fla. Spring. May. Cells
oval, crowded on swollen aments.
Cell in bud.

2(?) Q. laurifolia, Fla. Winters. Feb.

2 Q. catesbei, Q. cinerea, Fla. Apr.
Next spring. Ovate, chambered
bullet-gall.

Bass. 781, p. 101 (Cynips) 2 Q. bicolor, Conn. June. Pedicelled

gall on leaf

Ash. ’87, p. 141
Ash. ’85, p. [IX (Cynips)

Bass.’81, p. 51 (Cynips) 2 Quercus species, Cal. Oct. Sub-
globular, polythalamous bullet-gall.

Gill. ’92, p. 247 2 Q. undulata, Colo. Late May. Cells
in buds.

Fitch 5 Rept., p. 820 (Figites) @ Q. prinoides, N.Y. May. Pedicelled
gall on leaf.

Ash. 797, p. 119 9 Q. chrysolepis, Cal. Jan. Bullet-
gall (?).
Bass. ’81, p. 101, 790, p. 80 2 Q. alba, Q.prinus, Q. prinoides, Conn.,
(Cynips) Mass., R. I. Spring. Late June.
Sudden gall on mid-vein.
Bass. 781, p. 110 (Cynips) 9 Quercus, Tex. 3-4 in. bullet-gall.
Ash. ’87b, p. 187 9 Q. parvifolia, Fla. Apr. (trans-

formed). Cell in buds.

Ash. ’81,.p. XX VI (Cynips) 2 Q. laurifolia, Fla. Early May. Pota-
to-gall with honey-secreting tube.

Ash. ’97, p. 120 9 Q. chrysolepis, Q. agrifolia, Cal.
Pedunculate on twigs.

Ash. ’81, p. XXVII (Cynips) @ Q. phellos, Q. laurifolia, Fla. Sessile,
cone-shaped oak bullet.

Bass. ’81, p. 112 (Cynips) 9 Quercus species, Ariz. May 919.
Swelling of twig.

Ash. ’87b, p. 145, 00, p. 320 @ Q. catesbei, Fla. May. Cells under
bark of twigs.

32

oryataliinge
difficilis
dasydactyli
exiguus

excavatus

femoratus

flocci

floridanus

foliaformis

foliatus
formosus
frequens
fusiformis
gemmarius
gibbosus
howertoni

ignotus
imbricarize

incertus
infuscatus

indistinctus
kingi
lanigerus
maxwelli

medullz

CYNIPIDAE

Bass. ’00, p. 319
Ash, ’87, p. 143

Ash. 797, p. 117

Q

2

1@

Bass. ’00, p.. 333, 318, 319 7°

(Neuroterus)
Ash. ’97, p. 121
Ash.’87, p. 141

Walsh ’64, p. 482 (Cynips)

Ash. ’87b, p. 137

Gill. ’89, p. 214

Ash. ’81, p. XII (Cynips)
Bass. ’64, p. 679 (Cynips)
Gill. 792, p. 247 )
O.S. ’61, p. 61 (Cynips)
Ash. ’85, p. VIII (Cynips)
Prov. ’81, p. 232-233
Bass. ’90, p. 82

Bass. ’00, p. 317-318
Ash. 797, p. 122

Bass. ’00, p. 317
Ash. ’87, p. 144

Bass. ’90, p. 81

Bass., ’00, p. 316

Ash. ’81, p. XIII (Cynips)
Bass.’90, p. 83

Ash. ’85, p. VIII (Cynips)

2

Q

oi ©

oi

Q. agrifolia (?), Cal. Globular; of
crystalline texture.

Q. cinerea, Fla. Aug., Sept. 1-10 in.
clustered bullet-gall. (Very scaly.)

Q. chrysolepis, Cal. Jan. Large cell
on twig covered with wool.

Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Spring. Cells
among florets of aments.

Q. rubra, N. E., N. C. Winters.
June. 5-6 mm. Bullet-gall in
fissures.

Q. tinctoria, Q. rubra, Fla., Ind.
Globular, small, fibrous oak-apple.

White oaks, Ill., Iowa, Mich., D. C.,
N. Y., Mass. Winters. Spring.
Cells covered by wool; on leaf.

Q. parvifolia, Fla. Polythalamous
twig club.

Q. alba, Mich. Early summer (?).
Late May. Fleshy, flower-shaped
gall on leaf.

Q. virens, Fla.
rosette of leaves.

Q. rubra, Conn. Winters. Spring.
Ovate, chambered bullet-gall.

Q. undulata, Colo. May 10. Potato-
gall.

Q. alba, Md., D. C., Canada. May.
Pedicelled on leaf.

Q. cinerea, Fla. Spring. Spring of
next year. Small galls clustered
on twig.

(Quebec)

Quercus species, N. Mex.
thalamous club-gall.

(New species) Conn.

Q. ilicifolia, Q. imbricaria, Mo. Sept.,
Oct. Small bullet-gall; hard cluster.

(Q. bicolor, Apr. 28) (Gall unknown).

Q. catesbei, Fla. Winters. March.
Cells on leaf under wool.

Q. alba, Ohio. Small, thin-walled
bullet-gall.

Q. alba (?), Cal. Conical on leaf.
Hollow with cell within.

Q. virens, Fla. 2-6 cells on leaf under
wool.

Quercus species, Tex. Apr. Polythal-
amous gall; woody bullet-gall (?).

Q. cinerea, Fla. Gradual enlargement
of twig.

Cell in bud and

Mono-

(?) mexicanus

morrisoni

murtfeldtze

obtusilobe

osten-sackenii

pacificus
parmula

patiens
pattoni

perditor

perplexus

petiolicola

piger

pomiformis

piperoides

pruinosus

pulchellus
quercifoliz

quinqueseptum

rileyi
rugosus

saltatus
singularis

speciosus

3

Bass.

«Ash.

Ash.

Bass.
Bass.

Ash.
Bass.

Bass.
Bass.

Ash.

Bass.

Bass.

Amprican Insect GALLS: THOMPSON 33

90, p. 78 Quercus species, Mex. Polythala-
mous gall under wool on leaf.

97, p. 116 o'2 Quercus, Ariz. Late June. Poly-
thalamous, abrupt gall at base of
leaf-blade.

“\r/a jo}, LAl7/ 2 Quercus species, Mo. (?) Irregular,
polythalamous bullet-gall.

700, p. 316 Q (New species) (Conn.).

63, p. 327 (Cynips)

97, p. 118
700, p. 312

00, p. 312-313
81, p. 98 (Cynips)

. 00, p. 313
97, p. 122

’ 63, p. 324 (Cynips)
., 81, p. 105 (Cynips)
. 781, p. 74 (Cynips)

. 700, p. 314

. 700, p. 311

00, p. 314
*85b, p. 299

. 85b, p. 299
2 Ova es Li

. 81, p. XVIII (Cynips) «9

87, p. 142
63, p. 326 (Cynips)

90, p. 81

2 Q.ilicifolia, Q. coccinea, Conn., Mass.,
D. C., Mo. Early summer. Late
June. Small filamentous oak-

apple.
9 Q. chrysolepis, Cal. Small bullet-
gall.

2 Quercus species, Cal. Saucer-shaped
galls beneath leaf.

Q (Q. ilicifolia, spring).
9 Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Winters. Feb.

Cells on leaf under wool.

Q Q. ilicifolia, Conn., Mass.
becomes a gall.

2 Quercus species, Mo. Noy. 5 mm.
Ovoid bullet-gall.

o'@ Various oaks, Mass., Conn., N. Y.,
Ind., Ill., Mich., Iowa, D. C. Late
June. Sudden gall on leaf rib.

Q Q. tinctoria, Q. velutina, Q. rubra.
Mass., Conn., N. Y. July. Late
Sept. Swelling of mid-vein.

9 @Q. agrifolia, Cal. Mar. 1. Poly-
thalamous, globular, bullet-gall on
twigs.

9 Q. rubra, Conn., Mass. Summer and
fall. Second spring after. Woolly
globular galls of leaf; tear mid-rib.

2 Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Small, globular,
thin-walled gall of leaf on aments.

@ (Q. prinoides, Conn.

7 = Dryophanta (Ash. ’8
7 Q. obtusiloba, Fla. July. Rounded,

abrupt, partitioned; on mid-vein.
9 Q. rubra, Mo. Early July. 3 mm.

Thin-walled gall below leaf.

Q. laurifolia, Fla. Late Apr. Hard,
hemispherical gall on leaf.

9 =Trisolenia.

a9 Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Mass., N. Y.,
D. C., Conn., Mich. Early summer.
Late June. Small, filamentous,
oak-apple.

2 Quereus species, Cal. Globular, of

Acorn

).
7)

(oe)

Q

crystalline texture on leaf.

34
spongiola
stropus
topiarius
tubicola
turneri

utriculus

ventricosus

virens

wisliceni

acuminata

badius
caroliniensis

cinerea
citriformis
coelebs

confluentus

cookii
fuliginosa
gainesi

ilicifolize

inanis

CYNIPIDAE
Gill. 94, p. 235 Q
Ash. ’87b, p. 136 9
Ash. ’87b, p. 136 ce)
O.8. ’61, p. 60 (Cynips) Q
Ash. ’81, p. XVI (Cynips) Q

Bass. ’81, p. 78 (Cynips) oa)

Bass. ’64, p. 681 (Cynips) Q

Ash. 781, p. [X (Cynips) Q
Ash. ’97, p. 119 Q

AMPHIBOLIPS
Ash. 797, p. 126 Q
Bass. ’00, p. 323 9)
Bass. ’90, p. 85 Q

Ash. 781, p. XIX (Cynips) Q

Ash. 781, p. XXVIII Q
(Cynips)
O.8. ’61, p. 60 (Cynips) fof

Harr. 741, p. 397, p. 258- o@
254 pl. 8, fig. 9, 10

Gill. 89, p. 220, fig. 6 g

Ash. 785, p. VII (Cynips) Q

Bass. ’00, p. 322

Bass. 764, p. 681 (Cynips) ol 2

> OFS Gil py 58562 pete) me

(Cynips)

+0

Q. garryana, Wash. Nov. Clustered,
polythalamous bullet-galls on twigs.

Q. obtusiloba, Fla. March. Cell in
bud and rosette of leaves.

Q. obtusiloba, Fla. March. 3-5 cells
in bud and a rosette of leaves.

Q. obtusiloba, D. C. Oct. Crystal-
lime, erect tubes on leaf surface.

Q. aquatica, Fla. Spring. Apr. 28.
Cells on aments.

Q. alba, Mass., Conn. June. Globu-
lar, thin-walled gall on margin of
leaf. s

Q. tinctoria, Q. nigra, Q. ilicifolia.
Conn., Mass.; R. I. Late May.
Spring. Conical, hard gall with
cell on twigs.

Q. virens, Fla. Feb. Solid gall with
central kernel; on leaf.

Q. wisliceni, Cal. Oct. Small bul-
let-gall.

QP nigra, Md. D.C) ates simc
Large, oval, spongy oak-apple.

(White oak) (Gall unknown).

Q. obtusiloba (?), N. C. Globular,
‘thin-walled, spongy oak-apple.

Q. cinerea, Fla. Filamentous oak-
apple on twigs.

Q. phellos, Fla. Harly May. Ovoid,
filamentous oak-apple.

@) rubra, DCS News Junesae Vince
June. Pedicelled gall on leaf.
Red and Black oaks, Can., Mass.,
Iaty Wey, Jhayely, JON, 1D). (Ci, Cloaim.,. IN, WC,
(a) Spring, June, o@, (b) spring,
Oct., 9. Large, spongy oak-apple.

Q. rubra, Mich. Ovoid, fibrous oak-
apple in buds.

Q. laurifolia, Fla. 3-10 in. bullet-gall
(?) leaf on twig.

Q. tinctoria (?),'Tex. Fleshy gall on
cupule.

Q. ilicifolia, Q. nana, Q. pumila, Mass.
its Ih (Commis IN); Wo, ING di. enlhy
summer. July. Ovoid, filamentous
oak-apple.

Various oaks especially red groups.
INE Hs NER Yes Inde alll loware DG:
Harly summer. Late June. Large
filamentous oak-apple.

longicornis
melanocera

nubilipennis

palmeri

prunus

racemaria

sculpta

spinosa
tinctorie

trizonata

verna

bicolor
compressum

echini

erinacei

fulvicollis

gillettei

American Insect GALLS:

Bass. ’00, p. 321

Ash. ’85b, p. 299

‘THOMPSON 35

rt

co Quercus species, Tex. Large, ovoid,

2

Harr. ’41, p, 398 (Cynips) cue

Bass. ’90, p. 86

Walsh ’64, p. 104 (Cynips) Q

Ash. ’81, p. XX VI (Cynips) Q

Bass. 763, p. 324 (Cynips) oe

Ash. ’87, p. 141
Ash. ’97, p. 125

Ash. ’97, p. 125

Bass. ’00, p. 321

Gill. 91, p. 197
Gill. ’91, p. 197

Ash. ’87, p. 140

FQ

ACRASPIS

Walsh ’64, p. 483 (Cynips) Q

Fitch 5 Rept., p. 783 (Phil- Q

onyx)

Bass. ’00, p. 323

spongy oak-apple.

Q. aquatica, Fla. June. Ovoid, fila-
mentous oak-apple on twigs.

Q. rubra, Mass., N. Y., Ill., Mich.
June. Late June. Succulent, solid;
on leaf.

Quercus species, Mex. Large, spongy
oak-apple.

Q. rubra, Q. tinctoria, Q. nigra, Mass.
R.1., N. Y., Ill., Mich., Iowa. Aug.,
Sept. April often of second year.
Fleshy gall on cupule.

Q. laurifolia, Fla. Forms early May.
Mid-May. Small, succulent, solid;
on leaf.

Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Mass., Iowa,
Ill., Conn., Mich., Ind. June.
Late June. Succulent, solid; on
leaf. —
A. nubilipennis Harr.

Q. laurifolia, Fla. Jan. Small,

globular, prickly, spongy oak-apple.

Q. tinctoria, Oct. Fibrous, com-
pressed, ovate oak-apple.

Quercus species, Ariz. June. Glo-
bular, spongy oak-apple (?) on
aments.

(Q. -ilicifolia, Apr.) Conn. (Gall un-
known).

Oak.
Q. rubra, Iowa. Winters. Wax-like;
3 mm., globular; on leaf.
Philonix
Q. bicolor, Fla. Nov. Spine-tipped
facets; globular; on leaf; 2-celled.
Philonix
(no description) Q. alba, Q. rubra, Colo.,
N. Y., Mich., Ind., Ill. Globular,
spinose; on leaves.
Philonix
(N. Y.) (Gall unknown).
Ash.)
Philonix

Q. alba, Conn., Mich. Solid gall on

(See Bass.,

leaf; kernel in centre.

Philonix niger Gill

36

lanzglobuli

macrocarpe

niger

nigricollis

pezomachoides

politus

undulata

vaccinii

villosus

floridana
gemme
pallida
tenuicornis

colorado
treatz

forticornis

hirta

mellea

nigra
rubinus

CYNIPIDAE

Ash. 787, p. 1389 2 Q. bicolor, Fla. Solid gall on leaf
with kernel in centre.
Philonix

Bass. ’90, p. 84 ? Q. macrocarpa, N. Y., Mich., Ohio,
Towa. .Autumn. Facetted, hard,
globular; on leaf.

Ze Philonix
Gill. 790, p. 23 2 Q. alba, Mich., Iowa. Late Sept.

On leaf; nearly a fibrous oak-apple,
but denser in texture.
Philonix

Fitch 5 Rept., p. 783 (Phil- @ (N. Y.) (Gall unknown).
onyx)
O.8. ’62, p. 250 (Cynips) 2 Q. alba, Q. bicolor, Mass., N.Y., D. C.,
Ind., Mo. June, Sept. Facetted,
globular, bicameral; on leaf.

Philonis,
Bass. 790, p. 85 _(?)2 (Missouri) (Gall unknown).
Philonix
Gill. 798, p. 28 2 Q. undulata, Colo. Facetted, glo-

bular; on leaf.
Philonix macrocarpe Bass.

2 =Zophoteras, Q. obtusiloba, Fla. Clus-
tered, urn-shaped; on leaf.

Q Q. macrocarpa, Mich., Iowa. Sum-
mer (?). Late Oct. Globular, long,
slender spines on leaf.

Philonix

Ash. ’87, p. 136

Gill. ’89, p. 218, 221

BASSETTIA (Ash. ’87)

Ash. ’87, p. 146

Ash. ’97, p. 128

Ash. ’97, p. 128

Bass. ’81, p. 92 (Cynips)
(Ash. ’87, p. 147)

(Apr., Mo.) (Gall unknown).

(Apr., Georgia) (Gall unknown).

Quercus species, Ariz. Fall. Cells
under wogl on leaf bonded to-
gether by a brittle substance.

Q
2
2
g

BELENOCNEMA (Mayr ’81)

Gill. 793, p. 210 2 (Colo., June) (Gall unknown).
Mayr ’81, p. 17 oo? Fla. Root-gall.

BIORHIZA

Walsh ’64, p. 489 (Cynips) 2 = Xanthoteras (Ash. ’97b).
Biorhiza
2 Q. montana, Q. monticola, Q. prinus,
Conn., N. Y.,Md. Nov. Facetted,
globular; on leaf.
2 =Spheroteras (Ash. ’97b).
Biorhiza
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 782 Q (N. Y.) (Gall unknown).
Gill. 789, p. 215, 221 2 = Phylloteras (Ash. ’97b).

Bass. ’64, p. 687 (Cynips)

Ash 89, p. 138

brunneus
maculipennis

globulus

majalis

floridanus

aquaticz
bella
carolina
confusa
corrugis
discus
eburneus
emoryi
gemula

glabra

ignota

lanata

laurifolize

libereecellulee

Amprican Insect GALLs: THOMPSON 37

COMPSODRYOXENUS (Ash. ’97)
Ash. 797, p. 129 2 Quercus, Cal. Oval bullet-gall (?).
Ash. 97, p. 129 Q Q. virens, Ariz. May 9-19. Potato-
gall on twig.

CALLASPIDIA

Fitch 5 Rept., p. 810 2 = Holeaspis.

DOLICHOSTROPUS

Bass. ’64, p. 682 (Cynips) 2 Q. alba, Q. prinus, Q. bicolor, Conn.,
Fla. Spring (?). June. Platform
in leaf-blade. (See Neuroterus.)

DRYORHIZOXENUS (Ash. ’81)

Ash. ’81, p. XXV o& 2 =Belenocnema treatze

DRYOPHANTA

Ash. ’81, p. XVI (Cynips) & 2 Q. aquatica, Fla. Mar. 3-10 in,
globular; hollow, free cell.
Bass. ’81, p. 93 (Cynips) 2 Quercus, Ariz. Small, filamentous
oak-apple.
Q. alba, N. C. Feb. Small gall on
petiole.
Ash. 781, p. XVIII (Cynips) Q Q. laurifolia, Fla. Late April. Glo-
bular, small, free: kernel.

Ash. ’87b, p. 145

+0

Bass. 790, p. 71-72 Q (Aments Q. prinoides, Conn.) (Gall
unknown).

Bass. ’00, p. 326 @ Quercus species, Cal. Disc-like be-
neath leaf.

Bass. 790, p. 70-71 2 Quercus species, Utah. Globular, on
leaf; filamentous oak-apple.

Ash. 797, p. 115 @ Q. emoryi, N. Mex. Dec. On leaf;

small, filamentous oak-apple.
Bass. ’81, p. 104 (Cynips) #2 QQ. prinoides, Conn., Mass. Late
May. Ovoid cell in buds.
Gill. 794, p. 237 2 Q. undulata, Q. gambeli, Colo. Small
filamentous oak-apple on leaf.
D. eburnea Bass.

Bass. ’81, p. 106 (Cynips) 2 Q. bicolor, Conn., Mass. Cells pros-
; trate on leaf under wool.
Gill. 91, p. 198, pl. 9, fig. 5 @ QQ. rubra, Q. coccinea, Q. ilicifolia.

Mass., Iowa, Ill. Winters. Summer.
Cells large, conical under wool on
leaf.

Ash. ’81, p. XVII (Spa- o@Q = Q. laurifolia, Fla. March. Globular,

thegaster) hollow, free kernel.

Gill. ’90, p. 24, fig. 1 o'2 Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Mich., Iowa.
Late May. Round, hollow, free
kernel.

38

longicornis
notha

nubila

palustris
pallipes

papula

parvula
pedunculata

polita

porterze

pumiliventris
pulchripennis
quercifoliz
radicola
rydbergiana
similis

texana
vesiculoides

clarkei

cinerez

floridana

chinquapin

Bass. ’00, p. 327
O.8. 770, p. 55-56 (Cynips)

CYNIPIDAB

Bass. ’81, p. 56 (Cynips)

O.S. ’61, p. 62 (Cynips)
Bass. ’00, p. 327

Bass. ’81, p. 107 (Cynips)

Bass. ’00, p. 326

Bass. ’90, p. 72

Bass. ’81, p. 99 (Cynips)

Cockerell ’00, p. 91

Bass. 790, p. 69

Ash. ’97, p. 115

Ash. ’85b, p. 299 (Andricus)

Ash. 797, p. 116

Cockerell ’03, p. 217

Bass. ’90, p. 71

Ash. ’87, p. 145
Ash. 797, p. 114

Bass. 790, p. 69

Ash. ’87, p. 144

Ash. ’87, p. 147

EUMAYRIA

FIGITES

Fitch 5 Rept., p. 820

2

2

OQ =

2 Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Gall (2).
o& 9 =? Cal. palustris (Globular, hollow free

kernel),
Quercus species, Ariz. On leaf ; wool
long; cells large, clustered.

o& ° =Callirhytis. (See Callirhytis palustris. )

Q. prinoides Conn. Spring. Cell in
bud with few threads around it.
Q. rubra, Q. tinctoria, Q. coccinea.
Mass., Conn., Mich. July. Coni-
cal platform in leaf-blade.
(Q. ilicifolia May. Conn.).
unknown.)

Q. rubra, Q. coccinea. Conn. Pedicelled
gall on leaf.

Q. obtusiloba, Q. minor. N. Y., Pa.,
Md.,N.J. Spring. Clustered, fila-
mentous oak-apples on leaves.

(Gall

Q. undulata. N. Mex. Late Jan.
Spherical, clustered, thin-walled;
on leaf.

D. pulchripennis Ashm.

(Quercus species) Ovoid, polythala-
mous bullet-gall.

Quercus species. Ariz. Apr. Hemis-
pherical; on leaf.

Q. catesbei. Fla.
Hollow, free cell.

Q. alba and(?). Mo., Ind. Late May.
(2).

Spring (?). May.

Q. ryderbergiana, N. Mex. Small,
spongy, oak-apple.

Quercus species. Utah. Globular;
on leaf; filamentous oak-apple.

D. simillina D. T.

(Texas). (Gall unknown.)

Q. obtusiloba, Mo. May. Bladder
in buds.
-D. clarkei Bass.

Q. alba, Mass. Early spring. Cap-

sules fill leaf-bud.
Q. cinerea, Fla. May.
hollow, free kernel.

Conical,

(Fla. March). (Gall unknown.)

Andricus.

AmmRICAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON 39

HOLCASPIS

arizonica
bassetti
brevipennata
canescens
centricola
colorado
corallinus
corrugis
douglasii

duricoria

fasciata

ficigera

- ficula

globulus
maculipennis

monticola

persimilis

perniciosa
rugosa

rubens
omnivora

sileri
succinipes

_ truckeensis

Cockerell ’02, p. 183

Gill. ’89, p. 215, 217, fig. 20,
22 ;

Gill. 798, p. 181

Bass. ’90, p. 66

O.S8. ’61, p. 58 (Cynips)

Gill. ’93, p. 210
Bass. 790, p. 66

Bass. ’81, p. 109-110

(Cynips)
Ash. 97, p. 127

Bass. 790. p. 64

Bass. 700, p. 328

Ash. ’85, p. VI (Cynips)

Bass. ’81, p. 75 (Cynips)

‘

Fitch 5 Rept., p. 810 (Cal-
laspidia)
Gill. 794, p. 236

Gill. 793, p. 30

Ash. 797, p. 126

Bass. 790, p. 68
Bass. ’81, p. 100 (Cynips)

Gill. ’93, p. 29
Ash. ’85, p. VI (Cynips)

Bass. ’90, p. 67
Ash. ’81, p. XI (Cynips)

Ash. ’97, p. 127

Q. arizonica, Ariz. Late Apr. Glo-
bular gall on petiole; at least 2 cells.

Q. bicolor, Mich. Attenuated cone
clustered on twig.

Q. undulata, Colo. Small, filamentous
oak-apple.

Quercus, Cal. Small, ovoid bullet-
gall.

Q. obtusiloba, D. C., Ind. Autumn.
Filamentous oak-apple on leaves.

Colo. Rugose bullet-gall.

Cal. Spiny bullet-gall.

(Q. prinoides Conn.) (Gall unknown.)

Q. douglasii, Cal. Dec. Squash-
shaped bullet-gall.

Various oaks, Mass., R. I, N. Y.,
Conn., Ohio., Mich., Ill. Oct. Ovoid
bullet-gall.

H. mamma Walsh

Q. ilicifolia, Q. rubra, Mass., 1a Lips
Conn. Belted with purple; bullet-
gall.

Q. virens, Fla. Clustered galls like
pressed figs in form.

Q. macroearpa, Fla., Ga. Clustered
galls making a cedar cone structure.

H. spongiosa Karsch

Various oaks, S. N. E., Ind. D. C., IIL,
Mo., Mich. Globular bullet.

Q. wrightii, N. Mex. Small, filamen-
tous oak-apple.

Quercus, Colo. Nov. 1-4 in. Cylin-
dric; in twig (socket).

H. perniciosa Bass

Q. nigra, Nov. 7 mm. Rugose
bullet.

Quercus, Utah. Small, ovoid bullet.

Q. bicolor, Q. prinus, Q. ilicifolia,
Mass., Conn., Fla., Mich. Late

summer. Oct. Rugose bullet-gall.
H. globulus Fitch

Colo. Oct. Oak-bullet.

Q. virens, Q. cinerea, Q. catesbeei,
Fla. Oak-bullet.

Quercus, Utah. Ovoid bullet.

Q. virens, Fla. 1-10 in. Clustered;
bullet-gall.

Q. vaccinifolia, Cal. Polythalamous
bullet-gall in slit of twig.

40

mammula

spicata

affinis

batatus

catesbei

congregatus

consimilis
crassitelus
distortus

dubia
exiguissimus

exiguus
favosus
flavipes

floccosus

fragilis
gillettei
howertoni
irregularis
laurifoliz
longipennis

majalis

CYNIPIDAE

LOXAULUS (Mayr ’81)

Bass. ’81, p. 76 (Cynips) ot 2
Bass. ’00, p. 329 Q

NEUROTERUS
Bass. ’81, p. 103 (Cynips) ot ©)
Fitch 5 Rept., p. 810 of ©

(Cynips)
Ash. ’81, p. XV (Cynips) oi 2
Gill. ’93, p. 166 ofl
Bass. ’00, p. 335 ct ©
Provancher ’81, vol. 12, p. 2
233

Bass. ’00, p. 336 oe
Bass. ’00, p. 335 a Q-
Bass. ’00, p. 332 Q
Bass. ’00, p. 333 oi! ©
Bass. 790, p. 87 of)
Gill. ’90, p. 21 of @
Bass. ’81, p. 111 (Cynips) Q
Bass. ’00, p. 335 of! 2
Bass. ’00, p. 334 of 2
Bass. ’90, p. 90 Q

O. 8. ’61, p. 65 (Cynips)
Ash. ’87, p. 140
Ash. ’87b, p. 140

Bass. ’64, p. 682 (Cynips)

Q. alba, Conn., Mass. July. Cells
under bark; swelling at base of
shoots.

Q. virens, Ariz. Clustered galls like
an ear of corn. ;

Q. prinoides, Conn. Capsule in bud.
N. vesiculus Bass.

Q. alba, Q. bicolor, Q. palustris, D. C.,
Mass., Conn., N. Y. (a) gall win-
ters. May o 2; (b) spring, June
2. Polythalamous twig-club.

Q. catesbei, Fla. Late Apr. Swell-
ings at base of new shoots.

Quercus, Colo. Mid-May. Leaf-bud
becomes a mass of pubescent cap-
sules.

Q. alba, Conn. Mid-summer. Poly-
thalamous twig-club.

(Quebec). (Gall unknown.)

Q. bicolor, Conn. Cells in wood;

dwarfs twigs.

Q. alba, Mass., R. I., Conn. Winters.
Each cell capped with wool in
rows along veins.

N. floccosus Bass.

Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Cells in aments.

Q. tinctoria, Q. palustris, Q. rubra.
Mass., Ohio. Irregular platform
in leaf-blade.

Q. macrocarpa, Iowa. Early July.
Hard swelling of mid-vein.

Q. bicolor, Conn., Mass. Winters.
Spring. Blisters above, woolly
galls below.

Q. virens (?), Cal.
lamina.

Q. obtusiloba, Conn. Mid-vein; pus-
tular swellings.
Quercus, N. Mex.

‘blade.

Platform in

Blisters in leaf-

i? Q. obtusiloba, D. C. Spring. Late

9

2

e=

May. Platform in leaf-blade.
Q. imbricaria, Q. laurifolia, Ohio, Fla.,
Ill. Dise cells on leaf under wool.
Q. laurifolia, Fla. May. Swelling at
base of young twig.
Dolichostropus (Ash. ’87).

4

minuta
minutissimus

nigrum

noxiosus

pallipes
pallidus

perminimus

politus

rileyi

tectus

saltatorius

umbilicatus

vernus

verrucarum

vesicula

virgeus

hubbardi

rubinus

AmERICAN Insect GALLS: THOMPSON 41

Bass. ’81, p. 96 (Cynips) o'2 Q. alba, Conn. Galls in bud aborting
the leaves.

Ash. ’85, p. VII (Cynips) 9 Q. virens, Fla. Spring. Cells on leaf
under wool.
Gill. ’89, p. 218, 221, fig. 5 - 9 Q. alba, Q. macrocarpa, Mass., lowa,

Mich. Winters. May. Blisters
in leaf-blade.

Bass. ’81, p. 108 (Cynips) 2 Q. bicolor, Q. alba, Q. palustris, Q.
platanoides, Conn., R. I., Mass.,
N. Y., Mich. (a) Winters, spring,
o' 2 twig-club; (b) spring, June 9
leaf swollen.

Bass. ’90, p. 89 #2 Q. alba, Mass. Small thin-walled
gall on leaf.

Bass. 790, p. 88 2 Q. bicolor, Conn. Small, globular
gall in aments.

Bass. ’00, p. 332 o 2 Q. alba, Ohio. June, July. Blisters

in leaf-blade.
N. nigrum Gill.
Bass. 790, p. 89 o Q. undulata (?), Utah. Swelling of
mid-vein.
N. quercicola D. T.
Bass. ’81b, p. 149 (Cynips) 2 Q. prinoides, Q. prinus, Q. castanea,
Mass., Conn., Ind., Ohio, Mo.
May, June. Blisters under bark
; giving a swollen twig.
Bass. ’00, p. 331 2 Q. prinoides, Conn. May, June.

Leaf distorted or branch dwarfed.
Edwards ’76 (Cynips) Q. undulata, White oak, Mo. (?)
Jumping gall on leaves.
Bass. ’00, p. 330 2 Q. bicolor, Q. platanoides, N. Y.,

N. J., Mass. Dises with depressed
centre on leaf.

Gill. ’90, p. 22 9 Q. macrocarpa, Iowa (a) May, (b)
June. Ovoid galls in buds amid
aborted leaves.

O.S. ’61, p. 61 (Cynips) 2 (?) Q. obtusiloba, D. C. Late summer.
Hairy galls beneath leaf.

Bass. ’81, p. 97 (Cynips) oe Q. alba, Q. bicolor, Q. macrocarpa,
Mass., Conn., Mich. May. Cap-
sule in buds.

Gill. ’98, p. 166 2 Quercus species, Colo. Early May.
Slight twig swelling.

PARATERAS (Ash. ’97c)
Ash. ’97c, p. 262 Q (Mich.). (Gall unknown.)

PHYLLOTERAS (Ash. ’97b, Psyche, p. 67)
Gill. ’89, p. 215 (Biorhiza) 9 Q. alba, Mich. Fall. Succulent,

solid, spherical gall on leaf.
Biorhiza

42

mellea

forticornis

volutellz

coquilletti

vaccinii

punctata
saltata

radicis
q. laurifolie

bicolor

minor

rufus
silphii

CYNIPIDAB

SPHAEROTERAS (Ash. ’87b, p. 67)

Ash. 87, p. 138 (Biorhiza) 9 Q. parvifolia, Fla. Feb. Small,
solid, fleshy, clustered; on leaf.
Biorhiza

XANTHOTERAS (Ash. ’97c, p. 261-262)

Walsh 64, p. 489 (Cynips) 2 Q. alba, Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
Canada, Mich., Ill., N. H., Va., Mo.,
D. C., Iowa. Appears July and
winters. (Inflated cells making a
fig-like mass on twig.)
Biorhiza

XYSTOTERAS (Ash. ’97c)

Ash. ’97b, p. 260 2 Q.macrocarpa, Kansas. Jan., Coni-

eal, hollow, free Iernel.

TRICHOTERAS (Ash. ’97b)

Ash. ’97b, p. 67 9 Quercus species, Cal. Late Nov.
Small, clustered, filamentous oak-

apple on leaf. (Resembles polita.)
ZOPHOTERAS (Ash. ’97c¢)

Ash. ’87, p. 136 (Acraspis) 2 Q. obtusiloba, Fla., D. C. Winters.
Feb. Urn-shaped galls clustered

under leaf.
TRISOLENIA
Ash. ’97, p. 129 Q (N. J.). (Gall unknown.)
Ash. ’87, p. 142 (Andricus, 2 Q. coccinea, Fla. Mar. Fall. Ovoid
Trisolenia) gall on twigs.

TRIGONASPIS (Hartig)

ANsine “OH, 1D, 6} o 2 Quercus species. Utah. Root-gall.

SPATHEGASTER

Ash. 781, p. XVII o& 2 =Dryophanta.

ANTISTROPHUS (Walsh ’70)
Gill. ’91, p. 197 one

Mulgedium acuminata and Lactuca cana-
COS ING yy ING OC, Jill, 1D), C.
Cells only, no gall in pith
Aulacidea.
9 Silphium laciniatum, Ill. Cells only;
no gall in pith.
Aulax gillettei WKief?.
Gill. 791, p. 195 o 9 =Aulax (Mayr ’02).
Gill. ’91, p. 192 of 2

Gill. ’91, p. 196

Aulax leavenworthi Bass,

ambrosizcola
bicolor
cavicola

(?) futilis
harringtoni
laciniatus

leavenworthii

mulgedicola

nabali
pirata
pisum

podagre

rufipes
rufus

silphii

semipicea
sonchicola

sylvestris

mulgedicola
solidaginis

tumida

Ash.
Gill.
Ash.

O.S.
Ash.
Gill.

Bass.

AMERICAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON 43

97, p. 134

91, p. 200-202

97, p. 134
61, p. 64

87, p. 146
91, p. 194

00, p. 310

(Ash. ’97, p. 133

Brodie ’92, p. 12

OFS:

63, p. 42-43

Walsh ’70, p. 73

Bass.

Cameron ’84, p. 485
Gill. ’91, p. 195 (Antistro-

90, p. 92

phus)

Gill. ’91, p. 192 (Antistro-

phus)

Harr. ’41, p. 400

Ash.

O. 8. 63, p. 37-38 (F. Can.,

97, p. 134

vol 2, p. 551)

Ash. ’97, p. 133 (Aulax)

o&'2@ Ambrosia species, Mo. (?)

Aulacidea.

2
Aulacidea.

@ (Mo., Apr. 30). (Gall unknown.)
Aulacidea.

o = Periclistus.
@ (Canada). (Gall unknown.)

2 Silphium laciniatum, Ill. Summer.
Gall on receptacle.

o&'@ Lactuca species, Va. Winters. Spring.
Stem swollen.

ot 2)

; Aulacidea bicolor Gill.

o& 2 Nabalus, Toronto, Mass. Winters.
Early June. Cells under bark at
crown.

Aulacidea.

o& 2 =(Periclistus). (Prenanthes altissima, P.
serpentaria. )

o&' 2 Lygodesmia juncea, Neb., Colo.
Winters. Mid-May. Pea size on
stems.

o' 2 Lactueca canadensis, Mass., R. L.,
Conn. Winters. May. Stem swell-
ing.

Aulacidea.
Q (Mexico). (Gall unknown.)

o& 2 Silphium, various species, Ill. Cells
only; no gall.

o&@ Silphium, Ill. Winters. Late May.
Swollen stalks at tip.

A. leayvenworthi Bass.
Q@ =Periclistus.
o&'@ Sonchus oleraceus, Canada, N. C.
June. Swelling at top of stalks.
Aulacidea podagre Bass.

o' 2 =Periclistus.

AULACIDEA (Ash. ’97c, p. 68)

Girault ’03, p. 323

Bass.

90, p. 92

o& 2 Mulgedium acuminatum, D.C. Late
Jan. Stem swollen within.
Aulacidea bicolor Gill.

o&'@ Solidago species, Va. Winters.
Harly June. Stem swollen.
Aulacidea podagre Bass.

o'? Lactueca canadensis, Mass., Conn.
N. Y. Winters. May. Stem
swelling.

A. podagre Bass.

44

bassetti

cuscuteformis

glechomz

fusiformans
kincaidii

minimus

niger

nebulosus

piceus
potentillz

quinquecostatus

radicum

scutellaris
similis

turgidus

glechome

potentillz

scutellaris

batatorum

CYNIPIDAE

DIASTROPHUS

Beut. Cat., p. 248) pl. 9, of
fig. 7

OFS=263" ps39 ae
Linne (Cynips) =
Ash. ’90, p. 13 Q
Gill. 793, p. 110 o ©
Bass. ’00, p. 325 of 2
Bass. ’00, p. 324 of)

O. S. “Stettin,” p. 415 (F. of)
Can., vol. 2, p. 550)

Prov. ’87, p. 165 of ¢
Bass. ’64, p. 689 Ci =
Proy. 783, p. 19-20 ol 2
Bass. ’70, p. 98 ot 2
Gill. 791, p. 191 Q=
Bass. ’81, p. 95 =
Bass. ’70, p. 99 2
LIPOSTHENUS
Linne (Cynips) Q

j

R. canadensis, N. Y., N. J., Mass.,

R. I. Gall at crown of stem.

R. villosus, Mass., R. I., Ind., Neb.,
IMIGle, INI Seon ING deg JUN, \Watvanivevact,
Late May. Mossy galls on stem in
belt.

Liposthenus (Ash.).

Aulax

Potentilla species, Colo. Stem swell-
ing.

R. nutkanus, Wash. Stem swelling.

P. canadensis, Mass. Blisters on
stems.

D. niger Bass.

P. canadensis, Mass. Winters. Early
June. Stem swelling.

R. villosus, R. strigosus, R. vitis-idea,
Canada, Mass., R. I., Conn., Ohio,
Mo., D. C., Fla., Ind. Winters.
Late May. Stem swelling.

(Gall unknown). ~

Gonaspis (Ash. ’97b).
gall.)

(Rubus strigosus, Toronto).
unknown.)

Rubus villosus, R. strigosus, Mass.,
Conn., R.1., N. Y., Mich. Winters.
Late May. Root-gall.

Gonaspis (Ash. ’97b).

Liposthenus glechome (Mayr ’02).
(From Nepeta glechoma.)

Aulax glechomee

(Round axil

(Gall

R. strigosus, Conn., Mass. Winters.
Stem swelling.
Nepeta glechoma, Europe, N. Y.

Globular; in axils.
Aulax

~GONASPIS (Ash. ’97b)

Bass. 764, p. 689 (Diastro- of @
phus)

Gill. 791, p. 191-192 (Dias- 2
trophus)
TRIBALIA

Walsh ’64, p. 470 (F. Can., Q
vol. 2, p. 16)

Potentilla canadensis, Mass., R. I.,
Conn., N. Y., N. J. Winters, May,
June. Globular, axillary.

Ill. May. (Gall unknown.)

Rosa species, Ottawa, Ill. Gall on

roots.
Rhodites radicum O. 8.

f

arefactus

bicolor

carolina

dichlocerus

fulgens
fusiformans
globulus

gracilis

ignota

lenticularis

multispinosa
nebulosus

neglecta

_polita

radicum

Tose

rosefoliz
similis

spinosissima
tumidus

American Insect GALLS:

RHODITES

Giil. 94, p. 157

Harr. 741, p. 399 (Cynips)

Ash. ’87, p. 133, 148

Harr. ’41, p. 899 (Cynips)

Gill. 794, p. 159
Ash. 790, p. 14
Beut. Cat., p. 247

Ash. 797, p. 185

O. 8. 63, p. 43-49

Bass. 790, p. 59

‘

Gill. 790, p. 25

Bass. ’90, p. 68

Gill. 794, p. 158

Ash. ’90, p. 14

O.S. 7638, p. 42,46

Linne (F. Can., vol. 2, p.
549)

Ash. ’90, p. 18

Ash. ’97, p. 136

Gill. Bull. lowa Exper. Sta.

Bass. 790, p. 60

Townsend ’95, p. 272, 307

oe

oF ©

oi ©

ol

ot 2

ot ©

op)
on

2
ow?

or ©
opie)

THOMPSON 45

Rosa species, Colo.
swelling.

R. lucida, R. rubiginosa, Canada, Cal.
Ind., Miss., Conn., R. I., Mass.,
Me., Ala. Winters. June. Spiny,
globular; on leaves.

May 23. Stem

R. carolina, N. C. Globular, mealy;
on leaf.
R. ignotus O. 8.
Rosa canina, R. carolina, Mass.,

18, dog IN Woy Jha aller
Early June.
ing.
(Colo., S. D.). (Gall unknown.)
R. arkansana, Colo. Stem swelling.
Rosa carolina, Mass., R. I., Conn.,
N. Y., Ind. Winters. Oval at
tips of stems.
R. globuloides Beutm.

Winters.
Elongate stem swell-

Rosa species. (Mich., Iowa (?). Like
beet seed.) May 7.

R. earolina, R. nitida, Mass., Conn.,
N. Y., Md., Fla., Colo. Winters.
Late May. Globular, mealy; on
leaf.

R. lucida, Mass., N. Y. Dises in leaf
parenchyma.

R. rosefolii Ckll.

Rosa species, Iowa. Spinose stem
swelling.

R. carolina, R. blanda. Globular on
leaves.

Rosa species, Colo., Mich., Iowa.
May. Swelling of stem.

R. californica, Cal., Colo., Dakota,
Wyo. Globular on leaves.

Rosa carolina, ete. Canada, Mass.,
Conn, Ind:, “Colo:, Ohio, N. Y-
Gall on roots.

Various roses, Europe, Eastern and
Southern U. 8. Winters. Early
June. Mossy gall on stems.

R. arkansana, Colo.

Rosa species, Wyo. Reniform on
Twigs. (Like variabilis Bass.)

R. arefactus Gill.

Dises on leaves.

= Rhodites multispinosa.
Rosa species, Utah. End of branch
becomes sort of cone.
= Rhodites bicolor.

46
utahensis
verna
variabilis

tuberculosa

stephanotidis

taraxaci

vaccinii

Andricus davisi

Andricus wheeleri
Andricus coronus

CYNIPIDAE

Rosa species Utah. Gall on roots(?)

(or near ground).

Bass. ’90, p. 62 of

ONSs763u pea co 2 Rosa rubiginosa; R. lucida, DIC TNR.
Oval swellings of stems.
Bass. ’90, p. 61 o’'2 Rosa species, Utah. Reniform on
stems and leaves.
O.8. “Stettin,” p. 415 o& 2 Rosa, species, D. C. Stem gall.
; R. vernus O. §.
ASCLEPIADIPHILA

Ash. ’97e, p. 263 & 2 Stephanotis species, Ore., Mo. Pea-
shaped on stem.

Aulax pisum Walsh

GILLETTIA (Ash. ’97b)

Ash. ’97b, p. 69 #9 Taraxacum densleonis, Minn. Late
March. Swollen petiole.

Aulax

SOLENOZOPHERIA (Ash. ’87)

Ash. ’87, p. 149 2 Various species Vaccinum, Gaylus-
sacia, D. C., Mass., Fla. Winters.
Late Feb. in Fla. Reniform twig

gall.

ADDITIONAL—Beut. ’07b:

o 2, p. 463-464, pl. 37, fig. Q. nana, N. J. Spring. Woody, clus-
1-6 tered, polythalamous.
p. 464, pl. 37, fig. 7-9 2 Q.(?), Ariz. Potato gall.
p. 456-464, pl. 37, fig. 10 2? Q. palustris, Q. aquatica, N. Yo Gas
Spring. Fluted, non-clustered on
stems.

. 2.

Amprican Insect GALLS: THOMPSON 47

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

AsHMEAD, WILLIAM H.
81. On the cynipidous galls of Florida.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 9, 1881, p. IX—XIV, XV-XX, XXIV-— XXVIII.
: 85. On the cynipidous galls of lorida with descriptions of new species.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1885, p. V-IX.
’85b. A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the N. A. Cynipide, with descriptions
of new species.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1885, p. 291-304.
87. On the cynipidous galls of Florida.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 14, 1887, p. 125-158.
~’90. On the Hymenoptera of Colorado.
Bull. Colo. Biol. Assoc. No. 1, 1890, p. 13-14.
97. Descriptions of new cynipidous galls and gall wasps in the United States National
Museum.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1897, p. 113-136.
’97b. Description of some new genera in the family Cynipide.
Psyche, vol. 8, 1897, p. 67-69.
’97c. Description of five new genera in the family Cynipide.
Canad. Entom., vol. 29, 1897, p. 260-263.

Bassett, H. F.

63. Descriptions of several supposed new species of Cynips with remarks on the formation
of certain galls.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 2, 1863, p. 323-333.
64. Descriptions of several new species of Cynips and a new species of Diastrophus.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, 1864, p. 679-691.
70. Galls found on plants of the genus Rubus.
Canad. Entom., vol. 2, 1870, p. 98-100.
81. New species of Cy snails
Canad. Entom., vol. 13, 1881, p. 51-57, 74-79, 92-113.
’81b. Description of a new species of Cynips.
Amer. Nat., vol. 15, 1881, p. 149-150.
89. A short chapter in the history of the Cynipidous gall-flies.
' . Psyche, vol. 5, 1889, p. 235-238.
90. New species of North American Cynipide.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 17, 1890, p. 59-92.
00. New species of North American Cynipide.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 310-836.

BEUTENMULLER, WILLIAM.
92. Catalogue of gall-producing insects found within 50 miles of New York City with
descriptions of their galls and of some new species.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 1892, p. 245-278, pl. 9-16.
07. Notes on a few North American Cynipide with descriptions of new species.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 28, 1907, p. 463-466, pl. 37.

Bropiz, WILLIAM.

92. Canadian galls and their occupants; Aulax nabali n.s.
Canad. Entom., vol. 24, 1892, p. 12-14.

48 CYNIPIDAE

Cameron, P.
’84. Descriptions of new species of Tenthredinidx and Cynipide from Mexico.
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1884, p. 481-488.
97. New species of Hymenoptera from Central America.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 19, 1897, p. 261-276.

CoOcKERELL, T. D. A.
00. A new oak-gall from New Mexico.
Canad. Entom., vol. 32, 1900, p. 91-92.
02. Some gall-insects.
Canad. Entom., vol. 34, 1902, p. 183-184.
03. A new oak-gall.
Canad. Entom., vol. 35, 1903, p. 217-218.

Fircu, Asa.
‘51. 5 Rept. Fifth Report of the noxious and other insects of the state of New York, 1851,
p. 781-854, 9 figs.

GILLETTE, C. P.
’88. A study of the Cynipide. Separate, p. 1-14.
Then in Bull. Iowa Acad., vol. 1, 1887-1888, p. 53-56 (see below ’89).
’89. Psyche, vol. 5, 1889, p. 214-221, figs.
90. New Cynipide.
Entomol. Amer., vol. 6, 1890, p. 21-25, fig. 1-2.
‘91. Description of new Cynipide in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Nat-
ural History.
Bull. Ulinois St. Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, 1891, p. 191-202, pl. IX. -
92. Colorado Cynipide.
Entom. News, vol. 3, 1892, p. 246-248.
93. Colorado Cynipide.
Entom. News, vol. 4, 1893, p. 28-31, p. 166-167, p. 210-211.
’93b. Two new Cynipide from Washington state.
Canad. Entom., vol. 25, 1893, p. 110-111.
04. New Cynipide.
Canad. Entom., vol. 26, 1894, p. 157-159, p. 235-238.

Grrauut, A. A.
03. A new species of gall-wasp (Cynipidee) from Goldenrod (Solidago).
Entom. News, vol. 14, 1903, p. 323-324 fig.

Harris, THADDEUS WILLIAM
’41. A treatise on some of the insects of New England which are injurious to vegetation.
Hd. 1, 1841, p. 397—400.
In Ed. 2, 1852 and later ed. (especially Flint Edition 790, p. 433-436) there is
little change in form.

OsTEN-Sacken, R.
’61. On the Cynipide of the North-American oaks and their galls.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, 1861, p. 47-72.
61. “Stettin’”” Ueber die Gallen und andre durch Insecten hervorgebrachte Pflanzen-
deformationen in Nord America.
Ent. Zeit. Stettin, vol. 22, 1861, p. 405-423.

Amemrican Insect GALLS: THOMPSON 49

62. Additions and corrections to paper entitled “On the Cynipide of the North American
Oaks and their galls.”
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, 1862, p. 241-259.
63. Contributions to the Natural History of the Cynipide of the United States and of
their galls—Article 3.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 2, 1863, p. 33-49.
65. Contributions to the Natural History of the Cynipide of the United States and their
galls—Article 4.
Proc. Ent. Soe. Phila., vol. 4, 1865, p. 331-380.
79. Contributions to the Natural History of the Cynipide of the United States and their
galls—Article 5.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 3, 1870, p. 54-64.

PROVANCHER, L’ABBE.
81. Faune Canadienne Hymenopteres Fam. 6 Cynipides.

Le Natural. Canad., vol. 12, p. 225-241.

83. Faune Canadienne Hymenopteres. Additions et Corrections.
Le Natur. Canad., vol. 14, 1883, p. 19-20.

86-7. Faune Canadienne Hymenopteres. Additions et Corrections.
Natur. Canad., vol. 16, 1886-1887, p. 145, p. 165-173.

Partly republished 1883.
Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada IV ordre Hymenopteres Cynipides, p.
542-556,

and in 1889 Additions et Corrections aux vol. 2 Hymenoptéres p. 157-173.
and in 1889 Supplement aux additions aux Hymenopteres p. 397-398.

Riney, C. V.
71. A Honey-producing oak-gall: Cynips q. mellaria.
Amer. Entoms, vol. 3, p. 298.
77. A new gall on acorn-cup.
Trans. Acad. St. Louis, vol. 3, 1877, p. 577-578.

Wausu, B. D.

64. On dimorphism in the Hymenopterous genus Cynips: with an appendix containing
hints for a new classification of Cynipide and a list of Cynipide, including descrip-
tions of several new species inhabiting the Oak-galls of Illinois.

Proc. Ent. Soe. Phila., vol. 2, 1864, p. 443-500.

69. Galls and their architects.
Amer. Entom., vol. 1, 1869, p. 101-110, figs.

‘70. Galls and their architects—Article 3. (Probably written by Riley.)
Amer. Entom., vol. 2, 1870, p. 70-74.

SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF AMERICAN GALL-MAKING INSECTS

ALDER (Alnus)

30. Alder wart gall. Suspect this to be Hriophyes levis—Nalepa, p. 7, Connold, p. 140, Mass.
June.
Warts of yellow or brown color; upper side of leaf, plate 6, 30.
39. Cecidomyia serrulate. 0. S. ’67, p. 198-199, Mass. Apr. Alnus serrulata. Leaves of
bud deformed and aborted, plate 6, 39.

Dasyneura serrulate O. 8S.

216. Exoascus amentorum. Alder, Mass. June. Distorting and forming tongue-like out-
growths on aments.

ANDROMEDA

225. Exobasidium andromede. Andromeda, Mass. June. Large,. hollow, bladder-like, lobed
growth tinged with reddish brown; May apple, plate @, 225,

250B. Exoascus. Andromeda. Main stem enlarged to twice its normal size and an outgrowth
of branches at points of infection, plate 5, 250.

ASH (Fraxinus)

89. Cecidomyia. Fraxinus americanus, Mass. Appears May. On under side of mid-rib,
opening at top. Distorts leaves so that they resemble a mass of bean pods, plate 6,
89.

Dasyneura tumidose Felt.

138. Phytoptus (?). Packard ’90, p. 555. Ash, July. “Deforms leaves and twigs.’’ Much like
the willow mop, plate 6, 138.
Eriophyes (?) fraxiniflore Felt.
197. Cecidomyia pellex. O.S.’61, p. 419, Frazinus americana, Mass. June. On leaf; globular,
5 mm. in diameter above; smooth area below.
198. Eriophyes fraxini. Ash, Mass. June. Leaves covered with warts above and elevated
areas below. Subdivided by irregular, hairy curtains within gall, plate 6, 198.
240. Cecidomyia. Ash petiole. July. Enlargement due to excavation of inner side by white
cecidomyid, plate 6, 240. -Similar to 194.
266. Eriophyes. Ash, Mass. July.. Leaf gives out from veins near apices, tufts of filaments
or accessory blades, plate 6, 266. ;
(?) Hriophyes fraxiniflore Felt.

ASTER

50. Tomentose aster gall. Aug. Mass. Ovoid on end of twigs. Open at summit showing
irregular, white, succulent mass. Several vertical cells in each gall, plate 7, 50.
Rhopalomyia (?) thomi Felt.

123. Cecidomyia. Aster corymbosa, Mass. Sept. Elongated oval enlargements of twigs of
; flower stalk. Orange colored larva is constant, plate 6, 123.
Neolasioptera ramuscula Beut.

153. Cecidomyia. Aster, Mass. Gall in flower-head of A. noveanglie (?) resembling Dasy-

neura solidaginis. Inner portion of flower head is converted into a leaf tuft.
(?) Asphondylia monacha O.S.

7 ea

321.

322.

299.

284.

157.

3.

32.
itil

140.

87.

292.

148.

29.

American Insect Gattis: THOMPSON 51

Choristoneura ramuscula Beut. ’07, p. XVII, fig. 7-8, Aster patens.
Rhopalomyia astericaulis. Felt. Mass. Ovoid, swelling of twigs.
Neolasioptera ramuscula Beut. and Rhopalomyia astericaulis Felt.

Gnorimoschema gz-asteriella. Aster corymbosa. Mass. June. Ovoid, hollow stem gall,
larva very small. Plant not 6 in. high.

BALSAM (Abies)

Cecidomyia. Impatiens fulva. Mass. . July. Starts as a swelling of mid-rib of leaf near
base in mid-July, later extends to the base of the blade so that it appears as if on the
petiole; ovoid, 1 em.x3 mm. Mature by Sept.

Lasioptera impaiientifolia Felt.

Cecidomyia impatientis. O. S. 67, p. 204. Impatiens fulua, N. H., Aug. Gall is a de-
formation of a flower bud made imperfect. Within succulent, containing numerous
cells and slender, dark orange larve.

BAYBERRY (Myrica)
Eriophyes (?). Bayberry, R. I. Abort of branchlet making a witchbroom.

BEECH (Fagus)

Beech leaf fungus. Phytoptus species, N. H., Aug. Silvery or russet scurf of clavate hairs.

BIRCH (Betula)

Fungus of Black Birch. Phytoptus species, Mass., June. Silvery or crimson scurf of clavate
hairs.

Eriophyes (?). Fungus. White birch, Mass. July. Areas of brownish yellow scurf on
leaves.

Eriophyes. Phytoptus species, Betula lenta, Mass. Aborts branches to a dense clump of
buds, plate 7, 140.

Eriophyes species.

BLACKBERRY (Rubus)

Lasioptera nodulosa. Beut. ’07, p. 397, pl. 15, fig. 5. Rubus villosus, Mass., R.I. Sept.
Series of oval enlargements of stem; multicellular. Cells confluent and woody at
center, plate 7, 87. :

Cecidomyia farinosa. O. S. ’67, p. 204. Rubus villosus, Mass. Sept. On mid-rib of
leaflets near base of blade 1-1-2 em. wide; irregularly rounded, surface crackled and
very scurfy. Cells are small and basal, plate 8, 292.

Lasioptera farinosa O. S.

BOX ELDER (Negundo)

Twig mop on box elder. Mass., R. I. July.

BUTTON BUSH (Cephalanthus)

Button Bush gall. Mass. July. Warty areas on leaf, tomentose at summit; depressed
below as if eroded, plate 8, 29.
Unknown.

or
bo

93.

189.

193.

285.

83.

30.

65.

SUPPLEMENTARY List

CHERRY (Prunus)

. Eriophyes serotine. Beut. Cat., p. 278, pl. 16, fig. 7. Cherry species. Mass. May, June,

plate 8, 9.
(?) Hriophyes padi, Nalepa variety.
Cecidomyia serotine. Cook ’05, p. 838. Wild cherry, R. I., Mass. June. O.S. ’70, p.
3046-347. Aug. At end of main or lateral twigs; much scarred and distorted,
plate 7, 93.

Not reared.

. Plowrightia morbosa. Wild plum and cherry. Mass.
. Cecidomyia virginianie. Lintner ’06, p. 313. Wild cherry fruit. Mass. July. Causes

cherry to develop abnormally and destroys the seed. Also found on choke cherry,
plate 7, 223.

Contarinia virginianie Felt.

. Fungus (?). Wild cherry. Mass. July. Leaf elevated into irregular, round swellings

with cavity below, plate 5, 250.

. Cecidomyia. Choke cherry. Leaf folded on mid-vein, fold rugosely inflated, plate 8, 327.

Mycodiplosis cerasifolia Felt.

CHESTNUT (Castanea)

Cecidomyia. Chestnut leaf. Mass. June. Oval swelling of lateral vein on under
side of leaf, plate 8, 189.

Known, though not reared; taken at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Chestnut leaf. Mass. June. Minute, round, pale elevations above.

CHOKEBERRY (Pyrus)

te
Fungus. Pyrus arbutifolia. Mass. Aug. Above slight depression surrounded by deep
crimson areola 4-6 mm. in diameter; dull purplish areola below, single or clustered
turret galls, 3 mm., tall tapering to apex with terminal orifice fringed with slender
white hairs of pale yellow; summit brownish, plate 8, 285.

CINQUEFOIL (Potentilla)

————. Potentilla canadensis. Oct. On under side of mid-rib and petiole of leaf,
moniliform, plate 8, 83.
Gonaspis potentille Bass.

CLEMATIS

Stem gall of clematis. Wild clematis. Mass. Oct. Ovoid, tapering at
either end. Single central cell; dipterous, plate 8, 35.
Dipterous, probably the work of an Agromyza.
Cecidomyia. Clematis virginiana. Mass. Oct. Clustered, reddish tomentose gall.
Each flower stalk forms an irregular lobulated cup open above and guarded by
dense pubescence, plate 7, 65.

Contarinia clematidis Felt.

ELDER (Sambucus)

. Cecidomyia sambuci. Beut. ’07, p. 396, Lasioptera sambuci. Felt (?).- Elder, Sambucus

canadensis. Mass., R. I. Low, irregular, rough elevations on stem, plate 8, 120.
Neolasioptera sambuci Felt, ;

208.

217.

298.

25.

26.

187.

211.

191.

18.

19.

27.

144.
232.

275.

AMERICAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON 53

Cecidomyia umbellicola. O. 8S. ’70, p. 52. Elder, Sambucus canadensis. Mass. June.
On umbels of common elder; scattered buds are enlarged to white capsules. Larva
2 mm. long, orange, plate 8, 208.

Youngomyia umbellicola O. 8.

Puccinia. Sambucus canadensis. Mass. June. ‘Midribs of leaf, petiole and peduncles.
2x 1-4 in. in diameter. Yellow from cluster cups of rust.

Eriophyes. Sambucus canadensis. Mass. Sept. Some of terminal leaves dwarfed. Mar-
gins of leaves invyolute so that the under surface is exposed to view from above.

This roll is more hairy than the normal.
Arthrocnodax sambucifolia Felt. Probably preying on Eriophyes, deforming the leaves.

ELM (Ulmus)

Colopha ulmicola = Elm Cockscomb. White elm, Ulmus americanus. Mass. June. Upper
side of leaf light green with brown summit-orifice elongate, plate 8, 25.

Cecidomyia ulmi. Beut. ’07, p. 387, pl. 13, fig. 5, 72, Ulmus americanus. June, July.
Mass. Warts at base of lateral veins distorting young leaves. Rib gall, plate
10, 26.

Phytophaga ulmi Beutm.

Eriophyes ulmi. Packard ’90, p. 281-282. White elm, Ulmus americana. Mass. June.
On leaf; finger-like protuberances above and depressed area below with mouth
fringed by white hairs. Closely resembles No. 181 on linden.

Pemphigus ulmi-fusus. Cook ’05, p. 849. Elm. Mass. June-July. On upper side of
leaves of Ulmus fuluus. From 1-5 cm. in height. Summit pointed or indented.
Mouth very small with thin, leathery walls, plate 9, 211.

Pemphigus ulmi-fusus Walsh. :

‘

FERN

Tineidez. Pteris aquilina. Mass. June. Lateral stem swells and curls over making a
bunch of the frond veins.

GRAPE (Vitis)

Crimson Button of Grape. June, July, Aug. Mass. Elevation with apical tuft of pu-
bescence which is ensanguined, plate 8, 18.

Phytoptus vitis (Landois). Elevated gall of grape leaf. June. Mass. Various grapes,
plate 9, 19.

Coleopterous, taken at Syracuse and Newport, N. Y., unknown.

Lasioptera vitis. O.S. 67, p. 201. Grape tendrils, stems and leaves. Late August, plate
On 21. ;

Eriophyes. Grape leaf. Mass. Red patches of clavate hairs on upper side of leaf.

Cecidomyia viticola. O.S. ’67, p. 202, Riley, ’70, p. 113-114. Grape leaf. Mass. Aug.
Cylindrical, tapering to a tip which is often decurved; faint, longitudinal ribs, color
green and very ruddy. Length 5-8 mm. Diameter at base 3 mm., occasionally
larger, plate 10, 232. :

Cecidomyia pomum. Walsh ’69, p. 106, Riley ’73, p. 114. Grape. Mass. Aug. Prob-
ably modified leaf or tendril, like hazel nut when small, when large oval and heavily
ribbed, green, succulent, polythalamous, plate 9, 275.

Schizomyia pomum Walsh.

41.

64.

88.

94.

109.

124.

149.

164.

SUPPLEMENTARY List

. Cecidomyia. Grape petiole gall. Wild grape. R.I. Sept. The petiole either in middle

or nearer blade of leaf is swollen toform an elongate or abruptly oval swelling. Sec- |
tioning: the wood is found thickened and the pith cavity enlarged pari-passu.
Larve in pith, plate 9, 297.

Asteromyia petiolicola Felt.

GRASS.

. Cecidomyia agrostis. O.S.’67, p. 204-205. Grass. Resembles aments of hop, plate 10, 1.

Asteromyia agrostis O. §.

GOLDENROD (Solidago)

Asphondylia monacha. O.S. 70-71, p. 347, Solidago. Mass. Aug. Aborted buds form-
ing tufts or sprays of short leaves, the central pair making an oval cell in which the
larva lives, plate 9, 41.
Gnorimoschema gallesolidaginis. Busck ’05, p. 824-825 =Gelechia gallesolidaginis Riley.
Goldenrod stem gall. Mass. June, Aug., plate 10, 64.
Dasyneura (?) solidaginis. O.S. ’61, p. 418. Solidago. N. H. Aug. Beut. Cat., p.
271. A bunch gall with imner leaves linear. Central cell solitary or several to-
gether, plate 9, 88.
(?) Rhopalomyia solidaginis.
Trypeta solidaginis. (Hurosta gall.) Beut. 04, p. 34. Mass. Dec.—Jan. Loew "74, p.
279-280 (IF). Abrupt oval swelling of stem, plate 9, 94.
Hurosta solidaginis Fitch.
Cecidomyia carbonaria. ©.S. Solidago. Mass., R. I., N. H. June-July. Yellowish,
polished, elevated areas with dark border, plate 10, 109.
Asteromyia (?) rubra Felt.
Lasioptera tumifica. Beut. Solidago species. Mass. Late May. Rough, subglobular,
frequently excentric on stem, plate 9, 124. :
Lasioptera solidaginis O. 8.
Pedisca saligneana. Moth. Hucosma scudderiana (Clem) Kellicott Canad. Entom. Si
Riley °70, 2 Rept., p. 134-135. Huryptychia saligneana (Clem). R. I., Mass.
May. Gall like Gn. gallesolidaginis but smaller and in or near flower-head, plate
9, 149.

Hucosma scudderiana Clem.
Cecidomyia hirtipes. O.S. ’67, p. 195. Goldenrod. Mass., R. I. May. Large swelling
of terminal bud resembling a dried prune in texture; hard center, plate 9, 164.
Rhopalomyia hirtipes O. 8.

- Rust on solidago and crategus fruit enlarging them. Warty, white threads extruding from

each pustule in which spores are held. Has cecid. larvee, but may be fungus, plate
9, 248.

Puccinia solidaginis Peck.

. Cecidomyia. Solidago. Mass. July. Globular on root stalk, 6 mm., somewhat pointed

at apex, brown in color and with crackled and scaly surface. Very fleshy, plate
9, 268.

Unknown, unless it be a young gall of Rhopalomyia hirlipes O.8.

. —————. Solidago root, Apr. Gall at crown or on root-stock, oval, prostrate, suc-

culent, wall seurfy, thick, fleshy; cavity large, irregular. Emerges at apex, plate
10, 311. :

312.

313.

314.

315.

56.

106.

195.

196.

til,

20.

23.

84.

114.

130.

131.

194.

AMERICAN InsEcT GALLS: THOMPSON 55

Eurosta reticulata. Solidago shoots. Apr. Hollows out base of new growth aborting the
shoot, making an elongate, onion-like gall, plate 10, 312.
Rhopalomyia thompsoni. <9. Solidago. Apr. Fleshy and elastic, succulent, irregu-
larly ovate or globular. Cells near rind of gall, center usually clear, plate 10, 312.
Cecidomyia. Solidago. Emerges late May. Small, bud-like, ovoid, hard-shelled gall;
near ground in clusters usually, lateral. May be 313 above ground, plate 9, 314.
Rhopalomyia bulbula Felt.
Eurosta. Solidago. Swelling of new shoots occasionally aborting them; central cavity.
Emerged June, plate 10, 315.
Eutreta sparsa Wied.

HACKBERRY (Celtis)

Pachypsylla celtidissmamma. Riley Canad. Entom. ’83, fig. 7. Hackberry. Packard
5 Rept. 90, June-Sept. R. I., plate 10, 56.

Pachypsylla c.-vesiculorum. Packard 5 Rept. ’90 (nm. sp.). Celtis. R. I. June. Small
blisters on leaf.

HAZEL (Corylus)

Cecidomyia. Hazel. Mass. June. Elevations distorting leaf. Hairs thick and long,

egland-tipped, crimson above and white below. Similar specimen found on poplar.
Lasiopleryx coryli Felt.

Eriophyes. Hazel. Mass. June. Buds along. stems aborted so that leaf never grows

and the bud becomes globular. 5 cm. in size, plate 11, 196.
Eriophyes taken at Nassau.

HICKORY (Carya)

Dactylosphera depressum. Shimer ’69, p. 389-390. Gall No. 4, 2. Carya. Mass.
June.
Phylloxera depressa.

Phylloxera caryz-fallax. Riley ’75, p. 118. Walnut, Dunce-cap. Mass. Packard ’90,
p. 323. June. Conical mass with apical tuft, plate 11, 20.

Fungus on leaf of hickory. Carya alba. Mass. June. Yellowish area above; white
seurf below, plate 11, 23.

Phylloxera caryecaulis. Fitch 1 Rept., p. 155-159. Carya, Mass., N. H. Late June.
On petioles and main veins of leaves. Succulent, depressed, ovoid, with central
pit. Dark green. Often confluent and utterly distorting the branch tips, plate
11, 84.

Cecidomyia holotricha. Hickory. Mass. Aug. Onion-shaped, on under side of leaf.
Variable in form, but the pendent center of inner chamber is constant. Golden
brown. Appears distinct from No. 242, but may be confused with No. 256, plate
12, 114.

Caryomyia holotricha O. 8.

Phylloxera carye-globuli. Packard ’90, p. 322. Carya. Mass. Round, fleshy, thick on
leaf. See No. 328, plate 12, 130.

Cecidomyia tubicola. 92. Carya. Mass. June-July. Diameter 1-8 in. Central
chamber and outer rampart, plate 10, 131.

Caryomyia tubicola O. 8.

Cecidomyia. Petiole gall. Carya. Mass. June, Slight swelling both of petiole and

adjacent stem.

220.

226.

227.

228.

229.

230.

231.

241.

bo
NS
bo

SUPPLEMENTARY List

. Phylloxera carye-vene. Packard 90, p. 322. Carya. Elevations along veins; ruddy

above with hairy mouth below; serrate borders.

. Phylloxera rimosalis. Pergande 04, p. 217-220, pl. 4, fig. 24, pl. 9, fig..54. ‘Carya. On

leaf. Galls nearly hemispherical or globular above; conical or globular below,
plate 10, 203.

. Phylloxera foveola. Pergande ’04, p. 200-203, pl. 3, fig. 15-16. Carya. Mass. June.

Small, elevated above with thin roof that is centrally depressed.

. Phylloxera avellana. Pergande ’04, p. 228-230, pl. 5, fig. 30-31, pl. 6, fig. 32-86, pl. 11, fig.

79-81. Carya. June. On leaf. Flat, round areas with slight annular depres-
sion at margin on upper side; below, rounded, splitting bracts. When gall is very
young it shows a white tuft at end. Fly certainly avellana, plate 12, 205.

. Phylloxera deplanata. Pergande ’04, p. 205-208. Carya. June.
. Diplosis carye. O.S. ’67. Carya. Mass. June-July. On leaf. 2x2 mm. above.

Oval or sub-globular gall attached by a small base and crowned by nipple and
areola. Resembles a pot and cover, plate 11, 218.
Caryomyia carye O. S.
Cecidomyia. Carya. Mass. July. On leaf. Convex above; conical below; solitary or
clustered. Resembles Ph. conica gall, but is cecidomyious.
Possibly the Cecidomyiid larva observed in this gall may prey on Phylloxera, which may be
the true maker. It would be necessary to see the adult.

. Phylloxera carye-folie. Packard ’90, p. 3822. Carya. Mass. July. Above leaf a slender

cone 5 mm. splitting into bracts at apex; centrally a pit and bunch of short, fine
filaments.

Cecidomyia caryecola. O.S. Carya. Mass. July. When young, very elongate, when
older, onion-formed. Nearly 8 mm. tall, 4 mm. at base, plate 11, 226.

(?) Caryomyia caryecola O. S.

Cecidomyia. Carya. July. Depressed area of yellowish tint 1 mm. in diameter above;
globular, flattened on top with deep apical pit below. Cavity large, walls thin
and leathery. Short filaments depend into cavity from apical pit, plate 12, 227.

Caryomyia thompsoni Felt.

Cecidomyia. Carya. July. Slightly elevated brownish blister on upper side of leaf ; on
under side (juv.) a flattened, white gall: (aet.) cup-shaped, surface above slightly
depressed, central spine larger. Diameter 5 mm., height 2mm. Hickory spangles,
plate 13, 228.

Unknown.

Cecidomyia. Carya. July. On lower side of leaf an elongate spur attached by broad base
which is cut into teeth at margin. Not over 2 mm. tall.

Cecidomyia. Carya. July. On leaf. When young an elevated, rounded dull-colored
blister with central dark spot from which a capsule develops when cut; when old the
ventral blister ruptures and the capsule is forced out, plate 11, 230.

Cecidomyia. Seed gall. Carya. July. Seed-like on under side of leaf, 1-2 mm. long,
erect, cylindrical, tapering slightly to a point, plate 11, 231.

Caryomyia tubicola O. S.

Cecidomyia sanguinolenta. Carya. Mass. July. Attenuate, conical, base circular,

white or deep carmine red; height 3 mm., diameter at base 1 mm., plate 11, 241.-
Caryomyia sanguinolenta O. 8.

- Cecidomyia. Woolly gall. Carya. Mass. June. On under side of leaf scattered over

surface, but more often clustered along mid-vein, sometimes distorting leaf. Light -

area or blister above. Solid, more or less spherical covered with long, white pubes-

cence. ‘There is no reason for regarding this as a confluent 114, the heavy wall and

curled wool etc. are against it, plate 13, 242,
Caryomyia holotricha O. 8,

-

243.

244.

245.

251.

253.

AMERICAN InsECT GALLS: THOMPSON 57

Cecidomyia. Flask gall. Carya. Mass. July. 38 mm. long on leaf, flask-shaped, pros-
trate, white or pink. Fairly constant recurvation, plate 12, 243.
Possibly Caryomyia sanguinolenta O. S.
Cecidomyia. Carya. Mass. July. On leaf; crimson-green, smooth and small depression
above; globular with slight point at apex below. Dark crimson, shining and sticky
to touch. 4mm. diameter. Single, small, white larva, plate 12, 244.
Caryomyia carye O. 8.
Cecidomyia. Carya. Mass. July. Sub-globular, surface at all stages with minute
rugosities, glutinous, yellow. Wall 1-3 diameter, leathery, larva white, plate 11,
245.
Caryomyia carye O. 8.
Nectria ditissima. Carya. Hickory. ‘‘Large, warty, cancrous growth.” WNectria ditis-
sma.
Phylloxera caryz-septum. Packard ’90, p. 322. Carya. Mass. July. Above leaf
attenuate, conical, 4-5 mm. split at apex to filaments with an orifice; below similar
but thinner.

254-5. Hormomyia carye. O.S. o&@@. Carya. Mass. July. When young much like

256.

257.

259.

260.

274.

301.

. 308.

328.

Diplosis carye; when old, a larger gall with thinner walls, very brittle. Yellow.
Gall resembles a globular onion in translucency and color. Very small. It also
resembles a young tubicola, but as it grows it swells out almost to shape of Dzplosis
carye, attached, however, by broader base and is more elevated. Very variable
gall, plate 12, 254, 255.

Caryomyia carye O. S.

Pseudo-holotricha. Carya. Mass. July. Cavity more basal and less hairy, subglobular,
sessile, but may be holotricha No. 114.

Possibly Caryomyia holotricha O. 8.

Cecidomyia. Carya. Mass. July. Conical, sessile or subsessile at all stages, wall thick,
not translucent, slightly pubescent. Numerous on under side of leaves. Strongly
elevated above leaf, 1-2 mm. Less tapering than C. sanguinolenta, No. 241, plate
12, D7. !

Caryomyia (?) carye O.S.

. Cecidomyia. Double-decker. Carya. Mass. July. Hard, rounded, slightly elevated

spot above leaf. As gall grows the blister area is lifted up as a roof, plate 13, 258.
Caryomyia inanis Felt probably true producer; Parallelodiplosis carye Felt, presumably an
inquiline.

Cecidomyia. Carya. Mass. July. Resembles “pseudo-diplosis No. 255’ at all stages,
but is finely pubescent. Wall thin and brittle, plate 12, 259.

(?) Mycodiplosis holotricha Felt.

Eriophyes. Margin-rolled gall. Carya. Mass. July. Margins of leaf rolled toward
upper face and much crinkled. Mites live within the fold, plate 10, 260.

Cecidomyia. Carya. Mass. July. Small attachment on upper side of leaf 2 mm. tall.
Conical, jug-shaped with apical pubescence and cap.

Phylloxera carye-semen. Packard ’90, p. 322. Carya. Mass. Sept. 2-3 mm. broad
on upper side of leaf; elevation generally globular but quite irregular as to height;
central pit usually present, wall opaque; slightly conical with short nipple on lower
side breaking into a variable number of pubescent points, plate 13, 301.

Cecidomyia cynipsea. O.S. ’67, p. 193. Carya. Subglobular, woody swelling, surface
rough with points below. Polythalamous, cells vertical, oblong.

Phylloxera. Carya. June. Galls small up to 8 mm. Semi-globular to quite globular,
flat beneath. Orifice more or less transverse, fleshy lips. Wall rather thin but not
papery; color pale yellow. Migrant is close to 130.

08

82

SUPPLEMENTARY List

HOREHOUND (Lycopus)
&

. Cecidomyia. Lycopus. Mass. Oct. On stem; smooth, elliptical; tough and solid inside,

plate 1

3, 82.

Lasioptera lycopi Felt.

HORNBEAM (Carpinus)

. Cecidomyia pudibunda. O.S. ’67, p. 202. Hornbeam. Mass. May-June. Found also
on black birch. Deep vertical folds of leaf between veins from edge of leaf nearly
to mid-rib, plate 13, 179.

0.

317

159

HUCKLEBERRY (Vaccinium)

False flowers of huckleberry. Fungus. Vaccinum resinosa. Aborts twig

and leaves become white or pinkish.

. Agromyza. Iri

IRIS

s. Emerges late May. . As leaves come up outer leaf bears swollen, ovoid

area; checks growth of this leaf but does not affect rest of plant, plate 13, 317.
Agromyza magnicornis Loew (See Psyche, August, ’07, 14:74).

LETTUCE (Lactuca)

. Lasioptera lactucee. Wild lettuce. Mass. Gall similar to that of Auwlax tumidus but is

woody

internally; solid. z

LINDEN (Tilia)

73. Cecidomyia. Tilia americana. Infests the bases of leaves causing a rupture of the bark

74.

108.

within

whose cap appears a globular, white capsule. This holds the rusty white

larva, plate 14, 73.

Cecidomyia citricola O. 8.

to tuft

Cecidomyia. Terminal bud gall. Tilia americana. June-July. Terminal bud changed

of leaves, plate 14, 74.

Same as above, probably.

Mass.

Cecidomyia verrucicola. O.S. ’75, p. 201-202. Linden, Basswood, Tilia heterophylla.

June, July. On leaf; wart-shaped, numerous. Alike above and below.

181. Eriophyes. Basswood. Mass. May. Finger-like protuberances on upper side of leaf
of Tilia americana. Entrance to gall on lower side guarded by white hairs, plate
14, 181. :

252. Cecidomyia.

300,

iy

pinkish

riophyes (2?) abnormis Garm.

Linden. Mass. July. Round, thickened area with irregular, thicker,

margins above leaf; a slight central point below, plate 14, 252.

Possibly the developing gall of Cecidomyia verrucicola O. S.

from m

and bel

=o) ad;

inden. Mass. Mid-summer. Circular blister very slightly elevated
argin to center and not sharply defined at margin; 3mm. diameter. Above
ow a variable tuft of slender brown hairs, usually heaviest and longest below.

52

102.

202.

Ammrican Insect GALLS: THOMPSON 59

HONEY LOCUST (Gleditschia)

. Cecidomyia gleditschie 0.S. Gleditschia triacanthos 2. Honey locust. Mass. Mid-
Aug. Makes leaflets of young leaves into pods, plate 14, 52.
Dasyneura gleditschie O. 5.

e LOCUST (Robinia)

Robinia pseudacacia. R. I. Oct. Elongated enlargement of stem, plate
14, 102.
Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zell.

LOOSESTRIFE (Lysimachia) -

Cecidomyia. Loosestrife. Mass. Late June. Aborts stem and terminal bud of Lyst-
machia quadrifolia. Summit of stem bears a bud-like body composed of inrolled;
thickened, broad leaves, plate 14, 202.

Dasyneura lysimachie Beut.

MAPLE (Acer)

Eriophyes. Pimple gall. Acer rubrum. Mass. May. On leaf, plate 14, 4.
(?) Eriophyes.

. Eriophyes. Crimson Cushion. Osborn ’84, p. 58. Maple leaf. June, July. Mass.

Rough crimson areas, plate 14, 17.

. Phytoptus acericola. Garman Acer saccharinum. Mass. June. Gall slender and tapers

to both extremities, plate 13, 22.

. Cecidomyia. Acer rubrwm, A. saccharinum. Mass. Late June. On rib of leaf distorting

same above and below, plate 14, 91.
Common, unnaméd, not reared with certainty and possibly Dasyneura communis Felt.

. Aphidide. Acer saccharinum. Mass. June. Irregular, woody excrescences above and

below leaf, plate 13, 95.

177. Sciara ocellaris. Packard ’90, p. 411-412, pl. 38. Acer rubrum. .Riley Repts. Entom.,
p. 202-204, pl. 17. Mass. May. On upper side of leaf; small, conical pustules
of pale yellowish, green bordered with an orange scarlet circle outwardly deepening
to maroon, plate 14, 177.

Cecidomyia ocellaris O. 8.

219. Rhytisma acerinum (fungus). Acer. Mass. On leaf.

237. Phytoptus quadripes. Packard ’90, p. 422-424; Garman ’83, p. 128-130. Acer dasycarpum,
Mass. July. Bladder-like pouches above leaf, plate 14, 237.

Eriophyes quadripes Garm.
OAK (Quercus)
12. . Fungus. Leaves of red and chestnut-oak. Mass. June. Light yellow-
ereen, bloated areas, often corrugated, plate 15, 12.
14. Cecidomyia niveipila. O.S.’67, p. 199-200. Q. nigra, Q. alba, Q. ilicifolia, Q. rubra, Q. coc-
cinea. Mass. May, June, plate 15, 14.
The species has not been reared.
15. Oak-leaf. Rivet gall (see 49, plate 15, 15).

(?) Neurolerus sp.

60 SUPPLEMENTARY List

36. Cecidomyia pilule. Asphondylia pilule. @2. Quercus species. Mass. June. Oak
lentil gall on upper side of leaf, plate 15, 36.
Cincticornia pilule Walsh.
51. (?) Cecidomyia. Button gall. Q. coccinea. Mass. Flat, rivet-like brown elevations, plate
15, 51.
(?) Cincticornia.
58. Cecidomyia pustuloides. Beut. ’07, p. 390, pl. 17, fig. 1. Q. ilicifolia, Mass. June-
July. Low, flat-topped bladder; green with brown circle above; yellow with small
central point of black beneath. Some slightly lenticular, plate 16, 58.

Cincticornia pustuloides Beut.

60. Cynipide. Q. rubra, Q. coccinea. Mass. Sept.—Oct. Soft, inanis center; purple-brown.
Some are keeled on twigs =tinctorie Ash. ’97, plate 16, 60.

Amphibolips (?) globulus Beutm.

80. Cecidomyia. Quercus species. Mass. Oct. Swelling beneath mid-rib. Large central
chamber, plate 15, 80.
We have this gall. It is not reared. Unknown.

81. Cecidomyia. Bordering gall. Quercus species. Mass. Oct. Appears June. Greenish
rough enrollment of.edges of leaves.
Cecidomyia (?) erubescens O. S.

90. Cecidomyia q. majalis. O.S.’70. Mass. June. Pod-shaped oak-apple. Gall of same
type as Cec. niveipila, but more thin-walled and bladder-like and never tomentose,
plate 15, 90.
Adult unknown.

121. Eriophyes querci (Phytoptus species). Garm. ’83. Oak species. Mass. Early June.
Elevation of leaf above, with densely woolly concavity below.
127. Cynipide. Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia. Over winters. Mass. Irregular bullet gall.
Holcaspis globulus Fitch. .

128. Cecidomyia. Quercus species. Mass., R. I. June. Elongate, hollow crests on mid-rib
of leaf, plate 15, 128. ;
Unknown.

135. Cecidomyia. Oak twigs. Deformation of small twigs. Woody, polythalamous, oval
knot; surface mammillate, with globular swelling of the separate chambers. Mass.
June.
Lasioptera (?) querciperda Felt.

136, ————. @Q! rubra, Q: ilicifolia. Mass., R.I. Shining capsules size of small pea in axils
of leaves or in circle about terminal bud of shoot. Polished, yellowish with black
dots and brown marbling; cavity large, wall thin. Shelly gall, plate 15, 136.
Possibly a solitary Biorhiza forticornis Fitch, not typical.

139. Cecidomyia poculum. 0. S. ’67, p. 201. Oak spangles. @. alba, Q. obtusiloba. Mass.,
R. I. June-Aug. Very small, cup-shaped, with short stalk, lilac red, powdered
white, plate 16, 139.
146. Eriophyes. Oak sprouts. Q. rubra, Q. dicifolia. R.1., Mass. Late June. Buds aborted,
making dense masses of scales like Brussels sprouts, plate 16, 146.
. Cecidomyia. Q. alba, Q. rubra. Mass., R. I. Leaves gall in Sept. Series of half inch long
oval enlargements of twig. Excentric on limb and successive ones run spirally
around it, plate 15, 147.
Probably Lasioptera querciperda Felt.

147

~

154

161

162.

163

174.

175

176.

183%

186

207

236

246

249,

269.

271.

273

276.

AMERICAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON 61

. Cynipide. Oak. Mass. April. Gall like Amphibolips inanis but kernel is wholly free.

No trace of fibers within. Oval central kernel with one exit.

. Cynipide or Fungus. Q. nigra. Mass. April. Globular elevations on stem of twigs;

sessile, very rugose and suggests fungoid growth. Lycoperdon gall, plate 16, 161.
Petiole gall. Q. alba. R.I., Mass. Aug. Cluster of ovoid cells about 4
mm. long x 2.5 mm. at greatest diameter, plate 15, 162.
Probably Holcaspis globulus Fitch.

. Cynipide. Quercus species. Resembles Holcaspis globulus. Point of attachment small,

but not sunk into twigs as in ease of Holcaspis fasciata.

Peach gall. Q. prinoides. Mass. April. On petiole. Globular, fleshy;
externally rugose, ruddy. Wall 1-3 diameter, plate 16, 174.

Andricus (?) petiolicola Bass.

. Cynipide. Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia. Mass. May 23. Full size, but succulent. June Ist.

Falls to ground. On twigs, plate 16, 175.

(?) Neuroterus sp.

Q. niger. May. Terminal twigs in center of leaf rosette in size from 1-5
mm.; globular, dense, with minute central cell, shining and smooth, and very loosely
attached.

. Quercus. Mass. June. Ovoid, pointed at apex; 3 mm. long; evidently a
modified terminal bud.

. Coccide. Coccid gall. Oak. Mass. June. Heavy swelling on upper side of petiole;

on mid-rib sometimes.

. Cecidomyia. @. rubra. Mass. Mid-June. On leaf. 5 mm. long by 2.5 high. Steep-
- sided crest with wavy, ruddy summit. Cecid. larva within.
. Petiole gall. Oak species. Enlargement of base of petiole. R.I., Mass. June. 1-2 cm.

x3mm. Central cell, plate 17, 236.

. Cynipide. Q. prinoides. Mass. July. On leaf. Perfectly globular but rather strongly

attached. Whitish with brown pubescence occurring in spots. Solid with small
central chamber, plate 16, 246.
Unknown.

———. Oaktwig. New growth. Main twig dwarfed and killed above gall. Lateral

twig much enlarged and extremely so at the various succeeding points of infection.

Q. prinoides. Mass. July. Globular, fuzzy, externally like No. 246, but
has larger cavity, thin walls and seems to be cecidomyious.

(?) Cynipid.

Q. coccinea, Q. ilicifolia. Mass. July. On lateral veins on upper side of leaf,
a minute grey cell loosely fastened to vein and clothed’ with pale crimson, silky
hairs. Sort of rosette 3 mm. in diameter. Probably variety of C. verrucarum, only
hairs are too regular, plate 16, 271.

Neuroterus (?) verrucarum O. 8.

. Cynipide. @. castanea. Mass. July. On main or lateral veins above leaf. 8 mm. in

diameter, globular; surface roughened by minute, conical, red points. Resembles
Philonix pezomachoides, but cavity is single and large, wall thin and leathery.

Probably Philonix pezamachoides O. S.

O.S. ’62, p. 255. Q. alba, Mass. Aug. Wedge-shaped with base elevated
into a point. Small about 1 em. ovoid, prismatic with clusters usually on under
side of petiole. 6-8 cells closely packed, free surfaces have dense, brown, wool
pubescence, plate 16, 276.

Probably Cynips strobilana O. S.

‘ SUPPLEMENTARY List

Oak species. Mass. Aug. (juv.) 2 mm., ovoid, fleshy on veins, apex de-
pressed; (aet.) 2x 3 mm., attached by narrow base, cylindric, constricted in middle,
fleshy, red. Basal segment often smaller than apical, plate 17, 277.

(?) Dryophanta sp. .

288. Cynipide. Q. coccinea. Ontwigs. Appears Sept. 10th, plate 16, 288.

290.

302.

305.

158

209

oo

54.

Possibly Dryophanta pedunculata Bass. developing on tender twig.

Q. alba. Sept. Clustered along mid-vein on under side of leaf; globular,
white, covered with long curled brown hairs, 2 mm. diameter, plate 18, 290.

(?) Dryophanta ignota Bass.

294. Cynipide. @Q. alba. New growth enlarged; small peripheral cells on twigs.
YY, ——

Q. rubra. R. 1. Along ribs; 2-5 mm., globular, depressed with short central
points; short, fine, brownish wool. Identity with O.S. ’61, p. 253-254. No. 45
probable, plate 18, 295.

Andricus lana Fitch. =

Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia. Mass. Mature Sept. Clustered, diameter, 3-8 1-2
em. globular, fleshy, covered with grey wool. Loosely attached to veins by a point
and breaks off leaving a star of white hairs about a black point, plate 18, 302.

Andricus lana Fitch.

Q. rubra. Mass. Oct. Closely resembles 302. Gall red, globular, 2-3 mm.
diameter, hard, covered with short, pale, curly wool which rubs off readily, plate
7, 300!

Andricus lana Fitch.

@. alba. Mass. Oct. <A pale spot with crimson areola above; dull crimson
spot in some cases below. When largest 1 mm. long, globular, color deep wine
purple, surface very punctate.

OSIER (Cornus)

. Lasioptera cornicola Beut. ’07, p. 394. Red osier. R.I. April-June. Swelling of stem.

Neolasioptera cornicola Beut.

. Lasioptera clavula. Beut. ’07, p. 396, pl. 14, fig.5. Cornus paniculata. Mass. June. At

end of twigs on new wood, ovoid, 2em.x1em. Larve blood red, plate 17, 209.

Cecidomyia species, not reared.

PINE (Pinus)

. Diplosis pine-rigide (n.s.). Pack. ’90, p. 798-799, fig. 271 (gall). Me.,R.1I. Yellow pine.

July, Sept., plate 18, 3.

The species has not been reared, Cecidomyia. 5

Packard 90, pl. 853. Spruce. R. I. June. An abort of the twigs which
makes a short cone-like growth, plate 18, 54. :

Chermes abielis Linn.

3. Cecidomyia balsamicola. Lintner ’88, p. 60-63, fig. 28. Abies balsamea. N. H. Aug.

Needles near end of twigs with 2 mm. ovoid swelling, usually but one to a needle.
Gall opens above or more rarely along margin of needle by a slit nearly length of
gall and provided with tightly appressed lips, plate 17, 283.

Cone gall. Spruce. . Found on new growth, the leaves forming fleshy scales,
under each 1 or 2 aphids, plate 17, 318.

Chermes abietis Linn.

53

13

21.

AmerRIcAN Insect GaLis: THOMPSON 63

PLUM (Prunus)

. Eriophyes. Walsh 1 Rept., p. 43, note. Plum species (n. sp.). N. H. Aug. Pinkish
elevations on upper sides of leaf, rarely beneath. On wild plum, plate 17, 53.
Unknown.

POISON IVY (Rhus)

. Eriophyes. On leaf of Rhus toxicodendron. Garman ’83, p. 134. Phytoptus species. Mass.
June. Corrugated areas of same color as leaf crowned with paler warts, plate 18, 13.

POPLAR (Populus)

Wart gallon poplar.’ Mass. June. On leaf. Populus tremuloides—Aspen-
Irregular, pale green elevations with scabious depressions below, plate 17, 21.
Mycodiplosis (?) populifolia Felt.
113. Pemphigus (?). Balsam poplar. Mass. July. Globular at base of leaf.

134. Pemphigus vagabundus. Walsh ’69, p. 107-108. Poplar. June, plate 19, 134.
210. Pemphigus populicaulis. Packard ’90, p. 471, fig. 170. | Walsh-Riley ’68; p. 245. Poplar.
Mass. June. Size of bullet above; lip thickened on petiole side only below. Fly
P. populicaulis, plate 18, 210.
280. Cecidomyia. Poplar. Mass. May. Sessile, hard, globular, 3 mm. on veins. Open by
slit on under side.
Possibly same as the following.
281. Cecidomyia. Aspen poplar. N.H. Aug. Globular, 1-2 cm., narrowed toward base on
top of leaf; below only a slight, rugose, depressed area on mid-rib or lateral veins;
walls thick and hard at side of vein. Cell less than 1-3 diameter, plate 18, 281.
(?) Mycodiplosis populifolia Felt.
282. Eriophyes. Populus tremuloides. N.H. Aug. Buds at end of twigs transformed into a
rosette of aborted, pubescent folds, plate 19, 282.
289. Ectoedemia poputella. Busck. Populus tremuloides. Sept. Globular. 1-2 em., suc-
culent swelling of petiole at base of leaf blade; sudden, distinct surface, grey-brown
and rugose, plate 18, 289.
323. Eriophyes. Populus tremuloides. June. Scurfy area lighter than leaf on under side or more
rarely above. ;
ROSE (Rosa)
261. Cecidomyia. Rose. Mass. July. Leaf folded along mid-vein, slightly swollen and forms
trough inhabited by larve, plate 19, 261.
Dasyneura (?) rosarum Hardy.
SHAD-BUSH (Amelanchier)
48. Cecidomyia. Coral Gall of Shad-bush. Amelanchier canadensis July—Aug. Mass. On
leaf; erect, hard capsules with rolled tip. Larva is dull salmon in color, plate 19,
48.
Hormomyia canadensis Felt.
222. Rust on Amelanchier. July. On fruit, leaf and petioles of berries. Berry

becomes five or six times its natural size. Yellow spots on account of clusters of
cup spores.

bo
or
—

iw)
bo
se

86.

104.

96.

Ole

267.

180.

233.

SUPPLEMENTARY List

. Cecidomyia. Amelanchier canadensis. Mass. July. Conical elevation densely clothed

with coarse, short, blue-grey pubescence on upper side of leaf. Extends out as
cylindrical turret 5 mm.—opening at apex on under side. Walls leathery, plate
19, 235.

Hormomyia canadensis Felt.

. Cecidomyia. Amelanchier. Mass. July. On upper side of leaf a slit parallel to lateral

veins 6 mm. long with slightly elevated margins; below thin, fleshy, white comb
elevation, free margin with short digitations.

Cecidomyiid, known, not reared, unnamed.

SHEPHERD’S-PURSE (Capsella)

4. Albugo candida. Capsella bursa-pastoris. Mass. July. White, oval and oblong patches.

Leaves, stems and pods swollen.

SPIRHA

Cecidomyia. Spirea salicifolia. Mass. July. Aborts end of shoot into a dense tuft of
linear threads.
(?) Hormomyia clarkei Felt. This species has been reared from a terminal bud gall on Spirea,
though not from the fimbriate one evidently characterized under this number.
Cecidomyia salicifolie. O.S.2 New N. A. Cee. Spiraea tomentosa. Mass., R. I., N. H.
Aug. Cells simple, made by edges of leaves folded together (see 262). Plate 20, 104.
Rhabdophaga salicifolia Felt.

. Cecidomyia salicifolie (?). O.S. Spirea. Mass. July. Leaves near summit of stem

are aborted and transformed into pouches with little of blade remaining. Suc-
culent, but walls not very thick. Gall 6 mm. in diameter and 1.5 em. long. Mar-
gins tightly closed except for point near tip of leaf, plate 19, 262.

Rhabdophaga salicifolia Felt.

SUMAC (Rhus)

Pemphigus rhois. Walsh ’69,p.108. Rhus typhina and R. glabra. N. H. Sumac tomato
gall, plate 18, 96.

Fungus or Eriophyes. Rhus copallina, R. glabra. Mass. Oct. Curling end of stalks,
plate 19, 97.

SWEET FERN (Myrica asplenifolia)

Oligotrophus asplenifolia. Sweet fern. July. Bits of leaf margins rolled under and
thickened forming reddish, shining galls about 2 mm. long, plate 10, 267.

Janetiella asplenifolia Felt.

THORN (Cratezgus)

Cecidomyia. Walsh Canad. Entom. ’69. Crategus crus-galle. Thorn. Mass. Late
May. Double crest; along veins near leaf margin with long white hairs on upper
side of leaf, plate 18, 180.

Hormomyia crategifolia Felt.

Cecidomyia. White thorn. Mass. July. Above leaf along mid-rib, 1-3 on leaf; when
young, conical, pale protuberance, when mature, a globular gall with deep hole in
center and covered with gland-tipped prominences so that it appears mossy. Digi-
tate tufts, plate 20, 233.

Lestodiplosis crategifolia Felt reared, though not the producer.

263.

264.

333.

40.

291.

105.

330.

331.

239.

a

38.

AMERICAN InsEcT GALLS: THOMPSON 65

Cecidomyia. Blister gall. Thorn. Mass. July... Above slight elevation color of leaf
surrounded by dull, purplish areola; below paler than leaf and somewhat wrinkled.
Circular gall 5-10 mm. diameter, plate 20, 263.

Lasioptera excavata Felt.

Cecidomyia. White thorn. On leaf =233. Fleshy base emitting a slender elevation
covered with filamentous branches.

Cecidomyia. Thorn leaf. Mass. July. Lipped, elongate orifice along a vein on upper
side; smooth, deep, leathery walled pocket beneath. Probably cecidomyious.

Known, not reared, unnamed.

THOROUGHWORT (Eupatorium)

Choristoneura perfoliata (n. sp.). o&@. Thoroughwort—Boneset. Mass. Oct. Ovoid
swelling of stem, plate 21, 40.
Neolasioptera perfoliata Felt.

Cecidomyia. Cone gall. Hwpatoriwum purpureum. Mass. Sept. Flower bud _ trans-
formed into a conical mass of linear scales. Small, orange, inquiline, cecidomyious
larva within, plate 20, 291.

Dasyneura purpurea Felt.

TULIP TREE (Liriodendron)

Cecidomyia liriodendri. O.S. ’67, p. 202. Tulip tree. Mass. July. Mahogany brown
with darker center, plate 20, 105.

Contarinia liriodendri O. 8.

TUPELO (Nyssa)

Eriophyes. Nyssa sylyatica gall. Mass. July. Margin thickened and rolled inward
giving a crinkled border which scallops the leaf, plate 20, 330.
Nyssa sylvatica. Pustular, pale yellow elevation above, 1 mm.; depression
with elevation in center below.

VIBURNUM

Cecidomyia. Viburnum acerifolium. July. Small blisters equally elevated on each side
of leaf, often ringed by crimson line, plate 20, 239.
Sackenomyia (?) viburnifolia Felt.

WILLOW (Salix)

Cecidomyia triticoides. Walsh ’64. Willow species. Mass. May—June. Remote re-
semblance to head of wheat. End of branch aborted making a dense tuft of small
leaves, plate 21, 37.
Rhabdophaga triticoides Walsh.
Phytoptus species. Willow, Mass. May. Elevated, irregular masses, single or compound;
on upper side of leaf and more rarely below. Both positions on same leaf. Green
or red according to host willow, plate 19, 38.

. Cecidomyia rigide. Walsh ’64, p. 591-598. .Willow club gall. Mass. June. O.S. calls

this “Cecid. siliqua.”” Egg evidently laid in terminal bud which is excavated by the
larva burrowing downward. Top appears to be always open, plate 21, 42.
Phytophaga rigide Walsh.

66

43.

61.

98.

107.

110.

265.

SUPPLEMENTARY List

Nematus pomum. Beut. Cat., p. 263-264. Willow. Mass. June. Walsh ’66, p. 255
—256, oo. Rounded, yellowish on under side of leaf. Provancher ’82, vol. 13,
p. 292. 9. Saw fly larva; single cell, plate 21, 43.

Cecidomyia verruca. Walsh 69, p. 226. Salix humilis. Mass. Oct. Walsh ’64, p.
606. Dome-shaped, glabrous, above; turret-like, below. Cells in level of leaf
proper, plate 21, 61.

Hormomyia verruca Walsh.

—, Walsh, ’66, p. 227. S. enigma. Probably acarus. Willow mop gall. Mass.
Oct. Aborted branch; twists to a dense, dark grey mop of dried leaves. Inner
ones short and smooth, outer very hairy, plate 21, 62.

. Cecidomyia nodulus. Walsh ’64, p. 599-601. Willow species. Mass. May-June. Like

club-gall, but less abrupt and does not destroy growth of stem, plate 21, 70.
Rhabdophaga nodula Walsh.

. Euura ovum. Walsh ’69, p. 49. Salix species. Mass. Oct. Ovoid, scurfy elevations

on stem; single cell, plate 18, 75.
Cecidomyia batatas. O.S. Felt ’06, p. 119-122. Rhabdophaga batatas Willow, Mass.,
R.I. May-June. Galls strung along stem; irregular, woody, plate 21, 98.
Rhabdophaga batatas O. S.

Nematus desmodioides. Walsh ’66, p. 257-258. Weeping willow. Mass. Late June.
Oval excrescence above and below leaf blade, plate 21, 107.
Cecidomyia strobiloides. Walsh ’66, p. 223. C. strobiliscus. Willow species. O.S. 67,
p. 203. C. strobiloides (n. sp.). Mass., N. H. June-July. Pine cone forms on
stem, plate 21, 110.
Rhabdophaga strobiloides Walsh.

Willow. Mass. July. Conical, smooth above leaf ; fleshy with small cavity
below, plate 21, 238.

WITCH-HAZEL (Hamamelis)

. Hormaphis spinosus. Cook ’05, p. 847, fig. 39. Hamamelistes spinosa. Witch-hazel.

Mass. July. Deformation of bud; spiny, plate 20, 101.

. Hormaphis hamamelidis. Pergande Dept. Agr. 1901, p. 1-24, fig. 1-11. Witch-hazel,

Mass. May. Cone on upper side of leaf, on or near lateral veins, plate 20, 143.

. Cecidomyia. Witch-hazel. Mass. June. Short fold downward along vein of leaf, plate

20, 201.
Unknown.

Cecidomyia. Witch-hazel. Mass. July. Blister not elevated above surface of leaf.
Color on lower side purple brown fading to magenta and pink; above color more
intense, center deep magenta with clear pink areola, plate 19, 265.
Known, not reared, unnamed.

a Whe rar |
7) ule is
Pal aa

Neuroterus distortus Bass., oak.
Callirhytis cornigerus O. S., oak.
Callirhytis scitula Bass., oak.
Callirhytis punctatus Bass., oak.
Neuroterus batatus Fitch, oak.
Holcaspis globulus Fitch, oak.
Neuroterus noxiosus Bass., oak.
Dryophanta palustris O. S., oak.
Callirhytis twmifica O. S., oak.
Holcaspis fasciata Bass. (small), oak.
Holcaspis bassetti Gill., oak.
Holcaspis mamma Walsh, oak.
Andricus ventricosa Bass., oak.

Biorhiza forticornis Walsh, oak.

PLATE 1

[68]

Txuompson, AM. GALLS PLATE 1

OAK GALLS

PLATE 2

Amphibolips confluentus Harr., oak.

Amphibolips prunus Walsh, oak.

Callirhytis saccularius Bass., oak.

Aulacidea podagre Bass., oak.

Andricus formosa Bass., oak.

Callirhytis operator O. S., spring form on catkins, oak.
Callirhytis operator O. S., fall form on acorns, oak.
Andricus osten-sackeni Bass., oak.

Callirhytis seminator Harr., oak.

Neuroterus floccosus Bass., oak.

Neuroterus vesiculus Bass., oak.

Andricus piger Bass., oak.

[70]

‘Tuompson, Am. GALLS Puare 2

\

OAK GALLS

Neuroterus rileyi Bass., oak.
Callirhytis similis Bass., oak.
Holcaspis globulus Fitch, oak.
Cynips frondosa Bass., oak.
Callirhytis clavula O. 8., oak.
Neuroterus favosus Bass., oak.
Neuroterus irregularis O. S., oak.
Callirhytis pulchra Bass., oak.
Solenozophoria vaccinit Ashm., oak.
Amphibolips inanis O.8., oak.
Andricus cicatriculus Bass., oak.
Diastrophus bassettit Beutm., oak.
Cynips decidua Bass., oak.
Gonaspis potentille Bass., oak.
Andricus capsula Bass., oak.

Philonix pezomachoides O. S., oak.

PLATE 3

[72]

Tuomeson, Am. GALis

OAK GALLS

PLATE 4

Dryophanta papula Bass., oak.
Neuroterus noxiosus Bass., oak.
Neuroterus umbilicatus Bass., oak.
Callirhytis papillata O. 8., oak.

Neuroterus nigrum Gill., oak.

Amphibolips sculpta Bass. (Beutenmuller considers this identical with A.

Harr.), oak.
Andricus perditor Bass., oak.
Philonix compressum Gill., oak.
Amphibolips ilicifolie Bass., oak.
Cynips glandulosus Riley, oak.

Andricus singularis Bass., oak.

[74]

nubilipennis

Puate 4

Tuompson, AM. GALLS

OAK GALLS

PLATE 5

Neuroterus floccosus Bass., oak.
Callirhytis futilis Bass., oak.
Andricus flocci Walsh, oak.
Diastrophus nebulosus O. §., oak.
Andricus piperoides Bass., oak.
Rhodites rose Linn., rose.
Dryophanta lanata Gill., oak.
Rhodites dichlocerus Harr., rose.
Rhodites bicolor Harr., rose.
Diastrophus radicum Bass., Rubus.
Rhodites ignota O. 8., rose.

Aulacidea podagre Bass., wild lettuce.
Diastrophus turgidus Bass., Rubus.
Diastrophus cuscuteformis O. S., Rubus.

Hxoascus sp. on wild cherry, Prunus.

[76]

THompson, Am. GALLS PLATE 5

85

INSECT GALLS

PLATE 6

Dasyneura serrulate O. §., alder. j
30 Hriophyes on alder.
225 Exobasidium andromede, Andromeda.
89 Dasyneura tumidosee Felt, ash.
138 EHriophyes fraxiniflore Felt, ash.
198 LHriophyes fraxini Garm., ash.
266 Eriophyes (2) fraxiniflore Felt, ash.

x 240 Cecidomyia, undescribed, causing enlargement of the Base of the peule ash.

— 123 Neolasioptera ramuscula Beutm., aster.

}

Tuompson, Am. GALLS PLaTE 6

240

INSECT GALLS

266

PLATE 7

50 Rhopalomyia (2) thomi Felt, Solidago. | ane ae
Pale — 299 Lasioptera impatientifolia Felt, touch-me-not.

157 ~=Hriophyes on bayberry, Myrica. 5 eek 2

284 Cecidomyia impatientis O. S., touch-me-not.
32 Hriophyes on black birch.
140 Hriophyes on sweet birch.

31. Eriophyes on beech.

87 Lasioptera nodulosa Beutm., blackberry.

93 Cecidomyia serotine O.8., wild cherry.

¥ 223 Contarinia virginiensis Felt, wild cherry.

65 Contarinia clematidis Felt, clematis.

[80]

‘

PLATE

Tompson, AM. GALLS

LS

INSECT GAL

PLATE 8

Eriophyes (2) padi Nal., plum.
Diastrophus niger Bass., Potentilla.
Unknown, on buttonbush.

Neolasioptera sambuci Felt, Cornus.

(?) Agromyza, on clematis.

Mycodiplosis ceraszfolia Felt, wild cherry.
Colopha ulmicola Fitch, elm.

Lasioptera farinosa O. 8., blackberry.
Youngomyia umbellicola O. S., elder.
Unknown, probably Cecidomyid, on chestnut.
Crimson button (Hriophyes) on grape.

Arthrocnodax sambucifolia Felt, the larvee of this midge were probably preying upon mites
which caused the deformation.

(?) Eriophyes gall, on Pyrus arbutifolia.

Tuompson, Am. GALLS PLATE 8

INSECT GALLS

PLATE 9

Pemphigus ulmi-fusus Riley, slippery elm.

Asteromyia petiolicola Felt, grape.

Lasioptera vitis O. §., grape.

Unknown Coleopterous gall on grape.

Schizomyia pomum Walsh, grape.

EHucosma scudderiana Clem., Solidago.

Rhopalomyia hirtipes O. 8., young galls, subterranean form, Solidago.
Asphondylia monacha O. 8., Solidago.

Rhopalomyia hirtipes O. 8., mature, aerial form, Solidago.
Lasioptera solidaginis O. S. (tumifica Beutm.), Solidago.
Eurosta solidaginis Fitch, Solidago.

Puccinia solidaginis Peck, rust on Solidago.

Rhopalomyia solidaginis O. S., Solidago.

Rhopalomyia bulbula Felt, Solidago.

[84]

Tompson, Am. GALLS PLAT:

INSECT GALLS

PLATE 10

Rhopalomyia (?) thompsoni Felt, Solidago.
Gnorimoschema gallesolidaginis Riley, Solidago.
Rhopalomyia hirtupes O. S., Solidago.
Eurosta reticulata Snow, Solidaga.
Asteromyia rubra Felt, Solidago.

Eutreta sparsa Wied., Solidago.

Phytophaga ulmi Beutm., elm.

Asteromyia agrostis O. S., Muhlenbergia.
Janetiella asplenifolia Felt., sweet fern.
Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma Pack., hackberry.
Phylloxera rimosalis Perg., hickory.
Eriophyes on hickory.

Cecidomyia viticola O. S., grape.

Caryomyia tubicola O. 8., hickory.

[ 86]

Tuompson, Am. GALLS PLATE 10

INSECT GALLS

PLATE 11 —

20 Phylloxera carye-fallax Riley.
Eriophyes on hazel.
84 Phylloxera caryecaulis Fitch, hickory.
84 Phylloxera galls on walnut.
23 Fungus on hickory.
226 Caryomyia caryecola O. §., hickory.
218 Caryomyia carye O. §., hickory.
245° Caryomyia carye O.8., hickory.
230 Caryomyia species, hickory.
AT ~Caryomyia sanguinolenta O. S., hickory.

230-231 = Caryomyia tubicola O. 8S. and Caryomyia sp., hickory.

7“

Tuompson, Am. GALLs PLATE 11

3
ay 84 Wall

230-23!

HICKORY GALLS

PLATE 12

Caryomyia sanguinolenta O. §., hickory.
Caryomyia carye O. §., hickory.
Caryomyia thompsoni Felt, hickory.
Caryomyia carye O. S., hickory.
Caryomyia carye O. §., hickory.
Caryomyia holotricha O. S., hickory.
Mycodiplosis holotricha Felt, hickory.
Phylloxera carye-globuli Pack., hickory.
Caryomyia carye O.S8., hickory.

Phylloxera avellana Perg., hickory.

[90]

Tuompson, AM. GALLs PLATE 12

HICKORY GALLS

PLATE 13

Phylloxera carye-semen Pack., hickory.

Caryomyia inanis Felt probably true producer; Clinodiplosis carye Felt,
inquiline, hickory.

Caryomyia holotricha O. S., hickory.

Caryomyia species, hickory.

Aphid on sugar maple.

Eriophyes acericola Garm., maple.

Cecidomyia pudibunda O. 8., ironwood, Carpinus.
Agromyza magnicornis Lw., iris.

Lasioptera lycopi Felt, bugle weed, Lycopus.

presumably an

13

PLATE

Tuomeson, Am. GALLS

LS

4

CT GAIL

INSE

PLATE 14

Cecidomyia ocellaris O. S., soft maple.
Eriophyes quadripes Shim., soft maple.
Eriophyes on Acer rubrum, red maple.
Eriophyes (?) abnormis Garm., soft maple.
Cecidomyia citricola O. S., basswood.
Cecidomyia citricola O. S., basswood.
Exobasidium vacciniti Wor., huckleberry flowers.
Eedytolopha insiticiana Zell., locust.
Eriophyes quadripes Shim., soft maple.
Dasyneura gleditschie O. 8., honey locust.
Dasyneura communis Felt, red maple.

Dasyneura lysimachie Beutm., loosestrife.

Cecidomyia verrucicola O. 8., probably young stage, basswood.

[94 ]

THompson, Am. GALLS Piatr 14

INSECT GALLS

15

PLATE 15

Cecidomyia niveipila O. 8., oak.

(?) Neuroterus sp., oak.

Cincticornia species, oak.

Cecidomyia majalis O.8., oak.
Cincticornia species, oak.

Cecidomyta species, oak.

Cincticornia pilule Walsh, oak.
Cecidomyia species, oak.

Fungus on red and chestnut oak leaves.
(?) Lasioptera querciperda Felt, oak.
Amphibolips (?) globulus Beutm., oak.
Biorhiza forticorms Fitch, oak.

(?) Holcaspis globulus Fitch, oak.

[96]

Tuompson, Am. GALLS PLATE 15

OAK GALLS

PLATE 16

Cincticornia pustuloides Beutm., oak.

161 Cynipid or fungus, oak.

139 Cecidomyia poculum O.S8., oak. ,
146 Eriophyes on oak.

246 Unknown, on oak.

174 Andricus petiolicola Bass., oak.

271 Neuroterus (2) verrucarum O. 8., oak.

175 (2) Neuroterus sp., oak.

288 Possibly Dryophanta pedunculata Bass., developing on tender oak twig.
276 Cynips strobilana O. §., oak.

Tuomeson, Am. GALLS PLATE 16

OAK GALLS

277

209
236
273

53
305
283

21
318

PLATE 17

Andricus rileyi Ashm., oak.

Cecidomyia species, Cornus.

Uninowne on oak.

Callirhytis papillatus O. S., chestnut oak.
Eriophyes on plum.

Andricus lana, oak.

Cecidomyia balsamicola Lintn., balsam fir.
(?) Mycodiplosis populifolia Felt, poplar.

Chermes abietis Linn., spruce.

[100]

PLATE |

TuHomeson, Am. GALLS

INSECT GALLS

PLATE 18

Andricus lana Fitch, oak.

Eriophyes on poison ivy.

Andricus lana, oak.

Chermes abietis Linn., sorte.

(2) Dryophanta ignota Bass., oak.
(2) Dryophanta ignota Bass., early stage, ‘oak.
Cecidomyia pini-rigide Pack., pine.

: Hormomyia crategifolia Felt, Crategus.

(?) Hormomyia clarket Felt, Cratzegus.
Huura ovwm Walsh, willow.

Pemphigus rhois Walsh, sumac. -
Ectademia poputella Busck, poplar.

_ Pemphigus populicaulis Pack., poplar.
Mycodiplosis populifolia Felt, poplar.

PLATE |

THompson, Am. Gatus

GALLS

INSECT

265

PLATE 19

Hriophyes species on poplar.
Rhabdophaga salicifolia Felt, spirea.
Pemphigus vagabundus Walsh, poplar.
Hormomyia canadensis Felt, shad-bush.

Dasyneura rosarum Hardy, rose.

Hormomyia canadensis Felt, shad-bush.

Eriophyes on willow.

Eriophyes or fungus on Rhus copallina.

Cecidomyia, not reared, on witch-hazel.

[ 104 ]

TuHompson, Am. GALLS Puate 19

INSECT GALLS

PLATE 20

105 Contarinia liriodendri O. 8., tulip tree.
201 Cecidomyia on witch-hazel.
143. Hormaphis hamamelidis Perg., witch-hazel.

233 Lestodiplosis crategifolia Felt. (This is a predaceous form, the true producer is unknown),
Crategus.

101 Hormaphis spinosus Shim., witch-hazel.

330 Eriophyes on Nyssa.

291 Dasyneura purpurea Felt, Joepye-weed.

263 Lasioptera excavata Felt, Crategus.

239 Sackenomyia (?) viburnifolia Felt, Viburnum.

104 Rhabdophaga salicifolia Felt, spirea.

[ 106 ]

Tuomeson, Am. GALLS PLATE 20

INSECT GALLS

107
110
43
37
42
238
70
98
62
61
40

PLATE 21

Nematus desmodioides Walsh, willow.
Rhabdophaga strobiloides Walsh, willow.
Nematus pomwm Walsh, willow.
Rhabdophaga triticoides Walsh, willow.
Phytophaga rigide Walsh, willow.

(2) Cecidomyia on willow.
Rhabdophaga nodula Walsh, willow.
Rhabdophaga batatas Walsh, willow.
EHriophyes on willow.

Hormomyia verruca Walsh, willow.

Neolasioptera perfoliata Felt, thoroughwort.

[ 108 ]

» Te DO
THompson, Am. GALLS PLATE 21

62

INSECT GALLS

abnormis, Eriophyes, 58, 94
abietis, Chermes, 62, 100, 102
acericola, Eriophyes, 92
acerinum, Rhytisma, 59
Acraspis, list of species and synonymy
35-36

bicolor, 35

compressum = Philonix

echini = Philonix

erinacei = Philonix

fulvicollis = Philonix

gillettei = Philonix niger

lanaeglobuli = Philonix

macrocarpae = Philonix

pezomachoides = Philonix

politus = Philonix

undulata = Philonix

villosus = Philonix
acuminata, Amphibolips, 16, 34
affinis, Neurotus=N. vesiculus
agrifoliae, Callirhytis, $, 26, 29
Agromyza magnicornis, 58, 92
agrostis, Asteromyia, 54, 86

Cecidomyia = Asteromyia
Albugo canadensis, 64
ambrosiaecola, Aulacidea, 25, 43

Aulax = Aulacidea
amentorum, Exoascus, 50
Amphibolips, list of species and syn-

onymy, 34-35

acuminata, 16, 34

badius, 34

caroliniensis, 16, 34

cinerea, 17, 34

citriformis, 17, 34

coelebs, 20, 34

confluentus, 16, 26, 34, 70

cookii, 17, 34

fuliginosa, 9, 34

gainsi, 21, 34

globulus, 60, 96

ilicifoliae, 17, 34, 74

inanis, 17, 34, 72

longicornis, 16, 35

melanocera, 17, 35

nubilipennis, 14, 15, 35, 74

palmeri, 16, 35

prunus, 21, 35, 70

racemaria, 15, 35

sculpta= A. nubilipennis

spinosa, 16, 35

tinctoriae, 17, 35

trizonata, 21, 35

verna, 35
Andricus, list of species and syn-
onymy, 26-34

apicalis, 5, 31

INDEX

batatoides, 6, 31
blastophagus, 20, 31
ealifornicus, 8, 31
ealycicola, 11, 21, 31
capsula, 20, 31, 72
capsualus, 10, 31
cellularius, 11, 31
chinquapin, 20, 31
chrysolepidis, 9, 31
cieatriculus, 12, 31, 72
cinerosus, 9, 31
cinnamomeus, 11, 31
clavigerus, 7, 31
congregatus, 8, 21, 31
coniferus, 9, 31
eoronus, 10, 46

coxii, 6, 31
erystallinus, 19, 32
eryptus, 5, 31
dasydactyli, 10, 32
davisi, 7, 46

dificilis, 8, 32
excavatus, 8, 32
exiguus, 20, 32
femoratus, 17, 32
flocci, 19, 32, 76
floridanus, 6, 32
foliatus, 11, 32
foliaformis, 18, 32
formosa, 10, 32, 70
frequens, 6, 32
fusiformis, 20, 3
gemmarius, 8, 3
howertoni, 7, 32
imbrieariae, 8, 32
indistinctus, 8, 32
infuseatus, 20, 32
kingi, 18, 32
lana, 62, 102
lanigerus, 19, 32
maxwelli, 8, 32
medullae, 6, 32
mexicanus, 20, 33
morrisoni, 12, 33
murtfeldtae, 8, 33

2
2

osten-sackenii, 17, 33, 70

pacificus, 9, 33
parmula, 18, 33
pattoni, 20, 33
perditor, 21, 33, 74
perplexus, 9, 33

petiolicola, 12, 33, 61, 98

piger, 13, 33, 70
piperoides, 19, 33
pomiformis, 8, 33
pruinosus, 18, 21, 33
quinqueseptum, 12, 33

rileyi, 18, 33, 100
rugosus, 15, 33
singularis, 17, 33, 74
speciosus, 19, 33
spongiola, 8, 34
stropus, 11, 34
topiarius, 11, 34
tubicola, 19, 3:
turneri, 21, 34
utricula, 18, 34
virens, 16, 34
ventricosus, 9, 34, 6S
wheeleri, 7, 46
wisliceni, 9, 34
andromeda, Exobasidium, 78
Antistrophus, list of species and syn-
onymy, 42
laciniatus = Aulax
leavenworthii = Aulax
minor =Aulax gillettei
pisum = Aulax
apiealis, Andricus, 5, 31
aquaticae, Callirhytis, 7, 29
Dryophanta, 14, 26, 37
arefactus, Rhodites, 22, 45
arizonica, Holcaspis, 12, 39
Arthroenodax sambucifolia, 53, 82
Asclepiadiphila stephanotis = Aulax
pisum
astericaulis, Rhopalomyia, 51
Asphondylia monacha, 50, 54, S4
asplenifolia, Janetiella, 64, 86
Asteromyia agrostis, 54, 86
petiolicola, 54, 84
rubra, 54, 86
Aulacidea, list of species and syn-
onymy, 43
ambrosiaecola, 25, 43
bicolor, 24, 42, 43
mulgedicola =A. bicolor
nabali, 24, 43
podagrae, 24, 43, 70, 76
solidaginis = A. tumida
Aulax, list of species and synonymy,
43
ambrosiaecola = Aulacidea
gillettei, 25, 42
glechomae, 25, 44
laciniatus, 25, 43
leavenworthii, 24, 25, 42
nabali=Aulacidea
pisum, 25, 43, 46
podagrae = Aulacidea
rufus, 25, 42, 43
silphii = A. leavenworthii
sonchicola = Aulacidea tumida
taraxaci, 24, 46°

112

tumidus = Aulacidea podagrae
avellana, Phylloxera, 56, 90
badius, Amphibolips, 34
balsamicola, Cecidomyia, 62, 100
bassetti, Diastrophus, 23, 44, 72
Holeaspis, 10, 39, 68
Bassettia, list of species, 36
floridana, 36
gemmae, 36
pallida, 36
tenuicornis, 20, 36
batatas, Neuroterus, 6, 40, 68
Rhabdophaga, 66, 108
batatoides, Andricus, 6, 31
batatorum, Tribalia=Rhodites rad-
icum
Belenocnema, list of species, 36
colorado, 36
treatae, 5, 37
bella, Dryophanta, 17, 37
bicolor, Acraspis, 35
Aulacidea, 24, 42, 43
Rhodites, 23, 45, 76
Biorhiza, list of species and syn-
onymy, 36
forticornis, 10, 36, 60, 68, 96
mellea, 36
nigra, 36
hirta = Philonix
blastophagus, Andricus, 20, 31
brevipennata, Holcaspis, 17, 39
brunneus, Compsodryoxenos, 10, 37
bulbula, Rhopalomyia, 55, 84
californicus, Andricus, 8, 31
Callaspidia globulus = Holcaspis
Callirhytis, list of species and syn-
onymy, 29-31
agrifoliae, 9, 26, 29
aquaticae, 7, 29
cellae, 18, 29
ceropteroides, 5, 29
clarkei, 20, 29
clavula, 7, 26, 29, 72
cornigera, 7, 29, 68
crassicornis, 9
fruticola, 21, 29 =
futilis, 13, 76
lasius, 20, 29
nigrae, 12, 29
modesta, 13, 29
operatola, 21, 30
operator, 11, 30, 70
palustris= Dryophanta
papillatus, 13, 30, 74, 100
parvifoliae, 12, 30
pilula, 18, 30
pulchra, 20, 30, 72
punctatus, 6, 30, 68
pusulatoides, 14, 30
radicis, 5, 30
reticulata, 12, 30
rhizoxenos, 5, 30

INDEX

ruginosus, 6, 30

saccularius, 14, 31, 70

scitula, 5, 30, 68

seminator, 11, 30, 70

seminosus, 6, 30

similis, 7, 30, 72

suleatus, 12, 29

suttoni, 7, 30

tuberosa, 6, 31

tumifica, 12, 31, 68

vaccinifoliae, 17, 31
calyeicola, Andricus, 11, 21, 31
canadensis, Albugo, 64

Hormomyia, 63, 64, 104
canescens, Holeaspis, 9, 39
capsualus, Andricus, 10, 31
capsula, Andricus, 20, 31, 72
carbonaria, Cecidomyia, 54
carolina, Dryophanta, 12, 37

Rhodites, 23, 45
caroliniensis, Amphibolips, 16, 34
caryae, Caryomyia, 56, 57, 88

Parallelodiplosis, 57
caryaecola, Caryomyia, 56, 88
caryaecaulis, Phylloxera, 55, 88
caryae-fallax, Phylloxera, 55, 88
caryae-foliae, Phylloxera, 56
caryae-globuli, Phylloxera, 55, 90
caryae-semen, Phylloxera, 57, 92
caryae-septum, Caryomyia, 57
caryae-venae, Phylloxera, 56
Caryomyia caryae, 56, 57, 88, 90

caryaecola, 56, 88

holotricha, 55, 56, 57, 90, 92

inanis, 57, 92

sanguinolenta, 56, 57, 88, 90

thompsoni, 56, 90

tubicola, 55, 56, 86, 88
catesbaei, Neuroterus, 5, 40
Cecidomyia agrostis = Asteromyia

balsamicola, 62, 100

batatas = Rhabdophaga

carbonaria, 54

cayaecola, 56

citricola, 58, 94

cynipsea, 57

erubescens, 60

farinosa = Lasioptera

gleditschiae = Dasyneura

hirtipes = Rhopalomyia

holotricha, 55

impatientis, 80

liriodendri = Contarinia

majalis, 60, 96

niveipila, 59, 96

nodulus = Rhabdophaga

ocellaris, 59, 94

pellex, 50

pilulae = Cineticornia

pini-rigidae, 102

poculum, 98

pomum =Schizomyia

pudibunda, 58, 92
ocellaris, 59
rigidae = Phytophaga
salicifoliae = Rhabdophaga
sambuci= Neolasioptera
sanguinolenta, 56
serotinae, 52, 80
serrulatae = Dasyneura
strobiloides = Rhabdophaga
triticoides = Rhabdophaga
tubicola = Caryomyia
ulmi=Phytophaga
umbellicola = Youngomyia
verruca = Hormomyia
verrucicola, 58, 94
virginianiae, 52
viticola, 53, 86
cellae, Callirhytis, 13, 29
cellularius, Andricus, 11, 31
celtidis-mamma, Pachypsylla, 55, 86
centricola, Holeaspis, 17, 39
cerasifolia, Mycodiplosis, 52, 82
ceropteroides, Callirhytis, 5, 29
Chermes abietis, 62, 100, 102
chinquapin, Andricus, 20, 31
Figites, 38
Choristoneura perfoliata =Neolasiop-
tera
ramuscula = Neolasioptera
chrysolepidicola, Cynips, 7, 26
chrysolepidis, Andricus, 9, 31
cicatriculus, Andricus, 12, 31, 72
Cincticornia pilulae, 60, 96
pustuloides, 60, 98
cinerea, Amphibolips, 17, 34
cinereae, Dryophanta, 14, 38
cinerosus, Andricus, 9, 31
cinnamomeus, Andricus, 11, 31
citricola, Cecidomyia, 58, 94
citriformis, Amphibolips, 17, 34
clarkei, Callirhytis, 20, 29 -
Dryophanta, 12, 38
Hormomyia, 64, 102
clavigerus, Andricus, 7, 31
clavula, Callirhytis, 7, 26, 29, 72
Lasioptera, 62
clematidis, Contarinia, 52, 80
coelebs, Amphibolips, 20, 34
Colopha ulmicola, 538, 82
colorado, Belenocnema, 36
Holeaspis, 9, 39
communis, Dasyneura, 59, 94
compressum, Acraspis = Philonix
Philonix, 15, 35, 74
Compsodryoxenus brunneus, 10, 37 -
maculipennis, 6, 37
confluentus, Amphibolips, 16, 26, 34,
70
confusa, Dryophanta, 14, 37
congregatus, Andricus, 8, 21, 31
Neuroterus, 12, 40
coniferus, Andricus, 9, 31

AMERICAN INSECT GALLS: THOMPSON

consimilis, Neuroterus, 6, 40
Contarinia clemnatidis, 52, 80
liriodendri, 65, 106
virginianiae, 52, 80
cookii, Amphibolips, 17, 34
coquilletti, Trichoteras, 18, 42
corallinus, Holeaspis, 9, 39
cornicola, Neolasioptera, 62
cornigera, Callirhytis, 7, 29, 68
coronus, Andricus, 10, 46
corrugis, Holeaspis, 39
coryli, Lasiopteryx, 55
coxii, Andricus, 6, 31
erassicornis, Andricus, 9
crassitelus, Neuroterus, 40
erataegifolia, Hormomyia, 64, 102
Lestodiplosis, 64, 106
cryptus, Andricus, 5, 31
crystallinus, Andricus, 19, 32
cuscutaeformis, Diastrophus, 23, 44,
76
ce. vesiculorum, Pachypsylla, 55
Cynips, list of species and synonymy,
26-29
chrysolepidicola, 7, 26
deciduae, 19, 26, 72
dimorphus, 19, 26
echinus, 19, 27
frondosa, 11, 27
glandulosus, 21, 27, 74
juglans, 21, 27
nigricens, 19, 28
notha, 14, 28
prinoides= Philonix
strobilana, 10, 28, 61, 9S.
washingtonensis, 8, 29
cynipsea, Phylloxera, 57
Dactylosphaera depressum =Phyl-
loxera
dasydactyli, Andricus, 10, 32
Dasyneura communis, 59, 94
gleditschiae, 59, 94
lysimachiae, 59, 94
rosarum, 63, 104
purpurea, 65, 106
serrulatae, 50, 78
tumidosae, 50, 78
davisi, Andricus, 7, 46
deciduae, Cynips, 19, 26, 72
deplanata, Phylloxera, 56
depressa, Phylloxera, 55
desmodioides, Nematus, 66, 108
Diastrophus, list of species and syn-
onymy, 44
bassetti, 23, 44, 72
cuscutaeformis, 23, 44, 76
fusiformans, 23, 44
kineaidii, 24, 44
minimus, 23, 44
nebulosus, 24, 44, 76
niger, 23, 44, 82

radicum, 23, 44, 76

turgidus, 24, 44, 76
dichlocerus, Rhodites, 22, 45, 76
dificilis, Andricus, 8, 32
dimorphus, Cynips, 19, 26
Diplosis caryae,%56

pini-rigidae, ‘62
discus, Dryophanta, 18, 37
distortus, Neuroterus, 5, 40, 68
ditissima, Nectria, 57
Dolichostrophus majalis, 14, 37
douglasii, Holcaspis, 10, 39
Dryophanta, list of species and syn-

onymy, 37-38

aquaticae, 14, 26, 37

bella, 17, 37

carolina, 12, 37 :

cinereae, 14, 38

confusa, 14, 37

clarkei, 12, 38

discus, 18, 37

eburneus, 18, 37

emoryi, 17, 37

gemula, 11, 37

glabra=D. eburnea

ignota, 20, 37, 62, 102

lanata, 20, 37, 76

laurifoliae, 14, 37

liberaecellulae, 14, 37

longicornis, 6, 38

notha, 38

nubila, 20, 38

pallipes, 11, 38

palustris, 21, 38

papula,*13, 38, 74

parvula, 38

pedunculata, 20, 38, 62, 98

polita, 18, 38

porterae=D. pulchripennis

pulchripennis, 18, 38

pumiliventris, 8, 38

quercifoliae, 14, 38

radicola, 5, 38

rydbergiana, 16, 38

similis = D. simillina

simillina, 18, 38

texana, 38
Dryorhizoxenos floridanus, 5, 37
dubia, Neuroterus, 40
duricoria, Holeaspis, 9

_ eburneus, Dryophanta, 18, 37

echini, Acraspis = Philonix
Philonix, 15, 35

echinus, Cynips, 19, 27

Eedytolopha insiticiana, 59, 94

BEctoedemia poputella, 63, 102

emoryi, Dryophanta, 17, 37

erinacei, Acraspis = Philonix
Philonix, 15, 35

Eriophyes abnormis, 58, 94
acericola, 92

113

fraxini, 50, 78
fraxiniflorae, 50, 78
laevis, 50
padi, 52
quadripes, 59, 94
ulmi, 53
erubescens, Cecidomyia, 60
Eucosma seudderiana, 54, 84
Eumayria floridana, 38
Burosta reticulata, 55, 86
solidaginis, 54, 84
Eutreta sparsa, 55, 86
Euura ovum, 66, 102
excavata, Lasioptera, 65, 106
excavatus, Andricus, 8, 32
exiguissimus, Neuroterus=N.
cosus
exiguus, Andricus, 20, 32
Neuroterus, 20, 40
Exoascus amentorum, 50
Exobasidium andromeda, 78
vaccinii, 94
farinosa, Lasioptera, 51, 82
fasciata, Holeaspis, 9, 39, 61, 68
favosus, Neuroterus, 13, 40, 72
femoratus, Andricus, 17, 32
ficigera, Holeaspis, 10, 39
ficula, Holcaspis=H. spongiosa
Figites chinquapin, 38
flavipes, Neuroterus, 13, 40
flocci, Andricus, 19, 32, 76
floccosus, Neuroterus, 13, 19, 40, 70,
76
floridana, Eumayria, 38
floridanus, Andricus, 6, 32
. Dryorhizoxinos, 5, 37
foliaformis, Andricus, 18, 32
foliatus, Andricus, 11, 32
formosa, Andricus, 10, 32, 70
forticornis, Biorhiza, 10, 36, 60, 68, 96
foveola, Phylloxera, 56
fragilis, Neuroterus, 14, 40
fraxini, Eriophyes, 50, 78
fraxiniflorae, Eriophyes, 50, 78
frequens, Andricus, 6, 32
frondosa, Cynips, 11, 27
fruticola, Callirhytis, 21, 29
fulgens, Rhodites, 45
fuliginosa, Amphibolips, 9, 34
fulvicollis, Acraspis = Philonix
Philonix, 35
fusiformis, Andricus, 20, 32
fusiformans, Diastrophus, 23, 44
Rhodites, 22, 45
futilis, Callirhytis, 13, 76
gainsi, Amphibolips, 21, 34
gallaesolidaginis, Gnorimoschema, 54,
86
g-asteriella, Gnorimoschema, 51
gemmarius, Andricus, 8, 32
gemula, Dryophanta, 11, 37

floc-

114

Gillettia taraxaci = Aulax
gillettei, Acraspis = Philonix niger
Aulax, 25, 42
Neuroterus, 13, 40
glabra, Dryophanta=D. eburnea
glandulosus, Cynips, 21, 27, 74
glechomae, Aulax, 25, 44
Liposthenus = Aulax
gleditschiae, Dasyneura, 59, 94
globuloides, Rhodites, 22, 45
globulus, Amphibolips, 60, 96
Callaspidia = Holcaspis
Cecidomyia, 60, 61
Holeaspis, 8, 9, 37, 39, 68, 72, 96
Rhodites=R. globuloides
Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis, 54,
86
e-asteriella, 51
Gonaspis potentillae, 23, 44, 52, 72
scutellaris, 44
gracilis, Rhodites, 23, 45
hamamelidis, Hormaphis, 66, 106
hirta, Biorhiza = Philonix
Philonix, 15, 35
hirtipes, Cecidomyia = Rhopalomyia
Rhopalomyia, 54, 84, 86
Holeaspis, list of species and syn-
onymy, 39.
arizonica, 12, 39
bassetti, 10, 39, 68
brevipennata, 17, 39
canescens, 9, 39
centricola, 17, 39
colorado, 9, 39
corallinus, 9, 39
corrugis, 39
douglasii, 10, 39
duricoria =H. mamma
fasciata, 9, 39, 61, 68
ficigera, 10, 39
ficula=H. spongiosa
globulus, 8, 9, 37, 39, 60, 61, 68,
72, 96
maculipennis, 17, 39
mamma, 9, 39, 68
monticola, 10, 39
omnivora, 9, 39
perniciosa, 9, 39
persimilis, 9, 39
rubens, 9, 39
rugosa =H. globulus
sileri, 9, 39
spongiosa, 10, 39
succinipes, 9, 39
truckeensis, 8, 39
holotricha, Caryomyia, 55, 56, 57, 90,
92
Mycodiplosis, 57, 90
Hormaphis hamamelidis, 66, 106
spinosus, 66, 106
Hormomyia canadensis, 63, 64, 104
caryae = Caryomyia

INDEX

clarkei, 64, 102
crataegifolia, 64, 102
verruca, 66, 108
howertoni, Andricus, 7, 32
Neuroterus, 13, 40
hubbardi, Parateras, 41
kineaidii, Diastrophus, 24, 44
kingi, Andricus, 18, 32
ignota, Dryophanta, 20, 37, 62, 102
Rhodites, 23, 45, 76
ilicifoliae, Amphibolips, 17, 34, 74
imbricariae, Andricus, 8, 32
impatientifolia, Lasioptera, 51, 80
impatientis, Cecidomyia, 80
inanis, Amphibolips, 17, 34, 72
Caryomyia, 57, 92
indistinctus, Andricus, 8, 32
infuscatus, Andricus, 20, 32
insiticiana, Ecdytolopha, 59, 94
irregularis, Neuroterus, 14, 40, 72
Janetiella asplenifolia, 64, 86
juglans, Cynips, 21, 27
laciniatus, Antistrophus = Aulax
Aulax, 25, 48
lactucae, Lasioptera, 58
laevis, Eriophyes, 50
lana, Andricus, 62, 102
lanaeglobuli, Acraspis = Philonix
Philonix, 16, 36
lanata, Dryophanta, 20, 37, 76
lanigerus, Andricus, 19, 32
Lasioptera clavula, 62
cornicola = Neolasioptera
excavata, 65, 106
farinosa, 51, 82
impatientifolia, 51, 80
lactucae, 58
lycopi, 58, 92
nodulosa, 51, 80
querciperda, 60, 96
solidaginis, 54, 84
tumifiea = L. solidaginis
vitis, 53, 84
Lasiopteryx coryli, 55
lasius, Callirhytis, 20, 29
laurifolae, Dryophanta, 14, 37
Neuroterus, 20, 40
Spathegaster, 42
leavenworthu, Antistrophus= Aulax
Aulax, 24, 25, 42
lenticularis, Rhodites, 22, 45
Lestodiplosis crataegifolia, 64, 106
liberaecellulae, Dryophanta, 14, 37
Liposthenus glechomae= Aulax
liriodendri, Contarinia, 65, 106
longicornis, Amphibolips, 16, 35
Dryophanta, 6, 38
longipennis, Neuroterus, 7, 40
Loxaulus mammula, 6, 40
spicata, 10, 40
lycopi, Lasioptera, 58, 92
lysimachiae, Dasyneura, 59, 94

macrocarpae, Acraspis = Philonix

Philonix, 15, 36
maculipennis, Compsodryoxenos, 6,

Sia

Holeaspis, 17, 39
magnicornis, Agromyza, 58, 92
majalis, Cecidomyia, 60, 96

Dolichostrophus, 14, 37
mamma, Holcaspis, 9, 39, 68
mammula, Loxaulus, 6, 40
maxwelli, Andricus, 8, 32
mexicanus, Andricus, 20, 33
melanocera, Amphibolips, 17, 35
medullae, Andricus, 6, 32
mellea, Biorhiza, 36

Sphaeroteras, 15, 42
minor, Antistrophus = Aulax gillettei
minimus, Diastrophus, 23, 44
minutissimus, Neuroterus, 19, 41
minutus, Neuroterus, 12, 41
modesta, Callirhytis, 13, 29
monacha, Asphondylia, 50, 54, 84
monticola, Holeaspis, 10, 39
morbosa, Plowrightia, 52
morrisoni, Andricus, 12, 33
mulgedicola, Aulacidea =A. bicolor
multispinosa, Rhodites, 22, 45
murtfeldtae, Andricus, 8, 33
Mycodiplosis cerasifolia, 52, 82

holotricha, 57, 90

populifolia, 63, 100, 102
nabali, Aulacidea, 24, 43

Aulax=Aulacidea
nebulosus, Diastrophus, 24, 44, 76

Rhodites, 23, 45
Nectria ditissima, 57
neglecta, Rhodites, 22, 45
Nematus desmodioides, 66, 108

pomum, 66, 108
Neolasioptera cornicola, 62

perfoliata, 65, 108

ramuscula, 50, 51, 78

sambuci, 52, 82
Neuroterus, list of species and syn-

onymy, 40-41

affinis = N. vesiculus

batatas, 6, 40, 68

eatesbael, 5, 40

congregatus, 12, 40

consimilis, 6, 40

crassitelus, 40

distortus, 5, 40, 68

dubia, 40

exiguus, 20, 40

exiguissimus=N. floccosus

favosus, 13, 40, 72

flavipes, 13, 40

-floceosus, 18, 19, 40, 70, 76

fragilis, 14, 40

gillettei, 13, 40

howertoni, 13, 40

irregularis, 14, 40, 72

laurifoliae, 20, 40
longipennis, 7, 40
minutus, 12, 41
minutissimus, 19, 41
nigrum, 13, 41, 74
noxiosus, 6, 13, 68, 41, 74
pallidus, 21, 41
pallipes, 18, 41
perminimus, 13, 41
politus, 13, 41
rileyi, 7, 41, 72
saltatorius, 18, 41
tectus, 5, 13, 41 -
umbilicatus, 18, 41, 74
vernus, 12, 21, 41
verrucarum, 18, 41, 61, 98
vesiculoides, 11
vesiculus, 11, 26, 40, 41, 70
virgeus, 5, 41
niger, Diastrophus, 23, 44, 82
Philonix, 16, 35, 36
nigra, Biorhiza, 36
nigrae, Callirhytis, 12, 29
nigricens, Cynips, 19, 28
_nigricollis, Acraspis, 36
nigrum, Neuroterus, 13, 41, 74
niveipila, Cecidomyia, 59, 96
nodula, Rhabdophaga, 66, 108
nodulosa, Lasioptera, 51, 80
notha, Cynips, 14, 28
Dryophanta, 38
noxiosus, Neuroterus, 6, 13, 68, 41, 74
nubila, Dryophanta, 20, 38
nubilipennis, Amphibolips, 14, 15, 35,
74 ‘
ocellaris, Cecidomyia, 59, 94
Oligotrophus asplenifolia = Janetiella
omnivora, Holeaspis, 9, 39
operatola, Callirhytis, 21, 30
operator, Callirhytis, 11, 30, 70
osten-sackenii, Andricus, 17, 33, 70
ovum, Euura, 66, 102
Pachypsylla celtidismamma, 55, 86
e-vesiculorum, 55
pacificus, Andricus, 9, 33
padi, Eriophyes, 52
Paedisea saligneana = Hucosma
seudderiana
pallidus, Neuroterus, 21, 41
pallipes, Andricus, 18, 41
Dryophanta, 11, 38
palmeri, Amphibolips, 16, 35
palustris, Callirhytis=Dryophanta
Dryophanta, 14, 21, 30, 38, 68
papillatus, Callirhytis, 13, 30, 74, 100
papula, Dryophanta, 13, 38, 74
Parateras hubbardi, 41
Parellolodiplosis caryae, 57
parmula, Andricus, 18, 33
parvifoliae, Callirhytis, 12, 30
parvula, Dryophanta, 38

AMERICAN INsEcT GALLS: THOMPSON

pattoni, Andricus, 20, 33
pedunculata, Dryophanta, 20, 38, 62,
98
pellex, Cecidomyia, 50
Pemphigus populicaulis, 63, 102
thois, 64, 102
ulmi-fusus, 53, 84
vagabundus, 63, 104
perditor, Andricus, 21, 33, 74
perfoliata, Neolasioptera, 65, 108
perminimus, Neuroterus, 13, 41
perniciosa, Holeaspis, 9, 39
perplexus, Andricus, 9, 33
persimilis, Holcaspis, 9, 39
petiolicola, Andricus, 12, 33, 61, 98
Asteromyia, 54, 84
pezomachoides, Acraspis = Philonix
Philonix, 15, 36, 61, 72
Philonix compressum, 15, 35, 74
echini, 15, 35
erinacei, 15, 35
fulvicollis, 35
hirta, 15, 35
lanaeglobuli, 16, 36
macrocarpae, 15, 36
niger, 16, 35, 36
pezomachoides, 15, 36, 61, 72
politus, 36
prinoides, 15, 28
villosus, 16, 36
Phylloteras rubinus, 15, 36, 41
Phylloxera avellana, 56, 90
caryaecaulis, 55, 88
earyae-fallax, 55, 88
earyae-foliae, 56
caryae-globuli, 55, 90
caryae-semen, 57, 92
caryae-septum, 57
caryae-venae, 56
deplanata, 56
depressa, 55
foveola, 56
rimosalis, 56, 86
Phytophaga rigidae, 65, 108
ulmi, 53, 86
quadripes = Eriophyes
Phytoptus vitis, 53
piger, Andricus, 13, 33, 70
pilula, Callirhytis, 18, 30
pilulae, Cincticornia, 60, 96
pini-rigidae, Cecidomyia, 102
Diplosis, 62
piperoides, Andricus, 19, 33
pisum, Antistrophus = Aulax
Aulax, 25, 43, 46
Plowrightia morbosa, 52
poculum, Cecidomyia, 98
podagrae, Aulacidea, 24, 43, 70, 76
Aulax= Aulacidea
polita, Dryophanta, 18, 38
Rhodites, 23, 45

politus, Acraspis = Philonix
Neuroterus, 13, 41
Philonix, 36
pomiformis, Andricus, 8, 33
pomum, Cecidomyia =Schizomyia
Schizomyia, 53, 84
Nematus, 66, 108
populicaulis, Pemphigus, 63, 102
populifolia, Mycodiplosis, 63, 100, 102
poputella, Ectoedemia, 63, 102
porterae, Dryophanta=D._ pulchri-
pennis
potentillae, Gonaspis, 23, 44, 52, 72
prinoides, Cynips= Dryophanta
Dryophanta, 15, 28
pruinosus, Andricus, 18, 21, 33
prunus, Amphibolips, 21, 35, 70
Puccinia solidaginis, 54, 84
pudibunda, Cecidomyia, 58, 92
pulchra, Callirhytis, 20, 30, 72
pulchripennis, Dryophanta, 18, 38
pumiliventris, Dryophanta, 8, 38
punctata, Trisolenia, 42
punctatus,. Callirhytis, 6, 30
purpurea, Dasyneura, 65, 106
pustuloides, Cincticornia, 60, 98
pusulatoides, Callirhytis, 14, 30
quadripes, Eriophyes, 59, 94
quercifoliae, Dryophanta, 14, 38
querciperda, Lasioptera, 60, 96
quinqueseptum, Andricus, 12, 33
racemaria, Amphibolips, 15, 35
radicis, Callirhytis, 5, 30
Trigonaspis, 5, 42
radicola, Dryophanta, 5, 38
radicum, Diastrophus, 23, 76, 44
Rhodites, 21, 44, 45
ramuscula, Neolasioptera, 50, 51, 78
reticulata, Callirhytis, 12, 30
Eurosta, 55, 86
Rhabdophaga batatas, 66, 108
nodula, 66, 108
salicifolia, 64, 104, 106
strobiloides, 66
triticoides, 65, 108
Rhodites, list of species
onymy, 45
arefactus, 22, 45
bicolor, 23, 45, 76
carolina, 23, 45
dichlocerus, 22, 45, 76
fulgens, 45
fusiformans, 22, 45
globuloides, 22, 45
globulus = R- globuloides
gracilis, 23, 45
ignota, 23, 45, 76
lenticularis, 22, 45
multispinosa, 22, 45
nebulosus, 23, 45
neglecta, 22, 45

and syn-

116

polita, 23, 45

radicum, 21, 44, 45

rosae, 22, 45, 76

rosaefoliae, 22, 23, 45

similis=R. arefactus

tuberculosa, 22, 46

tumidus, 22, 23, 45

utahensis, 21, 46

variabilis, 22, 23, 46

verna, 22, 46
rhois, Pemphigus, 64, 102
Rhopalomyia astericaulis, 51

bulbula, 55, 84

hirtipes, 54, 84, 86

solidaginis, 54, 84

thomi, 50

thompsoni, 55, 86
rhizoxenos, Callirhytis, 5, 30
Rhytisma acerinum, 59
tigidae, Phytophaga, 65, 108
rileyi, Andricus, 18, 33, 100

Neuroterus, 7, 41, 72
rimosalis, Phylloxera, 56, 86 :
rosae, Rhodites, 22, 45, 76
rosaefoliae, Rhodites, 22, 23, 45
rosarum, Dasyneura, 63, 104
rubens, Holeaspis, 9, 39

Phylloteras, 15, 36, 41
rubra, Asteromyia, 54, 86
rufus, Aulax, 25, 42, 43
ruginosus, Callirhytis, 6, 30
rugosa, Holeaspis =H. globulus
rugosus, Andricus, 15, 33
rydbergiana, Dryophanta, 16, 38
saccularius, Callirhytis, 14, 31, 70
Sackenomyia viburnifolia, 65, 106
salicifolia, Rhabdophaga, 64, 104, 106
saligneana, Paedisca = Eucosma

scudderiana
saltatorius, Neuroterus, 18, 41
saltatus, Trisolenia, 8, 42
sambuci, Cecidomyia = Neolasioptera

Neolasioptera, 52, 82
sambucifolia, Arthrocnodax, 53
sanguinolenta, Caryomyia, 56, 57, 88,

90

Schizomyia pomum, 53, 84
Sciara ocellaris = Cecidomyia
scitula, Callirhytis, 5, 30, 68
scudderiana, Hucosma, 54, 84
sculpta, Amphibolips= Dryophanta
scutellaris, Gonaspis, 44
seminator, Callirhytis, 11, 30, 70
seminosus, Callirhytis, 6, 30
serotinae, Cecidomyia, 52, 80
serrulatae, Cecidomyia = Dasyneura

Dasyneura, 50, 78

INDEX

sileri, Holeaspis, 9, 39
silphii, Aulax=A. leavenworthii
simillina, Dryophanta, 18, 38
similis, Callirhytis, 7, 30, 72

Dryophanta =D. simillina

Rhodites=R. arefactus
singularis, Andricus, 17, 38, 74
Solenozophoria vaccinii, 25, 46, 72
solidaginis, Aulacidea = A. tumida

Eurosta, 54, 84

Trypeta, 54

Lasioptera, 54, 84

Pueeinia, 54, 84

Rhopalomyia, 54, 84
sonchicola, Aulax=Aulacidea tumida
sparsa, Eutreta, 55, 86
Spathegaster laurifoliae, 42
speciosus, Andricus, 19, 33
Sphaeroteras mellea, 15, 42
spicata, Loxaulus, 10, 40
spinosa, Amphibolips, 16, 35
spinosus, Hormaphis, 66, 106
spongiola, Andricus, 8, 34
spongiosa, Holeaspis, 10, 39
stephanotis, Asclepiadiphila = Aulax

pisum

strobilana, Cynips, 10, 28, 61, 98
strobiloides, Rhabdophaga, 66
stropus, Andricus, 11, 34
succinipes, Holcaspis, 9, 39
sulcatus, Callirhytis, 12, 29
suttonii, Callirhytis, 7, 30
taraxaci, Aulax, 24, 46

Gillettia = Aulax
tectus, Neuroterus, 5, 13, 41 =
tenuicornis, Bassettia, 20, 36
texana, Dryophanta, 38
thomi, Rhopalomyia, 50
thompsoni, Caryomyia, 56, 90

Rhopalomyia, 55, 86
tinctoriae, Amphibolips, 17, 35
topiarius, Andricus, 11, 34
treatae, Belenocnema, 5, 37
Tribalia batatorum=Rhodites radi-

cum

Trichoteras coquilletti, 18, 42
Trigonaspis radicis, 5, 42
Trisolenia punctata, 42

saltatus, 8, 42
triticoides, Rhabdophaga, 65, 108
trizonata, Amphibolips, 21, 35
truckeensis, Holeaspis, 8, 39
Trypeta solidaginis = Eurosta
tuberculosa, Rhodites, 22, 46
tuberosa, Callirhytis, 6, 31
tubicola, Andricus, 19, 34

Caryomyia, 55, 56, 86, 88

s

tumidosae, Dasyneura, 50, 78
tumidus, Aulax= Aulacidea podagrae
Rhodites, 22, 23, 46
tumifica, Callirhytis, 12, 31, 68
Lasioptera =L. solidaginis
turgidus, Diastrophus, 24, 44, 76
turneri, Andricus, 21, 34
ulmi, Cecidomyia = Phytophaga
Phytophaga, 53, 86
Eriophyes, 53
ulmicola, Colopha, 53, 82
ulmi-fusus, Pemphigus, 53, 84
umbellicola, Cecidomyia = Youngom-
yia
Youngomyia, 53, 82
umbilicatus, Neuroterus, 18, 41, 74
undulata, Acraspis = Philonix
utahensis, Rhodites, 21, 46
utricula, Andricus, 18, 34
vaccinifoliae, Callirhytis, 17, 31

-vaccinil, Exobasidium, 94

Solenozophoria, 25, 46, 72
Zopheroteras, 19, 36, 42
vagabundus, Pemphigus, 63, 104
variabilis, Rhodites, 22, 23, 46
ventricosus, Andricus, 9, 34, 68
verna, Amphibolips, 35
Rhodites, 22, 46
vernus, Neuroterus, 12, 21, 41
verruca, Hormomyia, 66, 108
verrucarum, Neuroterus, 18, 41, 61,
98
verrucicola, Cecidomyia, 58, 94
vesiculoides, Neuroterus, 11
vesiculus, Neuroterus, 11, 26, 40, 41,
70
viburnifolia, Sackenomyia, 65, 106
villosus, Acraspis = Philonix
Philonix, 16, 36
virens, Andricus, 16, 34
virgeus, Neuroterus, 5, 41
virginianiae, Cecidomyia =Contari-
nia
Contariniae, 52, 80
viticola, Cecidomyia, 53, 86
vitis, Phytoptus, 53
Lasioptera, 53, 84
volutellae, Xystoteras, 14, 42
washingtonensis, Cynips, 8, 29
wheeleri, Andricus, 7, 46
wisliceni, Andricus, 9, 34
Xanthoteras forticornis = Biorhiza
Xystoteras volutellae, 14, 42
Youngomyia umbellicola, 53, 82 -
Zopheroteras vaccinii. 19, 36, 42

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