OCT 24 1921

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

'7, IT3

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE 'zOOLOGY,

'■7J',I kli'i

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

No. VI.

SUPPLEMENT TO THE OPHIURIDiE AND ASTROPIIYTIDiE.

THEODORE LYMAN.

CAMBRIDGE:
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

1871.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

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OCT 24 1921

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIYE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

No. VI.
SUPPLEMENT TO THE OPHIUPJDiE AND ASTROPIIYTIDiE.

THEODORE LYMAN.

CAMBRIDGE:

PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

1871.

Univhrsitv Press: Wklch, Biceloxv, & Co,,
Cambkidge.

ERRATA,

IN No. I.

Page 9, 5th line from bottom, for Berthelet

10, 13th " " " " abyssicola

12, 5th " " top, " isocanthum

14, 22d " " " " Asterochcma

105,15th " " " " Five arms

118, 12th, 14th lines from top, " innermost

197, 5th line from top, right column " Asterochema
" 7th " " " " " " Asteromyx

198, 36th, 37th line from top, left column " 52

read Berthelot.

" abyssicolum.

" isacanthura.

" Asteroschema.

" Five or six arms.

" outermost.

" Asteroschema.

" Asteronyx.

" 152.

IN No. VI.

Page 7, 48th line from top far grandisquania read grandisquama.

8, 10th " " " " bevispina " brevispina.

8, 30th " " " ■' Micblin " Michelin.

" (18) Description Plates, iigs. 1 -6 " Ophyoglypha " Ophioglypha.

i

IN the SIX years that have passed since the imhllcation of the
first number of this Catalogue, which treated of Oj^hiurida;
and Astrophytidie, our knowledge of these families has consider-
ably increased. Many new species have been discovered, among
which the singular forms, brought up by the deep-sea dredgings
off Florida, and described in Bulletin No. 10, Vol. I., are of par-
ticular interest. In the present Supplement to the Catalogue,
figures are given of the most important of these deep-sea
Ophiurans ; and there are added descriptions of one new genus
and of five new species from shallow Avater. There are given,
.also, lists of the principal authors, and of the new species de-
scribed by them, since 1865, making a continuation of similar
lists published in Catalogue No. I.

LOUIS AGASSIZ.

Oclolcr 10, 1 8 71.

PRINCIPAL AUTHORS

SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF CATALOGUE No. I., IN MARCH, 1865.

To which are added some publications not before inclnded. The new species are mentioned

with each author.

Brady & Robertsox. Ann. and Ma<!;azinc of Nat. Hist., III. p. 355.

A notice of Opliiaiiopliis .innulosus, Sars, from W. Coast of Ireland.

DuCHASSAiNG, p. Animaux Radiaires dcs Antilles. 1850, p. 4.

Ophioderma variegata. (= O. brevicaiida Ltk. ?)

" saxatilis. (= Young of O. cinerea?)

Ophiolepis annulosa. M. T. (No such thing there.)

" tris(iuaniosa.

" vicina.

" nibida.

" Tancrcdi.

Ophiocoma scolopendrina. M T. (No snoh thing there.)

" scrpcntaria. M. T. (= O. cchinata Agass.)

" crassispin.a. M. T. (= " " " )

" punctata ( = O. puniila Ltk. ')

Ophiarachna gorgonia. M. T. (No such thing there.)

Ophiothrix fragili.s. M. T. (No such thing there.)

quinquefissa. (= O. or,stedii Ltk. ^)

Ophiura hcxactinia. Lmk. (No such thing there.)

Euryale costosura. ), , ^ ,. . oi»ii

-' . ■ (= Astronhyton costosuni oeba. 7)

" muncatum. \

Trichaster Isidis (= Astcroporpa, Ltk. ? vel Astrogomphus Lym. 1)

I never saw this little pamphlet till recently, and it seems also to have escaped Dr. Liitken's notice. It
antedates his descriptions of West Indian Ophiur.ans by several years ; but the short Latin descriptions are
so incomprehensible and so vague that I do not think they can be accepted as a basis for priority.

DujARDiN ET HcPB. Histoirc Naturclle dcs Zoiiphytes. 1862.

Astroporpa dasycl.adia. (= Astroporpa annulata.)
Astroschema affinis. (Good sp. ^
Grcbe, A. E. tiber einige seltene oder neue Ophiuriden. Verhand. dcr Schlesischen Gessellschaft.
1867, p. 22.
Astrophyton la;vipclle. (= A. asperum'?)
Ophiolepis adspcrsa.
Ophiothrix melanosfica.

" roseo-cccrulans.

" striolata.

Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, XXX. 1867.
Die Insel Lussin und ihre Meercsfauna. 1864.
Heller, C. Zoophytcn und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. 1868.
Pectinura Forbcsii. Lissa, p. 57.
Ophioglypha Grubei. (= O. albidal) Lesina, p. 58.

Ophiothrix alopecurus. M. T. He considers different from O. fragilis. p. 63.
IIekklots, J. A. Echinodcrmes de Kuhl, van Hasselt et Sal. Miiller. Bydragen tot de Dierkundc. 1869.
Colored drawings of Ophioniastix annulosa, Ophiolepis annulosa, Ophioplocus imbri-
catus, Ophiocoma picta, Ophiarachna incrassata, Ophiothri.x longipcJa, Ophiothrix
serrala, K. & v. Has. Good colors, but no details.

6 PRINCIPAL AUTHORS.

Ljunomax, Axel. Om iiii-ni ny.i aru-r af Opliiiiriiler. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vctcnskaps-Aknilcmions
Kr>rliaiullingar. 1866. No. 6.
Ophiogymna. Gen. hot.

Ophiogymna clcgans. Singapore, Hong Kong. p. IG.l.
Ophiothrix c!)']>eata. Singapore, p. 16.'i.
Ophiactis megollanica. Straits of Magellan, p. 1C4.

fragilis. Hawai. p. 164.
Ophiophragmus Loveni. Rio Janeiro, p. 165.
Amphipholia. Gen. nov. (Anipliiuric pars.) p. 165. See Bulletin Mii.i. Conip.

Zw'il., No. 10, Vol. I. p. .335.
Amphipholis .lanuarii. Rio .Janeiro, p. 165.
Ophioglypha Kinbergi. Sidney, N. H. p. 166.
Ophi'uroidea Vivenlia hue u.squc coguita. 6fver.*igt af Kongl. VetcnskapsAkadcmiens Fiirliand-
lingar. 1866. No. 9.

Ophiarachua stellatn. Singapon". p. 30.5.

sjiinosa. (= Ophiopeza fallax? Sec Ltk. Addit. III. 36.) I'oua Is.
]). .305.
Ophioglypha inultispina. Sidney, p. .307.

Tenori. Mediterranean (Oiiln'uia, Delle Clii.ije). p. .308.
Ophiopus. (Jen nov.

aretiens. Spitzbergen. p. 309.
Ophiouereis squaniatn. Honolulu, p. 310.

crassispina. Honolulu. ].. 311. (Sec IJulletin Mus. Conip. Zo.d.,
Vol. I., Xo. 10, p. 312, note.)
Amphipholis (vel Amphiura) deprcssa. Deep sea between Batavia and Singapore.

p. 312.
" " " inlegra. Port Natal, S. Af. p. 313.

" " " hastata. Mozambique, p. ,313.

" " " grisea. Gulf of Gu.iyaquil. p. 31.3.

" « .1 imprcssa. Deep sea between Batavia and Siiigajiorc.

p. 314.
" " " albida. (= A. Januarii ?) Rio Janeiro, p. 314.

" " " subtilis. (= A. Jamiarii /) Rio .Janeiro, p. 314.

" " " lobata. Near Sidney, N. II. p. 314.

OphiophragmuB aiitaix-tieus. " In fi-etu Magalhaenii." p. 315.
gibbosus. Port Natal, S. Af. p. 316.
" cchinatns. Sea between Batavia and Singapore, p. 316.

Amphiura divarirata. Peep sea between Batavia and Siiigaimre. ]>. 318.
" Kugenia'. Atlantic, opposite river La Plata p. 3IS.

Candida. Near Mozanibic|ue. ji. 318.
" conti>Ianata. Atlantic, otV Rio ,I:iikmo. ]>. 3I!>.

" crassipes. " " " p. 3i;i.

fiexuosa. Near Brazil, p. 319
" vcrtieillata. Galapagos Islands, p. 320.

" capensis. Near I'ort Natal and Cape of Good Hope. p. 320.

" niagcUanica. Straits of Magellan, p. 320

" latispina. Atlantic, ofl' river La Plata, p. 320.

atlautica. Near St. Helena. ]>. 321.
Ophiocentrus. Gen. nov.

aculeatus. Deep sea between Batavia and Singapore, p. 321.
Amphilepis. Gen. nov.

norvegica. Norway, p. 322.
Hemipholis affinis (H. gr.icilis VII.) Guayaquil, p. .322.
Ophiactis (?) Savignyi (Ophiolepis M. T.) Egypt, p. 32.3.

c.arnca. Port Xatal, S. Af. p. 324.
Ophiacantha indi'ca. Deep sea between Batavia and Singapore, p. 326.
Ophioscolex purpurea. Diiben and Korcn, Norway. ]i. 327.
Ophiocnemis obscura. Straits of Malacca, p. 333.
Tilliigg till kannciliinicn af Skandinaviens Ophiurirlcr. (jfvers. af K. Vet.-.\kad. Forli. 1,S64.
No. 7, with a plale.

Ophiocten sericcuni Ljn. (= Ojihiura sericca Forbes. = Opbioctcn Kroveri Ltk.)

p. 360.
Amphiura tcnui<pina. (= Ampliiura squamata. var. ?) p. 360.
uorvegica Norway, p. 363.

PRINCIPAL AUTHORS. 7

LjnsGMAN, Axel. Ophiactis davincrn. S Nnrwny. p. .365.

Om tviinne iiya aitor Oiiliiiiriilur. OlViTsigt af Ivcmgl. Vctcnskaps Akailcinicns Furliandlinyar.
1870. No. 5.

Ophiacautha vivipara. Atlantic, near E. Patagonia, p. 471.
Ophioglypha Lymani. " " " p. 472.

LoREXz, .T. li. I'liysikalisclic Vuilialtni.sse, etc. der Organisnien in quarnerischen Golfe.
LuTKEX, C. F. AJditanienta ad Historian! ( )pliiuridaruni. Part III. 1869, from the Vidensk. Selsk. Skr.
Ophionepthys. Gen. nov.
Ophionepthys limicola. St. Thomas, p. 98.
Ophionema. Gen. nov.
Ophionema intricata. St. Thomas, p. 98.
Amphipholis tissa. Amur. p. 98.

Ophiocouis. Gen. nov. (= Pectinura Heller.) (0. Forhesii.) p. 98.
Ophiopsammus. Gen. nov. (= Ohiopeza Yoldii. ) p. 98.
OphiochcEta. Gen. nov.
OphiochcEta sctosa. Feejec Islands, p. 98.
Ophiarachiia affinis. ^ " " p. 98.

Ophiomastis mixta. Samoa Islands, p. 99.
" asperiila. Fecjee Islands, p. 99.

" caryopliyllata. Fecjee Islands, p. 99.

Ophiomyxa australis. Between Australia and Tasmania, p. 99.
Ophiocoma canaliculata. " " " " p. 99.

Ophiacantha pentacrinus. (= 0. meridionalis Lym.) W. Indies, deep sea. p. 99.
Ophiothrix striolata. Gnibe. New Guinea and China Sea. p. 99.
elegans. China Sea. p. 100.
" Irilineata. Samoa Island, p. 100.

" capensis. Cape of Good Hope. p. 100.

Asteromorpha. (Gen. nov.)
Asteromorpha Steenstrupii. Unknown, p. 100.
Lym.\n, Theodore. Preliminary Report on Ophiurida; and Astrophytida: dredged in deep water between
Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales. Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoijl.,
Vol. I., No. 1.3. Nov., 1869.
Ophioglypha acervafa. {Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. I., fig. 6.) p. 316.

falcifera. ( " " " PI. I., figs. 3, 4, 5.) p. 319.

Ophiocten depressum. ( " " " PI. II., fig. 10.) p. 320.

Ophiomusiuni. Gen. nov.

Ophiomusium eburncum. (Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. II., figs. 1, 2, 3.) p. 322.
Ophiacantha pentacrinus Ltk. (= O. meridionalis Lyra.) p. 324.
Ophiomitra. Gen nov.
Ophiomitra valid.a. (Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. II., figs. 4, 5, 6.) p. 325.

sertata. p. 326.
Ophiochondrus. Gen. nov.

Ophiochondrus convolutus. (Ilhist. Cat., No. VI., PI. II., fig. 7.) p. 328. -]
Ophiactis Immilis. p. 329.
plana, p. 330.
" lorieata. p. 331.

Amphiura semiermis. p. 332.

" grandisquania. p. 334.

pulchella. p. 337.
Ophiocnida olivaeea. (Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. I., fig. 7, 8.) p. 340.
Ophiothamnus. Cien. no\-.

Ophiothamnus vicarius. (Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. II., figs. 8, 9.) p. 342.
Ophiomyces. Gen. nov.
Ophiomyces mirabilis. p. 343.

frutectosus. (Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. II., figs. 11, 12, 13.) p.345.
Ophiocreas. Gen. nov.

Ophiocreas lumbricus. (Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. I., figs. 19, 20, 21.) p. 347.
Astrophyton mueronatum. p. 348.
Astrogomphus. Gen. nov.

Astrogomphus vallatus. (Illust. Cat., No. VI., PI. I., figs. 10, 17. 18.) ]>. 3.i0.
Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. No. VI. Supplement lo the
Ophiurida; and Astrophytid.'E. 1871. Two plates.
Ophiomaza. Gen. nov.
Ophiomaza cacaotica. Zanzibar.

8 PRINCIPAL AUTHORS.

LvMAX, TiiEououE. Ophiothela tisiis. Unknown.

Ophiocnida I'utnaini. Hong Kong (?).
Ophioglypha sinensis. " " "
Ophiomastix janualis. Mexilloncs, Bolivia.
The two )>Iatcs give also figures of the chief species from the deep-sea Florida dredgings.
Mautens, E. v. Die Ophiuridcn des indischen Oceans. Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturg. XXXVI.
]>. 2Ai. 1S70.
Ophiactis macnlosa. South China Sea. p. 248.

" incisa. Singapore, Java, China Sea. p. 249.

Ophiomyxa bevispina. Ainboina ? p. 249.
Ophiocoma alternans. S. W. Java. p. 252.

" ternis])ina. Larcntnka, Flores Is. p. 253.

Ophiothrix carinata. Singapore, p. 2.')5.
" ])uncl()linil)ata. Java. jj. 2.'>7.

" rotiita. Mindanao, p. 2.')9.

" cataphracta. Singajiore. ]i. 260.

" triloba. Red Sea. p. 2Cl).

Uebcr Ostasiatische Eehinodernicn. Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturg. XXXII. 1866. p. 87.

Trichaster flagellifer. (= T. palmiferus ?)
Monatsbericht iler Kon. Akud. lierlin. 18G7. p. 34.') and 481.

[Ophiocoma oeellata.] (= Ophinrachna incrassata M. T.) Cape York, N. Aus-
tralia. ]>. :u'>.
Ophiothrix ]>nrpurea. Amiioina. p. 346.

viridiabilia. China Sea. p. 347.
Amphiura ]ilanispina. liio Janeiro, p. 347.
Hemieuryale. (ien. nov.

Hemieuryale pusiulata. West Indies f ? p. 484.
Mecznikoff. Bullet. Acad. Imj^r. St. Petcrslwurg. XIII. p. 28.') ; also, Mem. Acad. Imper. St. Peters-

bourg. XIV. No. 8. On the anatomy and metamorphosis of Amphiura squamata.
MiciiLTN, II. In Annexe to Notes sur I'lle de la Reunion. Astroschcma Rousscaui.
NoKUMAN. Notiz iil)er die Gattung Asterophyton vorkonimend in der Littoralfanna Rnsslands. Ofversigt

af finska Vetenskaps-Societetens for-handlingar. IV. 1856 -.')7.
Norman, A. M. On the Morphology of Ophinrans. Rep. British Assoc. 1863.
Packakd, a. Memoires Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. I., Part 2, 1867. See also Canadian Naturalist

and Geologist. 1863.
Saus, M. Over det dyriske Livs Umbredning in HavcLs Dybdcr. Vidcnsk.-Selsk. Forhatullingcr.
1868. p. 8.
Om .Vrliske Dyreformer in Chrisiianialjord. Christiania Videnskab. Selsk. Forhandl. 1865.
Sak.s, G. O. Nye Kchinodernier fra den Norske Kyst. Vidensk.-Selsk. 1871. p. 6.
Ophiacantha ahyssicola. Lofoten Is., 120-300 fathoms,
spectabilis. Bodoe (Norway), 80- 100 fath.
anomala. Saltcnfjord, near Bodoe, 1.50-200 fath.
Opbiopeltis borealis. Lofoten Is. and Uodoe, 80 -.300 lath.

Ophioglypha gracilis. " " " 150-300 fath. Bay of Christiania. 100-

120.
ScHWALBE. Archiv, fiir mikrosk. Anatomic. V. Notice of the muscles of Ophiothri.x fragilis.
TscuERNiAWSKY. Protocollen der Moskauer Natnrf Vcrsammlung. 1869. Amphiura Stcpanovii.

Black Sea. The only eehino<lerni found in those waters.
Verrill, a. E. On the Polyps and Echinoderms of New England. Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist ,
X, p. 333. 1865.
Descriptions of Star-fishes and Ophiurans from the Atlantic coasts of America and Africa. Amcr.

.Tourn. Sc. Vol. II. 1871.
Amphipholis .tbdita (specimen with no disk). Near New Haven, p. 4.

Notes on Radiata. Trans. Connecticut Academy Arts and Sc, Vol. L, p. 251. March, 1867.
July, 1867, pji. 325, 341. Feb., 1868, p. 366. April, 1868, p. 372. Jan., 1871, p. 572.
Astrophyton piinaniense Panama and Pearl Is. p. 251.
Ophiura Daniana. La Union, San Salvador, p. 254.
HemiphoUs gracilis. (= H. affinis Ljn.) Panama, p. 262.
Ophiothela. Gen. (subgen.) nov.

Ophiothela mirabilis. Pearl Is , Panama Bay. p. 268.
On new and imperfectly known Echinoderms. Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XII., p. 381. 1869,
p. 387.

Astrophyton Stimpsonii. Ochotsk. p. 388.
Ophiaracbna maeulata. New Zealand, p. 389.
Ophiothela Dana-. Feejec Islands. )i. 391.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES,

OPHIOMAZA.* Gen. nov.

Teeth. Tooth-papillEe numerous, and arranged in a close vertical
oval, as in Oplmthiix. No moutli-papilla\ Disk below naked, but
covered above with large, swollen radial-shields and plates. Ann-
spines stout, nearly smooth, as in Ophiocoma.

This curious genus has the dentition of Ophiothix, the disk of Ophio-
cnemis, and the arms of Ophiocoma.

Ophiomaza cacaotica. Sp. nov.

Plate I., fig. 15.

Special 3farks. — Five, sometimes six arm-spines, the two or three
upper ones considerably largest. No tentacle-scale. Interbrachial
plates on back of disk elongated and irregularly broken.

Description of a Specimen. — Diameter of disk, 11""» ; from outer side
of mouth-shield to outer corner of opposite mouth-slit, 4.2°"°- ; distance
from outer side of mouth-shield to inner points of tooth-papilla?, com-
pared to that between outer corners of mouth-slits, 2.5 : 2. Width of
arm, 2°""- ; length of arm about 30"""- ; tooth-papillae small and crowded,
about 26 to each angle of the mouth ; four strong, square-edged teeth.
Under arm-plates, beyond edge of disk, broader than long ; their lat-
erals and inner side slightly re-cnteringly curved ; outer side slightly
curved; length to breadth (6th plate), 9: 1.2. Within the disk there
are six plates, of which the one next the mouth-slit is small and oval ;
those outside of it grow gradually In-oader and are shaped like those
beyond the disk ; side arm-plates stout, but not much projecting ; upper
arm-plates broader than long, somewhat irregular, broader without
than within, outer side curved ; length to breadth (8th plate), .9 : 1.6.
The first two or three plates are narrow and wedge-shaped and fit in a
notch in the disk ; beyond the margin they grow wider, and have their

* "Orfm. serpent ; fia^a, a oake.
NO. VI. 2

10 Ol'IIIOTlIKLA TIGRIS.

full width iit the 7th or 8th plate ; disk naked below and covered by
thick, wrinkled .skin ; radial shields very large, pear-seed shape, length,
to breadth, 4 : 2.5, separated by a band of three or four elongated,
narrow, broken, and irregular plates, which come to the edge of tlie
disk, and are continuous with the iipper arm-plates. Interbrachial
spaces covered by plates similar in form to those between radial-shields,
but wider ; in the centre, a rosette of small, very irregular pieces, one
in the middle, and five close around it. The edge of the disk has a
row of stout, swollen plates, three to five in each interbrachial space,
of which one is opposite the radial-shield on either side, and from one
to three are opposite the interbrachial plates. Arm-spines usuallj^ five
sometimes six ; the two or three upper ones much the longest ; all
stout, tapering, blunt, cylindrical; lengths, to that of the upper arm-
plate (7th joint), 2.2,2, 1.0, 1, 1, .5 : .9. Near end of arm, three or
four spines, of which the nnder one is much swollen at the base, and
slightly hooked at the end. Color, in alcohol : deep chocolate. Zan-
zibar, collected by Mr. Cooke.

Ophiothela tigris. Si-, xov.

Plate 1., figs. 10, 11. 12.

Special Marks. — Back of disk completely covered hy the radial-
shields, which are quite smooth, as are also the interbrachial spaces
below. Five arms.

Description of a Specimen. — Diameter of di.sk, 7"""' ; lengfii of arm
(which had been I'epaired), 12""" ; fiom outer corner of moulh-slit to
outer edge of opposite mouth-shield, S"'"'" ; widtli of arm, includmg side
arm-plates, 2""" ; distance from outer corner of mouth-sliicld to points
of tooth-papillai, to that between outer corners of mouth-slits, l.G : l.o.
Tooth-papilliB arranged in a close, vertical, oval clump ; about fifteen in
number; four stout, flattened, squarish teeth, whicli with the tooth-
papilla? form a dentition like that in Ophiothrix (a generic character) ;
mouth-shields irregular, sometimes in form only of a small swelling ;
but, when cleai'ly defined, having an oval heart-shape, with outer side
straight, and with length to breadth, .-5 : 1. Side mouth-shields large
and conspicuous ; their free lateral sides re-enteringly curved ; their
inner latarals joined along their whole length; their inner sides making
together a wide curve ; under arm-plates covered with thick skin and
seen indistinctly, except when dry. They have an iri'egular triangular
form, with a peak within and a lumpy surface. They cover only a part
of the arm, and differ in figure one from another. Side arm-plates

OPHIOCNIDA PUTNAM!. H

standing out independently, as pad-like ridges (a generic cliaractei'),
which are stout and swelled ; upper arm-plates represented by a double
row of irreo;ular elono'ated warts, which just at the base of the arm are
increased in number, so as to form a clump of different-sized pieces.
At the tapering end of the arm there are still the two warts at the
base of each joint, and between these a double row of fine grains.
Disk wholly covered above by the ten great radial shields, which are
regular, slightly swelled, and smooth ; at the insertion of the arm and
in the interbrachial space they form a slight notch or re-entering angle.
Interbrachial spaces ])elow covered with thick skin, without spines or
scales ; genital-slits with a large prominent scale at their outer end,
whose edge can be seen from above. Arm-spines like little stumps,
thorny at their ends ; towards the end of the arm they become more
flattened, and the three lowest ones are armed with three or four flat-
tened hooks. The first joint outside the mouth-shield has two or three
spines on each side ; the second three, and the rest four. Color, in
alcohol: upper surface lined and marbled with dark green and light
yellow, interbrachial spaces below dark green ; under surfixce light
greenish.

Another specimen had a disk of r5.5°""', and arms of 18""°-. The
mouth-shields were all regular, except the madreporic, which Avas
swelled. The back of the disk had a central pentagon of marbled
bluish and yellow, surrounded by a band of yellowish. The animal
doubtless has the power of moving the side arm-plates, which in this
specimen were folded close on the arm.

Locality unknown, but supj^osed to have been brought from the
Pacific by the Exploring Expedition.

Ophiocnida Putnami.* Sr. nov.

Plate I., fig. 9.

Special 3/arks. — Nine or ten flat arm-spines, the upper ones with
broad ends ; they closely cover the arm, as if with grains of rice reg-
ularly set in rows. Disk beset with similar, but smaller spines. Two
swelled papillte at the apex of the mouth-angle. Two tentacle-scales.

Description of the Specimen. — Diameter of disk, 16™™-. Width of arm,
2.5™"- ; length of arm about 72™™-. From outer side of mouth-shield to
outer corner of opposite mouth-slit, 4.8™™' ; distance from outer corner

* Named after the late Captain "W. H. A. rutnam, a man of a fine taste in natural history, and
who enriched this Museum with remarkable collections made during his sea voyages.

12 Ol'lIIOGLYPIIA SINENSIS.

of mouth-slit to Inner point of inoutli-papilla;, to that between outer
corners of mouth-slits, 2.2 : 2.4 ; mouth-shields small, rounded, narrower
without, length to breadth, 1.1 : .8 ; side mouth-shields small and not
meeting within ; two large swelled mouth-papilhu at the inner apcK
of the angle ; they are pressed close together and present a re-entering
grinding surface ; above, and partly covered by them, a swollen ir-
regular tooth, followed by three more which are squeezed together
and more or less thickened ; al)ove these again are four ilat, square-
edged teeth separated from each other, the uppermost are longest.
Outside each mouth-papilla stands the thick, clul>-like tentacle-scale of
the first mouth-tentacle ; alx)ve which, and nearly hidden in the mouth-
slit, is the tooth-like scale of the second mouth-tentacle. Under arm-
plates small, nearly square, with slightly re-entering sides ; length to
breadth (0th plate), .8 : .8. Upper arm-plates small, nearly round, but
farther out on the arm, the inner side is straight ; length to breadth
(12th plate), .8 : .9. Arm-spines 9 (near base of arm 10), white, flat-
tened, upper ones broadened towards the end, like a narrow spatula ;
lowest one broadest and stoutest, next two or three above it narrower
than the rest; length of uppermost, .S"""- ; 7th, 1.2"""-; lowest, 1""" to-
wards point of arm, 5 or 6 spines which are flat and taper to a blunt
point. No tentacle-scales ; tentacles large and long. Disk pufly and
lobed, covered alx)ve and below with fine, regular scales, about HO to
a square '""' ; beset above and below with numerous stout, ilattcned,
spines, .S"™' long, and resembling the arm-spines. Radial-shields small,
inclining to crescent-shape, separated and standing just over base of
arm; length to l)readth. 2.0:1. Color, in alcohol: disk gray; arms
straw color.

Collected, almost without doubt, at Hong Kong, by Captain W. H. A.
Putnam.

This handsome species is an Ampkiura with a thorny disk ; and T
therefore place it in Opliiocmdu, as an approximation to its natural
position, without as.«erting that its affinities are thus exactly expressed.
See Bulletin of the Mus. Comj). Zool., Vol. I. p. 335.

Ophioglypha sinensis. Sr. nov.

Plate I., figs. 1, 2.

Special Marks. — A pit or deiJi'ession between the side arm-^Jates, on
the under side of the joints within the disk (as in 0. lacertosa). Only
one tentacle-scale on most of the pores beyond the disk. An arm-comb
along the edge of the radial-scale, but none on the arm itself

OPHIOGLYPHA SINENSIS. 13

Description of a Specimen. — Diameter of disk, 9'"™' ; from outer comer
of moutli-slit to outer side of opposite mouth-shield, 4.2"™' ; distance
from outer side of mouth-shield to point of innermost mouth-papilla,
to that between outer corners of mouth-slits, 2:2; width of arm,
1.4°"°'. Mouth-papillaj, six to each angle, whereof the two outer ones
on each side are thin and triangular, and the innermost is stouter and
more elongated, approaching the form of the teeth, which are four in
number, stout, and formed like a blunt spear-head. Mouth-shields
large, " Ij-re-shaped," that is to say, bounded by a curve without, an
angle within, and by re-entering curves on the sides ; so that the inner
corners, at the heads of the genital-slits, make little peaks ; length to
breadth, 1.7 : 1. Side mouth-shields very narrow, meeting within, and
running along inner angle of mouth-shield to its corner, where they run
across the head of the genital-slit to the side arm-plate. Under arm-
plates small, much wider than long, with an angle within and a curve
without. This is their general form, except that the first two or three
are squeezed laterally; length to breadth (8th plate), .2 : .5, a little
way out they become very minute. Side arm-plates large, meeting
below along a line longer than the under arm-plate ; those within the
disk are indented at their junctui-e, making a little pit. They make a
re-entering curve where the tentacle-scale is fixed, and at little peak be-
tween it and the under arm-plate. Upper arm-plates strongly arched,
wider without than within ; bounded by straight lines on the sides and
by a curve without ; length to breadth (8th plate), .6 : .8. Disk covered
with larger and smaller irregular scales, among which may be seen the
larger, round, primary plates. Radial-shields pear-seed shape, nearlj- or
quite touching without ; length to breadth, 1.3 : 1. Radial-scales carry-
ing a close comb of rounded tapering papillae, in form like the arm-
spines, which grow smaller as they pass below the disk and end in a
row of fine grains, midway the genital-slit. Arm-spines, three, slender,
rounded, regularly tapering, not quite so long as the joint ; length to that
of under arm-j^late (8th joint), .8, .7, .7 : .2. Tentacle-scales thin and
nearly round. On the first pair of great pores, three or four on each
side ; on the second and third, three on one side and two on the other ;
on the fourth, two on one side and one on the other. The next four
or five pores have one large scale, and a very small one, which last
stands on the side arm-plate. Color, in alcohol : straw yellow.

Collected, almost without doubt, at Hong Kong, by Captain W. H.
A. Putnam.

Variations. — All the specimens had broken arms, but by their char-
acter they had probaljly about the proportions of O. Sarsii, say a length
of three or four times the diameter of the disk. There were two
specimens in which the side mouth-shields were broader ; the pits on

14 OPIIIOJMASTIX JANUALIS.

the under side of the base of the arm, little marked or wanting, and
no little ])eak in the under ann-2:)late next the tentacle-scale. Perhaps
another species, perhaps onl}^ a variety.

O. sinensia looks a good deal like O. lacertosa of Europe, but is distin-
guished by wanting the additional comb of papilla^ on the base of the
arm, and in having fewer tentacle-scales.

Ophioniastix janualis. Si*, nov.
Plate 1., ligs. lo, 14.

Special Maries. — Disk-scales conspicuous below, but obscured by
thick skin on the upper surface of disk, which is beset with sliarp
tapering spines ; but none below. Three round tapering arm-spines,
the uppci'most longest.

Diameter of disk, 5.5"""'; arm nearly cj'lindrical, 1.2''""' wide ; very
slowly tapering to a length of 24;""", where it is broken off. From
outer corner of mouth-slit to outer side of opposite mouth-shield, 2.5""" ;
distance from outer side of mouth-shield to inner points of tooth-
papilla*, to that Ijctween outer corners of mouth-slits, 1.2 : 1.5. Tooth-
papillaj four, arranged in a close clump, directly below the teetli, Avhich
are as in Ophiocoma. Mouth-papilla?, 8, arranged in a close half-circle
round the mouth-angle ; outer ones flat, rounded, as long as broad ;
inner ones narrower and smaller. Mouth-shields longer than broad,
luirrower within than without, angles rounded ; length to jjreadth,
.9 : .0. Side mouth-shields trianfj^ular, Ivinjr alons: the sides of the
mouth-shields, but not meeting within. Under arm-plates wider with-
out than within, with a little peak Avithout, and their sides a little
re-enteringly curved ; length to breadth ( Hth joint), .6 : .5. Farther
out, the i)lates become more elongated, with a clean curve Svithout,
re-entering sides, and a truncated angle witiiin. Side arm-plates pro-
jecting l)ut slightly ; at base of arm they meet neither above nor
l)elow, but, at the 11th upper arm-plate, they meet above. Upper arm-
plates wedge-shajied, with a curved outer side, and laterals re-enter-
ingly curved; length to breadth (Gth plate), .7 : .6. Disk finely scaled
in the interbrachial spaces below, each about ^°'°'' long; above the scal-
ing is covered except near the edge, round the radial-shields, and at
the base of the arm, to which it extends. Scattered over the upper
surfiice are a few sharp spines, l.S™"' long, which are mounted on slight
elevations and stand over the places of the primary plates. The radial-
shields project close to the arm as little, irregular, triangular, swellings
about .7"'"' long. Arm-.s2)ines thi-ee, rounded, slightly tajDcring, blunt ;

OPHIOMASTIX JANUALIS. 15

iinder a lens, finely grooved ; lengths (5th joint), 2.3, 2, 1.2. Tentacle-
scales usually two, of which the outer is nearly oval, the inner small,
narrow, and tooth-like. Color, in alcohol : chocolate brown, dappled
with yellowish.

Mexillones, Bolivia ; Captain Putnam.

As to the genus of this specimen, it may be called a s^jiny Opliiocomcu
or an Ophiomasiix wanting the club-shaped arm-spine. Miiller & Tros-
chel, in characterizing Opliiomasiix, say (Syst. Asterid., 107), "Disk
beset with scattered spines. . . . On the arms, above the spines, club-
shaped bodies running out at their ends into several projections " ; and
their original, 0. aumtlosa, has a fine imbricated scaling, from which
stand out little naked radial-shields. Liitken (Addit. ad Hist. Opli., Pt.
III. p. 26) has shown that the club-shaped spine is not a constant fea-
ture in the genus, which therefore is hardly to be set otFfrom OjiJiiocoma,
and that, moreover, the disk maybe beset either with spines of various
sorts, or with spines and grains. With the addition of this species, his
view of the genus would stand tlius : —

A Disk smooth or with very few short spines, 0. venosa Pet.

B. Disk closely beset with grains and moderately long spines, O. mixta Ltk.

C. Disk densely beset with ver_\- short spines, 0. aaperula Ltk.

„„.,,.,.,,...,,.,.• ( O. anniiloita M. T.

D. Disk on both sides beset with long thin spines, J

( O. cari/op/ii/llala. Ltk.

E. Disk beset on its upper surfece, only, with slender spines ; arm-spines f ^ • ,■ y

1' . ' ." 1 ' I ■ U. januatts Lym.

all slender and tapering, )

The species under A, B, C, .and D all have certain of the arm-spines
either club-shaped or forked at the end, but that under E lias no
thickening of these spines.

NOTE ON NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION.

Dr. Liitken, in a foot-note on page 68 of his Additamenta (Part III.),
remarks : 1. That names prior to Linnteus have no place in present
nomenclature. 2. That, when an author has described a s^jecies, his
name must always be put after that species as the authority, no matter
if the generic name be chanr/ed. As to the first of these propositions, I
may say, that Linnasus first contrived what is called binomial nomencla-
ture, in which each animal has two names, the generic and the specific.
Consistency is the first duty of a naturalist, therefore it was the first
duty of the followers of Linnajus to respect and to adopt such binomial
names as may be found in ante-Linniean authors, of Avhom some were
among the most celebrated of zoologists. When, then, I find the name
Astrophi/ton costoswn distinctl}^ used by Seba (III. PL IX., Fig. 1, p. 16,
1758), and moreover an excellent figure given, I shall certainly apply
that name to the West Indian species to which it belongs. Did not

16 OPIIIOMASTIX JANUALIS.

iSeba, more tlian a century ago, jDublish a fine folio, with figures that
are better than some of those we see nowadaj's, and shall wo ignore
his names when they are such as may properly be taken ? In putting-
such a name as OphiophoUs hcUi-s for OjihiophoUs acitlecda, I think I have
gone too fiir, because the name belUs of Linck is used as part of a diag-
nosis and not as a name. I was, however, encom-aged in the selection
bv the usa<ie of Johnson and of Forbes.

As to the second point, Dr. Liitken expresses great astonishment,
" after all that has been Avritten," that anybody should change the
(mihnrihj with each change in the comhlnutinn of a name. For instance,
we have, in 1851, Oplmm imhm Ltk. 1 afterwards attempted to show
that Ophittra was preoccupied, and made a name, Ophiogl'/pha, to take
its place ; and the (juestion now Is, Shall it be written Ophm/li/pha
nodoxd Ltk. or ()j)h!<yh/plia nodosa Lvm. V Dr. Liitkcn has no cause for
astonishment. There are two ])arties to this question. That to which
he belonirs insists on considerinjf credit or honor the real reason for
vising names of authors ; and always speaks of the '• injustice " done
Avhen an author's name is lost sight of The party whose views I hold
maintains that nomenclature is a .s//.sfeiii of exact rcf/ktraiion, and that,
witli the present enormous mass and confusion of titles, no other guide
is possible ; and further, that the credit of a zoologist does iiot rest on
his monogram, but on something better. Will the reputation of John
E. Gra}^ be greater because his name thus appears often ; or will that
of Lacazc-Dutliiers be less because his appears seldom ? After what I
have said in tlie Bulletin {\o\. I. p. 336, note), I can add nothing more
to the point than a quotation from Alexander Agassiz (American Nat-
uralist, Vol. V. ]). 354) : —

" The history of the present confused condition of nomenclature is
an interesting one ; it is the attempt to show by the binomial system,
not only the correct name of any animal, but, at the same time, give a
short historical sketch of the clianges the name has undergone. The
name of an animal or plant is that binomial combination which it has
first received, let us say A b from Linnjcus; \_A (generic) b (specific)].
Subsequent changes, such as tiie transfer of this to a different genus,
B, by Cuvier, are simple matters of registration, a part of the hidor// of
the science, showing what Cuvier thought of the aftlnities of the species
named A b by Linnaeus. When, then, we speak of this species as B b
Cuvier, we are recording his views as an investigator, and this does not
lessen whatever credit there may be in the original description of A b
by Linnivus. If afterwards Blainville comes and says that Cuvier
should have referred A b to the genus C of Latreille, and quotes this
species hereafter as C b Blainville, he is only recording his opinion, and
so on through indefinite time. Chanr/es tvhich the profjress of science render
necessar/f in the position of A b of Linnwm arc or should be (pioted under the

OPHIOMASTIX JANUALIS. 17

mdhnriti) of the autJior irho projwscs ihem as expressing the actual conditi'Hi of
our hmvledge of the affinities of the species Ah of Linnanis."

At any rate, let the decision be what it may, Dr. Liitken need liave
no fear that his own reputation rests on any such unstable basis. To
sum up, Astropliijton costoswu Seba, and Opliioglypha nodosa Lyman, mean
just what they should mean, and nothing more ; to wit, that in the
writings of these two persons will be found these names definitely,
used for the first time. They do not distinguish these persons as good
or as poor zoologists, nor do they show that such names are the correct
ones ; but they are simply the '■ trade-marks " of workmen.

As to the " Synopsis " of Ophiuridm presented by Dr. Liitken (1. c. p.
87), I have no objection to it, provided it be understood as a movement
towards a true classification, or as a really convenient tabulation of
genera. But inasmuch as it rests on the structure of the mouth parts
it cannot be expected to be an exposition of nature, any more than can
a classification of fishes based on their scales ; of mammalia, on their
nervous centres ; or of molluska, on the character of their shells.
Any one who will examine the single original genus Amplmira will be
convinced how impossible it is to arrange it only on the niimhcr of the
mouth-papillte. In fact, the species of Ophiiiridw are now so numerous,
that some one man must examine them all with his own eyes, before
we can hope for a good arrangement. And especially do the genera
Ophiocoma and Ophiothrix need severely to be weeded.

NO. VI.

DESCIilPTION OF inE PLATES.

These are all alcoholic specimens; hut, in drawlnj; them, the spirit was allowed to evaporate, so
that the details coidd be properly seen.

PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Ophioglyplia sinensis.
" 2. " " under side of sixth arm-joint, to show the position of the tentacle-

scales.
Figs. 3,4. Ophioglypha falcifera ; arm-spines of the basal joints.

Fig. 5. " " bas(^ of the arm in profile, with edge of disk and comb of papilla;.

" C. Ophyoglypha acervata ; under side of an arm-joint. (The lobe on the outer side is not

made distinct enough.)
" 7. Ophiocnida olivacea.

" 8. " " under siile of an arm-joint showing the spinclikc tentado-scale.

" 9. Ophiocnida Putnami. The little or;;ans at the outer corners of the mouth-slits are the

month-tentacles.
" 10. Ophiothela tigris.
" 11. " " enlargeil view of the parts near the mouth, and of the first and second

under arm-plates, and the first set of arm-spines.
" 12. Ophiothela tigris. One of the pad-like side arm-plates bearing its arm-spines.
" 13. Ophiomastix janualis.
" II. " " under side of an arm-joint, showing the small and great tentaele-

scales.
" 15. Ophiomaza cacaotica.
" 16. Astrogoniphus vallatus.

" 17. " " first sets of arm-spines magnified; o, head of the genital-slit.

" 18. " " a piece near the tip of the arm, highly magnifieil, showing the

granulations on the arm-joints, and the ridges of larger granules, between the joints,

on which stand the hooks.
" 10. Ophiocreas lumbricus.
" 20. " " an angle of the mouth seen from within, showing the column of

teeth, and on each side a bunch of granules or small pai)ilhe, beyond which appear the

two pairs of mouth-tentacles.
" 21. Ophiocreas lumbricus; an arm-joint showing the thorny arm-spines.

PLATE II.

Figs. 1, 2. Ophiomusium eburneum, from above and below.
Fig. 3. " " arm tronj the side.

" 4. Ophiomitra valid.i.

" 5. " " an arm-spine.

" G. " " thorny slumps from the disk.

" 7. Ophiochondriis convolnlus.

" 8. ()j)liiothamnus vicarius.

" y. " " an .inn joint from below.

" 10. Ophiocten deprefsuni.
Figs. 11, 12. Ophiomyces frutectosus, from above and below.

^>S- 13. " " arm-joint in section showing the retracted tentacles and the

arrangement of ilic arms|iines.

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