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AN ILLUSTRATED

DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE

BIOLOGY

AND ALLIED SCIENCES

GOULD

FOR INDEX OF SPECIAL TABLES AND
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS, CLASSIFYING LARGE
NUMBERS OF FACTS. SEE PAGE XVI.

From ' /, iSqs.

50 quickly with the advance of knowledge that for practitioners who wish

<i medical dictionary is not so much a luxury as a ne< essitj of into

M. Gould, a ol the leading ophthalmic surgeons in the United States, and editor ol

before u a with the completes! lexicon of medical termin-

I i I nglish lai . ... Dr. Gould has done for <>ur medical language what I »r.

Murr I nglish speaking peoples. It need only be added thai the work is printed

in a i the careful regard of the author, as an ophthalmologist, for the reader's i yes, and

ently handsome to make it an ornament to the book shelf and strong < nough to withstand

AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY
OF MEDICINE BIOLOGY AND
ALLIED SCIENCES

INCLUDING THE

PRONUNCIATION, ACCENTUATION, DERIVATION, AND DEFINITION

OF THE TERMS USED IN

MEDICINE, ANATOMY, SURGERY, OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY, THERAPEUTICS, MATERIA MEDICA,
PATHOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY, PEDIATRICS, OPHTHALMOLOGY, OTOLOGY, LARYN-
GOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, NEUROLOGY, HISTOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, DIETETICS,
LEGAL MEDICINE, PSYCHOLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, ETC., ETC.

AND THE

VARIOUS SCIENCES CLOSELY RELATED TO MEDICINE

BACTERIOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY, MICROSCOPY. BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, DENTISTRY, PHARMACY,
CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, ELECTRICITY, VETERINARY MEDICINE, ETC.

BY

GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D.

AUTHOR OF "THE STUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY," "12,000 MEDICAL WORDS PRONOUNCED AND

DEFINED," "THE MEANING AND THE METHOD OF LIFE;" EDITOR OF "THE MEDICAL

NEWS," PRESIDENT, 1893-1894, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE; LATE

ONE OF THE OPHTHALMOLOGISTS OF THE PHILADELPHIA HOSPITAL

BASED UPON RECENT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

FOURTH EDITION

PHILADELPHIA

P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO.

IOI2 WALNUT STREET
1899

Copyright, 1894, by P. Blakiston, Son & Co

WM. F. FELL & CO.,

ELECTBOTYPERS AND PRINTERS.

I220-24 SANSOM STREET,

PHILADELPHIA.

PREFACE.

In this work I have conscientiously endeavored to give the greatest possible amount of
lexicographic and encyclopedic knowledge within the limits of a single volume, condensed
as much as is consistent with clearness, and so arranged as to furnish the student and worker
with concise, accurate, and useful definitions.

I have tried to satisfy the following specific desiderata : —

i. The inclusion of the many thousands of new words and terms that have been introduced
into medicine during the last few years, marked as they have been by unparalleled scientific
activity and progress. To this end an almost countless number of volumes and periodicals
have been systematically gleaned by myself and a tireless corps of friends and assistants. Not
to have met this important and pressing need would have made this volume a work of mere
inexcusable compilation and copying from the many word-books already published, instead of a
fresh gathering from the living literature of the day.

2. To give the most compact epitomization of the works of older and authoritative
lexicographers, including all such obsolete or obsolescent terms as may be met with in the
medical encyclopedias or handbooks likely to be used by a modern student.

3. To include all the more commonly-used terms of biology — a tning highly desirable ;
a. Because of the modern recognition of the great truth that general biologic science is the foun-
dation of genuine and progressive medical science ; b. Because the best schools of medicine
are more and more urging or making obligatory the preliminary biologic course of study ;
and c. Because, so far as I know, no satisfactory lexicon of biology exists in English.

4. Keeping the size and purpose of the book well in view, to give it an encyclopedic
character — not only by supplying the usual pronunciation, derivation, and definition of
words, but also by showing their logical relations, their bearings, and their practical importance
for the worker in literary or clinical medicine. This aim will explain a number of peculiar
features, as for instance, the large number of tables, whereby at a glance one may catch the
correlations of a single fact with many others, and thus at once classify and crystallize his
comprehension of them. It seems deserving of mention that in modern literature there is not to
be found as complete and digested a resume of surgical operations, of bacteriology, of parasit-
ology, of tests, and of many other subjects, as is here furnished.

5. When advisable, to give a pictorial illustration that would tell what words could not
make clear. Hence, those who find the work helpful in this respect will thank the publishers for
the generous supply of illustrations, a large number being new engravings from original drawings
made expressly for this work. Conservatism in this respect, however difficult, has been the rule,
because pictures, for example of surgical instruments, are plenteous and to be had for the asking,
and because illustrations that are useless, or that do not illustrate, might possibly have made the
book superficially more attractive, but would certainly have given ground for just criticism.
Besides the large number of original illustrations first presented in this volume, many have been
taken or adapted from the well-known and authoritative works of Sappey, Landois, Ziegler,
Piersol, Stirling, Woodhead, Holden, Tyson, Fullerton. and others.

vi PR1 FACE.

6. As regards orthography, to do what Professor Whitney, in the prefai e to his great work.
The Century Dictionary. the duty of the dictionary-maker : —

•■ The la is struggling toward a more consistent and phonetic spelling

and it is proper in disputed and doubtful cases to cast the influence of the dic-
tionary in favor of this movement, both by its own usage in the bodyoi the text,

and at the head of articles by the order of forms, or by the selection of the form
under which the word shall be treated."

More than this 1 have not attempted to do, and not to have done this much would have
been distinctly wronj The lexicographer may not impose or command, but in the interest of
true and prudent progress he may suggest and advise. Both spellings are noted of words in
dispute, and one is of course at liberty to accept that which he thinks best. Those who prefer to
follow the older practice have against them all the best philologists, such authorities as Professor
Whitney. Professor Skeat, the editors of the Standard, and of other great Dictionaries. Gradual,
careful phonetic progress is a duty we all owe to our profession.

I have usually recommended that in medicine the diphthongs a and ce be supplanted by e ;
such usage is already well established as regards many words, and the suggestion is in strict
harmony with etymology and the spirit of the language. We do not spell such words as
gangrane, tether, ceconomy, (eternal, pcenalty, mediaeval, solcecism, primaeval, as here written,
and the redundant diphthong should not be retained in diarrhoea, hamorrhage, oedema, coeliotomy,
pediatric, etc. Why is the change right in one instance and wrong in the other?

In the spelling of certain chemic words, the advice of The American Association for the
Advancement of Science has. as a rule, been followed, and seems to be in the line of cautious
and wise progress. The unanimous acceptance and practice of all these recommendations by
the American Medical Editors' Association constitute a gratifying proof of progressiveness
and freedom from irrational prejudice.

7. To indicate the best pronunciation of words by the simplest and most easily understood
phonetic method. The plan I have used is simple and little liable to mistaking. The sylla-
bification has no significance except to show the pronunciation, and in this the natural English
common usage and power of letters are followed. Thus, in all but a few instances, the use of
diacritic marks and vexatious signs or symbols is avoided. When a vowel stands alone or
at the end of a syllable it has its natural long sound : <?, as in male; e, as in mete; i, as in
mile; 0, as in mole ; u, as in mule ; when preceding, or between, consonants, the vowels have
their natural short sounds, unless occasionally the use of the diacritic mark gives them the
long sound, as at (ate), os (ose), it (ite). In a few instances the sign, " has been used
over a, as in marriage, to distinguish the sound from that of a. as in harm. When a has the
sound of ah, it has generally been written ah. In such words as cystotomy, acidity, and the like,
the pronunciation of the final vowel-sound is indicated by e, as being the simplest representa-
tion of the common sound not otherwise easily expressed phonetically. When s has the sound
of z it is indicated by z. The pronunciation of some foreign words has been approximated by
devices readily comprehended.

It is impossible to adequately express my deep sense of gratitude to those who have aided
me in the preparation and proof-reading of this volume. Dr. C. W. Greene, the experienced
philologist, also Dr. W. A. X. Dorland, Professor Charles S. Dolley, 1 >r. A. A. Eshner, and
Professor Burt C>. Wilder, have been most self-sacrificing, and to their scientific zeal, literary
experience, and tireless good-will those who find the book useful will be indebted. To Dr.
Dolley, the well-known biologist, belongs unstinted praise for the preparation of the definitions
of biologic terms, the table of Bacteria, and that of Parasites, as well as for a number of

PREFACE. vii

original drawings. Intelligence, learning, and never-failing conscientiousness have been given
almost every line of the work by I)rs. Dorland and Eshner. The same is true of the work, of
Dr. David Riesman.

It seems almost wrong to mention in a second order the names of Professor S. H. Gage,
Professor Henry Leffmann, Dr. A. C. Wood, Dr. Alfred Stengel, Professor A. P. PruPaker. Dr.
J. Chalmers Da Costa, Dr. A. II. Cleveland, Mr. Ryland W. Greene, Dr. J. Hendrie Lloyd,
Mr. Pierre A. Fish, Dr. D. Bevan, Dr. Emma Billstein, Dr. S. McClintock Hamill, Dr. A. IP
Stewart, and others.

Every author well knows, or perhaps regrets that he does not know, the blessing of a
publisher and of a printer who take pride in their work above and beyond the question of
dollars and cents. Such a publisher and such a printer I have had.

The acceptability of the smaller dictionaries I have offered the profession (something like
twenty-five thousand copies having been distributed) leads me to hope that the present more
complete work will find a wider range of usefulness.

GEORGE M. GOULD.
Philadelphia, April, /S94.

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.

The rapid exhaustion of the first and second editions of this dictionary permits me to
correct a number of typographic and other errors, to modify some definitions, and to add new
material throughout the entire extent of the book. I have profited by the kind criticisms of
friends and of reviewers, and such suggestions as seemed to me just have been accepted and era.
bodied in the work. In science, and especially in the science of medicine, what was true yester-
day may be only half-true to-day, and may even be wholly untrue to-morrow. Old knowledge
is constantly undergoing modification, and new knowledge is as constantly appearing, so that it
is only by constant changes that a book seeking to reflect the condition and growth of a science
can from day to day remain a perfect mirror of its progress.

The most outspoken words of praise in reviews, notices, private letters, etc., as also the
exhaustion in so short a time of two large editions, give evidence that the volume has found a
certain field of usefulness, and, personally, nothing can be more gratifying than the assurance
that one has been of distinct service to his profession and to his fellows.

GEORGE M. GOULD.
Philadelphia, September, 1895.

ABBREVIATIONS.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN GENERAL MEDICINE.

Crast Crastinus ....

Crys

Cs

Cu Cuprum . . .

Cuj Cujus

C. v Cras vespere .

Cyath Cyathus . . .

D Do sis; Da . .

Decub. . . . Decubitus . .
De d. in d. . . De die in diem

Deg

De R

Destil. . . . Destilla ....

Det Detur

Dieb. alt. . . . Diebus alternis
" tert. . . " tertiis

Dil Dilue

Dilut Dilutus ....

Dim Dimidius . . .

Dist Distilla ....

Div Divide ....

aa

. Of each.

A. c

. Ante cibum ...

e meals.

. The belly.

Abs.feb. . .

. Abscntc febre . .

. When fevei is absent

Abstr. . . .

. Abstractum . . .

. Abstract.

Ad

. Adde

. Add.

Ad lib. . . .

. At pleasure, as desired.

Admov. . .

. Admoveatur . .

. Let it be applied.

Ad pond. om.

Ad pondus omnium To the weight ol the whole.

Adv

. Adversum . . .

. Against.

Aggred. feb.

. Aggi ediente febre

. While lever is coming on.

Al

. Aluminum . . .

. Aluminum.

Alt. dieb. . .

. Alternis diebus .

. Every other day.

Alt. hor. . .

. Alternis horis . .

. Every other hour.

Alv. adstrict

, Alvo adstricta

. The bowels being confined.

Alv. deject.

. Alvi dejectiones . ,

, The intestinal evacuations.

Aq

. Aqua

. Water.

Aq. astr. . .

. Aqua astricta . .

, Ice.

Aq. bull. . .

. Aqua bulliens

Boiling water

Aq. com. . .

. Aqua communis

. ( ommon water.

Aq. dest. . .

. Aqua destillata .

. I distilled water.

Aq. ferv. . .

. Aqua fervens . .

. Hoi water.

Aq. font. . .

. Aqua fi mtana . .

Spi ing water.

Aq. mar. . .

. Aqua marina . .

. Ocean water.

Aq. pur. . .

. Pure water.

As

. Arsenic.

At. wt. . . .

. Atomic weight.

Av

B

. Boron, Bowels.

Ba

. Barium.

B. A., or B S

. Balneum arena; . .

. Sand bath.

Bals

. Balsamum ...

. Balsam.

Be

, Beryllium.

Bi

Bib

. Bibe

Drink. .

Biol

. Biology.

B. i. d. . . .

. Twice dailv.

B. M. . .'.

. Balneum maris . ,

, Sea-water bath.

Bol

, A large pill.

B. p

, Boiling-point.
. Bromin.

Br

Bull

, Let it boil.

B. v

. Balneum vaporis .

Vapor bath.

C

f Congius, Cetiti-
\ grade

f Carbon ; Cubic; A gallon ;

i Centigrade.

Ca

ium.

Cap

. Capiat

Let him take.

Cd

Ce

Cel. . . .

Celsius.

Cent. . . .

Cg

Centigram.

Cm

. Cras mane ....

To-morrow morning.

cm

C. m. s. . .

(Cras mane su-
X mend us

J To be taken to- morrow

i morning.

C. n

. Cras nocte . . . ,

, To-morrow night.

Co

Cobalt.

Cochl. . . .

Spoonful.

Cochl. ampl.

amplum

A tablespooriful.

" infant

infant is

\ ; tspoonful.

" mag.

magnum

A tablespoonful.

" med.

" medium

A dessertspoonful.

" parv.

parvum

A teaspoonful.

Col

. Cola . . .

Colat. . . .

Colet. . . .

Let it be strained.

Color. . . .

. Let it be colored

Comp. . . .

. Compositus . . .

. Compound.

Cong. . . .

. A gallon.

. Conserva ....

. Keep.

. Continuatur

Let it be continued

Cont. rem. .

( Continuetur

' \ remedium

f Let the medicine be
1 tinued.

Coq

. Coque ....

. Boil.

. Cortex

. Bark.

D in p. a;q.

Divide in partes
.equates . . .
f Donee alv us
1 soluta fuerit

Directione propria

Donee alv.
sol. fuerit,

DP

E

Eb

E.-j

Ejusd Ejusdem . . . .

Elec Electuarium . .

Emb

Enem

Er

Exhib Exhibeatur . . .

Ext Extractum . . .

F

Far

Fe Ferrum ....

Feb. dur. . . . Febre durante .

F. . Ft Fac, Fiat ....

Filt Filtra

Fid Fluidus

Flor Flores

F. m Fiat mistura . .

Fol Folia

F. p Fiat potio ....

F. pil Fiat pilula . . .

F. s. a Fiat secundum

artem . . . .

Galv

Gl

Gm

Gr Granum ....

Gtt Guttae

Guttat Guttatim ....

H

Hg Hydrargyrum .

HI

Hm

Hor. decub. . llora decubitus

H. s Hora somni . . .

I Iodum

In

In d In die

Inf Infunde

Inj Iniectio

Ir

K Kalium

K.-j

Kl

Km

L

Li

Liq

M Meridies: Misce

Mac Macera ....

Mass. pil . . Massa pilularum

. For to-morrow.
■lal.
ii m.
i !opp
Ofwhi( h.

morrow evening.
>sful.
.ive.
Lying down.
I ■ in day to day.
. Degree: degeneration.
. Reaction of degeneration.
. D -til.

. Let it be gh en.
. ' in alternate days
. Every third day.
. Let it be dissolved.
. Dilute.
. One-half.

Distil.
. Divide.

. Divide into equal parts.
[Until the bowels are

i opened

With a proper direction.
Erbium
Erbium.

w-jerk.
Ol the same.
An electuary; Electricity
Embryology.
1 nema.
Erbium.
Let it be given.
Extract.

Fahrenheit ; Fluorin.
Farad ic.
Iron.

The lever continuing.
Make.
Filter.
Fluid.
Flowers.
Make a mixture.
Leaves.

Make a potion.
Make a pill.

Prepare skilfully.

inic.
Glucinum.
Gram.
Grain.
, Drops.
By drops.

iry.
Hectoliter.
tometer.
1-time.
At bed-time.
Iodin.
Indium.
Daily.
Pour in.
An injection.
Iridium.
Potassium.
Knee-jerk.
Kilolil

Kilometer.
I.it'-r.
Lithium.
Liquor.

i : Mix.
rate.
Pill-mass.

IX

AI'.IIKI A 1A I h INS

M. ft Mislura fiat . . . . Let a mixture be made.

Mg Magnesium; Mill

Ml M

Mm Mi

Mod. pre-
script M In the manner din
Mol. wt. ... i weight.
Mor. sol. . . . ito .... In i way.

Muc Mu . . . M

Myg ... Myriagram.

Myl M

Mym. . . M\ nam

N ii.

Na N.iiriuiii Sodium.

Ni ...

No N

Noct By night.

O \ pint.

Ol. . . . Oli urn ....

Ol. oliv. .
Ol.-res. . .
O. m.
Omn. bin.
Omn. hor.
Omn. noct.

iua .
■ii mane .

. t mini ii

. Olive-oil.

. Oleoresin.

. E\ ery morning.

i \ two hours
rj hour.
: > night

Os. Osmium.

Ov Ovum \n egg.

Oz I'm 1. 1 Ounce.

Phosphorus, Pulse.

Part. aeq. . . Partes sequales

Pb Plumbum . .

P. c Post cibum . .

P. C Ponduscivile .

Pd

Phar

Pil Pilula

Equal parts.

I i .ul.

i tin-. lis.
Avoirdupois weight.
ladium.
. Pharmacopeia.
Pill.

Pocul Poculum \ cup

Pond Pondere . . By weight.

Pot Potio Potion; potassa.

Ppt Preparata Precipitate; Prepared.

P. rat. aetat . Pro rata <etati> . . In proportion to age.

P. r. n Pro re nata .... When required.

Pt Pint.

Pulv Pulvis Pow

Q. d Quater in die Four times a day.

Q. 1 Quantum libet . . Ai required.

Q. p Quantum plai

Q s " sufficit .

Qt

Q. v Quantum vis . . .

K

Ii. .

Kad.
Rb.

R< , ipe
Radix

R. D

Rect. . . .
Rep. . . .

S

S

S a

Sb

Scr

Sig

Sig. n. pr.

Sing. . .
Si non val.
Si op sit .
Solv. . . .
Sp.. or Spir.
Sp.gr. . .

itllS . . .

II 1 . 1 1 III- . . .

nils

• Signa

Si i undum ai tem

. Stibium . . .

Si i upulum . . .

. Signetur ....

a nomine

pn ipi in . . . .

. Singulorum . . .

. Si non \ aleat . .

. Si opus sit ...

ilve

. Spiritus

At will.

A sufficient quantity.
Quart.

\> much as you wish.
Reaumur's thermometer,

Ri spiration.
Take.

Rubidium.

ii of degeneration.
Ret lined.
Lei ii ted.

Hall ; Sulphur.
Label.

Ai i "i ding to art.
Autim
Si i uple.
Let it he labeled.

Ss Semi, semissis . .

St Stel

Su Sumal

S. v Spiritus vini . . .

S. v. r Spiritus vini

rectil i atus . . .

S. v. t Spiritus vini tenuis

Syr S\ 1 upus ....

T. d lit in die . .

Tr., Tinct. . . 'In,, tura . .
Ung 1 Inguentum .

Ur

Vesic Vesii atorium

Wt

V. s. b Venesectio bi

TTl Minimum

5 Drai hma ....

3 Scrupulum . . . .

3 Uncia

with common name.

ii h.
Ii it does not answer.

misite.
i h'ssolve.

Spit it.

ii gravity.
One-half.
Lei it stand.
Let him take.

Alcoholic spirit.

Rei i ified spirit of w inc.

alcohol, proof-spirit.
S\ 1 up.

ure.
Three times a day.
I ure.
Ointment.
Urine.
A blister.
w eight

nig from the arm.
Minim,
Dram.

pie.
c luni

ABBREVIATIONS THAT SHOULD ONLY BE USED UNDER HEADINGS, OR WITH A
CONTEXT, RENDERING THE MEANING OBVIOUS —Ewart.

S. C. F Supraclavii ular Fossa.

Sp. C Spinal Cord.

S. S. F Supra- -sa.

V. C. or V. B. . . Vocal Pan. Is.

Names of Diseases.

Bctasis Bronchiectasis.

Brhea Bronchorrhea.

Btls Bronchitis

G K Granular Kidney.

G. P General Paralysis.

Phth., or Phthisis.

Pna Pneumonia.

Pnx Pneumothorax.

Rhc F Rheumatic Fever.

Rhsm Rheumatism.

Set F Scarlet Fever.

Syph., or ot4. . . Syphilis.

Names of Rrgions or Organs.

Clavr r,.ivi, „,.ir

I. C. F Infraclavicular Fossa.

Infrascr .... Infrascapular.

Interscr Interscapular.

Mamy Mammary.

Names of Signs and Symptoms.

C / Cough.

Cephgia Cephalal

Hge Hemorrhage.

Ng'a Neuralgia.

N. S Night-swi

Spm Sputum.

T Ton

V g Vomiting

Vt Vomit

In Physical Examination, Etc.

H. C Humid ' >ns.

R. S Respii ati >i j Sound.

V. F Voi al I- 1' in I

V. S Vi 'ii e-si ium i

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OPHTII \I MOLOGY.

Ace Accommodation.

Ah Hyperopic Astigmatism.

Am Myopic Astigmatism.

As Astigmatism.

Ax

B. D Base (of prism) down.

B. I " in

B. O out.

B. U " " " up.

cm Centime I

Cyl .( vlinder, Cylindric Lens.

D

E Emmetropia, Emmetropic.

F Formula.

H H Hoi izontal.

L E Left Eyi

M Mvi ipia M; • ipii .

mm Mill

o. D Oi nius dexter— Ki I ' :

O. S Oculus sinisti I I

P. p Punctum prox!mum, Neai Point.

P. r Punctum remolum, Far Point

R. E Right I

Sph Spheric, Sphei ii I

Sym Symmel

V Vision, Visua Vertical.

-f , — , Plus, Mini I qual t".

oo Infinity, 20 li. distance.

3 Combined with.

0 Degree.

ABBREVIATE »NS

XI

ABBREVIATIONS .USED IN OTOLOGY.

a

A. C

A. D

A. S

B. C

c

d

F

gl

//

L

in.

Meat. Aud. Ext.

M. E

Meat. Aud. Int. ;

M.I

Men. dis. . . .

M. flac

M. T.; Mt. . . .

Myring

O

ot. ext. ac. . . .

Applied tool in contact with Auricle.

Aii-i ondm i ii m.

Auris dextra— Right Ear.

Auris sinistra — Lefl

Bi men ondui tion.

tact.
i ii ntes - applied to I < eth.
Tuning-fork.

i . lella applied to Forehead.
1 1. ,u ing Powi

Li n i

Applied to Mastoid.

■ rial Auditory Meatus.

Internal Auditory Meatus.

Meniei e's i lisease.

Meml cida ; Shrapnell's membrane.

Membrana tympani.

Myi ingitis.

Complete I a< lc of Perception of Sound.

Otitis externa acuta.

i Ititis externa i hronica.
Otitis media suppurativa acuta.

ot. ext. chron. .
ot. ext. diff. . .
ot. med. sup ac.
ot. med. sup.

chron Otitis media suppurativa

Pol Politzer's.

Pol. Ac Politzer's Acoumeter.

R Right I

S Susurrus— a Whisi

/ Applied to Temple.

Tymp T> mpanum.

ub Unique — when applied at all points.

Voice.

V Applied to Vertex.

vib Vibration.

- Applied to Zygoma

' I

" Inches.

oo Heard, but not I iider-.tood.

R Rhine's 'lest Positive.

— R Rinne's lest Negative.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS.

A., or An \uode.

Amp Ampere

A. C Anodal Closing.

A. C. C Anodal Closure Contraction.

A. C. O Anodal Closing Odor.

A. C. P Anodal Closing Picture.

A. C. S Anodal Closing Sound.

A. D Anodal Duration.

A. D. C Anodal Duration Contraction.

A. M Ampei v-ni.

A. O Anodal Opening.

A. O. C Anodal Opening Contraction.

A. O. O Anodal Opening Odor.

A. O. P Anodal Opening Picture.

A. O. S Anodal Opening Sound.

B Magnetic Induction.

B. A. U British Association Unit.

C Centigrade; Current; Cathode.

. Cathodal Closure.

. Cathodal Closure Contraction.

. Win. mis Degrees of Contraction.

. Cathodal Closing Tetanus.

. Centimeter-gram-second Units.

. ( '.i! hodal ( )pening.

. Cathodal Opening Contraction.

C. S Current-strength.

c.

c.

c.

c.

c.

c.

c.

c.

II

c.

c.

T.

c.

G.

s.

Un

its.

c.

o.

c.

o.

c.

. .

Duration ; Density.

De. R Reaction of Degeneration.

E Earth ; Electromotive Force.

E. M. D. P. . . . Electromotive Difference of Potential.

E. M. F Electromotive Force.

F. M Field Magnet.

H Horizontal Intensity of the Earth's Mag-
netism ; One Unit of Self-induction

H Intensity of Magnetic Force.

I Intensity of Magnetism.

J Joule.

K Electrostatic Capacity.

K Rath

Kl Klang (sound).

K. C Kathodal Closing.

K. C. C (Cathodal Closing Contraction.

K. C. T Kathodal Closing Tetai

K. D {Cathodal Duration (or Period of Closure ol

1 ;

K. D. C Kathodal Duration Contraction.

K. D. T Kathodal Duration Tetanus.

K. W Kilo-watt.

L Inductance (Coefficient of) ; Length.

M Strength ol Pole.

Ma Milliampere.

Mfd Mi. rofarad.

N North Pole.

O Opening ol I in uit.

P. D Potential Difference.

Q Electric Quantity.

R Ohmic Resistance.

S South Pole.

T Time.

Te Tetanic Contraction.

U Unit.

V Volume; Velocitv.

v \'..lt.

V. A Voltaic Alternative.

V. M Volt-meter.

W Work ; Weight : Watt

Z Contraction (Zucku

Z.Z.'Z." Increasing Strengths of Contraction.

k Magnetic Susceptibility.

fj. Magnetic Permeability.

u> Ohm.

p Specific Resistam

fi Megohm (one-millionth part of an ohm).

•i J- Battery.

+ Anode or Positive P

— Kathode or Negative Pole.

> . Greater than, as k~ > A.

< Less than.

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY

Am- indicates the group Nil...

Azo-, diazo-, and hydrazo- indicate compounds in which nitro-
gen atoms are linked in various ways.

Di- is applied as a prefix to signify /.

Im- indicates the group Nil

Ket- indicates the molecule CO in certain structural re-
lations.

Mon- is employed as a prefix to signify one.

Nitro- indicates the group NOo.

Pent- is applied as a prefix to signify five.

per- denotes in a rather v ise an indefinitely large

amount of the body to which it is prefixed, or to which
it is referred.

Sesqui- indicates the proportion of two to tin;-,-.

Sub- is employed in a rather vague sens,, to indicate defi-
ciency of the body tii which it is prefixed.

Tetr- is applied as a prefix to signify four.

Thio- indicates sulphur, especially replacing oxygen.

Tri- (sometimes " ter-") is applied as a prefix to signify tlirce.

-al indicates aldehydic structure.

-an is applied to a class of bodies related to the starch and
sugar group.

-ane indicates a saturated hydrocarbon.

-ase indicates an enzyme, or non-organized ferment, e.g., dias-

tase. This termination is at present restricted gener-
ally to enzymes of vegetable origin, but it should a
usi 1 with animal enzymes — which, however, usually end
in "in." It would thus be better t.> say pepsai
t> ypsase, rather than pepsin and trypsin.

-ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying any salt formed
be an acid acting on a base ; /•. £-., sulphate, phosphi

-ic denotes the higher of two valet med by an element,

and incidentally in many cases a larger amount o:
gen.

-in is of no precise significance, and is mostly applied to bodies
the structure of which is not yet known.

-yl, -ene, -enyl. and -ine indicate hydrocarbons. According
■ American s; by, the only case in

which "in--" is used is as a termination for a sei
hydrocarbons, beginning with Ethine, I ..dish

writers and some Anu-i ican chemists use it to signify basic
properties, regarding -in as the proper term for non-basic
bodies. They thus distinguish between salicin, which
forms in) salts with acids, and morphin (which under such .
system is spelled " morphine"), which does. It must be
noted that such methods are not in accordance with the
tendency of modern chemic nomenclature, which seeks
to express structure, not properties. The organic bases

Xll

ABBRE\ [ATIONS

or alkaloids the same type, and when

their structure is elucidated systematic names will be
found for them. Until then there is no particular gain
in indicating them as a group.

-id is " in.

-ol indicates alcoholic structure, i. e., presence of the group
HO (hydi . cohol, glycerol, phenol.

-one 1 to bodies related to the si

It is, however, nut used with this significance in " pep-

tone," which word is not formed according to any estab-

lished system.

-ose indicates a carbohydrate, e. g\, glucose, although it is

also occasionally applied to the results of digestion of

pi oteids, '-. g ., albumost
-ous denotes the lower ol two degrees of valency assumed

by an element and ini identall) indie ales, in many cases.

a small amount oi oxj gen.
The word sulphonic indicates the group HSO3.

Advt.

A. O.
a. p.

B. H.

B. L. .
C A. .

C. C.

C. G S.
C. O.
C. P. .
C. P. .

c. p. .
C. Q. S.
C. S. .

C. S.J.

D. I. D.
D. O.
D. P. .

d. p. . .

e. c.

F. M. D.

G. O. . .
I. . . .
I. A. . .
I. D. . .
I. P. . .
I. S. . .
J. P.

L. A. . .
L. B. . .
L. C. C.
L. E. . .
L. G. B.
L. S. A.
M. A. B.
M. A. M.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN HYGIENE AND SANITARY LAW.

. Advertisement.

der.
pit.

II. altll.

. By-Law or By-Laws.
.1 raing Authority,
icil.
I General Sessions.
z Order,
ntributory Place.
. Cattle-plague.
. Cesspits.

t <>t' yuarter Sessions.
imissioners of Sewers.
. Court ol Summary Jurisdiction.

ius Infei tious Disease.
. Demolition Order.

. Daily Penalty; < not exceeding; > not
less than.
■pit.
■ h-closet.
. Foot and Mouth Disease.
. General Order.

i'tor.
. Infected Area.
. Infectious Disease.
. Infected Place.
. Improvement Scheme.
. Justice nt the Peace.
. Local Authority.
. Local Board.
. London County Council.
. Local Enquiry.
. Local Government Hoard.

. I 1 ical Sanitary Authority.

. Metropolitan Asylums' Hoards.

. Metropolitan Asylums' Managers.

M. M. . .

. Medical Man.

M. O. . .

. Medical Officer.

M. O. H. .

. Medical Officei of Health.

N. O. . .

. .Nuisance ()i

O

. Ow ner ; < »c< upier.

O. C. . . .

Ordei in 1 'mine il.

O. R. . . .

. Official Representation.

P

. Privy.

P. A. . .

. Public Analyst.

P. C.

. Privj Council.

P. I. E. .

. Private Improvement Expenses.

P. O. . . .

. Prevention < )rder.

Prov. O. .

. Provisional Order.

P. P. . . .

. i'l. uro-Pneumonia.

P. S. A. .

. P01 1 Sanitary Authority.

P. S. C. . .

. Pettj Sessional Court.

Q. S.

. Quarter Sessions.

R. A. . . .

. Rural Authority.

R. D. . .

. Rural District.

Rg

. Regulations.

R. P. C. .

. Rivers-pollution Commission.

R. S. A. .

. Rural Sanitary Authoi ity.

R. S. D. .

. Rural Sanitary District.

S. A. . . .

. Sanitary Authority.

s. c. ...

. Sanitary < '< >n\ enience.

S. I. ...

. Sanitary Inspector.

S. O. . .

. Special Order.

S. S. ...

. Secretary ol State.

U. A. . .

. Urban Authoritj ; Unhealthy Area

U. D. . .

. Urban Disd

U. H. H. .

. Unfit lor Human Habitation.

U. S. A. .

. Urban Sanitai v Authoi ity.

U. S. D. .

. Urban Sanitary District.

V. I. ...

. Veterinary Inspet tor.

. Water-i li

W. Co. . .

. Water Company.

w. w. .

. Water Wmks.

ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR ACTS OF PARLIAMENT.

A. A

C. B. A.

C. D. A.. A.

C. L. H. A.

D. C. M.O. .

F. W. A.
H. W. C. A.
I. D. 'N. A.
I. D. IP.) A.
L. C. C. A.
L. G. A.

Alkali Acts, 1S63, 1874 (Consolidated), 1881. M. L. M. A.

Canal Boats Ads. 1877-84. M. W. C. A.

Contagious Diseases (Animal) Act, 1878. P. H. A. . .

Common Lodging Houses Act. i85i,etc. P. H. (A.) A.

Dairv, Cowshed, and Milk Shop Order, P. H. (DA.

J5-6. P. H. (L. A.

Factories and Workshop Act, :S78. P. H. (S.) A.

Housing of Working Classes Act, 1S90. P. H. (W.) A

Infectious Diseases 1 Notification 1 Act, 1889. P. W. L. A.

(Prevention) Act, 1890. R. P. A. . .

Land Clauses (Consolidation) Acts, 1845. S. F. D. A. .

Local Government Act, 1888. S. J. A. . . .

. Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855.

Water Companies Act, 1871.
. Public Health (Kngland) Act, 1875.
. " " (Amendt.) " 1S90.

. " " (Ireland) " 1878.

. " " (London) " 1891.

. " " (Scotland) " 1867.

(Water) " 1878.
. Public Works Loans Act, 1879.
. Rivers Pollution A< t, 1876
. Sale ol' Food and Drills Act, 1875.

. Summary Jurisdiction Act.

SIGNS ABBREVIATIONS, ETC., U*SED IN DESCRIPTIVE ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY.

O !

Inches

" Lines; each one-twelfth of an inch, or about

two millimeters.
! A mark of affirmation or authentication.

? \ mark of doubt.

- Figures or words separated by a short dash

indicate the 3 of variation, as

5-10" long, few-many flowered ; i. '■.,

varying from 5 to 10 lines in length, and
with few to many flowers.

c.C Cubic centimeter.

cm. Centimeter.

mm Millimi I

m- The Micron, Micromi'limeter, or unit of

For coi
the following table of
comparative measurements is given : —

n hi
I

2. .
3.

4 "

5- •

M- In

6. .

7. .

8. . .

9- • •

10. .

Inch, ix

iv .... 2.5399

2S-3997

tAo 253.9972

One Meter . 39.370432 in.

X Used to express magnification, thus X 1000

indicates a magnification of 1000 diame-
ters. The impropei fraction '","" indi-
cates the same thing, but is rarely used.

(D An annual Herb.

© A biennial Herb.

A perennial 1 1

t> An Undershrub, deciduous.

S3 An Undershrub, evergreen.

O A Shrub, dei iduous.

O A Shi 11b, ' \ ei ■.! ■ 1 ii

O . . . ... A Tree, dec idu

\3 A Tree, every 1

1? An herbaceous Vine, annual or biennial.

*p \ woody Vine, deciduous

"r? A woody Vim 1 en.

l~ A trailing Herb, annual or biennial.

k> A trailing Hi nial.

££■ An aquatic plant.

§ Flowers perfect.

ABBREVIATIONS

Xlll

<f A male animator a plant or flower bear-
ing only stamens 01 antheridia.

$ A female animal or a plant or flower

bearing only pistils or an begonia.

Q A young animal of undetermined sex, thus

cfo, young m lie, i u j yg for young female,
but jjuv {Juvenis, young).

0 A monocarpn plant.

0= Cotyledons accumbent.

OH Cotyledons incumbent.

f A plant introduced ami naturalized.

f A plant cultivated for ornament.

I A plant cultivated for use.

8 Monecious.

cf 9 Diei i' ius

d" § 9 Polygamus.

O Wanting or none.

oo Numerous or indefinite ; more than twenty

when applied to stamens.

<r The microsecond represents .on i si

the unit of time in experiments or psycho-
physic reactions.

Ant/tors' names are abbreviated in the foil '■ ranner: —

Ait., Aiton. Bech., Bechstein. Cham., Chamisso. Dum.,
Dumeril, etc.

Nupt, signifies in ornithology, breeding plumage.

hornot, means a bird ol the yi U

-aceae, a suffix used in botany to designate a family, the name
chosen being one of the principal genera. Ex., Rosa, Ros-
acea, Ranunculus, Raninuulaccce. Ci.,icece,idetz, inecE,
ea.

-ana, preferably used as a suffix to the name of a species
around which others naturally cluster, in the naming of
subsections or groups of species; e.g., the group of
species of Helix related to //. pomaiia may be indicated
by the term Pomatiana.

-ensis, a termination given to the names of species only when
derived from the name of their habitat; e.g., Ta-nia
niadagascariensis, Daphne chinensis, Dractzna brasili-
ensis.

Eu-, employed as a prefix in forming the names of genera, sub-
genera, or sections of genera before a Gi%eek derivative.

Excl. gen., exclusit genus.

Excl. sps., exclusit species.

Excl. var., exclusit varietas, when following an onym, indi-
cates that the group has undergone revision, and the
name does not cover the original ground to the extent
indicated.

-ia, -ius, -ica, -icus, -ina, -inus, -ita, -itus, terminations
used in making specific names which are derived from
the name of a river or other body of water, a province,
a country, or a kingdom ; e. g., arabicus.

-iceae, -ideae, -ineae, suffixes used in botany to designate a
family when the name taken ends in Latin -ix or -is
(genitive icis, idis, iscis); e.g., Salicinece from Salix,
Berberidece from Herberts, Tamariscinece from Tannin v.

-sae, as a rule, these suffixes, together with ece, are employed
to designate botanic sub-families, tribes, and sub-tribes ;
e. g., Rosea from Rosa.

-idae, -inae, the suffixes added to the name of the earliest
known or most characteristic genus, to designate zoologic

families or sub-families; e. g., Slrix, Strigis, Strigidce,

/:u, ■ rolis. But eroi
-ites, -itis, frequently employed to designate fossil organisms

analogous to the living form whose genei is the

radical to which ites is appended. They are rarely used

with specific names
Mutatis char., mutatis characteris, when following a specific

name signifies a < hange in the diagnostic characters of a

-astrum, -oidea or -oides, -oidalis, -oideum, -opsis, termina-
tions employed in forming generii

i lie names after a Greek derivative. Bourguinal
served to be appended to the
name of a genus to indicate its typical sub-division.
Opsi.\ ami oides should be reserved for sub-divisions of a
genus which resemble another genus, by adding them to
the name of thai other genus when it is of Greek .rigin.

-oides is pi eferabl -k or

bai barous I never Latin I origin

(a) When the radical •■! the specific name is the name of a
genus which it resembles, e. g., Salix myrtillo
Bupleurum ranunculoides, Malva abutiloides, Thuja
cupressoi

(b) When the radical is the name of another species which
the new one resembles. Helix carascaloid.es, a species
like //. , iii ascalensis.

(c) When the radii al of the specific name is a Greek word
signifying an animal, organ, part, object, as Potentilla
iii, n knot tea, Prenanthei deltoidea, Jungermannia zo'dp-

, rhomboidale, pterigoideus, paraboloides,
din ti oideus.

Only one apparent exception to the compounding of Greek
and Latin has been consecrated by usage; viz. : ovoides
from o7>um and tiSo? ; this has arisen from the absence of
euphony in the correct form, ooides (<io>>, and €i5osi.

pro-parte, for a part, when following a specific name indi-
cates that since its tirst application the group has been
revised.

Pseudo-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before
a < .reek derivative.

-pteris, a termination frequently employed in the generic
names of ferns, for the purpose oi recalling the affinities
< >l the genus.

sp. (i) In zoology, abbreviation of species, written when the
specific name is not known or is wanting, or if placed
after the name of the authority, as Crania craniolaris,
Linne sp., indicates that Untie is only to be credited
with the specific name.
(2) In botany, species or specimen.

Sub-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before a
Latin derivative. It may also be used in designating a
new species before the name of another with which the
first was in intimate relation. It is also used in the sense
of nearly, less, somewhat, slightly. It has. moreover, a
few legitimate Latin compounds which may be used for
specific names ; e.g.,subterraneus, iubalpinus-a-um, sub-
currens, subcutaneus, subdimidiatus, subjectus, sub-
mersus, subrotundus, substrains.

Sub-sp., subspecies.

gen., genus.

var., variety, placed before the name of a plant or animal
indicates that it is a hybrid of doubtful origin.

SUNDRY

Adj Adjective.

Adv Adverb.

Am American.

Arab Arabic.

A. S Anglo-Saxon.

Bot Botany. Botanic.

B. Ph British Pharmacopeia.

Celt Celtic.

Cf Confer, see.

Chem Chemistry, Chemic.

Colloq Colloquial.

Comp Compounded, Compound.

Dim Diminutive.

e. g [Exempli gratia), For example.

Elec Electricitv.

Eng English.

Etym Etymology, Etymologic.

f. Feminine.

Fr French.

Geog Geography, Geographic.

Geol. . Geology, Geologic.

Geom Geometry, Geometric.

Ger . German.

G. Ph German Pharmacopeia.

Gr Greek.

Heb Hebrew.

Hind Hindustani.

Ichth Ichthyology.

i. e (id est), that is.

It Italian.

ABBREVIATIONS.

L., or Lat Latin.

Masc Masculine.

Math -Mathematics.

Med Medicine. Medical.

M. E Middle English.

N. F National Formulary.

Nat. Hist Natural History.

Neg Negative.

Obs Obsolete.

O. F Old French.

Ophth Ophthalmology, Ophthalmologic.

Path Pathology, Pathologic.

Phil Philosophy, Philosophic.

Phys Phvsiology, Phvsiologic.

pi Plural.

priv Privative.

Pron Pronounced, Pronunciation.

q.v (Quod vide) which see.

Sax Saxon.

Sing Singular.

Sp Spanish.

Surg s . -urgical.

Unof Unofficial.

U. S. Ph t'nited Slates Pharmacopeia.

v Verb.

v. i Intransitive verb.

vide S(

v. t Transitive verb.

Zool Zoology, Zoologic.

S.1V

ABBRE\ I A 1 [< »NS

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN MEDICAL TERMS.

PREFIX I S.

A-. an-, billed alph ''.r. a, av, or an), the equiva-

lent of our pr< denotes an ab want

: bj the pi incipal :
ia, apyi
is use. I before consonants,
an I and, rarely, am before bl or 6>\ i

be distinguished from ana.)

Ad- i it, toward iction, adhesion. The d is

mpound to correspond tc the next
let! '.-, appt ndt i

Al-(Arab.) article : alchemy, the secret art; alcohol,

the \ ery subtle.

Amphi- o.r amph-1 i<ip<;»i I, upon l>i>th sides, in two ways, as in
amphiat xmphibia, etc.

Ana- -,h, again ; e. g., anabeKsm, anasarca,

anal

Anti- (01 ant-i (avri). Against, opposed to, opposite of ; as
an/a : . antibt achium, antipyretic, antiseptic, etc.

Apo- ff, away, upon j e. g., aponeurosis, apoplexy, etc.

Auto- (aCi-df). S( toprpsia, autoj.

Bary- (fiapvs). Heavy, difficult : as barymezia, baryphonia

Bi-, bin- (bis). Twice, twofold; e.g., bicuspid, bivalent, binoc-
ular, binaural.

Bio-i8io,-i. I lasm, biology, biolysis.

Brach- (fipa^ioiv). Ai m, pertaining to the arm ; as brachialgia,

Broncho- (&p6y\o<;). Pertaining to the trachea; as bronchor-
rhagia, b> onchotomy.

Cardi-, cardio- (xapSia). Pertaining to the heart, as cardio-
'/. caraia .

Celio-. cceho- ocoiAca;. Pertaining to the belly, as celiotomy,
cast

Chiro- \«ip). The hand. Chiragra, chiropodist.

Co-, con-. Together, along with ; e.g., coitus, congenital.

Dacryo- (Saxpvotd. A tear, pertaining to a tear ; as dacryoid,
da 'is.

Dactyl- (SaxrvAos). A finger; pertaining to the fingers; as
dactylitis, dactylion, dactylate.

Dermo-, dermato- (6epn.a). The skin ; pertaining to the skin ;
e g-, dermotomy, dermatolysis

Di- (<5is). Twice, double; as dimorphism, digastric.

Dia- (oia) Through. Examples: diabetes, diagnosis, dia-
phragm, diarrhea, etc.

Dyn- (Siiva^is) Force, power; dynamogeny, dyttamograph.

Dys- (5vs). Difficult, defective, painful ; e.g., dysentery, dysp-
nea, dysuria.

Ec-, ex-, ecto- (««, tf. exi-os). Out, outside, away from ; as
in ecchymoses, ecdemic, eclampsia, exostosis, exanthema,
',) opion, ectoderm.

En-, em- (iv, e/x) In, within ; as in embryo, embolism, en-
demic, etc.

Endo-, ento- (ivros). Within, internal ; e. g., endarteritis,
endoscope, entoblast, entoptic.

Entero- ,ivttpov). The intestine ; as in enterocele, enter-
ostomy, etc.

Epi- (euil. Upon, over, above: e. g., epiblast, epicranium,
epi ■identic, etc.

Extra- (Lot.). Outside; e.g., extravasation, extroversion.

Galact-(y«Aai. Milk : asgalactocele, galactosemia, galacluria.

Gastro- (ya<rT)jpi. The stomach; relation to the stomach;
. gastrocele, gastrocnemius, gastroenterostomy, etc.

Genio- [yevtiov). Pertaining to the chin; e. g., geniohyoglos-
. geniohyoid.

Glosso- (-/AwTo-ai. Pertaining to the tongue. Sec glossology,
glo vtia.

Haema-, haemato- or hemo- (aiual The blood : pertaining to
hematemesis, hematoma, hemort

Hemi- (qjit-rj/iurvs). Half; as in hemiachromatopsia, hemi-
crania. hemiplegia.

Hepat- iri-irap). Tin- liver : pertaining to the liv< \epat-.

m, hepatopostema.

Hetera- Different; opposite; e.g., heteroinfection,

het heteropathy

Hydro-, hydr- ft/Scop i. Water ; resembling or relating to water,
dro| as in hydremia, hydragogue, hydrate,

Hype rated abnormalitv in amount,

hypermeti
. and nthei S
Hypr. nopathy, hypnotism

Hypo- mount, size, quality,

■ ihenia,
atic, hypoglossal.
Hystera-, hystero- ; relation

I" ' o epilepsy,

Ileo- (Ileum). Pertaining to the ileum ■ e. g., ileo-colilis, ilea-

hllS.

Ilio- ( Ilium). Pertaining to the ilium ; e. g., iliofemoral, ilio-
lumbar.
Im-, in- {/m. Privative, negative; as imperforate, incarcer-
n, insane, incontinent e.

In- (tv). In, within, u] bj ; as incubation, infarction, in-

immation, inoculation, etc.
Infra- (Infra). Beneath, below; e.g., inframaxillary, in-

tlar.
Inter- (/m/ Between. See intercellular, intercostal, inter-

ti i^o, and otb
Intra- (Intra). Within, inside of, as inlra-articular, intra-
ute> ine.

Iso- ticros-). Equal, like; e.g., isometric, isothermal, isopathy.
Kata-, kath- ((card). Down, through ; askatabolism, katatoma,

kathode.
Leuko- (AeuKo?). Whiteness; e. g., leukemia, leukocyte,

leukomain, leukort hea.
Lith-, litho- (Ai0o?). Pertaining to stone, call ulus, or litbic

ai id. See lit hernia, lithiasts, lithotripsy, i ti
Macro- (pa/cpos). Large ness, hypertrophy ; as in macroglossia,

ntacromelia.
Mai- (Malu >. Bad ; as malformation, malpractice, malaria
Melano- (p.«Aas). Blackness, pigmentation ; e g., melancholia,

melano-sat coma.
Meso- (/jeo-os). The middle; e.g., ntesoblast, mesocolon, etc.
Meta- (uero). With, after; e. g., metabolism, metatarsus
Micro- (/uocpo?). Smallness; e.g., micrococcus, microglossia,

microscope.
Mon-, mono- (pdros). Singleness. For example, monamin,

monomania, monorchis.
Morpho- (/xop</)r;). Shape, form; e.g.,morphography,morphol-

og v, morphometry.
Multi- (multus). Number, many; e.g., mullilocular, multi-

parous.
Myelo- (jiveAdc). Referring to the brain or spinal cord; as

myeloid, myelitis.

Myo- (juvs). Pertaining to a muscle or to muscularity. See
myocarditis, myoma, myopathy.

Neo- (i-KKi. New, recent, young ; as neogala, neo-membrane,
neoplasm.

Nephr- ircifrposi. Pertaining to the kidney; e. g , uefhra-
postasis, nephria nephritis.

Neuro- (vevpov). Relating to a nerve or to neurology In the ori-
ginal Greek the word meant a cord or tendon, — neurosis,
the stringing of the bow. It is now applied only to
nerve-structure; as, e. g., neuralgia, neurasthenia,
neurilemma, neuroglia.

Ob- [Ob). In front of, against, denoting hindrance or ob-
struction; e. g., obstruent, obturator, occlusion, op-
ponens.

Odonto- (6S01/O. Of the teeth ; as odontology, odontalgia.

Oligo- (0A1709). Fewness or lack of, as oligocythemia.

Ophthalmo- (r>4>0aAp.os). Pertaining to the eye, as ophthal-
mia, ophthalmoplegia.

Ortho- [op86<s). Straight, upright, correct. See orthoscope,
orthopedia, ■ tris.

Osteo- iba-r(oi'). Referring to bone. See osteoblast, osteomyel-
itis, osteoplastic.

Oto- (m'(i. Pertaining to the ear, as otorrhea, otophone.

Oxy- ii'fes). Denoting the presence of oxygen, or acidity ; as
oxygen, 0 vyhemoglobtn.

Pan-, Pant- (i-ds, 7rdi). All, every, universal; as pancreas,
pangenesis, pantomorphic.

Para- (itapaA. Through, near, by, by the side of, abnormality.
Examples: paracentesis, paresthesia, parenchyma, p1"-

Peri- (TTtpi). About, around. See, e. g., pericardium, I en-
meter, perilymph, pet iosteum.

Pod- (irovs). Pertaining to the foot, as podalgia, podedema.

Poly-, pol- (TroAiif). Manx-, nun b ; e.g., polycorta, polygalac-
tia, polyuria.

Prae-. pre- 'Fieri. Before; e g., prcecordia, prepuce.

Pro- (wp6Y Before, down ; as in process, procidentia, prolapse,
proptosii .

Proc-. procto- f-pwKTo?) The anus, pertaining to the anus;
tilt's, pi octopl

Pseudo- tjsev&ri<;). False, spurious ; as in pseudoarthrosis, pseudo-

Pyo- (irvof), Pertaining to pus or purulency; 1 -;//.,

pyosaipin 1 ,

Pyr-, pyro- firvp). Conci 01 beat, or inflammation ;

pyrexia.
Retro- 1 /•: Backward, behind; e. g., retroft

ion

Rhin-, Rhino- [pis). Pertaining to the nose, as rhinoplasty,

rhinitis.
Semi- (Semis). Half, partly, almost, as semicapium, setui-

liin.n .

ABBREVIATIONS

xv

Sphyg- (o-(l>vyn6s). Pertaining to the pulse, as sphygmometer,

tphygmotechny.
Sub- (Sub). Beneath, under ; and also partially or defii

of, as subt lavian, subluxation.
Super- (Super). Above, upon ; excess of; e. g., superctlium,

superfecundation.

Supra- [Supi-a). Above, upon, superior to, as suprau>

supraspinatu s.
Sym-. syn- vv\ . With, together, same. See, e. g., symblepk-

aron, symphy i , synalgia, synchondi

Zo'6- ti'uioej. Animal. Si . r, zobchemia.

s IF FIXES.

-ago (agere) Gives the idea of activity, presentation, etc.; as
lumbago.

-agogue (ayfir, to bear off, cany away). Signifies an a

stimulating the function ol exi retioii or se( r< tion of the
product, 'rims, emmenagogue, hydragogue, sialagogue.

-agra (dypa, an attack, seizun D notes an acute attack of
pain in the part, as arthragra, podagra.

-algia (dAyos, pain). Pain in a part, • I by the chief

word ; e. i-.. • ephalalgia, g as tr algia.

-atresia (aTpijcrta). Imperforate, as in proi (atresia.

-cele (kt)A>)). A tumor, hernia, or protrusion. See cystocele,
hydrocele, meningocele.

-cele, ccele (<oi\ia). A cavity, ventricle; e. g., mcsocele.

-ectomy (eKTejxpcti'). Kxcision, exsei tion; as inoophore< tomy,
nephrectomy, splene> t<>»iv.

-emia, (<ii/u.a, blood). D< not< - a • ondition of the blood, or an
ingredient in the same, expressed by preceding word ;
e.g., hydremia, lit hernia, pyemia, uremia

-etin (pjjtiVj)) Used in the nanus of certain resins, asabie/iu.

-fuge Ougare, to expel). Driving out, an expeller, as vermi-
fuge, febrifuge, etc.

-graph, graphy [ypd$eiv, to write). An instrument ; a treatise
or description ; e.g., sphygmograph, demography.

-ia, oft jn contrai ted to -t , denotes the < inality of the root-word
as an abstract noun, as acromegalia, acromegaly.

-idae (-i'5ijs). The suffix to the name of a genus forming the
name of a family ; bovidcE, equidce.

-igo. A variation of -ago; e.g., prurigo, vertigo.

-is, -sis. Present the abstract idea of activity of the root-word.

-ism (-KTM09). Implies the doctrine, practice, or theory of the
principal word ; Darwinism, tribadism.

-ite (-i7->)s). Of the nature of. In anatomy, denoting a constit-
uent part of an organ; Assergite,sternile. In chemistry,
any salt of an -ous acid ; as sulphite, phosphite.

-itis (-iTts). Originally the feminine ending of Greek substan-
tives and denotes an especial activity of the root-word.
By habit and general use it is now limited to inflam-
matory activity ; as gastritis, otitis, etc.

-logy (Aoyo?, discourse). A treatise upon ; as bacteriology,
dermatology, pathology.

-lysis (Au'o-15, a loosening). A separation into constituent parts,
or the setting free of some part : as hydrolysis, analysis.

-malacia (ndAaxos, soft). Abnormal softness ; as in osteo-
malacia.

-mania ijiana, madness). The chief word denotes the principal

symptom of the mental affection; e. g., erotomania,
kleptomania, c t< .

-meter [fierpov, a measure). An instrument for measuring;
e. g., aerometei . u> inomeli r

-odynia oSvktj, excessive pain) Th< principal word denotes
the seat 1 pain, as coccygodynia.

-oid (fl&os, form). Similar in shape, etc.; as in choroid, cuboid,
fphenoid, .< // h

-oma (uj/ia). A tu 1 1 glioma, sarcoma.

-opia (u>4i). Pertaining to the eye or vision; as in awWi
myopia, etc.

-orium, -torium. -sorium trr/piop). Designate places, tools,
etc : as tentorium, auditorium, ■

-osis, -osus, derived from Cieik words in -ba>, and usually
denote 1 dundancy, excess.

-pathy inddo<;). A condition ol disease, and also a method of
cute; as adenopathy, psychopathy, homeopathy, hydro-
path 1 .

-phobia (<6o0o?. fear). Morbid or exaggerated fear or dread,
as agoraphobia, photophobia. t

-plasty (n-Adao-cii'. to lornn Surgical plastic operation upon
a part: e.g., bleph y, ihinoplasty.

-rhagia (prjyi'iTii, to burst forth). A hemorrhage or excessive
discharge-; e g., blennorrhagia, metrorrt

-rhaphy (pa<;»j, a suture 1. A stitching or suturing of a part ; as
entei 01 rhaphy, perineot > haphy.

-rhea Ipeeiv, to flow). An excessive discharge or excretion : as
blennorrhea, diarrhea, leukorrhea.

-scope (o-ico7rtir, to look). An instrument for making an exam-
ination ; as laryngoscope, microscope.

-scopy (dKOTriiiv). An examination ; as ophthalmoscopy.

-stomy OTTo/ia. mouth). A suffix seen in the names of those
surgical operations in which an artificial opening or pas-
sage is formed, as enterostomy.

-tas, -ty. Derived originally from the Greek -T7)s, denote ab-
stract quality or idea, as immunity, acidi

-tio, -atio, -tion. A suffix of verbal roots denoting an action
or function as taking place — an occurrence The n was
added to the original -tio by Roman and French in-
fluence.

-tomy (Te/xveiv, to cutl. Incision: e. g., laparotomy, tenotomy.

-ulus, -ula, -ulum, -ola, -ion, -ellus, -illus. -leus. Diminu-
tives.

-uria (ovpeeiv, to urinate). Abnormalities of the urine or of
urination ; as albuminu? ia, polyuria.

A. A. S

A. B. or B. A. .

A. M

CM

D. D. S

D. P. H

D. S. M

D. S. S

F. B. S. . .

F. B. S.Ed. . .

F. C. S

F. E. S

F. F. P. S. G.

F. K. Q. C. P. I.

F. L. S

F. R. C. P. L. .

F. R.C. P. Ed. .

F. R. C. P. I. . .

F. R. C. S. E. .

F. R. C. S. Ed. .

F. R. C. S. I. . .

F. R. S

F. R. S. E. . .
F. R. S. L. . . .

L. A. H

L. D. S

L. F. P. S. G. .

L. K. Q. C. P. I.

DEGREES, DIPLOMAS, AND QUALIFICATIONS.

Fellow of the American Academy. LL, B Bachelor of Laws.

Bachelor of Arts. LL. D Doctor of Laws.

Master of Arts. L. R. C. P. L. . . Licentiate of the Royal College of Physi-

Master in Surgery. cians of London.

Doctor of Dental Surgery. L. R. C. P. Ed. . . Licentiate of the Royal College of Physi-

Diploma in Public Health. cians of Edinburgh.

Diploma in State Medicine. L. R.C. S. Ed. . . Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons

Diploma in Sanitary Science. of Edinburgh.

Fellow of the Botanical Society. L. R. C. S. I. . . . Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons

Fellow Botanical Society of Edinburgh. in Ireland.

Fellow of the Chemical Society. L. S. A Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Society of

Fellow of the Entomological Society. London.

Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians and L. S. S Licentiate in Sanitary Science.

Surgeons of Glasgow. M. A Master of Arts.

Fellow of the King and Queen's College of M. B Bachelor of Medicine.

Physicians of Ireland. M. D Doctor of Medicine.

Fellow of the Linnaean Society. M. K. Q. C. P. I. . Member of the King and Queen's College

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Physicians of Ireland.

of London. M. P. S Member ol the Pharmaceutical Society.

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians M. R. C. C. ... Member Royal College of Chemistry.

of Edinburgh. M. R. C. P. L. . . Member of the Royal College of Physicians

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London.

of Ireland. M. R. C. P. Ed. . Member ofthe Royal College of Physicians

Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

of England. M. R. C. P. I. . . Member of the Royal College of Physicians-.

Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland.

of Edinburgh. M. R. C. S. E. . . Member of the Royal College of Surgeons

Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

in Ireland. M. R. C. S. Ed. . Member of the Royal College of Surgeons

. Fellow of the Royal Society. of Edinburgh.

, Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. M. R. C. S. I. . , Member of the Royal College of Surgeons

, Fellow of the Royal Society of London. in Ireland.

ticentiateofthe Apothecaries' Hall, Dublin. M. R. C. V. S. . . Member of the Royal College of Veterinary

iceiitiate in Dental Surgery. Surgeons.

, Licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and M. S Master in Surgery.

Surgeons of Glasgow. Ph B Bachelor of Philosophy.

, Licentiate of the King and Queen's College Ph. D Doctor of Philosot

of Physicians of Ireland. V. S Veterinary Surgeon.

INDEX OF TABLES

AND IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS, WHEREIN LARGE NUMBERS OF FACTS ARE

BROUGHT TOGETHER AND CLASSIFIED.

PAl I

reviations ix

Prefixes and Suffixes, . . xiv

Acids 28

hols 56

1yds 57

79

s3

116

Artificial Feeding of Infants . . 140

157

ivv

Baths 195

ctrical, used in Medicine, 1

217

th Sounds 235

253

Carbohydrates, 261

Catheters, S\/.f± ui Illustrated ) , 272

1 280

285

Milks, 316

Convolutions of Cerebrum (Illustrated), .... 323

Craniometric Points, 337

Diameters, Craniometric and Pelvic, 369

. Eponymic, 380

-. Gaubins' Table 395

Ducts 398

F.lectric Units 413

I nents, Chemic, 416

Ethers 444

Exanthemata, 450

metry 465

ns and Presentations of, 467

466

Fissures, 473

Flour, 479

482

Foramina, 483

Jia 502

Glands 517

Lkerchief Dressings (Illustrated ) , 540

nia (Illustrated), 561

Hydrocarbons, 581

nity, 015

surgical {Illustrated),

Koumiss, Analysis of, 646

una, 055

663

ikomains

■if. 11 of 678

679

688

ilization 701

Membrana 741

Metri m -59

PAGl

Milk, Analysis of, 70S

Monstrosities 779

Motor Points {Illustrated), 784

.Mulatto 789

Murmurs 792

Muscles [Illustrated ) 795

Nerves [Illustrated) 848

Nuclei, 878

1 lils 889

» lleomargarin, Analysis of, 892

( Iperations, Eponymic, 899

• Irganotherapy, 940

Paralyses, 973

Parasites {Illustrated), 97S

035
075

0S5

109

114

121

133

161

167

175
IM
2IO

235
245
248

253
255
323
329
331

Pelves (Illustrated)

Phthisis,

Pigments,

Planes,

Plates

Plexuses,

Points

Poisons

Position, and Position and Direction,

Postures | lllustrat </)

Pregnancy,

Processes

Pti .mains,

Kales,

Reflexes,

Regions (Illustrated),

Resins

Respiration

Signs and Symptoms of Disease, . .

Sinuses (Illustrated),

Skin Diseases,

Soaps

es,

tacle Lenses, Numbering of

Spinal Cord, Localization in (Illustrated
Stains, Fluids for Fixing ami Hardening, etc.

Starches (Illustrated ) ,

Sugars

Sutures (Illustrated),

I ests

Theories,

Thermometers, Comparison of,

Treatments

Triangles

Tumors [Illustrated')

Urinary Calculi, Analysis of

Urinary Sediment

I rine, < lolors of the,

\ eins

Wave-lengths and Frequencies of Light,
Weights and Measures (Illustrated), . .

338

343
346
354
367
408

43°
437
468
5io
513
532
539
555
576

577
580
592
(.12
613

xvi

AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY

i

Medicine, Biology, and Allied Sciences.

A [d, dv, or an, without]. The Greek letter alpha, called
alpha privative, equivalent lo the prefix icn or in. It
denotes absence or want of the thing or quality expressed
by the root of the word. ,r i- used before consonant,
and an- before vowel sounds; am- is sometimes used
before -bl or -be. Also, tin- symbol of An

Aa [dvd, of each]. An abbreviation, written aa, used
in prescriptions to denote repetition of the same quan-
tity for each item

aaa. Abbreviation for Amalgam.

Aasmus (a-as' '-inns) [aaauoc, a breathing out]. Asthma.

Ab [ab, from]. A Latin prefix Minifying from.

Abaca \ab'-ak-ah, Sp. pron. ali-vah-kah'). Manilla
hemp. .See Hemp. Also Musa textilis, the plant
which produces it.

Abactinal (ab ak'-tin-al \ [ab, away; actinal, the oral
surface of a radiate animal]. In biology, aboral.
Agassiz's term for the surface of radiates opposite to
that having the mouth.

Abactio [ad-ak'-sh e-o) [abigere, to drive away]. An
abortion, or labor, artificially induced.

Abactus Venter (ab-akf-tus ven'-ter) [abigere, to drive
out ; venter, the belly]. An abortion procured by artifi-
cial means.

Abadie's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.

Abalienated (ab-dl'-yen-a-ted) [abalienatus, alienated,
estranged]. I. Deranged, or insane. 2. Gangrenous,
or so severely injured as to require amputation or extir-
pation.

Abalienation (ab-dl-yen-af -shuti) [abalienatio; ab, away;
alienare, to transfer]. Decay, especially mental decay,
insanity.

Abanet. See Abnet.

Abaptista (ah-bap-Hs* -taK). Same as Abaptiston.

Abaptiston (ak-bap-tis' -ton) [d priv. ; fiaTCTLcroq, im-
mersed]. A trephine so shaped that penetration of the
brain is impossible.

Abarthrosis (ab-ar-thro1 '-sis) [ab, from; arthrosis, a
joint]. Same as Diarlhrosis, or Abarticulation.

Abarticular (ab-ar-tik' '-u-lar) [ab, from; articulus,
joint]. Not connected with or situated near a joint.

Abarticulation (ab ar-tik-u-la' -shun) [ab, from; articu-
latio, joint]. 1. Same as Diarthrosis, a term more
frequently used; sometimes also a synonym of Synar-
throsis. 2. A luxation ; the dislocation of a joint.

Abasia (ah-bdf-ze-ah) [a priv.; jdatg, a step]. Motor
incoordination in walking. See Astasia.

Abasic (ah-bd'-sik). Pertaining to, or affected with,
abasia.

Abatement (a-bdt'-ment) [ab, from; batuere, to strike].
Mitigation or decrease in severity of pain, or of any
untoward symptom or condition.

2 17

Abattoir {ah-bat-war' \ [It.]. A daughter-house or
establishment for the killing and dressing of animals.

Abaxial (ab-ak? -se-al) [ab, from; axis, an axle]. Not
situated in the line of the axis. In botany, indicating
that the embryo is not in the axis of the seed.

Abbe Condenser. See Illuminator, Abbe. A. Illumi-
nator. See Illuminator.

Abbe's Apochromatic Lenses. See Apoi hromatic
I, ns. A. Catgut Rings, rings composed of eight
or ten turns of heavy catgut in the shape of an oval,
with inside diameter of two inches, f. >r use in intesti-
nal anastomotic.

Abbreviate, or Abbreviated iab-bre' '-ve-a-led) [ab,
from; breviare, to shorten]. Shortened, cut >hort.

Abbreviations (abbre-ve-a' -shunz). See List of Abbre-
viations in introductory matter.

Abdomen (ab-dof-men or atf-do-men) [abdere, to hide].
The large inferior cavity of the trunk, extending from
the pelvic cavity to the diaphragm, and bounded in
front and at the sides by the lower ribs and abdominal
muscles, and behind by the vertebral column, the psoas
and quadratus lumborum muscles. It is artificially
divided into nine regions by two circular lines, the upper
parallel with the cartilages of the ninth ribs, the lower
with the iliac crests, and by two lines from the cartilages
of the eighth rib to the center of Poupart's ligament.
The regions thus formed are, above, the right hypochon-
driac, the epigastric, and the left hypochondriac;
secondlv, the right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar;
and below, the right inguinal, the hypogastric and the
left inguinal. A., Pendulous, a relaxed condition
of the abdominal walls in which they hang down over
the pubis.

Abdominal (ab-dom/-in-al) [abdere, to hide]. Pertain-
ing to or connected with the alxlomen. A. Aneurysm.
Aneurysm. A. Aorta. See Artery. A. Apo-
neurosis. See Aponeurosis. A. Brain, the solar
plexus. A. Compress, a form of local pack, made
\ forming folds of a coarse linen towel of sufficient
breadth to reach from the ensiform cartilage to the
pubis; one of the folds is then wrung out of cold
water, applied, and the remainder is rolled around the
body so as to retain it in position. A. Ganglia.
Ganglia. A. Gestation. See Pregnancy, Extra-
uterine. A. Hysteria, an hysterical condition simulat-
ing peritonitis, in which the abdomen becomes extremely
painful to the touch, swollen, and distended with .
attended with temporary rise of temperature. A. Line,
linea alba. A. Muscles, the internal and external
obli |ues,the transvi 1 salis, rectus pyramidalis, and quad-
ratus lumborum. See .!/■< . Table of. A. Pore, a
name applied to the openings connecting the peritonea]

ABDi 'MINi ' AN I 1 Kb >R

18

Al;ii S

cavity of a few fishes with tin- urino genital clo
and employed in the outward transportation ol the
erative products. A. Press. .v> P

Abdominal Regions.

min ■' . A. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. A. Re-
gions. 3< Abdomen. A. Respiration, R. carried
en chiefly by the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.
A. Ribs, transverse ossifications (dermal?) of the
abdominal wall of crocodiles and certain other reptiles.
A. Ring, External, a triangular opening in the fibers
of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle trans-
mitting the spermatic cord of the male and the round
ligament of the female. A. Ring, Internal, an oval
aperture in the fascia transvi rsalis that transmits the
spermatic cord of the male and the round ligament of
the female. A. Scutella, the broad, belly scales of
serpents, so far as the anus. A. Section. See Celi-
r. A. Segments, the more or less evident trans-
divisions or somites of the abdomen in arthropods.
A. Typhus, Enteric Fever. A. Vertebrae, those
e in fishes, that give off ribs or processes arching
the visceral cavity.

Abdomino-anterior [ab-dom,-in-o-an-tef-re-or). Ila\
ing the belly forward (used of the fetus in utero).

Abdomino-genital (ab-dom/-in-o-jen/-it-al). Relating
be abdomen and the genitalia. A. Nerve, Inferior,
the ilioinguinal nerve. A. Nerve, Superior, the ilio-
hypogastric nerve.

Abdomino - hysterectomy [ab-dom' '-in-o-his-ler-eh' '-
Removal of the uterus through an abdominal
incision.

Abdomino - hysterotomy (ab-dom/-in-o-his-ter-ot/-o-
Hysterotomy through an abdominal incision.

Abdomino-posterior [ab-dom' -in-o-pos-te/ -re-or). Ha>
ing the belly toward the mother's back (used of the

Abdomino-scrotal [ab-domf •in-o-skrof -tal |. Relating
to > and the scrotum. A. Muscle, the

Abdomino-thoracic [ab-dom' -in-o-tho-rasf -ik). I'

latii i and thorax.

Abdomino - uterotomy [ab-dom' ' -in-o-u-ier-ot' '-o me).

my.
Abdomino-vesical '-ik-al). Relating

i"' iri nary bladder. A. Pouch, a

fold of the peritoneum in which are comprised the

urachal
Abdominoscopy [ab-dom [abdomen;

•nine]. Examination of the abdomen

for diagnostic purposes, b) inspection, palpation, meas-
urement, percussion, etc.

Abdominous [ab-dom' -in-us) [abdere, to hide]. Hav-
ing a large abdomen.

Abduce | [ab, away ; du , to lead]. To draw

away, as by an abductor musi

Abducens [ab-duf -sews) [L., "leading away"]. A
term applied to certain muscles, or then nerves, thai
diaw the related pan from the median line of the body.
Also, the M\th pair of nerves supplying the external
n i !i ..i the eye. A. oculi. See Muscles, Table of.

Abducent [ab-du' -sent). See Abducens.

Abduct [ab-dukf) [ab, from; ducere, to draw]. To draw.
or cause to move, awaj from the median line, whether
i>\ the bod) or of a limb.

Abduction [ab-duk* '-shun) [ab, from; ducere, to lead}.
I. The withdrawal of a part from the axis oi the body,
or oi a limb. 2 The recession or separation from 1
other of the parts oi a fractured bone. 3. A. of the
Eyes, the power of the external recti, measured by
the maximum ability to preserve singleness of the
image with prisms placed bases toward the nose. It 1-
commonly from i> to 8 . See, also Adduction.

Abductor [ab-duk' -tor). Same as Abducens, a. v. A.
Auris. See Muscles, Table

Abelmoschus [a-bel-mos'-kus) [Ar., 'a abb-el-mi
grain of musk]. A genus of malvaceous plants. A.
esculentus furnishes tin- esculent known as gumbo, or
okra. A. moschatus affords Ambrette, a. v., or musk
seed, formerly used in medicine. I'nof.

Abepithymia [ab-ep-e-thi' '-me-ah) [ab, from; kiriBvuta,
longing]. I. A perverted longing, or desire. 2. Pa-
ralysis of the solar plexus (the diaphragm formerly was
regarded as the seat of the soul [^17/60], and of the
di .sires I.

Abernethy's Operation. See Operations, Table of. A.
Sarcoma, a form of spindle-celled vascular sar-
coma.

Aberrant (ab-er'-ant) [ab, from; errare, to wander].
Deviating from the normal or regular type, in appear-
ance, structure, course, etc., e.g., the aberrant duct of
the testis or liver, aberrant arteries, etc.

Aberration 1 ab-er-a' -shun >m; errare,to wander].

Deviation from the normal ; mental derangement; fetal
malformation; vicarious menstruation; escape of the
fluids of the body by any unnatural channel. In optics,
any imperfection of localization or refraction of a lens.
A., Chromatic, the dispersion aiding from unequal
refraction of light of different parts of the spectrum. The
violel rays being more refrangible than the led rays, are
brought to a focus nearer the lens, and the image is sur-
rounded by a halo of colors. A., Mental, a degree of
paranoia that may or may not amount to insanity. A.,
Spherical, the cm ess of refraction of the peripheral
part of a convex lens over the central area, producing an
imperfect focus and a blurred image.

Abesamum [ab-esr -am-um) [I..]. Wheel-grease; fat
charged with iron; formerly used as a remedy.

Abevacuation [ab-e-vak-u-a'-shun) [ab, from; evacua-
tion^. 1. A morbid e\ acuation ; an excessive or deficient
discharge. 2. The passage of matter from one organ
Or ca\ ity into another ; metastasis.

Abeyance [ab-a'-am 1 [0.1 r., lor "open-mouthed ex-
pectation"]. A suspension of activity, or of function;
a stati of suspended animation, or anion.

Abi {ah* be). See Lucuma.

Abiaba [ah beah'-bah). See Lucuma.

Abicum [abf-ik-um) [ I..]. The thyroid cartilage. (I >bs.,
01 rare. )

Abiesu/' nus of coniferous plants, includ-

ing the fir, hemlock and spruce A. balsamea, Silver
Fir, balsam Fir, or I'.alm of < lilead, a tree of the nat.

ABIETENE

)<J

AB0R1 [CIDE

ord. Conifera, from which is derived the Terebintbina
Canadensis. A canadensis, Hemlock Spruce. Bark
of the Canadian Fir-tree. Used as an astringent in
various loi al and internal conditions \ ields Pix < ana-
densis. ./. excelsa, Norway Spruce. Yields Pix
Burgundica. ./. pectinata, the European Silver Fir.
Its buds arc resinous, balsamic, and sudorific. (Jnof.
A. Preparations, Ex tract um Abietis Canadensis
Liquidum (B. P.). Dose n\,xv— lx. Glycerinum Abietis
| B. P. |. 1 >ose 3 j -ij. Geddes's F luid-Extrai tof 1 [em
lock li.irk. I )ose it^v— x.

Abietene (a-bi' '-et-in), <-'7II|,;. A hydrocarbon, obtained
from the /'inns sabiniana, a Californian nut pine. It is
an aromatii .volatile liquid, agreeing in composition with
normal heptane It is extensively used as a popular
remedy; called, also, Erasene. (Jnof.

Abietic \ab-i-et'-ik\, Abietinic [ab-i-et-inf-ik) [Abies].
Pertaining to the genus - / ies, as Abietic Acid, ( ',,1 I, ,' c
or (.'.,„ 11 ;„' '.„ discovered by Maly in the resin oi Abies
excelsa and Larix europea.

Abietin {a-bi' -et-in) [Abies']. A resinous principle ob
tained from the turpentine of various species of pine
and tir. A. Anhydrid, CuH6204, the main con-
.--tituent of Resin, </. z

Abietis Resina {a-bi'-et-is res-i'-nah). The resin of
the tir or pine.

Abietite [ab'-i-et-tt), C6H8Os. A sugar resembling
mannite, found by Rochleder in the needles of the
European Silver Fir, Abies pectinata.

Abiogenesis {ab-i-o jen'-es-is) [a priv.; 0i6c, life, and
vests]. The (theoretical) production of living by
non-living matter. The older term was Spontaneous
tie iteration. Other synonyms of the word are Generatio
aquivoca, Generatio primaria, Arckigenesis, Arche-
biosis, etc. The theory has been supported by Pouchet,
Haeckel, Huxley, Bastian, and others. Those opposed
to the doctrine are called panspermias or heterogenists.
The dispute is one of the most fundamental in biology.

Abiological [ah-bi-o-lojf -ik-al) [a priv. ; fiioc, life;
Myog, treatise]. Not pertaining to biology.

Abirritant {ab-ir1 '-it-ant i [ab, from ; irritare, to irritate].
I. Tending to diminish irritation; soothing. 2. Re-
lating to diminished sensitiveness. 3. A remedy or
agent that allays irritation.

Abirritation {ab-ir-it-a'-shun) [ab, from; irritare. to
irritate]. Diminished tissue-irritability; atony or as-
thenia.

Abirritative {ab-ir' '-it-a-tiv) [ab, from ; irritare, to irri-
tate]. Due to, or characterized by, atony.

Abitus (ab'-it-us) [ab, from, away; ire, to go]. In
comparative anatomy, any one of the narrow canals
leading from a ciliated chamber to the excurrent
canal, as in the higher forms of sponges.

Abjoint {ab-joint') [ab/ungere, to separate]. Tn biology,
to separate by means of a joint or septum.

Abjunction {ab-jungk' '-shun)[see Abjoint]. Tn biology,
the separation by means of a joint or septum, as of
spores from a growing hypha in some fungi.

Ablactation {ab-lak-ta' '-shun) [ab, from; lactare, to
give suck]. 'The end of the suckling period. 'The
weaning of a child.

Ablastemic [ah-blas-tevt' '-ik) [n priv. ; i/nrrrr/ua, a
shoot]. In biology, non-germinal ; in no way related
to germination.

Ablastous {ah-blas' '-tus) [a Ifaurrog, not budding, ster-
ile]. In biology, producing no germs or buds.

Ablation {ab-laf -shun) [ablatio, removal] . Removal of
a part of the body, as a tumor, by amputation, exci-
sion, etc.

Ablatio retinae (ab-la'-she-o ret-in' -e). Detachment
of the retina.

Ablator (ab-la'-tor) [L., " remover "]. A cutting in-

strument used in the removal of pans (a name chieily
used in veterinary surgery).

Ablepharia [ah blef-ar* e-a/'i) [it priv.;
lid J. The ■ ondition of the absence of the

Ablepharon {ah-blef '-at on) [it priv.; YAi<paftov, the
eyelid]. ' 'ongenital ab the 1 yeli

Ablepharous {ah-blef -ar-u ) [d priv.; , the

eyelid | - I laving no eyelids.

Ablepsia [ah-bl ' . without sight].

1. Blindness. 2. Dulness of perception.

Ablepsy [ah-ble/Z-se). .-■ bsia.

Abloom {a-bloomf). In biology, the state of being in
blossom.

Abluent . to wash away]. I •

it. 'That which cleanses or washes away.

Ablution {ab-lu' -shun) [abluere, to wash away]. Wash-
ing or cleansing the bods. Separation of chemical
impurities by washing.

Abmortal {ab-mor' -tal) [ab, from; mors, death] . Pass
ing from dead or dying to living muscular liber fi
1 i electric cui rent-- 1 .

Abnerval {ab-ner/ -val) [ab. from; nervus, a sinew].
Passing from a nerve (used of electric currents in mus-
cular liber) .

Abnet {abf-net) [Hebr., a girdle]. A girdle, or girdle-
shaped bandage.

Abneural {ab-nu'-ral) [ab, from : ,nerve]. Per-

taining to a part remote from the neural or dorsal
aspect ; ventral.

Abnormal {tib-n ' tal) [ab, away from; norma, a
law]. Not normal ; not conformable with nature or
with the genera] rule. A. Pigmentation, any excess,
deficiency, or uncommon distribution of the natural pig-
ment cells in the rete mucosum. Sometime, caused arti
ticially either by mechanical means, such a- tattooing,
or by thereduction and deposition under the epidermis
of metallic salts administered as medicine. such as nitrate
of silver.

Abnormalism {ab-nor* '-mal-izm) [ab, away from ;
ma, a law]. 1. Abnormality. 2. An abnormal thing or
structure.

Abnormality {ab-nor-mal'-it-e) [ab, away from ; norma,
a law]. The quality of being abnormal; a deformity
or malformation.

Abnormity {ab-nor' -mit-e). Same as Abnormality.

Aboiement \ah-bwah-mong/) [Fr.]. Harking; the in-
voluntary utterance of barking sounds.

Abolition 1 ib-o-lish' ' -un)[abolitio]. Destruction; cessa-
tion ; suspension, as of a physiological function.

Abomasum (ab-, >- rna' -sunt) [a£,away; o/nasum, paunch].
In biology, the reed or proper digestive stomach of
ruminating mammals. It is pyriform, lined by smooth
mucous membrane, which secretes gastric juice. Also
called "fourth," or "true." stomach; dried, it is
called rennet and used for coagulating milk.

Aborad [ab-o'-rad) [ab, away from: os, mouth].
Away from the mouth; in an aboral situation or
direction.

Aboral (ab-o'-ral) [ab, away from; os, mouth]. Op-
posite to, or remote from, the mouth.

Aborally (ab-o'-rai-e) [ab, away from; os, mouth]. In
an aboral situation, direction, or manner.

Aborigines {ab-or-ij'-in-ez) [ab, from; origo {origin),
origin, beginning]. Primitive, autochthonous, native,
indigenous.

Abort {ab-orf) [abortare, to miscarry]. 1. To mis-
carry; to expel the fetus before it is viable. 2. To
prevent the full development, as of a disease. 3. To
come short of full development. 4. An abortion ; an
aborted fetus.

Aborticide {ab-or*' -tis-id) [abortus, a miscarriage; e,e-
dere, to kill]. 1. The killing of the unborn fetus

R I I« ll»Il M

20

VBSl I SS

2 m~ ni killing the fetus. 3. Causing the

destruction of a fetus.

AborticiJium km) [..• 1 miscar-

1 kill]. Means of killing a fetus.
Aborticnt 1 . miscarrying].

ibortifac >
Abortifacient . to

make]. 1 abortion. 2. A drug or agent

inducing of the fetus. Ergot, rue,

italis, are examples. Thej act by
causing uterine conti - and . iolic.

Abortion . a miscarriage]. The

mature expulsion of the ovum before the child is
viable, that ring any time before the end of the

sixth month. It ma) be produced bj various general
dis syphilis, the acute fevers, nephritis, most

. by traumatism, reflex influences,
emotional disturbances ; by the action oi various poisons,
-. rue. and savin; by diseased con-
ditions of the uterus and displacements of that organ ; or
|i\ of the fetus, its membranes, or the placenta.

The most important symptoms arc hemorrhage and
pain, with tiual expulsion of the uterine contents. In
the first two months of pregnancy the ovum is usually
i entire ; later the membranes and placenta are
ined after the fetus comes away, and must be re-
ady. By some authors expulsion of
the ovum during the first three months is abortion;
from this time to viability it is termed immature </. -
. and from the period of viability
dial of maturity, premature delivery. A., Arti-
ficial, that produced intentionally. A., Criminal,
when not demanded for therapeutic reasons. A.,
Embryonic, up to the fourth month. A., Exter-
nal Causes of, those acting from without, as vio-
lence, pressure, injections, etc. A., Fetal, taking
place subsequent to the fourth month. A., Habitual.
:ated A. in successive pregnancies. A.. Incom-
plete, when the membranes or placenta are retained.
A.. Inevitable, when the embryo or fetus is d
or when there is an extensive detachment or rupture of
the ovum. A., Internal Causes of, those due to
abnormal conditions or diseases of the mother. A.,
Missed, the death of the fetus and not followed within
two weeks by its expulsion. A., Ovular, that occur-
ring during the first three weeks after conception. A.,
Paternal and Maternal Causes of, thus, due to
diseases of the father or of the mother respectively. A.,
Spontaneous, that not induced by artificial means.
Abortionist (iib-n'- shun-ist) [abortus, a miscarriage].
line who criminally produces abortions; especially
one who follows the business of producing abortions.
Abortive ' ! [,//> rtus, a miscarriage]. Pre-

maturely born; coming to an untimely end ; incom-
d; cutting short the of a dis-

ease; abortifacient. A. Epilepsy. See Epilepsy.
Abortus ' .-.' [!-•]■ An aborted fetus; the fruit

of an abortion.
Aboulia ' le-ah). See Abulia.

Aboulomania , C n ah). See Abulomania.

Ab ovo [ab </-vd) ['■•]• 'n biology, from the egg;

from the beginning.
Abrachia [ah-bra/-he-a/i) [a priv. ; dpax't-wv, arm].
The condition of an armless monster. In biology,
without anterior limbs
Abrachiocephalia (ah-bra-ke-o-sef-a' '-le-ah) [d priv. :
. arm ; Absence ol bead and

arms from a fetus.
Abrachius [ah-bra'-ke-us). A monster without arms.

Abrade (a-brdii') [ to rub off]. To remove

by ! r dialing; to roughen by friction.

Abranchia {ah-brang'-ke-ah) \_a priv. ; Qp&) \ia, gills].
In biology, a name given to several different groups

of animals that have no i;ills.
Abrasio (.//'■ ' ['•■]• An abrasion. A. corneae,

native removal of the epithelium of the cornea

because ol dis< ased conditions.

Abrasion (ab-ra'-zhun) \ • ab, priv.; radere, to

rub]. Excoriation oi the cutaneous or mucous surface
bj mechanical means. In dentistry, the wearing away
of the dentine and enamel, or the cutting edges of
the teeth, whether b\ inei hanical or chemical means.

Abrasor (ab-ra'-zor) [I., "abrader"]. A surgeon's
rasp or xyster; any file or instrument used in the
surgical or dental abrasion of a surface; also, a rasp
used m pharmacy.

Abric Acid (af-brik as/-id). See /

Abrin [a'-brin). I. The chemical ferment or poisonous
principle of jequirity, erroneouslj supposed to be due
to a specific microbe. See Bacillus of jequirity oph-
thalmia in Table of Bacteria. -'. A vegetable albu-
minoid employed in the stud) of immunity.

Abroma [ah-brof -mah) [a priv.; . a stink]. A

genus of sterculiaceous trees. A. augusta, of s. Asia,
affords a milky juice, esteemed in dysmenorrhea. I'nof.

Abrotanum {ab-rot'-an-um) [afjpdrovov, an aromatic
plant]. The plant called Southern Wood, Artemisia
tanum. See Artemisia.

Abrupt (ab-ruptf) \_abruptus, broken oil]. In biology,
terminating suddenly; truncated.

Abruption [ab-rup '-shun) [abruptio, from ab, and rum-
/ re, to break]. I. A rupture or tearing asunder.
2. A transverse fracture.

Abrus (a'-brus) [d/3p<Sc, pretty]. Jequirity; Indian
Licorice. The seeds of A . precatorius, or Wild Licor
ice. Properties are thought to be due to the presi
of certain ferments. Nun sterilized infusions applied
to the conjunctiva or to any mucous surface induct
violent purulent inflammation with growth of false m< m
brane. It is used in producing artificial conjunctivitis.
A. Infusum : semina iij, aqua dest. ,^ss. Mai'
and add aq. ^ss. All unofficial. Abri Liquor,
strength 12 per cent. ; dilute with 3 to 5 times its
bulk of water and apply 2 drops daily. Abri Pasta,
1 in 4 ; used with caution in affections of the skin.

Abscess [ab'- a) [abscessus, a departure or separation
— of th' matter]. A pus-formation within some
cavity of the body, the result of localized inflammation.
According to location, al>Mc~s,- are named Dorsal,
Iliac, Mammary. Ischio-rectal, Peri-typhliti . Retro-
pharyngeal, ( 'rethral, etc. A., Alveolar, abscess in the
gum or alveolus. A, Atheromatous. See Endarter-
, Chronic. A. of Brain, due to local injury, or
to suppurative inflammation near or distant, such,
pecially, as disea • "I the ear. The symptoms are
those ot pressure, impaired function oi the part affected,
meningitis, headache, optic neuritis, etc. A., Bursal,
abscess in the bursse, the most frequent being in the
bursas patellae, commonly called Housemaid's Knee.
A., Canalicular, mammary absi ess that communicates
with a milk duct. A., Caseous, one that contains
cheesy materials. A.. Chronic, or Cold . one

of slow and apparentlj non-inflammatorj developmi nt,
usually about a bone, joint, or gland. A., Cold. See
./., Chronic. A., Congestive, the pus appears at a
point distant from where n i- formed. A , Constitu-
tional, due to -nine systemic disorder. A.. Critical,
occurring at some critical period oi an acute disease.
A., Embolic, formed in tin- i Lit ol an i mbolism. A.,
Fecal, one developing in the rectum or large intestine.
A., Gangrenous, one attended with death of adjao nt
parts. A., Lacunar, one in the lacunae of the urethra.
A., Metastatic. See Pyemia. A., Miliary. See

ABSCESSK IN

21

ABS I I: \<- I K )\

Pyemia. A , Milk, or A , Mammary, one in the
female breast. A., Multiple. See Py mia. A.,
Ossifluent. Si 'unit. A., Perforating, one

perforating tin- cornea, the" lung, or other containing
wall. A., Phlegmonous, an acute A. A., Point-
ing of, the point where tin- abscess tends to break
through its externa] confining wall. A., Psoas,
arising from disease of the lumbar, or lower do
vertebrae, the pus descending in the -heath of the psoas
muscle, and usually pointing beneath Poupart's liga-
ment. A., Pyemic. See Pyemia. A., Residual,
about the products of -nine old result of inflamma!
A. Root, the root of Polemonium Reptans. Alterative,
astringent and expectorant. Dose of ild. ex. 3 ss ij.
Unof. A., Shirt Stud, retro-mammary abs< 1 ss cucur-
rent with a subintegumentary abscess, the two sacs
communicating by means of a sinus. A., Stercora-
ceous. See A ,1 ' I. A., Symptomatic,
indicative of some other affection. A., Thecal, in the
sheath- of tendon-. A., Tropical, acute hepatitis
terminating in suppuration and abscess formation. A.,
Tubercular. Same as A., Co.' J.

Abscession (absesh'-nii) [abscessio, 'departure] . 1. An
.abscess; a critical discharge. 2. Metastasis.

Abscissae [absis'se) \_<i/>, away; scindere, to cut].
The transverse lines cutting vertical ones at riijht
angles, to show by a diagram the relations of two
series of facts, as, e. 'r., the number of pulse-beats, or
the temperature record in given periods of time.

Abscission (absish'-un) [ab, from; scindere, to cut].
Removal of a part, a- the prepuce, or a fractured bone,
by cutting. Applied particularly to a surgical opera-
tion upon a staphylomatous cornea, in which the
bulging portion is excised, the parts brought together
so that the posterior and chief part of the globe forms
a "stump'" for an artificial .eye. In biology, a term
applied to that mode of detachment of spores in fungi
which consists in the disorganization of the zone con-
necting the spores with the hypha.

Absconsio {abskon'se-o) [abscon.L're, to hide]. A
sinus or cavity whether normal or pathological.

Absence (of mind) (ab'sens) [absentia, absence].
Inattention to surroundings; in marked instances it
may be a result of central lesions. It is often seen in
epileptics and melancholiacs.

Absentia epileptica {ab-sen' 'she-ah ep-il-ep'-tik-ah).
Brief losses of consciousness occurring in the mild
form of epilepsy.

Absinthe (ab'sinth or absanf). See Absinthium.

Absinthin [ab-sin' '-thin) [absinthium]. A bitter and
crvstalline principle obtainable from wormwood. See
Absinthium.

Absinthism {absinth' '-izm). A disease similar toalco-
holism, thi' result of the excessive use of absinthe. It
is characterized by general muscular debility and men-
tal disturbances, which may proceed to convulsi
acute mania, general softening of the brain, or general
paralysis.

Absinthium {absinth' -e-um) [L.]. Wormwood. The
leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium. Contains a
volatile oil and an intensely bitter principle, Absint kin,
' \i' '■><'». which is a narcotic poison. A. increases
cardiac action, produces tremor and epileptiform con-
vulsions. Dose gr. xx-xl, in infusion. Used as a
stomachic tonic. Absinthe, a French liquor, is an
alcoholic solution of the oil exhibited with oils of
anise, marjoram, and other aromatic oils.

Absinthol {absinth' -ol), C10Hlg< >. The principal con-
stituent of oil of wormwood ; it is isomeric with ordin-
ary camphor.

Absolute Alcohol (ab'so-lut alJ '-ho-hol) . See Alcohol.

Absorb [absorb'') tab. from; sorbere, to suck up]. In

physiology, to suck up or imbibe, as the imbibition

performed by the lacteal- in tin- body.

Absorbent {absor'-b >r \ [a . to suck in]. In

physiology, an organ or part that absorbs, withdraws,
or takes up. A term applied to the Lad
I mphatic , q. v. I a materia medii a. a drug or medi-
cine that produces absorption or exudation of
diseased tissue. In surgery, a substance that
mechanically takes up < t. Cotton,

A. Spon A. Glands. See Lymphatics. A.

System, the lacteals and lymphatic-, with their
>ociated glands.

Absorptiometer ( absorp-te-omf-et-er 1 [al

in ter\. A device for measuring the thickness of the
layer of liquid that i- taken up between two glass
plates by capillary attraction. Used in conjunction
with a spectro-photometer, itserves a- a hema

Absorption {absorp' shun) [ -uck in].

The permeation or imbibition of one body by another.
The process whereby nourishment, medii ines, morbid
products of ti.--ue metamorphosis, etc., are taken up by
the lymphatic and venous systems. In ophthalmology
the process by which the lens i- disintegrated and
carried oil after the capsule lias been ruptured. A.
Lines or Bands, the lines of the spectrum, called
hraunhofer's line, ; they are dark lini I by the

arrestation or absorption of the ethereal waves of
certain lengths and rapidities, mainly by vapor- of the
sun's atmosphere. A. of Composition, or External
Absorption, the taking up of material by the -kin or
mucous surfaces. A., Cutaneous, absorption by the
skin. A., Disjunctive, the removal of living tissue
around a necrosed mass, and its consequent separation
from its surroundings. A., Interstitial, the removal
by the absorbent system of effete matter-. A. Method,
to determine whether or not hematuria i- due to lesion of
the bladder. It i- based on the fact that the undenuded
surface of the bladder will not absorb foreign sub-
stances, fifteen grains of potassium iodid are inje
into the bladder, and fifteen minutes later the saliva i-
examined for iodin. If found, it is an indication of
an unhealthy state of the bladder. A., Progressive,
atrophy of a part due to pressure. A., Pulmonary,
the taking up of oxygen, or of vapors (as of ether),
by the lungs. A., Venous, absorption by the vein-.

Absorptive (absorp' '-tiv) [absorbere, to suck in].
Having the power or function of absorbing.

Absorptivity {absorp-tii/ -i-te) [absorb r , to suck in].
The power or quality of being absorbent.

Abstemiousness '-me-us-nes) [abs, from ; tethe-

tum, wine]. Ab.-tinence from wine. Temperance
or moderation in matters of diet

Abstention {absten'sh mi) [abstentio, retention]. An
act of abstinence, or of abstaining ; retention ; consti-
pation.

Abstergent (ab-st r'-jnit) [abs, from; tergere, to
cleanse]. Cleansing S I nt.

Abstersive {ab- /://]. Abstergent.

Abstinence {ab'stin-ens) [abs, from ; , to hold or

keep]. Privation or .-elf-denial in regard to f
liquors, etc. See Fastin

Abstract {ab'strakt) [n . to draw away;

stractum; . tracti : pi., Abstracta~\. In phar-

macy, a solid preparation in which two parts of the
drug are represented by one part of the abstract
(which is compounded with milk-sugar). Ab-
stracts are double the strength of fluid extracts.
They are permanent, but should be kept in a cool
place.

Abstraction {abstrak' shun) [abstractio, a drawing
away]. Blood-letting. Also, attention to one i
to the exclu-ion of others. Generalization or classi-

ABS1 RACT1 1'1'H S

A< AX I Hol'LlA IS

fication of the qualities common to the individuals of
a group. In pharmacy, the process of distillation.

Abstractitious {ab-strak .. \c xhere, to draw

away]. Susceptible of being abstracted without
change from another substance; derived or* derivable
by abstraction.

Abstractum [ab-strak' -turn) [//., Abstracta], An
abstract

Abstriction {ab-strik' -shun) [<//-, from; stringere, to
Mini]. Spore formation in lower cryptogams charac
terized by decided constriction of tin- walls at tin- place
of division.

Absus us) [L.J. The plant Cassia abstts ol India

and Egypt. It- seeds an- locally employed in the
Ltment of ophthalmia, ami air regarded as depura-
tive. Unof.

Abterminal in-al) [ab, from; terminus, end].

Passing from tendinous into muscular tissue (used of
electric currents

Abulia {ah-bu [d priv.; pm//,, will]. Loss or

!Ct of will power.

Abulic {ah-bu* -lilt). Characterized by or affected with
abulia; of defective will-power.

Abulomania {ah-bu-lo-rna'-ne-ah) [d priv.; fior'/r,,
will; uavia, madness]. A disease of the mind charac-
terized by imperfect or lost will-power.

Abumbrella {ab-um-brel' -ah) \_ab, from; umbrella, the
di-c of acalephs]. In biology, a term applied to
the surface of the velum, it being turned away from
the disc, in medusae. < Opposite of Adumbrella.

Abuta {ah-boo' -taK) [I-.]. A genus of menispermaceous
plants. A. amara, affords false pareira brava, and
./. rufescens is the so-called white pareira brava.
Both are S. American. Unof.

Abutilon (a-bu'-til-on) [L.]. A genus of malvaceous
plants. A. avicenntz, common in the U. S. (velvet-
leaf Indian mallow | ; is demulcent, and is a safe remedy
fi r diarrhea. Unof.

Abvacuation {ab-vak-u-a'-shun). Same as Abevacua-
tion, q. v.

Abysmal {ah-biz'-mal) \abyssus, abysm]. Fathom-
Pertaining to great depths in the ocean. See
ssal.

Abyssal {ah-bis'-al) [aflvaooq, without bottom]. In
biology, ]' t rs to plants and animals inhabiting the
depths of the ocean between loo and IOOO fathoms.
A. Theory of Light, an hypothesis assuming the im-
portance of phosphorescence and of luminous organs in
fishes and other animals in depths of the ocean where
no sunlight penetrates.

Acacia i ah-ka'-she-ak) [L. ; Gr., (mania]. I. A large
genus of leguminous tree , shrubs, and herbs, many of
them Australian or African. Many of the species are
medicinal, and some are poisonous. The bark is usually
verv astringent, (nun arabic is produced by various
either African or Asiatic. 2. A.
anthelmintica. Mussanin. A. catechu.

' ■/. A. lebbek, A. nilotica, A. I
and A. verek, are among the species that furnish
gum arabic. 3. Gum Arabic. A nearly white trans-
parent gum exuding from Acacia Senegal. Soluble in
water. Used in the manufacture of mucilage. Contains
. Irabin, I .1 1 , ,' >,, . identical in composition with cane-
sugar. A., Mucilage, acacia 34, water 100 parts;
ompatible with alcoholic tinctures. A., Syrup,
mucilage 25, syrup, simp. 75. Used in various
mixtures as a demulcent and to suspend insoluble
powi

Acajou ('//

Acaleph {ak'-al-ef) [iimi/ fjfrj, a nettle, a sea-nettle].
In biology, one of the acalephie, or sea-nettles ; a
medusa, a sea-blubber.

Acalephoid {ak-al-ef-oid) [wm;>/,u//, a nettle, a sea
nettle]. Resembling an acaleph.

Acalycal {ah-kal' '-ik-al) [<i priv.; ro&vf, calyx]. In
biology, used to describe stamens inserted upon the
ptacle, not adherent to the calyx.

Acalycine {ah-kal' -is-in) [a priv. ; mi/ /-, calyx]. In
biology, lacking a calyx, acalycinous,

Acalyculate {ah-kal-ik'-u-lSt 1 [n priv. ; caly cuius, a
calycle]. In biology, having no calycle, or accessory
calyx.

Acalypha {ah-kal' '-if-ah) [anaXvyfje, unveiled]. A
genus of euphorbiaceous plants. A., Ext., Liq.
1 >ose n\ x-~j. A. fruticosa, of India, is useful in
dyspepsia and diarrhea, and is tonic and alterant. A.
hispida has similar uses ./. indica, a euphorbia-
ceous plant, common in India. The leaves are expec-
torant, emetic, laxative. A. Succus. I lose for an
infant !jj. Unof. A. virginica, of North America,
is diuretic and expectorant.

Acamathesia {ak-am-ath-e' -ze-ali) \aiutu60qcu;']. Same
as Akatatnathesia.

Acamathesis {ak-am-ath-e'-sis) \aKapa8riaic~\. Same as
Akatamathesia.

Acampsia {ah-kamp'-se-ah) [<i priv.; K&fiirreiv, to
bend]. Inflexibility of a limb.

Acanaceous {ak-an-a' -se-us) [d/iavoc, a prickly shrub].
In biology, beset with prickles, as the edges of some
leaves.

Acantha {ak-an'-thah) [anavfla, a thorn]. In botany,
a thorn or prickle ; in zoology, a spine or fin ray ; in
anatomy, a vertebral process.

Acanthaesthesia {ak-anth-es-the'-ze-ah). See Akan-
thesthesia .

Acanthia lectularia {ak-an' -the-ah lek-chu-la'-re-ah)
[L.]. The common bedbug.

Acanthial {ak-an' -the-al) \incavdiov, a little thorn].
Pertaining to the acanthion.

Acanthichthyosis {ak-anth-ik-the-o' -sis) [anavduw, a
little thorn; Jjftcc. a fish]. Ichthyosis spinosa, </. v.

Acanthion {ak-an' -the-on) \anavdujw, a little thorn].
See Craniometrical Points.

Acanthocarpous (ak-anth-o-kar'-pus) [bxavda, a thorn;
Ka()77or, fruit]. In biology, spiny-fruited.

Acanthocephala {ak-an-tho-sef -al-ah) [duavda, spine;
Kt6a'/i'i. head] . An order of parasitic worms, character
ized by a thorny armature of the head and proboscis.
They are generally grouped in one genus, Echinor-
rhynchys. They infest pigs, birds, and fishes, and in
their larval stage live in crustacean-.

Acanthocephalous {ak-anth-o-sef '-al-us) \amvda, a
spine; khwi?//, head]. In biology, spiny-headed.

Acanthocladous {ak-anth-ok' -lad-us) [d/eav0a, a spine ;
kK&Soq, a branch]. In biology, possessing spiny
branches.

Acanthoid {ak-an' -thoid) [huavda, a spine]. Resem-
bling a spine, or spicula ; spinous.

Acanthological {ak-anth-o-loj' -ik-al) [aitavBa, a spine;
"kbyeiv, to speak]. In biology, pertaining to the knowl-
edge of spines.

Acantholysis {ak-an-thol'-is-is) [ o/cai 0a, prickle ; Tiimu ,
a loosening, a wasting]. Any skin disease in which
there is an atrophy of the prickle-layer. A. Bullosa.
See I '//clysis.

Acanthoma {ak-anth-o' -niali) [bxavda, a spine: //.,
inth</mata~\. A localized excessive growth in any
part of the prickle-cell layer of the si

Acanthomastic {ak-anth-o-mas' -tik) [aiaivda, a spine;
aaarixn, mastic]. A gum produced by Atractylis
gun . a plant of the Mediterranean region;

valued in the 1 Iriental countri. I nof.

Acanthopelvis {ah-anth-o-f- \i/Kav6a, thorn;

m"/.vc, pelvis]. Same as Aeanthopelys.

A< \.\ I IK IPELYS

23

A< CENTUATION

Acanthopelys [ak-anth-op' '-el-is) [aicavda, thorn ; -i'/\r,
pelvis]. A pelvis that is encroached upon by exostoses.

Acanthophorous [ak-anth-ojjP-or-u | [dxavfoz, a spine ;
Aipeiv, to bear]. In biology, bearing or producing
spines or thorns.

Acanthopod [ak-anth' '-o-pod\ [anavOa, a spine; iroiig,
foot!. In biology, an animal with spiny feet, or
spine-like claws.

Acanthopterous [ak-anth-op1 '-ter-us) [anavda, a spine;
irrtpov, a wing]. In biology, having spiny wings or
fins.

Acanthosis (ak-an/h-o'-sis) [anavda, thorn] . Any skin
disease marked by abnormalities in the prickle-cell
layer. A. Nigricans, a general pigmentation of
the skin, with papillary, mole-like growths; a rare
conditii in.

Acanthus [ak-anth' -us) [aKavdoc, a spine]. A genus
of European herbs. ./. mollis and A. spinosa were
formerly much esteemed as vulnerary, antidysenteric
and antihectic remedies ; they are demulcent and
mucilaginous. Unof.

Acapsular [ah-kap ' -su-lar) [a priv. ; capsula, a small
box or capsule]. In biology, destitute of a capsule.

Acardia [ah-kar^-de-ah) \_a priv.; aapdia, heart]. A
monstrosity without heart, developed simultaneously
with a normal fetus.

Acardiac [ah-kar'-de-ak] [a priv. ; napdla, heart]. I.
Having no heart. 2. A fetus with no heart. See
Acardiacus.

Acardiacus [ah-kar-di'-ak-us) [a. priv.; napdia, heart].
See Acardiac. A synonym, employed mainly by the
German writers, for omphalosite. The term was
adopted because of the frequent absence of the heart
in this condition. A. Acormus. See Asomala. A.
Anceps. Same as Paracephalus, q. v.

Acardiohemia, or Acardiohaemia [ah-kar-de-o-kef -
me-ah) [a priv.; napdia, heart; atita, blood]. Lack
of blood in the heart.

Acardionervia [ah-kar-de-o-ner,-ve-ah) [a priv.; napdia,
heart; nervus, a sinew]. Diminished nervous action
or nerve-stimulus in the heart.

Acardiotrophia {ah-kar-de-o-trc/ -fe-ah) [*/ priv.; napdia,
heart; rpcxpi/, nutrition]. Atrophy of the heart.

Acarian [ah-ka' '-re-an) [atcapi/g, small, tiny]. Of or
pertaining to the acarids or mites.

Acariasis [ak-ar-i'-as-is) [a priv. ; xapeiv, to cut]. See
Mange.

Acaricidal [ak-ar-is-V-dal) [anapi/g, small, tiny ; ccedere,
to kill]. Destructive of acarids, or mites.

Acaricide [ak-ar'-is-id) [dfcap^c, small, tiny ; ccedere, to
kill]. An agent that destroys acarids.

Acarid, Acaridan yak'-ar-id, ak-ar'-id-an) [anapqc,
small, tiny]. Pertaining to Acarus.

Acarina [ak-ar-i' '-naA) [L.]. An order of insects (mites)
with stout bodies, having the unjointed abdomen con-
solidated with the head and thorax, with biting, suck-
ing, or puncturing mouth-organs, breathing mostly by
means of trachea;.

Acarinosis [ak-ar-in-o' 'sis) [acarus, a mite]. Any
disease, as the itch, produced by a mite, or acarid.

Acarodermatitis [ak-ar-o-der-mat-i' -tis) [acarus, a
mite; dermatitis'],. Dermatitis dependent upon or
caused by acari, or mites.

Acaroid [akf-ar-oid) [Acarus, a mite]. Mite-like. A.
Gum, Botany Hay Gum; Resina lutea. An aromatic
resin used in Australia as a remedy for gastric troubles,
intestinal catarrhs, diarrheas, etc. Dose grs. viij-xvj,
in alcoholic solution. Unof. A. Resin, Black Boy
Gum. The resin of various species of Xanthorrhea,
q. v. Benzoic acid is prepared from it, and it is said
to have the properties of storax, and balsam of
Peru.

Acarotoxic [ak-ar-o-toks' -ik) [acarus, a mite ; to£lk6v,
a poison]. Poisonous, or destrui tive, to acari.

Acarpae [a-Aat^-pl) [a priv.; KO/cwr<5c, fruit]. A name
proposed lor a f^roiip of skin diseases in which there
are no papules, tubercles, or elevated points.

Acarpous [ak-ai^-pus) [a priv.; mpirSq, fruit]. Hav-
ingnoeleval it nodular. In biology, producing

no fruit; sterile, barren.

Acarus [ak'-ar-us) [a priv. ; xeipeiv, to cut (because so
small) : pi, Acari], The mite, or tick, a parasite of
man and animals. A. autumnalis the harvest-bug,
now (ailed Leptui autumnalis. A. folliculorum.
Steatozoon. A. scabiei. See Scabies.

Acatalepsy [ah-kaf '-al-ep-se) [a priv. ; KaraXa/i/3ai
to understand] . 1. 1 ocertainty in diagnosis. 2. Mental
impairment : dementia.

Acataleptic [ah-kat-al-ep* '-tik) [a priv.; m.Ta'Xap.fta.vziv,
to understand]. Uncertain; doubtful (used of a
prognosis or a diagnosis of a disease).

Acatamathesia [ah-kat-am-ath-e/-ze-aJi) [a priv.;
KaTauaOt/oig, understanding]. I. Inability to under-
stand conversation, due to mental disorder. 2. A
morbid blunting of the perceptions ; as in psychical
deafness, or psychical blindne--.

Acataphasia [ah-kat-af-a' '-ze-ah) [a priv. ; Kara, after;
qaoic, utterance]. A disorder in the syntactical
arrangement of uttered speech, due to some central
lesion.

Acataposis [ah-kat-apf -o-sis) [a priv. ; Kara, down ;
ttooic, a drinking, a swallowing]. A difficulty in swal-
lowing ; dysphagia.

Acatastasia [ah- kat-as-ta1 '-ze-ah) [anaraoTaGia'] . Ab-
sence of regularity, or of fixed character, in the course
of a disease, or in the nature of an excretion.

Acatastatic [ah-kat-as-tat'-ik). Marked or character-
ized by acatastasia; irregular; not of definite type.

Acatharsia [ah-kath-ar' -se-ah) [anaQapcia, uncleansed
state]. Impurity; foulness; need of purgation, or
cleansing.

Acaudal [ah-kaw' '-dal) [d priv. ; cauda, a tail].
Acaudate, ecaudate, tailless, anurous.

Acaudate (ah-karo'-ddl). Same as Acaudal.

Acaules [ah-kaw' -lez) [h priv. ; caulis, a stem].
Plants which, as in the case of lichens, algae, etc., lack
a stalk, or have it but very indistinctly developed.

Acaulescence [ah-haw-ies'-ens) [a priv.; caulis,
a stalk]. In biology, plants wherein the growth of
the main stem is arrested. Also Acaulosia.

Acaulescent [ah-kaw-les'-ent) [a priv. ; caulis, a ,
stalk]. In botany, stemless.

Acaulosia [ah-kaw-lo' '-se-ah) [a priv. ; caulis, a stalk].
See Acaulescence.

Accelerans Nerve [ak-seV '-er-ans) [L.]. A nerve from
the accelerans center in the medulla to the heart, inter-
mediating acceleration of its rhythm.

Acceleration [ak-sel-er-a' -shun) [accele ratio]. Quick-
ening, as of the pulse, or of the respiratory function.
In biology, the term applied to change of structure
during growth brought about by the addition of parts,
either by •• homotopy" or by " heterotopy."

Accelerative Epilepsy [ak-sel' '-er-a-tiv ep'-il-ep-se).
See Epilepsy.

Accelerator Urinae [ak-seV -er-a-tor u-ri'-ne) [L.]. A
muscle of the penis whose function is to expel the last
drops in urination, to expel the semen, and to assist
erection. The sphincter vaginae is its analogue in the
female. See Muscles, fable of .

Accentuation [ak-sen-tu-a' '-shun) [accentuare]. A
term applied to the heart sounds, generally the second,
when they are louder, because of an increased blood-
tension in the vessels, giving rise to a forcible elastic
recoil of the latter with abrupt closure of the valves.

AO I SS

24

A( CUMBEN1

Access [ak'-sei) [<>< . ch]. i. An attack

ol a disease. -. l'he return of a fit, or paroxysm.
3. Cohabitation.

Accessiflexor [ai-ses-e-JL <cor\.

An \or muscle.

Accession mi 1 [a

Tin- assault, beginning, or onset of a disease, or
of a stage of tin- same; applied especially to a recur-
rence ot periodica] diseas

Accessive 1 Marked or charac-

terized by -harp and sudden ms or paroxysms.

Accessorium , [\-~\- An accessory

part ; an adjunct, or appendaj

Accessory if) [aceessorius\ .

A term applied to certain glands, muscles, ducts,
tune-, art .. that are often inconstant, but

always auxiliary in function, course, etc., to the prin-
cipal. Certain small muscles, as the lumbricales, are
regarded as accessory to more important muscles. In
bii mething additional; as an accessory bud,

fruit, or plume. A. Buds, in botany, buds that are
developed by the side of, or above, the normal axillary
bud. A. Fruits, in botany, those fruits a considerable
portion of whose substance is distinct from the seed-
mil formed of the accrescent and succulent
>\. or torus, or receptacle, bracts, etc. A. Gland
of Rosenmuller. See Gland. A. Gland of the
Pancreas, Brunner's Glands, </. v. A. of the
Parotid, the Socio Parotidis, </. v. A. Valves, in
zoology, small additional valves which occur in certain
form.-, as the accessory valves placed near the umb
of the genus Pholas among the Mollu

Accident [akf -se-deni) [accedere, to occur]. 1. In
d medicine, an event occurring to an individual
without his expectation, and without the possibility of
hi- preventing it at the moment of its occurrence. 2.
An intercurrent or complicating symptom or event,
not to be looked for in the regular progression of an
attack of disease.

Accidental [ak-se-dent'-al) [acrid ntalis~\. I. Due to,
or caused by. an accident. 2. Intercurrent; having
no essential connection with other conditions or symp-
tom-. A. Hemorrhage. See Hemorrhage.

Accidentalism [ak-se-denf '-al-isni) [accidentalism. That
theory of medicine that ignores pathology and eti-
ology, and attends only to the symptoms or accidental
features of disease.

Accidentalist (ak-se-denf -al-ist ) [accidentalis\ One
who advocate^ or follows accidentalism.

Accipiter {cik-sip* -it-er) [L., a "hawk"]. A facial
bandage with tails radiating like the claws of a
ha '.'.

Acclimate [ak-kW '-mat) [ad, to; clima, a climate].
To accustom to a new or untried climate.

Acclimatation ah-Ali-mat^ -shun), or

Acclimation {ak-lim-af -shun) . See Acclimatization.

Acclimatization [ak-kli-mat-iz-a'-shun) [ad, to; clima,
climate]. The process of becoming accustomed to
th>- 1 tin I, water, etc., of a country to which a

plant, animal, person, or a people has removed.

Acclimatize (ak-kli'-mat-lz) [ad, to ; clima, climate].

Acclivis [ak-kli'-vi 1 [I... "-loping"]. The Obliquus
internm muscle of the abdomen.

Accommodation •■■■ >m-o-da/-shun) [accommodare,
to adjust]. Adaptation or adjustment. Adapt
of the fetus to the uterus ami birth-canal. A.,
Absolute, the accommodation of either eye -epa-
rately. A., Anomalies of, departures from the

irmal in the action of the mechanism ot accom
dation. A., Histological, ti
in the morphology and function of cell- following

changed conditions. A., Negative, the eye passive
or at rest. A. of the Eye, that function of the
ciliary muscle and lens whereby objects at different
distances are clearly seen. It depends upon the inhe-
rent elasticity of the lens, which when the ciliary
muscle ol an emmetropii eye 1- at rest is adapted to
the proper localization ..l' parallel rays of light, or of

such rays a- proceed from an infinite distance, ..i t 1

the horizon of the observer. Objects nearer, to be
. learly se< n, require a greater refracting power on the
part of the eye because tin rays from such objects ate
moil' divergent. This additional refracting power is
gained by an increased antero-posterior diameter of

the lens, L, [illustration annexed) brought about by
the contraction of the ciliary muscle, .)/, which occa-
sions a loosening of the suspensory ligament and a
thickening of the lens by its own elasticity. A., Paraly-
sis of, paralysis of the ciliary muscle. A., Phos-
phenes, the peripheral light streak seen in the dark
after the act of accommodation. A., Range of, the
distance between the Punctum proximum, or nearest
of distinct vision, and the Punctum remotissimum, or
the most distant point. A. Theory, a theory that
ascribes the production of myopia to a distention of
the posterior portion ol the sclera from the increased
intra-ocular pressure dependent upon frecmently re-
peated accommodation of the eyes.

Accompaniment (of the < ataract ){a-kumf-pan-e-ment).
An old name for secondary or recurrent capsular
cataract ; opacity of the capsule following an opera-
tion for cataract.

Accouchee [ak-koo-shay) [Ft., a, to; couche, a bed],
A woman delivered of a child.

Accouchement (ak-koosh-mong) [ad, to; couche, bed].
The French term for labor, or delivery of a child.
The act of childbirth. A. Force, rapid and forcible
delivery with the hand during severe hemorrhage

Accoucheur [ak-koo-shur) [Fr.]. -V man-midwife.

Accoucheuse {ak-koo-skuz) [Fr.]. A midwife.

Accrementitial [ak-re-men-tish' '-at) [accrescere, to in-
crease]. In biology, of or pertaining to the proi . -^
of accrementition.

Accrementition (ak-re-men-lisk'-un) [<rd, to; cres
to grow]. A growth in which increase take-]
by interstitial development from blastema, and also by
reproduction of cells by fission. The production or
developmenl of a new individual by the separation of
a part of tli. parent ; gi tnmation.

Accrescent '-ent) [a . to grow]. In

biology, refer- to those parts connected with the flower
which increase in size after flowering, a- frequently
occurs with the calyx, involucre, etc.

Accrete [ak-rif) [accretus; accrescere, to increase,
grow]. In biology, grown together.

Accretion (ak-re/ -shun) [ad, to; crescere, to increase].
A term the in. inner by which crystalline and

certain organic forms increase their material substance.
Al-o, the adherence.. I parts that are normally sepa-

Accumbent {ak-um' -bent) [ad, to; cumbere, to lie
down]. In biology, lying against a thing. Cotyledons

ACCUMULATE »R

25

A< ESl EN( 1.

are accumbent when the edges of their applied faces
lie against the radii de.

Accumulator {ak-u' '-mu-la-t umulare, to heap

up]. An apparatus tostore electricity.

A. C. E. Mixture. An anesthetic mixture composed
of alcohol i part, chloroform 2 parts, ether 3 parts.
See Anesthetic.

Acedia (ah-se'-de-ah) \aia)8ia\. A certain form of
melancholia.

Acelius {ah-ser -le-us) [d priv. ; Koikia, the belly].
\\ ithout a belly ; applied to those extremely emaciated.

Acelomatous (ah-sel-o1 '-mat-us) [d priv. ; icoiXufii .
hollow]. In biology, destitute of a perivisceral
cavity or ccelum.

Acelomi {ahse* -lo-mi} [d priv.; KoiXia, the belly]. In
biology, worms destitute of a perivisceral cavity, as
tape worms.

Acelomous {ah-se'-lo-mus). See Acelomatous.

Acelous (ah-se'-lus) [dpriv.; tcolXog, hollow]. Without
intestines ; anenterous.

Acenaphthene (as-en-af'-thlri) \aceticus ; naphtha-
lene], Cj2HI0. A hydrocarbon that occurs in coal tar,
and separates on cooling from the fraction boiling at
260— 2800 C. It crystallizes from hot alcohol in long
needles melting at 950 C. and boiling at 2770 C.

Acentric (ak-sen'-trik) [d priv. ; nivrpov, center]. Not
centric; not originating in, or pertaining to, a nerve-
center ; peripheric.

Aceognosia {as-e-og-no/ -se-ah) [d/coc, a remedy; yvuoic,
knowledge]. A knowledge of remedies.

Aceology (as-e-ol'-o-je) [d/coc, cweeoc, a remedy; /dvoo, a
discourse]. Therapeutics; medical and surgical treat-
ment of disease ; acology.

Acephalan (ah-sef' '-al-an) \JiKt6aKoq. headless]. An
acephal, one of the acephala, or pertaining to such.
A lamellibranchiate mollusc.

Acephalemia, or Acephalhemia (ak-sefal-e'-me-ah) [d
priv.; Kcon'/i/, head; aiiia, blood]. Deficiency of
blood in the head.

Acephalia [ah-sef-af -le-afi) [d priv.; «e0a/l?/, head].
In teratology, the absence of the head.

Acephalism (ah-sef'-al-izni) [d priv.; K£<paAr'/, head].
See Acephalia.

Acephalobrachia (ah-sef-al-o-bra'-ke-ah) [d priv. ;
Kn:«i7i], head; .3pa\iuv, arm]. In teratology, absence
of the head and arms.

Acephalobrachius {ah-sef-al-o-braf -ke-us) [d ; Ksoa/i/;
(ipaxiuv']. A monster with neither head nor arms.

Acephalocardia (ah-sef-al-o-kar/-de-ah\ [d priv. ;
Ke(pa?//, head ; napdia, heart]. Absence of the head
and heart.

Acephalocardius (ah-sef-al-o-kar'-dc-its) [d ; Ketyahrj ;
Kap(Via\ . A monster with neither head nor heart.

Acephalochiria (ah-sef-al-o-ki' '-re-alt) [d priv.; KecpaAy,
head ; Xell'> hand] . Absence of the head and
hands.

Acephalochirus (ah-sef f -al-o-ki' -rus) [See Acephalo-
chiria'}. A monster with neither head nor hands.

Acephalocyst (ah-sef ' -al-o-sist) [d priv.; neon?.//, head ;
Kior/r, a bladder]. The bladder- worm. A headless,
sterile hydatid, found in the liver and other organs.
A. racemosa, the hydatid mole of the uterus.

Acephalogaster {ah-sef al-o-gas' -ter) [d«foa/ df, head-
less ; yno~>jp, belly]. A monster with neither head
nor stomach.

Acephalogasteria {ah-sef-al-o-gas-te' -re-aK) . Absence
of the head and stomach. See Acephalogaster.

Acephalophoran (ah-sef-al-ofP -o-ran) [d priv.; KFt>a7Ji,
head; ipepeiv, to bear]. In biology, a member of
DeBlainville's group of molluscs, Acephalophora.

Acephalopodia (ah-sef-al-o-po'-de-ah) [d priv. ; Ke<pa7J],
head ; tvovq, foot] . Absence of the head and feet.

Acephalopodius {ah-sef-al-o-po' '-de-us) . A monster
with neither head nor feet. See A phalo Ha.

Acephalorrhachia (ah-sefal-o-ra' '-ke-ah) [d priv.;
>> •>/',, head; i"'\'r, spine]. Absence of the head
and vertebral column.

Acephalostomia (ah-sef-al-o-sto'-nie-ah) [d priv. ;
■//,, head ; ardfia, mouth]. Absent e of the head,
with a mouth-like opening on the superior aspect.

Acephalostomus {ah-sef al-os' -to-mus) [d priv.; kkju'/i/ ;
rrr<»(/<;]. A monster with no head, but with a mouth-
like aperture. See Acephalostomia.

Acephalothoracia {ah-sefal-o-tho-ra' -se-aK) [d priv.;
■>/,. head; dapalj, chest]. Absence of the b
and thorax.

Acephalothorus {ak-sefal-o-tho'-rus). A monster
without head or thorax. See Acephalothora

Acephalous {ah-sej v-al-us) [d/ce0a^df, headless]. Head-
less.

Acephalus {ah-sef ' -al-us) [d priv. ; wetyakii, head]. 1.
A species of omphalositic monsters characterized by
complete absence of the head and usually of the upper
extremities. It is the commonest condition among the
omphalusites. 2. A variety of the above species
marked by the highest form of development. The
head is absent, but there is at least one superior
extremity, and the thorax is generally fairly well-
developed.

Acer {a'-ser). A genus of sapindaceous trees and
shrubs; the maples. A. saccharinum, the Sugar
Maple of North America, affords a large commercial
supply of sugar. A. rubrum, tin Red Maple, has an
astringent inner bark. .-/. pennsylvanicum, Striped
Maple, is -aid to be antemetic and alterative. Unof.

Aceras (as'-er-as) [d priv.; icipag, horn, spur]. A
genus of orchids. A anthropophora (green-man,
man-orchid) has sudorific leaves, and the bulbs are
used as salep. Unof.

Acerates (as-er-a' -tez) [dpriv.; ntpac, horn]. A genus
of asclepiadaceous plants, regarded by some as a sec-
tion of the genus Gotnphocarpus. A. decumbens, of
New Mexico, is said to cure snake bites. A. longi-
folia, of the U. S., is diaphoretic. Unof.

Aceratophorous (ah-se-ra-tof' -o-rus) [d priv. ; ntpac,
horn; (pfpeiv, to bear]. In biology, hornless, mulev.
Cf. Accrous.

Aceratosis (ah-scr-at-o'-sis) [d priv.; KFpac, horn].
Deficiency or imperfection of comeou.-, tissue.

Acerb (a-serb') [acerbus, bitter]. Having a bitter,
astringent and pungent taste ; as certain drugs.

Acerbity (a-serb' -it-,) \_acerbitas, sharpness, sourness].
Acidity combined with astringency.

Aceric (as-er'-ik) \acer, a maple tree]. Pertaining to,
or found in the maple ; as aceric acid.

Aceride (as'-cr-ni) [d priv.; cera, wax]. An oint-
ment or plaster containing no wax.

Acerose {as'-er-os) [acits (acer), chaff]. In botany,
chaffy; needle-shaped, a- pine needles.

Acerotous {ah-ser' -o-tus) [d priv.; Kt/pdc, wax]. Con-
taining no wax ; said of ointments and plasters.

Acerous (as'-er-us) [d priv.; KEpac, a horn]. In
biology, having undeveloped, minute, or no horns or
antenn.v ; aceratophorous.

Acervate (as-er'-vdt) \acervatus, p.p. of acervare, t>>
heap upon]. In biology, growing in heaps or clusters.

Acervuline (as-er'-rnt-lin) [a- ervulus, a heap]. Agmi-
nated. or aggregated ; as certain mucous glands.

Acervulus. or Acervulus cerebri {as-er1 '-vu-lus scr'-
e-bri). Concretionary matter near the base of the pineal
gland, consisting of alkaline phosphates and carbonates,
with amyloid matter; brain-sand.

Acescence (as-es'-ens) [ac , to grow sour] . 1.

The process of becoming sour ; the quality of being

\. 1 S< I NCY

26

ACETYLENE

somewhat sour, j A disease of wines, whereby they
become sour owing to tin- agenc) yterma aceti.

Acescency See A

Acescent , to become soar] . Some-

what acid <>r tart; acidulous.

Aceia Plura]

Acetable :-/>l) [acetabulum, a small cup]. An

old name fi ■< the 'um.

Acetabular | fabulum, a small cup].

Pertaining t" the acetabulum.

Acetabuliferous 'if-er-us) [a u ■"'/, a

small cup; to bear]. Having suckers, as the

arm- of cuttle fishes and ^> ]iii< Is.

Acctabuliform ( i) [acetabulum, a small

cup; forma, form]. Having the form of the acetab-
ulum, or of a shallow cup ; cotyloid, or glenoid.

Acetabulum u - lum) [l... a small cup or

measure]. In biology, any cup shaped cavity or
.in. The articulating cavity of the head of the
femur, or the leg of an insect ; one of the suckers on
the arm phalopods, or on the scolex of a tape-

worm; the receptacle of certain fungi and lichens.

Acetal [acetum, vinegar], C6HM02. F.thi-

dene diethylate, a colorless, mobile liquid, with an
ethereal odor, produced by the imperfect oxidation of
alcohol under the influence of platinum black. Spar-
ingly soluble in water; boils at 104° ('. ; sp. gr. at 200
;. Its action is that of a soporific. Dose 5 j.

Acetaldehyd [as-et-al,-de-hld'\. The normal aldehyd ;
ethaldehyd. See Aldehyd.

Acetals (as/-et-alz) [acetum, vinegar]. Products of
the combination of aldehyds with the alcohols at
ioo° C.

Acetamid ' ,( H5NO. A white crystal-

line solid produced by distilling ammonium acetate, or
by heating ethyl acetate with strong aqueous ammonia.
It combines with both acids and metals to form
unstable compounds.

Acetanilid [as-et-an'-il-id), C8H9NO. A white, crys-
talline solid. Produced by boiling anilin and glacial
acetic acid together 1 ral hours; the crystalline

- i- thru distilled. It melts at II40 and boils at
- '. It is soluble in hot water, alcohol and ether.
I nder the name antifebrin it is prescribed as an anti-
pj reti< . I >ose gr. iij-xv.

Acetarium {as-et-a* -re-um) [gen.,Acetarii: pi., Aceta-
ria~\. A pickle or salad. A. Scorbuticum, a pickle
ntaining leaves of scurvy-grass or other anti -scor-
butic plant- ; used in the treatment of scorbutic cases.
»f.

Acetary (as* [acetum, vinegar]. An obsolete

or rare name for a -our pulpy substance found in pears
and some other fruits ; often enclosed within a congeries
granules.

Acetate 'um, vinegar]. Any salt of

A. of Lead, plumbi acetas. Si-.- Plumbum.

Acetic 1 ' tik) [acetum, vinegar]. Pertaining to
turn or vinegar ; -our. See Acid ', Acetic : A. Fer-
mentation, the development of acetic acid by the
tivity of the M / aceti.

Acetin [a ' t-in) [acetum, vinegar]. A chemical com-
pound formed I •• the union of glycerin and aceti' acid.

Acetolatum. ati:pl., I

■■'-/]. Distilled variously aromatized or

medicated.

Acetolature {as-et-ol' -at-ur) [acetolaturum]. Any
acetous tincture, or medii and vinegar.

Acetometer [acetum, vim

mea-ure]. An instrument \\-<>\ in the quantitive de-
tr rmination 1 >t a< 1 tii acid.

Acetometry {as-et-om' -et-re) [acetum, vim -<n>r,

measure]. The quantitive estimation of the amount

of acetic acid in vinegar. Usually made by an ar, to-
rn t :
Acetone dn) [acetum, vinegar], CjH60. Dime-

thyl Ketone. A colorless, mobile liquid, of peculiar
odor and burning taste; present in crude wood-spirit;
it occurs in small quantities in the blood and in
normal urine, and in considerable quantities in the
mine of diabetics. Like methyl alcohol it is miscible
in all proportions with ether, alcohol, and water. It
1- an excellent solvent foi resins, gums, camphor, fats,

and gun 1 1 itt< >n,
Acetones fas^-et-dnz). A das- of compounds that may
be regarded a- consisting of two alcoholic radicals
united by the group CO, or as aldehyds in which hj
drogen of the group COH has been replaced by an

alcoholic radical.

Acetonemia (as-et-o-ne/-me-aA) [acetone; di/xa, blood.]
The presence of acetone in the blood. It may re-
sult from a number of diseases, but is characteristic of
chronic diabetes, and is associated with dyspnea, sub-
normal temperature, lowered pulse rate, etc. The
patient finally falls into coma. The treatment consists
in increasing the secretions and by removing the
causes of the diseases.

Acetonuria [as-et-on-u' f-re-aK) [acetone; oipov, urine].
The presence of acetone in the urine.

Acetophenone [as-et-o-fe,-non), C6H5(CO)(CH8).
'• Hypnone;" a hypnotic and antiseptic. Without
satisfactory action. I lose injv-xv. It results from the
action of zinc methyl upon benzoyl chlorid. < rvstal-
lizes in large plates, melts at 20. 50, and boils at 2020.

Acetosella [as-et-o-sel'-ah). See Oxa/is acetosella.

Acetous (as-e'-tus) [acetum, vinegar]. Like or resem-
bling vinegar ; pertaining to, or charged with vinegar
or acetic acid.

Acetoxim [as-et-oks* '-im) , (CH8)2C.N.OH. A com
pound formed by the action of hydroxylamin upon
acetone ; readily soluble in water, alcohol and ether ;
fuses at 6o°, boils at 135°.

Acetoxims (as-et-oks'-imz). See Aldoxims.

Acetphenetidin (as-t'/-fe->wtr-it/-i>i). See Phenacetin.

Acetum, {as-e'-tum) [gen., Aceta: pi., Aceti]. ['-■]•
Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic acid produced by-
acetous fermentation of wine, cider, or other fruit juice.
See Fermentation. In pharmacy, a solution of the active
principles of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid. There
are four official aceta, each of which contains the solu-
ble principles of ten per cent, of its weight, viz., of
lobelia, opium, sanguinaria, and squill ; the acetumoi
cantharides is official in (ireat Britain. A. aromat-
icum (N. F.) ["aromatic vinegar"], a mixture of
alcohol, water and acetic acid, aromatized with the
oils of rosemary, lavender, juniper, peppermint, cassia,
lemon and clove-. A. britannicum, an aromatic
vinegar consisting of glacial acetic acid 600.0, cam-
phor 60.0, oil of cloves 2.0, oil of cinnamon 1 .0, oil
of lavender 0.5.

Acetyl (as'-et-il) [acetum, vinegar], (C2HsO). A uni-
valent radical supposed to exist in acetic acid and

it- derivatives. Aldehyd maj be regarded a- the

hydrid ami acetic acid a- the hydrate, of acetyl. A.
Peroxid, (< II <>'',. a thick liquid, insoluble in
water, but readily dissolved bj ether and alcohol.
It i- a powerful oxidizing agent. It i- decomposed
in sunlight and explodes violently when heated.
Acetylene (as-et'-il-en) [acetum, vinegar], C2H2. A
colt is, with a characteristic and very unpleas-

ant odor, burning with a luminous, smoky flame.
Illuminating gas contains a small amount of it.
Formed by the imperfect combustion of illuminating
gas and other hydrocarbons. The. acetylene series oi
hydrocarbons ha- the general formula, < nIIiD_ 2.

AC UK

27

achroOdex ikin

Ache (ak) [A. S., a an, to ache]. Any continuous or
throbbing pain.

Ache (atch) [l'r.]. An old, or local name for common
parsley. See Apium.

Acheilia (ah-ki' '-le-ah) [d priv. ; xa/"S, a lip]- The
congenital absence of lips.

Acheilous (ak-ki'-lus) [<i priv. ; xe'ihoq, a lip]. Born
without lips; affected with acheilia.

Acheiria (ah-ki' -re-ah) [" priv. ; ,vf^>, a hand]. The
congenital absence of hands.

Acheirous (ah-ki'-rus) [« priv. ; \n/>, a hand]. Af-
fected with acheiria; born without hands.

Acheirus (ah-ki' -rus). An acheirous person, or fetus;
one who was born without hand.-.

Achene (a-kln'). Same as Achenium.

Achenium (ah-ke'-ni-um) [a priv.; xaiV£lvi gaPe : P?->
Achenia]. In biology, a .small, dry, one-seeded, in-
dehiscent fruit.

Achenocarp, or Achaenocarp (ah-ke' -no-karp) [d priv.;
Xaiveiv, to gape ; /c«/>;roc, fruit] . In biology, any dry fruit,
not opening spontaneously when ripe. See Achenium.

Achenodium (ak-en-o'-de-um) [L.]. A cremocarp or
double achenium, as produced by some umbelliferous
plants. See Achenium.

Achetous, or Achaetous Cah-ke'-tus) [d priv. ; xa^rr/>
hair]. In biology, lacking setae, chaetaa, or bristles.

Achilia (ah-ki* '-le-ah). See Acheilia.

Achillea (ak-il-e'-ah) [Achilles, its reputed discoverer].
Milfoil, Yarrow. The herb ^4. millefolium. Properties
due to a bitter, aromatic. a-tringent, tonic extractive,
ackillein, and a volatile oil. It has long been used as
a vulnerary, and has been highly recommended for
intermittents, and in low, exanthematous fevers. Dose
5j— Oj infusion ad lib.; of the extractive, Jjj— iij ;
of the volatile oil, gtt. v-xv. Unof. To the genus
Achillea belong various other unofficial medicinal
plants, as A. moschata, of the Alps, used in preparing
cordials and a diaphoretic medicine, and A. ptarmica,
or sneezewort, a strong sialagogue.

Achillein (ak-il'-e-in) \achilleinum ; gen., Achilleini\.
An extractive from Achillea millifolium. See Achillea.

Achilles Tendon (ak-il'-ez ten' -Jon). See Tendon.

Achillodynia (ak-u-o-din'-e-ah) [Achilles; bUvvq. pain].
Pain referred to the insertion of the tendo-Achillis,
sometimes with apparent swelling of the tendon and
of the os calcis.

Achilous (ah-ki' '-Ins). See Acheilons.

Achiote (a-che-o'-te). See Annotto.

Achina (ah-ki'-re-ah). See Acheiria.

Achirous (ah-ki'-rus). See Acheirous.

Achirus (ah-ki'-rus). See Acheirus.

Achlamydeous (ak-lam-id'-e-us) [d priv.; x^a^'C, a
cloak). In biology, flowers lacking calyx, corolla, or
perianth.

Achlorophyllous (ak-klo-ro-fiV '-us) [« priv.; ^/Iwpoc,
green ; tyvA'kov, leaf]. In biology, without chlorophyll,
or leaf-green.

Achloropsia {ah -klo-rop'-se-a/i) [« priv.; x^upor, green ;
dijiig, vision]. Green-blindness.

Achlys (ak'-lis) [(i\'/ir, gloom, mist]. Cloudiness of
the cornea.

Achne (ak'-ne) [<"/ yiv/, anything shaved off ]. I. Lint, or
charpie ; floss. 2. Mucus upon the eye.

Acholia (ah-ko' -le-ah) [d priv. ; x"'"h bib]. Xon-secre-
tion or non-excretion of bile.

Acholic (ah-kol-'ik) [d; X"'/',]- Affected with acholia.

Acholous (ak'-o-lus) [d priv.; x°''/> bile]. Pertaining
to or affected with acholia.

Achondroplasia (ah-kon-dro-pla'-se-ah) [« priv.; x&v~
Apoc, cartilage; TrAaaoetv, to form]. Lack of devel-
opment in a cartilaginous structure ; the absorption of
cartilage during its transformation into bone.

Achondroplasy (ah kon' -dro-pla-se) [d pnv. ; \6v8pog,
cartilage; irXaooeiv, to form]. Lack of the normal
development of cartilage. Parrot's term for a form of
fetal ii< kets in whit h the limbs an- ->hort, the curves of
the bones exaggerated, and there i- an absence of the
proliferating zone oi cartilage at the junction of the
epiphyses. The children an- generally -till horn.
This condition is very much like a fetal cretinism.

Achor (a'-kor) [d^w/j, chaff, scurf, or dandruff: pi.,
.1 h > i iii kor'-lz) ]. Crusta la, tea. A -mall pustule,
followed by a scab, upon the heads of infants.

Achordal (ah-kor'-dal) [d priv.; x^P&li cord]. Not
derived from the not,,, hord.

Achorion (a-ko'-n on) [dim. of o^w/u, chaff]. A
genu- including several species of fungous (or fungoid)
organisms (possibly modified forms of Penicillium
lucum), found in the skin, especial!] tie- hair fol-
licle-. ./. keratophagus , the form causing On)
mycosis, q. -•. A. lebertii, the parasite of Tinea
tonsurans. A. schonleinii, the species occurring in
ringworm or Tinea favosa.

Achroa (ah-kro'-ah). See Achroia.

Achroia (ah-kroi'-ah). Same as Achroma, q. v.

Achroicythemia (ah-kroi-si-the' -me-ah). Same as
Achroiocythemia. See also Oligochromemia.

Achroiocythemia (ah-kroi-o-si-t he' -me-ah), or Achroe-
ocythasmia (ah-kre-o-si-the' -me-ah) [d^potoc, color-
less; icirroc, cell; aijia, blood]. A deficiency of
hemoglobin in the red blood corpuscles; also, the
diseased state that is associated with such deficiency.

Achroleucous {ah-kro-ln' -kits) [d;rpooc, pale; Aft'KOf,
white]. Yellowish-white, dull cream color.

Achroma (ah-kro' -maK) [d priv.; xp'~-""l> color]. Ab-
sence of color. Pallor. Paleness, from whatsoever
cause. A., Congenital. See Albinism. A. Cutis.
See Leucoderma.

Achromasia [ah-kro-ma'-ze-ah). See Achroma.

Achromatic (ah-kro-mat'-ik) [d priv.; j^w^a, color].
Pertaining to achroma; without color. A. Lens, one
the dispersing power of which is exactly neutralized
by another lens having the same curvature but of
unequal refractive index. See also Aberration and
Objective. A. Triplet. See Microscope.

Achromatin (ah-kro' -mat-in) [d priv.; xpijua, color].
The substance in the nucleus of a cell prior to division.
So called because not readily stained by coloring
agents. See Cell Body. A. of Flemming. See
Paralinin.

Achromatism ( ah-kro' -mat-izm) [d priv.; ^w/zn,
color]. Absence of chromatic aberration.

Achromatopsia (ah-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [d priv.; \pufia,
color; bC'tr, eyesight]. Color-blindness; Daltonism;
dyschromatopsia.

Achromatosis (ah-kro-mat-o'-sis) [d priv.; \,ii.m<i,
color]. Any disease characterized by deficiency of
pigmentation in the integumentary tissues.

Achromatous (ah-kro' -mat-us) [d priv.; \f>uua, color].
Deficient in color.

Achromia (ah-kro' -me-ah) [<i priv.; xi"'""'y color].
Albinism ; achroma.

Achromodermia (ah-kro-mo-der' -me-ah) \_a priv. ;
Xpufta, color; liipfta, skin]. An albinotic, or color-
less state of the skin.

Achromophilous (ak-kro-mof -il-us) [it priv.; ;jyjG>//«,
color; QtAeiv, to love]. Not readily stained; not
chromophilous.

Achromotrichia (ah-kro-mo-trtk'-e-ah) [a priv.; xpb>!'a,
color ; ",> .-, hair]. Absence of pigment from the hair.

Achromous (ah-kro* -mus) [d priv.; xpofta, color].
Pale, colorless ; having no color.

Achrobdextrin (ah-kro-o-deks' '-trim [axpooc, colorless;
dexter, right]. A reducing dextrin formed by the action

.\( IIYI.IA

ACID

of the diastatic ferment of saliva u]

gen. It is .1 modification ctrin that maj

precipitated bj alcohol, and i- not altered bj ptyalin,
ii< «r colored b) iodin.

Achyha j riv . ; \ i >.../, juice]. Abs

or deficiency of juice, or of chyle.

Achylosis [d priv.j \ '-•'".', juice].

tn.ii.-nt chylirication

Achylous priv.; rv?.«Jf, juice]. Without

ch) I ent in chyle

Achymosis priv. ; fty/dc, chyme],

at chymification.

Achyranthes ov, chafl

a flower]. \ genus of amyrantaceous plants. A.

- febrifugal. A. t of En

and the I nited States, is diuretic. Unof.

Acicula i [dim. of acus, a needle]. In

biology, .1 -pine, bristle, or prickle; the bristle-like
flow

Acicular . a needle]. Needle-like.

Aciculum .is-ik' -u!i<in) [dim, of acus, a needle:
]. In biology, one o( the slender sharp
bristles in the rudimentary limbs of some worms.

Aciculus ,:<-ik'-u-lu i \a us, a needle]. In biology,
ti tut bristle or prickle.

Acid .-•, to be sour]. A name loosely

applied to any substance having a sour taste. A com-
pound of ai negative element with one or more
atoms of hydrogen which can be replaced by electro-
iitive or basic atom-. Acids vary in their termina-
tio- li"kr to the quantity of oxygen or other
nstituent. Those having the maxi-
mum of oxygen end in -ic ; those' of a lower degree
in • u . Where there are more than two combinations
the preposition hyper-\s prefixed to the highest, and
to the lowest. Acid> that end in -ic, as sul-
phunV acid, form salts terminating in -ate; those end-
ing in tn form salts terminating in -it . Physiologic-
ally . acid- in concentrated form act as caustics ; diluted
and in medicinal doses they check acid-producing and
increase alkaline sei retions. A., Abietic. See Abietit .
A.. Abric C12H24NsO), a crystallizable acid, said to
exist in jequirity. A., Aceric, found in the juice of
r campestre, the common English maple. A.,
Acetic, an acid solution composed of 36 parts of
absolute acetic acid (C2H402), and 64 parts water.
Has strong arid properties. Miscible with water and
alcohol. A., Acetic, Glacial, the absolute acid in
crystalline form. An escharotic. A., Acetic, Dilute,
tains -i\ percent, of absolute acid. Dose 5J— ij.
An impure form obtained by the destructive distilla-
tion of wood is known as wood vinegar, or pyrolig-

11- .e id. A., Acetic, Test. See Tests, Tab,
A., Aconitic (C6H806), occurs in different plants

nitum napei ir cane, and beet-root-. It may

be obtained by heating citric acid alone or with com
trated HO. It crystallizes in small plate-, that
<li-- lily in alcohol, ether and water, and melt

at 1 86°— 70. An acid found in aconite. A., Adibasic.
./., Suberic. A., Adipic (CgH10O4), obtained
by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. Crystallizes in
shining . or prisms; soluble in thin. -en pan

ter ; melts at 1480. It is dibasic and diatomic.
A., Agaricic (( ',,.! I ..,,< > H20), a resin acid obtained
from the fungus / growing on

larch tn le acid has been recommended for the

checking of night-sv It also checks the other

excretion- and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathartii
Unof. A., Alanthic ' .II.,1 ' 1, Inuli acid, found
in Inula helenium. Occurs in needle-like crysl
A., Aldepalmitic (( ,1 I omponenl of

the but' A.. Alginic. in. A.,

Alloxanic (C4H Na04), a crystalline acid, obtained
by treating alloxan with alkalies. A., Alpha-oxy-
naphthoic i('nllj> . a fragrant crystalline acid, de-

I from alpha-naphthol. It i- strongly antiseptic
and deodorant ; useful in wound dressing; but appears
to be toxic when taken by the stomach. (Jnof. A.,
Alphatolinic. See A., Phenyl-acetic. A., Amalic

1 II jN/D^, [d/zoAdc, weak], tetramethylalloxan-
tin, formed by the action of HNO„, or chlorine water,

upon (him. or, I l'\ the reduction of dimethyl

alloxan with II> Consists of colorless, sparingly
soluble crystals, that impart a red color to the skin.
A., Amido-acetic. See Gfycin. A., Amido-
benzoic 1 ( ".1 1..\< >.,), occasionally found in the urine.
A., Amido-succinamic. same as Asparagin. A.,
Angelic i< II. < 1,1. a crystalline monobasic acid.
Exists free along with valeric and acetic acids in the
roots of Angelica archangelica, and as butyl and amy]
esters in Roman oil of cumin. Crystallizes in shining
prism-, melts at 45°. and boils at 1850. It has a peculiar
smell and taste. A., Anisic M'JIj'.i. obtained by
oxidizing anisol and anethol with II.\<>,, and from
aniseed by the action of oxidizing substances. Crys
talli/e- from hoi water in long needles, from alcohol in
rhombic prisms; melts at 1850, boils at 2S00. It is
antiseptic and antirheumatic. A., Anthranilic (<'.-
H7N< >J, prepared by oxidizing indigo by boiling it
with manganese dioxid and sodium hydroxid. It
sublimes in long needles, is readily soluble in hot
water and alcohol, and melts at 1440. A., Anthro-
pocholic (C]8H2804) [avdpanoq, man; 1 <<>>/, bile],
an acid said to be obtainable from human bile. Its
existence is doubtful. A., Anticylic, a white fragrant
powder with pleasant acid taste, readily soluble in
water, alcohol, and glycerin, used as an antipyretic.
Dose gr. T^5. A., Aposorbic (C5H807), produced
on oxidizing sorbin with UNO.,. It crystallizes in
small leaflets that melt with decomposition at no0.
Easily soluble in water. A., Arabic. See Arabin.
A., Arabonic (C5H10O6), tetraoxyvaleric acid, ob-
tained by the action of bromin water or HN03 upon
arabinose. A., Aromatic, a name applied to certain
organic acids occurring in the balsams, resins, and
other odoriferous principles. Also, in pharmacy, a
dilute mineral acid reinforced by aromatic substances
in order to modify their flavor. A., Arsenous, and
Arsenic. See Arsenic. A., Aspartic (C4H7N04),
occurs in the vinasse obtained from the beet root,
and is procured from albuminous bodies in various
reaction-. It is prepared by boiling asparagin with
alkalies and acids. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms,
or leaflets, and dissolves with difficulty in water. A.,
Atrolactinic (C9H10Os), obtained from acetophenone
by mean- of prussic acid and H2S04 or dilute IK I.
Dissolves verj readily in water; crystallizes with one-
half H20 in needles or plates; melts at 910. A.,
Atropic (C9H802), results from atropin, tropic acid,
and atrolactinic arid when they are heated with con-
centrated in 1. Crystallizes from hot water in mono-
clinic plates ; is sparingly soluble in cold water, easily
in ether and benzene; melts at 1060. A., Auric
(Au ''II , gold trihydroxid. A.Bath. See Bnlh.
A., Behenolic I < '. ..I I „,< >.,). derived from the
bromids of erucii and brassidic acids, Melts at
57. 50. A., Benzoic (( ,H60 |, occurs free in some
hiefly in Limn benzoin, and in 1 oal tar. It crystal-
lize- in white, shii dies, or leafli 1-. melts at 120°,
and distils al 250. It volatilize- readily, and its vapor
possesses a peculiar odor that produces coughing.
A., Boric. See Boron. A., Brassidic M ',.,1 1 ,.,< > ,.
isomeric with erucicacid; produced by the action of
nitric a< id on eru< ii ai id ; melts at 560. A., Brenz

ACID

29

ACID

catechin sulphuric (<',.," ,1 1 lO).,.U.SO.,), has been
found in human urine, mainly after the ingestion of
salicin, hydroquinon, etc. A., Butyric (C4H
\butyrum, butter], an acid having a viscid appear.!
and rancid smell. It is obtained commerciall) by the
fermentation of a mixture oi sugar and butti ror < lieese
in the presence ol an alkaline carbonate, but occui
various plants, in cod liver oil, in t lie juice of meats, and
in tin- perspiration. < 'ombined with glycerin asgl} ceryl
butyrate, it is essentially butter. The ether derived from
butyric acid is the natural flavor of tin- pineapple. A.,
Caffeic i ( ',,1 1_< \ i. obtained when the tannin of coffee
is boiled with potassium bydroxid; crystallizes in yel-
low prisms, and is very readily soluble in hot water
and alcohol. A., Campholic I < ',,,1 1 ,J V, ), produced
on distilling camphor over heated soda lime, or with
alcoholic potash; it melts at o5°,and is a white, vola-
tile solid, insoluble in cold water. A., Camphoric
(C10l l„;< \), a dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor
with I L N( » , ; crystallizes from hot water in colorless
leaflets; melts at 17S0, and decomposes into water
and its anhydrid, C8H14(CO)20. Used in night-
sweats of phthisis. Dose gr. x-xxx. A.. Cam-
phoronic (•',,! I,, • )-, 1 1. ,0), produced by the further
oxidation of camphoric acid; it occurs in the mother
liquor. Loses its water of crystallization at 100-1200
and melts at 1350. It forms colorless microscopic
needles that are volatile and readily soluble in water.
A., Capric (CgH19C< ».< )1 1 1, occurs in small quantity, as
a glyeqrid in cow's butter. 1 'rystallizes in fine needles,
melting at 300 C, very insoluble in boiling water.
A.. Caproic | C61 1, .< .)., 1, the sixth in the series of
fatty acids; a clear, mobile oil, colorless, inflammable,
and with a very acid and penetrating taste. Prepared
from butter, cocoanut oil, and various other sources.
A., Caprylic (C7H15CO.OH), an acid combined
with glycerin, forming a glycerid existing in various
animal fats; liquid at ordinary temperatures. A.,
Carbamic (H2N.CO.OH), an acid not known in the
free state; its ammonium salt is contained in com-
mercial ammonium carbonate. The estersof carbamic
acid are called methanes. A., Carbazotic. See A.,
Picric. A., Carbolic (C6H5< >H), Phenol — the correct
designation of this substance — is procured from coal
tar by fractional distillation. It has a very peculiar and
characteristic odor, a burning taste, is poisonous, and
has preservative properties. The sp. gr. at o° is
1 .084 ; it crystallizes in colorless rhombic needles that
melt at 42. 2°, boiling at l8o°,and it is not decomposed
upon distillation. At ordinary temperatures it dissolves
in water with difficulty (i: 15), but is soluble in
alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerin in all
proportions. Upon exposure to light and air it deli-
quesces and acquires a pinkish color. It is used in the
manufacture of many of the artificial coloring matters,
, picric acid, used as a yellow dye. Large quan-
tities of various qualities of carbolic acid are consumed
for antiseptic purposes. It is a powerful antiseptic and
germicide, and a violent poison. Internally it is used in
vomiting and intestinal fermentation. Dose gr. '^-j.
A., Carb., Aqua, contains rodrachms of the glycerit to
I pint of water. I lose 3J-,^ss. A., Carb., Garga-
risma grs. ij-31, for fetid sore throat. A., Carb.,
Glycerit. contains acid I , glycerin 4 parts. A., Carb.,
Liquefactum, (B. P.). Dose rri^ j— ij . A., Carb.,
Solutions, vary from 1 to 5 per cent, in water. A.,
Carb., Suppos. cum Sapone 1 B. P.), each contain-
ing gr. j of carbolic acid. A., Carb., Unguent, con-
tains acid 10, ointment 90 parts. A., Carbol., Injectio
Hypoderm., 2-5 per cent. , for anthrax , and erysipelas.
A., Carbonic (C02), carbon dioxid; a product of
combustion; a colorless, transparent, odorless gas,

heavier than air; incapable of sustaining respiration.

It is eliminated b\ the- lungs, and when retained in
the system gives rise to cyanosis. A., Carminic
1 17HJBO10), ; matter found in the buds of cer-

tain plants, and especially in cochii insect

inhabiting different varieties of cactus. It is an
amorphous purple-red m readily soluble in

water and alcohol. Yields red salt- with the alkalies.
A., Cathartinic, an active principle from several
species <>l ( a ia. It occurs in brown hygroscopic
scales. Used as a laxative in doses of gr. iv-vj.
A., Cerebrinic 1 < ,,l ln V ).), an acid found in the
brain and belonging to the group called cerebrinacid
A., Cerotic (< 1 1 ,< l,j \jajpor6c, waxy], a fatty acid,
existing in the free state in beeswax, and combined
with ceryl as an ether in Chinese wax. It crystallizes
from alcohol in delicate needles, melting at J&°. A.,
Chelidonic (C7H406), occurs together with malic
acid in Chelidonium majus. Crystallizes in silky
needles with one molecule of water, and melts at _'20°.
A., Chloracetic \chlorin and acetic"], an lied

also Monochloracetic acid, produced bj the substitution
of chlorin for the hydrogen of the radicle in acetic-
acid. It is sometimes used as a caustic. A.. Chloric
(HClOj), an acid known only in its compounds and
its aqueous solution. Some of its compounds, the
chlorates, are of great service in medicine. A., Cho-
lalic. See ./., Ckolic. A., Cholic 'C.H,'
Cholalic Acid, from glycocholic and taurocholic acids;
crystallizes from hot water in small anhydrous prism-.
sparingly soluble in water, and melting at 195°- A..
Choloidinic, derived from Cholalic Acid, and proba-
bly a mixture of this with dyslysin ; all three decomp< isi-
tion products of bile acids. A., Chromic, strictly
the compound H2Cr( >, ; chromium trioxid combined
with water; it forms salts called chromates. In
most books the chromium trioxid, Cr03, is tailed by
this name. It is a crystalline solid, and is a useful
escharotic for the destruction of syphilitic warts and
similar growths. A solution of I : 40 is used as an
antiseptic wash for putrid sores and wounds. A.,
Chrysanisic (C7H5N306), an acid forming golden-
yellow crystals, used in the preparation of certain
anilin dyes. It melts at 2590 and sublimes. A..
Chrysenic (C17H1203), produced when chrysene is
fused with caustic alkali. Forms silver- white leaflets
and melts at 1860. A., Chrysophanic ((', I
Rheinic Acid, exists in the lichen, Parmelia pari, Una.
in senna leaves, and in the rhubarb root. Crystallizes
in golden yellow needles or prisms, melting at 162°.
SeeCArysarofiin. A.,Cinchoninic 1 C,,I I, \ (C02H .
produced by oxidizing cinchonin with potassium per-
manganate, or HNO3. (rystallizes in needles,
taining 2H.,0, in thick prisms, or plates, with 2H2< >;
melts at 2540. A.. Cinnamic (C9H862), occurs in
Peru and Tolu balsams, in storax, and in some benzoin
resins. Crystallizes from hot water in tine need
from alcohol in thick prisms ; is odorless, melts at 133° ;
soluble in hot water and in alcohol. It has been
used in tuberculosis, both internally and externally.
Dose rr\ j-x,hypodermatically. A.. Citric (C6H80, .
occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberry, beets,
and in various acid fruits. It crystallizes with one
molecule of water in large rhombic prisms, which melt
at IOO°, are colorless, inodorous, and extremely sharp
in taste. It is used as a discharge in calico-printing.
It is refrigerant, antiseptic, and diuretic. A.. Comanic
(C,;!!,! )( i, obtained from chelidonic acid by the loss of
carbon dioxid. It dissolves with difficulty in water;
melts at 2500. A., Comenic | I .', 1 1 ,< • , is produced by
heating meconic acid to 120-2000. It is rather inso-
luble in water and crystallizes in hard, warty masses.

ACID

30

ACID

A., Coumalic ',.'1,'', ■ identical with comanic
acid. Produced when malic acid i- heated together
with concentrated H.so,; dissolves with difficulty in

cold water and imh- with decomposition at 2060. A.,
Coumaric (( ,H8< ' . an acid derived from coumarin
and intimatel} related to salicylic acid, being converted
int< > the latter by fusion with potassium hydrate. A.,
Coumarilic ' ,H60 . a monobasic acid obtained
from oumarin dibromid ; crystallizes from hot water
in delicate needles, melting at i«)o°; moderately solu-
ble in water and extremely soluble in alcohol. A.,
Crenic I . a spring], an acid found in certain

spring \\ater> and also in vegetable mould and in
ochreous deposits. A., Cresolsulphuric (i.ll.u v
i L.< dl i. exists in the urine in small traces; also found
in the urine of herbivorous animals. A., Cresylic.
A., Croconic (C5H205), is produced
by the alkaline oxidation of most of the hexa-

iimted benzene-derivatives : crystallizes in sul-
phur-yellow leaflets, readily soluble in water and
alcohol; has an acid taste and reaction. A.,
Cumic (< . "„,1 1, .,( )..), is produced by the oxidation of
cuminic alcohol with dilute HNOs. Very soluble in
water and alcohol, crystallizes in colorless needles or
leaflets, melts at no°, and boils at about 2900. A ,
Cyanic (CONH), obtained by heating polymeric
cyanuric acid. It is a mobile, volatile liquid, only
stable- below O0; reacts strongly acid ; has an odor like
that of glacial acetic acid ; vesicates the skin; dissolvi s
in alcohols. A., Cyanuric. See A. , Tricyariic.
A.. Damalic K',.,1 I.J *2), [<*" "<///</, heifer], has been
obtained from the urine of cows and horses, and from
human urine. A., Damaluric (C7H1202) [lU'tfin/ir,
heifer; ovpov, urine], an oily compound, derivable
from the urine of cattle and of mankind. A., Desox-
alic (I H60 en in large, shining crystals, that

melt at S50. A., Diacetic (C4H6< >.,), an acid present
in the urine in some diseased conditions, e. g., aceton-
uria. With a solution of ferric chorid it gives a Bur-
gundy-red color. A., Durylic (C]0H12O2), obtained
by the oxidation of durene ; crystallizes in hard prisms
and melts at 115°. A., Elaidic 1 1 ', J 1 ..,< ».), afatty acid.
produced by the action of nitrous acid on oleic acid.
Isomeric with the latter. Consists of brilliant leaflets,
melting at 44-450. A., Ellagic (CuH809), occurs
in the bezoar stones fan intestinal calculus of the
Pi rsian goat). Occurs in the form of a powder con-
taining I molecule of water of crystallization. Insoluble
in water ; light pale yellow in color; tasteless. A.,
Enanthylic, or CEnanthylic \oivafh}, wine flower,
a plant [oivog, wine ; flower); <'>//. principle],

a complex ether formed by the action of nitric acid on
fatty substances, especially castor oil. A., Erucic

!! 'i . present as glycerid in rape-seed oil and
in the fatty oil of mustard. Prepared by saponifying
rape-seed oil with lead oxid. < Irystallizes from alcohol
in long needles that melt at 33-340. A., Euchroic
(C,2H4N208), an amid of mellitic acid, produced by
dry distillation of the ammonium salt. It crystallizes in
large prisms and is sparingly soluble in water. A.,
Eugenic. See Eugenol. A., Euxanthinic (<',„' '|H"
<»,,), Porrisic Acid, occurs as a magnesium salt in
so-called purrte, a yellow coloring matter from India
and China. Crystallizes from alcohol inyellowpri
with 1 1 .< >. A., Everninic (C9H10O4), produced <>n
boiling evernic acid (( |7H,gO, (from Evernia
prunasiri, a lichen formerlj : d in dyeing and

for making a hair powder), with baryta. It mell
1570. A., Ferulic (C10H10O ponds to vanillin.

It is found in asafetida, from which it may be obtained
by precipitation with lead acetate. It is very soluble
in hot water, crystallizes in shining needles or prisms,

and nulls at 1690. A., Filicic. the main ingredient
of Male Fern. It is a white crystalline powder
with slight taste and odor, insoluble in water. A.,
Fluoric III i. gaseous and soluble in water, a strong
escharotic. The dilute acid, 1 : -<*>, is used as an
internal remedy in goiter. Dose m^xx-xxx. A.,
Formic (< I 1 .< >., 1 , an acid obtained from a fluid
emitted by ants when irritated ; also found in stinging
nettles, in shoots of the pine, and in various animal
set retions. Prepared by heating oxalic acid and gly-
cerin. It is a colorless, mobile fluid, with a pungent
odor, and vesicates the skin if dropped upon it. It
boils at 990 and at o° has a sp. gt. of 1. 223. A.,
Galactonic. See A., Lactonic. A., Gallic (C-Ha
05), occurs free in gall nuts, in tea, in the fruit of

alpinia coriaria, mangoes, and various other plants.
Obtained from ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with
dilute acids. Crystallizes in fine, silky needles, con-
taining one molecule of water. Dissolves slowly in
water and readily in alcohol and ether; has a faintly
acid, astringent taste; melts near 2200. Astringent
and disinfectant; useful in night sweats, diabetes, and
chronic diarrhea. A., Gallic, Unguent, benzoated
lard 90, gallic acid 10. A., Pyrogaffic (unofficial),
obtained from gallic acid by heating the latter. Recom
mended locally in phagedenic chancres as an antisep-
tic and disinfectant in l-2j^ percent, solutions. I >ose,
internally, gr. j-ij. A., Gluconic (C6HH07), is
formed by the oxidation of dextrose, cane sugar,
dextrin, starch, and maltose with chlorin o» bromin
water. Most readily obtained from glucose. It is
dextro-rotatory, but does not reduce Fehling's solution.
It melts at 2000. A., Glutaric (C5H804), normal
pyrotartaric acid. Crystallizes in large monoclinic
plates, melts at 970, and distils at 3030, at 140 soluble
in 1.2 part of water. A., Glycocholic i « " , , . 1 1 , . "N < l6),
a monobasic acid found in bile; sparingly soluble in
water; crystallizes in minute needles, melting at 133°.
A., Glycollic (C2H403), Oxyacetic Acid, produced
by the action of nascent hydrogen upon oxalic acid.
It is a thick syrup that gradually crystallizes on stand-
ing over sulphuric acid ; the crystals melt at 8o° and
deliquesce in the air. It dissolves easily in water, in
alcohol, and in ether. A., Glycoluric (CsH6N208),
Hydanti h . Icid, prepared by heating urea with glycocoll
to 1200. It is a monobasic acid ; very soluble in hoi
water and in alcohol. Crystallizes in large, rhombic
prisms. A., Glycuronic ((',.1 !,„< >.). obtained by
decomposing euxanthic acid on boiling with dilute
II„S< \. It is a syrup that decomposes readily into the
lactone, (.',.1 1 „< >,., on wanning. It is levo-rotatory.
This acid has been found in urine; it probably does
not exist in normal urine ; but it appears after
taking certain drugs, as benzol, indol, nitro-benzol,
and the quinin derivatives. A., Glyoxylic ( ( ., I T '
obtained by oxidizing glycol, alcohol, and aldehyd.
It is a thick liquid, readily soluble in water. Crystal-
lizes in rhombic prisms by long standing over sulphuric

1. A., Guanido-Acetic. See Glycocyamin.
A., Gynocardic (< ](l l„,< U, derived from the see, Is
of the Gynocardia odorata. It occurs as a yellowish
oily substam 1 melting al 30° C. (86° !•'.), with a dis-
tinct odor and ai id taste. Used as an antisyphilitic
and antirheumatic. Dosegr. ,'i-iij. Used externally
as a liniment 11 to 10 or 20). A., Haloids

' id /m,' . . derivatives that arise in the
rep] I of the hydroxy] of acids by halogens.

They are liquids of sharp odor, fuming in the air
and undergoing transformation into acids and halo-
gen hydrids. They are heavier than water. They
decompose at ordinary temperatures, forming aci
A., Hemipinic (C10H10O6), formed by oxidizing

ACID

31

ACID

narcotin with dilute HNOs. Melts at 1820. A.,
Hesperetinic (Cj0H10O4), obtained from the gluco-
side nesperidin. Melts at 2280. A., Hippunc i< ,1 1 ,
V 1.) \_i~-og, horse; ol^xw, urine]. Benzoyl Glycocoll,
occurs in considerable amount in the urine of herbi-
vorous animals, sometimes in that of man. Crystallizes
in rhombic prisms, and dissolves readily in hot water
and alcohol. It melts at 1S70. Its salts (hippurates
of lime, lithium, and sodium) are regarded as good
solvents of the urates, and are recommended in gout,
rheumatism, and calculous diseases, hose grs. iv-
xvj. Unof. A., Hircic, a peculiar-smelling acid
contained in goat's milk. A., Homogentisic, an
acid separated by Baumann from highly colored urine,
believed to be formed by the action of bacteria on
the tyrosin normally found in pancreatic digestion.
A., Homophthalic (C9H804), obtained by fusing
gamboge with caustic potash. Crystallizes from
hot water in stout prisms, melting at 175°- A.,
Hydantoic. Sec .-/., Glycoluric. A., Hydriodic
(III), Acidum Hydriodicum : a gaseous acid. Its
solution and a syrup prepared from it are used as alter-
atives, with the general effects of iodin. Unof. A.,
Hydrobromic (HBr) ; the dilute acid, which is the
chief form used, consists of 10 per cent, acid and 90
per cent, water. A good solvent for quinin. Useful
in hysteria, congestive headaches, and neuralgia. Is
recommended as a substitute for potassium and sodium
bromids. Dose mjcx-gij. A., Hydrocaffeic (C9-
H,0O«), obtained from caffeic acid by the action of
sodium amalgam. A., Hydrochloric, Muriatic Acid
1 1 IC1 ). a liquid consisting of 31 .9 per cent, of HO gas
in 68. 1 per cent, of water. Colorless, pungent, and in-
tensely acid. Valuable as an aid to digestion. A.,
Hydrochloric, Dilute, a ten per cent, solution of ab-
solute acid in water. Dose mjij-x. A., Hydrocin-
namic (C6H5.(CH2)2C02H), Phenyl-propionic Acid,
obtained by the action of sodium amalgam upon
cinnamic acid. Very soluble in hot water and alcohol ;
crystallizes in needles, melts at 470, and distils at 2800.
A., Hydrocyanic, Dilute (HCN), Prussic Acid, a
liquid consisting of two per cent, of the acid with 98
per cent, of water and alcohol. Generally prepared
by the action of H.,S04 on potassium ferrocyanid.
It is a mobile liquid, of a sp. gr. of .697 at lS° ;
becomes crystalline at — 150; boils at -(-26.5°; pos-
sesses an odor like that of bitter almonds ; is extremely
poisonous ; a feeble acid. Prussic acid is found in the
bitter almond, the leaves of the peach, and in the
cherry laurel, from the leaves of which it is distilled.
It is the most violent poison known, death from com-
plete asphyxia being almost instantaneous. Valuable
for its sedative and antispasmodic effects in vomiting,
whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dose
mj-v. The following preparations are employed :
Aqua Laurocerasi, water distilled from the leaves of
the cherry laurel. Dose rriv-xxx, with caution.
Scheelcs Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid, is a 4 or 5 per cent,
solution; dangerous. Amygdala Amara, oil of bitter
almond ; used in cosmetics. A., Hydrocyanic, Vapor,
n\ x-xv of dilute acid in 5JJ of water, wanned and
the vapor inhaled to relieve irritable coughs. A.,
Hydrofluoric iHF), an aqueous solution of hydro-
fluoric gas, administered in dilute form as an inhalation
in phthisis and goiter. See Fluorin. A., Hydro-
sulphuric (H,S), an acid which, both in its pure and
gaseous form and in its watery solution, is much used
as a chemical reagent. The gas has been employed
by inhalation and by rectal injection in cases of tuber-
culosis. (See Bergeron's Method.) Called also Hydro-
gen Sulfid and Sulfydric Acid. A., Hydrurilic
(CgHgN^ ',. i, obtained by decomposing the copper salt

with IICI. Occurs in little prisms. A., Hyperosmic.
/ , Osmic. A., Hypochlorous (HCIO), an
unstable compound, important as a disinfecting and
bleaching agent. Some oi il te hypochloi

have a limited use in medicine. A., Hypophos-
phorous (HgP02), its salts (hypophosphites), also the
dilute at id, and a syrup prepared with it, are used as
remedial agents. (See Calcii Hypophosphis, Jerri
Hypopkosphis, Sodii Hypophosphi , /' ta Hi /fypophos-
phis). A., Igasuric, an acid occurring in St. Igna-
tius I lean and certain other plants ( ontaining stryt lmia.
It occurs in small, hard crystals with an acid, astrin-
gent taste. A., Indoxylic (CgH7N03), produced
from its ethyl ester by fusion with caw : a at

1800. Appears as a white crystalline mass, melting
at 1230. A., Iodic 11111 :, a monobasic acid. Its
solution (two per cent.) has been recommended as
an alterative subcutaneous injection. A., Isopropyl
Succinic. See ./ Pimelic. A., Isosaccharic
H]0O8), an acid very soluble in water and alcohol,
forming rhombic crystals, and melting at I.S50. Its
solution is dextro-rotatory. A., Kephalo-phosphoric,
a brain-acid differing from ordinary phosphoric acid
in that three molecules of its hydroxy] are replaced
by one molecule each of kepalyl, stearyl, and gly
ceryl. A., Lactic (HCsH503), a liquid containing
75 per cent, of absolute acid in 25 per cent, of
water. Produced in the fermentation of milk. Gen-
erally found impure from subsequent fermentation,
except when freshly made. Useful in aiding digestion,
in diabetes, and as a solvent of false membrane in
diphtheria. Dose Jss-^ss. A . I \ctic, Dil., (B. 1'
Dose JJss— ij. A., Lactonic (C6H,207), Galactonic
Acid, produced from milk-sugar, galactose, and gum
arabic by the action of bromin water. It crystallizes,
on standing over 1 1 ,S< ">4, in small needles. A., Leu-
conic (C505 -f- 4H2C), an acid produced by oxidiz-
ing croconic acid with HN03 or chlorin. Very
soluble in water; occurs in small, colorless needles.
A., Levulinicit ' \ I.< >.. 1, obtained from levulose, cellu-
lose, cane-sugar, etc. Isomeric with methyl aceto-
acetic acid; dissolves readily in water, alcohol, and
ether; crystallizes in scales that melt at 33-5°; boils
with slight decomposition at 2390. A., Linoleic
(C](J 1 ,.( >,\ occurs as glycerid in drying oils, such as
linseed oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. Pre-
pared by saponifying linseed oil with potash. It
is a yellowish oil that has a sp. gr. of 0.921. A.,
Maizenic, an acid derived from the stigmata (silk)
of Indian corn ; said to be a good diuretic. Unof.
A., Malic (C,1 1(.( >.), a bibasic acid, occurring free or in
the form of salts in many plant juices, in unripe appl
in grapes, and in mountain-ash berries. It forms de-
liquescent crystals, that dissolve readily in alcohol,
slightly in ether, and melt at Ioo° ; it has a pleasant
acid taste. A., Malonic (C3H4Ot), occurs in the
deposit found in the vacuum pan- employed in the 1
sugar manufacture ; obtained by the oxidation of malic
acid with chromic acid ; crystallizes in large tables
or laminae ; easily soluble in water, alcohol, and
ether ; melts at 13 2° ; at higher temperatures it decom-
poses into acetic acid and carbon dioxid. A., Man-
delic iC,II,( 11 OH .C02H . 1- formed from ben-
zaldehyd by the action of prussic acid and HC1.
( >btained naturally from amygdalin ; is levo-rotat
and forms brilliant crystals, melting at 132. S°. A.,
Mannitic (C6H1207), obtained by the action of plati-
num black upon aqueous mannitol. It is a very solu-
ble, gummy mass, and reduces Fehling's solution. A.,
Mannonic (C6H1207), produced by oxidizing man-
nose with bromin water. A., Meconic C.il <
a tribasic acid, occurring in opium in union with mor-

A< II >

ACID

phin. Crystallizes with 3H,0 in white laminae,

readily soluble in hot water and alcohol. Ferric salts
color the acid solution- dark red. A., Melilotic
(( ,1^ ill .( ill < i i.l I . ..cur- Tree and m com
liination with coumarin in the yellow melilot Crys
tallizes in long needles, dissolves easily in hot water,
and melts at 8l°. A., Mellitic i ^ ' , . 1 1 , , < I,,), occur- in
mellite or honey -tone, which is found in some lignite
beds. Honey -tone i- an aluminium salt of mellitic
acid, CjjAl^l i,, -- i > 1 1 * >. and affords large quadratic
pyramids of a bright yellow color. Mellitic acid crys-
tallizes in fine, silky needles, readily soluble in water and
alcohol; has a -our. hitter taste. A., Mellophanic

; I i ' i 1 1 . formed by the oxidation of isodurene.
\ rj soluble in cold water and crystallizes in small
prisms. Melts at 2400. A., Mesidic. See A,
(' A., Mesitylenic (< ',,1 !,„< >._,), obtained by

Lually oxidizing mesitylene with dilute HNO«
Crystalli/e- from alcohol in large prisms, from water
in needles. Melts at l66° and sublimes very readily.
A.. Metaphosphoric (HPOs), a glassy -olid, not
volatile by heat. It is freely soluble in cold water,
and is converted by boiling into orthophosphoric
acid. Used as a test for albumin in the urine. A.,
Metasaccharic I HI0O8), produced by oxidizing
arabinose carboxylic acid with HN03. Melt- at 68°
when air dried. A., Mucic (C6H10< K). is obtained in
the oxidation of dulcitol, milk-sugar, galactose, galac-
tonic acid and nearly all the gum varieties. A white

-talline powder, almost insoluble in cold water and
alcohol. It melts at 2100 with decomposition. A.,
Muriatic. See . /. , Hydrochloric. A., Myronic [fibpov,
unguent] (C10H19NS2O,0) , an acid that occurs as a
potassium salt in I of black mustard. Crystallizes

from water in bright needles. A., Nitric (HN( ',), a
liquid consisting of 68 per cent, absolute acid in 32

cent, of water. The pure acid is colorless, fum-
ing, and highly caustic. A very powerful escharotic,

i in cauterization of chancres and phagedenic
ulcer-. A., Nit., Dilute, contain- ten percent, abso-
lute acid. Dose n\tfj-xv, well diluted. A., Nitro-
hydrochloric. Aqua Regia, a golden yellow, fuming
mixture of four part- nitric and 15 of hydrochloric acid.
A ready solvent of gold. Valuable in affections of the
liver. Dose n\y-.xx, very dilute. A., Noropianic

il,'| 1, is obtained from opianic acid by heating
with hydriodic acid. Readily soluble in water; melt-
ing at 1 71 ° . A., Oleic i»',JI ;1< '._,), a constituent
acid present in many fats and oils. < obtained in the
manufacture of stearin candles. Soluble in alcohol,
benzol, and the essential oils; insoluble in water.
Saponifies when heated with alkaline bases. Used in
making the oleates. It is a colorless oil that crystal-
lizes on cooling. Melts at [40. Odorless in a pure
condition, but becomes rancid on exposure to the air.
A., Opianic (Cj0H,0O5), dimethyl ether of noropianic
acid. Crystallize- from hot water in fine prism
ing at 1500. A., Orsellinic (C8H804), 1- found in
different lichens of the genera A' ind /■

canora. Consists of easily soluble prisms, melting at
176°. A., Ortho-oxybenzoic. See A. Salicylic.
A., Orthophosphoric (II.I'i >,i, ordinary phosphoric
distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyro
phosphoric acids. A., Osmic (0s04), thi oxide "I
osmium, one of the rarer elements ; it occur- as yellow
crystal-, acrid, burning, yielding an intensely irritating
vapor; it has been recommended for hypodermatic use
in sciatica, strumous glands, and cancer. A., Osmic,
Liq.,one per cent. Dose rr^iv— vj,hypodermatically for
sciatica, neuralgia, etc. J'o/11 ium 0 mat: K ,1 ls( », •
2I I .< 1 1. given in epilepsy. I lose gr. ,.', . A., Oxalic
(C.jl.1',!, a colorless crystalline solid obtained by

treating sawdust with caustic soda and potash. It oc-
curs in many plants chiefly as potassium oxalate ; with

two pan- of water, it crystallizes in fine, transparent
monoclinic prisms that at 20° effloresce in dry air and

fall in a while powder. It is soluble in nine parts of
water at moderate temperature and quite easily in al-
cohol. In ', gr. doses a depressant to respiratory
center-. In large doses a violent poison. Unof. A.,
Oxamic (< '.,< >,i \'l I ,< >1 1 1 1, a monobasic acid occurring
as a crystalline powder that dissolves with difficulty in
cold water and melts at 173°. A., Oxyacetic. See.-/.,
Glycollic. A., Oxycitric (CgHgOg), i- produced by
boiling chlorcitric acid with alkalies or water. A., Oxy-
uvitic |C,,l[s( )), is produced by the action of chloro-
form upon sodium at cto at en, ester. Crystallizes from
hot water in fine needles, and melts with decomposition
at about 2900. A., Palmitic (< ',,.11 ,,< »., 1. an acid exist
ing as a glycerin ether in palm nil and in most of the
solid fats. It form- fine, white needles, or pearly crys-
talline scales. A., Palmitolic i< ',,.1 1 j >.i. an acid
that i- isomeric with linoleic acid ; melts at 420. A.,
Palmitoxylic (< ',,;I I.Jh< >,), a monobasic acid, produced
from palmitolic acid on heating with fuming lIN'i.
Melts at 670. A., Paracresotic (C8H9Os), a pre
paration from paracresylol. It is employed usually in
the form of its sodium -alt, ( „ll7\a< >3, which is a safe
and reliable antipyretic. It is especially of service in
the rheumatism of children. Dose, to children, gr. ij-
iij ; to adults up to gij. Unof. A., Paralactic. See .4.,
Sarcolactic. A., Paratartaric. See A., Racemic. A.,
Pelargonic (C,,I !,„< >._,), a complex ether that imparts
the specific flavor to geranium an.l certain other
aromatic oils. A., Perosmic. Same as ./., Osmic.
A., Phenylacetic (C6HvCH2.C02H ), Alphatoluic
Acid, obtained from benzyl cyan id when boiled with
alkalies. Crystallizes in shining leaflets, resembling
those of benzoic acid ; melts at 76.50. and boils at
2620. It is prescribed in coughs and tuberculosis; is
stimulant and antihectic. Dose of alcoholic solution
gtt. x-xx. Unof. A., Phenyl-propionic. See A.,
Hydrocinnamic . A., Phenyl Sulphate, a solution of
three gramme.- of phenol in 20 c.c. of strong sulphurii
acid. Used for the detection of nitrates in wati 1
A.. Phosphoric (H3P04), Orthophosphorii //./.con-
tain.- 50 per cent, each of acid and water. < )f value in
strumous affections, and thought to be serviceable in
dissolving phosphatic deposits. I la- none of the 1 RFei 1-
derived from free phosphorus or the hypophosphiti -
A., Phosphoric, Dilute, contain- ten per cent, of
absolute acid. Dose tTLv-xxx. See Sodium, Potas-
sium, Calcium, etc. A., Phosphorous (ILI't),), a
compound of hydrogen with phosphorus and hydro-
gen with phosphorus anhydrid. It- salts are
called phosphites. A., Phthalic (C8H604), the or-
tho-dicarboxylic acid of benzene, obtained by oxidiz-
ing naphthalene with HNOj. It crystallizes in short
prisms or in leaflets readil) soluble in hot water, alco-
hol, and ether. It melt- at above200°. See Phihalate.
A., Picric (< ',.11 ,(N02)3OH 1, obtained by the nitration
of phenol. It crystallizes from hot water and alcohol
in yellow leaflets or prisms which possess a very bitter
Readily soluble in hot water, its solution im-
parting a beautiful yellow color to silk and wool. It
melts at 122. 50 ; a saturated solution 1- of some value
1 wash in erysipelas. An excellent test for albumin
and sugar in urine. Dose gr. v— xv. A., Pimelic
|C.II|.,< ),), [sopropyl Succinic Acid, melts at 1140. A.,
Piperic i < ",., 1 1 ,,/ >, 1 , a monobasii consisting ol

shining prisms ; almost insoluble in water, and crystal
lizes from alcohol in long needle-, melting at 2170. It
1- produced from piperin by boiling with alcoholic
potash. A., Porrisic. See ./., Euxan'hinic. A.,

ACID

33

ACID

Prehnitic (Cj0H„< >8), results from oxidizing prehnitol
with potassium permanganate. Very soluble in water,
and crystallizes in warty masses that melt at 238°. A.,
Propargylic. See A., Propiolic. A., Propiolic.
(C.,II.,< )._,), Propargylic Acid, a liquid with an odor re-
sembling that of glacial acetic acid ; when cool, it
solidifies to silky needles, that melt at -f- 6°; dissolves
readily in water, alcohol, and ether; boils with de-
composition at 1440. A., Protocatechuic (C7II,.< >,),
obtained from many benzene derivatives as well as
from various resins (benzoin, asafetida, myrrh) on
fusion with potassium hydroxid. Crystallizes with
one molecule of water in shining needles or leaflets,
and dissolves readily in hot water, alcohol, and ether.
A., Prussic. See .-/., Hydrocyanic. A., Purpuric
(C8H5N506), an acid not known in the free state,
-nice as soon as it is liberated from its salts by mineral
acids it immediately decomposes into alloxan and
uramil. Produced by the action of HNOa upon uric
acid. A., Pyrogallic (C6H803), pyrogallol, formed
by heating gallic acid with water to 2100 It forms
white leaflets or needles, melts at 115°, and sublimes
when carefully heated. Readily soluble in water, less
so in alcohol and ether. It is useful in the treatment
of certain skin diseases, but is poisonous, and must be
used with caution. A., Pyroligneous, the crude
acid obtained in the destructive distillation of wood.
It is a clear liquid of reddish-brown color and strong
acid taste, with a peculiar penetrating odor described as
empyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it contains.
It possesses a sp. gr. of from 1. 018 to 1. 030, and
contains from four to seven per cent, of real acetic
acid. A., Pyromellitic (C10H6O„), is produced by
oxidizing durene and durylic acid with potassium per-
manganate. Crystallizes in prisms, readily soluble in
hot water and alcohol, melts at 2640. A., Pyrophos-
phoric, the- dihydric phosphate (2H2O.P2Od), one of
the forms of the so-called phosphoric acid. It differs
from the ordinary (trihydric or orthophosphoric) acid,
and also from the monohydric, or metaphosphoric,
acid, in its reactions. It is also poisonous, which they
are not. Its iron salt is used in medicine. The pure
acid is a soft, glassy mass. A., Pyrotartaric (C5H8-
04), is obtained by heating tartaric acid in a close
vessel ; consists of small, rhombic prisms, readily solu-
ble in water, in alcohol, and in ether ; it melts at 112°.
A., Pyruvic (CgH403), a monobasic acid forming
crystalline compounds with the acid alkaline sulphites.
A., Quillaic, an acid existing in commercial sa-
ponin. Injected into the tissues it is said to be ex-
tremely poisonous, though not when taken by the
mouth. Unof. A., Quinaldinic (C9H6N(C02H) ),
crystallizes from hot water in needles containing
2H20 ; effloresces in the air; melts at 1560. Prepared
by oxidizing «-methyl-quinolin with chromic acid in
sulphuric acid solution. A., Quinic (C-H1206), is
present in the cinchona barks, coffee beans, bilberry,
and other plants. Obtained as a secondary product in
the preparation of quinin. Consists of rhombic
prisms, easily soluble in water ; melting at 1620. A.,
Quininic (C9H5(< ».CH?)N(C< >2H) ), obtained byoxi-
dizing quinin and quinidin with chromic acid in sul-
phuric acid solution. Crystallizes in long, yellow
prisms ; dissolves in alcohol with a blue fluorescence,
and melts at 2800. A., Racemic (C4H606), Para-
tartaric Acid, differing from common tartaric acid,
not in chemical but in physical properties. A.,
Rheinic. See .-/., Chrysophan'ic. A., Rhodanic
(CgHjSjON), obtained by the action of CNS(NH4)
upon chloracetic acid. Consists of yellow prisms, or
plates, that melt at 1690 with decomposition. A..
Ricinoleic iClt,H340:t), is present in castor oil in the
3

form of a glycerid. It is a colorless oil that solidifies
in the cold to a hard, white mass, melting at 16-17°.
A., Rosolic !< '._,,,! !,,.( », 1, a phenol compound, derived
from rosanilin ; valued as a dye and as a staining
agent. See Stains. A., Rufigallic 1 < , 1 1 1 _ « * _ 2II,-
0), a derivative of anthracene; obtained by heating
gallic acid with four part- of 1 1 .,S< >, to 140°. Com
of reddish brown crystals, losing water at 120°, and
subliming in red needles. A., Saccharic. 1. Acidum
baricum (C6H10O8),a dibasic acid ; a deliquescent,
gummy mass, readily soluble in alcohol. It turns
brown at ioo° and decomposes. Prepared by the
action of HN< >., on sugar and various other 1 arbohy-
drates. 2. (C6H1206), Tetraoxycaproic Acid, a mono-
basic acid readily changeable, when free, into its
lactone, saccharin. Not known in its free state. A.,
Saccharonic i< 6H1(>07), formed by oxidizing sac-
charin by ll.\< '.. Very soluble in water; forms large
crystals. A., Salicylic (C,H6Oa . Ortho-oxybenzoic
A id, occurs in a free condition in the buds of Spircea
L'lmaria, in the oil of wintergreen, and in other varie-
ties of gaultheria. It consists of four-sided prisms and
crystallizes readily from hot water in long needles.
Is soluble in water, and very soluble in chloroform ;
melts at I55°-I56°. Is a powerful antiseptic ; also used
in the treatment of acute articular rheumatism and my-
algia. A., Santoninic | Ci: 1 1 ,n< i( 1 , an acid into which
santonin is changed under the influence of the alkalies.
A., Sarcolactic |C.II,.<> . 1, occurs in muscles, to
which it gives their acid reaction, and in blood, espe-
cially after the muscles have been in a state of contract-
ing activity. It is also found in urine in phosphorus
poisoning. A. Sclerotinic. An acid found in ergot,
of which it is one of the active principles. Given, \v.
dermically it has acted as an ecbolic. See Sclerotis.
A., Sorbic (C6H802), occurs together with malic acid
in the juice of unripe mountain-ash berries. An oil that
does not solidify until it has been heated with pota-h ;
almost insoluble in cold water, but crystallizes from
alcohol in long needles, melting at 134. 50, distilling
at 228° without decomposition. A., Sozolic. See
Aseptol. A., Sphingostearic, an acid closely re-
sembling stearic acid, derivable from sphingomyelin.
A., Stearic (C18H.!602), associated with palmitic and
oleic acids as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats,
the tallows ; crystallizes from alcohol in brilliant leaf-
lets, melting at 62. 2° C. A., Stearoleic (< ,.ll..02),
obtained from oleic and elaidic acids. Meltsat4S°. A.,
Stearoxylic (C]8H.J904), produced by wanning stearo-
leic acid. Melts at 86°. A., Suberic iC.Il,.'
a dibasic acid obtained by boiling corks or fatty oils
with HN< >... Melts at I40°C. Forms small granular
crystals very soluble in boiling water, in alcohol, and
in ether. It fuses at about 300° F., and sublimes
in acicular crystals. A., Succinic (C4H604), an
acid prepared by the distillation of amber, and arti-
ficially in many other ways ; occurs in certain hydatid
cysts of the liver; diuretic, stimulant, and antispasmo-
dic. Unof. A., Sulfydric. See A., Hydrosulphuric.
A., Sulphanilic (C6H4(NH2).SOsH . obtained by
heating anilin 11 part) with fuming HjS< >, - parts
1S00 until SO., appears. Crystallizes in rhombic plates
with one molecule of water, which 1 in the

air. A., Sulphichthyolic, an acid that app
to be the principal component of commercial ichthyol.
It-, sodium, ammonium, lithium, and zinc salts have
been highly praised as efficacious in cystitis, nephritis,
and diabetes. 1 )ose i;rs. iss in pill or capsule. A.,
Su'rphocarbolic (C6H6HS04), phenyl bisulphate,
formed by the union of carbolic and sulphuric acids.
Its salts, the sulpho-carbolates, are used in medicine
as intestinal antiseptics, etc. See Aseptol. A.,

ACID

34

ACID1FICA 1 I. >\

Sulphonic. See I U .'. A., Sulphoricineolic, an
acid prepared from castor oil acted upon by sulphuric

acid. It is a thick syrup, thai has the power of
dissolving and emulsifying many substances; recom-
mended lor pharmaceutical uses. A., Sulphuric
(H,S04), Oil f Vitri .. a heavy, oily, corrosive ai
consisting of not less than 112.5 I"' sulphuric

anhydrid and 7.5 per cent, ol water. Of value in
had poisoning. Sometimes used as a caustic. A.,
Sulph.. Aromatic, contains 20 per cent, acid, diluted
with alcohol and flavored with cinnamon and ginger.
Dose rr^v-xv. A., Sulph., Dilute, contains ten per
cent, strong acid to 90 of water. Dose lt^x— xv, well
diluted. A., Sulphurous 1 I I >' >s), a colorless acid
containing about 6.4 per cent, of sulphurous anhv
drid in 93.6 per cent, of water. The gas (S02)
i- a very valuable disinfectant. The acid is used as
a sprav or lotion in diphtheria, stomatitis, and as a
wash for indolent and syphilitic ulcers. The various
hyposulphites are mainly valuable in that they de-
compose and give off sulphur dioxid. Dose lt\v-
zj. See, also, Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium.
A., Tannic (Cj4H10< ),,), Tannin, an astringent acid
obtained from nutgalls, occurring in yellowish, scaly
crystals. Soluble in water and alcohol. Internally it
is an antidote in poisoning by alkaloids and tartar
emetic, and in hemorrhoids and catarrh of mucous
membrane. Useful mainly as an astringent lotion in
many skin diseases. Dose gr. j-xx. A., Tan.,
Glycerit, one part tannin in four of glycerin. A.,
Tan., Suppositories, one part of tannin to live of
butter of cacao. A., Tan., Troches, each contain
Yz gr. of tannic acid. A., Tan., Unguent, a
ten per cent, ointment of the acid incorporated
with benzoated lard. A., Tartaric 1 1 ul 1 10< >,,). an
astringent acid, chiefly employed in refrigerant drinks
and in baking powders; 20 grains neutralize 27 of
potassium dicarbonate, 22 of sodium dicarbonate, and
15 ', of ammonium carbonate. Dose gr. x-xxx.
Widely distributed in the vegetable world, and occurs
principally in the juice of the grape, from which it
deposits after fermentation in the form of acid potas-
sium tartrate (argol). It results on oxidizing sac-
charic acid and milk sugar with 1 1 N( >.,. It crystallizes
in large monoclinic prisms, which dissolve readily in
water and alcohol, but not in ether, it melts at 1670-
1700. Its salts are the tartrates. A., Tartronic (< '.,-
H,< ).), occurs in large prisms that are easily soluble
in water, alcohol, and ether. It melts at 1840 C.
Produced from glycerol by oxidation with potassium
permanganate. A., Taurocholic (<_'.,, 1 1 ,-\< >S.),
occurs in bile ; very soluble in water and alcohol ;
crystallizes in line needles. A., Teracrylic (C-M,.,-

. obtained by the distillation of terpentic acid. It
is an oily liquid, with an odor resembling that of val-
eric acid, and boiling at 2080 without decomposition.
A., Terebic (C-H10O4), a monobasic acid formed
when turpentine oil is oxidized with UNO,. Spar-
ingly soluble in cold water, crystallizes in shining
prisms, and melts at 1750. A., Tetraoxycaproic.
See A., Saccharic. A., Tetraoxyvaleric. See
A., Arabonic. A., Thebolactic (CgH608), a crys
talline principle obtained from opium. A., Tide

' id tul \. See Tide. A., Trichloracetic (Il< .
' . an acid formed from acetic acid, three atoms
of the hydrogen of which is fin the n> cid replaced
by chlorin. It is considered one of the besi reagents
for the detection of albumin in the urine, and is a
valuable caustic, > foi rhinopharyngoTogical

purposes. A., Trichlorlactic < ll<>' . made
by heating chloralcyanhydrin with concentrated MCI.
It is a crystalline mass that melts at from I050 to IIO°.

Soluble in water, in alcohol, and in ether. A.,
Tricyanic (( \'UI 1. Cyanuric Acid, obtained
from tricyanogenchlorid by boiling the latter with
water and alkalies, it crystallizes from aqueous solu-
tion with two molecules oi water in large rhombic
prism--, soluble in 40 parts of cold water; easily solu-
ble in hot water and in alcohol. A., Trimesic
H608), formed when mesitylenic and uvitic acids are
oxidized with a chromic acid mixture. Crystallizes in
shot! prisms, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol,
melts about }00°, and sublimes near 2400. A., Tropic
i«,,ll' ,ll:.< >ll).t t'.lli. obtained by digesting the
alkaloids, atropin, and belladonna with baryta water.
Slowly soluble in water; crystallizes in needles or
plates, anil nulls at II70. A., Umbellic (C6H8OJ,
obtained by digesting umbelliferon with caustic potash,
and then precipitating with acids. It is a yellow
powder, decomposing at about 2400. A., Undecolic
((',, I l|s< 1, ,). obtained from the bromid of undecylenic
acid, [t fuses at 59.50. A., Uric (C6H4N408), an
acid found in the urine of man and the carnivora —
rarely in the herbivora — abundantly in the excrement
of birds, reptiles, and molluscs. < rvstallizes in small,
white, rhombic crystals, insoluble in alcohol and ether,
soluble in 1900 parts of boiling water, and in hydro-
chloric acid. Exists usually in combination with the
metals of the alkaline group. Separated from urine
by adding ten per cent, of hydrochloric acid and allow-
ing the crystals to settle for 48 hours, when the}' may
be separated and weighed. Haycraft's method is a
more exact but extended process. A., Uric, Murexid,
Test for. See Murexid. A., Uroleucic (C,,II10-
05) \uro-, leuciri\, a stellate, crystalline acid found in
the urine in alkaptonuria. A., Uvitic (C9H804),
Mesidic Acid, obtained by oxidizing mesitylene with
dilute HN0S. Crystallizes from hot water in needles,
melting at 2S70. A., Valeric (C6H10O2), formed by
oxidizing normal amy] alcohol. Similar to butyric acid,
but is more sparingly soluble in water; boils at 1860 ;
sp. gr. at o° is 0.9568. It congeals in the cold and melts
at 200. A mobile liquid with caustic acid taste and
the pungent smell of old cheese. Its salts have been
somewhat used in medicine. A., Veratric ((',,1 I|M< >,),
occurs with veratrin in the sabadilla seeds ; crystallizes
from hot water in short, white, transparent needles,
melting at 179-5° C- '■> soluble in water and alcohol.
A., Vulpic (C]9HU< >,), occurs in the lichen Cetraria
vulpina, from which it may be extracted by chloroform
or lime water. Sparingly soluble in water and ether,
crystallizes from alcohol in yellow prisms, melting at
I IO° and subliming. A., Xa'nthic (C2H6.O.CS.SH),
a heavy, oily liquid, not soluble in water, with a pene-
trating smell and a sharp, astringent taste, many of
whose salts have a yellow color. A., Xylic (C6H8-
l'< !H8)2.CO»H), produced by the oxidation of pseudo-
cumene. Crystallizes from alcohol in long prisms ;
dissolves with difficulty in water ; nulls at i2o°C., and
sublimes readily. A., Xylidic (CBH804), obtained
by oxidizing xylic acid with dilute HN08; separates
from boiling water in llocculent masses ; melts at 2N20.

Acida \,rd -itl-ali) [I..]. Plural of Acidum, q.v.

Acid-Albumin {as'-id alf-bu-miri). A derived albu-
min. A proteid having been acted upon or dissolved
in the stronger acids, and yielding an acid reaction.

Acidiferous [as-id-if '-er-u ) [<i<idre///, acid; ferre, to
bear]. Containing an acid; producing acidity,

Acidifiable (at id' if-i a bl) \a> idum, acid ; fieri, to be-
come]. Capable of becoming an acid, or of becoming
sour.

Acidification {as-id-if-ik-a' -shun) [acidum, acid \farere,
to make]. Conversion into an acid; the process of
becoming sour.

ACIDI METER

3f>

ACI I >S

Acidimeter (as-id-im'-et-er) [acidum, acid ; piirpov, a
measure]. An instrument for performing acidimetry.

Acidimetry (as-id-im'-et-re) [acidum,&cvi; fierpov, a
measure]. Determination of the free acid in a solu-
tion bv an acidimeter, or by chemical reactions.

Acidity [as-idf -it-e) [acidu?nf acid]. The quality of
being acid ; sourness ; excess of acid.

Acidology (as-id-ol'-o-je) [antr, a bandage, a point;
/a) or, a treatise]. The science of surgical appliances.

Acidometry ias-id-omf-et-re). S 'imetry.

Acidopeirastic {as-id-o-pi-ras' -tik) [ii»f, a point;
Keipa&iv, to test]. See Akidopeirastic.

Acidosteophyte (as-id-os'-te-o-fit) [cwac»a point ; o
phyte]. A sharp, or needle-shaped, osteophyte.

Ac'ids, Aromatic. Acids derived by replacing hydro
gen in the benzenes by carboxyls. They are crystalline
solids that generally sublime undecomposed. Most of

them dissolve with difficulty in water. A., Diazo.
See Diazo Acids. A., Dibasic, acids containing two
carboxyl groups. I bey are solids, crystallizable, and

rally volatile without decomposition. Thej
mostly soluble in water and have a .-tronLj acid reaction.
See Table. A., Fatty, a class of monobasic acid-,
formed by the oxidation of the primary alcohols
more complex fatty a< id-, are found in all ojeagin
compounds, where they exist combined with glycerin,
forming fats. The fatty acids have a general formula
CnH2n02. See /(//'/,■. A., Monobasic, products of
the replacement by oxygen of the two hydrogen atoms
i to the carbon-carrying oil. These acids
enter into combination with a univalent basic radical
to fond a neutral salt, or a salt containing one equiva-
lent of a base. A., Organic, acids characterized by
the carboxyl group CO.OH.

TABLE OF DIBASIC ACIDS OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS.

i. FIRST SERIES. CnH2n-204.

Name.

Formula.

Physical
Condition.

Melting

Point.

(Centigrade.)

Solubility.

C0H.O4

Solid.

101°

Slowly in water. Easily in alcohol.

C3H404

Solid.

132°
1 8o°

112°

Easilv in water, alcohol, ether.

C4H0O4

Solid.

Slowlv in water and alcohol.

C5H804

Solid.

Readilv in water, alcohol, ether.

CoH^Ci

Solid.

I480

Slowly in water.

C7H12O4

Solid.

102-104°

C8Hi404

Solid.

140°

Slowly in water. Readily in alco-

hol, ether.

Lepargylic (Azelaic), ......

C9H10O4

Solid.

1060

Slowly in water.

C10H1SO4

Solid.

1 27°

C11H011O4

Solid.

10S0

Almost insoluble in water.

CnH3._>04

Solid.

132°

C19H30O4

Solid.

121°

2. SECOND SERIES. UNSATURATED DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. CdH2d— t Q4.

C4H4O4

Solid.

. . .

Almost insoluble in water.

Maleic,

C4H4O4

Solid.

130°

Readily soluble in water.

Ethidene Malonic

C5H5O4

Solid.

220°

. . .

Citraconic

C5H5O4

Solid.

So0

CsHe04

Solid.

1610

Slowly soluble in water

C5HC04

Solid.

202°

Slowly soluble in w ater.

CJI.n,

Solid.

1030

CoHg04

Solid.

. . .

CGH304

Solid.

195°

SI. iwly soluble in water.

C6H804

Only exists in the
salts.

• • •

Allvl Succinic,

C7Hi,,04

Solid.

94°

C;H10O4

Solid.

69°

. . .

Teraconic ....

C7H10O4

Solid.

1620

. . .

CSH1204

. . .

• • •

ACIDS

36

ACIDS

lAl'.l 1 OF DIBASIC ACIDS OF Till' 1 VITY COMl'ol'XDS.-CoH/y/iW.

3. THIRD SERIES. CnH2n-604.

Name

IRMULA.

Physical

Condition.

Melting

P( 'INI'

(Centigrade )

Solubility.

C4HJO4

Solid.

»75°

. . .

:U>4

>.>lid.

145-146°

nil . ....

. . .

Solid.

260°

. . .

. . .

Solid.

t33°

Diacetylene Dicarboxylic, . . .

C6H,(>,

Solid.

• ■ •

Readily soluble in water, alcohol,
ether.

Tetra-acetylene Dicarboxylic, . .

CiqHj* >4

Solid.

• • •

. . .

4. KETONE DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS.

CsH205

Solid.

115°

C4H405

. . .

CjHfiOs

. . .

. . .

. . .

ml- I dicarboxylic

CsHsO.,

Solid.

130°

Readily soluble in water and ether.

Acetosuccinic,

CcH(iOo

Solid.

244-245°

■ • •

C7HU1O5

■ • ■

. . .

5. DIKETONE-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS.

CeHfiOe

Solid.

77°

C7H809

Liquid.

CgHioOo

Solid.

78°

. . .

6. URIC ACID GROUP (CARBAMIDES OF THE DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS).

Parabanic Acid (Oxalyl Urea), . .

C3HoN203

Solid.

Soluble in water and ether.

Oxaluric Acid,

C3H4No04

Solid.

Slowly soluble in water.

Barbituric Acid (Malonyl Urea), .

C4H4N2O3 Solid.

. . .

. . .

Dialuric Acid (Tartronyl Urea), . C4H4N_< >, Solid.

• • •

Alloxan (Mesoxalyl Urea) C4H;.N\.< >4

Solid.

. . .

Readily soluble in water.

C5H4N403

Solid.

Insoluble in alcohol and ether.

Slowly soluble in water.

C6H.,N I I

Solid.

Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether.

C7H8N402

Solid.

290°

Slowly soluble in hot water and

alcohol.

Caffein (Thein),

C8Hi„N402

Solid.

225°

Slightly soluble in cold water and

alcohol.

TABLE OF FATTY ACIDS.

FIRST SERIES. Cn

H2n Oo.

FIRST SERIES.—

Continued.

-
<

<

0:

0

■-

- -

1 ING

Point.

ade.)

Bl 'II IN'.
POINl

(Centigrade.)

Specific
Gravity.

Name.

Formula.

Physical

Condi 1 n in.

Mil TING
Pi 1 1 NT.

Bl 'II. ING

Poin r.
(Centigrade. 1

a >

U. H
X <

ft. ft<
too

Formic, . . -

CH

Liquid.
Liquid.
Liquid.

. . .

1.223

Valerianic, . .

Liquid.

Liquid.

—20°

186°

Acetic, ....

CjH

. . .

118°

Caproic, . . .

CeHjoOo

- 2°

205°

0.928

Propionic, . .

C3II

. . .

1400

0.9587

Enanthylic, .

C7Hi4( >■_,

CgH^cOj

Liquid.

Liquid.

-10.5°

223°

C4HgOs

Liquid,

• •

1630

Caprylic, . . .

236-5°

ACIDULATED 37 ACIPENSER

TABLE OF FATTY ACIDS.— Continued.

FIRST SERIES.— Continued. SECOND SERIES.— Continued.

s

<

z

<

-1

D

X
3
—

Physical
Condition.

Mm riNG

Point.
(Centigrade.)

Boiling

P( 'INT.

i ( , ntigrade.)

Specific

Grayi 1 Y.

Name.

•<
j

■?.

0

Physical

Condition.

" 5

Bon in'.
Poin 1
1 tigrade.)

- >

u <
■- X
WO

Pelargonic, .

C9HW02

Liquid.

12°

253-5°

Pyroterebic, .

C0H10O0

C7H

C9H10O2

Liquid.
Liquid.
Liquid.

Capric, . . .

ClnH-jjOo

Solid.

31-4°

268°

Teracrylic, . .

. . .

208°

Undecylic, . .

Cur I'>>0»

Solid.

28..S0

212°

Nonylenic, . .

• - •

• ■ •

Laurie, . . .

C12HJ4O2

Solid.

43-6°

269°

Decylenic, . .

CioHi802

Solid.

+ 10°

. . .

Tridecylic,

CisHncOj

Solid.

40-5°

235°

Campholic,

CioHi-< >j

95°

• • •

Myristic, . . .

ChH^Oo Solid.

54°

. . .

Undecylenic, .

Cull

. . .

24-5°

275°

Pentadecatoic,

CisHaO-. Solid.

51°

257°

Cyminic, . . .

C15II

. . .

. . .

Palmitic, . . .

C16H30O2

Solid.

Solid.

62°

Hypogaeic, . .

ClijH3o02

Solid.

33°

• • •

Margaric, . .

CnHs-jOo

60°

Oleic

CigHjiOo

Liquid.

.

Stearic, • . .

CigH ' >-

Solid.

62.20

Elai'dic, . . .

C18H34O2

Solid.

44-45°

Nondecylic, .

C19H3-O2

Solid.

65-5°

Doeglic, . . .

C^H^On

• • •

Arachidic, . . CooH^Oo

Solid.

75°

Erucic, . . .

L22H4202

Solid.

33-34°

Medullic, . .

C21H40O2

Solid.

72°

Brassidic, . .

Cout^Oo

Solid.

56°

Behenic, . . .

C02H44O0

Solid.

73°

Lignoceric, .

C24H48O2

Solid.

80.50

THIRD SERIES. PROPIOLIC ACIDS. CnH2n-l02.

Hyenic, . . . C2oHr,nO.,

Solid.

77°

Propiolic, . .

C3H200

Liquid.

+ 6° [ 144°

Cerotic, • • • 1 C27H5402

Solid.

79°

Tetrolic, . . .

C4H402

Solid.

76° 203°

Melissic, ... C30H00O0

Solid.

88°

Sorbic, ....

C6H802

Liquid.

I34.50 228°

Theobromic, . C^H^On

Solid.

72°

Diallylacetic,

C8H1202

Liquid.

. . . 221°

1

Undecolic, . .

CnHi802

, . -

SECOND SERIES. OLEIC ACIDS. CnH2n-2 02

Palmitolic, . .

CnjHogOo

Solid.

42° i . . .

Acrylic, . . .

C3H402

C4HGO2

Liquid.

+ 7°

139-5°

Stearoleic, . .

CigH3202

Solid.

48° ...

1

Crotonic, . . .

Solid.

720

182°

• •

Linoleic, . . .

C1SH30O2

Liquid

0

921

Angelic, . . .

C5Hs02

Solid.

45°

185°

•

Behenolic, . .

C22H40O0

Solid.

57.5°; ...; ••

Acidulated {as-id'-u- la-ted) [acidulare, to make sour].
Somewhat sour or acid ; sourish.

Acidulous (as-id '-u-lus) [acidulare, to make sour].
Sourish ; subacid ; moderately sour.

Acidum [asf-id-um) [I..]. See Acid.

Acidurgia (as-id-ur* -je-aK) . See Aciurgia.

Acies [a'-she-ez) [L., sharpness, edge, steel]. I.
Sharpness; keenness. 2. A sharp or cutting instru-
ment. 3. Iron or steel as a medicine.

Acinaceous (as-in-a'-she-us) [acinus, a berry or grape-
stone]. Possessing or made of kernels, small seeds,
or drupelets, as a grape or raspberry.

Acinacifolious (as-iti-as-if-o/-le-us) [acinaces, a simi-
tar; folium, a leaf]. In biology, having simitar-shaped
leaves.

Acinaciform (as-in-asf -e-forni) [acinaces , a simitar ;
formis, shape]. In biology, a leaf, pod, or other
object, having one straight, thick edge, and one thin
and convex ; simitar-shaped.

Acinarious \as-in-a' '-re-us) [acinus, the grape]. In
biology, having the surface covered with grape-like
vesicles, as in certain alga?.

Acinesia [at-in-e1 '-ze-afi) [a priv. ; Ktvijatg, motion].

Motor paralysis. A loss of motion in any or all parts
of the body; abstinence from motion. Also, the in-
terval between consecutive throbs of the heart. See
also Diastole.

Acinesis [as-in-ef-sis). Same as Acinesia.

Acinetan {as-in-e'-tan) [aishnjTOQ, motionless]. An in-
fusorian having suctorial, tubular processes instead of
cilia ; one of the Acineta.

Acinetatrophia (as-in-ct-at-ro' -fe-ali) [acinesis : atro-
phia^. Atrophy due to lack of exercise.

Acinetic [as-in-e? -ik) [aKivnrog, motionless]. Relating
to, or affected with, acinesia.

Acinetiform [as-in-ef '-e-forni) . In biology, an acine-
tan-like infusorian.

Acini ias'-in-i) [L.]. Plural of Acinu . q. v.

Aciniform (as-in'-e-form) [acinus, a grape]. Grape-
like.

Acinus [as'-in^us) [acinus, a grape: pi.. Acini"]. Any
one of the smallest lobules of a conglomerate gland ;
:i saccule of a compound racemose gland ; a lobule of
the liver, etc.

Acipenser (as-e-pen' '-scr) [auciuiri/oiog, the sturgeon]. A
genus of fishes. A. huso. See Ickthyocolla.

At I II \>1 RID

.;-

At "Mil M

Acipenserid [as pen' i r-id) \Juawn i . the stur-
geon]. A member <>t the family Acip A

sturgeon.

Acipenseroid [as-e-p [ tin- stur-

u]. In biol< | mbling the sturgeon.

Aciurgia [as-e-t . >r Aciurgy >e) [a/ac,

point; i work]. Operative surgery.

Ack'ermann's An'gles. Sec ./<■

Aclastic Hi) [a priv. ; kXoeiv, to break]. Not

refracting.

Acleitocardia (ah-ili-to-iar1 '-de-ah) [a priv. ; k) ,to
a, the heart]. Imperfect closure of the
foramen ovale, a fetal opening between the auricles of
the heart, which prevents perfect aeration oi the bio
It i- thought tube connected with the disease variously
known as cyanopathy; " Blue Disease," " Blue Jaun-
dice,"

Acmastic [ai-mas/-tii) [aKuaoriicdg, in full bloom].
Having no acme, or culminating point (said of fevers) ;
continuous.

Acme >,;<■'-//!, ) ['/>>/",, a point]. The critical stage of a
disease ; the crisis. The highest point or degree of
anything.

Acmon (aJP-mon) [axfiuv, an anvil]. The incus.

Acne (a/i-'-uc) [axvfy, a point]. Acne vulgaris ; Varus;
a very common, usually chronic, inflammatory disease
of the sebaceous glands, occurring mostly about ihe
face, chest, and back. The lesions may be papular,
pustular, or tubercular. It occurs usually between the
ages of puberty and twenty-four years, is usually worse
in winter, and is associated with menstrual and gastro-
intestinal troubles. The individual lesions consist of
minute pink, acuminate papules or pimples, in the
center (jf which is a black-topped comedo {A. punctata,
A. papulosa). A. adenoid. See Lupus, Dissemin-
ated Follicular. A. adolescentium. Synonym
of A. vulgaris. A. albida. Synonym oi Milium.
A. artificialis, that form that disappears when the
cause is removed. A. atrophica. Synonym of A.
varioliformis. A. cachecticorum, a form occurring
only in starved or debilitated persons after long, wast-
ing diseases, as phthisis. It consists of tlat, livid,
acneiform papules and pustules without comedones,
.king in deep pigmented scars. They are situated
chiefly on the trunk and lower extremities. A.
ciliaris, acne at the edges of the eyelids. A. dis-
seminata. Synonym of A. vulgaris. A. erythe-
matosa. Synonym of A. rosacea. A. frontalis.
Synonym of ./. varioliformis. A. generalis, acne
that has become general over the surface of tin- body.
A. hypertrophica, stage of A. rosacea in which
re is a permanent, intensely red, non-inllammatory,
lulated thickening of tin- tips and sides of the nose,
Hiding it, both laterally and longitudinally. A.
indurata, a variety "I . /. vulgaris, characterized by
chronic, livid induration-, the result o sive peri-

follicular infiltration. Especially seen in strumous
subjects. A. keloid. See Dermatitis papilloma

illitii. A. keratosa, a ran- form of acne in which
a homy plug takes the place of the comedone, and by
it- | iresence excites inflammation. A. mentagra.
■ is. A. necrotica. Synonym of A. vario-
■mis. A. papulosa. See Acne. A. picealis,
Tar Acne; a form of dermatitis that involves chiefly
the extensor -urfaces of the limb-, common in fiber-
dressers who work with paraffin and in persons
otherwise brought in contact with tar or its vapor.
A. punctata, a variety of . /. vul, aris. See Acne.
A. pustulosa, a variety of A. vulgaris, characterized
by dermic abscesses. A. rodens. Synonym of /.
varioliformis. A. rosacea. Rosacea ; I 'asis

faciei ; Ncevus araneus ; Brandy Nose ; Whisky Xose ;

Spider Nevus; Spider Cancer. A chronic, hyperemic,

or inflammatory affection of the skin, situated usually
upon tli.- face, especially the nose, clucks, forehead,

and chin. It -tarts a- a lcdness, which later becomes

permanent and is then associated with die develop-
ment ot papules, pustules, and varicose vessels. In
the latest Stages there is an excessive formation of new
tissue. It- causes an- some reflex irritation of the

stomach, bowels, or sexual apparatus. Common in
drunkard-. A. scrofulosa, a varietj of ./. cachecti-
corum, that occurs in strumous children. A. sebacea.
Synonym oi Seborrhea. A. simplex, a variety
oi A. vulgaris. A. sycosiformis. Same as Syo
non-parasitica. A. tarsi, an inflammatory affec-
tion of the large sebaceous glands of tin- eyelashes
(Meibomian glands). A. varioliformis, a rather
rare disease, situated chiefly about tin- forehead, at the
junction with the hairy scalp, and extending into the
hair. It is especially abundant on the temples, and
may spread over the face and body. It is a disease of
adult life, but may occur before the age of twenty
years. The pustules appear in groups, and each has a
hard, central, necrotic scab, which presses into the
-kin, and when separated leaves a deep pit, at first
dark red, but eventually becoming white. It is a very
chronic disease, appearing in successive crops. Its
etiology is unknown. A. vulgaris. See Acne.

Acnemia [ai-ne/ -me-ak) [a priv. ; nvi/uii, leg]. De-
ficiency in the calf of the leg.

Acnitis \ai-ni'-tis) [<ni7/> a point ; trie, inflammation].
See Hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa.

Acce-. See Ace-.

Accelius (a/i-se'-le-us). See Acelius.

Acolasia (ah-o-la'-ze-ah) [aicofaioia, intemperance]. Un-
restrained self-indulgence ; lust ; intemperance.

Acolastic [ai-o-las' '-tii) [aicoXaaca, intemperance]. Due
to, or characterized by, acolasia.

Acology [ai-oP -o-je) [<koc, remedy ; '/o)or, adiscourse].
Aceology.

Acolous {ak-ko'-lus) [<i priv.; Kuikov, limb]. Having
no limbs.

Acomia [ah-ko'-me-alt) [apriv. ; k6ut}, hair]. Baldness.
A deficiency of hair arising from any cause.

Acomous (ah-ko'-mits) [a priv. ; kout/, hair]. Hairless,
bald.

Acondylose (ah-ion'-dil-ds). See Acondylous.

Acondylous [ah-ion' '-dil-us) [it priv. ; condyle"}. Hav-
ing no condyles ; having no joints.

Aconine (ai'-o-nln) [ukovitov'], C26H39NOu. A de-
composition product of aconitin.

Aconite (ai'-o-nlt). See Aconitum.

Aconitia (ak-o-nis/i'-e-a/i). Aconitin, or aconitina ; a
very poisonous alkaloid, the active principle of aconite.

Aconitic Acid (ak-o-nit'-ik). See Acid.

Aconiti folia (ai-o-ni-ti fo'-le-ah) [I-]. Aconite
leave-. Sec Aconitum. A. radix [ai-o-ni-ti ra'-dix),
aconite root. See Aconitum.

Aconitina [ai-on-it-i' '-nah). Same a- Aconitia. See
Aconitum.

Aconitum [ai-o-ni* -turn) [I..]. The root oi Aconitum
napellus. Possesses a bitter, pungent taste. Produces
numbness and pel istent tingling m tin- tongue and
lip-. It is very poisonous. Exerts great depression of
heart, respiration, circulation, and nerves. It is
antipyretic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The active prin-
ciple i- A., >nitin. Highly beneficial in fevers, acute
throat affections, and inflammation of the respiratory
organs. Dose gr. ss— ij. A. Abstractum, has double
the strength of the powdered drug, or it- fluid extract.
Dosegr. ', j. Unof. A. Extractum. Dosegr. '/£,-'/$.
A. Ext. Fid., has a strength of one drop to the grain
of powdered drug. Dose lrpl^-ij. A. Liniment

ACONURESIS

39

i \ I A

(B. P.), aconite-root, camphor, and rectified spirit.
A. Tinct., contains aconite 35, alcohol and water
each q. s. Dose lt\,^-iv. The following are un-
official: Aconitina (CgjH^NOjj) (aconitin), an
amorphous solid. Dose gr. ., J, ,--',,. A. ferox, a
plant of the Himalayas, used internally for pneumonia
and pleurisy; externally for neuralgia. Dose of the
tincture (I in 10) mj-v. A. Injectio Hypodermica,
one grain in yz ounce. Dose mj-iv. A. Napellina,
Dose gr. \-\. St. Jacob's Oil, a weak aconite lini-
ment. A. Oleatum, a two per cent, solution of aco-
nitin in oleic acid. A. Ung. (Li. P.), eight grains to
the ounce.

Aconuresis (ah-kon-u-rc' -sis) [a priv. ; conari, to
strive; obpt/mg, urination]. Involuntary discharge of
urine.

Acopa {ak' -o-pah). Plural of Acopon, q. v.

Acopia (ah-ko'-pe-ah) [d/coirta]. Freedom from weari-
ness.

Acopic (ah-kop'-ik) [see Acopia\ . Refreshing; restora-
tive ; restful.

Acopon (ak'-o-pon) [d priv. ; no-og, fatigue]. A re-
storative, or cordial medicine or application.

Acoprosis (ah-kop-rof-sis) [dpriv.; KOizpoq, excrement].
Deficient formation of feces.

Acor (a'-6or)[L.~\. Acrimony: acidity, as of the stomach.

Acorea (ah-ko-re'-ah) [dpriv. ; nop//, pupil]. Absence
of the pupil.

Acoretin (ak-o-re'-tin) [acorus ; prfrivi), resin]. A
resinous principle obtained from Acorus calamus.

Acona (ak-ko' '-re-ah) [d priv. ; nopog, satisfaction]. A
greedy or insatiable appetite.

Acorin (ak'-o-rin) [d priv.; nop/;, the pupil]. A bitter
glucoside obtained from Acorus calamus, or sweet flag.

Acormous (ah-kor'-mus) [d priv. ; noppoq, the trunk of
a tree]. Trunkless ; of the nature of an acormus.

Acormus (ah-kor'-mus) [d priv. ; Koppog, the trunk]. A
monster without a trunk or body.

Acorn [a'-korn ) [ L. ] . The fruit or nut of the oak. See
Cantata and Camaiina.

Acorn-cups (a'-korn-kups). The capsules in which
acorns are seated. See Valonia.

Acorus [ak'-o-rus) [a priv.; nopn, the pupil]. See
Calamus.

Acosmia (ah-koz' '-me-ak) [d priv. ; %6opot;t order]. I.
Poor health. 2. An irregularity in the course of a
disease.

Acotyledon (ah-kot-il-e' '-don) [d priv. ; ko7v~at]6uv, a
hollow vessel]. In botany, a plant producing an em-
bryo without seed-leaves or cotyledons.

Acotyledonous (a/i- kot-il-e' '-do-nus) [d priv. ; kotvAt/S&v
a hollow vessel]. Destitute of embryo or embryonic
leaves, or cotyledons.

Acouchi {ak-koo'-che). See Acuchi.

Acoumeter, or Acouometer (ak-koc/-met-er, a-koo-
om'-et-er) [aicovetv, to hear; uevpov, a measure]. An
instrument for measuring the acuteness of hearing.

Acoumetry (ah-koo'-met-rc) [anoveiv, to hear; iiirpni\a
measure]. The measurement or testing of the acute-
ness of the hearing.

Acouophonia (ah-koo-o-fo'-ne-ah) [(ikoveiv, to hear;
oui7/, sound]. Auscultatory percussion.

Acouoxylon \ah-koo-oks' -il-on) [aicoveiv, to hear; fwAov,
wood]. A wooden (pine) stethoscope.

Acousimeter (ah-koo-sim'-et-er) [anovatg, a hearing;
ufrrpov, a measure.] See Acoumeter.

Acousma [ak-koos/- or kowzr-mah) [anovo/ia, thing
heard: pi., Acousmata~\. An auditory hallucination ;
a condition in which imaginary sounds are noticed
by the patient, and are believed by him to be real.

Acoustic (ak-koos' '-tik or -kozvz' '-tik) [(ikovotikoc]. Relat-
ing to the ear or sense of hearing. A. Duct, the ex-

ternal meatus of the ear. A. Nerve, the portio mollis
of the seventh pair. See Nerves. A. Tetanus, the
rapidity of the induction shocks in a frog's qi ■
muscle preparation, as measured by the j.itch of a
vibrating rod. A. Tubercle, a rounded elevation on
either side of the floor of the fourth ventricle.

Acoustics (ak-koos1 '-tiks or a-kows' '-tiks) [aKovoruidc].
The science of sound.

Acquetta ( ak-wet'-tah ) [ Ital. ]. Same as Aqua
tofana.

Acquired Movements (ak-vnf-erd moov'-m.
Those brought under the influence of the will only after
1 1 inscious and attentive effort and practice, in distinction
from reacquired movements, those reinstated in their
former proficiency after injury to the motor n
the brain.

Acraepalous (ah-krep'-al-us). See Acrepalous.

Acramphibryous (ak-ram-fib' -ri-u ) [cucpog, at the
end; di/0'1, on both sides ; ipbov, blossom]. In biology,
pertaining to plants that produce lateral as well as ter-
minal bud-.

Acrania (ah-kra' '-ne-afi) [</ priv.; upavlov, skull]. The
condition of a monster with partial or complete absence
of the cranium.

Acranial (ah-kra' -ne-al) [d priv.; Kpaviov, skull].
Having no cranium.

Acrasia (ak-kra' '-ze-ak) [u priv.; icpaoig, moderation].
I. Intemperance; lack of self-control. 2. Acratia.

Acraspedote (ah-kras'-pe-dot ) [d priv. ; Kpdairei
hem or border]. In biology, pertaining to Gegen-
baur' s group of medusre, Acraspeda; having a disk
without velum or marginal fold.

Acratia (ah-kraf -she-ah) [cucpaTeia: a priv.; Kparoq,
force]. Impotence, loss of power.

Acraturesis (ah-krat-u-re' -sis) [dnpa-eia, lack of
strength; ovpwiq, micturition]. Inability to micturate,
from atony of the bladder.

Acrecbolic (ak-rek-bolf-ik)[a,Kpoc, at the apex ; eK36?uov,
to throw out]. In biology, capable of protrusion by an
outward movement of the tip; the introverted and
eversible proboscis of certain worms and molluscs.

Acrembolic (ak-rem-bol' '-ik) [anpog, at the apex ;
ep(id/,/.Eiv, to throw in, insert]. In biology, introver-
sion by an inward movement of the tip, as the everted
proboscis of certain worms and molluscs.

Acrepalous, or Acraepalous (ah-krep* -al-us) [d priv.;
Kpanrd'/.n, debauch]. Correcting the nausea that
follows excess in drinking, or in eating.

Acrid (ak'-rid) [acer, acris, sharp]. Pungent, irritat-
ing ; producing an irritation, as of the tongue, fauces,
or stomach.

Acridian (ak-rid'-i-an) [dim. of atcpig, a locust]. Per-
taining to the acridia or grasshoppers.

Acridin (akf -rid-in) [acer, acrid], C,..H.,X. A sub-
stance produced by heating anilin and salicylic alde-
hyd to 2600 with Znt'l.,. Very soluble in alcohol and
ether: It occurs in crude anthracene and dissolves in
dilute acids with a beautiful green fluorescence. It
readily sublimes in colorless leaflets; melts at no°;
and has a very pungent odor.

Acridins (ak' -rid-in:) [acer, acrid]. Substances ob-
tained when diphenylamin is heated to 3000 with
fatty acids. They are feeble bases ; their salts are de-
composed by boiling water.

Acridophagus (ak-rid-of '-a-gus) [d/cpic, a locust;
1 , eat]. The eater of locust-.

Acrimony (akf -rim-o-ne) [acrimonia\. Irritating
quality, pungency, corrosiveness : an acrid quality or
state.

Acrinia (ah-krin' -e-ah) [d priv ; xpiveiv, to separate].
I •iminution or suppression of a secretion or excre-
tion.

A( KIN'VL

to

ACR< >MI< (-DELTI UDEUS

Acrinyl [ak-rin'-il) [arer, acrid], i -II-1 » I >ne of the
univalent radicle-. A. Sulphocyanate, t .1 1.< >.S< \.
an acrid ami vesicating substance found in white mus-
tard, corresponding to the essential oil of the black
mustard.

Acrisia prn />/.»]. Theabserj

a crisis from a disease ; an unfavorable crisis or turn in
the course of an attack ofdisi

Acritical ah-krif '-ik-al) [</ priv. ; icpimg, a crisis].
Having no crisis ; not relating to a crisis.

Acritochromacy (ak-krit-o-kro/-mas-e) [d/cptrof, undis-
tinguished ; . color]. Color-blindness, achro-
mati • i • - i a .

Acroaesthesia [ak-ro-es-th^-ze-ah). See./ roesthesia.

Acroanesthesia [ak-ro-an-es-the' • [d/cpOv, ex-

tremity; avaiattyoia, want of feeling]. Anesthesia <>f
the extremities.

Acroarthritis [ak-ro-arth-ri'-tis) [d/cpov, extremity;
a joint; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the joints of a limb.

Acroasphyxia {ak-ro-as-fiksf -e-aK) [d/cpov, extremity; d
priv. ; n,ji iir, pul.se]. Asphyxia 01 the extremities, the
died phenomena of Raynaud.

Acrobryous [ak-robf-re-us) [ci/cpoc, apex; (3pbov, a
flower]. In biology, growing only at the apex.

Acrobystia (ak-ro-bis'-te-ah") [anpoftwTia, the foreskin].
The prepuce.

Acrobystiolith {ak-ro-bis' ' -te-o-lith) [d«po/?i;oT<a, the
prepuce; 3idor, a stone] . A preputial calculus.

Acrobystitis {ak-ro-bis-ti* -tis) [d/cpo/Jt/orca, the foreskin;
ir/c, inflammation]. Posthitis.

Acrocarpous - ak-ro- kar^ -pus) [d/cpor, at the apex;
icapirdg, fruit]. In biology, fruiting at the tips, as

mosses.

Acrocephalia [ak-ro-sef-a' '-le-ah) [d/cpov, a point;
KfO'i'/t,. the head]. A deformity of the head in which
the vertical diameter is increased and the top is more
or less pointed.

Acrocephalic {ak-ro-sef-a/' -ik) [d/cpov, a point ; ama/J/,
the head]. Characterized by acrocephalia; having
the top of the head unusually high.

Acrocephaline [ak-ro-sef f -a-liri) [d/cpov, point; KFOa'/J/,
head]. In biology, resembling birds of the genus
Acrocepkaiiis, the large-billed reed warblers.

Acrocephalous [ak-ro-sef '-al-ui |[d/cpov, a point ; Ke<palr/,
the head]. Characterized by or affected with acroce-
phalia.

Acrocephaly (ak-ro-sef '-al-e) [d/cpov, a point ; Kepa/.i/,
the head]. Same as Acrocephalia,

Acrocheir [ak'-ro-klr) [d/cpov, point; X£'P> hand].
The ends of the lingers considered together ; the fore-
arm and hand.

Acrochordon [ak-ro-kor' -dori) [aKpoxopAuv, literally
the end of a catgut cord]. A pedunculated or pen-
sile wart. Synonym of Molluscum fibrosum.

Acrocinesis [ak-ro-sin-e'-sis) [anpor, extreme ; Khnjaig,
movement]. Excessive motility; abnormal freedom
of movement, as seen in certain cases of hysteria.

Acrocinetic [ak-ro-sin-ei1 '-ik) [aicpog, extreme; Kimjaig,
movement]. Characterized by acrocinesis.

Acrocyst (akr-ro nst) [d/cpoc;, apex; icuoric, pouch].
In biology, a sort of broad sac at the top of the gonan-
gium in certain hydroids.

Acrodermatitis [ak-ro-der-mat-if-tis) [d/cpov, extremity ;
tfia, skin; trig, inflammation], Inllammation of the
skin of an extremity.

Acrodont (akf-ro-dont) [d/cpoc, apex or edge; biovg,
tooth]. In biology, one of or pertaining to those
lizards with teeth attached to the edge of the jaw,
without alveoli.

Acrodynia [ak-ro-din'-e-ah) [d/cpoc, an • tremity; bSbvri,
pain]. Epidemic erythema ; a disease closely allied

to pellagra. It is characterized by gastTO intestinal

symptoms, redness of the conjunctive, edema of the
lace, formication, pricking pains in the palm and soles,
hyperesthesia followed by anesthesia of these parts,
and an erythematous eruption preceded by bullae,
chiefly «>n the hands and feet, but spreading over the
limbs and trunk. This is followed b) exfoliation and
dark brown or black pigmentation, greatest in the
warm regions of the body. Wasting of the limbs,

with edema, cramps, pareses, and spasms may be pres-
ent, and death may follow in the old or feeble. The
disease is probably due to .some noxious constituent of
or defect in the diet.

Acroesthesia, or Acroaesthesia [ak-ro-es-tlie'-ze-ak)
[d/cpoc, extreme ; aioBrjaig, sensation]. Exaggerated
sensitiveness, or sensibility. Sense of pain in the ex-
tremities.

Acrogen \ak' -ro-jen) [d/cpoc, apex; yevfjg, produced].
In biology, a member of a division of the Cryptogams
which grow by terminal buds, as ferns and mosses.

Acrogenic [ak-ro-jen'-ik) [d/cpoc, apex; , ,■ . pro-
duced]. In biology, partaking of the character of an
acri >l;*'ii.

Acrogenous [ak-rof-en-us) [a/cpoc, at the apex ; ',"','_:,
produced]. In biology, growth by increase at the
summit, as ferns, mosses, and certain zoophytes.

Acrogynous [ak-rof '-in-us) [d/cpoc, at the tip; yw#,
female]. Tn biology, having the archegonia formed
from or near the apical cell, as certain of the Hepat-
ic tc .

Acrolein [ak-ro'-le-iti) \acer, sharp; oleum, oil] , CgH40.
Acrylic Aldehyd. A highly volatile liquid derived
from the decomposition or the destructive distillation
of glycerin. See Acrylaldehyd.

Acrolenion (ak-ro-len'-e-on) [d/cpov, point ; io?Jvij,
elbow]. Same as O/ecranon.

Acromania [ak-ro-maf -ne-aK) \liKpog, extreme ; pavia,
madness]. Incurable or extreme insanity.

Acromastitis (ak-ro-vias-ti'-tis) Xacromastiitm ; itis,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the nipple.

Acromastium [ak-ro-mas* -te-u/ii) \h.Kpov, a point;
fiaorog, breast]. The nipple.

Acromegalia \ak-ro-meg-a' -le-ah), or Akromegaly
[ak-ro-megf -al-e) [dxpof; fieydXq, large]. A disease
characterized by abnormally great development of the
extremities, and of the features of the face, in-
cluding the bony as well as the soft parts. The
disease is of long duration, twenty years or more, the
patient finally dying of exhaustion. The etiology is
unknown, although Virchow believes heredity to have
an important share in its causation.

Acromial [ak-ro' -nic-al) [d/cpoc, extremity; cj/zoc, the
shoulder]. Relating to the acromion.

Acromicria [ak-ro-tnik' '-re-ah) [d/cpoc, extremity ;
fiiKp6g, small]. Abnormal smallness of the extremi-
ties. A condition in which there is a reduction in the
size of the nose, ears, and face, as well as hands and
feet.

Acromioclavicular {ak-ro' ' -me-o-kla-vik1 ' -u-lar) [d/cpoc,
extremity; come, the shoulder; clavus, a key] , Re-
lating to the acromion and the clavicle.

Acromio-coracoid [ak-ro'-me o kof-rak-oid). See
Acrontio-t oracohlcHs.

Acromio-coracoideus {ak-ro1 ' -me-o-ko-rak-oid-e* '-us)
[nKpue, extremity; upog, the shoulder; Ii6pat;,a crow].
A triangular ligament lying between the acromion and
the a irao iid pr< icess.

Acromio-deltoideus I ,ik-ro' -mc-o-Jcl-toid-e'-ns) \hKpoc,
extremity; ufioa, the shoulder; 6e\Toei6f/g, deltoid].
In comparative anatomy, a muscle having as its origin
the acromion, and the deltoid ridge of the humerus
a- it- insertion.

ACROMH) III MERAL

41

Ai I IV >!.< >GY

Acromio-humeral i ak-ro' '-me-o-hu' '-tner-al ) [atcpng, ex-
tremity; u/moc, the shoulder ; humerus]. Relating to
the acromion and the humerus. A. Muscle, the del-
toid.

Acromion {ak-ro' -menu) [anpw, a summit; w/zoc, the
shoulder}. The triangular-shaped process al the sum
mit of the scapula, that forms the attachment of the

deltoid muscle. „

Acromio- thoracic [ak-ro* '-me-o-tho-ra* ' -sik) [anpu/MOV,
shoulder; t%>pa£, thorax]. In anatomy, relating to 1 1 1 « -
shoulder and thorax, as the acromio thoracic artery.

Acromio-trapezius [ak ro/-me-o-tra-pe/-ze-us) [d/cpu-
fiiov, shoulder; trapezium]. In anatomy, a part of the
trapezius muscle.

Acromphalori (ak-roni'-fal-on) [aicpov, a point ; o
A<H', the navel]. See Acromphalus.

Acromphalus (ak-rom'-fal-us) [anpov, extremity ; 6/iipa-
log. the navel]. I. The center of the umbilicus to
which the cord is attached. 2. The tirst stage of um-
bilical hernia, marked by a pouting of the navel.

Acromyodian [ak-ro-me-of -de-ari) \hnpov, extremity;
uvg, muscle; <J<5//. song]. In biology, having the
syringeal muscles attached to the ends of the upper
bronchial rings, as in certain singing birds, the Acro-
tnyodi.

Acromyodic (a-kro-me-oil'-ik). Same as Acromyodian.

Acromyodous (ak-ro-mi^-o-dus) . Same as Acromyodian.

Acronarcotic [ak-ro-nar-kot? -ik) [acer, sharp ; vapnovv,
to benumb]. Both acrid and narcotic.

Acroneurosis [ak-ro-nu-ro1 '-sis) [atcpov, an extremity;
vebpav, a nerve] . Any neurosis manifesting itself in
the extremities.

Acronyx [ak'-ro-nix\ [d/tpov, an extremity ; ovv^, a
nail]. The ingrowing of the nail.

Acroparalysis [ak-ro-par-al' '-is-is) [anpov, an extreme ;
napd, by ; Xvetv, to loose]. Paralysis of the extremities.

Acroparesthesia, or Acroparaesthesia (ak-ro-par-es-
the'-ze-ah) [empov, extremity; napa, around; alaOijatg,
sensation]. I. Abnormal, or perverted sensation in
the extremities. 2. Extreme or confirmed paresthesia.

Acropathology [ak-ro-patk-olf -o-je) [ anpov, an ex-
tremity ; iriiHoq, disease ; /i-dyoc, treatise] . The pathol-
ogy of the extremities.

Acropathy ^ak-rop' -a-the) \hnpov, an extremity ; -dOog,
suffering]. Any disease of the extremities.

Acropetal (ak-rop'-et-al )\hnpQV, the top ;petere, to seek].
In biology, developing from the base or center, up-
ward and outward, as many leaves, lateral shoots, or
flower clusters.

Acrophobia (ak-ro-fo'-be-ah) [d/cpef, a height ; 0" fop,
fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height.

Acropodium (ak-ro-po'-de-um)\h.Kpog, at the top ; iroSiov,
dim. of irni-g (~od), foot]. In zoology, the entire
upper surface of the foot.

Acroposthia (ak-ro-pos' '-tke-ak) [anpog, extreme ; ttogOij,
foreskin]. The distal part of the prepuce.

Acroposthitis {ak-ro-pos-tkif -tis) [d/cpop, extreme ; -6o0r/,
foreskin]. Posthitis.

Acrorrheuma [ak-ro-ru/-mak) [anpov, an extremity;
ptvpa, a flux]. Rheumatism of the extremities.

Acrosarcum [ak-ro-sar' '-kum) [anpog, at the end; aap^
(aapn), flesh]. In biology, a berry fruit produced by an
ovary with an adnate calyx, e. g., a currant or cran-
berry.

Acroscleriasis [ak-ro-skle-ri' '-as-is) [d/cpov, extremity ;
GK/.r/pog, hard]. Sclerotic changes in the extremities.

Acroscopic [ak-ro-skop'-ik) [d/cpop, apex ; okottbiv,
view]. In biology, looking toward the top.

Acrosphacelus (ak- ro-sfas' -el- as) \_anpov, extremity ;
atydne'Aog, dead]. Gangrene of an extremity.

Acrospire (ak'-ro-spir) [d/cpoc, at the top; ontipa, a
coil, spire]. In biology, the first sprout of a grain.

Acrospore (ak' .it tin- end ;

seed]. In biology, the spore of one ol thos< fungi

that fruit at tin- summit "i simple erect hypfa
Peronospora.

Acrospores [ak' ; [d/cpop, topmost; o

i ]. See Conidia.

Acrosporous [ak-ro '-po ru \ [d/cpop, topmosl
a seed]. Same a- Aero pore.

Acrotarsial [ak-ro-tai ictremit) ; 7<;.

tarsus]. In biology, pertaining to the instep.

Acrotarsium [ak-ro-tar' -se-um) [d/cpoc, top; ra
tarsus]. The instep.

Acroteria [ak-ro-te* -re-ak) \aKpavhpia\. The extremi-
ties.

Acrothymion, or Acrothymum (ak-ro-t)ii' -m
[d/cpop, summit ; dvpog, thyme], A rugose wart with
a broad top.

Acrotic (ak-rot'-ik) [d/cpoc, extreme, outmost]. Relat-
ing to the glands of the skin; affecting the surface.

Acrotica [ak-rotf -ik-ah) [d/cpoc, extreme]. Acrotic
diseases.

Acrotism (ah' ' -krol-izm) [d priv. ; itpdrop, striking].
Any defective beating of the pulse; failure of the
pulse.

Acrotismus [ah-krot-iz' '-mus) [d priv. ; Kjioror, strik-
ing]. See Acrotism.

Acrylaldehyd [ak-ril-al/-de-hld)\acer, sharp ; aldehyd],
C3H40. Acrolein, the aldehyd of the ally] -cries;
obtained by distilling glycerin to which strong phos-
phoric acid has been added, or by the dry distillation
of fatty bodies ; a colorless, mobile liquid, boiling at
520, possessing a sp. gr. of 0.8410 at 200. It has a
pungent odor and attacks the mucous membran.
a violent manner. It occasions an odor of burning
fat. It is soluble in 2-3 parts of water.

Actea, or Actaea (ak-te'-ak) [d/cr//, the elder]. A genus
of ranunculaceous plants having active medicinal qual-
ities. A. alba, the white cohosh, has much the same
qualities as A. spicata. A. cimicifuga is more im-
portant. See Cimicifuga. A. racemosa. See Cimi-
cifuga. A. rubra, red cohosh, and A. spicata, are
purgative and emetic.

Actinal (ak'-tin-al) [aicrig, a ray]. In biology, per-
taining to the oral pole, surface, or aspect of a radiate
animal.

Actine (ak'-tin) [d«x/p, a ray] . In biology, a spicular
ray, in sponges.

Actinenchyma [ak-tin-en' '-kim-ah) [aicrig, ray ; ,
infusion]. In biology, a tissue of stellate cells.

Actinic iak-tin' -ik) [aicrig, a ray]. Referring to those
wave-lengths of the spectrum corresponding to the
violet and ultra-violet parts of the same that produce
chemical changes in the haloid salts of silver, and
are therefore valuable in photograph) .

Actiniochrome [ak-tin' '-e-o-krom) [aicrig, & ray; xp£>[La,
color]. A red pigment obtained from certain Actinias.

Actinism (ak'-tin-izm) [aicrig, a ray]. The chemical
quality of light, or of the sun's rays.

Actinohematin (ak-tin-o-hem' '-a-tin) [aicriv, ray; al/xa,
blood]. In biology, a respiratory pigment found by
MacMunn in Actinia.

Actinoid [ak'-tin-oiJ ) [aicrig, ray; eldog, form]. In
zoology, radiate, as a star fish.

Actinologous {ak-tin-ol'-o-gus) [aicrig, a ray ; /»,
word]. In biology, exhibiting actinology.

Actinologue [ak-tin1 '-o-log) [d/cn'p,a ray ; Tuiyog, a word].
In biology, a part possessing actinologous homology.

Actinology [ak-Hn-oP -o-je) [aicrig, a ray ; >'<; "C, a word].
In biology, that kind of homological relation that
exists between the successive segments, regions, or
divisions of a part or organ, in that they radiate or
spring from it.

ACTIN< MERE

J -J

ACUPl NCTURE

Actinomere [ak-tin'-o-mi < [ •■■■."•, r.n : uipoc, a parti.
In zoology, une of the radiating partitions characteristic

of the . / ' ■.

Actinomeric [ak-tin-o-mer* '-it) [d/cric, aray; u> ■
part]. In biology, radiately divided.

Actinomorphic [ak-tin-o-motf'-ik) [amis, a ray;
. form]. Same as Actinotnorphous.

Actinomorphous [ak-tm-o-morf '-.-. [d/cric, ray;

uoptyij, form]. Regularly radiated, as flowers divis-
ible into similar portions in two or more vertical
planes.

Actinomyces [ak-tin-om' '-is-lz) [d/cric, a ray; /.
mushroom]. A genus of parasitic fungoid organisms.
One species, A. . auses the disease actinomyco-

sis. Called also the Ray Fungus.

Actinomycoma [ak-tin-o-mi-kof -mah\ [d/cric, a ray ;
in 107c, a fungus : pi., Actinomycomataj. A tumor such
as is characteristic of actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis [ak-tin-o-mi-cor -sis) [d/cri£, a ray ; u
a fungus], A parasitical, infectious, inoculable disease
lirst observed in cattle, and also occurring in man,
and characterized by the manifestations of chronic
inflammation, with or without suppuration, often re-
sulting in the formation of granulation tumors. The
disease is due to the presence of a characteristic micro-
parasite, the ray fungus, Actinomyces bovis, which is
composed of tine mycelial threads and club-shaped
bodies.- The most frequent and most curable form
is when the abscesses form about the jaws and teeth.
The best mode of staining the threads is by Gram's
method. To stain the clubs as found in man is diffi-
cult; the best results have been obtained with orange
rubin or eosin. The only treatment of the disease
is removal of the infected tissue. When the parasite
has found a nidus in the lungs or digestive tract, all
treatment is so far useless. The disease is often called
lumpy-jaw and holdfast.

Actinomycotic [ak-tin-o-mi-kof '-ik\ [auric , ray ; fivicqg,
fungus]. Pertaining to or affected with actinomy-
cosis.

Actinophore [ak-tin' -o-for) [d/cric, a ray; tytpetv, to
bear]. In biology, one of the peripheral elements
affording support to the true I'm rays in typical fishes
and selachians.

Actinophorous {ak-lin-offf-o-rns) [auric , ray ; (pepeiv,
to bear]. In biology, bearing ray-like spines.

Actinosoma [ak-lin-o-so/ -mah) [auric, ray; cufia,
body]. In biology, the entire body of a simple or
composite a >an.

Actinospora chartarum [ak-tin-o-spo/-rah char-taf-
rum) [d/criv, ray; ni'.ma. body ; charta, paper], A
parasitic fungus developing on paper and books.

Actinost [a&'-tin-ost) [d/cric, ray; boreov, a bone]. In
ichthyology, one of the bones supporting the pectoral
and ventral tins in true fish -

Actinosteophyte [ak-tin-os' '-te-o-flt) [d/cric, a ray;
osteophyte^. An osteophyte of radiated form.

Actinostome [ak-tin' -o-stom) [d/cric, ray; ardjua,
mouth]. In biology, the mouth of an actinozoan.

Actinotrichium [ak-tin-o-trik' '-e-um) [d/cric, ray ; dpi 1 .
a hair]. In biology, a liber in the fin-fold of an em-
bryo fish, the forerunner of the adult fin-ray.

Actinotrocha [ak-tin-of '-ro-kaK) [d/cric, ray ; r.
ring]. The larva of certain gephyrean worms, char-
acterized by rings of cilia about the mouth and
anus.

Actinozoa [ak-ti [olkt'ic, ray; ^uov, an ani-

mal]. A division of celenterates including the sea-
anemones, coral-polyps, etc., having rayed tentacles
about the mouth, and a digestive sac connected
to the body wall by radial dissepiments called me
ler

Actinula [ak-tin' -u-laK) [dim. of d/cric, ray: //.,
./ tinuhe\. In biology, the oval generative zooid of a

gymnoblastic hydroid, developing without interme-
diate metamorphosis into a hydroid of the adult form,
Action [ak'-sAun] [agere , to do, or perform], In physi-
ology, a term used to denote the function of an organ.
A., Reflex, an involuntary movement of an organ or
part o| the body resulting from an impression carried

bj a sensory or afferent nerve to a subordinate center,

and then sent back by an efferent nerve to some point
at <>r near the source of irritation.

Active [ak'-tiv) [agere, to do, or perforin]. In medicine,
a term applied to treatment the reverse of passive, that
is, where the pathological conditions are acted upon
directly rather than parti) controlled. Also, in a
growing condition ; opposed to dormant. A. Insuffi-
ciency of Muscles. See Insufficiency. A. Spots,
the cortical centers of the brain, especially those that
control definite muscular movements.

Activity [ak-tiv' -it-e) [agere, to door perform]. Capa-
city for acting ; sensibility; vitality; potency; energy.

Actual [ak'-cku-al) [agere, to do]. Real, effective;
not potential. A. Cautery. See Cautery.

Actuation [ak-cku-a' '-shun) [agere, to do, or perform].
That mental function that is exercised between the im-
pulse of volition and its actualization or perform-
ance.

Acuchi {ah-koo'-ihe). The resin or balsam obtained
from Icica heterophylla, a tree of tropical America. It
is almost identical with elemi. Unof.

Acufilopressure [ak-u-fi' ' -lo-pres-ur) [acus, needle ;
filum, a thread ; pressure]. A combination of acupres-
sure and ligation.

Acuity [ak-u'-it-e) [aari/as ; acuere, to shaqien].
Acuteness or clearness of visual power in the percep-
tion of small or distant objects.

Aculeate [ak-u'-le-dt) [aculeus, a sting, prickle]. In
botany, armed with prickles, i.e. , aculii ; as the rose and
brier. In biology, having a sting.

Aculeiform (ak-ti-le'-ifor/n) [aculeus, prickle ; forma,
shape]. Resembling a prickle.

Aculeolate [ak-u'-le-o-lat) [aculeolus, a little prickle].
In biology, beset with small prickles.

Aculeus [ak-u'-le-us)[d\m.ofacus, a needle : pl.,Aculei~\.
In biology, a prickle or pointed excrescence of the bark,
as in the rose or raspberry ; the modified ovipositor or
sting of a hymenopterous insect.

Acumeter [ak-oo' '-met-er) [awobuv, to hear; utrpov, a
measure]. Instrument for testing hearing.

Acuminate [ak-u'-min-at) [acuminatus, pointed,
acute]. Taper-pointed or sharp-pointed.

Acuminose, or Acuminous [ak-u'-min-os, or -us)
[acumen, point]. In biology, same a- Acuminate.

Acuminulate [ak-u-min' '-u-l&t\ [dim. of acumen, a
point]. Slightly taper-pointed.

Acupression [ak-u-presk'-un) [acus,& needle \premere,
to press]. Acupressure.

Acupressure [ak' -u-presk-Ur) [acus, a needle \premere,
to pre^s]. An operation to stop hemorrhage or aneu
rvsm by the compression of a needle inserted into the
tissues upon either side, either above or below the
vessel. There are a variety of methods of performing
ai upressure.

Acupuncturation [ak-u-pungk-cku-ra'-shun) [acus, a
needle; punctura, a puncture]. Acupuncture.

Acupuncturator [ak-u-pungk' ' -cku-ra-tor) [acus, a
needle; punctura, a puncture]. An instrument used
in performing acupuncture.

Acupuncture iak' ' -u-punk-ck&r) [acus, a needle ; pun-
re, to prick]. Puncture of tin; skin or tissue by one
or more t" edles for the relief of pain, the exit of fluid,
the coagulation of blood in an am urysm, etc.

ACT S

43

ADELOPNEUMONA

Acus (a'-hus) [L.]. A net-die. A. Ad Cataractam, a
cataract needle. A. Cannulata, a trocar to he used
with a cannula. A. Electrica, a needle tor use with
electricity. A. Exploratoria, an exploring needle. A.

Interpunctoria, a needle for eye-operations. A. In-
vaginata,a sheathed needle. A. Sutoria, a needle
for stitching wounds.

Acute (nfr i</) [acutus, sharp]. Merely sharp-pointed
or ending in a point less than a right angle. Some-
times used in the sense of forming a sharp angle. Used
of disease having a rapid and severe onset, progress,
and termination. When applied to [tain, sound, vision,
etc., means sharp, keen.

Acutenaculum (ak-u-ten-akf -u-lum) [acus, & needle;
tenaculum : pi,, Acutenacula], A needle-holder.

Acuteness (ak-iitf -nes) [acutus, sharp]. The quality
of being acute, rapid, or sharp. Referring to vision,
used as a synonym of keenness or acuity.

Acutifoliate (ak-u-te-fo' '-le-at ) [acutus, sharp ; foliatus,
leaved]. In biology, bearing sharp-pointed leaves.

Acutilobate (ak-u-te-lo'-bat) [acutus, sharp ; lobatus,
lobate]. In biology, possessing acute lobes, as a
leaf.

Acutorsion (ak-u-tor'-shun) [acus, a needle; torsion'].
The twisting of an artery with a needle as a means of
controlling hemorrhage.

Acyanoblepsia {ah-si-an-o-blep'-se-ah) [dpriv.; nvavoc,
blue; fiMipia, sight]. Same as Acyanopsia.

Acyanopsia (ah-si-ati-op' -se-ah) [a priv.; n'vavoq, blue ;
biptQ, sight]. Inability to distinguish blue colors.

Acyclic (an-slk'-lik) [a priv ; kvk/.ckuc, circular]. In
botany, not whorled.

Acyesis (ah-si-e'-sis) [d priv. ; KVT/air, pregnancy].
I. Sterility of the female. 2. Non-pregnancy.

Acyetic (ah-si-et'-ik) [d priv.; Kv?/aic, pregnancy].
Relating to acyesis.

Acyprinoid (ah-sip'-rin-oid) [d priv.; cyprinoid]. In
biology, a region in the fauna of which the Cypri-
nidce and Labyrinthici are wanting.

Acystia (ah-sis'-te-ah) [d priv.; avarir, bladder]. Ab-
sence of the bladder.

Acystinervia (ah-sis-tin-er' '-ve-ah) [d priv. ; k'votic,
bjadder; nervus, a nerve]. Paralysis or lack of nerve
stimulus in the bladder.

Ad [ad, to]. A Latin prefix of words and terms, signi-
fying to, toward, at, etc. Ad deliquium, to fainting.
Ad libitum, at pleasure, or according to discretion.

Ad, or Add. A contraction of Adde, or Additur,
meaning, add, or let there be added ; used in prescrip-
tion writing.

Adacrya (ah-dak'-re-ah) [d priv. ; ddupvov, tear]. Ab-
sence or deficiency of the secretion of tears.

Adactyl {ak-dak'-til) [a priv.; ddnTvloc, digit]. I.
Without fingers or without toes. 2. A monstrosity
that has an absence of digits.

Adactylia (ah-dak-til'-e-ah) [d priv. ; 6dK.rv7.oc, , a fin-
ger]. Absence of the digits.

Adactylism [ah-dak' -til-izni) [a priv. ; 6a.nrv7.oc, a
finger]. The absence of the digits.

Adactylous (ah-dak' -til-us) [d priv.; 6h.K~v7.oq, a fin-
ger]. Without fingers or toes. In biology, without
claws.

Adaemonia (ad-e-mo'-ne-ah). See Ademonia.

Adamantin [ad-am-anf -tin) [ada.fj.ag, from a priv.;
Saudi-t n\ to overpower]. Pertaining to adamant. A.
Cement, a substance used for tilling teeth, consisting
of finely powdered silex or pumice stone mixed with
an amalgam of mercury and silver. See Amalgam.
A. Substance, the enamel of the teeth.

Adambulacral (ad-am-bu-la' '-kral) [</</, against; am-
bulacrum]. In biology, adjoining the ambulacra, as
certain ossicles in echinoderms.

Adamita [ad-am-i' '-tah) [I-]. A white vesical calculus.

Adam's Apple i ad'-amz ap'-pl). See Pomum Adami,
A. Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Adansonia digitata (ad-an-so* -ne-ak dij-it-a'-tah).
I he Baobab tree, a native of Africa. The bark is u
in the form of an infusion, 5J to <)j, as a remedy for
intermittent fever. Unof.

Adansonin (ad-an* '-so-nin) . A febrifugal alkaloid
from the leaves and bark of Adansonia Digitata.
Unof.

Adaptation (ad ap-ta'-shon) [adaptare, to adjust]. In
biology, favorable organic modifications suiting a plant
or animal to its environment. A. of the Retina,
the faculty possessed by the retina of accommodating
the [tower of vision to a diminished amount of light, as
in a darkened room.

Adarce (ad-ar'-se) [adapter), a salty efflorescence]. A
salty alkaline concretion found in salt-marshes in Asia
Minor. It is detergent and has been much u.-ed in
leprosy and skin diseases. I nof.

Adarticulation (ad-ar-tik-u-la' '-shun) [ad, to; articula-
tio, a jointing]. See Arthrodia.

Addephagia (ad-e-fa1 '-je-ak) [L.]. See Bulimia.

Adder's-tongue (adf-erz-tung). The leaves of Opliio-
glossum vulgatum , o. common perennial herb; muci-
laginous, and used in the preparation of salves. Unof.
A. -wort [ad'-erz-wert). See Bistort.

Add'ison's Disease. Melasma suprarenale, dermato-
melasma-supra-renale, or cutis serea (" bronzed skin "),
a disease of the supra-renal capsules, first described by
Dr. Addison, and characterized by tubercular infiltra-
tion of the capsules, discoloration of the skin, pro;
sive anemia, and asthenia, ending in death from exhaus-
tion. See Diseases, Table of. A. Keloid.
Keloid and Morphea.

Additamentum (ad-it-am-en' -turn) [L. ]. Any appen-
dix, as an epiphysis. A. Coli, the appendix venni-
formis .

Adducens (ad-duf -senz) [L. ]. An adductor, a term
applied to certain muscles. A. Oculi, the internal
rectus muscle of the eye.

Adducent (ad-du' '-sent) [adducens"]. Performing ad-
duction.

Adduction (ad-duk' -shun) [adductio ; adducere, to
bring toward]. Any movement whereby a part is
brought toward another or toward the median line of
the body. A. of the Eyes, the power of the internal
recti measured by the maximum ability to preserve
singleness of the image with prisms placed bases to-
ward the temples. It varies from 300 to 500.
also Abduction.

Adductive (ad-duk' -tiv) [adducens]. Same as Addu-
cent.

Adductor (ad-duk' -tor) [adducere, to bring forward].
Any muscle effecting adduction.

Adelarthrosomatous ( ad-el-ar-thro - so'- mat -us ) [a
priv.; d^Aof, manifest; apfipov, joint ; ntotin, body]. In
biology, indistinctly segmented, or articulated.

Adelaster (ad-el-as' '-ter) [aSi it manifest; aa

star]. In biology, a cultivated plant that for the
time being cannot be referred t>> its proper genus.

Adelocodonic (ad'-el-o-ko-don'-ik) [atiifkog, not mani-
fest; kio^i.ic. a bell]. In biology, lacking a disc or
umbrella ; said of a gonophore.

Adelomorphous (ad-el-o-mor' -fus) [adq?\og,not evident ;
fiopo/,, form]. Not delomorphous ; not clearly defined ;
not having a determinate form (a term applied to
certain cells in the gastric gland-.)

Adelopneumona [ad-el-op-nu' -mo-nah) [dth/7oc, not
manifest; irvEvjtuv, lung]. In biology, the Pulmoni-
fera among gastrmpods, the pulmonary cavity being
hidden by the mantle.

ADELl >1'»>I>

H

ADEN( i-MVi i.MA

Adelopod, Adelopode .not

manifest ; iroi c, foot]. In biology, an animal with con-
cealed <>r inconspicuous 1

Adelphia brotherhood]. In

biology, a group of stamens united by their filaments.

Adelphous .brotherhood]. Having

stamens with more 01 descent filaments.

Ademon;.i . trouble,

distress]. Mental distress.

Ademosyne (ad-t > ■. ■ ) trouble, dis-

tress]. Depression of spirits ; home-sickni

Aden .-' :'•■. m, a gland]. A gland; ;i

I > 11 1 ►• • . A. Fever. See / A. Ulcer. See

Adenalgia id#v, gland; akyoq, pain],

< ilandular pain.

Adenectopia ' pe ah) [adr/v, gland ; Iktotcoq,

away ir a place]. \ condition in which the gland

d< upy it- proper position.

Adenemphraxis [ad-en-em-Jraks/-is) [ad^v, gland;
stoppage] . < rlandular obstruction.

Adenia \ad-e* -ne-ah) \adrp>, gland]. Enlargement of
glands : Lyn> ma, a. v.

Adenic [ad-en/-i .gland]. Relating to or of

the nature of a gland.

Adeniform farm) \aSrjv, gland ; forma, resem

blance]. < >f the shape of a gland ; glandlike.

Adenin ad/-en-in) \adtp>, a gland — lir-t discovered in
pancreatic glands], C5H5N5. A leucomaine di-cov-
ered in 1885 by KTossel ; the simplest member of the
uric acid group of leucomaino. A relation exists
between hydrocyanic acid and all the members of this
group, and the base, adenin, seems to be formed by
polymerization of hydrocyanic acid. It occur-, with
other bases, as a decompi isition product of nuclein, and
may be obtained from all animal and vegetable tissues
rich in nucleated cells. It crystallizes in leaflets with
pearly lu-ter. It exists largely in the liver and urine
of leucocythemic patients, as a result of the breaking
U[i of the nucleated white blood coqmscles. It appears
tn be necessary to the formation and building up of
mic matter, playing an important part, together
with guanin, in the physiological function of the cell
nucleus. Nuclein, the parent of adenin and guanin,
has been credited with a direct relation to the repro-
ductive power- of the cell. Adenin is not poisonous.
Its physiological action is not definitely known.

Adenitis [ad-en-i' '-tis \ [aSjjv, gland ; itis, inflammation].
Inflammation of a gland. See Bubo and Lymphadeni-
tis.

Adenization \ad-en-i-za' -shun) \adtjv, a gland]. Ade-
noid degeneration.

Adeno- (ad-e'-no) [adi/v, gland]. A prefix used to de-
note relation to glands.

Adenoblast [a<5#v, a gland; /}Aa<xn$c, a

germ]. Any functionally active gland-cell; a cell that
the glandular action.

Adeno-carcinoma <-kar-sin-o,-mah) [adfyv,

gland: . a cancer]. Adenoma blended with

carcini >mat< >us 1

Adenocarcinomatous (ad-en-o-kar-sin-o,-mat-ui 1
["'* |. ( >f the nature of adeno-carcinoma.

Adenocele [ad'- , or ad-en-o-sef -le) \a&fp>, gland ;

tumor]. I ;.noma.

Adenochirapsology v-o-je) \a6ijv,

.hand; airreiv, to touch; %6yog, treatise].
The obsolete doctrine of the healing of scrofula by the
touch of a king"s hand.

Adeno-chondroma i-ion-dro^-mah \ [ a&fp>,

gland: .cartilage: pi., Adeno-chondromata].

mor consisting of both glandular and cartilaginous
ti--ue.

Adeno-cystoma [ad-en-o-sis-to^-mah) \a6ijv, gland;
Kinrir, bladder; oma, tumor]. A cystic adenoma.

Adenodiastasis (ad-en-o-di-as^-tas-is) \a6fp>, gland;
diaoraott;, separation]. 1. Displacement of a gland.
2. Abnormal separation of a gland into distinct parts.

Adenodiastatic {ad-en-o-di-as-taf -ik) [adfyv, gland;
dtacrraotg, separation]. Relating to or marked by
adeni diastasis.

Adenodynia (ad-en-o-dinf-e-ah) \a6ip, gland; bdinnj,
pain]. See Adenalgia.

Adeno-fibroma [ad-en-o-fi-brof -mah) \a6fp), gland ;
fibra, a fiber]. A combination of adenoma and
tibn una.

Adenofibromatous [ad-en-o-fi-brof -mat-us) [ad#v,
gland ; jUnn, a liber]. ( )f the nature of adeno-
fibroma.

Adenogenesis (ad-en-o-jen'-es-is) \adip>, a gland; ykvi-
ot<;, a creation]. The development of a gland.

Adenography [ad-en-og/-ra-fe 1 [ a&ip>, a gland ; yptiuur.
to write]. A treatise on the glandular system.

Adenoid lad/-en-oid ) [ad^f, gland; eldog, resemblance].
Resembling a gland. A. Acne. See Lupus, Dissemi-
nated Follicular. A. Body, the prostate gland. A.
Disease. Synonym of Hodgiins's Disease. A. Tis-
sue. See Animal Tissue. A. Tumor. See Adenoma.
A. Vegetations, a term applied to an hypertrophy of
the adenoid tissue that normally exists in the naso-
pharynx. This hypertrophy is associated with the fol-
lowing characteristic symptoms: Vacant expression of
the child, open mouth, noisy breathing, more or less
impairment of the hearing, a hacking cough, a pecu-
liar muffling of the voice, and an enlargement of the
tonsils. The vegetations exert an injurious influence
on the physical development of the children so affected.
The most important predisposing cause is youth; they
are met with in all classes of life and in all climates.
Treatment consists in the early and complete removal
of the growths.

Adenoidal (ad-en-oid' '-at) \a64jv, a gland ; fidoc, an ap-
pearance]. Somewhat resembling a gland. •

Adenologaditis [ad-en-o-log-ad-i'-tis) [atif/v, a gland ;
Twyadeq, whites of the eyes; trig, inflammation]. I.
Ophthalmia neonatorum. 2. Inflammation of the
glands and conjunctiva of the eyes.

Adenology (ad-en-ol'-o-je) [adf/v, gland; X6yog, a dis-
course]. The science of the glandular system.

Adeno-lymphocele [ad-en-o-limf '-o-sll) [a&fyv, gland;
lympha, lymph ; k/,///. tumor]. Dilatation of the
lymph-vessels and enlargement of the lymphatic
gland-.

Adenoma {ad-en-o* -mah) [dd#v, gland; oma, tumor:
//. , Adenomata"]. A tumor that has sprung from a gland
or is constructed after the type of a secreting gland.
A. destruens, a destructive form of adenoma, in-
volving the stomach walls. A. sebaceum, neoplastic
papules on the face, of congenital origin but of later
development. The disease occupies the position of
acru rosai ea, i. <•., the middle two-thirds. The lesions
are roundish, convex papules, from a millet to a hemp
seed in size, of a bright crimson color, but may U
quite colorless and slightly translucent, They do
not pale on pressure. The) are usually associated
with intellectual inferiority, a large proportion of the
patient- being imbeciles or chi ileptics.

Adenomalacia [ad-en-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [a&fjv, a gland ;
uaXaKia, softening]. Abnormal softness ol a gland.

Adenomesenteritis (ad-en 0 mes en-ter-i' '-tis) [ad#v, a
gland; uioag, middle: hvrepov, intestine; trig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands.

Adeno-myoma mi-o'-mah) \a6fjv, a gland;

ptvg, a muscle; oma, tumor: />/. , Adeno-myomata"].
A tumor composed of glandular and muscular tissues.

ADKM > MVXi 'M \

45

ADIPOCERE

Adeno-myxoma [ad-en-o-miks-o1 '-maA) [adjjv, a gland ;
u i'in, mucous; oma, tumor: pl.,Adeno~myxomata\ A
growth having the characters of adenoma and myxoma.

Adenoncosis [ad-en-on ko'-sis) [adtjv, a gland ; try/sootc,
swelling]. The enlargement of a gland.

Adenoncus [ad-en-ong1 '-hus) [adl/v, gland; bynoq, a
mass]. A glandular tumor.

Ad/eno-ner/vous Fe'ver. Synonym of Plague.

Adeno-neurotic [ad-en-o-nu-roP-ik) [ddrjv, a gland;
vt'vpov. nerve]. Pertaining to the glands and nerves.
A. Fever, the plague.

Adenopathy [ad-en-opt -a-the) [a&f)v, gland; n-dfloc, dis-
ease]. Any disease of a gland or of the glands.

Adenopharyngitis [ad-en-o-far-in-ji' -ti.< ) [adqv, a
gland; tftapvyi;, the throat; <r/<;, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the tonsils and pharynx.

Adenophlegmon [ad-en-o-JUg* '-mon\ [adijv, & gland;
(pMyfiovr/, inflammation]. Suppurative inflammation
of a lymphatic gland.

Adenophore \ad-en' -o-for) [odtjv, a gland; ipepiiv, to
bear]. In biology, the pedicle or stalk supporting a
nectar gland.

\denophorous [od-en-offf -o-rus) [h&ijv, a gland ; yipeiv,
to bear] . Glandular, or gland-bearing.

Adenophthalmia [ad-en-off-thaU -me-ah) [a<h'/v, gland;
bottakuoe, the eye]. Inflammation of the Meibomian
glands.

Adenophthalmitis [ad-en-off-'thal-mi' -tis) . Same as
Adenophthalm ia .

Adenophyllous [ad-en-off' -il-ns)[ad!jv, a gland; <f>'v2,?iOV,
a leaf]. In biology, with leaves which bear glands.

Adenophyma [ad-en-o-fi/ -mall) [a&fjv, gland; cpv/na,
growth]. A swelling of a gland or ganglion; a
bubo.

Adenopodous {ail -en-op' -o-dns) [aSr/v, gland; ~o'rq,
foot]. In biology, bearing glands on the footstalk or
petiole.

Adeno-sarcoma (ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah) [adr/v, a gland;
cdpi;, flesh ; oma, a tumor: pl.,Adeno-sarcomata\. A
tumor with the characters of adenoma and sarcoma.

Adeno-scirrhus ( ad-en-o-skir'-us ) [ adi/v, gland ;
ovc/ppoc]. Adenoma with scirrhous or carcinomatous
elements.

Adenosclerosis (ad-en-o-skle-ro' -sis) [adip>, a gland ;
onXr/p6<;, hard]. A hardening of a gland, with or
without swelling.

Adenose (ad'-en-os) [adrjv, gland]. Glandular;
abounding in glands ; gland-like.

Adenosis [ad-en-o' -sis) [a&^v, a gland]. I. Any glandu-
lar disease. 2. Any chronic glandular disorder.

Adenotomy [ad-en-of '-o-nie) [a&fjv, a gland; to/lit/, a
cutting]. The anatomy of the glands; dissection or
incision of a gland.

Adenous [ctd'-en-us) [dd//v, gland]. See Adenose.

Adephagia [ad-e-fa' '-je-ah) [a6r)$ayia, gluttonous] . A
gluttonous appetite ; bulimia.

Adephagous [ad-ef'-ag-us) [aSrj^ayia\. (lluttonous.

Adeps [ad'-eps) [L., gen., Adipis\ Lard. The fat
obtained from the abdomen of the hog, Sus Scrofa.
Composed of 58 per cent, stearin and margarin, and
62 per cent, olein. Forms 70 per cent, of ceratum
and 80 of unguentum, q. v. A. anserinus, goose-
grease. A. benzoinatus, contains two per cent, of
benzoin. A. lanae hydrosus, hydrous wool-fat, the
purified fat of the wool of sheep. A. ovillus, mutton
suet. Adipis, Oleum, a fixed oil expressed from
lard. A. praeparatus (B. P.), purified fat of the
hog. Ung. Simp., contains white wax, benzoated
lard, and almond-oil. A. suillus, hogs' lard ;
adeps.

Adepsin [ad-ep'-sin) [adeps, lard]. A petrolatum
mjch like vaselin.

Adermia iuh-der' -me-ah) [a priv. ; iipfta, skin]. Ab-
sence or defect of the skin.

Adermonervia [ah-der-m n -ah) [<i priv.; tiepfta,

skin ; nervus,& nerve]. Loss or lack of nerve-stimulus
in the skin.

Adermotrophia [ah-der-mo-trof -fe-ak) [d priv. ; 61
skin; "/»".<//, nutrition]. Atrophy of the skin.

Adesmia [ah- desf -me-ah). See Adesmy.

Adesmosis [ah-des-mo' ■/<) [a priv.; fieafidg, a band].
Atrophy of the cutaneous connective ti-^ue.

Adesmy [ah-de '-me) [adea/xog, unfettered] . In botany,
the separation of pans normally entire or united.

Adglutinate [ad-glu' '-tin-at) . Same ttinate.

Adhatoda Vasica [ad-hat' '-o-dah vas'-ik-aK). Mala-
bar nut; leaves of A.justicia, a tree of the order of
Acanthaceae, growing in India. Expectorant and
anti-spasmodic. Dose of the fld. ext. 3 '4-)-

Adherence [ad-he'-rens) [adharere, to adhere]. See
. Xdhesion.

Adherent [ad-he' -rent) [adharere, to adhere]. In
botany, adnate ; the union of unlike structures.

Adhesion [ad-he' '-zhun) [adharere, to stick to]. Abnor-
mal union of two surfaces as a result of abrasion,
inflammation, etc. A., Primary, called also Healing
bv I-'irst Intention and by Immediate Union, a method
of healing of wounds by the production of lymph,
followed by the vascularization and cicatrization of the
exudate. A., Secondary, or Healing by Second
Intention, or by Granulation, is that mode of healing
attended by the production of pus and the formation
of granulations. A. Plaster. See Emplastrum.

Adhesive [ad-he' -siv) [adharere, to adhere]. Sticky,
tenacious. A. Inflammation, inflammation accom-
panied by plastic exudation, and tending to the union
of apposed surfaces. It may be reparative in its effect,
as in wounds, or it may be injurious in its results,
as in some cases of pleurisy. A. Plaster. See Resin
and Emplastrum.

Adiantum {ad-e-an' -turn) [d priv. ; diavroc, wettable].
A genus of ferns; the maiden-hair. A. capillus-
veneris and A. pedatum, of X. America, are service-
able in coughs. The demulcent and anti-hectic
remedy, capillaire, is prepared from the former.
Unof.

Adiaphoresis [ah-di-af-o-re' '-sis) [d priv. ; AtcKpopeveiv,
to perspire]. Deficient sweat.

Adiaphoretic [ah-di-af-o-ref -ik) [d priv. ; dia<jx>pti eiv,
to perspire]. Reducing the sweat ; anidrotic.

Adiaphorous [ad-i-af -or-us) [adtatjtopog, indifferent] .
Neutral ; inert ; doing neither harm nor good.

Adiapneustia [ah-de-ap-nus1 -te-ah) [a priv.; Am-rev-
arhiv, to perspire]. A stoppage of perspiration.

Adiathesia [ah-di-ath-e' '-se-ah) [d priv. ; dtatieeic, con-
dition]. A condition or particular disease that is
not congenital.

Adiathesic [ah-di-ath-e' -sih) [<i priv. ; An'itieaic, con-
dition]. Not connected with any diathesis.

Adiathetic [ah-di-ath-ef-ik) [a priv. ; diadeoig, condi-
tion]. Adiathesic.

Adicity [ad-is* -it-e). In chemistry, combining capacity,
according as an element or a compound is a monad.
dyad, etc. Same as Valency.

Adinin [ud'-in-in). See Adenin.

Adipate (ad'-ip-dt) [adeps, fat]. Any salt of adipic
acid.

Adipic (ad-ip'-ik) [adeps, lard]. < >f or belonging to
fat. A. Acid. See Acid.

Adipoceration [ad-ip-os-er-a'-shun) [adeps, fat ; eera,
wax]. The formation of adipocere.

Adipocere [ad'-ip-o-ser) [adeps, fat ; eera. wax]. A wax-
like substance formed by the exposure of fleshy tissue
to moisture, with the exclusion of air. i. ., in the

AI>ir< >GEN< >US

16

ADVANCKMKNT

eartli or under water. It rotisi-ts of the tatty acids in
combination with tin- alkaline earths ami ammonium.
Human bodies in moist burial places often undergo
this change.

Adipogenous j'-en-us) [adeps, fat; gignere, to

produce]. Producing fat ami adipose tissue.

Adipoma | na, a tumor: pi. ,

\ tatty tumor ; lipoma.

Adipomatous [ad-ip-o* '-mat-us) [adeps, fat; oma, a
tumor]. < )f the nature of adipoma.

Adipose it]. Fatty. A. Fin, the

fleshy, rayli - I tin of some fishes. A. Tissue,

fat cells unite. 1 by connective tissue; distributed ex-
tensively through the body. It is < omposed of triolein.
tripalmitin, and tristearin, and is liquid during life or
at the temperature of the living body.

Adiposis '-o-sis) [adeps, fat; osis, state]. Cor-

pulence; fatty degeneration; fatty infiltration. A.
hepatica, fatty degeneration or infiltration of the
liver.

Adipositas | '-it-as) [L.]. Fatness; corpulency.

Adiposity [ad-ip-os* -it-e). Fatness; corpulency.

Adipsia [ah-dip' -se-ah) [a priv. ; 6'npa, thirst]. Absence
of thirst.

Adipsic [ali-dip* -sili) [d priv. ; diipa, thirst]. Pertain-
ing to adipsia; quenching thirst.

Adipsous [ah-dip'-sus] [a priv. ; Silvia, thirst]. Quench-
ing thirst

Aditus [ad'-il-us) [ad, to; ire, to go]. In anatomy, an
entrance, as to any one of the radial canals of a sponge.
A. laryngis, the entrance to the larynx.

Ad'jective Col'oring Mat'ter. See Pigments, Colors,
and Dye- tuff's.

Adjuster [ad-jus' '-ter) [Fr. , adjuster, to adjust]. He
who or that which adjusts. A device formerly used
for the forcible reduction of dislocations.

Adjusting CoFlar. See Collar.

Adjustment, Coarse. Commonly, the rack and
pinion for raising or lowering the tube of a microscope
a considerable distance without lateral deviation.
A., Fine, the micrometer screw generally at the top of
the column of a microscope for raising or lowering the
tube slowly through a short distance.

Adjuvant [aj'-u-vant) [adjuvare, to assist]. A medicine
that as-i-ts the action of another to which it is added.

Admortal [ad-mor* -tal) [ad, to ; mors, mortis, death].
Moving from living muscular tissue toward that which
is dr. ill or dying, as electric currents.

Adnascent [ad-nas'-ent) [ad, to; nasci, to grow]. In
biology, growing upon or attached to something.

Adnata [ad-na'-lah) [ad, to; nasci, to be born, to
grow], i. The tunica adnata ; the conjunctiva; more
correctly, a tendinous expansion of the muscles of the
eye; it lies between the sclerotic and the conjunctiva.
2. One of the coats of the testicle. In zoology,
appendages of the skin, as scales, hair, feathers.

Adnate [ad' nat) [adnatus, grown to]. In biology,
congenitally attached or united.

Adnation [ad-na1 '-shun) [adnatus, grown to]. The
of being adnate.

Adnerval [ad-ner* -vol) [ad, to; nervus, a nerve].
Moving toward a nerve; said of electric currents in
muscular fiber

Adneural [ad-nu'-ral) [ad,to; ve'opov, a nerve]. A
term used t., describe a nervous affection in which the
disease is at the very point of the symptoms exclusively,
as in the form of an adventitious deposit.

Adnexa [ad-neks' -ah) [ad. to; nectere, to joint: />/.].
Adjunct part-, a- the adnexa of the uterus. A. bulbi,
the appendages of the bulb of the eye.

Adolescence (ad-:- ' n \ [adolescere, to grow].
Youth, or the period between puberty and maturity,

Usually reckoned as extending in males from about I4to
25 years, and in females from 12 to -' 1 Mais.

Adonidin [ad-on' -id-in) [Adonis~\. A glucosid derived
from Adonis vernalis, a plant indigenous in Europe
ami Asia. Recommended in cardiac dropsy. Dose
gr. ',-V I not.

Adonis aestivalis [ad-ot-nis es-tiv-a' -lis). A plant
much used in Italy a- a cardiac tonic. Similar pro
perries possessed by A. vernalis. Dose of lid. ext.
rrij-ij. A. Tinctura, do.se rr\,x— xxx.

Adoral [ad-o'-rat) [ad, near to; os, the mouth].
Situated near the mouth.

Adosculation [ad-os-ku-la' '-shun) [ad, to; osculari, to
kiss]. Impregnation by external contact without intro-
mission.

Adpressed, or Appressed [ad-presd' or ap-resd') [ad-
pressus\ Brought into contact with but not united.

Adradial [ad-ra'-de-al) [ad, near to; radius, a ray].
Near a ray, as the third series of tentacles in certain
hydrozoons. Cf. Interradial, Perradial.

Adradii [ad-ra/-de-i) [ail, near to; ratlins, a ray].
Special organs lying between the perradii and inter-
radii of medusae.

Adrectal [ad-rek' -tat) [ad, nearby; rectus, straight].
In biology, near the rectum, as certain glands.

Adrenal [ad-rS'-nal) [ad, near to; ren, the kidney]. In
biology, adjacent to the kidney.

Adrenals [ad-ref -nali) [ad, near to ; ren, the kidney].
The supra-renal capsules.

A'drian's Mix'ture. A hemostatic mixture containing
chloride of iron 25 parts, chloride of sodium 15 parts,
and water 60 parts.

Adrostral [ad-ros' '-trat) [ad, to, at; rostrum, beak].
In biology, belonging to or placed near the beak or
snout.

Adrue [ad-ru'-e). Anti-emetic root. The root of Cy-
perus articulatus. Strongly recommended to check
black vomit of yellow fever; anthelmintic, aromatic,
stomachic. Dose of the fid. ext. gtt. xx— xxx. LJnof.

Adscendent [ad-sen' -dent). See Ascending.

Adstriction [ad-strik' -shun) [adstrictis, a binding].
Ligation ; astringent action ; constipation.

Adsurgent, or Assurgent [ad-ser'-jent, as-ser'-jent)
[ad, to ; surgere, to rise]. Same as Ascending.

Adterminal [ad-ter' -min-at) [ad, near to; terminus,
the end]. Moving toward the insertion of a muscle;
said of electric currents in muscular fiber.

Adul Oil. An oil used in India for treating rheumatism.

Adult (ad-ult') [adolescere , adult us, to grow]. Mature ;
of full legal age. One of mature age. A. Sporadic
Cretinism. See Myxedetna.

Adulteration [ad-ul-ter-a' -shun) [adulterare, to cor-
rupt]. The admixture of inferior, impure, inert, or
less valuable ingredients to an article for gain, decep-
tion, or concealment. Medicines, wines, foods,
are largely adulterated.

Adumbrella [ad-um-breV-aK). In biology, the upper
surface of the velum in the medusae, the opposite of
exumbrella or Abumbrella.

Adumbrellar [ad-um-brel'-ar). In biology, pertaining
to the upper or outer surface of the velum in the
medusre ; opposed to abumbrellar.

Aduncous [ad-ut \ ad, to ; uncus, a hook, barb].

In biology, hooked, as the bill of a parrot or hawk.

Adust (ad-us/') [adustus, burned up]. Hot and dry;
parched.

Adustion [ad-us* '-chun) [adustus, burned up]. 1. The
quality of being adust. 2. Cauterization.

Advancement [ad-vans' '-ment) [M. E. , avancement].
An operation to remedy strabismus, generally in con-
junction with tenotomy, whereby the opposite tendon
from the over-acting one, having been cut, is brought

I

ADVENTITIA

47

.h\:< K I IMIA SCLEROCARPA

forward, so that, growing fast in a more advanced

position, it shall have more power to act upon the

globe of the eye. A., Capsular, an operation similar

to that on the tendon upon Tenon's capsule. It

must be distinguished from advancement by the fact

that the tendon itself is not divided.
Adventitia (ad-ven-tish' '-e-ah) \_adventitius, foreign].

The external covering or coat of the blood-vessels.
Adventitious {ad-ven-tish* '-us) [adventitius, foreign].

Accidental, foreign, acquired, as opposed to natural

or hereditary; occurring out of the ordinary or norma]

place or abode.
Adventive [ad-ven' -tiv). In biology, an incompletely

naturalized exotic.
Adverse (ad'-vers) [adversus, opposite]. In biology,

turned or directed toward the axis.
Adversifoliate [ad-ver-se-fo' -le-at) [adversus, opposite;

folium, leaf]. See Adversifolious.
Adversifolious [ad-ver-se-fo' '-/e-us) [adversus, opposite ;

folium, leaf]. In biology, having opposite leaves.
Adynamia [ah-din-a' '-me-ah) [opriv. ; tVwauic, power].

Deficiency or loss of vital or muscular power.
Adynamic {ak-din-am'-ik) [it priv. ; dvVafug, power].

Pertaining to or characterized by adynamia. A.

Fever. Synonym for Typhus lever, q. v.
JE-. See E-.
^Ecidioform [e-sid1 ' -e-o-forni) [alula, a wheal; forma,

form]. See /Ecidiostage.
iEcidiomycetes (e-sid-e-o-mi-se' -tez) [alula, a wheal ;

i'i K!/g, a fungus]. .Ecidium fungi, including many of

the rusts, blights, and mildews.
jEcidiospore {e-sid' -e-o-spor) [alula, a wheal; airopa,

seed, spore]. In biology, a fungal spore developed by

abstriction in a member of the genus sEcidium.
Ecidiostage [e-sid' -e-o-staj) [alula, a wheal; M. E. ,

stage]. The first stage in the reproduction of uredine

fungi. Same as ^Ecidioform.
Ecidium (e-sid' -e-um) [alula, a wheal; dim. , idtovl.

The cup-shaped organ producing the secidiospores in

the uredine fungi.
Edceagra (e-de-a'-grah). See Edeagra.
./Edceatrophia [e-de-at-ro' -fe-ah). See Edeatrophia.
Edceauxe (e-de-auks'-e). See Edeauxe.
./Edceitis [e-de-i'-tis). See Edeitis.
^Edceodynia (e-de-o-din' -e-ali). See Edeodynia.
Edceogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz' -mus). See Edeo-

^argalismus.
/Edceography (e-de-og'-ra-fe). See Edeography.
/Edceology [e-de-ol'-o-je). See Edeology.
^Edceomania (e-de-o-ma' -ne-ah). See Edeomania.
iEdceomycodermitis (e-de-o-mi-ko-der-mi' -tis). See

Edeomycodermitis.
./Edceopsy (e-de'-op-se). See Edeopsy.
jEdceoptosis {e-de-op-/o'-sis). See Edeoptosis.
Edceoscopy (e-de-os'-ko-pe). See Edeoscopy.
./Edceotomy (e-de-ot'o-me). See Edeotomy.
^Egagropila (e-gag-rop'-il-ah). Plural of Mgagropilus.
Egagropilus [e-gag-rop' -il-us) [alydypoc, a wild goat ;

-i'/.oq, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed of hair,

found in animals and occasionally in man. A bezoar.
Egilops (e'-jil-ops). See Egilops.
^Egithognathous [e-jith-og'-na-thus) [alyiftor. the

hedge-sparrow; yvadog, jaw]. Characterized by having

an anteriorly truncated vomer in union with the ali-

nasal wall and turbinals, as in passerine birds.
/Egobronchophony (e-go-broug-koff'-o-ne). See Ego-

bronchophonv.
jEgonia (e-go' -ne-ah) [L.]. A minor or slight egophony.
iEgophony [e-goff'-o-ne). See Egophouv.
.iEgyptia ulcera (e-/'ip'-she-ali ul'-ser-a/i) [L.]. Egyp-
tian ulcers ; a form of ulceration of the tonsils and

fauces.

JEiipathia. (ah-ip-ath'-e-ah) [a .always;

waBog, a suffering]. < 'onstant and incurable suffering.

iEluropodous [e-lu-rop* ' -o-dus) [aihovpog, cat; -
foot]. < at looted.

Eluropsis [el-u-rop* '-sis) [alXvpog, cat; bipig, appear-
ance]. ' (bliquity of the eve or of the palpebral
fissure.

jEquabiliter justo major, or minor Pelvis [e-kwa-
bil' -it-er\. See Peh

./Equator Oculi [e kwa'-tor ok'-u-li). See Equator.

Equilibrium [e-kwil-ib' '-re-um). See Equilibrium.

Aer [a'-er). See Air.

Aerated (a'-er-a-ted) [ai/p, the atmosphere]. Imi
nated or charged with carbon dioxid or air.

Aeration [a-er-a' '-shun) [afjp, air]. The process of
supplying or charging with air or with some j
such as carbon dioxid; the state of being supplied
with air or g

Aerenchyma [a-er-en/-kim-ah') [<"/[>, air; tyxtiv, to
pour]. In biology, cork-like plant tissue.

Aerendocardia [a-er-en-do-kar1 '-de-ah) [atfp, air; i
within ; Kapdia, heart]. The existence of air within
the heart.

Aerenterectasia (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta' -se-ah) [aijp, air;
hrrepov, intestine; EKraaig, distention]. Elatulence ;
distention of the abdomen by gas within the intes-
tines.

Aerhemoctonia [a-er-hem-ok-to/ -ne-ah) [afjp, air; alfia,
blood; KTovir, killing]. Death by the entrance of air
into the veins.

Aerhemotoxia (a-er-hem-o-toks'-e-ali) [ai/p, air; alfia,
blood; roiiKov, poison]. Sec Aerhemoctonia.

Aerial (a-e'-re-al). Pertaining to the air. A. Fistula.
See Fistula.

Aeriferous (a-er-if'-er-tts) [ai/p, air; ferre, to bear].
Conveying air, as the trachea and its branches.

Aerification [a-er-if-ik-a' -shun) [ahp, air; facere, to
make]. I. The process of charging with air; the
state of being charged with air. 2. Emphysema.

Aerifluxus (a-er-if-luks'-us) [ai/p, air; fluxus, flow].
Any abnormal escape of air, as by belching, flatulence,
etc.

Aeriperitonia ( a-er-ip-er-it-o-ne' -ah ) [ ai,p, air ; irepi,
around; relveiv, to stretch]. Peritoneal tympanites.

Aerobe t<i'-er-ob) [ai/p, air; filog, life]. One of the
aerobia. See Aerobic.

Aerobia (a-er-o' -be-ali) [ai/p, air ; life]. Plural

of Aerobe. ( )rganisms that require air or free oxygen
for the maintenance of life. A., Facultative, organ-
isms normally or usually anaerobic, but under certain
circumstances acquiring aerobic power.

Aerobic (a-er-ob'-ik) [ai/p, air ; 3ioc, life]. Requiring
oxygen (air) in order to live. A term applied to those
bacteria requiting free oxygen. Those that do not
grow in its presence are called anaerobic. Between
these extremes there are forms that are able to grow
without oxygen under favorable conditions, though
they make use of it when present; others that may
grow in its presence, though flourishing best in its
absence ; these are called respectively facultative
aerobes or facultative anaerobes, in distinction
from those first mentioned, which are called obliga-
tory aerobes or anaerobes.

Aerobiosis (a-er-o-bi-o'-sis) [ai/p, air ; ,3ior, life]. Eife
that requires the presence of air, or free oxygen.

Aerobiotic a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik) [afip, air; Qiurutdg, pertain-
ing to life]. Thriving only in the presence of free
oxygen.

/Erocomia sclerocarpa i e-ro-ko> '-me-ah skle-ro-kar'-
pah). A South American plant, verv popular as a
remedy in leucorrhea, diarrhea, and albuminuria. Il
is astringent. In >l

AER< >C< INISO >PE

1-

l STIVATION

Aeroconiscope {a-er-o-konf-is-kdp\ [<",/>, air; k6vuq,
dust; OKomeiv, to inspect]. A device foi collecting
dust from the air for microscopical observation.

Aerocyst (a/-er-osist) [at/p, air; Kvorig, bladder]. In
biology, the air-bladder of sea-weeds.

Aerodermectasia <-der-mei-ta' 'se-ah) \afip, air;

■ in, skin; lieraaic, distention]. Surgical emphy-
sema; distention of the subcutaneous connective tis-
sue by air.

Aeroenterectasia [a-er-o-en-ter-ek-ta1 'se-ah) [afjp, air;
.intestine; iicraatc, dilatation]. Distention of
the bowels with .

Aerognosy i ["/,/>, air; yvootg, knowl-

edge]. See ■ I

Aerography [a-er-og* -ra-fe) [a^p, air; ypa<p7/,SL writing].
The description of the air and it- qualities.

Aerohydropathy [a-er-o-hi-drop'-a-the) \_ni/p, air; vdup,
water: iraBog, disease]. Pneumatic treatment of dis-
ease, combined with hydropathy.

Aerohydrous [a-er-o-hi'-drus) [<"//>, air; vfiup, water].
Containing air and water, as certain minerals.

Aerology [a-er-ol' -o-je) \afip, air; 7u6yoc, treatise]. The
ience of the air and its qualities.

Aerometer [a-er-omf-et-er) ["///', air; plrpov, a measure].
An instrument for ascertaining the density of gases.

Aerometry i a-er-onif -et-re) [<i>/p, air; p&rpov, a measure] .
The science of measuring the density of gases.

Aerophobia fo'-be-ah) \at)p, air; <f>6 fioq, fear].

I head of a current of air ; a symptom of hydrophobia
and hysteria.

Aerophoby \a' -cr-o-fo-be) [ar/p, air; oo,3oc, fear]. See
Aerophobia.

Aerophone [a' '-er-o-fon) ["/,/». air; owiv/, sound]. An
instrument for increasing the amplitude of sound-
wa'

Aerophore [af -er-o-fbr) [nijp, air ; <popeiv, to carry]. I.
A device for the inflation of the lungs of a still-born
child with air. 2. A breathing apparatus to be used
by firemen and others, to prevent the inhalation of
noxious gases.

Aerophyte \a-er-o-fit) [aijp, air; fi'Tov, plant]. An air-
plant.

Aeropinic [a-er-o-pinf-ik) [af/p, air; iriveiv, to drink].
Affected with the habit of wind-sucking. Applied to
a horse that habitually bites his crib or manger and
swallows air.

Aeroplethysmograph (a-er-o-pleth-iz'-mo-graf) \aifp,
air; irfajdoq, fulness; ypcupeiv, to write]. An appara-
tus for registering graphically the expired air; the
latter raises a very light and carefully equipoised box
placed over water, and this moves a writing-style.

Aeropneumonectasia r-op-nu-mo-nek-ta' 'se-ah)

\_'t>/f), air; jrvebiwv, the lung; tKraoir;, distention].
Emphysema of the lungs.

Aerorrhachia Ui-cr-o-ra'-ke-ah) [afip, air; />«,£<?, the
-pine]. An accumulation of air or gas in the spinal
canal.

Aeroscepsy [a-er-oskep' se) [«//p, air; cuiinc, a view-
ing]. In zoology, the power of perceiving atin<>-
pheric changes.

Aeroscope ia'-er-o-skop) [ai/p, air; onoireiv, to observe].
An instrument for the examination of air-dust. Also,
an instrument for estimating the purity of the air.

Aeroscopy [a-er-os' '-ko-pe) [iii/p, air; gkottuv, to
observe]. The investigation of atmospheric condi-
tions.

Aerosis [a-er-of n | [atpeodai, to become air]. Gas for-
mation within the body.

Aerotherapeutics {a-e-ro-tker-a-pu'-tiks) \ai/p, air;
rve]. Pneumatotherapeutics ; a mode
of treating diseasi bj varying the pressure or the com-
position of the air breathed.

Aerotherapy [a-er-o-ther* '-a-pe) ["/,/>, air; depaneveiv, to

serve]. See Aerotherapeutics.
Aerothorax {a-er-o-tho* -raks) [«///>, air; 0&>pa%, the

chest]. See Pneumothorax.
Aerotonometer [a-er-o-to-nom' -et-er) \af]p, air ; t6voq,

tension ; uirpov, measure]. An instrument for estimating

the ten-ion of gases in the blood.
Aerotropism [a-er-of '-ro-pizm) ["/,/>, air; rphreiv, to

turn]. In biology, the deflection of roots from the

normal direction of growth by the action of gases.
Aerourethroscopy (a-er-o-u-rlth'-rosko-pe) [u'/p, air;

ovprjfipa, urethra; anonelv, to examine]. Urethroscopy

conjoined with inflation of the urethra with air.
Aerozoa [a-er-o-zo^-ah) [aijp, air; ^(fX>v, animal]. Same

as Aerobia.
Aerteriversion [a-er-ter-iv-er/shun) [a^p, air; rr/piecv,

to hold; vertere, to turn]. A method ol arresting

hemorrhage by everting the cut end of an artery, in-

vaginating the vessel in itself and fixing the parts by a

needle.
Aerteriverter [a-er-ter-iv-er'-ter) ["/'//>, air; -Tjpkeiv, to

hold; vertere, to turn]. An instrument used in per-
forating aerteriversion.
iEruginous (e-ru'-Jin-us). See Eruginous.
^Erugo (e-ru/-go) [L. , gen. sEruginis]. i. Rust of a

metal. 2. Subacetate of copper. JE. Ferri, the

subcarbrinate of iron. JE. Plumbi, lead carbonate,

or subcarbonate.
iErumna {e-rum'-naJi) [L,]. Mental distress, or

mental and physical distress combined.
JEs (ez) [I..]. Copper or brass. See Copper.
Eschrolalia (es-kro-la'-le-ah). See Eschrolalia
yEschromythesis (es-kro-mi-the'-sis). See Eschromy-

thesis.
^Esculin {cs' -ku-liii). See Esculin.
Esculus hippocastanum [es'-ku-lus hip-o-kas'-ta-

num) [L. ]. Horse-chestnut. The fruit of the com-
mon " buckeye," or horse-chestnut. Recommended

in hemorrhoids. Dose gr. iij. Unof.
/Estates (es-ta/-tez) [L., //.]. Freckles, or sunburn.

See Ephelis and Lentigo.
Esthacyte (es'-thasit) [atnflqoic, feeling; ki'toc, a

cell]. In biology, one of the sense-cells of sponges,

discovered by Stewart.
Esthematology {es-the-nieit-ol'-o-je). See Esthetna-

tology.
Esthesia {es-the'-ze-ah). See Esthesia.
/Esthesin (e^-thesin). See Esthesin.
,/Esthesiogen [es-the* se-o-jeri). See Esthesiogen.
/Esthesiography (es-the-se-og' -ra-fe). See Estht

raphy.
i^sthesiology {r.-these-ol'-o-jr). See Esthesiology.
.flLsthesiomania [es-the-sc-o-ma' -ne-ali). See Esthesio-

mania.
iEsthesiometer (es-the-sc-om' -et-er). See Esthesiom-

eter.
iEsthesiometry (es-these-om'-ct-i-e). See Es//iesiom-

etry.
^Esthesioneurosis [es-these-o-nu-ro,sis). See Esthe-

sioneurosis.
iEsthesis (es-the'sis). See Esthcsis.
iEsthesodic [es-thesod* '-ik). See Esthesodic.
Esthete (,:<' '-thct\ [< perceived by the senses].

In biology, one of the sense-organs of the Chitonida

described by Moseley.
iEsthetica [es-thef '-ik-ah) [aiaH//aic, percejition by the

senses]. Diseases characterized by impairment or

abolition of any of the senses.
iEsthophysiology (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'-o-je). See Eslho

phy
jSLstival (fs'-tiv-al). See Estival.
Estivation ( es-fh'-a'-shiot ). See Estiva/ion.

iESTUARIUM

49

AGALAXY

/Estuarium [es-tu-a* '-re-um). See Estuarium.
^stuation {es-tu-a* -shun). See Estuation.

JE%\.us (es'-tus) [I-]. 1 1 tat ; i »pei tally a flushing, or
sudden glow of heat. JE. volaticus, wildfire rash ;
strophulus.

JElas {e'-tas) [L.J. Age; a period of life. Set- /.

.flLthalium {e-thaf -le-uni) [ai&afog, smoke, soot i
ring to the spore-)]. In l>iology, a placentoid com-
pound plasmodium formed by certain mycetozoa, e. g. ,
the (lowers of tan.

iEther {e/-ther). See Ether.

iEtherism {e'-ther-izm). See Etherism.

iEthiopification {e-the-op-if-ik-a' -shun) . See Ethiopi-
fication.

^thiopiosis {e-lhe-op-e-o'-sts). See Ethiopification.

/Ethiops (e'-the-ops) [aidioty, an Ethiopian]. An old
term for any black mineral powder used in medicine.
JE. antimonialis, a black triturate of mercury,
antimony, and sulphur, made after several distinct
formulae. JE.. martialis, blat :k iron deutoxid. JE.
mineralis, black amorphous triturate of mercury with
sulphur, in various proportions.

iEthusa (e-lhu'-sah). See Ethusa.

iEthusin [e-thu'-sin). See Etkusin.

Etiology [e-te-ol'-o-je). See Etiology.

Afebrile {ah-fc'-bril) [ <i priv. ; febrilis, feverish].
Without fever.

Afetal (ah-fe'-tal) [d priv. ; fetus, an offspring] . With-
out a fetus.

Affection {af-ek' '-shun) \affccre, to affect]. A syno-
nym of disease.

Affective {af-ek' -tir) \afficere, to affect]. Exciting emo-
tion. A. Faculties, the emotions and propensities —
especially those peculiar to man. A. Insanity, emo-
tional or impulsive insanity.

Affectus {af-ek' -fns) [L.]. A disordered condition.
A. animi, an attection of the mind ; mental disorder.
A. suffocatorius. Synonym of Diphtheria.

Afferent {af'-er-enf) [afferens, carrying to]. Carrying
toward the center. Of nerves : conveying impulses
toward the central nervous system ; sensory, centri-
petal. Of blood-vessels : those, as arteries, conveying
blood to the tissue, sometimes also to the gills. Of
lymphatics : those conveying lymph to a lymphatic
gland. Compare Efferent.

Afferentia, or Vasa afferentia {ya'-sah af-er-en'-she-
ah) [L.]. I. The lymphatic vessels. 2. Any vessels
carrying blood or lymph to an organ.

Affiliation {af-il-e-a* -shun) [ad, to; filius, son]. In
medical jurisprudence, the act of imputing or affixing
the paternity of a child in order to provide for its
maintenance.

Affinity (afin'-it-e) \affinis, akin to]. Relationship.
A synonym of Attraction. A., Chemical, the force
exerted at inappreciable distances, and between definite
and invariable weights of two or more combining sub-
stances, whereby bodies of dissimilar nature unite to
form new compounds. Contradistinguished from co-
hesion, which is an attraction between molecules. A.,
Elective, the preference of one substance for another
rather than for a third or fourth. Affinity is spoken of
as compound, developed, disposing, divellent, intermedi-
ate, quiescent, reciprocal, or synthetic, according to the
part it plays, or is conceived to play, in any chemical
process.

Alum {af'-e-um) [Arab., .-////?//]. The Asiatic name
for opium.

Afflate {af-laf) \_afflatus, blown upon]. Sudden in its
attack ; overwhelming.

Afflatus {afla'-tus) [L., "a blowing upon"]. I. A
draft or blast of air. 2. A sudden attack. J. A sup-
posed inspiration or divine influence.
4

Affluence {af'-lu-ens) [affluenlia, from affluere, to flow
to]. A determination or influx, a- of blood to a
part.

Affluent (af -lu-ent) \affiuens, (lowing to]. 1'ioducing
a congestion ; determinant ; (lowing in or upon.

Afflux (af'-lux) Xaffluere, affluxus, to (low toward].
The How of the blood or other liquid to a particular
part.

Affluxion ( af-luk' -shun ) \_affluere, affluxus, to flow
toward]. See Afflu \.

Affusion (af-u'-zhun) \_affusio, affuude/e, to pour
upon]. Pouring water upon a substance to cleanse it.
or upon the body in fevers to reduce temperature and
calm nervous symptoms.

A -form Chronoscope. See Chronoscope.

African {af '-rik-an\ \Africa, Latin name of the country].
Pertaining to Africa. A. Arrow-poison. See Stro-
phanthus. A. Date-mark. See Furunculus orien-
talis. A. Fever. Synonym of Dengue. A. Gum,
gum arabic. See . I, a, ia. A. Lethargy, or Nelavan,
a "sleeping sickness" affecting negroes of the West
African coast. Increasing somnolence 1- the character-
istic symptom. It is very fatal. Death after emaciation
follows in from three to six months. Post-mortem
examination has revealed hyperemia of the arachnoid,
and it is asserted that this " sleeping sickness " is only
one of the symptoms of Filariasis, </. v. No treatment
avails. A. Pepper, Chillies; the intensely biting fruit
of Capsicum fastigiatum. See Capsicum.

After [af'-ter) [A. S., after, back]. 1. The amis. The
buttocks. 2. Next in succession. A. Action, the
negative variation in an electrical current continuing
for a short time in a tetanized muscle. A. Birth, the
popular designation of the placenta, cord, and mem-
branes, sometimes called the secundines. A. Brain.
See Hindbrain and Mefencephalon. A. Care, the care
or nursing of convalescents ; specifically, the treatment
of patients discharged as cured from lunatic asylums.
A. Cataract, Cataracta Secundaria : an opacity of the
media of the eye after operation for cataract due to
opacification of the capsule or to non-absorption of the
remains of the lens-substance. A. Damp, a poisonous
mixture of gases, such as carbon monoxid and
carbon dioxid, found in coal mines after an explosion
of inflammable gases. A. Hearing, a neurotic con-
dition in which sounds are heard after the wave-motion
that produces them has ceased. A. Images, con-
tinued retinal impressions after the stimulus of the
light or image has ceased to act. A positive after-
image is a simple prolongation of the sensation ; a
negative after-image is the appearance of the image in
complementary colors. After-sensations may be also
experienced with other senses. A. Milk, the strip-
pings : the last milk taken from the teat at any one
milking. It is peculiarly rich in butter, as compared
with the fore-milk. A. Pains. See Pains. A. Per-
ception, the perception of a sensation after the stimulus
has passed away. A. Sensation, a sensation lasting
longer than the stimulus producing it. A. Taste, a
gustatory sensation produced some time after the stimu-
lus has been removed. A. Treatment. See . I. Care.

Afterings {af'-ter-ingz) [A. S., eefter, after]. See
After-milk.

Agacement des Dents [Fr.]. The unpleasant sensa-
tion of teeth " set on edge " from contact of acid-.

Agalactia {ah-gal-ak1 '-te-ah) [<i priv.: ydToa., milk].
Failure or insufficiency of the mother" s milk after
childbirth.

Agalactous [ah-gal-ak' -tus) [a priv.; ;<//«, milk].
1. Without milk. 2. Not suckled ; not nourished with
milk.

Agalaxy {ah-gal'-ak-se). See Agalactia.

AG \i i i m ha

;.i)

AGGD IMERATE

Agallocha | ag-alf ; the lignum

aloes]. The milky jui< tm. a

small ' India. The juice is very acrid, and

when brought in contact with the skin blisters it. I sed
locally for the cure of leprosy. Unof.

Agallochum urn) [djdAAo^ov, the lignum

aloes]. Same as . or the wood of the tree

that produces it . ;. or aloes-wood.

Agalorrhea, <>i Agalorrhcea re/-ah) [d priv. ;

.■.milk; pieiv, to flow]. A cessation of the flow
.it milk.

Agamic i [d priv.; yd/zoc, marriage], i.

In biology, not sexual; not pertaining to the ?e.\ual
relation; asexual reproduction; parthenogenesis.

Agamogenesis [ah-gam-o-jen' '-es-is) [d priv.;

marriag aeration]. Reproduction without

fecundation. . by gemmation. See Parth

Agamogenetic [ah-gani-o-jen-ef -ik) [d priv.; ;
mat Deration]. Pertaining to Agamo-

Agamospore [ah-gam' -o-spor) [dpriv.; yd//oc, marri

ring]. In biology, an asexually produced

Aganactesis [ag-an-ak-te' -sis) [ayavaKr^atg, physical
pain]. Irritation; physical pain or uneasy sensation.

Aganoblepharon [ag-an-o-blej '-ar-on j

mild-eyed]. Adhesion of the eyelids to each other.

Agar-agar ;' %ar-a'-gar) [Ceylon], A kind of glue
made from certain sea- weed.-. >uch as Gracilaria
lich irtina speciosa, used in medicine

to make suppositories, and in bacteriological studies to
make a solution in which microorganisms are bred or
kei >se.

Agaric [ag-ar'-ik) [ , a fungus employed as

tinder by the Agari of Sarmatia], A fungus of the
genus Agaricus, e.g., the mushroom and toadstool.
See Agaricus.

Agaricic Acid | ag-ar-isf-ik as'-id) . See . Icid, Agaricic.

Agaricin (ag-ar' -is-in) [see Agaric"], CIBH30Os 11,''.

A white crystalline substance, the active principle of

iricus albtts. It has proved useful in the night

of phthisis where atropia has failed. Dose gr.

Unof.

Agaricus ' -ik-us) [see Agaric]. A genus of

the family of Agaricini or Mushrooms. A. a
Purging Agaric, unof., a fungus parasite upon the
European Larch; it contains an alkaloid, agaricin, and
iric arid. It is used as a drastic purgative, and is
valuable in night sweats. Dose gr. xxx-:jj as a pur-
gative; gr. xv in night sweats. A., Ext., Alcohol.
Dose gr. iij— vj. A., Ext., Liq. l>ose rrLiij— xx . A.,
Tinct. Dose rtVxx-^j. The edible specie-, ./.
campestris, is characterized by a brownish color,
that doc- not change when cut, and an agreeable taste.
./. ckirurgorum , Surgeon's Agaric, a parasitic fungus
iierly used for Moxa, q. v. Soaked in solution
of potassium nitrate it forms spunk. A. mus-
carius, Fly Agaric, a poisonous mushroom, containing
an alkaloid, Muscarin, q.v.,z powerful cardial
sant. Dose of the alkaloid gr. * s — i j . Muscarin
Nitrate, used hypodermatically. Dose gr. fo j.

Agaster [ah-gas' -ter) [n priv. ; yaorfip, the stomach].
An animal without a stomach.

Agastric {ah-gas* -trik) [d priv.; . the stomach].

Having no intestinal canal, as the tape- worm-.

Agastronervia i [d priv. ; ya

the stomach; nervus, a nerve or sinew]. See ./
n n ia.

Agastrcneuria ah) [d priv. ; yao

the stomach ; I )eficiency in the

stimulus sent to the stomach.

Agathin [agf-ath-in) [dyafldc, good], <"t.II4(< >H).CH.-
N.N .< Mi1 ,11,. Salicyl-a^Ma-rnethyl-phenyl-hydra-
/one, obtained by the interaction of salicylic aldehyd,
and alpha-methyl phenyl-hydrazin. It i- a greenish

white, crystalline substance, without odor oi taste,
insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, and
melt- at 740 C. I sed a.- an anti-neuralgic in di
of eight grains, two or three time- daily. Its action is
cumulative. Unof.

Agave i ; . noble], A large genus of

amaryllidaceous plant-, natives of North America. ./.
americana, American Aloe, the leaves of a plant
growing in North America. It i- diuretic and anti-
syphilitic. Dose of the lid. ext, 3ss-j. The fresh
juice l- al-o similarly employed. The fermented
juice, called pulque, is a moderately stimulant drink,
very popular in Mexico. Unof.

Age i ej) [M. 1'... ag, ]. The length of time a being has
existed; also, a certain stage in life. The period of
lite is divided into a succession of ages, a- follows :
i. Infancy, from birth to the appearance of tin tem-
porary teeth. 2. Childhood, from the cutting of the
first permanent teeth to puberty. 3. Youth, from puberty
to the attainment of the full stature, that i.-, 18 or 19
for girls, 21 to 22 for boys. 4. Maturity, covers the
interval from youth to the climacteric. 5. Old-age, or
period of decline. < >ther divisions may be made, as,
e.g., those of embryonic life, of immaturity, of ma-
turity, of sterility, 1 . .

Agenesia {ah-jen-e'-se-ah} [d priv. ; , 1 «c, generation].
A term somewhat loosely u^ed to designate abnormal
or imperfect development. Also impotence and ster-
ility. In botany, the asexual development of the
(lower.

Agenesis {ah-jen' '-es-is) [d priv. ; yiveaig, generation].
I. Impotence ; barrenness. 2. Incomplete and defect-
ive development.

Agenosomus [ah-jen-o-sof -mus) [d priv. ; yewav, to
beget; capa, body]. A variety of single autositic
monsters, of the species Celosoma in which there is a
lateral or median eventration occupying principally the
lower portion of the abdomen, while the genital and
urinary organs are either absent or very rudimentary.

Agens [a'-jenz) [L.]. An agent. A. Morbi. See
Morbi.

Agent [af-jent) [ .• . to act, to do]. A substance or
force that by its action effects changes in the human
body.

Agenus [aj'-en-us) [d priv.; offspring]. Cellu-

lar plant-.

Agenya {ah-jen* -e-ah) [d priv.; ykwg, chin]. Congenital
absence of the chin.

Agerasia (aj-er \hyrjpaaia, eternal youth].

Vigorous old age ; age without its wonted feebleness

and del ;i\ .

Ageusia ih or ah-ju' '-se-ah) [d priv.; yeiiatg,

taste]. Abolition of the sense of taste.

Ageustia (ah-giis'-te-ah) [dpriv.; yevaig, taste]. Same
as . /, eusia.

Agger (,//'-, vi [1..]. In anatomy, a pile or mound. A.
nasi, an anterior prolongation and elevation ol the
mucous membrane covering the middle turbinated
bone; its direction i- almost parallel with the dorsal
ridge of the nose, running forward and downward till
it reaches verj nearly to the anterior aperture ol the
nostril. A. valvulse venae [//.. ./ valvula'-

rum vena'runi], the eminence of a venous valve;
a projection within the lumen of a vein at the junction
of a valve.

Agglomerate omerare, to wind into

a ball]. Grouped "i clustered; massed. Crowded
into 1 A. Glands. See (.ilaud.

AGGLUTINANT

r.l

AGRK (RIGANUM

Agglutinant [ag-lu' -tin-ant) [agglutinare, to paste to].
Promotive of repair by adhesion ; favorable to agglu-
tination.

Agglutinate [ag-lu' '-tin-St) [agglutinare, to paste to].
In biology, to ^lui- together; to unite by adhesion.

Agglutination [ag-lu-tin-a' -shun) [agglutinare, to glue
upon or tn]. A joining i- applied

healing of wounds ; it is called immediate, if by the
first intention ; m dia . if through tin- intermediation
some natural plastic material.

Agglutinative [ag-ltt' -tin-a-tiv) {agglutinare, to glue

upon or to], i. Favoring agglutination; adhesive.

2. Any substance with adhesive properties, fitted to

in the r.l-. -hi wounds in apposition. Such are

caoutchouc, collodion,

Aggravation [ag-ra-va' -shun) [ . to make

worse]. Increa.M- in severity, as of a disease, symp-
tom, or pain

Aggregate i at) [a, I, to; gregare, to collect

into a flock]. Grouped into a mass. A. Glands.
See' Gland.

Aggregation ra'-shun) [ad, to; gregare, to col-

lect into a flock]. I. The massing of materials
together. 2. A congeries or collection of bodies,
mostly of such as an- similar to each other.

Agitation [aj-it-a' '-shun) [agitare, to excite, arouse].
I. Fatiguing restlessness with violent motion ; mental
disturbance. 2. A stirring or shaking, as in phar-
macy.

Aglet! Aiglet [ag'-let, dg/-let) [M. E.]. In biology, a
drooping anther or catkin.

Aglia {ag'-le-ah) [L.]. A speck or spot upon the
cornea or on the white of the eye.

Aglobulia [ah-glo-buf -le-ah) [a priv.; globulus, a glo-
bule]. A decrease in the quantity of red blood
corpuscles, with corresponding increase of serum.

Aglobulism [ah-glob' -u-lizm) [d priv. ; globulus, a
globule]. Aglobulia; oligocythemia.

Aglobulous [ah-glob' -u-lus) [d priv.; globulus, a glo-
bule]. Characterized by aglobulia.

Aglossia {ah-glos' '-e-ak) [d priv. ; ;><L<7<7«, the tongue].
Congenital absence of the tongue.

Aglossostoma [ah-glos-os' '-to-mah) [d priv. ; yXacoa,
the tongue ; OTOfia, the mouth]. A fetal monster in
which there is a mouth without a tongue.

Aglossus [ah-glosf -us) [ayhuooog, without a tongue].
A person without a tongue.

Aglutition \ali-glu-tishf-un) [a priv. ; glutire, to swal-
low]. Difficulty in swallowing; inability to swallow.

Agmatology [ag-mat-ol' '-o-je) [ayp.6g, a fracture; Aoyog,
discourse] . The science or study of fractures.

Agmen (agf-men) [agmen, a multitude]. In biology,
a taxonomic group between a class and an order.

Agminate [ag/-min-dt) [agmen, a multitude]. Aggre-
gated, clustered. A. Glands. See Gland, Peyer's.

Agnail (ag'-udl) [A. S., angncegl\ I. Hangnail. 2. A
whitlow. 3. A corn on the toe or foot.

Agnathia (ag-na' '-the-ah) [a priv. ; yvadog , a jaw] . Ab-
sence or defective development of the jaws.

Agnathus [agf -na-thus) [a priv. ; yvadog, a jaw]. A
monster with no lower jaw.

Agnea, or Agncea [ag-ne/-ah) [ayvoia, want of percep-
tion]. A condition in which the patient does not
recognize things or persons.

Agnew's Operations. See Operations, Tabic of.

Agnew's Rectal Chemise. An appliance for con-
trolling hemorrhage from the rectum. It consist:
a gum catheter to the end of which are attached three
square pieces of mosquito-netting. These are moist-
ened with a solution of the persulphate of iron, and
the whole introduced into the rectum, where it acts
as a plug.

Agnin ■■ ;' nin) [agnu , a lamb], A fatty -ub^tance

derivable from sheep's wool, unmixed with water; it

is harder, darker, and ble in color and odor

than lanolin. See Lanolin ami Suint.
Agnma Membrana | ■ ./, ni'-nah mem-bra'nah) [I-.].

•■ The lamb like, or woolly, membrane," — the amnion.
Agnus castus [ag/-nui I [!••]■ The cl

:;ts ens/ us ; iti

formerly used as a preservative of chastity, and its

homeopathic preparations are still exhibited a.-,

phri nli-i
-ago'ga, -agogue [i] me who leads]. A suffix,

demiting agents that drive out other substances, as em-

menagogues, lithagog
Agomphiasis (ah-gom-Ji' '-as-is) [a priv. ; ;

tooth], Sam n pilosis.

Agomphious [ah-gom* -fe-us) [ , toothl

Without teeth.

Agomphosis (ah ' ds) [dpriv. ; .a tooth].

I. Absence of the teeth. 2. A loosening or looseness
of the t

Agonia 1 ve-ah) [ayuvia, a conte.it or struggle].

I. Distress of mind ; ext juish. 2. Thedi

struggle. [ayovog, barren]. Ba ; sterility;

impotence. A. Bark. la.

Agoniadin (ag-on-i' '-ad-in) [ayovog, barren], Cj0Hu< ',,.
A glucosid found in Agonia bark, and used as an anti-
periodic.

Agonous [ag/-o-nui | [ayovog, unfruitful]. Barren ; im-
potent.

Agony [ag/-o-ne) [ayuvia, a content or struggle]. Vio-
lent pain; extreme' anguish; the death-struggle.

Agoraphobia [ag-o-ra-fo' -be-ah) [dj o/jd, a market-place,
assembly; (popog, fear]. 1. A morbid fear of open
places or spaces; kenophobia. 2. Dread of assem-
blies; morbid dislike of crowds or of associating with
others.

Agoriada {ag-o-re-ah'-dah) [Sp.]. The Brazilian tree,
Plumieria laud folia, and its febrifuge bark.

Agoriadin [ag-o-ri' '-ad-in) [Sp.], C10H14OB. A glu-
cosid, probably the active principle of Agoriada.

-agra [aypa, a seizure]. A Greek word added as a
suffix to various roots to denote seizure, severe pain ;
as podagra, etc.

Agrammatism (ah-gram' -at-izm) [a priv. ; ypaupa, a
word]. A phenomenon of aphasia, consisting in the
inability to form words grammatically, or the suppres-
sion of certain words of a phrase. See Aphasia.

Agraphia (ah-graf-e-ah) [it priv.; ypd<peiv, to write].
Inability to express ideas by writing. In some cases
not a single letter can be finned; in others, words,
and a number of words, without meaning, can be
written. See Aphasia. A., Musical, pathological
loss of the ability to write musical notes.

Agraphy \ag'-ra-fe) [a priv.; ypayeiv, to write]. Same
as Agraphia.

Agrestial (ag-res' '-te-al) [agrestis, rural]. In biology,
growing wild in the fields.

Agria ( ■ 1 [ayptoc, wild]. A pustular eruption ;

malignant pustule ; herpes.

Agrielcosis [ag-re-el-ko/-sis) [aypiog, wild; e'/.Kooig,
ulceration]. A malignant or uncontrollable ulcera-
tion.

Agrimony (ag* '-rim-o-ne) [ayp6g, a field ; u6vog, alone].
The root of Agrimonia eupatoria. A mild astringent.
Dose of tld. ext. ^ -- \\. L'nof.

Agriopsoria (ag-re-op-so/-re-ah) [ayptog, wild; i'upa,
itch]. An incurable or severe attack, or variety, ot
itch.

Agrioriganum [ag-re-o-rig'-an-um) [aypiog, wild ;
bpiyavov, origanum]. Wild Marjoram, Origanum
arc.

AGRK »'l IIVMIA

:,•>

AIR

Agriothymia ■tklm/-e-ah | [akpioq, wild ; ft

mind, will]. Maniacal fury; it is variously divided
oi i lassed .1- ambitious, hydrophobic, religious, etc.

Agrippa | [L.]. -^ person born with the

feet foremost.

Agromania te-ah) [aypdf, a field; /•

madness]. A mania for living in the country.

Agrostography [aypuortc, conch-

grass; t" write], S I ostology.

Agrostology " conch-grass;

/.;..'). to speak of]. Tin- botan) of grass

Agrypnetic \.-J< ^rip-net' '-ik) [u priv.; inrvog, sleep]. I.
Sleepless; wakeful. 2. Preventing sleep ; agrypnotic.

Agrypnia ~ipf-ne-ak) [aypioc, restless; inrvog,

sleep]. I — "I sleep, sleeplessness, Insomnia, ,/.v.

Agrypnocoma [ah-grip-no-kor -mah) [iypi/Trvog, sleep-
[ess ; KUfia, coma]. Coma vigil ; wakeful lethargy,
with low muttering delirium.

Agrypnotic [ak-grip-notf -ik) [a priv. ; Djtvoc, sleep].
1. Preventing sleep; causing wakefulness. 2. A
medicine that prevents si

Aguardiente ir-de-enf-td) [Sp.]. Ardent spirits ;

brandy or rum.

Ague 1 [acutus, -harp, acute ; Yv. , <ii-it~\. Malarial

or intermittent fever, characterized by paroxysms, or
stages, of chill, fever, and sweating at regularly recur-
ring times, and followed by an interval or intermission
whose length determines the epithets, quotidian, ter-
tian, etc. In some cases there is a double paroxysm,
ami hence called double quotidian, double tertian.
The duration of each paroxysm varies from two to
twelve hours. The most frequent and important com-
plication of intermittent fever is pneumonia, the con-
solidation occurring very suddenly. In tin- blood of
many malarial patients a minute hematozoan, the
hematomonas malaria, has been found. They are
seen in the red corpuscles, are hyaline, and include
pigment granules. They gradually increase in size,
till the cell, a process of segmentation occur.-, tin-
cell wall break- down, and the segments, each contain-
ing a pigment granule, are set free. These are oval
and possess one to three llagella. These bodies dis-
appear under the use of quinin. A. Aden. See
Dengue. A., Brass-founders', a disease common
among bra-- founders, characterized by symptoms
somewhat resembling an imperfect attack of inter-
mittent fever, the recurrence of the paroxyms, however,
rig irregular. The direct cause 1- generally thought
to be the inhalation of the fumes of deflagrating zinc or
"spelter." A., Brow, intermittent neuralgia of the
brow. A. Cake, chronic enlargement of the spleen
in diseases of malarial origin. A., Catenating, ague
associated with other diseases. A. Drop. See Fowler's
Solution. A., Dumb, latent ague; masked ague;
ague with no well-marked chill, and with at most only
partial or -light periodicity. A., Latent, sec .-/.,
Dumb. A., Leaping, a term for the dancing mania.
A., Masked. See . /. Dumb. A. Tree, common
jafras. A. Weed. 1. See Grindelia. 2. The
1: 11 p< 1 tor nini perfolialum, or thorough-wort.

Agynary [aj' -in-a-re) [</ priv.; ,>■'',. female]. In
biology, having no pistil, as a double flower.

Agynous [ajf in «j)[opriv.; ywij, female]. In biology,
destitute of female reproductive organs.

Ahypnia [ak-hip '-ne-ak) [« priv. ; sleep].

Sleeplessness.

Ahypnosis [ah- kip-no* -sis) \avnvia, sleepl-

Entire absence of the capacity to sleep, most marked
in insanity.

Aichmophobia [ak-mo-ftZ-be-ah) [«<y///, , a spear point ;
. to fear]. An extravagant dread of -harp or
pointed instruments.

Aid-Forceps [ad' '-/or-seps) [Fr., aide; forceps"]. A
device for making safe and effective tracii.ni upon the
obstetrical forceps by means of a fillet or tape and a
dj namometer.

Aidoio- [a-doi'-d). See Ede

Aidoiomania [a-doi-o-mar-ne-ah). See Edeomania.

Aiglet [a See . Igiet.

Aigret, Aigrette [a'-gret, a-gret'). In biology, same as
Egret.

Ailanthus [a-lan* -thus) [Malacca, Ailanto, "tree of
heaven"]. The bark of ./. glandulosa, commonly
known as Tree of Heaven. Properties due to an
oleore-in and a volatile oil. A nauseant ami drastic
purgative, constituting an excellent anthelmintic against
tape-worm. A, Ext. Fid. Dose tr^x-gj. A., Tinct.
I >ose n\x— 3 ij.

Ailing [al'-ing) [M. K. , eyle\ Indisposed; out of
health ; not well.

Ailment [aV-ment 1 [M. E. , eyle~\. A disease ; sickness;
complaint; usually used in reference to chronic dis-
order-.

Aimorrhea {am-or-e' -ah) [<«7'<7> blood ; /Wa,a flowing].
A bleeding, or hemorrhage.

Ainhum (in-yoonf) [negro word, meaning to saw"]. A
disease in Guinea and Hindostan, peculiar to negroes,
in which the little toes are slowly and spontaneously
amputated at about the digito plantar fold. Theprocess
is very .-low, doe- not affect other toes or parts, is un-
accompanied by any constitutional symptoms, and its
i ause is unknown. It sometimes attacks the great toe.
Called al-o Dactylo'ysis spontanea.

Air \_iii/j> from aeiv, to blow, or breathe]. The chief
part of the atmosphere. Atmospheric air consists
of a mixture of 77 parts by weight, or 79.19 by vol-
ume, of nitrogen, and 23 part- by weight, or 20.81 by
volume, of oxygen, with 3.7 to 6.2 parts by volume of
< !t 1., in 10,000 parts. loo cubic inches weigh 30,935
grain-. The pressure of the air at sea-level is about
14 \,. pounds upon the square inch. A., Alkaline,
free or volatile ammonia. A., Azotic, nitrogen. A.
Bag. See A. Cushion. A. Bath, therapeutic ex-
posure to air that may be heated, condensed, or
variously medicated. See Bath. A. -bed, an air-
tight, rubber, inflated mattress employed in conditions
requiring long confinement to bed. A. -bladder. See
./. r ncle. A Bubbles, in microscopy, are prepared
by heating a drop of thin mucilage. They are useful
as a test for central light. In oblique light the bright
spot will appear on tin- side away from the mirror.
A. -cell, an air-sac; an air-vesicle of the pneumonic
tissue. A., Complemental, is that that can still
be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration. A. Con-
duction, a method of testing the hearing power by
mean- of a watch held at varying distances from the
ear, or by tin- employment of a number of tuning
forks of varying pitch. See Bone Conduction. A.-
cure, the therapeutic employment of air. A. -cush-
ion. A cushion filled with air; usually made of soft
india-rubber. A., Dephlogisticated, an old name
for ( Ixygen. A. -douche. The inflation of the
middle ear with air. A. -duct. See Pint. A.-
embolism, free air in the blood vessels during life,
or the obstruction due to it. A., Expired, that
driven from the lungs in expiration. A., Facti-
tious, carbon dioxid. A., Fixed, an old name tor
carbon dioxid (carbonic acid). A. Hunger. See
Diabetes mellitu . A., Inspired, that taken into the
lungs on inspiration. A., Mephitic, carbon dioxid.
A. -meter. See Anemomett r. A. Passages, the
nan-, mouth, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes.
A., Phlogisticated, nitrogen. A. -pump, an appar-
atus for exhausting or compressing air. A., Rererve

AJ< )\VAN

53

ALBICATK >\

or Supplemental, that that can still be exhaled after
an ordinary expiration. A., Residual, that remain-
ing in the lungs after the most complete expiration
possible. A. -sac. See Air-vesicle. A. -space, a
space in tissue tilled with air or other gases arising
from the separation, rupture, or absorption >>l cells.
A., Stationary, that remaining in tin- lungs 'luring
normal respiration. A., Supplemental. See ./.,
Reserve. A. -tester, an instrument lor testing the
impurity of the air. A., Tidal, that taken in and
given out at each respiration. A. -vesicle, any small
air-space, especially the expanded terminal portion of
a minute or ultimate bronchial vessel. A., Vital, an
old name for ( >xygen. See Atmosphere.

Ajowan iaj'-oo-an) [E. End.]. Bishop's Weed. The
fruit of Ammi copticum. Carminative and antiseptic.
It has been recommended in coin:, diarrhea, etc. Dose
of the ild. ext. tT^x-xxx.

Akamathesia, Akamathesis. See Akatamathesia.

Akanthesthesia [a-kan-thes-the' '-ze-ah ) [atcavOa, a
thorn; iioBi/oig, sensation], A form of paresthesia
or perverted sensation in which there is a feeling as
of a sharp point.

Akanthion [a-kan'-the-on). See Acanthion.

Akatamathesia [ah-kat-am ath-e' '-ze-ah) [dpriv.; nara-
U&dqoig, understanding]. Inability to understand.

Akataphasia [a-kat-af-a'-se-ah). See Acataphasia.

Akazga ya-ka z'-gaK) [African]. A poisonous plant of
West Africa, probably a Strychnos. Also its bark,
and an amorphous extractive derived from it. It is
one of the African ordeal poisons and contains
akazgin.

Akazgin {a-kaz'-giri) [African]. An alkaloid from
akazga ; its effects are much like those of strychnia.

Akene [ak'-en). See Achenium.

Akido-galvano-cautery [ak-id-o-gal-van-o-ka-uZ-te-re)
[(i/v'C, needle ; Galvani; icawfypiov, a branding-iron].
Galvanic cauterization by the needle electrode.

Akidopeirastic (ak-id-o-pi-ras'-tik) [aid], aide, needle ;
TzeipaariKoq, proving]. Relating to the exploratory
puncture of a diseased area by means of a stout needle.

Akinesia {ah-kin-e'-se-ah). See Acinesia.

Akinesis [ah-kin-er -sis) [a priv. ; Karqaic, quiescence].
Absence or imperfection of movement. Applied to the
heart's diastole and to immotility of the iris ; also to any
lack of motility, especially when due to some central or
cerebral cause. A. Algera, an affection manifested
by voluntary abstinence from movement on account of
the pain of movement, without any apparent cause of
pain.

Aknemia [ak-ne'-me ah). See Acnemia.

Akology (ak-ol'-o-je). See Aceology.

Akral {ak'-ral) [inpog, extreme]. See Cephalic.

Akrokinesis [ak-ro-kin-e'-sis). See Acrocinesis.

Akromegaly [ak-ro-meg'-a-le). See Acromegalia.

Akromikria [ak-ro-mik' '-re-ah). See Acromicria.

Akroposthitis (ak-ro-pos-thi' -tis). See Acroposthitis.

Akyanopsia {ah-ki-an-op' -se-ah). See Acyanopsia

Al. The Arabic definite article, the, prefixed to many
words to designate preeminence, etc., as alkali, alco-
hol. In chemical nomenclature it is used as a suffix
to denote similarity to or derivation from an aldehyd,
as chloral, butyral, etc.

Ala \a'-lah) [L., a wing: //. , A lie]. A name of
various wing-shaped parts or appendages. In biology,
the side petal of a papilionaceous corolla. A. Auris,
the pinna of the ear. A. Cinerea, a triangular space
of gray matter in the fourth ventricle of the brain,
probably giving origin to the pneumogastric nerves.
A. Majores, I. The greater wings of the sphenoid. See
Alisphenoid". 2. The external labia pudendi. A.
Minores. I. The lesser win 's of the snhenoid. 2.

The labia minora pudendi. A. Nasi, the lateral car-
tilage of the nose. A. Pontis. See Ponti cuius. A.
Pulmonum, the lobes of the lung. A. of Sacrum,
the flal triangular surface of bone extending outward
fr< 'in the base of the sacrum,

magnus muscle. A. Vespertilionis, the broad liga-
menl of the uterus. A. Vulvae, the labia of the
pudendum. Applied also to the armpits, parts of the
sphenoid, vomer.

Alalia (al-a'-le-ah) [a priv. ; "KaTud, talk]. 1. Impaired
or losl articulation from paralysis of the muscles of
speech or from local laryngeal disease. 2. Aphasia
due to a psychic disorder.

Alalic [al-a'-lik) [a priv. ; '/a'/.ni, talk]. Characterized
by or pertaining to alalia.

Alanin {al'-an-in) [L., aldehyde"], < ',! I.\< >,. Lac-
tamic acid. An organic base obtained by heating
aldehyd ammonia with hydrocyanic acid in the pi
ence of an excess o| IIC1 ; it occurs in aggregated hard
nodules with a sweetish taste ; soluble in live parts of
told water; with more difficulty in alcohol ; insoluble
in ether. When heated, it commences to char at
about 2370; it melts at 2550 and then sublimes.

Alaninate (al-an'-in-at) [1... aldehyde]. A salt of
alanin. A. of Mercury, a crystalline, soluble com-
pound of mercurv and alanin ; antisyphilitic. Dose
gr. JjtoX- Unof.

Alan/son's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Alant Camphor. See Helenin.

Alantin (al-an'-tin) [Ger. , alant, elecampane]. Same
as I mil in.

Alantol [al-an'-tol) [Ger. , a/an/, elecampane ; oleum.
oil], C.20H2.2O. Inulol. An aromatic liquid obtained
from elecampane ; used like creosote for phthisis.

Alar (a/-lar) \ala, wing]. Winglike. In biology,
situated in the forks of a stem. A. Ligaments,
lateral synovial folds of the ligament of the knee-joint.
A. Odontoid Ligaments, lateral ligaments of the
odontoid process. Alares musculi, the pterygoid
muscles. Alares venae, superficial veins at the bend
of the arm. Alaria ossa, lateral processes of the
sphenoid bone.

Alaris (al-a/-ris) [a/a, wing]. Wing-shaped. See Alar.

Alary (a'-lar-c) [a/a, a wing]. In biology, pertaining
to wings ; wing-shaped.

Alate (a'-lat) [a/a, a wing]. In biology, winged or
having winglike borders or expansions ; alifen>u> ;
aligerous.

Alate-pinnate [a* '-lot-pin' '-at) [a/a, awing; pinna, a
feather]. In biology, a pinnate leaf having a winged
petiole.

Alba (al'-bak) [L. , "white"]. The white fibrous
tissue of the brain and nerves.

Albadara (al-bad-a'-rah) [Arabic]. An old name for
the basal joint of the great toe.

Alban {aV-ban) [alius, white], C,0H16O. A white
resin that may be extracted from gutta percha.

Albedo [al-be/-do) [L., "whiteness"']. Whiteness.
A. retinae, retinal edema. A. unguis, or unguium,
the lunula of the nail ; the white semilunar place
at the root of a finger nail.

Albescent [al-bes/-ent) [albescere, to become white].
Whitish ; moderately white.

Albicans [alr -be-kanz) [albicare, to grow* white].
White ; whitish. Used as the name of either of the
corpora albicantia at the base of the brain.

Albicant (aF-be-kant) [albicare, to be white]. See Al-
bescent.

Albicantia [al-be-kan' '-she-ah) [L.]. Plural of Albi-
cans. See ( 'orpora.

Albication [aJ-be-ka* '-shun) [albicare, to be white]. In
biology, a growing white.

ALBIO 'Ml S

54

AI.1U MI.\<»K

Albicomus (al-be-ko* '-mtts) [albus, white ; coma, hair],

I laving white hair.

Albiduria (al-bid-uf [albidus, white;

urine]. White urine.

Albiflorous 'bus, white \flos, a fiowei ]

In biology, bearing white flowers.

Albinism Albinismus yal-bin-iz'-mns)

white]. Congenital Achroma; Congenital
Leukoderma. That condition of the skin in which
there i- a congenital absence of pigment unaccom-
lied l>y textural changes in the skin, and involving
it-, entire surface, including the pilary filaments and the
choroid coats and irides of the eyes. Usually a
dated with nystagmus, photophobia, and astigmatism.

Albino . ,:.' '/'-/;. -i [Sp]. A person affected with al-
binism. Also an animal or plant differing from the
normally colored members of its kind by being white
or I

Albinotic (al-bin-ot'-ik) [Sp.]. Affected with albinism.

Albinuria [al-bin -u'->\ -ah \ [albus, white; ovpelv, to mic-
turate]. I. Chyluria ; whiteness of the urine. 2. Al-
buminuria.

Albizzia (al-bitzl -e-ah) [Ital., Albizzi, a Tuscan proper
name]. A genus of leguminous plants. .1. anthel-
mintht - Moussena.

Albolene [of -bo-liri) [albus, white; oleum, oil]. A
hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, odorless, and not
affected by exposure to air or strong acids. It is a
form of lanolin, and is used as an application to in-
flamed surfaces and for spraying the respiratory pas-
sage,.

Albuginea (al-bu-jin' -e-afi) [albus, white]. White, or
whitish. A. oculi, the sclerotic coat of the eye.
A. ovarii, and testis, the tunica albuginea of the
ovary and testicle. The spleen, the epididymis, the
penis, and the kidneys have each an investment or
capsule called albuginea or tunica albuginea.

Albugineous (al-bu-jin' '-e-us) [albus, white]. I. Whit-
ish. 2. Resembling the white of an egg.

Albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i'-tis) [albus, white ; trig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of a tunica albuginea.

Albugo (al-bu'-gd) [I-]. I- A white spot, as upon the
cornea. 2. A whitish, scaly eruption. 3. The white
of an egg.

Albumen (al'-bu-men or al-bu'-men) [albus, white].
The white of an egg. See Albumin.

Albumenoid (al-bu' '-men-oid). See Albuminoid.

Albumenuria [al-bu-men-u' '-re-ab). See Albuminuria.

Albumimeter (al-bu-mim'-et-er) [albus, white ; /uirfiov,
measure]. An instrument for determining
the quantitive estimation of albumin in
urine, or in any compound or mixture.

Albumin (al-bu'-min) [albus, white]. A
pn bstance, the chief constituent

of the body. Its molecule is highly com-
plex and varies widely within certain limits
in different organs and condition- It con-
tains approximately the following percent-
ages: Carbon 5 1. 5 to 54.5 ; hydrogen 6.9
to 7.3; nitrogen 15.2 to 17.0 ; oxygen 20.9
to 23.5; sulphur 0.3 to 2.0 Its approxi-
mate formula is 1 - .1 I i , A,.' ' .^- Albumen,
white of egg, often called albumin, is
largely ■ it. Other varieties are

called after their sources or characteristic
ictions, n> acid-albumin, alkali-albumin,
mu rum-, ovum-, vegetable-albu-

min,?/^. Normal albumin is the type of a
group of proteids known as albumins. For ., _,
tne various test for albumin, see lablc of ter.

, under Test. S . and

Native Albumins. A. of Bence-Jones, a variety

found in p-etido albuminuria. It does not give a

precipitate with an excess of HNOs except on stand
ing, when a coagulum forms that will be redissolved
i>!i beating. A., Blood. See Serum-albumin. A.,
Caseiform, that variety not coagulated by heat, but
precipitated by acids. A., Circulating, that found
in the thuds of the body. A. Crystals. See Cry
loids. A., Derived, a modification of albumin result
ing from the action of certain chemicals. A., Egg-.
Se< Egg-albumin. A., Muscle-, a vanity found in
muscle-juice. A., Native, any albumin occurring
normally in the organism. A., Organic, that form
ing an integral part of the tissue. A., Serum-. See
Serum-albumin. A., Test Solution of, a filtered
solution of the white of an egg in loo c.c. of di -
tilled water. A., Vegetable, that form that is found
in various vegetable juices.

Albuminate {al-bu' -min-St) [albus, -white]. The com-
pound of albumin and certain bases, as albuminate of
iron, or of iron ami potassium, etc.

Albuminaturia (al-bu-min-St-u'-re-ah) [albus, white;
ovpov, urine]. The abnormal presence of albuminates
in the urine.

Albuminiferous (al-bu-min-if '-cr-us) [albumin ; ferre,
to bear]. Sec Albuminiparous.

Albuminimeter(<7/7///-w//r/w/-,/-<7-). See Albumimeter.

Albuminin (al-bu' -min-in) [albumin]. The non-ni-
trogenous substance of the cells that enclose the white
of birds' eggs.

Albuminiparous (al-buniin-ip'-ar-us) [albumin ; pa-
rere, to produce]. Yielding albumin.

Albuminogenous (al-bu-min-oj'-en-us) [ albumin ;
yevfjG, producing]. Producing albumin.

Albuminoid (al-bu' -min-oid ) [albumin : eifiog, form].

1. Resembling albumin. Applied to certain com-
pound-, having many of the characteristics of albumin.

2. Any nitrogenous principle of the class of which
normal albumin may be regarded as the type. A.
Disease, also spoken of as lardaceous, waxy, or
amyloid degeneration. A form of degeneration usu-
ally affecting simultaneously a number of the viscera,
and occurring secondarily to some preexisting disease.
Those viscera most usually the seat of the change are,
in the order of frequency, the spleen, liver, kidneys,
intestine and lymph glands. The tissues around the
capillary vessels are first affected; from these centers
it spreads till the whole organ or section presents a
pale, glistening, waxy, or bacon-like appearance. This
is due to the infiltration of a peculiar proteid substance,
lardacein, which, with iodin, gives a deep mahogany
brown color, the characteristic test for the disease.
The preexisting trouble is either some chronic suppura-
tion, as in bone or joint disease, <>r some wasting dis-
ease like pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis, etc. The
only way in which the disease may be arrested is by
thorough removal of the can

Albuminoids (al-bu' -min oidz] [albumin]. Substances
resembling true- proteids in their origin. and com]
tion. They are amorphous non-crystalline colloids,
occurring as organized constituents of tin- ti-siies, and
also in fluid form. Mucin, Nuclein, Keratin, Fibn
Spongin, Elastin, Gelatin, Chondrin, etc. , are the
principal members of the group.

Albuminometer (al-bu-min-om' et-er). See Albumi-
meter.

Albuminone (al-bu' -min-bn) [albumin], A prin
derivable from certain albuminoids; it i-, not COagula-
ble by heat, and i^ soluble in alcohol.

Albuminorrhea (al-bu-min-or-e' -ah\ [albumin :
a flow]. Copious abnormal discharge of albumin-.

Albuminose (al-bu' -min-os) [albumin]. 1. A pro
of the digestion of fibrin or any albuminoid in very

A I IU MI.V (SIS

55

AI.< i iHOL

dilute hydrochloric acid ; acid albumin. 2. Album

or the product of the digestion of albumin by th<

trie juice.

Albuminosis {ai-bu-min-o1 '-sis) [albumin]. Abnormal
increase of the albuminous elements in the blood, or
the condition thai results from such increase.

Albuminous {al-bu' '-min-us) [albumin]. Containing,
or of the nature of an albumin.

Albumin-Peptone {al-bu' '-min-pep> '-ton). Same as
. llbuminose (2d def. ) .

Albumins {al-bu' -minz). See Albumin.

Albuminuria [al-bu-min-u' -re-ak) [albumin; <
urine]. The presence in the urine of albumin, a mix-
ture of serum-albumin and serum globulin in various
proportions. True albuminuria must be distinguished
from the presence of albumin due to an admixture
with the urine of blood, pus, or other albuminous
fluid. However, even under these circumstances it
must be remembered that true albuminuria may be
coexistent. Albumin in the urine may result from a
number of causes, e. g., mechanical interference with
the renal circulation ; from congestion, lesions, and
organic diseases of the kidneys themselves ; from toxic
substances in the blood, such as lead, in which case
there is a granular form of nephritis; from changes in
the blood due to various diseases, as anemia, purpura,
scurvy, and sepsis; in pyrexia; in certain nervous
disorders, such as tetanus, delirium tremens, apoplexy,
Graves's disease, and epilepsy ; in various functional
disorders, as dyspepsia, high living, great exertion,
etc., and during pregnancy. The etiology of albumin-
uria is still undetermined, but it is now recognized that
if will be produced by any condition that interferes with
the nutrition of the glomeruli or renal epithelium.
A. of Adolescence. See A., Cyclic. A., Adven-
titious. See ,4., Pseudo-. A., Cardiac, that due to
chronic valvular disease. A., Cyclic, a condition also
known as physiological, simple, functional, or tran-
sient albuminuria, or the albuminuria of adolescence,
in which a small quantity of albumin appears in the
urine, especially of the young, at stated times of the
day; hence the term "cyclic." The nature of this
phenomenon is not positively known, but it is probably
the result of some changes in the renal circulation.
A., Dietetic, that due to the ingestion of certain forms
of food, especially eggs, cheese, and pastry. A.,
Dyscrasic. See A., Hematogenous. A., False, a
mixture of albumin with the urine during its transit
through the urinary passages, where it may be derived
from blood, pus, or special secretions that contain al-
bumin. A., Febrile, that due to fever, or associated
with acute infectious diseases, slight changes occurring
in the glomeruli without organic lesion. A., Func-
tional. Set- ./., Cyclic. A., Gouty, albumin in the
urine of elderly people, who secrete a rather dense
urine containing an excess of urea. A., Hematogen-
ous, that resulting from some abnormal blood-condi-
tion, and not due to nephritis. A., Hepatic, that
form associated with marked disturbance of the hepatic
function, as shown by slight jaundice and vague dys-
peptic attacks. A., Intrinsic. See A., True. A.,
Mixed, the presence of a true- and pseudo-albumin-
uria. A., Morbid, that due to any pathological con-
dition. A., Nephrogenous, that due to renal disease.
A., Neurotic, that due to nervous disorders. A.,
Paroxysmal. See .-/., Cyclic. A., Physiological,
the presence of albumin in normal urine, without ap-
preciable coexisting renal lesion or diseased condition
of the system. A., Pseudo-, A., Adventitiou : albu-
minuria dependent upon the presence of such fluids as
blood, pus, lymph, spermatic fluid, or the contents of
an abscess-cavity, in the urine. A., Simple. See

A., Cyclic. A., Temporary, that lasting but for a
short time. A., Tests of. - , under

/ /. A., Transient. See ./., ' : . A., True,
./.. Intrinsic; that due to the excretion of a portion
of the albuminous constituents of the blood with the
water and salts of the urine.

Albuminuric {al-bu-min-u' '-rik) [albumin;

urine]. Associated with, of the nature of, or aliected
by, albuminuria. A. Retinitis. See Retini

Albuminurorrhea {al-bu-min-u-ror-re'-ak.) [albumin ;
ovpov, urine; pola, a flowing}. See Albuminuria.

Albumose {al'-bu-mbs) [albumin]. Any album
substance ranking among the first products of the
splitting up of proteids by enzymes, and intermediate
between the food-albumins and the typical peptones.
Ai 1 ording to Kiihne there are at least two albumoses,
antialbumose and hemialbumose. The latter, after the
precipitation and filtering ofl of the para-peptones, .
in the peptic digestion of fibrin, yields the following:
1. Protalbumose, soluble in hot and cold water and
precipitable by Na< 1 in excess. 2. Deuteroalbun,
soluble in water, not precipitated by NaCl in excess,
unless an acid be added at the same time. 3. Hetero-
albumose, insoluble in hot or cold water, soluble in
dilute or more concentrated solutions of NaCl, and
precipitable from these by excess of the salt. 4. Dys-
albumose, same as heteroalbumose, except that it is
insoluble in salt solutions.

Albumosuria [al-bu-mos-u' -re-ak) [<

urine]. The abnormal presence of an albumose in
the urine.

Alburnum (al-ber'-num) [L. ," sap-wood"]. In bi-
ology, young wood, sap-wood.

Alcahest {al' -ka-hest) [Uncertain derivation]. An
name for the supposed universal solvent, and for a
medicine curative of all congestions. A. of Glauber,
a crude potassium carbonate derived from the burning
of potassium nitrate with hot coals.

Alcali {al'-ka-li). See Alkali.

Alcaptone {al-kap'-ton). See Alkaptone.

Alcaptonuria ial-kap-ton-u' '-re-ak). See Alkaptonuria.

Alchemist {al'-kem-ist) [Origin doubtful]. One who
practices alchemy.

Alchemy {al'-kem-e) [Arab., of doubtful derivation].
The supposed art of the transmutation of metals 'into
gold) and of finding a remedy for all diseases. Mod
em chemistry is the development of this chimerical
medieval dream.

Al 'cock's Canal. See Canal.

Alcohol {al'-ko-hol) [Arab., al. the; kokol, a stain, or
finely powdered]. Ethyl alcohol, C^HgO. A liquid
obtained by the distillation of fermented grain or
starchy substance. It is used in pharmacy as a sol-
vent for resins, and as a base for all tinctures. Com-
mercial alcohol contains 91 per cent, of absolute
alcohol, with 9 per cent, of water. It is inflammable,
colorless, and possesses a pungent odor and burning
taste. Sometimes it is used externally as a stimulant
lotion. Internally, it is a powerful cerebral excitant;
in large doses a depressant, narcotic poison, producing
muscular incoordination, delirium, and coma. It is a
food within the limits of jj— 3 j per day; its contin-
ued use is apt to result in epilepsy, amblyopia, and
insanity. In the form of wine, whisky, or brandy,
it is valuable in diphtheria, adynamic fevers, and
poisoning by cardiac depre^-anN. A., Absolute,
spirit containing no water. A., Amyl, Oil < I, com-
monly known a- "P irit" and " Fusel 0
a transparent, colorless liquid. A., Anhydrous, one
free from water. A.. Aromatic, an alcohol contain-
ing phenyl. A , Benzyl, Oil. < 1. obtained from ben-
zaldehyd by the action of sodium amalgam. It is a

Al < m||> il A 1 E

56

Al « l IHOLS

colorless liquid, with a faint aromatic odor; boils at

2o6°; it- sp. s^r. at o° is 1.062. It dissolves with

difficulty in water, but readily in alcohol and ether.

A. deodoratum, deodorized alcohol, containing

per cent by weight of ethyl-alcohol and 7.5 per cent.

of water. A., Dilute, com] 41 per cenl

weight of ethyl-alcohol. A., Ethyl. See

A. of Fermentation, has a disagreeable odor;

at 1 . 1 curs in fusel-oil; consists mainly of in-

tive isobutyl carbinol. A.. Methyl, CH40, known

as " Wood Spirit." A., Phenic. S<
Alcoholate | \ial>., al, the; kohol, a

stain, or finel} powdered]. I. A chemical compound,
it, into which an alcohol enters as a definite

constituent 2. A preparation made with alcohol.
Alcoholature (al-ko-hol1 -at-chUr) [Fr. alcoolature\

An ic tincture, especially one prepared with

1 plants.
Alcoholic I Vrab., .-.', the; kohol, a stain,

or finel} powdered]. I. Pertaining to, containing, or
dcohol. -. One addicted to the use of

spirituous drinks. A. Radicals, the name applied to

the univalent radicals, CnHsn-f 1.
Alcoholica (al-ko-hol' -ik-aK) [Arab. , al, the ; kohol, a

stain]. In pharmacy, alcoholic preparations.
Alcoholimeter (al-ko-hol-im'-el-er). See Alcoholo-

ter.
Alcoholimetry (al-ko-hol-im' -et-re). See AJcoholome-

Alcoholism [al' ' -ko-hol-izm) [Aral)., al, the; kohol, &
stain, or finely powdered]. The morbid results of
r prolonged use of alcoholic liquors. The
term acute A. has been used as a synonym for ine-
briety. The chronic form i- associated with severe
lesions or disturbances of the digestive, respiratory,
and nervous >v-tems.

Alcoholismus (al-ko-hol-iz'-mus). Syn.of Alcoholism.

Alcoholization (al-ko-hol-iz-a'-shun) [Arab., al, the;
kohol, a stain, or finely powdered]. The art or pro-
cess of alcoholizing; the state of being alcoholized;
the product of the process of alcoholizing.

Alcoholize (al'-ko-hol-lz) [Arab., al, the; kohol, a
stain, or finely powdered]. 1. To impregnate with
or blend with alcohol. 2. To convert into an alco-
hol. 3. To reduce to a very subtle powder.

Alcoholometer l-om'-et-er) [alcohol; fiirpov,

a measure]. A hydrometer or other instrument used
in determining the percentage of alcohol in any liquid.

Alcoholometry (al-ko-hol-om' -et-re\ [alcohol; uirpov,
a measure]. The determination of the proportion of
sent in any liquid.

Alcoholophilia (al-ko-hol-o-fil' -e-aK) [alcohol; o/>
to love]. The appetite for strong drink; a craving
for intoxicants.

Alcohols (al' '-ko-holz) [Arab., al, the; kohol, a. stain,
or finely powdered]. A series of neutral compounds
resembling bases exhibiting gradation-, corresponding
to their increasi in molecular weight. They are de-
rived from the normal hydrocarbons by replacing hy-
drogen with the group OH. The lower alcohols are
mobile liquid-, readily dissolving in water and |

sing the characteristic alcohol odor; the intermedi-
ate mem more oily, and dissolve with difficulty
in water; while the higher are crystalline solids with
out odor or taste. The alcohol- resemble the I
'Ih'ir boiling-points incn radually (with similar
structure) in proportion to the increase of their mo
lecular weights A., Diatomic, tl
formed by replacing two atom- of hydrogen in a
hydrocarbon by two m oi hydroxy!. A.,
Dibasic. See / . Diatomic. A., Dihydric.
Glycols, and Table of Alcohols. A., Divalent. See

Glycols. A., Hexahydric, alcohol.- containing six
hydroxy) groups attached to six different carbon atoms.
The) approach the sugars very closel) in their propi 1
ties, having a very sweet taste, but diffei from them in

TABLE OF THE ALCOHOLS.
1. Ol l Hi- FATTY COMPOUNDS.

Si RIES 1 — Al • OH( . I bHJO l.t >H.

■ QHiaO

Liquid.

■ • C9HjoO

. . .

Decyl, ....

Solid.

Undecatyl, . .

. . CnH._>40

Solid.

Dodecatyl, . .

• • (A«Ho,;0

Solid.

Tridecatyl,

1 ',1 |._..t 1

ChHjoO

Tetradecatyl, .
Pentadecatyl, .
Hexadecyl (Cetyl), C)0HMO

C15H ' 1

Heptadecyl,

Octodecyl,

Ceryl (Cerotin),

C17H»0

I 1 111!

I I I I I

Mellissyl, C.-„,l !,,.< >

Solid.

Solid.

Solid.

Solid.

Solid.

Solid.

Solid.

Solid.

190-192*

43-5c

167°

>9C

210°

0.830 at 160

Series 2. — Unsaturated Alcohols, CuH^n— 1
Vinyl C2H4O

AIM,

Crotyl,

C3Hr.O

<',H-<>

Does

i-t in
state.

. . .

Liquid.

Liquid.

1 17-120°

OH

0.8540 at 20°

Seriks 3.— Unsaturated Alcohols, CnHin— s.OH. Acety-
lene Series.

Propargyl | C3H40 Liquid. 1 14-1150 0.97153.120°

The only known alcohol 0/ this set

2. OF THE AROMATIC OR BENZENE SERIES.
Series i —Primary Alcohols.

C H,0

i\H 0

Liquid.

206°

i .062 at o°

Tolyl

Liquid.

212°

1.033 at 20°

Phenyl Propyl, . .

C,H 0

Liquid,

235°

1 1 1 ,' >

Liquid

246°

• ■ •

ALCOOMKTKK

57

ALDEHYDS

TABLE OF Till'. A 1 .< OHOLS.— Continued.

Series 2. — I

)IVALEN1

DlHYIlK

ic) Alc<

IHO! S.

H

2
<

<
_

O
fcu

< c
bin
S3

_

I »oes
11. .1 ex-
ist in
the free

state.

Hon inc.

Point.

(Centigrade.)

Si 1 1 n u
GF vv 1 i \ .

Benzylene-Glycol,

C7HsOo

. . .

1o\\y\eaa&(Phthalyt)

CsHjuOa

. . .

■ ■

• • •

Styrolene, ....

C8H,0Os

Solid.

Benzoyl Carbinol,

C.ll.o,

Solid.

Series 3.— Oxv- or Phenol Alcohols.

Oxy-benzyl, . . .

C7H802

Solid.

CgHioOo

Solid.

259°

Piperony!

C8H803

Solid.

• • ■

Vanillin,

C8Hl,,0;j

Solid.

. . .

Phenyl Glycerol, .

C9I 1 ' >

Solid.

• •

Mesicerin

C9H1203

Liquid.

that they do not reduce an alkaline copper solution
and are not fermented by yeast. Moderate oxidation
converts them into glucoses, C6H12Of). They are ob-
tained from the latter by the action of sodium amal-
gam. A., Monatomic. See A., Monovalent. A.,
Monohydric. See A. , Monovalent. A., Monova-
lent (Monohydric) , products of the replacement of one
atom of hydrogen of the hydrocarbons by the hydroxyl
group HO. A., Normal, primary alcohols in which
the replacing group possesses normal structure. A.,
Primary, products of the replacement of one hydro-
gen atom in carbinol by alkyls. A., Secondary,
products of the replacement of two hydrogen atoms in
carbinol by alkyls. A., Tertiary, products of the
replacement of all of the three hydrogen atoms of car-
binol by alkyls. A., Triatomic, those formed by
replacing three atoms of hydrogen in a hydrocarbon
by three molecules of hydroxyl. A., Unsaturated,
those derived from the unsaturated alkylens in the same
manner as the normal alcohols are obtained from their
hydrocarbons. In addition to the general character
of alcohols, they are also capable of directly binding
two additional affinities. See Table.

Alcoometer (al-ko-om'-et-er). See Alcoholometer.

Alcornin {al-kor> '-nin) [Sp.j. A peculiarly fatty, crys-
tallizable substance, supposed to be the active principle
of alcornoque.

Alcornoque (al-kor-no' -kwd) [Sp.]. I. Cork, or the
cork-oak. 2. The Alchomea lati/olia, a euphorbia-
ceous tree of tropical America. Its bark is bitter and
tonic, and has been used as a remedy in phthisis.
Unof.

Aldane (al'-dan) [See Aldehyd"]. A chemical com-
pound formed by uniting two or more molecules of an
aldehyd and removing the aqueous elements.

Aldehyd [alf-de-hld) [al, the first syllable of alcohol;
dehyd, from dehydratus], CjH40. Alcohol deprived
of two atoms of hydrogen, or acetic aldehyd. It is a
colorless, limpid liquid, with a characteristic odor.
When exposed to the air or to oxygen it i- converted
into acetic acid. It boils at 20S0, and has a sp. gr.

of 0.8009 at °°- '' is miscible in all proportion-,
with water, ether, and alcohol. Internally it pro
duces intoxication. 1a, ami asphyxia. The

vapor is used in catarrhal congestions and ozena. A.,
Anisic, < J I .< > , , n -ult-, on oxidizing various essential
oils (anise, fennel, etc,) with dilute HNOs. A color-
less oil oi sp, gr. 1. 123 at 150, and boiling at
2480. A., Benzoic, < -I I,/ ». the oil of bitter almond.-.
A., Cinnamic, I BH80, the chiei ingredient of the
essential oil of cinnamon and cassia. It is acolorl
aromatic oil, that -inks in water and boils at 2470.
A., Formic, i- asserted to have extreme value as a
microbicide and antiseptic, even it- fumes and it- solu-
tion of one part in 20,000 being destructive to various
pathogenic germs. A., Protocatechuic, I gH8(OH)-
(OII).CHO, the parent substance of vanillin and
piperonal, prepared from pyrocatechin by the action
of chloroform. It dissolves readily in water, forms
brilliant crystals, and melts at 1500. A., Salicylic,
CgH4(OH).CHO, occurs in the volatile oils of the
different varieties of Spircea. It is an oil with an
aromatic odor, boiling at 1960, with a sp. gr. at 150
of 1. 172; easily soluble in water, and color- the skin
an intense yellow.

Aldehydene [al-de-hi' -din) \_aldekyd~\, I II \ ■ bemi
cal radicle derived from ethylene.

Aldehyds [al' '-de-hldz) [See Aldehyd]. A clas
compounds intermediate between alcohols and acid-,
derived from their corresponding primary alcohols by
the oxidation and removal of two atoms of hydrogen,
and converted into acids by the addition of an atom of

TABLE OF THE ALDEHYDS.

A. OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS.
1. Aldehyds of the Paraffin Series, CnH2nO.

M

2
<

<

j

X
0

J5

< 0

S3

£§

u

Ml 1 MM.

Point.
(Centigradi )

Boiling

Pon 1

(Centigrade)

0 >
Efc

- -

Methyl
(Formic), . .

CH.,0

Gas

. .

Acetaldehyd, .

C0H4O

Liquid

. . .

20 s3

0.S009

at oJ

Propionic, . .

C3H60

Liquid

. . .

49°

o.jkx 6

at 200

Butyraldehyd,

C4HsO

Liquid

■ • •

75°

0.8170
at 200

C5H10O
C6H120

Liquid

102°

Caproyl, . . .

Liquid . . .

1 28°

Enanthylic, . .

C7H140

CioH-jnO

Liquid . .

1 53- 154°

Decatoic
(Capric), . .

Solid

1060
(15 mm.)

Dodecatylic
(Laurie), . .

Cjrtxi-^O

Solid

44-5°

1 [2
(22 mm.)

1680
(22 mm.)

1920
(22 mm.)

1920
(22 mm )

• • •

Tetradecatylic
t Myrisitalde-

hyd)

ChH-sO

Solid

52-5°

Hexdecatylic

(Palmitic), .

Ci,;H3oO

Solid

58-5°

Octdecatylie
(Stearaldehyd),

C„H3oO

Solid

63.S0

ALDEPA1 Ml 1 IC A( ID

:.-

Al I

1 Aid 1' < 'I THE Al DEHYDS.— i

2. I'.NSATlKATHr) ALDEHYDE, CuH.u— jO.

Na-

Ill A.

'

Mi

Bon

(( V lit:

II |C

1 IV.

Acrylaldehyd,

| H«0

Liquid

• • •

at 200

Crolonaldehyd,

C4H«0

Liquid

• ■ ■

104-105°

B. OF THE AROMATIC OR BENZENE SERIES.
1. Monovalent Aldehyds.

Benzaklehyd, .

I" H 11

Liquid

179°

1.050
at 15°

Toluic, ....

0.1 LO

Liquid

. . .

206°

Phenyl-propj 1.

C9H10O

Liquid

. . .

. . .

. . .

CioHuO

Liquid

• • •

235°

0-973
at 13°

2. DlALDEHYDS.

Phthalaldchyd, C*HcO

Phenyl-lactic, . C»H10Oo

Liquid

3. OxY-ALDEHYDS.

Salicylic, . . .

C7H60»

Liquid

* •

196°

1. 172
at 15°

Anisic, ....

CgH-' >_

Liquid

. . .

248°

1. 123

at 15°

Protocatechuic,

C7H603
C8H803

Solid

150°

. . .

Vanillin, . . .

Solid

:- — :

. . .

oxygen. They contain the group COH. They ex-
hibit in their properties a gradation similar to that of
the alcohols. The lower members are volatile liquids,
able in water, and have a peculiar odor, but the
higher are solids, insoluble in water, and cannot be
di-tilled without decomposition. See Tabic.

Aldepalmitic Acid [al-de-pal-mit/ -ik as'-id). See
. / "id, Aldepalmitic.

Alder [al'-a . Units.

Al'derman's Nerve. See Arnold' s Nerve, in iVerve
Tai

Aldin [al'-din) [see Aldekyd~\. An amorphous basic
chemical substance, formed from an ammonia com-
pound of aldehyd. Several aldins are known.

Pi\&o\i-il'-dol) [see Aldehyd], C4H802. A colorl

- liquid, obtained by the action of dilute H< 1
on crotonaldehyd and acetaldehyd. It ismiscible with
water, and at O0 has a sp. gr. <>f 1. 1 20; upon standing,
it changes to a sticky mass that cannot be poured

Aldoses [aP-do • Aldehyd], The aldehyd al

cohols, containing the atomic group CH(< >H).CHO.

Aldoxim, or Aldoxime 'inn [See Aldehyd"].

Products of the combination of aldehyds or ketones
and free hydroxylamin. They are usually liquid
dies that boil without decomposition.

Ale [al ) [A. ]. An alcoholic 1" ■

from malt and hops. Tt contains from three to s<
: of alcohol. See Malt Liquors.

Aleatico ft.]. An excellent sweet red

win red in Tuscany, and f the

ts of its 1 lass.

Alecithal [ak-le^-ith-al) [d priv. ; "KtiuBoe, yolk], A

term applied to certain ova having the food yolk absent,
or present only in very small quantity.

Alegar [&f-le-gar) [A. S., ealw; egar, sour]. Vinegar
made of ale.

Alembic [al-emf-bik\ [Arab., al, the; a/4 <*•. a cup],
A vessel used for distillation,

Alembroth [al-em' -broth\ [Origin unknown]. An old
name for a compound 01 the chlorid «>l ammonium and
mercury, 1 1> solution has been used of late as an an-
tiseptic.

Alepidote {ah-lept-e-ddt} [a ]>riv.; /.t-i<~, a scale].
Without scales, a.s certain fishes.

Aleppo Boil, Button, Evil, Pustule, or Ulcer. See
Furunculus < rientalis.

Aletrin [aP-et-rin). See Aletris.

Aletris [al'-et-ris). Star Grass, Unicorn Root, Star-
wort, Colic Root. The root of .-/. farinosa. Tonic,
diuretic, and anthelmintic. Formerly a popular do-
mestic remedy in colic, dropsy, and chronic rheuma-
tism. Dose of tld. ext. rtl x-xxx ; of tincture (1 in
8 proof spirit) 3 i-ij ; of aletrin, the extractive, gr.
■4-iv. A. Cordial. Dose jj three times daily,
I'nof.

Aleukemia [ah-lu-kef-me-ah) [a priv.; \evic6e, white ;
alfia, blood]. Deficiency in the proportion of white
cells in the blood.

Aleurometer [al-u-rom' -et-er) [d/lfvpor, flour : /'

a measure]. An instrument used for the examination
of crude gluten as to its power of distending under the
influence of heat, as a means of judging of the value
of a flour for bread-making. A similar instrument,
termed an aleuroscope, has also been invented.

Aleuronat (al-n'-ro-naf) \ak~vpov, flour]. A vegetable
albumin used as a substitute for bread in cases of dia-
betes.

Aleurone (al-u'-rbri) \jXXevpov, fine flour]. Proteid
matter in the form of small rounded particles, found in
seeds.

Aleuroscope (al-uf -ro-skof) [d/fiywv, flour ; PKOirelv,to
view]. See Aleurometer.

Alexander- Adam's Operation. See Operations,
Tabic of.

Alexanderism [al-eks-anf-der-izm) [^Alexander], The
insanity of conquest ; agriothymia ambitiosa.

Alexander's Operation. See Operations. Table of.

Alexeteric (al-eks-e-ter- '-//•) [dAefyr^p, defender]. Good
against poison, venom, or infection.

Alexia [al-eks' -e-ah) [d priv.; /J Sir, word]. Word
blindm -- A form of aphasia and a special type of
psychical blindness, in which the patient is unable to
recognize ordinary written or printed characters. A.,
Musical, musical blindness ; pathological loss of the
ability to read music.

Alexifer [al-eks' '-if er) [akk^etv, to repel; tjt&pfiaicov, a
poison]. A remedy or object that serves as an amulet
or antidote against poison.

Alexin [al-eksf-in) [<'/>•.-". help]. 1. Any defensive
proteid ; any phylaxin or so/in. 2. An antibacterial
substance found by llankin in the blood of certain
animals and giving immunity to certain toxins. 5.
A synonym f< ir Tul tin.

Alexipharmac, or Alexipharmic far' -m,:

in ' to repel; cbdp/jaKOv, a poison]. A

medicine neutralizing a poison,

Alexipharmacon wv, to re-

pel 1 poison], Any alexipharmac medicine.

Alexipyretic , to ward off;

-11, 1 rut . a I' \ ei ] . A febrifuge.

Alexiteric [al-eki . ter'-ik). See Alexeterii .

Aleze [ah-h [1 ]. A cloth to protect the bed

; becoming soiled bj

AIM >NSIN

59

ALIMENTIVITY

Alfonsin [al-fon' 'sin) [from Alfonso Ferri, a sixteenth

century surgeon]. An old form of bullet extractor.
Algae (al'-je) [alga, a seaweed], A group of acotyle-

donous plants, of simple vegetable construction, living
mostly in the « .

Algaroth {alf -gar-otk) [It., Algarotti, the Veronese
physician]. Oxychlorid of antimony.

Algedo {al-je'-do) \a\yri6in), pain]. Severe pain in the
generative organs and extending to the urinary organs,
sometimes arising from a sudden stoppage of gonor-
rhea.

Algefacient [al-je-faf sheni) [a/gere, to be cool ; facere,
to make]. Cooling.

Algeinuresis (al-Jin-u-re' 'sis) [akyelv, to feel pain;
obpqoig, urination]. Painful urination.

Algera, or Algeros (al-je'-rah, or 7ros) [i^.ytfp6g, pain-
ful]. Painful ; characterized by pain.

Algesia {a/Jc'-zc-a/i) [akyrpsic, pain] . Pain; suffering.

Algesichronometer [al-Je-ze-kro-nom,-et-er) [<i/ j ijaii ,
pain; xi""'"' '• time ; (lerpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment used to note the lapse of time before a nerve
center responds to a painful stimulus.

Algesimeter [al-jes-im' '-et-er) [AAyj/tKC, pain; iiirpov,
a measure]. An instrument for determining the
acuteness of the sense of pain.

Algesis (al-je'-sis). See Algesia.

Algesthesis, or Algaesthesis [a/-Jes-tke,-sis) [h/.yog,
pain; aloftr/oic;, feeling]. The perception of pain;
any painful disease.

Algetic (al-Jetl-ik) [a/.ytiv, to have pain]. Pertaining
to, or producing, pain.

-algia {al'-je-ah) [dAyoc, pain]. A suffix denoting
pain, as odontalgia, neuralgia, etc.

Algid (al'-jid) [algidus, cold]. Cold, chilly. A.
Fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, with great
coldness of the surface of the body. A. Cholera,
Asiatic cholera.

Algin (al' '-Jin) [a/o-a. a seaweed]. Alginic acid; a
gummy substance derivable from seaweeds and form-
ing a good substitute for gum arabic.

Algology (al-gol-o-Ji) [alga, a seaweed ; Aeysiv, speak].
That department of botany treating of alga?, phy-
cology.

Algometer (al-gom' -et-er) [a/.yog, pain ; fiirpnv, a
measure]. An instrument for testing the sensibility
of a part to pain.

Algometry \al-gomf -et-re) [n'/yo^, pain; perpov, a
measure]. The testing of pain.

Algophobia {al-go-fo1 '-be-aK) [akyoq, pain; do iV,
dread]. Unreasonable or morbid dread of pain.

Algophobic [al-go-fof-bik) [aXyoq, pain; $6 flog, dread].
Characterized by algophobia.

Algophobist [al-go-fo' -bist) [dAyoc.pain; do /3oc, dread].
One who morbidly dreads pain.

Algor [aV-gor) [I-]- A sense of chilliness or coldness.
A. Progressions. Syn. of Scleroderma Neonatorum.

Algos (al'-gos) [a/.ync, pain]. Pain; a painful disease,
or attack.

Algosis [al-go'-sis) [alga, seaweed]. The causation
of disease by certain plants, as alg;u.

Algospasm [alf -gospazm) [aAyog, pain; c-nnimc,
spasm]. Painful spasm or cramp.

Al'ibert's Ke'loid. See Keloid and Diseases, Table of.

Alibility [al-ib-W '-e-te) [alibilis, nutritive]. Availabil-
ity of a nutritious substance for absorption and assimi-
lation.

Alible [aV-i-bl) [alibilis, nutritive] . Nutritive; absorb-
able and assimilable.

Alicant (al'-ik-ant) [from Alicante, in Spain]. A
strong, sweet, and dark-colored .Spanish wine.

Alices [al'-is-ez] [L. ]. Red spots preceding the pustu-
lation in small]"

Alienation [sl-yen-a' 'shun) [alienatio ; alienare, to
withdraw]. Mental derangement, insanity.

Alienist {&l' '-yen-ist i [alienor, , to withdraw]. ( )ne who
treats mental diseases; a specialist in the treatment of
insanity.

Aliethmoid {al-e-etlt' '-moid) [a/a, a wing; rfifi
Strainer]. In birds, the wing of the ethmoidal por-
tion "t the orbito nasal cartilage.

Aliferous [al-if' '-er-us) [a/a. a wing; ferre, to bear].
Winged ; alate ; aligerous.

Aliform [alf -if-ortn) [a/a, wing; forma, shape]. Wing-

sbaped. A. Process, the wing of the sphenoid.

Alisphenoid. Aliformes musculi [al-if-or* '-mez

mus' '-ku-li). The aliform or wing-shaped muscles;

the pterygoid muscle-.

Aligerous {al-ij'-er-us) [ala, wing ; gerere, to bear].
Having wings ; alate; aliferous.

Aliment [alf -im-ent) [alimentum, from alimentai
nourish]. Nourishment, food. A substance that,
acted upon by the digestive and assimilative organs,
yields the sources and repairs the losses of heat, force,
or the tissues of the body.

Alimentary {al-im-en'-ta-re) [alimentum , from alimen-
tare, to nourish]. Nourishing. A. Bolus, the food
after mastication and just prior to swallowing. A.
Canal, Duct, System, or Tube, the digestive tube
from the lips to the anus, with its acces-ory gland-.

Alimentation [al-im-en-ta' 'shun) [xilimentare , to nour-
ish]. The process of the reception and conversion of
food into material tit for nourishment. A., Rectal,
the nourishing of a patient by the administration of
small quantities of concentrated food through the rec-
tum. There are many formulae for these nutritious
enemata, the most important of which are the fol-
lowing: i. Leube's Pancreatic-meat Emulsion. —
" For rectal alimentation : chop live ounces of finely-
scraped meat still finer, add to it one and a-half
ounces of finely-chopped pancreas, free from fat, and
then three ounces of lukewarm water ; stir to the con-
sistence of a thick pulp. Give at one time, care being
taken to wash out the rectum with water about an hour
before." 2. Mayet's Formula. — " Fresh ox-pancreas
150 to 200 grams; lean meat 400 to 500 grams.
Bruise the pancreas in a mortar with water at a tem-
perature of 370 C, and strain through a cloth. Chop
the meat and mix thoroughly with the strained fluid,
after separating all the fat and tendinous portions.
Add the yolk of one egg, let stand for two hours, and
administer at the same temperature, after having
cleansed the rectum with an injection of oil. This
quantity is sufficient for 24 hours' nourishment, and
should be administered in two ' ? Ramie's

Formula. — " Add to a bowl of good beef-tea one-half
pound of lean, raw beefsteak pulled into shred.-. At
990 F. add one drachm of fresh pepsin and one-half
drachm of dilute HC1. Place the mixture before the
fire and let it remain for four hour-, stirring frequently.
The heat must not 1m- to,, great, or the artificial diges-
tive process will be stopped altogether. It is better to
have the mixture too cold than too hot. If alcohol is
to lie given it should be added at the last moment.
Eggs may also be added, but should be previo
well beaten." 4. Pea rmula. — "Crush or

grind a pound of beef-muscle fine; then add one pint
of cold water; allow it to macerate 40 minutes, and
then gradually raise it to the boiling point ; allow it to
boil for two minutes — no more — and then strain."
5. Flint's Mixture. — "Milk !|ij, whisky ^--. to
which add half an es

Alimentivity [al-im-en-tii/ -i-te) [alimentare, to nour-
ish]. The instinct that impels the animal organi-:
ta! r nourishment.

Al [NASA!

60

ALLAN H MD

Alinasal a in .•' sal) [■'■'. i wii . the nose").

Pertaining to tfa ir wing of the nose.

Aliped i wing; >t], Charac

terized by having the fingers nr toes connected bj a
membrane, for purposes of flight.

Alipt:. i Relating t.> inunc-

tion, j. Gymnastic; pertaining to physical culture.

Alisma a, plantain], A genus of

endogenous plants. ./. plan 01 water plantain,

h.i> pungent, acrid qualities, and i> used a^ a diuretic
ami stimulant. Unof.

Alismin tin) [iutctia, plantain]. An extractive

or precipitate, obtained from the tincture >>f Alisma

Alisphenoid id) [a/a, a wing;

wedgi . . form], i. Pertaining to the greater

wing of the sphenoid bone. 2. That bone which in
adult life forms the main portion of the greater wing
of the sphenoid.

Alizarin '-run [Arab., a/, the; ac&rah, to ex

tract], ' I(Hj\ 1 lie red coloring principle occur-
ing in the madder plant, Rubia tinctorium, and in
anthracene, a coal tar product. It occurs in red pris
inatic crystals, readily soluble in ether and alcohol.
The alizarins form a group of the anthracene colors.
• Pigments under Pigment. A. Blue,
a crystalline blue coloring matter formed l>v heating
nitroalizarin in combination with II,S(>( and glycerin.
A. Red. a pale tiesh-color used in dyeing.

Alkahest [cil'-ka-hest). Same as Alcahest.

Alkalescence i al-ka-Us' '-ens | [ Arab., al-qaR., soda-
ash]. Slight or commencing alkalinity; alkaline
quality or tendency.

Alkalescent [al-ka-les/ -ent) [Arab., al-qaR, soda-ash],
newhat alkaline; mildly alkaline.

Alkali [alf-ka-li) [Arab., al-qaR, soda-ash]. The
term includes the hydrated oxids of the alkali metals ;
these are electropositive, are strong bases, uniting
with acids to form salts, turn red litmus blue, and
saponify fats A., Caustic (usually potash), when so
concentrated as to possess caustic properties; potash
and soda are called fixed alkalies, because perma-
nently solid ; ^oda is called a mineral, potash a vege-
table, and ammonia a volatile alkali.

Alkali-albumin [al'-ka-li-al-bu'-min). A derived al-
bumin ; a proteid having been acted upon by dilute
alkalie- and yielding an alkaline reaction.

Alkaligenous (al-ka-lij' '-en-us) [alkali; yevfyg, produ-
cing]. Affording or producing an alkali.

Alkalimeter (al-ka-lim'-et-er) [alkali; fiirpov, a mea-
sure]. An instrument for estimating the alkali in a
substance.

Alkalimetry [al-ka-lim' '-et-re) [alkali; fiirpov, a mea-
sure]. The measurement of the amount of an alkali
in a substance.

Alkaline al'-ka-lin) [alkali']. Having the qualities of
or pertaining to an alkali. A. Bath. See Hath.
A. Copper Test. See Tests, Table of. A. Tide.

Alkalinity [al-ka-lin' '-it-e) [alkali]. The quality of

being alkaline.
Alkalinuria [al-ka-lin-u' '-re-ak) [alkali; oipov, urine].

Alkalinity of the urine.
Alkalization [al-ka-li-za' '-shun) [alkali]. The ai

rendering a thing alkaline; th- or quality of

being rendered alkaline.
Alkaloid ' \ [alkali; elfioc, likeness]. Resem-

bling an alkali.
Alkaloidal [al-ka-loid' -al) [alkali: elioc, likeness].

Having the qualities of an alkaloid.
Alkaloids [al' -ka-loidz) [alkali; eldog, liken.--] All

nitrogenous vegetable compounds of basic and alka-

line character, or their derivatives, from which bases
may be isolated. ["hey are chief constituents of the
active principles of the vegetable drugs employed as
medicines or poisons. Those alkaloids containing no
oxygen are generally liquid ami volatile; such are
nicotic .ni.l conein. The others are solid, crystalliza
ble, and non volatile. A., Putrefactive. See Pto
maines.

Alkaluretic {al-ka-ht-ref -ik) [alkali; ovpov, urine].
Causing or tending to cause a Sow of alkaline urine.

Alkanet [al'-kan-et) [Sp., dim. of alcafia, henna].
The root of tin- herb, Alkanna [Anchusa) tinctoria,
yielding a red dye that is used in staining wood, coloi
ing adulterated wines, and in pharmacy to give a red
col. >r to salves, etc.

Alkan'na Red. See Alkannin.

Alkannin [al'-kan-in) [Sp., dim. of alcana, henna].
Alkanna red; a valuable coloring matter obtained
from alkanet. It is a dark, brownish-red, resinous
mass, or powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in
alcohol and ether, neutral in reaction.

Alkapton [al-kap' -ton). A yellowish resinous l>ody occa-
sionall) found in urine, which on exposure to air
acquires a brownish tint. It does not ferment and
does not reduce bismuth like glucose, though it throws
down a somewhat brownish mass. It i> highly soluble
in water, but only sparingly in ether.

Alkaptonuria [al-kap-ton-u' -re-ah) [alkapton; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of alkapton in the urine. It
has been found in case> of pulmonary tuberculosis, and
in other instances in which there are no local lesions
or general disease. It i-< without clinical signilicance.

Alkarsin [al-kar,-sin) [alcohol; arsenic]. Cadet's
Fuming Liquid; an extremely poisonous liquid con
taining cacodyl. It is of a brown color, and on
exposure to the air igniter spontaneously.

Alkophyr (al'-ko-fir). Briicke's name for a variety of
peptone soluble in alcohol.

Alkoxid (al-koks'-id) [alcohol; oxid], A chemical
compound formed by the union of an alcohol with a
metallic base.

Alkylogens [al-kil' '-o-jenz). See Esters, Haloid.

Alkyls {a!' -kHz) [alkali]. The name applied to the
univalent alcohol radicals, CnHin + i ; methyl, ethyl,
etc. , are alkyls.

Alkyl-sulphids (al'-kil-sul' -fids). Thio-ethers. Sulphur
analogues of the ethers. They are colorless liquids,
mostly insoluble in water and possessing a disagreeable
odor resembling that of garlic.

Allagostemonous {al-ag-o-stef-mon us) [aXTuryf),
change; ar^fiuv, a thread or stamen]. In botany,
the alternate insertion of the stamens on the receptacle
ami i i irolla.

Allamanda (al-ani-au1 '-dak) [.Ilia maud, a Swiss
scientist]. A genus "l apocynaceous climbing shrubs
of tropical Amerii a. A. cathartica is diaphoretic,
emetic, cathartic, and refrigerant. Unof.

Allantiasis [al-an-tv" -as-is) [ii'/'mc, a sausage].
Sausage poisoning, due to putrefactive changes in
imperfectly cured sausages, or in those made from
bad materials.

Allantoic [al-an to'-ik) [bftkaq, a sausage; eMoc, rest m
blame]. Pertaining to the allantois. A. Parasite,
a form of autosite in which the weaker fetus forms
tstomoses with the allantoic or placental circulation
..I the stronger, thus becoming directly dependent for
its nutrition upon the circulation of the latter. It i^
characterized by a partial or complete disappearance
of the heart of the parasite.

Allantoid [al-an' '-toid) [aXXag, sausage; eldoc, resem
blame], i. Resembling or like a sausage. 2. Rela-
ting to the allantois

A I 1. ANTON MAN

61

Al U 'I'MI.MY

Allantoidian (al-an toid'-e-an) [a7\%ac , a sausage; rirfoc,
resemblance]. Any animal which in it- fetal condi-
tion pi issesses an allantois.

Allantoin [al-anf-to-in) [a2%ag, a sausage . sem

blance], < ,1 l,;N ,• >8. Act) stalline substani e occurring
in traces in normal urine, and prepared from uric acid
by oxidation processes. Also the characteristii con-
stituent of the allantoic fluid, and likewise found in
fetal urine and amniotic fluid. Ii crystallizes in small,
shining, colorless, hexagonal prisms, soluble readily
in hot water. It reduces Fehling's solution on pro-
longed boiling.

Allantois {al-an'-to is) [aTJuae, a sausa , . resem-

blance]. < me of the fetal appendages or membranes,
derived from the mesoblastic and hypoblastic layers,
[ts function is to convey the blood-vessels to the
chorion. The lower part finally becomes the bladder,
the rest, the urachus.

Allantotoxicon (al an-to-toks'-ik-on) [aKKac, a sausage ;
toI-ikAv, a poison]. A name applied to a poisonous
substance, probably a ptomaine, that develops during
the putrefactive fermentation of sausage, especially
that made of blood and liver.

Allarton's Operation. - ." n . 'fable of.

Allassotonic (al-as-o-ton' -ik) [aXXaxsaetv, to vary ; rovoc,
tension]. In biology, a term applied to the transient
movements produced by stimulation, in mature plant
organs; opposite of Auxotonic.

Allen's Closet. See Se?oage, Disposal of. A. Tests.
See Tests, 7 able of

Allenthesis (al-enf -thesis) [a/\2og, other; ivdeaic,
insertion]. The presence or the introduction of
foreign bodies into the organism.

Allentheton {al-enf '-the-ton) [aKKoc, other; erfltoic,
insertion]. A foreign body present in the organism.

Alleorgan, or Allceorgan (al-e-or'-gan) [aKhaioq, of
another sort ; bpyavov, organ]. Same as Alloplast,

AUeosis, or Allceosis (al-e-o'sis) [a'S\fa>iu>oic, change].

1. Change; alterative effect; recovery from illness.

2. Mental disorder.

Alleotic. or Allceotic (al-e-ot^-ik) [a'/.Aoluaic, change].
Alterative.

Allepigamic (al-ep-ig-amf -ik) [a'/'/nc, other; £~t,upon;
]<uuk6s, relating to marriage]. In biology, a term
applied by Poulton to the colored foreign objects dis-
played by certain animals during courtship, as by the
bower birds.

Allesthesia (al-es-thef se-ah) [dA/loc, other ; aiaOrjac,
feeling]. Same as Allochiria.

Allevation (al-e-va* '-shun) [ad, to ; levare, to lift up],
I. The relief of pain. 2. The raising or lifting of
a patient from the bed or from the reclining posture.

Alleviation (al-e-ve-a' -shun) [alleviatus ; ad%to; levare,
lift up]. The relief or palliation of pain.

Alleviative (al-e'-ve-a-tiv) [allevare, to lighten]. I.
Tending to mitigate or relieve pain. 2. A remedy for
the relief of pain.

Alleviator (al-eS-ve-a-ter) [allevare, to lighten]. A
device for raising or lifting a sick person from the bed.

Allex (al'-eks) [I-]- Same as ^a//«.v.

Allheal (mvl-hel') [A. S.,all; heelan, to heal]. The
officinal valerian, Valeriana officinalis; also the plant
Stackys palustris.

Alliaceous (al-e-al -shus) [allium, garlic]. Resembling
garlic or pertaining to the same.

Alligator-forceps (aP-e-ga-tor-for,-seps). A surgeons'
toothed forceps, one of the jaws of which works with
a double lever.

Alligator Pear (aV-e-ga-tor par). The seeds of Persea
gratissima, or Avocado Pear. A Mexican remedy
for intercostal neuralgia, and internally, an anthelmintic
( ?). Dose, internally, of the fld. ext. rrncxx— :jj.

Allingham's Operations. See Operatu >i . 7 "
Allingham's Rectal Plug. An appliance for controll-
ing hemorrhage from the rectum.
Allis's Inhaler. See Anesthetic.
Allis's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Tail
Alliteration (al-il huh) [ad, to; litera, letter].

A form "i dysphrasia in which the patient arranges his
word- ;u 1 1 irding i' i the sound.
Allium (alf-\ uin\ [I..]. < iarlic. The bulb of . /.
sativum. Contains a pungent volatile oil (ally! sul-
phid), that is found also in the leek and the onion.
The tubers are used both as a food and diment,

and are stimulants to digestion. A. cepa, the common
onion, and A. porrum, the leek, have similar qualities.
A., Syr., contain-, fresh garlic 20, sugar So, dil. acetic
acid q. s. Dose gj— Xiv.
Allochetia (al-o-ke/-te-ah). Same as Allochezia.
Allochezia [al-o-ke1 '-ze-ah) [aXXog, other; x1-'1'- "•
desire to go to stool], i. The passage of feces from
the body through an abnormal opening. 2. The
passing of non-fecal matter from the bowels.
Allochiria (al-o-ki* -re-ah) [u/'/nc, other; xeip, hand].
An infrequent tabetic symptom, in which, if one ex-
tremity be pricked, the patient locates the sensation in
the corresponding member of the other side.
Allochroic (al-lo-kro/-ik) [aTJkoc, another; ^/jw/za,

color]. Of changeable or diversified color.
Allochromasia (al-o-kro-ma/ zeah) [a/'//>r, other;

Xpufia, color]. Color-blindm
Allochromatic (al-o-kro-mat'-ik) [dAAoc, other; xi"'-'1"1)

color]. < )f a changeable cof >r.
Allocinetic (al-osin-ef-ik). See Allokinetic.
Allocryptic (al-o-krip' -tik) [n/'/»<;, other;

hidden]. In biology, a term applied by Poulton to
mimetic coloration in animals produced by covering
themselves with foreign objects.
Allceosis (al-e-o/-sis). See AUeosis.
Allceotic (al-e-o^-ik). See Alleotic.
Allogamy (al-ogf -am-e) [ak/\oc, other; yaftoc, marriage].

In biology, cross fertilization.
Alloisomerism (al-o-isomf-er-izm) [a'/'/or, other;
toofiepfjg, having equal parts]. The application of the
same structural formula to many different compounds ;
a variety of isomerism.
Allokinetic (al-o-kin-ef -ik) [a'/'/or, other; k
motion]. Moved or set in motion by external impi
sions or forces ; not autokinetic.
Allolalia (al-o-la' '-le-ah) [a.7Juoc, other; TmTjeiv, to speak].

Any perversion of the faculty of speech.
Allolalic (al-o-lal'-ik) [<)/'/"<;. other; AaXelv, to speak].

Affected with allolalia.
Allomerism (al-omf -er-izm) [aXkoc, other; uepoc,
shape]. In chemistry, the property of retaining a con-
stant crystalline form while the chemical constituents
present, or their proportions, vary.
Allomorphism (al-o-morf'-izm) [aKXne, other ; ua
shape]. The property possessed by certain substances
of assuming a different form while remaining un-
changed in constitution.
Allopathy (al-op* -a-the) [aXhoc, other; t&Boc, affection].
According to Hahnemann, the inventor of the term,
that method of the treatment of disease consisting in
the use of medicines the action of which upon the
body in health produces morbid phenomena different
from those of the disease treated. < >pposed to homeo-
pathv. It need hardly be said that modern scientific
medicine is based upon no such theory, or definition,
as that supplied by homeopathy. See R
Allophasis (al-off'-as is) [a^Aoi , other; oamr. speech].

[ncoherency of speech; delirium.
Allophemv (al-off'-e me) [a'/'/or. other; oi,ni. to speak].
See Heterophemy.

All .1 >1'1 \-l

AD " IIIA

Alloplast form,

mold]. In biology, a plastid composed of -< ••■
sues ; the opposite < if bomoplast.

Allorrhythmia

rhythm 1. Variation in interval of the pulsi
l'n iac Rhythm.

Allosematic U-ik) [dWoc, other; OTJfja, a

int character]. Applied to
iration which enables an animal to associate its
with some large or dangerous animal.
Allosteatodcs i . other; o

uAtK, fat-like]. Marked by perversion or morbidity
retion.
Allotoxin ither; rogucdv, poison].

Any substance, produced by tissue metamorphosis
within the organism, that lends to shield the body by
destroying microbes "i" toxins that are inimical to it.
Allotriodontia the-ah) [a7

, tooth], i. The transplanting of teeth
fmm one person to another. 2. The existence of
teeth in abnormal situation-, as in tumors.
Allotrioecrisis o. ek'-ris-is) [a/Mrptoc, strange ;

- , excretion]. The discharge or elimination of
foreign matter- with the excretions.

Allotriogeusia [al-ot-re-o-gu' '-se-ah). Same a&Allotri-
\tstia.

Allotriogeustia i '-le-ah) [<i> -

strange ; . taste]. Perversion of the sense of

taste ; abnormality of the appetite.

Allotriolithiasis {al-ot-re-o-Hth-i' -as-is) [<)'// a-, .

inge; ' "<<:. a stone]. The formation or existence
of a calculus of unusual material, or composed entirely
or in part of a foreign body.

Allotriophagy [a ff'-a-je) \a)OJ>rpijoq, strange;

etv, to eat]. Depraved or unnatural appetite.

Allotriotexis (al-ot-re-o-teks'-is) [aXMrptog, strange;
. birth], I. Abnormality in delivery. 2. The
birth or delivery of a monstrosity.

Allotriuria (al-ol-re-u' '-re-ah) [akMrptoc, strange;
«xv, urine]. Abnormality of the urine.

Allotrope (al' ' -o-trop) \aKkoq , different ; Tponrfj, a change].
<)ne of the forms in which an element capabl
assuming different forms may appear.

Allotrophic [al-o-troff-ilt) [«//.<«;, other ; nour-

ishment]. Having perverted or modified characters
as a nutrient.

Allotropism [al-ot'-ro-pizni) \_'i)'/nc, other;

method]. I. The term expresses the fact of certain
ments exi-ting in two or more conditions with
differences of physical properties. Thus carbon illus-
trates allotropism by existing in the forms of charcoal,
plumbago, and the diamond. See Isomeric, 2.
Appearance in an unusual or abnormal form.

Allotropy (al-of '-ro-peY Allotropism.

Allotrylic \al-o-tril' -ik) \biKkSrptoq, foreign; vfoj, prin-
ciple]. Due to the presence of a foreign principle <>r
material ; enthetic. A. Affections, morbid states
caused by the lodgment of foreign substances in the
organism. The foreign substance may be animate or
inanimate, organic or inorganic.

Alloxan [al \allantoin; oxalic], C4H2N204.

The ureld of mesoxalic arid ; it is produced by the
careful oxidation of uric and. or alloxantin with nitric
acid or chlorin and bromin. It appears in long,
shining, rhombic prisms, easily soluble in water, with
a very acid n, and possessing a able

taste. The solution placed on the skin slowly .-tain-
it a purple red. It occurs in the intestinal mucus in

- of dial :

Alloxanic Acid \cid.

Alloxantin [al-oks-an' -tin) \allantoin ; oxalic], CgH4-

N.O,

,11,'). A substance obtained by reducing

alloxan with Sn< 1 ,. rinc and II" 1. or I I.,S in the i
It occurs in -mall, hard, colorless prisms that turn red
in air containing ammonia. It- solution has an acid
reaction.
Alloy [from tin- French word aloi, a contraction

of a i lot], i. A compound of two or more metals by
fusion See Gold Plate and Gold Solder, i. The least

valuable of two or mere metal- thai are fused together.
Allozooid (al-o u/-oid) [dAAoc, other; ; woeid^c, like an

animal], in zoology, a zooid differing from the

organism producing it.
Allspice See Pimenta, and Florida All-

Sp;

Aliure [ii/iir'). Synonym of Influenza.

Allyl [al'-W] [(>',, matter], C,H5. A non-saturated
univalent alcohol radii al of the oil- obtained from
alliaceous plants. It doi - not exist in the free state.
A. Alcohol, C3H5H( ), a colorles- inflammable liquid,
with pungenl odor, boiling at 970 C. A. Aldehyd,
C3H40, a syn, of Acrolein. A. Cyanid.
Sinamin. A. Mustard Oil, < IS. N.I ,11 . Allyl thio-
carbimid. The principal constituent of ordinary mus-
tard oil. It is a liquid not readily dissolved by
water; boils at 150. 70; at io°, it has a sp. gr. of
1. 017; it has a pungenl odor and vesicates the skin.
A. sulphid, (1 il 5, the essential oil of garlic.
A. thiocarbimid. See ./. Mustard Oil. A.
tribromid, < ,11 la,, a colorless liquid used as an
antispasmodic. Dose, five drops. Unof.

Allylamin [al-iP -am-in) ['/>/, matter; ammonia],
XI!,1 Hi. Ammonia in which a hydrogen atom is
replaced by allyl. It is a sharply caustic mobile liquid.

Allylin (al-il'-iri) [i'faj, matter], < ',.] !,._,• >.. Monoally]
ether, produced by heating glycerol with oxalic acid.
It is a thick liquid, boiling at 225-2400.

Almeciga [al-ma' '-thig-aK) [Sp.]. See Elemi.

Almen and Nylander's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Almen's Tests. See Tests, Table of.

Almond (am'-und) [M. E., almonde]. See Amyg-
dala. A. Bread, a variety of bread made from almond
flour, for use by diabetics. It is made as follow- ■
Take of blanched sweet almonds a quarter of a
pound. Heat them as line as possible in a stone
mortar, remove the sugar by putting in a linen bag and
steeping for a quarter of an hour in boiling water
acidulated with vinegar; mix this paste thoroughl)
with three ounces of butter and two egg.-. Add the
volk- of three eggs and a little salt, and stir well for
some time. Whip up the whites of three egg- and
stir in. Put the dough thus obtained into greased
moulds and dry by a .-low lire. A. of the Ear, tne
tonsil. A. Mixture. See Amygdala1 Mistura. A.
Oil, oleum amygdalae, the fixed oil obtained from
both tin- sweet and the bitter almond. It is odorless,
agreeable to the taste, and of a yellow color; sp. gr.
.919 at 150 C. It i.- used in pharmacy and medi
and in soap-making, A. Oil, Bitter, (ileum amyg
(hi! See Amygdala. A. Paste, a inn

of bitter almonds, alcohol, white of egg and rose-watei .
used to soften the -kin and prevent the hands and lips
from chapping. A. of the Throat, the tonsil.

Alnuin [alf-nu-in) [Celtic, al, near; Ian, a river bank].
A precipitate from the tincture of Alnus rubra. Said
to I tive and resolvent. Dose gr. ii-x. (not

Alnus (al'-iin 1 [Celtic, al, near; Ian, a river bank],

Alder Bark. The bark ol the American Alder, ./.
se rrulata, contains tannic acid. The decoction of bark
and leave- i- astringent, and used a- a gargle and :i- a
lotion for wounds and ulcers. Dose oi powderedbark
gr. x.
Alochia {ah-lo'-ke-ah) [a priv.; >«v'". the lochia].

AbSl ll'e of the ] o. Ilia.

a i. or.

63

A I SACE G

6) [">'»//, the aloe]. The in->[ Heated jui<
r.il species of aloe, of which the /. ,'nna. A.

Aloe

several species
barbadensis,. axid A. tnosl commonly u

In properties are due to aglucosid, aloin, C17H1807. A
tonic astringent, useful in amenorrhea, chronic consti-
pation, and atonic dyspepsia. It i- also an emmen-
agogue and anthelmintic. Do gr. j-v. A. amer-
icana'. See Agave. A. Decoct., Comp. (B.P.).
Dose gr. ss— ij. A. Enema (B.P.), alo
of potassium; mucila arch. A. et Asafcetida,

Pil., aloes an 1 asafetida aa gr. i ' ,. A. et Canellae,
Pulv , contains powdered bark of Canella alba. I
gr. v-xx. A. et Ferri, Pil., contains gr. j each of
aloes, ferrous sulphate, and aromatic powder, incor-
porated with confection of roses. A. et Mastich,
Pil , " Lady Webster's" pill, contains each aloes gr.
ij, mastich and red rose gr. ss. A. et Myrrh, Pil.,
contains each aloes gr. ij, myrrh, gr. j, aromatic pow-
der gr. ss, mixed with syrup. A. et Myrrh, Tinct ,
aloes io, myrrh io, alcohol ioo parts. Dose % ss- 3 ij.
A. Ext. Aquosum, prepared by mixing 1 with 10 parts
boiling water, straining and evaporating. I >ose gr.
ss-v. A. Pil., aloes and soap aa gr. ij. A. Puri-
ficata, the common drug purified by solution in alcohol
and evaporation. Dose gr. j-v. A. Socotrin, Pil.
1 B. P.), contains socotrin, aloes, hard soap, oil of nut-
meg and confection of roses. Dose gr. v-x. A.
Tinct., consists of aloes 10, glycyrrhiza 10, dil. alcohol
100 parts. Dose ^ss-^ij. A. Vin., has aloes 6,
cardamon I, ginger I, str. white wine 100 parts.
I ' >se 3J-31V.

Aloedary (al'-o-ed-a-re) [ahorjfiapiov , aloedarium]. A
compound aloetic purgative medicine.

Aloeretin (al-o-e-re'-tin) [aAor/, aloes; pijrtvrj, resin].
A brown resin contained in aloes.

Aloes (al'-oz). See Aloe. A. Caballine \_caballus,
a horse]. Coarse aloes, used in veterinary medi-
cine. A. Hepatic, dark liver-colored aloes, mostly
Socotrine or Barbadian. A. Lign. See Agallo-
chum.

Aloes-wood (al'-oz-wood). See Agallochum, and
Aquilaria.

Aloetic (al-o-et'-ik) \iikoi], the aloe]. Containing or
pertaining to aloes.

Aloetin (al-o-e' '-tin) [_aX6i/, the aloe; pqrivrj, resin]. I.
Aloeretin. 2. A yellow crystalline principle obtain-
able from aloes ; aloeretic acid.

Alogia [ah-lo'-je-ak) [<i priv. ; t.Syoc, word, reason].

1. Inability to speak, due to some psychical defect.

2. Stupid or senseless behavior.

Alogotrophy (al-o-got' -ro-fe) [a/Loyoc, strange, absurd ;
rpoff), nutrition]. Irregular and perverted nutrition,
leading to deformity.

Aloin (al'-o-in) [aMq, the aloe]. A bitter principle
found in aloes. It forms tine needles, possesses a
very bitter taste, and acts as a strong purgative. Sev-
eral glucosids of this name are described ; as Bar-
baloin, Nataloin, Zanaloin, Socaloin, 1/. v.

Alonette's Operation. See Operations, Tab/,

Alonsenel (al-on-sen-el') [Fr.]. A variety of the Cow-
ania mexicana% a tall, rosaceous shrub of Mexico and
the Rocky Mountain region. It is also called Cowan
Plant and Clitf-rose. It is locally valued as a styptic
and astringent. Unof.

Alopecia (al-o-pe' -se-ali) [a/.wT//,:, a fox]. Baldness :
Calvities ; a term employed to designate the forms of
baldness occurring in any disease as a symptom of
the latter, or occurring as a purely local affection of
the follicles in which the pilary filaments are lodged.
It mav be universal or partial, congenital or acquired,
physiological or pathological, symmetrical or asym-
metrical. It follows a larjje number of systemic

affection-. A. adnata. See -/., il. A.

areata; A- i; Tinea decalvans ; Porrigo de-

ans \ . ircumscripta ; that m in

which suddenlj ■ ral, usually

asymmetrically distributed, patches ■•! baldness ap
upon th'- hairy regions of the body, more- often upon
lii'- -' dp and pa red by the beard. I be pal

wiry in size from a pin-head to an involvement of the
entii ilescing of many

'fhe disease may be produced by traumatism of the
head, nervous shock, neurasthenia, ring the

scalp and syphilis. A. circumscripta. See /. are-
ata. A., Congenital, a rare: form, seldom com]
due t.. absence of hair-bulbs. A. furfuracea ;

ia pityroides capillitii ; Pityriasis capitis; Seborrhea
iillitii ; Pityriasis itnpL 1 .■ Dandruff; a form of
baldness associated with a disorder of ti.
marked by hyperemia, itching, and exfoliation of
dry or fatty scales from it- -urface. It may
acute or chronic, and produce a dryness, brittle!
and lack of luster in the hair. A. localis ; ./.
neuritica : that form occurring in one or more patches
at the site of an injury, or in the course of a recog-
nizable nerve. A. neuritica. See A. localis. A.
neurotica, a name given to baldness of tropho-
neurotic origin. A. orbicularis. Same as A. cir-
cumscripta. A. pityroides capillitii. See A.
furfuracea. A. pityroides universalis, a rapid
and general denudation of hair occurring in debilitated
states, preceded by abundant desquamation of fatty
scales. The skin is rather firmer and stiffer than
normal. A. senilis ; Senile Calvities ; that occur-
ring in old age from atrophy and sclerosis of the scalp.
A. simplex, the idiopathic premature baldness of
young adults. Most common in male-. Often
ciated with premature grayness. A. syphilitica,
that due to syphilis. A. universalis, that in
which there is a general falling out of the hairs of
the body.

Alopecist (al-o-pe' -sist) [ii/ <'.)- ,-;; , a fox]. One who
makes a specialty of the treatment of baldness.

Alopecoid (al-o-pe' -koid) [i'i/(Jt//,:, a fox ; etdoc, form].
Resembling a fox ; vulpine.

Alouchi (al-oo'-cki). See Acuchi.

Alouette's Amputation. See Operations, Table of.

Aloxanthin (al-oks-an'-tkin), C13H,0O6. A yellow
substance obtained from barbaloin and socaloin by the
action of bichromate of potassium.

Alpestrine (al-pes'-trin) [alpestris, alpine]. Peculiar
to mountain districts, as alpestrine diseases.

Alpha (al'-faK) [a/<>/, the first letter of the alphabet].
The Greek letter a, used in combination with many
chemical terms to indicate the first of a series. A.
Angle. See /ingle. A. -dextrin. Same as Ery-
thro-dextrin. A. Kava Resin. See Lewinin. A-
naphthol. See Naphthol. A.-naphthol Test. See
Tests, Tail, of. A.-oxynaphthoic Acid. See Acid,
ha- 0. xyn aphth oic.

Alphenic n'-ik) [Fr. , Alphtnic\. White barley

sugar.

Alphonsin (al-fon'-sin}. See Alfonsin.

Alphos I [.'//00c, vitiligo]. 1. An old name for

leprosy. -■ Psoriasis. 3. A term vaguely applied to
various skin diseases. See Psori.

Alphosis (al-fo'-sis) [aXfdq, vitiligo]. Albinism; leu-
coderma.

Alpinia (al-pin'-e-ah) \Alpinus, Italian botanist of the
sixteenth century]. A genus of zingiberaceous trop-
ical plants. A. ificinarum, A. chinensis, and other
species furnish Galangal, q.v. Still other species are
medicinal. Unof.

Alsace Gam See Dextrin.

ALST< 'MIHN

64

ALUS! \

Alstonidin [al-ston'-id-in) [A - >:. a Scotch botanist].
An amorphous substance contained in a variety of Rita
I '.irk.

Alstonin -nin) [Alston, a Scotch botanist], i.

An amorphous substance contained in a variety of
Dita bark. 2. \ crystalline alkaloid, ( '., 1 1 ,,,V' ',.
obtained from . / icta.

Alter I ," other"], ro castrate, or spay.

Alterant Same as Altera:

Alteration tn) [alterare, to make other],

A change, as of form. A. Theory. See Difference

Alterative {awlf -ter-a-tiv) [alter, another], A medi-
cine that alters the es of nutrition and exi
tion. restoring, in some unknown way, and without
sensible evacuation, the normal functions of an organ
or of the system. It seems to l>e a necessary or .
venient term covering our ignorance of the modus
1 certain medicines, as mercury, iodin, etc.
A., Compound, a domestic remedy consisting of bam-
boo, brier-root, stillingia, burdock-root, and poke-root,
aa fld. ext. %^iij. prickly-ash bark fid. ext. 3j.
Recommended by Sims in scrofulous affections. Dose

SJ-iJ-
Alternate 'er-ndt) [alternare, to do by turns]. In

my, applied to that form of leaf-arrangement in
which only one leaf occurs at a node. A. Genera-
tion See Alternation of Generations.

Alternating {awl* -ter-nat-ing) [alternare, to do by
turns]. ( lecurring successively. A. Insanity, a
form of insanity in which there are regular cycles of
exaltation and depression.

Alternation {aivl-ter-na'-shun) [alternare, to do by
turns]. Repeated transition from one state to another.
A. of Generations. 1. In biology, a generative
cycle in which the young do not resemble the parent,
but like forms are separated by one or more unlike
generations. 2. That form of reproduction in which
some of the members of the cycle can produce new
beings non-sexually, while in the final stage reproduc-
tion is always sexual. Tenia or tapeworm, is an
■tnple. The segments, Proglottides, are herma-
phrodite, and are evacuated with the feces. From the
egg, fertilized after it is shed, is developed the embryo,
that is swallowed by another animal, in whose tissues
it forms an encysted stage {Cysticercus, Ccenurus, or
Eckinococcus). To undergo further development the
cysticercus must find another host, where it forms new
segments.

Althaus's Oil. A modification of Lang's Oil. It is
made as follows : Metallic mercury I part, pure lano-
lin 4 parts, 2 per cent, carbolic oil 5 part>. It forms
a homogeneous gray cream that has no tendency to
decomposition. It is used in the treatment of syphilis
in injections of n\v at a dose.

Althea or Althaea {al-the' '-ah) [L.]. Marsh-mallow.
The peeled root of / officinalis, a plant of the mal-
low family. It consists of about one-third of vege-
■■ mucus and Stan h, together with the alkaloids
t baragin and Althein 1 latterly regarded as identical).

I'- d :tion is employed as a mucilaginous drink.

A. syrupi contains four percent, althea. hose in-
definite Xsparagin po dative and diuretic
properties, and is useful in ascit'- and gout. I 1
gr. ij-iij.

Althein {al-the' in). See Althea.

Alticomous {al-hk* '-o-mus) [alius, high; coma, head
of hair, foliage]. In biology, leafy at or near the
summit only.

Altitude [al'-te-tud] [altitudo, height]. The height, as
of an individual. In climatology, the elevation of
a place above the sea-level. A. staff, a device em-

ployed lor measuring the exact height of recruits. It
consists ot a rigid upright with a vertex-bar moving
without play at right angles to the upright.

Altricious {al-trish'-us) [altrix, a nurse]. Requiring
a long nursing; hence, slow of development (the re-
verse ot precoci< 1

Aluchi (al-oo/-cAi). See Acuehi.

Aludel \aP-u-del) [Arab., al, the; uthal, utensil]. In
chemistry, a pear-shaped glass or earthen vessel used
in sublimation.

Alum {al'-um) [alumen, alum]. Any one of a class
of double sulphates formed by the union of one of
the sulphates oi certain non alkaline metals with a
sulphate of some alkaline metal. The standard (or
common commercial) alum, the official A lumen, U.
S. 1' . is the aluminium-potassium sulphate, AL.-
(S04)„ ■ K2S04 • 2411,0. It is a powerful astrin-
t and styptic in medicine, and is extensively used
in the arts. It is employed by bakers to whiten their
bread, but the effect upon the system is probably in-
jurious. Ordinary A. Ammoniac is the same as the
above, except that the potassium is replaced by am-
monium. It is official in Great Britain, and is exten-
sively used on account of its cheapness. What is
known as concentrated or patent alum, is the normal
aluminium sulphate {aluminii sulphas) which is not a
true alum. A. Ammonio-ferric [Ferri et Ammonii
sulphas), U. S. P., is strongly styptic, and is useful in
leucorrhea. Dose gr. v-x. A. Potassio-ferric is
extremely similar to the A. ammonio-ferric. (For A.
Rubidium, see Rubidium). A. Sodae, double sul-
phate of sodium and aluminium, is too soluble for
ordinary uses. The other alums are very numerous,
but they are of little interest to the physician. A.
Whey, a preparation obtained by boiling 3 ij of alum
in a pint of milk, and straining. It is used as an astrin-
gent ami internal hemostatic, in wineglassful doses.

Alumen {al-u'-men) [L. , gen. , Aluminis]. See Alum.
A. exsiccatum, burnt or dehydrated alum.

Alumina {al-uf -min-ak) [L.]. Sesquioxid of alumin-
ium ; the principal ingredient of clay, and of many
-tones, earths and minerals.

Aluminate [al-u' -tnin-ai) [alumina]. A basic salt of
alumina.

Aluminated Copper. See Lapis divinus.

Aluminiferous {al-u-min-if -er-us) [alumen, alum ;
ferre, to form]. Yielding alum.

Aluminium [al-u-min1 '-e-um) [R] A] — 27. Quan-
tivalence II, iv. A silver white metal distinguished
by its low sp. gr. , about 2.6. A. hydrate, Al ,1 1 1< I , .
a tasteless white powder, feebly astringent. Dose gr.
iij-xx. A. and Potassium sulphate, K.,Al.,iN
{Alum. (j. v. ), a valuable astringent used in catarrh,
leucorrhea, gonorrhea. Dose gr. x-xx. In teaspoon -
ful doses, an emetic. A. sulphate, A12(S04)8, an
antiseptic and astringent used as a lotion in 5 per cent,
solution. A. acetate, unof. ; a disinfectant. A.
acetotartrate, unof. ; a disinfectant.

Aluminosis {al-u-min-o* -sis) [aluminium]. A pul-
monary disease common among workers in aluminium ;
the dust 1 ollectS within the lung tissue.

Alumnol {al-um'-nol) [aluminium"]. An astringent
and antiseptic " sulphur combination of aluminium."
I seful in gonorrhea, endometritis, ear. nose and skin
diseases, etc. I sed in the main externally. Unof.

Alum Root. I he root of Heuchera americana. Prop
ertie- due to gallic and tannic acids. It is vny astrin-
gent. Dose of the fld. ext. gtt, x-xx. Also the root
of Geranium maculatum, a mild and safe astringent.
See Geranium. Unof.

Alusia fal-u' '-ze-ah) [aMietv, to wander]. Hallucina-
tion ; morbid state of mind.

AI.l'l A i !•".( >! -

65

AMAUR< "SIS

Alutaceous (al-u-ta/-sae-us) [alula, soft leather]. In
botany, of a pale brown color, like untanni 'I leather.

Alvearium [al-ve-a' -re-urn) [I..]. The external audi-
tory canal or meatus.

Alveloz [al-vel-oth') [Sp.]. An extractive from Eu-
phorbia icterodoxa, having diuretic properties. It is
highly recommended as a topical application in can-
cer. Unof.

Alveolar (al-ve' '-o-lar) [alveolus , a small hollow]. Per-
taining to the alveoli or sockets of the teeth. A. Ab-
scess, a gum-boil. A. Arch, the alveolar surface of
the jaw. A. Artery, a branch of the internal maxil-
lary. A. Border, the face margin of the jaws. A.
Cancer. See Cancer. A. Index, in craniometry,
the gnathic index ; the ratio of the distance between
the basion and alveolar point, to the distance be-
tween the basion and the nasal point, multiplied by
loo. (Sometimes the basilar index is called the alve-
olar index.) See Index and Craniometrical Points.
A. Point. See Craniometrical Points. A. Process,
the border of the superior maxilla in which the alveoli
are placed. A. Sarcoma. See Sarcoma.

Alveolarium {al-ve-o-la' '-re-um) [alveus, a bee-hive].
A name sometimes applied to the external meatus of
the ear. It is so called because the wax of the ear
gathers in that place.

Alveolate (al-ve* -o-lat, or al'-ve-o-ldt) [alveola/us, hol-
lowed out like a little tray]. In biology, pitted, honey-
combed.

Alveoli (al-ve' -o-li). Genitive and plural of Alveolus.

Alveolitis [al-ve-o-W '-lis) [alveolus, a hollow ; trie, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the alveolus of a tooth.

Alveolo-condylean (al-ve' -o-lo-kon-dil'-e-an) [alveo-
lus, a hollow; Kovdv'/.or, a knuckle]. In craniometry,
pertaining to the alveolus and condyle. A. Plane.
See Plane.

Alveo1o-dental (al-ve'-o-lo-den'-tal) [alveolus, a hol-
low ; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Pertaining to the teeth
and their sockets.

Alveolo-labialis (al-ve' -o-lo-lab-e-a' -lis) [alveolus, a
hollow; labium, the lip]. The buccinator muscle.

Alveolo-subnasal (al-ve' ' -o-lo-sub-na' '-sal) [alveolus, a
hollow; sub, under; nasus, nose]. In biology, per-
taining to the alveolar and subnasal points of the skull.
A. Prognathism. See Prognathism.

Alveolus (al-Te'-o-lus) [L. ; pi. , Ah/eoli\. The bony
socket of a tooth. A. of Glands, the ultimate sacs
of a racemose gland. A. of the Lungs, are the air
cells. A. of the Stomach, or the alevolar structures ,
are depressions, like honeycomb cells, found in the
stomach, intestines and esophagus.

Alvergnat's Pump. An instrument used in estimating
the gaseous constituents of the blood.

Alveus (al'-ve-us) [alveus, a trough]. A trough,
tube, or canal ; applied to ducts and vessels of the
body. A. communis, the utricle of the ear. A.
hippocampi, a certain structure in the cerebral hem-
isphere investing the convexity of the hippocampus
major.

Alviduca (al-ve-du'-ka) [alvus, the belly ; ducere to
lead]. Laxative or cathartic medicines.

Alvifiuxus (al-re-Jfuks'-us) [alvus, the belly ; fluxus,
a. flow]. A free alvine discharge ; a diarrhea. A.
Torminosus. A synonym of Dysentery.

Alvine {al'-irin or -vin) [alvinus ; alvus , belly]. Per-
taining to the belly. A. Concretion, an intestinal
calculus. A. Dejections, the feces. A. Discharges,
the feces. A. Obstruction. Synonym of Constipat

Alvus (al'-vus) [L. ]. The belly, or its contained
viscera.

Alymphia (ah-limf'-e-ah) [a priv. ; lympka, clear
water]. A deficiency of lymph.
5

Alysm, or Alysmus [al'-izm, or al-izf-mus) [aA.vcsy.6q,
a wandering]. Disquietude; restlessness; mental
disquiet; sadness; anxiety.

Amadelphous [am ad-el'-fus) [nun, together;
brother]. In zoSlogy, gregarious.

Amadou (am' <i doo) [Fr., amadouer, to coax]. Ger
man tinder or touchwood ; Boletus igniariu ,a fun
found "ii old tree-trunks, used to stanch local hi
orrh i dressing of wounds, etc.

Amalgam [am-al'-gam) [uu'/nyua, a soft mass]. A
combination of mercury with any other metal. See
Copper Amalgam. A. Carrier and Plugger, an
instrument designed for carrying and introducing amal-
gam into the cavity of a tooth. A. Manipulator, an
instrument used by dentists for preparing amalgam
fillings.

Amalgamation {am-al-gam-a'-shun) [uu'/ayim, a -oft
mass]. In metallurgy, the process of combining
icury with some oilier metal, as practiced in sepa-
rating silver and gold from some other ores.

Amalic Acid {am-al'-ik). See Acid.

Amandin [am-an'-din) [Fr., amande, almond]. A
proteid contained in sweet almonds.

Amandine \ am-an'-din) [Fr., amande, almond]. A
kind of cold cream or almond pa>te.

Amanitin (am-an'-it-in) [uimiirai, a kind of fungus].
I. A principle identical with cholin, obtained from
the fly agaric. 2. A poisonous glucosid obtainable from
various species of agaric.

Amara (am-a'-rd) [amarus, bitter]. Bitters.

Amaranthus spinosa (am-ar-an' -thus spi-no' -sah)
[L.]. The fresh root of the shrub is used in India a- a
specific in gonorrhea. An emollient and diuretic.
Dose indefinite. Unof.

Amarin (am-a'-rin) [amarus, bitter], C21 II,. \\. Tri-
phenyl dihydroglyoxalin, results from boiling hydro-
benzamid with caustic potash. It crystallizes from
alcohol and ether in prisms, melting at II30. It
exerts a poisonous effect on animals.

Amarone (am-ar-on') [amarus, bitter], C16HnN. A
crystalline substance produced by the dry distillation
of hydrobenzamid and other substances.

Amarthritis (am-ar-thri'-tis) [hua, together ; d/>#/>
joint; trie;, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting many.
or several joints at once.

Amasesis (ah-mas-e'-sis) [a priv. ; (laoijoiq, chewing].
Inability to chew the food.

Amassette (am-as-et') [Fr.]. A kind of spatula, often
of horn, used in color-grinding and in pharmacy.

Amasthenic (am-as-then'-ik) [atia, together; oOevoc,
strength]. Uniting the chemical ray of light in a
focus, as a lens.

Amastia (ah-mas'-te-ah) [a priv. ; fiaardg, breast].
The condition of being without raamms or nipples.

Amativeness (am* -at-iv-nes) [atnare, to love]. The
sexual passion.

Amatory (am'-at-o-re) [amator, a lover]. Pertaining
to love. A. Fever, love -. sickness ; chlorosis. A.
Muscles, the oblique muscles of the eye, used in
ogling.

Amaurosis (am-aw-ro' -sis) [auavpoeiv, to darken]. A
term that, from its vagueness, is happily becoming
disused, signifying partial or total loss of vision.
When partial, the word amblyopia is now used;
when complete, blindness. The word is still some-
times used to express blindness when the cause is
unknown or doubtful. A. Albuminuric, that due to
renal disease. A. Cerebral, that due to atrophy of
the optic nerve. A. Congenital, that form existing
from birth. A. Diabetic, that associated with dia-
betes. A. Hysterical, that associated with hvsteria,
usually in the female. A. Reflex, that resulting from

AM. UK* (TIC

66

AMEB< MI)

a reflex action upon the optic nerve following some

remote source of irritation. A. Saburral, sudden

iporary blindness occurring in an attack of acute

itritis. A. Uremic, that due to an acute attack, or

an exacerbation ^i a chronic form of nephritis.

Amaurotic . to darken]. Re-

lating to, or affected with amaurosis. A. Cats-eye, a
light-reflex through the pupil in suppurative choroiditis.

Amaxophobia [am-aks-o-fo* -be-ah) [inmin, a i

|, Morbid dread of being in, or riding
upon, a car or wagon.

Amazia [ah-ma [a priv.; ua£6q, the breast],

nee of the mammary gland. See
. Imastia.

Amber ). See Succinum.

Ambergris i <. [amber; Fr. gris, gray], A

substance excreted by the sperm whale, J'/n
via It is not known whether it is a

pathological product or not. It exhales a fragrant,
mus i when warmed, and is used in adynamic

fevers, chronic catarrh, and nervous diseases. 1 1
gr. j-iij- Unof. See Ambrein.

Ambidexter [am-be-deks* '-ter) [ambo, both; dexter, the
right hand]. An ambidextrous person.

Ambidextrous [am-be-deksf-trus) [ambo, both ; dexter,
the right hand]. Able to use both hands equally
well.

Ambigenous [am-bif-en us) \ambi, both ; genus, born"].
In biology, having a perianth with parts resembling
sepals and petals.

Ambiparous [am-bip '-ar-us) \ambi, on both sides;

. to produce]. In biology, producing both

kinds ; as a bud that produces both leaves and (lower.

Ambloma [am-blo* -man) [auj/uum, an abortion: />/.,
Amblomatd], An amblosis or abortion: an aborted

'US.

Amblosis (am-blo'-sis) [au.Y/ijrstc, an abortion]. An
abortion.

Amblothridium [am-blo-thrid/-e-um) [hfi^KudpiStov, an
aborted fetus: pi., Amblothridid~\. I. An aborted
fetus. 2. An abortifacient drug or agent.

Amblotic {am-blof '-ik) [an IMrnnog. See Amblosis\
Abortifacient.

Amblyaphia I atn-ble-a' '-fe-ah) [uu;T/ic, dull;
touch]. Dulness of the sense of touch.

Amblyocarpous [am-ble-o-kar1 '-pus) [huS'Avr, blunt,
dulled; Ka/j-or, fruit]. In botany, possessing abortive
ds.

Amblyopia {am-ble-o'-pe-ah)[ini i'/ re, dulled ; <"nb, eye].

Subnormal acuteness of vision, due neither to dioptric

abnormalism nor to visible organic lesion. It may be

'tal ; from the use of tobacco [A. nicotinics), or

alcohol, or other toxic influences; from traumatism ; or

it maybe hysterica/. Nyctalopia or day-blindness, and

hemeralopia or night-blindness, are other forms ; it

may arise from entoptic phenomena, such as muscce

bsia, megalopsia, metamorpkopsia, etc.

It may take the form of contracted fields of vision, of

'or-blindness, or anest' the retina. A. ex-

anopsia, amblyopia from disuse, or from non-use :

argamblyopi.i i- ible term. A. post-marital,

A. due to sexual excess, called Burns'1 s Amaurosis.

Amblyopiatrics [am-ble-o-pe-at'-riks^amblyopia ; larpt
jjing to medicine]. The therapeutics of
amblyopia.

Ambolic [am bol'-ik) [afi/Sohfy, a putting off]. CaiisiiiL;
irtion ; abortifacient.

Ambon [am,-bon) [au \un>, the lip of a cup]. The fibro
cartilaginous ring that surrounds a socket in which the
head of a large bone is received, such as the acetabu
him, or the glenoid cavity.

Ambos (am' bos) [Ger.]. The incus, or anvil bone.

Ambosexous [am-bo-seks' -us)\ambo, both ; sexui , sex],

II'! maphroditic.
Amboyna Button [am-boi'-nah but'-un). See Fram-

besia.
Ambra Grisea [am'-brah gris,-e-ah). Synonym of

Ambergris,
Ambrein [am'-bre-in) [Fr. , Ambrc\ A substance much

resembling cholesterin ; it is obtained from ambergris

by digestion in hot alcohol.
Ambrette [am-bretf) [Fr]. The seed of Abelmoschus

tnoschatus, <j. v. ; musk seed. Used in perfumery,

and formerly prescribed as a substitute for musk.
1 aof.

Ambrosia [am-bro'-zhe-ah) [aufipooia, the food of the
gods]. A genus of coarse composite flowered herbs.
A. artemisiafolia , common hog-weed of North
America; is stimulant, tonic, antiperiodic, and astrin-
gent. .-/. trifida, of the United Mates, has similar
properties. The pollen of these plants is by some
regarded as a cause of ha\ fever. Unof.

Ambulacral [am-bu-la1 -kral) [ambulacrum, a walk,
alley]. In biology, related to an ambulacrum.

Ambulacrum [am-bu-laf -krum) [ambulacrum , a walk,
alley : pi. , Ambulacra"]. In biology, one of the radi-
ating series of perforations in the shell of an echino-
derm.

Ambulance (am'-bu-lans) [ambulare, to walk about].
In Europe the term is applied to the surgical staff and
arrangements of an army in service. In the United
States the word is restricted to a vehicle for the trans-
ference of the sick or wounded from one place to an-
other.

Ambulatory [am' '-bu-lat-o-re) [ambulare, to walk
about]. Relating to walking. A. Blister, a blister
that changes its location. A. Clinic, a clinic for
patients that can walk. A. Erysipelas, erysipelas that
shifts from plai i toplace. A. Tumor, a pseudo-tumor.
A. Typhoid, walking typhoid ; enteric fever in which
the patient does not, or will not take to his bed.

Ambulo [am'-bu-lo) [ambulare, to walk about]. A
pseudo-tumor of the abdomen ; a painful and shifting
abdominal distention due to flatulence.

Ambury [am'-ber-e). See Anbury.

Ambustion [am-bus' -chun) [ambustio, a burn]. A burn
or scald.

Ameba or Amceba iam-e'-bali) [apot Mj, a change]. A
colorless, single -eel led. jelly-like protoplasmic organism
found in sea and fresh waters, constantly undergoing
changes of form, and nourishing itself by surrounding
objects. The white corpuscles of the blood perform
ameboid movements, i.e., changes of form, consisting
of protrusions and withdrawals of substance. A.
bur calis and A. dentalis (perhaps identical species)
have been found upon human teeth. ./. col/, ameba
of dysentery. A. uro-genitalis, has been observed
in mine and in vaginal secretions.

Ameban [am-e'-ban) [hftoififj, a change]. I. Of the
nati pertaining to an ameba. 2. Any organism

that maybe classed as an ami

Amebic [am-e'-bik) [1 , a change]. Pertaining to

or characterized by amebae.

Amebicidal (am-e-bis-i'-dal). See Amebicide.

Amebicide (am-e/-bis-id) [a/wi/Mf, a change; cc . to
kill]. I. Destructive of amelxe. 2. A remedy that
destroys amebae.

Amebodont [am nt) [a/Miffi, change ; bdovr,a

to, ith]. In bioli »gy, ] ' rtaining to molar teeth in which
ridges or crests are alternate; the opposite of
antiodont.

Ameboid [am-e'-boid) [afioi '>,. a change]. Resembling
an ameba in form or in changes : used of white blood
cells, ■

a mi; i.

67

AMID! ) A< I!)

Amel (am' -el) [Anglo- French, amal, enamel]. An
old name for Enamel.

Amelectic {am-el-ek'-tik). Affected with ameleia ;
apathetic.

Ameleia [am-el-i' -ah) [afWketa, indifference]. Morbid
apathy ; indifference.

Amelia [ah-me'-le-ah) [a priv. ; fieXog, a limb]. Al.
sence of the limbs from arrested development, or
atroph) .

Amelification (am-el-if-ik-a/ -shun) [M. E., atnell ;
facere, to make]. The formation of the enamel of
the teeth by means of the enamel cells — ameloblastS.

Amelioration [am-il-yo-rar -shun) [ad, to; melior,
bitter]. Improvement or amendment, as in symp-
toms.

Ameliorative {am-iV -yo-ra-tiv) [ad, to; melior, better].
I ending to produce an amendment of symptoms.

Ameloblast (am-el/-o-blast) [Anglo drench, amal,
enamel; fl/MOTor, a germ]. In biology, an enamel-
cell, one of the cylinder cells covering the papilla
of the enamel organ, and forming a beautifully regular
epithelial layer that produces the enamel, the Mem-
brana adamantina of Raschkow.

Amelus [am'-el-us) [a priv.; u.r/oe, a limb]. A mon-
strosity without limbs.

Amendment [am-endf '-ment) [M. E., amendement].
Improvement or recovery of health, more or less
complete.

Amenia (iih-me'-tie-ah). See Amenorrhea.

Amenomania {am-en-o-ma4 '-ne-ah) [amcenus, agree-
able; jiavia, madness]. A mild form of mania in
which the symptoms are manifested under the form of
gayety, fondness of dress, exaggeration of social con-
dition, etc. ; a cheerful, or joyous delirium ; a morbid
elevation of the spirits.

Amenorrhea [ah-men-o-re* '-ah) [a priv. ; (iqv, month;
pieiv, to flow]. Absence, irregularity, or suppression
of menstruation when it should normally be present.
The secretion ma.y be retained, the result of congenital
or acquired atresia of some part of the lower genital
tract ; or it may not take place in consequence of an
imperfect development of the ovaries or uterus ; or it
may be suppressed because of some form of constitu-
tional disease, especially anemia. Primitive, is a
term applied to those cases in which the catamenia
have not appeared at the proper time, and Secondary,
to those in which the discharge has been arrested after
it has existed during the reproductive period of life.

Amenorrheal (ah-men-o-re'-al) [a priv. ; iii/v, month;
peeiv, to flow]. Pertaining to amenorrhea.

Ament [a'-meni) [ab, from; mens, mentis, the mind].
A person affected with amentia; an idiot.

Ament or Amentum [am'-ent, am-ent'-um) [amentum,
a strap or thong]. In biology, a scaly spike or catkin.

Amentaceous {am-en-ta' -she-us) [amentum, a strap or
thong]. In biology, related in some way to an ament.

Amentia [ah-men' -she-aK) [ii priv. ; mens, mind]. De-
fective intellect; a vague term synonymous with
idiocy or imbecility.

Amentum [am-entf-um). See Anient.

Amenty [ah-m en'-te) [a priv. ; mens, mind]. Amentia.

American (am-er'-ik-an) [America]. Peculiar, or be-
longing, to America. A. Aloe. See Agave amer-
icana. A. Catarrh, a synonym for chronic post-
nasal catarrh. A. Centaury, the herb Sabbatia
angular is, employed as a substitute for gentian. A.
Columbo, the root of Frasera carolinensis. Tonic,
aperient ; in large doses, purgative. Dose of the lid.
ext. TT^xx-^j. Proserin, a concentrated extract. I
gr. j-iij. Unof. A. Hellebore. See Veratrum
viride. A. Ipecac. See Gillenia. A. Ivy, the
twigs and bark of Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Alterative,

tonic, astringent, and expectorant. !>'>-' of the tld.
ext. rrLxxx-^j. Ampelopsin, the concentrated ext.
Dose gr. ij— iv. Unof. A. Saffron. 'hamus.

A. Senna. See Senna. A. Spikenard, the rhiz
of Aralia racemosa. Aromatic, diuretic- ami all
tive. Used in rheumatism, dropsy, and
affections. Dose of the decoction indefinite. I not'.
A. Swiss Food, a variety of infant milk food with
the following composition: Water s.o\ ;
grape-sugar ami milk-sugar 5.7X, cane-sugar 36.43,
starch 30.85, soluble carbohydrates 45.35, albumin
10.54, ash 1. 21. A. Valerian. See Cypripedium.
A. Wormseed. Si iodium.

Amertume [am-ar-tum') [Fr.]. A disease of v.
characterized by bitterness, and caused by a specific
bacillus.

Ametabolic (ah-met-ab-ol'-ik) [a priv. ; fit -

changeable]. Not due to, or causing, or undergoing,
metabolism.

Ametria [ah-metf -re-ah\ [a priv. ; pi/rpa, womb].
Absence of the uterus.

Ametrometer \ah-met-romf -et-er) [a priv. ; fierpo
measure; 6i/"?> sight]. An instrument for measuring
ametropia.

Ametropia (ah-met-ro' '-pe-ali) [a priv. ; (ilrpov, a
measure; dij/ig, sight]. Ametropia exist, when an
imperfect image is formed upon the retina, due to
defective refractive power of the media, or to abnor-
malities of form of the eye. In myopia the antero-
posterior diameter is too great, or the power of the
refractive media is too great ; hypermetropic 1 or // :
opia) is the exact reverse of the last ; astigmatism is
due to imperfect curvature of the cornea, or of the
retina, or to inequality of refracting power in dilferent
parts of the lens ; presbyopia is due to inelasticity of the
lens, producing insufficient accommodation ; aphakia,
or absence of the lens, produces both insufficient re-
fracting power and loss of accommodation.

Ametropic (ah-met-rop'-ik) [" priv. ; ni-pov, a measure ;
otpig, sight]. Affected with or pertaining to ame-
tropia.

Amianthium [am-e-anf-the-uni\ [a^iavroc , unspotted ;
avdoc, flower]. A genus of liliaceous or melantha-
ceous plants. A. muscce toxicum (" fly poison "), a
handsome flowering plant of the United States ; has
properties not unlike those of veratrum. Unof.

Amiantus {am-c-an'-tus), or Amianthus {am-e-an'-
t hits). See Asbestos.

Amic (am'-ik) [ammonid\. Pertaining to an amin. or
having the nature of an amin.

Amici Prism (am-e'-che prizm). See Prism.

Amicrobic (ah-mi-krof-bik) [a priv. ; microbion,
microbe]. Not due to, or associated with, microbes.

Amid (am'-id) [ammonia']. A chemical compound
produced by the substitution of an acid radical for one
or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia. The
amids are primary, secondary, or tertiary, according
as one, two, or three hydrogen atoms have been
so replaced. They are white crystalline iften

capable of combining with both acids and bases. A.
Bases. See Amins, Primary.

Amidin (aw'-id-in) [Fr. , amidon, starch]. Starch
altered bv heat into a horny, transparent mass ; soluble
starch ; that part of starch which is soluble in water.

Amidins [am'-id-inz) [ammonia]. Mono-acid b
produced from the nitrites by heating with ammonium
chlorid. In the free condition they are quite unstable.
They contain the group C.NH.NH2.

Amido-acetic Acid yam' -id-o-as-c' -tik as'-id). See
Give c< «H and Glycin.

Amido-acid (am' '-id-o-as' '-id) [ammonia: aeetum,
vinegar]. An acid containing the amido-group, Nil.,.

AM 1 1 ii «,! \

(i-

AM\lt -Nil M

Amidogen (am [amid; yewav, to produce!.

The hypothetical radical. Ml,, regarded .1- an essen-
tial part of all amids. See Amid.

Amido-glycerol See Serin.

Amido-kephalin </•.'. [amid ; KeQaTJ/,

head]. < >ne of the modifications of kephalin
found in iIk- brain tissue. The name is sometimes ex-
tended to oilier similar principles, the amidokephalins.

Amido-lipotide Any one ol a

r) peculiar group of nitrogenous fats .-aid to exist in
the brain.

Amidomyelin [am' '-id-o-mi* 'el-in) [ti//tt\/ : uvekSq,
marrow], CM1 1., . N., l'< >,,,. A dipolar alkaloid <>r basic
principle, derivable from brain tissue. It gives name
to a group of similar bodies, the amidomyelins.

Amidoplast [am' '-id-o-pla '< [afitAov, starch; irX&oc
to form]. In biology, a name proposed bj Errera for
leukoplastids. Proteid granules whose functions it is
to form starch grains.

Amido succinamic Acid [am' -id-o-suh-sin-am' -ik
- me .i- . tsparagin.

Amidoxim, or Amidoxime [am-id-ok? '-im). See
( ' vamidin.

Amidulin [am-id'-u-linS [lr. , amido n, starch]. Sol-
uble starch ; prepared by the action of 1I.,S04 on starch,
thus removing the - llulose.

Amimia [ah-mim* -e-afi) \Ji priv. ; filfiog, a mimic]. An

aphasic symptom consisting in loss of the power of

imitation or of pantomime speech. A. Musical, patho-

■t tin- power of playing musical instruments.

Amin [am'-iti) [ammonia]. The Annus are chemi-
cal compound- produced by the substitution of a basic
atom or radical for one or more of the hydrogen atoms
of ammonia; or basic derivative-, of carbon, contain
ing nitrogen and viewed as ammonia derivatives. In
deportment they bear some similarity to ammonia,
lower members are gases with ammoniacal odor
an 1 are readily soluble in water; they differ from am-
monia in their combustibility. The highest members
are liquids soluble in water, only the highest are spar-
ingly -oluble. They are called Aionamins, Diamins,
7'riamins, etc., according to the number of amidogen
molecules, NH2, substituted for H. A. Colors. Same
as Anilin Colors, q. :■. A. Primary, an amin in
which one hydrogen atom i- replaced by a monovalent
alkyl. A. Secondary, an amin in which two hydrogen
atoms are replaced by monovalent alkyls. A. Ter-
tiary, an amin in which three hydrogen atoms are
replaced by monovalent alkyls. •

Aminol [am'-in-ol) [amin]. A gaseous substance
derived from the methylamin of herring-brine mixed
with milk of lime. This gas is cheap and powerfully
disinfectant, and it ha-, been used in the purification of
- wage.

Amins Process. See 51 . Disposal of .

Amitosis [ak-mit-of-sis) [a priv. ; mitosis, indirect cell-
division, karyokinesis ; uirog, a thread; osis]. Cell
multiplication by direct division, or simple cleavage,
the nucleus usually assuming an hour-glass shape and
dividing before the protoplasm. The opposite of
mill

Amitotic [ah-mit-ot' -ik) [a priv. ; \droq, thread]. Of
the nature of, or characterized by, amitosis. A. Cell
Division, direct-nuclear subdivi distinguished

from karyokinesis.

Amixia [ak-miks'-e-ak) [</ priv. ; iil^ig, mixing]. In
biology, the formation of a new species without the
mingling of two individuals or their germs; asexual
reproduction, parthenogenesis.

Amma [am'-ah] [afifia, a tie: pi.. Ammata~\. A truss
1 'i girdle for hernia.

Ammelid [am' -el- id) [Ammonia; melamid~\,( H4N.

1 >,,. A sul»tance produced by boiling melamin with

alkalies or acids; it is a white powder that forms salts
with both acids and basi

Ammelin (am'-el-in) [Ammonia; melam], (II \>>
A white powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alkalies
and min. 1.1I ai ids. Produced by boiling melamin with
alkalies and acid-.

Ammeter [am'-et-er) [ampere; fiirpov, a measure]. A
form of galvanometer in which the value of the cur-
rent is measured directly in amperes.

Ammi [am/-i) [afi/u, an African plant]. A genus of
umbelliferous herbs bearing aromatic seeds or fruits.
The seeds of several species are locally used in medi-
cine. I not. ./. copticum. See Ajowan.

Ammism [am'-izm) [nuuoc, sand]. Ammotheraphy ;
psammism.

Ammonemia, (am-o-ne'-me-aa). See Ammoniemia.

Ammonia [am-o' -ne-ah) [L.]. A volatile alkali, Ml
See Ammonium. A. Carmin. See Stains, Table of.

Ammoniac [am-o'-ne-ak). See Ammoniacum.

Ammoniacal [am-o-ni' -ak-al) [ammonia']. Containing
or relating to ammonia.

Ammoniacum [am-o-ni' -ak-um) [afi/iuviaxdg, belong-
ing to ammonia ; gen. , AmmoniaciX. Ammoniac. A
gum obtained from a Persian plant, Dorema A»im<>-
niacum. A stimulating expectorant and laxative,
milling asafetida. Employed in chronic bronchial
affections. Dose gr. x-xxx. A. cum Hydrargyro
Emplastrum, ammoniac 72, mercury 18 per cent..
oleate of mercury .<S, dilute acetic acid too, lead
plaster, with sulphur, and oil, q. s. A. Emplastrum,
100 parts of ammoniac, digested with 140 parts of
acetic acid, diluted, -trained, and evaporated. A.
Emulsum, a tour per cent, emulsion in water, the
resin being suspended by the contained gum. Dose

Ammoniameter [am 0 ne am' -et-er)[ammonia : "■■ rum ,
a measure]. An instrument for testing the strength
of solutions of ammonia. •

Ammoniemia, or Ammoniaemia [am-o-ne-e' -me-ah)
[ammonia; aifia, blood]. The theoretical decomposi-
tion of urea in the blood, yielding ammonium car-
bonate.

Ammoniorrhea [am-o-ne-or'-e' '-afi) [ammonia; Jteiv, to
flowl. The passage of ammoniacal urine.

Ammonium [am-of -ne-um) [from the name of Jupiter
Amnion, because first discovered near his temple in
Libya; gen., Ammonii]. A hypothetical alkaline
base, having the composition Nil,. Exists only in
combination. It occurs most. commonly in the lonn of
ammonia gas, Nil., which, dissolved in water, is the
water of ammonia of commerce. Inhalation ot the
causes suffocation and edema of glottis. The salts
first stimulate and then paralyze the motor nerves. It
is useful as a stimulant, as an antagonist in cardiac de-
pression, and locally in bites and stings oi venomous
reptiles and insects. Ammonia Aqua, water of am-
monia, a solution containing ten per cent, oi the gas
in water. Dose rrpv- g ss, well diluted. A. Aqua
Fortior, contains 2N pel cent, of the gas in solution.
A. Aromatic Spt., spirit of ammonia, with am. carb.,
am. aq., ol. lemon, lavender and pimenta, alcohol and
water. Dose "ss-ij. Ammonii acetas liq.,
Spirit of Mindererus, dilute acetic acid neutralized
with ammonia. Dose 55 j — S J- ^- benzoas,
Nl l,<'-I I ,« '. Dose gr. v-xv. A. Bicarbonas.
Do ■ A. bromid. NH4Br. Dose gr. x-^ss.

A. carbonas, XII, I !< '< >.. N I l,M I ,< '< > ., a mixture of
carl i' 01.1t 1 and di carbonate: Dose gr. v— x. A.
chlorid, NH4C1, sal ammoniac. Dose gr. j-xx. A.
chloridi trochisci, each lozenge contains gr. ij of the
-alt A. fluorid, used in hypertrophy of the spli

AMMo.VS FISSURE.

69

AMPHIARTHRi ISIS

Dose gr. Jf-\- A. glycyrrhizas. Unof. An ex-
pectorant. A. iodidum, MI,I. Dose gr. ij-x. A.
liniment, am. aq. 35, alcohol 5, cottonseed oil
A. Molybdenate Test. See Tests, Table of. The
following salts and tlieir preparations arc official i A.
nitras, NH4NOs, used only in preparing nitrous oxid.
A. phosphas, 1 . N 1 1, 1 ,1 1 Pi >,. Dose gr. v-xx. A.
picras, ( ,;l l.,( N I l,)i Nl >,).,< », a sail in yellow needles,
of bitter taste; like other picrates it is explosive, and
must be handled with care. It is antipyretic and anti-
periodic, and tends to correct gastric disturbam
I lose gr. v in 24 hours ; best given in wafers, each
containing half a grain. A. Spt., a ten per cent,
solution of aqua ammonise in alcohol. Dose HLx-zj,
diluted. A. sulphas, (NH4)aS04, used only in "the
preparation of other ammonium salts. A. valeria-
nas, NH4C5H9Oj. Dose gr. j— v. RaspaiVs Eau
Sedatif (unof.), aqua ammonise 3ij, sodium chlorid
3 ij, spt. vini camph. ^iij, aq. §xxxij. For local
use.

Amnion's Fissure. See Fissure. A.'s Horn. See
Ihppocamp. A.'s Operation. See Operations, Table
of. A.'s Posterior Scleral Protuberance, a variety
of posterior ectasia of the sclera of the eye.

Ammophilous (atn-off'-il-us) [aiiuor, sand; <
loving]. In biology, inhabiting sandy [daces.

Ammotherapy (am-o-ther'-a-pe) [a/i/ioc, sand; depa-
- veiv, to heal]. The use of sand-baths in the treat-
ment of disease.

Amnemonic {am-ne-mon' -ik) [a priv. ; fivr/fiovticSs,
relating to the memory]. Accompanied by or result-
ing in impairment of the memory.

Amnemosyne {am-ne-mos' '-en-e) [a priv.; (ivefioavvq,
memory] . Forgetfulness.

Amnesia (am-ne' -se-ah) [afivTjma, forgetfulness]. De-
fect of memory. Loss of the memory for words. A.
Acustica, word-deafness. A. Periodic. See Double
Consciousness.

Amnesic [am-ne'-sik). Relating to amnesia.

Amnestia [am-nesr -te-ah) [afivr/crria, forgetfulness].
Amnesia.

Amnestic (am-nes'-tik) [a/ivqoria, forgetfulness]. 1.
Amnesic. 2. Causing amnestia.

Amnia \am'-ne-ah) [afiviov, a young lamb]. Plural
of . Imnion, q. v.

Amniac (a in' -ne-ak) [d/iviov, a young lamb]. Am-
nionic.

Amnio-chorial (am-ne-o-ko'-re-al) [afiviov ; x^Pl0v, a
membrane]. Pertaining to both amnion and chorion.

Amnioclepsis [am-ne-o-klep'-sis) [afiviov, amnion;
K/rrn-ir. to steal away]. The slow and unnoticed es-
cape of the liquor amnii.

Amnion {am' -ne-ori) [afiviov, a young lamb]. The in-
nermost of the fetal membranes ; it is continuous
with the fetal epidermis at the umbilicus, forming a
complete sheath for the umbilical cord and a sac or
bag in which the fetus is enclosed. It contains one or
two pints of liquor amnii. It is a double non-vascular
membrane, the inner layer or sac derived from the
epiblast, the outer from the mesoblast. The cavity of
the inner folds is called the true amnion, that of the
outer, the false. A., Dropsy of, excessive secretion
of liquor amnii.

Amnionic (am-ne- on' -ik) [afiviov, a young lamb]. Re-
lating to the amnion.

Amniorrhea, (am-ne-o-re' '-an) [auvioc, amniotic liquor;
peeiv, to How]. The discharge of the liquor amnii.

Amniota (ain-ne-o' '-tali) [afiviov, a young lamb]. Ani-
mals with an amnion and allantoic, comprising mam-
mals, birds, and reptiles. Those without an amnion
are called . tnamnia.

Amniotic (am-ne-ot'-ik) [auvov, a young lamb]. Re-

lating to the amnion, as the A. Fluid. A. Fluid.
Same as Liquor amnii.
Amniotis (am-ne-o* '-lis) [afiviov, a young lamb]

Amniotitis.
Amniotitis [am-ne-o-ti' '-tis) [afiviov, a young la
trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the amnion.
Amniotome (am' '-ne-o-tom) [afiviov, a young lamb;
rim//, a cut]. An instrument for puncturing the fetal
membranes
Amnitis (am ni'-tis). Same as Amniotitis.
Amoeba [am e/-bah). See Ameba.
Amoeboid (am-e'-boid). See Ameboid.
Amcebodont atn-e' '-bo-donf). See Amebodont.
Amoenomania (am-e-no-ma'-ne-ah). See Amenomania.
Amomum (am-o' -muni) [a/iu/iov, an Eastern spice
plant]. A genus of scitaminaceous plants to which
the cardamom [A. cardamomum) and Grain- cl
Paradise [A. ffranum paradisi) belong.

Amorphia (ah-mor1 '-fe-ah) [a priv.; //■• ,, form].

Shapeless condition.
Amorphinism (ah-mor/-fin-izm) [a priv.; Morpheus,
the god of sleep]. The condition resulting from the
withdrawal of morphine from one habituated to the
drug.
Amorphism (ah-mor* -fizm) [a priv.; uopfff, a form].
The state or quality of being amorphous or without
shape ; specifically, absence of crystallization ; want
of crystalline structure.
Amorphous (ah-mor' '-fits) [u priv. ; fioptpi), a form].
Formless, shapeless, non-crystallized. A. Quinin.
quinoidin, its salts being non-crystallizable.
Amorphus [ah-mor' -fits) [a priv. ; a form].

An acardiacus without head or extremities. See also
Anideus. A. Globulus. See Anideu
Amotio (am-o' -she-o) [L.]. A detachment. A. Re-
tinae. See Ablatio Retime.
Ampac (ain'-pak) [R. Indian]. An Past Indian
rutaceous tree of the genus Xanthoxylum or Ampacus.
Its leaves are used in medicating baths, and its
odoriferous resin is a stimulant. Unof.
Ampelopsin (am-pel-of/sin). See American Ivy.
Ampelopsis (am-pel-op'-sis). See American fry.
Ampelotherapy (am-pel-o-ther'-a-pe) [ . a grape-

vine ; Oepairiveiv, to heal]. The Grape-cure, ij. v.
Amperage (om'-pdr-ahj) [Fr.]. The number of am-
peres passing in a given circuit.
Ampere (om-par/) [a French physicist]. S trical

Units. A.'s Laws relate to the forces between con-
ductors carrying electric currents >'s law,
that equal volumes of a gas when under the same
conditions contain the same number of molecules, i-
also called Ampere"s Law. In honor of Ampere, the
unit of measurement of an electric current is called an
Ampere.
Amperemeter (am'-par-ine-ter) [Ampere; yirpov, to
measure]. An instrument for estimating the current
of an electric circuit in amperes.
Ampere's Law. See La
Amphanthium (amf-an' '-the-um) [afitpi, about ; d

a flower]. See Clinanthium.
Amphemerina (am-fe-mer' '-in-ah) [auoijutpnnc, daily].

A hectic or intermittent fever that recur- daily.
Amphi- (am'-fe) [afupi, around], A prefix signifying
■it. on both sides, around, etc., as amphiarthn
amphibia.
Amphiarthrosis \um-f. -ar-thro' -sis) [<i//o , around;
';>ov, a joint]. A form of mixed articulation in
which the surfaces of the bones are connected by
broad discs of fibro-cartilage. or else they are covered
with fibro-cartilage and connected by external liga-
ments. It is distinguished by limited flexion in every
direction, as, e.g., between the vertebrae.

AMI'lll \n | ||<

70

AMI'lloKA

Amphiaster in an
Ovarian Egg.

Amphiaster as-ter [

around ; "r~', ... a star]. In
biology, tlit- figure formed in
1 oth direct and indirect cell divi-
n. by the achromatin threads
and chromatin granules united to
iu the so called nuclear spin-
dle, together with the thn

in radiating From
a rounded clear space at each
end of the spindle known as
the -tars or suns.

Amphibia unn-fib'-e-ali) \Jmo . both; Ytoc, lit. ] \
class of the Vertebrate, living during their life both
in the water and upon the land, as the frog, newt, etc.

Amphibious (am-fib'-t us) ["/'O', both; ,)»«;, life].
I iving both mi land and wa'>

Amphiblastic {am-fe-blas/-tik\ [iiuoi , on 1 >< >tli sides;

. a germ]. In biology, pertaining to that

form of complete segmentation that gives rise to an

amphiblastula.

Amphiblastula [am-
fe-blas* -tu-laK) \ap-
. .'ii both sides;
dim. of fJAaortJi . a
germ]. In biolo-
gy, the mulberry -
mass or moru la-
stage in the de-
velopment of aholo-
blastic egg. It fol-
lows the stage
known as amphi-
morula.

Amphiblestritis(^w-

I'les-tri'-lis) \jiu-

\kqoTpav, a net ;

i-ir, inflammation].

Inflammation of the

ntina.

Amphiblestroid (am-fe-bles'-troid) [au<p'ifi7.r]nTf>ov, a
net; el&oq, form]. Net-like. A. Membrane, the
retina.

Amphibolia (am-fe-bo'-le-aJi) [afityifiokia, uncertainty].
The vacillating period of a fever or disease.

Amphibolic (^w-A/W-/ 'oXog, uncertain]. Un-

certain ; doubtful. A qualification applied by Wunder-
lich toaperiod in the febrile process occurring between
the fastigium and th<- defervescence, and marked by
irregular exacerbations and remissions.

Amphibranchia (am-fe-brattg/-&e-aA) [a/upi, around;
a, the gills]. The tonsils, pharynx, and naso-
pharynx.

Amphicarpic (am-fe-kar'-pilS). Same as Atnphicar-
pou ■

Amphicarpous [am-fe kar'-pu > \nu<;i . on both sides,
around; KapirSc, fruit]. In biology, producing fruit of
two kinds, either as regards form or season of ripening.

Amphicelous {am-fe-se'-lus) [a/ujti, at both ends ; mikoc,
hollow]. In biology, biconcave, as the center of the
vertebr e of fish

Amphicrania [am-fe-kraf -ne-ah) [a/ufti, both; Kpavlov,
the skull], I leadache affecting both sides of the head.

Amphicreatin {am-fe- kref-at-in) [«,«<". around ; />

i |, ' ii:i\Mr One "i the muscle-leucomafnes.
It crystallizes in brilliant oblique prisms of a yellowish
white color. It i- - and faintly basic. It

Amphicreatinin {am-fe kre-atf -in-in) (7/ wo/, around ;
esh], Cj,H10N7O4. A member of the creatinin
group of ler.comaines -aid to have toxic qualities. It
is derived from muscle.

Amphiblastula.

a, Granular cells which will form the
epiblast. b. Ciliated cells which
become invaginated to form the
hypoblast. {After Balfour.)

Amphid {amf-fid) [afiQi. both]. In chemistry, a name
given to a salt of an ai id containing oxygen ; that is,
a name given to salts other than haloid.

Amphideum [am-fid* t um) [aptyidka, a ring : pl.,Am-
pkided\. The margin or edge of the os uteri.

Amphidiarthrosis [am-fe-di-ar-thro' m) [a/i<pi, both;
6idp6pua/(, articulation]. The articulation of the
lower jaw, a?, it partake- of the nature both of
ginglymus and arthrodia.

Amphidisc, Amphidisk [am' -fe-disk) [auoi, at both
ends; o'ujkoc, a round plate]. In biology, a sponge-
spicule consisting of an axil terminated by two toothed
disi

Amphigenous (am fij'-m us) \hfi$ . both ; , voc, kind].
In biology, growing indifferently on both sides, as
i ertain parasitic fimi^i .

Amphigony [am-fig* '-o-ne) [apfyi, on both -ides; y6vory
offspring]. The sexual process in its broadest sen-. ;
gamogenesis.

Amphimixis {am-fi-miks* '-is) [hjityi, on both sides;
i";ir. mixing]. In biology, the mingling of two
individuals or their germs; sexual reproduction.

Amphimonerula (am-fe-mo-ner/-u-lak) [ifufii, on both
side-; uovj/pifg, single]. In biology, the monerula
or cytode-stage of an unequally segmenting, holo-
blastic egg.

Amphimorula {am-fe-mor'-u-lak) \amphi, on both
sides; morula, a mulberry]. In biology, the morula,
or globular mass of cleavage cells resulting from
unequal segmentation, the cells of the hemispheres
being unlike in size.

Amphioxus (am-fe-oks'-us) [<if«pt, both ; o^i c, sharp].
A genus of fishes tapering at both ends, as the Lancelot

Amphipyrenin (tim-f, -pi re'-nin) ["'«/»', around ; nvp/'/v,
mass]. The nuclear membrane of a cell.

Amphismela (am-fls-me* -lah) [ainpi, both; ///,//,, a
probe]. A double-edged surgical knife.

Amphisphalsis {am-fe-sfalf -sis) [apQiotydXoac, a throw-
ing or turning round]. Circumduction, as of a limb
in reducing a luxation.

Amphistoma {am-fis1 '-to-mak) [a/i(j>i, double; arbpa,
mouth]. A genus of trematode worms, named from
the mouth-like apparatus at either end. One species,
A. kominis, has been found in the large intestine of
man, in the tropical regions. See Parasites, Table of.

Amphistylic {am-fe-sti' -lik) [aiupi, on both sides;
OTv?.or, a pillar]. In biology, having styles or
supports on both sides, as the mandibular arches of
sharks.

Amphithect {amf -fe-thekt) [''/"•'". on both sides ; dyicrSi .
sharpened]. In biology, having unequal angles or
surfaces.

Amphitoky {am-fit? -o-ke) [«//<;>/, both ; t6koc, produc-
ing]. The production of both male and female forms
in parthem genesis.

Amphitropous [am-fiP '-ro-pus) [_a/i<!>i, around; Tpiireiv,
to turn], i. In biology, having the funiculus attached
to the ovule midwa) between the chalaza and micro-
pyle. 2. Having a C-shaped embryo.

Amphodiplopia {am-fo-dip-l</ -pe-ah) [titiQu, both;
dnr\6oc, double ; <■",'', eye]. Double vision affecting
each oi the i

Ampho-peptone (am-fo-pep/-tdn). See Peptones.

Amphophile (an both ; tpiXelv, to love].

Readily stainable alike with acid and basic dy.
qualification applied t.. certain histological and patho-
logical element

^mphophilous [am-fof '-il-us) [afitpa, both; 6i/ur. to
love]. Staining with either alkaline or a. id dyes

Amphora {amf-fo-rah) \j'moi, on both sidi <. a

bearer]. In biology, the lower portion of a seed
capsule, or pyxidium.

AMI'lIoRIC

71

AMIM 1 .VI [ON

Amphoric {ain-for'-ik) [amphora, a two-handled
vessel]. Like the sound produced I >y blowing a< ross
the mouth of a bottle. A. Breathing, breath sounds
with an amphoric or musical quality heard in dis
eased conditions of the lung, as in plains with
cavity-formation. A. Resonance, in auscultation, a
metallic sound like that of blowing into a bottle,
caused by the reverberation of sound in a cavity of
the lung. A. Respiration. See A. Breath

Amphoricity (am-for-is/-i-te) [amphora, a two handled
vessel]. The quality of being amphoric; th
forth of amphoric sound-.

Amphoriloquy (am for-W '-o-kwe) [amphora, a bottle;
loqui, to speak]. The production of amphoric sounds
in speaking.

Amphorophony (am-for-of -o-ne) [a .a jug;

<pui'f/, a sound]. An amphoric resonance or sound.

Amphoteric {am-fo-ter1 '-ik) [afupdrepog, both of two].
Having the power of altering the color of both red
and blue test paper, as milk. Neither acid nor alka-
line ; applied to such substances as glucose, gums, etc.

Amplectant [am-plek1 -tant) [amplecti, embrace]. In
biology, embracing; winding about, as a tendril or
petiole.

Amplexation (am-pUhs-a'-shun) [amplexatio, an em-
brace]. The treatment of a fractured clavicle by an
apparatus that fixes the shoulder and covers a part of
the chest and neck.

Amplexicaudate {am-plex-e-hatiZ-dSl) [amplexatio, an
embrace; cauda, a tail]. In biology, having the en-
tire tail included in the interfemoral membrane.

Amplexicaul (am-pleks'-e-kawl} [amplexus, embracing;
caulis, astern]. In biology, clasping or embracing the
stem, as a leaf.

Amplexifoliate (am-pleks-e-fo/-le-dt') [amplexus, em-
bracing; folium, leaf]. In biology, plants, the
leaves of which embrace the stem.

Ampliation (am- ple-a'-shun) [ampliare, to increase].
Dilatation or distention of a part or cavity.

Amplification (am-plif-ik-a' -shun) [amplificare, to en-
large]. I. Increase of the visual area, in microscopy.
2. Enlargement, as of a diseased organ.

Amplifier (urn' ' -ple-fi-er) [amplificare, to enlarge]. An
apparatus sometimes used in microscopy for increasing
the magnification. It consists of a diverging lens or
combination placed between the objective and the
ocular, anil giving to the image-forming rays from the
objective an increased divergence. A., Tolles's,
an accessory used in magnification and first made
effective by a manufacturer named Tolles.

Amplitude {am' -pie- tit J ) [amplitudo, the extent of a
thing]. The range or extent, as of vibrations and
undulations, the pulse, etc.

Ampulla (am-pul'-ah) [L. , A Roman wine jug].
The trumpet-mouthed or dilated extremity of a canal,
as of the lachrymal canal, the receptaculum chyli,
the Fallopian tubes, mammary duets, semicircular
canals, vas deferens, etc. Chemically, the term denotes
a large-bellied bottle. A. of Bryant, the apparent
distention of an artery immediately above a ligature,
due to the contraction of the vessel above the ampulla
where it is not completely filled with clot. A. Chyli,
the receptaculum chyli. A., Lieberkuhn's. the cecal
terminus of one of the lacteals in the villi of the intes-
tines. A. of Rectum, the portion above the perineal flex-
ure. A. of Vater, the site of entrance of the common
bile-duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum.

Ampullula [am-pul' -it-lah) [dim. of ampulla, a Roman
wine jug]. A small ampulla, as in the lymphatic or
lacteal vessels.

Amputation (am-pu-ta'-shuri) [amputare, to cut away].
The removal of a limb or part of the body by the

knife, ligature, or other mean-,, or as a resull of fran-
grene, eon-tin tioi . of the cord, in the fetus), or

the disease, ainhum. lor special amputati
Operation., Table of . A., Accidental, tie tion

of a limb by some form <>i aci ident. A., Bloodless,
in which there is but slight loss of blood, on ac-
count of ill'- < irculation being i ontrolled 1>\ mechani
mean,. A., Central, one in which the si ai i- situati d
at or near the center "I tin stump. A., Circular,
that performed by making a single flap, by circulat
-weep- '.i a long knife, through skin and muscles, in
a direction vertical to the plane ,.| the limb. A.. Cir-
cular Skin Flap, a modification of the circular, in
which the skin flap i- dissected up, and the- muscles
divided at a higher level. A., Coat-sleeve, a modi
fication of the circular, in which the cutaneous flap is
made- very long, the end being closed by being gath-
ered together by means of a tape. A.. Congenital,
amputation of fetal portions due to constriction by
amniotic hand- of lymph. A. in the Contiguity,
amputation at a joint. A. in the Continuity, ampu-
tation of a limb elsewhere than at a joint. A., Con-
secutive, an amputation during the period of suppura-
tion or later. A., Cutaneous, one in which the flaps
are composed exclusively of the integuments. A.,
Diclastic, one in which the bone is broken with an
osteoclast, and the -oft tissues divided by means of an
ecraseur. Its object is to avoid hemorrhage and puru-
lent infection. A., Double Flap, one in which two
flap- are formed from the -oft tissues. A., Dry. See
A., Bloodless. A., Eccentric, one in which the scar
is situated away from the center of the stump. A.,
Elliptical, one that may be performed by a single
sweep, as in the circularmethod ; the wound, however,
having an elliptical outline, on account of the oblique
direction of the incision. A. of Expediency, one
performed for cosmetic effect. A., Flap, one in which
one or more flaps are made from the soft tissues, the
division being made obliquely. A., Flapless, one in
which, on account of destruction of the soft parts,
flaps cannot be formed, the wound healing by granu-
lation. A., Galvano-caustic, one in which the soft
parts are divided with the galvano-cautery, followed
by division of the bone by the saw. A.. Immediate,
one done within twelve hour- after the injury, during
the period of shock. A., Intermediary or Inter-
mediate, one performed during the period of reaction.
and before suppuration. A., Intrauterine. See./.,
Congenital. A., Major, amputation of the extremi-
ties above the wrist or ankle joints. A., Mediate.
See A.. Intermediary. A., Minor, amputation of the
extremities below the wrist or ankle joints. A.,
Mixed, a combination of the circular and flap method-.
A., Multiple, amputation of two or more members
at the same time. A., Musculo-cutaneous, one in
which the flaps consist of -kin and muscle. A., Mus-
culo-tegumentary. See ./.. Musculo-cutam us.
A., Natural. See A., Congenital. A., Oblique.
See .-/., Oval. A., Osteoplastic, one in which t1
i- section and apposition of portions of bone, in addi-
tion to the amputation. A., Oval, a modification of
the elliptical, in which the incision consists of two
reversed spirals, instead of the one oblique. A., Par-
tial, i. One in which but a portion of the extremity
isremoved. 2. An ii te congenital amputation.

A., Pathological, one done for tumor or other diseased
condition. A., Primary, one done after the period
of shock and before the occurrence of inflammation.
A., Racket, a variety "( the oval amputation, in which
there is a single longitudinal incision continuous below
with a spiral incision on either side of the limb. A..
Secondary, one performed during the period of sup-

AMPUTA 11 RA

AM \ I I m,i Mi

paration. A., Spontaneous. See -/.. vital.

Also occurs in the disease, . unburn. A., Subperios-
teal, one in tlu- continuity, the cut end of the hone
being covered bj periosteal flaps. A., Surgical. .1
formal amputation i>. distinction toaccidental or

congenital A. A., Synchronous. See ./.. .'.
A. by Transfixion, one done by thrusting a long
knife completely through a limb, and cutting the flaps
from within out. A., Traumatic, one performed on
account of injury.

Amputatura 'at-u'-raJt) [L.j pi,, Amputatura~\.

An amputation; loss of a member.

Amuck [Malay]. In a state of murderous

. in Oriental regions persons, mostly hashish

eaters, often attack and kill those whom they meet

while in a state of wild fury. In some cases tlu- infuri-

! persons take this method of seeking death, tor

the- it down at sight.

Amusia ah mu'-se-ah) [n priv. ; mu . muse].

Pathological loss or subnormal ability to produce or
comprehend music or musical sounds, an abnormality
as regards music analogous to aphasia as regards the
faculty of speech. Motor A., the music is understi
but there i- the power of singing or of othi i

wise reproducing music. Paramusia, faulty and im-
perfect reproduction of music. Sensory A., mu
deafness, or the loss of the power of comprehension
of musical sounds. See also Alexia, Musical;
\phia, M ind Amimia, Musical.

Amussat's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Amyelencephalia [ah-mi-el-en > a'-le-afi) [d priv. ;
■<n\ marrow; . the head]. Congenital ab-

sence of both brain and spinal cord.

Amyelencephalus [ah-mi-el-en-sef'-al-us) [d priv. ;
urt'/ni , marrow ; huxi/ r] , the head]. A fetal monster
having neither brain nor spinal cord.

Amyelia [ah-mi-e1 '-le-ah) [d priv.; iin'/or, marrow].
The congenital absence of the spinal cord.

Amyelinic ah-mi-el-in' -ik) [d priv. ; uvi/ne, marrow],
Having no myelin; applied to certain nerve fib
especially those seen in neuromata.

Amyelonervia [ah-mi-el-o-nerf -ve-aK). See Amyeloneu-
via.

Amyeloneuria [ah ini-cl-o-nu'-re-ali) [d priv. ; in.
marrow; . a nerve]. Paresis of the spinal cord.

Amyelotrophy [ah-mi-el-ot1 '-ro-fe\ [d priv.; uveK6g,
marrow; -<•, nourishment]. Atrophyof thespinal
cord.

Amyelus [ah-mi' -el-us) [d priv. ; uveX6c, marrow]. A
fetal monstrosity with partial or complete absem
the spinal cord.

Amyencephalus (ah-ini-en-sef'-alits). See Amyelen-

Amygdala [am-ig/-dal-ah) [I . Amygdala?], i.

Almond. The seeds of I'nout^ Amygdalus, var.
amara and dulcis, containing tin- principle Emulsin
or . The former contains Amygdalin. The

d oil of the sweet almond is a demulcent
ful in skin- affections; in doses of .^j-ij ii is a mild
laxative. The oil of . I. amara is used in cosmetics. 2.
The tonsil. A. amarae, Aq., a i : looo solution
the oil in wat<r Dose indefinite. A. amarae,
Ol., a volatile oil, bitter to the taste. < ontains 3-14
per cent, of lr. acid. Dose ttl '4 — j . A.

amarae, Spt., oil of hitter almond I, alcohol So, dis-
A., Emulsum, oil of swe< 1 almonds
6 per cent., sugar, water, and acacia q. s. Dose X\-

-. ss A. expressum, Ol., oil of sweet aim Is. A.,

Pulv., Comp. i I) P 1. contains sweet almonds, re-
fined sugar, and gum acacia. I Ised to make /. . Emul-
<»:. A., Syr., almond 14, bitter almond \.

sugar 20, orange flow. -i • 1 rup q -

Amygdalae [am-ig* -dal-e) [I..,//.]. Hie tonsils.

Amygdalin [am-ig '-dal-in) \An 1 1 .._>." i > , , -

-f- U 1 ,« » A substance that occurs in bitter almonds,
and in various plants, as well a> in the leaves of the
cherry laurel. It forms white, shining leaflets, ol a
hitter taste, readily soluble in water and hot alcohol.

Amygdaline (.," in) \auvy6aX.i], almond]. I.

Almond like. 2. The fissure ectad of, 01 collocated
with the amygdaloid tubercle. See Fissure.

Amygdalitis [am-ig-dal-i' -tis) [a/ivydd^, almond ; trtc,
inflammation] Tonsillitis.

Amygdaloid [am-ig '-dal-aid) [«'"'; 6&fai, almond ;
form], bike a tonsil, or almond. A. Fossa, the
depression lor the lodgment of the tonsil. A. Tu-
bercle, a projection of gray or cortical matter at the
end of the descending cornu of the lateral ventricle
<»f th<- brain. It is attached to tin temporal lobe, ami
appears to be ne irlj isolated by white substance.

Amygdalolith [am-ig-dal' -o-litK) [aftvrydafai, an al-
mond; ''in,. a stone], A concretion <>r calculus
found in the tonsils.

Amygdaloncus [am-ig-dal-ong* '-kus) [a/ivytidfaf, al-
mond; bynoc, amass]. Any tumor or swelling of the
tonsil.

Amygdalopathy [am-ig-dal-opf -a-the) [afivyddfaj, an
almond; iraBog, a disease]. Any -disease of the ton
sils.

Amygdalotome [am-ig1 '-dal-o-tdm) [afivySdXij, an al-
mond ; TEfiveiv, to cut]. An instrument used in cut-
ting the tonsils.

Amygdalotomy [am-ig-dal- of '-o-me) [a/ivydaXt/, a ton-
sil; riiweiv, to cut]. Tonsillotomy; partial or com
plete abscission of a tonsil.

Amykos [ah-mi'-kos) [d priv, ; i/wcoc, a fungus]. An
antiseptic fluid composed of boric acid, glycerin and
infusion of cloves. Of reputed service in gonorrhea,
dental caries, and catarrhs. Unof.

Amyl (ai/i'-il) [afivTuov, tine starch]. The hypothetii al
radical '',11,, of amyl alcohol, the fifth term of the
series of alcohol radicals, CnH,n + 1. A. Alcohol.
• Amylic Alcohol. A. Hydrate. See Amylic
Alcohol. A. Nitrite, nitrite of amyl, ( ',1IUN< >.„ a
clear, yellowish liquid, ethereal, aromatic, volatile ; pro
duces vascular dilatation and great cardiac activity,
and hence is useful in angina pectoris, respiratory neu-
roses, etc. Dose, internally, n"L '+ -j dissolved in a
hoi ; by inhalation, ttl ij-v. A. Valerianate. See
Apple Oil.

Amylaceous [am-il-a' '-se-us) [amylum, starch], < on
taming starch ; starch-like. See Corpora amyla,

Amylene (am' -il -en) [iniv'/ar, starch], < -p 1 1 ,,,- A

transparent, liquid hydrocarbon, having anesthetii

properties, but dangerous to use. See Anesthetic. A.

Hydrate, (' II,,< », a tertiary alcohol having hypnotic

1 Is, and antagonistic to strychnin. llosetTLXXX-

gj. Unof.

Amylic [am-il' ik) {afivXov, starch] Pertaining to
\in\l. A. Alcohol, Fusel Oil, Potato Starch A
hoi, Amyl Hydrate. An alcohol having the compo-
sition C5H,20, occurring in the continued distillation
of fermented grain I 1m pure substance has consid
ible value as a hypnotic, In large doses it sup
presses tactile sensibilitj and produces motor paraly-
sis. It is employed with advantage in mental disorders.
Ii was formerly much used to adulterate whisky.
I lose n\ 15-75. I nof.

Amylo-dextrin [am 'trin). Same as Ery-

thro dextrin. See Soluble Starch.

Amylogen [am-il' '-o-j'en) [aftvXov, starch; yevtjg, pro
ce], Soluble starch.

Amylogenic [am-il- o-j'en' '-ik) \hnvXn», starch;
produce], March producing,

AMYI.nll)

7:5

ANACR< (ASIA

Amyloid [am' '-il-oid) [a/ivtov, starch; eldoq, farm].
Starch-like. A. Bodies, pathological products re
sembling starch grains found in the membranes ol the
brain and other nervous tissues, the prostate, et< . A.
Degeneration, waxy, fatty, or lardaceous degenera
tion ; a disease occurring in most of the organs ol the
body, ami indicative of impaired nutritive function. It
is a nitrogenous, not starchy body, of uncertain compo
sition. For staining see lodin, Methyl I iolet, Safra-
ii/ii, Rose Bengale, in Table of Slain*. A. Kidney.
See Bright? 's Disease.

Amylolysis (am-il-ol'-is-is) [dfivkov, starch ;
solution]. The digestion of starch, or its conversion
into sugar.

Amylolytic (am-il-o-lif -ik) [hpvkov, starch; "kvotic, so
lutionl. Pertaining to or effecting the digestion of
starch. Pertaining to ferments, like the >aliva and
pancreatic juice, that convert starch into sugar.

Amylometer [am-il-om' '-et-er) [d//t//W, starch ; ukrpov,
a measure]. An apparatus for estimating the amount
of starch in a solution.

Amyloplast (am' ' -il-o-plasi) [dfivXov, starch; ~'/nnaetv,
to form]. A leucoplast ; a starch-forming protoplasmic
granule.

Amylopsin [am-U-op* '-sin) [auv/.ov, starch ; oi/vc, ap-
pearance], A ferment said to exist in pancreatin. See
ferments.

Amylose (am'-U-os) [dfivXov, starch]. Any one of
a certain group of the carbohydrates, comprising starch,
glycogen, dextrin, inulin, gum, cellulose, and tunicin.

Amylum [am'-il-um) [L. , gen. Amyli~\, C6HM05.
Starch. The internal cells of Triticum vulgaris,
common wheat, all other cereals, and many tubers,
piths, and roots, such as potato, cassava, etc.; it con-
stitutes nearly the whole of arrow-root, tapioca, and
sago. It is converted into glucose by boiling with
mineral acids. It is one of the most valuable nutrients
known, but inert medicinally. A. glyceritum, a jelly
for external application. Starch io, water io, glycerin
80. A., Mucilago (B. P.), used in making enemata.
A. iodatum, contains starch 95, iodin 5 Per cent.,
triturated with distilled water and dried. Dose 3 j-
% ss. See Table of Carbohydrates under Carbohydrate.

Amyocardia [am-i-o-kar' ' -de-ali) [d priv. ; itvr, muscle ;
■napAia, the heart]. Lack of muscular power in the
heart's contractions.

Amyosthenia [am-i-o-sthe' ' -ne-ah) [a priv. ; ititr, mus-
cle; ot)i voc, force]. Deficient muscular power with-
out obvious disease or lesion.

Amyosthenic [am-i-o-sthen'-ik) [d priv. ; uvg, muscle;
od&vog, force]. Pertaining to amyosthenia. Also, a
medicine or agent depressing muscular action.

Amyotrophia [am-i-o-tro' -fe-ah) [d priv. ; fivg, muscle;
Tpo(j>i/, nouri>hment]. Atrophy of a muscle.

Amyotrophic yam-i-o-trof'-ik) [i priv.; uvc, muscle;
r/)o<j>/), nourishment]. Dependent on or relating to
muscular atrophy. A. Paralysis, that which is due
to muscular atrophy.

Amyotrophy [am-i-of-ro-fe). See Amyotrophia.

Amyous [am'-i-us~\ [a priv.; uvq, muscle]. Weak;
deficient in muscle or muscular strength.

Amyrin [am'-e-rin) [amyris~\, C^H^O. A resinous
principle derived from Mexican Elemi. Amyris ele-
mifera, L.

Amyris [am'-e-ris) [I..]. A genus of tropical trees
and shrubs producing fragrant resins and gums, such
as Elemi, etc.

Amyxia [ah-miks' -e-ah) [a priv. ; ///^a, mucous]. De-
ficiency in the normal secretion of mucus.

Ana [an'-ah) [avd, so much each]. A Greek preposi-
tion signifying through, up, again, etc. In prescrip-
tions contracted to da, meaning of each.

Anabamous [an-ab' -am-us) [avd, upward; Qdveiv,
to go"). In biology, climbing, as certain fishes lu,i
bos " and >is).

Anabasis [an-ab'-a is) [ava [o up]. The

increasing stage of a fever or other acute di
ding the climax.

Anabatic [an-ab-af '-ik) [dvafiaTtxde, ascending]. In-
creasing; growing more intense; as the anabatic
Stage of a fever.

Anabiosis [an-ab-i-o' -sis) [• . to come to life

again]. The phenomenon of a restoration of vitality
possessed by certain organisms after apparent death,
or even alter heating to 140 I

Anabiotic [an-ab-i-of -ik) [avafiideiv, to come to life
again], 1. Relating to anabiosis. 2. Restoring the
strength or activity.

Anabole [an-ab' -o-le) [dva0dXXeiv, to throw up], A
throwing up; what i> thrown up; vomit; vomiting;
expectoration ; regurgitation.

Anabolergy [an-ab-ol* [ava IdX'/ieiv, to throw up;

ipyov, work]. The force expended or work per-
formed in anabolism, or in anabolii processes.

Anabolic [an-ab-ol' '-ik) [iud-in/'/ni, to throw or build
up]. Pertaining to or characterized by anabolism.

Anabolin (an-ab' -o-lin) [ava IdXkeiv, to throw or build
up]. Any substance formed during the anabolic
process.

Anabolism (an-ab' -o-lizm) [ava/3dXXeiv, to throw
build up]. Synthetic or constructive metabolism.
Activity and repair of function. Opposed to Cata-
bolism. The process by which simpler elements are
built up into more complex. See Metabolism.

Anabrosis [an-ab-ro' -sis) [dvd/3poxrt£, an eating up].
Corrosion, or superficial ulceration.

Anabrotic [an-ab-rot'-ik) [avdfipuavc, an eating up].
Pertaining to anabrosis ; corrosive.

Anacamptic (an-ak-amp' -tik) [hvaxawitTtiv , to bend
back]. Reflected, as sound or light; pertaining
or causing a reflection.

Anacanthous (an-ak-an' '-thus) [dvdtcavdog, spineless].
Without spines.

Anacardium [an-ak-ar'-de-um) [avd, up; sapfiia, the
heart, from its heart-shaped seeds]. 1. A genus
of tropical trees. A. occidental yields cashew
gum and the cashew nut. 2. The oil of the pericarp
of the cashew nut, known as cardol, and used as an
escharotic. Of reputed value in leprosy. A Tinct.,
I to 10 of rectified spirit. Dose. rrCij-x. A. Ung.,
one part of the tar to eight of lard or vaselin.
Used as a blistering ointment.

Anacatadidymous [an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us) [avd, up;
Kara, down ; Sidvpoc, a twin]. Divided above and
below, but jointed centrally into one; said of certain
twin monsters.

Anacatadidymus {an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us) [urn, up;
icard, down; and SiSvuoc, a twin]. An anacatadidy-
mous mi instrosity.

Anacatharsis [an-ak-ath-arf -sis) [avd, up; ftdftx/
purgation]. Expectoration ; vomiting.

Anacathartic [an-ak-ath-ar' -tik) [avd, up ;
purgation]. Causing anacatharsis.

Anaclasis [an-ak' -las-is) [dvoKkaaig , a breaking off, or
back]. I. Reflection or refraction of light or sound.
2. A fracture; forcible flexion of a stiff joint.

Anaclastic [an-ak-las/ -tik) [avdxAaaiq, a breaking off,
or back]. Pertaining to refraction, or to anaclasC

Anaclisis [an-ak' -lis-is) [avdieXiaig, a reclining]. Decu-
bitus ; the reclining attitude.

Anacroasia [an-ak-ro-a' -ze-ah )[dv priv.; d " .hear-

ing]. Inability to understand words that are heard,
while the same words if read by the patient are under-
stood.

ANACRi »TIC

ANALOG! i:

Anai r< i i ic K.\i>i u Pi

I KAi IN' .s

a, a, the anac rotic pai ts.

Anacrotic {att-ah-rvt/-ih) [av priv. ; OKp6aai> .hearing].

Relating to or characterized b) anacrotism.
Anacrotism n , to lift up and

strike together]. A
culiarit y of the

pulse i'ur\ e, whi

series of closely |

elastic vibrations i k cur

in the upper part of the

line of ascent, »> that

the apex appears den-

tate and forms an angle

with tin- line of de-
scent. It takes place

in dilatation and lis

pertrophy of the left ventricle, when extensibility of the

arterial wall is diminished, in great diminution in the

velocity of the blood stream, alter ligature of an artery,

Anacusia [an-ak-u' '-se-ah) [av priv. ; anoretv, to hear].
Complete deafness; abolition of the sense of hearing.

Anadenia {an-ad-ef -ne-ah) [dv priv.; adijv, gland]. In-
sufficiency of glandular function. Chronic want of
gastric secretion.

Anadicrotic {an-ah-di-krotf -ik) [urn, upward;

twice ; kjiutim , a stroke]. Characterized by anadi-
crotism.

Anadicrotism {an-ah-di' '-krot-izm) [dvd, upward; <' /,
twice ; !■ - . a stroke]. l)icrotism of the pulse-
wave occurring in the upward stroke.

Anadidymous {an-ad-id'-im-u \ [avd, up; (ViV^/i/i. a
twin], (left upward into two, while single below —
said of certain joined twins.

Anadidymus [an-ad-id' -im-us) [dvd, up; didv/u
twin]. An anadidymous monster.

Anadiplosis {lan-ah-dip-lof -sis) [arn,up,back ; 6iic7u&
louble]. The reduplication or redoubling of a fr
paroxysm.

Anadiplotic {an-ah-dip-lot'-ik) [dvd, up; 6iir?.6eiv, to
double]. Characterized by anadiplosis.

Anadipsia {an-ah-dipt '-se-ah) [avd, intensive; Htjmi,
thirst]. Intense thirst.

Anadipsic {an-ah-dip '-sik) [dvd, intensive; d
thirst]. Causing or relating to great thirst.

Anadosis [an-ad* -o-sis) [avddocwc, distributing]. Vomit-
ing; upward determination of blood.

Anadrom {an-ad'-rom) [dvd, up; Spa/ieiv, to run]. In
biology, a tish that ascends rivers to spawn.

Anadromous {an-adr-ro-mus) [avadpo/iog, running up].
Ascending; moving upward. Said of pains, etc.

Anaematopoiesis {an-e-mat-o-poi-e/-sis). See Ane-
amatopoiesis.

Anaematosis {an-e-mat-o/-sis). See Anematosis.

Anaemia [an-e'-me-ah Si tnemia.

Anaemotrophy {an-e-mofl '-ro fe). See Anemo trophy.

Anaerobia - r« </-be-ah) [dv priv. ; d^p, air;

life]. Microorganisms having the power of living
without either air or free oxygen. A. , Facultative, ap-
plied to organisms normally or usually living in the
of oxygen, but under certain circumstances
-ming anaerobic.

Anaerobic {an-a-e r</-d/i§)[dvpriv. ; nfyp, air; j3/oc, life],
A term used of microorganisms, that live in the ab-
e of frei I obic.

Anaerobiosis {an-a ' [dv priv.; afip, air;

, life]. Life sustained in ti>'- absence of free oxy-
gen ; the power of living where there is no
gen.

Anaerobiotic {an ' i-a/'-ik). Same as Anaerobi-

Anaerobious (an >?■■ fpriv.; d«7p,air;

life]. In biology, capable of existing without free

oxygen by a power of obtaining oxygen from organic
substani
Anaerophyte {an ,:' . ro-flt) [ di priv.; dc/p, air; ■ ■
a plant]. In biology, a plant Capable of living with

out a direct supply of oxygen.

Anaeroplastic \an-a-er-o-plas ' -tik) [dv., priv. ; i
air; lr'AAaaeiv, to shape]. Pertaining to anaeroplasty.

Anaeroplasty {an-a' '-er-o-plai ' | [dv priv.; afip, air;
-'/itnnnr, to shape]. The treatment of wounds bj im-
mersion in warm water, so as to exclude the air.

Anaesthesia {an-es-the* -ze-ah S Anesthesia,

Anaesthetic {an-es-thetf-ik). See Anesthetic.

Anaetiological {an-e-te-o-lof-ik-al). See . \netiologieal.

Anagallis {an-ag-aV -is) [L.]. A genus ol plants. A.
Arvensis, Pimpernel. An herb having some local
reputation as a remedy for rheumatism and as a pre

ventive of hydrophobia. Dose of the fluid extract 3 j.

Anagennesis [an-aj-en-ef-sis\ [avaytwriotg, regenera
tion]. Reparation or reproduction of tissues.

Anagnostakis's Operation. See OperatL >is. Tabic of.

Anagraph {an'-a-graf) [avaypatyi}, a writing out]. A
physician's prescription or recipe.

Anagyrin {an-aj-i' '-rin) [Anagyris, from ovd, back-
ward; y\ . a circle], Cj4H18N20j. An alkaloid
from tli'- seeds of Anagyris fcetida, I.., a leguminous
shrub of Southern Europe. Its hydrochlorate is poi
sonous, slowing the respiration, and interfering with
the heart's action. I not.

Anakroasia {an-ak-ro-a' -ze-ah). See Anacroasia.

Anakusis [an-ak-u1 ' -sis). See Anacu

Anal (a'-nal) [amis, the fundament]. Pertaining to
the anus.

Analepsia [an-al-ep' -se-ah). See Anahpsis.

Analepsis (an-al-ep' ■ 1 1 1 11 ■•V/t/ipir, a taking up. ] Re-
covery of strength after disease.

Analepsy (an'-al-ep-se). See Analepsis.

Analeptic (an-al-ep f -tik) [lira/ //-t/kuc, restorative]. 1.
Restorative. 2. Any agent restoring strength after ill-
ness, as nourishing foods and tonics.

Analgen (an-al'-jen) [av priv. ; d^yoc, pain], < '.,,p H , ,
N204. A white, tasteless, crystalline powder, almost
insoluble in water, soluble with difficulty in 1
alcohol, but more readily in hot alcohol and dilute
acids. It melts at 406. 40 F. It is employed as an
analgesic, antineuralgic, and antipyretic, in doses of
from seven and a half to thirty grains. Unof.

Analgesia (an-al-je/ -ze-ah) [d priv. ; a/;<» , pain]. In-
sensibility to or absence of pain.

Analgesic (an-al-je' -sik) [dv priv. ; h\yoc, pain]. I.
Anodyne; relieving pain. 2. Affected with analgesia
3. A remedy that relieves pain either by depressant
ion on the nerve centers or by impairing the con-
ductivity of nerve libers.

Analgesin [an-al-je* '-sin). See Antipyrin.

Analgia (an-aV-je-ah) [av priv.; «>; <»•, pain]. Paral-
ysis of the sense of pain ; absence of pain.

Analgic (an-al'-jik) [av priv.; <;>,<». pain]. Anal.

Analogism (an-al' -o-jism) [avd^oyioftog, reasoning;
.through; ?.6yog, ratio]. Diagnosis by analogy
or by reasoning.

Analogous (an-al' -o-gus)[avafoyog, conformable]. Con-
forming to, pro] '■ ', answering to. See, also.
Analogue. A. Tissues, morbid tissues similar to
the elementary and normal tissues of the body.

Analogue (an'-al-og \ [dw -unable]. Apart

or organ having the same function as another, but
with a differeni e of structure. The correlative ti rm,
homologu . ■ identity of structure with differ-

ence of function. The wing of the butterflyand that
of the bird are analogous, but the wing of a bird
and the arm of a man are homologous. A., Non-
homologous, are parts that have a similarity of

\\ \1 VMS

75

ANAPNE( (METER

function without any similarity a-, to relative posi
tion, e.g., the legs "I a lizard and those oi a lobster.
A., Homologous, is used oi parts that are similar
both as to function and relative position, e.g , the
wings of a bat and of a bird.

Analysis [an-al'-is-is) [avdkveiv, to unloose]. The
resolution of compound bodies into simpler, "i con
stituent parts. A., Densimetric, analysis of a subject
by mean-, oi determining the specific gravity "I the
solution and thus estimating the amount "i dissolved
matter. A., Gasometric, the determination of the
constituents of gaseous compounds, especially the
determination of the amount <>l oxygen in samples of
atmospheric air. A., Gravimetric, the quantitative
determination by weight of the elements of a body.
A., Organic, the determination of the elements of
matter formed under the influence of life. I be
analysis of animal and vegetable tissues. A., Proxi-
mate, the determination of the simpler compound
elements into which a substance may be resolved
A., Qualitative, the determination of the nature and
number of elements that compose a body. A., Quan-
titative, the determination of the proportionate parts
of the various elements of a compound. A., Spectral,
the determination of the composition of a body by means
of the spectroscope. A., Ultimate, the resolution of
a compound, not into its simpler constituents, but its
ultimate elements. A., Volumetric, the quantitative
determination of a constituent by ascertaining the
volume of a liquid required to complete a given re-
action.

Analyzer [an'-al-i-zer) [hvdXveiv, to unloose]. In
microscopy, the Nicol prism placed at some level
above the object which receives and exhibits the
properties of light after polarization.

Anamirtin [an-am-er' -tin) [Anamirta, a genus of
plants], C19H:!602. A glycerid derived from Cocculus
indicus, the berry-like fruit of Menispermum coccu-
lus, L.

Anamnesia [an-am-ne' -ze-ak). See Anamnesis.

Anamnesis {an-am-ne' -sis) [inauvr/aic, a recalling to
mind]. I. The faculty of memory ; recollection. 2.
That which is recollected : information gained re-
garding the past history of a case from the patient or
from his friends or from other persons.

Anamnestic \<iu-am-ncsf-tik) [ava/ivz/o/c, a recalling
to mind]. I. Recalling to mind ; remembering. 2.
Restorative of the memory.

Anamnia [an-amf -ne-ak). See Amniota.

Anamnionic [an-am-ne-on'-ik). Same as Anamniotic.

Anamniotic [an-am-ne- of -ik) [av priv. ; auviov, am-
nion]. In biology, without an amnion, as fishes.

Anamorphism [an-am-orf-izm). Same as Anamor-
phosis.

Anamorphosis [an-am-orf-o' -sis) [avafidptjxMjig ; ava,
again; uop<p6eiv, to form]. Distortion or anomaly of
development. In biology, gradual change of form in
successive members of a group.

Anamorphosy [an-am-or'-fo-se). See Anamorphosis.

Anam Ulcer. A form of phagedena such as is common
in hot countries. It begins with an inflammation
starting from a small abrasion of the skin, generally
on the foot and leg, with sloughing of the inflamed
skin, producing a sharp-cut ulcer that spreads
slowly, preceded by an area of inflammation. Its
course is remarkably slow, and its resistance to treat-
ment obstinate. Syphilis and anemia are predisposing
factors.

Anandria \an-an'-dre-ah\ [av priv.; nvi//>, man].
Lack of virility ; male impotence.

Anandrous (an-an* -drus) [av priv. ; hvfjp, a male].
In biology, without stamens.

Anantherous [an-an' '-ther-us] [av priv.; anthera,
anther]. In biology, without anthers.

Ananthous [an-an' -thus) [av priv.; av6o$,a flower].
In biology, di -unit' oi flow

Anantochasmus {an-an- to-kaz' '-mus) [avavr?n

\<tcti<t, a chasm]. Lis term tor a skull in

which there is a forward inclination of the line ion
ting tie- basii >n an< I staphylion.

Anantocoryphus (an-an-to-k [av&vrrn

Kopupfy, the crown]. Lissauer's term for a »kull in
which the angle formed between the radius fixus and
tin- line connecting the bregma and lambda is bet'.'.
5^° and 4I0.

Anantopyl (an-ant' -o-pil) [avavrr/g, steep, up-hill;
-/>/,, an entrance]. A trim applied by Lissauer to
skulls in which the foramen magnum looks slightly
forward when referred to the radius fixus as a hori-
zontal.

Ananturaniscus [an-an-tu-ran-is' '-kits) [<■■

bvpaviax<K, canopy, vault]. Lissauer's term for a
skull in which there is a forward inclination of the
line joining the alveolar point and the posterior border
of the incisive foramen.

Ananturanus [an-an-tu-ra'-nus) [ . steep;

bvpavdg, the vault]. Lissauer's term lor a skull in
which the radius fixus being horizontal, there i- a
forward-looking of the palate.

Anapeiratic [an-ap-i-ratf -ik) [ T"n/ , to do

again]. Due to frequent repetition ; a general term
for such affections as writers' and telegraphers' cramp,
or paralysis.

Anaphalantiasis [an-af-al-an-ti' -as-is) [ava, up;
oiuavdoc, bald in front]. The falling out of the 1
brows.

Anaphases [an-af-af scz) [di.'d,up ; tpaocg, a phase]. In
biology, the phenomena of karyokinesis immediately
preceding the formation of the daughter stars, and up
to the formation of the resting daughter nuclei.
Jl/etaphases.

Anaphia (an-a'-fe-ah) [av priv; do/,, touch]. Defect in
the sense of touch.

Anaphrodisia [an-af-ro-diz* -e-ah) [av priv. ; 'Atppodirr/,
Venus]. Absence or impairment of sexual appetite.

Anaphrodisiac [an-af-ro-diz' -e-ak) [in priv.;

Venus]. I. Relating to, affected by, or causing
anaphrodisia. 2. An agent that allays the sexual
desire.

Anaphroditic {an-af-ro-dif -ik\ [av priv. ; A
\ enus]. Asexually produced.

Anaphroditous [an-af-rod' -it-us) [av priv. ; A
Venus]. Having no sexual impulses or appetite.

Anaplase [an'-ap-ldz) [ava, up ; rrXaooetv, to build].
The stage of growth and development; the period
before full maturity.

Anaplast [an' -ap-last) [ - joeiv, to shape]. See
Leucoplast.

Anaplastic (an-ap-las* '-tik) [avairhaoaetv, to build up].

1. Relating to anaplasty ; restoring a lost or defective
part. 2. An agent that facilitates repair by restoring or
increasing the plastic elements of the blood.

Anaplasty (an' -ap-las-te) [avaii-Xdaaeiv , to build up].
t Iperation for the renewal or restoration of lost
parts, commonly called a plastic operation ; pla
surgery.

Anaplerosis (an-ap-le-ro'-sis) [av&, up; jr/jjp6ei
fill]. The restoration or repair of a wound, sore, or
lesion in which there has been a loss of substance.

Anaplerotic (an-ap-le-rof -ik) [ava, up; irTaipdeiv, to
till]. 1. Promotive of repair, favoring granulation.

2. A remedy or application that promotes repair.
Anapneometer (an-ap-ne- m'-et-er) [avoTrvofj, respira-
tion; utrpov, a measure]. An anapnograph.

AN \r\> (GRAPH

76

ANAZOTl klA

Anapnograpn . respiration ;

, to wriu]. An apparatus registering the m
ments ol inspiration and expiration, together with the
quantity of air inhaled.

Anapnoic in tgainst; airvoia, want

breath]. Fa respiration; relieving dyspnea.

Anapnometc: m •", , respiration ;

,a measure]. An anapneomel

Anapophysi [ava, back;

an offshoot]. process of a lumbar or

posterior dorsal vertebra, corresponding to the inferior
tubercle of the transverse process of a typical dorsal
vertebra.

Anarcotin bo-tin) [ii j>ri\ . ; vapKarixdi , nar-

cotic], Narcotin, so .ailed from its lack of narcotic

I N • '■'.

Anargyrus [av priv. ; apyvpoe, silver :

■■. ■']. An old name for a practitioner who
treated the sick gratuitously.

Anarrhea. .t Anarrhcea t<7//-(/;--</-<;//) [dvd, up;
Bowl. Afflux loan upper part, as <>t' blood to the head.

Anarrhexis (an-ar-eiP-is) [avd, up; . . fracture].
Surgical refracture of a bone.

Anarthria an-ar* -thre-ah \ [av priv. ; apBpov, articula-
tion]. I. Partial aphasia from partial destruction of the
paths of the motor tracts of speech, and characterized
by defective articulation. 2. Without joints.

Anarthrous [an-ar* -thrus) [av priv. ; apdpuv, a joint],
Jointless. So corpulent that no joints are visible.

Anasarca [an-ah-sar1 '-kati) [avd, through; ffdpf, the
flesh]. An accumulation of serum in the areolar ti-
the body, tf associated with effusion of fluid
into serous cavities it is called general dropsy. If the
affection i- local, it is called edema. This local form
is generally the result of some mechanical obstruction
to the flow of blood in the part.

Anasarcous [an-ah-sar' -kus) [ava, through; oapj; , the
flesh]. Affected with anasarca.

Anaspadias ba'-de-as) [avd, up; airdecv, to

draw]. An urethral opening upon the upper surface
of the 1 '

Anastaltic (an-as-taP-tik) [dvaoTa\mc6g, checking,
putting back, or up ; arkTCKtiv, to send]. 1. Strongly
a-tringent. 2. Centripetal; afferent; used of nerve
curr

Anastasis an-as* -tas-is) [avdaraaig, a setting up]. Re-
very; convalescence; a state of improving health,
vigor, or development.

Anastate {at , 1 aused t<> rise]. Any

substance that appears in or is characteristic of an
anabolic process.

Anastatic (an as-taP-ik) [dvdoraroc, caused to rise].
Tending to recovery; restorative.

Anastole [an- a '-to-le) [dvaarokij, retracted]. Retrac-
tion ; shrinking away, as of the lip.-, of a wound.

Anastom [an' -as-torn) [ava, above; ar6pa, mouth].
Any mouthless organism; specifically, a member ,,t
the genus. Inastoma, among the < rasteropods or< hthop
tera. or Anactomus among the Salmonidse.

Anastomosis {at vrop6eiv, to bring

to a mouth]. The intercommunication of vessels.
Anastomotic arteries of the thigh, etc. branch*
brachial, femoral, etc., whereby the collateral circula-
tion i- established after ligature for aneurysm, etc.
The term ha- been inaccurately used of the junction
of the nerve filaments. A., Crucial, an arterial an-
astomosis in the- upper part of the thigh, formed by the
anastomotic branch "i th ,the firsl perforating,

the internal circumflex, and the transverse branch of
the external circumflex. A., Intestinal, an op<
rion consisting in establishing a communication be-
tween tin- intestine above and that below the obstruc-

tion, in ea-e- oi intestinal obstruction. In this way

the impermeable portion of the bowel is excluded

from the fecal circulation.

Anastomotic (an-as-to-moP -ik) [dvaaropdeiv, to bring
to a mouth]. Pertaining to anastomosis.

Anatherapeusis (an-ath-er-ap-u' '-sis) [inn, forward;
-t< , medical treatment]. I reatment by in
creasing doses.

Anathrepsis (an-ath-rep'-sis) [avddpetyic, a fresh
iwth]. A renewal oi losl flesh after recover]

Anathreptic [an-ath-rep* '-tik) | ..a fresh

growth]. Restorative of losl flesh; nutritive.

Anatomical (an-at-omf-ik-al) [avarop a, anatomy].
Pertaining to anatomy. A. Tubercle. See Ver-
ruca necrogenica.

Anatomism {an-aP -om-izni) [dvaropia, anatomy]. The
theory that anatomical conditions determine all the
phenomena of life, health, and disease.

Anatomist [an-aP -om-ist ) [dvaropia, anatomy], I Ine
who i- expert in anatomy. A.'s Snuff-box, the tri
angulai spat e between the tendons of the extensor of
the metacarpal bone of the thumb and the extensor of
the first phalanx on the back of the hand.

Anatomy (an-aP-o-me) [avd, up, apart ; rkpvetv, to cut].
The dissection of organic bodies in order to study their
structure, the situations and uses of their organs, etc.
A., Applied, anatomy as concerned in the diagnosis and
management of pathological conditions. A., Compar-
ative, the investigation and comparison of the anatomy
of different orders of animals or of plants, one with an-
other. A., Descriptive, a study of the separate and
individual portions of the body, apart from their rela-
tionship to surrounding parts. A., Gross, anatomy
of the macroscopic tissues. A., Homological, the
study of the correlations of the several parts of the
body. A., Minute, that studied under the micro-
scope. A., Morbid or Pathological, a study of
diseased structures. A., Physiognomical, the study
of expressions depicted upon the exterior of the body,
especially upon the face. " A., Regional, a study of
limited parts or regions of the body, the divisions of
which are collectively or peculiarly affected by disease,
injury, operations, etc. A., Surgical, the application
of anatomy to surgery. A., Topographical, the
anatomy of a single portion or part of the body. A.,
Transcendental, the study of the general design of
the body, and of the particular design of the organs.
A., Veterinary, th.- anatomy of domestic animals.

Anatripsis ian-at-rip' -sis) [avdrpttyiq, a rubbing]. Rub
bing; the removal of a part or growth by -craping or
rubbing; inunction. Also an upward or centripetal
movement in massage.

Anatripsology [an-at-rip-soP -o-je) [avdrpiipcg, a rub
bing; >«;'», science]. The science of friction as a
remedial agent.

Anatriptic [an-at-rip1 '-tik) [avdTpirfiig, a rubbing]. A
medii ine to be applied by rubbin

Anatropal [an-aP -ro-pal) [a . to turn up

down]. See Anatropous.

Anatropous (an-aP -ro-pus) [dvd, up; rpineiv, toturn].
In biology, inverted. Applied to the ovule when com
pletel) inverted, so that the hilum and micropyle are
brought close t' tgether.

Anaudia [an-aio' -de-ah) [av priv.; aid^, voice]. Loss
of voice ; dumbness; inability to artii ulate.

Anaxonia (an-aki o/-ne-ah) [dvpriv.; dfwv, axle, axi-]
In biology, organic forms wholly irregular or varying,
and without

Anazoturia \<m az-ot-u' -re-ah) [dvpriv. ; azotum, nitro
gen ; abpav, urine]. A name applied to that form of
chronic diuresis in which urea is deficient or absent
from the urine.

ANBURY

77

ANDROPOG< »N

Anbury Um'-ber-e) [E. dialect], A sofl tumor or
pendulous wart, chiefly on horses and cattle

Ancecerite {an •-■■' rer-it) [dy/t#, ben! ; i horn].

In biology, a curved process attai hi 'I to the peduncle
of the second pair of antennae in certain Crustacea.

Ancestral germ-plasms. Weismann's "Ahnenplas-
men. See /</.

Anchieta (an-che-a'-tah ) [Anchietea, a Brazilian botan-
ist]. A genus of violaceous plants. ./. salutaris,
vegetable mercury. The runt of a violaceous plant
growing in Brazil, highl) recommended as a purga-
tive, and as an alterative in syphilitic affections; it is
possibly identical with Manaca, </. v.

Anchilops [angf -kil-ops). See Anchylops.

Anchorage {ang/ kor-aj | [M. E., ankren, an anchor],
rhe fixation of a floating or displaced viscus, whether
by a natural process or by surgical mean-.

Anchusa {ang- ku' '-sah) [d^owra, alkanet]. A genus
of boraginaceous herbs. Sec Alkanet.

Anchusin {ang/-ku-sin) [axovaa, alkanet], C ,,11
The red coloring matter characteristic of alkanet-root.
See Alkanet.

Anchyloglossia {ang->kil-o-glos/~e-ah). See Tongue-tie.

Anchylops {ang'-kil-ops) [&yxh near; ui\>, the eye].
Abscess at inner angle of eye, prior to rupture.

Anchylosis {ang-kil-o'-sis). See Ankylosis.

Anchylostomiasis {ang-kil-o-sto-mi'-as-is). See Dock-
miasis.

Anchylostomum {ang-kil-os' -to-mum) [dy/cvAoc, crook-
ed ; orbpa, mouth]. A genus of slender nematoid
worms inhabiting the human intestines. Dochmius
{Anchylostowa) duodenalis. Leuck. See Parasites,
Animal, Tabic of.

Ancipital [an-sip'-it-al) [anceps, double]. In biology,
two-edged.

Ancome {an'-kum) [E. dialect]. An inflammation or
swelling that comes on suddenly.

Ancon |i/«^'-/v«) [aynav, the elbow]. Originally the
olecranon process ; applied to the elbow generally.

Anconad [ang/ -ko-nad) [ayndiv, the elbow]. Toward
the olecranon, or elbow.

Anconagra {ang-kon-a* -grah) [dy/cwv, the elbow ; aypa,
a -eizure]. Arthritic pain at the elbow.

Anconal (ang/ -kon-al) \aynuv, the elbow]. Pertain-
ing to the elbow.

Anconeal {ang-ko'-ne-al). Same as Anconal.

Anconen {ang* -kon-en) [ayn6v, the elbow]. Belonging
to the ancon in itself.

Anconeus (ang-ko u, ' us) [aynuv, the elbow]. A
small muscle, an extensor of the forearm, inserted
into the olecranon and upper third of the forearm. It
arises from the external condyle of the humerus. See
Muscles, Table of.

Anconoid {ang^-kon-oid) [dyw&v, the elbow]. Re-
sembling the elbow.

Ancora {angf -ko-rah) [I.., an anchor]. In biology,
an anchor-shaped Synapta spicule.

Ancyloblepharon {an-sil-o-blef -ar-vn). See Ankylo-
blepharon.

Ancyloglossum {an-sil-o-glosf-um). See Tongue-tie.

Ancylomele [an-sil-o-me' '-/<?). See Ankylomele.

Ancyroid {an' -sir-oid) [ayicvpa, anchor; eldoc, form].
Shaped like an anchor.

Andersch's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table- of.

Anderson's Antipruritic Powder. A powder used in
eczema. It consists of powdered starch, 3 yj ; oxid
of zinc, 3 is- ; powdered camphor, 3 ss.

Anderson's (McCall) Ointment. Anointment consist-
ing of powdered bismuth oxid 3J, oleic acid f^j,
white wax £iij, vaselin gix. These are hei
together and when nearly cool a little oil of rose is
added, ft is an excellent soothing ointment for the skin.

Anderson's Pill. The compound gamboge pill.

Andira {an di'-rah) [L.]. A genus ol tropical legumi-
nous trees. ./. araroba, affords
Araroba). Several spei ies yield a< tive medii
chiefly of local repute. ./. inermi (Cabbage-tn
./. anthelmintica, of Brazil, and A < tu a, ol Guiana,
have barks efficacious against worm-.

Andranatomy {an-dran-af -o-me) [avfjp, a man;
dvoro/ua, anatomy]. Human anatomy ; the anatomy
or dissection ol the male human subject.

Andrecium, or Andrcecium {an-dre' '-se-um) [in
man; uZ/coi . a bouse]. In biology, a term applied to
the stamens as a whole.

Androclinium {pn-dro-klin'-e-um). See Clinajidrium.

Andro-diecious {an-dro-di-e1 '-she-us) [avijp, male;
. two; ot/coc, a house]. In biology, flowers stami-
nate on one plant, perfect on another.

Androgalactozemia 1 an-dro-gal-ak-to-ze' -me-ah \ \avi)p,
in in ; ] 1 !'u, milk; -'////"*, loss]. The presence of
milk in the male mammae.

Androgonidium (an-dro-gon id'-e um). See Andro-
re.

Androgyna {an-drof '-in-ah) [avijp, man;

woman]. An hermaphrodite; a female in whom the
genital organ- are similar to those of the male.

Androgyneity {an-droj-in-e'-it-e) [avj/p, man; ;
woman]. Hermaphroditism.

Androgynism {an-drof '-in-izm) [avrjp, man;
woman]. I lermaphroditi-m.

Androgynous {an-droj' -in-us) [avr/p, man;

woman]. Hermaphrodite. In biology, having male
and female flowers in the same inflorescence.

Androgynus {an-droj' -in-us) \avijp, man;

woman]. An hermaphrodite. A male with genital
organs similar to those of the female.

Androgyny {an-droj' -in-e). See Androgynism.

Andrology {an-droV -o-je) \avrjp, man; \6yog, science].

1. The science of man, especially of the male -

2. The science of the diseases of the male genito-
urinary organs.

Andromania {an-dro-mar -ne-ah) \kvijp, a man ; //•
madness]. Nymphomania. </. v.

Andromeda {an-drom' -e-dah) ['AvSpofiidri, a mytholo
gical character]. A genus of ericaceous shrubs hav-
ing poisonous or narcotic properties. The leave- of
A. mariana and A. nitida, of North America, and
of A. polyfolia of both continent.-, are useful in the
external treatment of old ulcers, a decoction being ap-
plied hot to the sore. Unof.

Andromonoecious {an-dro-mo-ne' '-she-us) [avijp, male;
uoviir, -ingle ; olicog, house]. In biology, of or per-
taining to a plant that bears staminate and perfect, but
no pistillate flowers.

Andromorphous {an-dro-mor' '-fus) [avfip, man; \inptyq,
form]. Shaped like a man.

Androphobia {an-dro-fo' -be-ah) [avfjp, man; <>■
dread]. Fear or dislike of man.

Androphonomania {an-dro-fo-no-tna' '-ne-ah 1 [dvdpo-
OC, man-killing; uai-ia, madness]. Homicidal in-
sanity.

Androphore {anf -dro-for) [dv^p, man; (pipeiv, to bear].
In biology, a -talk supporting an andrecium. a stami-
neal column, or a body supporting an antheridium. In
biology, a generative bud of a hydrozoan producing
male elements only.

Andropogon {an-dro-po* '-gon) [avijp, man: irayav,
beard]. \ genus of coarse grasses of many species.
A. nardus affords oil of citronella ; A. citratus, lemon-
grass oil ; A. schcenanthus, oil of rusa, etc. These
oils are employed in perfumery, and are said to be use-
ful in rheumatism. The oil-bearing andropogons are
ly s Asiatic. Unof.

ANDROSP* tRANGIUM

78

ANENCEPHALOTR< »PHIA

Androsporangium (an-Jro-s: man ;

tnmpd, a spon : i , a vessel]. In biolog

sporangium producing androspa

Androspore i -;«'-.//■■ .1 man ; 1 ed].

In biology, the peculiar swarmspore of tie
which develops to a "dwarf male" and se to

antherozoids.

Androtomous [an -..■' a man; -

cut]. In biology, characterized by congenital division
of the stamens into several parts.

Androtomy - t Andrai

Andrum an' -drum) [Guzerali ana

A form of elephantiasis Arabum characterized by
edema of the scrotum.

Aneccrisia [av priv. ; ex, out; Kpiotc,

oration]. The suppression or defici any

on.

Anechinoplacid [av priv.; i\

a hedgehog; r? -. a plate]. In biology, having the
madreporic plate destitute of spines; the opposite of
/ id.

Anectasia t'-se-ah). See Anectasis.

Anectasis [an e/^-tas-is) [av priv. ; iicraaig, extension].
I 'elieient size of an organ or part.

Aneilema [an-i-W '-mah\ [ova, up; tV/hiv, to roll]
Flatulence ; air or wind in the bowels; colic.

Anelectric [an-el-ek' -trik) [av priv. ; pAc/crpov, amber].
Readily giving up electricity.

Anelectrode ';' -trod) [ava, upward ; tyXeicrpw,

amber: path]. The positive pole of a gal-

vanic battery.

Anelectrotonic [an-el-ek-tro-ton* -tk\ [av priv. ; t//in-
- ..electricity; r6vog, tension]. Relating to anelec-
trotonus. A. Zone. See /

Anelectrotonos [an-el-ek-trof -o-nos) [av priv.; /y./,-

osion]. Anodal electrotonus.

Anelectrotonus [an-el-ek-trof '-o-nus) [av priv;

..electricity; r6vog, tension]. In electrotherapy,
the decreased functional activity that occurs in a nerve
in the neighborhood of the anode. See Electrotonui
and Cat nus.

Anel's Operation. See Operations, Table of. A.
Probe, ur Sound, a fine probe used in operations
upon the lachrymal passages. A. Syringe, a syringe
used in injecting fluids into the lachrymal passages.

Anelytrous [an-elf -it-rus) [av priv.; iXvrpov, shard].
In biology, with membranous wings, and no elytra.

Anematopoiesis [an-e-mat-o-poi-f-sis) [av priv. ;
atna, blood ; noiqavc, a making]. Deficient formation
of blood.

Anematosis, or Anaematosis [an-e-mat-o* -sis) [avaifia-
bloodless]. I. General, or idiopathic anemia ; the
morbid state or process that lead-, to anemia; that
diathesis that is associated with an anemic tendency.
2. Anemia dependent on want of development of the
red corpu-. les of the blood.

Anemia [an-e' -me-ah) [av priv. ; atua, blood]. Defi-
ciency of blood, or delii iency of the relative number
of its red corpuscles, the latter being the most genei
ally understood meaning and use of the term. It
may be general or local. Ischemia is a form of
local anemia, and is the result of mechanical in!
ference with the circulation of the affected part,
either from vaso-motor spasm, thrombosis, embolism,
or the action ol styptics. The cause of general am
mia is often obscure, or it may be due eithei to
an insufficient food-supply and tve drain or

blood-waste, or bom repeated hemorrhages or exhaust
ing discharges. The action of certain poisons, as
rcury and lead, will also produce a form of anemia.
Prolonged anemia will give rise to fatty degeneration
of the organs and tissues. Idiopathic, pernicious, es-

sential, progressiv -, malignant, eti ., are terms denoting

a type resisting all treatment and steadily progressing

to a fatal termination. A., Idiopathic, advances to a

il issue, and i- associated with febrile symptoms;

its causation is not evident; il is called also Primary

Anemia. A., Local. See Hyperemia, Ischemia, and

Anemia. A. lymphatica. Synonym of ffodgkin's

Disease. See Lymphadenoma. A., Primary. See

/ Idiopathic. A., Secondary, or Symptomatic,

follow- some ascertainable lesion or injury, or from

some other disease. A., Symptomatic. See /.,

<ndary.

Anemiate.or Anaemiate [an-e/ -me-&t) [av priv; a'ma,
blood]. Affected with anemia.

Anemiated, or Anaemiated [an-ef -me-a-ted"). See
. //.• •mic.

Anemied, or Anaemied [an-^-mid) [av priv. ; atua,
blood]. Anemic.

Anemic, or Anaemic [an-em'-ik, an-e'-mik) [av priv. ;
ti'uiii, blood]. Pertaining to anemia. A. Murmur, a
blood murmur, or sofi murmur heard at the base of
the heart ov< r the great vessels. A. Necrosis, a ne
< rosis or death oi scattered pati hes of the heart mus

cle, due to a want of nourishment. It arises from
atheroma occluding the cardiac arteries and their
branches.
Anemometer [an-e-mom/-et-er) [ave/ioc, wind; \tkrpm>,
a measure]. An instrument for measuring the velocity

of the wind.

Anemometry [an-e-mom' -et-re) [aveftoc, wind ;

a measure]. The art of measuring the velocitj and
direction of the wind, principally by mean- of the
anemom, I r.

Anemone [an-em/-o-ne) [avEfiitorj, wind flower]. An
important genus of ranunculaceous herb-, mosl of
which have active medicinal and poisonous qualities,
and some of which are used in medicine. See Pulsa-
tilla.

Anemonin [an-emf -o-nin) [avefi&vr/, wind-flower]. C15-
H1206. The active principle of the Anemone . It is
given in bronchiti-, asthma, and convulsive cough.
Dose gr. %-% twice daily.

Anemonol [an-em/-on-ol) [aveuinm, wind-flower ; oleum,
oil]. The volatile oil extracted bom anemone; it is
a powerful vesicant.

Anemophilous [an-em-offf-il-us] [dw/wc, wind ; o'/nr,
loving]. Depending for cross fertilization upon the
agency of the wind, as certain flowers.

Anemosis, or Anaemosis {<m em-o'-sis) [av priv. ;
atfia, blood]. Defective supply of blood; anemia
dependent on want of red blood corpuscles. See An-
ematosis.

Anemotrophy, or Anaemotrophy [an-em-of -ro-fe) [av
priv. ; atua, blood; rpotyfj, nourishment]. A defi( iency
of blood nourishment; an impoverished state of the

blood.

Anencephalia [an-en-sef-ar -le-ak) \_<ir priv. ; kyici(j>aA.oi ,
brain]. Congenital absence of the brain.

Anencephalic 1 nl'-ik) [av priv. ; /;/..•' on/ <»■,

brain]. Pertaining to or characterized by anencephalia.

Anencephalohemia [an-en-sef-al-o-he' -me-ah ) [av
priv.; / /,'o, />..!, brain; atfia, blood]. Insufficiency
of blood in the brain.

Anencephaloid [an en tf'-al-oid) [av priv. ; i]nt<paX-
... . brain]. Pertaining to anencephalia.

Anencephaloneuria [an-en-sef-al-on-u' '-re-ah) [av
priv ; .■',>. ■'•<!/ in . brain ; vevpov, a nerve]. Impel
■ \ e action of the brain.

Anencephalotrophia, or Anencephalotrophy [an en-
al-o-troJ '-fe-ah or -lof-ro-fe) [av priv.; kjKi<pa2.og,
brain ; Tpcxpf], nutrition]. Atrophy, or lack of nutri-
tion ol the brain.

AXi-;.\( KI'H u.us

79

ANES1 HETIC

Anencephalus {an-en-i f'-al-u i [av priv. ; eyici<paXog,
brain], i. A species of single autositic monsters in
which there is neither a trace of the brain nor a rudi-
mentary representative of it. 2. According to Saint
Hilaire, a variety of the above 5] i which tl

is extensive laying open ol the spinal canal with ab
sence of the spinal cord.
Anencephaly (an ■ >i -■■■/' al-e). See Anencephalia.
Anenergesia (an n > / ' ah \. See An » ■ ..ia.
Anenergia (an-en-er1 '-j'e-ah) [av priv.; kvepyeia, en

ergy]. Lack of vigor or power.
Anenteremia [an-en-ter-e' '-me-ah\ [av priv. ;

an intestine ; i/i-", blood]. Bloodless condition of
the howels.
Anenteroneuria (an en ter-o nu'-re ah i [av priv. ;
ivrepov, an intestine; vevpov, a nerve]. Intestinal
atony.
Anenterotrophia (an-en-ler-o-tr> I [av priv.;

£vrepov,an intestine; -poor/, nourishment ]. Defective
intestinal nutrition.
Anenterous (an en'-ter-us) [av priv, ; tov, intes

tine]. In biology, having no intestine, as a tapeworm
or a fluke.
Anepia {an-epZ-e-ah) [avemyc, speechless]. Inability

to speak.
Anepiploic (an-ep-ip-lo/-ik>) [av priv. ; iiriirXoav, the

caul]. Having no epiploon.
Anepithymia (an ep-e-lhim' '-e-ah ) [av priv. ;

desire]. Loss of any natural appetite.
Anerethisia [an-er-eth-iz' -e-ah\ [av priv.; kpedi^etv, to

excite]. Imperfect irritability, as of a muscle or in i v
Anergia (an-er' -je-aK) [av priv.; kpyov, work]. Slug-
gishness; inactivity.
Anergic [an-er'-jikS [av priv.; Spyov, work]. Char-
acterized by sluggishness ; as anergic dementia. A.
Stupor. See Insanity, Stuporous.
Aneroid (an'-er-oid) [a priv.; vr/poc, wet; eldog,
form]. Dispensing with a fluid, as quicksilver. A.
Barometer. See Barometer.
Anerythroblepsia (an er-ith-ro-blep* -se-ah}. Same as

. tnerythropsia.
Anerythroblepsy (aner' -ith-ro-blep-se). Same as An-

erythropsia.
Anerythropsia (an-er-ith-rop' '-se-aK) [av priv. ; kpv-
9p6g, red; m.'vc, sight]. Subnormal color perception
of red. See Blindness.
Anesis (an'-es-is) [avr.aiQ, remission]. An abatement

or relaxation in the severity of symptoms.
Anesthesia, or Anaesthesia [an-es-the/ -ze-ah ) [avaia-
thjnia, want of feeling]. A condition of insensibility
or loss of feeling due to pathological conditions of the
centers, conducting paths of the nerves, or the peri-
pheral terminations of the same, or to artificial pro-
duction by means of anesthetics. A., Bulbar or
Central, due to central disease. A., Crossed, anes-
thesia on one side of the organism, due to a central
lesion of the other side. A., Doll's Head, a form of
anesthesia extending over the head, neck, and upper
part of the chest. A. dolorosa, severe pain experi-
enced after the occurrence of complete motor and
sensory paralysis, a symptom observed in certain
diseases of the spinal cord. A., Local, of a limited
part of the body. A., Muscular, loss of the muscular
sense. A., Peripheral, depending upon conditions
of the end-organs of the nerves. A., Surgical, by
means of anesthetics for the purpose of preventing
pain, producing relaxation of muscles, or for diagnos-
tic purposes.
Anesthesimeter (an-es-thes-im'-et-er) [avausfh/oia, want
of feeling; uirpov, a measure]. An instrument to
measure the amount of an anesthetic administered in a
given time.

Anesthetic, or Anaesthetic {an es-thef-ik) [av priv. ;
aiod&veaOat, to feel]. A substance that produces in-
nsibility to feeling or to acute pain, diminished mus-
cular action, and othei phenomena. Anesthetics m iy
l><- general, local, partial and complete. A., General ;
the following an- tin- substances that have been used
for general anesthesia: Amylene, C5H10, a mobile
liquid, thin, colorless, translucent; action rapid, pro-
ducing partial anesthesia. It is used in Germany
under tin- name of Pental; it i- besl administered by
means oi Junker's inhaler, which i lifies its unplea-
sant odor; it should nol be brought near a flame.
Carbon Tetrachlorid, not so irritating to the
organs of respiration, but far more dangerous than
chloroform. Chlorai Hydrate, action indirect
and incomplete. Rarely, il ever, now used. Chloro-
form, by inhalation. Largely employed in general
surgery. It -rem- to have a selei tive ai tion upon the
nervous system, and also exercises a direct influ
upon the musi ulai tissues of the heart. It paralyzes
the vaso motoi system, and death results from cardiac
paralysis. Chloroform should always be administered
freely mixed with air. The Method <>/
mixtures, however, a- recommended by Clover, and
Bert, while admirable in theory, is not entirely pi
cal. The Lister Method, also known as the Scotch or
Open Method oi administering chloroform, consists in
] ouring a small amount of the anesthetic upon a com-
mon towel arranged in a square of -i\ folds, and hold-
ing this a- near to the face as can be borne without
inconvenience. Various inhalers have been devised
for the administration of chloroform, tin- best of which
are Clover's, which consists of a large bag capabl
containing a given volume of air, into which the vapor
of a given quantity of chloroform is allowed to enter,
the mixture being so arranged that the ten-ion of
chloroform vapor in the air i- maintained below 4.5
per cent; Junker1 .a- modified by Dudley Buxton,
which consists in the inhalation of air containing the
chloroform vapor, the latter being taken up by pump
ing the air through a bottle containing half an ou
of the anesthetic ; Krohne and Sesemann have modi-
fied the foregoing by doing away with the intermit-
tent, jerky delivery of the vapor and by adding to the
face-piece an expiration-valve guarded by a -titi
feather, which, rising in expiration and falling in in
spiration, registers the force and strength of respira-
tion {Feather respiration regist r) : San m's apparatus
is a modification of Sn . substituting a gutta-percha
covering for the cold water jacket of Snow; Sn
inhaler consists of a metallic cylindrical vessel, con
taining two coils of blotting paper, permitting free
circulation of air, and surrounded by another cylinder
containing water, the latter being for the purpose of
equalizing the temperature. S\> suiting from

chloroform administration should be treated by lower-
ing the head, artificial respiration, inhalation of nitrite
of amyl, electrical stimulation, and possibly acupunc-
ture of the heart. Ethene CHLORID, formerly called
ethylene chlorid, Dutch liquid, chloric ether, closely re-
sembles chloroform, but is le>s of a cardiac dep
sant. It is considered safer than chloroform. Death
results from paralysis of the respiratory center-.
ETHER, by inhalation, i- probably the safest known
agent for the production of prolonged narcosis. Its
action is directed largely to the nervous system, which
becomes profoundly affected. It frequently cau-rs
spasmodic action and suspension of respiratory action.
1 >eath results from paralysis of respiration. It may
be administered alone or in combination with nitrous
oxid gas, in which case the patient i> more rapidly
narcotized. A variety of inhalers have been devised

ANESTHETIC

-ip

ANESTHETIC

for its administration, as follows: Affix's is probably
the best form of open inhaler. It consists of a metal
frame, so arranged that a flannel bandage can be
stretched across and the whole surrounded with a
leather case, which acts as a face piece. Clover' s port-
able ether inhaler consists of a dome-shaped receptacle
pierced by a central shaft connecting with a rubber
bag into which the patient breathes. Moving with the
face-piece i- a metal indicator to register the amount
of ether admitted. A water chamber surrounds the
ether vessel to regulate the temperature. '/'he Cone is
much used in America. A towel i- folded into the
shape of a cone, a sponge is placed at the apex, and
the ether poured upon tlii-. Hewitt's apparatus may
be used for giving gas and ether. In his inhaler the
inspiratory and expiratory valves are placed in a little
chamber near the face piece; a free draught of air is
permitted. Onnsl'v s inhaler consists of a leather
face piece, crowned with a cone-shaped wire cage
covered with leather and joined to a soft leather I
covered by a loose net to prevent excessive expansion.
The wire cage contains a sponge on which the ether
is poured. Rendle adds to a cone containing a flan-
nel cap a mask for the face. Rectal etherization may
be resorted to in operations about the face and throat.
The ether vapor is introduced into the bowel, the pro-
- taking longer for complete anesthetization than
by tile usual method. E rHIDENE CHLORID is similar
in its action to chloroform. Patients take a longer
time to recover consciousness than when chloroform
1- used, but they experience fewer after-effects, and re-
cover rapidly. Anesthetization occurs in three to five
minute-. HYDROBROMIC Ether [bromid of ethyl)
produces unconsciousness and anesthesia in one
minute, and complete muscular relaxation in two or
three minute-. The heart's action is somewhat
weakened. Return to consciousness after withdrawal
of the ether i- very prompt. It- use may be followed
by vomiting. According to some observers, death re-
sist- from cardiac failure, while others believe it kills
by direct action upon the respiratory center. It is best
administered by an Alii- inhaler, and is of most service
in minor surgery for short operations. NITROUS < )XID,
by inhalation, i- much used by dentists for extraction
of teeth. The symptoms resemble those of asphyxia,
hence it i- more important to watch the respiration
than the pulse. It may be employed in minor surgical
operations. There are but few after-effects, those
most often observed being headache and malaise.
/•ler/'s method of administering nitrous oxid consists
in giving it in conjunction with oxygen under pres-
sure; by this method the administration maybe pro-
longed indefinitely. Clover's (las and Ether Inhaler
i- intended for the administration of a mixture of
thi se anesthetics; it is so arranged that gas can be
given alone, or in combination with the ether.
Hurt n's apparatus i- used for the administration of
ga- only, and possesses a special contrivance to filter
the air. Fontaine1 i chamber is an apparatus devised
to keep the patient under an atmospheric pressure
equal to 20 inches mercury, so that the vapor inhaled
would be 50 per cent, ga- and 50 per cent, air, and
asphyxia thus be prevented. The employment of
supplemental bags has been advocated by Braine. The
patient breathes into these bags, the gas supply being
turned off and the expiratory valve closed. It is
claimed that this method produces a more prolonged
period of unconsciousness. Various accessory instru-
ments are needed in the use of gas, such as gag-,
mouth opener-, and mouth prop-, spoons, etc. A.,
Local, an anesthetic that, locally applied, produces
absence of sensation in the organ or tissue so treated.

ALCOHOL, locally, remove- sensation to pain, while
tactile sense persists. Cool the alcohol to about io0
below the freezing point, by placing it in ice and salt,
and place the part to be numbed in it. Bisi LPHID
of Carbon, bj spray or irrigation, has a disgusting
odor, and is a powerful poison. CARBOLIC Ann,
painted over the skin — its action, however, is caustic.
CHLORETHYL, in vapor form, is useful in minor and
dental surgery. Chlorid of Methyl, ( 1 1 ..< '1, al
lowing the liquid chlorid to drop on the skin or mucous
membrane. I nless kept carefully under control the
vitality of the tissues maybe affected. Co« \i\ is
used in subcutaneous injection.-, by painting over mu-
cous surfaces, or by instillation into the eye. As a
paint a 20 per cent solution is used, weaker prepara-
tions being of little value over cutaneous surfaces ;
several coats are necessary. A 10 per cent, solution
should be used on mucous surfaces ; for the eye a 4
per cent, solution will answer, and this solution is
strong enough when cocain is employed as a sprav.
Hypodermatic-ally, rnjj-v of a 10 to 20 per cent.
solution are usually injected, and this may be repeated
two or three time- during the operation. DRUMIN is
oxalate of lime prepared from a euphorbiaceous plant.
It was formerly suggested as a local anesthetic, but has
been found not to possess anesthetic properties.
ETHER, in spray, is recommended by Dr. B. W.
Richardson. The anesthesia thus produced is con-
fined to the skin, and is very transient. It may pro
duce a slough from excessive freezing. FARADII
Currents were formerly used by dentists, but are of
no value. R.HIGOLENE, in spray, its use being similar
to that of ether. A. Mixtures contain combinations
of substances for producing anesthesia. The follow-
ing are the most important : A. C. E. MIXTURE: —
alcohol, sp. gr. .838, I part; chloroform, sp. gr. 1. 497,
2 parts; ether, sp. gr. .735, 3 parts. BlLLROTH's :
— chloroform 3 parts, alcohol and ether each I
part. It is best administered by the open method.
LlNHART'S : — alcohol 1, chloroform 4. It is admin-
istered similarly to chloroform. MARTINDALE'S : —
a volumetric mixture, the ingredients of which evap-
orate almost uniformly ; it consists of absolute alcohol,
sp. gr. .795, one volume ; chloroform, sp. gr. 1. 498,
two volumes ; pure ether, sp. gr. .720, three volumes.
Medico-Chirurgical Society ok London : — ether
3, chloroform 2, alcohol I. METHYLENE, or Bl-
CHLORID OF METHYLENE, a mixture of methylic
alcohol 30 per cent. , and chloroform 70 per cent. The
so-called "Liquid of Regnauld" consisted of 80 per
cent, chloroform, 20 per cent, methylic alcohol.
Methylene is not much used, several deaths from car-
diac paralysis having occurred from its employment.
NUSSBAUM'S, ether 3, chloroform 1, alcohol 1.
RICHARDSON'S: — alcohol 2, chloroform 2, ether 3.
SANFORD's : — the so-called " CHLORAMYL " is a mix-
ture of chloroform and amyl nitrate in the proportion of
two drachms of the nitrate to the pound of chloro-
form. It is a dangerous mixture, both drugs depress-
ing the heart. VIENNA GENERAL HOSPITAL : — ether
9, chloroform 30, alcohol 9. VIENNA MIXTURE; —
ether 3, chloroform I. VON MERING'S : — chloroform
one volume, dimethylacetal two volumes. It is said
to produce no failure of respiration or heart, and no
lowering of the blood pressure. WachsmuTH'S : —
one-fifth part of oil of turpentine is added to the
chloroform. It is said to prevent any danger of heart-
failure. *

Various methods have been suggested by mean- of
which the influence of the anesthetic maybe prolong
or its dangers and sequeke largely averted. 1 h ■ follow-
ing are the most important : — I >ASTR] MORAT'S; con-

ANESTHETIC "ISM

81

ANGEIO-

sists in the injection of I or 1.5 c.c. of the following
mixture: — morph. hydrochlor. 10 centigrm., atropin.
sulph. 5 milligrm. , aq. destill. 10 grms. The atropin
is said to lessen the after-sickness and abrogate saliva-
tion and bronchial secretion. FoRNE'S: — the prelimi-
nary administration of chloral before using chloroform,
2 to 5 grams an hour before. KAPPELER'S: — a com-
bination of chloral hydrate and ether, 40 grains of the
former. The duration of anesthesia is prolonged and
the recovery retarded, but the after-effects are more
marked. NUSSBAUM'S: — injection of \ to \ grain of
morphin previous to the administration of chloroform.
Less of the anesthetic is needed, while the stupor is
prolonged; vomiting is increased. OBALINSKl'S: —
hypodermatic injection of cocain, 2 to 5 centigram-,
of a three per cent, solution during chloroform anes-
thetization. Trelat'S: — administration of 2 to 4^
grams of chloral hydrate, and 10 to 20 grams of
syrup of morphin in 00 gram-, of water, repeating the
dose in 15 minutes, and following by chloroform anes-
thesia.

Attempts have repeatedly been made to estimate
the comparative safety of the various anesthetics used
for the production of general anesthesia. In 1879 the
"GLASGOW COMMITTEE " of the British Medical As-
sociation concluded in favor of ether, declaring that
chloroform lowered the blood tension and depressed
the action of the heart. In 1SS9 the HYDERABAD
COMMISSION arrived at the conclusion that chloroform
produced an arrest of respiration before there was a
stoppage of the heart. It i> thought, however, that
the climate — that of India — may have had some effect
in producing this result, since in temperate climates
the heart usually fails before there is a depression of
respiration.

Anestheticism (an-es-tket'-is-iztri) [avaioOT/roc, insensi-
ble]. The quality of being anesthetic.

Anesthetization [an-es-thet-iz-a' -shun) [uva!adrjToc, in-
sensible]. The process of rendering insensible.

Anesthetize {an-es'-thet-'iz) [avaladijTog, insensible].
To put under the influence of an anesthetic.

Anesthetizer (an'-es-thet-i-zer) [avaiodr/roc;, insensible].
( >ne who administers an anesthetic.

Anethol (an'-eth-ol) [ava, up; aiOecp, to burn; oleum,
oil], C10H12O. The methyl ether of anol ; it occurs in
ethereal oils, from which it separates in the cold in the
form of white, shining scales, melting at 21° and boiling
at 2320. It is the chief constitutent of the essential oils
of anise and fennel. It is employed in preparing the
Elixir anethi, N. F. , being more fragrant and agree-
able than the anise oil.

Anathum (an-e'-thuni) \hvrfiov, anise : gen., Anetki~\.
Dill ; the dried fruit of Peucedanum graveolens, indig-
enous to Southern Europe. Aromatic, carminative,
and stimulant. A. Aqua (B. P.). Dose ,^i-ij. A.
Oleum (B. P.). Dose tr^ i-iv.

Anetic (an-et'-ik) [averi/toc, relaxing]. Soothing;
calmative ; anodyne.

Anetiological (an-e-te-o-loj' -ik-al) \av priv. ; airia,
cause; Adyog, word]. Having no known cause ; dys-
teleological.

Anetus (an'-et-us) [di'croe, loosened]. Any inter-
mittent fever.

Aneuria (an-u' '-re-ah) [a priv. ; vevpov, a nerve or
fiber]. Lack of nervous power or stimulus.

Aneuric (an-u'-rik) [d priv. ; vevpov, a nerve or
fiber]. Characterized by aneuria; impairing the
nervous activity.

Aneurysm [anf-u-rizvi) [avevpvofia, a widening]. A
tumor consisting of a dilated artery, or communicat
ing with an artery. In the early stages there is an
expansile pulsation of the tumor generally associated
6

with a systolic murmur or bruit. In the later stages
the laminated coagulum increases, so that pulsation
may be absent, and pressure of the growing aneurysm
upon the adjacent organs may give rise to secondary
troubles, as pain, dyspnea, dysphagia, paralysis, or
spasm. Inequality in the pupils follows from pressure
on the sympathetic in thoracic aneurysm. Aneu-
rysm maybe caused by rupture, wounding, disease, or
weakness of the arterial walls, or by increased blood
pressure follow ing over-exertion. Embolism also may
be a cause; gout and alcoholism act as predisposing
cause--. Cardiac dilatation is sometimes spoken of as
aneurysm of the heart. A., Abdominal, oni
the abdominal aorta. A. by Anastomosis, a dila-
tation of a large number of vessels — small arteries,
veins, and capillaries — the whole forming a pulsating
tumor under the skin. 1 his form of aneurysm is es-
pecially seen upon the scalp. A., Arterio-venous,
the formation of an abnormal communication between
an artery and a vein. If the communication is direct
it is termed aneurysmal varix, but when there is an
intervening sac it is called a varicose aneurysm. A.,
Berard's, a varicose aneurysm with the sac in the
ti.-^ues immediately around the vein. A., Cirsoid, a
tortuous lengthening and dilatation of a part of an
artery. A., Compound, one in which one or several
of the coals of the artery are ruptured and the others
merely dilated. A. .Consecutive, or Diffused, follow.-,
rupture of all the arterial coats with infiltration of sur-
rounding tissues. A., Dissecting, when the blood
forces its way between the media and adventitia. A.,
Ectatic, an expansion of a portion of an artery due
to yielding of all the coats. It is merely a dilatation
of the vessel. A., Endogenous, one formed by
disease of the vessel walls. A., Exogenous, one due
to traumatism. A., False, or Spurious, one in
which there has occurred a rupture of all the coat-.
and the effused blood is retained by the surrounding
tissues. A., Fusiform, a spindle shaped dilatation
of the artery. A., Medical, an internal aneurysm ;
i. t\ , one situated within the thoracic or abdominal
cavity. A., Mixed. See A., Compound. A., Sac-
culated, a sac-like dilatation of an artery communi-
cating with the main arterial trunk by an opening that
may be relatively large or small. A., Park's, a variety
of arterio-venous aneurysm in which the arterial dila-
tation communicates with two contiguous veins. A.,
Pott's. Same as Aneurysmal Varix. A., Rod-
rigues's. a varicose aneurysm in which the sac is im-
mediately contiguous to the artery. A., Spurious.
See A. , False. A., Verminous, one containing hema-
tozoa.
Aneurysmal [an-u-riz' '-mat) [avevpvaua, a widening].
Of the nature of or pertaining to an aneurysm. A.
Varix. See Aneurysm.
Aneurysmatic (an-u-riz-mat' -ik) [avevpwfia, a widen-
ing]. Affected with or of the nature of aneurysm.
Aneuthanasia [an-u-than-a '-ze-ah\ [d priv. ; evdavaoia,

an easy death]. A painful or difficult death.
Anfract (aii'-frafct) [anfractus, a winding]. An anfrac-
tuosity or sinuosity ; an anfractuous organ or structure.
Anfractuose [an-jfrak' -tu-os) [anfractus, a winding].
In biology, bent back and forth, winding, as certain
5t aniens, or the brain fissures.
Anfractuosity (an-frak-tu-os'-it-e') [anfractus, a bend-
ing round]. Any one of the furrows or sulci between
the cerebral convolutions.
Anfractuous [an-frak' '-lu-us) [anfractus, a bending
round]. Characterized by windings and turnings;
sinuous.
Angeiectasis {an-je-ek'-tas-is). See Angiectasis.
Angeio- [anr-j -o). See Angio-.

W,l I !■ At ID

B2

A.NGK >\n ilk

Angelic Acid See / id.

Angelica ¥-ik-ah) [L.l. The seeds and root of

Kcinalis and other species. An aro
made stimulant and emmenagogue. Dosi "t the fid.
ext. : Seeds IT^ v— x j ro,>t - -- j. Unof.

Angel's Wing A deformit) of the

scapula in which it turns forward and dun backward,
giving the shoulder a peculiar dorsal bulge, as in a
ilii ide chest.

Anger's Operation. See Operations, Table

Angiectasis ian-je-ek'-tas-is) [ay blood-vessel;

. dilatation]. Abnormal dilatation of a vi -
as in aneurysm, etc. ; enlargement of capillaries.

Angiectopia [an-je-ek-to^-pe-ah) [u, . a vessel;

•laced]. Displacement or abnormal posi
tion of a « es

Angielcus, or Angeielcus [an-je-el' -kus) [a;

vessel; ifacog, an ulcer]. An ulcer in the walls of a
vessel.

Angiemphraxis [an-je-em-Jraks' -is) [ayyelov, a vessel;
, obstruction]. < Obstruction of a vessel, or of
vessels.

Angiitis, or Angeiitis {an-je-if -tis) [ayyelov, a ves
- . inflammation]. Inflammation of a lymph vessel
or blood v essi I.

Angina [an'-jin-ah or an-ji'-nah) [angere, to stran-
gle]. A sense of choking or suffocation, a symptom
of inflammatory affections of the pharynx. It is
synonymous with Cynanche. A. acuta or simplex,
simple sore-throat. A. externa. Synonym of
Mump.;. A., Hogskin. Synonym of Diphtheria.
A. laryngea. Synonym of Laryngitis. A. lin-
gualis. Same as Glossitis. A., Ludwig's, acute
suppurative inflammation of the connective tissue sur-
rounding the submaxillary gland. A. membranacea.
Synonym of Croup. A. parotidea, the mumps, or
•otitis, i/. v. A. pectoris, a paroxysmal neurosis
with intense pain and oppression about the heart. It
usually occurs in the male after forty years of age, and
is generally associated with diseased conditions of the
heart and aorta. There is a sense of impending
death, and frequently there is a fatal termination. A.
pectoris-vasomotoria, a term given by Xothnagel
and Landois to an angina a 1 with vaso-motor

disturbances, coldness of the surface, etc., but never
resulting fatally. A., Pseudo-, is a neurosis occurring
in young anemic females, characterized l>v a less grave
set of symptoms and never resulting fatally. A.
simplex. See A. acuta. A. tonsillaris, Quinsy, q. v.
A. trachealis, the Croup, </. v. A. ulcero-mem-
branous. See Tonsillitis, herpetic.

Anginoid {an' '-jin-oid) [anger, , to strangle]. Re-
sembling angina.

Angioasthenia [an-j'e-o-as-the/-ne-ah) [a] yelov, a vessel;
aodeveia, weakness]. Atony of the blood-vessels.

Angiocarditis [an-je-o-kar-di' '-tis) [a a Mood

)S'ta, the heart; trig, inflammation]. \.n
inflammation of the heart and blood-vessels (hypothet-
ical).

Angiocarpous [an* ' -je-o-kar-pus) [ayyelov, a vessel;

-<" , fruit]. In biology, having the fruit invested

with a distinct covering or husk; having a closed

apothecium ; having the hymeniuin inclosed by the

sporocarp.

Angiochalasis, or Angeiochalasis [an-je-o-kaV
[ayyelov, a vessel; xdXaoig, relaxation]. Dilatation
or relaxation of the blood vessels.

Angiocholitis (an-ji o-ko-W '-tis) [&; i vessel;

KD~A.ii, bile; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
biliary dint-.

Angioderma pigmenotosum [an-je-o-der* -mah pi\r-
men-to'-sum). See Atrophoderm

Angiodiastasis di-as* -tas-is) [ay] "..a vessel;

Lseparation], i. Displacement or dilatation
of a vessel. J. Retraction of the severed ends of a
Mood vessel.

Angioembolus {an-je-o-emf -bo-lus) [ayyelov, a vessel;
loXoc, anything thrown in]. A plug (as of clotted
bio, id i in a vessel,

Angiogenesis {an-je-o-jen' -es-is). See Angiogeny.

Angiogeny | ■ I el; yew6-

eiv, to produce]. The development of the vessels.

Angioglioma {an-je-o-gli-of-mah) [ayyelov, a vessel;
yXia, glue; b/m, a tumor: pi., Angiogliomatdj. A
gliomatous vascular tumor of the spinal cord

Angiograph {an' -je-o-graf) [ayyelov, a vessel; yp>
to write] A form of sphygmograph invented by Lan-
dois.

Angiography [an-je-og* -ra-fe) [ayyelov, a vessel;
ypatyi, a writing]. A description of the vessel-;
angiolog]

Angiohemothrombus {an-je-o-hem-o-throm' -bus) [<i; -
yelov, a vessel; alua, blood; 0p6fi(3or, thrombus]. A
clot in a blood-vessel.

Angiohydrology (an-je-o-ki-drolr-o-je) [ayyelov, a ves
sel ; i ('(,//), water; 7i6yoe, science]. The science of
the lymphatic vessels, their contents, etc.

Angiokeratoma [an-je-o-ker-at-o' -mah) [ayyelov, a ves-
sel; hifiac, horn; bua, tumor]. Lymphangiectasis ;
Telangiectic warts; a very ran- disease of the ex-
tremities characterized by warty looking growths that
develop on dilated vessels in persons with chilblain,
etc. Dark spots the size of pins' points or pins'
heads, evidently vascular, develop as an attack of
chilblains is subsiding. The disease is peculiai to
childhood, and especially occurs in females.

Angioleucitis [an-je-o-lu-si' -tis) [ayyelov, a v<
Hevabg, white; trig, inllanimation]. Inflammation of
the lymphatic vessels.

Angiolithic (an-je-o-lith' '-ik) [ayyelov, a vessel; ><';'»,
a stone]. Literally, a qualification applied to a vascu-
lar and crystalline formation. Practically applied to
neoplasms in which crystalline or mineral deposit- take
place, with hyaline degeneration of the coats of the
vessels.

Angiology [an-je-ol' -o-je) [ayyelov, a vessel; \6yog,
science]. The science of the blood-vessels and lym-
phatics.

Angiolymphitis (an-je-o-limf-i' -tis) [ayyelov, a vessel;
lympha, lymph; trig, inflammation]. Same as An
gioleucitis.

Angiolymphoma {an-je-o-limf-of -mah ) [a; ; i van-, a ves-
sel; lympha, water; bua, tumor: pi. , Angiolympho-
mata~\. A tumor formed of lymphatic vessels.

Angioma [an-je-o' '-mah) [ayyelov, a vessel; bfia, a
tumor: pi. , Angiomata\. A tumor formed of blood-
vessels. Called also Erectile or Vascular Tumor.
A., Cavernous, with communicating alveolar spa
S,-e Varix, Cirsoid. Capillary and venous angiomata
are called Nevi, or Mothers' Marks. A., Cystic.
Synonym of Lymphangioma circumscriptum. A., In-
fective. See A. serpiginosum. A. pigmentosum
atrophicum. See Xeroderma pigmentosum. A.
serpiginosum, infective angioma; nevus lupus;
a very rare disease of the skin in which minute vascu
lar points are formed in rings or other groups, that
read at thi borders, while fresh points are continu
ally developing beyond them. The points look like
grain- - Qe pepper. It occurs usually in girls,

but its etiology and pathology are unknown.

Angiomalacia [an-je-o-mal-a' '-se-ah) [ayyelov, a ves-
sel ; uii'/ai.ni, a softening]. Softening of the bl<

■'I-.

Angiometer [an-je-om* '-et-er). See Sphygmograph.

ANGN >MON< »SPERM(

R3

ANGLE

Angiomonospermous (a// j o mon o-sper'-mus) [<i;

yeiov, a vessel ; //('nor, alone; oireppa, seed]. In bi

ology, producing seeds within a closed ovary.
Angiomyoma, or Angimyoma [an je-o mi <■' mah or

an-je-mi-o' -mah) [ayyeiov, a vessel; uvg, a muscle;

6/ia, a tumor: pi. , Angiomyomata~\. A vascular and

erectile muscular tumor.
Angioneoplasm [an- je-o-ne/-o-plazm). v

plasma.
Angioneoplasma [an-je-o-ne-o-pldz' -mah) [ayyeiov, a

vessel; we«Jc, new; -'/noun, moulded substance: //.,

Angioneoplasmata\ A neoplasm made up of blood

vessels or lymph-vessels.
Angioneurosin [an-je-o-nu'-ro-sin). Synonym of

Nitroglycerin.
Angioneurosis [an-je-o-nu-ro'-sts) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

vevpov, a nerve]. A neurosis of the blood vessels; a

disturbance of the vasomotor system, — a symptom of

many diseases.
Angio-neurotic [an-je-o-nu-rof -ik) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

vevpov, a nerve]. Pertaining to angioneurosis. A.

Edema, a swelling, with associated symptoms, proba

bly due to vaso-motor lesion.
Angionoma [an-je-on' -o-mah) [ayyeiov, a vessel;.

ulcer]. Ulceration of a vessel.
Angioparalysis [an-je-o-pai '-al'-is-is) [a . a vessel ;

irapa? vetv, to disable on one side]. Vaso-motor paralysis.
Angioparalytic [an-je-o-par-al-iP -ik) [<r yelov, a vessel ;

wapakvt .. to disable on one side]. Relating to or

characterized by angioparalysis.
Angioparesis [an-je-o-par1 '-es-is) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

napeoig, a letting go]. Paresis or partial paralysis of

the vaso-motor apparatus.
Angiopathy [an-je-op1 '-a-the) [ayyeiov, a vessel ; —ddog,

disease]. Any disease of the vascular system.
Angioplania [an-je-o-pla' '-ne-ah) [ayyeiov, a ves-el ;

Tr'/Avy, a wandering]. Irregularity or abnormality in

the course of a vessel.
Angioplastic [an-je-o-plas'-tik). See Vasifactive.
Angiorrhagia or Angeiorrhagia [an-je-or-a' -je-ah)

[(); ; etov, a vessel ; pi/} virvat, break]. Bleeding from a

vessel.
Angiorrhea [an-je-or-e' '-ah) [</; yelov, a vessel ; pen. to

how]. An oozing of blood.
Angiorrhexis [an-je-o-reks' -is) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

pi'iiig, a bursting]. Rupture of a blood-vessel.
Angiosarcoma [an-je-o-sar-ko' -mah) [ayyeiov, a vessel ;

odpi;, flesh; bua, a tumor: pi. , Angiosarcomatal. A

vascular sarcoma.
Angiosarcomatous [an-je-o-sar-ko' -mat-us) [ayyeiov,

a vessel; adpi, flesh; b/ua, a tumor]. Of the nature

of or affected with angiosarcoma.
Angioscope {an'-je-o-skop) [ayyeiov, a vessel ; mcoirelv,

to inspect]. An instrument for examining the capillary

vessels.
Angiosialitis [an-je-o-si-al-i'-tis) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

om'/ov, saliva ; irtf, inflammation]. Inflammation of

the duct of a salivary gland.
Angiosis [an-je-o' -sis) [ayyeiov, a vessel]. Any disease

of blood-vessels or lymphatics.
Angiospasm [an' ' -je-o-spazm) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

G-aaiior, a spasm]. A convulsive neurosis of the

blood-vessels ; a vaso-motor spasm.
Angiospastic [an-je-o-spas'-tik) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

a-aauor, spasm]. Characterized by or of the nature

of angiospasm.
Angiosperm [an' ' -je-o-sperm) [a; ye'urv, a vessel ; cnrip/ia,

seed]. In biology, a plant the seeds of which are pro-
duced within a closed vessel.
Angiosporous [an-je-os' '-po-rus) [ayyeiov, a vessel;

a-opor, a seed]. In biology, producing spores or asci

within a hollow receptacle, said of fungi.

Angiostegnosis iatije-o-steg-no' -sis) [ayyeiov, a ve--> 1 ;
OTryvuoig, stoppage]. Stoppage or constriction of a
\-f ssel.

Angiostegnotic [an je-o ileg not* ik) | ssel ;

i r, stoppage]. Relating to angiostegno
tringent; causing contraction of blood-vessels.

Angiostenosis [an ■ ''-sis) [a] i vessel;

artvcMTig, a straitening], ' onstriction or narrowing of
a \ essel.

Angiostomatous [an je-o /■' mat us) [ayyeiov, a
sel ; GTopa, mouth]. In biology, having the mouth
or opening narrow or not dilatable.

Angiostrophe [an-je-os' -tro-fe) [ayyeiov, a ves
oTpooij, twist]. Torsion of a vessel, a.^ for the control
of hemorrhage.

Angiotasis [an-je-ot'-as-is) \ . a vessel; raaig,

tension]. The tension of the vessels.

Angiotatic [an-je-ot-af '-ik) [ayyeiov, a vessel; raaig,
tension]. Relating to angiotasis.

Angiotelectasia [an-je-o-tel-ek-ta' '-zc-ah) [ayyeio

sel; r«Aoc, end; eicraaig, dilatation]. Dilatation of
capillary vessels.

Angiotomy [an-je-of -o-me) [ayyeiov, a vessel; rd/ty, a
cutting]. The incision or dissection of a vessel.

Angle [ang'-gl) or Angulus [ang* -gu-lus) [angulu .
an angle]. The degree of divergence of two lines
that meet each other; the space between two such
lines. A. a., that one of Lissauer's angles between
the radius fixus and a line joining the alveolar and
subnasal points. A. of Aberration. See ./. of 1>
viation. A., Ackermann's, certain angles, character-
istic of kyphosis, which mark the base of the skull in
( ases of encephalocele and hydrocephalus ; for
ample, the occipito-sphenoidal angle is abnormally
sharp. A., Acromial, that formed between the head
of the humerus and the clavicle. A., Alpha. I. In
optics, that formed by the intersection of the visual
line and optic axis. 2. In craniometry, that one of
Lissauer's angles between the radius fixus and a line
joining the hormion and subnasal point. A., Al-
veolar, that formed between a line passing through a
spot beneath the nasal spine and the most prominent
1 1. >int of the lower edge of the alveolar process of the
superior maxilla and the cephalic horizontal line.
A., Alveolo-condylar. See A., Orbito-alveolo-
dylar. A., Anterior (of Ilium). See . /., External [of
Ilium). A., Anterior (of Scapula). See A.,
vical [of Scapula). A., Anterior Parietal. See
A., Parietal [of Quatrefages). A.. Antero-external
(of Ischium), in veterinary anatomy, the posterior
extremity of the supracotyloid crest. A., Antero-
internal iof Ischium i, in veterinary anatomy, the
portion of the ischium that helps to close the obtu-
rator foramen inwardly. A. of Aperture, in optics,
that included between two lines joining the oppo-
site points of the periphery of a lens and the focus.
A.. Auricular, in craniometry, those cephalic angles
having their apices at Broca's auricular point. A..
Auriculo-cranial, in craniometry, the auricular an
whose sides pass through the cranium. A., Auriculo-
facial, in craniometry, those auricular angle.- v.
sides pass through the face. A., Auriculo-frontal.
See A., Frontal. A., Auriculo-occipital, in cranio-
metry, the combined sub-occipital and supra-occipital
angle.-. A., Auriculo-parietal. See ./., Parietal
Broca). A. b., that one of Lissauer's angle- in-
cluded between the radius rixus and a line joining the
bregma and nasion. A.. Barclay's. See ./.. Urifa-
cial. A., Basifacial, in craniometry, that betw
the basi-cranial and basifacial axes. A., Basilar, in
craniometry, that between the naso-basilar and basi-
alveolar lines. A., Beta, that one of Lissauer's angles

am;i i:

-i

ANG1 I

included between the radius fixus and a line joining
the hormion and bregma. A., Bi-orbital. in optic -,
that formed by the intersection of the axes of tin-
orbit-. A., Broca's See ./., Facial, A., Occipital,
ami./...' A. c, that one of Lissauer's angles

included between the radius fixus and a line joining
the lambda and opisthion. A., Camper's. Sec./.,
Facial, and A., Maxillary. A., Carpal, in biology,
the bend of the wing. A., Cephalic, in craniom
etry, a general term for the cranial and facial angles.
A., Cerebellar. See A., . n'tal. A., Cerebral,

i. In craniometry, that formed b) the frontal, Broca's
parietal, and the supra-occipital angles. 2. See ./.
of Segond. A., Cervical iof Scapula), in veterin-
ary anatomy, the point of union >>i the anterior and
superior borders of the scapula. A., Chi, that one
of Lissauer's angles included between two line> run-
ning from the hormion to the basion and staphylion.
A., Cloquet*s. See A., Facial. A., Condylar, that
between the planes of the basilar groove and the occi-
pital foramen. A., Co-orbital, in craniometry, that
formed by the crossing of the anatomical plane of the
head by the bi-orbital plane. A., Coracoscapular,
in biology, that between the axes of the coracoid
and scapula. A., Coronofacial (of Gratiolet), in
craniometry, the angle that the facial line of Cam-
per forms with the plane passing through the coronal
suture. A., Costal. See A., Subcostal. A., Coty-
loid, in veterinary anatomy, the portion of the ilium
included between the cotyloid foramen anil the supra-
cotyloid crest. A., Cotyloidean. See .-/. , Antero-
external [of Ischium). A., Cranial, in craniometry,
angles corresponding to the auricular angles, but having
their apices at the anterior border of the occipital fora-
men. A., Craniofacial (of Ecker). See^., Meta-
facial. A., Craniofacial 1 of Huxley 1, in craniometry.
that formed at the middle of the anterior border of
the jugum sphenoidale by lines drawn from the basion
and nasal spine. A.. Critical, that made by a beam
of light passing from a rarer to a denser medium, with
the perpendicular, without being entirely reflected.
A. of Cuvier. See .-/., Facial. A. of Daubenton.
A., Occipital. A., Deschamps's. See A., Inio-
facial. A. of Deviation. 1. In botany, that formed
by a leaf, branch, or root with the axis upon which
it is borne. 2. In magnetism, the angle traversed
by the needle when disturbed bysome magnetic force.
}. In optic-., that formed by a refracted ray and the pro
longation of the incident ray. A. of Divergence, in
botany, that formed between succeeding organs in the
same spiral or whorl. A., Dorsal (of Scapula), in
veterinary anatomy, the junction of the superior and
posterior borders of the scapula. A. of Durer. See
A., Facial. A., Ecker's. See A. . Sphenoidal and A. ,
Craniofacial. A. of Elevation, in optics, that made
by the visual plain; with its primary position when moved
upward or downward. A., Ephippial (Welcker's).
See ./., Sphenoidal. A., Ethmocranial. See A. ,
Olfactory. A., External (of Ilium), in veterinary
anatomy, the anterior superior spine of the ilium.
A.. External (of Mulder), in craniometry, that pro-
duced by the junction of Camper's line and a line
joining tin- basi-occipital bone and tin- nasion. A.,
External (of Pubes), in veterinary anatomy, the por-
tion of the pubic bone constituting the chief part of
the cotyloid cavity. A. of the Eye. See Can thus.
A. f., that one of Lissaui les included between

the radius fixus and a line joining the inion and o]
thion. A., Facial (of Broca). See .-/. , Ophryo-
spinal Facial. A., Facial (of Camper), in cranio-
m< try, that between the facial line of Camper and the
line drawn through the auricular and subnasal points.

A., Facial (of Cloquet), in craniometry, that be-
tween the line drawn through the ophrvon and the
alveolar point and the auricular alveolar line. A.,
Facial (of Cuvier). See ./., Facial [of Geoffrey
St. Hilaire). A., Facial tof Durer), in crani-
ometry, that forme. I by a line tangent to the brow and
the lobule ol the UOSe and a line joining I he lobe of the
ear and the lower part of the nasal septum. A.,
Facial (of Jacquart), in craniometry, that between
the line joining the subnasal point and the glabella and
the line joining the subnasal and auricular points.
A., Facial (of Segond). See A. of Segond. A.,
Facial (of Geoffroy St. Hilaire), in craniometry,
that between the facial line of Camper and the line
joining tin- auricular point and the edge of the incisors.
A., Facial (of Topinard.) See A., Ophryo-spinal
Facial. A., Facial (of Virchow and Holder), in
craniometry, that formed by the union of a line joining
the naso-frontal suture and the most prominent point
of the lower edge of the superior alveolar processes,
and a line joining the superior border of the external
auditory meatus and the lower border of the orbit.
A., Fick's, in craniometry, one formed by the inter-
section of the basilar groove, and a line joining the
symphysis menti and the basion. A., Frontal, in
craniometry, one formed by lines joining the auricular
point and the ophrvon and bregma. In ornithology,
that formed between the forehead and the upper mar-
gin of the beak. A., Frontal (of Lissauer), that
one included between lines joining the metopion and
the bregma and nasion. A., Fronto-glabellar, the
degree of inclination of the forehead. A., Gamma,
in optics, that formed at the center of rotation of the
eyes by the optic and visual axes. A., Genal, in
biology, the posterior angle of the movable gena of
trilobites. A., Gratiolet's. See A. , Coronofacial.
A., Humeral (of the Scapula), in veterinary anat-
omy, a name given to the head of the shoulder blade.
A., Huxley's. See A. , Craniofacial. A. i., that one
of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus
and a line joining the posterior border of the incisor
foramen and the alveolar point. A., Ilio-ischial,
that between the ischium and the cotylo-sacral rib of
the ilium. A., Ilio-pubic, in veterinary anatomy,
that existing between the ilium and pubes. A., Ilio-
vertebral, that existing between the iliac bones and
the spinal column. A. of Incidence, in optics, the
angle at which a ray of light strikes a denser medium
and undergoes reflection or refraction. A. of Incli-
nation (of Pelvic Canal), in obstetrics, that formed
by the anterior wail of the pelvis with the conjugate
diameter. A. of Inclination (of Pelvis), in obstet-
rics, that formed by the pelvis with the general line
of the trunk, or that formed by the plane of the infe-
rior strait with tin horizon. A., Inferior (of Scapu-
la). See A., Humeral. A. of Inflexion, in veter-
inary anatomy, that formed b\ tin cpiarterof the hoof
of a soliped with the commencement ol the bar. A.,
Inio-facial, in craniometry, Deschamps's modifica-
tion of Camper's line. It is the angle included be-
tween the two lines extending from the inion to the
glabella and from the inion to the symphysis of the
chin. A., Internal (of Ilium), in veterinary anat-
omy, the posterior superior spine of the ilium. A.,
Internal (of Pubes), in veterinary anatomy, fhi
name for the angle of the pubes. A., Internal (of
Waltheri. in craniometry, that included between a
line joining tin- glabella and the nasion and another
froiniln occipital protuberance to the crista galli. A.,
Interradial, in biology, that formed in the star-fish
by the coming together ol tin- lateral walls of two
adjai ent ambulacral grooves. A. of the Ischio-pubic

ANGLE

85

ANG1 I

Arch, that formed by the junction of the ischio-pubic
rami. A. of Jacquart. See A. , Facial. A. of
Jaw, the junction of the lower border of the ramu
the mandible with its posterior border. A. of Land-
zert, that formed by the plane of the basilar groove
and the horizontal line of the jugum sphenoidale.
A. of Lavater, in craniometry, that contained be-
tween a line joining the point of the Dose and the
outer angle of the eye, and a line running from the
same point to the angle of the mouth. According to
Lavater, the greater the angle the more intelligent the
individual. A., Limiting. See A. , Critical. A.
of the Lips, those formed by the union of the lips at
either extremity of the mouth. A., Lissauer's, in
craniometry, a number of angles in the median plane
of the skull included between lines radiating from a
fixed line connecting the inion and hormion {radius
fixus.) See also A. , Frontal, and A., Parietal. A.,
Louis's, that between the manubrium and gladiolus
of the sternum due to retraction in the upper part of
the thorax. A. of Ludovici. See A., Louis's. A.,
Ludwig's. See A., Louisls. A., Lumbo-iliac, in
veterinary anatomy, that formed by the junction of the
sacrum and ilia. A. m., that one of Lissauer's angles
included between the radius lixus and a line joining
the opisthion and the basion. A., Maxillary (of
Camper), in craniometry, that included between two
lines extending from the point of contact of the upper
and lower central incisor teeth, one to the ophryon and
the other to the most prominent point of the lower jaw.
A., Metafacial (of Serres), that which the pterygoid
processes form with the base of the skull. A., Meter-,
in optics, the degree of convergence of the eyes
when centered on an object one meter distant from
each. A. of the Mouth. See A. of the Lips. A.,
Mu, that one of Lissauer's angles included between
the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and
basion. A., Mulder's. See A., External. A. n.,
that one of Lissauer's angles included between the
radius fixus and a line joining the nasion and alveolar
point. A. n'., that one of Lissauer's angles included
between the radius fixus and a line joining the nasion
and subnasal point. A., Nasal (of Ranke), in
craniometry, that included between the horizontal
plane of the skull and a line passing through the mid-
dle of the alveolar border beneath the nasal spine and
the center of the naso-frontal suture. A., Nasal (of
Welcker), in craniometry, that included between the
naso-basilar and naso-subnasal lines. A., Naso-
basal (of Welcker). See A. , Nasal. A., Naso-
malar, in craniometry, that formed by two lines
converging from the outer margins of the orbits to the
base of the nose. A. of the Neck. See A. of the Nucha.
A. of the Neck of the Femur, that formed between
the neck and shaft of the femur. A., Negative, the
name given to Quatrefages' parietal angle when it is
inversed. A. of the Nose, that between the nose
and the cheek. A.. Nu, that one of Lissauer's angles
included between the radius fixus and a line joining
the hormion and nasion. A. of the Nucha, that formed
by the junction of the nucha with the neck. A. o.,
that one of Lissauer's angles included between the
radius fixus and a line joining the lambda and bregma.
A. of Obliquity of Femur, that formed by the shaft
of the femur and a vertical line. A., Occipital, in
craniometry, that formed by the intersection of the
basicranial axis and the plane of the occipital foramen.
A., Occipital (of Broca), in craniometry, that be-
tween the lines joining the opisthion and the basion
and nasal points. A., Occipital (of Daubenton),
in craniometry, the angle that Daubenton's line makes
with the line joining the basion and opisthion. A.,

Occipital, Second, in craniometry, that formed by
two lines joining the opisthion and the nasion and
nasal spine. A., Olfactory, in craniometry, that
formed by the intersection of the plane oi I bri-

fonrj plate of the ethmoid and the basicranial axis.
A., Omega, that one of Lissaui r's angles between
the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and
lambda. A., Ophryo-alveolo-auricular. See A. ,
Facial [of Cloquet). A., Ophryo-spinal-facial, in
craniometry, that included between two lines from
the nasal spine to the ophryon and auricular point.
A., Optic, that included between lines joining the
extremities of an object and the nodal point. The
smaller is about 30 seconds. A., Orbito-alveolo-
condylar, in craniometry, that included between the
horizontal visual and alveolo-condylar plane-.. A.,
Orbito-basilar, in craniometry, that included between
Barclay's basifacial plane and the plain of the orbital
axes. A., Orbito-facial. See A., Orbito-maxillary.
A., Orbito-maxillary, in craniometry, that inclu<
between the two lines joining the auricular point and
the glabella and alveolar border. A., Orbito-occi-
pital, in craniometry, that included between the plane
of the occipital foramen and the bi-orbital pi.
A., Orifacial lof Barclay 1. 1. That included be-
tween Camper's line and the plane of mastication.
2. That included between the median antero-posterior
line of the palatine arch and the median antero-poste-
rior line of the plane of the lower border of the in-
ferior maxilla. A. p., that one of Lissauer's angle*.
included between the radius fixus and a line joining
the staphylion and alveolar point. A., Palatine, in
craniometry, that included between Camper's line and
a line on the plane of the alveolar arch. A., Parietal
(of Broca), in craniometry, that included between
two lines joining the auricular point and the bregma
and lambda. A., Parietal (of Lissauen, that in-
cluded between lines drawn from the bregma and
lambda to the most prominent point of the parietal
bone. A., Parietal (of Quatrefagesl, in cranio:
try, that formed by the lines drawn through the ex-
tremities of the transverse maximum or bizygomatic
diameter and the maximum transverse frontal diameter
(called positive when it opens downward, negative
when it opens upward). A., Parietal, Posterior, in
craniometry, that included between two lines tangent to
the parietal eminence and the most prominent points
of the zygomatic arch. A., Pi, that one of I ;
angles included between the radius fixus and a line
joining the hormion and alveolar point. A. of Polari-
zation, in optics, the angle of reflection at which light
is most completely polarized. A., Positive. See .•/.,
Parietal (of Quatref ages). A., Posterior (of Ilium .
See A., Cotyloid. A., Posterior 1 of Pubes). in vet-
erinary anatomy, that portion of the pubes that
helps to close in the obturator foramen internally. A.,
Posterior (of Scapula). See A., Dorsal (of Scap-
ula). A., Postero-external (of Ischium), in vet-
erinary anatomy, the tuberosity of the ischium. A.,
Postero-internal lof Ischium 1, in veterinary
anatomy, the ischiadic arch. A.. Premax-
illary. See A. . Basifacial. A., Prepubic, that
formed by the male urethra in front of the pul" -,
the penis being in a flaccid state. A. of Prognath-
ism, in craniometry, the angle indicating the degree
of forward projection of the face. A., Psi. I. That
one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius
lixus and a line joining the hormion and opisthion.
2. In optics, that between the optic axis and line
of fixation. A. of the Pubes, that formed by the
junction of the pubic bones at the symphysis. A.,
Pyramidal. See A. , Positive. A. of Quatrefages.

\M,I 1

B6

KNGUSTICOLLIS

See A. , Pari fa/. A. of Ranke. See . /. .
A. of Reflection, in optics, that which a reflected
ray of light makes with a line drawn perpendicular
to the point of incidence. A. of Refraction, in optics,
that which exist- between a refracted ray of light
and a line drawn perpendicular to the point ol inci-
dence. A. of Rib, aline on the external surface ol the
shaft of the vertebral extremity of the rib, to which is at-
tached the tendon of the sacro-lumbalis muscle. A.s.,
that one of 1 issauei - included between the

radius tixus and a line joining the basion and staphy-
lion. A.. Sacro-vertebral, that which the sacrum
forms with the la-t lumbar vertebra. A. of Segond,
in craniometry, angles formed between lines drawn
from the basion to tin- various other craniometries]

<s. The Facia/ angle of Segond is that 1"
tween the line passing through the basion and mental
ts and the line passing through the basion and

ryon. The Cerebral angle of Segond is that
between the line passing through the basion and oph-
ryon.and the line passing through the basion and
opisthion. A. of Serres. See A. , Metafacial. A.
Sigma, that one of l.issauer's angles included be-
tween the radius tixus ami a line drawn from the hor-
mion to the staphylion. A., Sincipital. See ./., Ex-
ternal [of Mulder). A. Spal. See A. Sum mi
A., Sphenoidal, in craniometry, that included
between two lines joining the nasion and the basion
with the center of the transverse groove of the optic
commissure, at the point where the sloping anterior
surface of the sella turcica passes over into the hori-
zontal surface of the olivary eminence. A., Squint-
ing, that indicating the degree of divergence of the
affected eye in strabismus. A., Sterno-clavicular,
that existing between the clavicle and the sternum.
A. of St. Hilaire (Geoffroy). See A. , Facial. A.,
Subcostal, that formed by the outward inclination
of the false rib- with the middle line of the body.
A., Suboccipital, in craniometry, that included
between two lines joining Broca's auricular point
with the posterior border of the occipital foramen
and the external occipital protuberance. A.. Sub-
pubic, that formed at the pubic arch. A., Summi
Occipitis, Lissauer's angle included between lines
connecting the most prominent point of the occipital
squama and the lambda and inion. A., Summi
Palati, l.issauer's angle included between lines drawn
from the staphylion and alveolar point to the highest
point of the arch of the palate. A., Supra-occipital,
in craniometry, that formed by two lines joining
Broi a's auricular point with the lambda and the exter-
nal occipital protuberance. A., Symphysian, that
which the profile of the symphysis of the lower jaw-
makes with the plane of the inferior border of the
lower jaw. A., Tentorial, in craniometry, that in-
cluded between the plane of the tentorium and the

icranial axis. A. of Topinard. See . /., Facial.
A. of Torsion, the amount of twisting in the shaft of
a bone. A., Total Cranial, in craniometry, that
measuring the cranial cavity between lines drawn
from the auricular point to the ophryon and opisthion.
A. of the Uterus, that at the cornua of the uterus,
where the oviducts enter. A., Venosus, that formed
;ht and left brachiocephalic veins.
A.. Vertebro-iliac. See A.. Ilio-vertebral. A.,
Vestibular, that formed in the vestibule by the junc-
tion of r or and. middle walls. A.ofVirchow
and Holder. See A., Facial. A., Visual. See//.,

tic. A. of Vogt, in cranionn trv. that included

tween lines joining the nasion and the basion and

alveolar point. A., Walther's. See .-/. . Internal.

A., Welcker's. See A. , Ephippial, A., Nasal, and

/ , tVasobasal. A., Xiphoid, in anatomy, that formed
by the sides of the xiphoid notch. A. y., that one
ol l.issauer's angles included between the radius fixus
and a line joining the lambda and inion

Angleberry [angf -gl-ber-e) [M. 1 ., angle; bery\
Butchers' name for bovine tuberculosis. See Grapes.

Anglesey Leg [ang/-g/-se leg) [so called after the
Marquis of Anglesej ]. An artificial limb formed
ii a solid pie< e of wood hollowed out to receive the
stump and provided with a steel joint at the knee.
The ankle joint was made of wood, to which motion
was communicated by strong cat-gut strings posteriorly
and a spiral spring anteriorly.

Anglicus sudor [ang/ -lik-us su'-dor) [L.]. English
sweating fever. A contagious malignant fever, also
known as Ephemera maligna, characterized by black
or dark-colored sweat.

Anglo-Swiss Food, an artificial infant food with the
following composition : Water, 6,54; fat, 2.72 ; grape
sugar and milk-sugar, 23.29; cane-sugar. 21.40;
starch, 34.55 ; soluble carbohydrates, 46.43 ; albumin
oids, 10.26 ; ash, I.20.«

Angophrasia [ang-go-fra1 '-ze-ah) [<i; t " ■ to choke;
'it;, utterance]. A speech-defect consisting of a
choking, drawling, and agitated utterance, with repeti-
tions and nasal sounds, occurring in paralytic dementia.

Angor [angf-gor) [angor, a strangling]. Synonymous
with Angina. Applied by some to epigastric pain.

Angry (ang/-gre) [M. E., angerich"]. Characterized by
acute inflammation and pain, as an angry sore.

Angstrom's Law. See I.a-u.

Anguilulidae [ang-gwiF -u-lid-e) \anguilla, an eel]. The
small nematoid worms that live in vinegar and soul
paste.

Anguilliform [ang-gwil1 '-if-orm) [anguilla, an eel ;
forma, form]. In biology, having the characters or
form of an eel.

Anguillula [ang-gwiF -u-lah) [dim. of anguilla, an
eel]. A genus of parasitic round worms. A. Stei
coralis. See Thread-worms and Parasites, Annual,
Table of.

Anguine [ang/-gwin) \anguis, a snake]. In biology,
snake-like.

Anguish [angf fivish) \_angustia, narrowness, distress].
Extreme bodily or mental distress.

Angular (ang/-gu-lar) [angulus, an angle]. Pertaining
to an angle. A. Artery and Vein, the terminal
luanches of the facial artery and vein. A. Gyrus, or
Convolution, the pli courbe, a convolution of the
brain. A. Movement, the movement between two
bones that may take place forward and backward.
or inward and outward. A. Processes, the 1 1 rnal
and internal extremities of the orbital arch of the
frontal b

Angularis scapulae Muscle | lar-ris skap'-u-le).

The levator anguli scapula. See Muscles, Table of.

Anguliferous [ang-gu-lif -er-us) [angulus, an angle;
ferre, to bear]. In biology, having the last whorl
angled or cornered.

Angulinerved (ang/ m-lin rvd) [angulus, an angle ;
nervum, a nerve]. In bii said of leaves in

which the veins or nerves diverge from the midrib;
pinnatelv nerved.

Angulo-dentate (angS-gu-Zo—den'-tdt) [angulus, an
angle; dentatus, toothed]. With angular teeth.

Angulus [angf -gu-lus) [L.l. See Angle.

Angustate (ang-gus' '-tat) [angustare, to straiten; to
narrow] Narrow.

Angustia (an^ ■gus/-te-ah) [L.]. Constriction; abnor-
mal narrowness ; distress.

Angusticollis [ang-gus-te-kolf -is) [angustus, narrow;
collum, a neck]. In biology, with a slender neck.

ANGUSTIDENTATE

H7

AM MA I « I I I

Angustidentate {ang-gus-te den'-t&t) [angustus, nar-
row; dens, a tooth]. In biology, with slender teeth.

Angustifoliate (ang-gus St) [angustus, narrow ;

foliatus, leaved]. In biology, with narrow leaves.

Angustirostrate [an tr&t) [angustus, nar-

row; rostrum, beak]. In biology, having a narrow or
compressed beak.

Angustiseptate [ang-gus-te-sep'-tat) [angustus, narrow ;
septum, a partition J. In biology, having a narrow
septum.

Angustura (ang gus-tu'-rah) [Sp., Angostura, a S. A.
town]. Cusparia Bark. The bark of Galipea
porta. A stimulant tonic and febrifuge used in malig-
nant bilious fever, intermittent fever, and dysentery.
In large doses emetic. Dose of fid. ext. Tl\x-xxx ; of
the bark gr. x-xl. I nof. Infus. Cuspariae (B. I
1 lose 3 i-ij.

Angusturin [ang-gusf-tu-rin) [Sp., Angostura, a S. A.
town]. Synonym of Brucin, q. v.

Anhaloin {an-haV -o-iri) [Anhalonium\. An intensely
poisonous alkaloid, derived from the fruit of Anhalo-
nium (Mamillarid) lewinii, a cactus. It pi
collapse, followed by tetanus. Unof.

Anhalonium lewinii [an-ha-lo1 -ne-um le-win' -e-i)
[L.]. The cactus of this name is a native of Mexico.
1 ts active principle is intensely poisonous and resembles
strychnin in action. Dose of the extract gtt. j.
I nof.

Anhaphia (an-ha'-fe-ah). See Anapkia.

Anhela [an -/it' '-/ah) [anliclatio, asthma]. A difficulty in
breathing. A. amphemerina, A. asinina, A.
canina, A. clamosa, A. clangosa, A. delassans,
A. perennis, A. puerilis, A. spasmodica, A.
strangulans, A. suffocans, A. tussiculosa, syno-
nyms of Pertussis.

Anhelation (a>i-//t--/a/-s/ii/>i) [anhelare, to pant]. Short-
ness of breath ; dyspnea.

Anhematosis (an-hem-at-o' '-sis) [av priv. ; ai/iardeiv, to
make bloody]. Defective formation of the blood.

Anhidrosis [an-hid-ro'-sis) [av priv. ; idpuc, sweat].
Absence or deficiency of sweat excretion.

Anhidrotic [an-hid-rol'-ik) \av priv. ; Idpuc, sweat].
I. Tending to check sweating. 2. An agent that
checks sweating.

Anhistous (an-his'-tus) [av priv. ; lords, a web].
Structureless; not organized ; plasmic.

Anhydremia (tin-// i-dre'-me-ah ) [av priv.; vdup, water ;
(iiun, blood]. The opposite of hydremia; an abnor-
mal decrease in the relative proportion of the water to
that of the salts of the blood.

Anhydrid [an-hi' '-drid) [av priv. ; vdup, water]. One
of a class of chemic compounds that may be regarded
as made up of one or more molecules of water in
which the whole of the hydrogen is replaced by nega-
tive or acid radicals (that may themselves contain
hydrogen).

Anhydro-ecgonin [an-hir -dro—ek' -go-nin) [av priv. ;
vdup, water; ek, out of; ycn>6q, born]. A basic sub-
stance in the cocain and ecgonin series, but more
remote from cocain than ecgonin.

A n h y d r o-glycochloral I an-hi' ' -dro-gli-ko-klo' '-ral).
See Clilornlose.

Anhydromyelia [an-hi-dro-mi-ef -le-aK) [av priv. ;
vdup, water; uvthdv, marrow], A deficiency ot the
fluid that normally fills the spinal cavity.

Anhydrous [an-hi'-drus) [avpriv. ; vdup, water]. In
chemistry, a term used to denote the absence of
hydroxyl or of> constitutional water.

Anhysteria [an-his-te' '-re-ah) [in- priv. ; varipa, the
womb]. Absence of the uterus.

Anideus [an-idf -e-us) [av priv. ; eldog, form]. The
lowest form of omphalosite, in which the parasitic

fetus is reduced to a shapeless mass of flesh covered
with skin.

Anidous {an-i'-dus\ [av priv.; eldog, form]. Form-
less, from general arrest of development; used of
fetal monsters.

Anidrosis (tin itl-ro'-sis). See Anhidrosis.

Anidrotic [an id-rot' ik). See Anhidrotic.

Anile [an'-U) [anilis, an old woman]. Imbecile.

Anilid (an'-il-id) [Arab. , al, the; ml, dark blue].

< ompound.s formed by the action of acid chlorids or
acid anhydrid- upon the anilins. They are very stable
derivativi

Anilin ian'-il-in) [Arab., at, the; ;///, dark blue],

< ,,II7N. Amidobenzene ; formed in the dry distillation
■ it bituminous coal. bone-, indigo, isatin, and other
nitrogenous substances. It is made by reducing nitro
benzene. It is a colorless liquid with a faint peculiar
odor, boiling at 1X}0; its sp. gr. at 0° is 1.036. When
perfectly [aire it solidities on 1 ooling, and melts at — 8°.
It is slightly soluble in water, but dissolves readily in
alcohol and ether. Combined with chlorin, the
chlorates, and hypochlorites, the various anilin dyes
are produced. It is a powerful narcotic poison. It is
used in chorea and epilepsy with benefit in one-half
grain doses. Unof. A. Black, Cj8H15N„, one of the
indulins formed by the oxidation of anilin by means
of potassium chlorate in the presence of copper or
vanadium salts. It i^ a dark-green amorphous pow-
der, insoluble in the ordinary reagents, and is used in
calico printing as a black color. See Conspectus of
Pigments, under Pigment. A. Colors. See Con-
spectus of Pigments, under Pigment. A. Red. See
Fuchsin. A. Sulphate, [( ,11 MI,] S04H2, used as
a test for lignin. See Stains, Table of. A. Violet.
See Tyrolin.

Anilinophile [an-il-in' '-o-fil ') [anilin; ot'/.itiv, to love].
Readily stained with anilin.

Anilism {au'-il-izm) [anilin]. An acute or chronic
disease produced in workmen in anilin factories by the
poisonous fumes.

Anility (an-il'-it-c) [anilis, an old woman]. The state
of being imbecile or childish.

Anima (an'-im-a/i) [animus, spirit]. The soul; the
vital principle ; formerly, the active principle of a drug
or medicine.

Animal (an'-im-al) [anima, the spirit, breath, or life].
An organic being having life and power of motion.
Pertaining to the same. The animal kingdom is com-
posed of the Vertebrata, Mollusca, Articulata, and
Radiata. A. Black. See Conspectus of Pigments,
under Pigment. A. Charcoal, bone-black, ivory-
black, etc., is the product of calcining bones in close
vessels. A. Chemistry, that concerning itself with
the composition of animal bodies. A. Electricity,
electricity generated in the body. A. Function, any
physiological action or process. A. Gum, < \,l I .,<
2I !.,< ). A substance prepared from mucin by Landwehr,
and so named on account of its resemblance to the
gum of commerce. It occurs in many tissues of the
body, is soluble in water, and in alkaline solution
readily dissolves cupric oxid, the solution not being
reduced on boiling. It yields no coloration with
iodin, and is very feebly dextrorotatory. A. Heat,
the normal temperature of the body, about 98.50 F.
A. Kingdom, a name for all animals considered col-
lectively. A. Magnetism, mesmerism, hypnotism,
etc. A. Oil. See DippeVs Oil. A. Starch. See
Glycogen. A. Tissue. See Tissue.

Animalcule (an-im-alf -kul \ [animalcnlum, dim. of
animal, a minute animal: pi., Animalcula\ An
anism so small a~ to require the microscope for its
examination.

A MM \! .< I I ISM

88

ANKYD >l;i I I'll ARo.N

Animalculism (an-im-a/'-hu-lizm) [animalculum, a
little animal J. See Spertnism and Incasement.

Animalculist (an-im-aP -ku-list) \_<ni: little

animal]. See /hi ast men/.

Animalization (an-im-a huri) [animalis, ani-

mate]. The process of assimilating food to the tis-
sues "i the body.

Animation [an-im-a* -shun) [animate, t<> have lil
existence]. [o be possessed of life. Formerly used
denote the effect of the vital principle by which the
fetus acquires the power of continuing its existence.
A., Suspended, a condition marked l>y interrupted
respiration and consciousness ; caused by strangulation,
the inhalation of carbon dioxid or other gases,

Anime (an'-im | [ 1 i. . animi, origin doubtful], A
name of various resins, especially that of Hymencea
trbaril, a tree of tropical America; sometime.-, used
in plaster, etc. Unof. See Copal.

Animism (an' '-im-izm) [anima, soul]. Stahl's theory
of life and disease, namely, that the soul is the source
of both normal and pathologic activitii 5.

Anion (anf-e-on) [dvd, up; lav, going]. In electroly-
n electro-negative clement. See Ion.

Anions (anf-e-onz) [hviCiv, going up]. The atoms that
collect around either pole when a compound i.s decom-
posed by electricity.

Aniridia (an-ir-id' '-e-ah) [ov priv. ; Ipig, the rainbow],
At>-,ence or defect of the iris.

Anisandrous (an-is-an'-drus) [avurog, unequal ; a
male]. Same as Anisostemenous.

Anisanthous (an-is-an* -thus) [avionr, unequal; /.
flower]. In biology, varying as to the form of the
perianth.

Anischuria (an-is-ku' '-re-afi) [av priv.; laxovpia, re-
tention of urinel. Enuresis or incontinence of urine.

Anise (an'-is). See Anisum.

Anisic (an-is'-ik) [anisum, anise]. Pertaining or be-
longing to anise. A. Acid. See Acid. A. Aldehyd.
See Aldehyd.

Anisin (au'-is-in) [anisum, anise], C22HMN2Os. An
artificial crystalline alkaloid, a derivative of anise.

Anisobryous (an-is-ob' -re-us) [avtoog, unequal ; ji:
growth]. Same as Monocotyledonous.

Anisocoria (an-is-o-ko' '-re-ah) [avioog, unequal; Kopi/,
pupil]. Inequality in the diameter of the pupils.

Anisodont (an-i' '-so-donf) [avurog, unequal; o<
tooth]. In biology, having irregular teeth of unequal
length.

Anisognathous (an-is-og* '-na-thus) [avtoog, unequal ;
. jaw]. In biology, having the two jaws
unlike as to the molar teeth.

Anisogynous (an-is-oj' -in-us) [owffoc, unequal ; ywfi, a
female]. In biology, with fewer carpels than sepals.

Anisol [an'-is-ol) [anisum, anise], < ,H80. Methyl
phenyl ether, produced by heating phenol with potas-
sium and methyl iodid or potassium methyl sulphate
in alcoholic solution. It is an ethereal-smelling
liquid, boiling at 1520 ; its sp. gr. at 150 is 0.991.

Anisomelous (an-is-om' '-el us 1 [aviaog, unequal ; ////or,
a limb]. With limbs of unequal length.

Anisomerous (an-is-om' '-er u | [avurog, unequal ; p
part]. In biology, having the parts or organs unequal
in successive series, as parts of the flowers in different
whorls, or 1 >sive molar teeth.

Anisometropia me-tro1 '-pe-ah) [av priv.; loog,

equal ; i measure ; <'n:\ the eye], A differ-

ence in the refraction of the two eyes.

Anisometropic (an is-o-me-trop' '-ik) [av priv. ; laog,
equal; . the eye]. Affected

with anisometropia.

Anisopetalous (an-is-o-pel'-al-us) [I'lrmnr, unequal;
~ - ■ yv, leaf]. In biology, with unequal petal-,.

Anisophyllousi./;7-/^-<»/7"/-/7-/^ i[.ii7r;o. , unequal; fbXXov,
leaf]. In biology, applied to the leaves of a pail "I
whorls when they are unequal.

Anisopia (an-is-o* -pe-ah) [avtooi , unequal; Snji, eve].
Inequality of visual power in the two eyes.

Anisopleural (an-is-o-plu* -ral) [avurog, unequal;
irXevpa, the side]. In biology, bilaterall) asym
metric.

Anisopogonous (an-is-o-pog/-o-nus) [hviaog, unequal;
-i.r.i.n, beard], In biology, applied to feathers the
vanes of which are asymmetric.

Anisopterous (an-is-op* -ter-us) [avurog, unequal;
irrepdv, a win^J. In biology, with asymmetric or
unequal wing-.

Anisospore (dn-i' -so-spor) [dweroc, unequal; 0-6,
spore]. In biology, one of the two varieties of spores
produced by colonial spe< ies of Kadiolarians.

Anisostemenous (an-is-o-stemf -en-us) [avurog, un-
equal; n-^nor, a thread]. In biology, applied to
plants the stamens of which are not of the same num-
ber as the petal-.

Anisosthenic (an-is-o-stken,-ik\ [aviaog, unequal ;
08 : vog, strength]. Not of equal power ; used of pan -
of muscles, etc.

Anisostomous (an-is-os/-tom-us) [avurog, unequal ;
aroua, mouth]. With an irregular mouth or orifice.

Anisotropic (an-is-o-trop/-ik) [di toot . unequal ;
Tpu-oc, turning]. Not possessing the same properties
in all directions with respect to light. In biology,
varying in irritability in different parts or organs.

Anisotropous (an-is-of '-ro-pus) [dweof, unequal; Tp&ireiv,
to turn]. Not isotropous ; not having the same re-
fracting power in all directions. A term applied to
doubly refracting bodies.

Anisum (anf-is-um) [L. ; gen., Anist\. Anise. The
fruit of Anisum pimpinella. Its properties are due
to a volatile oil. It is slightly stimulant to tin- heart
action. It is useful chiefly to liquefy bronchial secre-
tions, and is therefore a favorite ingredient in cough
mixtures. Dose gr. x-xx. A. Aqua, oil of anise I,
water 500 parts. Dose indefinite. A. Essentia
(B. I'.). Dose ni^x-xx. A. Oleum, an ingredient in
tinct. opii camph. Dose, tt\j-v. A. Spt., a ten per
cent, solution of the oil in alcohol. Dose, ,^i-ij.

Anisyl (anf-is-il) [anisum, anise], C8HT02. A hypo-
thetic radicle supposed to be found in anise and its
derivatives.

Anitrogenous {ah-ni-troj' '-en-us) [a priv. ; nitrum,
niter; yevf/g, producing]. Non-nitrogenous.

Anixyus (ah-niks' '-e-us) [« priv. ; ti-vg, the loins]. In
biology, without hips and thigh-.

Ankle (ang/-hl) [M. E., ancle]. The joint between
the tibia and fibula above and on the sides, and the
astragalus below. It is a ginglymus joint, with three
ligaments, the anterior, internal, and external.
A. -bone, the astragalus. A. Clonus, the succession of
a number of rhythmic muscular contractions in the
calf of the leg, when the limb is extended and the foot
flexed suddenly by a pressure upon the sole. It 1- 1
symptom of various diseases of the myelon, such as
meningo-myelitis. See Reflexes, Table of . A. -jerk.
See A. Clonus. A. -joint. See . Inkle. In biology,
the tarsal joint. A. Reflex. See A. Clonus.

Anklet (angk'-let) [M. E., ancle"]. A leathern band to
pass around and support the ankle.

Ankuroid (ang^-ku-roid). See Ankyroid.

Ankylenteron (ang-kil-en' -ter-on) [dyirf^, a coil;
ivrepov, an intestine]. An adhesion»between intesti
nal coiN.

Ankyloblepharon (ang-kil-o-bleff-ar-on) [ayKbXq, a
thong or loop; 1 velid]. The adhesion

of the ciliary edges of the eyelids.

ANKYLOCHEILIA

39

ANODIC

Ankylocheilia (ang-kil-o-ki' '-le-aK) [a/ *!■'/?/, loop;
|!i'i«, li],J. Adhesion of the lips.

Ankylocolpos (ang-kil-o-kol'-pos) [ayicbXi}, a noose;
hti/rrar, the vagina]. Atresia or closure of the vagina
or vulva.

Ankylocore [ang-kil-ok' '-o-re) [aymiXTj, a noose; K6p7},
the pupil]. Obliteration of the pupil I >y closure and
adhesion.

Ankylodontia (ang-kil-o-don' -she-aK) [ayKvfaf, a loop ;
bdovg, a tooth]. Irregularity in the position of the
teeth.

Ankyloglossia (ang-kil-o-glos' -e-ak) [ay/cvAy, a noose;
yXuoaa, the tongue]. Tongue-tie.

Ankyloglossotome (ang-kil-o-glos' -o-tom) [ayicbX?/, a
noose; y/.uoaa, the tongue; tou.ii, a cut]. An instru-
ment used in treating tongue-tie.

Ankylomele (ang-kU-o-me' -le) [<r. kv/oii //'/.>/ ; ayK.v?Mr,
bent; ,«'//'/, a probe]. A curved probe.

Ankylomerism (ang-kii-om' -er-izm) [i'/;m///, a tie;
utimr, a part]. Abnormal adherence of parts to each
other.

Ankylopodia (ang-kil-o-po' -de-aK) [ayah/.//, a loop ; irovq,
a foot]. Ankylosis of the ankle-joint.

Ankyloproctia (ang-kil-o-prok' -te-ah) \ayKvXrj, a loop ;
npunTor, the anus]. Atresia of the anus.

Ankylorrhinia (ang-kil-o-rin'-e-ah) [iv. ki-'/oc, a loop;
f> f, the nose]. Marked adhesion between the walls
of a nostril.

Ankylose (ang* '-kil-os) [ayidtXog, bent]. To be, or to
become, consolidated or firmly united, as two bones;
used commonly of pathologic, but sometimes of nor-
mal, union.

Ankylosis (ang-kil-o'-sis) [ayicvXog , a stiff joint]. Union
of the bones forming a joint, resulting in a stiff joint.
A., False, or Spurious, is due to the rigidity of sur-
rounding parts. A., True, or Bony, when the con-
necting material is bone. A., Ligamentous, when
the medium is fibrous.

Ankylostoma (ang-kil-os1 '-to-mah) , or Ankylostomum
[ang- kil-os' '-to-mum) [ayKv'/.oc, crooked ; aroua, a
mouth]. A genus of nematoid worms, one species of
which, A. duodenale, is found in the human intestine.
This is now referred to the genus Dochmius. See
Ankylostomiasis.

Ankylostomiasis (ang-kil-os-to-mi'-as-is) \h) /a /or,
crooked; gto/m, a mouth]. A peculiar anemia
produced by the parasite Ankylostoma duodenale
(Dochmius duodenalis. I.euck), sucking the blood
from the walls of the duodenum. It is especially
prevalent among brickmakers and other workmen in
Europe. It is called also Dochmiasis, Brickmakers'
Anemia, Tunnel Anemia, Miners' Cachexia, Egyp-
tian Chlorosis, Tropical Chlorosis, etc. Male fern
and thymol expel the worm.

Ankylotia (ang-kU-o' -she-afi) [ayicbfay, a noose; ovc,
ear]. Union of the walls of the meatus auditorius.

Ankylotome (ang-kil' -o-tom) [ayicvfoi, a loop ; ~6u?/, a
cut]. I. A knife for operating on tongue-tie. 2. Any
curved knife.

Ankyrism (ang/ -kir-izm) [ayKvpio/ia, a hooking].
Articulation or suture by one bone hooking upon
another.

Ankyroid (ang'-kir-oid) [ayievpa, a hook]. Hook-
shaped. A. Cavity, in the brain, the posterior
cornu of the lateral ventricle. A. Process, the
coracoid process.

Anlage (an'-lag-e) [Ger., "a laying out"]. In bi-
ology, a term adopted from the German to indicate
(i) a primary constituent of the germ or organism ; (2)
a constitutional predisposition.

Annandale's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Annatto (an-af-d). See Annotto.

Anneal [an el') [Saxon, annelan, to heat]. To heat
and cool slowly, as gold or other metal-..

Annealing (an-il'-ing) [Saxon, annelan, to heat].
I he process of applying heat to a mi tal for the
purpose of removing brittleness and increasing its
dm lility and malleability.

Annectent (an-ek'-tent) [ad, to; nectere, to bind].
In biology, linking or binding together.

Annelism (an'-el-izm) [anellu.,. <\'un. of annulus, a ring].
In biology, 1 Qg a ringed structure.

Annidalin (an-id'-al-in). See Aristol.

Annotin (an'-o-tin) [annotinus, of last year]. In
biology, one year old.

Annotinous (an-ot' in-us) [annotinus, of last year].
In biology, having distinct yearly growths.

Annotto (an-ot'-d) [native American]. Annatto,
arnotto. A coloring matter obtained from the pel-
licles of the seeds of Hixa orellana. L. Used to color
plasters. Also employed as an artificial color for
butter. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Annual (an'-u-al) [annus, a year]. Yearly. In
biology, plants that mature and die in one year.

Annuens (an'-u-enz) [annuere, to nod]. The rectus
capitis anticus minor muscle. See Muscles, Tab:

Annuent (an'-u-ent) \annuere, to nod]. Serving to
bend the head forward ; as annuent muscles.

Annular (an'-u-lar) [annulus, a ring]. Ring-like. A
number of ligaments of the joints are called annular,
as those of the ankle, wrist, etc. A. Cartilage, the cri-
coid cartilage. A. Finger, the ring linger. A. Mus-
cle of Miiller, the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle.
A. Process, or Protuberance, the pons varolii. A.
Reflex (of macula), a ring-like reflection sometimes
seen with the ophthalmoscope surrounding the macula.

Annulism (an'-u-lizm) [annulus, a ring]. The state or
quality of being ringed, as shown in certain worms.

Annulose (an'-u-los) [annulus, a ring]. In biology,
possessing rings.

Annulus (an'-u-lus) [annulus, a ring]. A ring-shaped
or circular opening. A circular or rounded margin.
In biology, an encircling band, as those about the cap-
sules of mosses ; the spore-cases of ferns, the mantle.
Cf. Molluscs, etc. A. abdominalis, the external and
internal abdominal rings. A. abdominis, the inguinal
ring. A.ciliaris, the boundary between the iris and
choroid. A. fibrosus, the external part of the inter-
vertebral discs. A. membrani tympani, an incom-
plete bony ring that forms the fetal auditory process of
the temporal bone. A. osseus, the tympanic plate.
A. ovalis, the rounded or oval margin of the Foramen
ovalis. A. subgenitalis, a firm, cartilaginous-like,
subgenital ring, the supporting plate of the subum-
brella in medusa:. A. tracheae, any tracheal ring.
A. umbilicus, the umbilical ring. A. of Vieus-
sens. Same as .-/. ovalis.

Anocarpous(<7«-<i-/v</r/-/w)[<}r<.j.upward; Kaprcbq, fruit].
In biology, bearing fruit on the upper side of the frond.

Anocathartic Um-o-kath-ar' -tik) [avu, upward; koO-
n.iTfKoc, purging]. Emetic.

Ano-coccygeal {a-uo-kok-sij'-e-al) [anus, the funda-
ment; ^'/^^rc, the coccyx]. Pertaining to the anus
and the coccyx. A. Ligament, connects the tip of
the coccyx with the external sphincter ani muscle.

Anodal {au'-o-dal ) \ava, up; 6r5oc, a way]. Relatingto
an anode ; electrically positive. A. Diffusion. Same
as Cataphoresis. A. Opening Contraction.
Contraction.

Anode (iin'-dd) [ava, up; 666c, a way]. The positive
pole of a galvanic battery.

Anodic (an-od'-ik) [ma. upward; b66g, way]. In biol-
ogy, applied to the upper edges of leaves arranged in
ascending spirals.

ANODONTIA

90

ANOSTOMI s

Anodontia (an-o-don' -she-ah) [di priv. ; tooth].

Absence of the teeth.

Anodyne [an'-o-din) [dv priv. ; odvvr/, pain]. A med-
icine that gives relief from pain. From their tendency
to produce sleep they art- called hypnotics. A., Hoff-
man's. See Ether.

Anodynia [dv priv. ; bSivn, pain].

Absence of pain.

Anoea (an 3 ia.

Anoesia [an [avoqoia, a want of sense].

W ant of understand:

Anogenic [an-o-jen'-ih) [ava, upward ; ;n',<\ produced].
In of ascending or Inward growth.

Anoia an-oir-ah) [avota, idiocy]. Synonym of Idiocy.

Anol [an'-ol) [see Anethol~\, c "«, 1 1 ,,,< » . A substance
obtained from anethol by heating it with caustic alkali
joo-2300 It consists of brilliant leaflets, melting
at 920.

Anomaliflorous (an-om-al-if-lo/-rus) [anomahts, irreg-
ular; ftoSy flower]. In biology, bearing irregular
flowers.

Anomaliped (an-omf-al-ip-ed\ [anomalus, irregular;

, foot]. In biology, characterized by having one

of the phalanges of the middle toe joined to the inner

toe, and three to the outer toe, as in syndactylous

birds, the kingfisher, etc.

Anomalocephalous [an-om-al-o-sef'-al-us) [avuua'/or,
strange; K£<j>dkf], the head]. Having a deformed
head.

Anomalocephalus (an-om-al-o-sef'-al-us) [avupr
strange ; Ktoa'/r/,-lhe head]. One who has a deformed
head.

Anomalogonatous (an-om-al-o-gonf-at-us) [avapaTuoq,
strange; yovarum, hip-joint]. In biology, said of
birds (Passeres) having no ambiens muscle.

Anomalous [an-om' -al-us) [avfaftaXog, not ordinary].
Irregular; characterized by deviation from the com-
mon or normal order.

Anomalus (an-om' -al-us) [pivuua'/or, not ordinary].
A muscle or muscular slip sometimes occurring be-
th the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.

Anomaly (an-om' '-al-e) [avapa/iia, irregularity]. A
marked deviation from the normal or typical structure
or occurrence.

Anomobranchiate (an-o-mo-6rang/-he-at)[avofwg, irreg-
ulai \ia, gills]. In biology, characterized by

having anomalous gills.

Anomo-carpous [an-o-mo-kar/ -pus) [avopog, irregular;
fruit]. In biology, producing anomalous
or irregular fruits.

Anomocephalus (an-o-mo-sef -al-us) [« priv.; vdpoc,
law; KEtpaXf/, head]. See Anomalocephalus.

Anomophyllous [an-o-mof ' -il-us) [d priv.; v6/ioq, a
law; '.i/>or, a leaf]. In biology, with irregularly-
arranged leaves.

Anomphalous (an-om' -fal-us) [dv priv.; 6u<4«/"',
navel]. Having no navel, a condition that may
nit from • surgical operation.

Anomural [an-o-mu' ral) ! irregular; ovpd,

tail]. In biology, characterized by having a small,
irregular tail.

Anonychia (an-o-nik'-i ah) [dv priv.; Svwf, nail].
Ali-'-ncc or defect of the nails.

Anonym (an'-o-nim) op, nameless]. In biology,

an insignificant or unscientifically formed name.

Anonyma (an-on* -im-ah) [dv priv.; dwfia, name].
The innominate artery.

Anonymous [an-on'-im u \ a name].

Nameless A. Bone. Sec Innominatum.

Anobpsia (an-o-op* -rah) [dvdi, upward; bipic, vision].
Strabismus in which the eye is turned upward.

Anophthalma {<in off-thaF-mah). See Anophthalmia.

Anophthalmia [an-off-tkal' -me-ah) [dr priv.; bof)a/.u6c,
eye]. Congenital absence of the eyes. A. cyclo-
pica. a congenital malformation in which the eye-
sockel is very ill-developed and the orbit rudimentary
i ir altogether absent.

Anophthalmos [an-off-thal'-mus) [dv priv.; 6<pf)a'/ nor,
eye]. I. Congenital absence of the eyes. 2. A person
born without eyes.

Anopia [an-of -pe-ah) [dv priv.; Imp, the eye]. Ab
sence or rudimentary development of the eye.

Anopluriform [an-o-plu' -rif-orm) [dwwrAoc, unarmed;
ovpd, tail ; forma, form]. Resembling or related to
a louse.

Anopsia [an-op' -se-ah) [dv priv.; oi/'tc, vision]. See
Amblyopia.

Anopsy [an'-op-se). Same as Anopsia.

Anopylus [an-o-pi' -lus) [ana, forward ; icvfa/, a gate].
I issauer's term for a skull in which there is a strong
forward inclination of the foramen magnum.

Anorchia (an-or'-ke-ah). See Anarchism.

Anorchism (an'-or-kizm) [dvpriv. ; bpxic, the testicle].
Absence of the testicles.

Anorchous (an-or'-hus) [dv priv. ; bpxir, the testicle].
Without testicles.

Anorchus (an-orf -kus) [d priv.; op ;f«c, the testicle], A
person in whom the testicles are absent or not de-
scended.

Anorectic, Anorectous [an-o-rek'-tik, an-o-rck'-tus)
[dv priv. ; 6/)tf<c, appetite]. Without an appetite.

Anorexia (an-o-rek' -se-ah) [dv priv. ; bpei-iq, appetite].
Absence or diminution of appetite, occurring in gastric
diseases, fevers, and many chronic affections. A.,
Hysteric. See Apepsia, Hysteric. A. nervosa, an
hysteric affection occurring chiefly in young neurotic
females. It is characterized by extreme emaciation
and a great aversion to food.

Anorganic (an-or-gan'-ik) [dpriv. ; bpyavov, an organ].
Not containing organs, as the epidermis.

Anorhin (an' -or-in) \hvu, upward; pig, the nose]. A
term applied by Lissauer to skulls in which the sub-
nasal point lies above the radius Jixus taken as a
horizontal.

Anorophos (an-o'-ro-fos) [d priv. ; bpoipoc, a roof].
Not having the skull-cap.

Anorthopia (an-or-tho1 '-pe-ah) [dvpriv. ; bpHor, straight ;

< , vision]. 1. A defect in vision in which straight

lines do not seem straight, and parallelism or symmetry

is not properly perceived. 2. Squinting; obliquity of

vision.

Anorthosis (an-or-tho'-sis) [drpriv. ; bpttuaic, a making
straight]. Absence or defect of erectility.

Anosia (an-o' -se-ah) [d priv. ; vbooc, disease]. With-
out disease ; normal health.

Anosmia [an-ozr -me-ah) [dv priv. ; bapf}, smell].
Partial or complete loss of the sense of smell, due
either to local disease or disease of the olfactory
nerves or bulb. It is associated with impairment or
loss of the sense of taste

Anosphrasia [an-os-fra' -ze-ah\ [dv priv. ; bromaia,
smell]. Defect or absence ol the sense of smell.

Anosphresia (an-os-fre1 se-ah). See Anosphresis.

Anosphresis [an-os-fre' '-sis) [dv priv. ; botypTjoig, odor].
Same as Anosphrasia.

Anosphresy (an-os4 '-fre-se). See Anosphresia.

Anospinal (a no \pi' nal) [anus,the fundament; spina,
tin- backbone]. Relating to the anus and the spinal
cord. A. Center i- situated in the lumbar portion of
the spinal cord ; it controls the anal sphincters.

Anostomus [an-o-sto* '-mus) [avu, upward ; ardpa,
mouth]. Lissauer' s term for a skull in which the
alveolar point is elevated above the radius fixUS, the
latter being horizontal.

ANOSTOSIS

91

A.VI EPEC1 1 S

Anostosis (an-os-to'-sis) [dvpriv. ; bariov, bone], De
fective development of bone.

Anotus (an-o'-tus) [av priv. ; ovg, the ear]. An earless
monstrosity.

Anovesical (a-no-ves' -ik-al) [anus, the fundament;
vesica, the bladder]. Pertaining conjointly to the
anus and urinary bladder.

Anoxyemia(()«-i*-t,-[''-wi'-c/') [avpriv.; oxygen; ai/ia,
blood]. An abnormal condition due to the breathing
of an insufficient amount of oxygen ; mountain sick-
ness; balloon sickness.

Ansa (an'-sah) [L. , a " handle :"//., Ansa\ A loop
or curved structure suggesting by its form the handle
of a vessel ; a loop in a nerve, intestine, or vessel, or
in a surgeon's thread. A. capitis, the zygomatic
arch. A., Haller's, the loop formed by the nerve
joining the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. A.,
Henle's. See Henles Loop. A. hypoglossi, a
loop formed at the middle of the neck by the junction
of the descendens noni nerve with branches of the
second and third cervical nerves. A. of Reil, the
name given to that portion of the brain just ventrad of
the thalamus. A. sacralis, a loop joining the gan-
glion impar (G. Walteri) with the sympathetic trunks
of the two sides. A. of Vieussens, a loop extend-
ing from the third cervical ganglion and surrounding
the subclavian artery. A. of Wrisberg, the nerve
joining the right great splanchnic and right pneumo-
gastric nerves.

Anserine (an'-ser-in) [anscrinus : anscr, a goose].
Resembling a goose. A. Disease, an emaciation of
the hands, rendering the tendons unduly prominent,
and suggesting the appearance of a goose's foot. A.
Skin. See Cutis anserina.

Anstie's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Ansulate (an'-su-lai) [ansula, a little handle]. The
coiled and bent-over extremity of a stem or tendril. •

Ant-, Anti- (ant- or an'-te) [avri, against]. Prefixes
to compound words signifying opposed to, against,
counteracting, etc.

Antacid (ant-as'-id) [anti, against ; acidus, acid]. A
substance counteracting or neutralizing aciditv ; an
alkali.

Antacrid (ant-ak'-rid) [anti, against; acer, sharp].
Correcting acridity in the secretions. A. Tincture.
See Guaiac Mixture, Tenner s.

Antadiform (ant-ad' -if-orm) [anti, opposite ; ad,
toward; forma, form]. In biology, having the dor-
sal and ventral contours inversely similar, as in certain
fishes.

Antagonism (an-tag' -o-nizm) [avTayarvt&cdai, to strug-
gle against]. Opposed activity, as of two sets of
muscles or of two remedial agents.

Antagonist (an-tag' -o-nist) [avTayoviorf/s, counteract-
ing]. A term applied to a drug that neutralizes the
therapeutic effects of another. In anatomy, a muscle
that acts in opposition to another. Applied also to
diseases that seem to exclude each other. See Drug.
A., Associated, a name given to that muscle of a
healthy eye that turns the globe in the same direction
as the affected muscle of the opposite eye would, if
normal, turn the eye to which it belongs.

Antagonistic (an-tag-o-nis'-tik) [avTayawtarf)Q, counter-
acting]. Opposing. A. Drugs, Table of. See-
Drug.

Antalgic (ant-al'-jik) [avri, against; aXyog, pain]. I.
Relieving pain. 2. A remedy relieving pain.

Antalkaline (ant-al' -kal-in or -en). An agent neutral-
izing alkalies, as acids.

Antambulacral (ant-am-bu-la' -kral) [inn, against;
ambulacrum, a walk]. In biology, located opposite
or away from the ambulacra.

Antaphrodisiac (ant-af-ro-diz' -e-ak) [in-!, against;
a, sexual desin]. I. Lessening the venereal

d( -ires. 2. An agent that lessens the venereal im-
pulse; an anaphrodisiac.
Antapoplectic (ant-ap-o-plek' '-tik) [avri, a^aimt ;

ii-t,-'/ i,:ki, apoplexy]. Efficient in preventing or

treating apoplexy.
Antarthritic (ant ar-thrit'-ik) [inn, against ; <i/)'//</-

gouty]. I. Relieving the gout. 2. A medicine for

the relief of gout.
Antasthenic (ant-as-then' -i&) [avri, against; aoQtveia,

weakness]. lending to correct debility and restore

the strength.
Antasthmatic (ant-az-maf '-ik) [inn, against ; bxsQpa,

short breath]. I. Relieving the asthma. 2. A

medicine serving for the relief of asthma.
Antatrophic (ant-at-rof '-ik) [avri, against; arpt

wasting]. I. Preventing atrophy. 2. A drug I

will prevent wasting or atrophy.
Antebrachium (an-te-bra' '-ke-um) [ante, bet'

brachium, the arm]. The forearm.
Antechamber (an' ' -te-chdm-ber) [ante, before; ME.,

chamber, a room]. In biology, the space between

the guard-cells of a stoma.
Antecoxal (an-te-koks'-al) [ante, before; coxa, the

hip joint]. In biology, located anterior to a coxa.
Antecurvature (an-te-ker1 ' -vat-chur) [ante, forward ;

curvatus, bent]. A forward curvatui
Antedisplacement (an-te-dis-plds' -ment) [ante,

ward; < >. F., desplacer, to put out of place]. For-

ward displacement of a part or organ.
Antedonin (an-te-don' -in) [AnteJon, a crinoid, from

avftiiKw, the Greek medlar]. A pigment obtained

from Comatida rosacea, a crinoid echinoderm.
Anteflexion (an-te-flek' -shun) [ante, before; flectere,

to bend]. A bending forward. A. of Uterus, a

condition in which the fundus sinks between the

cervix and the neck of the bladder.
Antefurca (au-te-fer'-ka/i) [ante, before; furca, a

fork]. In biology, a Y-shaped chitinous prop affixed

to the under surface of the thorax of insects and

projecting into the thoracic cavity. Cf. Medifurca

and Postfnrca.
Antegrade (an'-te-grad) [antegredi ', to precede].

Anabolic ; not retrograde or catabolic.
Antehelix (an-te-he'-liks). See Anthelix.
Antelocation (an-te-lo-ka' -shun) [ante, before ; locus,

a place]. The forward displacement of an organ or

viscus.
Antembasis (ant-em' -bas-is) [avrefipaotc, interlocking].

The setting or locking of bones.
Antemetic (ant-e-met'-ik). See Antiemetic.
Ante mortem (an'-te mor'-tem) [L.]. Before death.
Antenarial (an-te-na'-re-al) [ante, before; nares, the

nostrils]. Situated in front of the nostrils.
Antenna (an-len'-ah) [avreiveiv, to stretch out]. In

biology, one of the paired, articulated, sensory appen-
dages of the head of an arthropod. One of a pair of

long additions to the male flower in certain orchids.
Antennaria (an-ten-a'-re-ah). See Everlasting.
Anteocular (an-te-ok* '-u-lar) [ante, before; oculus, the

eye]. In biology, situated in advance of the eyes.
Anteoperculum (an-te-o-per' -ku-lum) [ante, before;

operculum, a lid]. In biology, the Preoperculum,
Anteorbital (an-te-or'-bit-al ) [ante, before; orbita, the

track of a wheel]. In comparative anatomy, placed

in advance of the eyes.
Ante partum (an'-te par' -turn) [P.]- Before delivery.
Antepectoral (an-te-pek'-tor-al) [ante, before; pectus,

the breast]. Placed in front of the chest.
Antepectus (an-te-pek'-tus) [ante, before; pectus, the

breast]. In biology, the sternal region of the prothorax.

AN 11 1'lllAl I I'

92

\\ I HRACE M

Antephialtic -al'-tik) [avri, against ;

nightmare]. Preventive of nightmare.

Antepileptic '■;';> [avri, against ; tirtt

epilepsy!. Relieving epilepsy.

Anteprostatic [an-t

tut/,' , one who stands before]. Situated before the
prostate. A. Glands, certain small accessor] glands
sometimes found between Cowper's gland and the
pri state.

Anterethic (an-tei th'-ik) [avri, against; epetito
irritation]. Soothing; allaying irritation.

Anterior tan-it* [anterius, forward]. Situated

ventrad or bemad of a corresponding organ, the latter
beii j nated as posterior (or posterius). A. Po-

liomyelitis, inflammation in the anterior horns of the
spinal cord, giving rise to a characteristic paralysis ;
common in children. A. Rotation, the forward turn-
ing of the presenting [>art in labor.

Antero- (an'-te-ro-^anterior, before]. A prefix signify-
position in front.

Anterograde (an' ' -te-ro-grad) [anterior, before; gredi,
to go]. Proceeding from before ; moving back.

Antero-inferior [an' ' -te-ro-in-fe1 '-re-or) [anterior, for-
ward ; inferior, lower]. Situated in front and below.

Antero-lateral (an/-te-ro-/at/-er-al) [(interior, before;
lotus, a side]. In front and to or on one side ; from
the front to one side.

Antero-parietal (an'-te-ro-par-i'-et-al) [(interior, be-
fore ; paries, a wall]. Anterior and also parietal. A
Area, the anterior part of the parietal area of the
cranium. A. Gyrus, or Convolution, the ascending
frontal convolution of the brain.

Antero-posterior (an' ' -te-ro-pos-te' '-re-or) [(interior, for-
ward ; posterior, backward]. From before backward.
A. Plane. See Median plane.

Antero-superior {an' ' -te-ro-su-pe' '-re-or) [anterior, for-
ward ; superior, upper]. In front and above.

Anterotic [ant-e-rof -ik) [avri, against; kpurixAg, per-
taining to love]. Anaphrodisiac.

Ante-uterine (an-te-u' '-ter-in) [ante, before; uterus,
the womb]. In front of the womb.

Anteversion (an-te-ver' '-shun) [ante, before; vertere,
turn]. A turning forward. A. of Uterus, the
fundu- i- bent toward the symphysis pubis, the cervix
toward the sacrum.

Anthela [an' '-the-lah) [avdfj'Ar], the downy plume of
the reed]. In biology, an open paniculate cyme.

Anthelicine (an-thel' -is-in) [avtiiXi^, the inner curva-
ture of the ear]. Pertaining to the anthelix.

Anthelix (ant'-he-tiks or an' '-the-liks) [avtiiX.il;, the inner
curvature of the ear]. The ridge surrounding the*
ha of the external ear posteriorly.

Anthelmintic [an-thel-min' -tik) [avri, against; e'A/uvg,
a worm]. I. Efficacious against worms. 2. A ver-
micide. An agent either killing or rendering power-
less intestinal parasites; a vermifuge expels worm-.

Anthemis (an'-them-is) [avtie/ur, a flower]. Camo-
mile. The flower-heads of A. nobilis, with properties
due to a volatile oil, a camphor, and a bitter principle.
I seful in coughs and spasmodic infantile complaints.
An excellent stomachic tonic. Infusion of ziv to <>j,
given in doses of jfj— ij. No official preparations.
A.. Extract (B. P.), dose gr. ij-x. A., Infus.

(15. I'. I. dose gj-iv. A. Ol., the volatile oil of

camomile. I »o-e mjj -x, in sugar.
Anthemoptyic (ant-hem -opt-te-ik) [avri, against; alfia,

blood ; . a spitting]. Checking pulmonary

hemorrhage.
Anthemorrhagic (ant-hem-or-aj' '-ik) [avri, against;

(nun, blood ; payia, a bursting]. Checking or tending

to prevent hemorrhai
Anther (an'-ther) [avtir/p6g, in full bloom]. In biology,

the male sexual organ in plants ; tin- summit and essen-
tial part ol the stamen. It contains the pollen or
fecundating substance of the flower.

Antheridia [an-ther-id' '-e-ah). Plural of Antheridi-
urn, q. v,

Antheridium (an-ther-id/-e-um) [anthera, anther ; Gr.
dim., iduni]. The male or fertilizing organ of higher
cryptogams; the organ that produces antherOZOids.

Antherozoid \an' ther-o-zo-id ) [anthera. anther; zooides,
zooid]. In biology, one of the motile fertilizing
bodies of higher cryptogams, analogous to the sper-
matozoid of animals. The male reproductive cell of
cryptogams.

Anthesis (an-the'-sis) [avtirjoig] the full bloom of a
flower]. The act of flowering ; florescence.

Anthocarpous (an-tho-kar1 '-pus) [avtiog, flower; napirdq,
fruit]. In biology, applied to collective or accessory
fruits characterized by thickened flora] envelopes.

Anthoclinium (an-tho-klin'-e-um) [avtiog, llower; kX'ivt],
abed]. See Clinanthium.

Anthocyanin (an-tho-si/ -an-in) [avtiog, flower; K&<
blue]. The soluble pigment of blue flowers.

Anthodium (an-thof -de-um) [avtiog, a flower; eldog,
form]. In biology, the so-called "flower" of the
Composite, really a capitulum or head of flowers.

Anthogenesis (an-tho-jen' -es-is) [avtiog, a flower;
ykvectq, production]. In biology, a phase of alterna
tion of generations exhibited by certain hemipterous
insects, plant lice, etc.

Antholeucin (an-tho-lu'-sin) [avtiog, a flower ; AevKdg,
white]. The soluble pigment of white flowers.

Antholysis (an-thol' '-is-is) [avtiog, a flower; Vvoig, a
breaking up]. In biology, that retrograde metamor-
phosis in which the normal character or location of
the parts of a flower is altered.

Anthony's Fire, St. A popular name for Erysipelas.

Anthophilous (an-thoff'-il-tts) [avtiog, a flower; 0'>«. ,
loving]. In biology, fond of flowers, as a bee.

Anthophore (an'-tlio-for) [avtiog, a flower; (j>ipuv, to
bear]. In biology, the stalk that bears the corolla,
stamens, and pistil in certain flowers, formed by the
elongation of the internode between the calyx and
corolla.

Anthotaxis (an-tho-taks'-is) [avtiog, a flower; Tagtg,
order]. The arrangement of flowers in flower-clusters.

Anthoxanthin, Anthoxanthine (an-tho-zan' '-thin)
[avtiog, llower; i;av06g, yellow]. In biology, the yel-
lowish pigments of fruits and flowers.

Anthozooid [an-tho-zo'-oid) [avtiog, a flower; (tior, an
animal ; eldog, likeness]. A single zooid of the flower-
like animals, Aetinozoa ; e. g., a coral polyp.

Anthracemia (an-thras-e' '-me-ah) [avtipa\, a coal;
nii/a, blood]. Wool-sorter's disease ; splenic fever of
animals; the presence in the blood of Baeillus
anthracis, the microbe of true anthrax or malignant
pustule.

Anthracene [an1 -thra-sin) [avtipai;, a coal], C]4H10.
A hydrocarbon formed from many carbon compounds
when they are exposed to a high heat; also from
coal-tar. It crystallizes in colorless, monoclinic
tables, showing a beautiful bhu fluorescence; dis-
solves with difficulty in alcohol and ether, but easily
in hot benzene ; melts at 2130. It is the base from
which artificial alizarin is prepared. A. Colors. See
Pigments, ( onspectus of. A. Oil, the fraction of coal-
tar distilling from 2700 C. and over. It consists of
that portion of the tar that is made up of bodies
possessing the highest boiling points, and is distin-
guished from the heavy oil fraction by a separation,
on cooling, of solid matters. In it has been found
naphthalene, methyl naphthalene, anthracene, phen-
anthrene, methyl anthracene, pyrene, carbazol, etc.

ANTHRACIA

93

AVI HYI'< h IK .\I.RIAC

Anthracia (an-tkra'-st ah) [avdpai;, a coal]. A name
for diseases characterized by the formation of carbun
cles. A. pestis, the plague. A. rubula. Synonym
of Frambesia.

Anthracic (an-thras' -ik) [avdpai;, a coal]. Pertaining
to or of the nature of anthrax.

Anthracite (anf -thras-lt) [avdpai;, a coal]. A variety
of mineral coal containing but little hydrogen, and
therefore burning almost without flame.

Anthracnosis (an-thrak-nt/ -sis) [avdpai;, a coal ; v6
disease]. Black rot, a fungus disease of vines, caused
by the Phoma uvicola, or Sphacelotna ampelium.

Anthracoid [an' ' -thrak-oid) [avdpai;, coal ; eldog, form].
Resembling anthrax.

Anthracometer (an-thrak-om/ -et-er) [avdpai;, coal ;
pkrpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating
the amount of carbon dioxid in the air.

Anthracometry (an-thrak-om' '-et-re) [avdpai;, carbon ;
perpov, a measure]. The determination of the amount
of carbon dioxid in air.

Anthraconecrosis (an-thrak-o-ne-krof -sis) [avd
coal; vinpaaig, death]. The necrotic transformation
of a tissue into a black mass, as in dry gangrene.

Anthracosis (an-thrak-of -sis) [avdpai;, carbon; vbaog,
disease]. A chronic interstitial pneumonitis with pig-
mentation of the lung, in coal-miners.

Anthracotyphus (an-thrak-o-H' -fus) [avdpai;, a coal ;
Tbipog, smoke, stupor]. Synonym of the Plague.

Anthrakokali (an-thrak-o' -kal-e) [avdpai-, coal; Ar. ,
qali, soda ash]. An alkaline powder made by heating
powdered mineral coal with a strong solution of
caustic potash, with or without sulphur. It is used
internally and externally in skin diseases, rheumatism,
etc. Unof.

Anthranilic Acid (an-thran-W -ik). See Acid.

Anthranol (anf -thran-ol) [avdpai-, coal; oleum, oil],
CuH10O. A body isomeric with anthrol. It is pro-
duced by the careful reduction of anthraquinone with
tin and acetic acid. It crystallizes from alcohol in
shining needles, melting with decomposition at 1650.

Anthraquinone (an-thra-kwin-on') [avdpai; > coal ; Sp. ,
quina, bark] , CuH802. Produced by oxidizing an-
thracene with HNOv It sublimes in yellow needles,
melting at 2770, soluble in hot benzene and HN03.

Anthrarobin [an-thra-ro' -bin) [avdpai;, coal ; aroba,
E. Ind. name for the bark of a leguminous tree].
A derivative of alizarin, similar to chrysarobin. A
yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water, but solu-
ble in alcohol and dilute alkaline solutions. Useful
in psoriasis. Unof.

Anthrax (an'-thraks) [arfipaz, a coal or carbuncle]. I.
A carbuncle; a painful, dark-colored tumor of the
cellular tissue, ending in mortification of the part and
the discharge of a fetid, bloody pus. The benignant
anthrax has no fatal consequences. 2. The true or
malignant anthrax, called also malignant pustule, is
caused by the infection from animals suffering from
splenic apoplexy, and is due to a specific bacillus,
which, from a single center, may extend over the body
and invade the intestinal tract, producing in this way,
or by direct infection of diseased meat, the intestinal
type of the disease. See Bacillus (anthrax). 3. The
disease called black-leg, or quarter-evil (of sheep,
cattle, etc.), is associated with what is called symptom-
atic anthrax. It is due to the microorganism called
Bacillus chauvcri, (Arloing, Cornevin and Thorn
A. Fever. Synonym of Anthrax. A., Internal. See
Pustula maligna. A., Symptomatic. See /Hack-leg.

Anthrol (an'-throl) [avdpai;, a coal], C14H10O. A
body obtained from anthracene-sulphonic acid. It crys-
tallizes in leaflets, dissolving with a yellow color in the
alkalies, and in If, St i( with a blue color when heated.

Anthrophobia (an-thro-fo'-be-ah). See . inthropopkobia.

Anthropiatrics (an-thro-pe-af '-riks) [avdpuirog, man;
iaTpuci), the art oi medicine]. Ordinary human (non
veterinary) medicine.

A.ntiixapobiology(an-thro-po-bi-ol/-o-je)[av9puirog, man;
. life; \6yog, word]. The science of the life-
history of man.

Anthropocholic Acid (an-thro-po-kol'-ik). See .

Anthropogenesis (an-thro-po-jen/-es-is)[avdpuirog, man ;
:iinn. generation]. The development of man, as a
race (phylogenesis) and a- an individual (ontogenesis).

Anthropogenous (an-thro-poj' '-en us) [avdpuirog, man;
yewaeiv, to produce]. Pertaining to Anthropoge-
nesis.

Anthropogeny (an-thro-poj' '-en-e) [avdpuirog, man;
vaeiv, to produce]. The study or science of the
descent of man.

Anthropoglot (an' ' -thro-po-glot) [avdpuirog, man; -//<.,n
nn, the tongue]. I Iuman-tongued, as a parrot.

Anthropography (an-thro-pog' -ra-fe) [avdpuirog, man;
> iv, to write]. A treatise upon the human struc-
ture or organism.

Anthropoid (au'-thro-poid) [aeftpu-or, a man ;

form], Man-like, as an ape, or as all primates above
the lemuroids.

Anthropology (an-tkro-pol ' -o-je)[a .man; /

discourse]. The science of the nature, physical and
psychological, of man and of mankind.

Anthropometalism 1 an-thro-po-met' '-al izm) [avdpuirog,
man; M.I'.., metal"]. Hypnotism or the like condition,
induced by looking at a metallic disc.

Anthropometer (an-thro-pom' -et-er) [avdpo-or, man ;
rpov, a measure]. An instrument used in anthro-
pometry.

Anthropometry (an-thro-pomf-et-re) [ardpu-or , man ;
uerpov, a measure]. The determination of the meas-
urement, weight, strength, and proportions of the
human body.

Anthropomorphic (an-thro-po-mor1 '-fik) .>-<ir.

man ; uop<pi/, form]. Man-like.

Anthroponosography (an-thro-po-no-sog' -ra fe) [a
-or, man; voaog, sickness; ypcupeiv, to write]. A
description of the diseases of mankind.

Anthropophagy (an-thro-poff'-a-je) [avdpuirog, man ;
layecv, to devour]. I. Cannibalism. 2. Sexual per-
version leading to rape, mutilation, and cannibalism.

Anthropophobia (an-thro-po-fo1 '-be-ah) [di man ;

(poflog, fear]. A symptom of mental disease consist-
ing in fear of society.

Anthropophysiography (an-thro-po-fiz-e-og* '-ra-fe) [-av-
dpuirog, man; tpvoig, nature; ypatj>eiv, to write]. The
science or description of the natural characters of the
human species.

Anthroposomatology (an-thro-po-so-mat-ol'-o- v ) [av-
dpuirog, man; au/ia, body; "Kb ience]. The
sum of what is known regarding the human body.

Anthropotomy (an-thro-pof '-o-me) [avdpuirog, man;
-mi/, section]. Human anatomy, or dissection of the
human body.

Anthropotoxin (an-thro-pof -toks-in) [avdpuirog, man;
riK/hiie, poison]. The toxic substance excreted by the
lungs of human being

Anthropurgic (an-thro-per/-jik) [avdpuirog, man;
iv, work]. Acted upon or influenced by man.

Anthydropic (ant-hi-drop* -ik) [avri, against; vSup,
water]. Effective against dropsy.

Anthypnotic (ant- hip-not' -ik) [avti, against ; hirvog,
-leep]. 1. Preventive of sleep. 2. An agent that
tends to induce wakefulness.

Anthypochondriac (ant-hip-o-kon'-dre-ak) [avri,
against; inroxovdpiaiwg, affected in the hypochond-
rium]. Efficient in overcoming hypochondriasis.

AN fHYSTERIC

94

AN flDOTAL

Anthystenc ii) [avri, against; varipa, the

womb]. ( Overcoming bysteria.

Anti- an'-te-) (sometimes contracted to ant) [err,
against J. A prefix of compound words signifying
'.interaction, opposition, etc.

Antiaditis (an-ti-ad-i' -t a swollen tonsil ;

tnr, inflammation]. Tonsillitis.

Antiadoncus [an-ti .'its) [avriag, a swollen

tonsil ; heap]. Any tumor or swelling of the

tonsils.

Antiae (an'-ti i [ intia , the hair growing on the fore
head]. In biology, the frontal points or feathers
growing forward on the base of the upper mandible.

Antialbumate (an-te-al' -bu-mat) [avrt, against; albu-
n, white of egg]. Parapeptone; a product of
hydrochloric acid digestion on albumin. I be pan
atic ferment changes it into antipeptone. When
treated with acids it is converted into the substance
called by Kiihne antialbumid, which i- identical with
the hemiprotein of Schutzenberger and the dyspeptone
oi Meissner, •.

Antialbumid (an-te-al' -bu-mid). See Antialbumate.

Anti-albumin (an-te-al-bu' '-mitt) [avri, against; albu-
men, white of egg]. An alleged product of the
action of dilute hydrochloric acid upon albumin ; it is
probably one of the preformed substances existing in
the proteid molecule. The other has been called
hemi-albumin. Oastric juice first convert-- them into
anti-albumose and hemi-albumose, and these finally
into anti-peptone and hemi-peptone.

Anti-albumose (an-te-al-bu' -mos) [avri, against ;
albumen, white of egg]. One of the albumoses pro-
duced by the action of pancreatic juice on albumin.
It resembles syntonin or acid albumin, and is con-
vertible into antipeptone.

Antiaphrodisiac [an-te-af-ro-dis' -e-ak). See Anaphro-
disx

Antiar (an'-te-ar). See Antiarin.

Antiarin (an'-te-ar-in) [Javanese, antiar or antschar~\,
t',,11 ,'i 2H 0. The active principle of Antiaris
toxicaria or Upas antiar, the Javanese poison-tree.
It is used as an arrow poison, and is intensely
poisonous. It is a cardiac depressant. Dose gr. ,

Antiarthritic (an-te-ar-thrit'-ik) [avri, against; apdp
the gout]. A remedy against gout.

Antiasthmatic (an-te-az-maf -ik) [avri, against; aoO/ja,
short breath]. Relieving or preventing asthma.

Antibacterial (an-te-bak-te' '-re-al) [avri, against;
a, a staff, stick]. Opposed to the germ theory
of disease

Antibacteric ik-te'-rik) [avri, against ; /?a«r

a staff, stick]. Destructive to bacteria.

Antibechic (an-te-bek'-ik) [d vri, against ; (ir/l;, a cough].
I. Alleviating or curing cough. 2. A remedy for
cough or hoarseness.

Antibilious (an-te-bil' '-yus) [avri, against; biliosus, full
of bile]. Effective against bilious disorders.

Antibiotic (an-te-bi-of '-ik) [avri, against; ftiog, life].
I. Tending to destroy life. 2. Antagonistic to a
belief in life.

Antiblenorrhagic (an-te-blen-or-af '-ik) [avri, against;
, mucus; /)/,;. in/a/, to burst]. Efficient in
preventing gonorrhea.

Antibrachial i an-te-bra' -ke-al) [diri, against; Qpaxiwv,
the arm]. Pertaining to the forearm.

Antibrachium (an-te-bra' '-ke-um) [dvrt, against;
)"■"•. the arm]. The forearm; antebrachium.

Antibromic (an-te-bro'-mik) [avri, against; Ipu
stench]. I. Deodorant. 2. A drug that destroys
n-ive smells. A deodorizer.

Anticachectic (an-te-kak-ei'-tik) [ami, against ; /.■
bad; tS-tq, habit]. Effective in destroying cachexia.

Anticalcareous (an-te-kal-ka'-re-us) [dvrt, against ;
calx, lime]. Iii veterinary medicine, preventing
glanders.

Anticalculous (an-te-kaV -ku-lus) {avri, against; <<//-

cuius, a pebble]. Good against calculus; antilithic.
Anticarcinomatous (an-te-kar-sin-o' -mat-us) [avri,

against; icapirivuua, cancer]. Preventing carcinoma.
Anticardium (an-te-kar' -de-um) [dvri, over against;

napdia, the heart]. The scrobiculus cordis, oi pit of

the stomach ; the infrasternal depression.
Anticarious (an-te-ka' -re-us) [dvrt, against; caries,

decay]. Preventing decay, as of the teeth.
Anticatarrhal (an-te-kat-ar'-al) [avri, against; nar&p-

pooc, a flowing down] < ounteracting catarrh.
Anticausotic (an-te-kaw-sof-ik) [avri, against; navaoq,

heat ]. ( Counteracting lever.
Anticaustic (an-le-kaws'-tik) [dvrt, against; Kavarmdc,

caustic]. Arresting the action of a caustic agent.
Antichirotetanus (an-te-ki-ro-tet' -an-us) \ s the

thumb; rtravoq, spasm]. Same as Antichirotonus.
Antichirotonous (an-te-ki-rot'-o-nus) [dvrt^etp, the

thumb; t6voq, convulsive tension]. Affected with or

manifesting antichirotonus.
Antichirotonus (an-te-ii-rof '-o-nus) [avrixeip, thumb;

r6vog, ten-ion]. Forcible and steady inflection of the

thumb, seen in or before some attacks of epilepsy.
Antichlorotic (an-te-klo-rof '-ik) [dvrt, against; x?m

!•"'',[■ greenness], ('ounteracting chlorosis.
Anticholeric (an-te-kol-er'-ic) [avri, against; ,\"/fi"'-

cholera]. Oood against cholera.
Anticholerin (an-te-kol' '-er-in) \avTi, against; %0Aipa,

cholera]. A product isolated by Klebs from cultures

of cholera-bacilli, and thought to be bactericidal,

curative, and immunifying.
Anticipating (an-tis' -ip-a-ting) [anticipare, to take

before]. Applied to the occurrence of periodical phe-
nomena in disease or health, before their customary

time, as in intermittent fever or the catamenia.
Anticlinal (an-te-kW -nal ) [cirri, against; nXivecv, to

slope]. Sloping in opposite directions. A. Vertebra,

in man, the tenth thoracic vertebra, where the thoracic

vertebrae begin to assume the characters of the lumbar.
Anticnemion (an-tik-ne'-me-on) [avri, against ; arijin;,

leg]. The shin or front of the leg.
Anticolic (an-te-kol* -ik) [air/, against; ku'/jki'/, colic].

Efficacious against colic.
Anticontagious (an-te-kon-ta'-jus) [dvrt, against ; con-

iosus, contagion-]. ('ounteracting contagion.
Anticonvulsive (an-te-kon-vul' -siv) [dvri, against ; con-

vulsits, convulsed]. Effective against convulsions.
Anticopometer (an-tt ko-pom' -et-er) [uitiw://, reson

ance ; uirpov, a measure]. A pleximeter.
Anticous (an-ti'-kus) [anticus, that which is in front].

In biology, turned toward the center of the (lower, as

introrse anthers.
Anticritical (an-te-krit'-ik-al) [avri, against ; Kpiaig, a

crisis]. Preventing the crisis of a disease.
Anticryptic (an-te-krip'-tic) [avri, against ; Kpfnrretv,

to hide, to keep secret]. In biology, applied to such

mimetic colors as enable- animals to approach their

prey, as in the frog. Ceratoph nut a.

Anticus (an-ti'-kus) [anticus, that in front]. Anterior,

in front of.
Antidiarrheal (ande-di ar-e'-al) [avri, against ; dcappeiv,

a flowing through]. Preventing or overcoming diarrhea.
Antidigestive (an-te-di-j'es'-tizA [avri, against ; digestio,

digestion]. Preventing the proper digestion of the

t< .-.'I.
Antidinic (an te din'-ik) [avri, I ; 6ii>oc, a whirl].

Curing or preventing vertigo.
Antidotal (an-te-do'-t [a rt, against; Siiovat, to

give]. Of the nature of an antidote.

ANTIDOTE

95

AM IM< iMUM

Antidote (an'-te-dof) [avri, against; ildovcu, to give]
An agent preventing or counteracting the action of a
poison. The official A., Arsenical, of the German
Pharmacopeia is prepared by dissolving ioo parts ol
the hydrated sulphate of iron in 250 parts of water,
to which add (without heat) 15 parts of burnt m
nesia and 2513 part-, of water. A., Chemical,
changes the chemical nature ol the poison so that it
becomes insoluble or harmless. A., Mechanical,
prevents absorption by holding the poison in mechani-
cal suspension or by coating the stomach. A.,
Physiological, supplies its own peculiar and neutraliz-
ing effect upon the system. A., Universal, a
mixture of one part of dissolved iron sulphate in two
parts of magnesia water. See Drug.

Antidotum {an-tid'-o-tum). See Antidote.

Antidromy [an-tid'-ro-me) [avri, against ; dpa/ieiv, to
run]. In biology, having a spiral arrangement the
opposite of that of contiguous parts. Cf. Heterodromy.

Antidynamic {an-te-di-nam' -ik) [avri, against ; di 1
force]. Weakening; depressing.

Antidyscratic [an-te-dis-krat' '-ik) \hvri, against ; rfwr-
Kpaaia, bad temperament]. Tending to overcome, as a
dyscrasia.

Antidysenteric (an-te-dis-en-ter'-ik) [avri, against ;
dvaevrep'ta, dysentery]. I. Serviceable against dys-
entery. 2. A remedy for dysentery.

Antidysuric {an-te-dis-u1 '-rik) [avri, against ; dvaovpia,
difficult micturition]. Relieving dysury.

Antiemetic [an-te-e-met' -ik) [avri, against ; kfieriicdg,
causing vomit]. Preventing emesis ; relieving nausea.
A. Root. See Ad rue.

Antifat (un'-te-fat). See Funis vesiculosus.

Antifebrile {an-te-febf-ril) [avri, against ; febris, a
fever]. An agent reducing a fever ; a febrifuge.

Antifebrin {an-te-feb' -rin\ [avri, against; febris, a
fever], CfiH5.C.2H:JO.NH. Phenyl-acetamid acetanil-
id. A white, crystalline powder insoluble in water,
freely soluble in alcohol. An antipyretic more power
ful than quinin. Its effects are manifest in one hour,
passing away in 3-10 hours. It is efficacious in fevers
characterized by high temperature, and also is a valu-
able analgesic and antispasmodic. Dose gr. iv-xv.
Unof. A., Bromated. See Antisepsin.

Antiferment (an-te-fer'-ment) [avri, against ; fermen-
tum, leaven]. An agent that prevents fermentation.

Antigalactagogue [an-te-gal-ak '-ta-gog) [avri, against ;
;<;>'/, milk; ayuyot;, leading]. Same as Antigalactic.

Antigalactic {an-te-gal-ak' '-tik) [avri, against; ydXa,
milk]. 1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 2. A
drug that lessens the secretion of milk.

Antigeny (an-tij'-en-e) [avri, against; yivog, race].
In biology, existing in two distinct sexual forms.

Antiguggler {an-te-gug> '-ler) [avri, against; gurgle].
A tube inserted into the mouth of a bottle to prevent
the splashing or gurgling of liquid that is poured out.

Antihectic {an-te-hek'-tik) [avri, against ; ektik6q, con-
sumptive]. A remedy preventing or overcoming a
hectic condition.

Antihelix [an-te-he* '-lik). See Ant helix.

Antiherpetic {an-te-her-pet'-ik) [avri, against; epn
herpes]. Preventing herpes.

Antihidrotic (an-te-hi-drotf -ik) [avri, against ; Idp&g,
sweat]. I. Diminishing the excretion of sweat. 2. An
agent lessening the secretion of sweat.

Antihydropic [an-te-hi-dro/Z-ik). See Anthydropic.

Antihydropin [an-te-hV -dro-pin) [avri, against : i
water]. A crystalline principle obtainable from the
common cockroach, Blatta {Periplaneta) orien
said to be a good diuretic. Formerly used in dropsy.

Anti-icteric [an-te-ik-ter' -ik) [avri, against ; tKrepog,
jaundice]. Serviceable against jaundice.

Antikamnia (an-te-Aam* ne-afi) [avri, against; m/iveiv,
to suffer pain], A proprietary remedy said to be com
posed of sodium bicarbonate, antifebrin. and caflein.
I -eel as a nervin in doses ol gi » I nof.

Antikol (an'-tik-ol). A proprietary antipyretic mixture
said to contain acetanilid, soda bicarbonate and tar
taric acid.

Antilemic.or Antilcemic [an-te-W '-mik) , or Antiloimic
[an-te-loi'-tnik) [avri, against; 7iOifi6g, the plague].
Efficai ious against the plague or other pestilen

Antilepsis [an-til-epf -sis) [hvt ing in re

turn]. The treatment of disease by the application of
the remedy to a health)- part ; revulsive treatment.

Antileptic {an-til-ep1 '-tik) [avrifajtyig, a receiving in
return]. Revulsive.

Antilithic [an-te-lith' -ik) [avri, against; TuBog, a stone],
I. Efficacious against calculus. 2. An agent ;
\enting the deposit of urinary calculi or sedimi

Antilobium (an /,■ lo'-be-urn) [avri, against; '/n )6g, the
lobe of the ear]. The tragus or part of the ear oppo-
site the lobe.

Antilcemic. See Antilemic.

Antiluetic (an-te-lu-ef -ik) [avri, against; lues, the
plague; syphilis]. Kthcacious against syphilis.

Antilyssic [an-te-lis'-ik) [avri, against; '/innn, rabies].
1. Tending to cure rabies. 2. A remedy for rab'

Antilytic (an-te-lit'-ik) [avri, against; ~Kvta>, to loosen].
Antiparalytic.

Antimaniacal [an-te-ma-nV '-ak-al) [avrt, against ;
fiavia, madness]. Overcoming insanity.

Antimephitie rnef-if-ik) [avri, against ; mephitis,

a pestilential exhalation]. Efficacious against foul
exhalations or their effects.

Antimere [an' -te-mer) [avri, against ; fiipog, a part].
Any one of the segments of the body that are
bounded by planes typically at right angles to tin-
long axis of the body.

Antimiasmatic {an-te-mi-as-mat' -iky [avri, against ;
i/ianua, exhalation]. Preventive of malaria.

Antimicrophyte [an-te-mik '-ro-fit) [avri, against ;
fiiKpor, small ; Qvrov, plant]. A germicide.

Antimonial (an-te-mo' -ne-al ) [antimoniutn , antimony].
Containing antimony.

Antimonic [an-te-monr -ik) [antimonium, antimony].
A term applied to those compounds of antimony
that correspond to its higher oxid.

Antimonii [an-te-mo' -ne-i). Genitive of Antimonium, q. v.

Antimonious {an-te-mor-ne-us) [antimonium, anti-
mony]. A term noting those compounds of antimony
that correspond to its lower oxid.

Antimonium [an-te-mof-ne-um) [L., gen., Antimonii].
Sb =r 122; quantivalence 1, in, v. A non-metal,
having a metallic luster. Only the combinations are
used in medicine. Antimonial salts are cardiac de-
pressants and promote rapid excretion of waste pro-
ducts of the body ; in large doses they produce vomit-
ing and purging, with symptoms similar to those of
cholera. They are valuable in inflammatory ailments
of the respiratory organs, puerperal peritonitis and
muscular rheumatism. A. chlorid., Sht'l.. the "but-
ter" of antimony; a strong caustic. Unof. A.
Comp., Pil., Plummer's pills, contain calomel and
antimony sulphuratum, aa gr. ss. A. oxid., Sb
soluble in hydrochloric and tartaric acids. Dosi
j-ij. A. oxychlorid., the "powder of algaroth";
now little used. Unof. A. et Potass, tartras,
(A. tartaratum) | B. P. 1. 2K.M>< H ',1 1,( >, ,.] 1 .1 K tartrate
of antimony and potassium, " tartar emetic. '*• Dose
gr. tV— X* A- Pulvis> powder of antimony, James'
powder, consists of antimonious oxid ;,. and calcium
phosphate, 07 parts. A prompt diaphoretic. I
gr iij-viij. In larger doses, emetic and cathartic.

ANTIMYCO'J I'

96

A.N I I PYRIN

A. sulphid, SbjSj, black sulphid of antimony. I
gr. '+'-j. A. sulphuratum, the sulphid with a small
but indefinite amount of the oxid. Dose ,^r. j-v.
A. sulph. purificatum. Dose gr. '4 -j. Syr.
Scillae Camp., Cox's hive mixture, hive syrup. Each
3 j contains gr. '4 of tartar emetic. Dose n\y— !jj
cautiously. A. tartarato, Ung. ill. P.), one part
of tartar emetic to five of simple ointment. A.
vinum, wine of antimony, boiling water 60, tartar
emetic 4. stronger white wine 1000 parts. A good
expectorant. Dose n\v— xv.

Antimycotic > xn-te-mi-kof -ik) [avri, against ; u\
a fungus]. Destructive of fungal microorganisms.

Antinarcotic | in-te-nar-kof '-ik) [avri, against ; vapxa-
. a benumbing]. Preventing narcosis.

Antinephritic [an-te-nef-rif -ik [avri, against ; veopdg,
the kidney ; trig, inflammation]. Preventing or cura-
tive of renal dis<

Antinervin [an-te-ner* -vin) [avri, against; nervus, a
tendon or nerve]. Salbromalid, a mixture of brom-
acetanilid and salicylanilid ; used for the relief of
neuralgia. Unof.

Antineuralgic [an-te-nu-ral' -jik) [avri, against ; vevpov,
a nerve ; aXyog, pain]. Overcoming neuralgia.

Antineurotic nu-roP-ik) [avri, against ; vevpov,

a nerve]. A remedy of service in nervous diseases.

Antiniad [an-tin' -e-ad) [avri, against ; iviov, the nape
the neck]. Toward the antinion ; glabellad.

Antinial [an-tin' -e-al) [avri, against; Iviov, the nape
of the neck]. Pertaining to the antinion.

Antinien [an-tin' '-e-en) [avri, against; iviov, the nape
of tli, neck]. Belonging to the antinion in itself.

Antinion [an-tin' '-e-ori) [avri, against; iviov, the nape
of the neck]. See Craniometrical Points.

Antiodont [an' '-te-o-dont) [avri, opposite to; 6<
tooth]. A form of dentition in which the crown ridges
of the molar teeth are opposite, instead of alternate as
in amebodont dentition.

Antiodontalgic [an-te-o-don-taP-jii) [avri, against;
bAovg, tooth; akyog, pain]. Curative of toothache.

Antiorgastic [an '-til;) [inn . against ; bpyaa/i6t .

swelling, excitement]. Anaphrodisiac.

Antiopelmous [an-te-o-pel' '-tnus) [dvriog, set against;

/'/. the sole]. In biology, characterized by having

the flexor perforans supply the third toe only and the

flexor hallucis the first, second and fourth toe>. Cf.

Sympelmous, Heteropelmt

Antiparasitic [an-te-par-as-if '-ik) [avri, against ; n
otrog, a parasite]. 1. Destroying parasites. 2. An
agent destroying or preventing increase of parasite-.
Insecticide.

Antiparastatitis [an-te-par-as-tat-i'-tis) [avri, over
against ; Kapaardrrjg, a testicle]. Inflammation of
< owper's glands.

Antipathetic [an-te-path-ef '-ik) [avri, against ; rradog,
feeling, i. e., antipathy or constitutional aversion].
In biology, applied to plants not easily grafted.

Antipathic [an-te-patk' -ik) [avri, against ; r&Oog, dis-
ease]. A synonym of allopathic, both terms alike
being rejected by the advocates of rational medi-
cine.

Antipathy [an-tip' '-a-the) [avri, again -1 ; irddog, affec;
tion]. Aversion ; an opposing property or quality.

Antipeduncular [an ' pe dung1 ku-lar) [avri, against;
pedunculus, a little foot]. In biology, placed opposite
a peduncle.

Anti-peptone [an-te-pep1 '-ton) [avri, against ; nkirrew,
to cot>k, digest]. A variety of peptone formed in the
pancreatic digestion, and incapable of further peptonic
change.

Antiperiodic [an-te-pe-re-odf-ik) [avri, against ;

a paroxysm]. 1. Efficacious against periodic attacks

of disease. 2. A remedy against periodic disease,

especially intermittent fever. Quinin i- the best

known. A. Tincture. See Warburg's Tincture.
Antiperistalsis [an-te-per-is-taP -sis) [avri, against;
around; araXaig, compression]. Reversed

peristalsis; inverted or upward peristaltic action.
Antiperistaltic [an-te-per-is-taP -tik) [avri, against ;
«, around ; nra/rsic, compression]. Relating to

antiperistalsis.
Antipestilential [an-te-pes-til-en' -shal) [avri, against;

pestilentia, the plague]. Counteracting the influence

of the plague.
Antipetalous [an-te-peP -al-us) [avri, against ; iriraXov,

a leal ]. In biology, inserted opposite to, instead of

alternate with, the petals.
Antipharmic [an-te-farf-mik). See Alexipharmac.
Antiphlogistic [an-te-flo-jts' -tik) [avri, against;

i.i/uyuatg, inflammatory heat]. 1. Counteracting or

directed against fever. 2. An agent subduing or

reducing intlammation or fever. A. Treatment,

consists in bloodletting, the application of cold,

administration of antipyretics, etc.
Antiphysic [an-te-fizr-ik) [avri, against; (jivon, wind].

I arminative ; overcoming flatulence.
Antiplastic [an-le-plas'-lik) [avri, against; tOJuaativ ,

to form]. I. Unfavorable to granulation or the heal-
ing process. 2. An agent impoverishing the blood.
Antipleuritic [an-te-plu-riP -ik) [avri, against ;n'/.evp~mc,

pleurisy]. ( Overcoming pleurisy.
Antipneumonic [an-te-nu-mon'-ik) [avri, against ;

■Kveviwvia, pneumonia]. Of value in treating pneu-
monia.
Antipneumotoxin [an-te-nu-mo-toksf-in). See Pneu-

moto.x in .
Antipodagric [an-te-po-dag/-rik) [avri, against ; iroa'a.-

ypa, gout in the feet]. Efficacious against gout.
Antipodal Cells [an-tip/ -o-dal) [avri, opposite ; tt6vq,

foot]. A term applied to a group of four cells formed

in the lower end of the embryo-sac opposite to the

cells constituting the egg-apparatus.
Antipoison [an' ' -te-poi-zti) [avri, against; MM., poi-

soioi, a potion]. A counter poison.
Antipraxia [an-te-prdks' '-e-ak) [avri, against ; -jiaaaeiv,

to do]. Antagonism of functions or of symptoms.
Antiprostate [an-te-prosf -taf). See Anteprostate.
Antipruritic [an-te-pru-rif '-ik) [avri, against ; pruritus,

itching]. I. Relieving the sensation of itching. 2.

A drug that relieves the sensation of itching.
Antipsoric [an-tip-so/-rik) [avri, against ; ijjupa, the

itch]. Effective against the itch.
Antiputrefactive [an-te-pu-tre-fak' -tiv). See Antiseptic.
Antipyic [an-te-pi' -ik) [avri, against; irvov, pus].

Checking or restraining suppuration.
Antipyresis [an-te-pi-re1 '-sis) [avri, against ; irvplaaeiv,

to be feverish]. The employment of antipyretics in

fever.
Antipyretic [an-te-pi-ref -ik) [avri, against; -rrvper6g,

fever]. I. Cooling; lowering the temperature. 2.

An agent reducing the temperature of fever; any

antifebrile medicine, or febrifuge. Most such also
reduce the normal bodil) temperature slightly. They
act either by preventing oxidation p -, or en-

couraging the radiation of heat.
Antipyrin [an-te-pi' '-rin) [avri, against ; nvperdg, fever],
« .II^N,1'.- Phenazonum. Dimethyl-oxy-chinicin. An
alkaloidal product of the destructive distillation of
coal-tar. It may be produced by heating acetoacelic
CNter with methyl phenyl hydrazin. It i- a ^ra\ i-,h or
reddish white crystalline powder, slightly bitter, solu-
ble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, and crystallizes
from ether in shining leaflets, melting at II30. Adult
dose gr. v— xv every hour for two or three hours. It

ANTJJYROTIC

97

AM I I RAl i

reduces the temperature three to live degrees in fevers,
causes sweating, at times vomiting, but no serious
/esult. Antipyrin is incompatible with nitrous com-
pounds. Ii is a powerful antipyretic, a local anesthe-
tic, and a general analgesic. It is efficient in hyper
pyrexia from any cause, and in rheumatism. Injectio
antipyrin hypodermica.gr. j in mjj. I >ose TT^viij-xxx.

Antipyrotic {an-te-pi-rof '-ik) [avri, against; -ipuaig,
a burning]. I. Efficacious against burns. 2. An
agent curative of burns.

Antirabic {an-te-rab' '-ik) [avri, against; rabies, mad-
ness]. Effective against rabies ; antagonistic to rabies.

Antirhachitic {an-te-rak-it'-ik) [avri, against ; paxi£,
the spine]. Serviceable against rickets.

Antirheumatic (an-te-ru-matf -ik) [avri, against; pev-
/hitiklk;, of or pertaining to a flux]. Relieving or
curing rheumatism.

Antirrhinum [an-te-ri1 -nutri) [L.]. A genus of scro-
phulariaceous plants. .7. linaria. Called also Linaria
vulgaris, Toad-flax, Ramsted, Butter-and-Eggs ; a
herbaceous plant of Europe and North America ;
diuretic, cathartic, and irritant ; used as a poultice and
fomentation. Unof.

Antiscolic (an-te-$kolr -ik) [avri, against; aiM/j/i, a
worm]. Vermifuge. See Anthelmintic.

Antiscorbutic (an-te-skor-bu' -tik) [avri, against ; scor-
butus, scurvy]. I. Effective against scurvy. 2. A
remedy for or preventive of scurvy ; such are mainly
vegetable acids.

Antisecosis {au-te-sek-o'-sis) [avri, against; aqudeiv, to
weigh, balance]. I. A restoration to health, strength,
etc. 2. Regulation of the food.

Antisepalous {an-te-sep/ -al-us) [cut/, against ; Fr. ,
sepals']. In biology, placed opposite the sepals.

Antisepsin (an-te-sep/ -sin) [avri, against; ai/if/rc, putre-
faction], CgH4BrNHC2HsO. Asepsin ; bromated
antifebrin', soluble in alcohol and ether. Recom-
mended for use as an antipyretic and analgesic but is
dangerous as a febrifuge. It has antiseptic properties.
Dose gr. j, four times daily.

Antisepsis (an-te-sep' -sis) [avri, against ; oijxptr, putre-
faction]. Exclusion of the germs that cause putrefac-
tion ; the totality of measures taken to prevent septic
poisoning.

Antiseptic (an-te-sep' '-tic) [avri, against ; aijipir, putre-
faction]. I. Having power to prevent or destroy
putrefaction, or, what is the same thing, the bacteria
upon which putrefaction depends. 2. A remedy or
agent that prevents a septic process. The principal
in use are corrosive sublimate, creolin, carbolic acid,
iodoform, thymol, salicylic acid, boric acid, etc. A.
Gauze, open cotton cloth charged with carbolic acid,
resin, and paraffin. A. Ligature, catgut or other
material rendered aseptic by soaking in antiseptic
solutions. The antiseptic treatment of wounds
looks to thorough asepsis and antisepsis as regards
the wound, the instruments, the operator's hands, the
dressings, etc. See, also, Listerian Method.

Antisepticism (an-te-sep' -tis-iz/u) [avri, against ; ai,
putrefaction]. The theory or systematic employment
of antiseptic methods.

Antisepticize (an-te-sep'-tis-iz) [avri, against ; oijTpic,
putrefaction]. To render antiseptic; to treat with
antiseptics.

Antiseptin (an-te-sep' -tin) [avri, against ; o^tpig, putre-
faction]. Zinc boro-thymate iodid. Consists of 85
parts zinc sulphate, 2.5 parts each of zinc iodid and
thymol, and ten parts boric acid. An antiseptic.
Unof.

Antiseption (an-te-sep' -shun) [avri, against ; oi/if>tg,
putrefaction]. Same as Antisepsis.

Antiseptol (an-te-sep' -tot ) [avri, against : arp '■'. ■ putre-
7

faction]. Cinchonin iodosulphate. An odorless and

fairly effective substitute for iodoform.

Antisialagogue (ant, [avri, against;

oiaAxrv, spittle; ayuydg, lending]. 1. Acting against
ptyalism. 2. A remedy or a medicine that is effective
against salivation.

Antisialic [an /■ si alf-ik) [avri, against ; aiahav, saliva].
1. Checking the flow of saliva. 2. An agent that checks
the secretion of saliva.

Antispadix (an-te-spa' -diks) [avri, against ; r,~
a palm branch]. In biology, a group of four tentacles
on the right side of the male Nautilus, the tpadix, an
organ analogous to the hectocolylised arm, being on
the left side.

Antispasis (an-tisf -pas-is) [avri, against; atraeiv, to
draw]. Revulsion; revulsive treatment.

Antispasmodic in mod'-ik) [avri, against;

n-aouor, a spasm]. I. Tending to relieve spasm. 2.
An agent allaying or relieving convulsions or spas-
modic pains, as the narcotic-, the nitrites, etc.

Antispastic (an-te- spas' -tik) [ami, against ; anaariKog,
drawing]. I. Revulsive; counter-irritant. 2. Ann
spasmodic. 3. A revulsive agent. 4. That which
counteracts spasm. An antispasmodic.

Antisplenetic (au-te-spleu-et' ik) [avri, against; splen,
the spleen]. Remedial in diseases of the spleen.

Antistasis (au-tis'-tas-is) [avri, against; ordoig, a
standing]. Opposition ; opposing effect.

Antistrumatic (an-te-stru-mat'-ik). Same as Anti-
strumous.

Antistrumous (an-te-stru' '-mm) [avri, against; struma,
a scrofulous tumor]. Effective against struma or
scrofula.

Antisudorific {an-te-su-dor-if'-ik) [avri, against ; su
sweat; facere, to make]. Checking the excretion
of sweat.

Antisyphilitic (an-tesif-il-it'-ik) [avri, against ; Syphi-
lus, a Latin proper name]. I. Effective again -t
syphilis. 2. A remedy directed against, or used for
the relief of, syphilis. Usually an alterative.

Antithenar (an-tith' '-en-ar) [avri, against; devap, the
hollow of the hand or foot]. I. Opposite to the thenar.
2. A muscle that extends the thumb, or opposes it
to the hand : an antithenar muscle. A. Eminence,
the border of the palm of the hand from the
of the little finger to the wrist. A. Muscles, of the
toe and of the thumb : the abductor pollicis pedis, and
the flexor brevis pollicis manus ; also, the first dorsal
interosseous muscle. See Muscles, Table of.

Antithermic (an-te-ther' '-mik) [avri, against; dip/irj,
heat]. Cooling ; antipyretic.

Antithermin yan-te titer' -min\ [avri, against; 6i
heat], CuHuO;jN2. I'henvlhvdrazin-levulinic acid, a
coal-tar derivative used in four to eight grain doses as
an antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. It is apt to
give rise to gastralgia. Unof.

Antitoxic (au-te-toks'-ik) [avri, against; to%ik6v,
poison]. Antidotal; counteracting poisons.

Antitoxin (an-te ■toks'-in) [avri, against ; toxin, a toxic

ptomaine ; ro£tic6v, poison]. A substance formed in

the body of animals, either naturally or in consequence

*of inoculation with some pathogenic bacteria, that

neutralizes the toxic products of these organisms.

Antitragic (an-tit-raj'-ik) [iuri, opposite to; rp<
the tragus]. Pertaining to the antitragus.

Antitragicus (an-tit-raj* -ik-us) [avri, opposite to;
- i&yog, the tragus]. Pertaining to the antitragus. A.
Muscle, a mere rudiment in man; it arises from the
antitragus, and extends to the cauda of the helix.

Antitragus (an-tit'-rae-us) [avri, opposite to; rpdyog,
the tragus]. An eminence of the external ear opposite
the tragus.

AN II l'K( (CHANTER

9H

A< >RTIC

Antitrochanter [an-te-tro-kan' '-ter) [avri, opposite to;
. the head of the hip bone]. An articulating

surface on the ilium for the great trochanter.
Antitrope [an'-t .against; , to turn].

Any organ set ov< r against another to form a symmet

ric pair. Thus, the right eye isan antitrope to the left.
Antituberculotic [an te . -ik) [avri, against ;

tuberculum, a tubercle]. Good against tuberculosis.
Antitype [an' -te-tlp) [avri, against, corresponding to ;

- - . .i type]. In biology, same as Autitr,
Antivaccinationist [an in-a' '-shun-ist) [avri,

dnst; vaccinus, of a cow.]. One who opposes

vaccination.
Antivaccinist [an-te-vak' -sin-isf). Same as Antivacci-

nation;
Antivenene [an-te-ven'-en) [avri, against; venenum,

poison]. A term given to the blood-serum of animals

rendered immune against snake-poison, on account of

its antidotal properties.
Antivenereal [an-le-ven-e'-re-al) [avri, against;

reus, pertaining to Venus, or to sexual intercourse].

Antisyphilitic ; anaphrodisiac.
Antivivisectionist [an-te-viv-is-ek' -shun-ist) [avri,

against: . living; a cutting.] One who

opposes the practii e oi vivisection.
Antizobtic [an-te-zo-o1 '-tik) [avri, against; £aov, ani-
mal]. A substance poisonous or injurious to animals.
Antizymic. Antizymotic [an - te - zi' '• mik ', an-te-zi-
'-ik\ [inn, against; , fermentation]. I.

Preventing or checking fermentation. 2. An agent

preventing the process of fermentation ; an antiferment.
Antlia yant'-le-ah) [ova, up ; r'/ativ, to lift]. A syringe

or pump. In biology, the flat spiral, suctorial tube or

proboscis of lepidopterous insects. A. lactea, a pump

for drawing milk from the breast. A. mammaria,

same as A. lactea.
Antodontalgic [an-to-don-tal' -jik). See Antiodonlalgic.
Antophthalmic [ant-off -thai' -mik) [avri, against;
////«, ophthalmia]. Preventive or curative of

ophthalmia.
Antorgastic (ant-or-gas'-tik). See Antiorgastic .
Antozenic (ant-o-ze' '-nik) [avri, against; braiva, a fetid

nasal polypus]. Curative of ozena.
Antozone [ant-o-zdn') [avri, against ; iueiv, to smell].

An imaginary allotropic modification of oxygen, now

known to be only hydrogen peroxid.
Antozostomatic [ant-o-zos-to-maf -ik) [avri, against ;

b^darouog, having a foul breath]. Corrective of a foul

bnath.
Antra [an' -trail). Plural of Antrum, q. v. A. Gastralia,

four broad perradial niches or pouches in the gastric

cavity of scyphomedusse. . /. Rhopalaria, niches formed

on the umbrella margin of most Discomedusse for the

reception of sense-clubs or rhophalia.
Antracele [an* -tras-el) [antrum, a cavity; /./,/>/, a

tumor]. Dropsy of the antrum; an accumulation of

fluid in the maxillary sinus.
Antral [an'-tral ' ) [antrum, a cave]. Relating to an

antrum.
Antrectomy [an-trek '-to- me) [('irr/iur, antrum; ekto/i^,

excision]. Surgical removal of the walls of the

antrum.
Antritis [an-tri' '-lis) [avrpov, a cave ; itis, inflammation].

Inflammation of any of the cavities of the body,
■dally the A. kighmorianum.
Antrophore [an' '-tro-fbr) [avrpov, a cavity; <j>6petv, to

bear]. A soluble, medicated bougie.
Antrorse [an-trors' ') [ante, before; versus, turned].

In biology, directed upward or forward.
Antro-tympanic [an-tro-tim-pan' -ik) [avrpov, a cave ;
kovov, a drum]. Relating to the cavity of the

tympanum as well as to the tympanic antrum.

Antrum [an'-trum) [I-.] A physiological cavity or
hollow place, especially in a bone. A. ethmoidale,
the ethmoidal sinuses. A. highmorianum, Antrum
of Highmoi itj in the superior maxillary bone.

A. highmori testis. See Mediastinum testis. A. of
Malacarne. See Tarinus, Space of. A., Mastoidal,
the hollow -p.ue beneath the roof of the mastoid
process. A., Maxillary. See A. kighmorianum. A.
pyloricum willisii, the cavity of the pylorus.

Antwerp Blue. Same as Mineral Blue. A. Brown.
See ( n / ctus of Pigments, under Pigment.

Antyllus-Kuhnt's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Antyllus's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Anuresis [an-u-re' -sis) [av priv. ; ovpov, urine].
Anuria.

Anuretic [an-u-ret'-ik) [av priv. ; ovpov, urine]. Pet
taining to or affected with anuria.

Anuria [an-u1 '-re-ah) [av priv.; «rma,urine]. Absence,
deficiency, or retention of the urine.

Anuric [an-u'-rik) [av priv. ; urina, urine]. Pertain
ing to anuria.

Anurous [an-u'-rus) [av priv. ; ovpd, a tail]. In
biology, without a tail.

Anus [ar-nus) [anus, the fundament]. The extremity
of the rectum ; the lower opening of the alimentary
canal. A., Artificial, an artificial opening, the natural
for any reason being closed. A., Fissure of, rupture
of the skin at the side, due to passage of hardened
feces. A., Fistula of, a sinus, or fistulous ulcel
opening from the rectum into the connective tissue
about the rectum, or discharging externally. A., Im-
perforate, absence of the anus, the natural opening
being closed by areolar tissue or a membranous septum.
A., Prolapse of, protrusion of the rectum or its
mucous membrane. A., Pruritus of, persistent itch-
ing of the anal orifice.

Anvil [an'-vil). See Incus.

Anxietas [ang-zir-et-as\. See Anxiety.

Anxiety [ang-zi1 '-et-e) [anxius, anxious]. Restlessness,
agitation, and general malaise, or distress, often
attended with precordial pain, and a noticeable appear-
ance of apprehension or worry visible in the features.

Anydremia or Anydraemia [an-id-re' '-me-ah) [av
priv. ; vfiup, water; al,ua, blood]. A deficiency of
water in the blood.

Anypnia [an-ip/ -ne-ah) [av priv. ; v~ voc, sleep].
Sleeplessness.

A. O. C. Anodic opening contraction.

Aochlesia [ah-ok-le* -ze-ah) [d priv. ; bxKrjavc, disturb-
ance]. Rest ; tranquillity ; catalepsy.

Aorta [a-ort'-ah) [aopri/, aorta]. The great arterial
vessel arising from the left ventricle and ending with
its bifurcation into the two common iliacs at the fourth
lumbar vertebra. The arch, that extending from the
heart to the third dorsal vertebra, is divided into an
ascendin . a transverse, and a descending part. The
thor,t, i, portion extends to the diaphragm ; the abdom-
inal, to the bifurcation. The diseases of the aorta
are acute aortitis, due to traumatism, thrombosis, etc. ;
and the chronic form, or atheroma of the aorta ; fatty
degeneration : stenosis; aneurysm. See Artery.

Aortal (a-ort'-al) [nii/iri/, the aorta]. Relating to the
aorta.

Aortarctia [a-ort-arkf -she-ah) [aopr^, aorta ; arctare, to
oonstrict]. A constriction or stenosis of the aorta.

Aortectasia [a-ort-ek-ta' '-ze-ah) [iioar//, aorta ; en, out ;
T&aiq, a stretching]. Aortic dilatation.

Aorteurysma [a-ort-u-riz' '-mah) [aoprij, aorta ; evpvopa,
a widening: //., Aorteurysmatal. Aortic aneurysm
Or dilatation.

Aortic [a [""/»"'/, the aorta]. Pertaining to the

aorta. A. Arch. See Aorta. A. Foramen. See A.

AORTITIS

99

APHASIA

Opening of Diaphragm. A. Murmur. See Murmur.
A. Opening of Diaphragm, the lowest and mosl
posterior ot the three large apertures connected with
this muscle. It is situated in the middle line, imme-
diately in front of the bodies of the vertebra, and is
behind the diaphragm, not in it. A. Opening of
Heart, a small circular aperture in front and to the
right side of the auriculo-ventricular opening, from
which it is separated by one of the segments ■»( the
mitral valve. A. Plexus, the plexus of sympathetic
nerves, situated on the front and ^ i < 1 < • -. of the aorta,
between the origins of the superior and inferior
mesenteric arteries. A. Sinus, a deep depression
between each valve and the cylinder of the aorta.

Aortitis {a-ort-i* '-tis) [aoprfi, the aorta ; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the aorta.

Aortomalacia, or Aortomalaxia {a-ort-o-mal

or -ak/ -e-ah) [_aopri/, aorta; /la'/.unta, softening]. Soft-
ening of the aorta.

Aortostenosis (a-ort-o-sten-o'-sis) [aopri/, aorta ; avtvog,
narrow]. Stenosis or narrowing of the aorta.

Aosmic [a-oz'-mik) [a priv. ; 60/17, smell]. Having no
odor.

Apagma [ap-ag/ -mafi) \air6, from; ayvbpcu, to break:
pL , Apagmata\. I. Separation, as of a fractured bone.
2. The part separated.

Apandria [ap-anf -dre-ah) [«-d, from; avfjp, a man].
Morbid dislike of the male sex.

Apanthropia [ap-an-throf-pe-ah). See Apanthropy.

Apanthropy {ap-an'-thro-pe) \Jitto, from ; avttpu-or,
man]. Aversion to society; morbid desire for soli-
tude.

Aparthrosis (ap-ar-fhro/-sis) [into, from ; apOpov, a
joint]. I. Dislocation; luxation of a joint. 2. In
anatomy, diarthrosis.

Apastia (ap-as'-te-ah) \Jirranria, fasting]. Abstinence
from food, as a symptom of mental disorder.

Apathetic (ap-ath-et'-ik) [« priv. ; Trddoc;, feeling].
Affected with apathy ; listless ; without emotion.

Apathy (ap'-ath-e) [« priv. ; fcaJdoq, feeling]. Insensi-
bility ; want of passion or feeling.

Apatropin {ap-at' -ro-pin) [drro, from ; arpoirog, un-
changeable], C17H2lN02. A compound derivable
from atropin by the action of nitric acid. It is said to
produce peculiar convulsions.

Ape [ap) [ME., ape]. A man-like monkey. A. fis-
sures, those fissures of the human brain that are also
found in apes. See Fissure. A. -hand, wasting of
the thumb-muscles, as seen in some cases of progres-
sive muscular atrophy.

Apella [ap-el'-lah) [o priv. ; -kD,7m, skin]. A circum-
cised person ; one with a short prepuce.

Apellous (ap-el'-us) [a priv. ; ~t/./.a, skin]. Skinless;
having no skin.

Apepsia {ah-pep'-sc-ah) [a priv; -i-re/v, to digest].
Cessation or absence of the digestive function. A.,
Hysteric, an hysterical condition with deficient nerve
power, and impaired function of the stomach, and
very possibly of the abdominal glands. Also called
Hysteric anorexia. A. nervosa. See Anorexia
11 rvosa.

Apeptic (ah-pepZ-tik) [d priv.; wiirruv, to digest].
Affected with apepsia.

Aperient [ap-ef -re-enf) [ap ei-ire, to open] . I. Laxative;
deobstruent ; mildly purgative. 2. A mild purgative ;
a laxative, or aperitive.

Aperinous [ak-per/-in-us) [a priv. ; —r/piv, the scrotum].
I. Having no scrotum. 2. Castrated.

Aperispermic iah-per-is-per' '-mik) [apriv.; nspi, around;
arrepua, seed]. See Exalbuminous.

Aperistalsis [ah-per-is-taV -sis) [a, without ; - • .
around; OTaAaiq, constriction]. Absence or cessation

of the movements of the intestine, due to lack of stimu-
lus to Auerbach's plexus.

Aperitive [ap-er' '-it-iv) \aperire, to open]. Aperient.

Apertor [ap-er' '-tor) [L., an opener or beginner] . In
anatomy, anything that opens. A. Oculi, the levator
palpebra mu

Aperture \ap' -er-ch&r) [apertura, an opening]. An
opening. A., Angular, in the microscope, the angle
formed between a luminous point placed in focus and
the most divergent ray- that are capable of passing
through tin- entire system of an objective. A. aniri,
the aperture of tin- umbrella cavity in medusa?. A.,
Numerical, the cap.ti it) of an obji r admit-

ting ray- from the object and transmitting them to the
image. A common measure i- obtained a- propi
by Abbe, by taking the product of the half angle into
the refractive index of the medium employed. It is
usually expressed n. a. — ;/ sin it. , ;/ the index of
refraction and it the Mini angle of the aperture. A. of
Objective, the capacity for receiving and transmit-
ting ray-.

Apetalous [ah-pet* -al-us) \_n priv.; - - , a leaf ].
In biology, without corolla or petals.

Apex [af-peks) [apex, the extreme end of a thing]. The
summit or top of anything; the point or extremity of
a cone. A. Beat, the impulse of the heart felt in the
tilth intercostal space about ;', inches from the middle
of the sternum. A. Murmur, a murmur heard over
the apex of the heart. Apices of the Lungs, the
upper extremities of the lungs behind the border of the
first rib.

Aphacia {ah-fa* '-se-ah) . Same as Aphakia.

Aphacic [ah-fa'-sik) [d priv. ; 0a«5c, the crystalline
lens]. Relating to or affected with aphacia.

Apha^resis [af-er1 '-es-is). See Apheresis.

Aphagia {ah-fa'-je-ah) [d pri\ : .to eat]. Inabil-

ity to eat or to swallow.

Aphakia (ah-fa* -ke-ah) [d priv. ; <paic6g, a lentil, the
crystalline lens]. The condition of an eye without the
lens, whether the result of congenital defect, luxation,
traumatism, or cataract operation.

Aphakic (a'l-fa'-kik) [it priv. ; (j>an6s, the lens]. I laving
no lens, as the eye after the removal of a cataract.

Aphalangiasis [ah-fa-lan-je' '-as-is) [d priv. ; up-
line of battle; phalanx]. The loss or absence of
lingers and toes, as in leprosy. < f. Ainhum.

Apharyngeal 1 ah-far-in' -je-al)\h priv.; onoiv.^, throat].
In biology, without a pharynx.

Aphasia (ah-fa* -ze-ah\ [d prn ; - .speech]. Partial
or complete loss of the power of expression or of com-
prehension of the conventional signs of language, from
no lesion of the peripheral organs or nerves, but from
lesions of the cortical centers concerned. Aphasia
may be either motor or sensory. Motor or Ataxic
Aphasia consists in a loss of -peech owing to inability
to execute the various movements of the mouth
necessary to speech, the muscles being not paralyzed
but not coordinated, owing to disease of the cortical
center. It is usually associated with agraphia, "aphasia
of the hand," inability to write, and right-sided hemi-
plegia. Some aphasics can write, but are unable to
articulate words or sentences; this variety is variously
named aphemia, alalia, or anarthria, according a-
the impairment of speech is more or less marked.
Charcot supposes the center for articulate language
divided into four sub- centers, a visual center for word-,
an auditory center for words, a motor center cf articu-
late language, and a motor center of written language.
I e-ions of one or more of these centers produce the
characteristic forms of aphasia, all of which have
clinical exemplifications. Sensory Aphasia, or
Amnesia is the loss of memory for words, and may

APHASIAC

H ii i

Al'K )LIM

exist alone or in association with the motor aphasia.
Amnesia appears clinically in three distinct forms; i.
Simple loss of memor) >>i words. -. ■ r, or

inability to understand spoken words (there i> usually
some paraphasia connected with this form). ,. //
bli/t i inability to understand written or printed

words. Paraphasia, a form of aphasia in which there
i- inability to connect ideas with the proper words to
express the ideas. Agrammatism, a phenomena
aphasia consisting in the inability to form words gram
matically, or the suppn oi certain words of a

phrase. Ataxaphasia, inability to arrange words
synthetically into sentences. Bradyphasia, abnormal
slov ch, from pathological cause. Tumul

tus sermonis, a stuttering manner of reading, from
pathological cause. A., Conduction, such as is due
not to any central lesion, but to defect in some commis
sural connection between centers. A., Gibberish,
aphasia in which the patient can utter many words,
but uses them in such a way that they express no
meaning

Aphasiac [ak-fa' '-ze-ak) [d priv. ; ©d(j<c, speech]. One
who is aphasic.

Aphasic zik) [d priv. ; oria/f, speech]. Relat-

ing to, or affected with aphasia.

Aphelexia '-eks/ -e-ak) . An incorrect form of the

won! Apkelxia, q. t.

Apheliotropism (af-el-e-ol'-ro-pizm) [air6, from ; -
the sun : ->>.-<> . a turn]. In biology, turning away
from the sunlight ; negative heliotropism.

Aphelotic | -t'-,\ of ik) \a<pEAKELv, to draw away].
Absent-minded ; lost in reverie.

Aphelxia [af-elks'-e-ah) [a<t>('/KEiv , to draw away].
Absence of mind ; inattention to external impres-
sions.

Aphemia [ah-fe* '-me-ah) [n priv. ; ©>//«/, voice]. Motor
aphasia ; inability to articulate words or sentences,
from focal and not from peripheral dis< isi of the
organs of speech {Alalia). This term is variously-
used; sometimes it is equivalent to aphasia; some-
times it means loss of vol i , from local causes ; some-
times hysterical or wilful refraining from speech.

Aphemic [ak-fem/-ik) [d priv. ; 0 //////, voice]. Relating
to or affected with aphemia.

Aphephobia (af-e-fo' -ah [<'<<//, touch; <f>6(ioc, fear].
Hyperesthetic dr< intact with other persons.

Apheresis, or Aphseresis [af-er* '-es-is) [an6, away ;
aipelv, to take]. Removal; amputation; abstraction,
as of blood.

Apheter i if'-et-er) [a^err/p, one who lets go or si rids
away]. A supposed impulse-carrying, or trigger
material, probably a catastate, which communicates to
the inogen the nerve impulse that causes its destruc-
tion, and the consequent muscular contraction. In a
larger sense, any trigger-material that takes part in
any functional ; nay be called an apheter.

Aphidein [af-id-e'-in) \aphis, a plant louse]. A re-
spiratory pigment obtained from the aphis.

Aphilanthropy [</ priv. ; oi'/iiv, to

love; avffpumog, man]. Absence of social feeling; a
lent -i^n of approaching melancholia.

Aphonia [ak-ft/ -ne-ak) [d priv . voice]. I.

Dumbness, due to some peripheral lesion. 2. Hysteri-
cal, or paralytic absence of the power of speech. 3.
Voicele

Aphonic [ak-fon' '-ik) [d priv. ; . voice]. Speech-

less ; dumb ; voiceless.

Aphoresis [ah-for-^-sis) [a priv.; ^bpTjaig, bearing (by
error for Apkeresis)"]. 1. Si don or ablation ..I a

part, either by excision or amputation. 2. Lack of
the power of en.lurance, as of pain.

Aphoria {ah-fo* -re-ah) [<i priv. ; fipeiv, to bear].
Sterility ; unfruitfulness.

Aphrasia [ak-fra1 '-ze-ak) [<i priv. ; <ppd(eiv, to utter].
Absence of the power to utter connected phrases.

Aphrodisia {af-ro-diz' '-e-ah) \a$pt)t\tc,tu, venery]. Sex
ual desire, especially when morbid, or immoderate;
sexual congi

Aphrodisiac [af-ro-diz' '-e-ak) [cuppodioia, venery]. 1.
Stimulating the sexual appetite ; erotic. 2. An agent
stimulating the sexual passion.

Aphtha [af'-thah) [atyOa, an eruption]. An eruption;
an ulcer.

Aphthae [af'-thi | da, an eruption]. Also called
Aphthous stomatitis. Small white ulcers, spots or
vesicles of the mouth, chiefly occurring in children
under three years of age, and generally associated with
some febrile affection. It must not be confounded with
thrush, in which disease the spots are smaller and are
due to the presence of the parasitic fungus characteris-
tic of that disease. A., Bednar's, two symmetri-
cally placed ulcers seen on the hard palate of certain
cachectic infants near the velum, one on either side of
the mesial line. The prognosis is exceedingly grave.
A., Cachectic, aphtha; appearing beneath the tongue,
and associated with grave constitutional symptoms ;
Riga's disease.

Aphthaphyte [af* '-thah-fif) . See Aphthophyte.

Aphthenxia [af-thengks' -e-ak) [d priv. ; tjfieyijig, utter-
ance]. A form of aphasia with impaired expression of
articulate sounds.

Aphthoid [af-tkoid) [a<pda, an eruption]. Like or re-
sembling aphtha

Aphthongia {af-thong* -ge-ah) [q priv. ; o"«;. ;.or, a
sound]. A peculiar form of aphasia due to spasm of
the muscles supplied by the hypoglossal nerve.

Aphthophyte [af'-tho-fit) \iuJhi. aphtha; <j>vr6r, plant]
The Oidium albicans, or Sacc,karomyces albicans, a
yeast-fungus often seen on the mucous membrane of the
mouths of infants; regarded by some as the cause of
true aphtha?. See Sprue.

Aphthous {af'-thus) \a$8a, an eruption]. Pertaining to
or affected with aphtha- or thrush.

Aphyllon (ah-fil'-on) [d priv.; tpiiAAov, a leaf.]. A
genus of orobanchaceous plants. A. uniflorum, a
plant, the naked broom rape or cancer-root of North
America. It is astringent, and has been employed as
a cure for cancer. I uof.

Aphyllous [ah-fiP-us) [d priv.; oi'/'/ov, a leaf]. In
biology, naturally leafless.

Apical (a'-pik-al) [apt \. the top]. Pertaining to the
apex. A. Cell, in biology, the cell at the apex of
every branch, leal or other organ, and from the divi-
sion of which all succeeding < 1 11- an- formed.

Apices [a'-pis-lz) [L.]. Plural of Apex. Summits.

Apiculus [ap-ik' '-u-lus) \apic, a point]. In biology, a
short abrupt point formed by the mid-rib oi a leal pro
jei ting beyond the bladi

Apinoid [ap/-in-oid) [d priv.; k'ivoc, dirt ; eMdc,form],
Clean; not foul. A. Cancer, schirrhus ; so called
from its cleanly -■■< lion.

Apiol [apt-e-ol) \apium, parsle) ; oleum, oil], Cj,HH-
1 i(. A poisonous principle occurring in parsle) sei ds ;
it crystallizes in long white needles, with a slight
parsley odor; melt- at 300 < '. (86° L). and boils il
294° C (5720 F.). It is used in dysmenorrhea and in
pinal atom. Ii acts upon the reflex andvaso
motor centers. It is also called parsley-camphor.
I lose trpiij-x. In doses of rrpxxx it is narcotic. Unof.

Apiolin [ajZ-e-o-lin) [apium, parsley ; oleum, oW]. A
udo-apiic alcohol, the active principle of Apium
p ttro , /inum. and a reliable emmenagogue. 1
rrp iij in capsule, night and morning.

ATI- »S

101

APOGAMY

Apios (ap'-e-os) \anioc, a pear]. A genus of plants.
A. tuberosa, a twining papilionaceous plant of North
America, bearing tubers which when cooked are edible.
It is calU-<l ground-nut, wild-bean, Indian potato,
Said to be alterative. I aof.

Apis {a' -pis) [I.., a bee]. A genu- of hvmenopterous
insects. A. mellifica, the hone) bee; in homeopathy
the poison of the honey bee's sting, or a preparation
thereof.

Apium (a'-pe-itni) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous
plants. A. graveolens. See Celery. A. petroseli-
num, is the common garden parsley ; aperient, diuretic,
somewhat antipci iodic ; useful in dysmenorrhea. I
of the lid. ext (of the root) gtt. xv-^j.

Apjohn's Formula A formula lor determining the
dew point by means of the elastic tension.

Aplacental [ah-plds en'-tal) [d priv.; placenta, a cake].
I (estitute of placenta.

Aplanatic [ah-plan-af '-its) [d priv. ; TrXavaeiv, to
wander]. Not wandering; rectilinear. A. Lens, a
lens corrected for all aberration of light and color. A
rectilinear lens. See Objective.

Aplanogamete [ah-plan-o-gam/ -et-e) [d priv. ; 7r/.dvoc,
roaming ; ]ap.ETr/, a wife]. In biology, the non-motile
conjugating cell in certain green algae, i. e. Conjugate.
See Planogamate.

Aplanospore [ah-plan'-o-spor). Same as Aplanoga-
mete.

Aplasia [ah-pla' '-se-ah) [« priv. ; kTiAgoeiv, to form]. A
type of incomplete structure by reason of the non-for-
mation of a necessary cell-group during the develop-
mental stage. Called also Hypoplasia . A., Laminar.
Synonym of Facial Hemiatrophy.

Aplastic {iih-plas' -tik) [d priv. ; -/aooetv, to form].
I. Structureless, formless. 2. Not characterized by
plasticity : preventive of plastic process within the
organism. A. Lymph, one of the products of inflam-
mation or disease. A non-fibrinous material incapable
of coagulation or organization.

Apleuria {ak-plit'-re-ali) [d priv. ; -'/zvpa, a rib]. Con-
genital absence of the ribs.

Aplotomia {ap-lo-tom'-e-ah), or Aplotomy (ap-lot'-o-
me). See Haplotowv.

Aplysiopurpurin [ap-liz-e-o-per' '-pu-riu) [avcTivoia, tilth-
iness ; -np<j>i<pa, a purple dye]. A reddish pigment
derived from the Aplysiidas.

Apnea {ap-ne'-ali) [d priv. ; irvkeiv, to breathe]. For-
merly used as synonymous with asphyxia, meaning
breathlessness ; difficult respiration ; partial or com-
plete suspension of breathing. It is employed now
only in the physiological sense, to denote the
condition in which the blood is too highly oxygen-
ized. The presence of an over-abundance of oxy-
gen prevents stimulation of the medullary respira-
tory center, and respiration is arrested in conse-
quence. A. infantum. Synonym of Laryngismus
stridulus. A. neonatorum, apnea of the new-
born child, caused by difficult labor, pressure upon
the cord, etc.

Apneumatic [ap-nu-maf '-//•) [dpriv. ; irvevfia, breath].
I. Collapsed ; uninflated, not inflatable : said of parts
of the lung. 2. Carried on with the exclusion of air,
as an apneumatic operation or process.

Apneumatosis ( a*->ut->iiat-o,-sis\ [dpriv. ; Trvev/iaraoig,
inflation]. Collapse of the air cells of some part- of
the lung caused by blocking of the bronchial tubule-.
and resulting in a condition of non-inflation whereby
the lung tissue is reduced to a condition similar to that
of atelectasis, or congenital apneumatosis.
Apneumia [ap-nu' -me-ak) [d priv.; Trvtvpuv, lung].

Congenital absence of the lungs
Apneumonervia( "/>-/?//- w'-z/r-r'- 1 >e-ah)\a priv.; KVEVfiuv,

hint,' ; nervus, a nerve]. Deficient nerve stimulus in
the lung.

Apneumoneuria [ap-nu-mo-nuf -re-ah - me as Ap-
11 um Tiervia.

Apneustia (ap nils' te ah) [d priv. ; mi uv, to breathe].
Apnea ; breathlessness.

Apncea [ap u ' ah). See Apnea.

Apo- ' j ■■■-■-. from]. A prefix denoting from,

iration.

Apoaconitin lap-o-ak-on' '-it-in) \hir6, trim; aconitum,
aconite], < ',.1 lu.\< >M. An alkaloid prepared from
nitin by dehydration.

Apoatropin 1 '-ro-pin\ \inz6, from; . un-

changeable], Cj7H21N02. An alkaloid obtained by
the action ol 1 1 Nl > .. on atropin.

Apoblast [ap/-o-blast) \hiz6, away; 3/Uzcrroc, a germ].
In biology the unimpregnated ovum; an outcast celi.
See 1 >a/

Apoblema [ap-o-ble' '-mah) [air6/3faffta ; aw6, away;
'/r, to throw]. The product of abortion.

Apobole [ap-ob'-o-le) [otto in'/ /, . a throwing away].
Expulsion ; abortion.

Apocarpous {ap-o-kar' -pus) \air6, from; fruit].

In biology, composed of separate or easily separable
carpels.

Apocarteresis [ap-o-kar-ter-e> '-sis) [a—oKaprepj/aig, lack
of fortitude] . Suicide by starvation.

Apocatastasis [ap-o-kat-as' '-tas-is) [anoiun rraaiq, res-
toration]. The subsidence of an abscess or tumor.

Apocatharsis [ap-o-kath-ar1 '-sis) [a— 6, away; loitiapaiq,
purgation]. Purgation; abevacuation.

Apocathartic \ap-o-kath-ar'-lik). Same as Cathartic.

Apocenosis (ap-o-sen'-o-sis) [airoicevbeiv, to drain]. An
increased flow or evacuation of blood or other humor-.

Apocenotic [ap-o-sen-ot'-ik) \airoKEv6etv, to drain].
Producing apocenosis.

Apochromatic [ap-o-kro-mat/-ik\ [d-<J, away; xpijun,
color]. Without color. A Lens, a lens for micro-
scopic and optical purposes, with high correction of
spherical and chromatic aberrations, and better " defini-
tion." A. Objective. See Objectii

Apocodein {ap-o-ko* -de-in~) [d<n5, from; nuSeia, the
head] , C18H19N( >.,. An alkaloid prepared from co lei n
by dehydration. It is emetic and expectorant, with
other qualities much like those of codein, and is
recommended in chronic bronchitis. Unof.

Apocope 1 ap ok' -op, "1 [ax6, from; wt;,, a cutting].
Amputation or abscission; an operation or a wound
that results in loss of substance.

Apocrustic [ap-o-krus'-tik) [airoicpoveiv, to beat
Repellent; defensive; astringent.

Apocynin [ap-os/-in-in) \apocynon, dogbane]. The
precipitate from a tincture of Apocynum cannabinum;
tonic, alterative, and evacuant. Dose gr. '4-j. Unof.

Apocynum \ap-os' '-in-um') [apocynon, dogbane]. Can-
adian Hemp. The root of A . cannabinum. Proper-
tie- due to an alkaloi< . in. A good expectorant.
In full do-es an emetic and cathartic. Valuable in
dropsy. hose gr. v-xx ; of the alkaloid, gr. %—)£■
A. Ext., Fid. Dose nxv-xx. A., Tinct. I
n\v-xl. Should not be confounded with Cann
indica. Unof. Another American specie-, A. an-
drosaemifolium. has similar properties. Unof.

Apodemialgia ip de-me-al' - u<a, journey;

akyeiv, to grieve]. A morbid dislike of home-life with
a desire for wandering.

Apodia (ah-po/-de-ah) [d priv. . - .a foot]. Absence
of feet.

Apodous [apf-o-dus) [dpriv.; jtovc, afoot]. Foot!
characterized by apodia.

Apogamy ' - .away from; ya/ioc, mar-

riage]. In biology, I. Asexual reproduction where

AP( IGEI >1 ROPISM

102

APOPLEXY

the opposite usually occurs. 2. The total and normal
ace oi sexual reproductive power.

Apogeotropism from

the earth; - - , turning]. In biology, tending to
turn upward <>r away from the ground.

Apohyal | [ajrd, from; voeiSijg, shaped like

the letter upsilon] . Relating to the anterior (styloid)
cornua of the tiyoid bom-.

Apokenosis (

Apokenotic | - totic.

Apolar ' 1 [k priv. ; t</>-<» , the end of an axis].

Having no pole. A. Cells, nerve cells without pro
»ses.

Apolepsis , a leaving off ] . Sup-

pa— -ion or retention of a secretion or excretion ;
isation of a function.

Apolexis .a declining]. The

line of life ; tlie stage of catabolism or decay.

Apollinaris Water /• l-in-a'-ris). A German alka-
line mineral water, highly charged with carbonic acid,
largely used for gout, rheumatism, etc., but possessing
little medicinal value. See Mineral Water.

Apomorphia, or Apomorphin^//>-<;-w<>//-/;>-<//,', or -mor'-
['<-«, from ; Morpheus, the god of sleep], C17H17-
\, = morphia — 11,1 >. An artificial alkaloid, derived
from morphin. The hydrochlorate is the salt used,
and i- a grayish crystalline powder. It is a systemic
emetic acting directly upon the vomiting center, and
i- the quickest, most certain and least irritating of all
emetics. Unof. Dose gr. 1,1„-110- hypodennatically, or
gr. y the mouth. An expectorant in small

doses. A. injectio hypodermica (B. P.). Do-e as
an expectorant by the mouth, gr. ss ; as an emetic, by
the mouth, gr. ',; hypodermatically, gr. \. Syrupus
apomorph. hydrochloratis. J >o-e §ss-j.

Apomyelin [ap-o-mi' '-elrin) [a<n$, from ; uveMq, mar-
row], A peculiar phosphatized principle reported to
exist in the brain tissue and containing no glycerol.

Apomyttosis [ap-o-tm [airo/ivooeiv, to blow the

nose]. Any disease marked by stertor; a sneezing.

Apone dip-on') [Fr. : /(priv.; k6voq, pain]. An ano-
dyne; especially the concentrated tincture of capsi-
cum ; used externally for the relief of pain, and inter-
nally in small doses, diluted, for hemorrhoids, dyspep-
sia, and mania. Dose gtt. iij-x. Unof.

Aponeurography [ap-o-nu-ro*' -ra-fe) [airovevpaoig ,
aponeurosis; ypd^rj, a writing]. A description of the
fascia?, or aponeuroses.

Aponeurology (ap-o-nu-rol'-o-je) [airovevpaaig, apon-
eurosis; >"■'/', an account]. The science of the
fasciae or aponeuroses.

Aponeurosis [ap-on-u-ro1 'sis) [<Z7r<$, from ; vevpov, a ten-
don], A fibrinous membranous expansion of a tendon
giving attachment to muscles or serving to enclose
and bind down muscles. Remarkable for their size or
importance are the infra- pinous, enclosing the infra-
spinous muscle; that of the arm, of th
of the external oblique or abdominal, of the forearm,
of th leg, of the t> . of the head, eti .

A. of Occipito-frontalis, the tendinous aponeur-
- that separate- the two slips of the or - ipito frontalis
mu-cle. A. of Soft Palate, a thin but firm fibrous
layer, attached above to the hard palate, and becom
ing thinner toward the free margin of the velum. A.
of Subscapular, a thin membrane attached to the
re circumference of the subscapular fossa, and
■ rding attachment by it- inner -urface to som
the tibei.- of the subscapularis muscle. A., Supra-
spinous, a thick and den-e membranous layer that
coir rous case jn w|,j, |, ,||(. 5Uj

spinatus mu mtained, affording attachment by

it- inner surface to some of die fibers of the muscle.

A., Vertebral, a thin aponeurotic lamina extending
along tin whole length of the back part of the thoracic
region, serving to bind down the erector spinas, and
separating it from those muscles that connect the spine
to th,- upper extremity.

Aponeurositis [ap-on-u ro-si'-ti. \\hnavEvputyi$, an apon-
eurosis; '-" , inflammation]. Inflammation of an
aponeurosis.

Aponeurotic [ap-on-u-ro/' ' ik\ [airovevpuatg , aponeuro-
-i-J. Pertaining to or of the nature of an aponeui

Aponeurotome [ap-on-u' '-ro-totn) TairovebpoHTig, apon
euro-is; rofii), a cut]. An instrument for dividing
fasci 1 .

Aponeurotomy [ap-on-u-rof -o-me) \airavei)puaic, apon-
eurosis ; Tumi , a cut]. The incision, dissection, or
anatomy of the fasciae ; fasciotomy.

Aponipsis {ap-o-nip' '-sis) [airovirjfic, a washing], A
washing; especially an internal washing, ancient!)
performed bj copious draughts of milk whey.

Apopetalous [ap-o-pet'-al-us) \ji~6, away from ; wirakav,
leaf]. In biology, same as Polypetalous.

Apophlegmatic [ap-o- /leg-mat '-ik) \air6, away;
o/.'}//a, phlegm]. Promoting the expulsion of mucus
from the air passages.

Apophyllous [ap-o-fil' '-us) [air6, from; o'v/'/uv, a leaf ].
Jn biology, having distinct calyx or perianth leaves.

Apophysar [ap-off'-is-ar). See Apophysary.

Apophysary [ap-off'-is-a-re] [airotyveiv, to put forth].
Pertaining to or of the nature of an apophysis.

Apophyseal, Apophysial [ap-o-fiz' '-e-al). Same as
Apophysary.

Apophysis [ap-off'-is-is) [ii-o, from; <f>vaig, growth].
In biology, a process, outgrowth, or swelling of some
part or organ, as of a bone, the internal process of the
mandible of a crustacean, or some part of a plant, e.g.
the seta of certain mo— es. A. lenticularis, the
orbicular process of the temporal bone. A. raviana,
the processus gracilis of the malleus.

Apoplectic [ap-oplek'-tik) \_a-oiz'/x^ia, apoplexy].
Pertaining to or affected with apoplexy. A. Equiva-
lents, a name given to the premonitory symptoms
of apoplexy, indicating that the brain is subject to
alterations in the blood pressure, a condition that may
lead to serious consequences if the arterial wall
diseased.

Apoplectiform [ap-o-plek' -tif -orm) [aironfel-ia, apo-
plexy ; forma, form]. Sudden, like apoplexy.'

Apoplectigenous [ap-o-plek-tif -en-us) \ji-n-/i :m ,
apoplexy; yewaeiv, to produce]. Producing apoplexy
or cerebral hemorrhage.

Apoplectoid iap-O-plek'-toid). Same rtiform.

Apoplexia [ap-o-pleks' e-ah) [I-]. Apoplexy. A.
splenitis. Synonym of Anthrax.

Apoplexy (ap/-o-pleks-e) [ii-n-r//,; a, a striking down].
The symptom complex resulting from cerebral bemoi
rhage, affusion, or from the plugging of a cerebral
vessel. Modern writers mostly describe the posl
mortem appearance- by other terms, a- < • n bral hemor
rhage, effusion, thrombosis, etc. The chief symptom
is -milieu loss of motion, sensation and < onsciousness,
the patient falling and lying a- it dead. There is
frequently a conjugate deviation oi the eyes and a
rotation of the head away from the paralyzed side,
and toward the side on which the cerebral lesion exists.
Death may result instantaneously, or shortly, or the pa-
tient may recover consciousness and then be found to tw
suffering from paralysis ol one ball of the body [Hemi
plegia, '/•"'■). The bursting of a vessel in the lungs,
liver, ei iiiethne- called apoplexy of the lungs,

liver, etc. A., Capillary, from rupture and effusion
ol capillaries. A., Ingravescent, a term applied
to .1 form of apoplexy in which there i- a slowly pro-

AI'< fPSYCHIA

103

APPENDK I I [S

gressive loss of consciousness due to a gradual leakage

of blood from a ruptured vessel. A., Pulmonary,
escape i>i blood into the pulmonary parenchyma, with
laceration of its substance. A., Simple, the name
given to those cases of death from coma in which no
cerebral lesion is found. A., Spinal. See Hematomye-
Hit. A., Splenic. Synonym of Anthrax.

Apopsychia [ap-op-sik' -e-ah) [<im$, awaj ; i ■< $, spirit].
Syncope; fainting; a faint.

Apoptosis [ap-op-to'-sis) [a?r<J,away ; nru<nc,a fall
A falling off, as of a crust, or of the hair; loosening
of a scab or crust .

Aporetin {ap-o-re' -tin ) [d.7T<$, from; pqrivji, a resin]. A
resinous substance found in rhubarb.

Aporrhinosis [ap-or-in-& 'sis) [air6, from ; pig, nose].
A discharge from the nostril

Aporrhipsis (ap-or-ip/ -sis) \aic6, away from ; pinrecv, to
throw]. The throwing off of the clothes or the bed-
clothes; a symptom seen in some cases of insanity and
in delirium.

Aposcythisis (ap-o-sith'-is-is) \anoanvdi^Etv, to scalp in
the Scythian manner]. The surgical or traumatic re-
moval of the scalp.

Aposematic (ap-o-sem' '-at-ik) [mth, away from ; 01
sign]. Applied to such colors as are used by ani-
mals as signals or warnings of some dangerous or
unpleasant quality, in repelling enemies.

Aposepalous (ap-o-sep' -al-us). See Polysepalous.

Aposepsis (ap-o-sep/ -sis) [a-oai/ipig, putrefaction; see
Sepsis]. Complete putrefaction.

Aposia (ah-po'-ze-ah) [a priv. ; k6olq, a drinking]. Ab-
sence of thirst ; adipsia.

Apositia (ap-o-sit'-c-ah) [a-6, from; ffZrof, food].
Aversion to or loathing of food.

Apositic (ap-o-sit'-ik) [ok6, from ; alror, food]. Im-
pairing the appetite ; affected with apositia.

Aposorbic Acid (ap-a-sor' '-bik). See Acid.

Aposphacelisis (ap>-o-sfas-el' -is-is) \airoa<paK£Xiaig, a
dving of gangrene]. Mortification; gangrene due to
constriction.

Apospory (ap-os'-po-re) [a7ro,away from ; cr-opoc, seed].
In biology, reproduction without the intervention of
spores in cases where sporogenesis ordinarily occurs.

Apostasis (ap-os' -tas-is) [airdaraaig, a standing away
from]. I. An abscess. 2. The end or the crisis of an
attack of disease ; termination by crisis. 3. An exfolia-
tion. In biology, the separation of organs by unusual
elongation of internodes.

Apostatic (ap-os-taf -ik) \_n~6araaig, a standing away
from]. Relating to orof the nature of an apostasis.

Apostaxis (ap-o-staks'-is) [a~6, from ; ordi-ig, a
dropping]. A discharge of fluid hydrops : epistaxis.

Apostem (ap'-o-stem), or Apostema [ap-o-ste' -mah)
[air6arr/fjia,3.n abscess]. An abscess.

Apostematic (ap-os tern- at' -ih) \air6oTTjiia, an abscess].
Relating to or of the nature of an abscess.

Apostemation (ap-os-tem-a' -shun \ \apostematio, abs
formation]. The formation of an apostem or abscess.

Apostematoid (ap-os-tem' '-at-oid \\aTr6ari][ia, an abscess;
eidog, form]. Resembling an apostem or abscess.

Aposthia (ak-pos'-the-ak) [d priv; -6061?, penis, pre-
puce]. Absence of the penis or of the prepuce.

Apostolus Method. The use of strong electrolytic or
chemical galvano-caustic currents in the treatment o\
diseases of the female generative organs, especially
uterine fibroids.

Apostrophe (ap-osf -tro-fe) \Jm6, away : orpi<j>eiv, to
turn]. The arrangement of chlorophyll bodies along
the side walls of the cells as .1 result of excess or
deficiency of light. Cf. Epistrophe and Dystrophe.

Apostume (ap'-os-tum) [airdanj/ia, an abscess]. An
abscess.

Aposyringosis (ap-o-sir-in-go' -sis) [air6, from; tri
I'll"- ]. I be formation of or change into a fistula.

Apotelesm (ap-ot' -el-ezm) [airoreXeapa, result.]
terminatii in "l a disease.

Apothecaries' Weight. A system of weights and
measures used in compounding medicines. I he Troy
pound of 5760 grains is the standard. It is subdivided
into 12 ounces. The ounce is subdivided into eight
dra< bms, the drachm into three scruples, and tli •
into 20 grains. For tluid measure the quart of
32 fluid ounces is subdivided into pints, the pint into
16 fluid ounces, the ounce into eight fluid drachm-,
and the fluid drachm into 60 minims. The following
abbreviations are used: —

It], minim.
Kit., trutta, a drop.
1. set ufiu 'u . a scruple

(20 grains)
5. drachma, a drachm

(60 grains).

3, itticia, an ounce (480

grains)
Hi, libt a a pi lund.
O ,octarius, a pint,
gr., granum, a grain.
ss., semissis, one-half.

See Weights and Measures.

Apothecary (ap-oth1 '-e-ka-re) [airotiqiui, a storehouse].
A druggist. One who prepares and -■ Us drugs, fills
prescriptions, etc. In Great Britain the apothecary is
also a physician, tilling his own prescriptions. In the
United States it frequently happens that an authorized
practitioner is also an apothecary, but without the
degree of M. I), the practice of medicine is illegal.

Apothecium (ap-o-the' -se-um) ["~ " use].

[n biology, the saucer-shaped fruiting organ, or asco-
carp, of lichens and certain ascomycetous fungi.

Apothem, or Apothema (ap' '-o-them or ap-oth' -em-ah)
[and, fnmi; Bi/ia, a deposit]. A brown powder
formed by the open-air evaporation of a vegetable in-
fusion or decoction.

Apothesis (ap-oth' -es-is) [airdOemg, a putting back].
The reduction of a fracture or luxation.

Apotheter (ap-oth' -et-er), A navel-string repositor de-
vised by Braun, consisting of a stall with a sling
attached in which the prolapsed funis is placed and
carried up into the uterine cavity.

Apothymia (ap-o-thl' -me-ah) \_a~Mi nine, distasteful,
disagreeable]. An aversion.

Apotrepsis (ap-o-trep' -sis) [awo-peipig, a turning away].
The resolution of an absce--.

Apozem, or Apozema (ap'-o-z:»i. or ap-oz'

\air6, away; ce/v, to boil]. A decoction, especially
one to which medicines are admixed.

Apparatus (ap-ar-a'-tus) [apparatus, prepared]. The
instruments used in any science, art, <>r surgical opera-
tion. Anatomically the word is used to designate col-
lectively the organs effecting any specified work or
action. A. ligamentosus colli, the occipito-axoid lig-
ament, a broad band at the front surface of the spinal
canal that covers the odontoid pro*

Apparent (ap-a'-rent) [apparer . to appear]. Seeming;
appearing to be like. A. Death. See Death.

Apparition (ap-ar-ish'-un) \apparitio, an appearance],
A visual delusion or hallucination.

Apparitor [ap-ar' -it-or) [I... a helper]. A small coiled
tube worn at the ear to assist the hearing.

Appendage (ap-en'-ddj) \_arr , to weigh ; hang] .

That which is attached to an organ as a part of it.
S 1 fix. A., Auricular, the projecting part of

the cardiac auricle. A.. Epiploic. See Appendix.
A., Ovarian, the parovarium.

Appendicectomy (ap - , n - dis - eh'- to - me) [appendix :
kicrofiq, excision]. Excision of the appendix vermi-
forinis.

Appendicitis (ap-en-dis-i'-tis) \ap . to hang upon

or to; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ap-
pendix vermiformis; ecphyaditis.

-X 1-1*1 NDIC1 I.AK

104

APTYALISM

Appendicular [ap-en-dik' '-u-lar) Tappendicula, a small
appendix]. Pertaining to the appendix vermiformis.
A. Gland, a biramose gland attached to the sper-
matheca of queen b<

Appendix n'-dihs) [ . hang upon or to :

pi. , Appendices], What is accessory to or dependent
upon another. An appendage. A. auricularis, the
auricular appendage, a process of the auricles of the
heart. A. caeci vermiformis, a worm shaped pro
>s of the cecum. A. cerebri, the pituitary body.
A., Ensiform. See Xiphoid. A. epiploicse, pouch-
like, fatty | is of the peritoneum of the large
intestine. A., Xiphoid. See Xiphoid.

Apperception '-shun) \_appercipere, to

receive]. The conscious reception <>r perception of a
sensory impression ; the power of receiving and appre-
ciating sensory impressions.

Appert's Process. The preservation (" canning") of

meat, fruits, and vegetables by exclusion of air and

rms; effected by hermetically sealing the substances

in tin can- after heating the contents to no0 or more.

Appetence [ap'-e-tens) \aptpetentia, appetite]. An
appetite, or desire ; the attraction of a living tissue for
those materials that are appropriate for its nutrition.

Appetency [apf-e-ten-se). i. See Appetence. 2. In
biology, the doctrine propounded by Lamarck, in
which it is maintained that new organs can be pro
duced in animals by the simple assertion of the will
called into action by new want.-, and that the organs
thus acquired can be transmitted by generation.

Appetite tit) \ap>petere, to desire]. The desire

E >r fix id ; also any natural desire ; lust. A., Perverted,
that for unnatural and undigestible things, frequent in
disease and pregnancy. Anorexia, loss of appetite ;
Bulimia, insatiable appetite ; Hunger, the strong
desire and need of food.

Appetizer [ap* '-e-tt-zer) \appetere, to desire]. A medi-
cine, or dose, taken to stimulate the appetite.

Applanate (ap'-lan-df) \_ad, to; planus, flat]. In
biology, horizontally flattened.

Applanatio [ap-lan-a' -she-o) [I-]- A flattening. A.
corneae, flattening of the entire surface of the cornea
from disease.

Applanation (ap-lan-a' 'shun) \_applanatio, a flattening].
A flattening, as of the cornea.

Apple {up' -I) [AS., Kppel, an apple]. The fruit of the
tree, Pyras main.; . A., Adam's. See Pomum adami.
A. -brandy, an alcoholic spirit distilled from eider;
cider brandy. A. Extract. See Extraction ferri
pomatum. A. -eye, a synonym of Exophthalmos.
A. of the Eye, the pupil ; also, the eyeball. A. -jack.
A .-brandy. A. -oil, amyl valerianate; prepared
from isoamyl- isovaleric ester.

Application yap-lik-a' ' -shun)\applicatio , an application].
The act of applying anything, as a plaster, leech, band-
age, lotion, pad, or compress; the thing so applied.
A. Colors. incnts, Colors, and Dyestuffs.

Applicative {ap/-lik-a-tiv). See Condupli

Applicator (ap'-lih-a-tor) [I..]. An instrument
in making applications ; especially, one used in uterine
or urethral surg<

Applier [ap-li'-er) [applicare, to apply]. A dental in-
strument for making application- to teeth.

Appolito's Operation ation . Table of .

Appolito's Suture. See Suture.

Apposition [ap-o-zisk* -un) [apponere, to apply to]. The
act of fitting together; the -tit'- of being fitted to-
gether. A. Theory, a theory concerning the growth
of the cell-wall, a- held by Si limit/, Strasburger, etc.,
., that stratified and other cell-walls of plant- grow
in thickn'-s by the deposition o< new p upon

the inner face of the cell, (irouth in sin:

suit of a simple stretching of the wall by the pressure
of the content-.

Approach (ap-roch') [ME., approche\ A drawing near.
A. Grafting, to inarch.

Appropriation {ap-ro-pre-a* -shun) \_appropriatio, a set-
ting apart]. Assimilation of nutriment.

Approximal \ap ■roks' -im-al) \ad,\.o; proximus, next].
I hat which is next to; contiguous. In dentistry, per-
taining to contiguous surfaces, a- approximal fillings.

Appun's Apparatus. A device for determining the
overtones ol a vowel by means of reeds.

Apraxia [ah-praks'-e-ah) [d priv. ; irpaaanv, to do].
Soul blindness ; mind-bhndne-- ; object I > 1 i n < 1 1 1 < - - - ; an
affection in which the memory for the uses of things
is lost, as well as the understanding for the signs by
which the things are expressed.

Aprication \ap-re-kaf -shun) \apricatio, a basking in the
sun]. The sun-bath ; sun-stroke.

Aproctia [ah-prok-ter -ah) [d priv, ; tt/xj/ctoc, anus].
Imperforation of the anus.

Aproctosis ( ah-prok-to'-sis) [d priv. ; Tvpunrdc, anus].
See. Aproctia.

Aproctous [ah-prok' -tus) [d priv. ; Trpunrdq, the aim-].
Having imperforation of the anus.

Apron {a'-piun) [ME., apern\. 1. In surgery, a pro
tection or covering for the body in surgical opera-
tions. 2. The omentum. A., Hottentot, artificially
elongated labia minora; velamen Tu/vtc. A. of
Succor, a canvas appliance borne by two men, and
used lor the transportation of wounded persons.

Aprosexia [ap-ro-seks' '-e-ah) [d priv. ; npoai \tiv, to
give heed]. A mental disturbance consisting in in-
ability to fix the attention upon a subject. An inability
to think clearly and to readily comprehend what is read
or heard, sometimes observed in the course of chronic
catarrh of the nose or of the nose and pharynx.

Aprosopa (ap-ros'-o-pah). See Aprosopia

Aprosopia {ap-ro-so'-pe-ah) [« priv. ; irpdounrov, the
face]. A form of fetal monstrosity with partial or
complete absence of face.

Aprosopous (ap-ros'-o-pus) [d priv. ; npoauTvnv, the
face]. Exhibiting aprosopia.

Aprosopus (ap-ros/-o-pus) [a priv. ; npoaunov, the face].
An aprosopous fetus.

Apselaphesia (ap-sel-af-e' -ze-ak) [d priv. ; %!•/,'/ uo^rnr,
touch]. Paralysis of the tactile sense.

Apsithyria, or A.psithuTea(ap-sitli-i/-re-al/ , or -//' -re -ah)
\_u priv.; tptdvpi^eiv, to whisper], A term suggested
by Solis-Cohen for hysterical aphonia, in which the
patient not only loses the voije, but is unable even to
whisper. It is generally accompanied by double
paralysis of the vocal cords, but there is no paralysis of
the tongue, lip-, or expiratory muscles. Charcot
especially advocates hypnotism in the treatment of the
condition.

Apsychia [ap-sikr -e-ah) [d priv.; i/t|/,, spirit]. I n-
consciousness ; a faint or swoon.

Apta viro {ctp'-tah vi'-ro) [I- : //.. Apta zn'ris~\. A
young girl who by mechanical means has been rendered
available for prostitution.

Apterium (ap-te' '-renin) [d priv. ; irrepdv, a feather].
In biology, a normally naked tract on a bird's skin.

Apterous {ap'-t.i us) [" priv. ; jrrepdv, a wing, a
feather]. In biology, destitute of wings or membran-
ous expansions.

Aptitude {ap' -te-tud ) \aptitudo, fitness]. Fitness, ten-
dency. The natural proneness of an organism toward
certain functions or pathological conditions.

Aptyalia [ap-ti-a' '-le-ah) \_ii priv. ; irrvaTuov, saliva]. See
Aptyalism.

Aptyalism [ap-ti* -al-izm) [d priv. ; KTvaXiijeiv, to spit].
I 1. in iency or absence of saliva.

APTYST1 \

105

ARA< IIMIdl M

Aptystia (ap-tis'-te-ah) [a priv. ; irrveiv, to spit].
Aptyalism.

Apulosis (ap-u-lo'-sis) [anm'Kuaig j •■'■' ". to cicatrize].
Cicatrization, or a cicatrix.

Apulotic [ap-u-lot' -ik) \jikov7wtik6s, healing]. Pro-
moting cicatrization, or apulosis.

Apus [a'-pus) [d priv., and irovg, foot], i. A monstro-
sity consisting in absence of tin- lower limbs, or feet.
2. An apodous fetus.

Apyonin (ah-pi' -on-in) [d priv. ; rri)ov, pus]. A
remedy introduced as a substitute for pyoktanin in
ophthalmic practice. It is said to bo identical with
yellow pyoktanin. Unof.

Apyretic (a/i-pi-ret'-ik) -\ji priv. ; , fever].

Without fever or pyrexia.

Apyrexia(rt//-//-r, 'ks'-e-ati) [dpriv. ; wvpeicrdg, feverish].
The non-febrile stage of an intermittent fever ; intermis-
sion or absence of fever.

Apyrexial {ah-pi-reks' '-e-al) [airvpeicrog, without fever].
Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by,
apyrexia.

Apyrexy [ah' ' -pi-reks-e). See Apyrexia .

Aqua [a'-kwaft) [L. : gen. and pi., Aquce, a'-kwe\.
Water. An oxid of hydrogen having the composition
H..O. It is a solid below 320, a liquid between 320
and 212°, vaporizes at 212° at the sea level (bar. 760
mm.), giving off vapor of tension equal to that of the
air. It covers four-fifths of the surface of the earth, but
is never pure in nature, containing from a trace of
soluble matter, in rain water, to 26 per cent, of soluble
mineral salts, in the Dead Sea. Water is an essential
constituent of all animal and vegetable tissues. In the
human body it forms two per cent, of the enamel
of the teeth, 77 per cent, of the ligaments, 78 per
cent, of the blood, and 93 per cent, of the urine.
Externally, water has a stimulating effect upon the
skin, either by direct or reactionary means. Cold
water when continued too long may lower the general
temperature of the body so as to produce serious depres-
sion of the circulation and muscular power. When pro-
perly used it is a valuable antipyretic. Hot water and
vapor increase circulation and produce diaphoresis.
Its too long-continued use debilitates. Internally,
water is a diuretic. It is the mi >st useful of all the sol-
vents in pharmacy. The following are the official pre-
parations and forms : A. bulliens, boiling water. A.
communis, common water. A. destillata, distilled
water. A. fervens, hot water. A. fluvialis, river-
water. A. fontana, well- or spring-water. A.
marina, sea- water. A. pluvialis, rain-water. See
also Mineral Water. Aqua in pharmacy also
designates various medicated waters : as A.ammoniae,
water of ammonia ; A. anethi, dill water; A. chlori,
chlorin water; A. rosae, rose water. A. fortis. See
Acid, Nitric. A. regia. See A. Nitrohydrochloric.
A. tofana, a celebrated secret poison, prepared in the
17th century at Palermo by a woman named Toffana.
It was probably arsenical. A. Vitae, Brandy or
Spirit, q. ?>. In anatomy, A. labyrinthi, the clear
fluid existing in the labyrinth of the ear.

Aquaecapsulitis [a-kwe-kap-su-W '-tis) [aqua, water ;
capsula, a capsule ; trig, inflammation]. Serous iritis.

Aquaeductus [a-kwe-duk' -tus). See Aqueduct.

Aquamalarial Fever [a-kwa-mal-af-re-aT). Synonym
of Malarial Fever. See Fever.

Aquapuncture iak-wah-pungk' '-chur) [aqua, water;
punctura, a puncture]. Counter-irritation by means
of a very fine jet of water impinging upon the skin ;
useful in neuralgia and other nerve disorders.

Aquatic (a-kivat'-ik) [aqua, water]. Pertaining to
water. A. Cancer. Synonym of Cancrum

Aqueduct, or Aqueductus [ak'-we-dukt, or a

duk'-tus) [aqua, water ; ductus, a leading]. Used of
ducts or canals in various parts of the body. A.
cerebri, the infundibulum. A. cochleae, aquedui
the cochlea. A. of Cotunnius, the aqueduct of the
vestibule, extending from the utricle to the posterior
will of the pyramid in the brain. A. Fallopii. the
canal of the portio dura in tin- petrous portion ol
temporal bom-. A. Sylvii, the aqueduct of Sylvius
from the third to the fourth ventricle, the iter a /
ad quartum ventriculum. A. vestibuli, aquedui
the vestibule of the ear.

Aqueous [a'-kwe-us) [aqua, water]. Referring to
water; watery. A. Chamber of the Eye, the
space between the cornea and the lens ; the iris
divides it into an anterior and a posterior chamber.
A. Extract, a solid preparation of a drug made by
evaporation of its aqueous solution. A. Humor, the
fluid tilling tin- anterior chamber of the eye.

Aquiducous [a-kwe-dur-kus] [aquiducus ; aqua, \\.
ducere, to lead]. Hydragogue.

Aquilaria [a-kwil-a' '-re-ak) [L.]. A genus of trees.
A. agallocha, a tree oi 9 I . Asia producing the
true aloes-wood, or eagle-wood, valued in perfumery,
but no longer employed in regular pharmacy or prac-
tice. A. ovata and A. secundaria also furnish
varieties of aloes-wood. L'nof.

Aquilegia (ah-wit-e'-je-ah) [E.]. A genus of ranun-
culaceous plants of many species. A. vulgaris has
active medicinal qualities ; but none of the species are
now much used in regular practice.

Aquiparous [a-kwip* '-ar-us\ [aqua, water; pa re re, to
bring forth]. Producing water, or affording watery
secretions; said of glands, as the lachrymal and
parotid.

Aquocapsulitis [a-kwo-kap-su-W '-tis) [aqua, water;
a/a, a small box]. Serous iritis, q. v.

Aquosity (a- kotos' -it-e) [aquositas, watery]. The state
or condition of being watery.

Aquula [ak-wu'-laK) [L.]. A small aqueous collec-
tion. A. cotunnii, the perilymph, q. r.

Arabic [arf-ab-ik\ [Apa(3iic6g, Arabic]. Of or pertain-
ing to Arabia. A. Acid. See Arabin. A. Gum.
See Acacia.

Arabin {ar'-ab-in) [ApaflucSg, Arabic], M.\I1.

-f- H,0. Arabic Acid. A transparent, glassy, amor-
phous mass, an exudate from many plants, making a
clear solution in water. It is the principal constituent
of gum arabic. See Carbohydrates, Tab!

Arabinose [ar' -ab-in-os) ['Apa . Vrabic], C5H10O5.

One of the glucoses. Made from gum arabic on 1
ing with dilute H2S04. It crystallizes in shining
prisms that melt at 1000 ; is slightly soluble in c<>M
water, has a sweet taste, and reduces Fehling's .-.olu-
tion, but is not fermented by yea^t. See Carbohydr
Table of.

Arabis (ar'-ab-is) ['ApaS/Knr, Arabic]. A genus of
cruciferous herbs ; rock cresses, or wall cresses. A.
chinensis, of Asia, and A. sagittata and A. tha-
liana, of Europe, are stimulant and -tomachic. The
seeds of some species yield an oil much like that of
rape-seed. Unof.

Arabite (ar'-ab-it\ ['Apafiiicdg, Arabic], C-H,,0-. A
substance formed from arabinose by the action of
sodium amalgam. It crystallizes from hot alcohol
in shining needles, melting at 1020. It has a sweet
taste, but does not reduce Fehling's solution.

Arabonic Acid [ar-ab-on* - hid.

Arachis (ar'-ak-is) [apaxog, a leguminous plant]. A
genus of leguminous plants. A. hypogaea. See
Growiil Nut.

Arachnidium [ar-ak-nid'-e-urn) [apaxyfl, a spider].
In biology, the secreting spinning apparatus of spider.^.

ARACHN1 1 IS

106

ARCHEBIOSIS

consisting of live kinds of glands, over one thousand
in all, producing a secretion insoluble in water and
with a nitrogenous ba-i>, forming the fine, silky threads
of the v.

Arachnitis at ak n '-/ [ ■■ ; . a spider's web; rriq,
inflammation]. Inflammation fi the arachnoid mem-
brane of the brain.

Arachnoid (ar- a spider's web;

. 1 tih]. Resembling a web. A. Cavity, the
space between the arachnoid membrane and the dura
mater. A. Membrane, the delicate serous membrane
of the brain and cord between the dura and pia mater.
Sub-arachnoid fluid. S pinal Fluid.

Arachnoidal (ar-ak-n [apaxytj, a spider's web;

, form]. Pertaining to the arachnoid.

Arachnoiditis (ar ak noid-i'-Hs). Same as Arachnitis.

Arachno-pia (ar - ak' '- no - pi' '- ak) \apaxyt], a spider's
web; ius"]. The arachnoid and the pia

considered together.

Arachnorrhinitis (ar-ak-nor-iu-4* -tis) [apa\i/j, spider;
. nose ; inc. inflammation] . A disease of the nasal
-ages supposed to be due to the presence of a spider.

Arachnotitis (ar-ah-no-ti'-tis) [ap&xvq, spider;

; itic, inflammation]. Inflammation said to be
caused by a spider in the auditory canal.

Arack (ar'-ak) [/W. ]. A spirituous liquor distilled
from rice, dates, palm-sap, or cocoanut juice, used in
Asia, etc.

Araeometer (ar-e-om'-et-er). See Areometer.

Araeotic (ar-e-of-ik). See Areotic.

Aralia (ar-at '-le-ak) [I-]. A genus of plants, order
Araliaceae, embracing several species, having aromatic,
diaphoretic, and resolvent properties. Ginseng, wild
sarsaparilla, petty morrel, and other plants esteemed in
popular medicine belong here; few have active quali-
ties of high value in any disease. Unof.

Aran-Duchenne's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.

Araneae Tela (ar-a'-ne-e te'-lah). See Cobweb.

Araneous (ar-a* -ne-us) [aranea, a spider's web]. Full
of webs; resembling a cobweb. A. Membrane,
the arachnoid.

Arantius, Bodies of. See Corpora. A., Canal of.

Canal. A., Duct of. See Duct. A., Nodules

of. See Arantius, Bodies of. A., Valves of. See

Valvula arantii. A., Ventricle of, a small cul de-sac

in the medulla oblongata.

Arar (a/-rar) [Uarbary]. The tree Callitris quadri-
valvis of N. W. Africa. It produces sandarac.

Araroba (ar-ar-o,-bah) [Brazil]. 6 der. An

oxidation product of resin found deposited in the wood
of the trunk of the A. andira of Brazil. Its active
principle is Chrysarobin or Chrysophanic acid, q.v.
It is largely used in skin affections.

Arasa (ar-a'-sak) [S. Am.]. The root of a plant
native to l!razil and Uruguay. The active principle of
the drug is found in the tuberosities o! th spe-

cially in the bark, which is quite thick. In taste a
decoction of the drug resembles that of cascarilla. It
i- an excellent remedy in metrorrhagia, acting where
hydrastis is ineffectual. No unpleasant secondary
cts have been noted. Unof.

Arbor (ar'-bor) [I..]. A name for the arbor vita of the
cerebellum. A. Vitae, a term applied to the arbores-
cent appearance of a section of the cerebellum, and
also to a similar appearance of the folds of the interior
of the cervix uteri. See Thuja.

Arborization iar-bor-iz-a' 'shun \ [arbor, a tree]. A
form of nerve termination in which the nerve fibers
brought into contact with the muscle liber by
■ ns of an expansion.

Arbuscula (ar-bus/-ku-lak) [L.]. A small shrub hav-
ing the appearance of a diminutive tree.

Arbutin (ar'-bu-tin) [arbutus, the wild strawberry tree],
<.'iJI|,,( >.. A bitter glucosid obtained from / va ursi,
orbearberry. It is neutral, crystalline, and resolvable
into glucose and nydroquinon. Arbutin is an efficient
diuretic. Dosegr. xv— xxx. Sec Uvaursi.

Arbutus (ar bu'-tu>) [L.]. A genus of ericaceous
shrub- and trees. A. menziesii, tin- madrono of
California, has an astringent bark, useful in diarrheas.
Unof. A. unedo, tin- European arbute, is astringent
and narcotic. A., Trailing. See Epigteo.

A.TC(ark) [arc us, a bow]. In craniometry, a measure-
ment taken on tin- outside of the skull, following its
curves. A., Binauricular, a measurement from the
centerof one auditory meatus to tin- other, directly up-
ward across the top of the head. A., Bregmato-
lambdoid, a measurement along the sagittal suture.
A., Naso-bregmatic, from the root of the nose to the
bregma. A., Naso-occipital, measurenu nt from the
root of the nose to the lowest occipital protuberance.

Arcanum (ar-kaf-nutn) [arcanum, a secret]. A medi-
cine whose composition is kept secret.

Arcate (ar'-hat) [arca/us, bow-shaped]. Bow-shaped;
curved ; arcuate.

Arch (arch) [anus, a bow]. A term applied to the
curved shape of several various parts of the body. A.
of Aorta. See Aorta. A., Branchial, the cartilagin-
ous arches that support the gills (branchiae) of fishes.
In the human fetus they are also present. See Cleft.
A. of Colon. See Colon. A. of Corti, the art h that
the pillars of the organ of Corti make over the basilar
membrane of the cochlea. A , Crural. See Pou~
part's Ligament. A. of Fallopius, a name for the
arch formed by I'oupart's ligament. A. Femoral,
*a.me &s A .Crural. A., Palmar, the arch formed by the
radial artery in crossing the bones of the metacarpus.
A., Plantar, the arch made by the external plantar
artery. A., Post-oral, arches in the fetus, five in num-
ber, that develop into the lower jaw and throat. See
A., Branchial. A. of Pubes, that part of the pelvis
formed by the convergence of the rami of the ischia
and pubes on each side. A., Supra-orbital, the curved
and prominent margin of the frontal bone beneath the
superciliary ridge, that forms the upper boundary of
the orbit. A. of a Vertebra, the part of a vertebra
formed of two pedicles and two laminae and enclosing
the spinal foramen. A., Zygomatic, the arch formed
by the malar and temporal bones.

Archaeocyte (ar^-ke-o-sit) [apxcuoc-, ancient; uimq, a
hollow (a cell)]. In biology, one of the irregular
ameboid cells — mesameboids — imbedded in a \v\\\ like
matrix and occurring between the two primitive epi-
thelia of the body, in the I'orifera.

Archaeostoma, Archaeostome (ar-ke-os'-to-mak, ar'-
ke-o-stdni). See Archistonte.

Archaeus (ar-kc' us) [apxaiag, ancient]. In spagiric
medicine, the invisible counterpart of the visible body ;
si ilar heat as a source oi life.

Archamceba (ark-am-e' '-bah) \apxfl> primitive; aft,
change]. Haeckel's hypothetical progenitor of all
amebic and of all higher forms oi life.

Archamphiaster, or Archiamphiaster (ark-am-fe-as/-
tcr, or ar he am /, as'-tcr) [«'/'. I'm hist ; an,,,, anmnd ;

aarfjp, star]. In biology, those amphiasters concerned
in the production oi the polar globuli s.

Archangelica (ark-an-jel'-ik-ah) [apxayyeXucSs, arch-
angel]. A genus of umbelliferous plants; ./. abropur-
put nalis , and ativa afford Angelica Root, </.'•■

Archebiology (ar-ke-bi-ol' -o-je) [''/'<('/• beginning;
life : '/ii-.ur, discourse]. The study of the simplest or
: primitive forms or beginnings ot life.

Archebiosis (ar-ke-, \"-'\;- the beginning;

jiiuac, life], din theoretical origin of living organ-

ARCHKC l'KiMA

107

ARCHOSYRINX

isms from non-living matter. See Generation, S^
taneous ; Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis.
Archecptoma {ark-ek-to' '-maA) [dp;f dc, anus ; ex, out;

■xrijfia, a falling]. Prolapse of the rectum.
Archegenesis {ark-e-jen'-es-is). The sami a / ckebi-

os is.
Archegonium {ark-e-go* '-ne-um) \p\pxfl, first; ydvog,
race]. The female reproductive organ of the higher
cryptogams.

Archegony [ar-kt-g'-o -«< ) [«<> i , <'• , first of a race].
The doctrine of spontaneous generation.

Archenteric {ark-en-ter1 '-ik) [apxVi first; , in-

testine]. Relating to the archenteron.

Archenteron {ark-eii'-ter-on) \apxv, -i beginning;
ivTEpov, intestine]. In biology, the embryonic ali-
mentary cavity. The entodermal sac of the gastrula ;
archigaster ; ccelenteron.

Archepyon (ar-ke-pi' -on) [dp/c^, a beginning; -or,
pus]. Pus that has become caseated, or so thick that
it does not flow. A term proposed by Roswell Park.

Archespore, Archesporium [ar'-ke-spor, -e-um) [a
a beginning ; anopd, a seed]. In biology, the cells
that give rise to the lining of the anther-cell and to
the mother-cells of the pollen.

Archesthetism [ark-es' -thet-izm) \}ipx'l, first ; alaOdve-
otiai, to perceive]. The doctrine that animal move-
ments are primitively determined by sensibility or
consciousness.

Archet [ar-chef or ar-sha') [Fr.]. A bow formerly used
to operate the drill in lithotrity.

Archetype (ar'-ke-tlp) \_apx'j, a beginning ; rv—og, a
type]. In comparative anatomy, an ideal type or form
with which the individuals or classes may be compared.
A standard type.

Archhydra [ark-Ai' '-draA) \apxVy first; iidup, water].
A primitive polyp.

Archiater {tir-ke-a'-ter) [dp^jcrrpdc, a chief physician].
The head physician in a court, as in that of Russia.

Archiblast \arf-ke-blast) \apXV, first; .i'/aaroq, germ].
In embryology, the granular areola surrounding the
germinal vesicle. It is composed of three layers, the
outer, or epiblast, from which the skin and its adnexa,
the nervous system, and the terminal portions of the
alimentary canal are formed ; the middle, or mcsoblast,
from which the epithelium of the genito-urinary
organs and the smooth and striated muscle-tissue is
derived ; and the inner, or hypoblast, for the develop-
ment of the epithelium of the respiratory tract and of
the alimentary canal.

Archiblastic {ar-he-blas'-tik) [apxfy, f"rst '■> ($%aoT6g,
germ]. Derived or supposed to be derived from
the archiblast. The parenchymatous elements are
regarded as archiblastic.

Archiblastoma [ar-ke-blas-to' -maA) \apxn, first; fi'/an-
rog, germ; dfia, a tumor: pi. , Archiblastomata~\.
Any tumor composed of archiblastic or parenchyma-
tous elements, such as myoma, neuroma, papilloma,
epithelioma, adenoma, carcinoma, etc.

Archiblastula (ar-ke-blas' ' -tu-laA)\ap \/t. first ; Shaardg,
a germ or bud]. In embryology, a ciliated, vesicular
morula, resulting from complete and regular yelk-
division and by invagination forming the archigastrula.

Archicercal [ar-ke-ser'-kal ) [apxq, chief ; tcipog, tail].
In biology, having the tail primitive, without tin-folds.

Archicharp (ar^-ke-karp) \apxv, first; Kapirdg, fruit].
See Ascogonium.

Archicytula [ar-ke-sit' '-u-lah) [apxv, a beginning;
tcurog, a cell]. A fertilized egg cell in which the
nucleus is discernible.

Archigaster {ar-ke-gas/-ter) \apx^, first ; yatrriip, belly].
The primitive, perfectly simple intestine ; archenteron.

Archigastrula [ar-ke-gas'-tru-lah) \hpXQ, beginning;

yaoTfjp, belly]. The gastrula as it i- observed in the

1 1 1 < . -, t primitive types of animal development ; called al-o

bell gastrula from its shape.
Archigenesis [ar-ke-jen'-es-is). See Arckebiosis.
Archil [<!>■' kit ) [ME. , orckell\ A coloring matter

somewhat like litmus, chiefly obtained from the lichen,

Roecella tinctoria ; used for staining animal tissues.

Sei (us of Pigments, under Pigment.

Archimonerula (ar-ke-mon-er* -u-laA) [apxfit first;

UOVTjprjg, single, solitary]. In embryology, a special

name given by Haeckel to the monerula stage of an

egg undergoing primitive and total cleavage.
Archimorula iar-k mor' -u-lah) [apXf], first; popov, a

mulberry]. In embryology, the .solid mass of cleavage

(ells, or mulberry mass, arising from tin- segmentation

of an archicytula. and preceding the archiblastula and

archigastrula.
Archinephric [ar-ke-neff-rik) [","!',• first; . the

kidnej j. Pertaining to the archinephron.
Archinephron [ar-ke-nef f -ron) [apxv, beginning;

vetypog, the kidney]. The primitive or embryonic

stage of the kidney or renal apparatus.
Archipin [ar-kip'-in). See CAibou.
Archipterygium (ar-kip-tcr-ij' -c-uni) \apxfl, first; frre-
v, a wing]. In biology, a ground form, persisting

in a few cases only, and representing the first and

lowest stage of the skeleton of the anterior extremity

of vertebrates.
Archistome (ar'-kis-tom) [up \'/, first; rsrnuii. mouth].

The gastrula mouth or opening to the archenteron ;

blastoporus.
Architis (ar-ki'-t/s) [dp^dc, anus]. Proctitis; inflam-
mation of the anus.
Architroch {ar,-ke-trok) [apxv* first; rpo .a disk].

The ciliated band about the mouth of a planula.
Archocele (ar^-ko-sel, or ar-ko-sc' -Ic) [ unus ;

Ki'/A//, hernia]. Rectal hernia.
Archocystocolposyrinx, or Archocolpocystosyrinx

(ar-ko-sis-to-kol-po-sir/-ingks, or ar-ko-kol-po-sis-to-

si7-'-ingks) \_apx<>c, anus ; twang, bladder ; k62 ~ .

vagina; avpi);. fistula]. Recto-vesico-va^inal fistula.
Archometrum (ar-ko-mef '-rum) [dp^dc, ami-
measure]. A device for ascertaining the caliber of

the anus, or for dilating its sphincters.
Archoptoma | ar-kop-tot-mah \ [dp \og, anus ; KTapa, a

fall]. A prolapse of the rectum.
Archoptotic [ar-kop-tot'-ik) [apx»<\ anus ; -ruua, a

fall]. Relating to archoptoma or archoptosis.
Archoptosis (ar-kop-to' '-sis) [apxog, aim- ; irruoig, a

falling]. Rectal prolapse.
Archorrhagia {ar-ko-ra? -je-ah) [apxog, anus ; ,'>/,; i

to break out]. Rectal hemorrhage.
Archorrhagic {ar-ko [dp;rdc, anus ;

t<> break out]. Relating to rectal hemorrh
Archorrhea [ar-ko-re1 '-ah) [dp^dc, anus; ■• Iv, to flow].
A discharge of blood or of any pathologic fluid from

the anus.
Archos (ar'-kos) [apx'k, the anus]. The anus.
Archostegnoma [ar-ko-stes^-no1 '-maA) [dp^dc, anus;

oreyvdeiv, to consolidate]. Archostenosis ; a rectal

stricture.
Archostegnosis {ar-ko-steg-no,-sis) [dp^dc, aim-;

<ooig, a stopping]. A rectal stricture.
Archostegnotic [ar-ko-ste^-nof -ik) [dp^fdc, amis;
i stopping]. Relating to a rectal stricture.
Archostenosis {ar-ko-sten-o' -sis) [dp^fdc, anus ; or

narrow]. Stricture of the rectum.
Archostenotic 1 1/ ■--•.■■ '-ik) [dp;rdc, anus;

narrow]. Relating to rectal stricture.
Archosyrinx {ar-ko-sir/-ingks) [dp^fdc, anus; nim-;. a

pipe]. I. A syringe for the rectum. 2. Fistula in

ano.

ARCIFORM

108

ARG* N II M

Arciform [ / u . bow, arch; forma,

form]. Bow-shaped; especially used to designate
certain sets of fibers in the oblongata.

Arctation xrk- arc/are, to draw

close together], i. Contraction or lessening of an

ning <>r of the lumen aal. ~. Lnfibulation.

Arctium [1. ] Burdock. S<

Arctostaphylos See I a ursi

and .!/.<

Arcual . ') [areualis, arched]. Arched ; bent

or curved.

Arcuate ir'-ku-Ht) [arcuatio, a bowing]. Arched;
curved ; bow-sha

Arcuation xr-ku t'-shun) [arcttatio, a bowing] Curva-
ture of an) bone, as of the tibia or sternum; curvature
of the vertebral column.

Arcuatus < a/-tus) [arcus, a bow]. Bent or

curved in an arched form. A. morbus, a former
name for jaundii

Arculus .'• ' ku-lu i [dim. of arcus, a bow]. An
arching support lor bed-clothes.

Arcus | ■ us, a bow]. A bow or arch. A.

dentalis, the dental arch. A. senilis, in the old, the
ring of fatty degeneration of the corneal tissue about
the periphery. A. zygomaticus, the zygomatic arch.

Ardent f) [ardere, ardens, to bum] . Burning;

fiery ; glowing ; accompanied by a sensation of burn-
ing. A. Fever, heat fever or thermal fever. A.
Spirits, alcoholic liquors. See Spiritus.

Ardor [ar,-dor\ [ardor, heat]. Violent heat, burning;
applied to fevers and the sexual passion. A. urinae,
burning pain in the inflamed urethra during micturition.

Area I | [area, an open space]. Anj space with

boundaries. A. celsi. See Alopecia areata. A's.,
Cohnheim's, certain clear-cut areas seen in a trans-
verse section of muscle-iiber. A., Crural, a space
at the base of the brain included between the pons
and chiasm. A. germinativa, or embryonic
the oval germinating spot of the embryo. A. opaca,
the opaque circle about the A. pellucida. A. pellu-
cida, the light central portion of the A. germinativa.
A., Postpontile, the ventral aspect of the mesen-
cephalon. A. vasculosa, the vascularization of the
A.

Areca Nut (ar'-ek-ah). See Betel.

Arecane, Arekane [ar,-ek-dn) [Malay]. An oily and
volatile basic substance obtainable from areca nut ; said
to be a purgative and sialagogue, and to slow the
pulse. Unof.

Arecin {ar'-es-in) [Sp., areca'], G,,lI.,r)\T./). I. An
organic base isomeric with brucin, derived from
cinchona bark. 2. A brown-red coloring matter,
lined from areca nuts; areca red.

Arecolin ar-e*-k fin |[Sp. , aret </], ( '.H]:.X02. A liquid
alkaloid isolated from the seeds of Areca catechu. It
i- strongly alkaline, very soluble in water, alcohol,
ether, or < hloroform, and boil- at 220° ('. It is a pow-
erful ; ecting the heart similarly to muscarin.
It has anthelmintic properties Dose gr. ,'. •-,',,.

Arefaction {ar-e-fak* hun) [arefaclio ; arefacere, t"
make dry], i. Exsiccation or desiccation. Theremoval
of the structural or constitutional water from a .-lib-
stance. 2. The drying of drugs before powdering
them. ;. Dryness, as of the -kin. 4. Withering,
as of a paralyzed limb.

Arena < t/-nah) [arena, sand] . 1. Brick-dust deposit
from urine ; gravel. 2. Sabulous matter ; brain-sand.

Arenaceous •< naf-se-us) [arenacem : arena, sand].
( )f the naturi 1 or gravel ; sabulous.

Arenation (ar-e-na/ -shun) [arena, sand], Asand-bath.
The application of hot sand to a limb or part of the
body. See Ammotherapy.

Areola [ar-e* o-lah) [dun. of area, an open space:^/.,
Areola!. 1. The brownish space surrounding the
nipple of the female breast. This i- sometimes called
Areola papillaris. \ ondary areola, surrounding
this, occurs during pregnancy. The pigmentation
about the umbilicus is called tin- umbilical areola. 2.
Any interstice or minute -pace in a tissue.

Areolar [ar-e^-o-lar) [areola, dim. of area, an open
space]. Relating to or characterized by areolse. A.
Tissue, cellular tissue; connective tissue.

Areolate, or Areolated {ar-e1 '-o-lot, or ar-e^-o-la-ted)
[areola, dim. of area, an open space]. Marked or
characterized by arei

Areometer [ar-e-om' | . thin, light ; ftirpov,

a measure]. An instrument for estimating the specific
gravity or strength of liquids, especially alcoholic
liquids.

Areometry [ar-e-om' -et-re) [apai6e, thin, light; ukrpav,
a measure]. The use of the areometer ; estimation of
the specilic gravity of lluids.

Areotic [ar-e-of '-ik) [apaide, thin], 1. Attenuant ;
thinning the humors ; increasing perspiration. 2. An
attenuant remedy.

Arethusa [ar-eth u'-sah) ['Ap&Oowra, a fountain]. A
genus of orchidaceous plants. A. bulbosa, of North
America, ha- root tubes that are popularly used as
a material for poultices, and are said to form a useful
application for toothache. Unof.

Arevareva (ar-a-var-af -vah) [Tahitian], A scaly
skin-disease said to be caused by the habitual use of
the drug A'ava, a. v. It is accompanied by eye-disease,
with dimness of vision.

Argal [ar'-gat). See Argol.

Argamblyopia [ar-gam-ble-o* '-pe-ah) [dpydc, idle, dis-
used ; iiu i/i'i.iT/ii, dim-sightednessj. Amblyopia due
to disuse of the eye.

Argamblyopic [ar-gam-ble-op' -ik) [npySc, idle ;
apfi'/ i'(.,-i a, dim-sightedness]. Affected with argam-
blyopia.

Argand-lamp. A form of lamp with a tubular wick.

Argan-oil [ar1 '-gan-oil) [Arab., arg&n\. An oil
derived from the seeds contained in the fruit of the
argan-tree. It is a good substitute for olive-oil.

Argan-tree [arf -gan-tre) [Arab., argan\. The
Argania nderoxylon, an evergreen tree of the N. W.
of Africa, order Sap it yields a useful oil.

Argel [ar^-gel) [Syrian]. A plant, Solenostemma
argel, of the eastern Mediterranean region; also its
leaves, which are used to adulterate senna; also the
Go»iphocarpus fruticosus, of Africa, whose leaves are
similarly employed. Unof.

Argema [ar* - jem-ah) [ap] efia, an ulcer ://. , Argemata~\,
A white ulcer of the margin of the cornea, following
phlyctenula.

Argemone [ar-jem-of-ne) [apyepov, an ulcer]. A genus
of plants. A. mexicana, the horned or prickly
poppy, a plant native to North America. It is said to
have hypnotic qualities, and its seeds afford a purga-
tive oil. Unof.

Argentation [ar'-jen-taf -shun) [argentum, silver].
Staining with a preparation of silver.

Argentic iar-jen' -tik) [argentum, silver]. Pertaining
to, or of the nature of silver. Containing silver a- a
univalent radical.

Argentine [ar,-jen-tin) [argentum, silver]. Contain-
ing or resembling silver.

Argentum [ar-jenf -turn) [L. : ' nti\ Silver.

Ag 108; quantivalence, I. A malleable and ductile
metal of brilliant white luster. It tarnishes only in the
presence of free sulphur, sulphur gases, and phosphorus
It is an excellent substance 1 01 vessels used in pharm
and for sutures used in surgery. The following salts

ARGIAMBLY< »I'IA

109

ARMY ITCH

are used: A. cyanidum, AgCN,used in the prepara-
tion of hydrocyanic acid. A. iodidum, Agl, some-
times used internally instead of A. nitras. I
gr. 5^-j. A. nitras, AgNOs> " nitrate of silver,"
argentic nitrate, " lunar caustic, " a powerful astringent
and an escharotic of moderate strength. It -tains
skin and other tissues black when applied in strength.
In small doses it stimulates the heart and n
If too long continued, it leaves a slate colored, insolu-
ble deposit of silver under the skin [Argyria). Dose
gr. '(,-'.. A. nitras dilutus, the mitigated caustic or
dilute stick is fused with an equ il weight of potassium
nitrate. A. nitras fusus, "stick caustic." ' on-
tains four percent, of silver chlorid. It i.- used locally.
A. oxidum, Ag20, explosive when treated with am-
monia. Dose gr. '2 ij- A. vivum, an old name for
mercury or quicksilver.

Argiamblyopia {ar-ge-am-ble-or -pe-ah) \apyia, disuse;
<///,•>'/ rt.izia. dim sightedness]. See Argamblyopia.

Argilla {ar-jil '-alt) [dpytAAoc, potter's clay]. White
or potter's clay, alumina. See Bole.

Argol (ar^-gol) \apy6q, white]. The impure tartar
derived from wine. See Tartar.

Argyll-Robertson Pupil. See Signs and Symptoms,
Table of, and Pupil.

Argyll-Robertson's Operation. See Operations,
Table of.

Argyria [ar-jirf -e-ak) [argentum, silver]. A form of
chloasma or discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes produced by the prolonged administration
of nitrate of silver, the molecules of silver being de-
posited in much the same position as those of the
natural pigment of the skin. It may be general, from
internal administration, or local, from its local applica-
tion.

Argyriasis (ar-jir-i '-as-is). See Argytia.

Argyrosis [ar-jir-o' -sis) . Same as Argyria, q.v.

Arhinia [ak-rin' '-e-aK) [a priv. ; p\q, nose]. Congen-
ital absence of the nose.

Arhythmia [ar-ith'-me-ah). See Arrhythmia.

Aricin [ar'-is-iri) [Arica, ia Peru], C23H26N204. An
alkaloid obtained from several varieties of cinchona
bark.

Ariditas (ar-i/'-it-as) [L., " dryness"]. A dried or
withered condition of any part or organ.

Aridura (ar-id-u'-rah) [L.]. Dryness; a drying up,
withering, or wasting of a part, or of the organism as
a whi »le.

Aril, or Arillus {ar'-il, or arf-il-us) \aridus, dry]. In
biology, the accessory coat of certain seeds, growing
from the funiculus, hilum, or placenta, as the mace of
nutmegs.

Arisema [ar-is-et-mah) [apov, arum ; of/un, a sign].
A genus of araceous herbs. A. atrorubens, the wild
or Indian turnip, or Jack-in-the-1'ulpit of Eastern X.
America. Its corm is strongly stimulant and acrid,
with emetic, expectorant, and sternutatory qualities.
Other species have similar properties. Uhof.

Arista [ar-is'-tah) [I..]. In biology, the awn or beard
of certain flower- or animals.

Aristate (ar-is'-tat) [arista, the awn or beard of grain].
In biology, awned. Tipped with a bristle.

Aristol [arf-is-tol\ \_apiaroc, best; oleum, oil], (CgH2-
CH3OI.C3H7)2. Annidalin; Dithymol-iodid. An
iodin compound used a- a substitute for iodoform as an
antiseptic dressing. It has the advantage of being
odorless, and is used either in the powder form or as
a five to ten per cent, ointment with vaselin or lanolin.

Aristolochia [ar-is-to-lo' -ke-ah) \apiat

the lochia]. A genus of exogenous herbs, many
species of which have active medicinal qualities. A.
clematitis, of Europe, has been used as a tonic. stimu-

lant, and diaphoretic. A. cymbifera, of S. America,
furnishes a part of the <lrug called Guaco [a. v.), and
i- a good tonic and stimulant. A. serpentaria
Serpentaria) is at present mire used in medicine than
any other species.

Aristolochic [ar-is-to-lo' '-kik) [apurrog, best ; /"(. "', the
lochia], i. Having the property of expelling the
placenta, or of exciting or promoting the lochial dis-
charge. 2. A medicine used for expelling the -ecun-
dinesor for exciting the lochial flow.

Aristolochin [ar-isto-lo/-kin) [apurrog, best; /■■
the lochia]. A bitter principle found in Virginia
snake-root. See Serpentaria.

Aristotle's Experiment. The double feeling experi-
ence! by the fingers when a single pebble is placed
between the crossed fingers of one hand.

Aristulate [ar-is'-tu-ldt) [aristula, dim. of Arista, awn
or beard of grain]. In biology, having a short awn.

Arithmomania (ar-itA-mo-ma'-ne-aA) [apidpog, a Dum-
ber; uavia, madness]. An insane anxiety with
regard to the number of things that fall under
the observation. Sometimes it i onsists in constant
or uncalled-for counting, either of objects or in mere
repeating of consecutive numbers.

Arlt-Jaesche's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Arlt's Ointment. An ointment containing grs. viis
belladonna to %)% of blue ointment, for use in bleph-
arospasm.

Arlt's Operation. See Operations. 7

Arm i arm) [armare, to arm]. I. That part of the upper
extremity from the shoulder to the wrist. 2. That por-
tion of the stand connecting the body or tube of a
microscope to the pillar.

Armadillo lar-ma-dil' '-o) [Sp.,dim. of armado, armed].
A trade-name for a proprietary arrangement of pi..
straps, and buckles worn upon the person fir its
alleged electric effects.

Armamentarium [ar-ma-men-ta' '-re-um) [I... an
arsenal]. The outfit of medicines or in-truments of
the physician or surgeon.

Armarium [ar-ma' -re-urn) [L.]. See Armamentarium.

Armature lar* -mat-chur) \armatura, equipment]. A
mass of soft iron at the extremity of a magnet.
the core of iron around which coils of insulated wire
are wound or disposed.

Arma urticaria [ar/-mah er-tik-a' -re-ah) [I..]. The
urticating weapons of Ccelentera:

Arm-chair, Charcot's. See Shaking Cure.

Armed Tape-worm. See Tenia solium.

Armenian (<ir- me/-nt ■-,;>! \ [Armenia]. Of or belonging
to Armenia. A. Blue. Same a- Ultramarine. A.
Bole, a reddish, unctuous earth or clay formerly
much used in medicine, now used in tooth-powders
and in veterinary practice. It is absorbent and
astringent.

Armilla (ar-mil'-ah) \armilla, a bracelet, ring]. I. In
biology, the annular ligament of the wrist ; a colored
ring on the tibia of a bird or the plaited frill on the
stipe of certain mushroom-. 2. The Gasserian gang-
lion.

Armpit yarm' -pit' \armus, shoulder ; puteus,& well].
The axilla.

Armus iar'-mus) \armu . :t!der~\. The

arm, or the arm and shoulder.

Army Itch [ar* '-me itch). A distressing chronic form
of itch prevalent in the United States at the close of
the civil war. The itching wa- intense. The erup-
tion was seen especially on the arm-, forearms, chest,
abdomen, and lower extremities, particularly on the
ulnar side of the forearm and inner aspect of the
thigh. It resembled prurigo associated with vesicles,
pustules, and eczema.

ARNANDON i.Kl 1 N

110

ARSENICAL

Arnandon Green. Same as Mitt '/•■/■' s Green,
Arnatto (ar-naf-o). See Annotto.

Arnica (ar'-nih-ah) [L,.:gen., Arnica]. A gennsof com-
posite-flowered plants. The name in medicine de

note- the plant commonly known as " Leopard's
bane," A. montana. Both (lowers and roots arc used
in medicine. Its properties arc probably due to an
alkaloid, trimethylamin , « ll,\ In small doses it i-
a cardiac stimulant ; in larger doses a depressant. In
toxu doses it frequently causes death. It is a popular
remedy, when locally applied, For sprains, bruises and
surface wound-, and i> valuable also in typhus and
typhoid fevers as an antipyretic. A., Emplastrum,
contain- ext. ^\ root 33, resin plaster "7 part-. A.,
Ext. Radicis. Dose gr. j-iij. A., Ext. Rad. Fid.
Dose n\,v-xx. A., Infusum, 20 parts (lowers, 100
parts water. Superior to the tincture for local use. A.,
Tinct., 20percent. Dose tr^v— xxx. A., Tinct. Rad.,
10 per cent. 1 (ose tT^v— xxx. Trimethylamin, (unof.).
Dose gr. ij-iij in syrup. Arnicae flores, arnica flow-
ers. Arnicae radix, the root of arnica.

Arnicin 1 ir'-nis-in) [arnica], C20H30O4. A brownish,
bitter glucosid extracted from the (lowers of Arnica
montana.

Arnold's Convolution. See Convolutions, Tabic of.
A. Fold, valvula lachrymalis superior, a fold of the
mucous membrane seen in the lachrymal sac. A.
Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. A. Nerve. See
Nerves, Table of . A. Plexus. See Plexus.

Arnott's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. A.
Mixture. See Frigorific Mixture. A. Ventilator.
/ entilation.

Aroma (ar-c/-mah) [apuua, spice]. The volatile fra
grant or odorous emanation of certain vegetable sub
stances.

Aromatic (ar-o-mat' -ik) [apuua, spice]. I. Having a
,-picy odor. 2. A substance characterized by a bag-
rant, spicy taste and odor, as cinnamon, ginger, the es-
sential oils, etc. A stimulant to the gastro-intestinal
mucous membrane. 3. A qualification applied to a
-ries of carbon compounds originating from a nucleus
composed of six carbon-atoms, C6H6. Their stability
is relatively great as compared to the fatty bodies. A.
Acids, those of the ben/in group of hydrocarbons.
A. Compound, any benzyl derivative. A. Fid. Ext.,
aromatic powder 100, alcohol q. s. A. Group, a
•- of hydrocarbons having the composition C,0-

II

16-

A. Powder. See Cinnamomum. A. Vine-

gar, any mixture of aromatic oils with vinegar. It is
u.-ed as a stimulating agent. See Acetum.

Aromin (ar-o'-min) [apu/ia, spice]. An alkaloid ob-
tainable from urine, after creatinin, etc., have been
removed from the mother-liquor. When heated it
emit- a fragrant odor.

Arquatus (ar-kwa'-tus) [L., a rainbow]. Showing
several colors. A. morbus, an old name for jaun-
dice, from the discoloration of the skin ;' rainbow
disease.

Arrack (ar'-ak) [Ind.]. Any alcoholic liquor is called
arrack in the East, but arrack proper is a liquor dis-
tilled from toddy, malted rice, 01 d.ites.

Arrak (arr-ak). See Arrack.

Arrector (ar-ek'-tor) [I.., an erector]. A name applied
to certain muscles. A. pili Muscle, a fan like ar-
rangement of a layer of smooth muscular fibers ;ui
rounding the hair follicle, whose contraction erects
the follicle and produces cutis anserina or "goose-
skin."

Arrest {ar-est') [a,/, to; > tare, to withstand]. Mop
page, detention. Arrested development, is when
an organ or organism fails in its normal evolution,
stopping at the initial or intermediate stages of the

process. Arrested head, when in parturition the
child's head i- hindered but not impacted in the pelvic
cavity.

Arrestation (ar-es-ta' '-shun) . Same a- Arrest.

Arrhea (ah-re'-ah) [a priv.; poia, a flow]. The cessa-
tion or suppression of any discharge.

Arrhenotocia (ar-en j . male;

a bringing forth]. A formoi parthenogenesis in which
without coitus male eggs are deposited, as in bees.

Arrhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah) . Same as Arhinia.

Arrhizous (ah-ri'-zusj [a priv.; plra, a root]. In
biology, destitute of roots or rhi/oids, as parasitic
plant.-, certain mosses, hepatic. e, ,te.

Arrhythmia (ah-rith' '-me-ah) [a priv. ; pvBfidg, rhythm].
Absence pi rhythm; chiefly used in the expression ar-
rhythmia cordis, denoting irregularity or lack of rhythm
in the heart's action. See Can//,/. Rhythm.

Arrhythmic (ah-rith' -mik) [a priv. ; pv6fi6c, rhythm].
\\ ithout rhythm ; irregular.

Arrhythmous (ah-rith' -mus). See Arrhythmic.

Arrhythmy (ah-rith' -me) . Same as Arrhythmia.

Arrow-poison (ar'-o-poi'-zuri). See Curare and Gua-
chamaco.

Arrowroot (ar'-o-root) [ME., arow ; roote\ A kind
of starch derived from Maranta arundinacea of the
West Indies, Southern States, etc. It is a popular
remedy for diarrhea, and is widely used as a food.
Many other starchy preparations are sold as arrow-
root.

Arsenate, or Arseniate (ar'- sen - at, ar - sc' ■ tie - at)
[arsenium]. Any salt of arsenic acid. Ferrous
arseniate, arseniate of iron, sparingly used in medi-
cine : it is the ferri arsenias of the 1». P. It is a
tasteless, greenish powder, combining the effects of
iron and arsenic; used largely in anemia and skin
diseases. ' Dose gr. A— \,

Arseniasis (ar sen-i'-as is). Same as Arsenism.

Arsenic, Arsenicum, or Arsenum (ar'-sen-ik, ar-
ea'-i/c uni, or ar-se'-num). As =75 ; quantivalence
in, V. A non-metal having a metallic luster and crys-
talline structure. In small doses it is a stomachic and
general tonic, promoting appetite 'and cardiac action,
and stimulating mental activity. It is of great value in
irritative dyspepsia, and is sometimes used internally to
blanch and clear the skin. In larger doses it creates
skin-eruptions and behaves as a violent corrosh e poison,
acting with cumulative effect. Externally, it is a pow-
erful escharotic, used in cancer. ( )nly the salts and
oxids are used in medicine. A. acid., arsenous acid,
white arsenic, " ratsbane," As.2Or Dose gr. ,',,-,'„.
A., acid., liquor. (Liq.arsenicihydrochlorici, I!. I'.),
a I per cent, solution of the acid in hydrochloric
acid and distilled water. Dose mjj-x. Ferri
arsenas, FejAs,08. Dose gr. ,',., \. Liq. Ar-
senici hydrochlor. (1!. P.). Dose n\,ij-viij. Po-
tassii arsenit., Liq. {Liquor Arsenica lis, B. I'.).
Fowler's solution, contains A. acid 1, potass, bicar-
bonate I, comp. tinct. lavender 3, and distilled water
q. s. ad 100 parts. Dose mjj-x. Sodii arsenas,
Na,HAs04.7H20. Do-.'. .('the dried salt gr. *W*-
Sodii arsenat., Liq., Pearson's solution. Dose,
rr\^ij xv. A. iodid, Asl hose gr. J,,-1. A. et
hydrargyri iod., Liq., liquor of the iodid of arsenic
and mercury, Donovan's solution, contains A. iodid
I, mercuric iodid 1, distilled water loo parts. Dose
TTLij-x. A. bromas, AsBr, valuable in diabetes.
Dose gr. r'lT. A. brom., Liq., Clemens' solution, a
one per cent, solution of the arsenite of bromin. Dose
IT\J— iv. The tests for arsenic are Fleitmann's, Marsh's,
and Reinsch's, for which see Tests, Table of.

Arsenical (ar-sen'-ik-al) [arsenum, arsenic]. Per-
taining to arsenic. A. Devitalizing Fiber, used

ARSENICALISM

111

ARTERIOSITY

in places where pastes would be dangerous, from

leakage.

fy. Absorbent cotton (cross-cut fine)
Arsem mis i >xid, j»r. v

Acetate of morphin, nr x

Oily carbolic acid, q. s., to very thin paste.

Saturate cotton with paste and dry.

A. Paste i /'«/.'. / a French composition,

used as application for destroying the pulps of decayed
teeth.

IjL Arsenous oxid, gr. v

Acetate of morphin, gr. x

Mull in mortar; moisten cotton pellet in either oil of
cloves, eugenol, oily carbolic acid, or dental aconite,
and dip into powder. Seealso Frire Corne.

Arsenicalism [ar-sen' -ik-al-izni). Same as Arsenism.

Arsenicism [ar-sen' '-is-izni). Same as Arsenism,

Arsenicophagy [ar-sen-ik-off'-aje) [arsenum, arsenic;
' elv, to eat]. The habitual eating of arsenic.

Arsenism [ar'-sen-izm) [arsenum, arsenic]. Chronic
arsenical poisoning; arsenicalism.

Arsenite [ar'-sen-lt) [arsenum, arsenic]. Any salt of
arsenous acid.

Arsenization [ar-sen-iz-a' 'shun) [arsenum, arsenic].
Treatment with arsenical remedies.

Arsenoblast [ar-sen' -o-blast) [hparpi, male; 37aaroc,
germ]. In biology, the male element of the sexual
cell, capable of multiplication by division ; the oppo-
site of the thelyblast or female element.

Arsenous, or Arsenious [ar'-sen-us, ar-se' -ne-us) [ar-
senum, arsenic]. Containing arsenic. A. Acid. See
Arsenic.

Arse-smart [ars'-smart). See Polygonum hydropiper.

Arsins [ar'-sinz) [arsenum, arsenic]. Peculiar volatile
arsenical bases found by Selmi to be produced by the
contact of arsenous acid and albuminous substances.

Arsonium (ar-so'-ne-um) [arsenum, arsenic; ammo-
nium], AsH4. A univalent radical in which arsenic
replaces the nitrogen of ammonium.

Arsura [ar-su'-rak) [L., a " burn "]. An old name for
gonorrhea.

Art [art) [ars, artis, skill]. Skill; dexterity. A.,
Dental, the application of the rules of dental surgery
to the treatment of the diseases of the teeth and the
replacement of the loss of those organs.

Artanthe [ar-tan' -the) [C]. A genus of piperaceous
plants. A. elongata, the plant that affords the drug
Ma tic o, q. v. It is a vine of the pepper family, a
native of Peru.

Artefact [ar'-te-fakt). See Artifact.

Artemisia [ar-tem-is' -e-ah) ['Apre/ug, the goddess
Diana]. A genus of plants of the order composite.
A. abrotanum, southern zvood, is stimulant, tonic, and
vermifuge, and is popularly used as a vulnerary. It
is similar in properties to wormwood. Dose of fid.
ext. TT^x-xx. Unof. A. absinthium. See Absinthe.
A. maritima affords pure Wormseed, q. v. A. vul-
garis, mug wort, is a popular remedy in various
diseases.

Axteria [ar-te* '-re-ah) [aprepia, the trachea]. Hollow
tubes. The plural was applied to the bronchial
tubes. The ancients supposed these filled with vital
spirit during life. See Artery.

Arteriac [ar-te' -re-ak) [aprepia, the trachea], i. Per-
taining to the trachea, or to the arteries. 2. A remedy
used in diseases of the trachea or of the arteries.

Arteriagra [ar-ter-e-a' -grah) [aprepia, trachea; a)pn,
a seizure]. Neuralgia of an artery.

Arterial [ar-te/-re-al) [aprepia, the trachea]. Pertain-
ing to an artery.

Arterialization [ar-te-re-al-iz-a' -shun) [aprepia, the
trachea]. The process of making or becoming arte-

rial ; the change from dark, venous blood into that

which is bright red, as in the arteries.
Arteriarctia re-ark' -te-ah) [aprepia, trachea;

arctus, bound]. Constriction or stenosis of an artery.
Arteriectasis [ar-te-re-ek' -tas-is) [aprepia, trachea;

ixraatc, a stretching out]. Arterial dilatation.
Arteriectopia [ar-te-re-ek-tt/ -pe ah) [aprepia, tra<

turn-lie , out of place]. Displacement or abnormality

in the course of an artery.
Arterin (iir'-ter-iii) [aprepia, trachea] . II yler's

term for the arterial blood-pigment as contained in the
puscles.
Arterioarctia [ar-te-re-o-ark' -te-ah). See Arteriarctia.
Arterio-capillary [ar-te-re-o-kap* -il-a [ni>~

tin hea ; capillus, a hair]. Pertaining to arteries and

capillaries. A. Fibrosis, the undue augmentation,

or abnormal preponderance, of connecth ele

ments in the walls of capillaries and arteri
Arteriodiastasis [ar-te-re-o-di-asf -tas-% [apr

trachea: diaoraa ration]. The retraction of the

two ends of a divided artery.
Arterio-fibrosis [ar-te-re-o-fi-brt/ -sis) [aprepia, trachea;
libra, a fiber]. A term applied to the condition of

the arterial capillaries in chronic interstitial disease.
Arteriogram [ar-te1 ' -re-o-gram). See Sph am.

Arteriograph [ar-te* [aprepia, trachea;

, to record]. A form of sphygmograph.
Arteriography [ar-te-re-og/ -ra-fe) [ trachea;

yp&f>), a writing], I. A description of the arteries.

2. The graphic representation of the pulse-waves or of

the arterial blood-current.
Arteriola [ar-te-ri' -o-lah) [L.: //. , Arteriole]. An

arteriole.
Arteriolae Rectae (ar-t e rek'-te) [L.]. The

small blood-vessels that supply the medullary pyramids

of the kidneys.
Arteriole [ar-te' -re-db) [arteriola]. A very small

artery.
Arteriology (ar-te-re-o/'-o- je) [aprepia, trachea; /","f,

science]. The science of the arteries; the anatomy,

physiology, and pathology of the arteries.
Arteriomalacia (ar-te-re-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [opr

trachea; ita/ania, softness]. The softening of an

artery.
Arteriopathy [ar-te-re-op '-a-the) [norepla, trachea;

rraOog, illness]. Any disease of an artery or of arteries.
Arteriophlebotomy [ar-te-re-o-fle-bof-o-me) [apr

trachea ; 9/ii/', a vein ; reuveiv, to cut]. Local blood-
letting,
Arterioplania [ar-te-re-o-pla' -ne-ah) [aprepia, trachea:

K%avao8ai, to wander]. Deviation or tortuousiiess in

the course of an artery.
Arterio-renal [ar-te-re-o-re* '-nal) [ - trachea; ren,

the kidney]. Pertaining to the renal blood- ves-

A. Disease, a pathologic condition of middle life

characterized by an early stage of renal cirrhosis due

primarily to vascular lesions. Its symptoms are mainly

high vascular tension, albuminuria, and tendency to

apoplectic seizures.
Arteriorrhagia [ar-te-re-or-a' -je-ah) [aprepia, trachea;

. to break forth]. Arterial hemorrhage.
Arteriorrhexis [ar-te-re-or-eks'-U) [d - . trachea:

bursting]. Rupture of an artery.
Arteriosclerosis [ar-te-re-o-skb

trachea; OKfajpdg, hard]. The hardening of the walls

of an artery, and especially of the intima. See

Endarteritis.
Arterio-sclerotic [ar-te-re-o-skle-rof -ik )

trachea ; ck; r/por, hard] . Pertaining to arteriosclerosis.

A. Kidney. See Bright 's Disease.
Arteriosity [ar-te-re-os'-it-e) \ . trachea]. The

quality of being arterious, or arterial.

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ARTERIOSTENOSIS

115

ARTHROGRYPOSIS

Arteriostenosis [ar-te-re-o-ste-nof -sis) [apripia, trachea;
orevbg, narrow]. The narrowing of the caliber of an
artery in any part.

Arteriostrepsis {ar-te-re-o-strep,-sis) [aprepia, tra< bea ;
Orphic, a twisting]. The twisting of an arter) for
the purpose of staying a hemorrhage.

Arteriotome [ar-te/ -re-o-tom) [aprepia, trachea ; rifiveiv,
to cut]. A knife for use in arteriotomy.

Arteriotomy [ar-te-re-of -o-me) [aprepia, trachea;
ri/iveiv, to cut], i. The cutting or opening of an
artery, as for the purpose of letting blood. 2. I >:
tion or anatomy of the arteries.

Arterious [ar-te' -re-us) [aprepia, trachea]. Relating
to anatomy or to the arteries ; arterial .

Arterio-venous [ar-te-re-o-ve/ -nus) [aprepia, trachea ;
vena, vein]. Both arterial and venous ; involving an
arter)- and a vein, as an arterio-venous aneurysm.

Arterio-version [ar-te-re-o-ver' '-shun) [aprepia, trachea ;
vertere, to turn] . Weber's method of arresting hemor
rhage by turning vessels inside out by means of an
instrument called the arterio-verter .

Arterio-verter. See Arterioversion.

Arteritis (ar-te-ri'-tis) [aprijpia, trachea ; ir/t;, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of an arte ry. The acute form,
always local, is generally consecutive to trauma,
thrombosis, or embolism, and may be purulent in
character, and attended with ulceration ; the chronic,
more properly Endarteritis, a. v., arterial sclerosis,
leading to atheroma or atheromatous changes, is a
frequent disease of the aged. A. deformans, the
result of atheromatous changes producing crumpling or
irregularities of the walls. See Chronic Endarteritis.
A. obliterans, great inflammatory development of the
endothelium of an artery, resulting in obliteration of the
lumen by thrombosis. See Endarteritis obliterans.

Artery {ar'-ter-e) [arteria ;
aprr/pia, trachea]. Arteries
are the tube like vessels
through which the blood
is propelled by the heart
to the peripheral organs.
They end in arterioles and
capillaries. They are com-
posed of three layers : the
outer, or tunica adventitia;
the middle, or tunica
media, the muscular coat ;
the internal, or intima,
composed of nucleated
epithelial cells, connective
and elastic tissue. A.
Terminal, an artery
whose branches do not
form anastomoses with
other arteries. A table of
the arteries is appended.

Arthragra [ar-thra' -grah)
[apdpov, a joint ; aypa,
seizure], (lout.

Arthral [ar'-thral) [apdpov,
a joint]. Articular; relat-
ing to an arthron.

Arthralgia [ar-thral' -je-ah)
[apflpov, a joint; a/} nc,
pain]. Pain in a joint;
gout; arthritis; rheumatism.

Arthralgic [ar-thral'-jik) [apdpov, a joint ; akyog, pain].
Relating to arthralgia.

Arthrectomy [ar-threk1 '-to-tne) [apdpov, a joint ; ekto/i^,
a cutting out]. Surgical excision ot a joint.

Arthrelcosis [ar-threl-ko'-sis) [apdpov, a joint ; ehiuaiq,
ulceration]. Ulceration of a joint.

Coats ok a Small Artery.
a, endothelium; b, internal
elastic lamina; c, circular
muscular fibers of the middle
coat : </, the outer coat.
(Landois.)

Arthremia (ar/hre' -me-ah) [apdpov, a joint ; diua,
blood], A congested condition of a joint.

Arthrempyema [ur-thrcm-pi-e'-mah) [dpd/30f,ajoint; e/i-
-i ijtui , suppuration]. Suppuration or abscess of a joint.

Arthrempyesis [ar-threm-pi-e'-sis). See Arthi

pye i .

Arthritic \ir thrit'ih) [apdpov, a joint]. Relating to
arthritis or to gout.

Arthritis [ar-tkri' '-tis) [ a joint; trig, inflam

mation]. Inflammation of a joint. A. chlorotica.
Synonym of Enteritis pseudomembranou . A. defor-
mans, chronic inflammation of a join! with deformity;
rheumatoid arthritis. A. fungosa, scrofulous or tuber
cular diseasi of the joints; white swelling. A. pau-
perism. Synonym of Rheumatoid arthriti A.
proliferating. See A. deformans. A. rheumatic.
Chronic rheumatoid arthriti ; Osteo-arthritis ; Rheu-
matic gout; Nodular rheumatism; Arthritis a
man;; a chronic joint-affection characterized by
inflammatory overgrowth of the articular cartilages
and synovial membranes, with destruction of i
parts of the cartilages subject to intraarticular pressure,
and progressive deformity. The disease attacks those
who present the rheumatic diathesis, and is chiefly seen
in advanced life, though the young are not exempt.
A., rheumatoid. See A. deformans. A. uritica,
arthritis due to gout.

Arthritism \nr'-ihr>t-izm) [apdpov, a joint]. Gout or
the gouty diathesis.

Arthritolith (ar-thrit* '-o-lith) [apflpov, a joint; '/iHoc, a
stone]. Gouty calcareous deposit or concretion in or
around a joint.

Arthrobranchia {ar-thro-brangf -ke-ah v, a joint;

(3pdy^ia, gills]. In biology, a branchial plume at-
tached to the membranous articulation between the
coxa and the body of decapod crustaceans.

Arthrocace [ar-throk' '-as-e) [apdpov, a joint ; kcikoc, ill].
Fungous, strumous, or tuberculous arthritis.

Arthrocacology {ar-thro-kak-oV -o-je) [apdpov, joint;
mien, fault; Aoyog, science]. The sum of know!
regarding joint-diseases.

Arthrocele [ar'-thro-sel, or ar-tkro-se'-le) [apdp
joint; ay/a/, a tumor]. Swelling of a joint, especially
of a knee-joint in gonorrheal rheumaiisin.

Arthrochondritis [ar-thro-kon-dri'-tis) [apdpov, a joint ;
\ovfipoc, a cartilage ; trig, inflammation]. Inflamma-
tion of the cartilaginous parts of a joint.

Arthroclasia {ar-tkro-kla'-se-ah) [ a joint;

KKaeiv, tobreak]. The breaking down of ankyloses in
order to produce free movement of a joint.

Arthroclasy [a '-thro-kla-se). Same as Arthroclasia.

Arthroderm {ar'-thro-derm) [apdpov, a joint ; d
skin]. The parietes of an arthropod.

Arthrodesis [ar-throd' '-es-is) [apdpov, joint; . 1

binding]. Surgical fixation of paralyzed joints.

Arthrodia iar-thro' -de-ah) [hpd . a kind of articula-

tion]. A form of joint permitting a gliding movement.
D i arthrosis.

Arthrodial {ar-throf-de-al) [apdpuiVui, a kind of articu-
lation]. Pertaining to or of the nature of arthrodia.

Arthrodynia 1 r. -thro-dni'-e-ah) [apdpov, a joint ; 61
pain J. See Arthra

Arthrodynic [ar-thro-din'-ik) [apdpm , a joint; 61
pain]. Relating to or affected by arthrodynia.

Arthroempyesis [ar-thro-em-pi-e/ -sis) [apdpov, a joint;
ni-i i/aig, suppuration]. Suppuration in a joint.

Arthrography tar-thro '-ra .a joint ;

;,.■/' ,. to write]. A description of the joints.

Arthrogryposis (ar-thro is) [apdpov, a joint ;

■ g, flexure]. I. Permanent flexure of a joint ;
ankylosis. - Persistent idiopathic contracture of a
joint. 3. Tetany or tetanilla.

ART! i:ll S 116 AKI I RIES

TABLE OF ARTERIES.

!l .

Oki

DISTRIBUTION.

Branches.

Aberrant (from bi

ial "i .i\

1 . t the brachial
or axillary with the

I 1 .i 1 usually, .11
times with the ulnar
hi interosseous.

u ic.

lid muscle (in part), assists in the
1 1 iii.it i"ii oi the acromial rete.

nial.

Suprascapular.

Acromial :

A ■ - I horacic

(ll: iS)

md branch of first
part of axillary.

Shoulder, arm, upper anterior part ol
chest, and mammary gland.

Acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavicu-
lar.

Adi|

Thoracic aorta.

Adipose tissue of heart.
Glomeruli.

Afferent.

Interlobular of kidneys.
Second part of axillary •

Alar thoracic.

Lymphatic glands in axilla.

! val)

Posterior dental.

The gums.

\ler-
nal plan

External plantar.

< )utei border ol foot.

Anastomoses with the tarsal and
metatarsal branches of the dorsalis
pedis.

Ai inter-
nal plan:

Internal plantar.

Inner side cf foot.

Anastomoses with internal tarsal
brain h ol the dorsalis pedis.

Anastomotic fof mid-

meningea

called perforating.

Middle meningeal.

Around greater wing of sphenoid.

Anastomose with deep temporal.

Anastomotic (of sci

atici.

Sciatic.

External rotator muscles of thigh.

Assists in the formation of the crucial
anastomosis.

Anastomotica magna
(of bracbi

Brachial.

Elbow.

Posterior and anterior.

stomotica magna
(i>i superficial fe-
moral).

Superficial femoral (in
Hunter's canal).

Knee.

Supei li< ial and deep.

.lar.

The termination of the

facial.

Lachrymal sac and lower part of or-
bicularis palpebrarum.

Anastomoses with infraorbital.

Anterior (of corpora
quadrigemina).

Posterior cerebral.

Anterior portion of corpora quadri-
gemina.

recepta-

Internal carotid.

Dura mater of cavernous sinus and ad-
jacent parts.

Antral.

Posterior dental.

Antrum of Highmore.

Aorta, abdominal.

Thoracic aorta.

Two < ommi in iliacs.

Phrenic (right and left), cel'ac axis,
suprarenal <>r capsular (right and
lelt), superior mesenteric, lumbal
(four pan 5)1 " nal (1 ight and left 1,
spermatic (right and left), inferioi
mesenteric, right and left common
iliac, middle sacral.

Aorta, arch.

Left ventricle of heart.

Thoracic aorta.

Two coronary, innominate, left com-
mon carotid, leit subi l.i\ ian.

Aorta, primitive.

That portion from tie-
ori: point at
which the first branch
is given off.

Aorta, thoracic.

An h of aorta.

Abdominal aorta.

Two or three pericardiac, three
bronchial, four 01 five esophageal,

twenty intercostal, subcostal (or

twelfth dorsal), diaphragmalii .
aberrans.

AorUe, primitive (2).

Cardiac (in the em-
bryo).

Pass through the first visceral arch.

Unite to form the dorsal.

Ap|iendicular.

Ilio-colic.

tery ol vermiform appendix

Articular, middle (of
kn-

Popliteal

ll ligaments and joint.

Articular, superior ex-
ternal (of km

Popliteal.

Crureus and knee.

AK I Ikll S

11?

ARTERIES

I \i:i I. mi \i;| ERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

DlSTRIBI

Brani lll-.S

Articular, superior, in-
ternal.

Popliteal.

Knee.

Ascending.

External circumflex.

■ Strui tures ol gluteal region and
hip-joint.

Asternal.

Internal mammary.

Inner surface of costal cartilages.

Atrabiliary. See Cap-
sular.

Auditory, internal.

Basilar.

Internal ear.

Auricular.

Occipital.

Pinna and concha.

Auricular, anterior , in-
ferior.

Superficial temporal.

Auricle and external auditory meatus.

Auricular, anterior,
superior.

Superficial temporal.

Auricle and external meatus.

Auricular, deep.

Internal maxillary (first
part).

Membrana tympani and skin of ex-
ternal auditory meatus.

Auricular, left.

Left coronary artery.

Left auricle, pulmonary artery, and
commencement ol aorta.

Auricular, posterior.

Fifth branch of external
carotid.

Back of auricle, scalp, and part of neck.

Parotid, muscular, stylo-mastoid, an-
tei lor terminal or auricular, and pos-
terior terminal or mastoid.

Auricular, right.

Right coronary artery.

Right auricle, aorta, auricular septum.

Axillary.

Subclavian.

Brachial and seven branches.

Superior thoracic, acromio-thoracic,
long thoracic, alar thoracic, subscap-
ular, anterior and posterior circum-
flex.

Azygos (articular, of
external plantar).

External plantar.

Articulations of tarsus.

Azygos (articular, of
internal plantar).

Internal plantar.

Articulations on inner side of foot.

Anastomoses with branches of external

plantar.

Azygos (articular, of
popliteal).

Popliteal.

Knee.

Azygos (articular, of
sciatic).

Sciatic.

Posterior part of capsule of hip-joint.

Azygos (articular, of
superior profunda).

Superior profunda.

Elbow-joint, posterior part.

Anastomoses with anastomotica mag-
na and interosseous recurrent.

Azygos (articular, of
suprascapular).

Suprascapular.

The acromioclavicular and shoulder
joints.

Azygos (articular, of
temporal).

Temporal.

Temporo-maxillary joint.

Basilar.

By confluence of right
and left vertebral.

Brain.

Transverse for pontile), internal audi-
tory, anterior cerebellar, superior
cerebellar, two posterior cerebral.

Bicipital (or ascend-
ing).

Anterior circumflex.

Long tendon of biceps and shoulder-
joint.

Brachial.

Axillary.

Arm and forearm.

Superior and interior profunda, anas-
tom< itica magna, nutrient, muscular,
radial and ulnar.

Brachio-cephalic.

See Innominate.

Bronchial (inferior).

Thoracic aorta.

Bronchi and parenchyma of the lungs.
Bronchi.

Bronchial (superior).

Arch of aorta.

Buccal.

Facial.

Muscles of cheek.

Anastomoses with buccal branch of
internal maxillary' • the transvei
facial and infraorbital.

Buccal.

Internal maxillary.

Buccinator muscle and mucous mem-
brane of mouth.

Anastomoses with the buccal b-anch
ol the facial, the transverse facial
and infraorbital.

Buccal.

Posterior denial.

Buccinator muscle.

Of the bulb.

First part of internal
pudic.

Erectile tissue of the bulb and the cor-
pus spongiosum.

ARI ERIES 11- AKI ERIES

I \l.l 1 mi \u I ERIES.— Continued.

N \\u

OKU. IN. DlSTRIBUTIG

Branches.

Calcaneal!, external
and internal.

Peroneal.

Over the os i.uus and surrounding
soft parts.

hi, inferior (of
rnal plantar).

External plantar.

( i\ i i inner surface of os calcis.

Anastomoses with internal calcanean

01 pel "Ileal.

Calcanean, middle.

1'osterior tibial.

Os calcis.

See c > >uil.

Calloso-marginal.

Antei ior cerebral.

Callosal and upper part of marginal
. • im olutions.

Capsular (or atrabili-

.11 \ ).

Abdominal aorta.

Suprarenal capsule.

Capsular.

See Perirenal.

Cardiac.

Gastric.

Cardiac end of stomach.

diac, right. See
Coronary, tight (of
heart).

Carotid, common.

Right side, innominate;
left side, arch.

External and internal carotid.

External and internal carotid.

Carotid, external.

Common carotid.

Anterior part of neck, face, side of
head, integuments and dura mater.

Ascending pharyngeal, superior thy-
roid, lingual, facial, occipital, pos-
terior auricular, temporal, internal
maxillary.

Carotid, internal.

Common carotid.

Greater part of brain, the orbit, inter-
nal ear, forehead, and nose.

Tympanic, vidian, arteria receptaculi,
pituitary, gasserian, meningeal, oph-
thalmic, posterior communicating,
anterior choroid, anterior cerebral,
middle cerebral.

Carotid, primitive. See
Carotid, common.

Carotid, superficial.
See Carotid, , \ ter-
ual.

Carpal.

Radial.

Branches to lower end of radius, wrist,
and carpal-joints.

Enters into formation of anterior car-
pal rete.

Carpal.

Ulnar. Carpus.

Enters into formation of the posterior
carpal rete.

Caudate.

Middle cerebral. Head of caudate nucleus.

al.

Right phrenic. Vena cava.

Cecal, anterior.

Inferior mesenteric. Anterior surface of cecum.

Cecal, post, i ior.

Posterior mesenteric. Posterior part of cecum.

Celiac.

ininal aorta. Stomach, duodenum, spleen, pancreas,
h\ er and gall-bladder.

Gastric, hepatic, splenic.

Central (of retina).

Ophthalmic. Retina.

Central, of Zinn. See
Central (of retina).

Cerebellar, anterior.

Basilar.

Anterior inferior surface of cerebellum.

Cerebellar, inferior.

Vertebral.

Vei niiform process, and cortex of cere-
bellum.

Inferior vermiform and the hemi-
spheral.

Cerebellar, superior.

Basilar.

Superior vermiform process and cir-
cumference of ' i ii 1" Hum.

Superior vermiform and hemispheral.

Cerebral, anterior.

Internal carotid.

Anterior portion of cerebrum.

Anterior communicating, ganglionic

(or central), commissural, hemi-
spheral (or ci irtii

Cerebral,

' ■ > '<ral, posterior.

Cerebral, middle.

Internal carotid.

Middle portion ot ( erebrum.

Ganglionii 'or central), hemispheral
(oi cortii al i.

Cerebral, posterior.

Basilar.

Temporo-sphenoidal and occipital
lobes.

Ganglionic (or central), and hemi-
spheral (or cortical).

ical.

Uteri: ix uteri.

ARTERIES 119 ARTERIES

I ABLE OF ARTERIES. -Continued.

Name.

Origin.

Distribution.

Branches.

Cervical, anterior. See
Thyroid, anterior.

Cervical, ascending.

Inferior thyroid.

Deep muscles of neck and spinal canal.

Muscular, spinal and phrenic.

Cervical, deep.

Superior intercostal.

Deep muscles of neck and spinal canal.

Muscular, anastomotic, vertebral (or
spinal).

Cervical, descending.

Deep cervical.

Tissues of neck.

Cervical, superficial.

Transverse cervical.

Trapezius, levator anguli scapula-.
splenius muscles and posterior chain
of lymphatic glands.

Cervical, transverse
(transversalis colli).

Thyroid axis.

Posterior cervical and scapular regions.

rior scapular and superficial
cervical.

Chiasmic.

Anterior cerebral.

First portion of optic nerve.

Choroid, anterior.

Internal carotid.

Hippocampus major and corpus fim-
briatum.

Choroid, posterior.

Posterior cerebral.

Velum interpositum and joins the cho-
roid plexus.

Ciliary, short and long,
posterior and an-
terior.

Ophthalmic.

The eye.

Circular, of uterus.

Uterine.

Cervix uteri.

Circumflex, anterior
(of axillary).

Axillary.

Pecloralis major, biceps, and shoulder-
joint.

Bicipital and pectoral.

Circumflex, external.

Profunda femoris.

Muscles of thigh.

Ascending, transverse, and descending.

Circumflex iliac, deep.

External iliac.

Cpper part of thigh and lower part of
abdomen.

Muscular and cutaneous.

Circumflex iliac, su-
perficial.

Common femoral.

Iliacus atid sartorius muscles, inguinal
glands, and skin of thigh.

Circumflex, internal.

Profunda femoris

Muscles of thigh.

Circumflex, posterior
(of axillary).

Axillary.

Deltoid, teres minor, triceps, and shoul-
der-joint.

Nutrient, articular, acromial, muscu-
lar.

Clavicular.

Acromio-thorai ic. Subclavius muscle.

Of the clitoris, cavern-
ous.

Internal pudic (in the Corpus cavernosum of clitoris,
female).

Of the clitoris, profun-
da.

See A., of the clitoris\
(cavernous)

Coccygeal.

Sciatic. Integument over lower part of sacrum
and coccyx.

Cochlear.

Internal auditory.

Cochlea.

Colic, left.

Inferior mesenteric. Colon, descending.

Colic, middle.

Superior mesenteric.

Transverse colon.

Colic, right.

Superior mesenteric.

Colon, ascending.

Colic, transverse.

Colic, middle.

Transverse colon.

Comes nervi phrenici.
See Phrenic , superior

Commissural.

Anterior cerebral. Callosum.

Communicating.

Dorsalis pedis. Enters into formation of plantar arch.

The fifth plantar digital, or princeps
hallucis.

Communicating.

Occipital.

Muscles of posterior part of neck.

Anastomoses with branches of the
\ ertebral.

Communicating (or
perforating).

Deep palmar arch.

Join proximal ends of metacarpal and
second ami third dorsal interosseous

arteries.

Communicating.

Peroneal.

Anastomoses with communicating
branch of posterior tibial.

Anastomoses with communicating of
peroneal.

Communicating.

Posterior tibial.

A.RTERI1 S 120 ARTERIES

i \|:L| O] ARTERIES.— Conlinu

N 1MB.

Ok:

DlSl K1BUTION.

Bras-, hi s.

Communicating, ante-
rior.

Anterior cerebral.

Assets iii formation of anterior houn-
dai y oi cin le ol Willis , sends bran-
ches to caudate nucleus.

Communicating,

tenor.

;id.

Kilters into formation of circle of Wil
lis; uncinate convolution ami optic

thalamus.

nate, middle thalamic.

Cornn.ii
trie.

Coronary, inferior.

Facial.

Lower lip.

Coronary, left.

Left anterior .sinus of Heart.
Valsalva.

Left auricular, anterior interventricu-
lar, left marginal, terminal

Coronary, right.

Right anterior sinus of
Valsalva.

Heart.

K i jj; ht auricular, preventricular, right
marginal, posterior interventricular,
transverse.

right, of

stomach. See Py-
loric.

Coronary, superior.

Facial.

Upper lip.

Arteria septum narium.

Of the corpus caverno-
sum.

Dorsal artery of the
penis.

Corpus cavernosum.

Costo-cervical.

That part of superior
intercostal between
its origin and first
branch.

Cremasteric.

Deep epigastric.

Cremaster muscle.

Cremasteric.

Spermatic.

Cremastcr muscle.

Anastomoses with cremasteric from
deep epigastric.

Cremasteric. Sec Sper-
matic, external.

Crico-thyroid.

See Laryngeal, inferior

Crural, see Femoral.

Cubital, see Ulnar.

Cubital recurrent, an-
terior. See ( 'Inar
recurrent, anterior.

•

Cubital recurrent, pos-
terior. See Ulnar
recurrent, posterior.

Cystic.

Hepatic.

Gall-bladder.

Deferential.

Superior vesical.

Vas deferens.

Dental, anterior.

Inti ai irbital.

Incisor and canine teeth, and mucous
membrane of antrum.

Dental, inferior.

See Mandibular.

Dental, posterior (or
alveolar).

Internal maxillary.

Antrum, teeth, gums, and cheek.

Antral, dental, alveolar, buccal.

al, superior.

Posterior dental.

Molar and bicuspid teeth of superior
maxilla.

Descending.

External circumflex.

Muscles of thigh.

Descending, superfi-
cial.

External carotid.

Neck.

tphragmatic.

Thoracic aorta.

1 liaphragm.

i side of the 2d and 3d, 4th and
5th :

Digital.

External plJntar.
Superficial palmar arch.

Digital, palmar.

Both sides of little, ring, and mid-
dle fingei and ulnai side ol
finger.

Digital, plantar. See
Communicating, of
dorsalis pedis.

ARTERIES 121 ARTERIES

TABLE «>| ARTERI1 ntinued.

Name.

Origin,

Disi RIBI 1 ION. Branch.

Digital, superficial.

liitri nil plantar.

Toes.

Diploic.

Supraorbital.

1 >iploe "l irontal sinuses.

Dorsal.

Intercostal.

Spine and muscles of throat.

Spinal and muscular.

Dorsal.

Lumbar.

Muscles of back.

Dorsal, interosseous.

Radial.

1 lontiguous of 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th toes.

Dorsal (of penis).

Termination of pudic.

Penis.

Dorsal (scapular).

Subscapular.

Muscles of scapula and shoulder-joint.

Infrascapular.

Dorsal of tongue.

Lingual.

Dorsum of tongue, tonsils, and epi-
glottis.

Dorsal (12th). See
Subcostal.

Dorsalis hallucis.

Continuation of dor-
salis pedis

t and second toe.

Dorsalis indicis.

Radial.

Index finger.

Dorsalis linguae.

Lingual.

Mucous membrane of tongue, pillars
of fauces and tonsils.

Dorsalis pedis.

Contitiuation of ante-
rior tibial.

Assists to form plantar arch.

Tarsal, metatarsal, dorsalis hallucis,
communicating.

Dorsalis pollicis.

Radial.

Thumb.

Dorso-scapular.

See Scapular, superior.

Duodenal, superior,
right. SeePa/wi ra-
tico-duodenal, supe-
rior.

Duodeno-gastric.

See G astro-duodenal.

Dural.

See Meningeal.

Emulgent.

See Renal.

Epicondyloid. See
Ulnar.

Epididymal.

Spermatic.

Epididymis.

Epigastric, deep (or
inferior).

External iliac.

Abdominal wall.

Cremasteric, pubic, muscular, cuta-
neous, terminal.

Epigastric, superficial.

Common femoral.

Inguinal glands, skin, superficial fascia,
and abdominal wall.

Epigastric, superior.

Internal mammary.

Abdominal wall and diaphragm, liver
and peritoneum.

Phrenic, xiphoid, cutaneous, muscular,
hepatic and peritoneal.

Epiploic.

Right and left gastro-
epiploic.

Omentum.

Epiploic. SeeOmental.

Esophageal.

Gastric.

Esophagus.

Esophageal.

Inferior thyroid.

Esophagus.

Esophageal.

Left phrenic.

Esophagus.

Esophageal (4 or 5).

Thoracic aorta.

Esophagus.

Esophageal, inferior

Coronary (of stomach).

Esophagus.

Ethmoidal, anterior.

Ophthalmic.

Part of anterior portion of brain, nose,
frontal sinuses and skin of face.

Ethmoidal, meningeal, nasal, frontal,
cutaneous.

Ethmoidal, posterior.

Ophthalmic.

Posterior ethmoidal cells, dura mater,
nose.

Ethmoidal, meningeal, nasal.

Eustachian.

Pterygo-palatine.

Eustachian tube.

Facial.

Third branch external
carotid.

Pharynx and face.

Ascending, or inferior palatine, tonsil-
lar, glandular, muscular, submental,
masseteric, buccal, inferior labial,
inferior and superior coronary, lat-
eralis nasi, angular.

Ak 1 ERIES 122 AkI ERIES

I AIM I mi V.RTERIES -Continued.

N 1MB. C IRICIN.

DlSl KIBI HON.

Branches.

Facial, trans\ i

Temporal.

Parotid gland, masseter muscle, skin
of face.

Fallopian.

an.

Isthmus, ampulla and fimbriated ex-
tremity of fallopian tube.

Lower pan of abdominal wall, upper

pail ol thigh and genitalia.

Femoral, common.

Continuation of exter-
nal iliac.

Superficial epigastric, superficial cir-
cumflex iliac, superficial external
pudic, deep external pudic, pro-
funda.

Femoral, dec;1 See
Femoral, profunda.

Femoral, profunda.

Common femoral.

Muscles of thigh.

External circumflex, internal circum-
flex and three perforating.

Femoral, superficial.

Continuation of com-
mon femoral.

Muscles of thigh and knee-joint.

Muscular, saphenous, anastomotic^
magna.

Fibular, superior.

Anterior or posterior
tibial or popliteal.

Soleus and peroneus tertius muscles
and integument.

Of the frenum linguae.

Sublingual.

Frenum ot tongue.

ital, anterior.

Anterior cerebral.

Inferior frontal convolutions.

Frontal, ascending.

Middle cerebral.

Lower part of ascending frontal con-
volution.

Frontal, internal.

Anterior cerebral.

Inferior frontal convolutions.

Frontal, middle.

See Medifrontal.

Funicular.

Superior vesical.

Round ligament.

Gasserian.

Internal carotid.

Gasserian ganglion.

Gasserian.

Middle meningeal.

Gasserian ganglion, and Meckel's

space.

Gastric (or coronary).

Celiac axis.

Stomach, liver, and esophagus.

Esophageal, cardiac, gastric, and hepa-
tic.

Gastric, right. See
/ ro-ep ip loic,

lit.

'ro-duodenal.

Hepatic.

Stomach and duodenum.

Right gastro-epiploic and superior pan-
creatico-duodenal.

Gastro-epiploic, left.

Splenic.

Stomach and omentum.

Gastro-epiploic, ri^ht

i '.astro-duodenal.

Stomach and omentum.

Gastro-hepatic.

See Coronary, of slom-
ach.

i Geniculate.

Posterior cerebral.

Geniculate convolution.

ital.

See Pudic, internal.

Gingival. See Alveo-
lar.

Facial.

ndular.

Submaxillary gland.

i se r i an (or tym-
panic).

Internal maxillary.

Lining membrane of tympanum and
laxator tympani muscle.

Internal iliac, postei i< il
division.

Pelvic and glutei muscles, etc.

Muscular, superficial and deep.

Gluteal, deep.

Gluteal.

Deep muscles of posterior gluteal
region.

Gluteal, inferior.

Sciatic.

Gluteus maximus.

Gluteal, superficial.

Gluteal.

Gluteus maximus and integument ovei

sacrum.

Gluteal, superior.

Deep gluteal.
Inferior dental.

Muscles adjacent.
Lingual nerve.

Gustatory (or lingual).

Guttural, superior.
See Thyroid, supe-
rior.

ARTERIES 123 ARTERIES

1 AISLE OF ARTERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

Distribution.

Branches.

Gutturo-maxillary. See
Maxillary, internal.

Helicine.

The arteries found in cavernous tissue,
as in the uterus, ovary, etc.

Hemispheral.

Inferior cerebellar.

Cortex of cerebellum.

Hemispheral.

Superior cerebellar.

Cortex of cerebellum.

Hemorrhoidal, inferior
(or external).

Pudic.

Sphincter muscle, levator ani.

Hemorrhoidal, inter-
nal. See Hemorrhoi-
dal, superior.

Hemorrhoidal, middle
(rectal, middle).

Internal iliac, anterior
division.

Middle part of rectum.

Hemorrhoidal, supe-
rior.

Inferior mesenteric.

Upper part of rectum.

Hepatic.

Celiac axis.

Liver, pancreas, part of duodenum,
and stomach.

Pancreatic, sub-pyloric, gastro-duode-
nal, right and left terminal.

Hepatic.

Gastric.

Left lobe of liver.

Hepatic.

Right phrenic.

Liver.

Hepatic.

Superior epigastric.

Liver.

Hepatic, right.

Hepatic.

Liver substance.

Cystic.

Humeral. See Brach-
ial.

Humeral, thoracic.

Acromio-thoracic.

Pectoralis major, deltoid and adjacent
integuments.

Anastomoses with anterior and pos-
terior circumflex.

Humeral, transverse.
See Suprascapular.

-

Hyaloid. Central ar-
tery of retina.

Crystalline lens.

Hyoid. See Infra-hy-
crid and Supra-hyoid.

Hypogastric.

Continuation of ante-
rior branch of inter-
nal iliac.

Vesical branches, impervious in the
adult.

Ileo-colic.

Superior mesenteric.

Cecum and adjacent bowel.

Iliac.

Ilio-lumbar.

Iliac fossa and ilium.

Iliac.

Obturator.

Ilium.

Iliac, circumflex deep.
See Circumflex iliac,
deep.

Iliac, circumflex, su-
perficial.

See Circumflex iliac,
superficial.

Iliac, common.

Terminal branch of ab-
dominal aorta.

Peritoneum, subperitoneal fat, ureter,
and terminates in external and inter-
nal iliac.

Peritoneal, subperitoneal, ureteric, ex-
ternal and internal iliac.

Iliac, external.

Common iliac.

Lower limb

Deep epigastric, deep circumflex iliac,
muscular, and continues as femoral.

Iliac, external, small.
See Circumflex iliac,
external.

Iliac, internal.

Common iliac.

Pelvic and generative organs, and inner Anterior and posterior trunk,
side of thigh.

Iliac, internal, anterior
trunk.

Internal iliac.

Pelvic and generative organs and thigh.

Hypogastric, superior middle and vesi-
cal, middle hemorrhoidal, uterine,
vaginal, obturator, sciatic, internal
pudic.

Iliac, internal, poste-
rior trunk.

Internal iliac.

Muscles of hip and sacrum.

Ilio-lumbar, lateral sacral and gluteal.

ARTERIES 124 ARTERIES

I .\i:i 1 O] AR fERIES.— Continued.

N VMI .

Origin.

DiSTRim- riON.

Branches.

Iliac, p r i tn

///

Iliac, primit'r
Iliac, comm

llio-lumbar.

Internal iliac, posterior

ti unk.

Muscles of pelvis and pelvic bones.

Iliac and lumbar.

Incisive.

Mandibular.

I in isor teeth.

Infracostal, labial.

Internal mammary.

Ribs.

Infrahyoid.

Superior thyroid.

Infrahyoid bursa and thyro-hyoid mus-
cle. '

Infraorbital.

Internal maxillary.
Dorsal scapular.

Upper lip, lower eye-lid, lachrymal sac,

side ot nose.

Orbital, anterior dental, nasal.

lufrascapular.

Subscapularis, scapula, and shoulder-
joint.

Infraspinous fossa.

Infraspinous.

Posterior scapular.

Infraspinous.

Suprascapular.

Infraspinous fossa.

Innominate.

Arch of aorta.

Right side of head and right arm.

Right common carotid, right subcla-
vian, occasionally thyroidea ima.

Intercostal, anterior.

Internal mammary.

Intercostal muscles, ribs (upper 5 or 6),
arid pectoralis major.

Intercostal, anterioi

Musculo-phrenic.

Lower 5 or 6 intercostal spaces.

Intercostal, aortic. 10
pairs.

Thoracic aorta.

Lower intercostal spaces.

Dorsal, intercostal collateral, pleural,
muscular, lateral cutaneous, mam-
mary glandular.

Intercostal, fir--t .

Superior intercostal.

First intercostal space.

Intercostal, superior.

Subclavian.

Neck and upper part of thorax.

Deep cervical, first intercostal, arte-
ria aberrans.

Interlobular (of kid-

Renal.

Malpighian bodies and uriniferous
tubules.

Int- anterior

Interosseous (common).

Muscles of forearm.

Interosseous, common.

Ulnar.

Interosseous membrane and deep mus-
cles of the forearm.

Anterior and posterior interosseous.

Interosseous, dorsal

Metatarsal.

Contiguous sides of 2d and 3d, and 4th
and 5th toes.

Interosseous, dorsal.

Posterior radial carpal.

Dorsal aspect of fingers.

Interosseous, palmar

Deep palmar arch.

Interosseous muscles, bones, and 2d,
3d, and itli lumhricales.

Interosseous, plantar.

Plantar arch.

Toes.

posterior

Common interosseous.

Muscles, back of forearm.

Posterior interosseous recurrent.

Interossi t ^-ri -
or, recurrent
Radial
posterior

Interosseous, recur-
rent.

Interosseous, posterior.

1 Ibow-joint.

Interpeduncular.

Posterior cerebral.

Posterior perforated space and lower
part of peduncles.

Interventricular,

rior.

Left coronary.

Both ventricles and interventricular

septum.

Interventricular, pos-
terior.

Right coronary.

Both venti ind interventricular
septum.

Intestinal (vasa intes-
t in i tenuis). 12 to 16.

: mesenteric.

Mesenter\ .

Ischiadic. See Gluteal,

inferior

Labial, inferior.

Facial.

les and integuments of lower lip

ARTERI] S 125 ARI ERIES

TABLE OF ARTERIES. — Continued.

Name.

Origin.

DlSI I'll:' 1 ION.

Branches.

Labial, superior.

See Coronary, supei tor.

Lachrymal (or orbital).

Middle meningeal.

( Uhlt

Lachrymal.

Nasal.

1.1. in \ mal sac.

Lachrymal.

Ophthalmic.

Lachrymal gland, muscles ol eye and Recurrent lachrymal, muscular, palpe-
cheek, and upper and lower eye- bral, malar, ciliary.

lids.

Lachrymal, recurrent.

Lachrymal.

Lachrymal sac.

Laryngeal, inferior.

Inferior tin 1

nx.

Laryngeal, inferior (or
crico-thyroid).

Superior thyroid.

Crico-thyroid membrane and larynx.

Laryngeal, internal.
See Laryngeal, su-
perior.

Laryngeal, superior.

Superior thyroid.

Intrinsic muscles and mucous mem-
brane of lar\ 11 \

Lenticular.

Middle cerebral.

Lenticular nucleus

Leiiticulo-optic.

Middle cerebral.

Posterior part internal capsule and an-
terior part of optic thalamus.

Lenticulo-striate.

Middle cerebral. Lenticular and caudate nuclei.

Lenticulo-thalamic.

Posterior cerebral. Posterior extremity of lenticular nu-
cleus and the thalamus.

Ligamentous.

Ovarian.

Round ligament.

Lingual. See Gusta-
tory.

Lingual.

External carotid.

Tongue.

Hyoid, dorsalis lingua;, sublingual,
ranine.

Lingual.

Mandibular.

Lingual nerve.

Lumbar (4 pairs).

Abdominal aorta.

Bodies and ligaments of vertebra*, lum- Vertehral, muscular, dorsal, renal
bar muscles, and capsules of kid-
neys.

Lumbar.

Ilio-Iumbar.

Psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum,
and spinal canal.

Malar.

Lachrymal.

Temporal fossa.

Malleolar, external.

Anterior tibial.

External portion of ankle.

Malleolar, internal.

Anterior tibial.

Internal portion of ankle.

Malleolar, internal.

Posterior tibial.

Internal malleolus.

Mammary, external.
See Thoracic, long.

Mammary glandular.

Dorsal branch of aortic
intercostal.

Mammary gland.

Mammary, internal.

Subclavian.

Structures of thorax.

Superior phrenic, mediastinal (or thy-
mic), pericardiac, sternal, anterior
intercostals, perforating, lateral in-
fracostal, superior epigastric, inter-
nal mammary.

Mandibular.

Internal maxillary.

Teeth of lower jaw.

Incisive and mental.

Marginal.

Left coronary.

Walls of ventricle.

Marginal.

Right coronary

Right ventricle.

Margino-frontal.

Anterior cerebral.

Marginal and frontal convolutions.

Masseteric. Facial.

Masseter.

Masseteric. Internal maxillary.

Masseter.

Masseteric.

Temporal.

Masseter.

Mastoid.

Occipital.

Dura, diploe, walls of lateral sinus,
mastoid cells.

ARTKK11 - L26 ARTERIES

1 A 1,1 1 < 'I A.R fERIES. -Continu

N \Mh.

Origin.

Distribution.

Bran. HES.

Mastoid.

Pi >siei ioi auricular.

Occipito - frontalis muscle (posterioi
belly).

Mastoid.

Stylo-mastoid.

Mastoid eells and mastoid antrum.

M stoid, middle.

\ diary, external.

Maxillary , i n fe r i or.

-

ciliary, internal

inal carotid.

Structures indicated by names of
branches.

Deep auricular, tympanic, middle
meningeal, mandibular, small men-
ingeal.

illary, internal
>up).

i nal i arotid.

Structures indicated by names of
branches.

Masseteric, posterior deep temporal,
internal and extei nal ptel ygoid, buc-
cal, anterior deep temporal.

:iary, inter na 1 External carotid.
he ii o-raaxillary
up).

Structures indicated by names of
branches.

Posterior dental (or alveolar), infraor-
bital, posterioi <>i descending) pala-
tine, vidian, pterygopalatine, nasal,
or spheno-palatine.

Meatal.

Stylo-mastoid.

External auditory meatus.

Median (arteria comes
nervi mediani).

Anterior interosseous.

Median nerve and superficial palmar
arch.

Median anterior (of
spinal cord).

Formed by union of the

anterior spinal arte-
ries.

Spinal cord.

Mediastinal, anterior
(or thymic).

Internal mammary.

Connective tissue, fat and lymphatics,
in superior and anterior mediastina,
thymus gland.

Mediastinal, posterior
(several).

Thoracic aorta.

Glands and loose areolar tissue in me-
diastinum.

licerebellar. Cerebellar, anterior, in-
ferior.

Middle cerebellar crus.

licerebral. See
Cerebral, middle.

Medichoroid.

See Choroid, posterior

Medidural, See Me-
ningeal, middle.

.

i frontal.

Anterior cerebral.

Callosal convolution and paracentral
lobule.

Medioptii (or median
quadrigeminal)

Posterior cerebral.

Peroneal.

Posterior tibial.

Crus cerebri and optic lobes.

lullary.

Fibula.

Ascending and descending.

Medulla

Tibia

Medullary.

Renal.

lighian pyramids.

al.

Ascending pharynj
Posterior ethmoidal.

Membranes of brain.

Meningeal.

Dura mater.

Meningeal, anterior.

Internal carotid.

Dura mati

Mi ningeal, inferior.
Meningeal ("/'
nding phai yn-

geal).

M ningeal, middle or
great.

Internal maxillary.

< 'ranium and dura mater.

Antei ioi and posterior.

Meningeal, posterior.

Occipital.

Dura mat

Meningeal, posterior. Vertebral.

Dura mater.

Meningeal, small.

Internal maxillary.

ganglion, walls of cavernous

sinus and dura mater.

ARTERIES 127

TABU "| ARTERIES.— Continued.

ARTERIES

Name.

Origin.

Distribution.

Bkanchks

Mental.

Facial.

Muscli f chin and lower lip.

Mental.

Mandibular.

Mi ,i chin and under lip. Lingual and mylo-hyoidean.

Mesenteric accedens,
praecipua. See Mes-
enteric, superior.

Mesenteric, inferior.

Abdominal aorta.

Lower half of large intestine.

Left colic, sigmoid, superior hemor-
rhoidal.

Mesenteric, middle.

Common iliac (occa-
sional branch).

Transverse and descending colon.

Mesenteric, superior.

Abdominal aorta.

Whole of small intestine and upper
half of large.

Inferior pancreatico-duodenal, middle
right and ilio-colic, vasa intestina

tenuis.

Meso-lobar. See Cere-
bral, ante* ioi .

Metacarpal (ist dorsal
interosseous).

Radial.

Sides of fingers on dorsal aspect.

Metatarsal.

Dorsalis pedis.

Toes.

Third dorsal interosseous.

Middle (of corpora
quadrigemina).

Posterior cerebral.

Space between the corpora quadri-
gemina.

Muscular, deep. See
Femoral, deep.

Musculo-phrenic.

Internal mammary.

Diaphragm, fifth or sixth lower inter- Phrenic, anterior intercostals, muscu-
costal spaces, oblique muscles of ab- lar.
domen.

Mylo-hyoidean.

Mental.
Infraorbital.

Mylo-hyoid muscle.

Nasal.

Nose.

Nasal.

Ophthalmic.

Lachrymal sac and integuments of Lachrymal, and transverse nasal,
nose.

Nasal.

Spheno-palatine.

Turbinated bones, lateral walls of nose,
ethmoidal and frontal sinuses and
lining membrane of antrum.

Nasal, anterior.

Anterior ethmoidal.

Nose.

Nasal, lateral.

Facial.

Integuments, muscles and cartilage of
nose.

Nasal, middle. See

.Vasal, anterior.

Nasal, transverse.

Nasal.

Integuments of nose.

Naso- palatine. See
Spheno-palaiine.

Navel. See Umbilical

Neubauer's.

See Thyroid, deep.

Nutrient.

Brachial.

Humerus.

Nutrient.

Interosseous, anterior

Radius.

Nutrient.

Interosseous, anterior.

Ulna.

Nutrient.

Middle per fo rating
branch of profunda
femoris.

Femur.

Nutrient.

Obturator.

Ilium.

Nutrient (of peroneal).
See Medullary.

Nutrient.

Posterior tibial.

Tibia.

Nutrient.

Suprascapular.

Clavicle.

Obturator.

Anterior division, inter-
nal iliac.

Pelvis and thigh.

Iliac (or nutrient), vesical, pubic, ex-
ternal and internal pelvic

Obturator, external.

Obturator.

Muscles about obturator foramen.

ARTERIES 128 ARTERIES

TABLE OF AKIT.KM - Continued.

N » M K.

Origin.

Distribution.

Branches.

Obturator, internal.

Obturator.

Muscles about obturator foramen.

Occipital.

Fourth branch of ex-
ternal carotid.

Muscles of nuk, and scalp.

Sterno-mastoid, posterior meningeal,
auricular, mastoid, princeps cervi-
i is. communicating, muscular, ter-
minal.

Occipito-meningeal.

Vertebral.

Dura mat< i .

Omental (or epiploic).

Hepatic.

Omentum.

Omphalo-mesenteric.

Primitive aorta.

Subsequently becomes the umbilical.

The eye, adjacent structures, portion of
face.

Ophthalmic.

Internal carotid.

Lachrymal, supraorbital, central ar-
tery of retina, musculai , c ih. u \ , pos-
terior and anterior ethmoidal, pal-
pebral, li ontal, nasal.

Optic, internal and an-
terior.

Posterior communicat-
ing.

Optic thalamus.

Optic, posterior, inter
ual.

Posterior communicat-
ing or posterior cer-
ebral.

Optic thalamus.

Orbital. See Lachry-
mal.

Orbital (three or four).

Anterior cerebral.

First frontal convolution and olfactory
bulb.

Orbital.

Infraorbital.

Fat of orbit ; inferior rectus and in-
fei ior oblique muscles.

Orbital.

Temporal.

Orbicularis palpebrarum and orbit.

Orbito-frontal.

Middle cerebral.

Inferior frontal convolutions.

Ovarian.

Abdominal aorta.

Ovary, ureter, fallopian tube, uterus.

Ureteral, fallopian, uterine, ligament-
ous.

Palatine.

Ascending pharyngeal.
First branch of facial.

Soft palate and its muscles.

Upper part of pharynx, palate and

tonsils.

Palatine, ascending
(or inferior).

Palatine, tonsillar.

Palatine, descending.

Internal maxillary.

To soft and hard palate.

Anterior and posterior

Palatine, inferior. See
Palatine, ascending.

Palatine, posterior or
descending.

Internal maxillary.

Hard palate.

Anterior and posterior.

Palatine, superior. See
Palatine descending.

Palato-maxillary.

See Palatine, descend-
ing.

Palmar, digital. See

Digital, palmar.

Palmar, interosseous.

See Interosseous,
palmar.

Palmar arch, deep.

Radial and communi-
cating of ulna.

Palm and fingers.

Princeps pollicis, radialis indicis, pal-
mar interosseous (3), rei in nut car-
pal, posterior perforating.

Palmar arch, superfi-
cial.

Ulnar and superficialis
volae.

Palm and fingers.

Digital (4), muscular, cutaneous.

Palpebral.

Lachyrmal.

lids and conjunctivae.
Upper eye-lid.

Palpebral.

Supraorbital.

Ophthalmic.

Ophthalmic.

Palpebral, external.

lid.

Conjunctiva, lachrymal sac, caruncle
and lowei lid.

Palpebral, inferior.

Palpebral, superior.

Ophthalmic.
Hepatic.

Upper eye-lid.

Pancreatic.

Pancreas.

Pancreatic.

Splenic.

Pancreas.

ARTERIES

129

ARTERIES

•| AB1 I < >F Ak'l ERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

Distribution.

Branchks.

Pancreatico-duodenal,
inferior.

Superior mesenteric.

Pancreas and duodenum.

»

Pancreatico-duodenal,
superior.

Gastro-duodenal.

Duodenum and pancreas.

Parietal.

Middle cerebral.

Inferior and ascending parietal convo-
lutions.

Parietal, anterior.

Middle cerebral.

Second frontal convolution.

Parietal, ascending.

Middle cerebral.

ding parietal convolution and
superior parietal lobule.

Parieto-sphenoidal.

Middle cerebral.

Inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus,
cortex of sphenoidal lobe.

Parieto-temporal.

Middle cerebral.

Convolutions around posterior limb of
fissure of Sylvius.

Parotid.

Posterior auricular.

Parotid gland.

Parotid.

Temporal.

Parotid gland.

Parvidural. See Me-
ningeal, small.

Pectoral.

Acromio-thoracic.

Pectoral muscles and mammary gland.

Pectoral.

Anterior circumflex.

Pectoralis major.

Pedal. See Dorsal of

loot.

Peduncular, anterior.

Posterior cerebral.

Internal surface of peduncle.

Peduncular, external.

Posterior, communicat-
ing.

Peduncles of the cerebellum.

Peduncular, internal.

Posterior cerebral.

Internal surface of peduncle.

Of the penis, perforat-
ing. See A., of the
corpus cavernosum.

Perforans stapedis
(branch of internal
carotid or stvlo-mas-
toid).

Tympanum.

No branches.

Perforating (or poste-
rior communicat-
ing), (3)-

Deep palmar arch.

Interosseous spaces.

Perforating.

Middle meningeal.
Profunda femoris.

Sphenoid.

Perforating.

Hamstring muscles.

Perforating.

Spheno-palatine.
Submental.

Ethmoidal cells.

Anastomoses with ethmoidal arteries.

Perforating.

Mylo-hyoid.

Perforating, anterior
(5 or 6).

Internal mammary.

Pectoralis major and integument, and

mammary ^land.

Perforating, posterior.

External plantar.

Dorsal interosseous muscles.

Pericardiac.

Internal mammary.

Anterior surface of pericardium.

Pericardiac.

Right and left phrenic.
Thoracic aorta.

Pericardium.

Pericardiac.

Pericardium.

Pericephalic. See
Carotid, external.

Perineal, superficial.

Pudic.

Muscles of perineum and integuments
of scrotum.

Transverse perineal.

Perineal, transverse.

Perineal, superficial.

Muscles and integuments of perineum.

Perirenal (or capsular).

Renal.

Capsule of kidney and perirenal fat.

Peritoneal.

Iliac, common.

Peritoneum.

Peritoneal.

Superior epigastric.

Peritoneum

AU fERIES

130

A.RTERIES

fABLE OF ARTERIES.— Continued.

N (ME.

Origin.

1 >!^l RIRUTH

Branches.

Peroneal.

Posterior tibial.

Musi les and integument of leg and
foot.

Anterior peroneal, muscular, medul-
lary, communicating, cutaneous, ex-
ternal calcarieum, terminal (01 pos-
tet ior peroneal).

Peroneal, anterior.

Peroneal.
Peron

Peroneus tertius and inlet ior tibiofibu-
lar joint.

-tenor.

Extei ti. il malleolus and heel.

Petrosal.

Middle meningeal.
Pterygopalatine.

Tympanum.

Pharyngeal.

Roof of pharynx.

Phai

Sphenopalatine.

Roof and contiguous portions of pha-
rynx.

geal.

Vidian.

Roof cit |>li.u ynx.

Pharyngeal, ascend-
ing.

First branch external
1 arotid.

Pharynx, soft palate, tympanum, pos-
tern.1 part <>i neck, and membranes
of brain.

Prevertebral, pharyngeal, palatine,
tympanic, meningeal.

Pharyngeal, descend-
ing-

Spheno-palatine.

Roof of mouth and of pharynx.

Pharyngeal, inferior.
al, as-
ting.

Pharyngeal, superior
See Pterygo-pala-
tine.

Phrenic.

Ascending cervical.

Phrenic nerve.

Phrenic.

Musculophrenic.
Superior epigastric .

Diaphragm.

Phrenic.

Diaphragm.

Phrenic, inferior, left.

Aorta, abdominal.

Diaphragm and structures indicated
by names of branches.

Diaphragm and structures indicated
by names of branches.

Esophageal, left superior suprarenal,
splenic, pericardiac, terminal.

Phrenic, i n f e r i o r
ght.

Aorta, abdominal.

Right superior suprarenal, cava!,
hepatic, pericardiac, and terminal.

Phrenic, superior (or
conies nervi phre-
nici).

Internal mammary.

Pleura, pericardium and diaphragm.

Pituitary.

Internal carotid.

Pituitary body.

Plantar arch.

External plantar art-
ery.

Anterior part of foot and toes.

Articular and plantar digital.

Plantar, deep.

Metatarsal.

Assists in formation of plantar arch.

Third, fourth, and fifth toes, and outer
side of second.

Plantar, digital (4).

Plantar arch.

Plantar, external.

External, tibial.

Sole and to

ular. calcaneal, cutaneous, anas-
tomotic, posterior perforating, plan-
tar arch.

Plantar, internal.

Posterior tibial.

Inner side of foot.

Muscular, cutaneous, articular, anas-
tomotic, superficial digital.

Plantar, interosseous.
See Interosseous,
plantar.

Plantar, metatarsal.
See Interosseous,
plantar.

Plantar, pollicar.

Anterior tibial, or ex-
ternal plantar.

Great toe.

Pleural.

Intercostal.

Pleura.

Pontal.

Basilar.

Pons.

Popliteal.

Continuation of femo-
ral.

Knee and leg.

Cutaneous, muscular (superior and in-
ferior) or sural, articular, superior
and inferior external, superior and
inferior internal and ter-
minal (anterior and posterior tibial).

AkTKkll - 131 Akl ERIES

I \lil.l. ( >!• ARTERIES.— Continu

Name.

Origin.

I Jl^l RIBI 1 ION. BRANCH!

Post-cerebellar See

Cerebellar, posterior.

Post-cerebral.

( , i ebral, posterior.

Post- choroid. SeeClio-
roid Posterior.

Post-c omm unicant.
See Communicating,

posterior.

Post-dural. See Men-
ingeal, posterior.

Postero-Iateral.

Posterior cerebral.

Hind part of optic thalamus, crus and

optic lobes.

Postero-median.

Posterior central

Inner pari of thalamus, neighboring
wall ol tliii d ventricle.

Post-frontal.

Anterior meningeal.

Precuneus and part of occipital fis-
sure.

Post-temporal.

Posterior cerebral.

Basal surface of occipital lobe.

Post-thalainic.

Posterior cerebral.

Thalamus.

Precerebellar. See
Cerebellar, superior

Precerebral. See Cere-
b: al, anterior.

Prechoroid. See Cho-
roid, anterior.

Precommunicant . See
Communicating, an-
terior.

Predural. See Mening-
eal, ante) ior.

Prefrontal.

Anterior cerebral.

Mesal and convex surfaces of super-
frontal and part of medi-frontal con-
volutions.

Preoptic (or anterior
quadrigeminal).

Posterior cerebral.

Optic lobe.

Preperforant.

Anterior cerebral.

Caudate nucleus

Pretemporal.

Posterior cerebral.

Uncinate and basal surface of temporal
lobe.

Prethalamic.

Posterior communicat-
ing

Thalamus

Preventricular (2)

Right and left coron-
aries.

Walls of ventricle, heart.

Primitive, See Aorta,

primitive.

Princeps cervicis

Occipital.

Muscles of neck.

Superficial and deep.

Princeps hallucis.

Communicating (of
dorsalis pedis).

First and second toes.

Princeps pollicis.

Radial.

Thumb

Profunda (or deep
femoral).

Femoral.

[•high.

External and internal circumflex, three
perforating.

Profunda, inferior.

Brachial.

ps, elbow-joint

Profunda, superior.

Brachial.

Humerus, muscles and skin of arm.

Ascending, cutaneous, articular, nutri-
ent, muscular.

Pterygoid, external.

Internal maxillary.

External pterygoid muscle.
Internal pterygoid muscle.

Pterygoid, internal.

Internal maxillary.

Pterygo-palatine (or

pterygo-pharvngeal)

Internal maxillary.

Pharynx, Eustachian tubes and

lal cells.

Pharyngeal, Eustachian, sphenoidal.

ARTERIES 132 ARTERIES

I MM i: I »l- ARTERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

Distribution.

Branches.

eal.

•-pala-
tine.

I'u:

.istric, deep.

Pubic region.

Pubic.

Obturator.

Pubic region.

Puii iry.

Infei ioi vesical.

large, supplies the parts nor-
mally supplied by the internal pudic,
i'ii istaie.

Pud .li, deep,

(or infei i<

Femoral, common.

Skin of scrotum (or labia in female).

Pudic, external, super-
>upei ioi I.

i 'ommon, it moral.

Integument above pubes and external
talia.

Pudic, internal.

Iliac, anterior division
of internal branch.

Generative organs.

External (oi inferior) hemorrhoidal,
superficial perineal, muscular, arter-
ies of bulb, crus, and dorsal of
penis.

Pulmonary.

Right venti

Lungs.

Right and left.

11 ic, inferior.

Gastro-d u o d e n a 1 or
right gastro-epiploic.

Pyloric end of stomach.

Pyloric, superior.

Hepatic

Pyloric end of stomach.

Quadrate.

Anterior cerebral.

Quadrate convolution of brain.

Quadrigeminal, ante-
rim. See J'reoptic.

idrigeminal, me-
dian. See Medioptic.

Radial.

Brachial.

Forearm, wrist, hand.

Radial recurrent, muscular, anterior
and posterior radial carpal, super-
ficial volar, metacarpal, dorsalis
pollicis, dorsalis indicis, deep pal-
mar arch.

Radial carpal, anterior
and posterior.

Radial.

Wrist and carpal joints.

Radial, profunda.

Superior profunda of
arm.

Back of ell

Radial recurrent, an-
ior.

Radial.

Elbow-joint and muscles of forearm.

Radial recurrent, pos-
terior

Posterior interosseous
(forearm).

Radial.

w.

Radialis indicis.

Index finger.

Radio-carpal, palmar
transv* i

Radial carpal, an-
terior.

Radio- palmar. See
Volar, superficial.

Ranine.

Lingual.

nd mucous membrane of

mouth.

tal. Lateral sacral.

Rectum.

Rectal.

Middle sacral.

Rei turn.

tal, middle.
Hem ', mid-
dle.

Recurrent.

Deep palmar arch.

il .joints.

urrent, posterior
■ osseous

Posterior interosseous.

Elbow.

urrent, radial. See
rent.

Recurrent, tibial, an-

• r and posterior

Anterior tibial.

Popliteus and ligaments of km

Recurrent, ulnar, an- Ulna.
tenor and postei

Elbow-joint and contiguous structures

ARTERIES 133 ARTE]

TABLE OF ARTERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

Distribution.

Branches.

Renal.

Abdominal aorta.

Kidney.

Inferior suprarenal, capsular (or peri-
renal), ureteral.

Rhachidian. See
Spinal.

Sacra media. See

Saa al, middle.

Sacral, lateral (i or 2).

Internal iliac, posterior Structures about sacrum,
division.

Spinal, rectal, muscular.

Sacral, middle.

Continuation of aorta.

Sacrum and coccyx.

Saphenous (occasional
branch of common
femoral).

Accompanies saphen-
ous vein.

Saphenous, small.

Popliteal (occasional). External malleolus.

Scapular, dorsal.

Subscapular. Muscles of infraspinous fossa.

Infrascapular.

Scapular, external.

See Acromial.

Scapular, inferior. See
Subscapular.

Scapular, internal. See
Subscapular.

Scapular, posterior.

Continuation of trans-
verse cervical.

Muscles of scapular region.

Supra-spinous and infra-spinous, sub-
scapular, muscular.

Scapular, superficial.

See Suprascapular.

Scapular, superior.
See Suprascapular.

Scapular, transverse.
See Suprascapular.

Scapulo-humeral. See
Circumflex, posterior

Sciatic.

Internal iliac, anterior
division.

Pelvic muscles and viscera, and
branches.

• geal, inferior gluteal, muscular,
anastomotic, articular, cutan>
comes nervi ischiadici, vesical, rec-
tal, prostatic, etc.

Scrotal, anterior.

Inferior external pudic.

Anterior portion of scrotum.

Scrotal, posterior.

Internal pudic.

Posterior part of scrotum.

Septal, ascending.

Spheno-palatine.

Upper part of mucous membrane of

nasal septum.

Sigmoid.

Inferior mesenteric. Sigmoid flexure.

Spermatic.

Abdominal aorta.

Scrotum and testis.

I "ivteral, cremasteric, epididymal, tes-
ticular.

Spermatic, external.

Deep epigastric.

Cremaster muscle, and spermatic cord.

Sphenoidal.

Middle cerebral.

Sphenoidal lobe, lower part of cortex.

Sphenoidal.

Pterygo-palatine.

Sphenoidal cells.

Sphenoidal.

Spheno-palatine.

Sphenoidal cells.

Spheno- palatine (or
naso-palatine).

Internal maxillary.

Pharynx, nose, and sphenoidal cells.

Pharyngeal, sphenoidal, nasal, ascend-
ing septal.

Spheno-spinous See
Meningeal, middle.

Spinal.

Ascending cervical.

Spinal canal

Spinal.

Intercostals.

Spinal canal and spine.

Spinal.

Lateral sacral. Spinal membranes and muscles and
skin over sacrum.

Spinal, anterior.

Vertebral. Spinal cord.

Spinal, lateral.

Vertebral. Vertebrae and spinal canal.

ARTERI1 S 134 A.R I I KM S

r ABLE 01 \KI ERIES.— Contint,

Name.

( >Kli.IN.

Vert*

DlSI K1BUTION.

Bkan< his.

Spinal, posterior.

Spine.

Splenic.

MS.

Spleen, pancreas, part of stomach,
omentum.

Small and large pancreatic, left gastro-
epiploic, vasa brevia, terminal

nic

Left phrenic.

Splenic.

Spiel 11

Stylo-mastoid

Stapedius muscle.

phylini.

See Palatine, post,'
Internal mammary.

rial.

Sternum and triangularis sterni.

'ill.

Occipital.

Sterno-mastoid muscle.

no -mastoid i <• r Superior thyroid.
middle mastoid).

Sterno-mastoid, and other muscles of
neck.

mastoid, infe-
rior.

Suprascapular.

Sterno-mastoid muscle.

mastoid.

Posterior auricular.

Mastoid cells, tympanic cavity, etc.

Meatal, mastoid, stapedic, tympanic,
vestibular, terminal.

rebellar.

Basilar.

Inferior and anterior portion of cere-
bellum.

lavian.

Right, innominate.
Left, arch of aorta.

Neck, thorax, arms, brain, meninges,
etc.

Vertebral, thyroid axis, interna] mam-
mary, superior intercostal.

an.

Suprascapular.

Subclavius muscle.

Subclavian, right. A
term sometimes
given to the inno-
minate.

Subcostal (or 12th dor-

Thoracic aorta.

Intercostal space.

Subdural. See Menin-

(0/ ascending
pha '

Subfrontal.

Anterior cerebral.

Olfactory groove.

Sublingual.

Lingual.

Sublingual gland, side of tongue, and
floor of mouth.

Artery of frenum.

maxillary. See
mdular.

Submental.

Facial.

Tissues under jaw.

Muscular, perforating, cutaneous,
mental.

Suborbital. See Infra-
orbital.

Subsacral. See Sacral,

lateral.

Subscapular.

Axillary.
Posterior scapular.

Subscapulars, teres major, latissimus
dorsi, serratus magnus, axillary
glands.

Dorsal and infrascapular.

Subscapular.

Subscapular fossa.
Subscapular fossa.

Subscapular.

Suprascapular.

Sup liar. See
'•liar, superior.

Supermaxillodental.
Dental, superior.

■ rscapular. See
Suprascapular.

Supra-acromial.

Suprascapular.

Acromial region.

Supra-dural.

External carotid.

Meninges.

Supra-hyoid (or hyoid)

Lingual.

Muscles above hyoid bone.

Supramaxillary. See
Dental, superior.

ARTERIES L35 , ARTERIES

I "LBLE OF A I; I ERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

1 MSI klBl'TION.

Branches.

Supraorbital.

Ophthalmic.

Orbit, frontal sinusi s, diploe and upper
•lid.

Periosteal, muscular, diploic, troch-
lear, palpebral.

Supra-renal, inferior.

Renal.

Supra-renal body.

Supra-renal, middle
(or supra-renal).

Aorta.

Supra-renal bodies.

Supra-renal, superior.

Phrenic.

Supra-renal bodies.

Suprascapular (or
transversalis hum-
eri).

Thyroid axis.

Muscles of shoulder.

Inferior sterno-mastoid, subclavian,
nutrient, supra-sternal, acromial,
articular, subscapular, supra-spinous
and infraspinous.

Supraspinous.

Posterior scapular.

Supraspinous muscles and trapezius.

Supraspinous.

Suprascapular.

Supraspinatus muscle.

Suprasternal.

Suprascapular.

Skin of upper part of chest.

Sural (or muscular).

Popliteal.

Muscles of popliteal space and calf.

Tarsal, external and
internal.

Dorsalis pedis.

Skin and joints, etc., of foot.

Temporal.

External carotid.

Forehead, parotid gland, masseter,
ear.

Parotid , articular, masseteric, anterior
auricular, transverse facial, middle,
temporal, and anterior and posterior
terminal.

Temporal.

Posterior cerebral.

Inferior part of temporal lobe of brain.

Temporal, deep, an-
terior.

Internal maxillary.

Anterior part of temporal fossa.

Temporal, deep, ex-
ternal. See Tem-
poral, deep, ante-
rior.

Temporal, deep, in-
ternal.

See Temporal, deep,
posterior.

Temporal, deep, post-
erior.

Internal maxillary,
pterygoid portion.

Temporal fossa.

Temporal, frontal. See
Temporal, anterior.

Temporal, middle.

Temporal.

Squamous portion temporal lobe.

Temporal, posterior.

Superficial temporal.

Side of head and vertex.

Temporal, superficial.

See Temporal.

Temporo-occipital.

Posterior cerebral.

Cuneus, lingual, convolution and ex-
terior of occipital lobe.

Termatic.

Anterior communicat-
ing.

Cinerea and callosum.

Testicular.

Spermatic

Testicle.

Testicular, great. See
Spermatic, internal.

Testicular, small. See
Spermatic, external

Thalamic, middle.

Posterior communi-
cating.

Optic thalamus.

Thoracic, acromial
(thoracic axis).

Axillary.

Muscles of shoulder, arm, and chest.

Acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavic-
ular.

Thoracic, alar.

Axillary

Axillary glands.

Thoracic axis. See
Thoracic, acromial.

Thoracic, external.
See Mammary, ex-
ternal.

Thoracic, inferior. See
Mammary, external.

ARTERIES 136 ARTERIES

TABLE "1 ARTERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

1 M-> 1 KIBUTION.

Thoracic, internal.
See Mammary, inter-
nal.

Thoracic, long (exter-
nal niammai

Thoracic, short (or
superior).

Thoracic twelfth. See

Subcostal.

Thymic.

Axillary.

Axillary.

Internal mammary.

Thymic
tinal.

Thyroid, ascending
See Thyroid, infe-
rior.

Thyroid axis.

Thyroid, deep.

Thyroid, descending.
See Thyroid, supe-
rior

Thyroid, inferior.

Subclavian.

Arch of aorta, innom-
i na t e (occasional
branch).

Pectoral muscles, serratus magnus,
mammary and axillary glands.

Branches.

Intercostal muscles, serratus magnus

Connective tissue, fat and lymphatics,
or mediastinum and thymus.

Shoulder, neck, thorax, spine, cord.

Thyroid axis.

Same as inferior thyroid.

Larynx, esophagus and muscles of

neck.

Thyroid, middle. S e
Thyroidea ima

Thyroid, superior. External carotid.

Thvroidea ima

Thyro-laryngeal.
Tibial, anterior.

Innominate (usually).

Thyroid superior.

Tibial, anterior, recur-
rent.

Popliteal.

Anterior tibial.

Tibial, posterior.

Popliteal.

Tibial, profunda (of Internal plantar, (in-
foot). nermost branch).

Omo-hyoid, sterno-hyoid, sterno-thy
roid, thyroid gland.

Thyroid bodj .

Larynx and thyroid body.

Leg.

Tibialis amicus muscle.

Leg, heel and foot.

Abductor pollicis muscle

Tibial, recurrent, post-
erior.

Anterior tibial.

Tonsillar.

Ascending palatine.

Tonsillar.

Facial.

Tracheal.

Inferior thyroid.

Back of knee joint.

Tonsil and Eustachian tube.

Tonsil and root of tongue.

Trachea.

Trachc
See
rior.

Transversalis colli.

Transversalis humeri.
See Suprascapular.

Thyroid axis.

Neck and scapular region.

Transverse.

Inferior thyroid, suprascapular and
transverse cervical.

Muscular, ascending cervical, esopha-
geal, tracheal and inferior laryrgeal.

Hyoid, sterno-mastoid, superior
laryngeal, crico-thyroid.

Posteriorand anterior tibial recurrent,
muscular, internal and external mal-
leolar.

Peroneal, muscular, medullar)', cuta-
neous, communicating, malleolar,
calcanean, internal and external
plantar.

Unites with the plantar pollicar.

Anastomoses with the inferior articu-
lar arteries of knee.

Superficial cervical and posterior
scapular.

External circumflex. Muscles of upper part of thigh.

Transverse. See P,m-
tal.

Transverse.

Right coronary.

Heart muscle.

ARTERIES

137

ARTERIES

TABLE OF ART! RIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

Distribution.

Branches.

Transverse humeral.
See Suprascapular.

Transverse nasal.

Nasal (of ophthalmic)

Root of nose.

Transverse perineal.

Superficial pel ii

Muscles and integuments of perineum
Triceps muscle (of arm).

Tricipual.

Posterior circumflex

Tympanic. See 67a-
serian.

Tympanic. Ascending pharyngeal.

Tympanum.

Tympanic.

Middle meningeal.

Tensor tympani.

Tympanic.

Stylo-mastoid.

Membrana tympani.

Tympanum

Tympanic.

Vidian.

Ovarian.

Brachial.

Tubal.

Fallopian tube.

Ulnar.

Forearm, wrist, and hand.

Anterior and posterior ulnar recur-
rent, common interosseous, muscu-
lar, nutrient, anterior and posterior
ulnar carpal, palmar arch.

Ulnar carpal, anterior
and posterior.

Ulnar.

Carpal region.

Ulnar, recurrent, ante-
rior and posterior.

Ulnar.

Muscles of arm and elbow-joint.

Ulno-carpal, anterior.

Ulnar.

Muscles of hand.

Umbilical.

Hypogastric.

Chorionic villi.

Uncinate.

Posterior cerebral.

Un< inate convolution

Uracheric.

Superior vesical.

Urachus.

Ureteral.

Ovarian.

Ureter.

Ureteral.

Renal.

Ureter.

Ureteral.

Spermatic.

Ureter.

Ureteric.

Common iliac.

Ureter.

Ureteric, inferior.

Superior vesical (or
uterine).

Ureter and bladder.

Ureteric, middle.

Of aorta, common iliac,
or internal spermatic

Middle part of ureter.

Ureteric, superior.

Renal.

Upper part of ureter.

Urethro-bulbar.

See Perineal, trans-
verse.

L'terine.

Internal iliac, anterior
branch.

Uterus.

Cervical, vaginal, azygos.

Uterine.

Ovarian.

Uterus.

Utero-placental.

Uterine.

Gravid uterus and placenta.

Uveal. See Ciliary,
posterior and short.

Vaginal (2 or 3).

Internal iliac, anterior
division.

Vagina.

Vaginal azygos.

Uterine.

Vagina.

Vasa brevia.

Splenic.

Stomach.

Vermiform, inferior.

Cerebellar, posterior in-
ferior.

Vermiform process of cerebellum.

Vermiform, superior.

Superior cerebellar.

Superior vermiform process of cerebel-
lum.

Vertebral.

Subclavian.

Neck of cerebrum.

Lateral spinal, muscular, anastomotic,
posterior meningeal, posterior and
anterior spinal, posterior cerebellar.

ARTHROMENINGITIS 138 ARTICULATE

1 Al:l i: OF AR1 ERIES.— Continued.

Name.

Origin.

I MSTRIBI'TION.

Branches.

Vertebral, posterior.
See aortcz , primitive

Vesical, inferior.

Internal iliac, anterior
division.

Bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and
vagina (in female).

Bladder.

Vesical, middle.

Superior vesical.

Internal iliac, anterior
division.

Vesical, superior.

Bladder.

Deferential, uracherii-, ureteric, mid-
dle vesical (occasionally).

"-prostatic.

Middle hemorrhoidal.

Prostate and seminal vesicles.

Vesico- vaginal. See
/ 'agtnal.

Vestibular.

Internal auditory.

Membranous labyrinth.

libular.

Stylo-mastoid.

Vestibule and semicircular canals.

Vidian.

Internal maxillary.

Roof of pharynx, Eustachian tube, and
tympanum.

Pharyngeal, Eustachian, tympanic.

Vitelline. See Om-

phalo-mesenteric.

Volar, superficial.

Radial.

Ball of thumb.

Enters into formation of superficial
palmar arch.

Volar, superior. See
/ 'olar, superficial.

Xiphoid.

Superior epigastric.

Ensiform cartilage.

omatico-orb i t al .
Orbital {of tem-
poral).

Arthromeningitis [ar-thro-men-in-ji'-tis) [apdpov, a
joint; fjd/vcyl;, membrane]. Synovitis.

Arthromere {ar'-thro mtr) [apdpov, a joint ; fiipoq, a
part]. In biology, one of the rings or somites
characteristic of the articulated invertebrates.

Arthron [arf-thron) [apdpov, a joint]. A joint; espe-
cially a movable joint.

Arthronalgia [ar-thron-al'-je-ah). See Arthralgia.

Arthroncus (ar-throt .a joint ; by/cor,

a swelling]. I. A cartilaginous body such as occa-
sionally forms within the knee-joint. 2. Swelling of a
joint.

Arthropathia [ar-thro-pathf -e-ah). See Arthropathy.
A. Tabidorum. See Charcot's Disease.

Arthropathies [ar-thro-pathf -iks) [apdpov, a joint ;
iradoc, disease]. Disease of the joints.

Arthropathy [ar-throp' -a-the) [apdpov, a joint; niBoq,
disease]. I. Any joint disease. 2. A peculiar dis-
ease of the joints similar to rheumatoid arthritis, but,
according to < harcot, a distinct disease. It belongs to
the prodromal stage of tabes, rapidly destroys the
joint, is painless, without fever or intlammation, pre-
fers the large joints, and i- connected with hydrar-
throsis and swelling of the joints.

Arthrophlogosis {ar-tht '-sis) [apdpov, joint;

o'/iynv, to burn]. Inflammation of a joint.

Arthrophragm (ar' ' -thro-fram) [apdpov, a joint ;
a, a fence]. Partitions between the articulation-
of arthropods.

Arthroplasty (ar' ' -tkro-plas-te) [apdpov, a joint ;
-/daaeiv, to form]. The making of an artificial joint

Arthropleure (ar' ' -thro-pl&r) [apdpov, a joint; ~/
the side]. One of the pjeurites or lateral pieces com-
ng a somite of an arthropod

Arthropodous (ar-throfi' -o -du <ov, a joint ; ~

a foot]. In biology, having jointed legs.

Arthropyosis (ar-thro-pi-o'-sis) [apdpov, a joint; Tntjovc,
.suppuration]. Pus-formation in a joint.

Arthrosia (ar-thro' -ze-ah\ [apdpov, a joint]. Painful
inflammatory or other affection of a joint.

Arthrosis (ar-tliro'-sis) [apdpoeiv, to fasten by a joint].
Articulation or jointing.

Arthrospore (ar'-thro-spor) [apdpov, a joint ; ct~
a seed]. In biology, a spore formed by fission, as
opposed to an oidospore.

Arthrosterigma (ar-thro-ster-ig> '-mah) [apdpov, a joint ;
oTf/piypa, a support: pi., Arthrosterigmata]. In biol-
ogy, a jointed sterigma, as in many lichens.

Arthrostome (ar' ' -thro-stom) [apdpov, a join! ; arbfia, a
mouth]. I.. Agassiz's name for the mouth of articu-
lates. Compare Actinostome.

Arthrosyrinx (ar-thro-sir' '-ingki) [apdpov, a joint ;
ovptyi; , a pipe] . A fistulous opening into a joint.

Arthrotome (or' '-thro-lorn) [apdpov, joint ; T0[i6r,& cut
ting]. A stout knife used in the surgery of the
joints.

Arthrotomy (ar-throf '-o-nte) [apdpov, a joint ; ri/
to cut]. Incision of a joint.

Arthrous (ar,-t)irns\ [apdpov, a joint]. Pertaining to a
joint or joints ; jointed

Arthroxesis (ar-throks' '-es-is) [apdpov, joint ;

scraping]. The surgical treatment of an articular sur
face by scraping.

Artiad (ar'-te-ad) [hprvoq, even]. In chemistry, a term
used to designate atoms having an even quantivalence,
as oxygen, which is bivalent, iron quadrivalent, and
sulphur hexivalent .

Articular (ar-tik' -u-lar) [art\cularis, of the joints].
Pertaining to an articulation or joint.

Articulate {ar-tik' u-lat) [articulare to divide in joint-].
Divided into joint-, distinct. A. Speech, the com-
munication of ideas by spoken words.

ARTICULATION

139

ARTIFICIAL

Articulation \ar-tik u-ld -shun) [articultts, a joint], i.
A joint or arthrosis; a connection between two or
more bones, whether allowing movement betw
them or not. The articulations are divided into: (i)
Synarthroses, immovable, subdivided into St hindyleses,
or grooved joints, gomphoses, in sockets, as the teeth,
and sutune, as in the bones of the skull ; (2) Diarth
roses, or movable joints, subdivided into the arthrodia,
or gliding joints, the ginglymus, or hinge like, the
enarthroscs, or ball-and-socket joints; (3) Amphiar
th roses, or those of a mixed type. 1. The enuncia-
tion of spoken speech. A. of Artificial Teeth, tin
adjustment and arrangement of one or more artificial
teeth, so that it, or they, when placed in the mouth,
shall sustain the same relationship to the organs with
which they antagonize, when the jaws are closed, as
the natural teeth did previous to their loss. A., Con-
fluent, the clipping of words, or running together of
syllables — a symptom of certain cerebral diseases. A.
of Models. See Models for Artificial Teeth, Ant
nixing. A. Positions. See Consonants. A. of the
Teeth. See Teeth, Articulation of.

Articulator [ar-tik'-u-la-tor) \_articulus, a joint]. An
instrument used in mechanical dentistry for holding
the models in position while the artificial teeth are
being arranged and antagonized upon the plates.

Articuli (ar-tik'-u-li'). See Lenticula.

Articulo mortis, In (ar-tik' -u-lo mor'-tis) [L.]. At the
moment of death. In the act of dying.

Artifact (ar'-te-fict) [arte, by art; factum, made]. In
microscopy and histology, a structure that has been
produced by mechanical, chemical, or other artificial
means ; a structure or tissue that has been changed
from its natural state.

Artificial (ar-te-fish'-al) \artificialis\. Made or imitated
by art. A. Anus, an opening in the abdomen to give
exit to the feces ; an opening made in case of
imperforate anus. A. Crowns, porcelain crowns of
teeth designed to be united to the roots of natural
teeth ; what is commonly called by the misnomer
" pivot tooth.'' A. Dentine, a preparation composed
of pure gutta-percha, while in a softened state, mixed
with mineral substances, and used for temporary fill-
ings. See Temporary Stopping. A. Eye, a film of
glass, celluloid, rubber, etc., made in imitation of the
front part of the globe of the eye and worn in the
socket or over a blind eye for cosmetic reasons. A.
Feeding, the feeding of an infant by other means
than mother's milk. Various mixtures and foods are
to be had, such as Meigs's, RotcKs, Biedert's
Mixtures, etc. , q. v. See Table at end of this article.
A. Joint, or false Joint, the non-united ends
of a broken bone. A. Leech. See Leech. A.
Palate, a mechanical contrivance for supplying the
loss of the whole or a portion of the hard or soft
palate, or both. A. Pupil, removal of a piece of the
iris (iridectomy, iridod/alysis, etc.), to allow the light
to pass through the opening. A. Respiration, the
aeration of the blood by artificial means. A method
of inducing the normal function of respiration when
from any cause it is temporarily in abeyance, a- in
asphyxia neonatorum, drowning, etc. Bain's Method.
a modification of Sylvester- method, the axilla itself
being seized so that the traction is made directly upon
the pectoral muscles. Byrd,s\ t '/./..) Method ; the physi-
cian's hands are placed under the middle portion of the
child's back with their ulnar borders in contact and at
right angles to the spine With the thumbs extended,
the two extremities of the trunk are carried forward by
gentle but firm pressure, so that they form an angle of
45 degrees with each other in the diaphragmatic region.
Then the an<rle is reversed by carrying backward the

shoulders and the nates. Dei ' \d ; the infant is

grasped in the left hand, allowing the neck to rest
between the thumb and forefinger, the head falling far
ovei backward. The upper portion of the back
-1 apul e rest in the palm ol the hand, the Other thl
fingers being inserted in the axilla of the babe'- left
arm, raising it upward and outward. Tin- right hand
gra-ps the babe's knees, and the lower portion of the
body is depressed to favor inspiration. The move-
ment is rever-ed to favor expiration, the head,
shoulders, and chest being brought forward and the
thigh- pressed upon tin abdomen. Forest's Method;
tin- child is placed on its face and quick, violent pres-
sure i- made on the back ; then it is placed in a
pail of hot water, and the hands carried upward
until the child is suspended by it- arm-, and mouth-
to-mouth insufflation is practised; the arms are then
lowered and the body doubled forward ; these move-
ments are repeated at the rate of 40 per minute. Hall' s
Mthod ; by turning the body alternately upon the side
or face to compress the che.st, and then upon the
back to allow the lungs to expand. Howard'' s
Method ; by pressure upon the lower rib- every few
seconds. Pacini's Method; for resuscitating asphyxi-
ated infants. The child lying on its back, the
operator stands at its head, and grasps the axilla,
pulling the shoulders forward and upward to com-
press the thorax, and allowing them to fall in order
to expand the chest. Satterthicaitc s Method; pres-
sure upon the abdomen alternating with relaxation to
allow descent of the diaphragm. Schrceder's Method;
the babe while in a bath is supported by the opera-
tor on the back, its head, arm-, and pelvis being
allowed to fall backward; a forceful expiration i-
then effected by bending up the babe over its
belly, thereby compressing the thorax. Schult
Method : the child is seized from behind with both
hands, by the shoulders, in such a way that the right
index linger of the operator is in the right axilla of the
child from behind forward, and the left index finger in
the left axilla, the thumbs hanging loosely over the
clavicles. The other three linger- hang diagonally
downward along the back of the thorax The opera-
tor stand- with hi- feet apart and holds the chib 1
above, practically hanging on the index fingers in the
first position, with the feet downward, the whole
weight re-ting on the index finger- in the axillae, the
head being supported by the ulnar borders of the
hands. 'This is the first inspiratory position. At once
the operator swings the child gently forward and up-
ward. When the operator's hands are somewhat above
the horizontal the child is moved gently, so that the
lower end of the body falls forward toward its head.
The body i- not thing over, but moved gently until the
lower end rests on the chest. In this position the
chest and upper end of the abdomen are compressed
tightly. The child's thorax rests on the tips of the
thumbs of the operator. As a result of this forcible
expiration the fluids usually pour out of the nose and
mouth of the infant. The child is allowed to lest in
this position (the first expiratory position) about om
two second-. The operator gradually lower- his
arms, the child's body bends back, and he again holds
the infant hanging on his index linger- with its I
downward; this is the second inspiratory position.
These movement- are repeated 15 to 20 time- in the
minute. Sylvester's Method, chiefly by movements of
the arms. This method is valueless in asphyxia neo-
natorum, owing to non-development of the pectoral
muscles. A. Urticaria, a condition much resembling
that seen in the autographic skin 0. 7'. A. Vitre-
ous. See Evisceration.

AK 11 S

140

ASCHIST< >I'.\i I V LISM

ARTIFICIAL 1 1 1 DING "1 IM AN 1-

Table i rrm ki ■ ..•• IRI

-
--

<

Is 1 1 RVAL,

(ii

Ami

Fo r Each

F 1 1

1 ..1 Al.

Ami ' n 1 in 24
Hoi

i-t week,

-■ hours.

10

I oz.

10 ozs.

j.l n> .jtli week. . . .

2

9

I '.■ ■

I3JS"

id month, . .

3

6

3 •'

18 "

3d to 4U1 month, . .

3 "

6

4 "

24 '•

4th to 51I1 month, . .

3 "

6

4-4H "

24-27 "

6th mon'h

3

6

5 "

30 "

Slh month, ....

3 "

6

6

36 "

10th mouth, ....

3

5

8

40 "

Artus . Artus\ A joint ; a limb; the

joints collectively.
Aryepiglottic [ar-e-ep-e-glot'-ik). Same as Aryteno-

Arytenoepiglottic | ar-if -ten-o-ep-e-gloP -ill) [iijiiraiva,
a pitcher; eldog, likeness; kiri, upon; j/.wrr/c,
glottis]. Relating to an arytenoid cartilage and to the
epiglottis ; as the aryteno-epiglottic fold (or folds), con-
ting of a fold of mucous membrane that extends
from either arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis.

Arytenoid lar-i-te/-noid) [apvraiva, .1 pitcher; eldog,
likened]. Resembling the mouth of a pitcher. A.
cartilages, two cartilages of the larynx regulating, by
the means of the attached muscles, the tension of the
vocal cord-. A. Glands, muciparous gland- found in
large numbers along the posterior margin of the
aryteno-epiglottidean fold in front of the arytenoid
cartilages. A. Muscle, arises from the posterior sur-
face of one arytenoid cartilage and is inserted into the
corresponding parts of the other. It is composed of
three planes of fibers, two oblique and one transverse.
It draw.-, the arytenoid cartilages together.

Arythmia ar-ith' '-me-ah). See Arrhythmia.

Arythmic [ar-ith' -mik). See Arrhythmic

Asa (a'-sah) [Pers., dza, mastic]. A gum. A. dulcis,
benzoin; also the drug called

Asafetida [as-a-felf -id-ah) \asa, gum; fatida, stink-
ing]. A resinous gum obtained from the root of
Ferula fatida- and /-. scordosoma. It i- somewhat solu-
ble in alcohol and forms an emulsion with water. Its
properties are due toallyl 'sulphid ', l,II 10S. It is a power-
ful antispasmodic, stimulant, and expectorant, and is
very serviceable in hysteria and bronchial affections.
Dose gr. v— xx. A. tinct., strength 20 per cent. I
~ 5S— ij. A. emplastrum, asafetida 35, lead plaster
35, galbanum 15, yellow wax 15, alcohol 120 parts.
A., Enema B. P.), asafi d water. A.,

Emulsum, a 4 percent, emulsion. Dose 5SS— ^U1
A. et magnesiae mist., I >ewees's carminative, magne-
sium carb. 5, tinct. asafetida 7, tinct. opii 1, sugar IO,
arp de-t. ad loo part-. Dose Z ~, A. pilulae,

contain each gr. iij of asafetida and gr. j
Dose j-iv. A. et Aloes pil., have gr. i'; o( each
ingredient. A. pil. comp. (B. P.). Galbani pil.
comp.. See Galbanum. Ammonia v.. contains

asafetida \y2,\\<\. amnionic- fort. 2, .-pirit 20 parts.
Dose 3ss— j. Unof.

Asagrea, or Asagraea \-a dray, an

American botanist]. A genusof melanthaceous hi
A. officinalis. See Cebadilla.

Asak (as* -ok). See Saraea indica.

Asaphatum U-um) [Arab.]. An old name for

comedones.

Asaphia a, indistinctness]. Indis-

tinctness of utterance, especially that due to cleft

palate.

Asaprol . .' , < a ' 'I I ' ,,,! 1, .Si ' , _.. jAq. Cal

cium i- naplnhol -a -mono- sulphonate, a substance
readily soluble in water and alcohol, and recommended
.1- an antiseptic in 5 per cent, solution. It is also used
in acute articular rheumatism in doses of from 15 to
60 grain-.

Asarabacca [as-ar-ab-ak' '-ah) [<i priv. ; oeipa, a band ;
bacca, a berry]. The plant Asarum europaum, an
errhin, aperient, and emetic Unof,

Asarcia [ah-sar/-se-ah) [a priv. ; adp§, lle.-h]. Ema-
ciation ; leanness.

Asarin {as'-ar-in). Same as Asarone.

Asarkia [ah-sar'-ke ah). See Asar in.

Asarol (as'-ar-dl) \aaapov, asarabacca; oleum, oil],
C10H18O. A camphor-like body derived from asarum.

Asarone (as'-ar-on) [aaapov, asarabacca], ^ .,,11
Asarin. The solid component of the oil from *-/> arum
europaum. It forms monoclinic prisms, melting at 6l°,
and boils at 2950. It has an aromatic taste, and
smells like camphor.

Asarum [as'-ar-um) \jinnpov, asarabacca]. A genus
of aristolochiaceous plants. A. europaeum has diapb-
orectic, emetic, purgative, and diuretic qualities, but
is now little used ex< ept in veterinary practice. A.
canadense. called wild ginger, Canada snakeroot,
with other N. American species, are used chiefly in
domestic practice. A. canadense is a fragrant, aro-
matic stimulant. Dose of fid. ext. n\ xv-gss.
Unof.

Asbestos (as-bes'-tos) [do \eorog, unquenchable]. A
mineral more or less flexible and fibrous. It is used in
mechanical dentistry, mixed with plaster, as a substi-
tute for sand, to form the investment preparatory to
soldering. In surgery, it has also a limited use.

Ascariasis {as-kar-i'-as-is) \_iiaK<ij>i^eiv, to jump]. The
symptoms produced by the presence of ascarides in
the gastrointestinal canal.

Ascaricide (as-kar'-is-id) \ascaris, a mite; cadere, to
kill]. A medicine that kills ascarides.

Ascarides {as-kar'-id-iz). See Thread-iuorms.

Ascaridiasis {as-kar-id-i' '-as-is) [aanapit^Eiv, to jump].
The presence of ascarides in the intestine.

Ascaris [as'-kar-h 1 [aonapiretv to jump : pi. , Ascarides].
A genus of the family Ascarida. Parasitical worms
inhabiting the bodies, and especially the intestines, of
most animal-. A. lumbricis, is found in the ox,
hog and man. It inhabits the small intestine, especi-
ally of children. A. rhystax, the round-worm of
the cat, and A. alata have rarely been found in
man. A. vermicularis, a synonym of Oxyuris ver-
micularis. See Parasites. Table of.

Ascending (as-end'-ing) [ascendere, to rise]. Taking
an upward course (a pari of the aorta, and colon, and
as one of the ven 1. A. Current, in electricity,

one going from the periphery to a nerve-center. A.
Metamorphosis. Same as Anabolism. A. Para-
lysis. See Paralysis.

Ascherson's Vesicles. The peculiar small globules
forme. l when oil and an albuminous fluid are agit. ited
together. Formerly thought tobe cells.

Ascheturesis (as-het-u-re'-sis) [Itnyiror, resistless;
tyOVf, urination]. An uncontrollable desire to
urinate; irrepressible urination.

Aschistodactylism 1 as-kis-to-dak/-til-izm)[aoxiaTOSSm-
cloven ; (Jd/crvAoc, a finger]. A synonym of Syndacty-
lism.

ASCIA

Ml

ASEXUAL

Ascia {a'-se-ah or as,-ie-ah) \ii priv. ; oki&, shadow].
Fascia spiralis; dolabra currens ; a spiral bam
applied without reverses, eai h turn ol which overlap--
the preceding for about athird of its width. Dolabra
repens, is thi same as the preceding, in which, how-
ever, the spirals are formed more obliquely, and do
not overlap each other, but are separated by a gp
or less interval.

Ascidiuin ■' -urn) [aaiudcov, dim. of aoK6g, a wine-

skin]. In biology, a pitcher, or a pitcher shaped organ,
as in the pitcher plant or bladder wort.

Asciferous [as-if'-er-us) [d<r/«5c, a bladder (spec, a
spore case) ; ferre, to bear]. Producing .

Ascigerous [as '/' er-us) [ascus, a spore ease; gerere,
to bear]. Ascus bearing.

Ascites [as-i'-Hz) [aOKiryg, a kind of drops) ; from
(lOKur, a bag]. An abnormal collection oi serous fluid
in the peritonea] cavity ; dropsy oi the pi ritom um. It
is either local in origin or a part of a general dropsy.
The ascitic fluid is usually clear, yellow, coagulating on
standing, and if renal in origin contains urea. It nun-
be turbid, blood stained, and contain lymph-particles
or shreds. There is a uniform enlargement of the ab-
domen, fluctuation, percussion dulness, etc. A. adi-
posus. A milks appearance of ascitic fluid due to the
presence in it of numerous cells that have undergone
fatty degeneration and solution. It is seen in certain
cases of cancer, tuberculosis, or chronic inflammation
of the peritoneum. A. chylosus. The presence of
chyle in a greater or less decree of purity in ascitic
fluid. It follows rupture of the chyle duct.

Ascitic, Ascitical [as-it'-ik, as-it'-ik-al) \aoiuT7]c, a
kind of dropsy]. Pertaining to or affected with ascites

Asclepiad [as-kie' -pe-ad} ['AGKfajTriadqg, a Greek poet].
In ancient Greece, any priest of Asclepias f^Escula-
pius),of the family or class that claimed descent from
that hero or demigod. The Asclepiads were also
physicians, at least in some period of their history.

Asclepiadin [as-kle-pV -ad-in) [dff/cA77r«5c] . A bitter
glucosid obtainable from various species of Asclepias.
It is poisonous, with emetic, purgative, and sudorific
effects. Unof.

Asclepias [as-kW-pe-as) [d«7/cA^7rwc]. Pleurisy Root.
The root ol Asclepias tuberosa. A popular remedy in
the Southern States for pleurisy. A powerful diapho-
retic and a moderate emetic and cathartic. The in-
fusion recommended has a strength of 5J of the
powdered root to % xxxij of water. Dose, a teacupful
every 3 or 4 hours. Also, A. curassavica. lilood-
flower, an herb common to tropical America ; astrin-
gent, styptic, and anthelmintic against the tapeworm.
A popular remedy tor checking capillary hemorrhage.
Dose of fid. ext. jj— ij ; of the drug, gr. xx-.xl.
Unof. Many other species of this genus have active
medicinal qualities, at present but little understood.
A., Ext., Fid., the fluid extract. Dose 3 i-ij.

Asclepin [as-kle1 '-pin) \Ji(m'X7jK(6c~\. 1. A poisonous
principle obtainable from asclepiadin by the separation
of glucose from the latter. It is a heart paralyzant,
with reputed alterative, purgative, and diaphoretic
effects. It is offensive to the taste and smell. Unof.
2. The precipitate from a tincture oi Asclepias tuberosa :
alterative,-evacuant, tonic, sedative. Dose grs. ij-iv.
Unof.

Ascocarp [as'-ko-karp) [dff/e<5c, a bag; mpnbq, fruit].
In biology, the organ that in Ascomycetes and Lichenes
produces ascospon--.

Ascococcus [as-ko-kok'-us) [doToJc, a leather bag;
kSkkos, a kernel]. A genus of the family of Schizo-
mycetes. The ascococci are microorganisms made
up of round or ovoid cells ; with elements united in
massive colonies, surrounded by tough, thick, gelatin-

ous envelops. A. Billrothii, found in putr<
meat; its natural habitat is the air; zyn
probably not pathogi ria, Tabl

Ascogenous {as kof n u bag; , .■,•, pro-

ing]. In biology, producing a

Ascogonium i ne-um) [dc/aSc, abag; yavbq, pro

during]. In biology, the 1 female

organ of the mould fungi. It is formed b tine

branches given oil from a myi elium ; an archicarp, or,
generally, an imperfet tly developed carpogonium.

Ascomyceter r) [00116$, a bag; ux

mushroom]. In biology, a group of fungi including
morchella, helvella, leotia, etc., which have cup shaped
depressions, lacunae, and sinuosities. Aspergillus,
penicillium, and oldium belong here.

Ascophora [as-koff'-o-rah) [dff/ede, a bag; <pepeiv, to

bear]. A genus oi fungi. A. elegans, a vegetable

iwth occasional!) found in the ear; bread-mould.

A. mucedo, a microscopic fungus, of which the

mould of bread is an example.

Ascophore [as* -ko-fbr) [dir/c3c, a bag; (pepetv, to bear].
The spore-bearing stage, surface, or hyphae of a fungus.

Ascospore [as' -ko-spor) [d<T«5c, a bag; an ed].

In biology a spore produced by or in an a>cus.

Ascus {as* -kits) [dcr/iof, a bag, or bladder]. In biology,
the characteristic spore case of some fungi and
lichens, usually consisting of a single terminal cell
containing eight spores.

Ascyphous (as^-if-us) [d priv. ; , a cup]. In

botany, without scyphi or cup-shaped fruiting organs,
as some lichens.

Asecretory 1 ak-se/-irel-o-re)[a priv.; . -eparate].

I >ry ; without secretion.

Asellus [as-eV-us) ['•■]• An old name for the cod.
Olezim fecinoris aselli, cod-liver oil.

Asemasia [as-em-a1 '-ze-aA) [d priv. ; 0 .a signal-

ing]. Absence of the power to communicate either
by signs or language.

Asemia \ah-sef -me-ah\ [d priv.; ofjfia, a sign]. In
ability to form, express, or understand any -ign. token,
or symbol of thought or feeling, whether speech,
writing or gesture.

Asepsable [ah-sep/sa-bl) [« priv. ; oipl>t£, putrefaction].
A less correct form of the word Aseptizable.

Asepsin [ak-sep,-sin\. See Antisepsin.

Asepsis [ak-sej/sis) [d priv. ; ayireiv, to putrefy]. The
condition of non-putrefaction ; absence of all septic
material or pathogenic microorganism-.

Aseptic [ah-sep,-tik) [d priv.; 0 . putrefaction].
Free from pathogenic bacteria, or septic matter. The
antiseptic treatment of wound- . including aseptic and
antiseptic dressings, renders the wound aseptic.

Asepticism (ak-sepf -tis-iztn) [d priv. ; nr-- - ptic].
The doctrine or principles of aseptic surgery.

Asepticity [ah-sep-tisJ -it-e) [d priv. ; ~ tic].

Quality of being aseptic.

Asepticize [ak-s [d priv. ; 1 -- . - ptic]. To

render aseptic; to free from the power of conveying
septic poison.

Aseptin [ah-sep/-tin 1 [d priv.; - -- . -eptic]. A secret
preparation containing boric acid, used for preserving
articles of food.

Aseptizable [aA-sep/-tis-a-bl) [a priv. ; - m . septic].
Susceptible of being rendered aseptic.

Aseptol [ak-sepf-tol) [d priv. ; ffj/n-njc, septic], <
S04. Sulphocarbolic acid; sozolic acid. A reddish
liquid, with an odor of carbolic acid, recommended
as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is used externally
1 : 1000), and internally in about the same dose as
carbolic acid.

Asexual [alt ' il) [d priv. ; sexus, sex]. With-
out sex ; non-sexual.

ASH

1 12

ASPIRATE

Ash '■' I S txinus. A. manna.

See / u A., Poison. Si 'hionanthus. A.,

Prickly. See Xanthoxylutn.

Asialia [n pri\ . spittle]. 1'

or failure of the secretion of saliva.

Asialorrhea \. Sami

Asiatic [Asia]. Pertaining or belonging

to Asia. A. Cholera. See c A. Pill, a

method of administering arsenic in >kin diseases. The
formula is,arsenious acid gr. ij ; black pepper, powdered
licorice, each gr. xxxij ; mucilage q. - M et ft. pil.
no. xwii. S. « ine to be taken t. d. after meals.

Asimina 1 . ] \ | qus of trees. A.

triloba. The papaw or pawpaw tree ol North
America, bearing an edible fruit.

Asiminin (as-im' -in-in) [asimina]. An alkaloid de
rived from the seeds of Asimina it iloba. h bas active
medicinal properties but is not much used. I not".

Asiti.; [d priv. ; alrog, food]. The want

offood. Also a loathing foi food.

Asmegmatia [ah-smeg-ma' -she-ah) ['/priv.; an,
an unguent]. 1 deficiency <>r lack of smegma.

Asomata \ah-so' -mat-ah) [a priv. ; aufia, body]. A
of omphalositic monster characterised by an
absence of the trunk. The head is never well-formed,
and the vessels run from it to the placenta in the
membranes. Beneath the head is a sac in which
rudiments of body organs may be found. This is the
rarest form of omphalosites. Also called Acardiacus
rmus.

Asomia me-ah). Si Acormus.

Aspalasoma (as-pal-as-o1 '-man) [dcjnWaf, mole; tsotfia,
body]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the
• elosoma, in which there is a lateral or median
eventration occupying principally the lower portion of
the abdomen, with the urinary apparatus, the genital
apparatus, and the rectum opening externally by three
distinct orifices.

Asparagin (as-par* -ag-in) [turn asparagus],

i ,11. N.i ell,1 • An alkaloid isomeric with malamid.
It is found in the seeds of many plants, in asparagus,
beet root, peas and beans. It forms shining, four-
sided, rhombic prisms, readily soluble in hot water,
but not in alcohol or ether. It is an amid of aspartic
acid, and forms compounds with both acids and
bases. It is diuretic and sedative to the circulation.
I lose gr. j-vj.

Asparagus (as-parf-ag us) [aanapayog, asparagus].
The green root of Asparagus officinalis, a mild
diureti' I I >e of lid. ext. JJss- j. Unof.

Aspartic Acid (as-par'-tik). See Acid.

Asper-artery (as/-per-ar/-ler-e) [ar/eria aspera, rough
artery] The trachea.

Aspergilliform / -per-jil' '-if-orm) [aspergere, to sprin-
kle; forma, shape]. In biology, shaped like the
brush u sprinkle holy water; a.-, tin- stigmas of

many 'j.r:\--

Aspergillus (as-per-jil1 '-u ';'''<', t'> scatter]. A

nominal genu- of fungi, probably containing only the
conidial form-* of Eurotium. A. auricularis, a fun-
gus found in the wax of the ear. A. fumigatus,
found in the- ear, ni lungs. A. glaucus, the

bluish mould found, . upon dried fruit. A.

mucoroides, a found in tuberculous or .

m<>u> lung ti-

Aspergillusmycosis {as-per-jil'-us-mi-ko'-sis).
O/i"

Asperifoliate mgh ; folium,

a leaf]. With leavers producing a sensation ol rough-
ness when handled.

Aspermatia (ah-sper-ma' -she-ah), [d priv.; airi
seed]. Aspermatism.

Aspermatic (ah-sper-ma/* -ii) [<i priv. ; o seed].

Affected with or relating to aspermatism.

Aspermatism [ah-sper/ -mat-izm) [a priv.; a-.
seed]. Non-emission of semen, whether owing (■>
non m or non ejaculation.

Aspermous (ah-sper1 '-mus) [<t priv.; oirippa, seed]
\\ ithout seed.

Aspersion (as-per/-zhun) [aspersit , to sprin-

kle]. Treatment ol diseasi b) sprinkling with a
medicinal agent, or by dropping a medicine slowly
upon tin' bodj or pari al

Asperula (as-per* -u-lah) [I..]. A genus of rubiaceous
plants, ot which the European woodruff [A. odorata)
i- an example. rhis plant is a fragrant arom;
rich in coumarin, and has diaphoretic and astringent
qualities. The Maitrank or Maiwein of the ' iermans
i.- flavored with this herb. I no!

Asphalt (as'-falf) [aa^akrov, bitumen]. Bitumen (</
Asphalt is now scarcely used in medicine, but a varnish
prepared with it is employed in making cells for use
in microscopy.

Asphyctic (as -fik'-lik), or Asphyctous (as-fikf-tu
priv.; not ii<. pulsation]. Affected with asphyxia

Asphyxia (a 1 ' ah) [a priv.; (nprfjgic, the pulse].
The effect upon the body of the non-oxygenation of
the blood; the suspension of vital phenomena when
the lungs are deprived of air. The excess ol i arbon
dioxid in the blood at first stimulates, then paralyzes
the respiratory center of the medulla. Artificial
piration is therefore required in cases of sudden as
phyxia. Asphyxia is characterized by extreme lividity
of the features, and prominence of the eyeballs, with
obstruction to respiration. It is the cause of death in
Suffocation, drowning, obstruction of the larynx, etc.
A. neonatorum, the inability of new-born infant- to
begin respiration spontaneously, or to continue it.

Asphyxiant (as-Jiks'-e-anf) [ooQvktoc, pulseless], i.
Producing asphyxia. 2. An agent capable of produc-
ing a-phyxia.

Asphyxiate (as-fiks* -e-at) \h priv. ; aoi^eir, to pulsate].
To produce or cause asphyxia; to suffocate, or to
nearly suffoi

Aspic (asf-pik) [a and spic, lavender spike] . The great
lavender, or spike lavender, Lavandula spica. Its oil
i> at present used in veterinary practice and occasionally
in liniment-. Unof.

Aspidium (as-pid* -e-uni) [L. : %en. Aspidit\. A genus
of ferns', known as shield ferns. There are man}
recognized species. The rhizome of Dryopteris filix
mas, and of D. marginalis or male fern. It- proper
ties are due to a resin containing filicic acid, it is valu
able chiefly a- a vermicide against tapeworm. Dose
3 ss—5ss. A., Oleoresina, an ethereal extract. I >ose
3ss-j. Ext., filicis Liq., (B. P.). Dose rT^xv-^j.

Aspidosamin (as-pid-os' '-am-in) [aairiq, a shield;
arreppa, a seed]. ( .11 ,.\,<'.. A basic principle,
from quebracho-bark. Emetic. Unof.

Aspidosperma (as-pid-o-sper'-mah) \aomq, a shield;
Gnepfia, seed]. The bark of Aspidosperma quebracho-
bianco. A., Ext., Fid., an alcoholic preparation.
Dose ,^j.

Aspidospermatin (oi pid-o- per' »/<// in) [a

shield ; antppa, seed], A basic substance, from que-
bracho bark, said to be isomeric with aspidosamin and
to di press the temperature whi n administered. I nol

Aspidospermin rf-mih) [iin-ic, shield;

• airepfia, seed], < .M(1\i' \n alkaloid extra
from Quebracho, q.v. (Aspidosperma quebracho). It
has the general effect- <t quebracho. I nof.

Aspirate [ad, to; spirare, to breathe].

An) consonant sound that is aspirated or pronounced
with a rough breathing. nits.

ASPIR \ i n i.\

143

AS! I IMA

Aspiration < as pir-a' -shun) [ad, to; pirare, to
breathe]. Used as a synonym ol inspiration, also ol
imbibition. The act of using the aspirator. A method
of withdrawing the fluids and from a wound, oi

gan or cavity. A. of Cataract Extraction.
Extraction of Cataract, Suction Method. A. Theory
(of Weber and Hasneri, the theory that accounts
for the transmission ol tears into the nose by -ii' tion
into the lachrymal sac through the rarefaction of the
air in the nose during inspiration.

Aspirator (as/-pir-a-tor) [ad, to; spirare, to breathe].
An instrument for withdrawing the contents of an
abscess, tumor, etc. , without the admission of air.

Asplenium [ah-sple/-ne-um) [d priv. ; 1-/1,1. spleen ; a
plant of this name was once thought to destroy the
spleen]. A genus of ferns called spleen-wort-, or
miltwastes. A. ceterach and A. filix-femina foi
merly had a great repute as medicines, but are now-
little used. Unof.

Asporogenic (ah-spor-o-jen'-ih) [d priv, ; oiropa, •
}M7/r, producing]. Not reproducing by means of
spores; not producing spores.

Assafetida [as-a-fet'-id-ah). See Asafetida.

Assalini's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Assault [as-awltf) [assalire, to assail]. An attack. A.,
Criminal, in medical jurisprudence, the touching or
attempting to touch, on the part of a male, any of
the sexual organs (the breasts included) of a female,
against her will, even though they be covered by
clothing.

Assibilation (as-ib-il-a'-shun) [assibilare, to whisper
to]. The utterance of sounds with a sibilant or hiss-
ing quality.

Assideration [as-id-er-a' -shun) [ad, intensive ; sidera-
tio, an evil influence]. In forensic medicine, infanti-
cide by immersing in ice-water.

Assimilable [as-imf -il-a-bt) [assimulare, to make like].
Capable of being assimilated ; nutrition-.

Assimilation [as-im-il-a'-shun) [assimulare, to make
like]. The process of transforming food into such a
nutrient condition that it is taken up by the circula-
tory system, to form an integral part of the economy;
synthetic or constructive metabolism ; anabolism. In
biology, the formation of carbohydrate from water and
carbon dioxid by the agency of chlorophvll. A.,
Mental, the mental reception of impressions and their
assignment by the consciousness to their proper place.
A., Primary, that concerned in the conversion of food
into chyle and blood. A., Secondary, that relating
to the formation of the organized tissues of the bod}-.

Associated uis-o'-se-a-ted) [associatus, united] . foined.
A. Antagonist. See Antagonist. A. Movements,
coincident or consensual movements of other muscles
than the leading one, and which by habit or unity of
purpose are involuntarily connected with its action.
Both eyeballs move alike in reading, though one !
blind eye. Movement of the normal arm will some-
times produce slight motion of the opposite paralyzed
arm. Uniformity of innervation is usually the cause
of these movements. A. Paralysis, a common para
lysis of associated muscles.

Assurgent {as-er'-jcnt\. See Ascending.

Assurin [asf-u-rin), C46H!MN2P209. A name given
by Thudichum to a complex substance occurring in
brain tissue, classed as a di-nitrogenized diphosphatid.

Astacolith (as-tak1 '-o-lith) [dora/coc, a lobster; I
a stone]. A concretion obtainable from the stomach
of a European craw-fish, Astacusfluviatilis,^x\A often
gathered from brook-. These are called Crabs' I
and Eye-stones, </. z\

Astasia (as-ta' -se-ah) [a priv. ; oraaig, standing].
Motor incoordination for standing. S ia. A.

Abasia, a symptom consisting in inability to stand
or walk in a normal manner.

Asteatodes (as-te-at-o/ -dlz) [a priv.; areap, tallow;
fodris, fullness]. Deficient in the secretion of the
sebai eous glands.

Asteatosis (as-te-al-o'-sis) [a priv. ; r- ,,,,, tallow ;
Atir/g, fullness], i. A deficiency or absence of the
sebaceous secretion. 2. Any .-kin disease (as
derma; characterized by scantiness or lack of the
sebaceous secretion. A. cutis, a condition of di
mini-lied sebaceous secretion, as the result of which
the skin becomes dry, scaly, and often fissured.

Aster [as'-ter) \a ter, a star]. I. An exi genus

of composite (lowered plants, mainly N. American.
A. cordifolius is a nervin and antispasmodic. A.
pumiceus is stimulant and diuretic. Unof. 2.
Karyok /other-star, D . Amphiaster, and

Cyta

Asterion (as-te' '-re-on 1 . See Craniometrical Points.

Asternal [ah-stet^-nal) [a priv. ; aripvoi; the bi
bone]. Not connected with the sternum. A. Ribs,
the live lower pair-, because not joined directly to the
num.

Asternia (ah-sler'-ne-ah) [a priv.; art niav, the breast-
bone]. Absence of the sternum.

Asteroid [as'-ter-oid) [acri/p, a star; eZcfoc, re-em
blance]. I. Shaped like a star. 2. In biology, with
radiate lobes.

Asthenia (as-the'-ne-ah, or as-then-i* -ah) [■ xfl

a priv.; adtvoc., strength]. General loss or absence
of strength ; adynamia.

Asthenic (as-then* -ik) [a priv.; aQkvoq, strength].
< lharacterized by asthenia.

Asthenometer [as-then-om' -et-er) [do want of

strength; fikrpov, a measure] . An instrument for de-
tecting and measuring asthenia; especially, a device
for measuring muscular asthenopia.

Asthenopia [as-then-o* '-pe-ah)[a priv. ; uQevoq, strength ;
wi/>, eye]. Weakness, speedy fatigue of the ocular
muscles or visual powers, due to errors of refraction,
insufficiency, over use, anemia, etc. A., Accommo-
dative, due to hyperopia, astigmatism, or a combina-
tion of the two, producing strain of the ciliary muscle.
A., Muscular, due to weakness, incoordination fhet-
erophoria), or strain of the external ocular must
A., Retinal, or Nervous, a rare variety, caused by
retinal hyperesthesia, anesthesia, or other abnormality,
or by general nervous affections.

Asthenopic [as-tken-op/ -ik) [a priv. ; aBivog, strength ;
c>ip, eye]. Characterized by asthenopia.

Asthma \az/-mah) [aodpa, panting]. Paroxysmal or
intermittent dyspnea, generally accompanied by cough,
bronchial secretion, and a feeling of constriction and
suffocation. The etiology is obscure, being ascribed
to heredity, nasal disease, gout, exhalations of plants
and atmospheric impuriti -. etc. It is undoubt-

edly a neurosis, the spasm of the muscular tissui
the bronchial tubes being due either to central or to
peripheral nervous irritation. The duration of a
paroxysm may be from two to six hour- to four or live
night-. When dependent upon disease of the heart.
the kidney-, stomach, thymus, etc.. it has I
designated, cardiac, renal, peptic, thymic, etc. A.
convulsivum. Synonym of Bronchial Asthma.
A. Crystals, acicular crystals contained in the
sputum of asthmatic patients. .A. dyspepticum,
is due to nervous reflexes through the vagus. A.,
Grinders'. Same as Fibroid Phthisis. A.. Hay. S
Hay Fever. A.. Heberden's. angina pectori-. A.,
Kopp's, spasm of the glottis. A., Marine.
Beriberi. A., Millar's. See /. tridulus.

A.. Miner's. See Anthracosis. A. nervosum

ASTHMATIC

144

A I A\ [SM

Synonym ol a. A., Thymic. Syn

onym '//us stridulus. A. uteri. Syn-

onym of Hysteria.
Asthmatic [az-maf '-ik) [ anting]. Relating to

or affected with asthma.
Astigmagraph [d priv.; arty/ta, a

point; j , to write]. An instrument for illustrat-

g the phenomena matism.

Astigmatic [a -tiq-maf-ik) [d priv. ; ariyfia, a point].

Pertaining to or affected with astigmatism.
Astigmatism '-mat-izm) [d priv t, a point,

light from a point an- neverbrought to
a point by the refractive media of the eye]. That
ndition of the eye wherein homocentric rays of light
not brought to a focus by tin- media. It is usually
due to inequality of curvature of the different merid-
ians of the cornea i corneal A. i. but may be caused by
imperfections of the lens (lenticular), unequal con-

V (

]v

V

I

i

i

f=

-h=

i

1

T

1 \

V

' v 1

Diagram Illustrating th-s Formation of Astigmatic

Images.
The figures below cjve the images corresponding to the posi-
tions of the perpendicular lines above. The vertical rays
brought to a focus anterior to the horizontal. V. = ver-
tical rays ; H =- horizontal

traction of the ciliary muscle, or may perhaps be clue
to retinal imperfection. It may be acquired or con-
genital, and may complicate hypermetropiaor myopia,
producing either simple hypermetropic A., in which
one principal meridian is emmetropic, the other hy] i i
metropic ; or compound hypermetropic A., in which
both meridians are hypermetropic, but one more so
than the other. Complicating myopia, we may in the
same way have simple myopic or compound myopic
A. In mixed A., one principal meridian is myopic,
the other hypermetropic. Regular A. is when the
two principal meridians are at right angles to each other.
Irregular A., when different parts <>f a meridian have
different refracting power-.

Astigmatometer [as-tig-mat-om/-et-er\ [a priv. ; arlyua,
a point : a measure]. An instrument for

measuring the degree of astigmatism.

Astigmometer A Hgmatom-

eter.

Astigmometry [as-tig mom* priv. ; ariyfia, a

point; measure]. The measurement of astig-

matism.

Astomous [ah-sto,-mus) [d priv. ; ard/xa, mouth]. In
biology, without a mouth or aperture.

Astragalectomy (as-trag-al-ek'-to-me) [aorpAyatot ,
astragalus; n]. Surgical excision of

the astragalus.

Astragaloscaphoid {as-trag-al-o-skaf'-oid) \

'far, astragalus; aiaupoeidfc, like a boat]. Relating to
the astragalus and the scaphoid bo

Astragalotibial (as-lrag-al-i il) [aarpAya'KoQ,

astragalus; tibia, the -bin bone ] . Relating to the
astragalus and the tibia.

Astragalus {as-trag ' al-u \ [aarpAyaXog, a dice ; the ana-
logous bones of the sheep were used by the ancients
as dice ]. I he ankle bone, upon which the tibia rests.
Mso, a genus of leguminous plants from some varieties
ot which gum tragacanth is derived. A. mollissi-
mus, Loco Plant. The active principle of this plant
has mydriatic properties. Unof.

Astrapaphobia [as-trap-af-o' -be-ah) [aorpairf, light-
ning; oAfSog, fear]. Morbid and unreasonable fear
of lightning.

Astraphobia [as-trah-fo'-be-aK). See Astrapaphobia .

Astriction {as-trik' -shun) [astri, ti : ad, to ; stringere, to
bind ]. < lonstipation or any condition resulting from the
use of astringer)

Astringency {as-trin'-jen-se) [ad, to; stringere, to bind].
The quality of being astringent.

Astringent \as-trin' -jent) [ad, to; stringere, to bind].
i. Causing contraction; binding. 2. An agent pro
ducing contraction of organic tissues, or that arrests
hemorrhages, diarrheas, etc. Tannin, alum, opium,
alcohol, the salts of silver, lead, etc., are examples.

Astrokinetic {as-tro-kin-ef -ik) [aorpov, a star; kive'iv,
to move]. In biology, applied by Ryder tothepheno
mena of motion as exhibited by the centrosomes of
cells.

Astrostatic [as-tro-staf '-ik) [harpov, a star; iaraadai, to
stand]. In biology, applied by Ryder to the resting
condition of the centrosomes of cells.

Asylum [as-if-lum) [asylum, a place of refuge]. An
institution for the support, safe-keeping, cure, or edu-
cation of those incapable of caring for themselves, such
as the insane, the blind, etc. A. Ear. See Hematoma
auris, and Ear Deformities.

Asymbolia [ah-si?n-bof -le-ah\ [a priv. ; ai)fifio7xiv, sym-
bol]. The loss of all power of communication, even
by signs or symbols.

Asymmetry (ah-sim'-et-re) [a priv. ; pia, sym-

metry]. 1. Unlikeness of corresponding organs or
parts of opposite sides of the body that are normally
of the same size, etc., as e.g., asymmetry of the two
halves of the skull or brain. 2. The linking of carbon
atoms to four different groups; the combination of
carbon atoms with different atoms or atomic groups.

Asynergia (ah-sin-er* '-je-ak) [d priv.; truvepyia, co-
operation], faulty coordination of the different or-
gan- ormuscles normally acting in unison.

Asynesia (as-in-e' '-ze-ah) [aavveaia, stupidity]. Stupid-
ity ; loss or disorder of mental power.

Asynodia {ali-sin-o'-dc-ah) [it priv. ; owod a, a travel-
ling together]. Impotence.

Asystematic lah-sis-lem-at' '-ik) [a priv. ; aixTrrj/ia,
system]. Diffuse ; not restricted to any one or several
systems of nerve libers ; applied to nervous diseases
that are general.

Asystole {a'i-sis'-t<>-[,) [d priv ; ovardM), a shortening].
Absence or imperfection of the cardial systole, due
to feebleness, dilatation, et< .. of the heart.

Asystolic [ah-sis-toV -ik) [it priv ; nrnrn'/i/, a shorten
rag]. Marked by, due to, or suffering from asystole.

Asystolism {ah-sis,-tol-izm) [a priv. ; ovoTOAf/, a sin, Men
ing]. Inability of the ri^ht ventricle oi the hear! to
empty itself of its contents, a condition encountered in
the lasl stages of mitral incompetence. See Asystole.

Asystoly {ah-sis* -to-le) . Same a- ./ vstolf.

Atactic [at-ak'-tic) [aranToq, irregular]. Irregular,
incoordinate. Pertaining to muscular incoordination,
lly in aphasia. Also applied to il fevers

Atavic {at-a ' tvu , a forefather]. Relating to

or characterized by atavism.

Atavism {at'-av-izm) [atavus, a forefather]. There-
appearance of an anomaly, physical, menial, or patho-
logic, in an individual whose more or less remote

A 1 AVISTIC

1 15

A I HER( iMAMA

progenitors were similarly affected, but in wl
immediate ancestors it had not been shown.

Atavistic \at-av-isr -tik) . Same as Atavic.

Ataxaphasia i at-ak ah). See Aphasia.

Ataxia [at-aks' -e-ah) [draf/a, warn of order]. The
word means primarily irregularity or want of order,
but it is i n < >— t commonly used to express incodrdination
of muscular action ; an < cess or defii ieni y in contrai
don of the various muscles concerned in a given action.
Both static and locomotor ataxia arc prominent ~\ 1 1 1 ] ■
toms of tabes or disease "I the posterior columns of the
cord, but it is absurd to speak of ataxia as it it were a
disease itself, instead ol being only one of many symp-
toms of many*diseases. A., Briquet's, a hysterical
state marked by loss of sensation in the skin and in
the leg muscles. A. cordis. Sec /> lirium cordis.
A of Drunkards, ^ee Polyneuritis potatorum. A.,
Family. See ./., Hereditary. A., Hereditary,
Friedreich's ataxia, a family disease of children
and the young. See Friedreich's Disease. A.,
Locomotor, the failure of muscular coordination as
regards movements, and especially in walking. A.,
Motor, inability to coordinate the muscles in walking.
A., Signs of. I. Romberg (or Brack- Romberg sit
swaying of the body with closed eyes. 2. Signe de
cloche-pied; standing on one leg with open eyes, and
with closed eyes. The ataxic finds difficulty in
standing upon one foot while the other is raised
from the ground, particularly when the eyes are
closed. 3. Sign of crossing the legs; in crossing the
legs a normal person raises the one leg to the level
of the other knee and deposits the former upon the
latter. The ataxic raises the one leg a considerable
distance above the other knee, and in depositing
the former upon the latter makes the arc of a large
circle. 4. Sign "de Vescalier ;" sign of descending
stairs: difficulty in descending stairs experienced by
the ataxic. 5. Marching at command; a. inarch!
/'. halt! c. about face! a. When an ataxic that has
been seated is told to walk, he manifests uncertainty
or hesitation in his effort, first on rising, to gain his
equilibrium. b. The marching ataxic finds great
difficulty and is likely not to succeed in halting with
precision \vhen commanded to do so. c. The ataxic
patient cannot turn about face with the same promptitude
and the same certainty as the normal individual. 6.
WestphaVs sign: abolition of the knee-jerk. A.,
Static, the failure of muscular coordination in standing
still, or in fixed positions of the limbs. A., Thermal,
peculiar large and irregular fluctuations of the body
temperature, due to a condition of incoordination, or
a disordered or weakened thermotaxic mechanism.
This may give rise to the so-called parado vie or
hysterical temperatures, rising occasionally to 10S0 or
no0 F., without grave or permanent injury.

Ataxiagram {at-aks' -e-a-gram) [ara^'ta, want of order;
ypdftfta. a marking] . A line drawn by a patient suffer-
ing with an ataxial disease. The patient's eyes are-
open or closed and he attempts to make a straight line.
The character of the deviations from a straight line
that result are conceived to have a certain diagnostic
value.

Ataxiamnesia [at-aks-e-am-ne'-ze-ah) [dra£«2, want of
order; a/ivqaia, forgetfulness]. Muscular ataxia with
loss of or impairment of memory.

Ataxic (at-aks'-ik\ [draf/a, want of order]. 1. Per-
taining to or affected with ataxia. 2. A person affected
withataxia. A. Aphasia. Sei / tsia. A. Fever.
Synomyn of Typhus Fever, q. v.

Ataxophemia [at-aks-o-fe1 '-me-ah) [draf/a, want of
order; or/ai, to speak]. Lack of coordination in
speech.
IO

Ataxy [at-aks'

Atelectasis (at-el-ek*

expansion]. l'nlmftn,gry c,oli the

air |p i-nti-r die K£sicles. Ij_m:u Lc cither acqu

or fetal. I he condition is due not
ti the Lungs, but to nerve injuries, weak]
Lu fuai caaca the lixag ha- never ! tted,

whilsjjn apneumatosis it has been inflated.

Atelectatic [at-el-ek-taf '-ik) \artMiq, imperfect

expansion]. Relating to or characterized by atelec-
tasis.

Ateleocephalous [at-el-e-o-sef'-al-u |[dr< Tajg, imperfect;
//,, head]. Having the skull or head more or
less incompli

Atelia [at-el-i' '-ak) [arsXeia, imperfection]. A terato-
ic term for imperfection or failure of development
of some part of the fetus. The word 1- compounded
with others to designate the member wanting,
atelocardia, etc., expressing such a defect of the
heart, etc.

Atelocardia [at-el-o-kar* \aTe7Jjc, imperfect;

KaptYia, heart]. An imperfect or undeveloped state of
the heart ; cardiatelia.

Atelocheilia (at-el-o-ki' -le-ah) \_are'/j/r. imperfect ;
I /or, lip]. Defective development of a lip.

Atelochiria [at-el-o-ki' '-re-alt) \_11n '//,<-, imperfect ;
hand]. Deficiency in the development of the hand.

Ateloencephalia [at-el-o-en-sef-a' -le-ah) [ icom-

plete; eyiuQatov, brain]. Incomplete development
of the brain.

Ateloglossia [at-el-i ' -alt) [art///-, imperfect;

rcra, tongue]. Congenital defect in the tongue.

Atelognathia [at-el-og-na' '-tke-ak) [dreAjyc, imperfect ;
] vaffog, jaw]. Imperfect development of a jaw, espec-
ially of the lower jaw.

Atelomyelia [at-el-o-mi-er -le-ah) [dreXiyc, imperl

' . marrow] Congenital defect or incomplete-

ness of the spinal cord

Atelopodia [at-el-o-po' '-de-ak) \_ari'/i,r, imperfect; -
]. Defective development of the foot.

Ateloprosopia (at-el-o-pro-so1 '-pe-alt) [arc/./'/c, incom-
plete; 7rp6ouTrov, face]. Incomplete facial develop-
ment.

Atelorrhachidia [at-el-o-rak-id'-e-ak) [areXJ/c, imper-
fect ; /"'t':, spine]. Imperfect development of I
spinal column, as in spina bifida.

Atelostomia [at-el-o-sto* '-me-ah) [arrtf/r, incomplete;
r-<,na, mouth]. Incomplete development of the
mouth.

Athalamous [ah-thaP -am-us) [dpriv.; Oa'/auoc, abed]
Absence of the optic thalamus. In biology, without
apothecia, as certain lichens.

Athalline [ak-thal'-in) [d priv. ; Ha'/ '/6c, a frond]. In
biology, destitute of a thallus.

Athelasmus [ah-thel-az* '-mus) [d priv. ; Hrj/ am/or, a
sickling] Inability to give suck, from defect or want
of the nipples.

Athelia {ah-ther -le-ak) [d priv.; fhj)J), a nipple"1. Ab
sence of the nipple.

Athermasia [ak-tker-ma' '-ze-ah) [d priv. , Hepuaoia,
heat]. Lack or deficiency of heat.

Atheroma [atk-er-o' '-mak) \bBfjpii, gruel ; bua, tumor].
Primarily, a soft encysted tumor; more commonly, the
fatty degeneration of the walls of the arteries in con-
sequence of chronic arteritis, and called atheromatous
defeneration. Atheromatous abscess, resulting from
chronic arteritis, is a collection of soft matter beneath
the intima. while an atheromatous ulcer is formed by
the abscess breaking through the intima.

Atheromasia [ath-er-o-ma' -ze-ah) [uffijpufia, an athero-
matous tumor]. Atheromatous degeneration ; the
condition of atheroma.

ATHERt iMATOl S

in;

ATRACTY1 IS

Atheromatous ath-er-o' mal-u • [dfl . an athero

matous tumor]. Characterized b) or affected with

atheroma.

Atherosperma {ath-er-o-sper' -mah) [_""'<"• beard;
IT. \ genus of trees. A. moschatum,
Australian sassafras, a diaphoretic and diuretic some
times used in pulmonary affections and asthma. Dose
of the tincture. 3ss— j. Unof.

Athetoid . unfixed]. Pertainin

or affected with athetosis. A. Spasm, a symptom of
hemiplegia and some cerebral lesio

Athetosis {ath-et-o' -sis) [afhjros, unfixed ; changeable].
A symptom most frequently occurring in children, and
characterized by continual change oi position of the
fingers and toes, and inability to keep them still, save in
sleep. It is due to some lesion or derangement of
the brain or cord. It is also railed " post-hemiplegic
chorea,'" from its occurrence alter hemiplegia, in
adult>. A., Double Congenital. See Farapl
I n ''ant; : also Double Atheto

Athlete v, to contend with]. Robust;

vigorous. A.'s Heart, incompetency of the aortic
. a condition frequently found in athletes.

Athletics {ath-lef '-iks) [oBaeIv, to contend]. The art
of physical exercise for development or for health.

Athrepsia {ah-tht ih) [d priv : rpkfyeiv, to nourish] .

The symptom-complex resulting from imperfect nutri-
tion in children.

Athroisemia {ath-roi-se/ -me-ah ■ [adpoto/ia, accumula-
tion ; aiiia, blood]. Congestion or accumulation of
blood.

Athymia [ah-thi' -m'e-ali) [o priv. ; Hi nor, mind], i.
Despondency. 2. Loss of consciousness. 3. Insanity.

Athymic {ah-lhir -mik) \_" priv. ; dvfioc, mind]. All:
with athymia.

Atlantad {at-lan' -tad) ["ArAac, a Greek hero] . Toward
tin- atlas in situation or direction.

Atlantal [at-ldn' '-tal) ['ArP-ac, a Greek hero]. Relating
to the atlas.

Atlanten {at-lanf -ten) [' \r'/ ar, a Greek hero]. Belong
ing to the atlas in itself.

Atlanti-obliquus {at-lan' '-ti-ob-li' '-kwus) [I-]- ' '' '
obliquus capitis superior muscle.

Atlanti-rectus {at-lanf -ti-rek' -tus) [L.]. The muscle
called rectus capitis posticus minor.

Atlanto- {at-lan'-to) ["ArAac , a Greek hero]. A prefix
signifying relation to the atlas; seen in the won!,
anto-axial, (relating to the atlas and the axis) Atlan-
cipital, Atlanto-odotitoid , etc.

Atlas i at' -las) [ar/ar, able]. The uppermost of the
cervical vertebra;. It articulates with the occipital bone
the skull. A. Silk. See Silk.

Atlee's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Atlodidymus {at-lo-did? -im-us). Same as Atlodymus.

Atlodymus [at-lod' '-im-us) [ur'/nr, able; Sidx
double]. A monosomic dual monstrosity; with two
heads and a single body.

Atloido- ' Of, able]. In composition, the

same as atlanto; seen in such example-, as atloido-
id, atloido-Oi . etc.

Atmiatry {at-mi' -at-re) \jiTu\c, vapor ; larpeia, medical
treatment]. Treatment of diseases of the lungs or
mucous membrane-, by inhalation, fumigation, or by
directing a current of vapor or gas upon the part.

Atmid-albumose {at-mid-al' '-bu-mos) [<>'"", vapor;
albumen]. Neumeister's term for the albumose formed
by the action of superheated steam.

Atmidometer {at-mid-om' '-et-er) . See Atmometer.

Atmidoscope \<it-midf-o-skop) \Jirinr, vapor; itkoti
to view]. See Atmomett >.

Atmograph {at* -mo-graf\ [amor, breath iv, to

record]. A form of self-registering respirometer.

Atmometer, or Atmidometer [at- mom' '-et-er ; at-mid-
om' -et-er) [arfiig, vapoi ; uirpov, a measure]. An in-
strument to measure the amount of water exhaled
from a given surface in a given time, in order to d.
mini- the humiditj of the atmosphere.

Atmosphere {at'-mos-fer) [ar/idg, vapor; ofaipa, a
sphere]. The mixture of gases, vapoi oi water, and
other suspended matters, surrounding the earth, as an
elastic fluid envelop, to tin height of about 200
mih-.

Atmospheric {at-mos-fer' '-ik) [dr/«jc, vapor; oiftaipa, a
sphere]. Pertaining to the atmosphere. A. Moisture.
the vapor of water mingled with the atmosphere. It
varies in quantity according to tin' temperature. A.
Pressure Cavity, a cavity formed on the palatine sur
face of a sel of artificial teeth to retain them in the
mouth. A. Tension, the pressure of the air pel
square inch on the surface of a body. Normally, at
the sea level it i- about 14.7 lbs. per square inch, or
ual to that of a column of mercury about 30 in. in
height. It decreases about /„ in., or fo ft), per square
inch for every 90 feet of altitude. Above 10,000 feet,
the rarity of the atmosphere is usually noticeable in
quickened breathing and pulse rate.

Atocia {at-o'-se-ak) [aroKog, barren]. Sterility of the
female.

Atom (at'-uw) [a priv.; ri/iveiv, to cut]. The ulti-
mate unit of an element ; that part of a substance
incapable of further division, or the smallest part
capable of entering a chemical compound, or uniting
with another to form a Molecule — which last i- the
smallest quantity of a substance that can exist free or
uncombined. See Elements, Tab,

Atomic {at-om'-ik) [a priv.; ripveiv, to cut]. Of or
pertaining to atoms. A. Heat of an atom is its
specific heat multiplied by its atomic weight. A.
Theory, the theory of Dalton, that all matter is com-
posed of atoms, the weight of each atom differing for
the different substances. A. Valence, Equivalence,
or the Atomicity of an element, is the saturating
power of its atom as compared with that of hydrogen.
A. Weight, the weight of an atom of an element as
compared with the weight of an atom of hydrogen.

Atomicity (at-om-is' -it-e) [d priv. ; rijiviiv, to cut].
< hemical valence; quanti valence.

Atomization {at-om iz a'-shun) [d priv. ; rifiveiv, to
cut]. The mechanical process of breaking up a liquid
into line spray.

Atomizer (,//' om-i-zer) [a priv. ; rifivziv, to cut]. An
instrument for transforming a liquid into a spray or
mist.

Atonia {at-o' '-ne-ah) [arovia, want of tone]. Atony.

Atonic {at-on'-ik) [arovia, want of tone]. Relating to.
1 if characterized by, atony.

Atony {at'-o-ne) [d priv.; r6vag, tone]. Want of •
Debility. Loss or diminution of muscular or vital

' 1 " '''•'}' •

Atopomenorrhea {at-o-po-men-or-e' '-ah) [aroirog, out oi
place; ur/v, month; pkeiv, to flow], vicarious men
struation.

Atoxic 1 '//(') [d priv.; ro ik6v, poison]. Not

venomous ; not poisonous.

Atrabiliary {at-rah-bil' -e-a-re) [ater, black ; bilis, bile"].
An obsolescent term relating to melancholj and hypo
chondriasis; also referring to the renal and supra renal
glands, once believed to produce black bile, or atra
bilis, the cause of the gloomy disposition. A.,
Capsules, an old name lor tin- supra renal capsules.

Atractylis {at-rak' '-til-is) [arpaicrvXigl. A genus of
composite-flowered plants, nearly related to the saf-
llower {Carthamus). A. gummifera, of the Mediti 1
ranean region, affords acanthomastic . A. lancea, of

ATRAMEN 1 A I ,

1 Vt

A I RUPIIODKKMA

( hina and Japan, is stomachic and tonic. A. ovata,
of the same regions, is tonic, diuretic, sudorific, and
stimulant.

Atramental [at ram-en'-tal | [atramentum, ink], < >l an
inky bla( k color.

Atremia [ah-tre' '-me-ah) \_<i priv. ; rpi/ieiv, to tremble].
i. An absence of tremor. 2. An hysterical condition
in which there is an imaginary inability to walk, stand,

sit, or read.

Atreselytria [at-res-el-i' -tre-ah) . See Atretelytria.

Atresenteria [at rei en te'-re-ah). See Atretenteria.

Atresia [ah-tre' '-ze-ah) [a priv.; rprjatq, perforation],
[mperf oration, either congenital or acquired, of a
mal opening or canal, as oi the anus, vagina, meatus
auditorius, pupil, etc. The word is often compounded
with the name of the organ affected ; <•. ;'. , atrcstocystia,
atretenteria, etc., denoting, respectively, imperforal
of the bladder, intestine, etc.

Atresic [ah-tre' -zik) [<i, priv. ; rpfjaig, perforation].
Marked by atresia or imperforation. See Teratism.

Atresoblepharea [at-res-o-blef-a' '-re-ah) . See tlreto-
pharea.

Atresocysia [at-res-o-sis'-e-ah\- See Atreto.ysia.

Atresocystia [at-res-o-sis'-te-ah). See Atretocystia.

Atresogastria [at-res-o-gas' '-(re-ah). .See Atretogastria.

Atresometria [at-res-o-me'-tre-ah). See Atretometria.

Atresopia [ah-tres-o1 '-pe-ah). See Atretopsia.

Atretelytria [at-ret-el-i' '-tre-ah) [arpr/Toc, imperforate;
:'/iT,,)i\ sheath]. Atresia of the vagina.

Atretenteria [at-ret-en-te/ -re-ah) [arpriroc, imperforate;
hvrepov, intestine]. Atresia, or imperforation of the
intestinal canal.

Atreto- [at-ref-o). As a prefix, represents the Gr.
orpr/roc, imperforated.

Atretoblepharia [at-ret-o-blef-a' -re-ah) [hrp//Toc, imper-
forate ; fl/J<papm' , Yu\~\ . Symblepharon, q. v.

Atretocysia [al-ret-o-sis' '-e-ah) [arperor, imperforate;
KV<j6q, anus]. Atresia of the anus.

Atretocystia [at-ret-o-sis' -te-ah) [drperoc, imperforate ;
Ki'/rrir, bladder]. Atresia of the bladder.

Atretometria [at-ret-o-mef -tre-ah) [arperor, imperforate ;
(iTjTpa, womb]. Atresia of the uterus.

Atretopsia [at-ret-op1 '-se-ah) [arpr/rog, imperforate ; u>tp,
eye]. Imperforation of the pupil.

Atrial [a'-tre-al) [atrium, the fore-court, or hall]. Re-
lating to an atrium.

Atrichia [ak-trik'-e-ah) [a priv. ; Opi^, hair]. Loss or
absence of the hair.

Atrichosis [ah-trik-o' '-sii ) [arpexog, hairless] . Failure of
the hair to grow ; a condition characterized by absence
of hair.

Atrioventricular [a-tre-o-ven-trik1 '-u-lar) [atrium, the
hall ; ventriculus, ventricle]. Relating both to the
atrium (or auricle) and to the ventricle of the heart.

Atrium [a'-tre-um) [atrium, the fore-court, or hall]. I.
That part of the auricle of the heart into which the
venous blood is poured. 2. The principal part of the
tympanic cavity of the ear, exclusive of the attic. A.
cordis, the auricle of the heart. A. vaginae, the
vestibule of the vulva.

Atrocha [ah-tr</-kah) [a priv. ; rpox^i . a wheel]. In
biology, wheelless, as certain annelid embryos, roti-
fers, etc. ; destitute of cilia.

Atrolactinic Acid [at-ro-lak-Hn'-ik). See Acid.

Atropa [af '-ro-pah) [At/to -of, " she who turns not."
undeviating ; one of the three Fates, who cut the tin
of life, in allusion to the poisonous effects of the plant].
A genus of the natural order Solanacea". A. bella-
donna, the deadly nightshade, whence i- obtained
atropin. See Belladonna.

Atropal, or Atropous [af-ro-pal: af-ro-pus). See
Orthotropous.

Atrophia [at i) [a priv.; -••../. nourishment],

Atrophy, ■ . \ term applied t" a condition marl
by wasting or innutrition. A. cordis, atrophy of
the heart, following senile changes, or occurring in
ne< tie conditions, or a- a r< suit ol pressure ex< rted
by mediastinal tumors, etc. A. cutis, Atrophodern
a term applied to various changes in tie skin charac-
terized by tie- diminution or disappearance of certain
oi it- elements, especiall) seen in advanced
The -kin becomes thin, loose, wrinkled, and discolored.
A. cutis senilis, Senile Atrophoderma; an atrophy
of the >kin usually associated with general sign
senile degeneration. The « hole skin may !»• affei led,
together with its appendages and I utaneous

tissues. The skin is in folds, -lightly shrunken,
wrinkled, and dry. It feels thin, and is transpan m
1 -hining. Pruritus i- sometimes present, and there
1- usually an increased pigmentation, with warty de-
velopments. A. infantum. Synonym oi Tabesmesen-
terica. A. mesenterica. Synonym of Tabes m
/(■rial. A. pilorum propria, atrophy of the hair,
either symptomatic "i" of idiopathic origin. It may
be local or generalized. The hair becomes lusti rless,
brittle, fibrillated, readily cleft, and readily fractured.
A. unguis, atrophy of the nail-; marked by pitting,
brittleness, furrowing, thinning, crumbling, etc. It
may be symptomatic of such disorders as lepra and
syphilis, or it may be idiopathic.

Atrophic [at-ro'-fik) [« priv.; rpotyij, nourishment].
Pertaining to, affected with, due t". characterized by,
or causing atrophy. A. Catarrh, a chronic form of
rhinitis in children characterized by marked atrophy
and anemia of the pituitary membrane, with the for-
mation of crusts in the nasal and naso-pharyngeal
cavities anda peculiar and offensive odor. A. Forms,
the name suggestedby His for those malformations
that are characterized by want of general development,
and. in some instances, by subsequent atrophy,
whereby all resemblance to the human embryo i- lost.

Atrophicum melanosis progressiva [at-ro' -fik-um
mel-an-o'-sis pro-gres'-iv-ah). See Atrophoderma.

Atrophied [at'-ro-Jid) [a priv.; Tpoyq, nourishment].
Wasted ; affected with atrophy.

Atrophoderma [at-ro-fo-der* '-mah) [a priv.; -
nourishment ; the skin]. Atrophia cutis,

atrophy of the skin, a wasting of the skin due to in-
nutrition. See Atrophia cutis. A. albidum, a type
of xeroderma in which the skin from the middle of the
thigh to the sole, more rarely from the upper arm to
the palm, i- in places very white, stretched, and diffi-
cult to pick up, with the epidermis extremely thinned,
faintly glistening, wrinkled, and peeling off in thin,
shining flakes. There is extreme sensibility on the
finger tips, palm-, and -. les. The condition remains
stationary from the earliest childhood. A. neuri-
ticum. Glossy Skin; an atrophy of the skin in the
area of a nerve affected by disease or injury. It
chiefly attacks the extremities. The skin of the
ected part becomes very dry, smooth, and glossy,
like a thin sear; the fingers are tapering, hairless, and
almost void of wrinkles and of a pink or deep-red
color. A severe and persistent burning pain precedes
and accompanies this condition. The nails become
curved both longitudinally and transversely, and there
i- some thickening of the cutis beneath the free end.
A. pigmentosum. See Xeroderma pigmentosum.
A., Senile. See t utis senilis. A. striatum

et maculatum, an atrophic condition of the -kin of
adults characterized by streak- of a pearly or bluish-
white color, glistening, -ear like, from one inch to
several inches long and a quarter of an inch or more
wide, and which follow the natural cleavage of the

A I ROPHY

l 18

\ I II XI ATING

skin, and arc situated chiefly about the buttocks,
border of the ilium, trochanters, and thighs.
The ■• spots " are less common, small, usually isolated,
and are seen mostly on the trunk and neck.
Atrophy want ol nourishment], A

-m\ e i hange in parts originally well formed and
well-nourished, consisting in loss of weight, size, and
function of an 01 tissue, owing to some disorder

of nutrition, disu e. continuous | i dimin

ished blood-suppl) to the part. A., Active, due to
the inherent inability of the cells of a tissue to assimi
late the nutriment brought to them A., Acute
Yellow. S gravis. A., Brown, a form

of atrophy in which the normal pigment of the organ
i> retained, and in which there is also frequently the
addition of new pigment from the Mood and disinte-

ited albuminates. It occurs most frequently in the
heart, muscles, and liver, and is caused by chri
congestion; also called Pigmented Atrophy. A. of
the Bulb, progressive shrinking of the eyeball. A.,
Correlated, an atrophy of certain portions of the
body following the removal or destruction of other
portion-.. ["hus amputation of an arm will be fol-
lowed by an atrophy of the scapula; of a leg, of
the corresponding os innominatum, together with
a diminution in the size of the heart and large
blood-vessels. A., Cruveilhier's. See Disea
Table of. A., Gray, a degenerative change in the
optic disc in which the latter assumes a grayish color.
A. of Hair, a wasting or deficient growth of the
hair. A., Idiopathic Muscular, primary muscular
dystrophy ; muscular wasting, with or without an
initial hypertrophy, beginning in various groups of
muscles, usually , ive in character, and depend

ent on primary changes in the muscles themselves.
There i- a strong hereditary predisposition to the dis-
ease. A., Muscular, affects the muscles and may be
hereditary or acquired, idiopathic, myelopathic, myo
pathic, neuropathic, primary, secondary, simple, or
progressive. A., Passive, caused by diminished
nutrition supplied to the part. A., Pigmentary, so
called from a deposit of pigment (yellow or yellowish-
bmwn i in the atrophied fat-cells. A., Pigmented.
A., Brown. A., Progressive Muscular;
Chronic Anterior Poliomyelitis; Wasting Palsy. A
chronic disease characterized by progressive wasting
of individual muscles or physiologic groups of mus-
cle-,, and by an associated and proportional amount
of paralysis. It is due to a degeneration and atrophy
of the multipolar cells in the anterior gray matter of
th cord, with consecutive degeneration of the anterior
nerve-roots and muscles. The right hand is usually
the part first attacked, and it takes on a peculiar claw-
like form (main en griffe). The disease is most fre-
quent in males of adult life, and follows excessive
muscular exertion. A., Progressive Unilateral
Facial, a disease < harai t( i ized by progressive wasting
of the skin, connective tissue, fat, bone, and more
rarely the musi les ol one side of the face. It is most

union in females; its Course is slow and generally
progressive. Opinions vary as to whether the <li 51
is central or peripheral in origin. A., Red, a form
of cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic congestion, as
seen in mitral and tricuspid valvular lesions. It is also
seen in emphysema and chronic pleurisy with contrac
tion. The cut surface of the li\' 1 presents a nutmeg
appearance, and is therefore called the nutmeg liver.
A., Serous, that characterized by a transudation of
serum into the tissue after the fat has gone, giving
it a gelatinous appearance. A. Senile, the physio
logical variety of Simple Atrophy. A., Simple, the
retrogressive pro and shrinking due to patho

logic causes, allied to the physiologic retrogression of
senility, but occurring, as it were, prematurely. A.
of the Teeth, a name formerly used to designate

erosion of the teeth, an affection characterized either

by perforations in, 01 discolored sp,,is of a shriveled,

yellowish, or brownish aspect, on the enamel, of two,
four, or more teeth in each jaw. A., Trophoneuro-
tic, that dependent upon abnormality of the nervous
supply or control ol an organ or tissue, best illustrated
in muscular atroph) from injury of the proper nerves
of the muscle, or in disease oi the anterior horns of

L;ray matter of the cord.

Atropina, or Atropin {,//■>;> -pi'-nah; at'-ro-pin) [ \ -.,<•■
. one of the bates who cut the thread of "life:
., Atropina'], < l7l l,.\'< >... A crystalline alka-
loid derived from Atropa belladonna. The sulphat
is a white powder of bitter taste, neutral reaction,
soluble in water. Homatropin. ClflH21NOa, is a de-
rivative alkaloid, the hydrobromate being used by
ophthalmologists as a mydriatic, principally because
its effects pass off more quickly than those oi atropin.
Homatropin slows the heart, atropin quickens it.
Atropin is an irritant narcotic, a mydriatic, antispas
modic, and anodyne; in small doses a cardiac, respira-
tory, and spinal stimulant, in large doses a paralyzant
of the cardiac and respiratory centers, the spinal cord,
motor nerves, and voluntary muscles. It produces
congestion and dryness of the mucous membrane of
the mouth, nose, pharynx, and larynx, at fust lessen-
ing the gastric and intestinal secretion, to be followed
by an increase of the same. It is extensively used
in ophthalmic practice to dilate the pupil, paralyze
accommodation, and also in various corneal, iritic, and
other ocular diseases. Its therapeutic use in general
medicine is aUo manifold; e.g., in inflammatory
affections and the pain of cerebral and spinal hypere-
mia, atonic constipation, cardiac failure, hypersecri
tions, etc., and as a physiologic antagonist in opium
poisoning. Dose of atropin sulphate gr. yjry — iAr.
Injectio Homatropina Hypodermica, 1 in 1 20.
I lose gr. rIlT- L, A. -catarrh. See Conjunctivitis,
Atropin. A. -conjunctivitis. See Conjunctivitis.

Atropinism (<//' ro-pin izm). See Alropism.

Atropinize [atr -ro-pin-tz) [*Ar/w7roc]. To bring under
the influence of, or treat with atropin.

Atropism [at1 -ro-pizm) {' \Ti}il-nl/j. Poisoning with,
or the morbid condition induced by, atropin.

Attachement (at-tash/-mon(g\ ) [Fr.]. In massage,
concentric curves eccentric; starting from a point
taken as a center, one describes, by circular move
ments, circumferences wider and wider till the outside
of the pail is reached ; return is then made by circles
smaller and smaller till the starting point is reached.

Attack [at-tak') [IT., attai/ue"]. The onset ol a seizure
or of a disease

Attar (at'-ar) [Pers., atar"]. A general name for any of
the volatile oils. A. of Rose, Oil of Rose. The vol
atile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of the Damas-
cene rose, ft comes mainly from P. Roumelia and
is generally adulterated with other volatile oils. It

is used only as a perfume.

Attendant (at-ten'-dant 1 [attendere, to attend]. A non-
professional attache of an asylum or hospital, espe
1 tally of an insane asylum.

Attention [at-ten'-shun) \attentio, a giving heed to].
The direction of the will or thought upon an objei 1 "i
to a particular sensation . A. Time. See / me.

Attenuant {at-ten' u ant) [afenuare, to male thin]. A
medii ine "i agent increasing the fluidity or thinness ..1
the blood or other secretion.

Attenuating [at-ten' '-u-a-ting) [attenuai i», to make thin].
Makingthin A. Medium. See Fractional Cultivation.

ATTENI \ I 1 1 >\

1 I!)

A I RA

Attenuation [at-ten-u-a* shun \\attenuare, to make thin],
A thinning, narrowing, or reduction of the strength
or size of a substance. A. of Microbes, weakening
pathogenic virulence of microbes bj su cul

tares and other methods, so that the) may be used as a
vaccine to confer immunity from future attacks ol the
disease. A., Sanderson's Method of, by passing
the virus through the system oi anothei animal i

the guinea pig, in anthrax |, so thai il bi i is modified

in virulency. Toussaint and ( hauveau have shown
that heat is a valuable means of attenuation ; oxygen,
chemical reagents, exposure to sunlight, etc, , have also
been used.

Atterminal [at-er'-min-al). See Adterminal.

Attic {af-ik) [Allicus, Attic]. Part of the tym]
cavity situated above the atrium. A. Disease, chronic
suppurative inflammation oi the attic of the tympanum.

Attitude i,/-'-. -tud ) [aptitudo, aptitude]. See Posture.
A., Crucifixion, in hystero-epilepsy, a rigid state of
the body, the arm-- stretched out at right angles. A.,
Frozen, a peculiar stiffness of the gait characteristic
of disease of the spinal cord, especially of amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis. A., Passionate, the assumption
of a dramatic or theatrical expression, a position
assumed by some hysterical patients.

Attollens [at-oV-enz) [attollere , to rise up] . Applied to
muscles raising or elevating the part, as the A. Auris,
a muscle raising the external ear. See Muscles,
Table of.

Attraction (at-rak'-shun) \attrakere, to draw to]. The
tendency of one particle of matter to approach another.
Affinity. As existing between celestial bodies it is
termed gravitation, while molecular attraction ox cohe-
sion expresses the force aggregating molecules into
masses. A., Chemical, the attraction of affinity, re-
lates to the attraction of atoms of one element to those
of others, resulting in chemical compounds. A., Cap-
illary, the tendency of a curved surface or a tube to
exert traction on a liquid. A., Electrical, the ten-
dency of bodies toward each other when charged
with opposite electricities. A., Magnetic, the influ-
ence of a magnet upon certain metallic substances,
chiefly iron.

Attrahens [atf -rah-eni) [attrahens, drawing]. Applied
to muscles as Attrahens aurem, a muscle drawing
the ear forward and upward. See Muscles, Table of.
Also applied to medicines attracting fluids to a part,
as stimulants, epispastics, etc.

Attrahent [atf -rah-ent) [attrahens, drawing]. i.
Drawing to; adducent. 2. A drawing application;
an epispasticor rubefacient.

Attrition [at-risk' '-un) [atterere, to rub against]. An
abrasion or chafing of the skin. In physics, any rub-
bing or friction that breaks or wears the surface.

Attypic (at-ipt-ik) [at, to; ri/irog, a type]. In biology,
possessing by acquisition or specialization the charac-
ters of a prototype.

Atypic [ah-tip/-ik\ [d priv. ; ri-oc, a type]. Irregular;
not conformable to the type. A. Fever, an inter-
mittent lever with irregularity of the paroxysm.

Atypical [ah-tipf-ik-al). See Atypic.

Auante [aw-anf -te) [avavrq; avaivecv, todry]. A wast-
ing or atrophy.

Auantic \aw-an' -tik) [avavriic6g, wasted]. Character-
ized by wasting ; atrophic.

Aubernage [o-bar-nakzh') [Fr.l. A contagious disease
of the vine, called by the Italians the Black Disease.
It is doubtful whether it is due to a fungus or a bac-
terium. Cf. Bacterium gutnmis, comes, under Ba -
teria, Synonymatic Table of.

Auburn System. See Ventilation.

Auctioneers' Cramp. See Cramp.

Audimeter [aw dimf ei er). Si e Audi

Audiometer md-et-er) [audire, to heai

a nn < un ] Aii instrument lor measuring tie- acute-
1 ing.

Audiometric 1 nef-rik) [audire, to hear;

10V, a measuri | Relating to audiometry.

Audiometry [audire, to heai

a measure]. I he measurement, or testing, of the
of hearing.

Audiphone [aw' [audire, to he vi], a

sound]. An instrument for improving thi power of
hearing by conveying sounds through the bones of
tin- head to the labyrinl h.

Audition [aw-disk' '-un) [audire, to heai]. The act of
hearing. A. coloree, a peculiar association between
the auditory and optic nerves, by which a certain
sound or musical note will give- rise to a subjective
sensation ol color, the same note in the same person
being always assoi iated with the same color.

Auditory [aw> '-dit-o-re) [audire, to hear]. Pertaining
to the act or the organs of hearing. A. After-Sensa-
tions, the sensation- oi sounds continuing or occurring
alter the cessation of the stimulus. A. Amnesia. 5i
Mind-deafness. A. Area, the cerebral center for hear-
ing ; its location is not definitely determined. A.
Aura, auditory sensation preceding an attack of epi-
lepsy. A. Center, same as A. .Ir,,/. A. Hairs, the
processes of the crista acustica, at present of indeter-
minate function. A. Meatus (external and internal 1,
the external and internal canals or openings of the ear.
A. Nerve, the portio mollis of the seventh pair of
cranial nerves. A. Ossicles, the chain of small bones
of the middle ear. A. Sac, the labyrinth, pit, or de-
pression in the epiblast on both sides of the embrvo-
logic after-brain. When cut off from the epiblast it
is called the vesicle of the labyrinth, or Primary
Auditory Vesicle. A. Teeth. See Teeth. A.
Vertigo, dizziness due to pathologic conditions 1 >f
the ear. See / 'ertigo and Meniere' s Disease.

Auditus (a-io-tli'-fus) [1..]. Hearing; the sense or
power of hearing.

Auerbach's Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of.

Auerbach's Plexus. See Plexuses. Tabic

Augment [awg -ment) [augmentum, increase]. The
increasing stage of a fever or other acute disease.

Augmentation [awg-men-taf -shun) [augmentatio, an
increasing]. I. Same as Augment. 2. Increase in the
violence of symptoms.

Augnathus [awg-na' -thus) [ai, besides; yvaBoc, the
jaw]. A monster with two lower jaw-. See />.-
sopus.

Aula [aw'-lah) [av/Ji, a hall or open court]. 1. The
common mesal cavity of the cerebrum, it being also
the anterior portion of the third ventricle. 2. In
biology, a space or cavity formed by a colony 1 I
infusorians.

Aulatela [aw-lat-ef lah) [aula, a hall; tela, a web].
The roof or covering membrane of the aula.

Aulic [aw'-lik) [ni'/i/, a hall]. I! :longing or pertaining
to the aula. A. Recess, a triangular depression
between the precommissure and the two fornicolumns
of the brain.

Auliplexus [mv-le-pleks' us) [aula, hall ; plexus, a net-
work]. The choroid plexus of the aula.

Aulix [awf -liks)[aulix, a furrow]. The sulcus of Monro,
a groove on the mesal surface of the thalamus just
ventrad of the medicommissure.

Aulophyte [aw/-/o-fit) \av7i6q, a pipeor tube; <f>v~6v, a
plant]. In biology, a symbiotic plant ; one that lives
within another, but not as a parasite.

Aura [1 •'. a breath] A biv ind ;

a -oft vapor. A sensation sometimes like a gentle

U KA1

l.')(l

AUSCULTA1 I. US

current of air rising from the limbs or body to the
head; a frequent forerunner of an epileptic attack, —
aura epileptica. Also applied toanyslight symptom
I receding an attack of any disease <>r paroxysm, as the
aura hysterica, intra vet . et< A. seminalis

theory, a thtorv of Swammerdam, who, observing a
strong odor from drone bees, supposed that this, per-
meating the body of the queen, fertilized the eggs.

Aural {a?i/-ral) [auris, the ear]. Relating to thi
or to hearing. A. Vertigo. See Meniere' .^ Disease.

Aurally {av/-ral-e) [auris, the ear]. By means of the
ear.

Auramin {an/ -ram-in) [aurum, gold ; amin\. \ rellow
Pyoktanin, </. v. : a yellow anilin color used to some
extent as a bactericide and preventive of suppuration.
Unof.. See G nspectus of Pigments, under Pigment.

Aurantia [aw-ran* -she-aK) [aurantium, an orange].
An orange coal-tar dye; an ammonium salt of hexa-
nitro-diphenyl-amin. The use of this dye has been
said to produce skin-diseases. See Conspectus of
Pigments, under Pigment.

Aurantium [aw-ran' '-she-um) [L. : gen., Aurantit],
i (range. The fruit of Citrus vulgaris and (". auran-
tium. Both the (lowers and the rind of the fruit are
employed in medicine. The volatile oil from the rind
is aromatic and a mild tonic but is used mainly as a
flavor; A. amara, Ext. Fid., bitter orange peel, alco-
hol, and water. Used as a flavor. Dose p| ss-j. A.
amara, Tinct., bitter orange peel 20, dilute alcohol,
. ad 100. Dosegj-ij. A. corticis, Ol., the vola-
tile oil expressed from the rind of the orange. Dose
gtt. j— v. A. dulcis, Tinct., sweet orange peel 20,
dilute alcohol, q. s. ad loo. Dose jj-ij- A., Elixir,
oil of orange I, sugar 100, alcohol and water, q. s. ad
30 \ A. flores, Aq., fresh orange tlowers 40, water
203. Distil to 100 parts. A. riorum, Ol., " oil of
neroli." a volatile oil distilled from fresh orange
tlowers. Dose gtt. j-v. A. florum, Syr., sugar 85,
orange-flower water q. s. A flavoring-agent. A.,
Infus. (1!. P.). Dose §j-ij. A., Infus., Comp.
(B. P.). Dose §j— ij. A., Spt., oil of orange 6,
alcohol 94. Dose according to quantity of alcohol
desired. A., Spt., Comp., oil of orange-peel, 20, oil
of lemon 5, oil of coriander 2, oil of anise 5> deodor-
ized alcohol q. s. A., Syr., sweet-orange peel, precipi-
tated calcium phosphate, each 5, sugar 70, alcohol and
water q. s. A., Tinct. (B. P.). hose gj-ij. A.,
Tinct. Recentis (B. P.), tinct. of fresh orange-peel.
Dosegj-ij, A.,Vinumii; P. ), 12 percent of alcohol.

Auricle (aw'-rik-l) [auricula, the outer ear]. The
pinna and external meatus of the ear. The auricles
of the heart are the two cavities between the veins and
the ventricles. See Circulation, and //car/.

Auricular {aw-rik' -u-lar) [auricula, the outer ear].
Relating to the auricle, or to the ear ; as the auricular
nerve, arteries, vein . The Auricular arteries,

anterior and posterior, are branches of the temporal
and external carotid, supplying the auricle of the ear.
A. Finger, the little finger. A. Fissure. See
fissure. A. Foramen, the outlet of the meatus of
the ear. A. Lymphatics, small lymphatic glands
near the upper end of the 5t< rno mastoid muscle. A.
Point, the central point of the auricular foramen.
aniometrical Points.

Auriculars {aw-rik1 '-u-larz) [auricula, the ear]. In
biology, the feathered ana that conceals the ears in
most birds; regio-auricularis.

Auriculo-bregmatic [aw-rik' ' -u-lo-breg-mat' '-ik) [auri-
cula, the ear ; 1p£y/ia, a soft spot]. Relating to the
auricle and to the bregma.

Auriculo-occipital>/7.' rik' ' -u-lo-ok-sip* '-it-al)[auricula,
the ear; occiput, the back of the head]. Pertaining

both to the ear and the back of the head. A. Trian-
gle. See liiai:

Aunculo-parotidean {aw-rik* -u-lo-par-ot-id'-e-anS [au-
ricula, the ear; Kupurric, the parotid gland]. Relat-
ing to the auricle and to the parotid gland.

Aunculo-temporal {aw-rik/-u-lo-tem/-po-ral) [auric-
ula, the ear ; tempora, the temple-]. Relating to the
auricle and to the temporal region. A. nerve, a
branch ol the inferior maxillary, supplying superficial
parts about the auricle.

AuTiculo-yentticu\ar{aw-rik/-u-lo-ven-trik/-u-lar)[au-
ricula, the ear ; ventriculus, the ventricle]. Relating
to an auricle and a ventricle of the heart. A. open-
ing, the opening between the amities and the ventri-
cles of the heart.

Auriform {aw* -rif-omi) [auris, the ear; forma, shape].
Bar-shaped.

Aurigo {aw / /' s 1 [ I ..]. An incorrect form of the word
aurugo.

Aunlave {a:e' -ril-ar) [auris, the ear ; ItiTare, to wash].
An ear brush or ear sponge mounted upon a handle.

Aurin {aw/-rin) [aurum. gold], C19Hu08. Pararosolic
acid ; a body produced on boiling the diazo-hydro-
chlorid of para-rosanilin with water. It dissolves in
glacial acetic acid and alcohol, crystallizes in dark-red
needles or prisms with metallic luster, and decomposes
when heated above 2200. It is a dye-stuff used in
printing calicoes and woolens and for pigments, and
produces orange-red colors. See Conspectus of Pig-
ments, under Pigment.

Auripigmenti>r, '-rip-ig'-ment \[auripigmentum, golden
pigment]. See Orpiment.

Auripuncture {aw'-re-punkt-cAur) [auris, ear; punc-
tura, puncture]. Surgical or traumatic puncture of
the membrana tympani.

Auris {aw'-ris) [L.]. The ear.

Auriscalp {aw/-ris-kalp) [auris, the ear; seal/are, to
scrape]. An ear-pick or probe for the ear.

Auriscope (aw/-ris-kdp) [auris, the ear; cnoireiv, to
examine]. An instrument for examining the ear, and
especially the Eustachian passage ; an otoscope.

Aurist {aw'-rist) [auris, the ear], A specialist in dis-
eases of the ear.

Aurugo {aw-ruf-go) [I..]. Yellowness; jaundice;
icterus.

Aurum {aw'-rum) [I..: gen., Auri~\. Gold. Au =
196.7; quanti valence, in. One of the metals char-
acterized as "noble" by the am nut-, because of its
weight and luster. It has a brilliant yellow color and
will not'tamish. The metal is sometimes used as a
plate on which artificial teeth are set. The chlorid
locallv is an escharotic. Internally its action resem-
bles that of mercuric chlorid. In small doses it pro-
motes digestion and stimulates the functions of the
brain; in large doses it is a violent poison. It is useful
in certain forms of dyspepsia, hypochondriasis, amen-
orrhea, and functional impotence. Poisoning is
treated by albumen (eggs) or flour, and evacuation
of the stomach. A. brom., Aul'.r,, is used in epi
lepsy and migraine. Dose gr. .',, ' . A. et sodii

chlor., soluble in water. Dose gr. ',, ,',,. A. chlo-
ridum (unof.). Soluble. Dose gr. za-^o- Gold
chlorid is aKo valued as a stain for sections ol brain -
tissue and oi nerve ganglia ; it has been vaunted as a
cure for the alcoholic habit.

Auscult, or Auscultate {aws-kuW ; aws' '-kul-tdt) [au
cultare, to listen to]. To perform or practise ausculta-
tion; to examine by auscultation.

Auscultation {aws-kul-ta'-sfiun) [auscultare, to listen
to]. A method of investigation of the functions and
condition of the respirator), circulatory, digestive, and
other organ- by the sounds they themselves give out, or

A I SCI LTATl >RY

151

At TOPHAGIA

that are elicited by percussion. It is called immediate,
when the ear is directly applied to the part, and
mediate, if by the aid of the stethoscope. Obstetru
auscultation is practised in pregnancy to detect or
study the fetal ln-art sounds or the placental murmur.
See Murmur, Respiration, R&les, Rhonchus, /-Iron
chophony, Pectoriloquy, Egophony, Bruit, Souffle, et<
A. -tube, in otology, an instrument for listening to
the forced passage of air through the ear of anothi i

Auscultatory [aws-kul' '-tat-or-e) \auscultare, to listen
to]. Relating to auscultation. A. Percussion, tin-
practise of auscultation by one person, while another
practises percussion.

Australian [aws-trai V '-yan) [Australia]. ( )f or belong-
ing to Australia. A. Blight. See Angio-neui
Edema, A. Sassafras. See Atherosperma mos-
ckata,

Autacanthid [aw-tak-an' -thid) [avrbq, self; aitavda,
a spine]. In biology, applied to a star-fish having
many of the spines on special plates.

Autechoscope [aw-tekf -o-skop) \avr6q, self;

sound; onoireZv, to inspect]. A device for enabling
a person to listen to sounds produced within his own
body.

Autecious, or Autcecious [aw-tef -shus) [avroq, self;
roc, dwelling]. In biology, same as Mone i
also applied to parasitic fungi that pass through all
the stages of their existence on the same host.

Autenrieth and Hinsberg's Test. See 7'rsts, Table

of.

Autocarpous (aw-to-kar* '-pus) \_ahror, self; Kapirdg,
fruit]. In biology, said of a fruit consisting of a supe-
rior and free ovary.

Autocatheterism [aw-to-kath' '-et-er-izm) \ovt6c, self;
Katiiri/p, a catheter]. The passage of a catheter by
a person upon himself.

Autocatheterist [aw-to-kathf -et-er-isf) [avroq, self;
Kafkri/f), a catheter]. One who practises autocatheter-
ism.

Autocatheterization [aw-to-kath-et-er-iz-af -shun). The
process of catheterizing one's self.

Autochthon [aw-tok' '-thun) [avrdxduv, sprung from the
land]. An aboriginal inhabitant.

Autochthonous [aw-tok'-thon-us) [ai-u \ih,)r, sprung
from the land]. Aboriginal ; formed (as a clot) in
the place where it is found.

Autocinesis [aw-to-sin-e' '-sis) [avrdq, self; Kivjjoig, mo-
tion]. Motion that is voluntary, or apparentlv so.

Autocinctic^aw-to-sin-ef-ik) [diroc, self; Kxvrfaiq, mo-
tion]. Possessed of the power of spontaneous motion.

Autoclave [avZ-to-klav) \_avroq, self; clavis, a key].
I. Self-fastening; closing itself. 2. An instrument for
sterilizing or killing germ-life by steam-heat, the gauge
indicating automatically the pressure, and therefore the
degree of heat, to which the microorganism is sub-
jected.

Autodiagnosis [aw-to-di-ag-no/ -sis) [avrbq, self;
Sidyvuaig, a discovering]. Self-diagnosis; the morbid
impression sometimes possessed by a patient that he is
affected with some particular disease. This impression
may amount to a fixed and dominant idea.

Autodidact [awf -to-di-dakt) \avr6q, self; didaicrbq,
taught]. One who is self-taught in his profession.

Autodigestion [aw-to-di-jes' -chun) [avrbq, self; digere,
to digest]. Digestion of the walls of the stomach by
the gastric juice consequent upon loss of the epithe-
lium, or upon other gastric disease. Autopepsia.

Autogamous [aw-tog/ -am-us) \avr6q, self; ydfioq. mar-
riage]. In botany, a name applied to (lowers that are
habitually self- fertilizing.

Autogenesis [aw-to-jenr -es-is) \av~6q, self; J .

production]. Spontaneous generation ; self-production.

Autogenetic (aw-to jen > t' ik) \avr6t , self . pro-

duction]. Developed l>y or due to autogenesis; pro-
duced, as disease, within the organism; not enthetic.

Autogenous [aw-toj' '-en-us) \_avr6q, self; . pro

duction]. Pertaining to diseases or conditions self-
producing within the body and not derived from exter-
nal or objective sources; applied to poisons genet
in the body by its inherent pn puerperal

fever has been falsely supposed to be due to self-gen
eration of the 5epti( material.

Autographic graf'-ik) [< r, to

write]. Self-registering. A. Skin, a condition of

vas tor paralysis, usually in hysterical patients, in

which marl.iiiL-- made upon the skin form q

nt and intensely red traces. A. Woman, one
with an Autographic Skin.

Autographism ' raf-izm) [ovt6c, -

to write]. The condition observed in the so-called
autographic skin; dermographism. See Urticaria
factitia.

Autographist [awf-t ' ' ' , "', to

write], < Ine who has an autographic skin.

Autohypnotism [aw-to-hipf -not-izm) \avr6q, self;
inrvoq, sleep]. Mental stupor induced by dwelling in-
tensely upon some all-absorbing delusion. See also
Statu 70/

Autoinoculation [aw-to-in-ok-u-la* -shun) \_airor. self;
inoculare, to implant]. Reinoculation by virus ob-
tained from the same person.

Autointoxication [aw-to-in-toks-ik-a' -shun). See Au
totoxic.

Autokinesis [aw-to-kin-ef -sis) \ ■ - .

movement], i. Voluntary movement ; movement not
reflex or allokinetic. 2. Movement that is appar-
ently not volitional, but that arises from causes within
the organism.

Autokinetic [aw-to-kin-ef -ik) \avr6q, self; Kivqaic, move-
ment]. Pertaining to,orof the nature of, autokinesis.

Autolaryngoscopy [aw-to-lar-ing-gos' '-ko-pe) [avrbi .
self; '/('if>r]z, the larynx ; 0x1 7 to examine]. The
examination of one's larynx by himself.

Auto-massage [aw-to-mas-sahzhf) [avroc, self; uaa-
aeiv, to knead]. Self-massage; therapeutic manipula-
tions of the body performed by the patient himself.

Automatic [aw-to-maf '-ik) \avTOfiarirttv, to act spon-
taneously]. Performed without the influence of the
will. A. Plugger, an instrument adapted for pound-
ing gold foil in the cavities of teeth.

Automatism [aw-tomf -at-iztn) [avTOftaTit^eiv, to act
spontaneously]. The performance of acts without
apparent volition, as seen in certain somnambulists
and in some hysterical and epileptic patients.

Automatograph [aw-to-maf [avrofiariCetv, to

act spontaneously; , , to record]. An instru-

ment for registering involuntary movements of the hand.

Automaton [aw-tom' -at-on) [nvrotiaroq, spontaneous],
< hie who acts in an involuntary or mechanical man-
ner. A. Blowpipe. See Blowpipe.

Automysophobia -mis-o-fi ~ . self;

livooq, filth; <»' (0?, fear]. Insane dread of personal
uncleanliness.

Autonomy [aw-tonr -o-me) [airr . self; vduaq, law].
The independent existenceof a disease or of a mate
morbi within the organism.

Autonyctobatesis [aw-to-nik-to-bat-e* '-sis) \avr6q, self;
1 >i f . night; toiveiv, to walk]. Somnambulism.

Autopathic [aw-to-path* -ik) \avr6q, self ; irdOoq, suffer-
ing]. The same as Endopathic.

Autopepsia [aw-to-pep '-se-ah) [avrbq, self ; Trirrreiv, to
digest]. Autodigestion.

Autophas:ia [aw-to-pha' '-Je-ah) [avrdq, self; (jtayelv, to
eat]. Self-consumption; emaciation.

ALU >PHAGOUS

152

A\ 1 \l\

Autophagou-

eat]. In biology, self-feeding hatched.

Autophagy

In starvation tin- absorption of the ti-stu-s themselves

lor nutrition. Life may be thus continued until about

half the body-weight has been consumed.
Autophilia .to love].

Morbid £ i in.

Autophobia self fear].

A iiH »rbid dread r oi -■ .1 im. It- .

Autophonia See Autophony.

Autophonomani.i a'-ne-ah) [n

suicide madness]. Suicidal mania.

Autophonous [avroc, self; ouh-i,,

voice]. Having the character <>i autophony.
Autophonv self ; i ;-,, voice]. In

auscultation, the peculiar quality of the physician's
while listening to the patient's chest-
rids.
Autophthalmoscope law-toff-thal' '-mo-skop) . See Oph-

Autophyllogeny [aw-to-fil-oy -en-e) \ovt6q, self; oi//<n\
lea' . production]. In biology, the production

of leaves by K-a\ es.

Autoplast (avZ-to-plast) [ If; Tchaaaeiv, to form] .

In biology: I. The chlorophyll body. 2. A cell of
independent spontaneous origin.

Autoplasty [awf -to-plas-te) \avr6c, self; rr'/iiannv. to
form]. A method of repairing the effects of a wound
or lesion involving loss of tissue by grafting or implant-
ing fresh parts taken from other portions of the patient's
body.

Autopsic {(iTi'-fop'-sifc) [<"-"', self; ofir, a seeing].
Relating to an autopsy.

Autopsy I ~ .self; biptg, a seeing] . i.

Examination, or seeing one's own self; self-ihspec
tion. 2. The post-mortem study of the body of another.
The use of the word in this sense, however, is ety-
mologically absurd. See Necropsy..

Autoscope [aw' -to-skop) \avr6g, self; GK07relv} to see].
An instrument, e.g., the ophthalmoscope, arranged
for the examination of an organ by oneself.

Autoscopy [aw-tos' -ko-pt •) \avr6g, self; (TK07relv,to see].
The examination of one's own organs or disease by
means of an autoscope.

Autosite {aw'-to-sit) [i elf; airog, food] . I. Anion

r capable of an independent existence after birth.
2. That member of a double fetal monstrosity that
nourishes itself by its own organs as well as the other
member, which is called the parasite.

Autositk iit'-ik) \_avr6g, self ; a roc, food]. Of

the nature of an autosite.

Autostethoscope (azu-to-sleth' '-o-skop) \ self;

''"<. (he breast ; anoTrelv, to examine]. A stetho
scope so arranged that by it one may listen to his own
t-sounds.

Autosuggestion i aw-to-sug-jes' '-churi) [avr6c,

n intimation]. A term suggested bj P
for that peculiar mental condition, often developing
after railway accidents; it i- intimately associated with
the h\; iate. In both of I mditions

the mental spontaneity, the will, or the judgment, is
more or less suppressed or obscured, and suggest

■ iii'- easy. Thus the slightest traumatic action
directed to any member may become the o
paralysis, of a contracture, or of an arthralgia. It i-
called traumali u .

Autotemnon <-temf -non) \av~6q, self;

cut]. In biology, the self-dividing unicellular organism.

Autotherapy \ aw-to-ther* -ap

a waiting on]. The spontaneous or self-cure of a
disease.

Autotoxemia [aw-to-toks-e1 '-me-ah) [at rtfi ,self ; tq^ik6\ ,
a poison; ul/xa, blood]. foxemia from poi
derived from the organism itself.

Autotoxic .,'.v-/ \jovt6q, self ; rot-uUiv, poison]

Self-empoisonment through the absorption of noxious
products of katabolism, a- in uremia. < f. Autointoxi-

, ill 10)1.

Autotoxin i .s'lll) [,,./>..■, -iif; r<r-n.

poison], An\ product of tissue metamorphosis with
in the organism that has a toxic effect upon thai or
i-tn.

Autotransfusion tranz-fu' -zhun) \avr6g, self;

frans/usio, a pouring lion, one vessel into another] .
The transfer of the blood to the brain and oth
tral organ> by elevating the hips and legs, and by the
use i if elastic bandages

Autovaccination [aw-to-vaks-in-a' 'shun) [oi»r<Jc, self;
inare, to vaccinate]. The reinsertion of fresh
vaccine-lymph upon the same person from whom
it is taken, either by the vaccinated person himself
or by some other person, whether intentionally or by
accident.

Autumn (aw* -turn) [autumnus, autumn]. The fall of
the year. A. Catarrh. Synonym of Hay-fever, occur-
ring in August and the fall of the year.

Autumnal [aiu-tum' '-nal) \auiumnus, autumn]. Per
taining to the fall of the year. A. Fever. Synonym
of Typhoid I ever, a. t.

Auxanometer [awks-an-om/ -et-er) [av^avetv, to grow;
fiirpov, measure]. An instrument used in biologic
study tor measuring the growth of young organisms.

Auxe [awks'-e) ["'--'/, increase]. Enlargement in bulk
or volume.

Auxesis ' ■ / i [avS-Tjaig, enlargement] . Increase

in size or bulk. Hypertrophy is a word often incor-
rectly used where Auxesis is meant.

Auxetic {awks-el* -ik) \av!;r}~iK6e, enlargement] , Charac-
terized by auxesis.

Auxiliary (awks-il/-e-a-re') \auxilium, a helper] . Aid
ing.

Auxilium [awks-W '-e-um) [L., " help "]. A wheeled
\ i hide or ambulance with couch and mattresses, for
use in the service- of held military hospitals.

Auxocardia {awks-o-kar* -de-ah) [fflfcf/?, an incn
napdia, the heart]. The normal increase of the
volume of the heart during diastole, in distinction
from meiocardia, the diminution during systole.

Auxospore [awksr -o-spor) [avijeiv, u< grow; an

d, offspring]. A large spore produced, either
asexually, or by conjugation, in the Diatdmace

Auxotonic t n'-ik) [_'"-■"'• '" grow ; '•

tension]. Determined by growth. A. Move-
ments, in biology, movements due to growth rather
than to stimulation.

Ava Kava [ah'-vah kah'-vah). See Kava-Kava.

Avalanche Theory. Pfliiger's opinion that nerve
energy gathers intensity a- it parses toward the muscles.

Avelin-^'-7, Apparatus. An apparatus employed in the
immediate transfusion oi blood, A. Curve. The
S shaped curve of tin- handles of obstetric forceps.
A. Operation. See

Avena {av-e'-naJi) [1..]. A genus of plants. < »at
A. farina, oatmeal. A. sativa, the embryo of the
the seed of the common oat plant. It contains stan h,
gluten, lied diastase, and a small amount

of alkaline phosphates, and is a nutritious food. I i
of the concentrated tinct. or fid. e\t. rrpx-3 ij. The
pericarp contains an alkaloid pos oi slighl nar-

cotic powers. I Inof.

Avenin (av-e'-nin) [avena, the oat]. 1. A precipi-
tate mad'- from a tincture of nvn.i sativa, or the
It i- :i n ;rve stimulant and tonic. Unof. 2. A

AVENS

153

AZ< M<

nitrogenous principle obtained from the oat, and
nearly identical with legumin ; the gluten casein
of oats.

Avens i [Welsh, afans\. A name given to

several plants of the genus Geum. A. Root, the root
of Geum rivale, a tonic and astringent. It contains
gallic and tannic acids. Doseoi fld. ext. 3 ss— j. 1 nof.

Avery's Operation. See Operations, Table

Aviation [a ve a/-shun) [avis, a bird]. Artificial flight.

Avidity [av-id' -it-e) [avidus, greedy]. In chemi
the tendency of certain weak acids, in suitable con-
ditions, to dispossess even the strongest acids and to
unite with their bas<

Avocado Pear (av-o-ha'-do). See Alligator Pear.

Avogadro, Law of. See Law and Amp

Avoirdupois Weight [av-or-du-poiz' wat) [Fr., avoir,
to have ; du poids, of weight]. The common English
weight used for all commodities except precious metals,
gems and medicines. The pound is equal to 7000
grains Troy, or 453.54 grams, or 10 ounces. The
ounce is divide. 1 into 16 drams, each of 437.5 grains.
See Weights and Measures.

Avulsion {av-ul' -shun) [avulsio ; avellere, to tear
away], A traumatic or surgical tearing or wrenching
away of a part, as a polypus, a limb, eti .

Awn \ii:un) [a^ya, chaff]. The bristle or beard of
barley, oats, etc; or any other similar appendage.

Axial [aks'-e-al) [axis, axis]. Pertaining to or situated
in an axis. A. Current. Same as /. Stream. A
Hypermetropia. See Hypermetropia. A. Stream.
The name given to the red column in a vessel at the
seat of inflammation. The blood-corpuscles are
separated, the red being packed together in the center
of the vessel, while between this and the walls of the
vessel is a clear layer of serum in which the white cor-
puscles roll along. See Poiseuille's Sparc.

Axiferous (aks-if -er-us) [axis, axis; ferre, to bear].
In biology, producing a stem-like, ieafless axis, ascer-
tain fungi and algre.

Axilemma {aks/-il-em-ah) [axis, axis; M/i/ia, husk,
skin]. In histology, an elastic sheath composed of
neurokeratin enclosing the axis cylinder of medullated
nerve-fibers.

Axilla (aks-il'-ah) [L. : />/., Axilla^. The armpit.

Axillar (aks'-il-ar) [axilla, axil]. In biology, one of
the tufts of soft leathers growing from the axilla, and
forming part of the under wing-coverts of a bird.

Axillary (aks'-il-a-rc) [axilla, axil]. Pertaining to the
axilla. A. Artery, the continuation of the subclavian
artery, extending from the lower border of the first rib
to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle, where
it becomes the brachial. See Arteries, Table of. A.
Glands, the lymphatic glands in the axilla. A.
Plexus, the brachial plexus, formed by the last three
cervical and the first dorsal nerves. A. Space, t ln-
irregular conical space of the axilla. A. Vein, a
continuation of the brachial, corresponding with the
artery and terminating in the subclavian vein.

Axin [aks'-in) [axinus\ A fatty and varnish-like sub-
stance produced in Mexico by an insect, Coccus
axinus. It is used in the arts and locally in medicine,
being regarded as a good vulnerary and resolvent.

Axis {aksf-is) [I,, for axletree]. I. An imaginary line
passing through the center of a body. 2. The second
cervical vertebra. A., Basicranial, in craniometry, a
line drawn from the basion to the middle of the anterioi
border of the cerebral surface of the sphenoid bone.
A., Basifacial, in craniometry, a line drawn from the
anterior border of the cerebral surface of the sphenoid
to the alveolar point. A., Binauricular, in cranio-
metry, the imaginary line joining the two auricular
point--. A., Cerebrospinal, the central nervous

system. A. Cylinder (of a nerve), the conducting
essentia] pari "I a nerve lying in the center and sur
rounded by the sheath ol Schwann. Ii

(ailed 1 i 1 1 ,1 I • . A., Frontal ol

the eye), an imaginary line running through the eyeball
from right to left, and corresponding with the m
in. Hi- ol el vation and depression ol the , \, ball. A.,
Optic, the line from the corneal apex to the- macula
lutea. A., Optical, an imaginary line passing from
the center ol th iece of a microscope through

the body, objective, stage and sub-stage, to the
mirror. A., Sagittal (of the . ye), an imaginary line
running through the eyeball from before backward,
and coinciding with the line of vision. A., Visual,
the line from the object through the nodal point to
the- macula.

Axle Teeth {aks'-l teth) . - th.

Axogaster [aks' '-o-gas-ter) [al-wv, a\i- ; yaoTT/p, stom-
ach]. In biology the principal intestine, tie
principalis .

Axon [aks'-on) [ai-uv, an axis]. The axis of the body ;
especially the bony axis of the neuro-skeleton.

Axospermous [aks-o-sperm' '-us) [at-wv, axis; <ttt
seed]. In biology, applied to fruits the seed
which are attached to an axial placenta.

Axungia [aks-un' -je-ah) [L.: gen., Axungioz\. Fat;
lard ; adeps.

Ayres's Operation. See Operations, Table

Azale (az-dl' j. See Conspectus oj Pigments, under Pig-
ment.

Azalein [az-a'-l in). Same as Rosanilin. See aUo
( onspectus of Pigments, under Pigment.

Azarin (az'-ar-in). See Conspectus of Pigments, under
Pigment

Azedarach (a: ed/-ar-ak) [Pers. a.aJ, free ; diraiht,a.
tree]. Pride of China, the bark of Me Ha azedarach,
an Asiatic tree naturalized in the southern U. S. It
occur- in curved pieces or quills, having a sweetish
taste. The decoction, ^ ij to 1 ij. i- a gastrointestinal
irritant and anthelmintic against the round-worm.
Dose §ss-j. A., Ext. Fid. Dose _^j. A., Tinct-
ura, 1 to 8. Dose JJss-ij. I'nof.

Azerin \az'-er-in) [badly formed from a priv. ; _-
dry]. A ferment analogous to ptyalin and found in
the digestive secretion- of I . Nepenthes, and

probably all other insectivorous plants. It is actively
antiseptic and strongly deliquescent, and hastens
rapidly the wetting of flies that fall into its solution.

Azobenzene [az-o-ben' '-zin) [ii priv.; Twroc, living;
benzoin], (', J I ,,,\ \ compound formed by the action
of sodium amalgam upon the alcoholic solution of
nitro-benzene. It forms orange-red. rhombic crystal-,
readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but sparingl)
soluble in water. It melt- at (>N°, and distils at
2930.

Azo-compounds. In chemistry, compounds interme
diate between the nitrocompounds and the amido-
compounds, and made from the former by partial
reduction, or from the latter by partial oxidation.

Azodiphenyl Blue. Same as Coupier's Blue.

Azo-dyes. A well defined group of the coal-tar color-,
all containing the diatomic group — N — N — , bound
on either side to a benzene radical. They may be
prepared by reduction of the nitrocompound- in
alkaline solution-, or by acting on diazo-compound-
with phenols or amins of the aromatic series. I he
azo-dyes are the amido-derivatives of simple azo
compounds, and are to be distinguished as amidoa/o
dyes and oxyazo-dyes. See Conspectus of Pigment .
under Pigment.

Azoic [a- o'-ik) [a priv. ; _'u/ . life]. In biology, d
tute of living organisms.

A/i H.I I MIX

1 54

BACILLURIA

Azolitmin (az-o-lit'-min) [<i priv.; £«#, life; Dan. lak,
lac; «ff«, pulp]- C,H7N< >,. A deep blood-red color-
ing matter obtained from litmus. See I
Pigments, under Pigment.

Azoospermia . [ a priv.; Cw#, life ;

1]. Want of, or deficient vitality of, the
spermati ia ii

Azoospermism vi'-izm) [a priv.; f«#,

life; <nr . ■ ed]. Absence of the spermatic eh
ments from the seminal fluid.

Azorella i </:-.".."',• i [L.]. \ genus of umbellifer-
ous plants. A. glebaria.

Azoresorcin 'sin) [a priv. ; £uror, living ;

l'r . rIBN04. A derivative of resorcin,

occurring as dark-red and greenish crystals.

Azote . '-. >t) [dpriv. ; £017, life]. A synonym of ni-
trogen. Azotic acid, nitric acid.

Azotemia [az-o-te/-me-ah\ [azotum, nitrogen; aifia,
blood]. The presence of nitrogenous compounds in
the blood ; uremia.

Azotenesis [az-o-ten-e'-sis) [azotum, nitrogen]. Any
one of a class of diseases said to be due to a supera-
bundance of nitrogen in the system, such as carcinoma,
scurvy, gangrene, etc.

Azotometer [az-o-tom' -et-er) [azotum, nitrogen ; fii-pov,
a measure]. A device for the measurement of nitrogen.

Azoturia (az-o-tu' '-re-aJi) [azotum, nitrogen ; urina,
the urine]. An increase of the urea and urates in the
urine.

Azoxybenzene (az-oks-e-ben' '-zen) [azotum , nitrogen ;
<, sharp; benzene'], Cj2H10N2O. A compound

.spectu ' Pigments, under

obtained by the reduction of nitrobenzene. It forms

long yellow needles, easily soluble in alcohol and

ether, but not in water. It melts at 3d0.
Azulene [az/-u-Hn). Same as L'erulein.
Azulin [azf-u-lin). See Conspectus of Pigments, under

Pigmt >it.
Azure,. ' -ur) [M.E., azure, blue"]. Sky-blue. A. Blue.

3ame as Cobalt Blue, and / 'Itramarine. A. Mala

chite. See ./ uriteva Conspectus of Pigments, under

/ 'ig men/.
Azurin \aJ -urni). Same as Azulin.
Azurite [az1 ur-it). See Conspectus of

Pigment.
Azygomatous (ah-zi-gom/ -at-us) [a priv. ; ^vyufia, the

zygomatic arch]. Destitute of zygomatic arches, as

the >hrews.
Azygos [ax'-tg-os) [a priv. ; j — .a yoke]. Applied to

parts that are single, not in pairs. A. uvulae, a small

muscle of the uvula. A. Vein, a vein connecting

the superior and inferior venn ( avse.
Azygospore (az-i' '-go-spor) [a priv. ; %vyin>, yoke;

airopd, seed]. An asexually produced spore, but re-
sembling the sexual spore or zygospore.
Azygous [az'-ig-us) [d priv. ; C,vy6r, a yoke]. Not

paired; or, if paired, so blended as to seem one organ.
Azymia (ah-zim' -e-ah) [d priv. ; £'ufiq,& ferment]. Ab

sence or lack of ferment.
Azymic (ah-zim' '-//-) [a priv. ; ,'</'/„ a ferment]. Not

giving rise to fermentation.
Azzle Teeth (az'-l-leth) [E. dial., assal teetK\. A name

given to the molar teeth.

B

B. In chemical terminology the symbol of Boron.

Ba. The chemical symbol of Barium.

B. A. A contraction of Balneum aqua:, a water-bath ;
also, of Balneum arena, a sand-bath, and of Artium
Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Arts.

B. M. A contraction of Balneum maris a sea- water
bath; also of Medicina Baccalaureus, Bachelor of
Medicine.

B. V. A contraction of Balneum vaporis, a vapor-bath.

Babbitt Metal, a compound of metals used in prosthetic
dentistry for dies in swaging plates.

Babe (bob) [ME., babe]. An infant.

Babes' Method. See Stains, Table of. B. Oven.
See 0~'en.

Babul Gum (ba-bool') [Bengal]. The gum of the tree
icia arabiea, or babul ; an inferii >r s< >rt 1 if gum arabic.

Baby (ba'-be). Same as Babe. B.-farm. An institu
tion for raising orphan and pauper infants. B.-
farming, the business of receiving and caring for tin-
infants of those who, for any reason, may be unable
or unwilling to bring up their own children.

Baccaceous ' us) [bacca, a berry]. Like a

berry ; baccate.

Baccate (bakf-at) [bacca, a berry]. Berry-like, or
bearing berries.

Baccelli's Method. A method of treating aneurysm
by passing a wire thread into the sac. Sec Treat-
ment. B. Sign. S and Symptoms, Table of.

Baccharis [bakf-ar-is] [/Jdwcaptc, a fragrant herb]. \
genus of composite trees. B. halimifolia, the ground-

sel tree, a composite-flowered shrub of N. America;
a decoction of the leaves and bark is a popular demul-
cent and pectoral medicine. Unof.

Bacchia (bak-'e-ah, or bah- 1' -ah) [Bacchus, the god of
wine]. A synonym of Acne rosacea, a condition often
found in drunkards. B. rosacea. Synonym of Acm
rosacea.

Bacillar, or Bacillary (bas'-il-ar : bas'-il-a-n ) [bacil-
lum, a rod; bacillus']. I. Relating to bacilli or to a
bacillus. 2. Consisting o\ or containing rods.

Bacilli (bas-il'-i) [bacillum, a rod]. 1. Plural of
Bacillus, q.v. 2. In pharmacy, cylindrical lozenges
made by cutting the lozenge mass, and rolling it into
a soft cylinder, on a pill-machine.

Bacillicidal [bas-il-i [bacillum, a rod; cccdere,

to kill]. 1 >estructive to bacilli.

Bacillicide (bas-il'-ii id) [bacillum, a rod; cadere, to
kill]. 1. Destructive to bacilli. 2. An agent that
destroys bacilli.

Bacilliculture (bas-il'-e-kul-chilr) [bacillum, a rod ;
cultura, cultivation]. The artificial culture of bacilli
forthe purpose of studying their nature and life.

Bacilliform (bas-i^-if-orm) [bacillum, rod; forma,
fi .mi]. I laving the shape or appearance of a bacillus.

Bacillum [bas-il'-um) [l..,a rod, a stick]. A stick;
a cylindrical troche ; an instrument for carrying a
sponge ; any one ol thi rods in the layer of rods and
cones of the retina.

Bacilluria [bas-il-u' '-re-ah\ [bacillum, a rod ; oipov,
urine]. The presence of bacilli in the urine.

B. ACIhlH >KM VNS

1 .-..-»

B. MALLEI

TYPES OF BACILLI,

SHOWING MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERS AND ARRANGEMENT.

&

B. acidiformans (X iooo).

B. acidi lactici (X iooo).

B. capsulatus (X 1200).

B. cavicida havaniensis (X iooo).

B. erysipelatos suis (X 1000).

B. gracilis cadaveris (X 1200).

B. oedematis tnaligni (X iooo).

B. anthracis (X 1200).

B. arborescens (X 1200).

B. buccalis maximus (X iooo).

#

ss

B. circulans (X 1200).

m

B. crassus sputigenus (X 1200)

B. cuniculicida havaniensis (X 1200)

B. cyanogenus ( ■' 700).

B. buccalis minutus (X 1000).

Zffi

B. of Dantec (X iooo).

B. granulosus (X Soo).
Those without granules represent ab-
normal forms.

B. havaniensis (X iooo).

B. of Hog Cholera (X iooo).

u^Az-V

B. of influenza (X iooo).

ffr

B. lepras \ < 1200).

B. butyricus (X iooo).

47

B. cadaveric (X 1000X

^

B. diffusus (X iooo).

^

B. limosus (X iooo).

^

R diphtherise (X 1000).

B. mallei (X 1200).

B. MEGA I KKIl M

156

B. ZOPFII

B. megaterium (X 1200).

v&

B. scissus (X 1200).

B. thalassaophilus ( ■ 1000).

B. mesentericus \ ulgatus (X 1200).

OWE

B. septicaemia: ha>morrhagicae (X 1200).

)$m

B. tuberculosis (X 1000).

B. neapolitanus (X 1000).

!
I £.9

Nitrifying B. of Winogradsky (X 900).

B. of symptomatic anthrax (X 1000).

B. typhi abdoiniualis (X 1200).

ww

B. pneumoniae friedlanderi (X 1000).

m

B. prod i j: 1000).

&

B. rhinoscleromatis ( -' 1400)

B of symptomatic anthrax, flagellate
form (X 1000).

B. syphilidis (Lustgarten) (X 1000).

B. subtilis (X 1200).

B. tetani 1 < 1200).

B typhi abdominalis, showing flagella
(X 1200).

B. ulna of Yignal (X 1000).

/fe©

B. vermicularis (X 1000).

B. zoplii [various stages of growth)
(X 1000).

B \< II LUS

157

BACTERIA

Bacillus Ibas-il'-us) [dim. of baculum; bacillum,
a small staff: pi., Bacilli], [a] A genus of tiaeSchizo-
mycetes established by Cohn ; synonym, Bacteridium,
Davaine; Bacterium, Delafond ; Vibrio, Cohn; and
including all the elongated forms excepl such as are
spiral and have a gyratory motion , which are classed
in the genus Spirillum. The bacilli are ri^id oi
flexible, motile or non motile, and reproduce either by
direct fission or by endogenous spore formation. Se<
Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. (6) An individual
of the genus Bacillus. (c) A medicated rod or
bougie. (</) Any rod-like body, or specifically, one
of the retinal rods. (<) In botany, the term applied
to the cotyledon of certain plant-. .... the hyacinth;
or to the basal portion of some flower-clusters.

Back {bak) [Mil., />,//:■]. Dorsum; posterior aspect.
B. Combination. See Combination. B. Draught
{bak' draft), the inspiration of whooping-cough.
B. Posture. See Postures. B. Stroke of the
Heart. See Diastole.

Backache {bak'-dk) [ME., bak; aken\ Pain in the
back.

Backbone (bak'-bon) [ME., bak ; boon]. The verte-
bral column.

Back-cut of Salmon. See Salmon, and Operations,
Table of.

Bacony Infiltration (ba'-kon-e in-fil-tra'-shuri). Same
as Albuminoid Infiltration.

Bacteremia (bak-ter-e' '-me-ah) [bacterium, rod; al/ua,
blood]. The presence of bacteria in the blood.

Bacterium [bak-te* -re-um) [/3a/cr#/Mov, a little stick: //.,
Bacteria]. I. A genus of schizomycetous fungi estab-
lished by Ehrenberg (1838) and Dujardin (1841) ;
characterized by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like
forms, without tendency to unite into chains or fila-
ments. 2. The distinction between the genus Bacte-
rium ( I lujardin), and the genus Bacillus (Cohn) is not
well founded, and all straight, elongated forms should
be referred to the latter genus. The word bacteria as
now employed is practically synonymous with Schizo-
mvcetes. Microorganisms, or Microbes, and includes
those minute Thallophytes, with or without chloro-
phyll, related on the one hand to the Nostocacece, and
on the other to the FlageUata. Morphologically,
bacteria are either spherical (cocci) ; in the form of
straight rods (bacilli); or of twisted rods (spirilli).
They occur either free, as filaments in layers, or in
cube-like packets. Erequently large gelatinous masses
called Zooglcca are formed. As regards growth they
are grouped either as Endosporous bacteria, includ-
ing those that form spores endogenously ; or as
Arthrosporous bacteria, including those that mul-
tiply by fission. Bacteria are either aerobic, i.e.,
dependent upon the presence of free oxygen for the
purpose of vegetation, or anaerobic, in which free
oxygen is not essential , as they possess the power of
appropriating the oxygen of unstable organic combi-
nations, thus acting as disorganizing, fermentative,
or putrefactive agents. Again, certain forms appear
to possess the ability to flourish in either condition,
and are known as facultative anaerobic. Bacteria
are either motile or non-motile ; they may exist as
saprophytes, facultative parasites, strict, obligate,
or true parasites. Those that produce pigment are
known as chromogenic ; those that produce fer-
mentation as zymogenic ; those that affect adversely
the health of plants or animals as pathogenic. See
Bacteria^ Synonymatic Table of, and special terms
under appropriate headings.

* Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic anaer. — anaerobic, chg.--
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf
obl. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating, pg. = pathogenic ph

SYNONYMATIC TABLE OF BACTERIA.*

Actinobacter du lait visqueux, Duclaux. found in
ropy milk, aer., nliqf., npg. Actinobacter poly-
morphus. See Bacillus butyricu . Prazmowski.
Actinomyces bovis, Ilarz. Syn. Cladothi
Cladothrix canis, I I >und in Actinomyi

and in sputum of tuberculous patients. Discovered
by Langenbi 1 545); '""' correctly described by

Israel 1 1878). Bollinger firsl to rei ognize it in cattle.
1 onsidered by Paltauf, Israel, and Wolf as a pleo-
morphic schizophyte. Occurs in grains the size of
a poppy-seed ; composed of radiating threads. Stains
with anilin dyes; is not decolorized by Gram's
method. Grows on egg albumin, gelatin, potato, and
bouillon, liqf, pg., chg. (Sulphur-yellow., .flSthyl-
bacillus de Fitz. See Ba illu ubtilis, Ehrenberg,
etc. Amylobacter Clostridium, Trecul. See Bacillus
butyricus, Prazmowski. A New Bacillus of Ma-
lignant Edema, Klein. Sec Bacillus cedematis
aerobieus, Klein. Anthrax bacillus. See Bacillus
anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Arthrobacterium
aceti, De Bary. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing.
Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary.
cillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Arthrobacterium
merismopcedioides, De Bary. See Bacillu meris-
mopasdioides, Zopf. Arthrobacterium pastorianum,
De Bary. See Bacillus pasteurianus, Han
Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary. S ilius

viridis, Van Tieghem. Arthrobacterium zopfii.
See Bacillus zopfii. Arthro-kokkaceen, ( it-r. Arthro-
spore bacteria forming only cocci and cocci-chains.
Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. Syn.
Ascococcus citreus. On the skin, in cases of eczema
seborrhceicum. aer., Uqf, mot., chg. (lemon-yello
npg. Ascobacterium ulvina, Van Tieghem. Short
rods occurring in liquids containing decaying legumi-
nous seeds. Ascococcus billrothii, Cohn. Lobu-
lated masses, producing a viscous fermentation of
saccharine fluids and evolving butyric acid in solution of
ammonium tartrate. Ascococcus citreus, Unna and
Tommasoli. See Ascobacillus citreus. Ascococcus
johnei, Cohn. See Micrococcus botryogenus, Kabe.
Ascococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski. See Leu-
conostoc mesenteroides, Cienkowski. Ascococcus
vibrans, Van Tieghem. Upon water containing
Beggiatoa ; distinguished from A. billrothii by the
whirling and oscillating of the cells. Aussatz-
bacillus, ( ler. See Bacillus leprce, I Ian -
Bacille aerogene, Fr. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes,
Miller. Bacille aerophile, Fr. See Bacillus aero-
philus, Liborius. Bacille brun de la pomme
de terre, Er. See Bacillus mesentericus fu
Fliigge. Bacille butylique, Fr. See Bacillus buty-
licus, Fitz. Bacille butyrique, Fr. See Barillas
butyricus, Pasteur. Bacille commune de la pomme
de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus,
Fliigge. Bacille coprogene fetide, Fr. See Bacillus
coprogenes fcetidus, Schottelius. Bacille cyanogene,
Er. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacille de
Bienstock, I, II, Fr. See Bacillus subtilis simulans,
Bienstock. Bacille de Brieger, IV. See Bacillus
cavicidus,Brieger. Bacille deDenecke, IV. See Spir-
illum tyrogenum, Denecke. Bacille de Finkler et
Prior, Fr. See Spirillum of Finkler and Prior.
Bacille de Hauser. See Proteus mirabilis, Proteus
vulgaris, Proteus zenkeri, Hauser. Bacille de Koch.
See Bacillus tuber 1 Koch. Bacille de la

chylurie, Fr. See Bacillus of chyluria, Wils

chromogenic facanaer. — facultative anaerobic. Uqf = liquefac-
= non-liquefactive. nmnt. = non-motile npg. — non-pathogenic.
os = phosphorescent plrom = pleomorphic, sap = saprophytic.

BACTERIA

158

BACTERIA

Bacille de la coqueluche, It. See Bacillus tu
com . Afanassiew. Bacille de la decomposi-

tion de l'albumine, Fr. Sec Bacillus putrificus
Bienstock. Bacille de la diarrhee verte infantile,
Fr. See Bacillus of green diarrhea in children,
Lesagi Bacille de la diphtheric See Bacillus
dip Ber. Bacille de la diphtherie des

pigeons, lr. ~~ ihtheria um,

(Her. Bacille de la diphtherie des veaux, Fr.

um, 1. iitilcr. Bacille

de la diphtherie intestinale chez les lapins, Fr.

Bacillus of intestinal diphtheria in rabbits, Rib-

Bacille de la dysentene epidemique, Fr.

■ . . i hantemesse and Widal.

Bacille de la dysenterie epizootique des poules

et des dindes, Fr. See Bacillus of Lucet. Bacille

de la fermentation butyrique, Fr. See Bacillus

butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacille de la fermentation

lactique, Fr. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe.

Bacille de la fievre jaune, Fr. See Bacillus of

ow fever. Bacille de la fievre puerperale, lr.
See Bacillus of puerperal fever. Bacille de la fievre
typhoTde, Fr. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth.
Bacille de la gangrene emphysemateuse pro-
gressive. Bacille de la gangrene gazeuse, Fr.
■.mads maligni, Koch. Bacille de la
gangrene senile, Fr. See Bacillus of senile gangrene,
Tricomi. Bacille de la lepre, Fr. See Bacillus
lepra, Hun-en. Bacille de la malaria, Fr. See
Bacillus malaria, Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. Ba-
cille de la morve, Fr. See Bacillus mallei, Loffler.
Bacille de la necrose du foie des cochins d'inde,
Fr. S Bacillus of necrosis of the liver of guinea-
pigs, Eberth. Bacille de la pest porcine, Fr. See
Bacillus of .'-wine-plague, Marseilles, Rietsch, and
Jobert. Bacille de la pseudo-tuberculose du
lapin, Fr. See Bacillus of pseudo-tuberculosis in
rabbit.-,, Mallassez and Vignal. Bacille de la pyemie,
Fr. See Bacillus of pyemia, Beltzow. Bacille de
la rage, Fr. See Bacillus lysse, Pasteur. Bacille
de la scarlatine, Fr. See Bacillus of scarlet fever,
Crooke. Bacille de la septicemic See Bacillus
of septicemia in man, Klein. Bacille de la septi-
cemic du lapin, Fr. See Bacillus septicemia hemor-
rhagica, Sternberg. Bacille de la septicemic de
la souris, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Loffler,
Schiitz. Bacille de la septicemic gangreneuse de
la grenouille, Legrain, Fr. See Bacillus hydro-
philus fuscus, Sanarelli. Bacille de la sueur des
pieds, Fr. See Bacillus saprogencs, II, Rosenbach,
Bacillus fa'tidus, Passet, and Bacillus graveolens,
Bordoni-UfFreduzzi. Bacille de la syphilis, Fr.
See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacille de la
tuberculose, Fr. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch.
Bacille de la tuberculose des vignes, Fr. See
Bacillus "t tuberculosis of vines, Corvo. Bacille de
la tuberculose zoogleique, Fr. See Bacillus of
pseudo-tuberculosis in rabbits, Mallassez and Vignal.
Bacille de la tetanie, Fr. See Bacillus tetani,
Nicolaier. Bacille de l'erysipele du lapin, Fr.
Bacillus of erysipelas in rabbits, Koch. Bacille
de liborius, Fr. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski.
Bacille de l'cedeme, bacille de l'cedeme malin,
Fr. See Bacillus adematis maligni, Pasteur, Koch.
Bacille de l'uree, lr. See Bacillus urea, Miquel.
Bacille de Lustgarten, Fr. See Bacillus typhilidis,
Lustgarten. Bacille de pneumonie, Fr. See
Bacillus pneumonia friedldnderi. Bacille de Praz-
mowski, Fr. illus butyricus, Prazmowski.

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, i •

live, monom. monomorphic. mot. — motile, ttltof
•ihl. — obligate oscl. = oscillating. pg pathogenic, ph

Bacille des pomme de terre, Fr. See Bacillus
mesentericus vulgatus, Fliigge. Bacille du beri-
beri, Fr. See Bacillus beribericus, De Lacerda.
Bacille du cancer, Fr. See BacUlus of carcinoma,
Rappin and Scheurlen. Bacille du catarrhe con-
jonctival. See Bacillus of conjunctival catarrh, Koch.
Bacille du charbon, Fr. See Bacillus anthracis,
Pollender. Bacille du charbon symptomatique,
Fr. See Bacillus chauvai, Bollingei and Feser,
Bacille du cholera, Fr. See Spirillum cholera
asiatica, Koch. Bacille du cholera des poules,
Fr. See Bacillus septicemia hemorrhagica, Stern
berg. Bacille du erysipele du pore, Fr. See
Bacillus erysipelatos mi . Pasteur. Bacille du farcin
du bceuf, Fr. See Bacillus of Nocard. Bacille du
foin, Fr. See Bacillus subtilis, C'ohn. Bacille du
jequirity, Fr. See Bacillus of jequirity ophthalmia.
Bacille du lait bleu, Fr. See Bacillus cyanogenus,
Hueppe. Bacille du lait jaune, Fr. See Bacillus
synxanthus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du lait rouge, Fr.
Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du
mal rouge, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pas-
teur. Bacille du pain rouge, Fr. See Bacillus
prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du rouget du
pore, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur.
Bacille du pus bleu, Fr. See Bacillus pyocyaneus,
Gessard. Bacille du pus vert, Fr. See Bacillus
pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacille du rhinosclerome,
Fr. See Bacillus rhinoscleromatis, Cornil and Alva-
rez. Bacille du rhumatisme, Fr. See Bacillus
rheumarthriddis, Kussmaul. Bacille du rouge de
morue, Fr. See Bacillus of Dantec. Bacille du
tetanos, Fr. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Bacille
du xerosis conjunctivae, Fr. See Bacillus of xerosis
epithelialis conjunctiva-, I .eber, Kuschbert, and Neisser.
Bacille en virgule, Fr. See Spirillum cholera
asiatica, Koch. Bacille erythrospore, Fr. See
Bacillus erythrosporus , Eidam, Cohn. Bacille muri-
septique, Fr. See /■>',/, illus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur.
Bacille mycoide, Fr. See Bacillus mycoides, Fliigge.
Bacille neapolitaine, Fr. See Bacillus neapolitanus,
Emmerich. Bacille pneumonique, Fr. See Bacillus
pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Bacille puerperale, Fr.
See Bacillus puerperalis, Spillman. Bacille pyogene
fetide, Fr. See Bacillus pyogenes fatidus, Passet.
Bacille rouge de globig, Fr. Bacille rouge de la
pomme de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus
ruber, Globig. Bacille saprogene, Fr. See Bacil'us
saprogenes, Rosenbach. Bacille septique. See
Bacillus septicus, Klein. Bacille septique agri-
gene, Fr. See Bat illus septicus agregenus, Nicolaier.
Bacille typhique, Fr. See Bacillus typlii abdomi-
nalis, Eberth. Bacille virgule, bacille virgule
cholerique, Fr. See Spirillum cholera- asiatica,
Koch. Bacillen der Vergahrung von Kohlenhy-
draten, tier. See Bacilli of fermentation ol carbo
hydrates. Bacillen aus Faeces, ( ier. Microbes of
the feces. Bacilles de la bouche, Fr. Microbes
of the mouth. Bacilles de la fermentation des
carbohydrates, Fr. See Bacilli of fermentation of
carbohydrates. Bacilles de Fair, Fr. Microbes of
the air. Bacilles de l'eau, Fr. Mi< robes of water.
Bacilles de l'intestin, Fr. Microbes ol the intestine.
Bacilles de Purine, Fr. Microbes of the urine.
Bacilles de la terre, Fr. Microbes of the soil.
Bacilles des selles, Fr. Microbes of the feces.
Bacilles du crachat, Fr. Microbes of the sputum.
Bacilles du pus, Fr. Microbes of pus. Bacilles
chromogeniques, Fr. Chromogenic microbes. Ba-

i hromogenic. facanaer. — facultative anaerobic, liqf. liquefac-

non-liquefactive. ntnot. non-motile, nf>g. = non-pathogenic.

phosphorescent, pleotn.- pleomorphic, sap ■ saprophytic.

BACTERIA

159

BACTERIA

cilles fluorescentes, Fr. Fluorescent microbes.
Bacilles pathogeniques, Fr. Pathogenic microbes.
Bacilles du sang, Fr. Microbes ol the blood.
Bacilles du smegma, Fr. Microbes of the smegma.
Bacilles zymogenes, Fr. Zymogenii microbes.
Bacilli zymogeni, 1.. Zymogenii microbes. Ba-
cilli of Butyric Acid Fermentation. Syn., Bacilles
de la fermentation butyrique, Fr.; Bat illen <ler Butter
sauregahrung, Ger. See Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe
and Prazmowski. Bacillus butylicus, Fit/.. Bacilli
of Fermentation of Carbohydrates. Syn., Bacilles
de la fermentation des carbohydrates, Fr. ; Bacillen
der Vergahrung von Kohlenbydraten, Ger. See Bacil-
lus acidi la:tici, Hueppe. Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe
and Prazmowski. Bit illus butyli us, Fitz". Bacillus
dysodes, Zopf. Bacillus polymixa, Prazmowski. Ba-
cilli of Guillebeau (a, b, c), obtained from milk of
cows with mastitis: give rise to apeculiar fermi ntation
of cheese, (a) aer. , facanaer., mot., nliqf.;
aer., facanaer., liqf, mot. : (c) aer., nliqf. Bacilli
of Ice. Syn., Eisbacillen. Microbes of ice. Bacilli
of Pus. Syn., Bacilles du pus, Fr. ; Fiterbacillen,
Ger. Microbes of pus. Bacilli of Putrefaction.
Syn., Faulniss erregende Bacillen, Ger. Microbes of
putrefaction. Bacilli of Sputum. Microbes of the
mouth. Bacilli of the Air. Syn., Bacilles de Pair,
Fr. ; I.uftbacillen, Ger. Microbes of the air. Bacilli
of the Feces. Syn., Bacilles des selles, Fr. ; Kot-
bacillen, Bacillen aus Faeces, Ger. Microbes of the
feces. Bacilli of the Intestine. Syn., Bacilles de
Pintestine, Fr. ; Darmbacillen, Ger. Microbes of the
intestine. Bacilli of the Mouth. Syn., Bacilles de
la bouche, Fr. ; Mundhohlebacillen, Ger. Microbes
of the mouth. Bacilli of the Soil. Syn., Bacilles
de la terre, Fr. ; Erdbacillen, Bodenbacillen, Ger.
Microbes of the soil. Bacilli of the Urine. Syn.,
Bacilles de Purine, Fr. ; Bacillen des Hams, Ger.
Microbes of the urine. Bacilli of Water. Syn. ,
Bacilles de Peau, Fr. ; Wasserbacillen, Ger. Microbes
of water. Bacillo a virgola, Ital. See Spirillum
cholera: asiatica, Koch. Bacillo buterrico, Ital.
See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacillo del
cabonchio, Ital. See Bacillus antkracis, Pol-
lender. Bacillo del carbonchio sintomatico, Ital.
See Bacillus ckauvcei, Bollinger and Feser. Bacillo
del fieno, Ital. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacillo
della malaria, Ital. See Bacil'us ma la rice, Klebs
and Tommasi-Crudeli. Bacillo del mollusco con-
tagioso, Ital. See Bacillus mollusci, Dominico.
Bacillo del sifilide, Ital. See Bacillus syphilidis,
Lustgarten. Bacillo della tuberculosi, Ital. See
Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacillo tifoso, Ital.
See Bacillus typhi abdaminalis, Eberth. Bacillo
tuberculare, Ital. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch.
Bacillo virgolato, Ital. See Spirillum cholera asi-
atiac, Koch. Bacillus a, Vignal. See Bacillus
buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus aceti, Kutzing, Summer.
Syn., Arthrobacterium aceti, De Bary. Bacillus
accticus, Fliigge; Bacterie du vinaigre ; Bacterium
aceti, Lanzi. Bacterium der Essiggahrung ; Essigfer-
ment ; Essigpilz ; Micrococcus aceti; Mycoderma
aceti, Pasteur. Mycoderme du vinaigre. Ulvina aceti,
Kiitzing. Found in air and vinegar; common. Large
cylindrical cells of varying size. Absorbs oxygen
from air and oxidizes alcohol to acetic acid ; produce^
vinegar; may, by further oxidation, convert this into
carbonic acid and water, aer., nliqf., mot., i;
pleom. Cf. Bacillus pasteurianum, Hansen; Bacte-
rium xylinum, A. J. Brown. Bacillus aceticus,

Miigge. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing. Bacillus
acidiformans, Sternberg. Obtained from the 1
of a yellow idaver. aer., facanaer., ?ili

nmot.,pg. Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Syn ,
Bacterium lac/is. Lister. Bacterie OU Bacilli- de
la fermentation lactique, Fr. ; Bacterium der Milch-
sauregihrung, Ger. found in the air and in sour
milk. , aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Ba-
cillus actinobacter, Luclaux. Syn., Actit
polymorphus. A minute cap.^ulated bacillus, ren-
dering milk gelatinous and ropy, aer., nmot.
l;,i illus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacillus aero-
genes, I, II, III, Miller. Syn., Bacterium >■■
genes, Miller. Helicobacterium aerogenes, Miller.
Three small bacilli from the alimentary tract of
healthy persons, aer., nliqf., mot. ,np llus

laa, . I cherich. Bacillus aerogenes

capsulatus, Welch and Nuttall. found in the blood-
vessels in a i ase of thoracic aneurysm, anaer., nliqf.,
nmot., npg. Bacillus aerophilus, Li bonus. Ob-
tained from the air. aer., liqf, nmot., npg. Syn ,
Bacillc aerophile, Fr. Bacillus
Bacillus pyo, van u . Gessard. Bacillus albuminis,
Bienstock. Found abundantly in feces. I >■
albumin, hence its name. aer. , mot., npg. Bacillus
albus, Becker, Fisenberg. The white bacillus of
water. Weisser Bacillus aus Wasser, Ger. aer. , nliqf.,
mot., npg. Bacillus albus anaerobiescen3,Vaughan.
Found in water, aer., facan if, nmot., npg.

Bacillus aibus cadaveris, Strassmann and Strieker.
Found in blood of cadaver, aer. , liqf. , mot. .
Bacillus albus putridis, De Bary. Found in water.
aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus allantoides, Klein.
Obtained from the air. aer., mot., npg. Not suffi-
ciently studied. Bacillus allii, Griffiths. Syn.,
Bacterium allii. Found on surface of decaying onions.
aer., dig. (green), npg. Bacillus alvei, Cheshire
and Cheyne. Syn , Bacillus preussii. Ciesiekki.
Bacillus melittofthorus, Cohn. Bacillus of foul brood.
Bacillus der Faulbrut, < ier. Obtained from bee larv e
infected with "foul brood." aer. , facanaer., liqf,
mot. . Uso pathogenic for mice and guinea ]

Cf. Bacillus of Canestrini. Bacillus amylobacter.
Van Tieghem. See Bacillus butyricus. Prazmowski.
Bacillus amylovorous , Burrill. See BaciUus butyn
Botkin, Prazmowski. Bacillus amylozyma, Perdrix.
Found in hydrant water | Paris). . nliqf'., mot.

Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus anaero-
bicus liquefaciens, Sternberg. < obtained from con-
tents of intestine of yellow fever cadaver, anaer.,
liqf. , nmot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus
anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Syn., Bacterium
anthracicum, Bollinger. Bacterium an 'lira is, Zopf
Bacterium carbunculare , Pollender, Brauell, Dela-
fond. Davaine. Metallacter antAracis,Trevisan. Ba-
cille du charbon, Fr. ; Bacteridie charbonneuse, Fr.;
Bacteridie du charbon, Fr. : Bacillus anthracis e car-
bonchio, Bacillo del carbonichio, It. ; Milzbrand-
bacillus, < -er. Bacillus of Braxy. Found in the
blood of animals and persons infected with anthrax.
aer., facanaer.. Bacillus aquaticus

liquefaciens, Pokrowsky. Found in river water
I Kurai. and hydrant water (Tiflis). Bacillus aqua-
tilis, Frankland. Found in well-water in the chalk-
formations of Kent, Eng. aer., liqf., mot., n
Bacillus aquatilis sulcatus, I, II. III. IV . V.
Weichselbaum. Found in hydrant water (Vienna).
.?.?>-. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. . Bacillus arbo-

rescens, Frankland. Pound in hydrant water | Lon-

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chcr. = chromnfcenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, liqf. = liqupfac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic.
obk=~ obligate. oscl. = oscillating, pa = pathogenic. />h>>s. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic

i; At I I.KIA

ltitl

BA< I ERIA

don), ae irange red), npg. Bacil-

lus argenteo-phosphorescens, I. II. Ill, Katz.
Obtained respectively from s.-a water, phosphorescent
pieces of fish, and cuttle-fish (Sydney, N. S. W i.
air., nliqf., xcept II Bacillus

argenteo-phosphorescens liquefaciens, Katz. < lb
tained from sea-water, mar Sydney, X. S. W.

. npg. Bacillus auran-
tiacus, Frankland. Found in well-water, air., nliqf.,
mot., Bacillus aureus, Adaniet/.

Found in water: also on the skin in cases of eczema

orrhceicum, Lima ami Tommasoli. air., nliqf.,
;olden yellow). Bacillus b, Vignal. See
alis, Vignal. Bacillus B., Hofmann.
Found in the larvae of Liparis monacka. The cause of
Flacherie, or Schlaffsucht. Bacillus bei Diphtherie
des Menschen, < m r. See Ba illus diphtheria, Klebs
and Loftier. Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchen,
Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchenohr, tier.
See/)'.' illuseryi • leporis, Koch. Bacillus bei

Lichen ruber, Ger. See Bacillus of Lichen ruber,
Laser. Bacillus bei Keuchhusten, ( ier. Seefiacil-
iuslussis con . Afanassiew. Bacillus beri-beri-

cus, Lacerda. Syn. , Micrococcus of beri-beri, I.acerda,

sseria, Winkleri. Bacille du beri-beri, Fr. Bacil-
lus"!' Beri-beri, Eykmann. Found by I.acerda, Pekel-
haring, and Winkler, in the blood of persons affected
with beri-beri. Negative results were obtained by Eyk-
mann and Sternberg. The disease is now held to be
identical with dochmiasis, produced by the nematode
worm Do hmius duodenalis, Leuckart. See Beri-beri.
Bacillus berolinensis indicus, Classen. Found in
water of the Spree, air., nliqf., mot., chg. (indigo-
blue i . npg. Bacillus bienstockii, Bienstock. Found
in human feces, mot., fig. Bacillus brassicae, Pom-
mer. Found in infusions of cabbage-leaves, aer. , facan-
aer. ,liqf, nntot., npg. Bacillus brunneus, Adametz
and Weichmann. Found in water. aer., facanaer.,
nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Syn..
Bacillus ulna, Vignal. Bacillus a, Vignal; Bacillus b,
Vignal ; Bacillus /' Vignal ; Bacillus g, Vignal ; Bacillus
j, Vignal. Bacillus buccalis fortuitus, Vignal. Bacillus
buccalis minutus, Vignal. Leptothrix buccalis, Vignal.
From the salivary secretions of healthy persons, aer.,
liqf.,npg.,chg. (golden yellow). Bacillus buccalis ,
maximus, Miller. Found in the mouth of man.
Common. Biologic characters undetermined. Ba-
cillus buccalis minutus, Vignal. See Bacillus
but alis, Vignal. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Syn.,
Bacille butylique, Fr. See Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe.
Bacillus butyricus, Botkin, Hueppe, Prazmowski.
( tbtained from milk, hydrant water and well-water, old
se, garden earth, dust, etc. Syn., Actinobacter
polymorphus, Duclaux. Amylobacter Clostridium,
Trecul. Bacillus actinobacter, Duclaux. Bacillus
amylobacter, Van Tieghem. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz.
Bacterium navicula, Reinke and Berthold. Clostridi-
um butyricum, Prazmowski. Micrococcus amylovo-
. Burrill. Vihrione butyrique, Pasteur. Bacille
de la fermentation butyrique, Bacille de Liborius,
Bacille de Prazmowski, Bacteriede la fermentation bu-
tyrique, Fr.; Bacillo buterrico, I tab Bacterium der But
tersauregahrung, Butterbacillus, I luttersaurebacillus,
Fettbacillus, Liborius' Buttersaure bildender Bacillus,
Kartoffelfaiilebacillus, tier. Butylbacillus ; Bacillus
of butyric acid fermentation; bacillus of fire blight;
1'k illus of pear-blight ; Micrococcus of apple-blight ;
Micrococcus of pear-blight. One of the most widely
diffused forms, exceedingly important and varied in

its powers of decomposition. It is typicall) anaerobic
and the chief of all the ferments giving rise to butyric
acid a- a primary product. It plays an important
pari in the human economy and in the destruction
■ ■I plan) cellulose, botkin regards the form observed
by him as distinct, air., facanaer., liqf, mot., npg.,

"i. Bacillus butyri rluorescens, Lafar. Occur-
ring in every sample of natural butter examined.
Bacterium butyri colloideum, Lafar. Bacillus
. Winkler and Schroter. Bacillus butyri
viscosus, Lafar. Found in butter, air. , nliqf , n
Bacillus cadaveris, Sternberg ; obtained from yellow
tevn cadavers, obi. , anair. (strict), nmot., pg. Bacillus
canalis capsulatus, Mori, found in sewer water.
air. . fac anair., nliqf., nmot., pg. (for mice; guinea
pigs, and rabbits immune). Bacillus canalis parvus,
Mori. Found in sewer water, air., nliqf, nmot.,

i for mice and guinea pigs). Bacillus candicans,
Frankland. found in soil, air., nliqf, nmot., npg.
Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Obtained from the
blood of a guinea pig. air., facanair., nliqf, nmot.,
pg. (for white mice and house mice, guinea pig-.
rabbits and pigeons (septicemia). Cf. Capsule ba-
cillus of Loeb. Bacillus capsulatus mucosus,
Fasching. Found in the nasal secretions of man in
cases of influenza, air. , facanair., nmot. , nliqf ,pg.
(for white mice ami field mice), npg. (for rabbits and
pigeons). Bacillus capsulatus smithii. a, b, c, Theo-
bald Smith. Syn. , Capsule bacillus of Smith, bound
in the intestines of swine, air. , facanaer. , nliqf , nmot. ,
npg. According to Smith, possibly identical with Ba-
cillus lac/is airogenes, Escherich. Bacillus carabi-
formis, Kaczynsky. Found in the stomach of meat-
fed dogs, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus carotarum,
A. Koch. Obtained from cooked carrots and sugar
beets, air., liqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus catenula,
Duclaux. Syn. , / yrolkrix cannula, bound in cheese.
anair. (will however grow in air), nmot.. npg.
Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Syn., Bacterium cau-
casicum. Dispora caueasica, Kern. Grains de Ke-
phyr, Fr. ; Kefirbacillus, Ketirferment, Kefirpilz-
glomerat, Hirse des Propheten, Oer. Used in the
preparation of the peculiar milk-wine, " Kefir."
air., facanaer., nmot., npg. Bacillus cavicida,
Brieger. See Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Bacillus
cavicida havaniensis, Sternberg. < Ibtained from
intestine of yellow fever cadaver, air., facanaer. ,
nliqf, mot. Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Syn.,
Bacillus cavicida. brieger s bacillus. Bacillus de
Brieger, bacterie de la fermentation propionicjue, Fr.
Obtained from human feces, air., facanaer., nliqf.,
pg. (not for rabbits or mice). Perhaps identical with
Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacillus caviae
fortuitus, Sternberg. bound in exudates of guinea
pig inoculated with liver from yellow fever cadaver.
air., facanaer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus chau-
vaei, Bollinger and Feser, Arloing, Cornevin, and
Thomas. Syn., Bacillus of symptomatic anthrax.
Bacille du charbon symptomatique, Bacteridie du
charbon symptomatique, Fr. ; Rauschbrandbacillus,
Bacillus des Rauschbrandes, Ger. ; Bacillo del car-
bonchio sintomatico, Ital. Clostridium of sympto-
matic anthrax. Neelsen and Ehlers Found in
tissues of cattle suffering from symptomatic anthrax,
"black leg," or "quarter evil." anair., liqf,
mot., pg. Bacillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Syn.,
Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary. Ba terium
chlorinum, Engelmann. found in infusions of de-
caying vegetable matter, ai) . , sap. , chg. i green i . npg.

Abbreviations. — aer. -aerobic anaer. = anaerobic, dr.; • liromoRenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, liqf. •- lique-
(active, monom = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liqnefactive nmot. = non-motile, npg. non-pathogenic.
£>£/. = obligate, oscl. — oscillating, pg. - pathogenic, phos. — phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic. iprophytic.

BACTERIA

161

liAC'l KRIA

Bacillus cholerae asiaticae, Koch. See Spirillum
cholera asiatica, Koch. Bacillus cholerae galli-
narum, Fliigge. See Bacillus septicemia hamor-
rhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus chromo-aromaticus,
Galtier. Obtained from the carcass of a diseased pig.
a'er. , facanaer. , liqf , mot. , pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus
circulans, Jordan. Found in the water of Merrimac
River, a'er., facanaSr., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus
citreus. See Ascobacillus citreus, L'nna and Tom-
masoli. .Bacillus citreus cadaveris, Strassmann.
Round in cadaver, aer. , liqf., nmot., chg. (yellow).
Bacillus claviformis, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix
claviformis, Duclaux. Found in fermenting casein.
anaer., pg. Bacillus cloacae, Jordan. One of the
most common microbes in sewage. a'er., facana
liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus cceruleus, Smith. Found
in river water (Schuylkill), aer., liqf., chg. (bin
npg. Bacillus coli communis. See Bacillus nea-
politanus, Emmerich. Bacillus coli similis, Stern-
berg. Obtained from human liver, aer., facanaer.,
nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus constrictus, Zim-
mermann. Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf . ,
mot., chg. (cadmium yellow), npg. Bacillus copro-
genes fcetidus, Schottelius. Syn., Darmbacillus
von Schottelius, Ger. ; Bacille coprogene fetide, IV.
Obtained from intestinal contents of pigs dead of
malignant erysipelas, aer. , nliqf.. nmot., pg. Ba-
cillus coprogenes parvus. Syn., Mausesepti-
kamieahnlicher Bacillus, Eisenberg. Obtained from
human feces. a'er., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus
crassus, Van Tieghem. The broadest known
bacterium, 4 //. mot., npg. Bacillus crassus
sputigenus, Kreibohm. Syn. , Bacillus sputigenus
crassus. From the sputum and tongue of man. aer. ,
nliqf. , nmot., pg. Bacillus crystallosus. Bacillus
cuneatus. Syn., Bacterium cuncatum, Rivolta. Found
in the blood and viscera of horses, cattle, and dogs
dead of septic processes, pg. Bacillus cuniculicida,
Fliigge. Bacillus cuniculicidus, Koch. See Bacil-
lus septicemia hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus
cuniculicida havaniensis, Sternberg. Found in
viscera of yellow fever cadavers, aer. . fa anaer. , nliqf
psf. Bacillus cuticularis, Tils. Found in water, aer.,
liqf. , mot. , chg. (yellow) , npg. Bacillus cyaneo
phosphorescens, Katz. Obtained from sea water
(Australia), aer., facanaer. , liqf, mot., pkos. , chg.
(greenish), npg. Bacillus cyanofuscus, Beyerinck.
Obtained from glue and Edam cheese, aer., chg. , (green,
changing to blue, brown, black), liqf, mot., npg.
Bacillus cyanogenus, F'uchs. Hueppe, Neelsen.
Syn., Bacillus lactis cyanogenus. Bacillus syncyanum.
Bacterium cyanogenum, Fuchs, Bacterium syncy-
anum, Ehrenberg, Schroter. Vibrio cyanogenus,
F'uchs. Vibrio syncyanus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du
lait blue, Bacille cyanogene, Microbe du lait blue,
Fr. Pilz der blauen Milch, Ger. Bacillus of
blue milk. F"ound in milk. aer., nliqf, mot.,
chg. (grayish blue), npg. Bacillus cystiformis,
Clado. F'ound in urine of patient with cystitis, aer. ,
nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus delicatulus, Jordan.
Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). a
liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus dentalis viridans,
Miller. Syn., Miller's bacillus. Found in carious
dentine, aer., facanaer., nliqf. , pg. Bacillus deni-
trificans, Giltay and Aberson. Obtained from the
soil, air, and sewage, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Cf.
Bacterium denitrificans, Gayon and Dupetit. Bacil-
lus der Akne contagiosa des Pferdes. See Bacil-
lus of horse pox. Bacillus der amerikanischen

Rinderseuche,Canerva. See Bacillus of swine plague,
Marseilles. Bacillus des Bindehautcatarrhs, Koch.
See Bacillus of conjunctival catarrh. Bacillus der
blauen Milch. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs.
Bacillus der Buffelseuche, Oreste, Armenni.
Ba illus septicemia hemorrhagica , Sternberg. Bacil-
lus der Buttersauregahrung. See Bacillus bulyri-
, 11 , Prazmowski. Bacillus der Chyluria. See
Bacillus of chyluria, Wilson. Bacillus der Dachs-
leber, Marpmann. Found in the necrotic por-
tions from the abscesses in the liver of a badger.
Bacillus der Eiweisszersetzung. See Bacillus
putrificui coli, Bienstock. Bacillus der Faulbrut.
See Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacil-
lus der Frettchenseuche (ferret disease), Eberth
and Schimmelbusch. See Bacillus of swine plague,
Marseilles. Bacillus des gelben Fiebers.
Bacillus of yellow fever. Bacillus der Hadern-
krankheit. See Bacillus hominis capsulatus, Bordoni-
Uffreduzzi. Bacillus der Harnstoffgahrung.
Bacillus uree, Leube. Bacillus der Hiihner-
cholera. See Bacillus septicemie kemon
Sternberg. Bacillus der Jequirity Opthalmie,
• rer. See Bacillus of jequirity ophthalmia, De
Wecker. Bacillus der Kalberdiphtherie, Ger.
See Bacillus diphtheria vitulorum, LSffler. Bacillus
der Kaninchenseptikamie, Koch. See
septicemic hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus der
Lepra. See Bacillus lepra, Hansen. Bacillus
der Lungen des Rindviehs, Ger. See Bacillus
of the lungs of cattle, Lustig. Bacillus der Mala-
ria, Ger. See Bacillus malaria, Klebs and Tommasi
Crudeli. Bacillus der Mauseseptikamie. See
Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Sternberg. Bacillus der
Pseudotuberculose der Kaninchen, Ger. See
Bacillus of pseudotuberculosis in rabbits. Bacillus
des Puerperalfiebers, Ger. See Bacillus puerpera lis .
Engel and Spillman. Bacillus der Pyamie, Ger. See
Bacillus of pyemia, Beltzow. Bacillus der Rinder-
seuche, Kitt. , Ger. See Bacillus septicemia hemor-
rhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus der roten Milch.
See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus der
schleimigen Milch, Loftier, Ger. See Bacillus lactis
pituitosi, Loftier. Bacillus der Schweinepest, Ger.
See Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis , Klein. Bacil-
lus der Schweineseuche, Loffler and Schutz. See
Bacillus septicemia hamorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacil-
lus der Schweineseuche Marseilles, Rietsch and
Jobert. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles.
Bacillus der Septikamie bei Mausen, Ger. See
Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Sternberg. Bacillus der
Taubendiphtherie. See Bacillus diphtheric colum-
barum, Loffler. Bacillus der Wildseuche, Hueppe,
Ger. See Bacillus septicemia hamorrhagica, Stern-
berg. Bacillus der Wurmkrankheit. See Bacillus
of Nocard. Bacillus der Xerosis epithelialis con-
junctivae. See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunc-
tivae, Leber, Kuschbert, and Neisser. Bacillus des
Aussatzes, Ger. See Bacillus lepra, Hansen.
Bacillus des Blutes, Ger. See Bacillus of the
blood. Bacillus des Erysipelas malignum beim
Schwein, Ger. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Stern-
berg. Bacillus des Gefliigeltyphoid, Ger. See
Bacillus septicemia hamorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacil-
lus des griinblauen Eiters, Ger., also Bacillus
des grunen Eiters. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Ges-
sard. Bacillus des Harns, Ger. Microbe of the
urine. Bacillus des Keuchhustens, Ger. See
Bacillus tussis convulsive, Afanassiew. Bacillus des

Abbreviations. — a'er. = aerobic, anaer = anaerobic, chg. =chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, liqf. — liquefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile nliqf = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating, pg. = pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent. pleom.= pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic,
II

BACTERIA

162

BACTERIA

Milchfaeces, Bacillus des Milchkotes. Ger. See
Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich, and Bacillus lactis
Escherich. Bacillus des Pseudo-
schweinerotlaufs, ( rer. See Bacillus parvus

. I offler. Bacillus des Rauschbrandes, ( it r.
See Ba illus chauvari, Bollinger and Feser. Bacil-
lus des Rhinoscleroms, Ger. See Bacillus rhino-
scleromatis, Cornil and Alvarez. Bacillus des
roten Brodes, Ger. S< ■< nts,

Ehrenberg. Bacillus des Rotzes. See Bacillus
mallei, I. oilier. Bacillus des Schweinerotlaufs,
ffler and Schiitz,! rer. S3 n. , Bacillus erysipelatos suis,
mberg. Bacillus des Wundstarrkrampfes,
Ger. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Bacillus de-
vorans, Zimmermann. Found in well water, aer.,
in'aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus diffusus,
Frankland. Found in the si >il . aer., liqf., n
Bacillus diphtheriae, Klebs and Loffler. Syn. , i
cillus diphtheriticus , Bacillus diphtheritidis, Micro-
coccus diphtheriticus, Cohn. Bacillus bei Diphtherie
des Menschen, Bacterie der Diphtherie, Ger. Bacille
de la diphtherie, Ba< terie de la diphtherie, Fr. Found
in diphtheritic false membranes. aer., nliqf, nmot.,
facanaer., pg. Bacillus diphtheriae columbarum,
I. offler. Bacillus der Taubendiphtherie, Bacterium
der 1 hphtherie bei Menschen und Tauben, Ger.
Bacille de la diphtherie des pigeons, Fr. From the
pseudomembraneg in the mouths of pigeons infected
with pigeon diphtheria. aer. , nliqf., nmot., pg.
Bacillus diphtheriae vitulorum, Loffler. Bacille de
la diphtherie des veaux, Fr. Bacillus der Kalber-
diphtherie, Ger. From the pseudomembranes in the
mouths of calves infected with epidemic diphtheria ;
culture experiments unsuccessful. pg. Rabbits and
guinea pigs immune. Bacillus diphtheriticus, Ba-
cillus diphtheridis, Bacillus diphtheritis. See
illus diphtheria, Klebs and 1. offler. Bacillus
distortus, Duclaux. Sya.,7yroth?ixdistortus. Found
in milk and cheese, aer., mot., npg. Bacillus
dysenteriae, Chantemesse and Widal. Syn., Bacille
de la dysenterie epidemique ; Microbe de la dysenterie
epidemique, Fr. Found in the intestinal contents and
viscera of dysentery cadavers. aer. , nliqf. , pg.
Bacillus dysodes, Zopf. Syn., Bacterium '

Found in yeast, inducing fermentative changes in
bread, causing it to smell disagreeably and to become
greasy and unfit for use. Bacillus Emmerich. See
illus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacillus endo-
carditidis capsulatus, Weichselbaum. From viscera
of man who died of endocarditis with thrombi, aer. ,
nliqf., pg. Bacillus endocarditidis griseus, Weich-
selbaum. From the heart in a case of endocarditis
recurrens ulcerosa, aer.. nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus
enteritidis, < Partner, obtained from the tissues of a
cow killed on account of sickness' attended with
mucous diarrhea, and from the spleen of a man who
died shortly after eating of the flesh of this cow.
., nliqf, mot., pg. I>ogs, cats, chickens, and
rrows are immune. Bacillus epidermidis, Bizzo
o. Syn.. Leptotkrix epidermidis. Microsporon min
nmum, Burchart. From the epidermis between the
toes, aer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus epidermidis, Boi
doni-Uffreduzzi. See Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus
Epsilon, von Miller. See Spirillum. Finkler-Prior.
Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch, I.uliler, Schiitz,
Pasteur. Syn., Bacillus erysipelas malignum, Bacillus
minimus, Bacillus murisepticus , Miigge. Bacillus
septicus, Koch. Bacille de la septicemic de la souris,
Bacille du erysipele du pore, Bacille du mal rouge,

Bacille du rouget du pore, Pasteur, Bacille murisep-
tique, Fr. Bacillus der Mauseseptikamie, Koch.

Bacillus des Rotlaufs, Bacillus des Schweinei.it

laufs, Loffler, Schiitz. Rotlauf bacillus, Ger. Bacillus
oi mouse septicemia. Bacillusof hog erysipelas. First
obtained by Koch by injecting putrefying flesh beneath

the skin of mice, afterward bj Loffler and Schiitz from
carcasses of swine dead of " Rotlauf." aer., faca-
naer., nliqf, pg. Bacillus erysipelatos leporis,
Koch. Syn., Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchen,
Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchenohr, Ger. Bacille
de l'erysipele du lapin, Fr. Bacillus of erysipelas in
the rabbit, bound in the erysipelatous inflammation
in a rabbit's ear caused by the injection of mouse's
dung. Bacillus erythrosporus, Eidam, Cohn, and
Millet. Syn . Bacille erythrosopore, It. Found in
putrefying albuminous fluids, water, etc. aer. , nliqf,
mot., chg. (greenish yellow, fluorescent), npg. Ba-
cillus ethaceticus, Frankland. Cause of fermentation
ofarabinose. Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, E.
Klein, Schiitz, Salmon, Cornil, Chantemesse, Selander.
Syn., Microbe der Schweinspocken, Oer. ; Bacille de
la pneumo-enterite du pore, Fr. Bacillus of hog
cholera. Found in the intestinal contents, blood, and
viscera of swine dead of hog cholera, aer. , fat anaer. ,
nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus j\ Yignal. See Bacillus
buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus facultatus, Sadebeck and
]•'.. FrSnkel. Found in non-malignant pharyngeal
mycosis. Bacillus figurans, Crookshank. See Ba-
cillus mesentericus vulgatus. Bacillus figurans,
Vaughan. Found in water, air., liqf., mot., npg.
Bacillus filiformis, I Hiclaux. Syn. , Tyrothrix fili-
formis. Found in cheese and milk. aer. , mot., npg.
Bacillus filiformis, Tils. Found in water, aer.,
liqf, oscl., npg. Bacillus filiformis havaniensis,
Sternberg. From the liver of a yellow fever cadaver.
anaer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus fit-
zianus, Zopf. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacillus
flavescens, Pohl. Found in swamp water, aer. ,
nliqf., chg. (yellow). Bacillus foetidus, Liborius.
Syn., Bacterium fatidum. Clostridium foetidus, Libo-
rius. Corpuscles brillants, Micrococci of S. Le. M.
Moore. Obtained from soil. anaer, liqf, mot.
Bacillus foetidus lactis, Jensen. From milk, aer.,
nliqf, npg. Bacillus fcetidus ozaenae, I Iajek. Ob-
tained from nasal secretions of patients with ozena.
aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus flavoco-
riaceus, Eisenberg. Syn., Sulphur yellow bacillus
(Adametz). found in water, air., nliqf, nmot.,
chg. (sulphur yellow), npg. Bacillus flavus, Mace.
Found in drinking water. aer., liqf., chg. (golden
yellow), nmot. Bacillus fluorescens aureus, Zim-
mermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), air.,
nliqf., mot., chg. (ocher yellow), npg. Bacillus fluo-
rescens longus, Zimmermann. bound in hydrant
water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., /not., dig. (grayish
yellow), npg. Bacillus fluorescens liquefaciens,
Fliigge. ( ommon in water and putrefying infusions.
aer., liqf, mot., chg. (greenish yellow), npg. Cf.
Bacillus riscosus, Frankland. Bacillus fluorescens
■ liquefaciens minutissimus, Cnna and Tommasoli.
Found upon skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum.
aer. , facanair., liqf, mot., dig., (greenish yellow 1,
n . Possibly identical with the preceding spei i
Bacillus fluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Syn., /.',/
cillus nivalis, Gletscher bacillus, Olacier bacillus.
Found in snow and ice water from Norwegian
glaciers, aer., liqf. , mo/., dig. (bluish green), npg.
Bacillus fluorescens non liquefaciens, Schiller.

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. =■ anaerobic, die;. ^= chromogenic. facanaer. facultative anaerobic. //>//". — -liquefac-
tive. niomim. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. non-motile, npg. — non-pathogenic.
obi. —obligate, oscl. — oscillating. pg. = pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleotn. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

BACTERIA

ig:j

i:.\( tkkia

Found in water, aer. , nliqf, nmot., chg. (greenish
yellow), npg. According t<> Baumgarten identical
with the Bacillus of Lesage. Bacillus fluorescens
putidus, Fliigge. I'ound in water. aer., nl
mot., chg. (greenish), npg. Bacillus fluorescens
tenuis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water
(Chemnitz). aer., nliqf., nmot., cli ■> enish yel
low), npg. Bacillus fcetidus, Passet. Syn.,
terium fcetidum, Thin. Clostridium fcetidum, Libo-
rius. Corpuscles brillants. Found in cases of i
sweating feet, in the exudations of mice inoculated
with garden earth, and in cases of malignant
edema, ana'er. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus fcetidus
lactis, Jensen. Found in milk, aer., nliqf., npg.
Resembles Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacil-
lus fulvus, Zimmermann. Found in hyi iter,
(i hemnitz). aer., liqf, nm t.,chg. (gamboge yell
npg. Bacillus fuscus. Obtained from a putrefying
infusion of maize, from the air, etc. Cf. Bacterium
brunneum, Schroter. Bacillus fuscus limbatus,
S< heibenzuber. Obtained from rotten eggs, aer.,
facanaer., nliqf, mot., dig. (brown), npg. Bacillus
galinarum, Klein. Found in blood of chickens
dead of a disease resembling chicken cholera.
nliqf. ,nmot.,pg. Bacillus gasoformans, Eisenberg.
Found in water, aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., npg.
Bacillus gaytoni, Cheshire. The cause of a disease
of honey-bees. Cf. Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and
Cheyne. Bacillus geniculatus, De Bary. Syn.,
Tyrothrix geniculatus, Duclaux, Bacterium en zig-
ag, Fr. Found in the contents of the stomach, aer. ,
nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus gingivae, Miller. Ba-
cillus gingivae pyogenes, Miller. See Bacterium
gingiva pyogenes, Miller. Found in a filthy mouth,
and in purulent dental pulp, aer., facanaer., liqf.,
pg. (for white mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits). Ba-
cillus glaucus, Maschek. Found in water, aer.,
liqf., nmot.,chg. (gray), npg. Bacillus gliscroge-
num. See Bacterium gliscrogenum, Malerba. Bacil-
lus glycerinae, Buchner. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn.
Bacillus gracilis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant
water, (Chemnitz), aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , osc/., npg.
Bacillus gracilis anaerobiescens, Vaughan. Found
in water, aer. . facanaer. , nliqf., mo'., npg. Bacillus
gracilis cadaveris, Sternberg. Obtained in human
liver, aer. , facanaer., nmot., nliqf. , pg. Bacillus
granulosus, Russel. Found in mud (Bay of Naples).
aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , nmot. Pathogenesis not deter-
mined. Bacillus graveolens, Bordoni and Uffre-
duzzi. .Syn., Bacille de la sueur des pieds, Fr. Com-
pare Bacillus saprogenes, II, Rosenbach, and Bacillus
fcetidus, Passet. Found on epidermis between the toes
of man. aer., liqf-, npg. Bacillus guttatus, Zim-
mermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), a
facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus halophilus,
Russel. Obtained from water and mud I Bay oi
Naples), aer., liqf , mot. Pathogenesis not determined.
Bacillus hansenii, Raspmussen. Found in various
nutrient liquids. aer., mo! , die', (chrome yellow to
yellowish brown). Bacillus havaniensis, Sternberg.
Syn. , Micrococcus havaniensis, (?) Steinberg. Bacil-
lus havaniensis liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained
from the surface of the body of patients in the hospital
at Havana, aer., nliqf., chg. (blood-red). Bacillus
helvolus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water
i ( hemnitz). aer., liqf, mot. (rotary only), chg. | Naples
yellow), npg. Bacillus heminecrobiophilus, At
loing. Found in a caseous lymphatic gland of a guinea
pig. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus

hepaticus fortuitus, Sternberg, obtained from the
exudations of a guinea pig inoculated with liver from a
yellow fever patient, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus
hessii, Guillebeau. Found in cow's milk, aer., I
mot. I rmined. Bacillus homi-

nis capsulatus, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Syn., /'

. Band. Proteus hominis capsulatus,
Bordoni Uffreduzzi. Bacillus der Hadernkrankheit,
Bai illus of rag-picker's diseas I obtained from persons
dead from i i ise. aer., nliqf, nm

/;r. Bacillus hyacinthi septicus, Heinz. Found in
diseased hyacinths, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot.,n
Cf. Bacterium hyacinthi, Wakker. Bacillus hya-
linus, Jordan. Found in hydrant water ( Lawrence,
Mass.). aer. , i f., mot., npg. Reduces

nitrates rapidly. Bacillus hydrophilus fuscus,
Sanerelli. Syn. , Bacille de la septicemic gan ^reneuse de
la grenouille , Legrain. From the lymph of •
fr< igs. aer., liqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus implexus, Zim-
mermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz) .
liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus incanus, Pohl. Found in
swamp-water, aer. Jin'., mot. Not sufficiently studied.
Bacillus indicus, Koch. Syn., Bacillus indicus
ruber, Koch. Micrococcus indicus, Koch. F'ound in
the intestinal contents of a monkey, aer., facana
liqf, mot., chg. (brick-red rrabbits). Bacillus

indigoferus, < lassen. F'ound in river water 3pn
aer. , nliqf, mot., dig. (deep indigo blue), npg.
Bacillus indigogenus, Alvarez. Found in an in-
fusion of the leaves of the indigo plant. ( Indigofera
tinctoria, I..), aer., mot. chg. (indigo blue),
Bacillus inflatus, A. Koch. Obtained from the
air. aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus intestinus
motilis, Sternberg. From the intestinal contents of
yellow fever cadavers, aer. , facanaer., n if., mot.,
npg. Bacillus inunctus, Pohl. Found in swamp
water, aer., fa . liqf, mot. Pathogenesis not

determined. Bacillus invisibilis, Vaughan. Found
in water, aer. , facanaer. . nliqf. . in, >t. . n '• . Bacillus
iodococcus vaginatus, Miller. See lodo.c
vaginalus. Bacillus iris, Frick. aer., nliqf., nmot.
(green), npg. Bacillus janthinus, Zopf. Syn., Bac-
terium janthinus, Zopf. Violet bacillus, found in
sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., liqf, mot., dig.
(blui>h violet), npg. Bacillus kaukasicus, Ger.
Si - Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Bacillus klebsii.
See Bacillus syphilid^. Lu-tgarten. Bacillus lacti-
cus, Pasteur. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe.
Bacillus lactis aerogenes, F.scherich and Abelou-.
Syn., Bacillus ae • 'is capsulatus. Smith.

Bacterium lactis aerogenes, F^scherich. Bacille aero-
gene, Fr. ; Bacillus des Milchkotes, Bacillus des
Milchfaeces, Ger. Found in the stomach and in-
testine of healthy adults. aer., facanaer., nliqf,
npg. Bacillus lactis albus. Loftier. Found in
milk, aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus lactis cy-
anogenus. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Ba-
cillus lactis erythrogenes, Hueppe and Baginsky.
Syn., Bacillus of red milk. F'ound in milk and the
feces of a child, aer. , liqf, nmot., cl/e: (yellow and
red), npg. Bacillus lactis pituitosi. I. ottler. Syn.,
Bacillus lactis viscosus, Adametz, Loffler'che Bacil-
lus der schleimigen Milch. Found in milk, a
nliqf, npg. Bacillus lactis viscosus, Adametz.
Found in ropy milk. aer. , nliqf, nmot., npg. Capsu-
lated. Bacillus latericeus. Eisenberg. Syn., Ziegelro-
ter bacillus, Adametz. Found in water, air., nliqf.,
I brick red), npg. Bacillus leioder-
mos, Loftier. Syn., Bacillus liodermos, Fliigge.

Abbreviations.— aer. = aerobic, anaer.-- anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, liqf. = liquefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg: = non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating. pg.= pathogenic, phos = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

BACTERIA

KM

BA< I ERIA

Glatthautbildender Kartoffelbacillus, Gummibacillus.
Found in milk. aer. . liqr'., m Bacillus

leporis lethalis, Gibier and Sternberg. From the
intestinal contents of yellow fever patients, aer., Hqf,
Bacillus leprae, Armauer and Hansen.
, Aussatzbat illus, Bacillus der 1 epra, Bacillus des
\u ; Bacille de la lepre, Fr. ; Bacillo

della lebbra, It. Found in leprous tubercles. Can
nol be cultivated in ordinary media. Specific patho-
genesis settled by inoculation of .1 condemned criminal.
Bacillus leptosporus, L. Klein. Obtained from
the air ot., npg. Bacillus lethalis, Babes.

Syn., Proteus lethalis. Proteus bei LungengangrSne
des Menschen. Obtained from spleen and lung of
patient dead of septicemia, aer., facanaer., liqf,
mot., pg. Bacillus limbatus acidi lactici, Marp-
mann. Found in cow's milk. air., nliqf, nmot.,

. Bacillus limosus, Ru»cl. Obtained from mud
(Bay of Naples), aer. , liqf '., mot. Pathogenesis not
determined. Bacillus lineola. See Bach rium iine-
ola, Cohn. Bacillus liodermos, Fliigge. See Ba-
'us leiodermos, Loftier. Bacillus liquefaciens,
Eisenberg. Found in water, air., liqf., m >t., npg.
Bacillus liquefaciens bovis, Arloing. Syn., Pn

acillus .'.■ ns bovis. From the lungs of a

diseased ox. , liqf. , nmot., pg. Bacil-

lus liquefaciens communis, Sternberg. Obtained
from the feces of yellow fever patients, aer. , facanaer. ,
Bacillus liquefaciens magnus,
Liideritz. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated
with garden earth, anaer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacil-
lus liquefaciens parvus, Liideritz. Source same
as last, anaer., liqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus liquidus,
1 rankland. Found in river water (Thames). Com-
mon, aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus litoralis,
Russel. Obtained from mud (Bay of Naples), aer.,

inaer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined.
Bacillus lividus, Plagge and Proskauer. Found in
hydrant water (Berlin), aer. , facanaer., liqf., mot.,
(brick red), npg. Bacillus lucens. Van Tieg-
h m. Syn., Bacterium lucens, Van Tieghem. Found
on the surface of water, al'r., nmot. Brilliant. Ba-
cillus luteus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacterium Int. urn.
List. Gelber Bacillus, Ger. Found in superficial
layers of gelatin plate culture, aer., nmot., nliqf,
chr. (yellow . Bacillus luteus suis, Salmon

and Smith. Found in the perivisceral fluids of swine.
aer. , liqf, mot.,chg. (yellow red). Smells like glue.
Bacillus lyssae, Pasteur. Syn., Coccobacteriuiti ly
Rivolta. Lissophyton suspectum, Hallier. Micrococci
della rabbi a, Ital. Bacille de la rage, Fr.; Hundswut-

illus, Ger. Cf. Bacterium sepHcum sputigenum,
Fraenkel. Found in saliva of hydrophobic patients
and animals. Cf. Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge.
Bacillus maldis, Cuboni. From macerated corn and
the feces of pellagra patients, aer., liqf, mot., npg.
Bacillus malandrias, Israel. See Bacillus mallei,

:ler. Bacillus malariae, K lebs and T< >mmasi-Cru-
deli. Syn., Bacille de la malaria, Bacille du sang,
Fr. ; Bacillus der Malaria, Bacillus des Blutes, Blul
bacillus, Ger. ; Bacillo della malaria, It. Bacillus of
the blood. < ihtained from the soil and air of the
Campagnia, from swamps, from the blood of malarial
patients, etc. Pathogenesis disputed. Bacillus
mallei, Loffler. Syn., Bacillus malandrue, Israel;
Rotzbacillus, Bacillus des Rotzes, Ger.; Bacille de la
morve, Fr. found in the nasal discharges, nodules,
etc., of animals with glanders, aer., fa* anaer. , nmot.
(strictly parasitic), pg. (proven by inoculation).

Bacillus martinez, Sternberg. < fbtained from the

liver ot a yellow fever cadaver. aer., facanaer.,
nliqf, nmot . Bacillus maydis. See Bacillus

maidis, Cuboni. Syn. , Bacterium maydis, Cuboni;
Batterio della pellagra, It. Bacillus megaterium,
De Bary. Found on the leaves of boiled cabbage.
aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus melanosporus,
Eidam. Obtained from the air. aer., facanaer.,
chg. (black), npg. Bacillus melittopthorus. See
Bacillus ahei. ( heshire and ( Iheyne. Bacillus melo-
chloros, Winkler and Schrotter. Syn., Bacillus
butyri fluorescens, Lafar. Obtained from the dej
tions of the larva in a wormy apple, aer., liqf, mot.,
(emerald green), / foi rabbits). Bacillus
membranaceus amethystinus, Eisenberg. found
in well water (Spalato). aer., liqf, nmot., chg.
(dark violet), npg. Bacillus meningitidis puru-
lentae, Naumann and SchSffer. < obtained from pus
taken from beneath the pia mater in a person dead of
purulent meningitis, air., facanaer. , nliqf. , mot., pg.
Bacillus merismopcedioides, Zopf. Syn., Arthro-
bacterium or Bacterium merismopadioides, De Iiary.
( obtained from sewage mud ; the type of the so-called
"tablet cocci." Bacillus mesentericus fuscus,
Fliigge. Syn., Kartoffelbacillus, Ger.; Bacille
brun de la pomme de terre, Fr. Potato bacillus.
( obtained from the air, hay dust, water, etc. Common.
ai;r. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus mesentericus
ruber, Globig. Syn., Kartoffelbacillus; Roter Kar-
toffelbacillus, Ger. ; Bacille rouge de la pomme de
terre, Bacille rouge de Globig, Fr. Potato bacillus.
Found upon potatoes, air. , liqf., mot., chg. (reddish
yellow or pink), npg. Bacillus mesentericus vul-
gatus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacillus figurans, (.'rook-
shank. Proteus vulgaris. Bacille commun de la
pomme de terre, Bacille des pomme de terre, Fr. ;
Kartoffelbacillus, Ger. Potato liacillus. Common.
Found in potatoes, water, milk, intestinal contents of
man, etc. aer. , liqf, npg. Bacillus miniaceus,
Zimmermann. See Bacillus ruler, Frank and Colin.
Bacillus minimus, Klebs. See Bacillus erysip>
latos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus miriabilis, Hau-
ser. Syn. , Proteus mirabilis. Bacille de Hauser, Fr.
Obtained from decaying animal matter, air., facan-
aer., liqf., mot., /sr. Bacillus mollusci, Domenico.
Syn., Bacillo del mollusco contagioso, Dominico,
Ital. Found in molluscum contagiosum . resembles
somewhat Bacillus lepra and Bacillus malaria. Pa-
thogenesis disputed, the disease being attributed by
some to psorosperms. Bacillus multipediculosus,
Fliigge. Syn., Bacillus multipediculus. Found in
air and water, aer. , nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus
murisepticus, Fliigge. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis,
Koch. Bacillus murisepticus pleomorphus, Kar-
linski. Found in purulent uterine discharges, air.,
facanaer., liqf, mot., ft;. Probably identical with
Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. Bacillus muscoides,
Liborius. found in soil, old cheese, cow dung, etc.
anaer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus mycoides,
Fliigge. Syn. , Frdbacillus, Ger.; Bacille mycoide,
JFr. Common in soil and water, air., nliqf., mot.,
npg. Bacillus mycoides roseus, Scholl. found
in the soil, aer., liqf., dig. (red), npg. Bacillus
neapolitanus, Emmerich. Syn., Bacillus colt com-
munis. Bacterium colicommune, Escherich, Bacterium
neapolitanum, Colon bacillus of Escherich, Emmet
ich*s Bacillus, Emmerich's Neaplerbacillus ; Bacille
neapolitaine, Fr. ; Bacillus des Milchkotes, liacillus
des Milchfaeces, Ger. ; Bacillus of Booker, a to n.

Abbreviations. — a'e r. = aerobic, anaer = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. — facultative anaerobic. hqf.= liquefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. --■- motile. ?itit/f non-Iiquefactive. nmot. non-motile, npg. — non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating. pg = pathogenic, phos.— phosphori :si ml. pleotn. ™ pleomorphic, sap. saprophytic.

BACTERIA

It;.-)

BA< 1 ERIA

Found in the air, in putrefying infusions and con-
stantly in the alvine discharges of healthy and un-
healthy human beings, also in those of many animals.
From the blood, various organs and feces of cholera
patients at Naples, hence the name, aer., facanaer.,
nliqf, pg. Bacillus necrophorus, I. oilier. Obtained
from rabbits after inoculation in the anterior chambei
of the eye with portions of condyloma, aer., facanaer.,
nliqf, pleom. , pg. Bacillus nivalis, Schmolck. See
Bacillus /lit .rest >is nivalis, Schmolck. Bacillus
nodosus parvus, Lustgarten. From the healthy
urethra of man. aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., n
Bacillus nubilus, Frankland. I rom hydrant water
(London), aer., facanaer., liqf, npg. Bacillus
ochraceus, Zimmermann. From hydrant water
(Chemnitz), aer., liqf., mot., chg. (ocher-yellow),
np^. Bacillus ceiematis aerobicus. A new bacil-
lus of malignant edema, Klein. Found in the exu-
dates of guinea pigs after inoculating with garden
earth, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mo/., pg. Bacillus
cedematis maligni, Koch. Syn., Bacillus cedematis,
Koch; Bacillus septicus, Pasteur; \ ibrion sep-
tique, \ ibrion pyogenique, Pasteur; Bacille de
l'cedeme, Bacille de l'cedeme malm, Bacille de la
gangrene emphysemateuse progressive, Bacille de la
gangrene gazeuse, Fr. ; Microben der gasigen Gan-
grane, Ger. Bacillus of gangrene, Bacillus of gangre-
nous septicemia. Pink bacillus of spreading edema, A.
B. Harris. A widely scattered species, obtained from
surface soil, dust, putrefying matter, foul water, etc.,
and from the exudates produced by inoculating animals
with garden earth, anaer., liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus
of Acne Contagiosa of Horses. See Bacillus of
horse pox. Bacillus of Afanassiew. See Bacillus
tussis convulsive, Afanassiew. Bacillus of Albumin-
ous Decomposition. See Bacillus putrijicus coli,
Bienstock. Bacillus of Allantiasis, Miiller, Hoppe-
Seyler. See also Sarcina botulina, Van den Corput.
Cf. Bacillus of choleraic diarrhea from meat poison-
ing, Klein. P'ound in poisonous sausages, particularly
in"Blunzen." aer., liqf, pg. Bacillus of Alopecia
areata, Kasauli. Pound attached to the hairs from
the diseased patches ; easily cultivated. See Mi-
crococcus of Alopecia areata, Robinson, and Bac-
terium decalvans, Thin. Bacillus of Babes and
Oprescu. Obtained from a case presenting symp-
toms of typhus fever, aer. , facanaer., nliqf., mot.,
pg. Bacillus of Belfanti and Pascarola. Syn.,
Impftetanusbacillus, Ger. From the pus of wounds
in a person dead of tetanus, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. ,
nmot.,pg. Bacillus of Beri-beri, Eykmann. See
Bacillus beribericus, Lacerda. Bacillus of Blue
Milk. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacillus
of Blue or Green Pus. See Bacillus pyocyaneus,
Gessard. Bacillus of Booker, a to ;/. Found in
alvine discharges of children suffering from cholera
infantum ; probably varieties of Bacillus neapolitanus ,
Emmerich. Bacillus of Bovet. < >btained from the
intestines oi a woman dead of acute choleraic enteritis.
aer., nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus of Braxy. See
Bacillus anthracis, Pollenderand Davaine. Bacillus
of Bronchitis, Lumnitzer. Syn., Bacillus of Lum-
nitzer. From the bronchial secretions in cases of
putrid bronchitis. air. , mot. Cf. Micrococcus of
bronchitis, Picchini. Bacillus of Butyric Acid
Fermentation. See Bacillus butyricus, Praz-mowski.
Bacillus of Carcinoma, Rappin and Scheurlen and
Domingo- Freire. Syn., Bacille du cancer. Fr. Si
Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus of Canestrini.

Found in larv.e and bees suffering from a malady com-
mon among bees in certain parts of Italy, aer., liqf.,
mo/., chg. i pink), pg. Bacillus of Canon and Pie-
licke. See Bacillus of measles. Bacillus of Cattle
Plague, Metschnikoii. SeeBaci miehemor-

rhagice, Sternberg. Bacillus of Cazal and Vaillard.
Obtained from cheesy nodules upon the peritoneum
and in tin- pancreas, aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., pg.
Bacillus of Chancroid, Ducrey. Found in pustules
developed upon tin- arm from the inoculation of
chancroidal virus; dot :s not grow in artificial culture.
1 i. Micrococcus ulceris mollis. Bacillus of Cheese.
See Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Bacillus
of Chicken Cholera. See Bacillus septicemia
hcemorrhagi , Sternberg. Bacillus of Cholera.
See Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Bacillus
of Choleraic Diarrhea from Meat Poisoning,
Klein. Found in the blood and feces of persons
poisoned with tainted meat. < f. Bai illus of allantiasis,
Miiller and Hoppe Seyler. Bacillus of Cholera in
Ducks, ( ornil and Toupet. < obtained from the blood
of ducks that had died of an epidemic disease char-
acterized by choleraic symptoms, aer. , nliqf, nmot.,
pg. (for ducks, but not for chickens or pigeo:
Bacillus of Chyluria, Wilson. Syn., Bacillus der
Chyluria, Ger. ; Bacille de la chylurie, Fr. ; Found in
the coagulum of chylous urine, aer., facanaer., mot.
Bacillus of Colomiatti. < >btained from cases of
conjunctivitis and xerotic masses in the eye.
nliqf, nmot., npg. Cf. Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis
conjunctivae, Leber. Bacillus of Conjunctival
Catarrh, Koch. Syn.. Bacille du catarrhe conjoin
tival, Fr. ; Bacillus des Bindehautcatarrhs, Ger. ;
Bacillus of conjunctivitis. Bacillus of pink ey< . Weeks.
aer., nliqf, pg. Resembles Bacillus xerosis. Bacillus
of Dantec. Syn., Bacille du rouge de morue, Fr.
Obtained from salted codfish to which it gives a red
color, aer. , liqf, mot., chg. (ri Bacillus

of Davaine's septicemia. See Bacillus septicemia
hemorrhagice, Sternberg. Bacillus of Demme.
Obtained from the contents of tumors and pustules and
from the blood of patients suffering from erythema
nodosum, aer. , facanaer., (?) nliqf, pg. (to guinea
pigs ; rabbits, dogs and goats refractory). Bacillus of
Diphtheria in Calves. See Bacillus diphtheria
vitulorum, Loftier. Bacillus of Diphtheria in
Doves. See Bacillus diphtheria columbarum, I .oilier.
Bacillus of Diphtheria in Man. See Bacillus
diphtheria, Klebs and loftier. Bacillus of Doder-
lein. See Bacillus vaginalis, Doderlein. Bacillus
of Endocarditis. See Barillas pyogenes fatidus,
Frankel and Saenger. Bacillus of Egyptian Ca-
tarrhal Conjunctivitis. See Bacillus of Kartulis.
Bacillus of Erysipelas in the Rabbit, Koch. See
Bacillus erysipelatos leporis, Koch. Bacillus of False
Hog Cholera. See Bacillus parvus ovatus, Loftier.
Bacillus of False Tuberculosis in Rabbits. See
Bacillus of pseudo-tuberculosis in rabbit-. Malassez
and Vignal. Bacillus of Fiocca. Found in the
saliva of cat- and dogs. ', anaer., nl

urn. ■ (for rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mi

Bacillus of Foot Sweat. Syn.. Fussschweissbacillus,
( In. ; Bacille de la sueur des pieds. Fr. Set- Bacillus
fatidus, Bacillus saprogenes A<>. //, and Bacterium
graveolens. Bacillus of Foul Brood of Bees. See
Bacillus alv 'i, < he-hire and Cheyne. Bacillus of
Fowl Cholera. See Bacillus septicemia hemorrhagii e,
Sternberg. Bacillus of Friedlander. See Bacillus
pneumonia friedlanderi. Bacillus of Fulles, III.

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chz. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic. liqf.= liquefac-
tive. nionom. == monomorphic. mot. = motile nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic.
obi. =obligate. oscl. = oscillating. pg. = pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. ^saprophytic.

r.Ai 1 1 ki.\

166

BACTERIA

Pound in the soil, aer., nliqf. , nut. , npg. Bacillus
of Gangrene. See Bacillus adematis maligni, Ko< h

/>'„■ n . ill. Rosenbach, and Bacillus of

senile gangrene. Bacillus of Gangrenous Sep-
ticemia. Syn., Bacille de la gangrene gazeuse.

Bacillus oedematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus of
Gessner. See Bacterium tholoideum, Gessner. Bacil-
lus of Glanders. See ! offler. Bacillus
of Green Diarrhea in Children, Lesage. See Bacillus
of I Bacillus of Green Pus. Sec Bacillus
--.ml. Bacillus of Grouse Disease,
Klein. Obtained from the lungs and liver of grouse
that had died of an epidemic disease, aer., nil
nmot., pg. | for mice, guinea pigs, linnets, green finches,
sparrows; chicken.-, pigeons and rabbits immune).
Bacillus of Hay Infusions. See Bacillus subtilis,
Ehrenberg. Bacillus of Heminecrobiophilus,
Arli H. [.mud from the callous lymphatic glands
of a guinea pig. aer., facanaer. , nliqf . , mot., pleom.,
pg. Bacillus of Hog Cholera, Salmon and Smith.

Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Bacil-
lus of Hog Erysipelas. See Bacillus erysipelatos
suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus of Horse Pox, I >iecker-
hoff and Grawitz. Syn.. Bacillus of acne contagiosa
of horses. Bacillus der Akne contagiosa des Pferdes,
• obtained from the pustules of horses suffering
from acne contagiosa, aer. , nliqf., pg. Bacillus of
Hydrophobia. See Bacillus lyssce, Pasteur. Bacillus
of Icterus, Karlinsky and Ducamp. Found in the
blood during an attack of infectious icterus. Did not
thrive nil ordinarj culture media. Bacillus of Influ-
enza, Pfeiffer, Kitasato and Canon. Syn., Bacille di
Pfeiffer,Bacille de l'intluenza, Influenza bacillus. Found
in the purulent bronchial secretions and in the blond
of persons suffering from epidemic influenza, aer.,
nmot.. pg. Cf. Micrococcus influenza, Letzerich.
Bacillus of Intestinal Diphtheria in Rabbits, Rib
lint. Syn., Bacille de la diphtheric intestinale chez
les lapins, Fr. Obtained from the viscera of rabbits
dead of a disease characterized by a diphtheritic in-
flammation of the intestinal mucous membrane, aer. ,
nliqf, a mot. i?) pg. Bacillus of Jeffries. A
group (A, (i, J, K, I', S, '/.,) of bacilli, resembling
Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich, and Bacillus lac/is
. Escherich. Found in the alvine discharges
of children suffering from summer diarrhea, anaer.,
Bacillus of Jequirity Ophthalmia, DeWecker
and Sattler. Syn.. Bacille <lu jequirity, Fr. ; Jequiri-
typilz, < rer. bound in cases of jequirity ophthalmia and
in infusions of jequirity seeds [Abrus precatorius), the
supposed source of Abrin. aer., liqf, mot., npg.
I he disease is now held to be caused by a soluble
poison, jequiritin. Bacillus of Karlinski. See
Bacillus murisepticus pleomorphus, Karlinski. Bacil-
lus of Kartulis, Koch and Kartulis. Obtained from
the conjunctiva in ca I gyptian catarrhal conjunc-

tivitis, aer. Pathogenesis not well determined. Ba-
cillus of Koubasoff. Obtained from carcinomatous
growth in the human stomach, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf,
■ i guinea pig- and rabbits). Cf. Bacillus of
Scheuerlen. Bacillus of Lactic Acid Fermenta-
tion. See /;,/ illus acidi lactici. Hueppe. Bacillus
of Laser. Obtained from mice infected with an
epidemi' . anaer., nliqf, mot., pj-.

(for field mice, guinea pig-, rabbits and pigeons).
Bacillus of Leprosy. 'See Bacillus lepra, Hansen.
Bacillus of Lesage. Syn., bacille de la diarrhea
verte infantile. It. Bacillus of green diarrhea in
children. Obtained in the green alvine discharges of

infants suffering from green diarrhea, air., nliqf,
mot., /.. According to Baumgarten identical with
Bacillus fluorescens non-liquefaciens, Schiller. Ba-
cillus of Letzerich. < obtained from the urine of
children -uttering from nephritis inlcr.-titialis primaria.
aer., liqf. , pg. Bacillus of Liborius. See Bacillus
amylobai ' ■, Prazmowski. Bacillus of Lichen Ru-
ber, Laser. Syn., Bacillus bei Lichen ruber, Ger-
und m the lymph passages in cases of lichen ruber.
Bacillus of Lucet. Syn., Bacille de la dysenterie
epizootique des poules e( di , Fr. Obtained

i; "in chickens and turkey- suffering from an infectious
form of septicemia characterized by dysenteric dis
charges, aer., facanaer. , nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus
of Lumnitzer. See Bacillus of Bronchitis. Bacillus
of Lupus. See Bacillus Tuberculosis, Koch. Bacil-
lus of Lustgarten. See Bacillus syphilidis, l.u-t
garten. Bacillus of Lymph in Fishes, < >liver and
Richet. Observed in the lymph of certain fishes, aer.,
mot., npg. Bacillus of Malaria. See Bacillus
malari,,. Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. Bacillus of
Malignant Edema. See Bacillus oedematis maligni,
Koch. Bacillus of Measles, Canon and Pielicke.
Syn., Bacillus of (anon and 1'ielicke. found in the
blood and in the secretions of the nose and conjunctiva
of persons with measles. Cf. Micrococcus of measles,
Klebs and Keating. Bacillus of Mouse Septicemia.
See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur. Bacillus of
Necrosis of the Liver in Badgers, Eberth. found
in the necrotic liver of a badger. Bacillus of
Necrosis of the Liver in Guinea Pigs, Eberth.
found in the necrotic liver of a guinea pig. Bacillus
of Nephritis, Letzerich. See Bacillus of Letzerich.
Bacillus of Nocard. Syn., bacille du farcin du
bi euf, Fr. ; bacillus der Wurmkrankheit, Ger, Found
in the superficial abscesses of cattle suffering from
farcy. aer., nmot., pg. Bacillus of Okada. < >l>-
tained from the dust between the boards of a tloor.
aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus of
Osteomyelitis, Kraske and Becker. Found in
cases of osteomyelitis, aer., liqf. (or in some forms
nliqf), mot., pleom., pg. Held by Pasteur as iden-
tical with the micrococcus of furuncle, q. v. Bacillus
of Phthisis. See Bacillus tuberculosis Koch. Ba-
cillus of Pink Eye, Weeks. See bacillus of con-
junctival catarrh, Koch. Bacillus of Potato Rot,
Kramer. Syn.. NassfiLulebacillus. Obtained from
potatoes affected with wet rot. aer., liqf, mot., npg.
Putrefies the albuminous substances "t potatoes. Ba-
cillus of Pseudo-tuberculosis in Rabbits, Eberth,
Malassez, and Vignal. Syn. , Bacille de la tubercu-
lose zoogleique, bacille de la pseudo-tuberculosc du
lapin, Fr. ; Bacillus der Pseudo tuberculose der
Kaninchen, Ger. found in the nodular deposits
characteristic of this disease. Bacillus of Puerperal
Fever. See Bacillus puerperalis, Engel and Spill-
mann. Bacillus of Purpura Haemorrhagica of
Babes. Obtained from tin viscera of a patient dead
of purpura haemorrhagica. aer., /a, anaer., In//.,
nmot., pg. Resembles thi next two forms. Bacillus
of Purpura Haemorrhagica of Kolb. < obtained
from the viscera of patient- dead of purpura. aer.,
facanaer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus of Purpura
Haemorrhagica of Tizzoni and Giovannini. < Hi
tained from tin- blood of two children dead of purpura
haemorrhagica. aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., pg.
Bacillus of Pyemia, Beltzow. Syn . Bacille de la
pyemic, Fr.; Bacillus der Pyamie, Ger. Two forms found
in pyemia, one of which resembles Bacillus cedematii

Abbreviations. — aer.— .- anaer. = anaerobic, chg. — criminogenic. /a<rawc7fn = facultative anaerobic, liqf, liquefac-

tive. iiioninie = monomorphic. mot nu .til.-, nliqf. ■ non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile! nt>g. - non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate. oscl. = oscillating. pg, --= pathogenic, phos. =- phosphorescent, pleom. — pleomorphic, sap. ■= saprophytic.

bactkkia

ur,

BACTERIA

maligni, Koch. Bacillus of Rabbit Septicemia.
See Bacillus septicemia hamorrhag ■ ■ . Sternberg.
Bacillus of Rabies. See Bacillus A . I teur.
Bacillus of Rag Pickers' Disease. See Bacillus
hominis capsulatis, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Bacillus of
Red Bread. See Bacillus prodigiosu , 1 hrenberg.
Bacillus of Red Milk. Sec Bacillus lactis eryth
genes, Uueppe ; and Bacillus pr< . Ehrenberg.

Bacillus of Rheumatism. See Bacillus rheumar-
thrilidis, Kussmaul. Bacillus of Rhinoscleroma.
See Bacillus rhinoscleromatis, Corni] and Alvarez.
Bacillus of Roth, I, II. Obtained from < >1« I ra
aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , ntnot. . pg. Resembles Bat illus
neapolitanus, Emmerich; and Bacillus cavicidus,
Burger. Bacillus of Rouget. See Bacillus erysipe-
latos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus of Scarlet Fever,
I rooke. Syn., Bacille de la scarlatine, Fr. Found
in the nasal mucus and tissues of the throat in a
case of anginose scarlet fever. mot. Resembles
Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch, and the Proteus of
Hauser. According to Decide the parasite of this
disease is a protozoon. ( f. Micrococcus Scarlatina.
Bacillus of Scheurlen, Scheuerlen, Rapin, and
Domingo-Freire. Syn., Bacillus epidermidis, Bordoni
Uffreduzzi. From cancerous, tissues and from mam-
mary epithelia of healthy persons. According to
• Mace possibly identical with a variety of Bacillus
mesentericus vulgatus, Miigge. aer. , lit//., mot., npg.
Bacillus of Schimmelbusch. < Ibtained from the
necrotic tissues of a case of cancrum oris or noma.
aer. , nliqf. , pg. Bacillus of Schou. See Bacillus
pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Bacillus of Senile
Gangrene, Tricomi. Syn., Bacille de la gangrene
senile, Fr. Bacillus of gangrene, Bacillus of Tricomi.
Found in the blood, in the tissues along the line of
demarcation, in the subcutaneous tissue and the lymph
spaces of the skin, and in the ichorous discharge.
aer.,liqf, ntnot, pg. Cf. Bacillus cedematis maligni,
Koch, and Bacillus saprogenes, III, Rosenbach. Ba-
cillus of Septicemia in Man, Klein. Syn., Bacille
de la septicemic, Fr. Bacillus of Southern Cattle
Plague, F. S. Billings. Syn., Bacillus of Texas
fever in cattle. Bacillus der amerikanischen Rinder-
seuche, Canerva. Found in the blood, viscera, and
manure of cattle infected with cattle plague or Texas
fever; also in the ticks (Bo'ophilus bovis, Curtice)
infecting the cattle, and in their discharges. The
spread of the disease is largely due to the manure of
the cattle and also indirectly to the ticks, aer., nliqf.,
mot., pleovi., pg. Smith and Kilborn now attribute
this disease to the psorosperm Pyrosoma bigeminum.
Bacillus of Spontaneous Rabbit Septicemia,
Eberth. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles.
Bacillus of Symptomatic Anthrax. See Bacillus
chauvmi, Bollinger and Feser. Bacillus of Swine
Pest, Selander. See Bacillus ex pneumo- enter itide
suis, Klein. Bacillus of Swine Plague, Marseilles,
Reitsch, and Jobert. Syn., Bacillus suis, Detmers.
Bacillus der Schweineseuche, Marseilles ; Bacillus der
Frettchenseuche (ferret disease), Eberth and Schim-
melbusch; Bacille de la pest porcine. Fr. ; Bacillus
of spontaneous rabbit septicemia; Bacillus oi swine
plague, Detmers and Billings; Swine plague, Schizo-
phyte, Detmers. First obtained from swine attacked
by a fatal epidemic disease in Marseilles, aer., nliqf,
mot., pg. Canerva and others identity this with the
Bacillus of ferret disease and with that of American
swine plague ; also with the Bacillus of Southern cattle
plague, Billings; but tin's latter seems to be a distinct

species. See Bacillus tardigradus. Bacillus of
Syphilis. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Ba-
cillus of Tetanus. See Bacillus retain. Nicolaier.
Bacillus of Texas Cattle Fever, 1 . S. Billings.
See Bacillus of Southern cattle plague. Bacillus of
the Blood. Syn.. Bacille du sang, Fr.; Blutbacillus,
r. Blutes, Hoffmann, Ger. Bacillus of

the Lungs of Cattle, Liistig. found in the lungs
oi healthy and diseased cattle. ier.,liqf Bacillus
of the Meconium, Escherich Found in the meco-
nium. Bacillus of the Pneumo-enteritis of the
Pig. Sec Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis. Klein.
Bacillus of the Smegma. Syn., Bacille du smegma
preputial, Fr. ; Smegmabacillus, Ger. Found in the
smegma of the male and female genitals. Bacillus
of Tommasoli. See Bacillus lus,

Tommasoli. Bacillus of Tricomi. See Bacillus of
senile gangrene. Bacillus of Tuberculosis of
Vines. Syn., Bacille de la tubercuR-i- des vignes,
Corvo, Fr. Regarded by Corvo as the cause of the
diseased condition of vines usually attributed to Phyl-
vastatrix, Planchon. Bacillus of Ulcerative
Stomatitis of Cattle, Lingard and Batt. Found on
the skin, the mucous membranes, and in the lungs of
young cattle. Cf. Streptocytus oi eczema epizootica,
Schottelius. Bacillus of Ulcus Molle, Krofting.
Identical with that described by Ducrey as the bacil-
lus of Chancroid. Bacillus of Utpadel, LJtpadel and
inr. < Ibtained from the stuffing of the bed quilts in
a military hospital (Augsburg), and from the intestinal
contents of man. aer., nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus
of Vagus Pneumonia. See Bacillus pneumon
agilis, Schou. Bacillus of Verruga Peruana, Izqui
erdo. Found in the intercellular spaces and blood-
vessels in the nodules characteristic of Peruvian wart.
Bacillus of Vignal. See Bacillus bi
Vignal. Bacillus of Whooping Cough.
Bacillus tussis convulsive, Afanassiew. Bacillus of
Xerosis Epithelialis Conjunctivae, Leber, Kusch-
bert, Frank el, and Neisser. Syn., Bacillus xero
Frankel ; Bacillus of Colomiatti, Bacillus of xerosis,
Schreiber ; Xerosebacillus, Bacillus der Xerosis epi-
thelialis conjunctivae, Ger. ; Bacille du xerosis con-
jonctiva;, Fr. Found in the white, fatty scales of the
conjunctivae in cases of Xeropthalmia. nmot. Does
not grow on gelatin or potato. Pathogenesis not fully
determined. Bacillus oxytocus perniciosus, Wys
kowitsch. Found in milk left standing a long time.
act-., nliqf.. pg. Bacillus ovatus minutissimus,
Unna. Found upon the skin in cases of eczema
seborrhceicum. aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus
of Yellow Fever. Bacille de la fievre jaune, Fr. ;
Bacillus des gelben Fiebers, Ger. Found in the mucous
membrane of the small intestine in two cases of yellow
fever. Sternberg has found many forms in the ini
tinal contents and viscera of yellow fever cadavers,
the most frequent and abundant being the Ba,
neapolitanus, Emmerich ; Bacillus cc . Stern-

berg; and Bacillus X, Sternberg. This latter is
held by Sternberg as being possibly concerned in
the etiology of yellow fever. Cf. Microbe de la
fievre jaune, Freire et Rebougeon. Bacillus of
Yellow Milk. See Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg
and Schroter. Bacillus panificans, Laurent. Claimed
as the active agent in the raising of bread. Found
especially in Mack bread. Dunnenberger considers it
a mere impurity and not concerned in the leavening
processes. Bacillus parvus ovatus. Ruhr. Syn.,
Pseudorotlaufbacillus, Ger. Bacillus of false hog

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, ana'er. = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, hqf. =liquefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive nmot. non-motile. non-pathogenic.

obI. = obligate. oscl. = oscillating, pg. — pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

BACTERIA

168

BACTERIA

cholera. Found in the carcass of a pig dead ol .1 dis
ambling rouget. It resembles

. Sternberg Bacillus pasteuri-
anus, Hansen. Syn.. B trianum, Ar-

tkn iantttn, .'.'

Found in beer-wort and bei ially that poor in

alcohol. Resembles '/, KiitzinL; :i 1 u 1 Som

mer. Bacillus pestifer, Frankland. Found in the
air. Bacillus phospho-

rescens, Fischer. Syn., nsindi-

. Fischer; P rium indicum, Fischer; In-

discher Leuchtbacillus, Ger. Found in sea water (Gulf

Bacillus
phosphorescens gelidus, Forster. See

. Conn. Bacillus phosphorescens indi-
cus. Fischer. See Bacillus ph sphorescens, Fischer.
Bacillus phosphorescens indigenus, Fischer.
Syn., Einheimischer Leuchtbacillus, Ger. Found in

[arbor of Kiel) ami upon herring, a
liqf., tn Bacillus phosphoreus,

in. Syn., Micrococcus phosphoreus, Cohn ; Bacte-
rium . Hermes; Bacillus phosphorescens
. Forster. Found on sea fish, raw and cooked

iked salmon, Cohn). aer., nliqf, phos., n
Bacillus plicatus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant
water (Chemnitz), aer, liqf., nmot., , grayish
yellow), npg. Bacillus pneumoniae, Fliigge. See

illus pneumonia friedldnderi. Bacillus pneu-
moniae friedlanderi. Syn., Bacillus pneumor,
Fliigge ; Diplococcus pneumonia fibrinosce, Friedlan-
der ; Micrococcus pneumonia infecti . Friedlander;

; lie de pneumonic, Fr. ; Bacillus of Friedlander;
Microbe of I' nedlander. Occasionally obtained from
the exudates in the pulmonary alveoli in cases of
croupous pneumonia, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf., nmot.,
Bacillus pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Syn.,
Bacillus of Schou; Bacillus of Vagus pneumonia;

ille pneumonique, Fr. < Obtained from rabbits
suffering from pneumonia induced by section of the
vagi, aer., liqf., mot., pg. Bacillus pneumosep-
ticus, Babes. Obtained from the blood and tissues
of a person dead of septic pneumonia, aer. , facanaer. ,
Bacillus polymyxa, Prazmowski.
Syn., Claustridium polymyxa, Prazmowski. Found in
infusion of potatoes, lupin seeds, etc. aer. , facanaer.,
Bacillus polypiformis, Liborius. Found in
cow dung and in the exudates of mice inoculated with
garden earth, anaer. , nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus
preussii, Ciesielski. See Bacillus aire/', Cheshire
and Cheyne. Bacillus prodigiosus, F.hrenberg.
Syn.. Bacteridium prodigiosum, Schroter; Bart rium
prodigiosum, Micrococcus prodigiosus, Cohn; Micro-
coccus imetrophus,Trevisan; Mon . F.hren-
berg ; Palm iigiosa, Mont ; Zoogalactina ime-
trop Bacille du lait rouge, Bacille du pain
rouge. Fr. ; Bacillus der roten Milch. Bacillus des
roten Brotes, Hostienblut, Wunderblut, Blutpilz, Ger.

[uendy found upon food-stuffs,boiled potatoes, hard-
boiled eggs, moist bread, etc. aer. , ., liqf,
mot Vets as a protective to rabbits

nst anthrax. Bacillus pseudcedema, Liborius.
Syn., Bacillus pseudosepticus, Mace; I'seudo-cedem-
bacillus, ( ler. Obtained from the exudates of mice,
after inoculation with garden earth, anaer.. It

Resembles Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch.
Bacillus pseudopneumonicus, Pas a., Bac-

terium um. Found in pus. aer.,

nliqf, n tables Mi umonia

. 1 rankel. Bacillus pseudosepticus, Mace.

ma, I iborius. Bacillus pseu-
dosepticus of Mice, Bienstock. Syn.. Bacillus of
pseudosepticemia of mice, found in feces, a
nliq Found after inoculation, mostl] in

the edematous fluid and not in the blood. Bacillus
pseudo-tuberculosis, Pfeiffer. Obtained from the
viscera oi .1 horse killed on suspicion of having glan-
ders, aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus puerper-
alis, Engel and Spillmann. Syn., Leptothrix puer-
peralis, Fett/ ; Bacillus des Puerperal-Fiebers, Ger. ;
Bacille puerperale, Fr. ; Leptothrix of puerperal fever;
Bacillus ol puerperal fever. Found in two cases of
puerperal sepsis, pg. (for mice and rabbits). ( 'onsidered
by Pasteur to be identical with Bacillus anthracis.
Bacillus pulpae pyogenes, Miller. ( Obtained from
gangrenous tooth-pulp, aer., facanaer., liqf..
Bacillus punctatus, Zimmermann. found in hy-
drant water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus
putrificus coli, Bienstock. Syn. , Bienstock' s putre-
factive bacillus from the feces ; Bienstock's putrefactive
bacillus; Bacillus of albuminous decomposition ; Drum-
stick bacillus; Trommelschlagelbacillus ; Bienstock's
Bacillus aus Faeces ; Bacillus der Eiweisszersetzung,
< u-r. ; Bacille de la decomposition de I'albumine, Fr.
Found in human feces, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot.,
npg. Bacillus pyocyaneus a, Gessard. Syn., Bacil-
lus aeruginosus, Bacterium aeruginosum, Schroter;
Micrococcus pyocyaneus , Gessard. Bacillus of blue or
green pus. Bacille, Bacterie ou Microbe du pus
bleu, Bacille du pus vert, Bacille pyocyanique, Fr. ;
Bacillus des gninblauen Eiters. A widely distri-
buted form, found in purulent and serous wounds,
in perspiration, and in the viscera of human cadavt rs.
aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., chg., pg;. Two pigments,
one fluorescent green, the other blue, pyocyanin.
Bacillus pyocyaneus (8, Ernst. Found in pus from
bandages stained green, aer. , liqf, mot., chg. (yel-
lowish green), npg. Bacillus pyogenes fcetidus,
Passet. Syn. , bacille pvogene fetide, Fr. Obtained
from an ischio-rectal abscess, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg.
Bacillus pyogenes soli, Bolton. < )btained from the
exudates of a rat after inoculation with garden earth.
aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus radi-
atus, Liideritz. Obtained from the exudates of mice
and guinea-pigs after inoculation with garden earth.
anaer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus radiatus aquatilis,
Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz).
aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus ramosus, F.isenberg.
Syn., Vvurzelbacillus. Common in soil and water.
aer. , liqf . npg. Bacillus ramosus liquefaciens.
Obtained from the air. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Ba-
cillus reticularis, Jordan. Found in hydrant water
(Lawrence, Mass.). aer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus
rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. Syn., Bacillus rlieu-
martkritis, Micrococcus rheumarthritis, Leyden.

illus of rheumatism. Bacille du rhumatisme, Fr.
Gelenkrheumatismus Mikro organismen, Mikrokok-
ken bei Gelenkrheumatismus, Ger. Found in the
effusions in the joints in articular rheumatism. Bacil-
lus rhinoscleromatis, Cornil and Alvarez, Von
Frisch, Paltauf, Von Eiselsberg, Dietrich, Stepanow,
etc. Syn., Bacille du rhinosclerome, I r. Found in
the newly formed tubercles of rhinoscleroma. aer.,

inaer., nliqf, usually nmot. (becomes motile on
cultivation!, pg. Etiologic relation- not established.
Considered by many as identical with Bacillus pmeu-
monia friedlanderi. It is less virulent, gelatin cul-
tures more transparent and the capsules more persist
ent. Bacillus rosaceum metalloides, Dowdeswell.

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenir. facanaer. = facultati\ ■■ anaerobic, liqf. = lique-
factive. monom. = monomor|>hic. mot. motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive nmot. = non-motile. «/>c- non-pathogenic.
obl, = obligate, oscl. ^oscillating, pg. = pathogenic. phos.= phosphorescent, pleojn. = pleomorphic, sap. -"Saprophytic.

BACTERIA

Hi!)

BAC1 ERIA

See Bacillus ruber, Frank and Cohn. Bacillus
rubefaciens, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water
(Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (pale pink), a
Bacillus rubellus, < >kada. Found in the exudates
of guinea-pigs after inoculation with street dust.
anair., liqf., mot., chg. (red), npg. Bacillus ruber,
Frank, Cohn, and Becker. Syn., Bacillus miniaceu .
Zimmermann. Bacillus (or Bacterium) rosaceum
tnetalloides, Dowdeswell. The red bacillus of water.
Found in water and on boiled rice, aer., liqf., mot.,
chg. (magenta red ) , npg. Bacillus ruber indicus.
See Bacillus indicus, Koch. Bacillus rubes
cens, Jordan. Found in sewage (Lawrence, Mas
air., nliqf., mot., chg. (pale pink), npg. Bacillus
rubidus, Fisenberg. Found in water, aer., liqf.,
mot., chg. (brownish red), np (Lustig describes a
red bacillus from river water which he claims to be
different from this). Bacillus salivarius septicus,
Biondi. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge.
Bacillus sanguinis typhi, Brannan and Cheesman.

< Mitained from the bl 1 of typhus-fever patients.

air., facanaer., nmot. Bacillus saprogenes, I, II,
III, Rosenbach. Syn., I'.acille saprogene, Bacille
de la sueur des pud, I r. Faulnisbacillus, Ger.
Found in putrefying matter on fetid feet, the white
plugs of the pharyngeal follicles, etc. air., fac anair.,
pg. Bacillus scaber, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrotkrix
scaber. Found in cheese, air., nliqf., mot. (in early-
stages becoming non-motile), npg. Bacillus schafferi,
Freudenreich. Obtained from cheese and fermenting
potato infusion, air. , facanaer., nliqf, mot., npg.
Closely resembles Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich.
Bacillus scissus, Frankland. Found in the soil.
air., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus septicaemiae
haemorrhagicae, Sternberg. Bacillus cholerce galli-
narum, Fliigge. Bacillus cuniculicida, Fliigge.
Bacillus cuniculicidus, Koch. Bacterium septiccetniic ,
Koch.- Bacterium morbilli, Lanzi. Coccobactcna
septica, Billroth. Micrococcus septicus, Cohn. Micro-
coccus cholera gallinarum, Micrococcus gallicidus,
Microsporon septicus, Klebs. Bacillus der Huhner-
cholera, Bacillus der Kaninchenseptikamie (Koch).
Bacterium der Septikamie bei Kaninchen, Bacillus der
Rinderseuche, Kitt. Bacillus der Schweineseuche,
Loffler and Schiitz. Bacillus der Wildseuche, Hueppe.
Bacillus der BUffelseuche, Oreste-Armanni. Rinder-
pestbacillus, Ger. Bacille de la septicemic du lapin.
Bacille du cholera des poules. Microbe du cholera
des poules, Pasteur, Fr. Bacillus septicus, Koch.
See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch. Bacillus sep-
ticus, Pasteur. See Bacillus cedematis tn'aligni, Koch.
Cf. Proteus septicus. Bacillus septicus acuminatus,
Babes. Obtained from the umbilical stump, blood and
viscera of a five days old child, dead of septic infection.
aer. (no growth on gelatin), pg. (for rabbits and guinea-
pigs, not for mice). Bacillus septicus agrigenus,
Nicolaier. Obtained from manured garden soil. aer. ,
nliqf. (?) Resembles Bacillus septicemia hemor-
rhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus septicus aus Speichel.
See Bacillus septicus sputi, I, II. Kreibohm. Bacil-
lus septicus keratomalaciae. Babes. < >l>tained from
the corneal tissues and viscera of a child that died
of septicemia following keratomalacia.
facanair., nliqf, pg. (for rabbits and mice, slightly
for birds, not for guinea-pigs). Bacillus septicus
sputi, I, II, Kreibohm. Syn. , Bacillus septicus aus
Speichel, Ger. Obtained from human buccal secre-
tions. Does not grow in any known culture-medium.
Resembles Bacillus septicemia hemorrhagica-, Stem-

berg. Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge.
Syn., Bacillus salivarius :epticu , Biondi. Bacterium
icutn sputigenum, Frankel. Micrococcus pneumo-
nia iron- . Frankel. Microco ■ rn-
berg. Diplococcus pneumonice, Weichselbaum. Strep-
lanceolatu pasteuri, Gamaleia. Microbe "i
Pasteur. Micrococcus of Salvioii. Mien of
sputum septicemia, Frankel. Frankel'scher Diplococ-
cus. frankel' scher Pneumobacillus. Frankel'scher
1'im umonie-Diplococcus. Lancet-shaped micr<
Talamon. Lanceolatecoccus, Talamon. Found Loth
in healthy and in pneumonic sputum, in the fibrim
exudates of croupous pneumonia, and in the pus of
meningitis, aer., facanaer., nmot., nliqf. , dto
be the. cause of croupous pneumonia in man, and by
s'.me to be identical with Bacillus lysst ti ur.
Bacillus septicus ulceris gangraenosi, Pa!
Found in the blood and viscera of a boy dead ot -
ticemia following gangrene of the skin, ah
mot.,pg. Bacillus septicus vesicae, Clado. Found
in the urine of a patient with cystitis, air., fa anaei
nliqf ., mot. , pg. Bacillus sessilis, I.. Klein. Found
in the blood of a cow supposed to have died ol anthrax.
aer., mot. (convulsive jerking), npg. Bacillus sim
ilis, Bienstock. See Bacillus subtilis simulans,
I, II, Bienstock. Bacillus smaragdinus fcetidus,
Reimann. Found in the nasal secretions in a case of
ozena, aer. , facanaer.. liqf., pg. Bacillus smarag-
dino phosphorescens, Katz. Obtained from a
herring in fish market (Sidney, N. S. W.).
nliqf., nmot., phos. (emerald grei i Resembles
Photobacterium phosphorescens, Cohn, and Pkotobac-
terium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Bacillus solidus, I.iide-
ritx. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated with
garden earth, air. , nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus spin
iferus, Lima. Found upon the skin in cases of
eczema seborrhceicum. aer. , nliqf., chg. (grayish
yellow), npg. Bacillus sputigenus crassus.
Bacillus crassus sputigenus. Kxiebohm. Bacillus
stolonatus, Adametz. Found in water, aer. , nliqf.,
mot., npg. Bacillus stoloniferus, Pohl. Found in
swamp water, aer. , liqf. , mot. Pathogenesis not
determined. Bacillus striatus albus, Von Besser.
Found in the nasal secretions of healthy persons, aer. ,
nliqf. .npg. Bacillus striatus flavus, Von Be-
Occasionally found in nasal mucus. aer., nliqf.,
chg. (sulphur yellow i . npg. Bacillus subflavus,
Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz).
aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (pale yell Bacillus
subtilis, Ehrenberg, Cohn, Brefeld, Prazmowski, and
Fitz. Syn. Bacillus glycerines, Fitz ; Bacillus fitzian
Zopf; Bacterium subtile, Zopf; Metallacter subtile,
Pertz ; Vibrio subtilis, Ehrenberg; Bacille du foin, Fr.;
Bacillo del fieno, Ital!; Heubacillus ; Fitz' scher Aethyl-
bacillus, Ger. DeBary confines B. subtilis to the form
described by Brefeld and Prazmowski. The relation
of the starch fermentation species of Fitz remains doubt-
ful. An abundant form obtained from the air. water,
soil, and on plants, aer., liqf., oscl., npg. Bacillus
subtiliformis, Bienstock. See Bacillus subtilis simu-
lans, I, II, Bienstock. Bacillus subtilis simulans,
I, II, Bienstock. Syn'., Bacillus similis, Bienstock.
Heubacillusahnlicher Bacillus, Ger. Bacille de Bien-
stock, I, II, Fr. Found in human feces, aer., nliqf,
nmot., npg. Bacillus suis, Detmers. S llustar-
digradus. Bacillus sulf-hydrogenus,Miquel. Found
in water, air., mot. Decomposes albumin with evolu-
tion of I I.,S. Bacillus sulfureum, Holschewnikofl
and Rosenheim. Two forms found in urine and in mud.

Abbreviations.— aer. = aerobic, anair. = anaerobic, chg. ■— chromogenic. facanaet .—facultative anaerobic, liqf. — liquefac-
tive. monotn. = monomorphic. mot'. = motile, n'-iqf. -= non-liquefactive. t:mot.= non-motile, npg. — non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate. oscl. = oscillating, pg. = pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic. sap. = saprophytic.

BAC1 ERIA

170

BACTERIA

i i aer., facanaer., nliqf., (2) liqf, mot., chg. (reddish
brown), npg. Syn., Prot ui sulfureus, Lindenborn.
Found in water. Bacillus superficialis, Jordan.

amon in sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., liqf,
Bacillus sycosiferus fcetidus, Tomma
>oli. Syn. , Bacilltu us. Bacillus of Tomma-

Found on the hairs of tin- head of a patient
affected with sycosis. aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Ba-
cillus syncyanum. See Bacillus cyanogenus,
Hueppe. Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and
Schroter. Syn., us xanthogenus, Fuchs and

Ehrenberg. umxanthinum, Schroter. Vibrio

synx renberg. Vibrio xanthogenus,

Fuchs. Bacillus of yellow milk. Bacille du lait
jaune, lr. Found in milk that has been boiled.

den yellow), npg. Precipitates the

in,' renders the milk alkaline. Bacillus syphi-
lidis, Lustgarten. Syn., Bacillus syphilis , Lustgar-
ten. Bacille de la syphilis, Bacille de Lustgari
Fr. ; Syphilis bacillus, Luesbacillus, Ger. ; Hacillo
drl sifilide, Ital. ; Bacillus of Lustgarten. Found
in syphilitic new growths and secretions; does not de-
velop in ordinary culture media. In staining, reaction
seems to be identical with that of the Bacillus of the
Smegma. Doehle describes parasitic infusoria as the
causative agents of syphilis. Cf. Helicomonas, Klebs,
and Syphilis of bacillus of Eve and Lingard. Bacillus
tardigradus. Syn. , Bacillus suis, Detmers. Micro-
uis, Burrill. Found in dew, water, and in
the fluids of pigs affected with swine plague, aer. ,
mot., npg. Cf. Bacillus of Swine plague, Marseilles,
Kietsch and Jobert. Bacillus tenuis, Duclaux. Syn.,

othrix tenuis, Duclaux. Found in decomposing
albuminoid matter, cheese, etc. aer., facanaer., (?)
mot., npg. Used in ripening certain French cheeses.
Bacillus tenuis sputigenus, Pansini. Obtained from
sputum, aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus termo,
Dujardin and Ehrenberg. See Bacterium termo, Colin.
Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Syn., Bacillus tetani
traumatici, Rosenbach; Bacille du tetanos, Bacille
de la tetanie, Jr. ; Tetanusbacillus, Bacillus des
Wundstarrkrampfes, Ger. ; Bacillus of tetanus. Found
in garden earth and in the wounds of persons dead
of tetanus. anaer., lit//'., mot., pg. Specific etio-
ic relations determined by Carle and Rattome.
Bacillus tetani traumatici, Rosenbach. See next
preceding. Bacillus thalassophilus, Russel. Ob-
tained from mud (Bay of Xaples). anaer. , liqf. , mot.
Path is not determined. Bacillus thermoph-

ilus, Miquel. Found in the intestinal tract of man
and animals, in sewage and in the soil. aer. , nmot.,
Bacillus tremelloides, Schottelius. Found
in hydrant water irg). aer., liqf., chg. (golden

yellow), npg. Bacillus tremulus, Koch. Syn.,
Metallacter tremulus, Trevisan. Found as a sur-
face pellicle on decomposing plant infu>ions. Re-
sembles Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacillus
tuberculosis, Koch. Syn., Bacterium tuberculosis ,
/.opt; Bacterium tu um, Bacillus tuberculi,

Bai tile de la tuberculeux.
Bacille de la tub 1 Bacille n, Fr. ;

Tuberkelbacillus, Bacillus der Tuberculose, Cer. ;

illo tul.. cillo della tuberculose, Ital.;

Bacillo de la tuberculosi, Sp. Found in tin-
sputum, in tuberculous organs, and elsewhere in pi 1
-.lis and animal- | with tuberculosis. Parasitic.

, facanaer., nmot., / . Bacillus tuberculosis
gallinarum, Maffucci. ( tbtained from cases of
spontaneous tuberculosis in fowls. This be

a distinct species, characterized by Us staining re-
actions, etc., its growth in pure cultures, ami its
pathogenic qualities, Koch. Bacillus tumescens,
/opt. Syn., Bacterium tumescens, /opt. found
upon beets, aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus tur-
gidus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix turgidus, Duclaux.

found in cheese, tier. Produces alkaline reaction
(carbonate and but) rate of ammonia) in milk.
Bacillus tussis convulsivae, Afanassiew. Syn.,
Bacillus of Afana , Bacille de la coqueluche, Fr. ,
Keuchhustenpilz, Ger., Burger. Found in the sputum
oi persons affected with pertussis, aer., nliqf, mot., pg.
Bacillus typhi abdominalis. Eberth, < laifky, Klebs,
Eppinger, Brautlecht. Syn., Bacillus typhosus, Bac-
terium typhosum, Bacille typhique, Bacille de la
fievre typhoide, Microbe de la tievre typhoide, Fr.;
Typhusbacillus, Ger. ; Bacillo tifoso, Ital. found in
water and in milk, and in the feces and organs in t\
phoid fever, aer., nliqf., facanaer. Bacillus typhi
murium, Loffler. Obtained from mice affected with
an epidemic disease. aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot.
Bacillus typhosus. See Bacillus typhi abdomi-
nalis, Fberth, etc. Bacillus ubiquitus, Jordan.
Found in air, water, sewage (Lawrence, Mass.).
aer., facanaer. , nliqf, 11 mo!., npg. Resembles Bacil-
lus candicans, Frankland. Bacillus ulna, Cohn,
and Prazmowski. Syn., Vibrio /', Ehrenberg.
Bacterium ulna, Miller. Vibrio bacillus, Midler,
Ehrenberg. Found in egg albumin, aer., mot.,
npg. Bacillus ulna of Vignal. Found in saliva
of healthy persons; perhap.s identical with the pre-
ceding form. aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus ureae,
Miquel. Found in the air. aer., facanaer., nliqf,
npg. Perhaps identical with the preceding form.
Bacillus ureae, Leube. Found in old mine,
three varieties. aer., nliqf., npg. Converts urea
into ammonium carbonate. Bacillus urocephakis,
Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix urocephalus, -Duclaux.
One of the commonest forms associated with putre-
faction of animal matter. aer., /'unmoor., npg.
Bacillus vasculosis, Sternberg. I obtained from
the intestine and stomach of yellow-fever cadavers.
aer., liqf ., mot., npg. Bacillus vaginalis, Doder-
lein. Syn., Ddderlein'scher Scheidenbacillus, Doder-
leins Bacillus, Scheidenbacillus, < rer. * Constantly found
in the normal vaginal secretions of adults. aer.,
facanaer. , nmot. (no growth in gelatin),///;.-. Bacil-
lus varicosus conjunctivae, Gombert. found in
the healthy conjunctival sac of man. aer., facanaer.,
nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus venenosus, Vaughan.
Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg.
Bacillus venenosus brevis, Vaughan. Found in
water, aer. , facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. Bacil-
lus venenosus invisibilis, Vaughan. found in
water, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus
venenosus liquefaciens, Vaughan. found in water.
aer. , facanaer., liqf., mo/., pg. Bacillus ventriculi,
Raczynssky. < Obtained from the stomach of meat
fed dogs, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus
vermicularis, Frankland. bound in river water.
aer. , liqf , oscl. , npg. Bacillus vermiculosus, Zim-
mermann. Found in water, aer., liqf-, oscl., npg.
Bacillus violaceus, Becker, found in river water.
aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., chg. 'dark violet). Bacil-
lus violaceus laurentius. Jordan. Found in hy-
drant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., facanaer.,
liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus virens. Van Tieghem.
Syn., Sporonema gracile. Found in stagnant water.
aer. , mot., < reen, held by some to be chlorophyll,

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic. eAjt>\ ™ chron facanaer. facultative anaerobic, liqf. — li'juefac-

tive. monom. = monomorphu . mot. > motile, nliqf. non-liquefactive. nmot non-motile, oft;. non-pathogenic.
obi. =- obligate. oscl. = oscillating, pg. =— pathogenic, phos. — phosphorescent, pleom.' pleomorphic. sa/>. saprophytic.

i:.\( l I kia

171

BA( I 1 KIA

but not sufficiently studied), npg. Bacillus virescens.
Frick. Found in green sputum, atr., nliqf, mot.,
chg. (green), npg. Bacillus virgula, Duclaux. Syn.,
Tyrothrix virgula, Duclaux. Found in albuminous
solutions, aer., nmo/., npg. Bacillus virgula.
Sec Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Bacillus
viridis flavus, Frick. Syn., Bacillus viridis pal-
lescens, Frick. aer., nliqf, mot., chg. (yellowish
green), npg. Resembles Bacillus virescens, Frick.
Bacillus viridis, Van I ieghem. Syn. Bacterium
riride, Van Tieghem, Arthrohactcrium viride, De
Bary. Found in water collected in the hollow of a
polyporous fungus, aer., chg. (green). Not thor-
oughly investigated. Bacillus viridis pal-
lescens, Frick. Sec Bacillus viridis flavus, Frick.
Bacillus viscosus, Frankland. Found in river
water, aer. liqf mot. chg. (fluorescent green). l'< r
haps identical with Bacillus fiuorescens, Fliigge.
Bacillus viscosus, 1, II, Van Laer. Found in
ropy milk, aer., nliqf., npg. Bacillus viscosus
cerevisiae, Van Laer. Found in viscous beer
and in milk. air., liqf., npg. Bacillus visco-
sus sacchari, Kramer. Pound in viscous sac-
charine fluids. aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus von
Denecke. See Spirillum tyrogenum, Dene< k< .
Bacillus von Finkler- Prior. Sec Spirillum
Finkler- Prior. Bacillus vulgaris, Hauser; Syn.,
Proteus vulgaris. Protetts sulfureus, Holschenik
Proteus of Hauser. Commonly associated with putre-
faction, aer. , facanaer. , liqf , mot. , pg. This -pedes
is probably one of those formerly included under Bac-
terium termo. Bacillus X, Sternberg. Found in yel-
low-fever cadavers. Sternberg thinks it possible that
this form is concerned in the etiology of yellow fever,
(for rabbits). Bacillus xanthogenus, Fuchs
and Ehrenberg. See Bacillus synxanthus, Khrenberg.
Bacillus xerosis, Frankel. Syn., Xerose bacillus.
See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunctivae, Leber.
Bacillus zenkeri, Hauser. Syn., Proteus zenkeri.
Kacille de Hauser, Fr. Found in putrefying animal
matter, aer., facanaer. , nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus
zopfii. Syn., Bacterium zopfii, Kurth. Arthro-
bacterium zopfii, De Bary. Knauelbildender Bacillus,
Ger. Found in the intestinal tract of fowls. aer. ,
nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus zurnianum, List.
Found in water, aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacilo
virgula, Bacilo virgulado, Sp. See Spirillum
choleree asiatica, Koch. Bacteria of pus. Syn.,
Eitermicroben, Ger. Bacteria of putrefaction. Syn.,
Bacteries de la putrefaction, ¥r.; Faulnisbacterien,
Ger. Bacteria of sea water. Syn., Bacteries de lean
de mer, Fr.; Kacterien des Meervvassers,Ger. Bacteria
of the air. Syn., Bacteries de Fair, Fr. ; Luftbacte-
rien, Ger. ; micrococci of the air. Bacteria of the
mouth. Syn., Bacteries de la bouche, Fr. Bacterien
der Mundhohle. Bacteria of the soil. Syn., Bac-
teries de la terre, Fr. ; Erdebacterien, Ger. Bacteria
of urine. Syn., Bacteries de 1' urine, Fr. ; Bacterien
des Hams, Ger. Bacteria of water. Bacteries de
l'eau, Fr. ; Wasserbacterien, Ger. Bacteridie char-
bonneuse. See Bacillus anthracis, I'ol lender and
Davaine. Bacteridie du charbon. See Bacillus
anthracis, Pollender and 1 >avame. Bacteridie du
charbon symptomatique. See Bacillus client:;, i,
Arloing, Cornevin, Thomas. Bacteridium prodigi-
osum, Schroter. See Bacillus us, Ehren-

berg. Bacterie chainette. See Bacterium catenula,
I mjardin. Bacterie chromogene. Chromogenic
bacteria. Bacterie commune, Miquel. See Bacil-

lus termo, Dujardin. Bacteries de la bouche. i
teria of the mouth. Bacteries de la diphtherie,
Emmerich, Si <■ Bacillus diphtheria, Klebs. Bac-
terie de la fermentation butyrique. See Bacillus
butyncus, Prazmowski. Bacterie de la fermenta-
tion lactique. See Bacillus acidi laclici, llueppe.
Bacterie de la fermentation propionique. See
Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Bacteries de l'eau.
Microbes oi water. Bacteries de la putrefaction.
Microbes "i putrefaction. Bacterium der Brust-
seuche des Pferdes. See Stre1 cory.ee

conta juorum, Schiitz. Bacterium der Butter-

sauiegahrung. See Bacillus butyricu , Prazmowski.
Bacterium der Diphtherie, Emmerw h. See Bacillus
diphtheria, Klebs. Bacterium der Milchsaure-
gahrung. See Ba illus a idi lactici, Hueppe.
Bacterie du pus bleu. See Bacillus pyocyaneu a,
Gessard. Bacterie point. Bacterium lineola, < ohn.
Bacterium des Sauerteigs. See Bacterium farina-
ceum, Wigand. Bacterie du vinaigre. See Bacillus
ti, Kiitzing. Bacterie lumineuse de la mer du
Nord. See Photobacterium luminosum, Beyerinck.
Bacteries de la terre. Mien bes oi the soil. Bac-
terien der Mundhohle. .Microbes of the mouth.
Bacterien des Meerwassers. Microbes of sea water.
Bacterium aceti, Lanzi. S illus aceti, Kiitz-

ing. Bacterium aerogenes, Miller. See Bacillus
aerogem , II, Miller. Bacterium aeruginosum,
Schroter. S pyocyaneu •-.• Bac-

terium allii. See Bacillus alii, Griffiths. Bacterium
anthracis, Zopf. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender
and Davaine. Bacterium articulatum, Ehrenberg.
See Bacterium lineola, (ohn. Bacterium auranti-
acum, Trelease; a chromogenic form. Bacterium
bacillus, Pasteur. Sec Bacillus termo, Davaine.
Bacterium aus Diphtherie bei Menschen.
Bacillus diphtheria-, Klebs. Bacterium aus der
Diphtherie bei Tauben. See Bacillus diphth
columbarum, Loffler. Bacterium brunneum,
Schroter. Found in a putrid infusion of Indian
corn, chg. (brown). Perhaps identical with Bacillus
fuscus, Zimmerman n. Bacterium butyri colloi-
deum, Lafar. Found in every sample of natural
butter examined. Cf. Bacillus "butyri fiuorescens,
Lafar. Bacterium candidum, Trelease. A chro-
mogenous form, identical with Bacillus mesentericus
fuscus, Fliigge. Bacterium capitatum, Davaine.
Found in an infusion of albuminous matter, aer., mot.
Bacterium carbuncolare, Pollender, Brauell, Dela-
fond, and Davaine. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender
and Davaine. Bacterium carlsbergense, Hansen.
Pound in the air. Cf. Bacterium kochii, Hansen.
Bacterium catenula, Dujardin. Syn.. Bacterium
chainette Bactene chainette, Fr. < observed especially
in putrid wine or putrefying blood, generally in albu-
minous liquids in contact with air. Coze and Feltz
found it in typhoid fever in man and rabbits. It resem-
bles Bacillus acidi lactici, Davaine, llueppe. Bac-
terium caucasicum. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kern.
Bacterium chainette. See Bacterium catenula, Dujar-
din. Bacterium chlorinum, Engelmann. Found in
water, aer., I n§ Imann holds this to

be chlorophyll, as a small amount oi oxygen is given
indicating the assimilation of carbon. Bacterium
coli commune, Escherich. S- e /.' illus neapolitanus.
Bacterium commune, Pasteur. See Bacterium
termo, I lujardin. Bacterium cuneatum, Rivolta.
See Bacillus cuneatus. Bacterium cyanogenum,
Fuchs. S yanogenus, Hueppe. Bacterium

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chg;. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic. l?'gf.= liquefac-
live. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. — » non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic.
oW.=obligate. oscl. = oscillating. pg.= pathogenic, phns. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

B VCTERI \

L72

BACTERIA

decalvans, Thin. See Micrococcus area tv/nY, Buch-
iut and Sehlen. Bacterie de la pourriture.

um putrcdinis. Bacterium denitrificans, i
( rayon and I Hipetit. See Ba illus denitrificans, < riltay
and Aberson. Bacterium der Brustseuche des
Pferdes. See Strept morum,

Schutz. Bacterium der Essiggahrung. See Ba-
cillu . Kiitzing. Bacterium der Milchsaure-

gahrung. See idi lactici, 1 lavaine and

Hueppe. Bacterium der Septikamie bei Ka-
ninchen. See Ba iticamia hamorrhagx

Sternberg. Bacterium dysodes, Zopf. See Bacil-
lus Zopf. Bacterium enchelys, Ehrenberg.
Pound in river water. Thought by Ehrenberg to l>e
an infusorian. Bacterie en zigzag, Fr. See Bacil-
lus . De Bary. Bacterium farinace-
um, Wigand. Syn. , Bacterium des Sauerteigs. Found
in sour sponge or dough. Bacterium fitzianum,
Zopf. See Bacillus subHlis, Ehrenberg. Bacterium
fcetidum. Thin. Set- Bacillus fostidus, Passet. Bac-
terium fusiforme, Warming. Found in sea water.
Bacterium gingivae pyogenes, Miller. See Bacillus
Bacterium gliscrogenum,
Malerba. See Bacillus gliscrogenus. Found in viscid
acid urine, air., nliqf., mot, npg. Bacterium gris-
eum, Wanning. Syn., Micrococcus . Winter,
a doubtful form. Bacterium gummis, Commes.
Syn., Microbe de la mal nero, Ital. The cause of the
gummous disease of the fig, almond, and orange trees,
and the mal nero of vine.-. • !f. Bacterium putrcdinis,
Davaine. Bacterium gummosum, Ritsert. Found to
produce the viso isity i A infusii ins i »f I figitalis. air. ,liqf.,
pleom. Bacterium hessii, Guillebeau. One of the
two forms found byGillebeau to cause milk to become
ropy. Thrives best in Pasteurized milk. aer. , liqf.,

. tg. Cf. Micrococcus freudenreickii. Bacterium
hyacinthi, Wakker. Found in the bulbs and leaves
of the hyacinth and causing the yellow- of hyacinths.
Cf. Bacterium hyacinthi septicw, Heinz. Bacterium
janthinum, Zopf. See Bacillus janthinus, Zopf.
Bacterium kochii, Hansen. Found in the air of
Carlsberg. Cf. Bacterium carlsbergense, Hansen.
Bacterium lactis, Lister. See Bacillus acidi lactici,
Hueppe. Bacterium lactis aerogenes, Escherich.

Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Abelous. Bacterium
lineola, Miiller, Cohn. Syn., Bacterium function,
Rivolta. Bacterium tremulans, Trevisan. Bacterium
triloculari, Ehrenberg. Bacterium articulation, Ehren-
berg. Vibrio lineola I Miiller), Ehrenberg. Vibrio
tremulans, Ehrenberg. Bacillus lineola, Bacterie point,
Fr. Found in well and other water, in infusions, soil
on vegetables, etc. aer., mot. (trembling and darting
back and forth), pleom., npg. Probably represents
several species, or a developmental form of a spirillum.
Bacterium litoreum, Warming. Found only in sea
water. aer., mot., npg. Bacterium lucens, Van
Tieghem. See Bacillus lucens, Van T. Bacterium
luteum, Trelease. See Bacillus luteus, Fliigge. Bac-
terium maidis, Cuboni. See Bacillu maidi , Cuboni.
Bacterium merismopcedioides, Zopf. See Ba illus
merismopadu . Zopf. Bacterium morbilli, Lanzi.
Syn.. Microbe di morbillo. Found in the urine ..I"
persons with measles. Cf. Bacillus septicemia hemor-
rhagica, Sternberg. Bacterium navicula, Reinke
and Berthold. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski.
Bacterium neapolitanum. See Bacillus neapolitanus.
Emmerich. Bacterium oblongum, Boutroux. Syn.,
Micrococcus oblongus, Boutroux. Found in beer; the
agent of gluconic fermentation. Bacterium of Bu-

tyric Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyricus,
Prazmowski. Bacterium of Diphtheria, Emmerich.
Syn,, Bacterie de la diphtherie, Fr. Bacterium der
Diphtherie. ( ler. Found in cases of diphtheria in man
and doves. Bacterium of Fire Blight. See Ba
cillus butyri, us, Prazmowski. Bacterium of Infec-
tious Pneumonia in the Horse. See Strep
coryza contagiosa equorum, Schutz. Bacterium of
Kefir. See Bacillus cat* Kern. Bacterium

of Pear Blight. Cf. Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski,
and Micrococcus amylovorus, Burrill. Bacterium of
Sheep Pox. Syn., Microbe de la clavelee. Found
in cases of sheep pox, or " Schafblattern. " Bacte-
rium of variola. ( ose and Feltz. Syn.. Bacterie de
la petite variole, Fr. Bacterium der Variola (oder der
Blattern). Found in the vesicles of smallpox; patho-
genic for rabbits. Bacterium oleae, Arcangeli. Said
to cause the so-called tuberculosis (" Maladie de la
loupe;" "Rogner") of olives. Bacterium ova-
tum, Lebert. S ma bombycis, Nageli. Bac-

terium pasteurianum, or Bacterium pastorianum.
See Bacillus pasteurianus, Hansen. Bacterium
periplanetae, Tichomirow. Found in the common
cockroach [Beriplanct.c orient alis), and producing in
it a specific disease. Bacterium pfltigeri, Liidwig,

Photobacterium ppZiigeri, I.udwig. Bacterium
phosphorescens, Hermes. See Bacillus phospho-
reus, Cohn. Bacterium Phosphorescens, Cohn.
See Photobacterium phosphorescens. Bacterium
photometricum, Engelmann, Found in water;
motion dependent on light ; possibly not a bacterium
at all. Bacterium pneumoniae, Bacterium pneu-
moniae crouposae, Friedlander. Set Bacillus pneu-
monia friedl&nderi. Bacterium porri, Tommasi-
Crudeli. Found in warts. Bacterium prodigio-
sum. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bac-
terium pseudopneumonicum. See Bacillus pseudo-
pneumonicus, Fliigge. Bacterium punctum, Rivolta.
See Bacterium lineola ( Miiller), Cohn. Bacterium pu-
tredinis, Davaine. Syn., Bacterie de la pourriture.
Found in rapidly-decaying plants. Cf. Bacterium
gummis, Comes. Bacterium pyriforme, Hansen.
Found in the air. Bacterium radicicola, Praz-
mowski. Syn., Bacillus radicicola, Beyerinck ; Rh
Hum leguminosarum, Frank. Found in the soil,
particularly in the roots of the Leguminosa, where
they are held to stimulate the cells to unusual
growth, affect nitrification, constitute the " bacteroid- "
of Woronin, and form the so-called " bacteroid tis-
sue." Bacterium rosaceum metalloides, Dow
deswell. See Bacillus ruler, I' rank, Cohn. Bacte-
rium rubescens, l.ankester. See Beggiatoa re
persicina, Zopf. Bacterium septicaemiae, Koch.

Bacillus septicemia hemorrhagica, Sternberg.
Bacterium septicum sputigenum. See Bacillus
septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Bacterium subtile,
Buchner. See Bacillus suit His, Ehrenberg. Bacte-
rium sulfuratum ; Bacterium sulphuratum,
Warming. See Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf '. Bac-
terium sulfureum, Rosenheim. Found in wine.
nliqf. Evolves 1 1 ,S. Bacterium syncyaneum,
1 brenberg, Schroter. See Bacillus cyanogenus,
Hueppe. Bacterium synxanthum, Schroter.
Bacillus synxanthus. Bacterium termo, Dujardin
and Ehrenberg. Syn., Bacillus termo, Davaine.
Bacterie [Baet, rium) commune, Pasteur. Bacterium
bacillus, Pasteur. Cryptococcus nutans, Kiitzing.
Cryptococcus nebulosus, Kiitzing. Micrococcus crepus-
culum. Cohn. Zooglcea termo i Miiller), Cohn. Monas

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, aimer -anaerobic, die chrom^genic. Jacanaer. =- facultative anaerobic. Kqf. — liquefac-
tive monom. ■ monomorphic. mot. — motile nliqf. non-liq mica. non-motile, npg. »=non-patho|

obi. = obligate, oscl. ■— oscillating, £g\ — pathogenic, phos. -phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. —"Saprophytic,

BAC1 l.KIA

173

BACTERIA

termo, Mtiller. Palmella infusionum, Ehrenberg.
Long considered the most characteristic microbe of
filth and putrefaction; but shown by riauser to be a
collective -pedes. The name is now reserved for
Yignal's species, while Bacillus termo may perhaps be
reserved for the flagellate forms studied by Dallinger
and Drysdale, or discarded entirely. Bacterium
termo, Vignal. Found in the saliva of healthy per-
sons, ni'r. , lit//., mot., chg. (yellowish gray), j
Bacterium tholoideum, Gessner. Syn., Bacillus
of Gessner. Found in the intestinal contents of
healthy persons. Resembles Bacillus lad
Escherich. pg. (for mice and guinea pig- |. Bacte-
rium tremulans, Trevisan. See Bacterium lineola,
Cohn. Bacterium triloculare, Ehrenberg. See
Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Bacterium tubercu-
losis, /opt. Bacterium tuberculosum, Koch.
See Bacillus tuberculosis , Koch. Bacterium tumes-
cens, Zopf. See Bacillus tumesceus, Zopf. Bacte-
rium typhosum. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis,
Eberth and Gaffky. Bacterium ulna. See Bacillus
ulna, Cohn. Bacterium ulna, Cohn. See Micro-
coccus urea. Bacterium ureae, Jaksch. Found in
ammoniacal urine, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. Not suffi-
ciently investigated. Bacterium vermiforme. Ward.
Found in fermented ginger beer. Bacterium viride,
See Bacillus viridis, Van Tieghem. Bacterium
violaceum, Bergonzini. Syn., Chromobacterium
violaceum, Bergonzini. found in putrefying solutions
of egg albumen, chg. (violet). Bacterium xanthi-
num. See Bacillus syn tanthus, Ehrenberg and
SchrSter. Bacterium xylinum, A. J. Brown. Found
in solutions of carbohydrates, giving rise to acetic
acid, and converting dextrose into gluconic acid, ami
mannitol into levulose. Bacterium zopfii, Kurth.
See Bacillus zopfii. Bacteroides, Woronin. Micro-
organisms forming tubercles in the roots of leguminous
plants, and assisting in the fixing of nitrogen. Batte-
ria chromogene, Ital. Chromogenic microbes.
Batterio della pellagra, Ttal. See Bacillus maidis,
Cuboni. Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Syn., Beggiatoa
punctata, Trevisan. Beggiatoa leptomitiformis, Men-
eghi. Oscillaria alba, Vaucher. Hygrocrocis vandelli,
Meneghi. Next to Cladothrix the most common bac-
terium of water, forming a superficial layer in the mud
called barigine or glairine, q. v. Beggiatoa alba,
var. marina, Cohn. Syn., Beggiatoa osrstedtii,
Rabenhorst. See Beggiatoa marina, Cohn. Beggi-
atoa arachnoidae, Agardh. Syn., Oscillaria arach-
noidea, Agardh. Oscillaria versatilis, Kutz. Found
in swamps and sulphur springs. Beggiatoa lepto-
mitiformis, Meneghi and Trevisan. Syn., Oscillaria
leptomitiformis, Meneghi. Found in sulphur springs.
Beggiatoa marina, Cohn. Syn., Beggia'oa alba,
var. marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa cersteJii, Rabcnhor-t.
Found in a salt water aquarium, forming a whitish
slimy layer on dead fish. Beggiatoa minima,
Wanning. Found in sea water; gray. Beggiatoa
mirabilis, Cohn. Found in a salt water aquarium;
snow white. Beggiatoa multisepta. See Prag-
midiothrix multisepta, Engler. Held by Zopf to be
identical with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Beggiatoa
nivea, Rabenhorst. Syn. , Leptonema niveum. Sym-
phio'hrix nivea, Brugger. Found in sulphur springs.
Beggiatoa nodosa, Van Tieghem. A doubtful
form characterized by nodes in the filaments, which
differ from other members of the genus in the absence
of sulphur grains and of motion. Beggiatoa cersted-
tii. Rabenhorst. See Beggiatoa alba, var. marina , Cohn.

Beggiatoa pellucida, Cohn. found in a marine
aquarium ; sulphur grains few. Beggiatoa punc-
tata, Trevisan. See Beggiatoa alba, Cohn. Beggia-
toa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Syn., Bact rium ru

iter. Bacterium sulfuratum or Bacterium
ihuratum, Wanning. Clathrocysth ro ma,

Cohn. Cohnia ina, Winter, Kiitzing.

Microhaloa ros a, Kutz. Ophidiomonas tanguin a,
Ehrenberg. /'/ ina, Rabenhorst.

Peach-colored bacterium. Morphologically identical
with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Forms rose-colored
to violet pellicles on putrid matter. I': ■■ ,.te-

rio-purpurin. Beggiatoa tigrina, Rabenhorst. Syn.,
Oscitlaria tigrina, Ronier. found in swamps on
submerged wood, forms a thin white layer. Bie-
nenfaulbrutbacillus. See Bacillui al; hire

and Cheyne. Bienstock's Bacillus. Bienstock's
Bacillus aus Faeces. Bienstocks Putrefactive
Bacillus. Bienstock's Putrefactive Bacillus from
the Feces. See Bacillus putreficus coli, Bienstock.
Blutbacillus. Microbe of the blood. Blutpilz.
See Bacillus prodigiosus , Ehrenberg. Bodenbacillus.
Microbe of the soil. Bollingera equi, Saccardo.
See Micrococcus botryogenes, Rabe. Brauner Kar-
toffelbacillus, Cer. See Bacillus mesentericus fuscu .
Fliigge. Brieger's Bacillus. See Bacillus cavicidus,
Brieger. Brunnenfaden. See Crenothrix kithniana
Rabenhorst. Buff Bacillus of Spreading Edema,
A. B. Harris, nliqf., air., dig. (buff), pleom.
Butterbacillus, Cer., Buttersaurebacillus, Butyl-
bacillus, Cer. See Bacillus butvricus, Prazmowski.
Capsule Bacillus of Loeb. Obtained from a case
of keratomalacia infantum, aer., facanaer., nliqf.,
nmot., pg. Resembles Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeiffer.
Capsule Bacillus of Ozena, Marano. Found in the
nasal secretions in ten cases of ozena. Resembles
Bacillus pneumonia- fri •dldnderii. Cf. Micrococcus
lojwenbergii. Capsule Bacillus of Smith. See
Bacillus capsulatus smithii. Champignon du tube
digestif du lapin et autres herbivores, Remack.
See Saccharomyces guttulatus , Robin. Cheese Spiril-
lum. See Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Chromo-
bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. See Bacterium
tm, Bergonzini. Chromogene Bacterien,
Ger. Syn., Bacteries chromogenes, Fr. Batteria
chromogeni, It. Chromogenic bacteria. Chromo-
genic Micrococci. Chromogenous Micrococci.
Microcoque chromogene, Fr. Chromogenic micrococci.
Chromogenous Bacteria. Bacteries chromogenes,
Fr. Batteria cromogeni, Ital. Chromogenic bacteria.
Cladothrix bovis. See Actinomyces bonis, Harz.
Cladothrix canis. Held by Rabe to be very like
Actinomyces bovis. Cladothrix dichotoma, Cohn and
Zopf. See Leptothrix ochracea, Kiitzing. Myconostoc
gregarium, Cohn. Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Syn. ,
Crenothrix fcersteri, Streptothrix faersteri, Cohn.
Leptrothrix der Thranenrohrchen, Graefe, Ger.
Forms yellowish or grayish concretions in the human
lachrymal ducts. Cladothrix intricata, Russel.
Obtained from sea mud (bay of Naples), aer., liqf.,
mot. Clathrocystis roseo-persicina, Cohn. See
Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Clostridium buty-
ricum, Prazmowski. See Bacillus butyricuS, Praz-
mowski. Clostridium fcetidum, I. iborius. See Ba
cillus faiiaus, Passet. Clostridium of Symptomatic
Anthrax for Charbon\ Neelsen and Ehlers. E
Bacillus chauvai, Bollinger and Feser. Clostridium
polymyxa, Prazmowski. See Bacillus polymyxa,
Prazmowski. Coccobacillus pyogenes ureae, ROr-

Abbreviations. — aer. — < aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. — facultative anaerobic, liqf. = liquefac
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. — non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic.
obi. — obligate. oscl. = oscillating, pg. — pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleom. — pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic

BACTERIA

171

RAi 1 I KIA

y. See/' genes tin-.,-, R5rsing. Cocco-

bacteria septica, Billroth. The single term under
which Billroth includes all putrefactive bacteria.

nice hatnorrh , Sternberg. Coc-

cobacteria ureae, Rorsing. See Dip
urea, Rorsing. Coccobacterium lyssae, Rivolta.
Pasteur. Cohnia roseo-persi-
cina. Winter and Kiitzing. See

Colon Bacillus of Escherich. See

Comma Bacillus, Comma

bacillus of Koch. Comma-shaped Bacillus, Waten.

Bacillo en virgule, bacille virgule, Fr. Komma-

irgola, bacillo virgolato, Ital.

ula, bacillo virgulado, Sp. See Spirillum

Koch. Cornalian Corpuscles.

Microbe de la pebrine. Corpuscles brillants.

!u . Passet. Corpuscles du ver

du soie. See Mi, us. Coryza diplo-

cocci. See M zureus, Schroter and

Winckler. Cremefarbiger Micrococcus, List, Ger.

u . List. Crenothrix fcersteri,

o. See ( 'ladothrix fcersteri. Crenothrix kiih-
niana, Saccardo and Rabenhorst. Syn., Creno-
thrix \ Cohn. Hypaothrix kuhniana,

'othrix kuhniana, Brunnenfaden. Found in
drinking water, to which they impart a disagreeable
taste. Crenothrix polyspora, Cohn, S& \rix

kuhniana, Saccardo and Rabenhorst. Cryptococcus
alveareus. See Bacillus alvei. Cheshire and Cheyne.
Cryptococcus clava, Wedl. Found in the stomachs
of ruminants. Cryptococcus cerevisiae, Robin.
Cryptococcus fermentatum, Kiitzing. See Sacchar-
ori] visia, Reess and Robin. Cryptococcus

glutinis, Fersen. See Saccharomyces glutinis. Cryp-
tococcus guttulatus, Robin. See Saccharomyces gut-
tulatus. Cryptococcus natans, cryptococcus nebu-
losus, Kiitzing. See Bacterium termo, Dujardin and
Davaine. Cryptococcus of Yellow Fever. See
C. xanthogenicus, Freire. Cryptococcus xantho-
genicus, Domingo-Freire. Considered by I). Freire
to be the cause of yellow fever. Cf. Bacillus of
yellow fever. Darmbacillen. Bacilli of the intes-
tine. Darmbacillen von Schottelius. See Bac-
illus c fidus, Schottelius. Denecke's
Cheese Bacillus. See Spirillum tyrogenum.
Dengue Micrococci. See Scheutzia laughlini.
Detionella ochracea, Saccardo. See Leptothrix
ochracea, Kiitzing. Diplococcus albicans amplus,
Bumm; Grayish white micrococcus. Found in
mucus from the healthy vagina, air., facanaer., liqf,
Diplococcus albicans tardus, Unna and
Tommasoli. Found in eczema, aer., nliqf., nmot.
Diplococcus albicans tardissimus. Morphologi-
cally identical with the Gonococcus ; but more adher-
ent, forming small masses, aer. , nliqf., npg. Dip-
lococcus citreus conglomeratus, Bumm. Obtained
from the air, in dust, and from gonorrheal pus. cur.,
facanaer., liqf.,chg. (lemon yellow \,npg. Diplococ-
cus citreus liquefaciens, Unna and Tommasoli.
I ound on the skin incases of eczema seborrhceicum.
., liqf, nmot., chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Diplo-
coccus coryzae, Klebs and Hajek. Obtained from
the nasal secretions in cases of acute nasal catarrh.
aer. , nliqf., u p . Diplococcus der Pferdepneu-
monie. See I liplococcus of pneumonia in horses,
Schiitz. Diplococcus des Pemphigus acutus,
Demme. See 1 tiplococcus of pemphigus acutus,
I >emme. Diplococcus flavus liquefaciens tardus,
Unna and Tommasoli. found on the skin in cases of

eczema seborrhoeicum. aer., facanaer., liqf, chg,
(chrome-yellow), npg. Diplococcus fluorescens
foetidus, Klamann. • Ibtained from the posterior nares.
air., facanaer., Hqf, rass green to violet), npg.

Diplococcus intercellularis meningitidis. Gold-
schmidt and Weichselbaum. Found within the cells
of the exudates in cerebro-spinal meningitis, aer.,
nliqf., pg. Diplococcus jaune blanc. SeeMicroi
cus subflavus, Bumm. Diplococcus lacteus favi-
formis, Bumm. Found frequently in the vagina]
secretions, air., nliqf, npg. Diplococcus luteus,
Adametz. Found in water. aer., liqf, mot. chg.
(yellow), npg. Diplococcus of Gonorrhea. See
Mi gonorrhoea, Neisser. Diplococcus of

Orchitis, Hugouneng and Eraud. Syn., Orchiococ-
cus. Frequently found in gonorrheal pus during the
first tew days, aer., nliqf, pg. The specifii microbe
of blennorrhagic epididymitis. Diplococcus of
Ozena, Loewenberg. Found in the secredons in cases
of ozena. Diplococcus of Pemphigus, Diplococ-
cus of Pemphigus Acutus, Demme. Syn.. Micro-
coccus of Demme. Diplocoi Pemphigus acu-
tus, Ger. Found in the bulla- of pemphigus, air.,
nliqf, pg. Resembles the Gonococcus. Diplococcus
of Pneumonia in Horses, Schiitz. Syn., Diplococ-
cus der Pferdepneumonie. Obtained from the lungs
of a horse affected with acute pneumonia. aer.,
nliqf, pg. Diplococcus pneumoniae fibrinosae,
Friedlander. See Bacillus pneumonie friedlanderi.
Diplococcus pneumoniae, Weichselbaum.
Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Diplococcus
pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. Syn., Diplococcus urea,
Rorsing. Coccobacillus pyogenes urea, Rorsing.
cobacterium urea, Rorsing. found in purulent urine.
Cf. Diplococcus urea trifoliatus, Rorsing. Micrococ-
cus pyogenes urea flavus, Rorsing. Diplococcus
roseus, Bumm. Found in the air. air., facanaer.,
liqf, chg. (pink), npg. Diplococcus ureae, Rorsing.
See Diplococcus pyogenes urea, Rorsing. Diplococ-
cus ureae trifoliatus, Rinsing. Found in purulent
urine. Cf. Diplococcus pyogenes urea, RSrsing.
Mi ro, occus pyogenes urea flavus, Rorsing. Dispora
caucasica, Kern. Sec Bacillus caucasicus, Kern.
Drumstick Bacillus. See Bacillus putrificus coli,
Bienstock. Einheimischer Leuchtbacillus. S( e
Bacillus phosphorescens indigenus, Fisher. Eisbacil-
len. Bacilli of ice. Eiterbacillen, Eiterkokken,
Eitermikroben. Microbes of pus. Eiterketten-
kokkus. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach.
Emmerich's Bacillus, Emmerich's Neapler
Bacillus. See Bacillus neapolitanus. Endosporous
bacteria. Syn., Bactiries endospores, Fr. Endosporen-
Bacterien, ( Jer. Bacteria that produce by endogen-
ous spore formation. Epsilon Bacillus, Miller.
See Spirillum iinkleri. Erdbacillus. See Bacillus
myocoides, Fliigge. Erdebacillen, Erdebacterien.
Microbes of the soil. Erythroconus litoralis,
GErstedt. See Sarcina litoralis. '1 rstedt. Essig-
ferment, Essigpilz. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing.
Faecesbacillen, Ger. Bacilli of the feces. Faul-
nisbacillen, (ler. See Bacillus saprogenes, I, II.
Ill, Rosengarten. Faulnisbacterium, Ger. See
Bacterium termo. Dujardin and Davaine. Faul-
nisbacterien. Bacteria of putrefaction. Feet-sweat
Bacillus. See Bacillus fatidus. Bacillus sapro-
genes, II, and Bacterium gri Ferment de
la fermentation butyrique, Fr. See Bacillus buty
ricus, Prazmowski. Fettbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus
butyricus Prazmowski. Finkler-Prior's Bacillus.

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, an aer. ^a.n;\>

tive. monotn. -=- monomorphic. mot. — motile.

obi. — obligate, oscl.

ch.tr. = ehromogenic. facanaer. »• facultative anaerobic, liqf. ™ liquefac-

nltqf. =" non-liquefactive nmot. "non-motile, npg. non-pathoeenic.

oscillating. pg.*= pathogenic, phos.— phosphorescent, pleom. — pleomorphic, sap. saprophytic.

BACTERIA

175

BA( 1 ERIA

See Spirillum Finkler-Prior. Fiore del vino e della
birra, Ital. Sec Saccharomyces mycoderma, !<• i
Fitz'scher Aethylbacillusj Ba illussubti

Ehrenberg, etc. Flesh colored Bacillus, I
Found in water. aer. , //■//'. mot., ckg. (pink), n
Flowers of Wine. See Saccharomyc mycoderma,
Reess. Fluorescent bacilli. Bacilles fluoresceins,
Fr. Fluorescirende Bacillen, der. See Bacillus
jluorescens putidus, Bacillus erythrosporus , Bacillus
fluorescens liquefaciens, etc. Fraenkel's Pneumo-
bacillus, Fraenkel'scher Diplococcus, Fraenkel-
Weichselbaum'scher Pneumococcus, Fraenkel'-
scher Pneumonie - Diplococcus. See Bacillus
septicus sputi^outs, Fliigge. Frog-spawn Bacte-
rium of Sugar Factories, Frog-spawn fungus,
Froschlaich, Froschlaichpilz, ( rei See Leut onostoc
nusenter aides. Gaffkya tetragenes, Saccardo. See
Micrococcus tetragenus, ( lafi'ky. Gahrungerregende
Bacillen, Ger. Zymogenic bacilli. Gasbildende
Bacillen aus dem Magen, Ger, See Bacillus lactis
aerogenes, Escherich. Gasbildende Bacillen aus
Wasser, Ger. Bacilli of water. Gas Forming Ba-
cillus. See Bacillus gasoformans, Eisenberg. Gelber
Bacillus. See Bacillus luteus, Fliigge. Gelber
Traubencoccus. See Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus,
Ogston. Ginger Beer Plant, Marshall Ward. Forms
jelly-like, semi-transparent, yellowish-white, brain-like
masses at the bottom of the fermentation; resemble.-.
Caucasian kephir grains; it is a symbiotic association
of Saccharomyces piriformis, and of Bacterium vermi-
forme. Glacier Bacillus, Gletscherbacillus. See
Bacillus fluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Glatthaut-
bildender Kartoffelbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus
leiodermos, Loffler. Gliococcus, a micrococcus with
a slimy capsule. Glycerinathylbacillus, Glycer-
inaethylbacterium. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg,
Cohn, etc. Golden Staphylococcus. See Staphy-
lococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston, Beeker. Gomme
de sucrerie. See Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Cien-
kowski. Gonococcus, Gonococque, Gonorrhcecoc-
cus. Syn., Trippercoccus. See Micrococcus gonorrh
Neisser. Grains de kephyr. See Bacillus can
icus, Kern. Gray-white micrococcus, Bumm.
See Diplococcus albicans ampins, Bumm. Griingel-
ber Bacillus aus Wasser, Ger. Greenish-yellow ba-
cillus of water. Gummibacillus, Ger. See, B. lio-
dermos, Loffler. Haematococcus bovis, Babes. Syn.,
Microbe de l'hemoglobinurie du btcuf. Zimmermann.
Obtained from the blood and viscera of cattle dead
of an epidemic, infectious disease characterized by
hemoglobinuria (in Roumania). aer. , facanaer.,
nliqf. , pg. Harnmicrococcus. See Micrococcus
urea, Cohn. Harnsarcine, Hartze. See Sarcina
of urine. Harnstoffmicrococcus. See Micrococcus
urece, Cohn. Hauser's Faulnisbacillen. See
Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, /' ' u zenkerii.
Hay bacillus, Bacille du foin, Fr. Heubacillus.
Ger. Bacillus del tieno, Ital. See Bacillus subtilis,
Ehrenberg. Helicobacterium aerogenes, Miller.
See Bacillus aerogenes, III, Miller. Helicobac-
terium klebsii, Escherich. Found in the intestine
of guinea pigs, pleom. Helicomonas, Klebs. Syph-
ilis fungus. Ct'. Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten.
Heubacillus. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg.
Heubacillusahnlicher Bacillus. < I-er. Sec Bacillus
subtilis simulans, Bienstock. Heupilz, See Bacillus
subtilis, Ehrenberg. Hirse des Propheten. See
Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Hormiscium cerevisiae,
Bonard. Hormiscium vini. Hormiscium vini

et cerevisiae, Bonard. See Saccharomyce • m
derma. Hostienblut. See B
Ehrenberg. Huhnercholerabacillus. Hiihner-
micrococcus. Bacillus of chicken cholera. Sei Ba
cillus s- kemon Sternberg. Huep-

pe's Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation
— Hueppe's Buttersaurebacillus. See 6
butyricus, Hueppe. Hundswutbacillus. See Ba
cillus lyssce, Basteur. Hygrocrocis vandelli, Men-
eghi. See Beggiatoa alba, Trevisan. Hypaeothrix
kuehniana. S( i Crei kuhniana. Indi

scher Leuchtbacillus. See Bacillus phosphoresce?! s
indicus, Fischer. Influenzabacillus. -see Bacillus
of Influenza, Pfeiffer. Iodococcus vaginatus
Miller. Found in unclean mouth-, gives peculiar
reaction with iodin, the sheat stained yellow,

the cocci dark blue. Jequeritypilz. See Bacillus
of jequirity ophthalmia. Kartoffelbacillus. Potato
bacillus, applied to Bacillus mesentericus fit.
lliigge; Bacillus mesentericus ruber, Globig ; and
Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, Fliigge. Kasespiril-
lum. See Spirillum tyrogenum, I teneke. Kefir-
bacillus. Kefirferment. See Bacillus caucasi
Kern. Keuchhustenpilz, Burger. See Bacillus tussis
convulsive, Afanassiew. Knauelbildender Bacillus,
Ger. See Bacillus zopfii. Koch's Bacillus, Koch'
scher Bacillus. Kommabacillus der Cholera
asiaticae. Koch's Comma Bacillus, Kommaba-
cillus. See Spirillum cholera asiaiica, Koch. Kot-
bacillen. Syn., Bacilles des selles, Fr. Bacilli
of the feces. Krankheiterregende Bacillen for
Bacterien). Pathogenic bacilli. Lanceolate Coc-
cus, Lancet-shaped Micrococcus, Talamon.
Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Leprabacil-
lus. See Bacillus lepra, Hansen. Leptonema
niveum See Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Lepto-
thrix buccalis. Robin, l'ilz der Zahncaries, Ger.
Syn Leptothri x gigantea , M iller. Leptothrix pulm. •>/ -
alis, Rasmussenia buccalis. Saccardo. Found in the
mouth of man and animals, falsely considered the
cause of dental caries Leptothrix buccalis ot
Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis (a), Vignal. Lepto-
thrix epidermidis. Syn. , Bacillus epidermidis, Biz-
zozero. Microsporon minutissimum . Burchart. Found
on the epidermis between the toes, and held by Biz-
zozero to be non-pathogenic, but by Boeck as the cause
of erythrasma. Leptothrix der Thranenrohrchen.
See Cladothrix faersteri, Cohn. Leptothrix gi-
gantea, Miller. Found on the teeth of dogs, sheep,
cattle and other animals affected with Pyorrhea
alveolaris. Some consider it identical with Leptothrix
buccalis, Robin. Leptothrix hyalina. Reinsch.
Found on marine algre. Leptothrix innominata,
Miller. See, Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Lepto-
thrix kuhniana. See Crenothrix kuhniana Sac-
cardo. Leptothrix lacrimalis. Syn. Leptothrix
der Thranenrohrchen. See Cladothrix foersteri, Cohn.
Leptothrix lanugo, Kiitzing. Found on marine
algas near Heligoland. Leptothrix maxima buc-
calis, Miller. See Bacillus buccalis maximus, Miller.
Leptothrix muralis . Kiitzing. See i ira-

sitica. Leptothrix natans. See Splnrrotilus natans,
Saccardo. Leptothrix ochracea. Kiitzing. Syn.
Detionella ochracea, Saccardo. Cladothrix Jichotoma,
Zopf. According to Zopf, this represents filaments of
Cladothrix stained with oxid of iron. Leptothrix
of Puerperal Fever, Leptothrix puerperalis, Fettz.
See Bacillus puerperalis, Engel and Spillman.
Leptothrix parasitica, Kiitzing. Parasitic on fresh

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, ana'er. = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, tiqf = liquefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic-
obl. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating, pg. = pathogenic, p/ios = phosphorescent. pleom.— pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic

BA< TERIA

176

B \« TERIA

9 al ["his and u netically

lected with />;.■ mu . Kiitzing, the

nary hormogones of which produce filaments
known as -V um, Rabenhorst ; the cells of

tin- N filaments eventually separate and

Luce slender filaments constituting Leptothrix
. Kiitzing I Bennet and Murra) i.
Leptothrix pulmonalis. Sec Leptothrix
Robin. Leptothrix pusilla, Rabenhorst. Found
on fresh water alg . also in the mouth, Klebs.
Leptothrix symplacoides, Dickie. Found on
marine algae. Leptothrix vaginalis. Found in the
aimals and women. Leptothrix varia-
bilis, Saccardo. Found in saliva of healthy persons.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides. \ an lie-hem. Syn.,

. ( ienkowski. i iomme de
Sucrerie, Fr. Froschlaich, Froschlaichpilz, 1'ilz der
trSngahrung, Ger. Frog spawn bacterium of
sugar factories, Frog -pawn fungus. A source of
• the manufacturers of beet sugar, fre-
quently and rapidly converting large quantities of the
beet juice into a mucilagino-gelatinous mass. Libor-
ius's Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation,
Liborius. Buttersaurebildender Bacillus, Ger. See
illus butyricas, Prazmowski. Lissophyton sus-
pectum, llallier. See Bacillus lyssa, Pasteur. Lues-
bacillus. See Bacillus syphilides, Lustgarten. Luft-
bacillen. Syn.. Bacilli of the air. Bacilles de l'air.
Luftbacterien. Bacteria of the air. Lungenseuche-
micrococcus. See Micrococcus of bovine pneumonia,
Poels and Nolen. Lupusbacillen. Bacilli of lupus,
identical with Bacillui tu . Koch. Mause-

septikamieahnlicher Bacillus, Eisenberg. See Ba-
parvus. Melunella flexuosa, Borg.
Spirillum rugula, M idler. Merismopedia chon-
droidea. With, Merismopedia glauca. See Sar-
chtii rent's, Hepworth. Merismopedia goodsirii.
Sarcina ventrt i . Goodsir. Merismopedia
hyalina. Kiitzing. Sarcina kyalina, Kiitzing. Mer-
ismopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst. See Sarcina
lit oralis, t Frstedt. Merismopedia reitenbachii, Cas-
pary. See Sarcina reitenbachii, Caspary. Meris-
mopedia urinoe, Rabenhorst. See Sarcina urines,
Welcker. Merismopedia ventriculi, 1 Iusein. See
Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopedia viola-
cea, Kiitzing. See Sarcina violacea, Kiitzing.
Meerschweinchenbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus cavi-
cidus, Urieger. Metallacter anthracis, Trevisan.
mthracis, Pollender and Davaine.
Metallacter tremulus, Trevisan. See Bacillus
tremulus, Koch. Metallacter ulna, Trevisan. See
ulna, Cohn. Micoderma cerevisiae, Trecul.
haromyces mycoderma, Reess. Microbe de
l'hemoglobinurie du bceuf, Zimmerman. See Hema-
toco, u .Babes. Microbe de l'araignee. SeeMi-

croccocus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau. Microbe
de la bouton d'Alep, Microbe de la bouton de
Nil, Microbe de la bouton d' Orient, Microbe de
la clou de Biskra, Microbe de la clou de Gafsa
(Po e Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Microbe

de la clavelee. See Bacterium of Sheep-pox.
Microbe de la dysenterie epidemique, Chantemesse
and Widal. - .< .&W. Microbe

de la fievre jaune, Freire, Rebougeon and Carmonay
\ alle. Syn. , Microi ot ■ us i ( ryptococcus) xanthogenicus
Freire, Micrococcus of Freire. Obtained from tin-
blood of yellow fever patients; attenuated by heat,
and used by permission of the Emperor of Brazil (Nov.,
1882) to inoculate several hundred persons. Thi

organism described < armona j \ alle, appears to be

fungus not related to the bacteria. ' 1. bacillus
of yellow fev(i. Babes. Microbe de la fievre
typhoide, Tayon. See Bacillus tvplii abdotninalis,
f berth. Microbe de la flacherie. Microbe de la
maladie des morts-plats. See Micrococcus bomby-
. Cohn. Microbe de l'hemoglobinurie du boeuf,
Zimmermann. See Hamatoa Microbe de

la pebrine. Syn. , Bacterium ovatum, Lebert ; Bacillus
-pasteuriantts, Hansen; Micrococcus ovatus ; Micrococ-
cus pasteurianus ; Nosema bombycis, Nageli; l\m-
hystophyton ovatum; Lebert; Micrococcus of pebrine ;
Cornelian corpuscles ; Cornelian bodies; Micrococcus
der Fleckenkrankheit, Ger. ; Corpuscles du ver a soie}
Fr. I he specific microbe of a disease of silkworms
known for hundreds oi years, called pebrine, gattine,
petechia, maladie des corpu id spotted disease. It

was particularly destructive between 185 ' and 1875.
According to the investigations of Comalia, Leydig,
Balbiani, Pasteur, and Metschnikoff, these bodies
belong to the Ps, r< ,' rmic and are not bacteria at all.
Microbe del mal nero, Ital. See Bacterium gum-
mis, 'onus; or Bacterium putredinis, Davaine.
Microbe des gasigen Gangrans, Ger. See Bacillus
adematis maligni, Koch. Microbe des pus blen
norrhagique, Weiss, Fr. See Micrococcus gonor-

. Neisser. Microbe der Schweinspocken, ( . 1
See Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Microbe
di morbillo, Lanzi, Ital. Microbe du cholera des
poules, Fr. , Pasteur. See Bacillus septicaemia /hemor-
rhagica, Sternberg. Microbe du lait bleu, Fr. See
Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Microbe du pus bleu,
Fr. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Microbe of
Friedlander. See Bacillus pneumonia friedlanderii.
Microbe of Pasteur. Microbe septicemique du
salive, Fr. See Bacillus sputigenus septicus, Fliigge.
Micrococci della rabbia, Ital. See Micrococcus

. and Bacillus lyssa, Pasteur. Micrococco dell
afta epizootica, Ital. See Streptocytus of eczema
epizootica, Schottelius. Micrococcus aceti. See
Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Micrococcus acidi lactici,
Marpman. Found in milk; resembles in its action
Bacillus acidi lactici, llueppe. aer. , nliqf. , nmot. ,
npg. Cf. Spharococcus acidi lactici, Marpman. Mic- '
rococcus acidi lactici liquefaciens, Kriiger. Found
in butter and cheese, aer., facanaer., liqf-, nmot.
Micrococcus aerogenes, Miller. Found in the intes-
tinal tract of man. aer. , liqf., nmot., npg. Micro-
coccus agilis, Ali-Cohen. Found in drinking water.
aer., liqf., mot., npg. A motile coccus, provided with
a flagcllum ; described by Menge. Micrococcus
agilis citreus, Menge. Micrococcus (Diplococcus)
albicans amplus, Bumm. Syn. , Neisseria albicans.
Frequently found in the vaginal secretions, aer., liqf.,
npg. Micrococcus (diplococcus) albicans tardus,
Unna and Tommasoli. Found in eczema, aer., nliqf.,
nmot. Micrococcus albicans tardissimus, Eisen-
berg, Bumm. found in the vaginal secretions of
puerperal women. aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg.
Micrococcus liquefaciens. Von Besser. found in
the nasal secretii ins 1 »f healthy 1 iers< MS. air. , facanaer. ,
liqf., npg. Micrococcus albus urinae. See Micro-
us urinalbus. Micrococcus amylovorus, Bui
rill and Arthur. Syn., Micrococcus "I apple blight.
Bacterium "I pear blight. Produces fermentation in
saccharine fluids, aer., nliqf, mot., (for apple

and pear trees). Cf. Bacillus, butyricus, Prazmowski.
Micrococcus aquatilis, Bolton, bound frequently
in water, aer. , nliqf , npg. Micrococcus aquatilis

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaei l>z. = chromopenic. facanaer. facultative anaerobic liqf. ■— liquefac-

tive. monom. ■ mouomorphic mot. = motile, nliqf. — non-liquefactive. timet non-motile, npg. non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating pg. -pathogenic, /i/ios.- phosphorescent, pleom. pleomorphic, sap. saprophytic.

BAC I I.KIA

I-

l;.\< 1 ERIA

invisibilis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., nliqf,
npg. Micrococcus arei celsii, Bucbner and Sehlen.
Syn., Bacterium decalvans, Thin. Found on the
diseased hairs in Alopecia areata. Cf. Bacillu
alopecia areata, Kasauli, and Microci
art a/a, Robinson. Micrococcus ascoformans.Jolim-.
Sec Micrococcus botryogenus, Rabe. Micrococcus
aurantiacus, • ohn. Syn., Pediococcus aurantia
Found in water, air., nliqf. , chg. (orange-yellow j,
npg. Micrococcus bei hepatitis enzootica porcel-
lorum. See Micrococcus porcellorum. Micrococcus
biskrae. See Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Micro-
coccus blennorrhceus. See Micrococcus gonor-
rhoea, Neisser. Micrococcus bombycis, ('ohn,
Bechamp. Syn., Streptococcus bombycis,- Bechamp.
Micrococcus dc la maladie desmorts plat, Fr. Microbe
de la flacherie, Fr. Micrococcus der Sclilafsucht der
Seidenraupen, < ier. Found in the intestinal tract of
silkworms and other Lepidoptera dead of the epidemic
disease known in France as la Jlacherie ; etiologic
relation demonstrated by Pasteur. Micrococcus
botryogenes, Bollinger, Rabe. Syn., Bollingera
equi, Saccardo ; Ascococcus johnei, Colin ; Micrococcus
ascoformans, [ohne ; Micrococcus of myko-desmoids
of the horse. Found in colonies in the connective
tissue of horses affected with "myko-desmoids." a
liqf,pg. Micrococcus candicans, Flugge. Found
abundantly in air and water. aer., nliqf., npg.
Micrococcus candidus, Cohn. Found in water.
air., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus capillorum. Found
on the scalp and said to alter the color of the hair.
aer., i // , . (reddish-yellow). Micrococcus carneus,
Zimmermann. Found in water, aer., nliqf., chg.
(red to violet), npg. Micrococcus cerasinus siccus,
List. aer. , nliqf., chg. (cherry red), npg. Micro-
coccus cereus albus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus
cereus albus. Passet. Found in the pus of acute
abscesses, and by Tils, in hydrant water (Freiburg), aer. ,
nliqf, npg. Micrococcus cereus aureus, Schroter
and Winkler. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus aureus, S.
and W. Found in the thin secretions of coryza. aer.,
nliqf, chg. (orange-red), npg. Micrococcus cereus
flavus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus /7a
Passet. Staphylococcus passetii. Found in an acute
abscess. aer., nliqf, chg. (lemon-yellow), npg.
Micrococcus chlorinus. Occurs in zooglcea masses.
ai:r., chg. (greenish-yellow), npg. Micrococcus
cholerae gallinarum, Pasteur. See Bacillus septi-
cemic hamorrhagicce, Sternberg. Micrococcus cin-
nabareus, Flugge. Syn., Streptococcus cinnabar eus,
Flugge. Found in air and water, aer. , nliqf., chg.
(reddish-brown), npg. Micrococcus citreus, List.
Syn., Staphylococcus citreus. List. Micrococcus couleur
creme, Fr. Cremefarbiger Micrococcus, Ger. Found
in water, also by Lannelongue and Achard in the seat
of an old osteomyelitis, aer., nliqf, chg. (pale-
yellow), npg. Micrococcus citreus conglomeratus,
Bumm. See Diplococcus citreus conglomeratus, Bumm :
Micrococcus concentricus, Zimmermann. Found
in water. aer., nliqf, sap., npg. Micrococcus
conglomeratus, Weichselbaum. Syn., A'eissera con-
glomerata, W. Micrococcus coronatus, Flugge.
Syn., Streptococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Found in
the air. aer., liqf, npg. Micrococcus couleur
creme, List. See Micrococcus citreus. List. Micro-
coccus cremoides, Zimmermann. Found in water.
aer., liqf., chg. (yellowish- white), npg. Micro-
coccus crepusculum, Cohn. See Bacillus termo,
Ehrenberg and Dujardin. Micrococcus cumulatus

tenuis, Von Besser. Found in abundance in the na^,al
muct M. aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Micro-

coccus cyaneus, SchrSter. < obtained from the aii .
boiled pol xer., chg. (cobalt blu- 1 to car-

mine i,\ ai ids, rest ired by alkalies |. Micrococcus de-
calvans, S< Hum d ar-
<lo. Cf. Bacillus of Alopei ia areata, Kasauli, Micrococcus
arei eehii, Bt ind Sehlen; Mil i Mo-
pe, ia areata, Robinson. Micrococcus de la mam-
mite gangreneuse de la brebis, Micrococcus de
la mammite contagieuse de la vache, Fr. See
Micrococcu mastobiu , Nocard and Mollereau. Micro
coccus de la necrose progressive du tissue con-
nective de la souris, Fr. See Mil roi oi i us of
gressive tissue necrosis of mice, Koch. Micrococcus
de la pyemie du lapin, Fr. See Micrococcus of
pyemia in rabbits, Koch. Micrococcus de le rage,
Fr. See.l/ : <e, Neisser. Micrococcus de
la septicemie consecutive du charbon, Charrin.
I ound in the blood and ti--ues of a rabbit inoculated
with blood from another rabbit dead of anthrax, aer.,
mot. . pg. Micrococcus de la septicemie du lapin, Fr.
See Micrococcus of septicemia of rabbits, Koch. Micro-
coccus de la suppuration progressive du lapin,
Fr. See Micrococcus of progressive abscess-forma-
tion in rabbits. Micrococcus der Mastitis der Kiihe,
Ger. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard and Moller-
eau. Micrococcus der Maul- und Klauen-
seuche. See Streptocytus of eczema epizootica,Schot-
telius. Micrococcus des mort plats, Fr.
Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn. Micrococcus der Osteo-
myelitis, Becker. Sett Staphylococcus lur U .
< >g-ton, Becker. Micrococcus der Fleckenkrank-
heit, (Jer. See Microbe de la pebrine, Pasteur.
Micrococcus des Pende'schen Geschwurs.
Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Micrococcus desi-
dens, Flugge. See Micrococcus flavus desidens,
Flugge. Micrococcus des roten Schweisses.
See Micrococcus hcematodes, Babes. Micrococcus
diffluens, Schroter. Found in the air, dust, and
in excrement; common. aer. , nliqf , chg. (yellow,
with a greenish fluorescence; not modified by acids).
Resembles Bacillus fluorescens putidus, Fliigge.
Micrococcus diphtheriticus, Oertel, Cohn, Loftier.
Syn., Streptococcus articulorum, Loftier. Micrococcus
en chaines, Fr. Kettenbildender Bacillus, Ger.,
Loftier. Found in the false membranes, and in the
ti--ues of diphtheria patient-; Comil identities this
with Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. aer., nliqf. .
Micrococcus doyenii. See Micrococcus urines albus
olearius, Doyen. Micrococcus en chaines. Loftier.
See Micrococcus diphtheriticus, ( >ertel, Cohn. Micro-
coccus endocarditicus. Syn., Streptococcus endocardi-
ticus. Micrococcus endocarditidis rugatus, Weich-
selbaum. Found in a case of ulcerative endocarditis.
aer., nliqf, pg. Micrococcus erysipelatis. Micro-
coccus erysipelatos. Micrococcus erysipelatosus,
Fehleisen. See Micrococcus pyogenes. Rosenbach.
Micrococcus fermenti. See Micrococcus viniperda.
Micrococcus fervidosus, Adametz. Found in
water, air., nliqf ,ngp. Micrococcusfickii. Found
in healthy and diseased eve- Micrococcus finlay-
ensis, Sternberg. < obtained from the viscera of a
yellow-fever cadaver, aer., liqf, chg. (pale-yellow),
npg. Micrococcus flavus. See Micrococcus fla
liquefaciens, Flugge. Micrococcus flavus desidens,
Fliigge. Found in air and water, aer.. liqf-. chg.
(yellowish-brown) , npg. Micrococcus flavus lique-
faciens, Flugge. Syn., Mi u flavu . Micrococ-

Abbreviations. — aer. =■- aerobic, an aer. = anaerobic, chg-. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic. liqf.= liqtiefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. — motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic
obi =obligate. osct. = oscillating. pg. = pathogenic, phns. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

12

l; \< l ERIA

17-

l; \i I ERIA

cus liqu Found in air and water. air., liqf.,

yellow . >■■'.. Micrococcus tiavus tardi
gradus, Flugge. Syn., Micrococcus tardigradus.
Found in the air and water, air., nliqf., chg. (dark
olivi Micrococcus fcetidus, Klamann,

jenbach. Found in the posterior nares oi man.
Micrococcus fervidosus, Adametz.
Found in water . nliqf., npg. Micrococcus

freudenreichii, Guillebeau. One of the two forms
found by Guillebeau to produce ropiness in milk, air.,
Uqj . Cf. Bacterium hessii, Guillebeau. Micro-

coccus friedlanderii. Sec Bacillus pneumonia
frie Micrococcus fulvus. Cohn. Syn.,

us fulvus. Found in horse and rabbit
dung, aer. , nmot., nliqf, chg. (rose), npg. Micro-
coccus fuscus, Maschek. Found in water, air.,
nmot., liqf., chg. (sepia-brown), npg. Micrococcus
galliciius. See Bacillus septicemia hemorrhagica,
Sternberg. Micrococcus gelatinosus. Found in
milk, which it causes t<> coagulate at about 2Z° * '.
Micrococcus gingivae pyogenes. Miller. Found in
the mouth of a man affected with alveolar abscess.

, facanair., nliqf., pg. Micrococcus gon-

orrhceae, Neisser. Micrococcus blennorrhams, Neissera

. Micrococcus gonococcus, Microbe du pus

bleunorrhagique, Weiss, Fr. Trippercoccus, Gonor-

rhoecQccus, Ger. Found in gonorrheal pus. aer. No

vth on gelatin ; an obligate parasite, pg. Micro-
coccus griseus, Winter. See Bacterium griseum,
Warming. Micrococcus haematodes. Babes. Syn.,
Micrococcus of red sweat. Micrococque de la sueur
rouge, Fr. Micrococcus des roten Schweisses, Ger.
Found in foul sweat from the axilla, air., chg. (red),
npg. Micrococcus havaniensis, Sternberg. Syn.,

; litis havaniensis, Sternberg. < obtained by Stern-
berg in his investigation of yellow fever, aer. , nliqf,
chg. (blood-red). Only found in the presence of free
oxygen. Micrococcus imetrophus, Trevisan. See

illus prodigiosus, Fhrenberg. Micrococcus
indicus, Koch. See Bacillus indicus, Koch. Mi-
crococcus influenzae, Letzerich. Syn., Streptococ-
cus seiferti, Micrococcus of influenza, Seifert.
Bacillus of influenza, Pfeiffer. Micrococcus insec-
torum, Burrill, Streptococcus insectorum. Found in
the cecal appendages or pancreatic organs in the Chinch
bug [Blissus teueopterus , Say) and the higher Ilemip-
tera Especially recommended as a remedy for the
Chinch bug and for Halticus minutus, so damaging to
the peanut. Micrococcus intercellularis meningi-
tidis, Neumann and Schaffer. Syn., Micrococcus
meningitidis, Neumann. Neisseria Weichselbaumii.
Found in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord in
cases of cerebro spinal meningitis. Micrococcus
lacteus faviformis, I'umm. Syn. , Neisseria lac/a.

|uently found in normal vaginal mucus, air.,
nliqf., npg. Micrococcus lactis viscosus, Conn.
Syn , Micrococcus of bitter milk. Conn. The cause
of the bitter taste of milk and cream, aer., liqf,
nmot., npg. Micrococcus liquefaciens. See
Micrococcus flavus liquefa n , Flugge. Micrococcus
lcewenbergii. Syn., Micrococcus of ozena, Micro
cocque de l'ozene, Fr. Found in the secretions, in
case?, of ozena, aer. , liqf. , pg. Micrococcus luteus,
Cohn. Found in water, the superficial soil, 'lust of
bed- room-, moist foods, etc. air., nliqf, chg. (yel-
low), npg. Micrococcus lyssae, Neisser. Syn.,

reria lyssa, Micrococcus of hydrophobia, Micro
coccus of rabies, Fol. Micrococcus de la rage, Fr.
Found in the spinal cord of rabid animals. Cornil

and Babes throw doubt on the culture experiments of
Fol. Micrococcus major. Doyen. See Micrococcus
urina major, Doyen. Micrococcus manfredii
Syn., Streptococcus manfredii. Micrococcus ol pro

ssive granuloma formation Found in the sputum
of two cases of pneumonia following measles; air.,
nliqf, pg. Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mol-
lereau and Kitt. Syn. , Streptococcus nocardi. Micro
coccus of bovine mastitis, Kitt. Micrococcus of
mastitis in COWS. Streptococcus of mastitis in cows.
Micrococcus of contagious mammitis. Micrococcus
of gangrenous mastitis in sheep, Nocard. Microbe
de la mal de pis. Microbe de l'araignee, Micrococcus
de la mammite contagieuse de la vache, Nocard and
Mollereau, Fr. Micrococcus der Mastitis der Kiihe,
(ler. Obtained from the milk of cows and sheep
affected with mastitis, air., facanair. The form found
in cattle is said to be non-liquefactive ; that of sheep
liquefies both gelatin and blood serum. Sternberg re-
cognizes three distinct forms producing mastitis.
Micrococcus meningitidis, Neumann. See Micro-
coccus intercellularis meningitidis, Neumann and
Schaffer. Micrococcus meningitidis purulentae,
Heydenreich. Micrococcus morbillosus. Syn.,
Streptococcus morbillosus. Micrococcus nasalis,
Hack. Found in the cavuin pharvngonasale. air.,
mot., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus nitrificans, Van
Tieghem. Syn., Micrococque de la fermentation
de l'ammoniaque. Found in water, air., npg. Mi-
crococcus, II, of Fischel. Found in the blood
of two cases of influenza, air. , facanair., liqf.,
pg. Micrococcus oblongus. See Bacterium ob-
longata, Boutroux. Micrococcus ochroleucus,
Prove and I.egrain. Syn., Streptococcus ochroleucus.
Found in urine, aer., nliqf ., chg. (sulphur yellow),
npg. Micrococcus of Acute Infectious Osteo-
myelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosen-
bach. Micrococcus of Alopecia areata, Yon
Sehlen, Robinson, Yaillard and Vincent. Found
on the hairs from the diseased patches, aer., liqf,
pg. Cf. Bacillus of Alopecia areata, and Micrococcus
decalvans. Schroter. Micrococcus of Ammoniacal
Urine. See Micrococcus urea, Cohn, and Micrococ-
cus urea liquefaciens, Flugge. Micrococcus of
Apple Blight. See Bacillus butyricus, Botkin, Praz-
mowski, etc. Micrococcus of Beri-beri, Lacerda.
See Bacillus beribericus, Lacerda. Micrococcus
of Biskra Button. See Micrococcus of Heyden-
reich. Micrococcus of Bitter Milk. See Micro-
coccus, lactis viscosus. Conn. Micrococcus of
Bronchitis, Picchini. Three distinct forms, air.,
nliqf. Cf. Bacillus of Lumnitzer. Micrococcus
of Bovine Mastitis, Kitt. See Micrococcus mas-
tobius, Nocard, Mollereau and Kitt. Micrococcus
of Bovine Pneumonia, Poels and Nolen. Syn.,
Lungenseuchemicrococcus, Micrococcus ol cattle
pneumonia, found in the lungs ol cattle suffering
from infectious pleuropneumonia. aer., nliqf, /;r.
Micrococcus of Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. See
Micrococcus Intercellularis Meningitidis. Neumann
and Schaffer. Micrococcus of Chicken Pox. See
Staphylococcus viridii flavescens, Guttmann. Micro-
coccus of Contagious Mammitis. See ML

it. mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt.
Micrococcus of Cow Pox. See Micrococcus vari
ol,r et vaccina, Cohn. Micrococcus of Dantec.
Obtained from salted codfish which had turned
red. aer., nliqf, chg. (yellow, changing to deep
red), npg. Micrococcus of Demme. See Diplococ-

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, ana'er. = anaerobic, chg. — chromofjenic. facanair. 'facultative anaerobic, tit//. — licjiie-
factive. monom. — monomorphic. oi.it motile, nliqf. — ■ non-1 ique fact ive nmot. non-motile. npg.~ non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate, oscl. — oscillating, fig. <= pathogenic. phos.*~ phosphorescent, pleom. — pleomorphic, sap. ""saprophytic.

BA< i I.KIA

179

BA( 1 ERIA

cus of pemphigus acutus, Demme. Micrococcus of
Dental Caries. Sec Leptothrix Robin;

LeptotkHx gigantea, Miller; Miller's Epsilon Bacillus,
and Spirillum dentium, Arnt. Micrococcus of
Dengue, McLaughlin. See Scheutzia laughlini.
Micrococcus of Diphtheria. Streptococcic articu-
lorum, Loffler. Micrococcus of Disse and Ta-
guchi. Syn., Tokiobacillen. Obtained from th<
blooci, the secretions of broad condyloma, as well
as the primary indurations of syphilitics. Etiologic
relations not confirmed. Micrococcus of Drink-
ing Water. See Micrococcus aquatilis, Bolton.
Micrococcus of Egyptian Ophthalmia. See
Micrococcus of Trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Mi-
crococcus of Endocarditis. Sec Streptoco, u
endocarditicus and Micrococcus endocarditicus ru-
gatus, Weichselbaum. Micrococcus of Erysipelas,
Fehleisen. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach.
Micrococcus of Foot and Mouth Disease.
Syn., Strcptocytus of eczema epizootica, Schottclius,
Slreptocytus apthicola, llallier. Micrococcus der
Maul- and Klauenseuche, Ger. Micrococco dell
afta epizootica, Ital. Found in the vesicular erup-
tions about the mouth and feet of cattle, pigs, and
sheep. Communicable to man. aer. , facanaer. Patho-
genesis not fully settled. Cf. Bacillus of ulcerative
stomatitis of cattle. Micrococcus of Forbes. Found
in the bodies of larvae of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris
rupee, affected with an infectious disease. Micrococ-
cus of Fowl Cholera. See Bacillus septicemia
hcemorrhagiccB, Sternberg. Micrococcus of Freire.
See Mn robe de l<i tievte jaune, Domingo Freire.
Micrococcus of Furuncle, Pasteur. See Bacillus
osteomyelitidis, Becker and Kraske. Micrococcus
of Gangrenous Mastitis in Sheep, Micrococcus
of Gangrenous Mammitis. See Micrococcus masto-
bius. Nocard, Mollereau and Kitt. Micrococcus
of Gonorrhea. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea ', Xeisser.
Micrococcus of Gray Parrot Disease. See Micro-
coccus psittaci, Eberth and Wolff. Micrococcus of
Heydenreich. Syn., Streptococcus biskt\e. Micro-
coccus of Biskra Button. Clou de Biskra, Duclaux.
Microbe de la bouton de Nil, Chantemesse, Microbe
de la clou de Gafsa. Microbe de la bouton
d'Alep, Poucet. Microbe de la bouton d' Orient,
Fr. Micrococcus of Biskra button, Fr. Pendjeh-
geschwiir, Ger. Found in the tumors and ulcers
characteristic of Aleppo boil or Biskra button, aer. ,
tit//., pg. Micrococcus of Hydrophobia. See
Micrococcus lyssie, Pasteur. Micrococcus of Infec-
tious Osteomyelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes
aureus, Rosenbach, and Micrococcus osteomyelitidis,
Becker and Kraske. Micrococcus of Influenza,
Seifert, Streptococcus seiferti. See Micrococcus influen-
zcb, Letzerich. Micrococcus of Kirchner. < Obtained
from the sputum of patients suffering with influenza.
aer.,pg. Micrococcus of Manfredi. See Micrococ-
cus manfredii. Micrococcus of Mastitis, Kitt.
See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau.
Microccocus of Measles, Klebs and Keating. Syn.
Streptococcus morbillosus, Micrococcus morbillo i
Found in the blood and exudates of persons afflicted
with measles. Fliigge considers them unimportant.
Micrococcus of Myko desmoids of the Horse.
See Micrococcus botryogenes, Rabe. Micrococcus of
Osteomyelitis. See Micrococcus /'■■.. n aureus,
< tgston. Micrococcus of Ozena. See Micrococcus
loeivenbergii. Micrococcus of Pear Blight, Burrill.
See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Micrococcus

of Pebrine. See Microbe de la jxibrine, Pasteur.
Micrococcus of Pneumonia. u illus pneu-

monia friedlanderii and Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge.
Micrococcus of Progressive Abscess Formation
in Rabbits, Koch. Syn., Micrococcus de la suppura-
tion progressive du lapin. li Found in the exu-
dates ot rabbits inoculated with putrefying blood.
Micrococcus of Progressive Granuloma Forma
tion. See Micrococcus manfredii. Micrococcus of
Progressive Tissue Necrosis in Mice, Koch. >yn.,
Micrococcus de la necrose pi gi <• du tissue i
n< i live de la souris. I ound in the exudates of mice
inoculated with putrid blood, pg. Micrococcus of
Pyemia in Rabbits, Koch. Found in the exudates
of rabbits inoculated with putrefying flesh infusion.
pg. Micrococcus of Rabies, Fol. See Micrococcus

. Neisser. Micrococcus of Red Sweat.
Mn rut ok us /nematodes. Babes. Micrococcus of
S. Le M.Moore. See Bacillus fcetidus, Liborius.
Micrococcus of Salvioli. See Bacillus sep:,
sputigenu , Fliigge. Micrococcus of Scarlet Fever,
I'ohl and Pincus. See Micrococcus scarlatina-. Mi-
crococcus of Septicemia in Rabbits, Koch, ^yn.,
Streptot :> ■■/ Kb, liii . Micrococcus de la septicemic du
lapin. Fr. Found in the exudates of rabi it- inocu-
lated with putrefying flesh-infusion, pg. Micrococ-
cus of Smallpox. See Microcot cus variola ttvaa ina,
Colin. Micrococcus of Sputum Septicemia. See
Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Micrococcus
of Swine Plague or Hog Cholera. Set Bacilli)
swine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch and Jobert, and
Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Micro-
coccus of Syphilis, rlaberkorn and Marcus, found
in the white blood corpuscles in cases of syphilis, aer.,
osc.,chg. (red). Micrococcus of Trachoma, battler
and Michel. Syn., Neisseria rebellis. Trachomcoc-
cus, Ger. Micrococcus of Egyptian ophthalmia.
Found in the secretions and nodules of the conjunctiva
in cases of trachoma, aer. , nliqf.,pg. Researches
Baumgarten and Kartulis go to show that this form
has no etiologic relation to the diseases mentioned.
Micrococcus of Vaccinia. See Micrococcus variola:
et vaccina-, Cohn. Micrococcus of whooping
cough, Letzerich. Found in the sputum in cases of
whooping cough. See Bacillus tussis . Afa-

nassiew. Micrococcus olearius. See Micrococcus
utina flarms olearius. Micrococcus osteomyelitidis,
Becker. Syn. , Micrococcus of acute infectious osU o-
myelitis. See Micrococcus pyt cus, Rosenbach.

Micrococcus ovalis, Escherich. Found in the meco-
nium and feces of infants, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , npg.
Micrococcus ovatus. See Microbe de la pib\
Pasteur. Micrococcus pasteuri, Sternberg.
Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Micrococcus
petechialis. Syn., Neisseria peleckialis. Micrococ-
cus pfliigeri, Ludwig. See Photobacterium pfliigeri,
Ludwig. Micrococcus phosphoreus, Cohn. See
Bacillus phosphor ;<■ . < '. >bn. Micrococcus plumosus,
Brautigam. Found in water, aer., nliqf. , npg. Mi-
crococcus pneumoniae crouposae, Sternberg. See
Bacillus septicu putigenus, Fliigge. Micrococcus
pneumoniae infectiosae, Friedlander. See Bacillus
pneumonia- friedlanderii. Micrococcus porcellorum.
Syn., Micrococcus bei Hepatitis enzootica porcellorum.
i ;< r. Found in hogs affected with hepatitis | Russia .
aer., Hat., pg. Micrococcus prodigiosus, Cohn.
See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Micrococcus
pseudo-cyanus, < ohn. Found in boiled potatoes
exposed to air. aer., dig. (verdigris green . t

Abbreviations.— aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, cite. = chromogenie. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, liqf. — liquefec-
tive. mottotn. = monomorphic. >>/<>/. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. ttmol. = non-motile, npg. — non-pathogen jc.
obi. = obligate. oscl. = oscillating, pg. = pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleom. = pleomorphic. sap.= saprophytic

BAC1 ERIA

180

BACTERIA

Not sufficiently known. Micrococcus psittaci, Wult"
Syn. , St ■ I m rth and

Wolf. Micrococcus of gray parrot disease. Mia

us der Papageimyco Ger. rhe cause oi a
dis ! ^ I cholera ; fatal to

many of the parrots imported from Guinea into 1 un
Micrococcus putridus. A form emitting a fetid
gas from gelatin when mixed with iodoform
Micrococcus pyocyaneus, Gessard. See Bacillus
ml. Micrococcus pyogenes,
Rosenbach. Syn., St cus

. Von Lingelsheim.
.)// ipelatis \ . Streptococcus *>!

pus. 5 . \ rai Streptococque de

rerysipi kettenkokkus, * rer. . Micrococcus

of erysipelas, Fehleisen. Found in the pus oi ai

-. .m 1 in the skin in cases of erysipelas, aer.,

meter., nliq/., pg. Micrococcus pyogenes al-
bus, Rosenbach. Syn., Staphylococcus pyogenes alius,
Passet. ndermidis a/bus, Welch.

1 i quently found in company with .'/. ococcus

The cause of *' stitch abscesses." aer.,
liqf.. fig. Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosen-
bach. Syn., Staphylococci aureus. Stafilo-
no aureo, Ital. Staphylococque dore, Fr.
ier rraubencoccus, Ger. Micrococcus of infec-
tion- osteomyelitis. The species most frequently found
in pus. * ibtained from various suppurations, boils, an
thrax, osteomyelitis, ulcerative endocardititis, phleg-
mon, etc. a . ■ . chg. (brilliant golden
yell- Micrococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet.
Syn., Staphylococcus citreus, Passet. Microco

flavus. Found associated with the forms first
described in acute abscesses and with Bacillus tuber-
is, Koch, aer., facanaer., Ha/., chg. (lem>>n
yellow), pg. I [eld by some to he but a variety of Mi-
nes aureus. Micrococcus pyogenes
tenuis, Rosenbach. Syn., Micrococcus rosenbachii.

ind in pus. Culture thin, varnish-like ; patho
nesis not settled. Cf. Micrococcus septicu , Fliigge.
Micrococcus pyogenes ureae flavus, Rorsing.

md in purulent urine. Cf. Diplococcus pyogenes
Lorsing; Diplococcus urcc trifoliatus, Rorsing.
Micrococcus pyosepticus, Richet. Syn., Staphylo-
coccus pyosepticus, Hericourt and Richet. Obtained
from a carcinomatous tumor in a dog. aer. , lit//-,
pg. Resembles Mi is, Roseh-

i. Micrococcus radiatus, Flugge. Syn., Strep-
tococcus radiatus, Flugge. Found in air and water.
aer., liq/., npg. Micrococcus rheumarthritidis,
Kiissmaul. See Bacillus rheumarthritidis, Kiiss-
maul. Micrococcus rosenbachii. See Micro-
coccus pyogenes tenuis, Rosenbach. Micrococcus
rosettaceus, Zimmcrmann. Found in water, aer.,
nliq/., npg. Micrococcus roseus, Eisenberg.
1 lund in the sputum of a person suffering from influ-
enza, aer. , /acanaer. ,liq/.t chg. (pinl |, n/ Micro-
coccus roseus, liumm. See Diplococcus ros
I'.umm. Micrococcus roseus, Maggiora, Flugge.
Syn., Neis eriarosea. Found on the skin, aer., >
M crococcus salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Syn.,
Staphylococcus varius pyo en, , Biondi. Found in an
abscess produced in a guinea-pig by inoculation with
saliva from a child affected with anginose scarlatina.
Micrococcus salivarius septicus,
Biondi. obtained from animals after inoculation with
saliva from a person with puerperal septicemia, aer.,
nliq/.,pg. Cf. Microco, pticus. Micrococ-

cus scarlatinae, Micrococcus scarlatinosus, Coze

and Feltz. Syn., Perroncitoa scarlatinosa. Micro-
ti-.i scarlet lever, l'ohl and Pincus. Found in the
blood on the desquamating skin, and on the palate of
scarlet fever patients; resembles Micrococcus septicus,
Fliiggi I t. Streptococcus rubiginosus, Edington, and
Bacillus of scarlet fever, Crooke. Micrococcus
septicus, (ohn. See Bacillus septicemia hemor-
rhagica, Sternberg. Micrococcus septicus, Flugge.
Syn., Streptococcus septicus, Fliigge, and Streptococcus
py, Jaccardo, Streptococcus pneumonia, Weich-

selbaum. Found in soil, aer., nliq/.,pg. Micro-
coccus septopyaemicus. Syn., Strepto repto-
py amicus. Obtained from cases oi phlegmonous angina
and erysipelas of the larynx, air., nliq/., pg. Re
sembles Mi septicus, Fliigge. Micrococcus
sialosepticus. Found in the saliva in a case of puer-
peral septicemia, aer., nliq/., pg. Cf. Mi
salivarius septicus, Biondi. Micrococcus subflavus,
Flugge, Neisser. Syn. , Neisseria subfilava. Yellowish-
white micrococcus or diplococcus, Bumm. Diplococ-
jaune blanc, Fr. Obtained from the lochia of
puerperal women, and from vaginal mucus, aer.,
liq/., pg. Micrococcus suis, Burrill. See Bacil-
lus tardigradus. Micrococcus tardigradus. See
Micrococcus flavus tardigradus, Fliigge. Micro-
coccus tetragenes, Micrococcus tetragenus,
Gaffky. §yn.,Gaffkya tetragenus, Saccaxdo. < Ibtained
from a cavity in the lung of a person with pulmonary
tuberculosis, aer.. facanaer., nliq/., pg. Micrococ-
cus tetragenus, Marotta. Constantly found in small-
pox vehicles and pustules, aer , liq/., pg. Produces
vaccinia in calves. Micrococcus tetragenus febris
flavae, Finlay. Syn., Micrococcus tetragenus versatilis,
Sternberg. < Ibtained from the excrements of mosqui-
toes which had drawn blood from yellow fever pa
tients; also from the surface of the body in the same
disease, (Sternberg), aer., liq/., chg. (lemon-yellow I,
npg. Micrococcus tetragenus subflavus. Von
Messer. Found in nasal mucus. aer., facanaer. (no
growth in gelatin), npg. Micrococcus tetragenus
mobilis ventriculi, Mendosa. Found in the contents
of the stomach of man. aer., nliq/., mot., npg. Micro-
coccus tetragenus versatilis, Sternberg. See Micro-
coccus tetragenus febris flava, Finlay. Micrococcus
. toxicatus, Burrill. Syn., Micrococcus variola- el vac-
cina, Cohn. Streptococcus toxicatus, Burrill. Found in
the poison of the j >• >i -< > 1 1 ivy, Rhus toxicodendron. Mi
crococcus ulceris mollis. See Bacillus of chancroid,
Ducrey. Micrococcus ureae, < Ohn. Syn., Bacterium
urea, ( 'ohn. Streptoeo, , us urea. Torula urea, Pasteur.
Found in urine, in which it produces ammoniacal fer
mentation. Micrococcus ureae, Pasteur and \ an
Tieghem. Found in the air and in ammoniacal urine.
aer., facanaer. , nliq/., npg. Possibly the las) two forms
and the Bacterium w , a . Jak sch, are identical. Micro-
coccus ureae liquefaciens, Flugge. Syn., Streptococ-
cus athebius. Found in ammoniacal urine, aer., fac-
anaer., liqf-, npg. Micrococcus urinalbus. Syn.,
Micrococcus alius urina. Found in the urine in cases
of pyelonephritis and cystitis. Micrococcus urinae
albus olearius. Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus doyenii.
Found under the same circumstances as the la-t form.
aer., liq/. Micrococcus urinae flavus olearius,
Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus olearius. hound in the
urine of cystitis, with the two preceding forms, aer.,
In//'., chg. (golden-yellow). Micrococcus urinae
major, Doyen. Syn.,.lA wa/or. Found in same
circumstances as the three preceding form-.. Micro-
coccus variolas, Micrococcus variolae et vaccinae,

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anal? =anaerobic. cher. —• chrotnogenic. facanaer. facultative anaerobic, liqf.- liquefac-

>•< »om. •=■ monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliq/.- non-liquefactive. mm,/. non-motile, npg, non-pathogenic.

obi. = obligate, oscl. —oscillating. £g\ — pathogenic, phos. — ■ phosphorescent, //rum. pleomorphic, sap. — saprophytic.

BACTERIA

1-1

BAC1 l.KIA

Cohn. Syn., Streptococcus variola, Micrococcus of
smallpox, Micrococcus of vaccinia. Obtained by < ohn,
Guttmann, Marotta, Hlava and others from the lymph
of vaccine pustules in man and animals; li\ < oze and
Feltz from the blood of persons affected with variola;
l>\ i ornil and Bab -, in the lacunae of the mu
cous bodies of variola papules; by Quist and
Voigl from vaccine; (Pfeiffer and Loefl find certain
ameboid or coccidian protozoans whicb they re
gard as specific ; also a fermenl |. I f. Saccharom
vaccina. Micrococcus viridis flavei en , Guttmann,
Micrococcus versatilis. Found on the skin ol healthy
persons, also in the liver, spleen and kidneys after
death In yellow fever. Not sufficiently studied.
Micrococcus versicolor, Fliigge. Found in water.
aer. , nliqf ., chg. (yellow), npg. Micrococcus vini
perda. Syn. , Streptococcus fermenti, Microcot ■ u
menti. Found in spoiled wine. Micrococcus vio-
laceus, Cohn. Found in water, air., nliqf., chg.
(violet), npg. Micrococcus viridis flavescens,
Guttmann. Found in the lymph of a varicella pus-
tule, aer. , nliqf., npg. Micrococcus viscosus,
Pasteur. Found in the disease of wine known as la
graisse. Micrococcus viticulosus, Fliigge, Katz.
Found in air and water. air.,facanair., nliqf., t
Micrococcus xanthogenicus. Cryptococcus xan,
genii its. Freire. Found in cases of yellow fever. Cf.
Microbe de la fievre jaune. Micrococque de la fer-
mentation de Pammoniaque, Fr. See Micrococcus
nitrificans, Van Tieghem. Micrococque chromo-
gene, Fr. Any Chromogenic Micrococcus. Micro-
cocque de la mammite gangreneuse des brebis
laiteres. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mol-
lereau, and Kitt. Micrococque de la sueur rouge.
See Micrococcus hcematodes, Babes. Micrococque de
l'ozene. See Micrococcus Icewenbergii . Microhaloa
rosea, Kiitzing. See Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf.
Microsporon minutissimum, Burchardt. SeeBacil-
lus epidermidis, Bizzozero. Microsporon septicum,
Klebs. See Bacillus septicamia ham vrrhagica, Stern-
berg. Microzyma bombycis, Bechamp. See Micro-
coccus bombycis, Cohn, Heck. Milchsaurebacil-
lus. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Milk-
white Micrococcus, Bumm. See Micrococcus
albicans tardissimus , Kisenberg. Milk Yeast. See
Saccharomyces lactis, Adametz. Miller's Bacillus.
See Bacillus dentalis viridans, Miller, and Spirillum
of Miller. Miller's Bacillus of the Intestine. See
Bacillus aerogenes, T, II, III, Miller. Miller's Epsi-
lon Bacillus. See Epsilon Bacillus, Miller. Milz-
brandbacillus. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender
and Davaine. Monas prodigiosa, Ehrenberg. See
Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Monas termo,
Miiller. See Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Mundhoh-
lebacillen. Bacilli of the mouth. Mycoderma aceti,
Mycoderm du vinaigre, Pasteur. See Bacillus aceti,
Kiitzing. Myconostoc gregarium, Cohn. A spiral
or crumpled condition of a filamentous schizomycete,
perhaps Cladothrix dichotoma, Cohn. Mycoderma
cerevisiae et vini, Desm. Mycoderma mesenteri-
cum,Pers. Mycoderma vini, Pasteur. SeeSaccharo-
mycetes mycoderma, Reess. Nasenschleim vibrio,
Weibel. See Spirillum nasale, Weibel. Nassfaule
bacillus. SeeBacillusof potato rot. Kramer. Neapler
Bacillus. See Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Neis-
seria albicans. See Micrococcus albicans amplus,
Neisser. Neisseria citrea. See Micrococcus citreus con-
glomerate, Bumm. Neisseria conglomerata.
Micrococcus conglomeratus, Weichselbaum. Neisseria

gonorrhoeae. See Mi< rococcus gonorrhoea , Neisser.
Neisseria lactea. .See Mi lacteus favifor-

mis, Neisser. Neisseria lyssae. See Microa
lyss<> , Neisser. Neisseria petechialis. Sei .Micro-
coccus petechialis, Neisser. Neisseria rebellis.
Micrococcus of trachoma, Sattler. Neisseria rosea.
C .1 , Maggiora. Neisseria sub-

flava. See Micrococcus subflavu . Fliigge. Neisseiia
tardissima. See Micrococcu tardissimus,

Bumm. Neisseria weichselbaumii. See Micro-

intercellularis meningitidis, Neumann and
>i haffer. Neisseria winckleri. See Bacillus 6
bericu . Lacerda. Nitrifying Bacillus of Wino-
gradsky, Nitromonas of Winogradskv. ( )|jt.
from the soil. No growth on ordinary culture media.
1 me ol the very few nitrifying ferments. Nosema
bombycis, Nageli. SeeMicrobi d< la pebrine, Pasteur.
Obermeier'scher Recurrensfaden, Weigert. Ober-
meier'scher Recurrensspirillum, Engt Imann.
Spirillum obermeierii. Ophidomonas jenensis,
Ophidomonas sanguinea, Ehrenberg. See
atoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Orchiococcus.
1 liplococcus of Orchids, Hugouneng and Fraud.
Oscillaria alba, Vaucher. See Beggiatoa alba, Trev-
isan. Oscillaria arachnoidea. Agardh. See Beg-
'oa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Oscillaria leptomi-
tiformis, Meneghi. See B ■• leptomitiformis,

Trevisan. Oscillaria tigrina. See Beggiatoa tigrina,
Rabenhorst. Oscillaria versatilis, Kiitzing.
Beggiatoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Osteo-myelitis-
kokken, Pecker. See Staphylococcus aureus,

Ogston. Palmella infusionum, Khrenberg.
Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Palmella prodigiosa,
Mont. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Palmel-
lina capillorum i Kadlkofter), Bulh. Syn.,
capillorum, Bulh. Found in the epidermis of the head ;
supposed to aflect the color of the hair. Panhystophy-
ton ovatum, I. elurt. See Microbe de la pebrine, 1'a.s-
teur. Passet's Faulnissbacillus. Passet's Putrefy-
ing Bacillus of Pus. See Bacillus foetidus,
Passet. Peach-colored Bacterium, Lankester.
/>' %giatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Pediococcus acidi
lactici, I.indner. Pound in hay infusion and in mash
from malt. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf., npg. Pediococcus
albus, Lindner. Found in well water. air., liqf, n
Pediococcus aurantiacus, Cohn. See Micrococcus
aurantiacus, Cohn. Pediococcus cerevisiae, Palcke.
Syn., Sarcina cerevisice, I.indner. Pound in beer and
in the air of breweries, air. , facanaer., nliqf, npg.
Peroncitoa scarlatinosae. See Micrococcus scarla-
tina, Pohl Pincus. Pfeiffer's Bacillus. See Bacil-
lus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Photobacterium balticum,
Fischer. Pound in the waters of the Paltic. aer. ,
liqf,phos.,npg. <•'(■ Bacillus phosphorescens indi en
us, Fischer. Photobacterium fischeri, Katz.
found in the waters of the Baltic. aer. , liqf,ph

Photobacterium indicum. Fischer. See
Bacillus phosphorescens , Fischer. Photobacterium
luminosum, Beyerinck. Syn.. Pacterie lumineuse
de la mer du nord. Found on many of the phospho-
rescent animals, crustaceous polyps, infusoria, of the
North Sea. aer., liqf, pi: • Photobacte-

rium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Syn., Bacterium frflugeri,
Micr //. flugeri. Pound upon butcher's meat and
upon market fish. The most phosphorescent of all
light-producing bacteria. aer., liqf, phos., n
Photobacterium phosphorescens, Fischer.
Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. Photobacterium phos-
phorescens, Cohn. Syn., Bacterium phospki

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, ana'er = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. —■ facultative anaerobic, liqf '.=• liquefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphie. mot. = motile nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. «■» nou-palhog
obi -obligate, oscl. = oscillating;, pg. = pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent. pleom.= pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

BAC1 EKIA

182

BA< I ER] \

Cohn. Found upon fish and in sea water.
nliqf., npg. Pilz der blauen Milch. S Uus

. Fuchs. Pilz der Dextrangahrung.
. i lienkowski. Pilz der
Zahncaries. Sec Leptothrii . Robin. Pink

Bacillus of Spreading Edema, A. B, Harris air.,
nliqj . pink), npg. Cf. Bacillus oedema-

, Koch. Pleurococcus roseo-persicina, Raben-
borst. - rsicina. Zopf. Pneu-

mobacillus von Friedlander, Pneumobacillus
friedlanderi. See B umonia friedlanderi.

Pneumobacillus liquefaciens bovis. See Bacillus
Vrloing. Pneumococcus von
Frankel. S • '■•its sputigenus, Fliig(

Pneumococcus, Friedlander. Pneumonia-coccus
of Friedlander, Sternberg. See Bacillus pneumonia
Pneumococque de Fraenkel. SeeBa-
. 1 liigge. Pneumococcenahn-
liche Bacillen, ( ier. Sec Bacillus pseudopneumoni-
cus, Passet. Potato Bacdlus. Applied to Bacillus
ntericus fuscus, !• liigge. Bacillus mesentericus
\tu . Fliigge. Bacterium mesentericus ruber,
big. Pragmidiothrix multisepta, 1 Dgl er. Syn.,
a multisepta. Found in sea water upon crus
hi- i K icier Bucht). It is distinguished from
a by the absence of sulphur grains. Praz-
mowski s Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation,
Prazmowski's Buttersaurebacillus, tier. See Ba-
cillus butyricu . Botkin, Prazmowski. Proteus bei
Lungengangran des Menschen, Babes. Bacillus
lethalis, Babes. Proteus capsulatus septicus, Pro-
teus hominis capsulatus. Sec Bacillui hominis cap-
sulatus, Band, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Proteus lethalis.

Ba ///us lethalis, Babes. Proteus mirabilis. -
Bacillus mirad His, Hauser. Proteus of Karlinskj. S( e
Bacillus muriscpticus pleomorphus, Karlinski. Pro-
teus septicus. See Bacillus septicus, Pasteur. Pro-
teus sulfureus. See Bacillus sulfureus, Lindenborn.
Proteus sulfureus of Holochenikoff, Proteus
vulgaris, Hauser. See Bacillus vulgaris, Hauser.
Proteus zenkeri. See Bacillus zenkeri, Hauser.
Pseudodiphtheric Bacillus, Loffler, Von Hof)
mann. Roux, Yersin and Abbott. Found in the
mucus from the pharynx and tonsils of children sul
fering from non-diphtheric throat affections. Pseudo-
diplococcus pneumonia, Bonome. Obtained from the
i-fibrinous exudate of a person dead of cerebro
spinal meningitis, air., nliqj'., pg. Cf. Micro-
. Neumann, and Bacillus meningi-
tidis purulent, e, Neumann. Pseudoodembacillus.
lemalis, Liborius. Pseudorot-
lauf bacillus, < n-r. Sec Bacillus parvus ovatus,
fler. Pseudotuberkuloser Bacillus, Ger.

ido tuberculosis of rabbits, Eberth.
Rasmussenia buccalis, Saccardo. Sec Leptothrix
■'is, Robin. Rauschbrandbacillus. See
iger and Feser. Recurrens-
spirochaete, Birsch Hirschfeld. See Spirillum ober-
meierii. Red Bacillus of Water. See Bacillus
ruber, Frank and Becker. Rhinosclerombacillus.
Bacillus rhin matis, Cornil and Alvarez.

Rinderpestbacillus. Sec Bacillus septicemia ham-
orrhagu berg. Rod Bacteria. Bacteries en

batonet, It. Rosenbach s Putrefaction Bacilli,
Rosenbach's Faulnisbacillen, Ger. See Bacillus
sap/ I. II. //I, Rosenbach. Roter Bacillus

aus Wasser. See Red bacillus of water. Roter
Kartoffelbacillus, < dobig. See Bacillus mesenteri-
cus ruber, Globig. Rotlaufbacillus. S Uus

Ipelatos suis, Koch and bottler. Rotzbacillus.
See Bacillus mallei, LSffler. Saccharomyces albi-
cans, Robin. Syn., Oidium albicans, Robin. Sac-
charomyces apiculatus, Reess. < lecurs in fermented
wine and beer, and, in the hot seasons, on sweet suc-
culenl fruits; in winter, in the soil beneath the trees
that bear these fruits; a bottom yeast. Saccharo-
myces cerevisiae, Reess and Robin. >\n., Crypto-
us cerevisia, Kiitzing, Crypto^ rmentatum,

torula cerevisia, \ asl plant. Under this heading are
included a series ol different over and under yeasts.
Saccharomyces conglomeratus, Reess. As the
result of Hansen's investigations this species has been
dropped by recent writer-. Saccharomyces ellip-
soideus 1, II, Hansen, a "wild" species of wine
ferment, 11; gives rise to the muddiness of beer.
Saccharomyces exiguus, Hansen, bound in G
man yeast ; acts toward sugar exactly as does Sa
charomyces marxianus. Saccharomyces glutinis.
Syn., Cryptococcus glutinis, Fersen. A pullulating

i that forms beautiful rose-colored patches on
cooked potatoes. Saccharomyces guttulatus,
Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus guttulatus , Robin, Winter.
Champignon du tube digestif du lapin et autres her-
bivores, Remack. bound in the esophagus, stomach
and intestines of mammals, birds, and reptiles. I be
feces of patients suffering from tunnel anemia, or anchy
lostomiasis, frequently contain this species of sacchar-
omyces. Saccharomyces inequalis, a doubtful
species. Saccharomyces lactis, Adametz. Syn.,
Milk-yeast, bound in milk, of which it ferments the
milk-sugar. Saccharomyces marxianus. Found
in wine ; acts vigorously on saccharose, inverting and
fermenting it with great activity ; it also acts on dex-
trose. Saccharomyces membranifaciens. Forms
a bright yellow, tough scum on beer-wort; liquefies
gelatin; has no fermentative action on ordinary carbo
hydrates, and does not invert cane-sugar. Sacchar-
omyces minor, Engel. According to Engel this
is the cause of fermentation in bread. Sacchar-
omyces mycoderma, Reess. Syn., Mycoderma
mesentericum, Pers. Mycoderma cerevisia et vini,
Desm. J/ormiseium vini et cerevisia^, Bonard. M,
derma vini , Pasteur. Mycoderma cerevisia, Trecul.
Fiore del vino e della birra, Ital. bound on the sur-
face of wine and beer, forming the so-called " (lowers
of wine.'' Saccharomycetes nebulosus, a doubt
ful species. Saccharomyces pasteurianus, Reess.
According to Hansen, this represents a group of
three forms that cause disease in beer and wine.
Saccharomyces pyriformis, Ward. Found in the
fermentation of ginger-beer. A bottom yeast which
develops much ('(>., but little alcohol; it inverts cane-
sugar and ferments the products; doc- not ferment
milk-sugar, air. , facanair. Saccharomyces ruber,
Demme. Found in milk and cheese, forming t d
spot- in the latter, and a red sediment in the former.
nliqf, Saccharomyces vaccinae, Pfeiffer. Bound
in the lymph of a vaccinia pustule; nothing known o|
it- action. Saprogenic bacillus. Syn.. Bacille
saprogene, Fr. Any bacillus which produces putre-
faction, e. ;r., Bacillus saprog n . Rosenbach, '/. v.
Sarcina alba, Eisenberg. bound in air and water.
air., liqf., npg. Sarcina aurantiaca. Syn.,
1 Irange Sarcina, Koch. Found in air and water.
air., liq (orange yellow), npg. Sarcina

aurea. Mace, bound in the pulmonary exudates oi
a person dead of a bastard pneumonia complicated
with purulent pleurisy. aer., liqf., dig. (brilliant

Abbreviations.— aer. — aerobic, ana- erobic. chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. — facultative anaerobic. /;>//.

tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. — motile, nliqf. non-liquefactive >im<a. non-motile. "/-.<.'• ~ non-pathogenic.
obi.*— obligate, oscl. — oscillating. />.e = pathogenic, phos. — phosphorescent, pleom. -pleomorphic, sap. saprophytic.

BACTERIA

183

BACTERIA

golden yellow). Sarcina botulina, \ an den < 'orput.
Found in cases of poisoning with tainted sausa
(botulismus) and believed to be the active agent. < I.
Bacillus of allantiasis. Sarcina Candida, Reinke.
Found in the air of breweries. aer., liqf, npg.
Sarcina cerevisiae, Lindner. Syn., /'
cerevisia, Balcke. Found in beer and the air <>! brew
eries. aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Sarcine de
l'estomac. See Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Sar-
cina flava, De Bary. Found in beer, aer., liqf.,
chg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina fuscescens, Falken
heim. Found in the human stomach. Sarcina hya
lina, Kiitzing. Syn., Merismopedia hyalina, Kiit/.
ing. Found in swamps. Sarcina intestinalis,
Zopf. 1 'iiind in the intestines of chickens and tur-
keys, principally in the cecum. Sarcina in the Mouth
and Lungs, Fischer. According to De Bary the
original description is not sufficiently clear lor com
parison. Sarcina litoralis, CErstedt. Syn., Meris-
mopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst, Erythroconis , CErstedt.
Found in sea water ; forms a thin reddish layer be-
tween decomposing algae on the shore. Sarcina
lutea, Schroter. Found in the air, and in fungus cul-
tures, aer., liqf., ckg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina
minuta, De Bary. Occurred spontaneously in a
culture of sour milk on a microscopic slide ; resem-
bles Sarcina welckeri. Sarcina mobilis, Maurea.
Found in old ascitic fluid, aer., liqf., mot., chg.
^brick-red). Sarcina morrhuae. Obtained from
codfish. Sarcina of the Lungs. See Sarcina
pulmonum, Hauser. Sarcina of the Urine. See
Sarcina urines, Weicker. Sarcine paludosa,
Schroter. Found in bog water. ' Sarcina pulmo-
num, Hauser. Syn., Sarcina of the lungs. Lungen-
sarcine, Ger. Found in sputum, aer., nliqf, npg.
Sarcina reitenbachii, Caspary. Syn., Merismope-
dium reitenbachii, Caspary — (also misprinted Reichen-
bac/iii). Found in fresh water on decaying plants.
Sarcina renis, Hepworth. Found in the lungs of per-
sons dead of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sarcina rosea,
Menge. Found in milk and other food-stuffs. Held to
be distinct from the form described by Schroter. aer.,
liqf., chg. (rose-red), npg. Sarcina rosea, Schroter.
Found in the air. aer., liqf., chg. (intense red, giving
same reaction as the pigment of Sarcina aurantiacd) ,
ngp. Sarcina urinae, Weicker. Syn., Merismopedia
urine?, Rabenhorst. Sarcina of the urine ; sarcine de
la urine, Fr. , Hartze. Found in the bladder; appears
to be destitute of zymotic action. Sarcina ventri-
culi, Goodsir. Syn.. Sarcine de l'estomac, Fr. Harn-
sarcine, Ger. Common in the stomach of man and
animals. De Bary finds two forms side by side, but
offers no information as to their genetic relations, aer. ,
nliqf., npg. Sarcina welckeri, Rossmann. Re-
peatedly found in the human bladder and voided for
months at a time in the urine, which is usually abnor-
mally rich in phosphates, the patient retaining good
health. Scheidenbacillus. See Bacillus vaginalis,
Doderlein. Scheutzia laughlini. Syn., Micrococcus
of Dengue, Staphylococcus of Dengue, Dengue Micro-
cocci. Found in the blood of patients suffering from
dengue. Pathogenetic relations not determined.
Schweinerotlaufbacillus. Sec Bacillus erysipela-
tos suis, Koch. Septischer Erdbacillus. See Ba-
cillus septicus agrigenns, Nicolaier. Septischer Spu-
tumbacillus. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge.
Smegma bacillus. See Bacillus of the Smegma.
Sphaerococcus acidi lactici, Marpmann. Found
in fresh cow's milk. aer. , nliqf. , npg. Sphaerotilus

natans, Kiit/ing, Saccardo. Syn., Leptothrijt natan .
I ound in running and stagnant water. Old port,
yellowish, younger portions colorless. Spirille du
cholera. See Spirillum cholera unite,.. Koch.
Spirille du mucus nasal. See Spirillum na
Weibel. Spirillo colerogeno di Koch, Ital.
Spirillum c holer c Koch; Spirillum amylife-

rum, \ an Tieghem. found in water. Forms granu-
) •■ »~ . ■ .a certain developmental stages; gives the blue

lion with iodin. Cf. Bacillus butyricus, Pi
mowski. Spirillum anserum. Syn. , Spiroch
anserina, Sakharoff. Found in the blood of geese
affected with a fatal form of septicemia dm- to this
mi lobe. A disease prevalent in the- swampy regions
ol < aucasia. aer., mot., pg. (not for chicken
Spirillum a of Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiL
Weibel. Spirillum attenuatum, Warming, found
in sea water. Spirillum aureum. Syn., Vibrio
aureus, Weibel Found in the air and the -lime of
sewers, aer., nliqf, nmot., chg. (golden yellow),
Spirillum 8 of Weibel. Nee spirillum sapro-
philes P, Weibel. Spirillum cholerae asiaticae, Koch.
Syn., Spirillum choleric. Spirillum of cholera, Bacillus
oi cholera, Comma bacillus of Koch. Spirille flu
i bolera, Bacille du cholera, Bacille en virgule, Bacille
virgula choleregene, Fr. Bacillo a virgola, Bacillo
virgulato, Ital. found in the discharges of cholera
patients and in the intestines of cholera cadavers, aer.
facanaer., liqf., mot., pg. Spirillum concentricum,
Kitasato. Found in putrefying blood, aer., nliqf.,
mot., npg. Spirillum denticola, .Miller; or. Spiril-
lum dentium, Arm. Syn., Spirochceta denticola,
Spirochceta dentium. Found under the margins of
the gums in the mouths of healthy persons ; biof
characters unknown, as it does not thrive in culture
fluids. Spirillum endoparagogicum, Sorokin.
Found in a glairy liquid exuding from a poplar tree.
Spirillum finkleri, Spirillum Finkler-Prior. Syn..
Vibrio proteus. Bacillus von Finkler-Prior, Bacillus
Epsilon von Miller, found in the feces of persons
affected with cholera nostras, after allowing the
discharge to stand for some time, aer., facanaer.,
liqf, mot. Pathogenetic relation not confirmed.
Spirillum flavescens. Syn., Vibrio flavescens,
Weibel. Found in the slime of sewers, aer., nliqf.,
n /no/., chg. (yellowi-h-green), npg. Spirillum
flavum. Syn., Vibrio flavescens, Weibel. Found in
the slime of sewers, aer. , nliqf ., nmot.. 'her

yellow), npg. Spirillum jenensis, Ehrenberg. Syn.,
Ophidomonas jenensis, Ehrenberg. A doubtful specie-.
Spirillum leucomelaenum, Perty. found in water
containing decaying algae. Spirillum linguae. Syn.,
Vibrio lingualis, Zungenbelagvibrio, Weibel. found
in the deposit on the tongue of a mouse, after ini
lation. aer., facanaer., nliqf, umo/.. npg. (formice).
Spirillum litorale, Warming. Syn., V, rio spirillum,
Miiller; Melunella spirillum, Borg. Found in
water. Spirillum metschnikovi. Syn.. Vibrio
metschnikovi, Gameleia. found in the intestinal con-
tents of chickens affected, in Russia, with an epi-
demic infectious disease resembling fowl cholera, air. ,
facanaer, [?)liaf., mot., pg. Spirillum nasale. Syn.,
Vibrio nasale, Weibel. Nasenschleimvibrio, Ger.
Spirille du mucus nasale, Fr. found in nasal nun us
aer., facanaer, nliqf, nmot., npg. Spirillum ober
meieri, Colin. Syn., Spirochceta obermeieri. Spiril-
lum of relapsing fever. Recurrensspirochate. < >ber-
meier'scher Recurrensfaden,Weigert, Obermeier'scher
Ri currensspirillum, Engel. found in the blood

Abbreviations.— aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chg. — chromogenic. facanaet -.= facultative anaerobic, hqf." hquefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic.
obi. — obligate, oscl. = oscillating, pg." pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

BACTERIA

1-1

B \< i 1 KI A

>ns affected with relapsing fever, air., mot.
ats to cultivate thu«. far unsuccessful),/^. Spiril-
lum of Asiatic cholera. Spirillum of cholera. See

. K o Spirillum of

Denecke. See Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke.
Spirillum of Finkler and Prior. See Spirillum
Spirillum of Miller. Syn., Miller's
bacillus. Found in carious teeth, aer.,
Uqj . Spirillum of Relapsing Fever.

< ohn. Spirillum of
Smith. Found in the intestines of swine. //'..

Spirillum plicatile. Dujardin. Syn.,
. Ehrenberg ; Spirulina plicatilis,
tnd in water containing decomposing algae.
Biologic characters undetermined. Spirillum rosa-
ceum. d upon excrement in water, air.,

iv(l,;.'\. Spirillum rosenbergii, Warming.
Found in brackish water. Contains refractive
sulphur grains, air., mot. Spirillum roseum.
Mace. Found in a tube culture of blennor-
rhagic pus. air., nliqf., mot., chg. (rose-red), npg.
Spirillum rubrum, von Esmarch. Obtained from
the putrefying body of a mouse, air., facanair.,
nliqf., mot., chg. (pink), npg. Spirillum rufum,
Petty. Found in cistern water. air. , mot. , chg.
(rose-red), npg. Spirillum rugula, Miiller. Syn.,
Vibrio i Found in swamp water and frequent-

ly in the alimentary canal, on the teeth, etc. air.,
inair., mot., npg. According to Prazmowski this
specie- gives rise to decomposition of cellulose.
Spirillum sanguineum. See />' i roseo-

ina, Zopf. Spirillum saprophiles a of
Weibel. Syn., Vibrio saprophiles a of Weibel.
Found in rotting hay infusion and in the slime of
.. mot., npg. Spirillum sapro-
philes i of Weibel. Syn. , / ibrio saprophiL
Weibel. Found in rotting hay infusion, air., nliqf.,
mot., npg. Spirillum saprophiles} of Weibel.
Syn., Vibrio saprophiles y, Weibel. Found in the
slime of sewers, air., nliqf, mot., npg. Spirillum
serpens, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio serpens, Miiller.
Found in stagnant water containing decaying
plants, etc. Biologic characters not determined.
Spirillum sputigenum. Miller. Common in the
neglected mouths of healthy persons. 1 >oes not
grow on culture media. Spirillum tenue, Ehren-
berg. Found in putrefying plant infusions. Biologic
characters undetermined. Spirillum tyrogenum,
Denecke. Syn., Bacille de Denecke, It. Bacillus
von Denecke, Kasespirillum, ' ler. Spirillum of
ke, Bacillus of cheese, Denecke's cheese spiril-
lum. Found in old cheese, aer. , facanair., liqf,
mot . for guinea pigs). Spirillum undula,

( ohn, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio undula, Miiller; Vibrio
, Ehrenberg. Found in zooglea masses in
swamp water, vegetable infusions, etc. air., mot.,
Spirillum violaceum, Warming. found in
brackish water; cell contents violet, with a few sul-
phur grains. Spirillum volutans, Ehrenberg. Syn.,
Vibrio spirillum, Miiller; Melunella spirillum, Borg.
Found in infusions and in bog water. Biologic
characters undetermined. Spirochaete anserina,
Sakharoff. See Spirillum anserum. Spirochaete
denticola, Miller. Spirochaete dentium, Arnt, See
Spirillum dentium. Spirochaete obermeieri. See
Spirillum obermeieri , Cohn. Spirochaete plicatilis,
Ehrenberg. See Spirillum />,'■ , Dujardin. Spiro-

monas cohnii, Wanning. Found in foul water.
Spiromonas volubilis, I'ertz. Found in puti

in^; infusions and in bog water. Sporonema gra-
cile. See Bacillus virens, Van Tieghem. Spu-
tumbacillus, ( ier. see Bacillus tepticus putigenus,
Fliigge. Stafilococco piogeno aureo, Ital. See
Mi n au :< . Rosenbach. Staphy-

lococcus albus liquefaciens, Escherich. Syn.,
White liquefying staphylococcus, found in the alvine
discharges oi healthy infants, air., liqf, npg. Sta-
phylococcus biskrae. See Micrococcus ol Heyden
reich. Staphylococcus cereus albus, Passet. See
Mia Passet. Staphylococcus

cereus aureus, Schroter and Winkler. See Micro-
us cereus aureus, S. and W. Staphylococcus
cereus flavus, Passet. See Micrococcus cereus fiavu ,
Passet. Staphylococcus citreus. See Microcoi us
citreus, List. Staphylococcus epidermidis albus,
Welch. See Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosenbach.
Staphylococcus pulvus. See Micrococcus pulvus,
Cohn. Staphylococcus of Dengue, McLaughlin.
See S, heutzia lauhglini. Staphylococcus of pem-
phigus, De Michele. < Ibtained from the skin, Kid-
ney and spleen of a case of pemphigus chronica.
Staphylococcus passetti. See Micrococcus
flavus, Passet. Staphylococcus pyogenes albus,
Rosenbach. See Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosen-
bach. Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, ( Igston,
Becker. Syn., Staphylococco pyogeno aureo, Ital.
See Micrococcus aureus, Rosenbach. Sta-

phylococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet. See Micro-
coccus pyogenes, citreus, Passet. Staphylococcus
pyosepticus, H'ericourt and Richet. See Micrococ us
pyosepticus, Richet. Staphylococcus salivarius
pyogenes, Biondi. See Micrococcus salivarius pyo-
genes, Biondi. Staphylococcus viridis flavescens,
Guttmann. Syn., Micrococcus of chicken-pox. found
in the vesicles of varicella, air., nliqf, chg. (greenish
yellow), npg. Streptococcus acidi lactici, Groten-
feldt. Found in coagulated milk in Finland, anair.
(not strictly), nliqf., npg. Streptococcus aethebius.
See Micrococcus tirecc liquefaciens, Fliigge. Strepto-
coccus albus, Maschek. Syn.,Weisser Streptococcus,
Ger. Found in hydrant water (Freiburg), aer., liqf. ,
npg. Streptococcus apthicola, I lallier. See Strep
tocytus of eczema epizootica, Schottelius. Strepto-
coccus articulorum, 1. oilier. Syn., Micrococcus of
diphtheria. Obtained from the affected mucous mem-
brane in cases of diphtheria. Possibly a variety of
Mi. i mice). Streptococcus

bombycis. See Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn. Strep-
tococcus brevis, Von Lingelsheim. < ibtained from
normal human saliva, aer., facanair., nliqf, npg.
Streptococcus cadaveris, Sternberg. Found in the
liver of a yellow lever cadaver. air., lir.,

nliqf., npg. Probably identical with the pre-
ceding species. Streptococcus cinnabareus. See
Mi cinnabat u . I liigge. Streptococcus

coli gracilis, Escherich. found in the feces of
healthy children living on a meat die) icanair.,

liqf., npg. Streptococcus conglomeratus, Kurth.
Obtained from cases of scarlet fever, fig. (for mice).
Streptococcus coronatus, Fliigge. See Micrococcus
coronatus, Fliigge. Streptococcus coryzae conta
giosae equorum, Schiitz. Syn., Streptococcus der
Druse des Pferdes. Bacterium der Brustseuche des
Pferdes, Ger Bacterium of infectious pneumonia in
the horse found in the pus from diseased lymphatic
glands in horses suffering with infectious pneumonia,
the disease being known in Germany as Druse des
Pferdes. \nair., pg. (for horses and mice),

Abbreviations. — air. = aerol hrotnngei facultative anaembic. KqJ liquefac-

tive. monotn. «■« monomorphic. mot. motile nliqj non-liquefactive. nmot.' non-motile, npg. non-pathogenic.
obi. — obligate, oscl. — oscillating pg. pathogenic, phos. phosphorescent pleom. pleomorphic, sap. —saprophytic!

BACTERIA

1 -:.

BA( I ERIA

npg. (for rabbits, guinea pigs and pigeons). Strep-
tococcus des Gelenkrheumatismus, Leyden.
See Bacillus rkeumarthriiidis , Kussmaul. Strep-
tococcus endocarditicus. See M u endo-
carditicus rugatus, Weichselbaum. Streptococcus
erysipelatis (erysipelatosj, Fehleisen. Sec Mi

us pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus fer-
menti. See Micro iniperda. Streptococ-

cus giganteus urethrae, Lustgarten and Manne-
berg. Found in the healthy human urethra, aer.,
npg. Streptococcus havaniensis, Sicrnliii-. Found
in the acid vomit of a yellow-fever patient. Biologic
characters undetermined. Streptococcus insecto-
rum, Burrill. See Micrococcu insectorum, Burrill.
Streptococcus kochii. See Micrococcus of septi-
cemia in rabbits, Koch. Streptococcus lanceolatus
pasteuri, Gamal&ia. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus ,
Fliigge. Streptococcus liquefaciens, Steinberg.
Obtained from the intestines and livers of yellow-fever
cadavers, aer. , facanaer. , Hi//. , npg. Streptococcus
longus, von Lingelsheim. See Micrococcus pyogenes ,
Rosenbach. Streptococcus lucae. See Micrococcus
ulceris mollis. Streptococcus manfredii. See Mi-
crococcus manfredii. Streptococcus meningitidis.
See Micrococcus intercellularis meningitidis , Naumann
and Schaffer. Streptococcus monomorphus, Buj-
wid, lieryng. Found in benign pharyngeal ulcers.
npg. Streptococcus morbillosus. See Micrococcus
of measles. Streptococcus nocardi. See Micrococ-
cus mas/obius, Nocard. Streptococcus ochroleucus.
See Micrococcus ochroleucus, Prove and Legrain.
Streptococcus of Bonome. Obtained from the ex-
udations in the cerebrospinal meninges and from
hemorrhagic extravasations in the lungs, in cases of
epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, pg. (tor white mice
and rabbits). Streptococcus of granuloma fun-
goides, Rindfleisch and Auspetz. See Streptococcus
of mycosis fungoides. Streptococcus of Manneberg.
Obtained from the urine in cases of acute nephritis.
aer., facanaer., nliqf, pg. (for dogs and rabbits).
Streptococcus of mastitis in cows. See Micrococ-
cus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau. Streptococcus
of mycosis fungoides. Streptococcus of granuloma-
fungoides, Rindfleisch and Auspetz. Found in the
capillaries and subcutaneous tissue in the parts aflected
by this disease. Not sufficiently investigated. Strep-
tococcus of pus. See Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge.
Streptococcus perniciosus psittacorum, Eberthand
Wolf. See Micrococcus psittaci, Wolf. Streptococ-
cus pneumoniae, Weichselbaum. See Micrococcus
pyogenes, Fliigge. Streptococcus putrefaciens.
Micrococcus of putrefaction. Refers to any one of the
many micrococci found in putrefying substances.
Streptococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. See Micro-
coccus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus pyo-
genes, Saccardo. See Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge.
Streptococcus pyogenes maligni, Kravise and
Fliigge. Found in necrotic masses in a leukemic
spleen, pg. (for mice and rabbits) . Streptococcus py-
ogenes ureae, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf.
Micrococcus pyogenes urea flavus, Rorsing. Strepto-
coccus radiatus. See Micrococcus radiatus, Fliigge.
Streptococcus rubiginosus, Edington. Found in
cases of scarlatina, npg. Does not appear till late in
the disease. Streptococcus seiferti. See Micr
ens influenza', Letzerieh. Streptococcus septicus,
Fliigge. See Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Streptococ-
cus septicus liquefaciens, Babes. Obtained from
the blood and viscera of a child who died of septicemia

following scarlatina, aer., fig and rab-

bits). Streptococcus septopyaemicus. See Mi

plopycemicus , Biondi. Streptococcus toxica
tus. See Micrococcu toxicatus, Burrill. Streptococcus
ureae. See Micrococcus urece, Cohn. Streptococcus
ureae rugosus, Rorsing. found in urine. Strep-
tococcus variolae. See Micrococcus variol,
ciu„, Cohn. Streptococcus vermiformis, M.
Syn., wurmfbrmiger Streptococcus, Ger. found
in hydrant watei Freiburg ., liqf., npg.

Streptococque de l'erysipele, Streptococque pyo-
gene vrai. See Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge.
Streptocytus puerperale, Doleris. See Ba lu
puerperalis, Engel and Spillman. Streptocytus of
Eczema epizootica, Vhotteliu-. Syn., Sir,/ u

apthicola, Hallier. Micrococcus of foot-and-mouth
disease. Micrococcus der Maul- und Klauenseuche,
Ger., Micrococco del afta epizootica, Ital. Found in
vesicular eruptions aboul tin- month and feet of cattle,
pigs and sheep. Communicable toman, aer., facanaer.
Pathogenesis not fully settled. Cf. Bacillus of ulo
live stomatitis of calves. Streptothrix fcersteri,
Cohn, See Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Swine
Plague Schizophyte, Detmers. See Bacillus of
swine plague, Marseilles, Kietsch and Jobert.
Syphilis Bacillus. See Ba illu yphilidis, Lust-
garten. Syphilis Bacillus of Eve and Lingard.
( obtained in cultures from the blood and disea-cd
ti->ues of syphilitics who have not undergone mer-
curial treatment, aer. , dig (pale yellow or brown).
Pathogenetic relations not settled. Not stained by
Lustgarten's method; capable of development on
blood-serum. Tetanus Bacillus. See Bacillus
tetani, Nicolaier. Thiothrix nivea. See B
nivea, Rabenhorst. Thiothrix tenuis, Winogradsky.
Found in sulphur springs. Thiothrix tenuissima,
Winogradsky. Found in sulphur springs. Torula
cerevisise. See Saccharomyces cerevisice, Reess and
Robin. Torula ureae, Pasteur. See Micrococcus
urece, Cohn. Trachomcoccus, Ger. See Micro-
coccus of Trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Tripper-
coccus, Ger. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea, Neisser.
Trommelschlagerbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus pu-
trificus coli, Bienstock. Tubercle-bacillus.
Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Typhus bacillus.
See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth. Tyrothrix
catenula, Duclaux. See Bacillus calenula, Duclaux.
Tyrothrix claviformis, Duclaux. See Bacillus
claviformis, Duclaux. Tyrothrix distortus, Du-
claux. See Bacillus distortus, Duclaux. Tyrothrix
filiformis, Duclaux. See Bacillus filiformis,
Duclaux. Tyrothrix geniculatus, Duclaux. See
Bacillus geniculatus, Duclaux. Tyrothrix scaber,
Duclaux. See Bacillus scaber, Duclaux. Tyrothrix
tenuis, Duclaux. See Bacillus tenuis. Duclaux.
Tyrothrix turgidus, Duclaux. See Bacillus turgi
Duclaux. Tyrothrix urocephalus, Duclaux. See
Bacillus urocephalus, Duclaux. Tyrothrix virgula,
Duclaux. See Bacillus virgula, Duclaux. Ulvina
aceti, Kiitzing. See Bacillus aceli, Kiitzing. Uro-
bacillus duclauxi, Miquel. found in sewage and
river water. aer., facanaer., mot., liqf. Pathogenesis
not determined. Urobacillus freudenreichii. Miquel,
Obtained from air, dust, sewage. aer., li j
Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus maddoxi,
Miquel. Obtained from sewage and river water.
aer., liqf, mot. Pathogene>is not determined.
Urobacillus pasteuri, Miquel. Obtained from
decomposing urine, aer. , liqf. , mot. Pathogenesis not

Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, liqf. = liqiiefac-
tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf . = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate, osel. = oscillating. psr = pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent, pleum. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic.

BAI 1 ERIA

im;

BAG

determined. Urobacillus schiitzenbergii, Miquel.
Obtained from and river water. .■//!,

Path - not determined. Verfliissi-

gender Bacillus aus Wasser, Ger. Liquefying
bacillus of water. See B

Pokrowsky. Vibrio aureus, Weibel. See Spirillum
aureum. Vibrio bacillus, Miiller, Ehrenberg. See
Ba Cohn. Vibrio cholerae. See Spir-

illum choUi . Koch. Vibrio cyanogenus,

Ehrenberg 3 nus, Inch-. Vibrio

flavescens, Weibel. See Spiri/lum flavescens, Wei
bel. Vibrio flavus, Weibel. Se Spirillum flavum,
Weibel. Vibrio lineola, Miiller and Ehrenberg.
ium lin ohn. Vibrio lingualis.

Se< .XWibel. Vibrio metschnikovi,

maleia. See Spirillum metschnikovi, Gamaleia.
Vibrio nasalis, Weibel. See Spirillum na
Weibel. Vibrio proteus. See Spirillum finkleri.
Vibrio rugula, Miiller. See Spirillum rugula,
Miiller. Vibrio saprophiles u, Weibel.

. Weibel. Vibrio sapro-
philes J, Weibel. See Spirillum saprophilt
Weibel. Vibrio saprophiles ; , Weibel.
- rill urn saprophiles ; . Weibel. Vibrio serpens,
Muller. See Spirillum serpens, Miiller. Vibrio
syncyanus, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus nus,

Fuchs. Vibrio synxanthus, Ehrenberg. See Baeil-
lu synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Vibrio
tremulans, Ehrenberg. See Bacterium lineola,
Cohn. Vibrio undula, Miiller. See Spirillum
undula, Muller. Vibrio Xanthogenus, Fuchs.
Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter.
Vibrion butyrique, Pasteur. See Bacillus butyricus,
Prazmowski. Vibrion septique. See Bacillus
cedematis maligni, Koch. Violet Bacillus. See
Bacillus jantlunu. /.opt'. Violetter Bacillus aus
Wasser, < ier. See Bacillus violaceus, Becker.
Wasserbacillen, Wasserbacterien, Ger. Bacilli
and bacteria of water. Weisser Bacillus aus
Wasser. Ger. See Bacillus albus, Becker. Weis-
ser Streptococcus. ( ier. See Streptococcus a
Maschek. White Bacillus of Water. See Bacillus
albus, Becker. White Liquefying Staphylococcus.
Staphylococcus albus liquefaciens, Escherich.
Wunderblut, Ger. - Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehren-
berg. Wurzelbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus ramosus,
Eisenberg. Wurzelbacillus aus Erde. See Ba-
cillus mycoides, Fliigge. Xerosebacillus, Ger.
Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunctivae, Leber.
Yellowish-white Micrococcus, Bumm. See
Mil rococcus subflavus, Fliigge. Ziegelroter Ba-
cillus, Adametz. See Bacillus latericeus, Kisenberg.
Zooglcea capillorum. Buhl. See Palmellina capil-
lorum, Radlkofer. Zooglcea termo, Muller, Cohn.
Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Zooglcea ramigera.
A tree-like variety of Cladothrix dichotoma, q. 7'.
Zoogalactina imetropa, Sette. See Bacillus pro-
digiosus, Ehrenberg. Zungenbelagvibrio, Gei
e Spirillum linguce, Weibel.

Bacteriaceae re-a'-se-e) [/JaKT^pww, a little stick].

A group or order of microscopic fungi ; the same as
Sch izomycetes.

Bacterial .,,., a little stick]. R<

sembling or of the natur< teria.

Bactericidal (bak-U ■ ldf-a . a little stick ;

cadere, to kill]. Destructive to bacteria.

Bactericide [bak-te'-n Id) [fiaKTqpiov, a little stick;
. to -lay], i. Destructive to bacteria. 2. An
agent that destroys bacteria.

Bacteridium [bak-ter-id/-e inn) [ laxiijpiov, a little
stick: //., Bacteridia\. According to Davaine, a
genus of Bacteriaceae characterized by immobility of
the elements at all periods of their existence. I he
distinction does not now obtain.

Bacteriemia [bak-te-re-e' -me-ah) \fiaKrtiptm, a little
. blood]. The presence ol bacteria in the
blood.

Bacterioid [bak-te* '-re-oid) [jiaicHjptov, a little stick;
. 1. • 1 1 1 1 ] . Applied to certain microdrganisms Hour
ishing in and around the roots of leguminous plants,
assisting in the accumulation of nitrogen, and giving
rise to tubercles. They may be cultivated in artiti-
cial media like ordinary bacteria. (Brunchoist, Nbbbe,
etc.)

Bacteriologist [pak-te-re-of -o-jist) [ totcrf/piov, a little
-tnk; >"oc, science]. One who makes a special
study of bacteriology.

Bacteriology (bak-te-re-oP '-o-j'e) [/3a/cr^/j«w, a little stick;
/"]"<;, science]. That department of science that is
concerned with the study of bacteria.

Bacterio-protein [bak-te-re-o-pro' '-te-in) \fiaKrfipu
little stick; Trpuroc, first]. A protein contained in
bacteria.

Bacterio-purpurin [bak-te-re-o-per' -pu-rin) \fiaKTijpvov,
a little stick ; purpura, purple], A peach-colored
pigment found by Lankester in the protoplasm of
/.' ^iatoa roseo-persicina. It is insoluble in water,
alcohol, chloroform, ammonia, acetic and sulphuric
acids, etc.

Bacterioscopic (bak-te-re-o-skopf-ik) \fia«rqptiov, a little-
stick ; (jKo-tlv, to view]. Pertaining to bacterioscopy.

Bacterioscopy [fnik-te-re-os' '-ko-pe) [(Jaicriipiov, a little
stick; nno-elv, to inspect]. The microscopic stud) of
bacteria.

Bacterio-therapeutic (bak-te-re-o-ther-ap-uf -tik) [ laic-
ri/p/op, a little stick ; Oepn-eia, treatment]. Relating
to bacterio-therapy.

Bacteriotherapy (bak-te-re-o-ther/-ap-e) [ Icucrr/piov, a
little stick; Hepmreia, treatment]. The treatment of
disease by the introduction of bacteria into the system.

Bacterious {bak-tef-re-us) \fiaKTiipiov, a little stick].
Bacterial.

Bacterium (bak-te'-re urn) [($anrfjpiov, a little stick ;
dim. of QaKTTjpia, a stick, staff: pi., Bacteria"]. 1. A
term used to distinguish in a general way some of the
simplest microscopic fungi, the Bacteriacea, I i^sion-
fungi, or Schizomycetes, and other closely allied
microbes. 2. A genus of short, cylindrical, motile
Fission-fungi.

Bacteriuria (bak-te-re-u' -re-ali) [SanTr'/piov, a little-
stick ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of bacteria in
the urine.

Bacteroid (bakf-ter-oid) \ \ov, a little stick ;

form]. Resembling 1 iai tei ia

Bad Disorder. Synonym of Syphilis.

Badal's Operation. See Operations, Table of .

Bader's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Badiaga [bak-de-ah' '-gah) [Rus., badyaga"]. A Rus-
-ian fresh-water sponge, Spongia lacustrt . valued a
a discutient ami as a removei of the marl - ol bun-.-.
Unof.

Badian [baf-de-an) \badius, bay]. The Star-anise. See
Illicium.

Baer's Law. See Law. B. Operations. See Opera-
tions, Table of. B. Plane. See Plane.

Bag (bag) | VS . V]. I. A sac. 2. The »crotum.
B., Barnes's. See Barnes's Dilator,. B., Politzer's,
a -oft rubber bag for inflating the internal ear. B. of

Abbreviations. — air. -aerobic, attaer. anaerobic, chg. — chromoeenic. facanaHr. facultativi liquefac-

live. monam =— monomorphic »uit motile, n'liqf. non-liquefactive. nmot —non-motile, npg. ■— non-pathogenic.
obi. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating. pg.= pathogenic, pi cent, pleom. pleomorphic, sap. — saprophytic,

BAGNIO

187

BALNEOLOGY

Waters, the fetal membranes enclosing the liquor
amnii, projecting through the OS uteri early in labor.
The sac usually ruptures when the cervix is dilated.

Bagnio (ban'-yo) \\t. , bagno~\. i. A house of prosti-
tution. 2. A bath-hou.M .

Bailey's Flask. In dentistry, an apparatus for making
metal dies. It consists of two semi-elliptic rings ol
iron — one nearly straight, the other a truncated cone
with four keys — jointed so as to tit together. The
straight ring is used as a casting-box for the sand as
well as a form for the lead ; the other give-, the pro-
per shape to the /inc.

Baillarger's Lines. See Lines, Table of. B. Streak.
Same as Baillarger's Lines.

Bain-Marie (b&n-mah-re') [Fr.]. An instrument for
immersing solutions, microorganisms, etc., in water or
chemical solutions, thus keeping them at a desired
temperature.

Bain's Method. See Treatment, Methods of ; edsoArti-
tieial Respiration.

Bakers' Itch. An eczematous affection of the hands,
caused by the irritation of the yeast. B. Salt, a syno-
nvm of smelling salts, or the subcarbonate of ammo-
nia ; it is sometimes used by bakers in leavening cakes.

Baker's Leg, knock-knee, or genu valgu m. B. Opera-
tions. See Operations, Table of. B. Pins, heavy
pins used to hold bone surfaces in apposition after
resection of a joint.

Balance [bal' -ans) [bilanx, a balance]. I. A device
or apparatus for weighing; an indispensable adjunct of
the art of pharmacy. 2. The harmonious adjustment
of corresponding parts.

Balanic [bal'-an-ik) [ l&Xavog, the glans penis]. Per-
taining to the gland of the penis or of the clitoris.

Balanism ibal' -an-izm) [f$d?Aivo£, acorn ; pessary; the
glans penis]. The application of a pessary or supposi-
tory.

Balanitis [bal-an-i'-fis) [fiafaivoq, the glans penis ; trig,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans penis,
sometimes called Balano-posthitis. Phimosis is a fre-
quent complication. See Posthitis.

Balanoblennorrhea [bal-an-o-blen-o-re'-ah) \_ >••',■
the glans ; BTihvor, mucus ; 'poia, a flow] . Gonor-
rheal balanitis.

Balano-chlamyditis [bal-an-o-klam-id-i' '-lis) [fiahuvoc,
the glans penis ; x'vp'X » cloak ; ltlc, inflammation].
Inflammation of the glans and preputium of the cli-
toris.

Balanoplasty (balf -an-o-plas-te) [Sa'/nenr, the glans
penis ; Tr/.aaaecv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the glans
penis.

Balanoposthitis [bal-an-o-pos-thi'-tis) [ \ahavog, the
glans penis ; rr 6at)r/, prepuce ; rr/r, inflammation]. In-
flammation of the glans penis and of the prepuce.

Balanorrhagia [bal-an-or-af -je-ah) [ l&Aavog, the glans
penis ; pi/yvvadai, to burst out]. Gonorrheal balanitis,
with copious discharge of pus.

Balanorrhea [bal-an-or-e'-ah] [iu'/arnr, the glans
penis ; poia, a flow]. Balanitis.

Balantidium [bal-an-tid'-e-um] [fiaTXavridiov, dim. of
(JatevTiov, a bag]. A genus of Protozoa. B. coli,
a protozoan para-dte that inhabits the pig, and has
been found in the human intestine. See Parasites,
Animal, Table of.

Balanus (bal'-an-us) [patovog, an acorn]. I. The glans
of the prepuce or of the clitoris. 2. A pledget, supposi-
tory, or pessary.

Balata (bal'-at-al/) [Native Guiana]. The dried, milky
juice of the bully-tree [Sapota milleri) of Guiana. In
its properties it is intermediate between caoutchouc
and gutta-percha, and is used chiefly in England as a
substitute for these materials.

Balaustine (bal-aws* '-tin) [paAaioriov, the flower ol the
wild pomegranate]. The flower of the Pomegranate,
q. v., formerly used in medicine.

Balbuties (bal-bu'-she-ez). [balbu/ire, to stammer].
Stammering.

Bald [bawld) [ME., balie, bald]. Wanting hair. A
term applied to one who has lost the hair of the scalp.
B. Ringworm. See Tin, a tonsuran .

Baldness [bawld'-nes) [ME., balde, bald]. Alopecia,
whether congenital or acquired. When the loss of
hair is circumscribed it is called tinea decalvans ; when
general, it is called alopecia. Senile baldness is called
calvities. Premature baldness is caused by disease.
e Alopecia.

Bale Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Green.
Same as Schweinfurt iireen.

Balfour's Test. See Death, Signs oj '. B.'s Treatment.
See Treatment , Methods of.

Ball (pawl) [ME., bal]. I. In veterinary medicine, a
pill or bolus. 2. Vulgarly, a testicle. B.-blue.
Same as Prussian Blue. B.-and-Socket Joint. See
Diarthrosis and Enarthrosis. B. Thrombus. >ee
Thrombus.

Ballast Fever ibal'-ast fe'-ver). See Fever.

Ballet-dancer's Cramp. See Cramp.

Balling's Saccharometric Beer-test. As by fer-
mentation, loo parts of malt-extract yield 50 parts
of alcohol, twice the quantity of alcohol found will
indicate the quantity of malt-extract nece--ary for its
formation. This quantity of malt-extract added to that
still existing in the beer indicates the whole of the
malt-extract existing in the wort before fermentation.

Ballingall's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Ballismus [bal-iz'-mus) \_.i<i'/'/ mime, a leaping]. 1.
Chorea. 2. Paralysis agitans.

Ballonnement [bal-lon-mon(g) ) [Fr.]. The balloon-
ing or distending of a part for operative or diagnostic
purposes.

Balloon [bal-oon') [Mod. E., baloon, a large bag]. In
chemistry, a spherical glass receiver with a short neck.
B. Sickness. See An \ v tnia and Hypsonosus.

Ballooning I bal-oon' -ing) [Mod. E. baloon, a large bag].
Surgical distention of the vagina by air-bags or water-
bags.

Ballota [bal-o'-tak) [ in'/ /<.>"/,. black hoarhound]. A
genus of labiate plants. B. nigra, or black hoarhound,
was formerly much used in medicine. B. (or Hyptis)
suaveolens, of the E. and W. Indies, has been
lately introduced into general practice as a powerful
and yet safe nervin, antilithic, diuretic, evacuant, and
laxative remedy. L'nof. B. lanata, of N. Asia, has
similar uses, l'nof.

Ballottement (bal-of '-mon(g)) [Fr. , from ballofle, a
ball]. A method of diagnosticating pregnancy from
the fourth to the eighth month. A push is given the
uterus by the finger inserted into the vagina, and if the
fetus be present, it will rise and fall again like a heavy
body in water.

Ball's Operations. See Operations, Table of '.

Balm (bahm) [balsamum, a balsam]. A popular syn-
onym of balsamum. Any soothing application or
ointment. B. of Gilead. See Balsam, Abies, and
M lissa.

Balmony [bal'-mo-ne) [origin uncertain]. The herb
( '// • >-a ; cathartic and anthelmintic. Dose of

the fld. e\t. Jss-j. Chelonin, the concentrated ext.
1 >ose gr. j-iv. l'nof.

Balneography (bal-ne-og' ra-fe) [balneum, a bath;
. a writing]. A treatise on bathing.

Balneology [bal-ne-oV -o-je) [balneum, a bath ; 7
science]. The science of baths and their effects upon
the system.

HAl.M-.i (THERAPEl 1 ICS

1 —

BANDAGE

Balneotherapeutics [bal-ne-o ther-ap-u' -tiks). ~

Balneotherapy [bal-n um, a bath ;

.ding]. Systematic bathing for therapeutic
pur) >t the treatment of disease by baths <>r

bath

Balneum [pal'-ne-um) [I..]. A bath. See Bath.
B. arenae, a sand bath. See Ammotherapy. B.
lacteum, a milk bath. B. luteum, a mud-bath.
k. B. pneumaticum, an Air-bath, ,/. v.

Balonea i /'</.' : Valonia.

Balsam (bawl'-sam) [ Vkkoapav, the resin of the balsam
tree]. The resinous, volatile, aromatic substai
liquid or concrete, obtained from certain trees by
natural exudation or by artificial extraction. Balsams
are divided into two classes, those with, and those
without, benzoic and cinnamic acids. In general they
are mixtures of various essential oils, resins, and acids.
B. Apple, the plant Momordica balsamina, and it-,
warty, gourd-like fruit. It is purgative, but its tincture
is chiefly used in dome-tic medicine as a vulnerary.
Unof. B Bog. a singular -tone-like, woody, umbelli-
ferous plant, Bolax or Azorella glebaria, of the Falk-
land Islands and Patagonia. It- aromatic gum is
locally prized as a vulnerary, de-iccative, and anti-gon-
orrheal remedy. Unof. B., Canada, a turpentine
gathered from the natural blisters of the bark of Abies
balsamum. It is much used as a mounting medium by
microscopists. B. of Copaiba. See Copaiba. B. of
Fir. Same as Canada Balsam. See Abies. B.,
Friar's. See Benzoin. B. of Gilead, the balm of
the Old Testament; an oleo-resin obtained from the
B iron gileadense. B. of Peru, the balsam

obtained from Toluifera pereiree ; antiseptic, stimulant
to the circulation, and sedative to the nervous system;
generally a tonic, and expectorant in bronchitis. Ap-
plied locally it is useful in chronic inflammatory skin-
diseases. Dose of the emulsion Tl\x— xxv. B.-root,
a popular name for certain composite-flowered plants
of the genus Balsamorrhiza. B. hookerii, B. macro-
phylla, B, sagitlata are common in the Pacific States
and are rich in a resinous balsam. Unof. B. of
Tolutan, or of Tolu, obtained from Toluifera bal-
samum. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, toluene.
It possesses an agreeable odor, and is a basis for many
cough-mixtures. It is a fair expectorant. T. Tin t.
contain-, ten per cent, of the balsam in 90 per cent, of
alcohol. Dose rrp.x-xxx. T. Syr., balsam four parts;
simple syrup 96. Dose^j-ij.

Balsamation (bawl-sam-a' -shun \ [ IdAoafiov, the resin
of the balsam tree]. Embalmment with balsamic or
aromatic spi

Balsamic [bawl1 -satn-ik) [ftaTioa/iov, the resin of the
balsam tree]. Having the nature or qualities of a
balsam.

Balsamine (bawl-sam-in) [3a7,aauov, balsam]. Any
plant of the genus Impatiens, q. v.

Balsamito [bawl' -sam-e' -to) [Sp.]. A tincture of balsam
of Peru in rum ; anthelmintic, diuretic, and tonic ; it
is used externally as a cosmetic and a stimulant wash
for sores. I

Balsamodendron (bawl-sam-o-den'-dron). See M
and Bdellium.

Balsams [bawl' '-samz) [jiaAoauav, the resin of the bal-
sam tree]. The natural, thick solution- of the gum
resins in the essential oils and turpentines. See />'

Balsamum (baP -sam-um) \Jlako~auov, balsam: gen.,
Balsamt]. A balsam, q. v. B. dipterocarpi.
Gurjun Balsam.

Balser's Fatty Necrosis. See / Table of.

Bambalia {bam-ba'-le-ah) [I-.]. Stammering; thick-
ness of speech, or other impediment t" utteran

Bamberger's Fluid. An albuminous mercuric com-
pound used in the treatment of syphilis. It is made
.1- follow- : To 100 c.c. of a Altered solution of white
of egg (containing 40 c.c. of albumin and 60 c.c. of
water) there arc added 60 c.c. of a solution of mercu-
ric chlorid (containing 5 per cent., or 3 grams, of
bichlorid of mercurj | and no c.c. of a solution of
sodium chlorid (containing 20 pet cent.); finally, 80
grams of distilled water are added, which brings
the bulk of the solution up to 300, containing O.oio
mercuric chlorid in ever) > ului centimeter.

Bamboo (barn-boo') [P. Ind., bambu\ A popular
name for main tree-like, woody -tcnitned grasses, es-
pecially those of the genus Bambusa. Apart from a
limited' use in surgery, none "I the bamboo.- is em-
ployed in regular medicine. Locally, B. arundi-
nacea i- employed a- an alterative, anthelmintic, and
depurative. Unof. See also 'Fatah, >r. B. Brier,
the root of Smilax sarsaparilla, habitat, Southern
United States. Its properties are identical with tl
of sarsaparilla. Dose of the fid. ext. g ss-ij. Unof.

Banana (ban an' -ah) [Sp.]. The root of the common
banana, Musa sapientum, said to be a valuable all
tive, and useful in strumous affections. Dose of the
tld. ext. TT\, x-x.\x. Unof.

Band [band) [ME., bande\. That which binds. A
stripe. A ligament. B., Axis, Baer's primitive
streak. B., Belly, a band to pass around the abdo-
men. B., Head, a strap for securing a mirror to
the forehead. B., Horny, of Tarinus, the fore part
of the tenia semicircularis. B., Moderator. See
B. , ReiPs. B., Reil's, a fibrous muscular fillet that
frequently extends across the right ventricle of the
heart; it is called also the moderator band. B. of
Remak. See Fiber, axial; also Purkinje, Axis Cyl-
inder of. B. of Tarinus. See B., Horny.

Bandage [ban'-daj) [Fi.,bande,a strip]. Bandages
are usually strips of muslin or other material, of vary
ing widths and lengths, used in surgery for the purpose
of protecting, compressing, etc., a part, or for the re-
tention of dressings and applications. A simple ban-
dage or roller consists of one piece ; a compound, of
two or more pieces. Starch, plaster-of- Paris, silica,
dextrin, tripolith, etc., etc., are used or recom-
mended for making still and immovable dressings
or bandages. According to their direction bandages
are classed as : I. Circular, circular turns about the
part. 2. Figure-of-8, the turns crossing each other
like that figure. 3. Oblique, covering the part by ob-
lique turn-. 4. Recurrent, the turns returning suc-
cessively to the point of origin. 5. Spica, the turns
resembling the arrangement of the husks of an ear of
corn. 6. Spiral, each turn covering one-half ol the
preceding. 7. Spiral reverse, the bandage is reversed
in order to better adapt it to the part. Bandages are
also classed according to the part to which they are
applied. Of Bandages of the head we have: 1.
Circular, of the forehead, to retain dressings upon the
head. 2. Circular, of the eyes. 3. Crossed, of the
^jw, to hold dressings upon one or both eyes. 4. /
the eve, a small piece of muslin cut in the shape ol a
right-angled triangle, and sufficiently large to cover the
eye, i- sewn l>v it- base, w iili the perpendicular toward
the ear, to a horizontal -trip of a length to encircle the
head. lli i tlie triangle i- sewn to a vertical

strip long e igh to pass under the jaw and meet the

horizontal -nip on the opposite side. 5. Crossed, oj
the angle of the iaw, to support the part- in fracture
of the angle of the jaw, 6. Knotted, of the head, a
double headed roller with compress, to make compres
m in wound oi the temporal artery. 7. Recurrent, oj
/he head, a single lea. led or double headed roller, to

I3ANDAG1 S

189

BANDAGES

BANDAGES.

Crossed Bandage of both Eyes.

T-Bandage of the Eye.

Recurrent Bandage of the Head.

Four-tailed Bandage of the Head.

Four-tailed Bandage of the Head.

Barton's Bandage.

The Six-tailed Bandage of Galen.

Transverse Recurrent of the Head.

Agnew's Bandage.

Posterior Figure-of-S Bandage of the
Chest.

Suspensory and Compressor Bandage
of the Breast.

Spica Bandage of Shoulder.

Gibsons Bandage

Anterior figure-of-8 Bandage ol the
Chest.

Spirai of the Chest.

i;am».u.k>

190

BANDAGES

Eight-tailed Bandage of the Abdomen.

Double Spica Bandage of the Groins.

Ascending Spica of the Groin.

Figure-of-8 of the Elbow.

Velpeau's Bandage.

Desault's Bandage.

Recurrent Batidage of Stump.

Gauntlet Bandage.

Demi-Gauntlet Bandage.

Modified Figure-of-8 Bandage of the
i i iwer Extremity.

Spiral Reversed of the Forearm
(or Leg).

Spiral Bandage of the Finger.

Spica of the Foot.

BANDAGE

1U1

BAN! LNG 1 REATMENT

retain dressings upon the head. 8. Four-tailed, of the
head, a piece of cloth eight inches wide and long
enough to pass over the head and under tin- (Inn, i-
torn from either end to within three or four in< bes ol
the middle. The body of the bandage is placed on the
top of the head, the posterior end- an- tied under the
chin, and the two anterior end> carried hark ward and
tied at the nape of the neck. 9. Gibson'' s, for the /
of the lower jaw, to support tin parts in fracture. 10.
Rhea Barton's, lor the same purpose. 11. Capeline
or Mitra Hippocratis : made by a double-headed roller
(one which is rolled from each end. the two heads
King on the same side of the liandage and being of
equal size). One roll being taken in each hand, the
intervening strip is applied low down over the center
of the forehead, and the bandage unrolled on either
side until the two heads meet posteriorly below the
oeeipital protuberance. From this point the two
rollers are applied in different directions, one passing
continuously around the head in a circle, the other
forward and backward over the cranium until the latter
i- entirely covered. 12. Galen's six-tailed bandage;
the bandage is so arranged that it has three strips at
each end. The middle portion is placed on the crown
of the head, the anterior ends are tied at the back of the
neck, the middle under the chin, and the posterior at
the forehead. 13. Garretson's, a bandage for the lower
jaw, passing above the forehead and back again to
cross under the occiput, and finally ending in front of the
chin. 14. Pressure-bandage, an eye-bandage applied
with a considerable degree of firmness in order to
afford pressure. 15. Protective-bandage, a bandage
for the eye. lightly applied. 16. Hamilton 's, a form
of compound bandage for the lower jaw, consisting
mainly of a firm leather strap to support the jaw. 17.
LiebreicKs, a variety of bandage for the eye, made
from a knitted-cotton band. 18. Thillaye's, a com-
pound bandage for joining the edges of the wounds
in hare-lip operation. Of Bandages of the trunk
there are: I. Circular, of the neck. 2. Figure-oj
of the neck and axilla, to retain dressings upon the
shoulder or in the axilla. 3. Anterior figure-of-8, of
chest, to draw the shoulder forward and to retain
dressings on the anterior surface of the chest. 4. Pos-
terior figure-of-8, of chest, to draw the shoulders back
in fractured clavicle, or to retain dressings on the
posterior surface of the chest. 5- Crossed, 0/ one or
both breasts, to support the breasts in excessive lacta-
tion or in mammary disease. 6. Spica, of shoulder, to
retain the head of the humerus in place after disloca-
tion. 7. Spiral, of the chest, to make compression in
fracture of the sternum or ribs. 8. Circular, of the
abdomen, to support the abdominal walls. 9. Spiral,
of the abdomen, to compress the abdominal walls or to
retain dressings. 10. Spica, of one or both groins, to
compress groin or retain dressings. II. Spiral
of the penis, to retain dressings upon this organ.
The Bandages of the arm are: I. Circular, of the
wrist. 2. Figure-of-8, of -wrist, to compress the joint
or retain dressings. 3. Figure-of-8, of elbozo. 4.
Circular, of arm or forearm. 5- Oblique, of arm or
forearm. 6. Spiral, of arm, to retain dressings. 7.
Spiral reverse, of upper extremity, to support the arm
in dislocations, fractures, etc. 8. Velpeau's, used to
support the arm in fracture of the clavicle, the m
or acromial process of the scapula. The hand oi the
injured side being placed on the sound shoulder, an
oblique turn is made from the axilla of the sound side,
across the back of the chest to the opposite shoul
covering the fracture, down under the elbow in front
to axilla of the sound side, then aero-- the back over
the outside of the point of the elbow to the axilla of

the sound side, thus continuing the oblique and cir-
cular turns alternately and advancing over the arm till
it is held firmly. 9. Desaulfs Apparatus, con
of an axillary pad held by tapes about the neck, a
-ling for the hand, and two single-headed rollers. The
forearm is placed at right angles with the humerus, held
in place by many circular and oblique turn-, about the
shoulder and body. 10. . a form of apparatus

consisting of a chest-belt, an arm -belt, and an axil-
lary pad. It i- used in treating fractured clavi<
The Bandages of the hand are: I. Spiral, of the
linger. 2. Spiral, of all the fingers, or gauntlet. 3.
Spiral, of palm, or demi-gauntlet. 4. Spica, of thumb.
All the bandages of the hand are used in cases of frac
hire or to retain dressings. The Bandages of the
lower extremity are: 1. Figure-of-8, of ankle, to
cover the part or retain dressings. 2. Figure-of-8, of
knee, to cover the part or compress it. 3. Figure-of-
8, of thighs, to compress the part after wound- 01
operations. 4. Spica, of in tep, to compress the parts.
5. Spiral reverse , le lower extremity, to support

the limb after fracture, etc. 6. Baynton's, a s<
of straps of adhesive plaster used in the treatment of
chronic leg ulcers. 7. A'ibbail's, a spica bandage of
the foot. B., Genga's. See !>.. t's. B.,

Heliodorus's. The T-bandage. B., Hippocrates'.
See B., Cap, line. B., Hueter's, a spica bandage for
the perineum. B., Langier's, a many-tailed paper
bandage. B., Larrey's, a form of many-tailed band-
age, the edges being glued together. B., Maison-
neuve's, a variety of Plaster-of-Paris bandage, formed
from cloth- folded, these being supported by other
bandages. B. of the Poor. See Gal n' Bandage.
B., Recurrent, for stumps, is u-ed after amputati
to support the Raps. B., Richet's, a form of Plaster-
of-Paris bandage to which a small amount of gelatin
has been added. B. of Scultetus, a compound
bandage, similar to a spiral reverse in appearance and
action, used in compound fractures, so that the short
pieces of which it is composed may be removed with-
out motion of the limb. T-Bandages are compound,
and resemble that letter ; the menstrual napkin is an
example. B., Theden's, a form of roller bandage
applied from below upward over a graduated com-
press, to control hemorrhage from a limb. See Hand-
kerchief Dressing.

Bandager [ban' -da-jef) [Fr., bande, a strip]. One
skilled in the application of bandages. See Dresser.

Bandagist {ban'-da-jist) [Fr., bande a strip]. A maker
of trusses, bandages, and other surgical appliances to
be worn upon the person.

Banded Hair [ban'-ded har). See Ringed Hair.

Bandl, Operation of. See Operation . fable of. B.,
Ring of, the superior limit of the cervical canal, in
pregnancy at a level with the pelvic inlet, marking the
boundary between the lower uterine segment and the
rest of the uterus. It is about six inches above th
externum.

Bandolin [ban' '-do-lin) [origin uncertain]. A mucilage
made usually of quince-seeds, or of gum-tragacanth,
used mainly as a paste for confining the hair and making
it lustrous ; it is called also fixature. See Cydonium.

Bandy Leg [banf-de leg). Bow-leg, q. v.

Baneberry (ban' '-be. ••- Si e Actaa.

Bang, Bhang, or Bangue 1 bang). See Cannabis indica.

Banian [ban'-yari) [Ar., banyan, a trader]. A South
A-iatie fig-tree, Fiats bengalensis, remarkable for the
development of root- and secondary trunks from it-
branches. Its juice i- antodontalgic ; the bark and
seeds tonic, diuretic, and antipyretic. Unof.

Banks's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Banting Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of.

BAN flNGISM

192

BARKING

Bantingism {ban' -ting-istn) [From Banting, the name
of the inventor). A method pro reduc-

tion of corpulence, by abstinence from saccharine and
farinaceous foods. See Treatment, Methods,

Banyan [ban'-yan). See Banian.

Baobab Tree. See Adansonia digit at a.

Baptin , idipping] A. moderately

purgative glucosid, obtaiuable from Baptisia tine-

Baptisia [ idnnaig, a dipping]. Wild

Indigo. ["he root bark <>( /■>'. tinctoria with proper-
ties due to an impure glucosid, the so-called Baptism.
It is laxative and stimulant in moderate doses ; emetic
and cathartic in large doses, and is valuable in amenor-
rhea, typhus and typhoid fevers. It is excellent for
il application to indolent ulcers and gangrenous
sore-. B., Extract. Do-e gr. j-x. B.,Ext. Fid.
Dose mjj-xx. B., Tinct. Dose n\,v-xxx. Dose of
the resin gr. j-v. All unof.

Baptisin {bap* -tiz-in) [/Jc i dipping], i. A pre-

cipitate from the tincture of Baptisia tinctoria; and
septic, evacuant, ecbolic, resolvent. I >ose one to three
grain-. Unof. 2. A bitter glucosid obtainable from
the plant, Baptisia tinctoria ; it has little medicinal
activity.

Baptitoxin {bap-tit-oksf -in) [ ia-rinir, a dipping; T0^1k6v,
a poison]. A poisonous alkaloid obtained from Baptisia
tin toria. It hastens respiration and exaggerates vaso-
mi 't' >r activity.

Baptorrhea [bap-tor-e* '-ah) [ idtrroc, infected ; peeiv, to
flow]. Any infectious discharge from a mucous sur-
face, a- gonorrhea.

Baptothecorrhea (bap-to-the-kor-e' -ah) [tlanroc, in-
fected ; 'V"7. vagina; peeiv, to flow]. Gonorrhea in
women.

Bapturethrorrhea [pap-tu-rith-ro-re' '-ah) [/3a7rrof, in-
!ed; ovpi/Opa, urethra ; peeiv, to flow]. Urethral
uorrhea; gonorrhea of men.

Baranilin (bar-an* -il-in) [/3api>c, heavy; anilin\.
Heavy anilin oil. See Heavy (-V/and Creasole Oil.

Baraquet {bar-ah-kwetf) [Fr.]. Synonym of Influenza.

Barb {barb) [barba, a beard]. I. In biology, the
retrorse tooth of an awn or prickle. 2. One of the
narrow acute plates diverging from the rachis and
going to form the vane of a feather.

Barba (par'-bah) [I..]- The beard.

Barbadoes Leg (par-baf-ddz leg). See Elephantiasis
Arabum. B. Nut. See Purging Nut. B. Tar, a
fi a in of bitumen [a. v.) formerly employed in medicine.

Barbaloin [bar-bal' -o-in) [Barbadoes ; </><<//, aloe],
< 17 1 1 .,/ >-. The aloin derived from Barbadoes aloes.

Barbarossa's Pills. A mercurial preparation con-
taining in addition rhubarb, scammony, musk, etc.

Barbasco [bar-bos' -ko) [verbaseum, mullein]. A com-
posite-flowered plant of tropical America, the Cliba-
dium biocarpum. The stalk- an- used in preparing
hair-washes, and are said t.i restore gray hair to its
natural color. The plant is also used in eye-troubles.
It is said to be very poisonous. Unof.

Barbellate [bar-bel' -&t) [barbella, dim. of barba, a
beard]. In biology, applied to the bristles of the
pappus of some composite when beset with short, stiff
hairs, longer than when denticulate, but shorter than
when plumose.

Barben Cholera {bar-ben kol'-er-ah). A form of poi-
soning resulting, in Central Europe, from the eating
of the barb.

Barber's Itch {bar' '-berz ich) . The disease called
Tinea barbie, Sycosis parasituria, or Tinea syt
q. v.

Barberry (bar'-ber-e). See Berberis. B. Gum, a
commercial name of certain varieties of gum-arabii

Barber-Surgeon {bar' -ber ser'-jitn) [barba, a beard ;
M I ■'.. , tourgeon"]. Formerly, a barber who also prac-
tised surgerj .

Barbicel {bar* -bis-el) [barbicella, dim. of barba, a
beard]. In biology, one of the fringes of a barbule
of a feather.

Barbiers [bar'-birz) [E. Ind.]. A paralytic affection
common in India, and probably a myelitis. It is
often confounded with beriberi.

Barbigerous (bar-bij'-er-us) [barba, & beard; gerere,
to cany]. In biology, bearded ; hirsute;' coarsely
pubescent ; applied to petals.

Barbotine {bar-bo-tccn') [Fr., wormwood]. Levant
W( >rm-seed.

Barbule {bar'-bul) [barbula, dim. of barba, beard].
In biology, one of the fringes of the barb in a feather,
going to make up the vane of the barb, as the barb-
make the vain- oi the feather.

Barclay's Angles. See Angle. B.'s Plane. See
Plane.

Barcoo {bar'-koo) [Australian]. A peculiar disease,
marked by nausea and vomiting, common in Australia.
Its cause is unknown. It is also called " Fly-sick-
ness.' '

Bardana {par-da'-nah) [L.]. The burdock. See
Lappa.

Bardeleben's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bardenheuer's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Barden's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Baregin (bar-a'-zhin). See Glaisin.

Baresthesiometer {bar-es-the-ze-om' -et-er) [&&poq,
weight; aioih/oic, perception ; pirpov, a measure]. An
instrument for estimating the weight-sense in disturb-
ances of sensibility.

Baresthesiometric (bar-es-the-ze-o-met'-rik) [3dpoc,
weight; aladr/aig, perception; uerpov, a measure].
Relating to the baresthesiometer.

Bareswill's Solution. A solution for the detection of
sugar in the urine. It consists of sulphate of copper,
acid potassium tartrate and sodic hydrate. See Tests,
Table of.

Barford's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Baric (ba'-rik) [/3dpoc, heavy]. Pertaining to or con-
taining barium.

Barilla {bar-ilf-ah) [Fr., barille, impure soda]. Impure
sodium carbonate ; being the ashe- obtained by burn-
ing various chenopodiaceous plants of the genera
Salicomia and Salsola.

Barium {ba'-re-um) \_j3npog, heavy]. Ba —136. 8;
<|uantivalence II. A metal of the alkaline group, of
pale yellow color, characterized by a strong affinity for
oxygen. Neither the metal nor its salts arc much
employed in medicine; all are poisonous. B. Car-
bonate, BaC< >,, used in the preparation of the chlorid.
B. Chlorid, l!a< 1 ,2! I ,< >, soluble, used a- a reagent,
and also as a cardiac and vasomotor stimulant in the
treatment of aneurysm. Dose gr. ss-v. B. Chlorid
Test. See Tests, Table of. B. dioxid. Ba02, used
for making aqua hydrogenii dioxid. B. iodid, formerly
used as an alterative. Dose gr. \. Mainly employed
in ointments. Unof. B. monohydrate, caustic
baryta; reagent. B. oxid, BaO, baryta. B. sul-
phate, I!aS04, used as a pigment ; formerly used in
the treatment of skin disease.-, and in lotions.

Bark (bark) [ME., barke\ The cortex or covering
surrounding the wood of exogens. It is sometimes
used a- a synonym of cinchona or calisaya bark. B.
Peruvian. See Cinchona. 1 lor other barks, see the
names of the plants or trees that produce them.)

Barker's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Barking {bar^-king). [ME., barken, to bark.] The
utt ring of a peculiar sharp, short cry. a- a dog. See

BARLEKIA

19.'}

BASE

Aboiement. B. Disease, a guttural, barking cough,
with nervous disorder and impairment of tin- will;
cynobex bebetis.

Barleria [bar-le* -re-aft) [_!-.]. A genus oi acanthai
plants. B. buxifolia and B. ciliata, ol lmlia, are
aperient. B. prionitis, of S. Asia, is employed
polychrest. Unof.

Barley [bar'-le) [ME., barly~\. A cereal belonging
to the order Graminea ; the most common vai
Hordeum distichon, is much used as a food, and also
in the preparation of malt. B. Decoct. (B. P
Dose 3J— iv. B. Pearl, is the decorticated grain,
rounded and polished. B. Water, decoctum hordei,
a decoction consisting of two ozs. of Pearl II. boiled
in one and one half pints of water and afterward
strained. See Ptisan. B. Sugar, saccharum hordea-
turn ; practically a glucose. Applied also to an amor-
phous mass obtained by melting cane-sugar.

Barnes's Curve. In obstetrics, the segment of a cir-
cle, having for its center the sacral promontory, its
concavity looking backward. B.'s Dilators, gradu-
ated rubber bags used for dilating the cervix uteri
in the induction of abortion or premature labor. B.'s
Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Barograph [bar'-o-graf) [ Idpoc, weight ; -ypd<peii>, to
record]. A self-registering barometer.

Baromacrometer [bar-o-mak-romr -et-er) \fidpoq, weight;
pnKpoc, long; pkxpov, measure]. An apparatus for
ascertaining the weight and length of new-born infants.

Barometer [bar-om/ -et-er) [/Sdpoc, weight; ptrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining the weight
and tension of the atmosphere. It consists essentially of
a glass tube about 36 inches long, closed at one end,
filled with mercury, and inverted in a basin of mer-
cury. The mercury will sink in the tube until it rests
at a height of about 30 inches at the sea-level, the
height varying as the atmospheric pressure increases or
diminishes. B., Aneroid, a metallic box from which
the air has been exhausted, the tension being indi-
cated by the collapsing or bulging o<" the thin corru-
gated cover, which is connected with a movable index.
B. -maker's Disease, a form of chronic mercurial
poisoning among the workmen who make barometers.
It is due to the inhalation of the fumes of mercury.

Barometrograph (bar-o-met'-ro-graf). See Barograph.

Baroscope (bar'-o-skop) \_jidpoc, weight ; amnelv, to
observe]. An instrument used for determining the
loss of weight of a body in air, compared with its
weight in a vacuum. A form of baroscope has been
invented by Esbach for the quantitative determination
of urea.

Barosma {bar-oz' '-mak) [<3dpog, heavy ; baiti], smell]. A
plant of the order Rutacea, native to the Cape of Go< id
Hope and vicinity ; several species of which yield the
Buchu of commerce.

Barosmin (b

ar-oz

-win) [fiapog, heavy; bap?}, smell].

A precipitate from the tincture of Barosma crenata.

Dose grs. ij-iij. Unof.
Barras (bar' -as) [Fr.]. Turpentine obtained in the S.

of Erance, chiefly from Pinus pinaster.
Barrel-shaped Chest. See Emphysema.
Barrenness (bar^-en-nes) [ME., bareynesse~\. Sterility

in the female.
Barrier's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.
Barruel's Apparatus. An arrangement for charging

water with carbonic acid.
Barsac [bar-sank*) [Fr.]. A white French wine, often

with a bitter-sweet, resinous flavor.
Bartholin, Canal of. See Duct. B., Duct of. See

Duct. B., Foramen of. See Foramina, Tab '

B., Glands of. See Gland.
Bartholinitis [bar-tho-lin-i'-tis) [Bartholin, a Danish

13

physician; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
vulvovaginal gland.

Bartisch's Operation. See Operation,, Table of.

Bartlett's Apparatus. A splint or dressing for frac-
ture ol the clavicle with dislocation.

Barton's Bandage. See Bandage. B. Fracture.
See f'raeture and Diseases, Table of B. Handker-
chief, a form of temporary dressing for a wound.
Handkerchief Dressing. B. Operations. See Opera-
tions, Table of.

Baruria [bar-u' '-re-aft) [/Jdpoc, heavy ; ovpov, urine].
Abnormally high specific gravity of the urine ; also the
ndition ol the body associated therewith.

Barwell's Apparatus. An apparatus for the treatment
ol talipes by mean- of continuous traction on the foot.
B. Operations. See Operations, Table of .

Barwood Red. See Pigments, Con pectus of.

Baryacoia [bar-e-ak-oi' aft). See Baryecoia.

Baryecoia (bar-e-ek-oi'-aft) [ ; , hardness of hear-

ing]. Hardness of hearing; partial deafness.

Baryencephalia {bar-e-en-sef-a' '-It aft) [Bapbg, heavy;
•»/>'» . brain]. Dulness of intellect.

Baryglossia {bar-e-glos' -e-aft) \fiapbq, heavy; yhuaaa,
a tongue]. Thick , slow utterance.

Barylalia (bar-e-la' -le-aft) \fiapve, heavy; /a/.ta,
speech]. Thickness and dulness of speech ; bary-
phonia.

Barymastia [bar-e-mas/-te-aft) [ lapvc, heavy; ui -
breast]. Same as Barymazia.

Barymazia (bar-e-ma'-ze-ah) \fiapvc, heavy; pa£6c,
breast]. Heaviness or large size of the mammas.

Baryodmia (bar-e-od' -me-ah) [ heavy; bSpi/,

odor]. A heavy, disagreeable odor ; also a subjective
sensation as of a disagreeable smell.

Baryodynia [bar-e-o-dinf -e-aft) \fjiapbc, heavy ; bdvvrj,
pain]. Severe pain.

Baryphonia (bar-e-fo' '-ne-aft) [[iapir, heavy ; pi. . .
voice]. A difficulty of speech.

Baryphonic [bar-e-fon' -ik) \fiapvc, heavy ; tpuvi/, voice].
Affected with baryphonia.

Barysomatia {bar-e-so-ma* '-she-aft) \fiapvq, heavy;
autia , body]. Excess in the weight of the body.

Baryta, or Barytes (bar-i'-tah, or bar-i'-tes) [fiapbg,
heavy]. Oxid of barium. See Barium. B. Green.
Same as Manganese Green.

Barythymia [bar-e-tkim* '-e-aft) [j3apvg, heavy; 0vp:6g,
mind]. A melancholy, gloomy, or sullen state of
mind.

Basaal (ba'-sa-a/) [Malay]. An East Indian to •
Embelia basal : it- fruit is a vermifuge ; its leaves are
soothing and demulcent. Unof.

Basad [ba'-sad) \Jidaig, a foundation]. Toward the
basal aspect.

Basal (ha' -sal) [fidoic, a foundation]. Pertaining to or
located at the base. See Basilar. B. Ganglia.
Ganglion.

Basanastragala (bas-an-as-tragf -al-aft) [ lacavog, tor
ture ; dorpayaTwc, heel, ankle], (lout in the heel or
ankle.

Basculation (bas-ku-la'-shun) [Ii . --wing].

The movement by which retroversion of the uterus is
corrected when the fundus i- pressed upward and the
cervix drawn downward.

Bascule Movement (bas'-kul moozJ-me>r fit. bas-
cule, a swing]. The recoil of the heart in its .systolic
motion.

Base (/'as) [ jcurig, a foundation]. The lower part, as, the
base of the brain. In chemistry, an element or radical
that combines with an acid to form a salt. The
electro positive molecule or radical of a compound. In
dentistry, the plate upon which artificial teeth are held.
In pharmacy, the most important part of the prescription.

BASE B \l 1 l'l H HER'S ARM

l!»l

BASILYST

In microscopy, the portion of the stand of a micro-
scope upon which it rests. It i- important tor steadi-
ness. In electro-therapeutics, the part of a battery upon
which arc fastened the coil-posts and switches. B.,
for Artificial Teeth; in the construction of a b
for artificial teeth, a transfer or model of plaster ol
Paris is first obtained. Then a metallic die and
counter die, if the base is to be of metal, are procured,
and between these a plate of suitable size and thick-
ness is swaged. See Metallic Base and Vulcanite
Base. B., Organic, a term including a large mini >< r
organic compounds, especially nitrogen compounds,
which, like ammonium, unite with acids to form salts.
They are commonly called alkaloids.

Base-ball Pitcher's Arm, a peculiar condition of the
arm arising from over-use, characterized by loss of
strength, tenderness, neuralgic pains, and inflamma-
tion and hypertrophy of the hone.

Basecphysis (bas-ek' -fiz-is) [inn/r, a base, a foot;
■ . a growing out, a shoot]. In biology, a branch
springing from the basal joint, as in the limbs of
Crustacea. Synonyms Exognathite, Exopodite.

Basedow's Disease. An exophthalmic bronchocele ;
called also, Exophthalmic Goiter, and I .raves' Disease.
///./and Diseases, Tabl

Basement [bos' '-ment) [Fr. , bassement"]. The funda-
mental portion. B. Membrane. See Membrane. B.
Tissue. See Tissue.

Bas Fond (bah fon(g)) [Fr.]. The floor of the urinary
bladder.

Basham's Mixture. Mistura ferri et ammonii acetatis.
B. Test. See nable of.

Basial (ba'-ze-al) [/Jdfftc, a foundation]. Relating to a
base, as to the basion.

Basi-alveolar (ba-se-al-ver-o-lar) [fiaotq, foundation;
alveolus, a little trough]. Relating to the basion and
the alveolar point.

Basiarachnitis (ba-se-ar-ak-ni'-tis) [Baots, foundation;
V17/, a spider ; ir/r. inflammation]. Inflammation
of that part of the arachnoid that corresponds to the
base of the skull.

Basiator (ba-ze-a' -tor) [basiare, to kiss]. The orbicu-
laris oris muscle. See Muscles, 7

Basibracteolate (ba-se-brak' '-te-o-lat) [basis, a ba
bracteola, a little bract]. In biology, having the base
surrounded by bracts, as the dandelion.

Basibranchial (ba-se-brangf -ke-al\ [ba , a base; bran-
chics, gills]. In biology, applied to the one or more
skeletal pieces forming the base of gills or branchiae.

Basic [ba'-sik) [Qaats, a foundation]. Having proper-
lies the opposite of those of acids. An acid capable
of uniting with a single monad atom or radical is called
monobasic. One that will unite with two monad or
one dyad atom or radical, etc., is said to be dibasic.
This measure of the power of an acid is called its
basicity. B. Blue. Same as Spirit Blue.

Basicerite (bas-is' '-er-lf) [Boots, base; iclpag, horn].
The second joint of the antenna in a crustacean.

Basicity (bas-is' '-it-e) [Boats, foundation]. I. The
quality of being bade. 2. The combining power of
an acid.

Basicranial (ba-se-kra'-ne-al) [Boots, foundation;

. the skull], Relatingto the base of the skull.

B. Axis, a line running from a point midway be

tween the occipital condyles through the median

plane to the junction of the ethmoid and presphenoid.

Basidigital ba- e-dif -it-aV) [ Jdfftc, foundation ; digitus,
a finger]. Pertaining to the bases of the digit-. B.
Bone, any metacarpal, or metatarsal bone.

Basidiogenetic (ba -id n 1' ik\ > Hum, a

spore-producing cell origin]. In biology,

produced on a basidium.

Basidiospore (bas-id'-e-o-spdr) [basidium, a spore-pro-
ducing cell ; Oiropa, seed]. One of the spores pro-
dined upon a basidium.

Basidium (bas-idf-e-um) [dim. of \&aiq, a base: />.'.,
■ /<//</]. In biology, a large cell in the higher fungi,
borne on the hyiiienium and producing spores at its
free end.

Basifacial (bas-e/a/-shal) [basis, foundation ; fades,
face]. Pertaining to the lower portion of the face.
B. Axis, in craniometry, a line from the anterior
point of the premaxilla to the anterior point of the
basicranial axis.

Basifixed (ba' '-se-fikst) [basis, base ; fixus, fixed]. In
biology, attached by the base.

Basifugal (bas-if-u-gal) [ ■ ■ , a base; fugere, to
]. In biology, derived from, or proceeding away
from the base; acropetal; centrifugal.

Basigynium (bas-ij'-i^-e-um) [ -incur, a base ; yvn, , a
female: igynial. See Gynophore.

Basihyal [bas-c-hi'-al) [basis, base ; boeidhi , shaped like
the letter upsilon]. Either one of the two bones, one
on each side, that form the principal part of the body
of the hyoid arch.

Basihyoid (bas-e-hi'-oid). See Basihyal.

Basil (ba'-sil) [-iaat'/iKor, royal]. A kind of mint,
Ocymum basilicum ; aromatic and carminative. The
name i- given to other related plants. Unof.

Basilad (bas'-il-ad) [Boots, foundation]. Toward or
to the base or basilar aspect.

Basilar (bas/-il-ar) [Boots, base]. Pertaining to the
base, usually of the skull. B. Artery, the artery ex-
tending between the borders of the Pons Varolii ;
through its branches it supplies the substance of the
pons. See Arteries, Tableof. B. Aspect, the view of
the head looking toward the base of the skull. B.
Membrane, a membranous division-wall separating
the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani, extending
from the base to the apex of the cochlea, and sup-
porting the organ of Corti. B. Process, a. strong
quadrilateral plate of bone in front of the foramen
magnum. B. Suture, the suture formed by the junc-
tion of the basilar surface of the occipital bone with
the posterior surface of the body of the sphenoid.

Basilary (bos' -il-a-re). Sec Basilar.

Basilateral (bas-e-lat' -er-al) [basis, base; latus, side].
Both basilar and lateral.

Basilen (bas/-il-en) [basis, base]. Belonging to the
basilar portion in it-elf.

Basilic (bas-il'-ik) [basilicus; QaoiTandc, royal]. Any
structure or medicine of importance (obsolescent |.
B. Vein, a large vein of the arm on the inner side
of the biceps. See Vein.

Basilicon Ointment (bas-iV '-ik-on ointf-meni). An
ointment composed of yellow wax, yellow resin, and
Burgundy pitch aa 1 lb., olive oil ll.^xvj, to which,
when melted, turpentine ^iij are added. It is called
also the "four drug" ointment. There are several
other ointments bearing this name. See Resina.

Basilo-bregmatic (bas-il-o-breg-ma^-ih)[ )aau . found-
ation; Ipiy/ia, the sinciput]. Pertaining to the I
of the skull and the bregma.

Basilo-mental (bas-il-o-men'-tal) [basis, base; men-
turn, the chin]. Pertaining to the base of the skull
and to the chin.

Basil-thyme (baf -sil-tlm) [BooiXik6v, royal; %/iov,
thyme]. A European species of mint, Calamintha
acinos ; aromatic and calmative. Unof.

Basilysis (bas-il'-is-is) [Boots, base; Mots, a loosen-
ing]. The breaking up of the fetal skull in crani-
ot< imy.

Basilyst (bas'-il-ist) [fi&ots, abase; "Kvots, a loosen
ing]. An instrument for use in craniotomy, de-igned

BASIN

I!).".

HATII

to perforate the cranial vault and break up the base of

the skull.
Basin (ba'-sin) [ME. , basin], i. The third ventricle

of the brain. 2. The pelvis. B.-Trap. A trap or

seat in the outlet of the basin of a water-closet, pla

there to prevent the entrance into the apartment ol

noxious and offensive vapors and gases.
Basinasal (bas-e-naf-sal ) [basis, base ; nasus, the nose].

Relating to the basion and the nasion.
Basinerved (bas,-in-ervd) [basis, a base; net

nerve]. In biology, applied to a leaf having all the

veins or nerves springing from the base.
Rasi-OCCipital (bas-e-oi-sip'-it-al) [ inrr/g, base; occiput,

the back of the head]. A bone, separate in many

of the lower vertebrate animals, forming the central

axis of the skull. In adult human life, it is the basilar

process of the occipital bone.
Basiocestrum (bas-e-o-ses/-trum) [(Jaaig , base ; kcctt

a point]. A perforator for use in opening the fetal

head in craniotomy.
Basio-glossus (bas-e-o-glos1 -us) [fidotg , base ; yXuaaa,

the tongue]. That part of the hyoglossus muscle that

is attached to the base of the hyoid hone.
Basion (ba/-se-on) [ laoig, base]. In biology, a point

of measurement in craniometry, located at the middle

of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. See

Craniomt trie Points.
Basiophthalmite (bas-e-off-thal' '-m.it) [fiaaic, a base ;

b< Sakfidg, eye]. In biology, the basal joint of the eye-
stalk in a stalk-eyed crustacean.
Bajiotic (bas-e-of f-ik) [fiaoig, base ; ore, ear]. Relat-
ing to the base of the ear.
Basiotribe (bos' -e-o-trib) [/Jdatc , base ; rpifSeiv, to grind

or crush]. An instrument used in craniotomy for per-

forating or crushing the fetal head.
Basiotripsy (bas-e-ot' -rip-se) [(Jaaig, base ; rpiSEiv, to

grind or crush]. The operation of crushing the fetal

head.
Basipetal (bas-ip/-it-al) [basis, abase; petere, to seek].

In biology, applied to growth in plants from the apex

toward the base.
Basipodite (bas-ip'-o-d'it) [0acig, base; irovg (-■

foot]. The basal joint of an arthropod limb, or the

joint between the first and third.
Basipterygial (bas-ip-ter-if '-e-al) [(laoig, a base ;

KTepb) wv, a little wing, a fin]. At the base of the fin.
Basipterygoid (bas-ip-ter'-ig-oid i [ iuatc, base ; Trrepv-

yiov, a little wing]. Relating to the base of the ali-

sphenoid bone.
Basirostral (bas-e-ros'-tral) [basis, abase; rostrum, a

beak]. In biology, having to do with the base of a

bird's beak.
Basirrhinal (bas-ir-V-nal) [.jaatc, base; pig, nose].

Relating to the base of the brain and to the nose.

Applied to a cerebral fissure located at the base of the

olfactory lobe.
Basis [/'/-sis) [.laoig, base]. Base, 17.7'. The Latin

form is used to designate the lower or fundamental

part of any organ, as B. cerebri, />'. cordce, etc.
Basiscopic (bas-is-kop' -ic) [3dmg, base ; OKOTrelv, to

see]. Looking toward or on the side of the base.
Basi-sphenoid (bas-e-sfe'-noiit ) [/3&Oig, base; a

wedge ; eldog, form]. The lower part of the sphenoid

bone.
Basisylvian (bas-e-sil' '-ve-an) [basis, base; Sylvius, an

anatomist]. Applied by Wilder to the transverse

basilar portion or stem of the Sylvian fissure. See

Fissure, Tabic (and Diagram).
Basitemporal (bas-e-tem' '-po-ral) [basis, hase; tempora,

the temples]. Relating to the base or lower part ot the

temporal bone.
Basivertebral [bas-e-ver' '-te-bral) [basis, base; verte-

bra, a joint]. Relating to the basis or centrum of a
vertebra.

Basophile (ba ' o-fil). See Basophilous.

Basophilic ybu> -o-ji/'-ic) [p&aig, ba , to love].

Combining readily with i -tamable by means of

ba ii ■ ■ .

Basophiious (bas-offf-il-u . [ffaaig, basi ; .. to

love]. Stained by basic rather than by acid d
plied to certain cells and tissue-elemeir

Bassalia le-ah) [idic, deep; &A.ia,

an assemblage]. In biology, a deep-sea realm distin-
guished by a characteristic fauna.

Bass-deafness (bas-def -nes) [OF., basse, low; ME.,
defen\. I leafness to certain bass-notes, the perception
of the higher notes being retained.

Bassia i . in Italian botanist]. A

nus oi I.. Indian and African sapotaceous trees.
The mahua, B. /at//, ia, is 1 ultivated in India for it-
edible flowi h afford on distillation an alcoholic
drink. />'. longifolia and B. butyracea afford a sort
of vegetable butter. The bark and leaves of these
three species are used in rheumatism. Unof.

Bassini's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bassora Gum (bas'-o-rah-gutri). An inferior gum,
much used in adulterating tragacanth.

Bassorin (bas/-o-rin) [Bassora, an Asiatic city],
C6H10< >5, or 2C6H10< »,. A tasteless, odorless vegeta-
ble mucilage, insoluble in cold water, but rendered
soluble by alkalie- ; it is found in gum tragacanth
Bassora) and in cherry and plum gums. See Carbohy-
drates, Table of.

Bast (bast) [AS. , bast, a lime-tree]. The inner bark
of exogenous plants. The fibrous parts of the bark
are used in making cordage, and have a limited use in
surgery.

Bastard (bas'-tard) [bastardus, a bastard]. 1. Ille-
gitimate. 2. In biology, having the appearance of
being genuine.

Bastards (basr-tardz) [bastardus, a bastard]. The
name given to an impure sugar procured by concen-
trating molasses and allowing it to crystallize slowly
in moulds.

Bastelaer's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Bastose (bas'-tos) [AS. , bast, a lime-tree]. A com
bination of cellulose and lignin. comprising a complete
bundle of fibers, as in jute, or merely a covering upon
the unaltered cellulose.

Basyl (ba'-sil) [jiaotg, base ; . principle]. The

electro-positive constituent of any compound.

Bat [bat \ [ME., ball. An instrument of great delicacy
employed by Dr. Marshall Hall for the detection of
minute air-currents issuing from the lungs of those
apparenthj dead.

Bateman's Drops. The tinctura pectoralis, N. F. ; a
weak tincture of opium, camphor, and catechu ; a
popular remedy in coughs.

Bates's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bath (bath) [AS., bath, a bath]. A bathing place or
room. The medium in which the body is wholly or
partly immersed. As therapeutic agents, baths are
classified according as water, vapor, air, etc. . is used ;
according to the temperature, as hot, temperate, cold.
etc. : according to the end desired, as nutritional,
medicinal, stimulant, etc. Special forms of bath are the
moor., peat, mud-slime, pine-leaf, herb (hay, gentian,
camomile, juniper, marjoram, etc.), brine, sand, tan,
bran, malt. glue, soup, milk. whey, blood, wine,
guano, starch, soap. acid, iron, sulphur, carbonic acid,
compressed air. mustard, electric, etc. B.. Acid, add
I ', ounces of nitric acid and I to 3 ounces of HC1 to
gallons of warm water in a wooden or earthenware
\ --el. and immerse the patient in this for about 10 to

BATH

L96

r.ATii

20 minutes For a foot-bath, add 'z ounce of nitric
acid an>l 1 ounce of HC1 to 4 gallons of warm water.
This is said to be useful in cases of dyspepsia with
sluggish liver and constipation. B., Air, a bath in
which but little water is employed, the body being
Iv to the air It i- employed in those

- in which there 1- a tendency to catch cold from
undue facility to perspire. B., Alcohol, one in dilute

hoi, used i" reduce temperature in fever. B.,

Alkaline, add > ounces ol potassium carbonate,

,,r rbonate, to 25 or }> gallons of

hot water. It i- used in chronic squamous skin

-. chronic rheumatism, and lithemia. It

ild be taken in a wooden, earthenware, or

in. lied bath. B., Arsenical, bath.- at a tem-
from 900 to 070 F., containing a small
quantity <>!' arsenic. They arc used onally in

the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. B., Blanket,
a method employed in chronic nephritis i>> stimulate
the diaphoretic action of the skin. The patient is
placed in bed and closely wrapped in blankets, a hut
iltice being applied at the same time to the loins,
and renewed a- often a- it becomes cool. B., Blood,

consisting of the blood of an animal, freshly shed.
B., Bog, a bath formed by mixing bog-earth (gener-
al :d by the decomposition of plant- in tin- presence of
water and found at iron and sulphur springs) with
warm water to form a pulpy or mushy consistence.
This as a mud bath. B., Borax, borax, 4

ounces; glycerin, three ounces; water, thirty gal-
lon-, h i- used in the same class of cases a- the bran
bath. B., Bran, boil one pound of bran in one gal-
lon of water, strain, and add thirty gallons of water.
This 1- a soothing and emollient bath, and i- of service
in squamous and irritable conditions of the skin. B.,
Brand ; Cold bath. The tub is Idled with water of
The patient is given a stimulant of one half
to two ounces of brandy, the face and chest are
laved witli ice-water, and then he is gently placed
in the water. The attendant- -hould gently pass the
flattened outstretched hand- over successive parts of
the body to dilate the superficial cutaneous vessels.
Remove the patient as soon as the teeth begin to
chatter, or if cyanosis of the lips or face appears.
Usually the bath -hould be continued fifteen minutes.
Then the patient is laid wet on a sheet and quickly
wrapped from head to foot, then dried in live minutes
and hot water applied to the feet. See Treatment,
Met B., Chemical, in chemistry, an appara-

tus for regulating the temperature of chemical pro-
cesses by surrounding the substance with water, sand,
oil, or mercury, through which the heat i- communi-

1. B., Cold. See B., Brand. B., Corrosive-
sublimate, made by adding mercuric chlorid
three drams, and IK'l one dram, to 30 gallons

vater. It i- -ometimes of service in secondary

riilis and in certain skin-diseases. B., Creasote,
composed of creasote three drams, glycerin four
outi water 30 gallon-. It i- used in squamous

skin diseasi - B., Electro-therapeutic, a bath fur-
nished with suitable elect •■ d used in theappli
tion of electricity for curative purposes. B., Foot,
a bath for tl mly. This i- used as a derivative
agent in cases of cold, etc. B., Full, this cons
of a tub about two-third- full of water, the duration
and temperature beinj I to the purpose in view.
The patient's body may ]>•■ entirely covered by wal
so that his chin just (dear- it. B., Gelatin, dissolve
one pound of common glue in hot water, and add lie
solution to the plain bath, or to the bran bath, and
use in the same cl as the latter B.,
Graduated Full, a modification of the brand bath.

1 he tub 1- idled with sufficient warm water to cover

two thud- of the recumbent body. The patient is

then laid in and the temperature gradually lowered by

the addition of cold oi ice water, while warm water is

being removed. Friction is practised, as in the Brand

lath. This bath lasts half an hour, and the water
-hould be reduced to 68 a- rapidly a- possible, B.,
Half, the patient is seated in a tub containing eight
or ten inches oi water ol a temperature suited to the

ea-e. A wet towel is tied around the head, and the
bath water i- poured and dashed Over the back, head,

and shoulders with the attendant's right hand, while
friction i- practised with the left, and the patient does

the same on the an' rtion oi the body. The

temperature of the water may be lowered if a mi

decided impression i- desired. The bath i- continued
for from five to twenty minutes with active friction.
It is indicated in all fevers involving a depressed ner-
vous system, as shown by ataxia, deli rum, or coma. B.,
Herb, made by using the extract oi pine needle-, or
of some aromatic herbs. The bath i- used as a tonic.
B., Hip. See />'. , Site. B., Hot, the temperature
from 1040 to no0 F. It acts upon the -kin,
producing free perspiration, and accelerates the pulse
and respiration. B., Hot-air; Turkish bath; the
patient i- placed in a box (French method), hi- head
being outside, and the box is filled with hot air furnished
be a lamp. In the- ordinary l'urki.-h bath tin- patient i-
compelled to inhale the air within a closed compart-
ment. Hot air baths can be borne of a much higher
temperature than vapor baths. They provoke more
profuse sweating, and raise the temperature of the
body to a great<r 1 -.tent. They are useful as a
diaphoretic, and in catarrhal, neuralgic, and rheumatic
conditions. They are contraindicated, as is also the
vapor bath, in fatty degeneration of the heart. B.,
Iron, half an ounce oT sulphate of iron to four
gallons ol water. Use in an earthenware or wooden
vessel. This is valuable for strumous or rachitic
children. B., Medicated, a bath in which medicinal
substances, as mineral -alt. sulphur, etc., are dis-
solved or held in suspension. B., Mercurial, for
the treatment of syphilis. Calomel, 20 to 60 grain-.
or a mixture of 15 grains of calomel and 20 grains
of cinnabar are fused over a water bath. The
patient i- -tripped and enveloped in one or more
blankets, or a mackintosh or India rubber blanket
lined with flannel. The lamp and mercury are placed
under his chair, and the former lighted. In a few
minutes perspiration i- induced and the sublimed
calomel is deposited upon the body. Twentyto thirty
minutes are sufficient for a bath, after which the patient
i- allowed to cool ofl slowly, This is best taken before
retiring. B., Milk, a bath in milk, for nutritive pur-
poses. B., Moor, a bath in water mixed with the earth
of moors. B., Mud, a bath prepared by mixing well-
I earth-, containing more or less mineral
matter, with water containing the same substano
d he body is surrounded with this mixture at various
temperatures from 9 »° to too0. The path nl 1- then
rinsed with warm water. This is of value in some Utei
ine diseasi 5, and in obstinate rheumatism. B., Mus-
tard, made bj em losing two to four ounces of ordinary
mustard in a piece of muslin or thin linen and hang
ingit in about four gallons of hot water until the latter
becomes yellow. It i- u-ci\ a- a general bath for
infant- in collapse, convulsions, or severe bronchitis,
the child being left in until the -kin becomes distinctly
reddened. It i- also used as a fool or -it/ bath in
norrhea. B., Pack, or Sheet, one in which the
body is wrapped in cloths. B., Permanent. Sei
/>'.. Warm. B., Pine, prepared by adding a decoction

BA I II

1!)?

BATRA< II' 'I'llolilA

of pine-needles, or some pine extract, to hoi water. It
is mildly stimulating, and i- employed in hj steria, gout,
and rheumatism. B., Rain, consists of from four to
six three fourths circles of pipes set ured I it a

distance of two to three inches I pi]

lines of fine perforations, from which the stream
under pressure, striking the bod) oi the patient at all
points with considerable force. I In- ma) be used as
a substitute for the dripping sheet. B., Russian,
one in which the air of the room is saturated with
• 11 by throwing water upon heated mineral or
metallic substances, after whicb the bather is rubbed
down, finishing with a cold douche. See />'., Vapor.
B., Sand, the body of the patient is surrounded in a
tub with a layer of dry, warm sand that has i
naturally or artificially heated, the temperature ranging
from 950 to 1200. The duration of the bath i- from
one to one and a half hours. The head is wrapped in
a wet towel and permitted to lie outside <>i the sand.
The after treatment is the same as that after a hot air
bath. This is of value as an emollient procedure. In
chemistry, the immersion of a crucible, etc., containing
a chemic compound in a vessel containing fine sand, the
latter being heated gradually to a high temperature.
B., Sea-water, more stimulating and tonic in its
effects than fresh water. It may be given cold,
tepid, or hot. It may be made away from the sea-
shore by dissolving bay-salt or rock-salt in fresh
water, four to nine pounds of salt to 30 gallons
of water. It is useful in convalescence, chlorosis,
and strumous diseases. B., Sheet, the application
of cold water to the body through the medium of
a sheet or towel of fine or coarse texture, placed upon
the skin. The patient is wrapped in a linen sheet,
wrung not quite dry out of water at a temperature of
from 6d° to 700. A rubber cloth and a blanket are
spread over the bed to protect it. As the sheet dries
small quantities of water are poured with one hand
from a vessel or sponge upon a limited part of the body,
beginning with the chest. With the other extended
hand rapid passes are made over this spot until it
becomes a little warmer. Successive parts ot the body
are thus treated except the forearm-, hands, feet, and
legs. The patient is then dried and made comfortable.
This is applicable in all febrile affections with high tem-
peratures, except in chest or abdominal diseases.
B., Shower, a familiar form of the douche. The water
is delivered from a nozzle with numerous perforation--,
that may be attached to a hose, striking the body in
a divided stream. B., Sitz, the patient sits in the tub
with the feet outside upon a raised surface and blanket,
so that the popliteal spaces are not encroached upon
by the edge of the tub. The water should reach the
umbilicus. It is useful in obstinate diarrhea, menor-
rhagia, subinvolution of the uterus, and pelvic inflam-
mations. B., Slime, a bath in water mixed with the
slimy deposit of organic matter found in rivers or
ponds. B., Sponge, one in which the patient'- body is
rubbed with a sponge and water. It i- used to reduce
temperature. B., Starch, starch, one pound ;
water. 30 gallons. This is used as the bran
bath. B., Sulphur, potassium sulphid four to eight
ounces in 30 gallons of water ; a little sulphuric
arid may lie added. It is used in certain skin
diseases, -rabies, lead colic, and lead palsy. B..
Sulphurous-acid, a means of applying the fumes "t
burning sulphur to the body. The patient is seated on
a cane-bottomed chair, and a blanket or oil-cloth is
thrown round him, the head remaining uncovered.
< in the floor beneath the chair i- a pan containing a
little water, and in this is placed a -mailer vessel con-
taining small pieces of sulphur. A little spirit ot

wine is poured over tin-, and ignited, and sulphurous-
acid gas is evolved. B., Sun, the therapeutic 1

ol the naked body to the sun's ray -. B., Surprise, an
ancient and obsolete form of bath for insane and
hysterica] patients, who were ui tedly plui

into cold water. B., Tepid, the temperature ol the
water ranges from 850 to 95° F. It acts mainly upon
the skin .1- .1 sedative, cleansing, and detergent agent;
the pulse, res] iration, ex< retii tion, and ten

ature are practically unaffected, B., Turkish, one in
which the bather i- placed suc< - in room- ol

higher temperature, then shampooed or nibbed, and
finally stimulated by a douche oi < old wati
Bath, Hot-air. B., Vapor ; Russian bath; tin- may
be given, a- the Turkish bath, in a box. by permitting
steam from a pipe to permeate it. providing
escape, or the patient may inhale the vapor within
a closed compartment, the whole surface being at the
same time exposed to its influence. A higher temper-
ature can be borne than in the hot-water bath, though
for a shorter time. It i- useful to provoke- profi
spiration. It should be- followed by brisk fricti
B., Warm, the tub is tilled with water at any temper-
ature near that of the body, say 900 to 1040. The
patient lies quietly in it, and obtains the effei t
of warmth, moisture, and water-pressure. It \~.
used to calm the nervous system, produce sleep,
and allay reflex instability. The continuous :.<7rw
bath, called by Hebra the permanent bath, is made
by suspending a sheet in the tub as a ham-
mock. The patient lies upon this surrounded by
water that is kept at an equable temperature (warm)
by a proper arrangement of in-and-out-flow It i-
used in the treatment of extensive burn- and wound-.
B., Water, a bath of water. It may be cold | 6o°-; ;
or tepid (85°-95°), or hot. In chemistry, a bath 1 t
water for immersing vessels containing substances that
must not be heated above the boiling-point of water.
See />'.. Mud ; B.,Sand; /<'.. Sun.

Bathmic (bath'-mik) \_t3a6fi6q, a threshold]. Relating
to bathmism.

Bathmis [bath' -mis). See Bathmos.

Bathmism (bath'-mizm) [/$ad/i6g, a threshold]. That
supposed modification of chemical force which is
active in the processes of nutrition.

Bathmos [bath'-mos) [lattuoc, SaOftlg, a little fossa].
A shallow depression or fosset.

Bathwort (bath' '-wert) [Corruption of birth~a<oii\. The
plant Trillium erectum : also 7'. pendulum : esteemed
in domestic practice as deobstruent. L'nof.

Bathybius {bath-ib' -e-us | life]. A

name applied by Huxley to a >ticky form of deep-sea
ooze, formerly supposed by him to be a widely-extend-
ing sheet of living, primitive protopla-m.

Bathycentesis [bath-e-sen-te* '-sis) [ lath < . deep ;

- , puncture]. .V deep surgical puncture; deep
acupuncture.

Bathystixis {bath-e-stiks' -is) [/3a0ic, deep; <n
puncture]. Deep acupuncture

Batiator See Vernonia nigritiana.

Batoir {bah-ti.var') [Fr., beater]. See

Batophobia {bat •' heighl

fear]. I. Acrophobia ; dread of being great

height. 2. Dread of high object-: fear of passing
near a high building, or of going through a deep

vail
Batrachoid (baf-rak-oid) [ " \ a frog; eMoc,

form]. Frog-like.
Batrachophagous (bat-rak ">:, a

frog : v, to eat]. In biology, frog-eating.

Batrachophobia (bat-rak-o-fo' -be rpa roc, a frog;

. fear]. Morbid dread of toad- and frogs.

BATRACH( »PLAS1 Y

1 si-

BATTERY

Batrachoplasty [bat* -rak-o-pla <[ , a frog;

ranula ; rr\dooetv,lo mold]. Plastic surgical o]
don for the cure >>l ranula.
Batrachostomous i <at-rak-os' '-to-mu . a

frog . mouth] . In biology, frog-mouthed.

Batrachus | Ranula.

Battalism

Battarism ir-ism)[ ,a stuttering]. Stut-

tering or stammi i
Battery ating ; batti rj ]. A

• apparatus ana'
produce increased or multiple effect, as battery
. prisms, lenses, galvanic cells. I sually
plied to a series >>f cells producing electricity (vol-
taic or galvanic battery); also, frequently to a single
cell. . B., Primary, the combination of a number of
primarj > as to form a single battery. B., Sec-

ondary, the combination of a number ol storage cells
t" form a single electric source. The following
table shows the materials used in the more important
batteries, and the electro-motive force (E. M. F.) in
ts. Storage or secondary batteries are not included
in the table. The common form of these i.-> a series
of lead plates carrying ina~>es of lead oxid.

Grenet Cell for Therapeutic Apparatus.

NAMES,

ELEMENTS, FLUIDS, ETC., OF THE PRINCIPAL BATTERIES.

N ime of Cell.

rivE Ele-

MEN1 .

Xkgative Element.

Exciting Agent.

Depolarizing A.

E. M. F. in
\ "i-TS.

Bun>

Zinc.

Carbon.

Sulphuric acid, dilute.

Nitric acid.

1.75 to 1.96

Beetz.

Zinc.

Copper.

Zinc sulphate in plaster
of Paris.

Copper sulphate, in plas-
ter of Paris.

1.04

Callaud.

Zinc.

Copper.

Solution of zinc sul-
phate.

Cupric sulphate.

1.0 to 1 14

Daniel.

Zinc.

Copper.

Zinc sulphate.

Cupric sulphate.

1. to 1. 14

Edison-Lalande.

Zinc.
Zinc.
aud.

Cupric oxid and car-
bon.

Potassium hydroxid.

Cupric oxid.

075

.

Carbon.

Zinc chlorid.

Potassium dichromate
and hydrochloric ai id

i-5

ity. See Call

Gaiffe.

Zinc.

Silver.

Zinc chlorid.

Silver chlorid.

1.02

net.

Zinc.

Carbon.

Sulphuric acid and po-
tassium dichromate.

Chromic acid.

2.0

Grove.

Zinc.

Platinum.

Sulphuric acid, dilute.

Nitric acid.

1.94 to 1.97

Latimer Clark.

Zinc.

ary.

M> K uric sulphate.

Mercuric sulphate.

1.436

Leclanche.

Zinc.

Carbon.

Ammonium chloi id.

Manganese dioxid.

1.42

Lelande

Chaperone

Zinc.

Copper or iron. Potassium hydroxid.

Cupric oxid.

0.98

Maische.

Zinc scraps in
abatli of mer-
cury.

Platinized carbon.

Common salt solution.

None separate.

1-25

■ Davy.

Zinc.

Carbon.

Sulphuric acid, dilute.

M( i' uric sulphate.

152

Maynooth.

Iron.
Carbon.

Sulphuric a< id, dilute.

Nitric acid fstri

Niaudet.

Zinc.

Common salt solution

Chlorated lime.

Poggendorf.

Zinc.

Carbon.

Potassium dichromate

and sulphuric acid.

Chromii a

1.98

Schanschieff.

Zinc

Carbon.

M< •-■ urial solution.

None separate.

Si rivanoff.

Zinc.

Silver.

ssium hydroxid.

Silver chlorid.

1-5

Smee.

Zinc.

Platinized silver.

Sulphuric acid, dilute.

None.

0.5 to 1.0

Walker

Zinc.

Platinized carbon.

Sulphuric acid, dilute.

None

0.66

Warren de la Rue.

Zinc.

Silver.

Ammonium < hlorid.

Silver chlorid.

1.05

IJATTKVS nl'KKA I ION

199

BEBEERU BARK

Battey's Operation. Sec Operations, Table of .

Battledore (patf-l-dbr) [ME. , batyldore\ An instru-
ment shaped like a racket. B. Hands. See A
megaly, B. Placenta, one in whi< h there is a d
ginal insertion of the cord.

Battology {bat-ol' -o-je) [ • i repetition].

The idle or meaningless repetition of words.

Baudelocque's Diameter. In obstetric 5, the external
conjugate diameter of the pelvis. B. Method.
'/>■ atment, Methods of.

Bauden's Apparatus. See Set/tin's Apparatus. B.
Law. See I.a-<o. B. Operations. See Operations,
Table of.

Bauer's Apparatus, an apparatus for extending the leg
in hip-disease. I he extension may be varied by means
of a rack-and-pinion arrangement.

Bauhin, Valve of. The ileocecal valve.

Bauhin's Glands. See Gland.

Baum's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Baunscheidt's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Baunscheidtism U>awnf-shit-izni). [Named from
Baunscheidt, the inventor]. A mode of treating rheu-
matism or other chronic neuralgias by counter-irrita-
tion, the latter being produced by pricking the exterior
of the part affected with fine needles dipped in oil of
mustard, formic acid or other irritant.

Bavarian [bav-a' -re-an) \_Bavaria~\. Pertainingto Ba-
varia. B. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B.
Splint, a variety of immovable dressing in which
the plaster is applied between two flannel cloths.

Bay-berry [ba'-ber-e) [ME., bay; bery\. i. The
berry of the Lauras nobilis, bay, or noble laurel. 2.
The wax-myrtle, Myrica cerifera, and its fruit. See
Myrica. 3. The pimento, or allspice. B. Rum and
B., Oil of. See Myrcia. B. Tree, the Laurus
nobilis; also Prunus laurocerasus ; commonly called
the laurel and the cherry laurel. B. Aqua Lauro-
cerasi. See Acid Hydrocyanic, Dilute.

Baycuru (bi-koo'-roo) [native S. A.]. The root of a S.
American plant, Statice braziliensis, one of the most
powerful astringents known. It is used for ulcers of
the mouth and for glandular enlargements. Dose of
the fld. ext., nvv-xxx. Unof.

Bayer's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Baynton's Bandage. See Ban,:

Bazin (ba'-zin). Synonym of Molluscum contagiosum.

Bazin's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.

Bdella (del' -ah) [/3<5t/./a, a leech]. A leech. See
Hirudo.

Bdellatcmy [del-af '-o-me). See Bdellotomy.

Bdellium (del'-e-um) [Heb., b'dolach']. A resinous
gum exuding from various species of balsamodendron.
B., Indian, somewhat valuable as an emmenagogue.

Bdellometer {del-om* -et-er) [vSi/'/a. a leech ; u>r/>ov,a.
measure]. A mechanical substitute tor the leech,
consisting of cupping glass, scarificator, and exhaust-
ing syringe.

Bdellotomy [del-of -o-me) [ We/la, a leech; toui,. a
cut]. The opening with the knife of the body of
a leech that is drawing blood; by this means the
activity of the leech may be considerably prolonged.

Bdelygmia (del-tg'-me-ah) [fidefaryfiia, disgust]. Ab-
normal disgust for food. That which is abhorrent or
repulsive.

Beaded Hair. Synonym of Monilethrix.

Beads, Rhachitic. " Khachitic rosary; " the so-called
"beading of the ribs" in rickets; a succession of
visible and palpable swellings at the points where the
ribs join their cartilages.

Beak [bek) [ME., beeke~\. I. The mandibular portion of
a forceps. 2. The lower end of the calamus scrip-
torius. 3. The pad or splenium of the callosum. 4.

In biology, the rostrum, snout, or some corres] onding

part ol an animal. '1 he apex of a bivalve, or the

(annular lips of a univalve shell.

Beaker (be'-ker) [ME. , biker]. A wide-mouthed glass

• 1 much used in chemic laboratories. B. Ce^s.

( ell.

Beale's Cold-flowing Fluids. For injecting tissues.

Blue: Dissolve 0.777 (iln- of potassium fer-

yanid in 30 c. c. of glycerin; mix 3.6 c. c. of

tinct. ferri chlor. with 30 c. c. of glycerin ; add the iron

mixture, drop by drop, to the potassium ferrocyanid

solution. Then add to this mixture 5.5 c. c. of

methylic alcohol, 30 c. c. of alcohol, and 88 c. c. of

water, shaking strongly, (b) Acid Glycerin Fluid:

Dissolve 0.194 gm. oi potassium ferrocyanid in 30

c. c. of strong glycerin; to 30 c. c. of strong glycerin

add 10 drops of tincture ferri chlor. Add the latter,

drop by drop, to the former, with constant shaking.

Then add 30 c. c. of water, to which 3 drops of Il< 1

have been added. This fluid flows well and does not

ide from the capillaries, (c) Carmin: Mix 1 gm.

of pulverized carmin with a little water and sufficient

ammonia to dissolve the carmin; add 50 c. c of gly-

ii and shake well. Then add gradually, witli
stant shaking, 100 c. c. of glycerin, acidulated with 25
to 30 drops of 1 1 CI or acetic acid. Test the fluid with
litmus paper, and if not decidedly acid add a few more
drops of acid. Then add 25 c. c. of alcohol and 75
c. c. of water. See Stains, liable of. B. Solution,
for staining histologic preparations. It consists of
carmin, 1 gm. ; ammonia, 3 c. c. ; glycerin, 96 c. c;
distilled water, 96 c. c ; alcohol, 95 per cent., 24
c. c. Dissolve the carmin in the ammonia with
the aid of heat, boil for a few moments, and allow to
cool. After the odor of ammonia has disappeared add
the glycerin, water, and alcohol, and filter. If, after
standing for some time, the carmin precipitates, add a
few more drops of ammonia.

Bean (/«•>/)' [ME., bene]. The seeds of several plants,
mostly Leguminosce, especially that of the common
bean, Faba vulgaris. In biology, the rounded, white,
fleshy, saccular termination of the ductus ejaculatorius
in the drone bee. B. of St. Ignatius. See Ignatia.
See also Tonka, Vanilla, Castor oil, etc.

Bearberry (bdr'-ber-e). See Uvaursi.

Beard [bird) [ME., berde]. The hair on the lips,
cheeks and chin of adult men. ( )n women, a heard is
of rare occurrence, and is sometimes accompanied by
other characteristics proper to the male sex.

Bearing-down. The feeling of weight or pressure in
the pelvis in certain diseases. B.-d. Pains, uterine
pains in labor. Bearing-seat, a variety of the
. tpron of Succor, </. v.

Bear's-foot. Leaf cup. A composite-flowered plant,
'ymnia uvedalia of X. America. A popular remedy
for enlargement of the spleen, or the " a^ue-cake "
of malarious regions. B. Ext. Dose gr. ss— j. B.
Fid. Ext. Dose n\iij-x. B. Infus., 3J of an ~]
to < >j. Unof.

Beat (bit) [M E. . beten\. The pulsations of the blood in
the arteries, or the impulse of the heart. See Pulse.

Beaten Woman's Herb. The European plant, Tamus
communis ; so called from its vulnerary qualities. See
Tamus.

Beating (bitf-ing). See Tapotement.

Beaufils's Operation. See Operations. Table of.

Beauperthuy's Method. A method of treating leprosy
by bathing with olive oil, the internal administration
of mercuric chlorid, abstinence from salted meats,
and good hygiene.

Bebeenn (be-be/-rin). See Nectandra and Barine.

Bebeeru Bark [be-be^-ru). See Nectandra.

hi ■■■ > \r.ix<; \

-I M i

BEGUAN

Beccabunga [b ■ \ plant of Europe,

Veronica b. irmerlj much prized in medi-

cine. See Veron

Beccaria, Test of.

Beche-de-mer mlr) [Port., bicho- do-mar, sea-

worm]. [Tie smoked and dried bodies of Holothuria
argus,a sea slug; valued bythe< hinese as .1 culinary
delicacy, and an aphrodisiac. I uof.

Bechesthesis [ ' -• cough; diad^aig,

sation]. The sensation in the throat or air-passages
that prompts one to cough.

Bechic - , a cough]. A

remedy lor a cough ; an an ti bechic.

Bechorthopnea th-op-ne/ -ah) [ 1t/§, cough ;

. straight ; rrveeiv, to breathe]. Cough associated
with orthopnea. A synonym of Whooping-cough.

Bechous ..a cough]. Pertaining to or

affected with cough.

Bechterew's Nucleus. The accessory auditory nu-
cleus.

Becker's Test. A test for astigmatism, made by means
of a set of parallel lines in triplets placed in various
meridians.

Beckmann, Method of. A method for the determination
of the depression of the freezing-point. A hard glass
tube, from 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, with a lateral pro-
jection, is filled with from 15 to 20 grams of the solvent
(weighed out accurately in centigrams), and closed
with a cork in which are placed an accurate ther-
mometer and a stout platinum wire serving as a stirring-
rod. The lower part of the tube is attached by means
of a cork to a somewhat larger, wider tube, which
serves as an air-jacket. The entire apparatus projects
into a beaker-glass filled with a freezing-mixture. Cold
water will answer for glacial acetic acid and ice-water
for benzene. The congealing-point of the solvent is
determined by cooling this to from i° to 2° below its
freezing point ; then by agitation with the platinum
rod (after addition of platinum dippings} the forma-
tion of crystals is induced. The thermometer rises.
When the mercury becomes stationary, the reading in-
dicates the freezing-point of the solvent. The mass is
allowed tii melt and an accurately weighed amount of
substance i- introduced through the lateral projection.
When this has dissolved, the freezing-point is de-
termined a- before.

Beclard's Hernia. See Diseases, Table of . B. Opera-
tion. See Operations, Table of . B. Suture. See
Suture.

Becorthopnea [bek-orth-op-ne' -ah). See Bechorthop-
n a.

Becquerel's Pills. Pills containing quinin, extrad of
digitalis and colchicum seeds, tor use in gout.

Becuiba ' l>,:h) [native Brazilian name]. The

tree Myristica ficuhyba of Brazil. Its nuts afford a
" tallow," or balsam, useful in rheumatism and piles.
U\

Bed [bed) [ VS., hedd\ The couch or support on
which the bod) may rest in sleep); usually a man:
of straw, hair, or similar substance. B., Air, a mat
tress of rubber or leather that can be inflated with
air. B.-bug an apterous insect, Cimex lectularius,
that infests filthy bedsteads, and .11 times is parasitic
upon the human body. See Cimex. B.-case, a
form of hysteria or hypochondriasis in which the
tent, without cause, persistently remain- in bed.
B.-pan, a hallow vessel for receiving the

alvine discharges from bedridden patients. B.-rest,
an apparatus for propping up patients in bed. B.-
ridden, confined to bed. B.-sore, a sore produced
on any projecting pari of the body by prolonged |
sup ied, and by nutritive changes in

paralyzed parts. B., Water, a rubber mattress con-
taining water; it i- used to prevent the formation of
bed sores.

Bedegar, Bedeguar [bed* ( \r. . Pel twar,

a white thorn]. An insect made gall found on r<
bushes of various species. It is astringent, but is not
n< iw used in regular medicine.

Bedlam [bed'-lam) [ME., bedlem, a corruption of Beth-
lehem j. A mad hou-e.

Bedlamism [bed' -lam-izm) [see Bed/ami. Insanity.

Bedlamite [bed* -lam-it) [see Bedlam], A madman ;
an insane person.

Bednar's Aphthae. See Aphtha, and Diseases, Table of .

Bedouin Itch. A synonym of the vesicular variety of
Lichen tropicus.

Bee [be) [AS., bi\. A genus of insects belonging t"
the Hymenoptera, commonly used to designate the
i ominon I loney Bee, Apis mellifica [q. v.). B. -bread,
a preparation of pollen with which bees till certain
cells. (The propolis, or hive-resin, is also incorrectly
called bee-bread. ) B. -poison, the irritating secretion
discharged through the sting of the bee. See Formic
Acid.

Beech [beck). See Fagus.

Beech-drop [btch' '-drop). See Cancer Root.

Beef [bif) [ME., befe\ The flesh of domestic cattle.
Good beef should be of red color, possess firm texture,
and be free from unpleasant smell. Beef consists
mainly of water 73, fibrin 15, gelatin 4, albumen, 3,
fat and other substances 5 per cent. B. -extract,
the soluble fibrin of lean meat partly desiccated. B.-
measles. See Cyslicercus bovis. B.-tea, the soluble
extractive matter of beef, made by steeping finely-cut
lean beef with its weight of water, and straining.

Beer (ber). See- Malt Liquors. B. -vinegar. See
/ rinegar.

Beer's Cataract Knife. A knife with a triangular-shaped
blade, for making section of the cornea in the removal
of the crystalline lens. B. Operations. See Opera-
tions, Table of.

Beeswax [biz'-waks). Cera /Jura ; wax secreted by bees,
of which their cells are constructed; ordinarily it is a
mixture of cerotic acid, myricyl palmitic ester, hept
sane, hentriacontane, and several alcohols. The crude
melted wax is a tough, compact mass of yellow or
brownish color, granular structure, faint taste, and
honey-like odor. When bleached it becomes white.
Its specific gravity is .059 to .969; its melting-point
620 to 640 C. It is used in making candles, oint-
ments, ami pomades.

Beet [bit). See Beta.

Begbie's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.

Beggiatoa [bed-je-at-o' -ah) [after the Italian botanist,
J. Beggiato]. A genus of arthrosporous bacteria
founded by Trevisan (1833), consisting of swinging
or gliding, milk-white, gray, rosy to violet thread-..
They di e sulphur compounds, and store up

sulphur granules in their protoplasm. They are found
in stagnant, fresh, or salt water, particularly that con
taminated by sewage or factory waste. See Bacteria,
Synonymatic Tab/,

Begin's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Begma [begf-mah) \fifiyna, a cough: pi., Begmata\
\ cough ; tin- matt' torated by coughing.

Begonia [be 1 [after Begon, a French savant].

An extensive genus of flowering plants, mostly natives
ot warm regions. />'. octopetula and tomentosa, of
Peru, are astringent. />'. balmisiana, oi Mexico, and
various other species are locally prized as alteratives.
Unof.

Beguan | ' 'an) [native S. America]. A bezoar
obtained from nana, a large species of lizard.

BEHEN M I

201

BENZALDEHYD

Behen-Nut [be'-hen nut). The seed of Moringa
pterygosperma, and .11. aptera, tree oi tropical coun-
tries. They afford Oil of Behen, or OiloJ B ■;/.

Behenolic Acid [be-hen-ol'-ik). Sec Acid.

BeindorfTs Apparatus. A furnace for boiling water,
in use in pharmai i<

Bela [be'-Iah) [Hind.]. The dried, hall ripe fruit of
Aegle marmeios, or Bengal quince. It i- a valuable
remed\- for chronic diarrhea and dysentery. The ripe
fruit is slightly laxative. Dose 3-ss-j. B., Ext.
Liq. (B. P.). Dose 3J-ij. Unof.

Belching [belch'-ing) [M I'.., belehen]. 'Die expulsion
or throwing up of gas from the stomach. Eructation.

Belemnoid {pel cm'-uoid) [ii?.e/ivovt a dart]. I. Dart-
shaped; styloid. 2. The styloid process of the ulna
or of the temporal bone.

Belenoid [beP-en-od). See Belonoid.

Bell {pel) [ME, be/]. A hollow, metal sounding-
instrument. B. gastrula. See Archigastrula. B.
Metal, an alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and antimony.
B., Nerves of. The external and internal respiratory
nerves, etc. B. Sound, the sound produced in pneu-
mothorax by striking a coin, placed flat upon the
chest, by another coin. It can be heard through the
stethoscope placed over the affected side.

Bell's Disease. See Periencephalitis and Diseases,
Table of. B. Law. See Law. B. Mania. See
Periencephalitis and Diseases, 'Fable of. B. Oper-
ations. See Operations, Table of. B. Palsy or
Paralysis. See Diseases, Table of.

B-elladonna {bel-ah-dcmf-ah) [It., belladonna, beautiful
lady]. Deadly Night-shade. A perennial plant of
the order Solanacea, indigenous to Southern Europe
and Asia, and cultivated in the U. S. Its proper-
ties are due to two alkaloids, atropin and belladonnin,
the latter thought to be identical with hyoscyamin.
Both leaves and root are employed. It is a mild nar-
cotic and anodyne and a powerful mydriatic ; also an
antispasmodic, and in small doses a cardiac, respiratory
and spinal stimulant. It is valuable in the inflamma-
tion of rheumatism, in gout, and in neuralgia. Dose of
the root and leaves gr. j. B., Folia, the leaves of
belladonna. B., Radix, the root of belladonna. The
preparations of the leaves are : B., Extractum Alco-
holicum. Dose gr. -pj—E B., Tinct., 15 per cent.
1 lose rnj-xxx. B., Unguent., contains extract 10,
dilute alcohol 6, benzoated lard 84 parts. From the
root are prepared : B., Abstractum. Dose gr. y5— j.
Unof. B., Emplastrum, alcoholic ext. of leaves 20.
resin-plaster 40, soap-plaster, 40. B., Extractum
Fluidum. Dose TT\j-v. B., Linimentum, fluid
extract 95, camphor 5. B., Succus (B. I'.). Dose
rriv-xv. B., Japanese. See Scopolia. Atropin
sulphate, an excellent antidote in opium-poisoning.
Lamellae atropinae (B. P.), each containing of
atropin r,^s grain. Liq. atropinae sulphatis (B.
P.). Dose mj-yj. Unguentum atropinae (B.
P.), grs. viij to the ounce. See Atropin. Dose gr.
J<Jo~^V Homatropin. See Atropin.

Belladonnin [bel-ah-donr -in) [see Belladonna'], C']:II,..-
N< >r An alkaloid found in Belladonna. It resem-
bles atropin, hyoscyamin, and hyoscin. It occurs
with atropin, and is likewise decomposed into tropic
acid and oxytropin (C8H15N02). See Belladonna.

Belleric {bel-er'-ik) [Pers., ball la h]. A variety of
myrobalan {</. v.) • the fruit of Terminalia fellerica.

Bellini, Ducts of. See Ducts.

Bellocq's Canula. An instrument used in plugging
the nares.

Bellon (bcl'-on) [origin unknown]. Painter's (or lead)
colic. See Colic.

Bellows [bel'-oz) [ME., belowes\ An instrument for

propelling air through a tube or small orifice. B. and
Blow- Pipe, a circular bellows nine or ten inches in
diameter, with a -mall gum elastic tube, three or lour
feet in length, terminating in a tapering metallic tube,
to be attach- \,\nw pipe leading from it.

bellows i- worked by tin- loot, while with the blow-
pipe held iii the hand, a jel of flame from a lamp may
lie projected on the object designed to be heated. B.
Murmur, the Bruit-de souffle, q. v.; also the funic
or placental souffle.

Belly [bel'-e) [ME., My]. See Abdomen. B.-ache.
See Colic. B. -bound, vulgar lor constipated. B.-
button, the navel.

Belmas's Operation. See <[' >-,, linns, Table of

Beloid (be'-lcid) [ ''/or, an arrow], Arrow-shapi
styloid.

Belonephobia [bel-o-ne-fo* -be-ah) \ a pin ;

]. A morbid dread of pins and needb-

Belonoid {belf -on-oid) [,^/o/7/,a needle, bodkin].
loid ; needle-shaped.

Belt {belt) [ME., bell]. A girdle about the waist. B.,
Abdominal, a broad, elastic belt worn about the
abdomen as a support during pregnancy. B., Mag-
netic, a belt consisting of plates of metal fasti
upon a strip of felt moistened with dilute acid. It i^
a cure-all largely sold by empirii

Ben, or Benne Oil [ben, or bcu'-e). Oleum balatinum,
is obtained by expression from the seeds of the several
species oi Moringia. It is a colorless, odorless oil,
not readily turning rancid. It i- used by perfumers
for extracting odors, and for lubricating clocks and
light machinery. See Behen-nut and Sesame.

Bence Jones's Albumin. See Albumin.

Bendas's Method. See Stains, Table of.

Bending [bendf-ing] [ME., bend]. Active Swedish
movements in which the body is bent or inclined in
various directions in order to develop certain portion-
of the muscular system.

Benedictine [ben-e-dik' '-tin) \benedicere, to bless]. A
liquor or cordial originally prepared by Benedictine
monks, and distilled at Fecamp, in Erance. It much
resembles chartreuse and trappistine.

Benedikt, Syndrome of. Paralysis of the muscles sup-
plied by the oculo-motor nerves of one side and tremor
and paresis of the upper extremity of the other side.

Beng [beng). See Cannabis Indica.

Bengal [benf-gal) [Hind., Bengal"]. A province of
India. B. Quince. See Bela. B. Red. Same as
Rose Bengale.

Bengalin [benr -gal-in) [Hind., Bengal]. Same as
Coupler's Blue.

Benger's Food. Partially digested and solidihed beef-
tea, used as a food for invalid-.

Benham, Gland of. See Gland.

Benham's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Benign [be-ninf), or Benignant [be-uig'-nant) \benig-
nus, kind]. A term applied to medicines that
are characterized by mildness. It is used chiefly to
distinguish tumor- that are not malignant (a. v.) or
carcinomatous.

Benjamin, or Gum Benjamin {ben' -jam-in). See
/>' nzoin.

Bennett's Operation. See Operations, Table of

Benson's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bent's Operation. See Operations, Tabl

Benzal {ben'-zal). See Benzylidene. B. Green.
Same as Malachite Green.

Benzaldehyd [ben-zaV -de-hid) [benzoin: aldehyd],
C.H.O. Bitter-almond oil ; a compound that results
from the oxidation of benzyl alcohol : it is a colorless
liquid with a plea-ant odor, and boils at 1700: its
specific gravity is 1 .050 at 150. It is soluble in 30

1:1 \/Al I.. IXIN

21 »•-•

Bl \/\ 1.

parts water, and is miscible with alcohol and .ether.
It is used in making benzoic acid as well as various
pigments. B. Green. Same as Malai kite Green.

Benzaldoxin . I TH.,\' ' A thick oil

formed by the action of hydroxylamin upon benzal-
dehyd.

Benzamid \mid], (.11

A compound that results when benzoyl chlorid acts
upon alcoholic ammonia. It i- best obtained by
heating benzoic acid and ammonium thiocyanate to
i- i It crystallizes in pearly Leaflets, melts at
i |o°, and b 288° ; it is readily soluble in licit

water, alcohol, and ether. It may be regarded as the
amid of ben

Benzanilid anilin], C3HU-

V i Bi ■ soyl-anilid, prepared by the action of ben-
.1 chlorid on anilin. It is used as an antifebrile in
children, in i gr. iij-viij.

Benzene 'in], C6H6. A hydrocarbon

altar. It is formed by the dry dis-
tillation of all benzene acids. It is a mobile, ethereal-
smelling liquid, of .specific gravity 0.S99 at O0. It
out o°, melts at -+- 6°, and boils at 80. 50.
It burns with a luminous (lame. It readily dissolves
fats, sulphur, iodin, and phosphorus. It is
material from which anilin and the anilin colors
are derived. B.-sulphonic Acid, C,;I b. S< >.,! I , is
ared by boiling together equal parts of benzene
and H2S04. It occurs in small plates, readily soluble
in alcohol and water, and which deliquesce in the air.
In it- dry distillation the acid yields benzene phenyl-
sulphone, and when fused with caustic potash phenol
is produced.

Benzidin (benf-zid-in) [benzoin], C^H^N,. Diamido-

diphenyl : a compound obtained by the action of tin

and 1 1 C "1 upon the alcoholic solution of azo-benzene.

zidin dissolves easily in hot water and alcohol, and

crystallizes in silvery leaflets, melting at 122°.

Benzil b u'-zi! 1 [benzoin], C14H10O2. A compound
produced in the oxidation of benzoin with chlorin.
It crystallizes from ether in large, six-sided prisms,
melting at 900 and boiling at 3470.

Benzimid im-id) {benzoin; amid"], C.JI^N 1 I .

A compound formed by the action of hydrocyanic
acid on hydrid of benzoyl. It occurs also in the
resinous residue of the rectification of the oil of bitter
almond-.

Benzine //). See Benzinum.

Benzinum [ben-zif -num) [L. : gen., />' mini"], benzine,
Petroleum Ether. A purified distillate from Ameri-
can petroleum, having a specific gravity of .77 to .79,
boiling at 8o° to 900 C, colorless, of ethereal odor,
and a slightly peppermint-like taste. It is a valuable
solvent for oils, fats, resins, caoutchouc, and some
alkaloids. It is a vermicide against tapeworm. It
should be distinguished from Benzol, which is called
B " >•■ by English chemists. Dose gtt. v-x, on
it or in mucilage.

Benzoate i [b nzoin]. Any salt of benzoic

acid. B. of Naphthol. - i-naphthol.

Benzoated ■' ) [benzoin]. Impregnated

with benzoin or with benzoic acid.

Benzoic ]. Pertaining to or de

rived from benzoin. B. Acid. Sec Acid.

Benzoin , , ;M ]. \ resin

obtained fn native to Sumatra

and Siam. It is also a ketone alcohol, C,4H12< >.„ and
may be produced by oxidizing hydrobenzoin with con-
centrated IIN't ),. It is sparingly soluble in water, cold
alcohol, and ether, and crystallizes in shining prism-,
melting at 134°- It is used as a remedy for bronchitis
and in making court-plaster. It occurs in tears con-

sisting of several resin- agglutinated by a balsam. It
yields benzoic and cinnamic acids, is antiseptic and
disinfectant, and is used mainly as a stimulant ex]
toranl in chronic bronchitis. Sodium and potassium
compounds air sometimes used in place of like salicylic
acid compounds. Adeps benzoinatus, benzoinated
lard, contains 2 per cent, of benzoin. B., Tinct., 20

percent, of the resin in alcohol. I • Zss— j. B.,

Tinct. Comp., Friar's Balsam, benzoin 1 -\ aloes 2,
st\ rax 8, balsam of Tolu 4, alcohol, q. s. ad 1 00 pa in.
Dose Jjss-ij. Benzoic Acid, < 7 1 ',,' > .. alcohol the besl
solvent. A constituent of opii. tinct. campliorat.
Dose gr. x-xxv. Trochisci Acidi Benzoici (B. P.).
Unguentum Cetacei (B. P.). See Cetaceum. Ammo-
nium Benzoate, water the best solvent. I >• im- gr.
v— xxx. Bismuth A . an antiseptic dressing for

chancroid. Lithium Benzoate . D v— xxx. ■

urn Benzoate, water the best solvent. I >ose gr. v— 5jj.

Benzol [ben'-zol) [benzoin], C.'(;II(;. A hydrocarbon
formed by the dry distillation of organic substances,
but derived chietU from coal-tar. It is inflammable
and very volatile, and is an excellent .solvent for
grease. It is used internally to destroy epizoa. Its
vapor is used in whooping-cough. Dose gtt. v-x.
See, also, Stains, Table of. B. Balsam. See Stains,
Table of. B. Colors. See Conspectus of Pigments,
under Pigment.

Benzo-naphthol (ben-zo-naf'-thol) [benzoin; va<pda, a
kind of asphalt], < ',,,1 17< >(< 7I I ,' 'i. The benzoate of
beta-naphthol, used as an intestinal antiseptic in
typhoid fever and other intestinal diseases. 1 >ose gr.
ij to viij.

Benzonitrile {ben-zo-ni'-tril} [benzoin; nitrum, niter],
C.IbX. Cyanbenzene; a compound isomeric with
phenyl carbylamin. It is obtained from benzene sul-
phonic acid by distillation with potassium cyanid. It
is an oil with an odor resembling that of oil of bitter
almonds, and boils at I9I0; its specific gravity is
1.023 at o°.

Benzophenone (ben-zo-fe* '-non) [benzoin; (polviE, pur-
ple-red], C,:!II]nO. Diphenyl ketone; a compound ob-
tained by distilling calcium benzoate. It is dimorphous,
but generally crystallizes in large, rhombic prisms,
melting at 48-490, sometimes in rhombohedra, that melt
at 270. It has an aromatic odor and boils at 2950.

Benzophenoneid (ben-zo-fe-no' '-ne-id ) [bt nzoin ; <bo
purple-red]. Tetramethyl-diapsido-benzo-phenoid ; an
anilin dye. A solution of one part in 200 parts of
water has been pronounced a valuable bactericide,
neither caustic nor irritant, and very serviceable in
eye-diseases. Unof.

Benzopurpurin. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Benzoquinone {ben-zof-qwin-dn). See Quinone.

Benzosalicin [ben-zo-saV-is-vi), See Populin.

Benzosol (!>cn zo'-sol) [benzoin], Cj5HJ2Os. Benzoyl-
guaiacol, an agreeable and harmless substitute for
creasote in tuberculous affections. It also has antipy-
retic properties Dose gr. Lv— x.

Benzoyl [ben* -zo-il, or -zoil ) [benzoin], C.H80. I In-
radical of benzoic acid, of oil of bitter almond-.
of an extensive series oi compounds derived from this
oil, or connected with it by certain relations. B.-
ecgonin, C1BH18N04H, a substance intermediate in
composition between cocain and ecgonin. B.-Gly-
cocoll. See A, id, Hippuric. B.Green. Same as
Malachite Green, B.-Pseudo-tropein. See Tropa-
I in .

Benzyl (beir'-zil) [benzoin], < ,-H7- An organic ra-
dical that dor- not exist in the free state, but in com-
bination forms a considerable number of compounds.
B. Alcohol. See Alcohol. B. Violet. See Pigments,
Conspectus ■

hi \/\ I [DENE

■jo::

BE! II R0< n

Benzylidene [ben il'-id n) [benzoin], C7H6. A bi-
valent radical derived from benzoin compounds.

Beral's Apparatus. In pharmacy, an apparatus for
effecting lixiviatii >n.

Berard's Aneurysm. Sec Aneurysm and Diseases,
Table of. B.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Beraud, Ligament of. The ligament thai suspends the
pericardium. B., Valve of, a valve supposed t" i
at the bottom of the lachrymal sac over tin- entra
to the nasal duct.

Berberin [ber^-ber-in) \berberina : g //.. Berberina>],
C20H1TN< »,. An alkaloid found in the bark of Berb
ami in many other plants of exceedingly various
botanic character. It iN a tonic to the capillary
vessels and increases the blood-pressure. It is recom-
mended as a tonic and antiperiodic, and is an ingre-
dient of various lotion.-; lor the mucous membranes;
it is useful in nasal catarrh, etc. Dose gr. j-x. Unof.

Berberis {per1 -ber-is) [L.]. Barberry. The rool of
// rberis vulgaris, or common barberry. Its properties
are due to an alkaloid, berberin, C.,,,1 1 17X<.>4. Ii
an astringent, bitter tonic ; in large doses a cathartic.
It is used locally in conjunctivitis, and internally in
malarial and typhoid fevers. B., Ext. Fid. Dose Tip,
v— xxx. B., Tinct., contains 20 per cent, of the
root. Dose TTyx-^j. Berberin, the alkaloid. Dose
gr. j-x. B., Hydrochl., an efficient injection in
gonorrhea. All unof. B. asiatica, B. aquifolium
(or Oregon grape), and B. lycium are all medicinally
active, and have similar properties to those of the
common barberry.

Bergamii, Oleum {ber-ga' '-me-i o'-le-um). Oil of Ber-
gamot. See Bergamot.

Ber~amot, Oil of {per1 '-gam-ot) [Bergamo, a town in
Italy], C]0H]6. A volatile oil derived from the rind of
the Citrus bergamia. It is used mainly as a perfume,
and as a clearing-agent in histologic work.

Bergeron's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. B.
Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Bergkrankheit {barg,-kra{h)nk-hlt). See Mountain
Sickness.

Bergmann's (von) Operations. See Operations,
Table of

Beri-beri (ber'-e-ber'-,) [Singalese, beri , weakness].
A dropsical ailment, occurring in an acute and chronic
form, and characterized by the appearance of pleuritic
or pericardial effusions, "with general anasarca, anemia,
extreme weakness, and paraplegia. The acute form is
generally fatal ; recovery frequently takes place in the
chronic form. It is prevalent in India, Japan, and
Ceylon, and is most common among men. Its cause
is not known, but possibly it is of microbic origin.
Improper diet also has some influence upon the pro-
duction of the disease.

Berber System of Sewage. See Sewage, Disposal of

Berlin Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Berlin's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Berlinghieri's Operation. See Operations, 'Table of.

Bernard, Canal of. See Canals, Table of. B.'s Granu-
lar Layer, the inner zone of the cells lining the acini
of the pancreas. It is granular in appearance and
stains but slightly with carmin.

Bernay's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bernheim's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bernstein's Theory of Muscular Contraction. He
claims that the scat of the contraction is in the inter-
stitial material surrounding the system of inotagmata,
and that it consists in the migration of that labile
material from pole to equator, this being synchronous
with explosive chemic change, sudden disengagement
of heat, and change in the electric state of the living
substance.

Berried Tea < ' .A popular name for Gaul-

tbiiria procumbens.

Berry ' | [ME., bery\ An indehiscent fruit with a

pericarp thai 1- succulent throughout, as the grape and
seberry.

Bert's Experiment. Bert removed the skin from the tip
of the tail of ai ted it into the skin of the back

of the animal, and after union had taken place the tail
was divided at it.-, base. Sensation was preserved.
\. rve fibers were thus proved capable of transmitting
impulses in both directions. B's. Method. See . h
thetic.

Berthold's Method. See Myringo-plastic Method.

Bertillonage (ber-til-lon-a(A)J) \Bertillon, a French
criminologist J . A sys f carefully-recorded

measurement! and descriptions of criminals, for the
purpose of future identification, introduced into
France by M. Bertillon and adopted by the polio
many large cities.

Bertin, Bones of. The sphenoidal turbinated bones,
partly closing the sphenoidal sinuses. B., Column
of, a cortical column of the kidney ; the part separ-
ating the sides of any two pyramids. B., Ligament
of, the ilio-femoral ligament. See Ligament.

Bertrandi's Suture. See Suture.

Beryllium {ber-ilf -e-um) [,ii,iir/'/nr, beryl]. A bivalent
metal obtainable from the beryl, whence its name;
it is called also glucinum. See Elements, Table of.

Besnier's Lotion. A wash used in treating acne. It
consists of precipitated sulphur, \yz ounces; glycerin,
4 to 6 drams ; to which are added after mixing, spirits
of camphor, 6 drams, rose-water, a sufficient quantity.

Besoin (bez-wan(gY) [Fr.]. A desire ; an impulse.
/•' •■•'in tie respirer, the sense of the need of air ex-
perienced when respiration is impeded.

Bestiality {bes-che-al* -it-e) \bestia, a beast]. Unnatural
intercourse with an animal.

Bestiarian {bes-te-a' -re-an') \bestia, a beast]. An anti-
vivisectionist, contemptuously so called as being a
professed friend of the beasts.

Bestucheffs Mixture or Tincture. The ethereal tinc-
ture of chlorid of iron, used in erysipelas. It is made
as follows : R . Tinct. ferri ses oridi, 1 part;

spt. ether, nit., 4 parts. Mix and expose to the ray- of
the sun in well -closed bottles until the brownish color
disappears. The dose is one to two teaspoonfuls every
three hours.

Beta (beS-taA) [L.]. 1. The beet. SeeBetin. 2. The
second letter of the Greek alphabet, used in chemic
nomenclature. B. Angle. See Angle. B.-naphthol.
See Naphthol.

Betacism [baf -tas-izm) [beta, [H/ra, the second letter of
the Greek alphabet]. The too-frequent use of the b-
sound in speech, or the comer-ion of other sounds into
it.

Betaln (be-ta/-in) [beta, a. beet], C5HnN02, orClnII.,.,-
N204. Called also Oxyneurin and Lycin. A basic sub-
stance obtained by the careful oxidation of cholin.
It occurs already formed in the sugar-beet [Beta vul-
garis) and crystallizes from alcohol with one molecule
of water in shining crystals that deliquesce in the air ;
it has an alkaline reaction and a sweetish taste.

Betel {bef-tel) [E. Ind.]. A masticatory used in the
1 1st. A few grains of the nut of the 1 at. 1 hu palm,
Areca C, are rolled up with a small amount of quick-
lime in a leaf of Piper betel, and chewed. It i- tonic,
astringent, stimulant, and aphrodisiac, and increases
the powers of endurance. Dose of fid. ext. 3 j— iij-
Unof.

Beth Root {beth root). The rhizome of Trillium erecta,
astringent and tonic Dose of fid. ext. trixxx-gj.
Triliin, a concentrated ext. Dose gr. ij-iv. Unof.

BI 1 IN"

204

BIENNIAL

Betin [bet-tin) [beta, a beet]. A precipitate pre]
from .1 tincture of the common beet, h has been pro
posed a> a substitute for ergot. Unof.

Betol i . < ,„II7t ».('.ll ,' i.. Salinaphthol. Naph

thalol. A salicylic ether of naphthol, of alleged value
in rheumatism and cystitis. It resembles salicylic
acid in it- properties. Dose gr. x xv. Unof.

Betony . l corrupt form of vettonica~\ .

Any labiate plant of the genus B . especially />'.

I urope, formerly highly prized for its

medicinal virtues, which are. however, unimportant.

Unof.

Bettmann's Method. See Cataract, Artificial Matu-

Betula i ■-' u •.'• 5i e Birch.

Betulin [bef-u-lin) [belula, birch], ('.,.11,/' (Haus-
manm. birch resin, or birch camphor, derived from
the bark of the white birch.

Between-brain. The interbrain; also the midbrain.

Betz's Cells. S

Bex (/'.• •.'■■■ [ \c. a cough]. A cough, or disease char-
acterized by coughing. B. convulsiva, whooping-
cough. B. theriodes. Synonym of Whooping-

Bezet or Bezette i be-zetf). See Pigments, Conspectus of.
Bezoar [b^-zo-ar) [Ar. , bazahr, the bezoar-stone]. A

name for certain calculi or concretions found in the
stomach or intestines of some animals (especially
ruminants), formerly supposed to be efficacious in pre-
venting the fatal effects of poison. B., Vegetable.
Calapite.

Bezoardic [bez-o-ar* '-dik) [Ar., bazahr, the bezoar-
stone]. I. Acting as a bezoar ; antidotal. 2. Any
alexipharmic agent.

Bezold's (von) Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of .

Bhang [bang). See Cannabis indica.

Bhel la.

Bi-i'V) [/'is, twice]. A prefix signifying " twice " or
"two;" as bicuspid, with two cusps ; bilobed, twice
lobed ; bivalved, with two valves; bilateral, two-
sided, etc. In chemistry, the prefix di is commonly
employed.

Biacid {bias' -id) [bi, two; acidum, an acid]. Tn
chemistry, a term applied to a base that may combine
in two proportions with an acid.

Biauricular [bi-aw-rik' '-u-lar) [bis, twice; auricula,
the ear]. Relating to two auricles, or to two corres-
; ling auricular points.

Bibirin [bi-bir'-in). See Buxin.

Bibiru [bi-be'-ru). Same as Bebeeru.

Bibitorius [bib-it-o1 '-re-us) [bibere, to drink]. The
rectus internus muscle of the eye ; so called because
it turns the eye inward in the act of drinking.

Bibliography [bib-le-og' '-ra-fe) [SiJ/iov, a book;
. to write], A classified list of references,
books, or authorities on any subjei I

Bibliophobia [bib-le-o-fo' '-be-ah) [0i/3Mov, a book;
]. Morbid dislike of bo<

Bibron's Antidote. Formerly quite a famous remedy
for rattlesnake bite. It con mm, Jiiss;

potassium iodid, gr. ij ; corrosive chlorid of mercury,
gr. j ; dilute alcohol, »xxx. Of this a teaspoonful is
given in wine or brandy, p. r. n.

Bibulous (bib'-u-lus) [bibere, to drink]. Having the
property of absorbing moisture or liquids. B. lapis,
pumice B. Paper, used in dentistry for "living

cavities preparatory to introducing the filiing. Blot-
ting paper.

Bicarbonate [bi-kat^-bon at) [bis, twice; carbo, a. coal"].
Any supercarbonate that has two carbonic acid equiv-
alent- • (f the base.

Bicarinate [bi-kar' -in-at) [bi, two ; carinatus, keel-

shaped] In biology, having two keel like projec-
tions, a- certain grass*

Bicaudal [bi-kan [bicaudalis, two-tailed]. Hav-

ing two tails or appendages. B. Muscle, the abdu,
tor auris. See Muscles, Tab,

Bicephalium [bi-sef-a' -le-um) [bi, two; k> <<,:'.■ r, head].
A tumor of the scalp so large that it gives the patient
the appearance of having two heads.

Biceps [bi'-seps) [bis. twice; caput, the head]. A term
applied to several muscles, as />'. brachii, /■>'. extensor,
B. flexor cruris. Theyare so called from their double
origin. See Muscles, Table of. B. Reflex. See
Reflexes, Table of.

Bichat, Canal of. See Canal. B., Fissure of. See
Fissure. B., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table
of. B., Tunic of, the intimaof the blood-vessels.

Bichlorid [bi-klof -rid) [bi, two; chlorin]. In chem-
istry, a basic compound containing two equivalents ol
chlorin. B. of Gold. See Gold. B. of Mercury.
See Hydrargyrum.

Bicho do mar [be' ' -cho-do-mar). Sec Biche de mer.

Bichromate [bi-kro' -mat) [bi, two; chromium]. In
chemistry, a basic compound containing two equiva-
lents of chromium. B. of Potash. See Potassium.

Bicipital [bi-sipZ-it-al) [bi, two; caput, the head].
Pertaining to the biceps muscle.

Bi-concave [bi-konf -kav). See Lens.

Biconvex [bi-kon'-veks). See Lens.

Bicornute (bi-kor'-iuit) [bicornutus, with two horns].
Having two horns, as a bicornute uterus.

Bicuspid [bi-kusf -pid) [bi, two; cuspis, the point of a
spear]. Having two cusps, as B. Teeth, the fourth
and fifth teeth. B. Valve, the mitral valve of the
heart.

Bidder and Schmidt's Method. A method of estimat-
ing the amount of acids in the stomach. It consists
in performing an ultimate analysis, apportioning the
chlorin to the metals and ammonium present, and
calculating the remainder as HC1.

Bidder's Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of. B.'s
Organ, a singular structure found in male toads
and sometimes in male frogs, between the tesii-
and fat-body; it is a rudimentary ovary, and in
conjunction with the testis forms an ovotestis ; the
development of the Miillerian duct, or oviduct,
being in direct proportion to the size of " bidder's
< >rgan." I hese functionless ducts frequently become
cystic (in ten per cent, of male frogs, and in fifteen
per cent, of male toads).

Bidens [bi'-denz) [bidens, having two teeth]. A genus
of herbaceous composite plants. B. bipennata,
Spanish needles, an herbaceous composite-flowered
plant. The seeds and root-, are said to be emmen-
agogue and atitibechic. Hose of lid. ext. gtt. XV— zj.
Unof.

Bidet (be del' ', or -da) [Ft. for pony]. A tub or basin
with fixed attachments for the administering of injec-
tions; also for use as a sitz-bath or hip-bath.

Biebrich Scarlet. See Pigment ectusof.

Biedert's Cream Mixture. An infant's food made by
mixing 4 OZ. of cream with 12 oz. of warm water, and
adding <? oz. of mill It contains 1 per cent,

of casein, 2.5 per cent, ol fat, and 3.8 per cent, of
sugar As the child grow- older a larger proportion
1 >! milk is added.

Bi-electrolysis [bi-e-lek-ti-ol' -is-is) [bi, two; rfkeierpov,
amber; /inn, resolution]. The electrolysis of two
substances at the same time.

Biennial [bi en' al | [ bi, two ; annus, a year]. Every
two years. In botany, plants thai produce foliage
and a rool stalk the firs! year, flowering and maturing
the second.

BIERMER'S CHANGE OP NOT]

20£

1 : 1 1 . 1 N

Biermer's Change of Note. See Signs and Symptoms ,
labl

Bifenestrate [bi-fen-es/-trat\ Same as Biperfordte.

Bifid (bi'-fid) {bis, twice; findere, to cleave]. Divided
in two ; ' left, as the spina bifida.

Bifocal (bi-fo'-kal) [/'/.two; focus, a point]. With a
double focus. Applied to a system of lenses or specta<
glasses with two foci, chiefly used for the i orrei tion of
presbyopia, when there is at the same time an error
of refraction for distant vision. The distance li n>
is above that lor near work. These are sometimes

B. Distance Lens.

Bifocal Lens.

A. Reading Lens, cemented to the
I listance lens.

called Pantoscopic /ones, and also Franklin spectacles,
because the device was first made by Benjamin
Franklin. ^0They are also called Cement lenses, because
now made by cementing the lower segment to the
distance lens.

Biforate (bi-fo' -rat) [bi, two; foratus, perforated].
Having two foramina.

Biforin {bi'-for-in) [biforis, having two doors]. In
biology, the name applied by Turpin to raphides-
bearing cells in which the raphides are discharged
from both ends of the cell.

Bifurcate (bi-fr'-hat) [bi, two ; /urea, a fork]. Di-
vided into two, like a fork.

Bifurcation (bi-fer-fca' -shun) [bifurca/io ; from bi, two ;
furca, a fork]. Division into two branches, as of a
tooth into two roots ; of the trachea and of the aorta
into two branches.

Big {big) [ME., big, large]. Great with young; preg-
nant. B.-jaw, actinomycosis in the ox.

Bigarade (be-gah-ra(h)d') [Fr.]. The bitter orange.
Its volatile oil [essence or /utile de bigarade) is used in
pharmacy and in perfumery.

Bigelovia (big-lo' -ve-ah) [Bigelow, an American botan-
ist]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. See
Damiana.

Bigelow's Ligament. The Y-ligament ; ilio-femoral
ligament. B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of.
B.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. B.'s
Septum, in anatomy, a layer of hard bony tissue
in the neck of the thigh-bone.

Bigeminate (bi-jem' -in-at) [bigeminus, doubled]. In
biology, forked, doubled.

Bigeminum (bi-jem' '-in-um) [bi, two; geminus, a
twin]. ( )ne of the corpora bigemina of the brain ; one
of the optic lobes of the brain.

Biglenoid {bi-gl'-noi,t) [bi, two; ykfjVTi, a socket;
rietoe, form]. Relating to both of any pair of glenoid
cavities.

Bignonia (big-no' -ne-ah) [Bignon, a French sa-
vant]. A genus of climbing-plants, often woody. B.
alliacea, of the W. Indies, and B. capreolata, of N.
America, are regarded asantisyphilitic. Several other
species are reputed to be actively medicinal. I'nof.

Bigoniac (bi-go' ' -nc ■-ak) [bi, two ; yuvia, an angle]. Re-
lating to the two gonions.

Bijugular [bi-juf -gu-lar) [bi, two; jugulum, the collar-
bone]. R( i the two jugular poinl

Bikh (bik) [native Nepalese]. The Nepalese poison,
bish ; it is derived from the roots ot Aconitum j< ■
See Aconite.

Bilabe (bi' -lab, or be-la(h)b') [Fr. ; bi, two; labium Up].
A surgil al instrument for removing foreign bodies
from the bladder through the urethra.

Bilateral (bi-laf '-er-al) [bi, two ; latus, a side]. Relat-
ing to two sides ; sinistrodextral. B. Symmetry, the
symmetry of right and left halves. B. Operation.
See Lithotomy.

Bilateralism (bi-laf '-er-al-izm) [bi, two; latus a side].
Bilateral symmetry.

Bile [bit) [bills; X""h the bile]. The substance se< i
by the liver. It is mucilaginous, golden brown in
man. golden-red in camivora, brownish green in
herbivora, and green in birds. It is composed of
biliary salts, cholesterin, mucus, and certain pigments.
The principal acids are taurocholi (< ., 1 1 , \>< i. and
vcocholu (CjgH^NOg), both commonly combined
with sodium. The taste of bile is intensely bitter :
reaction feebly alkaline, and its density from 1026 to
I032. It exercises a diastatic action on starch, emul
sifies fats, and precipitates soluble peptone. Its com-
position varies, but according to Hoppe-Seyler, in 100
parts bile there are of

Inorganicniatter,' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ;9«-68 Parts.

Organic matter, 8.32 "

MucUs 1.29 "

Taurocholate of sodium 0.S7

Glycocholate of sodium 3.03 "

Saponified fat 1.39 "

Cholesterin, 0.35 "

Lecithin 0.53 "

Fat 0.73 "

B. Pigments, the coloring-matters of the bile, B.
P., Tests for. See Tests, Table of.

Bilharzia (bil-har'-ze-ah) [named after Theodor Bil-
harz, an helminthologist]. A genus of trematode
helminths, established by Cobbold, characterized In-
having the sexes separate. See Gynecophorus and
Parasites [Animal), Table of. B. haematobia. -
Distoma.

Bilharziosis (bil-har-ze-o'-sis) [Bilharzia']. The en-
semble of symptoms produced by the presence in
the intestine of worms of the genus Bilharzia.

Biliary (bil'-e-a-re) [bills, bile]. Pertaining to the bile.
B. Acids, glycocholic and taurocholic acids formed in
the liver. For tests for B. A. in the urine, see 7
Table of. B. Colic, colic produced by the passage
of gall-stones. See Gall-stones. B. Ducts, the
hepatic, the cystic and the ductus communis
choledochus. The first leads from the liver, the
second from the gall-bladder. The third is a common
excretory duct. See Liver.

Bilicyanin [bil-e-si' -an-in) [bilis, bile; kv&vcoc, blue].
Cholecyanin, choleverdin. A blue pigment obtained
from bilirubin.

Biliflavin (bil-e-fla'-viri) [bilis, bile; flavus, yellow].
A yellow coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin.

Bilifulvin (bil-e-ful'-vin) [bilis, bile ; fulvus, fulvous].
An impure form of bilirubin ; also a yellow bile-color
from ox-gall, not normallv present in human 1 ile.

Bilifuscin (bil-e- fits' -in) [bilis, bile ; fusciis, brown],
( ',,,1 1.,(l.\ .,< >,. A pigmentary matter occurring in bile,
and in human gall-stones.

Bilihumin (bil-e-hu'-min) [bilis, bile; humus, earth].
An insoluble residue left after treating gall-stones with
various solvents.

Bilin (bi'-liu) [bilis, bile]. A mixture of the taurocho-
late and glycocholate of sodium, forming a copious
resinoid constituent of the bile.

BILINEURIN

206

Hit (METER

Bilineurin 3 "•

Bilious , full of bile]. \. term popu

larlv applied to disorders supposed to arise from a too
f bile. B. Fever, a term loosely
applied I in enteric and malarial fevers.

Biliphein ^ 1 A

SUpi olor, now regarded as an impure

bilirubin ; called alsi
Biliprasin • bile ; irpdam . leek :

- - j. CjgH, N ,( >,. A pigmentary

substance occurring in gall-stones, icteric urine and
bile.
Bilipurpin, or Bilipurpurin r'-pin, bil-e-J.

. purple]. A purple
ring-matter derivable from biliverdin.
Bilipyrrhin ..' pir'-in). Si hin.

Bilirubin '.. V- in) [/'///>. bile ; ruber, red] , C,6HI8-
N.O.. A red colonng-matter, the chief pigment of
the bile. It is found also in the urine in jaundice. It is
insoluble in water, and almost so in ether and alcohol,
but it is readily soluble in alkaline solutions. It a
tallizes in rhombic plates or prisms. B. Icterus,
icterus or jaundice with discoloration of the skin and
urine from the presence of an abnormally large percent-
age of bilirubin.
Biliverdin '■////) [bilis, bile; viridis, green],

. or ' J I ,V >.. A green pigment, the first
product of the oxidation of bilirubin. It gives the
characteristic color to the bile of herbivora, and occurs
in the urine of jaundice and in traces in gall-Stones.
Billroth's Mixture. thetic. B.'s Operations.

as, Table of .
Bilsted, or Bilsterd (bil'-sted, or bil'-sterd). See

Liquidambi r.
Bimana (bim'-an-ah) [/'/.two; mantis, a hand]. An
order of the division of mammalia including man only.
Bimanual [bi-man' -u-al) [bi, two; manus, a hand].

Two-handed. Ambidextrous.
Bimastoid (hi-mas'-toid) [/</, two; uaar6g, the breast;
form]. Relating to the two mastoid eminences.
Binary [bi'-nar-e) [binus, a couple]. In chemistry,
compounded of two elements. In anatomy, separat-
ing into two branches. B. Theory, in chemistry, the
theory that considers all salts as double compounds.
Binate [binus, two by two]. In biology,

bifoliate ; bidigitate ; occurring in pairs.
Binaural .';<//) [bis, twice; amis, ear]. Per-

taining to or having two ears.
Binauricular [bin-aw-rik'-u-Iar) [?>is, twice; auricula,
the ear]. Pertaining or belonging to both ears. B.
Arc. See . /
Binder [b'tnd'-er) [ME. , byndere]. A wide bandage
about the abdomen, worn by women during or after
labor, or celiotomy, to support the abdominal walls. B.,
Mammary, a -hug or suspensory for the mamma.
Binder's Board. A thick, strong variety of p
board for bookbinders' use; it has a limited use in
ery.
Binding Posts. Clamps for connecting conducting

wires with the electric apparatus.
Bindschedler's Green. Same as Dimethylphenylene

Gr, a .
Bindweb (blnd'-web) [ME., binden; webbe\ The

neuroglia.
Binelli's Styptic. A nostrum formerly famous as a

styptic It is supposed to have contained i rea
Biniodid [bin i' lid.

Binocular [bi, two; oculus, an eye]. In

anatomy, having or pertaining to two eyes. In opl
an instrument with two eye pieces for use with both
eyes at once. B. Vision, the faculty of using both
eyes synchronously and without diplo]

Binoculus [bin-ok* -u-lus) [1... two-eyed]. A figure-

oi eight bandage for both eyes.
Binoxid ' id) [bi, two ; oxid\ Same as Dioxid.

Binuclear [bi nuf i ar) [bi, two; nucleus, a kernel],

1 laving two nu< let.
Binucleolate (bi-nu-ile/-o-l&c) [/'/, two; nucleolus, a

little kernel]. Having two nucleoli.
Bioblast [hi* o bla ( Uog, hie ; Waarbg, a germ]. A

plastidule or formative cell ; a corpuscle that has not

\et become a cell.
Biocellate l'-nt) [/>/,two; ocellus, a little eye]

In biology, having two spot- resembling eyes.
Biochemics [bi-o-kem' -iks ) [frog, life; fflfieta, chem-
istry]. The chemistry of life. See Biocheviy,
Bio-chemistry [bi-o-kem' '-is-tre) [>'"-. life; \ >.

chemistry]. The chemistrv of the living body, or of

life.

Biochemy [bir -o-kem-e) [ Hog, life; t'/""'«, chemistry].

mic force as exhibited in living organisms.
Biochyme [bi'-o-kim) | Uog, life; xv!l'k, juice]. In

biology, the sap or cell-juice of plants.
Biodynamics [bi-o-di-namf -iks) [frog, life; dvva/ug,

power]. The dynamics of life ; dynamic biol.
Biogamia (bi-o-ga'-mi -ah i [fruog, life ; , d/toi , marriage].
The hypothetic union of opposing vital forces (as
of contractility and sensibility), resulting in repro-
duction.
Biogenesis [bi-o-jen' -es-i • . life; y&eatc, origin].

I. The doctrine that living things are produced only
from living things — the reverse of abi\r<>t,sis. 2.
Reproduction from living parents.
Biogeny [bi-of -en-e) [frog, life; . generation].

In biology, the evolution of organic forms, either con-
sidered individually [pnt or tribally {phytogeny).
Biognosis [bi-og-no* -sis) [frog, life; yvaoig, know-
ledge]. The study of life and its phenomena;
biology.
Biokinematics [bi-o-kin-em-atf -iks) [fruog, life; nlvy/ia,
motion]. The kinematics of life ; the science of the
motions or movements that are essential to life.
Biokinesigenesis [bi-o-kin-es-ij-en' '-es-is) [1 og, life ;
xlrr/aig, movement; ; J . production]. The
origination of the movements of living matter.
Biokinetics [bi-o-kin-elf-iks) [frog, life; Kit
motion]. The kinetics of life: the science of the
movements that are necessary parts of the process of
development. See Karyokin
Biologic, or Biological [bi-o-loj' -ik, bi-o-lojf -ik-al)
[piog, life; Myog, science]. Pertaining or belonging
to biology. B. Law. See Phylogeny and Hceckel.
Biologist [bi-oV -o-jist) [frog, life; /",••», science].

One who is a student of biolo
Biologos [bi-o-log' -os) [frog, life; Wryog, a word]. A
designation proposed for the intelligent living power
displayed in cellular and organic action and reaction.
Biology [bi-ol'-o-je) \ Hog, life; /",<», science]. The
science embracing the structure, function, and or-
ganization of life-fornis. \
Biolysis [bi-ol'-is-is) [friog, life; Meat, to loo
The destruction of life. The devitalization of living
tissue.
Biolytic [bi-o-Ht' -ik) \ Viog, life; Tibeiv, to loosen].

I destructive to life ; relating to biolysis.
Biomagnetism [bi-o-mag1 '-net-izm) [frog, life; fi6

a magnet]. So called animal magnetism.
Biometer [bi-om'-et ■ ■ " • measure],

I »r. Farr speaks oi the I .ife I able as a biomi
and of equal importaqi e in all inquiries connected with
human life or sanitary improvi ments with the
>r thermometer, etc., in physical research;
and tie me or pivot on which the whole science

of life-assurance re I

I;l< (METRY

207

BIRD'S-NEST

Biometry {bi-om'-et > . life ; ukrpov, a measure].

Life-measurement; the estimation of the probable
duration of any given life form — in the past or future.

Biomorphotic (bi-o-tnor-fof-ik) [fiiog , life ; fio

lit for shaping]. In biology, having an active pupa.

Biondi's Fluid. A staining-medium used in b
logic laboratories. It i- a mixture <>l orange-G.,
methyl-green, and acid fuchsin. See Stains,

Bionergy (bi-on' -er-je) [fiiog, life; ipyov, work]. Life-
force; force exercised in the living organism.

Bionomy {bi-onr -o-tne) [fiiog, life; vofiog, a law].
Dynamic biology; biodynamics; the science of the
laws of life.

Biontology (bi-on-tol'-o-jc) [fiiog, life; £>t>(bvT), being;
ziyeiv, to speak.]. In biology, the physiology of tin-
species or genus, embracing the transi I or
strictly philosophic in physiology (J. Aitken Meigs.)

Biophagous (bi-off* -ag-us) [ >' <» , life ; tpayeiv, to eat].
Feeding upon living organisms, or upon living tissue,
as insei ti\ ■ irous plants.

Biophore (bi'-o-for) [fiiog, life; tykpeiv, to bear]. One
of Weismann's hypothetic " bearers of vitality," cor-
responding to the " plasomes " of Wiesner and Briicke
and to the " pangenes " of de Vries, the smallest
units that exhibit the primary vital forces, the bearers
of the cell-qualities.

Biophysiography (bi-o-fiz-e-og' -ra-fc) [fiioc, life ; <f>vaig,
nature; ypatyciv, to write]. Descriptive or structural
biology ; organography, as distinguished from bio-
physiology.

B'ophysiology (bi-o-fiz-e-oF-o-je) [[Hoc, life ; tyvoig, na-
ture ; /oyoc, science]. That branch of biology that in-
cludes organogeny, morphology and general physi-
ology.

Bioplasm [bi1 '-o-plazni) [fiiog, life; irX&Gfia, form].
Any living matter, but especially germinal or forming
matter ; matter possessing reproductive vitality. See
Protoplasm.

Bioplasmic [bi-o-plaz1 '-mik) [fiiog, life; tz'/Aap-a, form].
Relating to or of the nature of bioplasm.

Bioplasson [bi-o-plas* '-on) [fiiog, life ; ir'/Aaauv, form-
ing]. Flsberg's term for living matter. A synonym
of protoplasm or bioplasm.

Bioplast [bi' -o-plast) [fiiog, life; irXaorSg, formed]. A
mass or cell of bioplasm which is a unit of living
matter.

Bioplastic (bi-o-plas'-tik) [fi'oc, life; Tr?.aaroc, formed].
Relating to or of the nature of a bioplast or of bio-
plasm.

Biopsic (bi-op'-sik) [fiiog, life ; otjnc, vision]. Pertain-
ing to biopsy.

Biopsy [bi'-op-se) [fiiog, life; bif/ig, vision]. Observation
of the living subject ; opposed to necropsy.

Biorbital {bi-orb' -it-al) [bi, two; orbila, a path]. Re-
lating to both orbits.

Bioscope (bi'-o-skop) [,.3/oc, life; BKonelv, to view] . An
instrument used in bioscopy.

Bioscopy [bi-dsf -ko-pe) [Hoc, life ; gko-eIv, to examine].
Examination of the body to ascertain if life be extinct.
B., Electro-, examination by the aid of the electric
current. The muscular reaction is lost to faradic
stimulation in about two hours after death in the
tongue; after three or four hours in the extremities ;
after five or six hours in the trunk. The reaction to
galvanism persists somewhat longer.

Biosis (bi-t/sis) [fiiog, life]. life; vitality.

Biostatics [bi-o-staP-iks) [fiiog, life; nrariKoc, causing
to stand]. Static biology ; the science of the deter-
minate parts of biology, including anatomy, and the
physics of the living body.

Biot's Respiration. See R biration.

Biotaxis (bi-o-taks'-is) [fiiog, life ; ra;ia, arrangement].

I. The selective and arranging function or activitv of
life, or of living 'ells. 2. Systematii biology; the
1 lassification of living organisms.

Biotaxy [bi'-o-taks-e). £

Biothalmy {bi' '-o-thal-me) [

life ; O&Akeiv, to be vigorous]. '1 he art of living long
and well.

Biotic [bi-ot'-ik) [ iiuruc6g'\. Pertaining to life or to the
laws of animal and vegetable progress and evolutii

Biotome [bi'-o-tom) [ Mog, life; TOftf, a cutting]. A
term applied by Cobbold to a stage in the development
ol certain entozoa.

Biotomy {bi-of -o-me) [fiiog, life ; - to cut]. Vi-

visection.

Biparasitic (bi-par-as-it'-ik) [bi, two ; napdairog, a
parasite]. Parasitic upon a parasite.

Biparietal [bi-par-i' -et-al) [bi, two; parietes, a wall],
lating to both parietal bones. B. Diameter, the
distance from one parietal eminence of the cranium to
the other.

Biparous {pip1 '-ar-us) [bi, double; parere, to bring
forth]. Producing two at a birth.

Bipartite {bi-par'-ttt) [bi, two; pars, a part]. In
biology, composed of two part- or divisions.

Biped (bi'-ped) [bi, two; pes, a foot]. With or having
two feet.

Biperforate (bi-p.r'-f rat [bi, two; per/oratus, 1
through]. Having two perforations ; as a biperforate
hymen.

Bipetalous [bi-petf -al-us) [bi, two; Trira'/ov, a petal].
In biology, having two petals.

Biphosphate [bi- fas' -fat) [bi, two; phosphorus']. In
chemistry, an acid phosphate.

Biphosphid (bi- fos' -fid) [bi, two; phosphorus]. In
chemistry, a phosphid containing twice as much phos-
phorus as the lower member of the phosphid serio.

Biphosphite [bi-fos'-fit) [bi, two; phosphorus]. In
chemistry, an acid phosphite.

Bipinnate [bi-pin'-Ot ) [bi. two ; pinnatus, feathered].
In biology, doubly pinnate, as a leaf.

Bipolar (pi-po* -Inr) [bi, two; polus, a pole]. Having
two poles. B. Nerve-cells, nerve cells that have
two prolongations of the cell-matter. Thev are
found chiefly in the ganglia of the gray matter of the
brain.

Bipubiotomy (bipu-be-ot'-o-me) [bi, double; pi
pubes; * . tocut]. An obsolete operation fin the

place of the Cesarean section) in which the pubic
bones were both divided. See Galbiati's and Fara-
beuf ' s Operati n .

Birch (berck) [AS., birce\. Any tree of the genus
/':. Birch tar, or the tarry oil of B. alba, is
useful in certain skin diseases. The bark of /
the American black birch, yields a fragrant volatile
oil, identical with that of Gaullh ; ocumbens, for

which it is often substituted. B. Camphor. >ame
as B. Resin. B. Resin. SeeBetufin. Oleum betulae
volatile, volatile oil of betula, oil of sweet birch.

Bird-lime [berd'-tlm). A viscous vegetable substance
used in Japan as a local dressing for wounds.

Bird's Formula. The last two figures of the specific
gravity of urine nearly represent the number of grains
of solids to the ounce contained in the urine. The
same two figures multiplied by 2 (Trapp's Factor!
give the parts per iooo. Haeser's Factor is 2.33.
B. Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Bird's-nest Bodies, or Cells. The cells of certain
forms of carcinoma, di-tin:niished by the concentric
arrangement of their cell-walls. See also Cancer
ts. B. Edible, the nest of certain species of
swift, used by the Chinese as food. It consists of
marine alga;, Gelidium, cemented by the salivary

r.iRiiiM \

•ji-

BISUl CATE

mucus of the binl. B. Sternum, a deformity <>t the
sternum found in lateral curvature of the spine.
Birhinia • . the nose]. A con

genital defect in which there is the formation of two

BOS

Birth i) [ME., |. 1.1 he delivers of a child;

parturition. 2. That which is brought forth in par-
turition. B.-mark. - B.-
palsy, any paralyti n due to an injury
ceived at birth ; ; congenital paralytic

-i m that existed in the fetal stati

gee B., Partial,

the incomplete expulsion of a child in labor; of legal

value in lawsuits for property. B., Plural, the birth

re than a single child. B., Posthumous, the

birth of a child after the death of it- lather. B.,

Precocious, the occurrence of natural labor alter

a ihorl mcy than i- usual. B., Premature.

B.-rate, the proportion of births per

isand. B. root. See Beth Root. B.-wort, the

plant A see hid), so

called from its former employment as a depurant after

childbirth. Unof. B., Still. See Still-born. Some

of the Tests of live birth are appended: Breslau

If the inte-tine- and Stomach of the infant

float in water on removal from the body it was

thought to be proof that the child was born alive.

This test i- of no value. Hydrostatic Test. Suggest* 1

by Raygat. It consists in placing the lungs in water

and noting their specific gravity. If inflation has

occurred they will float. This test i- valuable. Plouc-

l'his consists in estimating the ratio

it of the lungs to the weight of the body

of the child. Ploucquet laid down this rule, that

a/ion the weight of the lung- compared to

the weight of the body was in the ratio of I to 70,

and that it n it wa- in the ratio of I to

The test is of but slight value. Stati,- test.

• > called / or Schmidt's Test. This consists

in ascertaining the absolute weight of the lungs, and

mparing tin- weight with the average lung-weights

of stillborn children, and of children who have died

soon after birth. Fodere fixes the weight of the lungs

of stillborn children born at term at 480 grains (1 0

and weight of the lungs soon

after breathing ! established. 1 his test is also

of but -light value.

Bisacromial [bi -<ik . two; anpuftia, the

point of the shoulder-blade]. Relating to the two

acromia.

Biscara Button [bis'-kar-ah but' '•;/«). See Furun-

ilis.
Bischoffs Operation. See Operations, Tabl
Biscuit (bis/-Ait) [Ft., "twice baked' ]. A kind ol
ca!. rly, a -mall, hard cake. In In n< h phar-

m.i i biscuits of various kind- are known.

B., Camplin's, biscuits made of bran for the use ol
They are made as foil ike one quart

wheat-bran and boil in two successive waters tor
fifteen minutes, straining the mixture through a
until the water come- through clear ; li wash-

ing squeeze in a cloth until perfectly dry ; spread thinly
on a dish and place in a slow oven. If put in a)
night, let it remain in until morning, when, if dry and

sp, it is fit for grinding. The mass so obtained mu
ground in a line mill and passed through a wire

tine that a brush will be required to push the flour
through. Grind again that which remain- in lie-
sieve until quit' I fin I in ounces of
the powder, three new-laid eggs, from one and a half
to two ounces of butter and about half a pint ol milk,
Mix the egg- with a little of the milk, and warm the

butter with the oilier portion. Slir the whole well
together, adding a little nutmeg and L;ingei or other
-pice-. Hake in small well buttered tin- in a rather
<|uick oven for about hall an hour. Make the cake a
little thicker than a captain's biscuit.

Biscuiting (bis'-kit-ing). See Block Teeth.

Bisection (bi-seh'-shun) [bi, two; sectio, a cutting].
In obstetrics, embryotomy.

Bisexual Ibi-sekst-u-al) [bi, two; ex]. Having

the reproductive organs of both sexes. Hermaphrodite.

Bish (bish). Same as Bikh.

Bishop's fStanmore) Operation. See Operations,
Table of . B s Weed. See Ajowan.

Bishoping [bishf-op ing) [M.K.,bischopen]. In farriery.
tiling a -pa. e between the teeth of a horse.

Bisiliac [bis-il'-e-ak^bis, two ; iliacus"]. Relating to tin
two most distant points of the two iliac crests.

Bisischiadic [bi id'-ik) [/>is, two; iOKiadiK6g,

relating to the hip]. Relating to corresponding points
on the two i-chia.

Biskra Boil, or Button. See Furun ~ulus orientalis.

Bismarck Brown. Same as Phenylene Brown and
/ esuvin.

Bismuth, or Bismuthum (biz/-muth) [L., gen., />'/ -
muthi\. ¥>\z=z 210; quantivalence 1, III, v. A pink-
ish-white crystalline metal, not used in medicine 111 its
metallic form. It- commercial salts are likely to contain
arsenic. The insoluble salts of bismuth are feebly
astringent and are useful in disordered digestion, acne,
eczema, etc. B. et Ammonii Citras, soluble in
water. Dose gr. j-v. B. et Ammon. Citras,
Liquor (B.P.). Dose ^ss-j. B. Carbonas (B.P 1.
(Bi20,CO.!),,H,0. Dose gr. v-xx. B. Citras, B
1 1 .< ).. soluble in water of ammonia; used in the U. S.
only for pharmaceutic purposes. Dose gr. ij— v. B.
Oxid. (B.P.), Ri.o... Dose gr. v-xv. B. Oxy-
chlorid, pearl white I nof. It is used as a cosmetic.
B. Pulvis, Comp., FerrierJs Snuff. Contains two
grains of hydrochlorate ofmorphin in one ounce, with
bismuth and acacia. It is used f< ir treating coryza. B.
Salicylas. Bi(< II ,Os) bi<>. Dose gr. v-x. B.
Subcarbonas, ( Ri< >) ._,< '< »,.I I," >, insoluble ; it is best
given in emulsion with milk. Dosegr. x-^j. B. Sub-
gallate. See Dermatol. B. Subiodid, BiOI, used as
an antiseptic dusting- powder, like iodoform. B. Sub-
nitras, BiON08.H20, the salt chiefly used in medi-
cine. It is also used as a cosmetic. Dose gr. x-^j.
B. Test. See Tests, Tabic of. B., Trochisci (B. P. | ;
each contains gr. ij. B., Unguent., 60 grains to one
ounce. For herpes, piles, etc. B. White. See Con-
spectus of Pigments, under Pigment.

Bissa (lu's'-ali) [native African]. An affection of man
and sheep, common in Egypt, and chai d by

the production oi edema. B. Bol, a kind of myrrh,
from Balsamodendron Kafal, a tree of E, Africa. It
is used largely in adulterating the finer grade- ol
myrrh, and 1- said to stimulate powerfully the flow of
milk in cows. Unof.
Bistellate [bi-steV '-St) [bi, two; stella, a star]. Shaped

like a double star.
Bistephanic (bi-ste-fan' -ik) [bi, two; artfyavuw, dim.
of '" . a wreath]. Relating to the stephanions.

Bistort [hi 'tort) [bis, twice ; tortus, twisted]. Snake
weed, Adder- wort. The rhizome oi Polygonum bis-
torla, an astringent. Dosi oi fid. ext. rrpxx-xl. Unof.
Bistoury (bis/-to-re) [Fi 'ourt], A small (straight or
curved) knife used in surgery. B. -cache, one that has
the blade 1 onceali d for passing to the poinl to be in
cised, and by pressure on the handle theblade isexposed
and the incisii m made.
Bisulcate [bi-sul' -k&t) [bi, two; sulcus, a furrow].
Having two furrows or grooves.

BIS! I I'll \TE

'JO!)

BLACK

Bisulphate [pi-sul* -fat) [/'/, two ; ME., sulphur]. Any
acid sulphate having twice the amount o! acid con
tained in the corresponding normal sulph

Bisulphid (pi-sul* -fid) [bi, two; sulHuu\. [n chem
istry, a sulphur compound in which there are two
atoms oi sulphur to one atom of the other substance
of the compound. B. of Carbon. See Anesthetic.

Bisulphite (bi-sul'-fit) [bi, two; sulphur]. An acid
sulphite. The bisulphite of lime is used as an anti-
ferment.

Bitartrate {pi-tar* -trSt) [bi, two; raprapov, tartar].
Any tartrate in which one normal hydrogen atom has

• been replaced by a base. See Tartaric acid.

Bitemporal [pi-temf -por-al) [pi, two; tempora, the
temples]. Pertaining or belonging to the two temples.
B. Triangle. Sec Triangle.

Biti {be'-te) [E. End.]. The E.Indian tree Dalbergia
latifolia ; the oil of the root is said to cure or prevent
baldness. I in if.

Bitnoben [pit-n f-ben) [Hind, for " black salt "]. An
East Indian polychrest remedy composed of salt,
myrobalan and iron.

Bitter [pit'-er) [AS., bitan, to bite]. A peculiar, well-
known taste, of which quinin presents an example;
unpalatable. B. Almond, the nut of the Amygdalum
amarum. It contains hydrocyanic acid. B. Almond
Green. Same as Malachite Green. B. Almond Oil,
oleum amygdalae amarae. See Benzaldehyd. B. Apple,
the fruit of the colocynth, a purgative remedy. B.
Blain, a West Indian herb, Vandellia diffusa, em-
ployed in fevers and in hepatic disorders. Unof. B.
Bloom. The same as American Centaury, a. v. B.
Bugle weed, the herb Lycopus europceus, alterative
and tonic. Dose of fid. ext. §ss-j. Unof. B. Cup,
a cup made of quassia wood. It is a tonic. B.
King, the shrub or tree, Soulamea amara, intensely
bitter in all parts, and reputed to be antiperiodic. Unof.
B. Purging Salt, sulphate of magnesia. B. Root,
the root of Gentian a catesbai, a tonic. B. Tincture,
the tinctura amara (N.F.), prescribed also in the Ger-
man pharmacy; it is a tincture of gentian, centaury,
bitter orange-peel, orange-berries, and zedoary ; it is
known also as Stomach Drops. B. Wine of Iron,
a solution of white wine, syrup, citrate of iron and
quinin. Tonic. See Iron.

Bittering [pit' '-er-ing) [AS., bitan, to bite]. A disease
of wine in which it acquires a bitter flavor, due to the
formation of a substance that develops as the wine
ages, or if it be exposed to too high a temperature.

Bitters (bit'-ers) [AS., bitan, to bite]. Medicines char-
acterized by a bitter taste. B., Aromatic, medicines
that unite the properties of aromatics with those of
simple bitters. B., Simple, medicines that stimulate
the gastro-intestinal tract without influencing the gen-
eral system. B., Styptic, medicines that add styptic
and astringent properties to those of bitterness. See
August ura.

Bittersweet (bit'-er-s~d>ef). See Dulcamara. B., False.
See Climbing Staff Tree.

Bitumen (bit-u'-meu) [L. , bitumen~\. Mineral pitch or
oil composed of various hydrocarbons, in the solid
form it is usually called asphalt ; in the liquid form,
petroleum. An intermediate form is known as mineral
tar or maltha. By distillation, bitumen yields benzol,
naphtha, paraffin, and various other hydrocarbon-,
liquid and gaseous.

Bituminous (pit-uf -min-us) [bitumen, bitumen]. Of
the nature of or containing bitumen. B. Coal. See
Coal.

Biuret (bi'-u-ret) [bi, two ; orpov, urine], C2H5N302-f
II. ,0. A compound formed by exposing urea to a
high temperature for a long time. It is readily soluble

14

in water and in alcohol ; it crystallizes with one molecule
of water in the form of warts and needle-. When
anhydrous, biuret melts at 1 90° with decompositi
B. Reaction, or Test. S< e / its, Tab,

Bivalence [pii/ -al-ens) [pi, two ; valen. . having power].
In chemistry, a valence or saturating power that is
double that of the hydrogen atom.

Bivalent (biv/-al-ent) [bi, two; valens, having power].
In chemistry, applied to an element of which an atom
can replace two atoms of hydrogen or other Univalent
element, or to a radical that has the same valence as a
bivalent atom.

Bivalve [pi'-valv) [bi, two; valva, a valve]. Having
two valve- or shells, as a mollusc or a speculum.

Biventer [pi-ven' '-ter) [bi, two; renter, a belly]. 1 1 a %
ing two bellies, as a muscle. B. cervicis, the inner
portion of the complexus muscle. B. maxillae, the
digastricus muscle.

Biventral [bi-ven' -tral) [bi, two; ren/rum.a. stomach].
Having two stomachs ; having two bellies ; as a digas-
tric muscle.

Bixin {piks'-in) [Bixa, a genus of plants], C1(;H ._,,./ >._,.
An orange-red coloring-matter found in Annatto.
Pigments, Conspectus of.

Bizygomatic (pi-zi-go-matf -ik) [/'/.two; rvyu/ia, the
zygomatic arch]. Relating to the most prominent
points on the two zygomatic arches.

Bizzozero's Blood-plates. See Blood-plates. B.
Method, a method of studying blood-plaques : A
drop of a three-quarter per cent, sodium chloric!
solution with one part of a concentrated aqueous
solution of methyl violet for every 5000 of salt solu-
tion, is placed on the finger, which is then punctured.
The blood and solution are mixed on the finger.

Bjeloussow's Gum Arabic and Borax Mass. lor
injecting tissues. Take one part, by weight, of gum
arabic and make a syrupy solution in water. Take a
half part, by weight, of sodium biborate and make a
solution in water. Mix the two solutions, when a
mass resembling gelatin will be obtained. This mass,
which is almost insoluble in water, is rubbed up with
water and forcibly strained through linen. Repeat
the operation, when a solution miscible in all propor-
tions with water is obtained. This may be colored by
carmin or any pigment except cadmium and cobalt.

Black (blah) [AS., bUcc\. Absence of color or light.
The appearance of an object from whose surface none
of the spectrum colors is reflected. B. Alder. See
Prinos. B. Antimony, antimonium tersulphid, Sb
S3. B. Ash, the bark of Fraxinus sambucifolia, a
mild tonic and astringent. Dose of fid. ext. !J ss— j.
Unof. B. Asphaltum. Same as Japan Black. B.
Birch. See Birch. B. Blood, venous blood. B.
Cancer. See Melanosis. B. Cohosh. See Cimici-
fuga. B.-damp, carbon dioxid gas, which is found
in greater or less quantity in all collieries, being given
off by many coals, either mixed with lire-damp, or
separately, or produced in various other ways, as by
the exhalations of the nun, by fires, ami by explo-
sions of fire-damp. Also called choke-damp. B.
Death. See Plague. B. Disease, I. A disease
of malarial origin and pernicious course, character-
ized by extreme darkening of the skin, which may
be brown or black in color. It occurs in the Garo
Hills in Assam. 2. See Aubernage. B. Draught.
See Senna. B. Drop. See Opium. B. Erysipe-
las. Synonym of Anthrax. B. Eye, Iivor (or
sugillatio) oculi. See Ecchymosis. B. Haw.
Viburnum. B.-head. See Comedo. B. Hellebore.
See Hellebore. B. Hoarhound. See Ballota. B.
Induration. See Induration. B. Infiltration. See
Miner's Phthisis. B. Jaundice, an excessive jaun-

|;l Ai KBERRY

'210

111. AM. ifKLE

dice arising from obstruction of the gall-ducts. The
color of the skm i- greenish-black. B. Lead, a form
of carbon properl) known as the mineral graphite
B.-Leg, i. A febrile, generally fatal disease, chiefly
cting cattle and sheep, which is characterized by the
rapid appearance of irregular nodules in the skin and
muscular tissues, that are at first tense and very pain-
ful, but rapidly become painless and crepitating. There
o enlargement of the spleen. It is caused byanae"-
lacilli. It i.- also called Symptomatic Anthrax.
2. A synonym of the severe form of Purpura. B.
Leprosy. - B. Measles, i. The local

ifornian name tor a disease of the grape, dm- to
:.'.,: (Viala and Sanragean).
2. Rubeola nigra ; a grave or malig-
nant form of measles. B. Pepper. See Piper nigrum.
B. Phthisis. A synonym of Miners' Asthma. B.
Quarter. Synonym of Anthrax. See also Black
B. Sampon. See Echinacea Angustifolia. B.
Snake-root. See Cimicifuga. B. Spauld. See
B. Spit. See Miner's Phthisis. B.
Sweat. See Chromidrosis. B. Tongue, I. See
2. A name given to a condition char-
acterized by the formation upon the dorsum of the
tongue of a hair-like deposit that passes through
various stages of coloration from yellow to brown
and finally black, ultimately disappearing by desqua-
mation as gradually as it came. Repeated recurrence
is the rule. It is probably an undue proliferation of
the epithelium, the result of irritation. 3. See Nigri-
t. A term applied to erysipelatous glossitis. B.
Vomit, the coffee-ground vomit of yellow fever, etc.
B. Walnut, the leaves of Juglans nigra, a tonic,
alterative and deobstruent. Dose of fid. ext. n\ xx-
\\\. Unof. B. Wash. See Hydrargyrum, B.
Willow, the buds of Salix nigra, a bitter tonic with
aphrodisiac properties. Dose of fid. ext. TT^ xv-^j.
Li.
Blackberry (blak' -ber-e) [AS.,blac: berie, berry]. See
Kui'i/s. B. Cordial, the cordiale rubifructus (X.F.).
It- formula is: blackberry juice, 3 pints; cinnamon
in coarse powder, 2 Tr. oz. ; cloves and nutmeg, in
coarse powder, each l/2 Tr. oz. ; dilute alcohol, 2
pints ; syrup, 3 pints.
Blackboy Gum. See Acaroid Rein.
Blackley Blue. Same as Soluble Blur.
Blackwater Fever (blak'-wat-er fe'-ver). See Fever.
Bladder (blad'-er) [AS., bladre, a blister]. The mem-
branous, sac-like reservoir or receptacle for the urine.
B., Atony of, inability to expel the urine, from de-
ficient muscular power. B., Catarrh of. See Cystitis.
B., Extrophy, or Extroversion of, absence of the
anterior wall of the bladder, and more or less de-
ency of the corresponding part of the abdomen. B.,
Fasciculated, the walls thrown into ridges by chronic
B. -green. See Pigment, Conspectus oj r. B.,
Hernia of. See Cystocele. B., Inflammation of.
See B , Inversion of, a protrusion or an

invagination of the bladder through the urethra. B.,
Irritable, a condition characterized by constant desire
to urinate. B., Neck of, the constricted portion con-
tinuous with the urethra in front. B., Nervous, a
condition in nervous patients in which there is a
quent desire to pass water, with inability at the
time to perform the act perfectly, and consequent
ght dribbling at its 1 B., Paralysis of, the same

symptoms as in atony, but more marked and due to
nervous or central disease. If affecting the neck

if the body of the organ.

n of urine. B., Sacculated, pouches formed

the hypertrophied muscular libers. B.

Senna, the plant Colutea a> ; its

leave-, are used ;b a substitute for senna. Unof.
B. Tetter. See Pemphigus. B., Trigone of, the
triangular, smooth surface upon the inner surface of
the base oi the bladder, immediately behind the
urethral orifice. B. Worm. See Worm. B.-
wort. See Utricularia. B. -wrack. Sec Fucus

.! tUS.

Bladdery Fever (blad'-er-e fever). : r.

Blade (".'</,/; [ME., blad, a leaf of grass]. In biology,
the broad part of a leaf. B.-bone. The scapula or
shoulder-blade.

Blaesitas (pie* -sit-as). See Blesitas.

Blain (bl&n) [ME. , blane, a blister]. 1. A blister; an
elevation of the cuticle containing serum. Synonym
of Anthrax. 2. A disease peculiar to the ox, marked
by sudden swelling oi the head, neck, and throat,
and by the development of several large vesicles on
the tongue that tend to cause suffo( ation.

Blainville's Ear. See Diseases, Table of, and I
I ': formities of.

Blair's Wheat Food. A variety of farinaceous food
for infant-.

Blake's Disc. A device used in treating purulent otitis
media. It is a paper disc pasted over the perforation
of the tympanic membrane after the discharge has
ceased.

Blanc (bloh{ng)) [Fr.]. White. B. d'argent. See
Pigment. B. fixe. Same as Permanent White.
B. -mange, a jelly-like food-preparation, having as
a basis gelatin, carragheen, isinglass, starch, or arrow-
root, boiled with milk and variously flavored.

Blancard's Pills. Tills containing the iodid of iron.

Bland (bland) [blandus, mild]. A term applied to
mild and soothing medicines and applications.

Blandin [blan'-din). See Glairin.

Blandin's Glands. See Gland. B.'s Operations.
See Operations, Table of.

Blanket (blanf-ket) [Fr. , blanc, white]. A woolen
covering, so called because originally of white color.
B. Bath. See Bath, Sheet or Pack.

Blasius's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Blastelasma (blas-tel-az' -mah) [Y/.aordq, a germ;
i'/aaua, plate : pi., Blastelasmata\. In embryology,
any secondary germ-layer appearing from, or later
than, the endoderm and ectoderm.

Blastema {blas-te* '-mah) [fiMorrifia from J/nnrnvne, to
germinate]. The formative lymph or pabulum of
capillary exudation. A synonym of protoplasm.

Blastemal (blas-te' -mal\ [ fflwaravetv, to germinate].
Of the nature of a blastema; pertaining to a blastema.

Blastematic (blas-tem-atf -ik) , or Blastematous (bias-
tem'-at-us) [3/aartirriv, to germinate]. Blastemal.

Blastemic (bias-tern' -ik) [ Vkaaravtiv, to germinate].
Relating to blastema ; rudimentary; bioplasmic.

Blastide (blas'-tid) [J/naror, a germ]. In embryolo-
gy, a very small clear spot on the fecundated ovum
marking the place of the nucleus or cytoblast.

Blasting Gelatin (plas'-ting jel' -at-in). (Jelatin
Dynamite. A mixture of about 80 parts of nitro
glycerin with 20 of nitro-cellulose. Any non-nitrated
ion or trinitro-cellulose interferes with the solution
of the nitro-glycerin. The addition of 4 per cent, of
camphor renders the mixture incapable of exploding
when -truck by a rille bullet, but it can be detonated
by a strong dynamite cap.

Blastocardia \blas-to-karf -de-ah) [/8/la<rr<Jc, a genu;
napdia, the heart]. The germinal spot,

Blastocarpous (blas-to-kar' -pus) [ftXaordg, a germ;
i7r<5c, a fruit]. In biology, developing in the fruit.

Blastocele [ l/uwrrdc, a germ; ium/Ioc, hol-

low]. The central cavity of the blastula or vesicular
morula.

BLASTOCHEME

'211

BLEEDING

Blastocheme [bias' -to- hi- m) \Ji7vaar6g , a germ ; >,Y'"'<
to hold, to have]. In biology, a medusifonn zodid
that gives origin to generative elements n<>i imme
diately, l>ut through the intervention of sexual buds.
(Allman.)

Blastochyle [bias' -to-kll) [fiXaordg, a germ; xv^S,
juice]. In biology, the colorless tluid in the blasto-
dermic vesicles.

Blastoccelum, Blastocceloma [blas-to-se'-lom, blas-to-
se-lo'-mah) . Same as Blastocele.

Blastocolla [blas-to-col'-aA) \fi7uaxsT6g, a shoot ; kh'/'/u,
glue]. In biology, the balsam produced on buds by
glandular hairs.

Blastocolysis [blas-to-kol-i' 'sis) [/3Aa<rn$c, a germ;
KdXovaig, a cutting off]. The arrest of a develop-
mental process.

Blastocyst [bios' -to-sist) \J$haoT6g, a germ; tcvarig, a
bladder]. The germinal vesicle.

Blastoderm [bios' -lo-derm) [i'/.aoroc; , a germ ; depfia,
the skin]. In embryology, the germinal membrane
formed by the cells of the morula, lying on the inter-
nal surface of the vitelline membrane of the impreg-
nated ovum. The whole hollow sphere, with its sur-
rounding cells, is called the blastodermic vesicle, and
is formed about the tenth day. The ectoderm (or epi-
blast ) and the endoderm [entoderm ox hypoblast) layers
are simply due to a proliferation of the blastodermic
cells about the germinal area, whereby the blastoderm
is doubled, thus forming these outer and inner layers.
The mesoblast or middle layer is developed after the
latter, and probably from the hypoblast.

Blastodermic [blas-to-der' '-mik) [jSAaortfc, a germ;
dipfia, the skin]. Relating to the blastoderm.

Blastodisc [blas'-to-disk) [J/.a<T-6c, a germ; fiionoc,
disc]. A blastodermic disc; amass or disc capping
one pole of the yolk.

Blastogenesis [blas-to-jen'-es-is) [ iAaoroc, a germ ;
yiveair, generation]. In biology, Weismann's theory
of origin from, germ-plasm [a. v.) in contradistinction
to Darwin's theory of Pangenesis.

Blastogeny [blas-toj'-en-e) [J/.ncrroc, a germ; yh
generation]. Haeckel's term for the germ-history of
an individual organism ; a division of ontogeny.

Blastoma [blas-to'-mah) [o'/«otoc, a germ; buu, a
tumor: //., Blastomata~\. A granular growth due to
the presence of a germ or microorganism.

Blastomatic [blas-to-maf -ik) [ i'/aaruq, a germ; bua, a
tumor]. Relating to a blastoma.

Blastomere [bias' -to-nter) [J/noroc, a germ ; pkpoq, a
part]. Any one of the nucleated cells or segments
into which the fecundated vitellus divides.

Blastomeric [blas-to-mer'-ik) [/JAaordc, a germ ; uipor,
a part]. Relating to or of the character of a blasto-
mere.

Blastoneuropore [blas-to-nu' -ro-por) [ T/.aaroQ , a germ ;
veiipov, a nerve; irbpoq, a pore]. In biology, the tem-
porary aperture in certain embryos formed by the
coalescence of the blastopore and neuropore.

Blastophore [bios' -to-for) \_Q1xust6z a germ ; oipetv, to
bear]. That part of a sperm-cell that does not be-
come converted into spermatozoa.

Blastophyllum [blas-to-fil' -um) [/JAacrrdc, a germ;
0i>AAov, a leaf: pi., Blastopkylla~\. An endoderm or
an ectoderm ; a primitive germ-layer.

Blastophyly [blas-toff ' -il-e) [/}Anor<5c, a germ ; or///,
a tribe]. The tribal history of individual organ-
isms.

Blastopore [blas'-to-por] [ Ykaorbg, a germ ; ~
passage, pore]. In biology, the primitive mouth or
archistome, the orifice to the two-layered embryo
[blastula). "The blastopore is the small opening
which leads into the notochordal canal, or after the

canal has fused with the yolk cavity, lead- into the
archenteron. It i.-. Htuated at the hind I the

primitive axis (head-process) and marks the anterior
boundary of the anus ol Rusconi in amphibia, or oi
the primitive streak, properlj so-called, of amniota."
(Minot). "Van Beneden's blastopore" is formed
previously to the blastodermic cavity.

Blastosphere [bios' -lo-s/er) [ JAatrnJc, a germ ; -
a sphere]. In biology, the "blastula," "germinal
vesicle," or "vesicular germ." A hollow sphere
composed of a single, simple layer of germinal cells.
A vesicular morula.

Blastostyle [bios' -to-stil) [ JAaardf, a germ ; arvAog,
a pillar]. In biology, a columnar zodid devoted to
the origination of sexual bud-,.

Blastula [blas'-tu-lah) [dim. of . a germ: //.,

'//'.]. In embryology, •• The earlic-t form of

the- diaderm, a simple epithelial v. dele, the cavity of

which is the large segmentation cavity " (Minot). Cf.

Blastosph

Blastulation [blas-tu-la' -shon) [dim. of QAaarbq, a
germ]. In embryology, the conversion of a morula
or mulberry-germ into a blastula or vesicular germ.

Blatta [blat'-ah) [L. , " blood-colored"]. A genus of
the Blattidic. B. (Periplaneta) orientalis, the cock-
roach ; the powdered body of the cockroach. A pop-
ular remedy for dropsy among Russian peasants. It
increases the amount of urine and diminishes the
amount of albumin. Dose gr. iv-xx. Unof. See
Antihydropin.

Blaud's Pill. A pill containing sulphate of iron and
carbonate of potash; for use in amenorrhea, etc. See
Pill.

Bleach (blecli) [ME., blechen, to make white]. To make
white or pale, to diminish the intensity of color.
Bleached Lac. See Lac. Bleaching Powder,
chlorinated lime, a mixture of calcium chlorid and
calcium hypochlorite, containing free chlorin gas. It
is much used as a disinfectant. Bleaching Fluid,
eau de Javelle, a similar composition obtained by pass-
ing chlorin gas into an emulsion of calcium hydrate.
The most important bleaching agents are the follow-
ing : BLEACHING AGENTS. — Acids: Hydrochloric,
Nitric, Sulphuric; Carbonate of Potassium (K2C03) ;
its value depends upon the percentage of carbonate it
contains; Caustic Soda (NaOH), a coarse white
powder ; Chlorid of lime, a white powder with a chlo-
rinous odor ; it is the most important of all ; Hydr
dioxid (H202), a colorless, odorless liquid. It is
called "Golden Hair-dye; " Permanganate of Potas-
sium (K .,Mn.,()J : Soaps: Tallow. Rosin, and Olive
Oil; Soda Ash (Xa,CO.(); its value depends <>n the
amount of Na,< ) it contains ; Soda Crystals (Xa,C03.-
ioH20).

Bleacher's Eczema [blech'-erz ek'-zem-ah). Eczema
of the hands of bleachers, due to their continuous im-
mersion in hot water and strong lye.

Blear Eye (bler'-i). See Blepharitis ulcerosa.

Bleb (bUb i. See Bulla.

Blebby [bleb'-e) {Scotch, bleb, " a blister "]. Covered
with blebs.

Blechropyra [blek-ropr" -ir-ah) \_A'/i,\.>--, mild ;
heat], A transient fever ; a febricula.

Blechrosphygmia [blek-ro-sfig1 '-me-aA) ' vpoc,
weak ; rr,,r- ui.r, pulse]. Weakness or slowness of the
pulse.

Bleed [bled) [AS., bledan, to bleed]. To shed or give
vent to blood.

Bleeders [ble'-derz) [AS., bledan. to bleed]. A popular
term for those who are subjects of the hemorrhagic
diathesis. B.'s Disease. See Hemophilia.

Bleeding [bW-ding). See Bloodletting and Hemorrhage.

II EMMA fROPE

2 1 .'

BLEPHAR( (PLASTIC

Blemmatrope iretv,

to turn]. An apparatus u>r the various posi-

tions >>i tli>-- eye in it~ orbit.

Blennadenh:^ , mucus;

• i 1]. Inflammation <>i' the mucous glands and

Blennelytria mucus ;

Blennemesis m

to vomit].
Blennemetic «, mucus ;

to vomit! . Relating to or of the nature ofblenn

Blennenteria

mucus ;

]. A mucous diarrhea or dysentery.

Blennenteritis mucus;

, intestin inflammation], i. Enteritis

with a of mucus. J. Inflammation

of the mucous membrane of the bowel.

Blennentery Same as Blennenteria.

Blennogenic. or Blennogenous [blen-o-jen'-ik, or

. mucus ; ytveatg, production],
l'r mu ii- ; muciparous.

BlennoiJ . mucus; eldor, form].

Res : myxoid ; muciform ; mucoid.

Blennoma , mucus; bfia, a tumor:

.-]. i. A mucous polypus. 2. A
myxoma.
Blennometritis [blen-o-me-tri' -tis) [3/dvva, mucus;
nflammation] . Catarrhal metritis.
Blennophthalmia f thal'-me-ak) [i/

mu .. disease of the eyes]. Catarrhal

conjunctivitis.
Blennoptysis 1 ///en- p'-tis-is) [■>'/■■ vru, mucus; -r'vaig,

a spitting]. Bronchial mucous expectoration.
Blennorrhagia (blen-or \ [(itewa, mucus;

at, to burst forth]. An excessive catarrhal dis-
charge from the urethra or vagina. Sec Gonorrhea.
Blennorrhagic [blen-or-af -jik) [fitevva, mucus; prjy-

to burst forth]. Relating to blennorrhagia.
Blennorrhea ih) [i/.'fra, mucus ; pietv, to

ia.
Blennorrheal // or-e'-al) [ . mucus; pieiv, to

. ]. Relating to blennorrhea.
Blennorrhinia [blen-or-in' '-e-ah) \_3tevva> mucus ; 'pig,

the nose]. Coryza ; nasal catarrh.
Blennosi- f-sis) \_fi7thrva, mucus ; vdaog, disease :

]. Any disease of a mucous membrane.
Blennostasi- '-tas-is) [ Itevva, mucus ; gt

a staying]. The checking or suppression of any mu-
is dischai
Bl.nnostatic . ' | ■' '.mucus; ariimr,

staying]. I ting a blennostasis ; checking mu-

Blennothorax mt, mucus;

\]. Pulmonary catarrh.

Blennotorrhe , ' ■ , [ ; -..,■, mucus; ovg,

ear : ■ . ]. A mucous discharge from the ear.

Blennozemia mucus ; 0

Blennuria blen-u' mucus; oi

urine]. Th in the urine.

Blennymenitis (bl-n-im mucus;

m of any mucous sur-

Blephara Plural of Blepharon, a. v.

Blepharadenitis the

eyelid ; I mmation 1 >l the Meibi in

glat.
Blepharal . the eyelid]. I:

ing to an eyelid or to the eyelids.
Blepharanthracosis [bUf-ar-an-thrak-o'-si

the eyelid ; avOpAxuaig, a charring; carbunculization].
1 larbum ular inflammation of the eyelid.

Blepharedema [blcf-ar-e-de* -mah 1 [ I . the eye-

lid ; oifo/fia, a swelling]. Swelling or edema of the
eyelids.

Blepharelosis [blef-ar-el-o1 '-sis) [ , the eyelid ;

:. to roll]. Synonym of Entropion.

Blepharemphysema [blef-ar-em fi.s-e'-mah) [ I

an inflation]. Emphysema of an
eyelid.

Blepharis [blef -ar-is) [dfefapig, an eyelash]. An
eyelash.

Blepharism [bleff-ar-izm) \_3'/>q>api^etv, to wink].
Rapid involuntary winking; morbidly excessive nicti-
tatjpn.

Blepharitic [blef-ar-if '-ih) [ ' . the eyelid ; irn;,

inflammation]. Relating to or affected with blepharitis.

Blepharitis [blef-ar-i' '-tis) [ I . the eyelid; trig,

inflammation]. Inflammation of the eyelids. B.
ciliaris, tarsal ophthalmia ; a pustular disease of the
border of the eyelids, often the result of local irrita-
tion arising from habits of uncleanliness. B. margi-
nalis, inflammation seated at the marginal border of
the lids. B. ulcerosa, an ulcerative inflammation of
the eyelids.

Blepharo-adenitis [blef -ar-o-ad-en -if-tis). See Bleph-
aradenitis.

Blepharo-adenoma [blef -ar-o-ad-en-o/ -mah) [ I
apov, the eyelid; a&nv, a gland; ofia, a tumor : pi.,
Blcpharo-adenomata\ An adenoma on the ciliary
margin of the eyelid.

Blepharo atheroma {plef ' -ar-o-ath-er-o* '-mah) [

, , an eyelid ; aO/jpuua, a tumor full of gruel-like
matter]. An atheromatous tumor imbedded in the
tarsus of the lid ; it is cystic and contains a semifluid
detrital substance.

Blepharochromidrosis [blef '-ar-o-kro-mid-ro' '-sis) [ M >'-
>ov, the eyelid; xP(J!mi color; idp&g, sweat].
Colored sweat of the eyelids, usually of a bluish
tint.

Blepharocleisis [blef -ar-o-klif -sis) [ I , the eye-

lid ; d/:ic,tr, closure]. Ankyloblepharon; abnormal
closure of the eyelids.

Blepharodyschrea [blef-ar-o-dis-kre,-ah), or Blepha-
rodyschroia [blef-ar-o-dis-kroi' -ah) [fiXefapov, the
eyelid; 6vg-, bad; XP°"'li color]. Discoloration of
the eyelid from nevus or from any other cause.

Blepharoedema [blef-ar-o-e-def-mah). See Blephare-
dema.

Blepharolithiasis [blef ' -ar-o-lith-V -as-is) \ <v, the

eyelid; Tudog, a stone]. The formation of marginal
concretions within the eyelid.

Blepharon [hlcf-ar-on) \fi7Jktyapaw, the eyelid: pi. ,
Blepharal- The eyelid ; palpebra.

Blepharoncus [blef-ar-ong' -kits) \ji7Jktyapw, the eye-
lid; ■ of, an enlargement]. A swelling of the eve-
lid.

Blepharopachynsis (blef-ar-o-pak-in' -sis) [ i'/ix>apnv,
the eyelid; waxvg, thick]. .Morbid thickening of the
eyelid.

Blepharophimosis [blef-ar-o-fi-mo* '-sis) [ i?J</tapov, the
eyelid; <j>ifiaaig, a shutting up]. Abnormal -mallness
of the palpebral openings.

Blepharophryplastic [blef-ar-o-frip-las'-tik) \fihk$apov,
the eyelid; oppvg, brow; KAaaTikSg, plastic]. Per-
taining to the pla>tie surgery of the lid and eyebrow.

Blepharophyma [blef-ar-o-fi'-mah) [ \tefapov, the eye-
lid ; <i< im, a growth: pi., Blepharophymata\ A
tumoi of, or outgrowth from, the eyelid.

Blepharoplastic {blef-ar-o-plas' -Hk) \fi"kktyapm>, the
lid; ir'AaoTindg, plastic]. Pertaining to blepharo-
plasty.

BLEPHAROPLASTY

BLl l( >li

Blepharoplasty (blef -ar-o-plas-te) [ IXeQapav, the eye-
lid; TvXdaaeiv, to form]. An operation for the l"i
mation of any part of the eyelid destroyed by ground
or lesion, by engrafting or transplanting from a con-
tiguous healthy part.

Blepharoplegia (blef-ar-o-ple' -je-ah) [/Mi0apov, the eye-
lid ; t//,;/,, a stroke]. Paralysis of an eyelid.

Blepharoptosis | t at op-t ' rw)| Xkztyapov, the eyelid;
KTuotg, a fall]. Ptosis of an upper eyelid. See/',

Blepharopyorrhea (blef-ar-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [ Xkktyapov,
the eyelid ; -im- pus; fieeiv, to flow]. A How of pus
from the eyelid.

Blepharorrhaphy (blef-ar-or' -a-fe) [ IXeifiapov, the eye
lid; pa<pr/, a seam]. The stitching together of a part
of the blepharal slit.

Blepharorrhea (blef-ar-or-e' -ah) [(3Xi<papov, the eyelid;
fioia, a flow]. A discharge from the eyelid.

Blepharospasm (blef -ar-o-spaztn) [{itefapov, the eye-
lid; a-arriu6g, a spasm]. Spasm of the orbicularis
palpebrarum muscle. Excessive winking.

Blepharospath (blef -ar-o-spath) [ 3'/ toapuv, the eyelid;
cnrdtii,-, a blade]. A forceps for taking up or holding
an artery; for use in operations on the eyelid.

Blepharostat (blef-ar-o-stat) [3?it<t>apov, the eyelid ;
larurai, to cause to stand]. An instrument for hold-
ing the eyelids apart or firm whilst performing opera-
tions upon the eyes or lids.

Blepharostenosis (blef-ar-o-ste-no'-sis) [ft/tttiapov , the
eyelid ; arevor, narrow]. Diminution of the space
b< tween the eyelids.

Blepharosynechia (blef-ar-o-sin-ek-i'-ah) [3/J<papov,
the eyelid ; awixeui, a holding together]. The adhe-
sion or growing together of the eyelids.

Blepharotomy (blef-ar-of -o-me) \_3/J(papov, the eyelid ;
re/iveiv, to cut]. Incision into the eyelid. B., Ob-
lique. Sphincterotomy, or Stell wag's operation.
See Operations, Tabic of. <

Blesitas (ble' -sit-as) \blcesus, a lisping]. Stammering
or lisping ; the use of a vocalized consonant instead
of a mute ; as b {or p. Also the condition of one with
distorted limbs. Applied also to an angular curvature
of the spine. The term is loosely used.

Blessed Thistle, (pies' -ed this' -1} . See Carduus.

Blight (bltt) [origin unknown]. A partial paralysis of
certain facial nerves, arising from sudden or extreme
cold. B. of the Eye, an extravasation of blood
within the conjunctiva.

Blind (Hind) [AS., blind]. Without sight. Deprived
of sight. B. Spot, that part of the area of the fundus
of the eye where the optic nerve enters. B. Staggers.
See Staggers.

Blinder (blind'-er) [AS., blind]. A shield worn before
an eye, to temporarily throw it out of function. See
Gould, Method of. B. Treatment of monocular
amblyopia. See Gould, Method of.

Blindness (bhnd'-nes) [AS., blind]. Want of vision.
Color-B., subnormal perception of colors. This con-
dition is found in about 4 per cent, of people, is more
frequent in men than in women, and is probably due to
non-exercise of the color sense. Complete Color-
B. is very rare, the different colors probablv appear-
ing as different intensities or shades of white light. In
Partial Color-B. subnormal perception of red is the
most frequent, green, blue and yellow, respectively,
being next in order. Tests for Color-B. usually
consist in matching and classifying colored yarns.
Cortical B., I!. due to lesion of the cortical center
of vision. Day-B. Site Nyctalopia. Mind-B. See
Psychic B. Moon-B., a rare condition of retinal
anesthesia said to be due to exposure of the eves to the
moon's rays in sleeping. Night-B. See Hemera-
lopin. B., Object-. See Apraxia. Psychic B.,

loss ol conscious visual sensation from destruction of
the cerebral visual center; there is sight but not recog-
nition. Snow-B., photo unctivitisi
to exposure of the eyes to the glare ol sunlight upon
-now. B., Word-. See Apha

Blister (bits' -ter) [ME., bh t j A vesicle

resulting from the exudation ol Ruid betv

the epidermis and true skin. Also the agent by whi< h
the blister is produced. B., Fly, a beetle, (

iria, the body of which 1 is a blistering

agent; a blister of cantharides. B., Flying, a blister
that remains long enough to produce redness of the
skin and not vesication. B. Test, for gout. The
serum from a blister in a gouty individual will yield
crystals of uric acid when examined b) Garrod
test (a. v.), only, however, when the blister is situated
at a distance from the affected joint. According to
Garrod the acid cannot be detected in the fluid from
a blister in the neighborhood of the gouty articulation,
and he infers that gouty inflammation causes a local
destruction of uric acid.

Blistering (bits' -ter-ing) [ME., blister, a vesicle].
Forming a vesicle upon the skin. B. Collodion, a
solution of cantharidin in ether. B. Liquid. Same
as />'. Collodion. B. Paper, paper saturated with
cantharides; used for producing vesication.

Bloat (blot) [M.E. , blote, swelling]. 1. Puffiness; edema;
turgidity from any cause, as from anasarca. 2. A form
of colic in the horse produced by tympanitic distention
of the intestines. Also called Wind Colic.

Block (blok) [ME., blok, a piece of wood]. In dentistry
a mass of gold foil for filling teeth, made by folding a
tape of foil upon itself several times by means of pliers.
B. Teeth. Two or more artificial teeth carved from
a piece of ivory, or carved or moulded from a mass of
porcelain paste and afterwards baked and enamelled.
B. Teeth, Biscuiting, or Crucing of. The teeth,
after being moulded or carved, are placed on a slide
and put in the muffle of a furnace and subjected to a
bright-red heat, by which process the particles become
sufficiently agglutinated and hardened to receive the
enamel. This is called biscuiting or crucing.

Blond [blond) [Fr., blond, light, fair]. I. Eight com-
plexioned ; fair. 2. A person with a fair complexion.

Blood (blud) [ME , blood]. The fluid that circulates
through the heart, arteries, and veins, supplying nutri-
tive material to all parts of the bod v. In the human
being the blood of the arteries is bright-red ; that of
the veins dark-red. Blood consists of colorless plasma
in which are suspended the red and colorless corpus-
cles. When exposed to the air it coagulates, forming
a red-clot and a yellowish fluid called serum. Healthy
blood consists of 79 per cent of water, and 21 per cent,
solids. B. -Casts, tube-
casts to which red blood
corpuscles are attached.
B. -Corpuscles, small,
circular, biconcave discs
floating in the blood. Red
corpuscles are circular in
mammals (except the
camel,, and elliptical in
birds and reptiles. In
man they are about -. .',T!T
inch in diameter and

rAo<r incn thick.
iscles

( Color-
less corpuscles are about
one-third larger in diame-
ter and comparatively few.
I he) exhibit movemi
similar to those of atnebee.
The coloring-matter of the B. is found in a substance

Human Colored Blood-
corpuscles.

I, on the flat; 2, on edge;
3, rouleau of corpuscles.
terLandois.)

l;l OOD1 ESS

21 i

BLUMENB \< II. ( I 1\ I s OF

known as hemoglobin . and is said to be due to minute
quantities of the salts of iron. B.-cure, the therapeutic
employment of fresh blood, mainly that of bulloi

Hi man Red Blood-
magmfied 500 times).
diamett 1 'ter Landois.)

B. -crystals, crystals of a substance known as hema-
lin. B.. Defibrinated, freshly shed blood that has
n beaten with a glass rod or tongs until the fibrin
all adhered to the rod in the form of a solid,
fibi -h-white. elastic mass. B. -flower.

B. -fluke. See Bilharzia Hematobia.
B., Gases of. certain gases given off when blood is
exposed to the vacuum produced by an air-pump.
They are carbonic acid, nitrogen, and oxygen, and
stitute about half of the volume of the blood.*
B. -globules. Same as B .-corpuscles. B.-heat, a
temperature varying from 980 to 100° F. B. -islands,
a term applied I roups of corpuscles developed

during the first days of embryonic life, within the
large branched cells of the mesoblast. B., Loss of.
hage. B.-mole, in obstetrics, a mole
consisting of the decidua only, interspersed with effu-
is of blood, the fetus having been expelled. B.-
plaque. See B. -platelets. B. -plasma, the liq
sanguinis, or fluid part of the blood. B. -plate. See
B .-platelets. B. -platelets ; besides the red and col-
orless corpuscles, the blood contains smaller formed
elements, concerning which there arc many theories
and names. Hayem describes Hematoblasts ; Pouches
describes Globulins : Max Schultze, Kornchen 1 ele-
mentary bodies 1 ; llizzozero, Blut-plattchen, or Blood-
itelets. They are circular or oval, light gray, and in
human blood destitute of nuclei. They are from I to
I.3 11 in size, there being from 18,000 to 300,000
in the cubic millimeter. B. -poisoning, a common
term denoting any ailment arising from the intro-
duction of decomposing organic matter or putrefac-
tive germs into the blood. See Anthrax, Pyemia
and Septicemia. B. -pressure, the force of compres-
n exerted by the blood upon the walls of the vessels
ler the influence of the heart's action, the elastic
walls, etc. Various instruments have been devised to
mate the amount of this pressure, the Hemadynamo-
nut Pot uille, Ludzvig's Kymograph, Lick's

■ '. . '. Basch? s Sphygmomanometer, the
aph, etc. B.-root. See S,m-
B.-shot, extravasated with blood. B-
spavin. See Spavin. B. -stone. See Conspeclu

tnder Pigment. B. -striking. Synonym
of Anthrax. See also Black-leg. B. -tablet.

td-plale. B. -tumor. See Hematoma. B. -ves-
sel, a tube-like structure for conveying the blood
thri 1 lody. < f. . Xrterv ami / 'ein.

Bloodless [blud'-les) [ME., blood]. Without bl
B. Operations, surgical operations, such as amputa-
tions, in which the member is so bandaged by com
presses and bands that the blood is expelled

and kept from the part to be operated upon.
Bloodletting [M.E., blood; leten]. The

artificial abstraction of blood from the body. B., Gen-
eral, vent section or phlebotomy; it acts by redu
iid diminishing the quantit)
od. It is occasionally used with excellent results in

pneumonia, sunstroke, etc. B., Local or Topical.
Cupping, Leeching or Scarification. It is useful in
; tain inflammatory conditions.

Bloody (blud'-e) [ME., blood.] Having the nature of.
or filled with blood. B. Flux. See Dysentery. B.
Milk. See Red Milk Bacillus and Bacteria, Sy
nymatic, Table of. B. Murrain. Synonym of
Anthrax. B. Sweat. See Ephidrosis.

Bloom [/'tun/) [ME., blew, a blossom], 1. A blossom
2. A state of health. 3. See Lubricating Oils.

Blossom [bios' -um )[M E.,blosso/ne,a flower]. In biology,
11) the flower of a plant ; (2) to put forth flowers.

Blotch (/'/,'<//) [origin uncertain]. A pimple or blain ;
a small discolored patch of skin; a group of small
pustules.

Blow (bio) [AS., blovan]. I. To pant. 2. To deposit
eggs up< in, as flies.

Blowing Sound. See Bellows Murmur.

Blown (Hon) [ME., blowen]. In farriery, with the
stomach distended from gorging with food. B. Meat,
meat that has been blown up with air in order to give
it a wdiite color ami to hide delects in its condition.

Blow-pipe [blof-pip). A cylindrical tube, from twelve
to eighteen inches long, about half an inch in diame-
ter at one end, and gradually tapering to a tine point
or nozzle, which may be straight 01 bent at a right
angle; it is used in directing the flame of a lamp in a

" fine conical tongue. B., Automaton, in dentistry, a
blow-pipe especially designed for crown and bridge-
work, into which the air is admitted and conducted
through a small tube to the uj I of another

which admits illuminating gas. The supply of both
air and gas is regulated by the presssure of the thumb
or fingers on the rubber tubes of the appliance. B.,
Oxyhydrogen, an apparatus for producing inti □
heat by burning hydrogen or illuminating gas at the
end of a mixing nozzle.

Bloxam's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Blue (bloo) [ME., blew]. One of the colors of the
spectrum. B., Alexandria. Same as Egyptian Blur.
B.-Baby, a child with blue disease. B. -bottle. Si e
Centaurea. B. Blindness, acyanopsia. B. Cohosh.
See Caulophyllum. B. Disease, cyanosis of the
new-born, due fri quently to congenital disease of
the heart. This usually consists in constriction of
the pulmonary artery with deficiency in the septum
of the ventricles, the aorta communicating with
the right ventricular cavity. See Cyanopathy. B.
Flag. Sec Iris. B. Gentian, the root of Gentiana
catesbai, tonic and stomachic. Dose of fid. ext.
m^ x-xl. Unof. B. Gum. See Gingival. B. Gum
Tree. See Eucalyptus. B. Cardinal Flower.
Synonym of Lobelia syphilitica. B. Edema, a pulled
and bluish appearance of the limb sometimes seen in
hysterical paralysis. B. Jaundice. See Acleitocar-
ilia. B. Line. See Lead Lin,-. B. Malachite.
Same as Azurite. B. Mass. See Hydrargyrum.
B.-milk Bacillus, Bacillus cyanogenus ; it imparts a
blue color to milk and renders it irritating to the
stomach and intestine. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
'/'able of. B. Ocher. See Conspectus of Pigments
under Pigment. B. Ointment. See Hydrargyrum.
B. Pill. See Hydrargyrum. B., Prussian. See
Pigment. B. Stick. Same ;i- /,'. Stone. B. Stone.
Copper and />'. Vitriol. B. Verditer. Same as
Bremen Blue. B. Vervain. See Verbena. B.
Vitriol. See Conspe Ht ' Pigments, under Pigment.

Blues (blooz) [Ml ]• A popular name for short

periods of mental depression; they are usually a
ciated with indigestion.

Blumenbach, Clivus of. See Clivus. B., Plane of.
See Plane.

HLL'NT-IKidK

215

BOND! ' Ml'.DS

Blunt-hook (plunk? -hook) . An obstetric instrument,
used mainly in embryotomy.

Blunzen (blunz' '-en) [Ger.]. A peculiar Wurtemberg
sausage, made by filling the Stomachs of hogs with
meat, and cured by a method favoring putrefaction.
This is the must common source of sausage-poisoning.
See Allantiasis and Botulismus.

Blushing (blush'-ing) [ME., blushen, to glow]. I he
reddening of the face through shame, modesty, or
confusion. See Rubor.

Boa (bo'-ah) [L]. An ancient name applied to various
eruptions and eruptive diseases, as measles, smallpox,
bydroa, syphilis. B. Vista Fever. See Icier.

Boas's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Boat-belly (bot'-bel-e). See Scaphoid Abdomen.

Bobb's Operation. See Operations, Tabl

Bochdalek's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. B's
Pseudo-ganglion. Set- Pseudo-ganglion.

Bock, Nerve of. See Nerves, Table of .

Bockhart's Blood-serum Mercury. A mercurial used
in the treatment of syphilis. It is prepared as follows
from the blood of sheep, horses, or oxen : IOj4 drams
of blood-serum, sterilized after Koch's method, are
placed in a graduated glass, and then mixed with a
solution of 45 grains of bichlorid of mercury dis-
solved in one ounce of boiling distilled water. The
precipitate formed is redissolved by the addition of 105
grains of chlorid of sodium, dissolved in live drams
of distilled water. This compound is then a three per
cent, solution of blood-serum mercury. By adding
enough distilled water to make six ounces five drams,
we have the solution generally used, containing one
and one-half per cent of the mercurial salt. Injections
of 15 minims (containing one-quarter grain of subli-
mate, combined with albumin) are made daily.

Bodo {bo' -do) [L.]. A genus of flagellate protozoans.
B. saltans has been reported as living in great num-
bers in unhealthy ulcerations. B. urinarius has
been found in the urine of cholera-patients.

Body (bod'-e) [AS., bodig"]. I. The animal frame with
its organs. Also a cadaver or corpse. 2. This term
is applied by the manufacturer of porcelain teeth to the
parts composing the principal portion of the artificial
organ. 3. The tube of a microscope, including the
draw-tube ; it is the tube receiving the ocular at one end
and the objective at the other. See also Corpus, and
Corpora. B. Cells. See Heredity. B. Louse. See
Pediculus. B. -plasm. See Somatoplasm, under Here-
dity. B., Sub-thalamic. See Luys, Body of.

Boeckel's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Boerhaave, Glands of. See Gland.

Bog (bog) [E. dial.]. To ease the body by stool.

Bog (bog) \Ga.t\., bogan, a bog]. Ground that is wet
and spongy. B.-bean. See Buckbean. B. -spavin.
See Spavin.

Bogue's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bohm's Acid Carmin. See Stains, Table of. B.'s
Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Bohmer's Hematoxylin Solution. See Stains,
Table of.

Bohun Upas (bo/-hun-u/-pas). See Antiar and Upas.

Boil (boil) [ME., boile\ A furuncle ; a localized inflam-
mation of the skin and subcutaneous connective tissue
attended by the formation of pus. See Furunculus.
B., Aleppo or B., Delhi, a peculiar ulcerative affection
endemic in India, due to a specific and pathogenic mi-
crobe. It has been proposed by Ileydenreich to call
this Tropical Boil. Other names are Penjdi h Boil and
Bouton Biskra. B. -plague. Synonym of Anthrax.

Boiled Oil. Linseed oil that has been heated to a
high temperature (1300 C. and upward), while a
current of air is passed through or over the oil, and

ilr temperature increased until the oil begins to
effervesce from evolution of products of decomposi-
tion. B.-sago Matter. Vitreous-looking bodies fre-
quently seen in the stool s of dysentery. They are
simply granules of starch ingested as food and remain-
ing partially or wholly undigested. They are also
called Frog f-spawn matter.

Boiler-makers' Deafness. See Deafness.

Boiling (boil'-ing) [ME., boilen, to stir]. The vapori-
zation of a liquid when it gives off vapor having the
~ame tension as the surrounding air. Most tiss
animal and vegetable, are softened and rendered more
or less soluble by boiling. Albumin and most albu-
minoids, however, are rendered insoluble. The tem-
perature of boiling water at the level of the sea is
2120 F. (loo° C.) ; it decreases with increasing alti-
tude. B. Test. See Tests, 'Table of.

Boissons (bwak' '-song) [/•>'•]• Cheap fermented liquors
made from raisins or other dried fruit- to which sweet-
ened water is added and fermentation allowed.

Bola (bo'-lah). See Myrrh.

Bolary (bo/-lar-e) \bolus, clay]. Of the nature of bole.

Bolax (bo'-laks). See Balsam-bog. B. Gum. See
Balsam-bog.

Bolbomelanoma (bol-bo-mel-an-o'-mah) [.W.'Wr, a
bulb; fte/Avufia, blackness]. Melanotic carcinoma of
the eyeball.

Boldin (boV-din). See Boldus.

Boldo (bol'-do). See Boldus. B.-glucine, an aro-
matic glucosid obtained from Peumus boldo and other
species. It is a hypnotic in doses of gr. xx-^j.
L nof.

Boldoa (boV-do-ah) [Chilian, Bo!du~\. A genus of
monimiaceous trees. B. fragrans, the tree Peumus
boldo. See Boldus.

Boldus (bol' -dus) [I-.]. Boldo. The leaves and
stems of an evergreen, Peumus boldo, native to Chili
and vicinity, sometimes used in anemia and general
debility as a substitute for quinin. It contains a
bitter alkaloid, Boldin, an hypnotic in doses of gr. iij.
B., Ext., Fid. Dose mj-iv. B., Tinct., contains
20 per cent, of the drug. Dose tTLv-viij.

Bole (bol) [ "'/'»;, a clod of earth]. I. A translucent,
soft variety of clay formerly much used in medicine,
internally as an astringent, externally as an absorbent.
Dose gr. v-x. Several varieties are used, as the
Armenian bole; the Lemnian, and the trench bole.
2. A bolus. See Bolus.

Boletus (bo-le'-tuA [ }>(.l/i-r,r, a kind of mushroom].
A genus of fungi, some species of which are edible,
while others are highly poisonous. None is official.

Bologna (bo-Ion' -yah \ [It ]. A city of northern Italy.
B. Lime. Same as Vienna White. B. Phosphorus,
a sulphid of barium, having the property of emitting
a pale, feeble light in the dark.

Bolus (bo'-lus) [L. : pi., Bolt; Eng. pi. , Boluses]. A
mass of medicine exhibited in the form of a large pill.

Bombardier Beetle (bom-bar-dir be'-tl). See Brach-
enin.

Bombax ( bom'-baks) \bombyx, cotton]. A genus of
huge tropical malvaceous trees of many
Some of these trees afford demulcent diuretic medi-
cines. Mocmain, </. v., is a product of B. malabaricum.

Bombus (bom'-bus) [ J6fi toe, a humming sound]. A
ringing or buzzing sound in the ears ; tinnitus. Also
a sonorous movement or rumbling flatus of the
intestines : borborygmus.

Bona Fever (bo/-nahfe/-ver). See Fever.

Bonbon (bon'-bon) [Fr.]. A confection. B., Pectoral,
a meditated antibechic confection.

Bond's Operation. See Operations. Table of .

Bonduc Seeds (bon'-duk sedz). See Bonducella.

B< (NDUCELLA

216

Bl »R< >N

Bonducella [bon-du [I ..]. Bonduc Si

l'h,. . .i tropical plum.

It is .1 bitter tonic and antiperiodic in intermittent
fevers. Dose gr. x-xv.b B., Pulv., Comp., contains
bonduc and black pepper. Dose gr. xv-xx.

Bone [AS i bone]. A hard tissue that

the framework <>r skeleton of the body.
It ;s mainly of tri-calcium phosphate and

usually consists of a compact outer
mass ■! with i, surrounding a reticu

lated inner -tincture that encloses a central cavity
filled with marrow. A transverse section of a long
bone shows bone-tissue to be composed of a number
of ircular /one-, each having a central tube,

the Ha anal, through which the blood circu-

lates. Surrounding the Haversian canal are con
trically arranged belts of oblong spaces called lacuna-,
h lacuna is the nutlet of a number of canaliculi,
through which the nutrition i- conveyed to all parts
of the bone. A table of bone- i- appended. B. Ash,
the calcic phosphate remaining after bones have been
incinerated. B. Binder. See Osteocolla. B. -black.
ie as Animal Black. B. -brown. See Pigments,
B. Cartilage. See Ostein. B.-
conduction, the transmission of sound-waves to the
auditory nerve by means of sonorous vibrations com-
municated to the bones of the skull, the impression
reaching the nerve in part directly and in part by
way of the tympanic structure. The tuning-fork is
the instrument most commonly used as a test of bone-
aduction. Bone-eonduction is lost or diminished
in many of the typical labyrinthine lesions, e. g. , in
true Meniere- disease. See Air- conduction. B.
Earth. See Ossiterra. B., Epipteric [«rt, upon;
. a wing], a small Wormian bone sometimes
found between the great wing of the sphenoid and the
anterior interior angle of the parietal. B.-fat, a
whitish-yellow fat obtained by boiling bones. It is
used in soap making. B. -gelatin. See Gelatin. B.-
glue. See Glu . B. incarial. See Incarial. B.-
nippers, >urgical cutting-forceps for use on bones.
B.-oil, a foul-smelling oil obtained in the dry distilla-
tion of bone. B. -setter, a specialist at setting bones ;
usually an uneducated empiric, and often a pretender
to hereditary skill in the business. B. -spavin. See
Spavin. B. -tumor. Synonym of Actinomycosis.

Bonelet See Ossicle.

Bonellein n " in i [ Bonellia, a genus of gephyrean

worm-, named after F. A. Bonelli, an Italian natu
ralist]. In biology, the green pigment of certain
annelid-, as Bonellia viridis.

Boneset. See Eupatorium.

Bonnafond's Apparatus. An apparatus for generating
vapors and injecting them into the middle ear through
an tube.

Bonnet's Capsule. See Ocular Sheath. B. Opera-
tions. See Operations, Tabl

Bontius, Pills of. Purgative pills used in dropsy.
• ntain gamboge, Socotrin aloes, and gum am-
aac.

Bonwill's Crown. In dentistry, an artificial crown of
all porcelaii ngrafted on a natural root. B's.

Method, i. A method of producing anesthesia. It
is done by rapid breathing of the ordinary atmos
pheric air. Th ns his mouth and breathes

[uickly, and deeply, and in a few seconds or
minutes partial anesthesia supervenes. 2. A method
rticulating teeth.

Bonzel's Operation. See Operations. Table of.

Booboo

Boohoo i [nativi fii ]. A kind of gas-

tritis with with great nostalgia

depression of spirits. It attack- strangers in some of
the Pacific Islands.
Booker, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic

Boot, Junod's. See Junod ' s />'

Boracic Acid (bo-ras'-ik as'-id). See , /,/,/, />', ric ; also
/•' Ton.

Borage | [ME., borage]. The plant Borago

officinalis, a demulcent, mild refrigerant and diapho
retic. Dose of fid. ext., 5 j. I not'.

Boraginaceous (bo-raj -in-a' -se-tts) \Boraginacea' , a
natural order of plants]. Pertaining to the Boragin-
ace

Borate (bo'-rdt) [Ar., bbraq, borax]. Any salt of bo-
ric acid.

Borax (bo'-raks). See Boron. B. Bath. See Bath.

Borborygmus (bor-bor-ig* '-mus) [(Jop/Sopvyudg, a rum-
bling: pi., Borborygmi\. A rumbling of the bowels.

Bordeaux Method. A form of cotton antiseptic dress-
ing for stumps.

Borelli's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Boric Acid (bo'-rik as'-id). See Boron.

Born (born) [AS., boren, to bear, bring forth]. Brought
into the world by the process of parturition. B.
Alive. See Live Birth.

Borneo Camphor (bor1 '-ne-o-kam' '-for). See Borneol.

Borneol (bor'-ne-ol) [Borneo], C10H]8O. Borneo
Camphor; a substance that occurs in Dryobalanops
camphora, a tree growing in Borneo and Sumatra. It
is artificially prepared by acting with sodium upon the
alcoholic solution of common camphor. It is quite
like Japan camphor, and has a peculiar odor resem-
bling that of peppermint. It sublimes in six-sided
leaflets, melts at 1980 and boils at 2120. It produces
spasms of an epileptiform character.

Bom's Method. A method of reconstructing objects
from microscopic sections ; by means of a camera,
the outlines are transferred to wax plates, which are
then cut out so as to correspond to the sections.

Boro-borax (bo-ro-bo'-raks). A crystalline combina-
tion of borax and boric acid. It is used as an anti-
septic.

Borofuchsin. See Stains, Conspectus of.

Boroglycerid (bo-ro-glis' '-er-id). See Boroglycerin.

Boroglycerin (bo-ro-glis' -er-in) [Ar., boraq, borax ;
yfajnepSg, sweet]. A mixture of boric acid, 62 parts,
with glycerin, 92 parts, it is called also boroglycerid,
and glyceryl borate. It is a solid preparation, soluble
in water. It is used as a local application in eye and
skin affections. It is an active antiseptic in a solution
of I to 40. L'nof.

Boron [bo'-ron) [Ar. , boraq, borax]. B -— II ; quanti-
valence in, v. The base of boric acid and of the
mineral borax. Boracic, or, more properly, Boric
Acid, ELBOg, a crystalline substance, found native
in the volcanic lagoons of Tuscany. It occurs in
while, transparent crystals, soluble in water and
alcohol ; ii is an active antiseptic, and is much used in
parasitic diseases of the skin. Dose gr. v-xx. Un-
fit. Acidi Borici \ I'.- P. I, contains hard paraffin 2,
soft paraffin 4, boric acid 1. It is used as an antiseptic
and in dermatology. Borax, Na,b.,< >7,loH,0, sodium
biborate. occur- in lacustrine deposits a- white, trans-
parent oluble in water, all ohol and glycerin.
It i- used a- an antiseptic wash for ul< ers and indoli nl
lesions and i- valuable also a- an emmenagogue, and
in leucorrhea. Dose gr. v xl. All unof. Clycerinum
Borach | B. I'. |, contains borax, glycerin and distilled
water; it is used as a local application. Mel Boracis
I'.. I'. ). borax honey, contain- borax, clarified honey
and glycerin (about 1 in 7) ; it is used as a local
applii ation.

BONES

217

Bl »NES

TABLE OF BONES.

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and Variety.

Muscular and Ligamentous

A 1 1 ,\< 11. ML NTS.

Astragalus.

Irregularly cubical ; forms the key-
stone >>l arch "1 foot ; head, neck .
six articular surfaces.

Tibia, ) . ,
Fibula, )g^eb"»us.

Os calcis, >. ,,. ,,
Scaphoid! l^lhrodta.

i > i ipital bone — double arthrodia.
Axis, four joints — diarlhrodia rota-
toria and double arthrodia.

Internal and external lateral ligaments.

Atlas.

First cervical vertebra ; ring-like ;
anterior and posterior arches and
tubercles; articular surfaces.

LongUS colli (lub/'i cle), rectus capitis
posticus minoi | ■./■ • ess).

Axis.

Second cervical vertebra; body,
odontoid process, pedicles, lam-
inae, spinous process, transverse
processes, articular surfaces.

First cervical vertebra — diarlhrodia
rotatoria and double arthrodia

Third cervical vertebra — double ar-
throdia.

Longus colli, check ligaments.

Calcaneum.

The heel bone ; irregularly cu-
boidal ; lesser process [sustenta-
culum tali], greater process, pero-
neal ridge or spine, superior
groove, articular surfaces.

Astragalus,]

Cuboid, > arthrodia.

Scaphoid, J

Tibialis posticus, tendo Achillis, plant-
aris, abductor pollicis, abductor mini-
mi digiti, flexor brevis digilorum,
flexor accessorius, extensor brevis
digitorum.

Carpal.

Consists of scaphoid, semilunar,
cuneiform, pisiform, trapezium,
trapezoid, os magnum, unciform.
See Indiviaual Bones.

Clavicle.

Collar bone, resembles the italic
"/"; conoid tubercle, deltoid
tubercle, oblique line.

Sternum, ~\

Scapula, > arthrodia

Cartilage of first rib,)

Sterno-cleido-mastoid, trapezius, pec-
toralis major, deltoid, subclavius,
sterno-hyoid, platysma.

Coccyx.

The last bone of the vertebral col-
umn ; resembles a cuckoo's beak;
usually composed of four small
segments; base, apex, cornua.

Sa.crum~amJ>hia>throdia.

Coccygeus, gluteus maximus, extensor
coccygis, sphincter ani, levator ani.

Cranial.

Occipital, parietal (two), frontal,
temporal (two), sphenoid, eth-
moid. See Individual Bones.

Cuboid.

Somewhat pyramidal ; tuberosity.

Os calcis, "I
External cuneiform, ! „wz,*-„,7,„
4th and 5th metatarsal arthrodia.
bones. J

Flexor brevis pollicis.

Cuneiform
(of carpus).

Pyramidal.

Semilunar, ")
Pisiform,

Unciform, \ arthrodia
Interarticular fibro-car-
tilage. J

Cuneiform
(of tarsus).
Internal.

Middle.
External.

Irregularly wedge-shaped; the
largest of the three.

Wedge-shaped ; smallest of the
three.

Wedge-shaped.

Scaphoid,

Middle cuneiform,

First and second meta- |

tarsal bones.
Scaphoid,

Internal cuneiform, 1
External cuneiform, [
Second metatarsal. J
Scaphoid,
Middle cuneiform,
Cuboid,
Second, third, and fourth

metatarsal bones.

arthrodia.
throdia.

■ arthrodia.

Tibialis anticus and posticus.

Tibialis posticus.

Tibialis posticus, flexor brevis pollicis.

Ethmoid.

Irregularly cubical ; situated at an-
terior part of base of skull ; hori-
zontal or cribriform plate, per-
pendicular plate, two lateral
masses, crista galli.

Sphenoid,

Two sphenoidal —
turbinated,

Frontal,

Two nasal,

Two superior max-
illary,

Two lachrymal,

Two palate,

Two inferior turb-
inated,

Vomer.

■ synarthrodia.

None.

Femur.

Cylindrical ; longest, largest, and
strongest hone in the body ; shaft
and two extremities, head, neck,
greater and lesser trochanters,
linea aspera, condyles; a long
bone.

Os innominatum — enarthrodia.
Tibia — g ing lymus.
Patella — arthrodia.

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, pyri-
formis, obturator internus, obturator
externus, gemellus superior, gemel-
lus inferior, quadratus femoris, psoas
magnus, iliacus, vastus externus,
gluteus maximus, short head of the
biceps, vastus internus, adductor
masjnus, pectineus, adductor brevis,
adductor longus, crureus, subcrureus,
gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus.

B( »NE£

218

BONES

BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON.

Atlas, Superior Surface

Superior articular pro
trans\ erse ligament.

i. Tuber le of an-
terior arch. 2
Articular facet for
odontoid proi ess
ol axis. 3. Poste-
rior an h an.! |
tei 101 tubercle. 4.
Groove foi \ erte-
bral artery and
first cervical
mi ve. 5. Trans-
verse process. 6.
Foramen for ver-
tebral artery. 7.
S. Tubercle for attachment ol

Axis, Lateral Aspect.
. Body. 2. Odontoid pro-
cess. 3. Facet for articu-
lating with anterior arch
of atlas. 4. Lamina. 5.
Spinous process. 6. Trans-
verse process. 7. Superior
articular process. S. Infe-
rior articular process.

Axis, Postero-Superior
View.

. Posterior surface of body. 2.
Odontoid process. 3,3. Supe-
rior articular processes 4, 4.
Inferior articular processes.
5, 5. Transverse processes. 6.
Spinous process.

1,1. Lateral mass-
es of atlas. 2, 2.
Anterior arch of
atlas, including
odontoid pro-
cess of axis. 3.
Tubercle of an-
terior arch 4,4.
Transverse pro-
cesses of atlas.

5. 5 Inferior ar-
ticular pro-
cesses of atlas.

6, 6. Superior
articular pro-
cesses of axis.

7. Inferior articular processes. 8,8. Transverse processes.
Anterior surface of body of axis. 10. Apex of odontoid

Atlas and Axis, Anterior Surface.

9
process

Seventh Cervical Vertebra, Postero-Superior View.

>. 2. Transverse processes. 3, 3. Anterior or costal

transverse processes. 4, 4. Foramina for vertebral

s, 5. Superior, articular processes. 6, 6. Inferior

articular processes. 7, 7. Laminae. 8. Spinous process. 9.

na! forami

Dorsal Vertebra, Antero-Superior View.

1. Anterior surface. 2. Vertebral foramen. 3. Spinous pro-
cess. 4, 4. Transverse processes. 5, 5. Articular surfaces for
tubercles of ribs. 6, 6. Superior articular processes. 7, 7.
Pedicles.

First Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View.

. Superior surface of body. 2, 2. Semi-lunar processes. 3.
Articular facet for head of first rib. 4. Demi-facet for head
of second rib. 5. Superior articular process. 6, 6. Inferior
articular processes. 7. Transverse process. 8. Articular facet
for tubercle of first rib. 9. Spinous process.

Eleventh Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View.

1. Articular facet for head of eleventh rib. 2. Transverse
process. 3. Superiortubercleoftransver.se process. 4. In-
ferior and anterior tubercle. 5. Inferior and posterior tuber-
cle. 6. Superior articular process. 7. Inferior articular pro-
cess. 8. Spinous process.

i

L

.1 -J"HL«.»».

Twelfth Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View.

1. Articular facet for head of twelfth rib. 2. Transverse pro-
cess. 3. Superior and posterior tubercle ol transverse pro-
cess. 4. Inferior and posterior tubercle, s. Inferior and
anterior tubercle. 6. Superioi articulai |.i.m<-ss. 7.7- infe-
rior articular processes. 8. Spinous process.

BONES

219

Bl IN] -

1 AIM i: I >F B< INES.— Continued.

Name.

Principal Features.

Artk^ations and Variety. MUSCUL^AacSm^tsMENT°US

Fibula.

Lone bone : shaft, upper extremity

or head, lower extremity or ex-
ternal malleolus.

Tibia — arthrodia.

Astragalus, with the tibia and fibula
— ginglymus.

Biceps, soleus, peroneus longus, ex-
tensor longus digitorum, peroneus
tertius, ext( nsor proprius pollicis,

tibialis posticus, flexor longus pollicis,
peroneus brevis.

Foot.

Composed of tarsus, metatarsus
and phalanges, q. v.

Froctal.

The forehead bone ; a flat hone ; a Two parietal,
frontal portion and an orbito- Sphenoid,
nasal portion ; frontal eminences, Ethmoid,
superciliary ridges, supraorbital Two nasal,
arches, supraorbital notches or Two superior max-
foramina, internal and external illurv,
angular processes, temporal Two lachrymal,
ridges, nasal notch, nasal spine, Two malar,
nasal eminence or glabella.

■ synarthrodia.

Corrugator supercilii, orbicularis pal-
pebrarum, and temporal on each side.

Hand.

Composed of carpus, metacarpus
and phalanges, q. v.

Humerus.

Largest bone of upper extremity :
long bone ; a shaft and two ex-
tremities. Upper extremity pre-
sents a head, neck and greater
and lesser tuberosities. Lower
extremity, trochlea, olecranon
fossa, coronoid fossa, external
and internal condyles, supra-
trochlear foramen, supracondy-
loid ridges.

Scapula (glenoid cavity) — enarthrodia.
RadTus,}^"^'"""-

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres
minor, subscapularis, pect oralis
major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid,
coraco-brachialis, brachialis anticus,
triceps, sub-anconeus, pronator radii
teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris
longus, flexor digitorum sublimis,
flexor carpi ulnaris, supinator loi
extensor carpi radialis longior, exten-
sor carpi radialis brevior, exti
communis digitorum, extensor mini-
mi digiti, extensor carpi ulnaris, sup-
inator brevis and anconeus.

Hyoid.

A bony arch ; irregular bone ; a
body, two greater and two lesser
cornua.

None.

Sterno-hyoid, thyro-hyo'd, omo-hyoid,
digastricus, stylo-hyoid, mylo-hyoid,
genio-hyoid, genio-hyo-glossus, hyo-

glossus, middle constrictor of the
pharynx.

Ilium.

See Innominate.

Incus.

Resembles a bicuspid tooth with
two roots, body, and two pro-
cesses.

Malleus — arthrodia {trigger-joint). None.
Stapes— arthrodia.

I n feri or
maxillary.

Body and two rami ; contains the
teeth of the lower jaw; symphy-
sis, mental process, mental fora-
men, coronoid and condyloid
process, head, neck, sigmoid
notch ; irregular bone.

The two temporal bones— bilateral
condyloid— diarthrodia.

Levator menti, depressor labii infe-
rioris, depressor anguli oris, platysma
myoides, buccinator, masseter, orbi-
cularis oris, genio-hyo-glossus, genio-
hyoideus, mylo-hyoideus, digastric,
superior constrictor, temporal, in-
ternal pterygoid, external pterygoid.

Inferior tur-
binated.

Innominate.

Situated on the outer wall of the
nasal fossa ; irregular bone.

Ethmoid,

Superior maxillary,
Lachrvmal,
Palate,

None.

\ synarthrodia.

Large, 3 parts ; flat bone ; with its
fellow and sacrum and coccyx
forms pelvis.

Ilium — superior broad expanded
portion, crest, superior, middle
and inferior curved lines, ilio-
pectineal line, venter, auricular
surface, anterior and posterior,
superior and inferior spinous
processes, g (about) of acetabu-
lum.

Ischium — lower and back portion,
body, tuberosity and ramus,
spine, greater and lesser sacro-
sciatic notches, external and in-
ternal lips of tuberosity, lower
boundary of obturator foramen,
§ (about) of acetabulum.

Pubis — body, horizontal ramus,
descending ramus, spine, ilio-
pectineal line, angle, symphysis,
obturator foramen (upper bound-
ary), 5 of acetabulum.

f With its fellow of
J opposite side,
*j Sacrum,
[ Femur — enarthrodia.

I

synarthrodia.

Ilium — tensor vaginae femoris, external
oblique, latissimus dorsi, iliacus,
transversalis, quadratus lumborum,
erector spina?, internal oblique, glu-
teus maximus, medium and mini-
mus, rectus, pvriformis, multifidus
spina?, sartorius.

Ischium— obturator externus and in-
ternus, gracilis, levator ani, gemelli
superior and inferior, coccygeus, bi-
ceps, semi-tendinosus, semi-mem-
branous, quadratus femoris, adductor
magnus, transversus perinei, erector
penis.

Pubis — internal and external oblique,
transversalis, rectus, pyramidalis,
psoas parvus, pectineus, adductor
magnus. longus and brevis, gracilis,
external and internal obturator, leva-
tor ani, compressor urethras, accele-
rator urinse.

r.< iNES

23 i

B( »NES

I

Lumbar Vertebra, Postero-Superior View.
i, i. Anterior surface of body. 2, 2 Trans-
fers* .;. Spinous process. 4,
4. Si; rticular processes. 5,5. In-
terior articular processes. "d*

r..„

Sacrim, Anterior Aspect.
, 1, 1, 1. Bodies of sacral vertebrae,
with transverse lines of union. 2,2,
2, 2. Anterior sacral foramina. 3.
Base. 4. Auricular surface of lat-
eral aspect. 5. Its inferior portion.
6. Articular surface of base. 7.
Notch for formation of last lumbar
intervertebral foramen. S Superiol
articular process of first sacral ver-
tebra. 9. Apex of sacrum. 10.
Cornu. 11. Notch for transmission
of fifth sacral nerve. .

Coccyx, Ante-
rior Aspect.

1. Base. 2,2. Cor-
nua. 3. Sec-
ond coccygeal
vertebra. 4.
Third coccy-
geal vertebra.
5. Fourth coc-
cygeal verte-
bra. 6. Fifth
coccygeal ver-
tebra.

Occipital Bone, Postero-Inferior
View
1. Basilar process. 2. Foramen magnum.
3, 3. Posterior condyloid foramina. 4.
Crest. 5. External occipital protuber-
ance. 6,6. Condyles. 7, 7. Jugular pi.. -
cesses. 8, 8. Jugular fossae.

Parietal, Temporal, and Srm mhi. Bonis; Posterior

Aspec 1 .
. Body of sphenoid bone. 2, 2. Sphenoid and temporal bones.
3. ;,. Parietal bones. 4, 4. Mastoid processes. 5, 5. Jugular
fossae. 6, 6. Notches entering into formation of sphenoi
fissures. 7, 7. Spheno-parietal sutures. 8, 8. Spheno-tem-
poral sutures. 9, 9. Temporo-parietal sutures.

Sack 1 \i 1'ostfrior Aspect.
1, 1, 1, 1. Spinous ; • ,,1 sacral

vert, bra \ Sacral grooi

3. 3. 3- I sacral foramina.

4,4.4.4- Artie ular processes, united.
. 5. Transverse pr<

7. 7 Auricular

surfe Superior articular

<>( first sacral vertebra. 9.

riororifici ,1. ro

euting ii

11, 11. Cornua. 12. Apex.

Vi rtebral Column,

I. A I KRAI. ASP!

1-7. Cervical vertebrae.
8-19. Dorsal vei i.
20-24. Lumbar verte-
brae. A, A. Spinous

processes. B, B. Artic-
ular facets of trans-
verse processes of first
ten dorsal vertebrae.
C. Auricular sin 1..
sacrum. 1 1. 1 oramina
in transverse pro. esses
of cervical vertebl

sj ' i

>

Nasal Bonks, External Aspect.
, 1. The two nasal bones. 2,2. Superior extremity. 3,3. In-
ior border. 4, 4. Internal border, s;, 5,5, 5. External
border.

BONES

221

BONES

I U'.I.K CI'" IKINKS.- Continued.

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and Variety.

Muscular and Ligament
Attachments

Ischium.

See Innominate.

Lachrymal.

Small ; situated at front part of
inner wall of orbit; resembles
finger-nail; crest, lachrymal
groove ; flat bone.

Frontal,

Submaxillary. ^arthrodia.

Inferior turbinated, J

Tensor tarsi.

Lingual.

See Hyoid.

Magnum

(OS).

Largest bone of carpus ; occupies
center of wrist; head, neck, body ;
short bone.

Scaphoid, \enartArodia.
Semilunar, j "•»•»' ««*•«•■

Second 1

Third V Metacarpal — arthrodia.

Fourth j

Trapezoid, | ,, , •

Unciform, ') arthrodia.

Flexor brevis pollicis (part).

Malar.

Small; quadrangular; at upper
and outer part of face; forms
prominence of cheek, part of
outer wall and floor of orbit, part
of temporal and zygomatic fossae;
frontal, orbital, maxillary and
zygomatic processes, malar
foramen, four borders ; irregular
bone.

Frontal,

Sphenoid, ., ..

Temporal, [ synarthrodia.

Superior maxillary, J

Levator labii superioris proprius,

zygomaticus major and minor, mas-
seter, temporal.

Malleus.

Resembles a hammer : head, neck,
handle or manubrium, processus
gracilis, processus brevis; irreg-
ular.

Incus — arthrodia (trigger-joint).

Tensor tympani.

Maxillary,
in ferior.

Maxillary,
superior.

See Inferior maxillary.
See Superior maxillary.

Metacarpal.

Five in number; shaft, base, and
head ; long bones.

Second row of carpus — arthrodia.
Phalanges — condyloid.

To the thumb— flexor and extensor
ossis metacarpi pollicis, first dorsal
interosseous.

Second metacarpal bone — flexor carpi
radialis, extensor carpi radialis Ion
gior, first and second dorsal interosse-
ous, first palmar interosseous, flexor
brevis pollicis i frequently).

Third metacarpal— extensor carpi ra-
dialis brevior, flexor brevis pollicis,
adductor pollicis, second and third
dorsal interosseous.

Fourth metacarpal — third and fourth
dorsal and second palmar interos-
seous.

Fifth metacarpal — extensor carpi ul-
naris, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor
ossis metacarpi minimi digi'i, fourth
dorsal, and third palmar interos<
seous.

Metatarsal.

Five in number , shaft, base, and
head ; long bones.

Tarsus— art lirodia
Phalanges — condyloid.

First— tibialis anticus (part), peroneus
longus, first dorsal interosseous.

Second — adductor pollicis. first and
second dorsal interosseous, tibialis
posticus ipart)

Third— adductor pollicis, second and
third dorsal, and first plantar inter-
osseous, tibialis posticus (part).

Fourth— adductor pollicis, third and
fourth dorsal and second plantar in-
terosseous, tibialis posticus (part'.

Fifth— peroneus brevis, peroneus ter-
tius, flexor brevis minimi digiti,
transversus pedis, fourth dorsal, and
third plantar interosseous.

Nasal.

Oblong ; forms with its fellow the
bridge of the nose: nasal fora-
men, spine, crest ; flat bone.

Frontal.

S°opposite), [ synarthrodia.
Superior maxillary, 1

B< >N1 -

.>.>.)

BONES

OL>

. Anterior aspect of
pyramidal pi

Incisive or m\rti-
form • Infra-

orbital foramen. 4
Summit of p> ramid-
al proi ess, 01 malar
process. 5. Posterioi

I ol pyramidal
I
bordei hi pj ramidal

ss. ~. Pi st
border, 01 maxillary
tuberosity B Nasal
process. 9. Posterior
border, grooved for

V bordei . groo> ed tor

Hk lachrynuil duct. 10.

<yyJ Anterioi nasal spine.

\%\ 11. 1 11 fra-orbi 1 a 1

II groove, i-'. Summit

-** ol nasal |«ioceSS. 13.

Superior

Maxillary 1

nai. Aspect.

EXTER

nasal process,
fossae.

16. Notch for

process. 13.
Posterioi and supe-
rior angle. 14. Su-
perior border. 15.
Anterior border of
anterior opening of nasal

Lachrymal Bone,
External Aspect.

. 1. Vertical crest, dividing external sur-
face into two parts. 2. Spine, in wbi< h
crest terminates, 3- Sulcus contribut-
ing to formation of lachrymal canal. 4.
Continuation of preceding, contributing
to formation of nasal canal. 5. Posterior
division of external surface, contribut-
ing to formation of orbit. 6, 6. Anterior
border. 7, 7. Posterior border. 8. Su-
perior extremity. 9 Portion of inferior
border that articulates with lachrymal
ss of inferior turbinated bone. 10.
Portion that articulates with orbital plate
of superior maxillary bone.

Malar Bone, External Aspect.
1. Orifice for malar nerve. 2, 2. Superior or orbital border.
3, 3. Inferior or zygomatic border. 4, 4. Posterior or tem-
poral border. 5, 5. Anterior or maxillary border. 6. Supe-
rior angle. 7. Inferior angle. 8. Anterior angle. 9. Posterior
angl

1. External surface of orbital
- ss. 2. Superior or or-
bital surfai e. 3. Anterior or
maxillary surface. 4. Noti h
forming greater part ol
no-palatine foramen. 5
Sphenoidal process. 6.
ntering into foi ma-
tion of posterior palatine

canal 7. Sjurface that enters
into the formation of ba
maxillary sinus. 8. External
surface ol pterygoid pi

to rei eive posterior
border of interna] plate of
pti rj goid process.

Inferior Turbinated Bone, Internal
or Com ix Aspect.

cess. 5. Ethmoidal process

that articulates with palate bone

S. Posterior extremity

1.1. Anteroposteri-
or ridge, dividing
the mui nai sin -
face into two al-
most equal pai ts,
2, 2. Inlet ioi bor-
dei . 3, 3. Anter-
ior portion of
superior border,

ai lii ulating \\ itli

nasal process oi
superior maxil-
lary bone. 4.
Lachrymal pro-
6. Portion of superior bordei
7 Anterior extremity.

Inferior

11. Condyle,
dental canal.
a. Incisors.

1. Body of bone
and external
oblique line. 2.
Ramus. 3. Sj HI-
plivsis. 4. In-
cisive fossa. 5.
Mental fora-
men. 6. De-
pression in in-
ferior bolder
for attachment
of digastric
muscle. 7 .
Depression for
passage of
facial artery.

8. Angle of jaw.

9. Postel Ll II I \-
tremily ol in-
ternal oblique
line. it.. Cor-
onoid process.

12. Sigmoid notch. 13. Origin of inferior
14. Mylo-hyoid groove. 15. Alveolar border.
b. Bicuspids', c. Canines, m. Molars.

Maxillary Bone,
Aspect.

External

Palate Bonk. External
Asi'i

Lateral Aspect of Skii i ..

. Frontal bone. 2. Parietal bone. 3. Occipital bone. 4. Tem-
poral bone. 5. Greatei wing of sphenoid bone. 6. I.ainb-
doid suture. 7. Occipitoparietal suture. 8. Squamo-parietal
suture 9. Masto-parietal suture, to. Spheno-parietal su-
ture. 11. Spheno-temporal suture. 12. Spheno-frontal suture.
13,13. Temporal ridge. 14. Main bone. 15. Fronto-malar
suture. 16. Malo-temporal suture. 17 Malo-maxillary su-
ture. 18. Superior maxillary bone. 19 Infraorbital foramen.
20. Nasal 1. one. 21, Naso-maxillary suture. 22. Naso-froi
suture. 2;. Lachrymal groove, at the bottom oi which may
.Mil. suture between the lachrymal and the superior
maxillar) bones. 24. Nasal eminence. 25. [nferioi maxil-
larj bom 26. Mental foramen 27. Air, owei jaw.

28. Coronoid pro, ess. 29 Condyle. ■ Neck of condyle.
31. External auditors 1 , .' Styloid process. 33. Mas-

toid process. 34. Masto-occipital sutu

!:< INKS

•j-j::

Bl >NES

TABLE l >I Bl INES.— Continued.

N \MK.

Principal Features

Articulations and Variety.

cular and ligament'
Attachments.

Occipital.

Back part and base of cranium; Parietal (two), |
trapezoid in shape; outei and Temporal (two), > synarthrodia.
inner tallies; external protuber- Sphenoid, )
ance, external occipital crest, Atlas — double arthrodia.
superior and interior curved
lines, foramen magnum, con-
dyles, jugular process, anterior
and posterior condyloid forami-
na, basilar process, pharyngeal
spine, i fossae on internal sur-
face, internal occipital protuber-
ance and crest, grooves for the
cerebral sinuses, torcular Hero-
phili, jugular foramen ; flat bone.

Twelve pairs— occipito-frontalis, tra-
pezius, sterno-cleido-mastoid, corn-
plexus, biventer cervicis, splenius
capitis, superior oblique, rectus
capitis postii us, major and minor,
rectus lateralis, rectus capitis anticus,
major and minor, superior constrictor
of the pharynx.

Palate.

Back part of nasal fossa ; helps to
form floor and outer wall of nose,
the roof of mouth and floor of
orbit, also spheno-tnaxillary and
pterygoid fossa? and the spheno-
maxillary fissure; L-shaped ;
inferior or horizontal plate, su-
perior or vertical plate, posterior
palatine canal, posterior nasal
spine, inferior and superior tur-
binated crests, maxillary pro-
cess, pterygoid process, acces-
sory descending palatine canals,
orbital process, sphenoidal pro-
cess, spheno-palatine foramen.

Sphenoid,
Ethmoid,

Superior maxillary,
Inferior turbinated,
Vomer,
Opposite palate,

' synarthrodia.

Tensor palati, azygos uvulae, internal
and external pterygoid, superior con-
strictor of pharynx.

Parietal.

Form sides and roof of skull ;
irregular, quadrilateral; two sur
faces, four borders, four angles,
parietal eminence, temporal
ridge, parietal foramen, furrows
for cerebral sinuses, depressions
for Pacchionian bodies; flat
bone.

Opposite parietal,

Occipital,

Frontal,

Temporal,

Sphenoid,

• synarthrodia.

Temporal.

Patella.

Flat; triangular; sesamoid; an-
terior part of knee-joint ; two
surfaces, three borders, apex ;
flat bone.

Condyles of femur— partly arthrodial.

Rectus, crureus, vastus intern us, vas-
tus externus.

Pelvic.

Composed of two ossa innomi-
nata, sacrum and coccyx, q. v.

Phalanges of
foot.

Two of great toe, three of each of
the others ; shaft, base, head ;
long bones.

First row with metatarsa
phalanges — condyloid.

Second of great toe "
with first phalanx ; of
other toes, with first
and third phalanges,

Third row with second
row,

1 and second
► ginglymus.

First — great toe — inner tendon exten-
sor brevis digitorum, abductor pol-
licis, adductor pollicis, flexor brevis
pollicis, transversus pedis.

Second toe — first and second dorsa! in-
terosseous, first lumhrical.

Third toe — third dorsal and first plan-
tar interosseous, second lumbrical.

Fourth toe — fourth dorsal and second
plantar interosseous, third lumhrical.

Fifth toe — flexor brevis minimi digiti,
abductor minimi digiti, third plantar
interosseous, fourth lumbrical.

Second — great toe — extensor longus
pollicis, flexor longus pollicis.

Other toes— flexor brevis digitorum,
one slip of common tendon of exten-
sor longus and brevis digitorum.

Third — two slips from the common
tendon of the extensor longus and
extensor brevis digitorum, and flexor
longus digitorum.

Phalanges, of
hand.

14 in number, three for each finger
and two for thumb ; shaft, head,
base ; long bones.

First row with met
second row of pha

Second row with
and third rows,

Third row with sec
row,

acarp

lange
first )

ond

J

al bones and

; — condyloid.

■ ginglymus.

Thumb — extensor primi internodii pol-
licis, flexor brevis pollicis, abductor
pollicis, adductor pollicis, flexor lon-
gus pollicis, extensor secundi inter-
nodii.

First— index finger — first dorsal and
first palmar interosseous.

Middle finger— -second and third dorsal
interosseous.

Ring ft nger— fourth dorsal and second
palmar interosseous.

Little finger— third palmar interosse-
ous, flexor brevis minimi digiti, ab-
ductor minimi digiti.

Second— io all - flexor sublimis digit-

BON] S

Bl 'NFS

Hyoid Bone, Anterior Aspect.
i, i Anterior or convex surface of body. 2.2. Greater
cornua. 3, 3. Junction of greater cornua with body.
4, 4. Lesser cornua.

W

Skull

suture of palatine vault. 2 Inferior orifice of an-

Inferior openings of posterior

■ ilatine vault : pos-

ll septum. 6.

Han nternal pterygoid plate of sphenoid

id plate. 8 External pterygoid

10 Oval or inferior maxillary

inosum. 12. I ei urn

Sphenooccipital suture.

;ernal auditory canal. 17. Mas-

and stylo-mastoid fora-

f carotid canal. 20. Foramen

Occipital condyles. 22 Basilar

tmen magnum. 24. External occipital

Inferior curved lines of occipital bone.

£&

1

Thr Orbitai

•linR of rvi extremity of

Orbital cavi-

' ethmoid. 7.

Spheno-maxillary

1 1. Squamous portion

iral. 12 Antero-inl Por-

into formation of temporal fossa. 14.

Thorax, Anterior View.

Manubrium stertii. 2. Gladiolus. 3. Fusiform cartilage or
xiphoid appendix. 4. Circumference of apex of thorax, s
Circumference of base. 6. 1st rib. 7. 2d rib. 8, 8. 3d, 4th,
5th, 6th and 7th ribs. 9. 8th, 9th and 10 ribs. 10. 11th and
12th ribs. 11, 11. Costal cartilages.

RibsofLeftSipf,

Posterior

Aspect.

1-12. Anterior ex-
tremities of 12
ribs of left side.
1;,, 13. Internal
sin face. 14. 14.
External surface.
is. Head of ist
lib. 16. Head of
2d rib. 17. Head
d rib. 18, 18.
Heads of 1 ibs

from 4th to 9th.
19. Head of 10th
rib. 20, 20. Heads
ol nth and 12th
ribs. 2i, 21. Nei ks
ol ribs. 22 Tuber-
. le ol 1st rib. 73.
Ai ticular facet oi

tub 11 1 le 1 I 2d rib.
24, 24. Articular
tsof tubercles
of ribs from 3d to
oth. 25. Articu-
lar facet for tu-
1" 1. le of 10th rib.
26, 26. Angles of
ribs.

J\>.

BONES

225

BONES

TABJLE < IF B( »NES.— Continued.

Name.

1'kincipal Features. Articulations and Variety.

Ml scular and Ligamentous

Al I At H.MhNTS.

Phalanges, of
hand.

Continued.

orum and extensor communis digit-

orum ; in addition.
To index finger— extensor indicis.
To little finger — extensor minimi

digiti.
Third — flexor profundus digitorum,

extensor communis digitorum.

Pisiform.

Anterior and inner side of carpus :
small ; spherical ; one articular
facet ; short bone.

Cuneiform— arthrodia.

Flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor minimi
digiti, anterior annular ligament.

Pnl'is.

See Innominate.

Radius.

Outer side of forearm : shaft, head,
neck, tuberosity, lower extrem-
ity, oblique line, sigmoid cavity,
styloid process.

Humerus — ginglymus.

( superior — diarthrodia rota-
toria.
Ulna, -' middle — membranous.

1 11 fi rior — diarthrodia rota-
( toria.
Semilunar — condyloid.

Biceps, supinator brevis, flexor subli-
nes digitorum, flexor longus pollicis,

pronator quadratus, extensor ossis
metacarpi pollicis, extensor primi
internodii pollicis, pronator radii
teres, supinator longus.

Ribs.

Twelve in number on each side ;
shaft, head, neck, tuberosity,
angle (anterior and posterior),
anterior or sternal extremity ;
first, second, tenth, eleventh and
twelfth are peculiar; flat bones.

•

Vertebrae - at throdia.

c, ) First rib — synarthrodia.
sternum, j others-ar<A«wfla.

Internal and external intercostals,
scalenus, anticus, medius and posti-
cus, pectoralis minor, serratus mag-
nus, obliquus externus, transversalis,
quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, la-
tissimus dorsi, serratus posticus su-
perior and inferior, sacro-lumbalis,
musculus accessorius ad sacro-lum-
balem, longissimus dorsi, cervicalis
ascendens, levatores costarum, infra-
costales.

Sacrum.

Large triangular bone at lower
part of vertebral column, and
upper and back part of pelvic
cavity ; composed of five verte-
bra; ; base, promontory, four sur-
faces, apex, central canal, an-
terior and posterior sacral fora-
mina;, lateral masses, laminae,
articular processes, sacral cor-
nua, transverse processes, sacral
groove, ala; irregular bone.

Last lumbar vi

tebra,
Coccyx, y amphiarthrodia.
Ossa innominata j

(two), J

Pyriformis, coccygeus, iliacus, gluteus
maximus, latissimus dorsi, multifidus
spinae, erector spinae, extensor coc-
cygis.

Scaphoid, of
carpus.

Largest bone of first row; boat- Radius — condyloid.
shaped ; upper and outer part ' Trapezium, ~|
of carpus; four surfaces: tuber- Trapezoid. \ arthrodia.
cle; short bone. Os magnum, |

Semilunar,

External lateral ligament of wrist.

Scaphoid, of
tarsus.

Or navicular bone ; boat-shaped; Astragalus, \
inner side of tarsus, four sur- Cuneiform (three), > arthrodia.
faces, tuberosity ; short bone. Cuboid (occasionally), )

Tibialis posticus (part).

Scapula.

Back part of shoulder ; triangular ;
posterior aspect and side of
thorax; two surfaces, three
borders, three angles, subscapu-
lar fossa, subscapular angle,
dorsum, spine, supra-spinous and
infra-spinous fossae, acromion
process, glenoid cavity, neck,
head, coracoid process ; flat bone.

Hnmerus—enarthrodia.

Clavicle — arthrodia.

Subscapulars, supraspinatus, infra-
spinatus, trapezius, deltoid, omo-
hyoid, serratus magnus, levator an-
guli scapulae, rhomboideus major and
minor, triceps, teres major and minor,
biceps, coraco-brachiaiis, pectoralis
minor, platysma, latissimus dorsi.

Semilunar.

Upper row of carpus ; four sur-
faces, crescentic outline.

Radius — condyloid.

Os magnum,

Unciform, j. arlhrodia_

Cuneiform,

Scaphoid,

Sesamoid.

Small, rounded masses, cartila-
ginous in early life, osseous in
the adult; developed in tendons;
inconstant, except patellae.

Sphenoid.

Anterior part of base of skull ;
bat-shaped. with wings extended :
body, two greater and two lesser
wings, two pterygoid processes,
ethmoidal spine, optic groove,
optic foramen, olivary process,
pituitary fossa, anterior, middle
and posterior clinoid processes,
sella turcica, carotid or cavern-

All the bones of era- j

nium.
Malar (two), j- synarthrodia.
Palate (two),
Vomer, j

Temporal, external and internal ptery-
goids, superior constrictor, tensor
palati, levator tympani, levator pal-
pebral, obliquus superior, superior,
inferior, internal and external recti.

i5

M -

BONES

-

-
i iu |

Ulclll.

a t I .i i li in e ii t of
with sternum. -

i. Supraspino

-

apu-

noti h. 5. Axillary

nal border. 6.

and

• ' ' 7 ■
I ii t .■ r l ■ > r .u
Rough impression i"i

ig head of triceps.

Internal or spinal
border.
to.Spine. ii. Smooth
-in i r which

trapezius muscle
glides. 12. Acro-
mion. 13. Base of
spine. 14. Coracoid
process.

PECT.

-

■

internal b

■

Radius and Ulna, Anterior

1 CT.

1 Ant ■ 1 \- of

ulna. 2 • sigmoid

[ r sigmoid

5-

1 m ifi, e

■

1 [1 ad of
ulna. 9. Styloid pri

is. 11. H
'■ ipital tu-
tor in-
■: 1 radii
extremity
5t; loi

Bones of Carpus, Dorsal Aspect
R. Inferior extremity of radius. U. Inferior extremity of ulna.
F. Interarticular fibro-cartilage. S. Scaphoid. L. S
lunar. C. Cuneiform. P. Pisiform. T. Trapezium. T.
Trapezoid. M. Os magnum. U. Unciform. The num
upon these Uones indicate the number oi others with whii u
each articulates. 1, 2, 3,4, s- Proximal extremities of 1st, 2d,
3d, 4th and 5th metai arpal bones.

Hand, Palmar Sirface.
. Scaphoid. 2. Semilunar. 3. Cuneiform. 4. Pisiform. 5.
Trapezium. 6. Groove for tendon "f flexor carpi radialis.
7. Trapezoid. 8 Os magnum, p. Unciform. 10,10. Meta-
carpal bones. ii, ii. First phalanges of fingers. 12, 12.
Second phalanges. 13, 13. Third phalanges. 14. First phal-
anx of thumb. 15. Second phalanx.

Sacro-vertebral
allele. 2, 2. Me-
dian so lion "I
sacrum. 3. Me-
dian sei tion "i
yx 1. Junc-
tion of sa< 1 11111
and coccyx. 5,5.
Sacral canal. 6,
'1 Mi dian
tion ..1 symphysis
pubis, 7. Antero-
posterior or sa-
rin pubic diam-
eter "i pelvic in-
let, b. Prolong-
ation of tbis di-
ameter. 8. Line
perpendicular to
this diameter at
its middle. 9
Antei o-po
or cocci-pubic
diametei oi pel-
vii outlet. 10.
Horizontal
passing through inferior margin of symphysis pubis. 11.

Median Section 01 Pelvis, Plane and
Axis of Superior Si kait.

Line perpendicular to last,
two.

12. Arc of angle between these

Ill >\l -

-.".•:

B< '•

I V15I.E <)!•■ IJ( INKS,— Continu i.

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and Vakh

Ml SCULAR AND LIGAMENTOUS

A 1 1 AC H.Mh.N 1 S.

Sphenoid —
Continued

ous groove, lingula, ethmoidal
crest, sphi noidal cells or sin-
u^ is, sphenoidal turbinated
bones, rosti urn, \ a g inal pro-
cesses, pterygo-palatine canal,
spinous i « • ii ii « 1 fora-
men, oval foramen, foramen
Vesalii, foramen spiuosum, pt< i y-
goid ridge, external orbital fora-
min.i, vidian canal, pterygoid
fossa, internal and external
pterygoid plates, hamular pro-
cess, si aphoid fossa.

Sphenoidal

turbinated
or sphenoid-
al sp on g >
bones.

Situated at anterior and inferioi
part of body of sphenoid; exist

as separate pieces untii puberty
and occasionally are not joined
in the adult.

PalaTef' } synarthrodia.

None.

Stapes.

Resembles a stirrup ; one of the
ossicles of tht- tympanum ; bead,
neck, two branches (crura), base ;
irregular bone.

Incus — arthrodia.

Stapedius.

Sternum.

The breast bone; manubrium,
gladiolus, ensiform cartilage, or
fust, second and third pieces,
anterior and posterior surface,
bi irders.

Clavicles (two) — arthrodia.

Costal cartilages (seven on each side)
first — synarthrodia; others, arthro-
dia.

>ralis major, sterno-cleido-mas-
toid, sterno-hyoid, sterno-thyroid,
triangularis sterni, aponeuroses of
the obliquus and internus, and trans-
versalis muscles, rectus, diaphragm.

Superior
maxillary.

Forms with its fellow the whole
of the upper jaw ; somewhat cu-
boidal; body and malar, nasal,
alveolar and palatine processes;
hollow (the antrum ol Highmore
or maxillary sinus), incisive or
myrtiform fossa, canine fossa,
canine eminence, infra-orbital fo-
ramen, posterior dental canals,
maxillary tuberosity, posterior
p a 1 a t i n e canal, infra-orbital
groove ; irregular bone.

Frontal,

Ethmoid,

Nasal,

Malar,

Lachrymal,

Inferior turbinated,

Palate,

Vomer,

Fellow of opposite

side.

• synarthrodia.

Orbicularis palpebrarum, obliquus in-
ferior ocuh, levator labii superioris
alseque nasi, levator labii superioris
proprius, levator anguli oris, com-
pressor nasi, depressor alae nasi,
dilator naris posterior, masseter,
buccinator, internal pterygoid, orbi-
cularis oris.

Tarsal.

Consist of calcaneum, oros calcis,
astragalus, cuboid, scaphoid, in-
ternal, middle and external
cuneiform. See Individual bones.

Temporal.

Situated at side and base of skull ;
squamous, mastoid and petrous
portions, temporal ridge, zygo-
ma or zygomatic process, emi-
nentia articularis, Glaserian fis-
sure, tubercle, glenoid t
post-glenoid process, tympanic
plate, mastoid foramen, digastric
fossa, occipital groove, sigmoid
fossa, mastoid cells, meatus audi-
tor i us externus, hiatus Fallopii,
meatus auditorius in tern us,
lamina cribrosa, aquseduclus
vestibuli, styloid process, stylo-
mastoid foramen, auricular fis-
sure ; irregular bone.

Occipital,
Parietal.
Sphenoid,
Inferior maxillary,

Malar,

synarthrodia.

Temporal, masseter, occipito-frontalis,
sterno-mastoid, splenius capitis,
trachelo-mastoid. digastricus, retra-
hens aurem, stylo-pharyngeus, stylo-
hyoideus, stylo-glossus, levatoi
lati, tensor tympani, tensor palati,
stapedius.

Tibia.

At front and inner side of leg;
next to femur in length and
size; prismoid in form; uppei
extremity or head, tuberosities,
spinous process, tubercle, popli-
teal notch, shaft, crest (the shin),
oblique line, internal malleolus;
long bone.

Femur — ginglymus.

( superior — arthrodia.
Fibula, -< middle — membranous.

1 inferioi — arthrodia.
Astragalus with fibula — ginglymus.

Semimembranosus, tibialis anticus,
extensor longus digitorum, biceps,
sartorius, gracilis, semi-tendinosus,
tibialis anticus, popliteus, soleus,
flexor longus digitorum, tibialis pos-
ticus, ligamentum patellae.

Trapezium.

In lower row of carpus : very
irregular; six surfaces, groove ;

short bone.

Scaphoid,

Trapezoid, ,, ,•
First and second meta- f <"th™dia.
carpal,

Adductor pollicis. flexor ossis meta-
carpi pollicis, flexor brevis pollicis
(parti.

Trapezoid.

Smallest bone in second row of
carpus ; wedge-shaped ; six sur-
faces ; short bone.

Scaphoid,

Second metacarpal, |. arthrodia_
Trapezium, |
Os magnum,

Flexor brevis pollicis (part).

Triquetral.

See Wormian bones.

Bi iNI -

B0N1 S

minate Bonk, External Aspect.

, Su 2. Anterior superior iliac spine.

rior iliac spine. 4.4,4- Superior curved

r curved line. 6. Surface between inferior

. Anterior inferior iliac spine.

or interspinous notch. 9. Posterior inferior iliac

Posterior interspinous notch n. Spine of

iatic notch. 13. Acetabulum. 14.

tabulum. 15,15 Circumference of acetabulum.

. -pine of pubes. IS. Horizontal

ending branch of pubes. 20,20.

ndon of obturator externus mus-

22. Obturator foramen.

mor View, St i-krior Strait.

Iliac crests. 3, 3. Anterior

rior inferior iliac spines. 5,

Horizontal brani hi

bui ling rami

12, 12. Spines
I l, 14-
iral angle. 16, 16.
Su|

U 12

Femur, Posterior Aspect.

1, 1. Linea aspera. 2. 2. Ex-
ternal division. 3. internal

division. 4, 4. Inferioi divi-
sions 5. Head. 6. Depres-
sion for attachment of round

ligament. 7. Neck. S. (.real
trochanter. 9. Digital or
trochanteric fossa. 10. I el
trochanter. 11. Outer con-
dyle. 12 Inner condyle. 13-
Intercondyloid notch. 14.
Outer tuberosity. 15 inner
tuberosity.

Foot, Plantar Aspect.
. Inferior surface of I all '
neum. 2. Innei tuberosity.
3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angu-
lar depression betv
tuberosities. 5 Inferior por-
tion oi lu-ad of astragalus
6, Plantar surfai e of 1 uboid,
for attachment of inferior cal-
caneo-i uboid ligament. 7.
Tuberositj ofi uboid. 8 Sca-
phoid. 9. Tubei osity ol si a-
phoid to inferior portion
oi internal cuneiform. 11

Apex of middle- CUneifl 'l in

12. Apex of internal
form. 13, [4, IS, I''. 17- ' " '
.id. thud, fourth and fifth

metatai sal bi mi s 18 1 ubei -
osity of fifth metatarsal bone,
m. Tw o sesami >id bi 'iu-s. 70
First phalanx ol great toe.

21. Last phalanx of glial toe

22, 22 First phalanges of

mlllg toes. 2 I, 2s Sei -

ond and third phalanges of
these toes.

Tibia and Fibula, Anterior
Aspi ■ 1

1. Shaft of tibia. 2. Internal
tuberosity. 3. External tu-
berosity. 4. Spine. 5. Tuber-
cle. 6. Crest. 7. Inferior ex-
tremity. 8. Internal malleo-
lus. 9. Shalt of fibula. 10
Superior extremity. II. In-
1 nor extremity and external
malleolus.

IH i.\] -

229

B0N1 -

TABLE OP B( >NES.— Continued.

Name.

Principal Features.

Articulations and Variety.

Turbinate,
inferior.

Turbinate,

middle.

Turbinate,
superior.

Tympanic.

Ulna.

Unciform.

Vertebrae.

One on each side of outer wall
of nasal fossae; curled like a
scroll : two sin faces, two boi
two extremities, lachrymal
i ess, ethmoidal process, maxil-
lai v process.

The free com oluted margin of the
thin lamella, that descends from
the under sin face ol the i i ibri-
loi in plate oi the ethri

The thin curved plate oi the
ethmoid, that bounds t lu- supe-
rior meatus of the nose above.

Ethmoid,

Supei ioi maxillary,

Lachrymal,

Palate,

synarthrodia.

\ omer.

Wormian.

Includes the Incus. Malleus and
Stapes (q. v.).

Inner side of forearm, parallel
with radius; prismatic; shaft
and two extremities, olecranon
process, coronoid process, Radius
greater and lesser sigmoid cavi-
ties, oblique ridge, pel pendicular
line, head or lower extremity,
styloid process ; long bone.

Wedge-shaped ; hook-like pro-
cess ; in lower row of carpus ;
short bone.

Twenty-six; cervical seven, dor-
sal twelve, lumbar five, sacrum
(composed of live), coccyx (com-
posed of four; each has a body
and an arch ; latter has two pedi-
cles, two laminae and seven pro-
cesses, viz. : four articular, two
transverse, one spinous. Pecu-
liar vertebrae, first, second and
seventh cervical; first, ninth,
tenth, eleventh and tweltth dor-
sal, sacrum, coccyx ; irregular
bones.

Situated vertically at back part of
nasal fossae; forms part of sep-
tum of nose; somewhat like a
plow-share ; two surfaces and
four borders.

Supernumerary bones; irregular,
inconstant, isolated, interposed
between the cranial hones, most
frequently in the lambdoid
suture.

Humerus— gingtytnns

superior — diarthrodia ro-
tatoria.

m i dd le — membranous.

i —diarthrodia rota-
toria.

1

Semilunar,

Fourth and fifth meta-
carpal, i
Cuneiform,
Os magnum,

a i throdia.

J

Articulate with each other, and with

occipital and innominate bones and

ribs (q. v.).
Intervertebral articulations, between

the bodies— amphiarthrodia.
Between articular processes— arthro-

dia.

Sphenoid,

Ethmoid,

Superior maxillary
i two),

Palate (two),

Cartilage of the sep-
tum,

synarthrodia.

Muscular and Ligamentoi

A I TACHMEN is.

Triceps, anconeus, flexor carpi ulnaris.
brachialis antic us, pronator radii
teres, flexoi sublimis digitorum, flexor
profundus digitorum, flexor longus
pollicis (occasionally), pronator quad-
ratus, supinator brevis, extensor
ossis metacarpi pollicis, extensor
secundi internodii pollicis, extensor
indicis, extensor carpi ulnaris.

Flexor brevis minimi digiti, flexor
ossis metacarpi minimi digiti, anterior
annular ligament.

Attachment of muscles. — To the Atlas
are attached nine pairs: the loi
colli, rectus amicus minor, rectus
lateralis, rectus posticus minor, ob-
liquus superior and inferior, splenius
colli, levator anguli scapulae and first
intertransverse.

7 o the Axis are attached eleven pairs :
the longus colli, obliquus inferior,
rectus posticus major, semispinalis
colii, multifidus spinas, levator anguli
scapula?, splenius colli, scalenus
medius, transversalis colli, intertrans-
versales. interspinals.

To the remaining vertebra" generally
are attached thirty-five pairs and a
single muscle: anteriorly, the rectus
anticus major, longus colli, scalenus
anticus, medius, and posticus, psoas
magnus, psoas parvus, quadratus
lumborum, diaphragm, obliquus in-
terims and transversalis ; posteriorly,
the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, leva-
tor anguli ihomboideus
major and minor, serratus posticus
superior and inferior, splenius, i
tor spinae, sacro-lumbalis, longissi-
mus dorsi, spinalis dorsi, cervicalis
ascendens, transversalis colli,
trachelo-mastoid, complexus, biven-
ter cervicis, semispinalis dorsi and
colli, multifidus spina-, rota:
spinae, interspinales, supraspinales,
intertransversales, levatores costa-
rum.

>] S i 'l'l RA1 :

B( H Q1 1 I

Bose's Operation. S
Bos- [ Ml .

Bosselatcd '■'. 1 . with

Bossclation [Ml . ] A I — like

Bostock's Catarrh.

Bostryx rl]. In bii

Boswellia

\-ia

Bosworth's Operation.

Bot m]. The lai rtain

; jtrus, which i
Mian, where they hatch.

■

Bo: i'.otallo, Duct of B., Fora-

men c>: B., Valve of.

Botalismus ttts.

Botanic r . an herb]. Pertaining to

B. Physician, a title rtain

etable remedies.

Botanist herb]. A student of

Botanophile . herb; •

dilettanti. Persons fond of botany,
not I
Botany in herb]. The science of

ficatlon and structure. B. Bay
Gum.
Bote
Bothna ['••]• Plural of Bothrion, or of

Bothriocephalus [bot/i-re-o s • v, a pit ;

id]. A rms. See Tape-

B. latus, t mi ; a common

tain European localities. It

t in length, with a breadth of

three- fourths of an inch. It nia lata,

hi i imil),

Bothnon . a pit]. I. A small

t, or
of ]

Bothnum ;/.

Botium ['■■]■ A goiter or tumor of the

B. trachelophyma. Synonym of Goiter.
Botrel's Operation
Botryoi 1

Botryomyco i

in
form in I It is

Botryoi An

me.

Botryo-therapeutics

I arl J.

Bots . B ••

Bbttcher's Cell

B.'s
Crystals, pet uliai i by

phate of ammonia to a drop of prostatic secretion.
lh imposed of a phosphate formed from ..

>< that exists in prostatic fluid, and that is sup
sed to imparl to it its peculiar < ■< 1« >i . B.'s Test.
Sei

Botteker's Test.

Bottger's Test.

Bottini's Operation. See Operations, Table

Bottle i/v/'V) [MK.,/vA/; Fr., bouteil/ej. ■ A vessel,
usuall) . with a narrow neck. B., Feeding,

a ilat flask with a nipple of India-rubber attached,
used for feeding infants. B. Nose, a common name
for Acm rosacea. B., Specific Gravity, a Floi
flask graduated to contain 500-1000 grains ol water,
with the weight of which an equal volume ol any other
liquid ma) I"- compared. B. -stoop, in pharmacy, a
block 50 grooved that it serves to hold a wide mouthed
bottle in an oblique [ >* >^it i< m while a powder is being
dispensed from it. B.-wax, a hard, -tin varietj "t
wax used in sealing botl li

Botts (botz). See Bot.

Botulinic Acid ibot-u-lin' '-ik as'-id} [_/> sau-

sage]. An acid asserted to exist in putrefyi
sages, and to constitute their spei ific poison.

Botulism [bot'-u-lizm), Botulismus [bot-u-lizf-mus)
\botulus,z sausage]. Nni-;i^e poisoning. See Allan-
tiasis, Blun d Allanto-toxicon.

Bouchard's Diet. S itment, Methods of. B.'s

Method. See Treatment, Methods of. B.'s Nod-
ules, nodules appearing upon the phalangeal joints
of the hands of persons suffering with gastrectasis.

Bouchut's Tubes. A variety of tubes for intubation of
the larynx.

Bougard's Paste. A caustic paste containing bichlorid
of mercury, eh I' irid of zinc, arsenic, cinnabar, starch, and
wheat flour. It is used as an application to carcinom

Bougie {boo-zhe') [Fr., a candle]. A slender, cylin-
drical instrument made of waxed silk, catgut, eti .
for introduction into the urethra or other passage,
for the purpose of dilation, exploration, etc. Some-
times bougies are covered with preparations that are
thus conveyed to the inner mucous surfaces. B.,
Armed, a bougie with a piece of nitrate of silver or
other caustic attached to it- extremity. B., Filiform,
a whalebone or other bougie of very small size.

Bouhou (boo-hoo/). '100.

Bouillaud's Disease. See Endocarditis, and Dist
Table of.

Bouillon [boo-e-yon' \g)) [Fr.]. An alimentary broth
made by boiling meat, usually beef, in water. A soup.
Also a liquid nutritive mi dium made by boiling meat,
for the culture oi microorganisms. Peptonized bouil
Ions and solution-, of powdered meats have also been
used. B. of Liebig, made b) dissolving Liebig's
meat extract, 5 grams, in boiling water, 101 grams,
ttralizing with bicarbonati oi soda and filtering.
1 1 > nutritive value is increased by adding glucose.

Bouisson's Operation. See ' operations, 'table of.

Bouknemia ne'-me-aK). Synonym of Elephan-

tiasis arabum.

Boulesis [boo-le'-sis). See Ihil,

Boulimia [boo-lim'-e-ah). See Bulimia.

Boulopeithia [boo-lo-pi' '-the-ah). See Bulopeithia.

Boulton's Solution. A solution used in the form of a
spray in the treatment of rhinitis. In formula is, 1 om
pound tincture of iodin H\,XX ; carbolic acid (cryst.),
"VJ ; glycerin, J^vij; distilled water, §v. This is

placed in a water bath at [00°, in a tightly-corked
bottle until thi solution b . and is then

filtered.
Bouquet (boo-ka') [Fr.]. 1. In anatomy, a cluster,
of nerves, blood , or muscles. 2. The delicate

B( 11 RDIN'S PAS! E

231

BRAI II1< INIGRAPH

perfume and Savor of good wine, i The odor charac-
teristic of a disease. B. of Kiolan, the cluster of
ligaments and muscles attached t<> the styloid proi i

Bourdin's Paste. A mixture of nitric acid with Mow-
ers of sulphur; used as an es< harotii ,

Bourdonnement (boor-don-mon(g)') [Fr., boura n
>ii-r, to buzz]. Any buzzing sound. ["he murmur
thai is heard when the stethoscope is applied to any
part of the body. It is thought to result from con-
traction of the muscular fibrillae. See, also, Bom

Boutha (boo'-thah). A nun alcoholic, stimulating, aer-
ated beverage, containing thein; proprietary.

Bouton (boo-ton^g)') [Fr.]. I. A bud or bulb, j \
pimple. B. d'Alep, the Aleppo button or boil.
Furunculus orient alis. B. de Biskra. See Furun-
culus orien talis.

Boutons Terminals. Small terminal enlargements or
tactile-cells of sensory nerves, as in the nose of the
guinea pig and mole.

Boutonniere Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Bovet, Bacillus of. See Ba teria, Synonymatic Table

of-

Bovey Coal (bo' '-ve kul). See Lignite.

Bovina Fames (bo-vi'-nah fa'-mBs) [I ..]. Bovine
hunger ; bulimia.

Bovine (bo'-vin) [bovinus, of an ox]. < Ix-like. B.
Heart, the immensely hypertrophied heart of aortic
valvular disease. B. Hunger. See Bovina Fames.

Bovinine (bo'-vin-in) [bos, bovis, an ox]. A propriet-
ary preparation of beef used as a food for invalids and
convalescents.

Bovista [bo-vis' -tali) [L. ]. I. A genus of fungi closely
allied to Lycoperdon ; some of the species are edible.
2. The Lycoperdon bovista, a fungus or puff-ball.
When dry it is a good styptic, and its tincture is used
for nervous diseases. It is chiefly employed by homeo-
pathists.

Bow (bo) [ME.,bowe'\. A bending. B. -drill, a kind
of drill worked by a bow and string, formerly em-
ployed in lithotripsy. B.-leg,a bending outward of
the lower limbs. See (J,iiu varum.

Bowditch Island Ringworm. See Tinea imbricata.

Bowels (bow'-elz) [ME., bowele : botellus, a sausage].
The intestines.

Bowman's Capsule. The hyaline membrane that
forms the wall of the enlargement at the origin of a
uriniferous tubule.
Same as Malpig-
hian Capsule. B.
Discs, the pro-
ducts of a break-
ing up of muscle-
fibers in the direc-
tion of the trans-
verse striations.
These correspond
to the discs of
'■'■principal sub-
stance" of Dobie.
B. Glands. See
{Hand. B. La-
mellae of the Cor-
nea. See Mem-
brane of Descemet.
B. Membrane, a
thin homogeneous

membrane repre-
senting the upper-
most layer of the
stroma of the cor-
nea, with which it
is intimately connected

Bowman's CAPSULE and
Gli imerulus.
a. Vas afferens. e. Vas efferens.
c. Capillary network of the cor-
tex, k. Endothelium of the cap-
sule, h. Origin of a convoluted
tubule. [After Landois.)

B. Muscle. See Muscles,

Table of. B. Operations. See Operations, Table

B. Physic. See Gillenia. B. Probe.
Lachrymal. B. Root. See Gillenia. B. Tubes,
artifii ial passages made by forcing air or tluid-
tween the < omeal lamellae.

Box, Boxwood . B.-

berry, a popular name for Gaultheria procumbens.
B. Plate, a metallii plate with an air-ti^ht chamber,
used as an obturator, 01 in ion with artificial

ti eth, for the replacement ol the loss of natur:
ture. See Raised Base, B. Pulse-measurer, an
instrument for measuring the pulse by its action upon
a column of liquid when tie is placed

within an oblong box communicating with the column.

Boyer's Apparatus. An apparatus for reducing frac-
tures of the humerus; it is composed ol four splints
and two spiral bandages, one within and one around
the splints. B. Bandage. See/)'.//// B. Cyst.

Se< /' xbleof. B. Splint. Seei?.' Appat

Boyle's Law. See Law. B. Ventilator. See Ven-
tila '

Boynton's Method. See Of, rations. Table of. B.
Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of.

Bozeman's Apparatus. A wooden framework intended
to hold a patient in the ki \ posture in the

operation lor \< mal fistula. B. Catheter, a

double-current catheter. B. Operation. .V t- Opera-
tions, Table of.

Braccate (brak'-at) [braces, breeches]. In biology,
having the feet completely feathered.

Brachelytrous (bra-kel' -it-rus) [ Ipaxvc, short : £Ai r
a >heath]. In biology, with short elytra or wing-
covers.

Brachia (bra' '-ke-ah). Plural of Brachium.

Brachial (bra'-ke-al) [brachium, the arm]. Pertaining
to the arm. B. Artery, the com , of the axil -

lary artery, extending along the inner side of the arm.
See Arteries, 'Table of. B. Diplegia. See Paralj
B. Glands, the lymphatic glands of the arm.
Gland. B. Plexus, the plexus of the fifth, sixth,
seventh and eighth cervical and the first dorsal pair
of nerves. See Plexuses, Table of. B. Veins, the
veins of the ami that accompany the brachial artery.
See / ein .

Brachialgia (bra-ke-aV -je-ah) [/3pa^/ov, the arm ; aAyoc,
pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the armor in the brachial
plexus.

Brachialis amicus (bra-ke-a'-lis an'-tik-us). See
Muscles, Table of.

Brachiate i bra'-ki at) [brachium, an arm]. In biology,
possessing arms or branches.

Brachinin (brak'-in-in) [(ipaxyc, short]. A substance
obtained from the Bombardier Beetle, Brachinus crep-
itans, of Europe. It is said to be efficacious against
rheumatism. LJnof.

Brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-sef-al' -ik) [ . the arm ;

»■■>/,, head]. Pertaining to the arm and the head. B.
Artery and Vein, the innominate artery and vein.

Brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-ku' -bit-al) [ . the ami ;

cubitus the f< irearm] . Relating to the arm and forearm ;
as the brachio-cubital ligament.

Brachiocyllosis (bra-ke-o-sil-o/ -sis) [fipaxiov, the arm ;
KvTiluaiq, a bending]. A crookedm the arm;

also the paralysis that may accompany it.

Brachiodermian (bra-ke-o-der1 '-me-an) | . the

arm . the skin]. Relating to the skin of the

arm.

Brachioncus (bra-ke-on [Ppax'iuv, the arm ;

a swelling]. Any hard and chronic swelling
of the arm.

Brachionigraph (bra-ke-on' -ig-raf) [ ipax'uw, the arm;
ypa<peiv, to write]. A device or apparatus by which a

BRACHII "KAI'IAl.

BRAIN

le upper

arm.
Brachioradia. the arm ;

Brachiorrheuma the

lux] Rheumatism of the arm.
Brachiostrophosi^ . the

rn] A twist or twisted deformity
.nn.
Brachiotomy the arm;

trie removal

BrachipU ■ arm ; pi

Brachip: arm;

; ■
histocephalic, >r Brachistocephalous (bra-kis-

t.l]. Having an extremely short

Brachium arm:

illy the upper arm ;

An extensor process of an

B. Cerebri or B. of Op.ic Lobes, the bands

• .m«l testes with the optic thalamus.

B. Pontis, the brachium of the pons, being also

luncle of the cerebellum. Brachia

cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebellum.

Brach-Romberg Symptom. ; ns and Symptoms,

Brachybiotic ( -of-ik) [ . short;

- ;: lived.

Brachycardia ir/-de-ah). Same as Brady-

Brachycephalia [brak-e-sef-a' '-le-ah) [fipaxvg, short;

. i head]. 1 he quality of being brachycepha-

lic.

Brachycephalic '-sef-al' -ik) \fipa\vg, short;

. a head]. In biology, applied to -kulls of an

with the larger end behind. Having

nil, the trans of which is more than

ng diameter. See /■'.'

Brachycephalism f'-al-izm . See Brachy-

Brachycephalou [ Ipaxvg, short ;

Irachycephalic.
Brachycephaly See pha-

Brachydactylia r, short :

]. Abnormal shortm igers

Brachydactylism

Brachydactylou hort ;

: abnormal -hort-

Brachygnathism ,,,rt;

lerior

Brachykephaba ,,-hy-

Brachymetropia lort;

Brachymetropic

Brachyodon

• th]. In >wned te<

Brachypnea

Brachypodous (brak-ip' -o-dus) . short; it

it]. In biology, possessing a short loot or stalk.
Brachypterous [brak-ip' -ter-ui \ [ ipa \ i g, short ; mv

a wing]. In biology, short-winged.
Brachyrrhinia [brak-e-rin* -e-ah ) \$pa%yg, short; />■'/,

a nose]. Abnormal shortness of the nose.
Brachysomia [brak-e-so' '-me-ah ) [ \pu \ vg, short ; au/a,

body]. Shortness of the body.
Brachyurous u'-rus) [ . short ; ovpd, tail].

In biology, short tail. d.
Bracklet i brak'-let | [bracteola, a thin leaf]. In biology,

the .-mailer bract borne on pedicles.
Bract (brakt) \bractea, a thin plate]. In biology, the

name <<( the modified leaves borne mi flower-pedun

or at the base of flower^clusters.
Bracteole. Same as Bracklet.

Bradesthesia [brad-es-the1 '-ze-ah). See Bradyesthesia.
Bradyarthria [brad-e-ar' -thre-ah)\_ ipaSvg, slow ; hpBpov,

articulation]. Abnormally .-low articulation of words:

bradylalia.
Bradybolism [brad-ib' '-o-lizm) [jSpadfic, slow ; vi'/'/nr,

to throw]. Same as Bradyspermatism.
Bradycardia [brad-e-kar* -de-ah) \ . -low; k<i

the heart]. Slow pulse — the opposite of tachycardia.
Bradycauma (brad-e-kaitZ-mah) \fipa8vg , slow ; /.<

burn: pi., Bradycaumata\ Slow cautery, as with

the moxa.
Bradycrote {brad* -e-krot) \fipa6vg, slow; ttpbrog, a beat-
ing]. Marked by or relating to slowness of the pulse.
Bradycrotic [brad-e-krof '-ik) [Qpadvg, slow; Kporog, a

beating]. Bradycrote.
Bradyecoia [brad-e-ek-oif-ak) \fipadvg, slow ; axoiieiv, to

hear]. Hardness of hearing.
Bradyesthesia [brad-e-es-the* '-ze-ah) [fipaSvg, slow;

aladqaig, perception]. Dulness of perception.
Bradylalia [brad-e-laf -le-ah) [/ipadvg, slow; /.<//.• Iv, to

talk]. A slow and disordered utterance.
Bradylogia [brad-e-lo' -je-ah) [ Ipadvg, slow; Tibyog, dis-
course]. Bradylalia.
Bradymasesis, Bradymassesis {brad-e-mas-e'-sis), or

Bradymastesis [brad-e-mas-te1 '-sis) [/S/mhJuc, slow;

fmarjaig, mastication]. Slow or difficult mastication,

especially that seen in general paralysis, or after

lesions of the fifth nerve.
Bradypepsia [brad-e-pep' '-se-ah) [iipafibg, slow ; ~eipig,

digestion]. Difficult or slow digestion.
Bradyphasia [brad-e-fa' -ze-ah) [/3padbg, slow ; <■

speech]. Bradylalia.
Bradyphrasia [brad-e-fra' -ze-ah) \fipa8vg, slow

utterance]. Slowness of speech; it occurs in -

types of mental disea
Bradypnea [brad-ip-ne' -ah) [^niMr, slow; m

to breathe]. Abnormal slowness of breathing.
Bradyspermatism [brad-e-sper'-mat-izm) [ ^/"

slow; oirkpfw, seed]. Abnormally slow emission of

semen.
Bradysphygmia (/<; '-me-ah) [fipadiig, slow;

r,,r- smc. pulse]. Abnormal slowness of the pulse.
Bradysuria u'-re-ah 5i Bradyuria.

Bradytocia [brad-e-to' '-se-ah) [fipa6vg, slow; -

birth]. Abnormally -low or protrai I'd parturition.
Bradytrophic [brad-e-trof f -ik) [ low; rp

nutrition]. Characterized by slowness of trophic

changes.
Bradyuria [brad-e-u' '-re-ah) [(ipaSvg, slow; <"

urine]. Slow passage of urine.
Braidism [brdd'-izm) [Braid, the originator]. The

hypnotic state produced by fixation of the eye- upon a

-hining object; described by (ames Braid in I
Hypnotism.
Brain [bran) [Low Ger., brazen]. The general con-
tent- oi" the cranium, especially the cerebrum. B.,

DRAIN

233

BRAN

Superior Aspect, or Convexity of the Brain.
i,i. Fissure of Rolando. 2,2. Ascending frontal convolution. 3, 3. As-
cending and superior parietal convolutions. 4, 4. First frontal con-
volution. 5,5. Second frontal. 6,6. Third frontal. 7,7. First occi-
pital. S, 8. Second occipital. 9, 9. Third occipital. 10. Anterior
extremity of corpus callosum. 11, 11. 1'osterior extremity.

Abdominal. See .V /• uts. B., After-.
See .1/ ' a phalon. B. Axis, that portion
of tin- brain substance including tin- island
of Reil, th< i. pons,

medulla, and cerebellum. B. -bladder, a
cerebral vesicle of tin- embryo. B., Com-
pression of, ma_\ arise from injury .,1 1
ease, from sudation, blood extrava-

sation, etc. See ( mpi ion. B., Con-
cussion of, i- tin- result of injury produi
symptoms "i loss of power and function
generally. See Concussion. B. -fag, mental
exhaustion due to overwork. B. Fever
Sec Meningitis; also Synonym of Typhoid
B., Fore-. See Prosencephalon.
B., Hind-. See Epencephalon. B., In-
callosal, one in which there is a complete
absence of the coqxt- callosum. '11

imonl) associated with mental and physi
cal weakness, amounting often to idiocy.
B., Inter-. See Dient phalon. B., Irri-
tation of, follows injur\-, and is marked by
symptoms of irritability and often bj
vulsive phenomena. B., Little, the cere-
bellum. B. -mantle, that portion of the
brain-substance including the convolutions,
corpus callosum, and fornix. B., Mid-.
See Mesencephalon. B.-pan, the cranium.
B., Railway, a neurosis sometimes occur-
ring in those who ride constantly on railway
trains. It is characterized by anesthesia,
or spinal hyperesthesia, insomnia, paresis,
etc. B. Sand, a gritty mineral mattei
found in and about the pineal gland,
sisting mainly of calcium and magnesium
carbonates and phosphates. In function i-
not known. B. -shake. Synonym of //.,
Concussion of. B.-stem, the pons, me-
dulla, and crura cerebri. B. -storm, a
succession of sudden and severe phenomena,
due to some cerebral disturbance. B.-tire,
a condition of brain-exhaustion due to ex-
cessive functional activity. See B.-fag.
B.-wave, the supposed telepathic vibra-
tion of a " mentiferous ether," by which
thoughts and impressions may be transferred
from one person to another. B.-wax.
See Cephalot.

Brainard's Operations. See Operati
Tabic of.

Bramah's Apparatus. An apparatus by
which water may be charged with < '< •.. by
the continuous method.

Bramble \bram' -bl). See Rubus.

Bran [bran) [MIL., bran"]. The epidermis
or outer covering of the seeds of most
cereals. It contains woody matter 35, starch
22, albumin and gluten 13, water 12. gum
8, other matter-, including a small amount
of silica. 10 per cent. it contain-, a
diastatic ferment that converts the starch
into dextrin. B. Bath. See Bath.
B. Tea, a decoction of bran, used in
coutdi-.

Inferior Aspect of the Brain.
1. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. 2. Optic chiasm. 3. Tuber
cinereum and infundibulum. 4. Corpora albicantia, or mamillaria.
5. Pons varolii. 6. Third nerve. 7. Aqueduct of Sylvius. 8. Testes.

10. Inferior surface of frontal lobe. 11. Convolution of the fissure of

Sylvius. 12. Olfactory nerve. 13. Third convolu-
tion mi inferior surface of frontal lobe. 14. Fourth
convolution. 15. Third convolution ol extei
surface of frontal lobe. 16. External border ol
•rior lobe. 17. Sphenoidal extremity. 18. Oc-
cipital extremity. 1 .. Hippocampal convolution.
20. External convolution of posterior lobe. 21.
Middle convolution. 22. Internal convolution. 23.
Gyrus fornicatus.

\< II

::\\

r.Ki \iii

Branch [Ml . .-]. A name Liiwn to

. lymphatics,
the trunk .>r in. tin Stem.
Branchi.t- , gills]. Thi

Branchial gills]. Pertaining

B. Archc B. Open-

ing
Branchiostc.

.n.i-
ills and branchial

Branchireme nus,

i-immer]. In biology, a

Branchu- ss]. Hoarse-

Brand Bath. B. Method. nt,

Brandt's Method. - B.'s

Operation
Bra: B. Nose. See

Bran-. I , a kind of pillorj ].

Branny [ME., .■/.-]. Like bran. B.

.' 'kite Kidney, </. v. B.
Tetter 5
Brasdor's Operation. S rations, Tab I

Brash [D v, to vomit]. A '-(1111111011

tting almost any disorder of the digestive
eruption; a short lit of illn
B.. Water. S is.

Brasilin n [ Ml. .■-/.']. C]6Hu05. Brazilin,

alter round in Brazil-wood and nil- wood ;
it 1 : . shining m ind dissolves

trmin-red □ exposure to the

Bras-- '•'. I An alloy of copperwith 25-

: zinc. B. -Founder's Ague. See

Brassica 1 | [AS., brassica, cabbage]. A

. Nat. < (rder, Cruciferee, including the

B. acidulata, sour crout (or Sauer

Kraut). B. asperifolia esculenta, the common

turnip. B. cauliflora (or florida), the cauliflower.

B. cumana or rubra, thi ge. B. napus,

B. nigra, the black mustard. B.

satr. .. in ( abb

Brassidic Acid - e Xcid.

Braun's Canal mal. B. Operation. See

B. Test. See Te ts, Table

Braune

Braune's Canal.

Brawn iun, a piece of flesh]. The

muscles.
Brawny M | re of flesh].

B. Induration, pathologic harden-

Braxy I.] .\ i,.rm applied to cer-

u sheep. I hi
. turnip;
B., Red, a form ol mia in sheep

in which th

1 B.,
Turnip, 1 form utrition ilood occur-

unlimited supply of
is sudden in
■ ination.

. under

of.

Brayera (bra-ye'-rah) [Fr., brayer\. Koosoo, koosso,
... kousso, cusso. The female inflorescenci
//. a, a Dtaining tannic acid, a volatile

oil and a crystalline principle, Kou n, I , 1 1 ..• >„,.
In large doses it produces nausea and emesis. It is
valuable mainly as an anthelmintic against tapeworm.
Dos ,~ 1 1 5ss, in infusion "I boiling water. B.,
Ext., Fid., d isi 3 lj— 3 j . Infusum Cusso | B. P. |.

1 lose

w ■. 1 1 ; .

Bread {/•>-. d) [Sax., bredan to nourish; l.at., pants; (Ir.,

A mixture of flour and water made porous by

carbon dioxid and then baked. The flour ma) be of

wheat, corn. oat. or rye. I be carbon dioxid may be

introduced by decomposing an alkaline ail ate

dium or potassium), l>\ an a< id ("cream of tartar"),
or bj fermenting the starch with yeast. B., Brown,
a kind of bread made from a mixture of Corn, rye and
wheat Hour. B., Graham, made from unbolted wheat
flour; it contains more gluten, diastase and mineral
phosphates than ordinary bread. B., White, In
made from bolted wheaten flour, and therefore defi
1 u nt in diastase, gluten and mineral phosphates.
( xlier kinds, such as rye (or black |, com, bran, barley,
etc. , indicate their composition by their name. B.-
jelly, a food of service as an occasional change from
mushes, but with a tendency to constipate if given
freely. It is prepared by pouring boiling watei upon
stale bread and allowing it to soak for an hour. The
water is then removed, fresh water added, and the
whole boiled until a thick mas- f< .1 ms. < hi pouring off
the excess of water and bug, a jelly-like material re-
mains which may be eaten with milk or sugar.
B. -mould. See Ascophora. B. -paste, a culture-
medium for bacteria. Stale, coarse bread is dried.
ground to powder and made into a paste with water.
It is well suited for the growth of moulds.

Break {brdk) [ME., breken, to break]. In electricity,
an opening in the circuit of a battery. SeeJIfahe. In
surgery, a fracture. B.-bone Fever. See Dengue.
B. Shock, a term sometimes employed in electro
therapeutics for the physiologic shock produced on
the opening or breaking of an electric circuit.

Breast (//rest) [ME., bn f, the breast]. The upper
anterior part of the body between the neck and abdo-
men. Also, the mamma. B.-bone. See Sternum.
B., Broken, abscess of the mammary gland. B.,
Chicken, Pectus carinatum; a deformity marked by
prominence of the sternal portion of the chest. B.
Glass, a glass receptacle for the overflow of milk
from the breast. B. Pang, angina pectoris. Se<
nocardia. B. Pump. See Antlia. B., Pigeon. Same
as B. , Chicken. B. Tea, German, a mixture of
althea, or marshmallow, eight parts; coltsfoot have-.,
four parts ; liquorice, three parts; anise and mullein
leaves, each two parts; orris, one part : this is called
also specie pectoralis.

Breastweed. Si e Saururus cernuus.

Breath [breth) [AS., bratfi\. The air exhaled from the
lungs, h has lost a part of its oxygen and gained a
tain but varying amount of ammonia, aqueous vapoi
and carbon dioxid from the oxidation of the waste
matter of the blood. Also applied to the air inspired.
B. Sounds, the respiratory sounds heard upon
auscultation. In the healthy chesl three varieties of
respiratory sounds may bi razed: 1. Those pro-

duced in the glottis, and audible over the lower end
of the trachea — tracheal or bronchial breathing. 2.
Those produced in the alveoli and audible over the
lung — vesicular breathing. ;. Those audible about
the root- of the lungs, combining the character of the
two preceding — broncho-vesicular breathing. A 'Table
ith-Sound, i- given on the next page.

BREATHING

235

BREGMATO AN I ERU iR

TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.
tered and enlarged from J. A". /

Varikty

Whi
1 Ieard.

Condition-

OF

Period.

Pitch.

Quai.i I v.

Interval

Duration.

Intensity.

in Willi II

III \KI).

Vi i V THING.

Vesicular.

i. Inspira-
tion.

Low.

Vesicular.

None.

Variable.

the lungs,
in health.

In health.

2. Expira-

Lower.

Blow ing.

Shorter than in-

Faint or ab-

tion.

spiration or
absent.

sent.

Bronchial.

i. Inspira-
tion.

High.

Tracheal.

Distinct.

Variable.

In health, over
tin seventh

In health;
pul monarv

2. Expira-

11 igher.

Tracheal.

Equal to or

ter.

cervical -

tuberculo

tion.

longer t h a n

In </ lobar pneu-

inspiration.

consolidation

monia, large

pleuritic

e ti

i b or a c i c

an e u rysm,

mediastinal

tumors.

Broncho-

i. Inspira-

Higher than

More or less

-

Variable.

In health, ant.,

In h ealt h ;

vesicular.

tion.

in vesicular
breathing.

tracheal.

r sternal
portion of in-

pneumonia,
pn lmonary

2. Expira-

Higher than

More or less

. . . .

About equal to

Greater.

fra-clavic.

l uberculo-

tion.

in vesicular
breathing.

tracheal.

inspiration.

ion ; post.,
upper part oi
inter-scapular
region. In
disease, over
slight con-
solidation.

sis.

Amphoric.

i. Inspira-
tion.

Low.

Hollow and me-
tallic.

Distinct.

....

Variable.

Over a laige
cavilv com-

Pulmonary tu-
berculosis.

2. Expira-

Lower.

Both characters

Longer t h a n

Greater.

m un i eating

tion.

more marked.

inspiration.

\\ ith an open
bronchus.

Cavernous.

i. Inspira-
tion.

Low.

Blowing and
hollow.

Distinct.

Variable.

Over a cavitj
l muni eat-

Pulmonary

tuberculo-

2. Expira-

Lower.

Both charai ters

Longer than

Greater.

ing wall an

sis.

tion.

more marked.

inspiration.

open bron-
chus.

Tubular.

i. Inspira-

Higher than

Larvngeal or

Distinct.

. . . .

Variable.

Over consolid-

Lobar pneu-

tion.

in bronchial
breathing.

whiffing.

ated areas.

monia, pul-
monary tu-

2. Expira-

Higher.

Larvngeal cr

Equal to or

Greater.

berculosis.

tion.

whiffing.

longer than
inspiration.

Breathing (bretk'-ing) [AS. , breetk~\. See Respiration.
B., Abdominal, breathing in which the abdominal
walls move decidedly and in which the diaphragm is
actively engaged. B., Diminished, is the reverse of
/>'. Exaggerated. The normal breath-sound is present,
but its intensity is much diminished. It is very fre-
quently heard at the apex in the early stage of pulmo-
nary tuberculosis. B., Exaggerated, is the normal
•breath sound of children, but when occurring in
adults, it indicates a compensatory action of one part
of the lungs for deficient action elsewhere. It is an
exaggerated degree of the normal vesicular breathing.
B., Interrupted, Wavy or Cogwheel, a broken or
interrupted inspiratory sound produced by nervous-
ness, irregular contraction of the muscles of respira-
tion, or irregular expansion of the lung from disease.
B., Mouth, habitual respiration through the mouth.
B., Puerile. See B., Exaggerated. B., Suppressed,
entire absence of breath sounds, as in pleuritic effu-
sion and certain solid conditions of the lung- B.,
Thoracic, respiration in which the thoracic walls are
actively moved.

Bredsore [bred'-sor) [Vulgar], A sore coming with-
out any visible cause; a whitlow; also called
Breeder.

Breech (brech) [ME., breech']. The buttocks. B.
Position. See Fetus, Position of.

Breeches Splint. A splint that surrounds the leg ;
oftenest made of woven wire.

Breed (bred) [AS., bridan, to nourish]. To beget,
produce ; to nurse ; to develop.

Breeder (brid/-er). See Bredsore.

Breeding-season [bref-ding se/-zun) [AS., /'redan, to
nourish]. The period during which certain species
of animals, especially the lower forms of vertebrates,
beget and rear their young.

Breeze (brSz). See Head-breeze and Static-brei

Brefeld and Nagele's Method. See Fractional Cul-
tivation.

Bregenin [breg'-en-iri) [Low Ger., bregen, brain],
<')n|| _\i>. A name given by Thudichum to a vis-
cous principle, soluble in and crystallizable from
alcohol, by means of which it has been extracted from
brain-tissue. It i- fusible like a fat, but is miscible
with water.

Bregma {breg'-mah) [ Ipt) un, the sinciput : pi., Breg-
mata\ A term applied to the anterior fontanelle.
See Craniometric Points.

Bregmatic (breg-maf -ik) [(ipiyfia, the sinciput]. Re-
lating to a bregma.

Bregmato-anterior [bregf-mat-o-an-t ;.""•

the sinciput ; anterius, front]. Having the bregma in
the anterior portion of the mother's pelvis; applied
to the presentation in labor.

BREGM \ P M OTY1 "II»

Bregmato-cotyloid

the sinciput :"> ] ^ 'tu

ibu-

luir.

BrcgmatodyriK.i • the

vin]. 1 1 i.itti- union of twins b)

the

Bregmato-lambdoid Arc

Bregmato posterior

| Having the
ther's pelvis; a

Bremen \ ' 'ermany. B.

Blue • under Pigtnent.

B. Green, a ■ under .

Bremond's Method.

Brenner's Formula. ["he feeble tone heard when

i galvanic stimulation of the
ponds with the reson-

■ ! the sound conducting appar-

Brenzcatechinsulphuric Acid kat-e-kin-sul-

-

Brephalu , the nev born babe or

In biology, applied to the young of a

it quits the ovum, in whatever

- substitute for larva.

Brephopolysarcia '-kc-ah) \JipkQog, an

. flesh]. Excess of il sh

in an infant

Brephotrophium V-uni) [/3/jc0oc, infant;

to nourish]. An infant asylum; a foundling-

ital.

Breschet. Canals of. See Canal. B., Sinus of, the

Sinus. B.'s Veins. See

Bresgen's Formulae. Silver nitrate powders of vary-
ths, with powdered starch, for use in
rhii;
Breslau Fever. See Fever. B. Test. See Birth.
Breve extensor digitorum t-eks-ten' '-sor dig-it-o' '-

I ..]. The extensor brevis digitorum.
.1/.
Brevicaudate lot) [brevis, short ; cauda,

II. In ! >hort-tailed.

Breviductor I [I.]. The adductor

the thigh. See Ma /> r, Tabl
Breviflexor ['-]• Any short, fl

Brevifoliate . short; folium, a

■ leaved.

Brevilinguai hort; lingua,

I. In bi tongued.

Brevipe I pes, a foot]. In

Brevipc: hort; penna, a wing].

Brevirostrate at [I .short; rostrum,

Brevissimus ocu, '-u-li) [L.]. The

bliquus inferior.

Brewcke's Test.

Bnancon Manna A kind of

■i Ian h-tri
Bribosia's Operation.
Brick-Dust Deposit \ riti-

Bricklayers' Itc I m d

irri'

BRIGH r'S DIS] \-l

Brick-makers' Anemia. Si vlostomia

Bridge (brij) [Ml . ]. i. The upper ridge of the

nose formed l>\ the union of the two nasal bones. -.
In electricity, an apparatus for measuring the resist
.■I a conductor. B. Coloboma. See Coloboma.
B., Herpetic, a term for Fascicular Keratitis, q. v,
B. of Nose, the prominent ridge formed b) the
nasal hone-. B. of Varolius, the pons Varolii.
B.-Work, in dentistry, the adaptation of artificial
crown- of teeth to and over spaces made bj the loss ol
natural teeth, by connecting such crowns to natural
teeth or roots for anchorage by mean- of a bridge, and
thereby dispensing with plates covering more oi \<
the roof of the mouth and the alveolar ridge.

Bridle {bri'-dl) [ME., bridel\ I. A Frenum,
2. A hand or filament stretching at ross the lumen of a
passage, or from side to side oi an ulcer, scar, or ab
scess. B. Stricture, a stricture due to the presence
of a bridle traversing the caliber of tin- urethra.

Brieger, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Tabic of. B.'s Method, a method of separating
ptomaines from a putrefying mass.

Briggs's Operation. See Operations, Tabic of.

Brightic [brtf-ik) [Bright, an English physician], A
person suffering from Blight's disease.

Bright's Disease (brits dis-lzf') [Bright, an English
physician]. A name formerly incorrectly used as a
synonym of albuminuria, and at present covering
several forms of disease of the kidney associated with
albumin in the urine. It may be acute {acute parenchy-
matous nephritis) or chronic I which includes chronic
parenchymatous nephritis, granular contraction of the
kidn vs, and albuminoia ation of the kidn

Bright's disease is considered by Fothergill as
a secondary condition arising from a tendency to-
ward the reversion to that preanthropic type in which
the liver performed the additional office of excreting
uric acid. Acute Bright's Disease is sudden in its
onset, and is associated with chills, headache, hack-
ache, vomiting, ami edema, especially marked in the
eyelids and the cheeks. The urine is scanty or even
Suppressed, of a dark, smoky hue, and contain- a large
amount of albumin, and Mood. Microscopically, bli
corpuscles, renal epithelium, debris, and hyalin, epi
thelial, and blood-casts are found, and occasionally,
also, granular casts. < >< ca-ionally the glomeruli of the
kidney are the seal of tin- most marked change-, an. I
to this condition the term "glomerulo-nephritis," has
been given. The most frequent cause of acute
Bright's disease i- exposure to cold. It is often a coin
plication of the specific fevers, especially scarlet fever,
heath frequentl) results from uremia or cardiac failure,
or the disease may assume a i hronic form. Chronic
Bright's Disease embi has been said, three

distinct diseases of the kidney. Chronic parenchy-
matous nephritis, usually following an acute at-
tack, is also known a- chronic tubal and chronic
quamative nephritis, and from it- size and pallor,
the kidney resulting from the disease is called the
''large white kidney," The capsule peels off readily
and have- a smooth or very slightly granular sur
face. The tubules are most involved in the change;
they are enlarged and distended with proliferated
and swollen epithelial cells. Thei
ening of the interstitial tissue, as a rule. This large
kidney is prone to undergo degenerative chan
the protoplasm of the cells in the tubules bn
ing down into an amorphous debris. The kidi
shrinks, and :it the same time undergoes an increase in
the interstitial tissue, forming what is known as the
" mall white kidney." Granular contraction of the
kidney i- also known a- chronic interstitial nephritis,

BRILLIANT

237

l:k< i.MAMIIi

and the kidney resulting is called the " small red
granular kidney" the " red contra ted kidn
and at times the " gouty kidney" ox the " arterio-
sclerotic kidney '." This kidne) i- usually much di
minished in size and weight; the capsule is greatly
thickened and adherent, so thai it < annul be r< mi
withoul tearing the kidnej tissue. The renal sub-
stano is reddish, granular, with small ind firm

on section. Microscopically, there is found a great
increase in the interstitial dssue, reducing the caliber
of the tubules. This excess of fibrous dssue has given
origin to the name " cirrhotic kidney" and this form of
Bright'.-, disease i- frequently associated with gout,
syphilis, chronic lead poisoning, or alcoholic excess.
Albuminoid degeneration of the kidneys is also known
as the amyloid, waxy, or lardaceous kidney. This
kidney is enlarged and quite pale; its consistence is
firm, and the section has a peculiar, glistening, bacon-
like appearance. The glomeruli stand out as bright
points upon the surface ; the capsule peels off easily
and leave a smooth surface, lodin applied to the
surface of the section turns the diseased portions a
mahogany-brown color. The change in this di>easeis
most marked in the glomeruli and the blood-vess< 1
walls, but may be found elsewhere ; it is most fre-
quently due to prolonged suppuration, hone and joint
disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, malaria, and mercurial
poisoning. The onset of chronic Bright's disease is
usually insidious, and may only be indicated by slight
puffiness of the eyelids or the ankles, shortness of
breath, dull and persistent headache, disorder of vision
and hebetude. The pulse is one of high arterial ten-
sion, and there is hypertrophy of the left ventricle of
the heart, especially in the case of the contracted
kidney; there is frequent micturition, progressive
anemia, dryness of the skin, indigestion, and a ten-
dency to uremia. The urine i- always scanty with the
large white kidney, but abundant with the other forms
of the disease. The specific gravity and the reaction
vary ; occasionally there may be present a small
quantity of blood, and albumin is always present at
some period in chronic Bright's disease. The quantity
of albumin is very large in the large white and amy-
loid kidneys ; very slight in the contracted form. Mi-
croscopically, the urine contains renal epithelium,
granular and fatty matter, and tube-casts. The latter
are most plentiful in the large white kidney, but are
never so numerous as in acute nephritis ; they are
granular, fattv, and hyaline in nature. A frequent
symptom of chronic Bright's disease is the so-called
" albuminuric retinitis" in which condition there are
ecchymoses of the retina, together with white glisten-
ing spots, most numerous near the macula lutea, and
frequently arranged in lines like the radiations from
a star. This i-, diagnostic of chronic renal disease.
The prognosis of chronic Bright's disease is bad, death
eventuallv resulting from uremia or apoplexy.

Brilliant [bril'-yant) [Fr.]. Bright, glittering. B.
Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Yellow.
See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Brim [brim) [ME., brim]. An edge or margin. B. of
Pelvis. See Pelvis.

Brimstone [brim'-stbn). See Sulphur.

Brine Test. See Tests, Tabl

Brinton's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Briquet's Ataxia. See Ataxia, and Diseases, Table of .

Briquettes {brik-e*zf See Pitch.

Brise-coque [brez'-kok) [Fr., "shell-breaker"]. An
instrument for crushing the shell of a calculus after its
inner part has been pulverized.

Brisement (briz-mon(g)' ) [Fr.]. A crushing; the
forcible breaking up of an ankylosis.

Brise-pierre [bn [Fr., " isher"].

An old form < if lithi »trite.
Bristle [bris'-l) [ME., brisleT]. In biology, a stiff,
coarse hair on certain animals and plants. A

ther. B.-cell, any one of the ciliated cell- ai
terminations of the auditory nerve-filaments. B., Den-
tist's. See A < nil Hi i
British [brit'-ish) [1... Brilanni,\ht original inhabit-
ants of Britain]. Of or pertaining to Greal Britain.
B. Gum. Si trin, B. Oil. a mixture

of petroleum, Barbadoes tar. oil of amber, oil ol
juniper, oil of turpentine and linseed oil ; it is prized
a- a di 'in' -in remi dy. I oof.
Broach, 'Watchmaker's {brooch ). A I

1 instrument used by dentists t"i enlarging the
canal in the root, and the opening into a decayed
cavity in the crown ol a tooth.
Broad (/'re*/ ) [ME., brood"]. Wide; extensive. B.
Land Irrigation. See Sewage, Disposal of. B.-
leafed Laurel. See Kalmia. B. Ligament.
/ anient. B. Tapeworm. See Bothrt
latus.
Broca, "Grand Lobe Limbique " of. The cortical
cerebral convolution formed by the continuation of the
gyrus hippocampi with the gyrus fornicatus. This ■
should not be confused with " Broca's I onvolution,"
i. e., the third left frontal.
Broca's Angles. See Angle. B. Aphasia.

eases, Table of. B. Area, the speech-center of the
frontal convolution. B. Auricular Point, the cen-
ter of the external auditory meatus. B. Center.

( ' //A r. B. Convolution. See I onvi lut
Table of. B. Fissure. See Fi sures, J able of. B.
Plane, the alveolo-condyloid plane. A line passing
from the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and
through the lowest part (condyles) of the occipital
bone, the shaven head being so placed that thjs line
shall be horizontal. This is employed in crai
cerebral topography. B. Speech-center, the folded
part of the base of the third frontal gyrus.
Brochus [bro'-kus) [L.]. A person whose teeth pro-
ject, or one who has a prominent upper lip.
Brocq's Pomade. A pomade u^ed in lupus erythe-
matosus. It consists of salicylic and lactic acid-.
each ^ ss ! resorcin, grs. xiv ; oxid of zinc, 5 ij ; pure
vaselin, 3 xvij.
Brodie's Disease. Same as Brodie's Knee. B. Knee.

See Diseases, Table of.
Brokaw Ring [brokf-aw ring). A ring used in intes-
tinal anastomosis, made of segments of rubber drain-
age-tubing and threaded with catgut strand-.
Broken (bro'-ken) [AS.,& cen, to break], [nsurgery,
fractured, a- a bone. B. Breast, abscess of the
mammary gland. B. Wind, B. -winded, in farrier) .
a term applied to a condition of heart-strain following
severe muscular effort. It is characterized by par-
oxysms of cardiac dyspnea. See Heaves. B.-wing
Fever. Synonym of Dengue.
Bromal (brof-mal) [ffpufiog, a stench; aldehyd],
CBrs.CHO. Tribromaldehyd, analogous to chloral.
It i- produced by the action of bromin on alcohol.
It is a colorless, oily fluid, of a penetrating odor, and
sharp burning taste,' boiling at I72°-I73°; it has been
used in medicine, having properties similar to those of
chloral. B. Hydrate, CBr„.CHO 4- II,< >. a flui
oily consistence, having a structure similar to thai ol
chloral hydrate, but more irritating and narcotic than
the latter. It is used as a hypnotic and in epilepsy.
1 »ose gr. j-v. Unof.
Bromamid [bror -mam-id) \ > -tench; amid].

A bmmin compound of the anilid group with the
formula, ( ,! I ,Br N 1 1 . 1 I Br. It contain- 75 per cent.

BRi (MANIL

BRON< Mil ■« I ASIS

of bromin, ami is much u antipyretic, in i

1 5 -
Bromanil '"].

tund obtained b) heating phenol
with l>i n in water. It i I golden-

■r thick plates that melt and

Bromated Antifebrin

Bromatography | food;

gj. A description of <>r treatise on

Bromatology

1 he -
Bromethv. S mid.

Bromid. or Bromide or -mid) [

I bromin; those oi calcium,
um, and sodium arc the ones
. in medicim I hey alia) nervous ex<

largely employed

B. of Ethyl. See Hydrobromic Ether.

Bromidia a stench]. An

American nostrum containing in each fluid dram

chloral hydi -nun bromid, each L,rr. 15, ex-

and extract of hyoscyamus,
half. 1 »ose 5J.
Bromidrosiphobia -mid-ros-e-fo1 '-be-aft) [jfyu/*

I Insane dread of
il smells, with hallucinations as to the
i them.
Bromidrosis .a stench ; 11

1 1 -■ .. 1 »is; an affection of the sweat-glands

in which tin sweat has an offensive odor. It is usu-

ith chronic local hyperidrosis, especially

The odor i> due to a specific decomposi-

t from the presence of the bacterium

Brorr.idum bro* '-mid-urn) [ipu/iog, a stench]. Bromid ;

■ of bromin.

Bnmin, Bromine, or Bromum {bro-min, or -muni)

nch]. Mr 80; quantivalence 1. A

mi liquid, which, at ordinary temperatures,

iting vapor. In its elementary

very active escharotic, and internally a

It is used by inhalation and as an

gtt. ij, largely diluted. The salts

and cardiac depressants, and

ghly valui I ■ salts of the alkaline

tmonly used. They are
I spinal also alterative, anti-

hypnotic. Ammonii bromidum,
NH4Br, Is. Dose gr. v-xx, Auri

bromidum. \urum. Calcii bromidum,

,i Dose gr. v-jjj.
thyl bromid, l ,HjBr, useful in spasmodic coug

- Ethylene bromid. See Ethylene.
Ferri bromidi, Syr., contains ten per cent, of the
3 Lithii bromidum, l.il'.r, granular

r. v-xx. Nickel bro-
midum- ~ Potassii bromidum, KBr,

v- 3 j. Sodii
bromidum, NaBr, i-ds.

- Zinci bromidum. ZnBr2, granular,
jr. ' ,-ij.
ninism, Bromism

tain peculiar phenomena
administration of the
; m ire heada
co' eart's

the soft

in, and a peculiar
en' rid most

constant symptoms. There i> also anorexia with less

of sexual power and atroph) ol the testes or mam-
mae. The patient may become almost imbecile.

Bromo-Caffein [bro-mo-kaf -e-in) [bromin; caffein\.
A proprietary effervescing preparation containing cai
fein. li 1- used for the relief oi headaches.

Bromochloralum [bro-mo-klo-raV -uni) [(JpStfwg,
stench; chloral"]. A proprietarj antiseptic and disin
fecting compound, containing the bromid and chlorid
of aluminum.

Bromoform [bro* -mo-form) \fipofiog, a stench; forma.
form], CHBr„. A bromid having a structure like
that of 1 hlorofonn, CHC1S; it i- an active anesthetii
It- useis not followed by vomiting. It causes irrita-
tion of the conjunctiva an<l respiratory organs, li is
used in whooping cough in doses ofgtt. ij— v in a mix-
ture of wine and water. Unof.

Bromography [bro-mog* -ra-fe) . Same as Broma
raphy.

Bromoiodism [bro-mo-i' '-o-dism) [Bromism; iodisml.
Poisoning 1>\ bromin and iodin compounds together.

Bromol {bro'-mol ), ( 't;l I.. I li .< )l I. Tribromophenol ; an
antiseptic substance used in the fOrmoi a powder, solu-
tion (1 : 30 olive oil), or ointment 1 1 : 10). Internally
it is used in cholera infantum and typhoid fever. I
gr. fo-%. Unof.

Bronchadenitis {brongk-ad-en-i' '-tis) [ >i>"-/xin, tne
bronchial tubes; adqv, gland; trig, inflammation].
Inflammation of the bronchial Iymphati< glands.

Bronchaphrosia [brongk-af-ro' -ze-aft) [/ip6] \ta, bron-
chial tubes; a$p6q, loam]. Obstruction due to the
presence of froth in the bronchioles.

Bronchi [brong'-kt) [ -t/ioyxoc, the windpipe]. The
two tubes into which the trachea divides opposite tin-
third dorsal vertebra, called respectively the right and
the left bronchus.

Bronchia (bron gf-ke-aft) \ \p6] roc, the windpipe]. The
bronchial tubes, especially those that are smaller than
the two bronchi.

Bronchial [prong* -ke-al) [ fyoy;t0C\ the windpipe].
Relating to the bronchi or to their branches, or to the
smaller air-passages in the lungs. B. Arteries,
branches of the thoracic aorta, three or four in num-
ber. They are the nutrient vessels of the lung-. See
Arteries, Table of . B. Catarrh, the simplest form of
acute inflammation of the bronchi. It is the so called
" cold on the chest.'''' The feeling of oppression and
constriction, with slight mucous discharge, is due to
hyperemia and swelling oi the mucous membrane of
the larger bronchi. B. Fluke. See Distoma ringeri.
B. Glands, the chain of glands running beside the
bronchi. They frequent!) undergo pathologic enlarge-
ment and give rise to a group of symptoms — cough,
pain, spasmodic dyspnea, dysphagia, and change in
the voice. The enlargement is usually tuberculous in
nature.

Bronchiectasis [brong-ke-ek' -tas-is) [ i';>", i-», the
windpipe ; enroots, dilatation]. A term denoting the
dilatation or relaxation of tne walls of the bronchi,
arising from inflammation and other causes. It is
very rare as a primary condition, but i-- frequently
associated with some chronic pulmonary disease. It
occurs mosl frequently in pulmonary tuberculosis at the
apex of the lung, but is also frequently seen in the
bronchi at the base of the lung. It may involve a
tube uniforml) for some distant e, producing the cylin-
drical form; or it ma) occui irregularly in sac- or
kets, the sacculated form. If the whole lung be
involved in the change we have produced the so-called
turtle lung. The chai symptom of bron-

chiectasis i> paroxysmal coughing, with the expectora-
tion of large quantities oi muco purulent, often fetid,

BRONCHIOCELE

239

BR< >N< III S

matter. Cavernous breathing will be heard over the
dilated tubes.

Bronchiocele [brong'-ke-o ></ ) \pronchiolus, a littli
passage; /»///'/, tumor], A swelling or dilatation ol a
l>i< mchiole.

Bronchiole [brong,-ke-ol) [dim. of bronchus!. < »tu-
of the smallest subdivisions of the bronchi.

Bronchiolitis [iron ke o-li'-tis) [bronchiolus, a little
bronchus; mg, inflammation j. Inflammation of the

bronchioles. B. exudativa, an inflammal of the

bronchioles, with exudation. Curschmann's theorj of
the production of bronchial asthma.

Bronchostenosis ( brong-ke-o-ste no' \ [ ip6] v..
the windpipe ; art i>6\ . narrow]. Contraction of a
bronchus or of any one or more of the bronchial
tubes.

Bronchitic {brong-kit' -ik) [(3p6yxog, the windpipe].
Relating to, of the nature of, or affected with, bronchitis.

Bronchitis [brong-ki' tis) [ '■■>", i"<, the windpipe ; iriq,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous mem-
brane that lines the bronchial tubes. It is usually
attended with soreness, cough, alteration of the voice,
and febrile symptoms. B., Acute, a severe form of
simple bronchial catarrh. It is the initiatory stage of
the other forms of the disease, and is usually the re-
sult of a chill, though it may be associated with some
other disease, as the exanthemata, and affections of the
kidney and heart. Sibilant and sonorous rhonchi
and bubbling rales may be heard on auscultation.
B., Acute Capillary, a variety in which there is
an involvement of the minute tubes of the lung. It
is most frequently met with in children, usually secon-
darily to other diseases of the lung or other organs.
The symptoms are urgent — dyspnea, short, irritating
cough, nervous depression, and excited action of the
heart. Collapse of portions of the lung frequently
occurs, and the patient may die of asphyxia and ex-
treme exhaustion. B., Catarrhal,, a form attended
with profuse muco-purulent discharges. B., Chronic,
a form occurring either as an independent disease or as
the result of repeated attacks of the acute variety. It
is generally associated with organic changes in the
lungs and other organs, such as emphysema, bronchiec-
tasis, pulmonary tuberculosis and pleurisy. Occurring
in old people, it produces the well-known " winter
cough " of the aged. B., Croupous, Fibrinous, or
Plastic, a rare variety attended with the expectora-
tion of casts of the bronchial tubes, after a paroxysm
of dyspnea and violent coughing. The casts are
fibrinous in nature, hollow, yellowish-white, and
vary from one to seven inches in length. This
form of bronchitis is usually seen in males, and be-
tween the ages of ten and thirty. B., Mechanical,
or Potter's, a form caused by the inhalation of dust,
etc. B., Potter's. See B., Mechanical. B., Putrid,
or Fetid, a variety of chronic bronchitis characterized
by the discharge of a copious, half-liquid, extremely
offensive sputum. The peculiar odor is thought to be
due to a microorganism, especially to a short, slightly-
curved bacillus docribed by Lumnitzer. B., Sum-
mer. Synonymous with Hay Fever, </. v.

Bronchlemmitis i brong- klem-if -tis) [^pd}X°i, the wind-
pipe ; '/hi im,a. skin]. Croupous bronchitis.

Bronchosegophony [brong- ko-e-goff ' -o-ne). See Bron-
choegophony.

Bronchocele [brong/-ko-sel, or -St-'-Ir) [,3/jo; \u<,, the
windpipe ; ki'/'/i/, a tumor]. See Goiter.

Bronchocephalitis [prong-ko-sef-al-i' -tis). Synonym
of / / 'hooping-cough .

Bronchoegophony [brong- ko-e-goff3 '-o-ne) [

the windpipe; alg, a goat; ot.inj. a voice, sound].
Bronchophony combined with egophony.

Broncholemmitis [brong- ko-lem-i' -tis). See Bron h-
lemmitt .

Broncholith [prong* '-ko-lith) [_(3()6yxo£, the wind]
//"or, a stone]. A calculus ort:on< r< tion formi d in a
bronchia! tube.

Bronchomycosis r-ko-mi-ko/-sis) \ . the

windpipe; uvtaiq, a fungus]. Thegrowthoi presence
of fungi in a bronchial tube.

Bronchopathy [brong-kop' -a-the) [>>'/; roc, the wind-
pipe; rradog, disease]. Any disease of the air-
passages.

Bronchophonic [bron n'-ik) [ 3p the wind

pipe; (pur i/, a voice]. Relating to bronchophony.

Bronchophony [brong-koff'-o-ne) [ ;, the wind-

pipe ; ou/7;, the voice]. The resonance of the voice
within the bronchi as beard through the stethoscope.
It is normally present over the lower cervical spi
in the upper inter-scapular region, and over the sternal
portion of the infra-clavicular regions. B., Whis-
pered, bronchophony elicited by causing the patient
to whisper.

Bronchophthisis [brong-ko-thV -sis) [ V"; !'"• the
windpipe; (pdiaiQ, a wasting]. Pulmonary tubercu-
losis characterized by extensive li ions of the bron-
chial tubes.

Bronchophyma [pr > '-mah) [ . the air-

passage ; oi-ua, a growth]. Any growth, as a tuber-
cle, in a bronchial tube.

Bronchoplasty [brong1 ' -ko-plas-te) [ . the tra-

chea ; -'/nrc; ir, to form]. The surgical closure of a
tracheal fissure or fistula.

Broncho-pneumonia [brong-ko-nu-mo^-ne-ah) [
XO(;, the windpipe; irvcv/xuv, the lung]. Lobular
pneumonia, a term applied to inflammation of the
lungs, which, beginning in the bronchi, finally in-
volves the parenchyma of the lungs. This di
most frequently encountered in children, but may
occur in old age. Three varieties are described : I.
A simple, acute form, following a severe bronchial
catarrh. 2. A secondary form, occurring after whoop-
ing-cough or some general febrile infective disease.
3. A rare suppurative form, with the formation of
abscesses throughout the lung. The patient suffering
with broncho-pneumonia presents the following symp-
toms: dyspnea, cough, fever, often high, restlessi
and occasionally marked cerebral symptoms. If con-
valescence be not properly guarded relapses are likely
to occur. The physical signs vary greatly, and are
often not marked. The course of the disease is
generally chronic, and the prognosi> must be guarded.

Bronchorrhagia [brong-kor-a' -je-ak) \fip6yxog, the
bronchus; prjyvwai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage
from the air-passages.

Bronchorrhea [brong- kor-e* '-ah) [ Qp&] ■ x>»\ the bron-
chus; peeiv, to flow]. A form of bronchitis attended
with profuse expectoration.

Bronchostenosis [brong- ko-ste-no* -sis) [ V",' !'"'• tn<-'
windpipe ; crevbq, narrow]. Contraction of a
bronchus.

Bronchotome [brong* '-ko-tom) [■}/'<; i" . the windpipe;
rif/veiv, to cut]. An instrument for cutting the
larynx or trachea in the operation of bronchotomy.

Bronchotomy [brong- kotf-o- me) [ 3p6] \<-> -. bronchus;
ten-, to cut]. A surgical cutting-operation upon
the bronchus, larynx, or trachea.

Broncho-tracheal [brong-ko-tra' '-ke-al) \fipbyxK, the
bronchus; . the windpipe]. Relating to a

bronchus (or to both bronchi i and to the trachea.

Broncho-vesicular [bron-ko-ves-ik* -u-lar) [..fyt; \<><-,
the bronchus ; r >th bronchial

and vesicular. See Breath-S

Bronchus [brong/-kus). See Bronchi.

SSON'S ME'l II' »r>

JIM

i;ki i I

Bronson's Method. -
Bronze

. tin B. John.

B. Liver. ;: brown >>r

I morten

trial

Bronzed |- rann< d ; ol

B. Skin, i Addison's

B.-skin Dises
Broo I In 1 iffspring ;

B. -cells, in cell-di mother

B.-food, a highly
1 I (j ;

Brooke's Ointment. An ointment for treating lupus.
jt md powdered starch

: hyd. oleatis

d J<> -iain>;

ough red

: may be addi d to match

Bioom s ius.

Brosimum I]. A genus of

Am rica. B. galactoden-
dron, ' milky sap is

nut nd yields both a ch< I and a wax

lie-.
Broth

Brother Ulcer S e Donda IVdugu.

Brousniku i [Rus.]. The berries of

■ 1 bilben nium litis id

the form on in Russia for the relief

Broussaisism ussais, a French phy-

•j ). I he physii , and therapeutic

ught by J. V. Broussais.
Broussaism izm). See Broussaisism.

Brow Ml . ]. Theforehead; then

am rtion of the head. B.-Ague, neuralgia

of division of the fifth crania] nerve, com-

vith in malarious districts, though at times
urring independently of such surroundings, and
then dependent upon some diathesis, especially the
ity. B. Presentation, presentation of the fetal
. Positi
Brown [ME., brown\. A dark reddish-yel-

.r. B. Atrophy, an atrophy of a tissue asso
ii therein oi a brow a or yellow
B. Coal. :' I Lignite. B. Crown,

. an artificial, all porcelain crown, which
i natural i if an irii

iked in position. The pin has the
ti »iili, where the
this strength i- further in-
pon elain upi m th< pin. B.
Edem.i B. Induration of Lung, a

tntinued congestion,
I hi j or from

litral val i I be lungs are

ing the thorax, and
uliar tint shading into a brown

udes "ii |
nt-gi mules in the
B. Madder. See
B. Mixture. See Mistura
B. Ointment, the
. unguentum
It i- composed
" I

part. B. Pink B.

Plaster ,'inu, \ . I , ;

called also emplastrum matris camphoratum, • «r
mphorated mother's plaster ; ' ' official in i ierman
pharmacy. It is made of red « >\ i< 1 of lead, thirty
parts; oil oi olives, sixt) parts; yellow wax, fifti
parts; camphor, one part. B. Study. S< ■• ( ! no-

B. Wort, tin- |'l. int Brunella vulgarx
ularly reckoned a good vulnerary, as well as a cure
for si ire throat. I u< ii

Brown's Operation. See Operations, T<il>l<- of.

Browne's Operation. See Operations, 'table of.

Brownian Movement. An oscillation or agitation ob-
served under the microscope in very fine granules,
drops, eii . when suspended in a liquid. The m
iiu nt i- not locomotion, and is to be distinguished from
that of the self-motility of living microorganisms. Its
cause is not definitely known, but it maj be due to
heat, Ught, electricity, osmosis, etc. See Ped

Brownism {brown* -izm) . See Brunonian 7h\

Brown-Sequard's Combination of Symptoms. See
us and Symptoms, Table of. B. Disease. See
Diseases, Table of. B. Method of Treatment. See
Treatment, Methods of. B. Paralysis. See Dis-
eases, Table of.

Bruch, Clusters of. See Gland, . Iggregat d, of Bruch.
B., Glands of. See Gland.

Brucin U>ruf-siri) \Brucea, a genus of shrubs], I .dl
N,04. A poisonous alkaloid found in Strychnos nux
vomica and in Strychnos Ignatius. It crystallizes in
prisms containing .\\ !.,<>, and melts at 17S0. It-
taste is exceedingly Inner and acrid. In action on
the animal economy is similar to but much less power-
ful than that of strychnin. See Nux I , mica.

Briicke's Berlin Blue Mass. A warm-flowing mass
for injecting tissues. It. i — made as follows: potassium
ferrocyanid, 217 gra.; water, iood c.c; ferrous chlorid
1 part; water 10 pari I qua! volumes of these

utions and add to each twice its volume <if a cold
saturated solution of sodium sulphate, Add the iron
solution to the ferrocyanid solution, with constant
stirring. Filter and wash the precipitate with the
filtrate until it runs through clear, then wash with
water until the filtrate rim- off blue. Dry the precip
itate. To a concentrated solution of this blue add
mgh gelatin to make a firm jelly when cold. Heat
to bo° C. and filter through flannel. B.'s Fluid,
potassio-mercuric iodid, employed in the precipitation
ofproteids. B.'s Method, a method of removing all
the proteids from a substance. Acidulate the liquid
with HC1, and then add to it a solution of pota
mercuric iodid, made by saturating with mercuric
iodid a boiling solution of potassium iodid. B.'s
Muscle. See Muscles, Table of B.'s Reagent.
See Tests, Table of B.'s Red Mass, a material foi
injecting the body. A concentrated solution ol potas
yanid 1- injected into the artery until it
runs clear from the vein. Then as much as possible
is allowed to drain away. Next a concentrated solu
tion of cupric sulphat frei from iron is injected. Bj
this method the red cupric ferrocyanid is precipitated
in the vessels. B.'s Test. Same as B.'s Reagent.

Bruise Sei C ntusion.

Bruit \hm-e' ) [Fr., a noise or report]. A term used
by I- rem h physii ians to designate the various specific
sound- of auscultation. B. d'airain, Trousseau's
term for the ringing note heard through the stethosi ope
applied to th wall when a coin i- struck against

anothei linsl the surfai 1 hi si on the

opposite side. It is pathognomonii ol a collection ol
gas in the plei • ny. B. de clapotement, a

lashing sound often heard in cases ol well-marked
dilatation of the stomach whi n pi sure is made upon
the abdominal walls. It is besl elii ited when the

BRI \l I

J II

Bl I I \l.

patient is in the recumbenl position, with relaxed
abdominal walls, b) palpating near the left border of
the ribs. The same sound can l>< pi by shak-

ing the patient [bruit de «). B. de braque

ment, a crackling sound. B. de cuir neuf, the new
leather murmur ol the French; the creaking quality
occasionally heard in pericardial Friction sounds. B.
de diable, a venous murmur, ol a whistling 01 rush
ing character, arising in the bulb of the common jugu
l.u vein, and due to such diseases as anemia, 1
poisoning, etc ; il is more common in the young, and
i i aused immediately by the vibration of the blood flow-
ing from the narrow part oi the common jugular vein
into the wide, bulbous portion of the vessel. See also
Murmur. B. de galop, a cantering rhythm of the
heart frequently heard in mitral stenosis, in which
three distinct heart-sounds are audible. It is due to
a reduplication of the second sound. See also Gallop
Rhythm. B. de glou-glou. See />'. de ./'</
ment. B. de lime. See />'. de scie. B. de mou-
lin, water wheel sound ; a peculiar friction-sound
mixed with splashing and gurgling, heard in pneumo-
hydropericardium. B. d'oboe, a musical heart-mur-
mur. B. de pot fele, the cracked-pot sound. B.
de parchemin, a rattling, as of parchment. B. de
rape. See Bruit de scie. B. de rappel, a sound
resembling the double beat upon a drum. This
doubling of the heart-sound- may be noted in different
stages of chronic interstitial nephritis, when it is the
first sound that is duplicated ; and in mitral stenosis,
when the second sound is doubled. B. de scie, a
murmur sounding like that made by a saw or file. Also
called B. de r&pe and />'. de lime. B. skodique, an
amphoric note heard in the pleural cavity, especially
mar the apex anteriorly, when there is a rluid accumula-
tion not filling the whole of the plural sac. -Also
called Skoda s tympany. B. de soufflet, a bellow-
murmur. B. de soupape, a flapping sound. B. de
de va et vient, a to-and-fro fnction-sound.

Brian's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Brunet, or Brunette [bru-net') [Fr.j. I. Of a dark
complexion. 2. One with a dark complexion.

Bruning's Red. Same as Rosanilin.

Brunissure (brun-is-ur/ ') [Fr. , brunisseur, that which
browns]. A disease of the grape, attacking the leaves
only, caused by Plasmodio pora vitis. t Viala and Sau-
vageau). Also called Braune.

Brunner's Glands. See Glands.

Brunonian Movement. See Brownian Movement.
B. Theory, brownism; a doctrine taught by Dr.
J. Brown (1735-SS) that both physiologic and
pathologic phenomena are due to variations in a natural
stimulus, its excess causing sthenic and its deficiency
producing asthenic disease-.

Brunswick (brunz'-wih) [tier.]. A town in Germany.
B. Black. Same as Japan Black. B.Green. -
Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment.

Brush (brush) [ME., brusshe"]. An instrument con-
si-ting of a collection of some flexible material fas-
tened to a handle. In surgery, various forms of
brush are employed; as the acid brush, of glass
threads; the electric brush, a form of electrode; the
laryngeal brush ; the nasal, pharyngeal, and stomach
brush. See also Pencil. 2. A thicket of -mall trees.
B.-burn, the injury produced by violent friction, and
the resulting heat ; it often resembles a burn qr scald.
B. -cells. See Cell.

Bryant, Ampulla of. See Ampulla.

Bryant's Line. See Line.-, Table of. B.'s Method.
See Treatment . Methods of. B.'s Operations.
Operations, Table of. B.'s Triangle. See Triangles,
7 'able of.
r6

Bryce's Test. A test to determine if systemic infection
has taken place alter vaccination. It 1 onsists in rei
ing the inoculation during tin: evolution of the vaccine
disease, [f systemic infection i rred, the sec-

ond inoculation will mature rapidly,
the first.

Brygmus {bi , biting]. Same as Odon-

toprisis.

Bryology [bri-oP-o ;'e) [ 3pbov, a moss ; teyetv, to -peak].
The science of mos

Bryonia [bri-</ -ne-ah) [ . bryony]. Bryony.

The root of B. alba and />'. dioica ; indigenous to
I mope, with properties due to an intensely bitter l;1u-

'•'ii. ' i-IL.'1,,.- a strong irritant v.
a]. plied to the -kin or mUCOUS inembrai.
during ve-ication. It is a remedy <ff great value in
pleurisy, pleuro-pneumonia, and rheumatic fever, and
an excellent agent in cold-. Dose of the powdered
t gr. x— xxx. B., Infusumiunol strength

of 3J to the l 'i ol water. Dose ^ss-ij. B., Tinct.,
a 10 per cent, solution of the root in alcohol. 1 I

"I ' A

Bryonin [bri-o'-nin) [ ipvun a, bryony]. A precipitate
from the tincture oi B yonia alba ; useful as a hydra

ii< , and in rheumatism and bronchial affecti
I '"se gr. ij-1^. Unof. See Bryonia. Dose as a
drastic purgative, gr. ' i,-1/^-

Bryony (bri'-o-ne). See Bryonia. B. Black.
Tamus.

Bryoplastic [bri-o-plas'-tik) \Bpvov, moss; n'kaoo
to form]. A descriptive term loosely applied to such
abnormal growths of tissue as resemble vegetable forms.

Bryoretin (bri-o-re' '-tin) [Ppvavia, bryony; /»■ -
resin]. A resin-like sub-tance obtainable from the
glucosid bryonin.

Bubaline (bid-bal-in) \bubalinus, pertaining to the
bubalus. buffalo]. In biology, resembling or pertain
ing to the buffalo.

Bubby (bub'-e) [E. dial.]. I. A vulgar nam.
the mamma. 2. A local name for Calycanthtts
/i rid us.

Bubo (bu'-bo) [ lot1 Mtv, the groin]. Inflammation and
swelling of a lymphatic gland, properly and generally
of the groin, and usually following chancroid, gon-
orrhea or syphilitic infection. B., Parotid.
Parotitis. B., Primary, a slight adenitis of the
groin due to mechanical irritation, or other cause;
formerly supposed to be due to syphilis without a
chancre having preceded. B., Sympathetic, one
caused by irritation, friction, injury, etc., and not
arising from an infection- di-ease.

Bubonadenitis (bu-bon-ad-en-i* '-tis) \_3nv3ijv, the groin ;
aHijv, a gland ; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of
an inguinal gland.

Bubonalgia [bu-bon-al' -je-ah) \fivo$iw, the groin ;
dAyoc, pain]. Pain in the inguinal region.

Bubonic [bu-bon'-ik) [/?ov/Jwv, the groin]. Relating
to a bubo. B. Plague. Synonym of the Plague, ,;.- .

Bubonocele (bu-bon'-o-sel) [(ioviiav, the groin; k'/>>,
tumor]. Inguinal hernia when the gut does not ex-
tend beyond the inguinal canal.

Bubononcus [bu-bon-ong* '-kus) \fiov$fov, the groin;
, a tumor]. A swelling in the groin.

Bubonopanus (bu-bon-o-pa'-nus) [/801 Mn>, the groin;
Trdi'oc, torch]. An inguinal bubo.

Bubonulus (bu-bon'.-u-lus) [L. , dim. of bubo']. Lym-
phangitis of the dorsum of the penis, often with
abscesses : due to chancroidal virus.

Bucca (buk'-ah) [L.]. 1. The mouth ; the hollow of
the cheek, or its inner surface. 2. The -vulva.

Buccal {bi(lc'-al) [bucca, the cheek]. Pertaining to
the cheek'. B. Coitus. See Irrumation and Name-

Bl C< IN M

2 1 2

Bl I BAR

ksi B. Glands. S B. Teeth,

the teeth behind the canini Jled because

thi the inside of the clucks, in the

human - ley are the bicuspids and molars.

Buccinal i trumpet]. In

Buccinator , a trumpet]. The

thin, i!.u m
Bucc

Bucco-labial the mouth;

. .i lip]. Pertaining t>> the mouth and lip.

B. Muscle,

Bucco-pharyngeal the

the pharynx]. Relating to the mouth

. 'IV

Buccula [I... dim. of bucca, the cheek].

11, beneath the chin, and forming

- bin.

Buchanan's Operations. Sec Operations, Table of.

Buchu [native African]. The leaves of

•.'/. yielding a volatile oil, to

wh - are probably due, and a bitter

smin. Dosegr. j-v. It causes a sensa-

tioi iving warmth over the body, simulates the

the circulation. It is useful
in urethritis an. i as of the genito-urinary mucous

membrane. Dose of the leaves, gr. xv-xxx. B.,
Ext., Fid. Dose rrLx-^j. B., Infusum (Unof. ),
5j tj. B., Infusum (B. P.).

g -iv. B., Tinctura, (B. P.) Dose 3J-ij.
Buck's Apparatus. An apparatus consisting of a
pulley for applying extension to a limb.
B. Fascia, the superficial perineal fascia. B.
Method. See Treattn iods of. B. Opera-

tions. See Operations, Table of.
Buckbean i>ean. The rhizome of

nthes trifoliata, tonic, antiscorbutic, and em-
igogue. It has been recommended as a vermi-
las been used in functional amenorrhea.
M\v— xxx. Unof.
Bucket Fever [bukf 3i ver.

Buckeye Bark bu V-i bark). The bark of .-l-'seulus
it and tonic, and serviceable in rectal
irritation, prolapsus, and various uterine derange-
of fid. ext. gtt. iij-v. I'nof.
Buckhorn n). The horn of a buck. When

■ r calcined, it is used by dentists for polish-
■, and for removing light de-
t tartar. B. Fern, a fern, called also royal fern,
tiunda regali ; it is vaunted as a cure for rickets.

Buckle-she!'. '-she/) [New Eng. dialect]. A

ently moulted lobsti i called paper-shell

ter.
Buck- Buchu.

Buckthorn See Frangula. B., Cali-

fornia, 'da.

Buck:. Buchu.

Buckwheat , ed or grain of /

ies of the same

substitute for

a high rank as a

!, indigestion

uliai • ugliness

I he flowersol the planl

•. is interior.

Bucnem; i ; MV/„;/< the

nse-

B. Tropica. arabum.

Bud i bud]. In biology, the unde

Budd's Disease. See Diseases, '/able of.

Budding (bud'-ing) [ME. , buddenl. In biology, a
reproduction or cell-division, occurring among
the polyps and infusoria;, in which a bud i- given ofl
by the parent and comes to resemble the latter. The
bud may remain permanently attached or may form a
colony, each member acquiring a differentiation of
function, even to the formation of male and female ele-
ments. The process is also called Gemmation, </. ?\

Budge's Center. See Center.

Buffalo Rubin (bnf'-al-o nt'-bin). See Pigments, Con
spec t us of.

Buffers' Consumption [buf'-en con-sump' -shun).
The phthisis oc< m i Lng among metal-polishers.

Buffy Coat {buf'-e-kbt). A grayish or buff-colored
crust or layer sometimes seen upon a blood-clot, after
phlebotomy, and once looked upon as a sign of inflam-
mation. It is caused by the partial subsidence of the
red blood-corpuscles.

Bufidin {bu'-fid-in) [bufo, the toad]. Phrynin; an
alkaloid from the venom of the toad; it is poisonous,
and said to resemble digitalin in its effects.

Bufoniform [bu-fon'-if-orm) [bufo, a toad ; forma,
shape]. In biology, toad-like.

Bugbane (bug/-ban). See Cimicifuga.

Buggery (bug'-er-e) [OF., bou^re, an heretic]. Sodomy;
bestiality.

Bugleweed (bu'-gl-wid). The herb, Lycopus virgini-
cus, narcotic and astringent. Dose of fid. ext. -J ss-
ij. Lycopin, concentrated extract. Dose gr. j— iv.
Unof.

Buhach (bu'-hateh) [Serbo-croatian for flea-bane ; bu/ia,
a flea]. The plant Pyrethrum cinerariafolium. See
Insect Powder.

Buhl's Disease. See /A . Cable of.

Bulam, or Bulama Boil {bu'-lam or bii-lam'-ali boil).
A boil occurring on the African island of Bulam ;
probably caused by a burrowing-wonn or insect-
larva.. B. Fever, a West-Africa coast fever, said to
be identical with yellow fever.

Bulata (bul> '-at-ah). See Balata.

Bulb [bulb) [Bdkpbg, a bulb]. I. The expansion or
dilatation of a canal or vessel. 2. Applied to the
medulla and pons. ^. A short underground stem
covered with fleshy leaf-bases or fleshy leaves, as
the onion and squill. B. of Aorta, the dilatation
of the aorta near its beginning. B. of Corpus
Cavernosum, the muscle beneath the bulb of the
urethra. B. of an Eye, the eyeball. B. of For-
nix. See Corpora. B. of a Hair, the swelling at
the root of a hair. B., Olfactory, one of tin two
bulbs of the olfactory nerve situated on either side of
the longitudinal fissure upon the under surface ol each
anterior lobe of the cerebrum. B. of a Tooth, the
papilla that form-, the germ of a tooth. B. of
Urethra, the posterior expanded part of the corpus
spongiosum penis. B. of the Vagina, a small body
of erectile tissue on each side of the vestibule of the
vagina, homologous to the bulb of the urethra of the
male. B. of Vena Jugularis, (he dilatation at the
beginning of the external jugular vein.

Bulbar {bulf-bar) [fio2 )6e, a bulb], bulbous. Pertain-
ing to the medulla. B. Disease, or Paralysis, a
term applied to the progressive and symmetrica] paral-
ysis ol the facial muscles about the mouth, including
those of the tongue, pharynx, and sometimes those of
the larynx. Thi- paralysis is due to a disease of the
motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata ; an acute and
a chronic form are met with. The acute form is due
to hemorrhage or softening; the chronic to degenera-
tion. 'I he chronic form is insidious in its approach,
the tongue often being the first organ involved ; the

BULBI VES1 ll:i II

2i:;

BURNER

course is slow but progressive, and death usually
results in from one to four years. Bulbar paralysis

usually occurs after forty years of age. Syphilis is
not a predisposing cause. The disease i^ also called
Labio-glosso-laryngeal Paralysis. There is also a
pseudo-bulbar paralysis, due to symmetrical lesions of
the motor cerebral cortex.

Bulbi vestibuli [bul'-bi ves-tibf -u-li) [I..]. A name
sometimes given to the glands of Bartholin.

Bulbil, or Bulblet [bul'-bil, bulb' -let) [ ioXfJog, a bulb].
Small bulbs of fleshy buds frequently occurring on
above-ground parts of plants, a> the bulblets of some
onions and of the tiger lily.

Bulbillae [bul-bil'-e) [bulbillus, dim. of bu/bus, a bulb].
In biology, gemmae ofhydroid zoophytes that become
detached at an early Stage, and are then capable of
independent development.

Bulbo-cavernosus (bul-bo-kav-ern-o'-sus) [/3o/l/3<», a
bulb; caverna, a cavern]. A perineal muscle in the
male subject, corresponding to the sphincter vaginae
of the female. See Muscles, Table of.

Bulbo-urethral {bul-bo-u-rithf -ral) [/Jofy3<$c, a bull);
miprfipa, the urethra]. Relating to the bulb of the
urethra.

Bulbus [bul'-bus) [L.]. A bulb. B. arteriosus; in
a certain stage in the development of the heart, the
upper aortic enlargement is so called. B. rhachidi-
chus, the medulla oblongata.

Bulesis {bu-le'-sis) [fiovAqoig, the will]. The will, or
an act of the will.

Bulimia (bu-lim'-e-ah) [(5oi>, increase; '/tuor, hunger].
Excessive, morbid hunger; it sometimes occurs in
idiots and insane persons, and it is also a symptom of
diabetes mellitus.

Bulimic (lnt-lim'-ik) [fiov, increase; '/tuor, hunger].
Pertaining to or affected with bulimia.

Bulithos \bu' -lith-os) [@ovr, ox ; '/.idor, stone]. A
bezoar from the ox or the cow.

Bulla {bid' -ah) [bulla, a bubble : //. , Bulla:]. .A bleb
or " blister," consisting of a portion of the epidermis
detached from the skin by the infiltration of watery
fluid. The bulla differs from the vesicle mainly in
size. B. ethmoidalis, a rounded projection into
the middle meatus of the nose, due to an enlarged
ethmoid cell. B., Hemorrhagic. See Purpura.
B. ossea, the inflated or dilated part of the bony
external meatus of the ear.

Bullate {bill'-at) [bulla, a bubble]. Inflated; forni-
cated and with thin walls ; blistered ; marked by
bullae.

Bull-dog Forceps {bill' '-dog for' '-seps). See Forceps.

Bullet Extractor {bill' ' -et eks-trak' '-tor). See Forceps.

Bullous (bu/'-us\ [bulla, a blister]. Marked by bulke ;
of the nature of a bulla.

Bully's Toilet Vinegar. A cosmetic consisting of
tincture of benzoin, 1.0 ; acetic acid, 4.0 ; Cologne
water, 100.0.

Bully Tree {bul'-e-tre). See Balata.

Bulopeithia {bu-lo-pi'-the-ah) [(SovAq, will ; ireideiv, to
persuade]. An exaggerated hopefulness or morbid
expectation of that which is desired.

Bumastos {bu-mas'-tos) [(3oi>c, large (ox); not
breast]. A very large or hypertrophied mamma.

Bumble Foot (bum'-bl foot). A disease of poultry,
appearing as a wart like substance growing in the ball
of the foot. It is caused by high perches or by con-
stant walking on cement or stone.

Bump {bump) [origin uncertain]. Anyone of those
eminences of the external surface of the skull that are
conceived by phrenologists to mark the localities of
the various " organs " of the brain.

Bumstead's Operations. See Operation, Table of .

Bundle ibuu'-dl ) [ME., bundel]. In biology, a fasci-
cular grouping of elemental) tissues, as n< rv< -fibers or
musi le fibers. B. of Vicq d'Azyr, a thick bundle
of nerve-fibers arising in the more caudad of the two
median nuclei of the corpus candicans of the brain,
and extending to the anterior tubercle of the thalamus.
It was formerly called the fornix d cendens. B.-
sheath, " In many plants a ring of cells, often with
strongly-thickened and lignified walls, developed only
mi the outside of the bast, or around the entire bundle,
or around the whole mass of fibro-vascular bund!
(Thoma.)

Bunion \ buu'-yuu) [origin uncertain]. A swelling of
a bursa of the foot, especially of the great toe.

Bunodont ibu' no-dont) \ 1 hill, mound ; 61

Jooth], Pertaining to tuberculate molar t>

Bunsen Burner. See Burner. B. Cell. See Cell.

Bunt (bunt). See Smut.

Buphthalmia {buf-thaV-me-ah), or Buphthalmos

{bufllial'rliivS) [ >"i ■ . OXJ nrilhi/ i/or, eye].
Ac >at oglobus.

Bupleurum [bu-plu' '-rum) [L.]. A genu~ of umbelli-
ferous herbs. Several old world species were formerly
employed in medicine, especially />'. rotundifolium ,
of which the leaves and fruit are considered vulnerary
and discutient. I not.

Bur, or Burr [ME., burr,-, a bur]. I. In botany, a
rough, prickly shell or case. 2. The lobe of the ear.
3. In dentistry, an instrument for polishing the teeth.
B. Drills, dental instruments oi spherical, cone-shape,
cylindrical, and wheel-forms, for opening and form-
ing cavities. Flexible burs and drills having spring-
tempered stems are used for opening and preparing
nerve canals. B. Thimble, in dentistry, an open
ring for the middle or index finger, with a socket
attached, in which rests the end of the handle of the
drill used in excavating a cavity in a tooth, preparatory
to filling it.

Burckhardt's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Burcquism {boork' -izm). See Metallotherapy.

Burdach, Column of. See Funiculus cuneatus and
Column. B., Cords of, the cords formed in the dorsal
zone of the human spinal cord by the meeting of the
oval bundles of His below the cords of Goll. B.'s
Fissures. See Fissures, Table of.

Burdock {ber'-dok). See Lappa.

Burdwan Fever {berd'-wan fer-ver). See Fever.

Buret, or Burette (bit-ret') [Fr.]. A graduated tube
designed for measuring small quantities of a reagent.
It is usually held vertically in a stand and provided
with a stopcock.

Burggrave's Apparatus. Same a- Sen tin' 's Appara-
tus, with the addition of a layer of wool around the
limb.

Burgundy Pitch. See Fix.

Burking [Burke, a noted criminal]. Suffocation pro-
duced by a combination of pressure on the che~t with
closure of the mouth and nostrils. This was the
method employed by Burke.

Burmah Boil. A form of endemic ulcer common in
Burmah.

Burmese (bur-mez') [native]. Pertaining to Burmah,
a province of Farther India. B. Lacquer. See
Lacquer. B. Ringworm, Fox's name for a severe
and troublesome form of Tinea circinata.

Burn [MP... b, men, to burn]. I. To become inflamed.
2. To be charred or scorched. 3. To have the sensa-
tion of heat. 4. An injury caused by fire or dry heat.
5. A disease in vegetables. 6. In chemistry, to
oxygenize. 7. In surgery, to cauterize.

Burner [MP., bernen, to burn]. A common name
for a lamp or heating apparatus used in laboratories

BURNE I I > DISINFE( [TNG FLUID

244

Bl iter

nnaceutic purposes. B., Argand,

i inner tube for sup-

the flame with air B., Bunsen, a form in

i quantit) "l
ixidation ignition.

Bur- Disinfecting Fluid V

]UI , of water) with a

u. ut of water
tn antiseptic and deodor-

Burning burn], Consum

B. of the Feet, a neurotii

immon in India.

B. Oil. !'t burning oils are

the two standards ol color and

from pale-yellow stand-

ind coloi

to which mmercial

IIO° I-'., 120° F., and

i , [] g mainly to the continent

lina and Japan, and that of 120°

i ; iii-;. and water-

w'n . in the trad

o° 1-., fire-test, and specific grav-
■ i •• mineral
i- a product of Rus-
:what similar to mineral sperm
. ravity of .865, and a fire-test
1 B. Point, in testing petroleum oils, the
which a spark or lighted jet will ignite
. which then continues to burn. This
■it is usually 6° to 200 C. higher than the flash-
but there is no fixed relation between the two.
Burnisher [Ml . . to polish] An instru-

ii polishing different kinds of metals, and
in the laboratory of the dentist, for finishing pieces of
nanism.
Burns, Ligament of. The falciform process of the

Burns's Amaurosis. See Amblyopia, Post- Marital ;

Burnt [ME., '■ men, to burn]. Scorched ; injured by
dry beat. Consumed by fire. B. Alum. See Alu-
um. B. Sponge. Si ran us/a. B.

Ocher.

Burow's von 1 Operations. See Operations, Tabic of.
B. Veins, small veins joining the portal and general

Burra Gookeroo {bur'-ak gook'-er-oo) [E. Ind.]. The

- of u anuginosus, a plant of the

ively throughout the

i diuretic and aphrodisiac. It

ief of nocturnal emissions

Dos 'i the fluid extract n\xx-l ; ol

~ ij; of the syrup 1 for children) 3 ss-j.

Burras Pipe tiaii ;

'ic.
Burr:- . a harshness in the

thr ; in stammering, the mispronun-

B. Engine, a dental appliance
. in forming cavities, etc.

Burrow -,-., a hole]. 1 To make

a I in ; said of the itch

through, as pus through

Burrowin hole]. The

• pus through the tissi
th 1 hi- not burst 01

Bursa - ' , Bursa ]. A

m ■ upon one

another. B. anserina, a pouch situated between
the long internal lateral ligament and the lowei inter-
nal hamstring tendons. B. colera, the gall bladder.
B. cordis, the pericardium. B. fabricii, "A glan-
dular organ existing in both sexes and all specie- of
birds; most developed in young birds, more or less
atrophied in adults; it opens on the dorsal wall of
the cloaca, into the lowest chamber of that organ."
Forbes | B. mucosae, a bursa situated in sub
cutaneous areolar tissue. B., Plantar, a bursa situ-
ate.1 over the instep, either above or below a tendon.
B., Popliteal, a bursa situated in the popliteal spa. .

between the tendon ol the semimembranosus and the

tendon of the inner head of the gastrocnemius, wl
thej rub against each other. B., Prepatellar, a
bursa situated over the patella and over the upper part
of the patellar ligament. B., Synovial, found be
tween tendons and bony surfaces. B. vaginalis,
the synovial sheath.

Bursal (bur'-sal) [bursa, a purse]. Pertaining to a
bursa, sac, or follicle.

Bursalogy [bur-sal' -o-je) [bursa, a purse; A<5yoc, sci-
]. The science or study of the bursa ; the
anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the bin

Bursera [bur' -ser-afi) [Burser, a German botanist]. A
genus of tropical tree-, several species of which afford
inous gums. B. acuminata affords caranna ; A
tomentosa furnishes tacamahac.

Burseraceous [bur-ser-a' -se-us\ [Burser, a German
botanist]. Pertaining to or resembling the genus
Bursera.

Bursiculate {bur-sik'-u-lat') [bursicula; dim. of bursa.
a purse]. In biology, pouch or purse like, or possessing
a bursa.

Bursiform [bur' -si form] [bursa, a purse ; forma, form].
Resembling a bursa.

Bursitis [bur-si' -tis) [bursa, a purse; trie, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of a bursa. B., Tornwaldt's,
catarrhal inflammation of the anterior portion of the
median recess of the naso-pharnyx.

Bursula [bur'-su-lah) [dim. of bursa, a purse]. A
small bursa ; the scrotum.

Burton's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.

Busch's Operations. See Operations, 'Jab/cot'. B.'s
Version, in obstetrics, direct version, the head
being grasped by one hand; while the other hand
pushes the breech ol the child upward, the head is
pulled down into the cervix.

Bushmaster (busk'-mast-er). See l.ach,

Busk, Diameter of. In craniometry, the auriculo-
bregmatic diameter. B., Horizontal Plane of. See
Plane.

Butalanin {bu-lal'-an-in) [butyl,' alanin\, C5H9-
!.\lli<>,. a-amidoisovaleric acid; it consists of
shining prisms that sublime without fusing. It is
found in the pain reas ol tin- ox.

Butcher's Operations. See Operations, Tab:

Butea [bu'-te-ah) [John, Earl of Bute (1713-92)].
A genus of leguminous tropical trees and shrubs.
/>'. frondosa and />'. superba afford Bengal Kino
(see Kind) ; also called butea Gum. B. Gum.
See Kino.

Batter (but'-er) [butyrum, butter]. The fatty part of
tin- milk obtained by rupturing the cells of the fat-

globules by "churning" or mechanical agitation.

Also, various vegetable fats having the consistency
of butter, as B. of Cacao. See 7'heobrotna. Also
applied to certain chemical | having the

appearance or consistence of butter, as B. of Anti-
mony, antimonious chlorid ; B. of Tin, stannic chlo-
rid ; B. of Zinc, zinc chlorid. See, also, Acid,
Butyru. B.-and-Eggs. See Antirrhinum linaria.

I'd [TERIN

■J jr.

i:\ l in -

B.-fat. i. The oilj portion of the milk of mammalia.
2. The fatty portion of butter, made up of the ids
cerids of oleic, palmitic, and stearii acidi (the so-
called insoluble acids), and the glycerids of butyric,
caproic, caprylic, and capric acid • illed

soluble acids). The average proportion of the in-
soluble acids present in butter-fat is 88 per cent., and
the average proportion of the soluble acids from five
to six per cent. This gives a very important means
of distinguishing between a natural butter and oleo-
margarin. The pure fat has a sp. gr. of from .910 to
.914, and its melting -point varies from 850 to 920 F.
B.-fly, a winged pledget or tampon of cotton for
vaginal application. B.-fly Lupus. Synonym of
Lupus erythematosus. B. Kidney. See Amyloid
Kidney. B.-nut. See Juglans.

Butterin [but'-er-in) [butyrum, butter]. An artificial
substitute for butter, made principally of beef-fat. See
Oleomargarin.

Buttocks {but'-uks) [ME., buttok]. The nates. The
fleshy part of the body posterior to the hip-joints,
formed by the masses of the glutei muscles.

Button {butf-un) [ME., boton\. See Furunculus orien-
talis. B., Amboyna. See Frambesia. B., Belly,
the navel. B., Biskra, the Aleppo (Veer. B., Cor-
rigan's, a steel button-shaped cautery-iron, introduced
by Sir J. C. Corrigan (1S02-80). B.-bush, the bark
of Cephalanthus occidentalism a tonic, febrifuge, and
diuretic. Dose of fid. ext. ^ss-j. Unof. B.-hole,
Mitral. See Funnel, Mitral. B.-hole Operation.
See Boutonniire Operation and Operations, Table of.
B.-lac. See Lac. B. -maker's Chorea. See Chorea.
B. -scurvy, a disease of privation, apparently similar
to sibbens or to yaws. B.-snakeroot, the root of
Liatris spicata, and of Eryngium yucccefolinm ; a
stimulant, tonic, diuretic, and emmenagogue. Dose
of fid. ext. 3 ss-j. Unof.

Butyl (bu'-til) [butyrum, butter], C4H9. A hydro-
carbon alcohol radical, that cannot be isolated, and
that occurs only in combination with other radicals.
B. Chloral. See Chloral butylicum. B. -chloral
Hydrate. See Chloral butylicum.

Butylamin {bu-til' '-am-in) [butyrum, butter; amin\.
Any primary amin of butyl. The butylamin of cod-
liver oil is said to be one of its medicinal con-
stituents.

Butylene {bu'-til-in) [butyrum, butter], C4H8. A
hydrocarbon belonging to the olefin series. It exists

in three isomeric forms, all of which are gases at
on li nary temperatures.

Butyric Acid [bu Hi ' See Acid, Butyric.

Butyrin {bu'-tii in) [butyrum, butter]. • .11 < (ll
A constant constituent "i butter, together with olein,
stearin, and other glyi end-. It is a neutral yellowish
liquid fat, having a sharp, bitter taste.

Butyrone [bu'-tir-on) [butyrum, butter], C-HuO.
Dipropyl ketone. The principal product of the distil-
lation of calcium butyrate. it boils at 1440 and at
200 has a sp. gr. <■! .82

Buxin {buks'-in\ [buxus, the box-tree]. Bibirin ; be-
beerin ; pelosin ; the alkaloid of Nectandra. It is a
white, amorphous powder with a persistent bitter ta
very insoluble in water, but easily soluble in alcohol and
chloroform. Dose of it or its salts, from grains three
to six in pill-form. It is used as a febrifuge. Unof.

Buxton's Apparatus. See Anesthetic.

Buxus [links' -us) [I.., the box-tree]. A genus of trees
affording boxwood. B. sempervirens, the common
box or box-tree of Europe and Asia. Its leaves,
wood, and oil have been employed in medicine. Unof.

Buzzi's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Byrd's Method. See Artificial /Respiration. B.
Operation. See Operations. 'Table of.

Byrne's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Byrsa [bur'-sah). Same as Bursa.

Bysma [biz'-mah) [/3bofia, a stopper ; plug :/>/., Bys-
mata~\. A plug or tampon.

Byssaceous (bis-a' -she-its) [pvooog, a variety of flax].
In biology, composed of fine flax-like threads.

Byssinosis (bis-in-o'-sis) [fivooog, cotton, flax; /
disease]. A diseased condition of the lungs due to
the inhalation of cotton-dust in factories.

Byssocausis (bis-o-kaw* -sis) [fivaaog, cotton; icavo
a burning]. Cauterization by the moxa ; moxibustion.

Byssogenous [bis-of -en-us) [iir.rnc, cotton; yivr/c,
producing]. In biology, producing a byssus.

Byssus (bis'-us) [liioaor, cotton, flax]. 1. Charpie,
lint, or cotton. 2. The hairy growth of the pubic
region. 3. In biology, a bunch of silky filaments
secreted by the foot, in several molluscs. A name
formerly given to the mycelium of large fungi. B.
Gland. See Gland.

Byssys ibis' -is) [(ivooog, flax]. Same as Byssus. B.
Gland. See Gland.

Bythus [bith'-us) [,3uft5f, the depth]. The lower or
vesical portion of the abdomen.

•J4G

I At I (GENESIS

C. 1 be Abbreviation of

c.c

cm. A

CM. to-morrow morning.

C N. : row night.

Caballinc A

Cabbage C. Rose.

C, Skunk, a fetid plant of N.
An lt> tincture and fluid

tispasmodic and antasth-
CTree a.

Cabinet | A closed compart-

C, Pneumatic. See Pn
Caczmui vita.

Cacaemu 3 'tic.

i n Nahuatl, cacauatl, cacao], Theo-

Cacalia plant, colt' sfoot (?)].

iwered herbs, mai - of

i used in medicine. C. suaveolens,
V America. Unof.
Cacanthrax . bad ; avdpa^, a

anthrax. See . tnthrax.
Caca - C. Butter, oleum

from seed-; or nibs of Theo-

It is a pure white fat, with a pleasant

r and taste; it fus ' F. (30°C. ) ; it-, specific

:; 52. It is used in cosmetics, and

rmaceutic preparations. See also Theobroma.

Cacaphthae . bad; aipda, an erup-

]. Malignant or cachectic aphthae. See Aphtha.

Cacation 'io, a going to stool]. Def-

'1 ; alvine discharge.
Cacatory fio, a going to stool]. At-

■ith diarrhea ; a- a cacatory fever.
Caccagogue [kak'-a-gog) \ko.kk^, dung ; a lead-

1. Aperient; laxative, z. An aperient, espe-
ly an ointment or suppository that induces gentle
[Archaic]
Cacemia .'.or kak-ef -me-ah) [nan6r, bad;

Ifia, blood]. An ill-condition of the blood; de-
■
Cacemic .had; ulna, blood]. Assb-

ith or suffering from cacemia.
Cacesthesis ' , bad ; aierflr/oYc, sen-

»n], M tion.

Cachaemia k ik See < acemia.

Cachectic ' , habit]. Ill-

irked l>v cachexia. C. Aphthae. See

Cachelcoma ' tnah\ \julk6c, ill ; MnAfta,

\ in ilignant or foul ulcer.
Cachemia .,/(7.

Cachet [Fr.]. A pharmaceutic preparation

trafer, varying in
in diameter, round or
which the powder to be
other, having |

powder
her, when 1!

powder. C. de
Pain.

Cachexia , habit].

A term us morbid tenden

ral nutrition, or
irnpoverishn ;■ appli< '1 :

; carcinoma!

patients. It is characterized by emaciation and a
peculiar sallow or muddy complexion. C. africana,
dirt-eating : geophagy. A disease supposed to be
identical with miners' anemia. C. aquosa, a
dropsical and anemic Mate. C. icterica, jaundice.
C, Lymphatic. Synonym of ffodgkin's Dii
C, Negro. Same as C. africana. C, Pachyder-
mic. See Myxedema. C. strumipriva, the con-
dition allied to if not identical with myxedema,
following the extirpation or arrest of function of the
thyroid gland. It is a cretinoid state, characterized in
monkey-- by hebetude, malnutrition, muscular tremor,
puffy edema, leukocytosis, and the presence ol mucin
in the blood and connective tissue. C. thyreopriva.
See Myxedema. C. virginum. See Chlorosis.
Cachexy {kak-eks' e). See Cachexia.
Cachibou (kash-e-boo'). See Chibou.
Cachinnation [kak-in-a' 'shun) [cachinnare, to laugh

loudly]. Immoderate laughter, a- in the insane.
Cachou [kash-oof) [Fr. for " catechu "]. An aromatic

pill or tablet for concealing the odor of the breath.
Cachunde [ka-chun' -de) [Sp. ]. An oriental electuary
used as a breath-perfume, and also as a stomachic
and carminative. Unof.
Cacocholia {kak-o-kof-le-ah) [kok6q, ill ; 1 <</>,. bile].

A morbid condition of the bile.
Cacochroia \k<ik-o-kro?-ah) or Cacochrcea [kak-o-
kre'-ah) \k.uk6c, bad; xp"la> color]. A had complex-
ion ; unnatural color of the skin.
Cachochylia [kak-o-kW '-e-ah) [kok<5c, bad; xv/'">

juice]. Imperfect or disordered digestion.
Cacochymia [kak-o-kim' -e-ak) [nano^, bad ; ^ty/^f,
juice]. A morbid state of the fluids, humors, blood,
or secretions ; faulty stomachic digestion.
Cacochymic [kak-o-kim' '-ik) \iuik6q, bad; xvi"". •

juice]. Affected with cachochymia ; dyspeptic.
Cacocnemia [kak-ok-ne; -me-ah\ [mykoc, ill ; tcvr/fir/, leg].

Thinness or ill-condition of the leg or shin.
Cacocolpia [kak-o-kol'-pe-ah) [hukSc, ill; wMirof, va-
gina]. A diseased state of the vagina.
Cacodemon [kak-o-de' -mon) [/ca/c<5c, ill ; daifttmi, spirit].
An old name for a supposed besetting evil spirit ; also,
the nightmare.
Cacodemonia [kak-o-de-mo'-ne-ah} \KanoSaijjjovia, pos-
session by an evil spirit]. Supposed possession or
obsession by an evil spirit.
Cacodemonomania [kak-o-de-mo-no-maf-ne-ah ) \koko-
Aaiunrin. possession by an evil spirit; fiavia, madness].
A delusional belief, on the part of a patient, that he is
possessed <<( a de\ il.
Cacodontia [kak-o-donf-te-ah\ [/caK<$c, bad; 06

tooth]. A bad condition of the teeth.
Cacodyl [kakf-o-dil\ [«a/c<5c, had; b&iv, to smell;
. matter], As(CHs)2. Kakodyl ; dimethylarsin ;
a radical containing arsenic, hydrogen, and carbon
It is a colorless, heavy liquid, with an extremely often
sive odor, and poisonous vapor ; it is inflammable when
exposed to Ww. It> protoxid is called alkarsin, q. t.
Cacoesthesis [kak-i See Cacesthesis.

Cacoethes [kak-o-e1 '-thiz) \iuik6c, had ; fflog a habit].

Any had habit, disposition, or disorder.
Cacogalactia [kak-o-gal-akf -te-ah ) \_nait6c, had ; y&Xa,

milk]. A had or abnormal condition of the milk.
Cacogastric [kak-o-gas' '-trik) [tcatcSg, hail ; yaaH)pt the

stomach]. Dyspeptic.
Cacogenesis (kak ■• /<>/' es-is) [«aK(5c, bad ; . for-

mation]. Any morbid, monstrous, or pathologic growth
or produi t.

CAO >GLOSSIA

24?

( AhMIL'M

Cacoglossia (kak-o-glosf-e-ah i [«ai«Jc, evil; y?ui)aaa,

the tongue]. Gangrene of the tongue.
Cacolet U-ak'-o-la) [Fr.]. A mule-chair or horse-

panniei foi the transportation of the wounded.

Cacomorphia [kak-o-mor* '-fe-aA) [kouoSc, bad; //<
form]. Malformation; deformity.

Cachonychia [kak-o-nik' '-e-aA) [/cafoSc, bad ; 6vi . , nail].
I lisease or defect of a nail or of the nails.

Caconym [kak1 '-o-nim) [k/ik6c, bad; bvofta, a name].
An undesirable or objectionable name, i . g. , in biologic
nomenclature or terminology.

Cacopathy, or Cacopathia [kak-op' -a-the or kak-o-
patli' -c nh) \juik6c, bad; w6Boq, illness]. Any severe,
malignant, or untoward condition or disease.

Cacophonia [kak-o-fo' '-ne-aA) [kok<5c, bad;
voice]. An altered, depraved, or abnormal voice.

Cacophonic {kak-o-/on' . » , bad ; Quri/, voice].

Affected with cacophonia.

Cacoplastic [kak-o-plas' '-tik ) [icandg, bad ; TrAaordc,
formed]. I. Characterize. 1 by or adapted to a low
degree or kind* of organization. 2. Relating to,
causing, or attended with defective formation ; liable
to be changed into an abnormal tissue.

Cacopragia {kak-o-pra/ -je-aK) \_nan6c, bad; Kpaatjeiv,
to do]. Functional derangement, as of nutritive pro-
cesses, or of organs.

Cacoproctia ( kak-o-prok' -te-aA ) \_kukij, gangrene;
wpuicrSg, anus]. A gangrenous state of the rectum.

Cacorrhachis (ka-kor'-rak-is) \ko.mc, ill ; paxiS>
spine]. A diseased stale of the vertebral column.

Cacorrhinia (kak-or-in'-e-aA ) \m.Koc, ill ; pic,, nose].
Any diseased condition of the nose.

Cacosmia, or Kakosmia [kak-oz' '-me-aA ) [wzkoc, foul ;
'oGfirj, smell]. A repugnant or disgusting smell. C,
Subjective, a disturbance of the olfactory nerve or
center, from hysteria or from other disease, giving rise
to the perception of an offensive smell.

Cacosomium (kak-o-sof-me-um) [mz/coc, bad; aupa,
body]. A hospital for leprosy and other incurable
diseases.

Cacospermia [kak-o-sper' '-me-aA ) [name, ill ; a-ipua,
seed]. Any diseased state of the semen.

Cacosphyxia [kak-o-sfiks' -e-aA ) [/ca/voc, ill ; cfotjic,
pulse]. A disordered state of the pulse.

Cacostomia (kak-o-sto'-7nc-ali ) \_kuk6c, ill ; ordua,
mouth]. Any diseased or gangrenous state of the
mouth.

Cacothanasia (kak-o-than-a'-ze-a/i) \kolk6c, bad ;
"■ini-nc, death]. A painful death.

Cacothelin (kak-otA'-el-in) C4.Jl.,.,\O20. An alkaloid
produced from brucin by the action of HNO,.

Cacothymia [kak-o-tAim' -e-aA ) \_nan6c, bad ; tfvuoc,
mind]. A disordered state of the mind or disposition ;
mental disorder with moral depravity ; insane malig-
nity of temper.

Cacotrophia (kak-o-tro' '-fe-aA ). Same as CacotropAy.

Cacotrophy [kak-of '-ro-fe) [/ca/a5c, bad; rpkfyeiv, to
nourish]. Disordered or defective nutrition.

Cacozyme (kak' -o-zini) [»/M.r, bad; ^vp.r), a ferment].
A disorganizing, putrefactive, fermentative, or patho-
genic microorganism.

Cactina [kak-ti' '-naA) [tummc, a prickly plant]. A
proprietary preparation said to be a proximate prin-
ciple derived from night-blooming cereus (Cereus
grandiflora and C. mexicand). It is a cardiac stimu-
lant recommended as a substitute for digitalis. Unof.

Cactus (kak'-tus) [major, a prickly plant]. A genus
of plants. C. grandiflorus. See Night-blooming
Cercus. C. Nipple. See Mammillaria.

Cacumen (kak-u' -men) [L. : pl.,Cacumind\. 1. The
top, as of a plant. 2. The culmen of the vermis su-
perior of the cerebellum.

Cadaver (kad-aiZ-er) \_,adcrc, to fall]. The dead body,
especially that of man. A corpse. C. Tubercle,
anatomic wait. A peculiar circumscribed hyper-
plasia of the papillary structures of the- skin occurring
chiefly mii tie dorsal surface of the hands and lingers

of persons « I re in the habit ol handling dead and

• iji] n ising bodies.

Cadaveric (kad-av-er' -ik\ \cadere , to fall]. Pertaining
to the cadaver or dead body. C. Alkaloids,
Ptomaines, q.v. C. Ecchymoses, certain ]
mortem stains, closely resembling in their general
appearance the effei k ol bruises or contusions. 1 hey
occur, both externally and internally, on the lowest
and mosl dependent parts of the body. They are
also called hypostas illations, and vibices. C.

Spasm, the early, at times instantaneous, appear-
e of rigor mortis, seen after death from certain
causes. It is also called instantaneous rigor and
tetanic rigidity.

Cadaverin [kad-ai/ -er-iri) \cadere, to fall], C5HMN2.
A ptomaine, isomeric with neuridin, and, like it,
occurring very frequently in deco g animal tis-

sues. It is obtained from human hearts, lungs, livers,
etc. , after three days1 decomposition at ordinarytem-
perature, — also from horseflesh, from putrid mu
from herring and haddock. It is a constant product
of the growth of the comma-bacillus, irrespective of
the medium. It doe- not occur in culture-media from
which bacteria are absent. It is a thick, water-clear,
syrupy liquid, having an exceedingly unpleasant odor,
- imewhat resembling that of coniin and semen. It is
certainly identical with so-called "animal coniin."
Putrescin and cadaverin were both formerly believed
to be physiologically indifferent ; but recent investiga-
tions show both bases capable of producing active
inflammation and necrosis. The necrosis of the in-
testinal epithelium in Asiatic cholera seems due to
their presence. They also have the power, even in
small quantities, of preventing blood from coagulating,
and rendering it " laky." Cadaverin is believed by
Grawitz to hinder the growth of bacteria. ' adaverin
hydrochlorid, on dry distillation, decomposes into
ammonium chlorid, NH3HC1, and piperidio, C5HUN.
'Whether or not this change, whereby the non -poison-
ous cadaverin becomes a toxic base, can take place
under the influence of bacteria during putrefaction,
is not known.

Cadaverization (kad-av-er-iz-a'-sAuri) \ca fall].

The passage of a living body to the state of a cadaver.
Applied to the algid and cyanotic stage of cholera.

Cadaverous {kad-av* '-er-us) \cadere, to fall]. Resem-
bling a cadaver; ghastly; of a deathly pallor.

Cade (/cat/) [a Languedoc name]. See Juniperus.
C, Oil of {•■'mm cadinum), a tarry oil from the wood
of Juniperus oxycedrus ; it is used in the treatment of
skin-diseases.

Cadet's Fuming Liquid. See Alkarsin. C.'s Test.
See Tests, Tabic of.

Cadiva Insania (kad-i'-vaA in-sa' -ne-aK) [I-]- Fall-
ing insanity ; an old name for epilepsy.

Cadlock (kadf-lok). Wild mustard, Brassica sir.
trum. See Brassica.

Cadmium (kad/-me-uni)\KaSida, calamin]. Cd=II2;
quanti valence II. A bluish- white metal resembling
zinc in its general properties. Only the sulphate and
iodid are used in medicine. In its physiologic action
it is escharotic and astringent, producing in large ii
emesis and violent gastritis. See Elements, Table
of. C. iodidum, Cdl2, used as an ointment, I to
8 of lard. C. sulphas, CdS04.4.H20, a valuable
astringent in gonorrhea and in corneal opacit
used in a lotion in strength of gr. '2 or 4 to rj of

CAD

248

CALAGE

tintmenl ird. I nof.

C.-Red. S • under P

C -Yellow • under

Caduca fall]. S

C Passio.
Caducibranchiate

gillsl In biology, applied to
branchiae upon reach-
maturity.
Caducicorn falling ofl ;

|. In 1 t" animals that

Caducity nility]. Senility;

Caducous off]. In

tain parts, as
i ry early, as

Caducus Morbu- u'-kus m \}—\ Fall-

. name for epilepsy.

Caecal

Caecitas Verbalis. - d-blindn,

Caecitis : 'is.

Caecum en.

Caenaesthesis the'-sis). See Cenesthesis.

Caenogenetic '-ik) [mivor, recent ; yeveaiq,

aeration]. In biology, the appearance of a new
late in the course of development.
This usually arises from comparatively recent varia-
tion- ..f the type-form.
Caeruleus (se-ru* I..]. Sky-blue. C. morbus,

blii' See Cnui

Caerulosis S is.

Caesalpinia 's-al-pin [!'•]• A genus of tropi-

cal legumii C bonducella. See Bondu-

cella C moringa has a diuretic bark. All unof.
Caesarean Operation ir^-e-an). ~ arean.

Caesium ' urn.

Caffea i [I-]- The seeds of C. arabica.

ind roasl • are almost universally

I in infusion as a beverage, forming a cerebral
Lomachic tonic. They are valuable in
ion and allaying hunger and fatigue.
frequently causes excessive palpitation of the
- an- due to an alkaloid, Caffein,
' .:: ical with Thein. See Tea.

I gr. j-v. C. citrate. Hose gr.
j-v. C. valerianas, foi vomiting in hysteria.

r. j-iv. Ext. Caffeae Viridis Fid. I

Fluid I tract of

~ -- ij. See Guarana. Injectio

Caf. Hypodermatica, one grain of caffein in three

minims. 1 >• ise try-vj.

Caff' flee]. C8H10N4< >, il ,< >.

' the leave-, and

m tea, in Paraguay tea. and

the fruit ol Paullinia

. slightly

I, with a feebly Litter

rial stimulant.

C. citrata. pared by dissolving

rii at id in double the
I ■ -r. ij-x. C.
citrata effervescens,

~ C.-iodol, ineaddition-

lixing a solutions of

'ion. Il contains

• .lit. of I all. Ill,

and i- a li| ,,,] nearly in-

. til n

CafTeina ka-fe,-in-ah). See Caffein.

Caffeinism \kaf-e1 '-in-ism) [caffea, coffee]. Chronic
coffee poisoning; a train ol morbid symptoms due to
excess in the use of coffee.

Cagot [kah-got) [Fr.]. i. A member of an outcast
race or clan in the S. W. o( France; formerly regarded

a- lepers. - (Bj er a cretin. C. Ear. See£ar

<rmities.

Cahinca, or Cainca {kah-hingr -kah) [native S. Ameri
can]. The diuretic root of Chiococca racemosa , < '.
■a, or ( '. anguifuga, rubiaceous shrubs of
tropical America. I not

Cahn and V. Mering's Method. A method of esti-
mating the amount of acids in the stomach. It cot)
si-t- in distilling the contents of the stomach with
water three time-. The volatile acids are estimated
in the distillate. The residue is shaken six times with
500 c.c. of ether, and this is evaporated to dryness,
and the lactic acid estimated by titration. The residue
contains the HO, and this also can be estimated by
titration.

Cailcedra [kal-se' '-drah) [origin unknown]. I. The Crd-
rela odorata,& large tree of tropical America. The bark
and wood are used in intermittent fevers; a fragrant oil
(cedar-wood oil) is distilled from the wood. The tree
also affords a resin. 2. The Khaya senegalensii oi
Africa and tropical America, a tree that closely re-
sembles the foregoing.

Cailletet's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Caillian's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Caisson Disease {ka'-s<m diz-ez'). The symptoms due
to increased atmospheric pressure sometimes occurring
in divers, caisson workers, etc. Paraplegia, luini
plegia, anesthesia, or apoplectic attacks are common,
but paralysis of the legs is the most frequent symptom,
coming on only after return to the normal atmosphere.
The nature of the lesion is obscure.

Cajeput Oil [kaj'-e-put oil). See Cajuputi, oleum.

Cajuputene \caj-u-pu-ten,\ [Malay], ('lnIIlf.. The
principal constituent of cajeput oil; it is a liquid of
an agreeable odor.

Cajuputi, Oleum [kaj-u-pid-te, bl'-e-um). [Malay,
"white wood;" oleum, oil]. Oil of C'ajuput.
A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca
leukadendron. li resembles oil of turpentine in its
general effects, being irritant externally and produc
ing a sense of warmth internally, with accelei
pulse. It is used with benefit for flatulent colic, dropsy,
hysteria, and cutaneous disorder.-; it also relii
toothache. Dose rrtj-v. C, Spiritus (B.P.). Dose
- ss-j .

Cajuputol {kaj-u-pu' -tol) [Malay, Cajuputi, white
wood]. The more limpid part of oil of cajuput ; it is
found al-o in -ome other fragrant volatile oils.

Cake Colors [kak kul'-or£). See Pigments, Colors, and
Dyestuffs.

Caked [kakd) [MF... .,;/v]. Compressed or hardened
into a solid mass. C. Breast, a breast in a puer-
peral woman in which the milk has become hardened
and inspissated. C. Bag, in cows, an inflammation
of the mammary gland.

Calabar Bean [kalf-ab-ar hen). See Physostigma.

Calabarin [kal-ab' '-ar-in) [Calabar-]. An alkaloid from
Calabar bean, apparently acting much like strychnin.

Caladana [kal-ad-a' nah). See Kaladana.

Caladium [kal-a' '-de-um) [I-.]. A genu- of large-
leaved araceous plants. C. bicolor, of Brazil, is
anthelmintic and cathartic. Various other species are
em] li *\ d li m all) in medicine. Unof.

Calage {kal-ahzh') [Fr., wedging], A method of pi,,
phylaxis or treatment of sea sickness by fixation ol the
viscera by pillows placed between the abdomen and

CALAMARY

249

CALCIUM

the wall of the cabin and between the back and edge
of the berth, the patient lying upon theside.

Calamary \kal'-a»i-a-rc) [itaAa/iapi, inkstand]. Same
as Cuttle-bone.

Calamin {kalf -am-in) [calamina, a corruption of cad
mia\. Native zinc carbonate. Calamina praparata,
the prepared calamin, washed and pulverized, is used
mainly a.-, an external exsiccant and astringent. I n
guentum calamines, Turner's cerate. In of.

Calamint, Calaminth [kal'-am-int or -minth). Anv
plant of the labiate genus Calamint ha. The cala-
mints are aromatic stimulants, with the general prop
cities of the other mints, such as pennyroyal. Dnof.

Calamistrum [kal-am-isJ ' -triim) [calamus, areed]. In
biology, one of the spines found on the hind-legs of
spiders, used in arranging the silk as it issues from the
spinnerets.

Calamus {kalf -am-us) [L. , a reed: gen., Calami"].
Sweet Flag. The rhizome of Acorus calamus. It
contains a volatile oil and acorin, a bitter nitrogenous
principle. The root is an aromatic, stomachic tonic, and
a common ingredient of many popular "bitters." C,
Ext., Fid. Dose Hbxv-gj. C, Draco, a species
of rattan-palm that affords a part of the so-called
Dragon's Blood {</. v.) of commerce. C. scriptor-
ius (a writing pen or reed). The groove on the floor
of the fourth ventricle, at the end of which is the ven-
tricle of Arantius.

Calapitte [kal'-ap-it) [Mex., calappa, the cacao-tree].
A concretion found occasionally in the cocoa-nut ;
vegetable bezoar. It is valued as an amulet in the
East.

Calathidium or Calathium {kal-ath-id'-e-um or kal-
ath'-e-itni) [icaTwdoQ , a vase-shaped basket]. In biol-
ogy, applied to the flower-head in certain of the Com-
posite.

Calathiform [kal-ath' '-if-ortri) [K&XaOoq, a vase-shaped
basket ; forma, form]. In biology, shaped like a cup,
vase, or bowl, hemispherical, or concave.

Calberla's Method. A method of imbedding micro-
scopic specimens in egg-emulsion. The white of sev-
eral eggs is separated from the yolks, the chalazae re-
moved, and the white cut up with a pair of scissors.
To each 15 parts of white add one part of a 10 per
cent, solution of sodium carbonate (10 parts of cal-
cined sodium carbonate to loo parts of water). To
this solution add the well-shaken yolks and again
shake well. Four the mixture into a deep vessel, al-
low to settle, remove the scum, and the mass is ready
for use. The specimens, after being well washed in
water, are placed in this mass until permeated. They
are then fastened with pins to the freshly-cut surface
of a piece of hardened mass.

Calcaneal (hal-ha'-ne-al) [calcaneum, the heel]. In
biology, relating to the heel-bone, or calcaneum, or to
a tuberosity in birds, resembling the calcaneum.

Calcaneo-astragalar [kal-ka' -ne-o-as-tragf -al-ar) . See
Calcaneo-astragaloid. C.-astragaloid, relating to
the calcaneum and the astragalus. C.-cavus, a club-
foot that combines the characters of calcaneus and
cavus. C. -cuboid, belonging to the calcaneum and
the cuboid. C. -scaphoid, belonging to the calcaneum
and the scaphoid bone. C.-valgo-cavus, club foot
combining the features of calcaneus, valgus and cavus.

Calcaneum [kal-kar -ne-um) [L., the heel]. A com-
mon name for the<?.r calcis or heel-bone.

Calcaneus [kal-ka'-ne-us) [calcaneum, the heel].
Club-foot in which the heel alone touches the ground.
the instep being drawn up toward the shin.

Calcar {kal'-kar) [L., a spur]. 1. Any spur or spur
like point, as the hippocampus minor. 2. Ergot of
rye. 3. The calcaneum.

Calcareous [kal-ka'-re-us) [calx, limestone]. Per
tabling to or having the nature of lime-tone. C
Degeneration. See Degeneration.

Calcarine {kalf -kar-ln) [calcar, a. spur]. Relatii
the hippocampus minor. C. Fissure. Sei Fi ure.

Calceiform [kal* vi) [calceus, a shoe; forma,

form]. In biol embling in shape a -hoe or

slipper, as the corolla of certain flowers.

Calceolaria {kal-se-o-la'-re-ak) [I.., like a slipper]. A
genu-ol scrophulariaceous plants, mostly of the Andean
region. Many ol the species have a high local repute
a- alterative- and antisyphilitics ; several are emetic
and purgative. LJnof.

Calcic {kal'-sik) [calx, lime]. Of or pertaining to lime.
C. Inflammation of- Gums and Peridental Mem-
brane. Inflammation caused and maintained by
deposits of calculus on the necks of the teeth.

Calcicosis [kal-sik-o'-sis) [calx, lime; v6aoq, disease].
Marble-cutter'- phthisis; phthisis due to the inhala-
tion of marble-dust.

Calcification {kal-sif-ik-a'-shun) [calx, lime ;

to become]. The deposit of calcareous or other in-
soluble crystalline matter within the tissues of the
body.

Calcigerous (kal-sijf -er-us) [calx, lime ; gerere, to
bear]. Containing lime or a lime-salt ; as the calci-
gerous cells of the dentine, or calcigerous tubule- in
bone.

Calcigrade {kalf -sig-rad) [calx, heel; gredi, to walk].
Walking on the heels.

Calcination [kal-sin-a' '-shun) [calcinare, to calcine].
The process of driving off the volatile chemical con-
stituents from inorganic compounds. The expulsion
of carbon dioxid from carbonate-.

Calcine [kal'-sin or kal-sln/) [calcinare, to calcine].
To separate the inorganic el< ments of a substance by
subjecting it to an intense heat.

Calcium {kal'-se-um [calx, lime.~\[gcn.,Calcii~\. Ca ■=
40; quantivalence 11. A brilliant, silver-white metal, the
basis of lime and limestone, characterized by strong
affinity for oxygen, and isolated with great difficulty.
See Elements, Table of. It is best known in the form
ol calcium oxid, quicklime ; C. hydrate, slaked lime ;
and C. carbonate, chalk. The preparations of lime
used in medicine are usually alkaline and slightly
astringent. Calcium oxid is a powerful escharotic.
C. benzoas, Ca(C7H502)2, used in nephritis and
albuminuria of pregnancy. Dose gr. v— x. C. car-
bonate Test. See Tests, Table of. C. chloridum,
CaCL^ soluble in water. Dose gr. x-xx. C. chlorid.,
Liq. (B. P.). Dose n\xv-l. Calcii bromidum.
See Bromin. C. Carb. Precipitatus, < a< < > ... insolu-
ble in water, but soluble in acid.-, with effervescence.
Dose gr. v-xx. C. hypophosphis. ( a„I'H.,< >.,.
Phosphorus. C. Phosphas Precipiti, (a Pi
SeePhosphorus. Calcis Liniment, carron oil, contains
equal parts of lime-water, and olive oil. C, Liquor,
lime-water, contains about I !_> parts of lime in ioco

of water. Dose 5 ss-ij. C. Liq. Saccharatus
(B. P.). Dose rn_xv-3j. C, Syr., saccharated
syrup of lime, contains lime 65, sugar 40, water
q. s. It is the antidote to poisoning by carbolic
or oxalic acid. Dose 3 ss-ij. Calx, CaO, cal-
cium oxid, quicklime, not used internally. C.
chlorinata. See Chlorin. C. Sulphurata. Dose
gr. ,',,- Creta. native calcium carbonate; chalk.
C. Mist., consists of C. pulv. comp. 20, cinnamon
water 40, water 40. Dose ^ ss. C. Preparata,
chalk freed from impurities by washing and elutriation.
Dose gr. v— xx. C. Pulv. Aromat. I 1!. I' Dose gr.
x-gj. C. Pulv. Aromat. cum Opii (B.P |. Dose
gr. x— jjj. C. Pulv. Comp., compound chalk-powder.

t'AI ill VRY

250

CALLUS

sugar 50 parts.
D - Testa pneparata, prepared oyster

.x. C. trochisci. each
■ 1 chalk . icia I, sugar 6, with

a little Dutm
Calcularv .tone]. Relating

■ r of the natu :"-.

Calculifragou- l stone ;

1 ithotritic ; breaking or redu-

Calculous ie] ' " llu' "u-

ulus.
Calculus [dim. ol «#]•

\ n found in the blad-

C, Arthritic, a goutj concretion.
C.,Biliaxy, C, Bronchial, a concretion

in C, Cutaneous. Sec Milium.

C. Dental, tartar on the teeth or Lmms. C,
Fusible, a urinary calculus composed of phosphates
•a. calcium, and magnesium. C, Lacteal,
or Mammary, a calcareous nodule sometimes obstruct-
ing usducts. C, Mulberry, the oxalate-
ime vari 1 mulberry in shape and
C, Nasal. C, Prostatic,
in the -land. C, Renal, a calculus
1(1 in th what has been called
ii . C, Salivary, one forming in the
ilivary glands. C, Uterine, an in-
trauterii don; awombstone; formed mainly by
teration of a tumor. C, Vesical, one
that may have originally descended from the kidney or
formed primarily in the bladder.
Calea ['-•]■ -^ genus of tropical American
red plant-. C. zacatechichi, a
dean plant, tonic, antiperiodic, and a hepatic stimu-
lant. Unof.
Caledonia Brown. See Conspectus of Pigments, under

>it.
Calefacient [I . calidu , warm;

to make]. I. Warming; producing a sensa-
j. A medicine, externally applied, that
can- >ation of warmth.

Calefactor ''-tor) [caledus, warm; facere, to

• ■]. A warmer; a little, portable stove ; a pocket
eharing-di-h.
Calendula (Aal-en'-du-lah) [calenda, the first day of
month : g a., Calendula\. Marigold. The
vering plant known as the garden-marigold, C.offi.-
C., Tinct., contains 20 percent of the leaves
1 1 i- used exclusively as a local applica-
tion to wound-, bruises, and ulcers, and has been
vaui • r carcinoma.

Calendulin /i<-/i>n [calenda, the first day of

mth]. An amorphous principle obtainable
lendula.
Calentur 5p., calentura, heat; L.,calere,

it]. A ■ remittent fever with delirium ;

I vei ol thi kind that attacked
ip into the sea
Calf [Ml thick fleshy posterior portion

C.-bone, the fibula. C-
Icnee. tm.

Cahces of the Kidneys {ha'-lis-ez). Plural of Ca/vx.
cup-lil thai encircle the

pyramids of tie- kidni
Calico Bush Kalmia .

California ,], A western State.

C. Buckthorn C. Elm.

C. Feverbush. S ya. C.

Laurel, th< . com

I for
lal meningitis, m

ralgia, etc. Doseoffld. ext.,gtt. x— xxx. C. Poppy.
Eschscholtzi 1 nica.

Caligated (kal'-ig-a-ted) [caliga, a boot]. In biology,
applied to the booted tarsus of the typical os< ine bud-.

Caligation {kal-ig-a'-shun),ax Caliginosity [kal-ij-in-
'-;/ e). See ( aligo,

Calignani's Operation. See Operations, Table 1

Caligo [kal-i'-go) [!-■]• Dimness ol vision; an
itv of tin- cornea, (ens, "i vitreous humor.

Caligula [kal-igf -u-laft) [caliga, z boot]. In biology,
applied to the tarsal envelop of oscine birds.

Caliology (kal-e-ol' -o-je) \_k<i'/ih, a nest; /■,'</. to
speak]. In biology, the systematized knowledge of
birds' nests.

Calipers (kal'-ip-erz) [corruption of caliber]. Com
ses with curved legs ; they are used in vulcanite
and celluloid dental work to measure the thickn
of the plate. Calipers are used also in pelvimetry,
craniometry, and other measurements ol parts >>t the
body .

Calisaya [kal-is-a' -yaK) [South America]. Cinchona
bark, especially that of Cinchona calisaya. See Cin-
chona.

Calisthenics, or Callisthenics {kal-is-thenf-iks), [/.■</><» ,
beautiful; odevog, strength]. The practise of various
rhythmic movements of the body, intended to develop
the muscles and produce gracefulness of cam a
light gymnastics, especially designed for the use ol
girls and young women.

Callaway's Test. In dislocation of the shoulder the
loss of from one to two inches in the vertical circum-
ference of the shoulder-joint of the injured sidt
determined by measuring with a tape-line over the
acromion and through the axilla. This test is not
reliable after traumatic swelling has set in.

Callicarpa [hal-ik-ar* -pah) [i«i'/6r, beautiful ; nap
fruit]. A genus of verbenaceous plants. C. ameri-
cana, a shrub of the U. S. , called " French Mul-
berry," is used locally for skin-diseases and for dropsy.
Unof. C. bouplandiana, of South America, and
C. cana, C. lanata, and C.rheedii,of the E. Indies,
are similarly employed. All unof.

Callisection [kal-is-ek' 'shun) [callus, insensibility;
sectio, a cutting]. Painless vivisection.

Callisen's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Callitriche {kal-it'-rik-e\ [Kakbq, beautiful ; 0ptf, hair].
A genus of aquatic herb-. C. heterophylla and
C. verna are diuretic; these ami other species afford
a mucilage employed as a hair-dressing and they are
used in domestic practice for making poultices. I'nof.

Callomania [kal-o-ma' -ne-aK) [xa'/nr, beautiful ; pavia,
madness]. The mania of beauty and grace ; a mono
mania in which the patient believes herself to be mi
(lowed with extraordinary beauty.

Callosal [kal-o'-sal) [callosus, hard]. Pertaining to
tin- corpus callosum.

Callose {kal'-os) [callosus, thick skinned, hard]. In
biology, having hardened -pot- or protuberances.

Callositas [kal-os1 '-it-as). See Callosity.

Callosity [cal-os' '-it-e) [callus, hardness]. Callositas,
Tylosis, Tyloma, Keratoma. A hard, thickene I
patch on the skin produced by excessive accumulation
of tin- horny layer-.

Calloso-marginal lkal-o-so-marf-jin-al)[callosus, hard ;
margo, margin]. Relating t<> the callosal and mar-
ginal gyri of the brain.

Callosum [kal-o'-sum). Same a- ('orpin Callosum.

Callous [kal'-us) [callosus, hard]. Hard; tough, like
callus.

Callus {kalf-us) [L.]. I. A callosity; hardened and
thickened skin. 2. The new growth of incomplete
osseous tissue that surrounds the end- of a fractured

(\\ M \\T

251

CAMATINA

bone, during the process of repair. See Callosity.
C, Permanent, tin- permanent bond ot bony union
after re absorption o( the C. Provisional, or cartila
[ike, plastic material first thrown out. C: of Skin,
induration and thickening ol the skin.

Calmant (kahm'-ant) [ME., calme\ A calmative
medicine.

Calmative (ka(hW -mat-iv) [ME., calme]. i. Calm-
ing; sedative j. An agent that prod in < s a calming
or sedative effect.

Calomel (hal'-o-mel). See Hydrargyrum.

Calophyllum (kal-o-fiV -um) [latiAc, beautiful; <2>iv/<.r,
leaf], A genus of large tropical guttiferous trees.
Several ■ •! the species (as ('. tacamakaca, C. inophyl-
lum) yield medicinal oils and resins. Unof.

Calor i [1.. "heat "]. I. Heat. 2. Moderate

fever heat; less than fervor and ardor. C. animalis,
animal heat. C. febrilis, fever-heat. C. fervens,
boiling heat. C. innatus, natural or normal heat.
C. mordicans, biting or pungent heat (an unfavorable
symptom of typhus). C. nativus, native or animal
heat; blood heat; normal heat. C. internus, inward
fever : fever not appreciable on the surface of the body.

Caloricity (kal-or-is'-it-e) [calor, heat]. The heat-pro-
ducing power of the living animal body.

Calorie (kal'-or-e) [Fr.]. See Calory.

Calorifacient {kal-or-if-a' '-she-ent) [calor, heat ; facere,
to make]. Heat-producing (applied to certain food- .

Calorimeter (kal-or-im' -et-er) [calor, heat ; /uerpov, a
measure]. An instrument for transforming the poten-
tial energy of the food into heat, and for measuring the
number of heat-units produced. Two forms are used,
the Water-Calorimeter and the Ice-Calorimeter.

Calorimetry (hal-or-im'-et-re) [calor, heat; utrpov, a
measure]. The estimation of the heat-units by the
calorimeter.

Calorimotor [kal-or-im-o' -tor) [calor, heat ; motor,
mover]. A galvanic battery that produces heating-
effects, generating electricity in large quantity, but not
necessarily with a high electro-motive force.

Calorinesis (kal-or-in'-es-is) [calor, heat : pi. , Calori-
neses~\. Any disease characterized by an alteration in
the quantity of animal heat.

Calory (kal'-or-e) [Fr. , Calorie], A heat-unit; the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of
one kilogram of water one degree Centigrade. See
I'll it.

Calotropis (kal-ot'-ro-pis) [/c«/.(5c, beautiful ; TpoTic, a
ship's keel]. A genus of E. Indian asclepiadaceous
trees and shrubs. See Madar.

Caltha (kal'-tliah) [L.]. A genus of ranunculaceous
herbs. C. palustris, the marsh-marigold of cold and
cool regions; it is vesicant when fresh. It is often
cooked and eaten as a pot-herb. Unof.

Calumba (kal-um'-bah) [native Mozambique, kalumb~\.
( 'olumbo. The root of C. jateorrhiza, native to South
Africa and parts of the F. Indies. It is an excellent
example of a simple bitter, and contains a bitter prin-
ciple, Calumbin, C21H2207, of which the dose is gr.
j-iij. It is not astringent, and may be prescribed with
salts of iron. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, and as
a mild, appetizing tonic in convalescence. C, Ext.
(B. P.). Dose gr. ij-x. C, Fid. Ext. Dose n\v-xxx.
C, Infus. (B. P.). Dose £j-ij. C, Tinct., con-
tains ten per cent, of C. Dose 3 ss-ij. See also
American Coin mho.
Calumbin (kal-umf -bin). See Calumba.
Calva (kal'-vah). Same as Calvaria.
Calvaria [kal var -re-ah) [calva, the scalp] . The upper

part of the skull.
Calvarian (kal-va' '-re-an) [calva, the scalp]. Relating
to the calvaria.

Calvarium (kal-va'-re-um). See Calvaria.

Calvert's Test. See Tests, I

Calvities [kal-vish' '-e-ez) [calvus, bald]. baldness,
e peciallj genera) o] senile baldness. See Alopecia.
C. senilis. See /

Calx [kalks) [L.]. The heel. In chemistry, a name
formerly applied t<, any oxid of a in' : 1 ially m

alkaline metal, and chiefly to lime, or oxid ol calcium.
CaO. See ( '<//- ium.

Calycanthemous (kal-ik-an' -them-us) [koKv^, cal
tut' flower]. In biology, with petaloid sepals.

Calycanthin [Jtal-ik-an' '-thin) iMi/rc, calyx ;

(lower], * ,,11 ,_<>,.,. A glucosid obtained from cer-
tain plants of the genu- < alycanthu-.

Calycanthus (kal-ik-an' -thus) \j.n'/i-, calyx; a
flower], A -.1111- of North American shrubs. C,
floridus, the Carolina allspice, sweet-shrub, or bubby,
is tonic, emetic, and antifebrile'. C. occidentalis is
the California ^w<•et-shrub. Unof.

Calycifiorate (kal-is-e-JU/ -rat) [calyx, calyx; flos,
flower]. In biology, with the petals and stamens
borne on the cah \.

Calycine [kaV-is-in | | calyx]. In biology, per-

taining to or resembling a calyx.

Calycle (kal'-ik-l) [calyculus , a little calyx]. In bio-
logy, applied to parts that resemble a calyx, as the bracts
or leaflets of certain plants, or the cup-cells of zoo-
phytes.

Calycular [kal-ik' '-u-lar) [calyculus, a calycle]. 1.
In biology, having bracts resembling accessory calices
or a cup-cell resembling a calycle. 2. An old name
for the plant Hyoscyamus.

Calymna [kal-im'-nah) [KaKvttrta> , to cover, hide].
A jelly-like envelop of radiolarians.

Calyphyomy (kal-if-i' -o-me) [ku'/i;, a calyx ; tfweiv, to
grow]. In biology, the growing together of sepals
and petals.

Calyptera (kal-ip-te'-rah) [KokoTzriipvov, a covering].
In biology, the tail coverts of birds.

Calyptoblastic (kal-ip-to-blas'-tik) [Kahmr6q, covered;
ji'/acToc, a germ]. In biology, having capsulated gen-
erative buds, as the campanularian and sertularian hy-
droids.

Calyptra (kal-ip'-trah) [Ka'/.vTzrpa, a veil]. In biology.
a hood-like body covering the fruit-organ in plant-, as
the modified archegonium of mosses, or the united
bracts of some flowers.

Calyptrate ikal-ip'-trat) [m7 vtrrpa, a veil]. In biology,
having a hood-like investment.

Calyptrogen (kal-ip'-tro-gen) [mXvirTpa, a veil ; yivijc,
producing]. In biology, the root-cap.

Calyx (ka'-liks) [mlv%, the cups or calyx of a flower:
//. , Calices']. In biology, applied to various cup-like
ensheathing structure-, as the funnel-shaped tissues
surrounding the Malpighian pyramids of the kidney,
the cups of a polyzoan, or a Crinoid ; an ovarian cap-
sule. C. of Ovum, the wall of the C-raalian follicle
from which the ovum has escaped.
Camass (ham-as') [nat. American Indian]. The edible
bulb of Camassia esculenta, C. fraseri, or C. leicht
Unit, squill-like plants of Western N. America. Death
Camass, the poisonous root or bulb of Zygadenus rcu-
enosus ; called also hog's potato, as it is eaten by
swine. The bulb or corm of the Blue Camass [Bro-
dicea grandi/lora) , is also considered poisonous, al-
though it may be eaten.
Camata (kak-mah' -tah) [origin unknown]. The dried
acorns of Quercus <r^ilops , used in the art- lor their
astringency. See Camatiua and Valonia.
Camatina (kah-iiiah -tc'-nah) [origin unknown]. The
immature acorns of Quercus agi used in the arts
for their astringency. See Camata and Valonia.

t AMBIFORM

( \M1'I K »1<

Cambiform ambium ;

. shape]. In biology, applied to narrow, thin-

ulent cells, often found in connection with

.c tubes, but whose nature is not well understood.

Cambi-Resin [Easl Indian]. The resinous juice of

i an I Indian plant. It has b

immended for u~<- in hospital dressings, from which

it
Cambium [L.]. In biology, a layi

u_. tween th and the bark ol exog-

li is i extremely delicate,

ihii led with protoplasm and organiz-

ing like .1 thin film of

mu
Cambogia • "r Cambod

intryin Farther India], Gamboge A. resinous gum

i, a tree native to Southern

\, Its pi ■' > an due to ■ '< is

dly diuretic. C,
Pil. Comp., B. P . contains gamboge, Barbai

md powder of cinnamon, and

. • . \ -x. It is also officially a constit-

Pil. Cath. Comp. Sec Cohcynth. Dose gr.

ij-v.

Cambuca {iam-bu'-kah) [L.]. An old name for a

bul ulcer.

Camel's Hair. The hair of the camel, usedin Africa,
Asia Minor, and the < laucasus, and latterly in Europe,
the manufacture of woven goods, that are made
from th iched hair. C.'s-h. Brush, a small

tine brush used for making various applications to the
surface of the body, and for cleansing the ear, etc.
Camelina | kam el-i'-nah) [x,n""- dwarf; Tuvov, flax],
ruciferous plants. C. sativa, the gold
of ■ A cruciferous plant of the old world,

naturalized in N. America. Its seeds afford a fixed
oil ; the plant itself was formerly esteemed in eye-
l nof.
Camellia kam el'-e-aK) [after Kamel, a scientist of the
otury], A genus of shrubs. C. the-
ifera.
Camellin [see Camellia'], C53H84019. A

d from the seeds of Camellia japonica.
Camembert Cheese. See Ch

Camera '.-.'-. --ah] [ an arched roof or

chamber]. In biology, a chamber or vaulted

. the chamber or dark box of the

igraphy. C. cordis, the envel-

• the heart, the pericardium. C.

of Cranium, the chamber <>f the skull. C. lucida,

i superimposing or combining two

invented by the chemist

■ n. C. oculi, the chamber of

Camerate 1 , a vault]. In

Camerer's Method. A methi id of i >timating uric acid
in the urine. It is done by means of Salkowski's
maj if crystallized magnesium

i ammonium chlorid, four pan

124, nd 1 ight parts of
i the addition of

Camenne It]. In biol

a f numulite limestone.

Cameritelou\ , a vault;

rs that spin intri

Camerostom 1 a vault;

|. In b lulted 1 ovei of

the '

Camisole r.]. 'I he straight ja< I ■ t, for-

Camomile, or Chamomile [kam' '-o-mll). See Anthemis
and Matricaria.

Campana [kam-pa'-nah). See Pulsatilla.

Camp Cure. Life in camp and in the open aii. adopted
as a therapeutic measure. C. Fever. Synonym of
Tvphus Fever. C. Measles, an epidemic of measles
among soldiers.

Campani's Ocular. See Ocular. C. Tests. See
,. Table of.

Campanula [kam-pan'-u-lah) [I.., "a little bell"].
1. Any bell-shaped part or process 2. A genus of
plants with bell-shaped flowers : blue-bell: Canterbury
bell. Several of the species, as C. trac helium and ('.
glomerata have been employed in medicine, as d< tei
gents, astringents, and vulneraries. Unof.

Campanulate (ham-pan* '-u-ldt) [campanula, a little
bell]. Bell-shaped.

Camper's Angles. See Angle. C. Ligament. See
Ligament. C. Lines. See Lines, Table of. C. Plane.
See Plain-. C. Profile Line. See Profile Line.

Camphene [ham-fin' ,or kam' '-fin) [camphor], Cj0H]g.
The solid terpene obtained from pinene halogen hydrid
by the elimination of the haloid acid.

Camphenes (ham'-finz) [camphor]. The volatile oils
or hydrocarbons having the general formula ( ,,,11,,;,
isomeric with oil of turpentine. Many camphenes
exist ready-formed in plants, as oil of cloves, etc.
They are liquid at ordinary temperatures. They are
also called terpenes, but by some authorities the latter
is made the generic name of all the volatile hydrocar-
bons having the formula C,0H16, while the name
camphene is limited to those teq^enes that are solid at
ordinary temperatures.

Camphoid (ham'-foid) [camphor], A substitute for
collodion. It is a solution, one in 40, of pyroxylin,
in ei]ual parts by weight of camphor and absolute
alcohol. It may be used as a vehicle for applications
to the skin. The application dries in a few minutes,
leaving an elastic opaque film, not easily washed oil.

Campholic Acid {kam fol'-ik). See Acid, Campholic.

Campho-phenique 1 kam 'i [!•>.]. A proprie

tary preparation combining camphor and phenol ; it is
recommended as an antiseptic and local stimulant.

Camphor (kam' -fur) [camphora, camphor :

Camphora], C10H16O. A solid volatile oil ob-
tained from Cinnamomum camphora, a tree indig-
enous to Eastern Asia. It yields camphoric and cam-
phretic acids, also C. Cymol when distilled with zinc
• chlorid. It is a valuable antispasmodii . anodyne and
diaphoretic. Applied locally, it is an excellent rube
facient. It is a moderate cerebral excitant. It is
effectual in cholera, vomiting, cardiac depression and
affections requiring an antispasmodic. C.,aqua, con-
sists of camphor S, alcohol 5, precipitated calcium
phosphate 5, distilled water q. s. ad iooo parts. I
zj-iv. C. Ball, an English preparation used as an
application to chapped skin. lis composition is sper-
maceti 4, white wax 12. oil of almonds 5; melt in
a water bath, and add flowers ol' camphor .). Dis-
solve and when nearly cold pour into boxes or mould
in gallipots. C.Borneo. See Borneol. C. Carbo-
lated, a mixture of 21,' parts ol camphor with "in-
each of carbolic and and alcohol. A good antiseptic
dressing for wounds. C, ceratum, consists of cam
phor liniment I. white wax }, and lard (>. I sed
lor itching skin-affections. C, Chloral, a fluid pre-
pared by mixing equal parts of camphor and chloral
hydrate. It is an excellent solvent lor many alka-
loid-. I si '1 exti mally. C.-ice, the erratum cam-
phora composition, X. F. C, linimentum, has
camphor J 1 oil So parts. C, LinU

ment. Comp. (B. P.), contains camphor and oil of

CAMPHl IRIC ACID

253

CANAL

lavender dissolved in rectified spirit, and strong solu-
tion of ammonia added. C, Monobromated, < „,I I15-
BrO, camphor in which one atom of hydrogen has
been replaced by an atom of bromin. It resembles
the bromids in therapeutic action. Dose gr. j— x, in
emulsion. C. salicylate, prepared bj beating to-
gether 14 parts of camphor with 11 of salicylic acid,
[t is used as an ointment. C, Spt., contains camphor 10,
alcohol 70, water 20 parts. I tose rtyv-xx. C, Tinct.,
Comp. (B. P.), contains opium, benzoic acid, camphor,
oil of anise, and proof spirit. Dose n^xv-gj. C.
Tinct., Rubini's. Unof. A saturated solution of
camphor in alcohol. Dose gtt. iv-x. Raspail's
" Eau Sedative." Unof. Contains aq. ammoniae5ij,
sodium chlorid 3 ij, camph. spt. wine 3 iij, water Oij.
I Fsed externally.

Camphoric Acid [kam-forf -ill). See Acid.

Camphoronic Acid t kam-fo-ronf //•)• See Acid.

Camphors [kam/-forz\ [camp&ora, camphor]. Peculiar-
smelling substances containing oxygen and intimately
related to the terpenes. They are often found with
the latter in plant-secretions and can be artificially
prepared by oxidizing the same.

Camphylene (ham' ' -fil-in)\camphora, camphor], C10l l]i;.
1. A liquid terpene produced by decomposing cam-
phene with lime at a great heat. 2. A commercial
name for naphthalin, occurring in blocks that are sold
for protecting furs and woolens from moths, and are
placed in urinals for disinfecting purposes.

Campimeter [kam-pim'-et-er). See Perimeter.

Camplin's Biscuits. See Biscuits.

Campsis (hamp/-sis) [_K.ap.ipig, a curving]. Any abnormal
curvature or flexion.

Campterium [kamp-te* '-re-urn) [Kapirrfyp, a bending].
In biology, the anterior border of the wing; the bend
of the wing.

Campylochirus [kam-pil-o-ki' '-rus) \_Kfiu-i'Aog, crooked ;
Xf!f>, hand]. Having distorted hands.

Campylorrhachis {kam-pil-orf -a-kis) [/ca '/ ~ v / or,
crooked; pt'iy/c, backbone]. A fetus witli spinal
deformity. »

Campylorrhinus(/J'(CW-/>//-'l-r//-;//ri-) \_Knn-r7 or, crooked;
p c , nose]. A monstrosity with a deformity of the

Campylospermous {kam-pil-o-sper* '-mus) [/>-««-// or,
curved ; arrtptia, a seed]. In biology, applied to seeds
having the material curved so as to form longitudinal
furrows.

Campylotropal {ham-pil-otf -ro-pal~) \_i<an-ri ■'/!>■■, curved;
TpineLv, to turn]. In biology, applied to ovules or
seeds that are bent or curved on themselves.

Canada {katt' -a-dafi) [Sp.]. A British possession in
Xorth America. C. Balsam. See Bahamian can-
adense. For its uses in microscopy, see Mounting
Media. C. Snakeroot, the root of Asarum canadense.
See Asarum. C. Hemp. See Apocynum.

Canadian {kan-af -de-ari) \Canadd_\. Pertaining or
belonging to Canada.

Canadol [kan'-ad-ol). A transparent volatile liquid re-
sembling benzene in smell. It is an excellent local
anesthetic for minor surgical operations. Unof.
also Gasoleur.

Canaigre [kan-a'-grd) [Sp.]. The Rumex kvmeno-
sepa/us, a plant of Texas, Mexico, Utah ami Cali-
fornia. The root is highly astringent: the sour stalks
are used, like rhubarb-stalks, in making pies. Unof.

Canal, or Canalis {kan-al ' , or kan-a'-lis) [canna, a
reed or tube]. 1. A tube or duct for carrying the
fluids of the body. 2. A hollow instrument used as
a splint. C, Abdominal. See C, Inguinal. C,
Abital. See C. , Aphodal. C, Aerial. See C, Air.
C, Afferent. See C, Incurrent. C, Air, a cavity

containing air, such a- exists in mo ible organs;

it i^ formed lis an am 1 ol development or by a destruc-
tion oi some of the anatomic elements. C, Al-
cock's, a strong sheath of the obturator layer of tin-
pelvic fascia containing the internal pudi< artery. C,
Alimentary, the whole digestive tube from the mouth
1.. ill.- aim-. C, Ali sphenoid, in comparative anatomy,
a canal in the alisphenoid hone, opening anteriorly into
the foramen rotundum, and transmitting the external

nd artery. C, Alveolar, Anterior, one located
in the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior supe-
rior dental nerve. C, Alveolar, Inferior, the inferior
denial 1 anal. C, Alveolar, Median, om 1 in

the superior maxilla and transmitting tie- middle su]
rioi dental nerve. C, Alveolar, Posterior, 1
situated in the superior maxilla; it transmits the
posterior superior dental nerve-. C, Alveolo-dental,

' '., Dental. C, Ambulacral, in the Echinoa
iiiata. branches of the circular canal. C, Anal, leads
from the rectum to the external opening of the anus.
C, Aphodal, in certain sponges, one connecting a
chamber with an excurrent canal. C, Apical, in
Ctenophora, two canals extending from the funnel to
the apical pores. C, Aquiferous. 1. Canals that
in many molluscs traverse the substance of the I
opening externally by pores, or internally into the

id sinuses. 2. In the Entozoa, a series of ramify-
ing excretory canals, with blind extremities, converging
to a common canal that opens externally. C, Arach-
noid, a space formed beneath the arachnoid membrane
of the brain ; it transmits the venae magna- < ialeni. C.
of Arantius, the ductus venosus. C, Archinephric,
the duct of the archinephron or primitive kidney.
C, Arterial. See Ductus arteriosus. C, Atrial,
the cavity of the atrium. C, Auditory, External,
that from the auricle to the tympanic membrane. C,
Auditory, Internal, that beginning on the posterior
surface of the petrous bone, and extending outward
and backward for a distance of about four lines ; it
transmits the auditory and facial nerves, and the audi-
tory artery. C, Auricular. 1. See C. , Audit
External. 2. The constriction between the auricular
and ventricular portions of the fetal heart. C, Avant,
the anterior portion of the male urethra. C Axial,
in certain Echinodermata, the central canal of a
brachium, opening into the alimentary canal. C,
Bartholin's, the duct of Bartholin's "land. C. of
Bernard, a supplementary duct of the pancreas. Also
called Santorini's canal. C, Bichat's. See C,
Arachnoid. C. Biflex. See Gland, fnterungulate.
C, Biliary. See (.'.. Hepatic. C, Biliary, Inter-
lobular, canals situated between the acini of the li
containing small branches of the portal vein, etc. C,
Blastoporic. See C. Neurenteric. C. of Bone, a
canaliculus of bone. C , Braun's. See C. Neuren-
teric. C, Braune's, the continuous passage for
by the uterine cavity and the vagina during labor,
after full dilatation of the os. C , Breschet's. S
C. of the Diploc. C, Bullular. Sect', of Petit.
C, Carinal, an air-canal in the Equiseta, situated on
the inner side of the xylem. C, Carotic. See ('.,
Carotid. C Carotico-tympanic, two or three short
canals extending from the carotid canal to the tym-
panum ; they transmit branches of the carotid plexus.
C, Carotid, one in the petrous portion of the temporal
bone; it transmits the internal carotid artery. C. of
Cartilage, the canals in ossifying cartilage, during its
vascularization intended to receive prolongations of
the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum. They radiate
in all directions from the center of ossification. C,
Central (of the modiolus'!, a canal running from the
base to the apex of the cochlea. C, Central (of spinal

I WAI

25 »

( WAI.

cordi, the small canal that extends through the center
of the spinal cord from lh< conus medullaris to the
lowi trii le. It represents

anal. C, Cerebro-spinal,

i I he iuu: irmed bj the

; and lh( lining the brain and spinal

mai All> "' 'he

or less

1 in the latter, but in the former

■mi of the several ventricles and other

C, Cervical. - n. C,

Ccrvico-uterine. See C. of Cervix

Uteri, that | t the uterine canal that extends

. the internal and external os. C. of Chorda

Tympani, a small canal in the temporal bone, be-

us portions, parallel with
; it transmits the chorda tympani
C, Chyleaqueous, in certain invertebrates, a
water and digestive pro-
duct- C, Ciliary. C, Cir-
cular, in thi . a vessel surrounding the
1 with th r by the madre-
nal, and . mbulacral canals. C.
clavellaris, in i al canal running into the
olfa C., Cloacal. See ('. ,
C. of Cloquet. See C, Hyaloid. C,
Cochlear, the spiral ami snail-like cavity of the
in. long. The base is turned
inward toward the internal auditory meatus, and the
\ outward toward the tympanum. C. of Com-
munication, in the embryo of the fowl, canals that
run from the cavity of each protovertebra to the pleuro-
C.| Connecting, the arched or coiled
of a uriniferous tubule, joining with a collect-
tubule. C, Corona, in biology, the coronal in-
ne of Al Same as Pouch corona. C. of
Corti, the triangular canal formed by the pillars of
se of which corresponds to the membrana
It extends over the entire length of the
lamina spiralis. C. of Cotunnius. See Aqueduct
C, Cranio-vertebral. Sec C,
nd »'.. Neural. C, Crural. 5
C, Ctenophoral, in the Clenopkora,
t canals connected at right angles with the tertiary
d canals, and corresponding in their course with
tive bands. C. of Cuvier, the ductus
C, Cystic, the cystic duct. C. of De
Candolle. See C, Medullary. C., Deferent, the
C, Demicircular. See C, Semi-
C Dental, Anterior, one extending
into the facial portion of the superior maxilla; it
tra: ir dental . es. C,
Dental, Inferior, the dental canal of the inferior
ilia; it transmits the inferior dental and
C, Dental, Posterior, two canals in I
r maxilla. They transmit the superior posterior
C, Dentinal, thi i
ling approximately at right-
of a tooth from I Ip cavity,
mentum and enam
C, Digestive. nentary. C. of Diploe,
in the d • ranium transmitting
C, Efferent. I. ■ ' . / ur-
ting the testicles
C, Ejaculatory.
Du C. of Epididymis, a convoluted

■' . f rming
the • I,,.

C. Eschricht's Yellow, in f the . a

fertilizing canal,
■minating in i C., Eth-

moidal, Anterior, i the ethmoid

frontal bones; it transmits the nasal branch of the
ophthalmic nerve, and the anterioi ethmoidal ves
sels. C, Ethmoidal, Posterior. See (., Orbital,
, Internal. C, Eustachian, one in the
petrous portion of the temporal bone, containing a
portion of the Eustachian tube. C, Excurrent, in
sponges, the tubes that carr) water from the ciliated
chambers to the exterior. C, Facial, the aqueduct
of Fallopius; it transmits the facial nerve. C, Fal-
lopian. See Aqueduct of Fallopius. C, Femoral.
I. The inner compartment of the sheath of the femoral
vessels behind Poupart's ligament; a femoral hernia
descends through this. 2. See ('.. Hunter's. C. of
Ferrein, a triangular channel, supposed to exist
between tb< Iges of the eyelids when they are

closed, and to Serve for Conducting the tears toward

the puncta lachrymalia during sleep. C, Fertilizing,
in many cestoda, a tube connecting the vagina and the
uterus. C, Fibro-adipose, in certain fishes, a canal,
tilled with adipose tissue, on the dorsal side of the neural
canal. C. of Fontana, a series of small spai es lormed
by the interlacing of the connective tissue fibers of
the framework of the peripheral proci >es of the
iris, situated in the angle of the anterior cham-
ber, and serving as a medium for the transudation
of the aqueous humor from the posterior to the
anterior chamber of the eye. They are also called ('.
of ffovius, C, Ciliary, and Fontana? s Spaas. C,
Galactophorous, the lactiferous tubules of the
mammary gland. C. of Gartner, in the female, a
relic of the main portion of the Wolffian duct of
the embryo; it is a tube extending from the broad
ligament of the uterus to the wall of the uterus and
vagina. C, Gastro-vascular, in the //.
canals extending from the stomach into the substance
of the disc of the umbrella. C, Genital, in com-
parative anatomy, any (anal designed for copulation
or for the discharge of ova. C, Gonocalycine, a
sv-tem of canals found in the gonocalyx of the Ily-
drozoa. C. of Groin. See C, Inguinal. C. of
Guidi. See ('. , Vidian. C, Gynecophoric, in
Bilharzia, a groove extending from a little below the
ventral sucker to the end of the tail. It lodges the
female during copulation. C. of Havers. See C,
Haversian. C, Haversian, canals in the compact
stance of bone forming a wide-meshed
network, and establishing communication between
the medullary cavity and the surface of the bone
Their average diameter is rT,T inch, and they
are lined by a continuation of the endosteum ; they
transmit blood-vessels, lymph-vessels and nerves.
C, Hemal, one in the ventral surface of the vertebral
column, enclosed by the hemal arches; it is incom-
plete in certain portions. C. of Henle, a portion of
the uriniferous tubules. C, Hepatic. I. The exi
tory duet of the liver. 2. The radicles of the hepatic
C, Hernial, one transmitting a hernia. C.
of Hovius. See C. of Fontana. C. of Huguier.
See C. of the Chorda Tympani. C, Hunter's, a
triangular canal formed in the adductor magnus
mu< the thigh; it transmits the femoral artery

and vein and internal saphenous nerve. C. of
Huschke, one formed by tin- junction of the tuber-
of the annulus tympanicus. This is generally
iter the fifth year, but may persist through
life. C, Hyaloid, an irregularly-cylindrical canal
running antero posteriorly through the vitreous body,
through which in the fetus the hyaloid artery pas
to ramify on the posterior surface of the crystalline
lens. C, Hyapophyseal, in birds, that formed by
the inferior spinous pro of the upper cervical

; i| transmits the carotid artery. C, Inci-

CANAL

255

CANAL

sive. See ('., Incisor. C, Incisor, a canal that
opens into the mouth by an aperture just behind the
incisor teeth of the upper jaw; it is formed byagroove
on the adjoining surfaces oi the superior maxillae, and
has two branches thai open into the nasal fossae. C,
Incurrent, in sponges, the canals that convey water
from the exterior to the ciliated chambers. C, Infra-
orbital, a small canal running obliquelj through the
bony floor of the orbit; it transmits the infraorbital
artery and nerve. O, Inguinal, a canal about one
and one half inches long, running obliquely downward
and inward from the internal to the external abdominal
ring, and constituting the channel through which an
inguinal hernia descends; it transmits the spermatii
cord in the male, and the round ligament of the uterus in
the female. C, Inter-. See ( '., Incurrent. C, Inter-
cellular, in biology, canals formed by the inter-paces
between vegetable cells. C, Intestinal, that portion
of the alimentary canal that is included between the
pylorus and the anus. C, Intrafascicular, one formed
in a hbro-vascular bundle by the destruction of the
vascular tissue and parenchyma. C, Intralobular,
Biliary, the radicles of the bile-ducts, forming a line
network in and around the hepatic cells, and com-
municating with vacuoles in the cells. C. of Jacob-
son. See C, Tympanic. C, Kidney, in the Platel-
mintkes, excretory tubes that take up excrementitious
matter from the tissues. C, Kidney, Primitive,
in some of the lower animals canals that appear to re-
place the kidneys. C. of Kowalevsky. See C, Neu-
renteric. C. , Lacrymal. I. The bony canal that
lodges the nasal duct. 2. One of the lachrymal canal-
iculi. C, Lateral, in most fishes, two canals, one 011
each side, that communicate with cavities in the head,
and with the exterior, by apertures in each overlying
scale; they are probably sensory in function. C. of
Laurer, in certain worms, one by which the oviduct
opens externally on the dorsal surface ; according to
some, the vitellarian duct. C, Lingual, in the horse,
etc. , the floor of the mouth, from its lodging the tongue.
C. of Loewenberg, that portion of the cochlear canal
that is situated above the membrane of Corti. C,
Longitudinal, in the Cestoda, canals, one on each
side of a joint ; they are of uncertain function. C,
Looped, in the Annulate, the segmental organs. C,
Macro-myelonal, the central canal of the spinal cord.
C, Madreporic, in the Eckinodermata , one joining
the madreporite, and the circular canal. C, Malar, one
in the malar bone transmitting the malar division of the
temporo-malar branch of the superior maxillary nerve.
C. of Marrow. See C, Cartilage. C, Maxillary.
See C, Dental. C, Median. 1. The central canal
of the spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius. C,
Medullary. 1. The hollow cavity of a long bone, con-
taining the marrow. 2. See C, Vertebral. 3. The cen-
tral canal of the spinal cord. 4. An Haversian canal. 5.
The canal of De Candolle, enclosing the pith in the
stem of plants. 6. In embryology, the medullary tube.
C, Medullary, Cerebro-spinal, the central canal of
the spinal cord. C, Membranous, of the Cochlea,
a canal in the cochlea, following the turn-, of the
lamina spiralis; it is bounded by the basilar mem-
brane, the membrane of Reissner, and the wall of
the cochlea. C, Membranous, Semicircular.
See C, Semicircular. C. of Modiolus, the spiral
canal of the cochlea. C, Muciparous. S e ('..
Mucous. C, Mucous, in general, canals lined
with mucous membrane. In zoology, canals found
beneath the scales of fishes and other scalv animals,
furnishing the mucus that lubricates the surface. C.
of Miiller. See Miillerian Duct. C, Myelonal, the
central canal of the spinal cord. C, Nasal. I. See

C. , Lachrymal. 2. An al canal found in the

posterior portion of the nasal bone; it transmits the
nasal nerve-,. C, Naso-lachrymal. See C, /.
rymal. C, Naso-palatine. See ( '. , Incisor. C,
Neural. 1. See C, I < bral. 2. In Echin
a canal a part of the wall of which i- formed
by the ambulai ral nerve and 11 tions. C,

Neurenteric, of Kowalewsky, also called Bla
poric Canal, in the embryo, a passage leading from
the posterior part of the medullary tube into the arch-
enteron. C, Neuro-central. See C, Vertebral. C.
of Nuck, a pouch of peritoneum which, in the female
fetus, descends foi a short distance along the round
ligament of the Ut< rus into the inguinal canal; it is the
analogue of the processus vaginalis in the male. It
sometimes persists after birth. C, Nutritive. Seed'.,
Haversian. C, Obstetric. Se< < , Parturient. C,
Obturator, a canal in the ilium transmitting the obtu-
rator nerve and vessels. C, Olfactory, in the embryo,
the nasal fossae at an early period of development. C,
Omphalo-mesenteric, in the embryo, a canal that
connect.-, the cavity of the intestine with the umbilical
vesicle. C, Optic. en:e Optic Foramen. C, Orb-
ital, Anterior Internal. See C, Ethmoidal, An-
terior. C, Orbital, Posterior Internal, the pos
rior of two canals formed by the ethmoid bone and
the orbital plate of the frontal. It transmits the ]
terior ethmoidal vessels. C, Palatine, Accessory
Posterior, one or two canals in the horizontal plate
of the palate bone, near the groove entering into the
formation of the posterior palatine canal. C, Pala-
tine, Anterior, formed by the union of the incisive
canals; it opens on the palate behind the incisor
teeth. C, Palatine, Descending. See ( '. , Palato-
Maxillary. C, Palatine, External, Small, a small
canal in the pyramidal process of the palate bone,
close to its connection with the horizontal plate. It
transmits the external palatine nerve. C, Palatine,
Posterior. See C. , Palato-maxillary. C, Palatine,
Smaller. See (". , Palatine, Posterior. O, Palatine,
Superior, one formed by the palate bone and the
superior maxilla, transmitting the large palatine nerve
and blood-vessels. C, Palatomaxillary, one formed
by the outer surface of tlie palate bone and the adjoin-
ing surface of the superior maxilla. It transmits
the large palatine nerve and blood-vessel. C, Para-
gastric, in the Ctenophora, one that branches oft on
each side of the funnel, and terminate- mar the oral
extremity of the funnel. C, Parturient, the channel
through which the fetus passes in parturition, includ-
ing the pelvic canal, and the uterus and vagina con-
sidered as a single canal. C, Pelvic, the canal of
the pelvis, from the superior to the inferior strait. O,
Pericardio-peritoneal, in some of the lower verte-
brates; canals connecting the pericardium and the
peritoneal cavity. C, Perigastric, in the Hydro
two canals running parallel to the stomach, from the
infundibulum, and terminating in culs-de-sac near the
mouth. C, Peritoneal, in the Plagiostomata, etc..
two canal-, leading from the peritoneal cavity, one to
each side of the cloaca. C, Perivascular, the cir-
cumvascular lymph -paces. C. of Petit. Properly,
a space, intersected by numerous tine interlacing fiber-.
existing between the anterior and posterior laminae ol
the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens. It
extends from the periphery of the lens, nearly to the
apices of the ciliary process, and transmits the -cere
tion from the posterior chamber. C, Petro-mas
toid, a small canal not always present, situated at the
angle of union between tin- mastoid and petrous bone-.
It transmits a small vein from the middle fossa ot the
skull to the transverse sinus. C, Petrosal, two canals

I WA1

256

( \\\1.

on the upper sui the petrous portion of the tern-

transmitting tin- large and small superficial

C, Plasmatic, i. \n Haversian

..ii hi. in the
longitudinal a homogeneous fluid

the nutrition of the
rnal. C, Poison, in J in the poi-

acuiation of the venom.
C, Pore. - C., Porous, in the ovule,

■ i the s]

tion. C, Portal. Sei Infrc ular,

C . Preputial, in the lower animal-, the

C, Primitive, the neural canal

C, Prosodal, in sponges, a (anal

the chamber with tin- prosopyle. C,

Pseudostomatous. i branched cells

thai pithelial or endothelial layer

ree i nds forming the pseudo-
C, Pterygoid - C, Ptery-

gopalatine rmed by the root of the internal

iid bone and the sphen-
date bone, h transmits the
and nerve. C, Pulmo-
aortic. C, Radial, in the

iU that branch off laterall) from
h divides into two (the secondary
which tl into two i the tertiary

into the ctenophoral canals. C.
of Recklinghausen, minute channels supposed to
-t in all connective tissue, which are directly con-
tinuous with the lymphatic vessels, and hence may be
form their origin. C. of Reissner. Sec C,

C, Resin. See C. ,
C, Resiniferous, a canal in which
I. C, Rhachidian. See C, Verte-
C. of Rivinus, the duct of the sublingual gland.
C. of Rosenthal. See ( .. Spiral, of the Modiolus,
C, Sacculo-cochlear, one connecting the sacculus
and the cochlea. C, Sacculo-utricular, one con-
ting the sacculus and the utricle. C, Sacral, the
tinuation of tin- vertebral canal in the sacrum.
C, Sand. C, Santorini's.

.-■ ■/. C. of Schlemm, an irregular
f spaces occupying the
imeal region of tin- eye; it is regarded by
som us, by others as a lymph channel.

C, Secretory, an interspace between the cells of
. lined with special cells, secreting va-
rious products such as oils, balsams, gum-resins, etc.
C Semicircular, bony canals of the labyrinth of the
'I hey are- three in number, tin- ext rnal,
tain the membran
C, Semicircular, Anterior.
C, Semicircular,
Anterior Vertical. . Semicircular, Superior.

C. Semicircular, External, that one of the semicir-
ibyrinth having its plane horizon-
directed backward C, Semi-
circular, Frontal. See ('-. Semicircular, Superior.
C, Semicircular, Horizontal. See C, Semicircu
C, Semicircular, Inferior. See
C, Semicircular, In-
ner C., Semicir-
cular, Internal. {circular, Fosterior.
C, Semicircular, Lateral. midrcular,
C, Semicircular, Osseous. See ' .
C, Semicircular, Posterior, that one
of i having it- convexity dire< ted
nd it- plane ah illcl to the p

imil. C , Semicircular, Pos-
terior Vertical. ular, Posterior.
C, Semicircular, Sagittal. S trcular,

C, Semicircular, Superior, thai one of
the semicircular canals having its convexit) directed
i. .ward the upper surface ol the pyramid. C, Sem-
inal, the seminiferous tubules. C, Serous, any mi-
nute canal connected with the lymph vessels and -up
posed to he idled with lymph. C, Sheathing, the
communication between the cavitj of tin- tunica vagi
nalis oi the I and the general peritoneal cavity.

h soon (lost- iii man, leaving the tunna vaginalis a
closed sac. C, Side, blind canal- in the ventral skin
ol amphioxus, supposed to have a urinary function.
C, Spermatic, i. rhe vas deferens. 2. The ingui
nal canal in the male. C, Spheno-palatine. See
('.. palatine. C Spinal. See C, Vertebral.

C, Spiral, of the Cochlea, one that run- spirally
around the modiolus, taking two tin 1 1 - and a hall.

diminishing in size from the base to the apex, and
terminating in the cupola. C, Spiral, of the Modio-
lus, a small canal winding around the modiolus ol
the base of the lamina spiralis. C, Spiroid, of the
Temporal Bone. See Aqueduct of Fallopius. C.
of Stenson. See Stenson's Duct. C, Sternal, in
the Crustacea, one formed by the union of tin m
phragms of the endosternites. C. of Stiebel, in cm
tain .Mollusca the embryonic renal organ. C. of
Stiega. See ('. of Laurer. C. of Stilling. See
( '. . Hyaloid, and ('. , Central, of .spin,:/ Cord. C,
Stone. See C. , Madreporic. C, Suborbital. See
('.. Infraorbital. C, Supraorbital, one at the upper
margin of the orbit. It transmit- tin- supraorbital ar-
tery and nerve. C, Temporal. See ( '. . Zygomatico-
temporal. C, Temporo-malar. See ('. Zygo-
maticotemporal. C, Thoracic, the thoracic duct.
C, Tympanic, one that opens on the lower surface
of the petrous bone, between the carotid canal and
the groove tor the internal jugular vein. It transmits
Jacobson's nerve. C, Urethro-sexual, hi some
mammals the vagina and urethra combined. C, Urin-
ary, the urethra. C, Uro-genital. See I -ogenital
Sinus. C, Uterine, the canal of the uterus, including
the body and neck. C, Utero-cervical, the ca\it\
of the cervix uteri al the time of labor. C, Utero-
vaginal, i. The common canal formed by the uterus
and vagina. 2. In embryology, the duct of Midler.
C, Vaginal, tin- canal of the vagina. C, Vascu-
lar. See C, Haversian, and C, Cartilage. C, Vec-
tor, the oviduct. C, Venous, the ductus venosus.
C, Vertebral, the canal formed by the vertebrae. It
transmits the spinal cord and it- nu mbi anes. C,
Vertebrarterial, the osseous canal through which the
vertebral artery runs. C, Vestibular. See C. , />/-
current. C, Vidian, a canal of the sphenoid bone
at the base of the inn rnal pterygoid plate, opening
anteriorly into the spheno-maxillary fossa, and po
teriorly into the foramen lacerum. Ii transmits the
Vidian nerve and vessels. C, Vitelligene, in com-
parative anatomy, canals leading to the vitelligene
glands. C, Vitellin, a supposed canal leading from
the central cavity of the vitellus, in bird-' eggs, to the
cicatricula. C, Vulvar, the vestibule ol the vagina
C, Vulvo-uterine, the vagina. C, Vulvo-vag-
inal. 1. The vagina and the vulva considered a- a
single canal. 2. The orifice of the hymen. C, Water-
vascular. See ('., Aquiferous. C. of Wharton.
Whartm C, White, of Malpighi, in

iwo white convoluted urinarj tubule- open
ing into the large intestine. C. of Wirsung, the
pancreatic duct. C. of Wolff. See Wolffian Duct.
C, Yellow, of Malpighi, in insects, two yellowish
convoluted tubes opening at the junction of tie stom
ach and intestine; thej are regarded as urinary. C,
Zygomatic. See ('. , Zygomatico-temporal and C,

CANALICULAR

257

CANINE

Zygomaticofacial. C, Zygomatico-facial. See C,
Malar. C., Zygomatico-temporal, the temporal
canal of the malar bone, running from its orbital to
its temporal surface. It transmits a branch of the
superior maxillary nerve.

Canalicular [kan-al-ik' -u-lar) [canalis, a channel].
In biology, canal shaped.

Canaliculization \/can-al-ik-u-liz-a'-shu>i ) [canaliculus,
a little canal]. Tin- formation of canaliculi, as in
bone, or as in calcified cartilage.

Canaliculus ( kan-al-ik' '-u-lus) [L. : //., Canaliculi'].
A mil ,11 canal ; ■ spi • ially that leading from the punc-
tum to the lachrymal sac of the eye ; and in the plural,
the minute canals opening into the lacunae of hone.
S :e Bone.

Canalization [kan-al-iz-a' -shun) [canalis, a canal].
I. The formation of canals, as in tissues, etc. 2. A
system of wound-drainage without tubes. C. of the
clot, formation of a channel through a clot in a
vessel for the passage of the blood-current, occurring
from the 50th to the 70th day after ligation. See
. / asifactive.

Canarin [kan* -ar-iri). See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Canarium [kan-af -re-uni) [E. End. , canari\. A genus
of burseraceous trees and shrubs of warm regions. C,
commune affords a part (at least) of the manila elemi,
and also a balsam resembling copaiba. Other species
yield similar produt ts.

Canatillo [kak-nah-tel'-yd). See Tepopote.

Cancellate (kan'-sel-at ) [cancellare, to provide with
a lattice]. Reticulated, or characterized by latticed
lines, as the spongy tissue of bones, or certain leaves
consisting entirely of veins.

Cancellation [kan-sel-a' -shun) [cancelli, lattice-work].
The quality of being cancellate ; cancellous structure.

Cancellous [kan'-sel-us) [cancelli, lattice-work]. Re-
sembling lattice-work. C. Tissue. See Tissue.

Cancellus ikan' '-sel-us) [cancelli, lattice-work]. A
space, or unit of structure, in cancellous bone ; any
one of the minute divisions in spongy bone. The
spongy, lattice- work texture of bone.

Cancer [kan'-ser). See Carcinoma. C, Alveolar, a
carcinoma with an alveolar structure. C. aquaticus.
Synonym of Stomatitis, Gangrenous. C. -bandage,
a crab-shaped bandage ; a split-cloth of eight tails.
C.-cell, a peculiar cell sometimes seen in adenoid
cancer and in sarcoma. It was formerly thought to
be pathognomonic of the malignant quality of a tumor.
C, Clay-pipe. See C, Smokers'. C, Colloid, one
containing colloid material. C. en cuirasse, dis-
seminated lenticular cancer of the skin. C. -Juice,
the milky fluid yielded by the cut surface of a hard
cancer on scraping. C, Melanotic, a malignant
pigmented form. C, Smokers', epithelioma of
the lip due to the irritation of a pipe. C.-root, a
name of Epiphegus virginiana, Aphyllon uniflorum,
Conopkolis americana and other plants vaunted as
cancer-cures. The above are all either root-para-
sites or saprophytes. Unof. See Aphyllon. C.-r.
Beech-drop, a name for a plant used as a local ap-
plication for cancer. C.-weed, Prenanthes alba, a
plant. C.-wort, Linuria spuria and /.. elatine,
European herbs.

Cancerate [kanf -ser-af) [nap/denc, a crab]. To become
cancerous ; to be developed into a cancer.

Canceration {kan-ser-a' '-shun) [Kapnivoc, a crab]. De-
velopment into a cancer ; the assumption of malig-
nant qualities by a tumor.

Cancerous [kan' '-ser-us) [napidvoc, a crab]. Having
the qualities of a cancer; malignant.

Canchalagua [kan-cha-la' '-gwah 1 [Sp.]. A Spanish-
American name for various plants, chiefly of the

17

genus Erythraa, (as E. chilensis, I. , E. tri-

chantha). They are bitter tonics, with the quali

of gentian. Unof.
Canchasmus [kan-kaz/-mus) [ , loud laugb

i' 1 I . Hysterii al or immoderate laughter.
Cancriform [kangf -krif-orm) [cancer, a crab ; forma,

form]. Resembling a cancer in appearance.
Cancrisocial ris-o'-shal) [cancer, a crab; so,

a companion], hi biology, a communalistic associa

thin ot sea anemonies, sponges, molluscs, etc. on the
11 inhabited by a hermit crab.
Cancrivorous [kang-kriv'-o-rus) [cancer, a crab;

T", at]. Applied to animals that feed upon

l 1 ills.

Cancroid [kangf -kroid) [cancer, a crab]. Cancer-like;

ti-malignant. C. Ulcer. See Rodent Ul
Cancroin [kan'-kro-in) [cancer, a crab]. A substance
1 said to be identical with neurin), introduced by Adam-

kiewicz as a material for hypodermatic injection in
cases of malignant disease, it being 1 i by him

as an alexin destructive- of cancer-tissue.

Cancrophagous [kang-krofff-ag-us\ [cancer, a -crab;
Iv, to eat]. Sain, 1- Cancrivorous.

Cancrum (kang'-krum) [L., "a cancer"]. A cancer
or rapidly-spreading ulcer. C. Oris, also called
Canker of the Mouth, Gangrenous Stomatitis, Noma,
Gangrenous i Iceration of the Mouth. It is a disease
of childhood between tlie ages of one and five, char-
acterized by the formation of foul, deep ulcers of the
buccal surfaces of the cheeks or lips. There is but
slight pain, but the prostration is great, and death
usually results from exhaustion or blood-poisoning.
The disease is generally the result of poor hygienic
surroundings acting upon a debilitated system. C.
Nasi, gangrenous rhinitis of children.

Candela [kan-de,-lah ) [candere, to glow] 1. A medi-
cated candle for fumigation. 2. A wax bougie.

Candle (kan'-Jl) [candela, a candle]. A taper; a
bougie. C. -berry, the bay-berry. Myrica cerij
or its waxy fruit, from which a greenish wax is ob-
tained. See Myrica. C.-fish Oil. See Eulachoni
Oleum. C.-foot. See Unit Quantity of Light. C-
house, an establishment in which candles are manufac-
tured. C. -power, in photometry, the candle-power
of a lamp is measured by the ratio of the illumination
of the light considered to that of a standard candle.
both sources being at the same distance from the object
illuminated.

Cane Sugar (kan-shug/-ar). See Sacckarum.

Canella [kan-elr-ah ) [dim. of Canna, a reed]. The
bark of C. alba deprived of its corky layer and dried.
It is a native of the West Indies and is an aromatic
tonic and bitter stomachic. Dose of the powdered
bark, gr. xv-xxx. Officinal in the B. P.

Canelle-Brown. Same as Phenylene Br

Canescent (kan-es'-ent) [canus, white or hoary]. In
biology, applied to the gray, hoary or white plumage
or fur of animals and to the pubescence of plants.

Canestrini, Bacillus of. See Bacteria.

Canine [ka'-nin or ka-nlnf) [canis, a dog]. Partaking
of the nature of, relating to, or resembling a dog. or
the sharp tearing-teeth of mammals, located between
the incisors and the molars. C. Appetite, bulimia,
a. -■■ C. Eminence, a prominence on the outer side
of the upper maxillary bone. C. Fossa. See/,
C. Laugh, a sardonic smile, or grin. C. Madness,
rabies, hydrophobia. C. Muscle, the levator anguli
oris. See Muscles, Table of. C. Teeth, dentes
canini ; cynodontes; dentes laniarii ; dents angulai
cuspidati ; conoides ; eye-teeth. The cuspid teeth
next to the lateral incisors; so called from their re-
semblance to a dog*s teeth.

CANINIFORM

< A.NTUS GALL1

Caniniform pertaining t<>

the Applii i resembling
canii

Cam- L,"adog"], i I he dog. 2 \

f animals C. rabiosa. Synonym of .#j

Canities I 1 at. ]. J hoariness ;

bail I ikIi. mi

.1 prematui I decoloi

tion of the hair, tl trying from blacl

wii tin. the whiti

i pathologic,
mfined to localized

Canker er]. An ulcera-

acrnm ori-. ; in . a fetid the

C.-rash. Synonym

Canna nus of large-

lc.i is plants. C. indica, has an acrid

; stimulai it is alterative, diuretic and dia-

retic Unof. The rhizome of C. speciosa affords
as es-mois, a good substitute for
true an C. Starch. Si les-mois.

Cannabene kan'-al See Cannabis.

Cannabin. 3 nnabis.

Cannabinin '-///-///) [^cannabis, hemp], A

itile alkaloid from cannabis indica.

Cannabinon, Cannabinone [kan-al/ -in-ori) ^cannabis,

hemp]. An amorphous bittei resinoid from Indian

hemp, an hypnotic. Dose I to 3 grains.

I" 1

Cannabis I..]. Hemp. Indian hemp.

The Bowerii tiva, of which there are

two varieties, C. indica and ( '. americana, the former

being the more potent. They contain a resin, cannabin,

and a volatile oil. from which are obtained Cannabene

. alight hydrocarbon, and Hydrid of Cannabene ,

rystallim body. It is an antispasmodic, anesthetic,

narcotic, and a powerful aphrodisiac. In large doses it

Itation, intoxication, and a sensa-

It is a valuable hypnotic

in delirium tremens, and is useful lor painful affections

der and for functional impotence. Bh,

h are the various Indian

nai 'Inch the drug i.-> known. Strychnin and

idism ai C. Indica, Ext., dose gr.

C. Ind., Ext. Fid., an alcoholic preparation.

' j— v. C. Ind., Tinct., contains 15 per cent.

Irug. Dose Tti^xx— J5J. Cannabin Tannate,

rid I >ose a- a hypnotic gr. v-x.

Cannabism . hempl. The

ha1 nabis indica; ill-health caused by

thi indica.

Cannabis . hemp]. A devotee

nabis indica.
Cannel Coal See (

Cannoid ;i reed; . form],

tain radiolarians.
Cannon-bor. • 1 »ne of the functional and

•pal or 1

veight of the body upon

Cannula nn. of canna, a tube], A

of a ml. leatn

■I a stiletto. It i- used for tap-

Cannulated nnula, a little tube].

i needle.
Canquoin's Paste. of flour, water, and zinc

chlorid ; it

Cantani's Diet. An exclusive meat-diet in diabetes.

Canterbury Bell {kari '-ter-ber-e bel j. See Campanula.

Cantering Rhythm {kan> \ter-ing rithni). See Bruit
'op.

Canthal {kan'-thal 1 [Vcav0<5c, a can thus]. Relating to
a canthus.

Canthariasis [kan-thar-if -as-is) [ , a kind of

beetle]^ A term proposed by Hope tor the dis<
that originate from tin presence in the body of coleop
terous insects or their Ian a .

Cantharidal [k xn-thar1 '-id-al )[iiavdaplq, a blistering fly],
ting to in containing cantharides,

Cantharides [kan-thar* Plural of Cantharis.

Cantharidin [kan-thar4 '-id-in\ [ .a blistering

fly], * i,,!!,.11,- II" bitter principle contained in
Spanish die- and other insects; it crystallizes in
prisms or leaflets, and melt- at 21S0. It has an
tremly bitter taste, and produces blisters on the skin.
Si e '. 'antharis.

Cantharidism {kan-thar* '-id-izm) [/caWtoptf, a blistering
fly], ( lantharidal poisoning.

Cantharis [kan'rthai i [tcavdapig, a blistering fly:
//., Cantharides"]. Spanish Fly. The dm. I body of
aspeciesol beetle, C. vesicatoria (nat. ord. Coleoptera).
It contains a powerful poisi mi ius principle, cantharidin,
•'iJl,.,1 ',- Locally applied, cantharis i> a rubefacient
I vesicant ; internally it is an irritant, causing gastral-
gia and vomiting. In toxic dose^ it ]>roduces severe
gastro-enteritis, strangury, and priapism. It is used
chiell) a- an external counter-irritant in the form of
"blisters." C, acetum (B. P.), of the strength of
5 ij to Oj. C.j Ceratum, cantharides 32, yellow wax
18, resin iS, lard 22. oil of turpentine 15. C, Ext.,
Ceratum. canthaiides 30, resin 15. yellow wax 35,
lard 35, alcohol q. s. C, Charta, cantharides I, Can-
ada turpentine I, olive-oil 4, spermaceti 3, white wax 8,
water to parts. Charta epispastica (I! P. ), blistering
paper (white wax, spermaceti, olive-oil, resin, Canada
balsam, cantharides, distilled water). Collodium
cantharidatum, cantharides <>o, llexible collodion
85, chloroform q. s. C. cum picis emplast., Warm-
ingPlaster, Burgundy pitch 92, cerat. canthar 8 parts.
Emplastrum calefaciens (B. P.), cantharides, ex-
pressed oil of nutmeg, yellow wax, resin, resin-plaster,
soap-plaster, boiling water. C, emplastrum ( B. I'. ),
cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, prepared lard,
resin. C, liniment., cantharides 15, oil of turpen-
tine q. s. ad 100. C. Tinct., contains 5 per cent, of
tin- drug. Dose mj-xx. C, unguent. (B. P.), can-
tharides, yellow wax, olive oil.

Canthectomy {kan-thek' '-to-me) \navd6\ , canthus ;
e/cri ! 1 utting out]. Excision of a canthus.

Canthitis {kan-thi* -tis) [/cm>0<$c, canthus; irig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of a canthus.

Cantholysis {kan-thoV '-is-is) \_mv86q, canthus; Xhot(,
a loosening]. Canthotomy with section of the ex-
ternal canthal ligament .

Canthoplastic [kan-tho-plas' -tik) \kuv06c, the canthus;
irXaaffeiv, to form]. Relating t" 1 anthoplasty.

Canthoplasty (kan' ' -tho-plds-te) [xavftJc, the angle of
the eye ; TcTu&ooeiv, to form], A surgical operation for
increasing the ,i/e of the palpebral fissure by cutting
the . .uter 1 anthus.

Canthorraphy ( kan-thor' -a-fe) [icavddc, canthus ; ■

I A surgical operation to reduce the size of
the palpebral fissure by suture of the canthus.

Canthotomy [kan-thof -o-me) \kovB6c, canthus; t6ut), a
. utting ] Surgii al divisii in 1 .1 a 1 anthus.

Canthus [kan'-thus) \jiavH6c, canthus]. The inner or
outer angle formed l>v the juncture ..( the eyelids.

Cantus galli [kan"-i [L., " cock-crowing"].

Same as ( 'hild crowing.

CANULA

259

CAPRIFY

Canula (kan'-u-lah). See Cannula.

Canutillo {kakn-oo-til' vo). See Tepopo*

Caoutchouc {koo-chook') [S. American], [ndia-rubber.
The chief substance contained in the milky juice that
exudes upon incision ot a number of tropical trees
belonging to tlie natural orders Euphoi
carpa <e, and 1 .. I 1 1 < juice is a vegetable

emulsion, the caoutchouc being suspended in.it in the
form of minute transparent globules. When pure,
caoutchouc i.-^ nearly white, soft, elastic, and glutinous;
it swells up in water without dissolving ; the best
solvents an- carbon disulphid and chloroform. It
melts at al' >ut 1500 ('., and decomposes at 2000 C.

Capacity {kap-as' -it-e) [capacitas, capacity]. Mental
receptivity; passive (or active) mental capability; moral
or Legal responsibility.

Capax Doli {ka'-paks do'-li). See Doli Capax.

Capelina {kap-el-i' '-nah). See Capistrum.

Capeline {kap'-el-in). See Bandage.

Capeman's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Caper [ka'-per). See Capparis.

Capiat {ka'-pe-at) [L., " let it take]. An instrument
intended for use in removing remnants of the placenta,
polypi, or the like, from the uterine cavity.

Capillaire {kap-il-dr/) [Fr.]. The plant Adiantum capil-
lus veneris, a species of maiden hair fern ; also a
cough-syrup prepared from the same. See Adiantum.

Capillarity {kap-il-ar1 '-it-e) [capillus, a hair]. Capillary
attraction : the force that causes fluids to rise in line
tubes or bores, or in very thin chinks. In an electric
battery, the disturbing effects of the proper action of
a voltaic cell caused by capillary action.

Capillary {kap'-il-a-re, or kap-il' '-ar-e) [capillus, a hair].
I. A minute blood-vessel connecting the smallest
ramifications of the arteries with those of the veins.
Also a very minute fissure of the skull. Also the
intercellular biliary passages. 2. Hair-like: relating
to a hair, or to a hair like filament, or to a tube with
a hair like bore. C. Attraction capillarity. C. Bron-
chitis. See Bronchitis. C. Embolism. See Embo-
lism. C. Fissure, C. Fracture, a linear fracture,
without displacement. C. Nevus. See Narvus Vas-
cularis. C. Pulse, a visible change of color or an
artificial blush in aortic regurgitation. C. Vessels,
the capillaries. Capillaries, Meigs's, branching
capillaries discovered by A. V. Meigs in the human
heart. C, Pulmonary, a name used to designate the
plexuses beneath the mucous membrane, on the walls
and septa of the alveoli of the lungs.

Capilli {kap-il' -i) [Plural of Capillus, hair]. In biol-
ogy, applied to the hairs on the front and top of an
insect's head.

Capilliculture {kap-il' ' -e-kul-chiir) [capillus, hair; cul-
tura, culture]. Systematic treatment for the improve-
ment or restoration of the hair.

Capilliculus [kap-il-ik' -u-lus) [dim. of capillus: pi.,
Capilliculi\. Any one of the very smallest of the
capillary vesicles.

Capillifolious [kap-il-if-of le-us) [capillus, hair ; folium,
a leaf]. Characterized by hair-like have-.

Capilliform {kap-il' -if-orm) [capillus, hair; forma,
form]. Hair shaped.

Capillitium {kap-il-isk' -e-um) [capillus, the hair]. In
biology, the hair-like threads within the r-,pore-cases
of many fungi.

Capillus {kap- U'-us) [L. : pi. Capilli]. A hair; the
hair ol the head.

Capistrum (kap-is' -trum) [I... a muzzle or halter: //. ,
Capistra~\. I. A bandage for the head or for the
lower jaw. Called also Capelina. 2. In biology, a
mask or hood-like coloration of the face and part of
the head in certain birds.

Capital (kap'-it-al) [caput, the head], 1. Pertaining

to tin- hi ad, or to the summit of a body or ol

2. ' 'I greal importance; as a capital operation in

surgerj ,

Capitalis reflexa {kap-U-a' -lis re-Jleks'-ah). A recur-
rent bandage lor a stump.

Capitate {kapZ-it-at) [caput, bead]. In biology, hav-
ing a head or a head-like termination.

Capitellate {kap-it-el' '-at) [capilellum, a little head]. In
biolog) . bearing small h

Capitellum {kap-it-el' -urn) [dim. of caput\.
rounded, external surface of the lower end ol
humerus.

Capitiluvium {kap-it-el-uf -ve-um) [caput, head ;

to wash]. A washing or bathing of the head; a
u ash lor the head.

Capitopedal [kap-it-o-ped'-al) [caput, a head;

foot]. In biology, pertaining to or near the junction
ol the head and loot.

Capitular {kap-it' -u-lar) [caput, head]. Pertaining to
a capitulum or head. C. Process of a vertebra, one
with which the head of a rib articula:

Capitulum {kap-it' -u-lum) [capitulum, a small head].
In anatomy and biology, the enlarged terminal por-
tion of an organ, plant, or animal, as the head 1
bone; the enlar. portion of a .-.talked animal;

knobbed end of an antenna or of an insect's poi
a dense cluster or head of flowers, leaves, or spores
in plants. C. of Santorini, a small elevation on the
apex of the arytenoid cartilage corresponding in j
tion to the posterior extremity of the vocal band.

Cappa [kap' -all 1. The ectocinereal lamina of the mi
cephal.

Cappagh Brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Capparis (kap'-ar-is) [L., the caper-bush]. A genus
of shrubs including the caper-bush, C. spinosa. ii-
llower-buds (capers) are pickled, or made into a
piquant sauce. The bark of the root and the flowers
are official remedies in some countries (as Spain) ; it is
diuretic, cathartic, depurative, stimulant. Unof.

Cappazwoli's Test. See Tests, Table of

Capped Elbow (kapdel'-boTo). See Shoe-boil.

Capped Hock {kapd' hok). In farriery, the develop-
ment of a bruise at the point of the hock of a horse,
with the formation of an hygroma, the result of rub-
bing or striking that part against the partition of the
stall.

Capped Knee {kapd' ne). A dropsical collection in the
bursa in front of the knee-joint of the horse.

Capranica's Tests. See Tests, Table of.

Caprantilopine {kap-ran-til' -o-pin) [cap r a, a she -goat ;
antilopinus, antelope]. Uniting the characters of a
goat and an antelope.

Capre \kap'-er). See Mulatto.

Capreolar {kap-re'-o-lar), Capreolary {kap/ -re-o-la
Capreolate {kap' -re-o-lat) [capreolus, a tendril]. In
biology, climbing, furnished with tendrils; inanatomv
resembling tendrils, as the spermatic \
capreolaria. C. Vessels, the spermatic \< •
from tluir twined and twisted appearance.

Capreolus {kap-re' -o-lus) [capreolus. a wild goat ; a
tendril of a plant]. 1. A buck or he-goat. 2. The
tendril of a plant.

Capric Acid {kap'-rik as' -id). See Acid.

Caprification {kap-rif-ik-a' ;Aun) [caprificus, the wild-
fig tree]. In biology, the process of hastening ferti-
lization and ripening of cultivated figs by the introduc-
tion of gall-insects, by hanging a branch of the wild
fig in the tree, or planting a wild fig in the midst of
the fig orchard.

Caprify {kap'-rif-i) [caprificus, the wild-fig tree]. To
fertilize by means of Caprification, q. v.

CAPRILOQl II M

260

« ARANNA

Capriloquium

s
Caprin oal ] An oily ai

.
Caproic Acid
Caprolactonc
milk], '

i with water. It i- a

Capronc i proic

1 in butter, and form-

Caproylamni . amin\,

lamin. oe found in the putre-

Caprylic Aci .! \cid.

Capsella a box]. The

. common in tem-
ellent hemo-
irbutic, and is slightly stimulant and
iit. Unof. C. bursa pastoris. See S

Capsicin The active print

It is a thick, yellowish-red sub-
at ordinary temperatures, but
rv limpid if warmed. See Capsicum.
Capsicoi [ - am; oleum, oil]. Aredoil

e from the oleo-resin of capsicum.

Capsicum um) [capsa,a box; gen., CapsiciJ.

r. The fruit of C. itum, nati\e

to l Africa and America. Its odorand hot taste

are due itile oil, capsicin, C9Hu02, which is

irritant to the skin and mucous membranes, internally,

it i- 'lie, diuretic and aphrodisiac. It

il in atonic dyspepsia, flatulent colic, and in in-

mittent fever. C, emplastrum, prepared from

the a and resin plaster. C, Ext. Fid. Dose

n\,v~3J. C linimentum, I in 10, for chest affec-

i tism, etc. C, Oleoresin, Ethereal.

n\j-v. C, Tinct., contains 5 per cent, of

tm. I lose n\,x- ~ j.

Capsitis Same as Capsulitis.^

Capsula . i small box]. The in-

of the brain; it is the thick layer of

<:n the caudatum and thalamus mesad and

icula laterad ; it is continuous with the crura

cpansion is called the corona.

Capsular <//■ u-lar) [capsula, a small box]. Pertain-

5ule. C. Artery, the middle suprarenal

art' r, Table of. C. Ligament, the

sac or membranous bag that surrounds every movable

it or articulation. It contains the synovial fluid.

C. Vein, the supra- renal vein. See Vein.

Capsule il) [dim. of capsa, a chest]. A tunic

a part of the body or an organ.

tit of a part or organ, as a de-

his vessel, the egg-<

of a radiolarian. Al , a small,

d of glycerin and gelat n,

I together like a box and

for the administration of nauseous

C, Bonnet's, the posterior

ill. C, Bowman's.

C, External, a layer of

und-

ular nucleus. C. -filler, a contrivance

1 funnel, tube and plunger, or other

for introducing medicines into capsules.

C. of Glisson, I ■ ■:. ,r membram envel-

C, Internal, a layei ol
and on the inner side- of the
tic thalam audate nucleus, which it separ

from the lenticular nucleus, and containing the con-
tinuation upward of the crus cerebri. C. of the
Lens, a transparent, structureless membrane en< losing
the lens of the eye. C, Malpighian, the comment 1
ment of the uriniferous tubules. x< e Malpighian
C, Suprarenal, the ductless glandular bodj
at the apex of each kidney. C. of Tenon, the
tunica vaginalis of the eye.

Capsuliferous {kap-sul-if -er-us) [capsula a little box ;
. to bear]. In biology, producing capsule-.

Capsulitis [kap-su-lV '-lis) [capsula, a small box;
inflammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of the
lens, or oi the fibrous capsule ol the eyeball.

Capsulo-ciliary [kap-su-lo-sil' -e-a-re) [capsula, a little
box; cilium, an eyelid]. Relating to the capsule of

the lens and to the cili.m organ.

Capsulogenous {kap-sul-of '-en-us) [capsula, a little box;
gena, born]. Capsule-producing, as the cocoon or
capsule-glands of the earthworm.

Capsulo-lenticular ( kap-su-lo-len-tik' -u-lar) [capsula.
a little box ; lenticula, a lentil]. Relating to the lens
and to its capsule.

Capsulo-pupillary [kap-su-lo-pu' '-pil-a-re) [capsula, a
little box ; pupilla, the pupil of the eye]. Relating to
the capsule of the lens and to the pupil.

Capsulotome \kap/ -su-lo-toni). See Cystotome.

Capsulotomy [kap-su-lof -o-nie) [capsula, a capsule;
TCfivuv, to cut]. The operation of rupturing tie
capsule of the crystalline lens in cataract-opera t ion -

Captage [cap-tahj) [IT.]. The nica-un - to 1„ applied
to a natural spring of water, to secure the entire pro
duct of the spring, and the purity of the water, by the
prevention of any admixture of deleterious or foreign
matter.

Captation {kap-ta' -shun) [raptare, to desire]. The first
or opening stage ot the hypnotic trance.

Capucin Madder (kap/-u-. in madf-er). See Pigments,
Co us pectus of.

Capuron, Cardinal Points of. See Peh

Caput [kap'-ui) [L.]. 1. The head; also the chief
part or beginning of an organ. 2. The cephalic or
precornual portion of the caudatum of the prosen-
cephal. C. coli, the head of the colon. C. cornu
posterioris. Same as C. gelatinosum. C. gallina-
ginis. See Verumontanum. C. gelatinosum, the
name given to the translucent gray matter covering the
dorso mesal periphery of the dorsal horn of the spinal
cord. It is a nervous substance composed of numerous
closely crowded nerve-elements, with an intricate
intervening plexus of verj fine nerve-fibrils, derived
from the dorsal (posterior or " sensory") nerve-roots.
C. medusae. See Medusa, Caput. C. obstipum.
Synonym of Wry-neck. C. quadratum, the rectan
gularhead of rickets, flattened upon the top and at the
sides, with projecting occiput and prominent frontal
bosses. C. succedaneum, a tumor composed of a
sero-sanguineous infiltration <>t the connective ti
situated upon the pr< senting part ol the fetus.

Caraboid (kar'-ab-oiJ) ' . a carabus ;

form]. In biology, the second larval stage of certain
insei ts.

Carajura {kar-ah-ju'-rah) [Brazil]. Same as Chica
Red.

Caramania Gum. See Bassora Cum.

Caramel <n-el) [Fr., burnt sugar]. Cane-sugar

deprived of two molecules of water. It is a viscid,
brow n . oli Med liquid.

Caranna [kar-anf-ak) [Sp., caraHa\ An aromatic oleo-
resin produced by the tree Protium carana, of trop
ical America; it was formerly used in plasters: also
a name for similar gummy resin- from Idea a/tissima,
Bursera acuminata, etc., all tropical American trees.

CAR \I'A

261

CARBl )IIVIjR.\ I E

Carapa [kar^-ap-ah) [caraipi, a native Guiana name].
A genus of tropical meliaceous trees. C. gui-
anensis has an antispasmodic and febrifuge bark,
and its seeds afford carapa oil, a protective against
insects and vermin. C. touloucouna, of W. Africa,
and C. indica, of Asia, have .similar properties.
In,,!.

Carate (kah-rah'-te) [S. America], i. A skin-di
local in tropica] America, marked by blue, brown,
scarlet, or rosy patches on the skin; it is usually
, onfined t,> persons not of the white race. 2. A kind
of camphor produced in S. America from the plant
Momordica charantia.

Carauna {kar-aw' -nah). See Caranna.

Caraway [kar'-ah-wa). See Carum.

Carbacidometer [karb-as-id-om- '-et-er) [carbo, a coal;
acidum, acid; ufroov, a measure]. A form of air-
tester for estimating the amount of carbonic acid gas
in the atmosphere of a room or compartment.

Carbamic Acid [kar-bam'-ik as/-id). See Acid.

Carbamid (kar^-bam-id, or -mid) [carbo, a coal; amid"],
»'ll,\.,<». L'rea. Amid of carboxyl. It is prepared
from urine, and crystallizes in long, rhombic prisms or
needles that have a cooling taste. It is soluble in one
part of cold water and in live parts of alcohol, but

almost insoluble

ether ; it melts at 132° ; at a

higher temperature it decomposes into ammonia,
ammelid, biuret, and cyanuric acid; it is found in
urine ami in various animal fluids.

Carbanil (kar'-ban-il) [carbo, acoal ; anilin], C7H5NO.
Phenyl isocyanate; a compound produced in the
distillation of oxanilid. It is a mobile liquid,
boiling at 1630, and has a pungent odor, provoking
tears.

Carbanilamid {kar-ban-il'-am-id) [carbo, a coal; ani-
iiu ; amid'], C-H8N2. Phenylurca ; prepared by
evaporating the aqueous solution of anilin hydrochlo-
rid and potassium isocyanid. It forms needles easily
soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether, and melting

at I44-I45°-
Carbanilid [kar-ban' '-il-id) [carbo, coal; ani/in~\,
C13H,2N20. Diphenyl urea; a compound formed by
the action of phosgene gas on anilin, or by heating
carbanilamid with anilin to 1900. It consists of silky

needles, easily soluble in alcohol and ether, but
llingly soluble in water, and melts at 2350.

Carbasus [kar'-bcu nl. G;,

thin muslin used in surgery. C. carbolata (N. F.),
carbolized gauze. C. iodoformata (N. F.), iodo
l,,i in gauze.

Carbazol [kar1 -baz-ol) [carbo, coal; azotum, nitrogen],
ll,,\. Diphenylimid ; a body produced when the
vapors ol anilin are conducted through a tube heated
to redness. It is a by product in the manufacture ,,1
anilin. [t dissolves in hot alcohol, ether, and benzene,
and crystallizes in colorless leaflets that melt at 2380.

Carbazotate (kar-baz-o* -tat") [carbo, a coal; azotum,
nitrogen], ."same as Picrate.

Carbazotic Acid \kar-baz-ot' '-ik). See Picric Arid.

Carbo [kar'-bo") [I..]. A coal; charcoal. C. ani-
malis, animal charcoal ; bone-black ; it i- used in
pharmacy and in manufacturing chemistry largely as a
decolori/ing-agent and as a tiller. C. animalis puri-
ficatus, purified animal charcoal. C. Hgni, wi
charcoal; an absorbent, disinfectant, and deodorizer,
used in poulticing wounds and dressing ulcers. Given
powdered, in capsules, it relieves Lja-tric irritation.

Carbohydrate {kar-bo-/nv-drdt) [carbo, coal ; i
water]. An organic substance containing six carbon
atoms or some multiple of six, and hydrogen and
oxygen in the proportion in which the) form water;
that is, twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atom-.
The carbohydrates form a large group of interesting
organic compounds, and may be arranged into three
groups : the glucoses {inonoses) ; the disaccharids , or
sugars; and the polysaccharids. The glucoses are the
aldehvd derivatives or ketone-derivatives of the hexa-
hydric alcohols, into which they may be converted
by the absorption of two hydrogen atoms. They
are mostly crystalline substances, very soluble in
water, but dissolving with difficulty in alcohol. They
possess a sweet taste The disaccharids and poly-
saccharids are ethereal anhydrids of the glucoses.
All of them may be converted into the glucoses
by hydrolytic decomposition. The disaccharids are
ether-like anhydrids of the hexoses. A Table of
Carbohydrates is added. C, Test for. See Tests,
Table of.

SERIES OF THE CARBOHYDRATES.

1. GLUCOSES.

Name.

Formula.

Fermentation

Optic Activity.

Reducing Power.

Monoses.

C3H603

Erythrose,

C4H,*G\i

... ...

Pentoses.

C5H10O5

Unfermentable.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

C5H10O5

l'n fermentable.

. . .

Reduces Fehling's solution.

C6H1205

I'nfermentable.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

11 \ oses.

CgHioOg

Fermented by yeast.

Kxists in three tonus :

1, dextro-rotatory ;

2, levo-rotatory ; 3,
inactive.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

Glucose, ...

( ,.HioOe

Fermented by yeast.

Exists in three forms :
1, dextro- rotatory ;
.•. levo-rotatory; 3,
inactive.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

* HioOr

Fermented by yeast.

Dextro-rotatory.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

Fructose,

L ,,Hi.jO(5

Fermented by yeast.

Levo-rotatary.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

CARB< ■IIVI»K.\ 1 1

■2(i-2

( ARBl »ll\ DRATE

SE] i 1 III ' VRBi 'UN DRAT] S.— Continued.

i. GLUCOSES.

C H

Mi N 1 A 1 l"N.

Opth Ac rivi i i .

Redi i inc Power.

1 ' n i . i ni e n tab) e by

LSt.

U n fe r in e n tabl e by
ast.

• ■ •

Reduces F« hling's solution.

M

C,H

U ii fer me nt able bj
ist.

• • ■

• • ■

C,H

Unfei in e n i .i b I e bj

ist.

• • ■

. -

CgH

( .HjcOg

1" ii fe i in en tabl e bj

\ i ast.

U n f e r ni e n t a b 1 e by

yeast.

- • ■

. .

• • •

• • •

. . .

"lsOg

Fermented by yeast.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

2. DISACCHARIDS.

' "ane-Su-

CuHaOu

r ii ferm entable by

yeast.

Dextro-rotatory.

Does not reduce Fehling's solution.

- .a

CioH-bOh + H20

Fermented by yeast.

tro-rotatory.

Reduces Fehling's solution on
boiling.

CisH^On + HoO

Fermented bj j east.

Dextro-rotatory.

Reduces Fehling's solution.

se (Trehalose

jHjO

Fermented by yeast.

Dextro-rotatorv.

Does not reduce Fehling's solution

CjjI I

. . •

Melitose (Raffinose),

itose,

3. TRISACCHARIDS.

C18H30O16 + 5H^( • Fermented by yeast.

C)8HwOio-r 2H2O

Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solution.

Dextro-rotatory.

4. POLYSACCHARIDS.

RMULA.

ic Activity.
Dextro-rotatory.

<>ry.

Iodin Reaction.

Reducing Power and Fer-
ment A'l ION.

Stan h (Amylum), . .

1 I ! > > . or
Cajl 1

Blue coloration.

Fermentable.

C.H,0O

1 1 1

1 1 !

Negative.

Dirty blue color.

Yellow color.

Reddish-brown color.

. . .

'

Inul

Inimal

' , 1 '

Dextro-rotatory.
I lextro-rotatory.
Dextro-rotatory.

Fermentable.

....

Does not reduce Fehling's solu-
tion. I'nfermentable.

H."

not reduce Fehling's solu-
tion, l.'nfermentable.

not reduce Fehling's solu-
tion. L'nfermentablc.

Cellulose. .

I lextro-rotatory.

Blue color

• •

fAKIIMllYhkA I l RIA

263

CARCINI 'MA

Carbohydraturia [kar-bo-hi-drat-u' -n ah) [carbohy-
drate ; ovpov, urine]. The | of an abnormally

large proportion of carbohydrates in the tu

Carbolic [kar-bol' '-ih) [carbo, a coal; oleum, oil].
Containing or derived from coal-tar oil. C. Acid.
Src .-Icid, ■ Carbolic. C. Mask, Curschmann's res-
pirator for use in fetid bronchitis. It 1- fastened
in front of the nose and mouth, and contains cotton
in a special receptacle, impregnated with carbolic acid,
equal parts of carbolic acid and alcohol, turpentine,
creasote, etc.

Carbolism (kar'-bol-izm) [carbo, a coal ; oleum, oil].
Carbolic-acid poisoning : a diseased state induced by
the misuse or maladministration of carbolic acid.

Carbolize [kar/ -bol-tz) [carbo, a coal; oleum, oil]. To
impregnate with carbolic acid. To render aseptic or
antiseptic by the use of carbolic acid.

Carboluria {kar-bol-u'-re-ah} [carbo, a coal; oleum,
oil ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of carbolic acid in
the urine, producing a dark discoloration, it is one
of the signs of carbolic-acid poisoning.

Carbon (kar'-bon) [carbo, charcoal]. Charcoal. C =
12; quantivalence n, iv. A non-metal occurring in
the various forms of diamond, graphite or " black
lead," and charcoal. In medicine only the last
named form is employed, which may be, — C, Animal,
useful as a deodorant and disinfectant, as it readily
absorbs and aids in oxidizing many gases. It is used
internally to absorb fermenting products of digestion.
Carbo animal., purificat., purified animal charcoal.
I lose gr. xx- 3 j. C. Cataplasma (B. P.), charcoal
poultice; wood-charcoal I, bread-crumb I, linseed
.meal 3, boiling water 20. C. dioxid, the acid, gas-
eous product, having the composition of C02, com-
monly known as " carbonic acid gas," or carbonic
acid. It is a colorless gas having a sp. gr. of 1. 52,
soluble in cold water, and possessing a pungent smell
and an acid taste. Inhaled, it destroys animal life by
asphyxiation. In solution, it is an excellent refrigerant
and stomachic. Its inhalation is fatal in a short time,
even when diluted with 95 parts of air. It is a pro-
duct of respiration. It is used in medicine for inhala-
tion in whooping cough, asthma, and to stop hiccough.
It is also used as a local anesthetic in minor surgery.
C. disulphid, bisulphid of carbon, CS2, a colorless,
transparent liquid of offensive odor, highly inflamma-
ble, very poisonous. A good solvent for caoutchouc.
A diluted spray of it is recommended in diphtheria.
Dose tr^ss-j. Carbo ligni, wood charcoal. C. mon-
oxid, CO, carbonic oxid, a colorless, tasteless, and
inodorous gas, one of the products of imperfect com-
bustion. When inhaled it is actively poisonous. C.
tetrachlorid, CC14, anesthetic, recommended locally
for asthma, by inhalation. Unof. See Anesthetic.
C. oxysulphid, a body, COS, formed by conducting
sulphur vapor and carbon monoxid through red-hot
tubes ; it is a colorless gas, with a faint and peculiar
odor. It unites readily with air, forming an explosive
mixture. It is soluble in an equal volume of water.
It is present in the waters of some mineral springs.

Carbonaphtholic Acid (kar-bon-af-thol'-ik ). See
. / id alpha-oxynaphthoic.

Carbonemia {kar-bon-e' -me-ah) [carbon, charcoal;
aiun, the blood]. A word denoting the accumulation
of carbon dioxid in the blood.

Carbonic Acid (kar-bon'-ik as'-id). See Carbon di-
oxid.

Carbonis detergens. Liquor. See Fix.

Carbonization [kar-bon-iz-af 'shun) [carbo, coal]. The
process of decomposing organic substances by heat
without air, until the volatile products are driven off
and the carbon remains.

Carbonyl [karf -bon-il ) [carbo, charcoal]. A

thetic organic radical having tin- formula ' I 1.
Carbostyril [har-bo-stir'-il ) [carbo, charcoal; styrax,
storax], CgH7NO. Oxyquinolin; a compound pn
pared by digesting quinolin with a bleai hing-lime solu
don. It crystallizes from hot water in fine needles, and
from alcohol in large prisms, that mell at 198-199°.
Carboxyl (kar'-boks-il) [carbo, charcoal; '<_<• , -harp].
The atomic group, CO.OH, characteristic of the
organic acids. The hydrogen of this can be replaced
by metals, l' inning salts.
Carbuncle, or Carbunculus [karf-bung-kel, or kar-
bung/ -ku-lus) [carbo, a live coal]. A hard, circum-
scribed, deep-seated, painful inflammation of tin- sub-
cutaneous tissue, accompanied by chill, fever, and
constitutional disturbance. It differs from a boil in
having greater size, a ilat top, and several points of
suppuration. It i> erroneously called anthrax.
Carbuncular (/tar-bung* -ku-lar) [carbo, a live coal].
Pertaining to a carbuncle. C. Disease. See An-
thracosis.
Carbunculo contagioso. Synonym of Anthrax.
Carbyl (kar'-bil) [carbo, charcoal ; bTuj, matter]. A
name given by Magnus to the hydrocarbon ethylene
when it acts as a basic radical.
Carbylamin [kar-bil' -am-in) [carbo, charcoal ; aminl.
I. A name for hydrocyanic acid. 2. One of a series
of compounds parallel to, and isomeric with, the
nitrites, characterized by their ready decomposition by
dilute acids into formic acid and amins. They are
colorless liquids that can be distilled, and possess an
exceedingly disgusting odor. They are sparingly
soluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol and
ether.
Carcassonne's Ligament. See Ligament.
Carcerule (kar'-ser-ool ) [career, a prison]. In biology,

a many-celled, many-seeded, indehiscent pericarp.
Qaxchaiio<lor\\.(kar-l:ar'-o-dont)[K/'if)xapoc, sharp, jagged;
bUovc, tooth]. In biology, having compressed, tren-
chant, acute, pointed teeth, as sharks and snakes.
Carcinoid 1 kar' ' -sin-oid ') [itapidvoq, a crab ; eldoc-, shape].

In biology, crab-like.
Carcinology (kar-sin-ol'-o-je) [icapidvoq, a crab; Xbysiv,
to speak]. The systematized knowledge of crusta-
ceans, or crabs, etc., a department of zoology.
Carcinoma \kar-sin-o' -mali) [Kapnivuna; Kapnivog, a
crab, thus called from the appearance of the veins].
A malignant tumor, characterized by a network of
connective tissue whose areolae are filled with cell-
masses resembling epithelial cells. See '/'//mors,
Table of. C, Chimney-Sweepers'. See Epithe-
lioma. C, colloid (Alveolar), affects chiefly the
alimentary canal, uterus, peritoneum, etc.; the deli-
cate connective-tissue stroma is filled with colloid
matter in alveoli, or cysts. C. cutis, cancer of the
skin. See Epithelioma. C, desmoid. See Hodg-
kin's Disease. C, encephaloid, is of rapid growth.
with a small amount of stroma, large alveoli, and
greater amount of cells and blood-vessels. Hematoid
(bloody), Osteoid (in bones), Villous (papillary), etc.,
are other varieties, encephaloid in character. C.
epitheliomatous, or squamous-celled, the cells
resemble squamous epithelium, and they invade the
adjacent tissue in a columnar manner. C. lenticulare,
the most common form of cutaneous scirrhus. It
begins as small, shot-sized, flattish. red papules, that
enlarge to the size of a pea, bean, or filbert, most of
them projecting above the surface, while others are
subcutaneous. They are generally seated on a red
or violaceous surface, and the^e coalesce into large
irregular masses that -ooner or later break down,
ulcerate, and fungate, sometimes bleeding profusely.

< AR< IN' »M \ 1

264

< ARDIO< ELE

The patienl C, Hpomat-

Ou> C, medullary.

C. melanodes. similar

n or

C,

melanotic. C,

scirrhous. I ist ;

it : s'i'li

C tuberosum, a rarer form
which the nodi

The

laustion at upon

C. Stiles's Test for ;

ent. solution

i roinuti then in cold

I he carcinomatous tissue

the normal tissue translucent.

Carcinomatous . a crab].

ireinoma.
Carcinomorphic crab;

. form] . In bi rab.

Carcinophagous a crab ;

• rabs and other crus-

Carcinos:- rah]. I. A can-

to the development
A form of cancer, usually
rally in the uterus or tin- stomach
ritoneum. C, Acute, rapidly
C Miliary, carcinosis ir. minute

Carcinus [ . crab]. Same as C'a/i-

■t<i.

Cardamom - Cardamotnum.

Cardamomum iar-dam-o/ -mum) [L. ; Qen. Carda-

im. The fruit of Elettaria repens, cul-

tn Malabar. It- properties arc due to a volatile

It i- an aromatic, carminative stomachic.

ral " bitters." Itis useful

wh ined with purgatives to prevent griping.

C infusum. In isists of cardamom zj,

•'2- Dose a wineglassful. C, Tinct., io pei

strength. Dose .^j-ij- C, Tinct. Comp.,

jo, cinnamon 20, caraway io, cochineal 5,

1 60, dilute alcohol, a. s. ad 1000 parts. Dose

Carden's Operations. See Operations, Table of.
Cardia . the- heart]. The heart.

C. of the Stomach, the 1 al orifice of the

Cardiac [xapfiia, the heart]. Pertaining to

C. Aspect, thai the heart. C.

Cycle.

C. Dropsy.
C. Dulness, t

n 1 iv
C. Dysp-
nea C.
Epilepsy,

in in

tiin

mn

C.
Ganglia, lie in I

'r ■ ■ ; '. hoWS the
HI ill the

hows

■uihIs

•its.

Facies. C.

-the

principal are Remak's and Bidder's, the first on
the surface of the sinus venosus, and the latter (two)
at the auriculo-ventricular groove. See iian

C. Impulse, the elevation caused by the
movement ol the heart, usually seen in the tilth left
intercostal space. C. Murmurs. See Murmurs. C.
Orifice, of the stomach, the esophageal orifice. C.
Passion, pain in the heart, or the stomach. C.
Plexus. See ■ C. Rhythm, the term given

to the normal regularity in the tone and volume ol
the individual heart-beats. In oi cardiac in-

sufficiency this regularity i- disturbed to a greater or
less degree, as is also the interval between the beats,
and thi- condition has been tinned arrhythmia. The
name allorrhythmia has been applied to various per-
versions ol rhythm. These abnormal conditions .in-
due very probablyto some derangement of the intrinsic
nerve-apparatus of the heart, and are considered as un-
irable indications.

Cardiagra [kar-de-af -grah\ [icapdia, heart ; oypa, seiz-
ure]. Gouty attack of the heart.

Cardialgia (kar-de-al'-je-ati) [icapdia, heart; <;/;<»,
pain], A term loosely used as a synonym of gastro
dynia in general, heartburn, and stomachic pains on the
side.

Cardiamorphia (kar-de-am-or^-fe-ah) \_Kap6ia, heart;
a priv. ; fiopQ//, form]. Deformity or malformation ol
the heart.

Cardianastrophe [kar-de-an-as' -tro-fe) [i.a/xJm, heart;
hvaorpotyfi, a turning back]. Displacement oi the
heart to the right side of the ch<

Cardianeuria [kar-de-ah-nu'-re-ah) \mpSia, heart ; a
priv. ; 1:1, nil. a nerve]. Lack of nerve-stimulus
the heart.

Cardiant [kar' -de-ant) \mp8ia, the heart], I. Affect-
ing the heart. 2. A remedy that affects the heart.

Cardiarctia ikar-de-ark' -te-ah) \_napSia, heart ; aretus,
hound]. Cardiac stenosis.

Cardiasthma {kar-de-az' '-man) \_nap8la, heart; acBpa,
asthma]. Dyspnea or so-called asthma due to heart-
ase.

Cardiatelia {kar-de-ak-te' -le-ah). See Atelocardia.

Cardiatrophia [kar-de-at-ro-' '-fe-ak) \Kap6ia, heart;
"Ki, wasting]. Atrophy of the heart.

Cardiauxe {kar-de-awksf-e) [napdia, heart; av^T}, ra-
ise]. Enlargement of the heart.

Cardicentesis {kar-de-sen-tef-sis\. See Cardiocentesis.

Cardiechema (kar-de-ek-e'-mak) [napdia, heart ; 15 1 ////«,
sound : pi., Cardiechemata\ A sound produced in or
by the heart.

Cardiectasis {kar-de-ek'-tas-is) \jaip6la, heart ; inmate;,
a stretching out]. Dilatation of the heart.

Cardielcosis [kar-de-el-ko/ -sis) \jaipSia, heart; ehi
ulceration]. Ulceration of the hi

Cardiemphraxia {kar-de-em-fraks' '-e-ah) \mp6la, heart;
„;-/<■, obstruction]. < >bstruction to the hlood-cur-
in the heart.

Cardieurysma {kar-de-u-riz' -maK) [mpdia, heart ;
wide], 1 limitation of the heart,

Cardiform {kar* -dif-orm) [cardus, a card; forma.
shape]. In biology, having the teeth set as in
1 id.

Cardinal 1 kar' -din-al) [cardo,& hinge], A chief or
principal part. C. Flower, a common name for sev-
lia, chiefly L. cardinalis. C.
Points. See Eye, Diagrammatic. C. Points of
Capuron. is. C. Veins, the venous trunks

which, in the embryonic stage, form tin- primitive jugu-
lar veins.

Cardiocele \L-ar' ■ a, heart ; K^hj, tumor].

Hernial protrusion of the heart, chiefly through the
diaphragm.

CARDK »CENTESIS

265

CARK I lL( (GIST

Cardiocentesis {kar-de-o n [icapdia, heart;

Kevrqoig, puncture]. Surgical puncture and aspiration

of one iif the chambers ol the heart.
Cardioclasia [kar-di o-kla* ze-ah) [icapdia, heart;

u/nnir, rupture]. Rupture of the heart
Cardiocrystallus (ka ■/' us) [icapdia, heart;

hjnrrti'//i«;, crystal: pi., Cardiocrystalli\. A heart

crystal ; amii roscopic white crystal sometimes In mid in

the tissues of the heart.
C;irdiodemia \kar-de-o-de1 -mi . heart ; i

fat]. Fatty heart; fatty degeneration of the heart.
Cardiodynia [kar-de-o-din'-e-ah) i . heart; 61

pain]. Pain in or about the heart.
Cardiogmus {kar-de-og' -mus) [icapdia, heart; 5]

a furrow]. Angina pectoris; cardialgia; palpitation;

aneurysm of a vessel near the heart ; exophthalmic

goiter. C. strumosus. Synonym of Exophthalmic

Goiter.
Cardiogram {karf -de-o-gram) [icapdia, heart ; ypduua,

a writing]. The tracing made of the cardiac impulse

by the cardiograph. See, also, Heart.
Cardiograph {kar/-de-

O-graf) [icapdia , heart ;

ypaipEiv, to write]. An

instrument for regis-
tering graphically the

modifications of the

pulsations of the

heart.
Cardiography (kar-

de-o-graf' -ik)\icapdia,

the heart; ip&Qeiv, to

write] . Pertaining to

or recorded by the

cardiograph.
Cardiography [kar-de-

ogf-ra-fe) [icapdia, the

Cardiograph of v.

t. Exit tube. e. Spring.

(Landois.)

Knoll.
p. Button.

heart; ypdfsiv, to write]. I. The use of the cardio-
graph. 2. A description of the anatomy of the heart.

Cardiohemothrombus [kar-de-o-hem-o-throm'-biis)
[icapdia, heart; aiiia, blood; Opopjiuatg, a becoming
curdled]. Heart-clot.

Cardio-inhibitory {kar-de-o-in-hW -it-o-re) [icapdia, the
heart; inhibere, to restrain]. Pertaining to the dim-
inution of the heart's action. C.-i. Center, located in
the medulla. C.-i. Nerves, the libers of the spinal
accessory supplied to the vagus.

Cardiolith [kar'-de-o-lith) [icapdia, heart ; ?.it)oc, a stone].
A cardiac concretion.

Cardiology [kar-de-o/' '-o-j'e) [icapdia, heart; soyoq, dis-
course]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology
of the heart.

Cardiomalacia [kar-de-o-mal-af -se-ah\ [icapdia, heart ;
paAaKia, softness]. Morbid softening of the substance
of the heart.

Cardiomegalia [kar-de-o-meg-a' -le-aK) [icapdia, heart ;
ptyag, large]. Cardiac enlargement.

Cardiometer (kar-de-om'-et-er) [icapdia, heart ; pkrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for estimating the force
of the heart's action.

Cardiometry (kar-de-om'-et-re) [napdia, the heart;
//. rpov, a measure]. The estimation of the size and
dimensions of the heart (as by means of auscultation
and percussion).

Cardiopalmus [kar-de-o-pal' -mus) [icapdia, heart;
-ii/iiiii-. palpitation]. Palpitation of the heart.

Cardiopathy [kar-de-op' -a-the) [icapdia, heart ; ~ddog,
disease]. Any disease of the heart.

Cardiopericarditis | kar-de-o-per-e-kar-di' -tis ) [napdia,
heart ; Kepi, around ; icapdia, the heart ; itic, inflam-
mation]. Carditis and pericarditis together; inflam-
mation of the heart-tissues and of the pericardium.

Cardioplegia o-ple* '-je-ak) [icapdia, heart ; n

a stroke]. Paralysis of the heart.

Cardio-pneumatic nu-mat'-ik) [icap

heart; rvevpa, the breath]. Pertaining to the heart
and the breath. C.-p. Movements. Thosi
ments of the air in the Im 1 by the

pulsations oi the he irl ind Larger

Cardio-pneumograph [kar-de-o-nu' -n

heart ; breath ; . to write]. An in-

strument designed for graphically recording cardio-
pneumatic movements.

Cardiopuncture [kar-de-o-punk' '-chur) [icapdia, heart;
punctura, a puncture], i. Cardiocentesis. 2. Any
surgical or vivisei tional puncture of the heart.

Cardiopyloric (ka) Ik) [icapdia, heart;

irvfajpdg, a gate-Keeper]. Referring to both the cardiac
and pyloric portions ol the stomach.

Cardiorrhexis {kar-de-o-reks' -is) [napdia, heart ; .
rupture]. Rupture- of the heart.

Cardiosclerosis (kar-de-o-skle-ro'-s'is) [napdia, heart;
<7k'/ i/jHjcir, to harden]. Induration of the tissues of
the heart. Si i I id H art.

Cardioscope (kar'-dc-o-skop) [napdia , heart ; I

to view]. An instrument for the observation of the
movements or of lesions of the heart.

Cardiostenosis (kar-de-o-ste-no1 -sis) [icapdia, heart ;
OTtvunic, narrowing]. Constriction of the b
especially of the conns arteriosus ; also the develop-
ment of such a constriction.

Cardio-thyroid Exophthalmos [kar' -de-o-thi-roid eks-
off-thai* -mos). Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiter.

Cardiotomy i ,kar-de-ot'-o-mc) [icapdia, heart ; TopJj, cut-
ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the heart.

Cardioiopography (har-de-o-to-pog'-i-a-fej^apdia, heart;
r6irog, place ; ypaipeiv, to write]. The topography or
topographic anatomy of the heart and the cardiac area.

Cardiotoxic [kar-de-o-toks' '-ik) [icapdia, heart ; to%uc6v,
poison]. Having a poisonous effect upon or through
the heart.

Cardiotrauma [kar-de-o-trawf -mah) [icapdia, heart ;
Tpavua, a wound]. Traumatism or wound of the
heart.

Cardiotromus [kar-de-of '-ro-mus) [napdia, heart ; rpo-
pog, a quivering]. A fluttering or slight palpitation of
the heart.

Cardiovascular i kar-de-o-vasf -ku-lar) [napdia, heart ;
vasculum, a small vessel]. Both cardiac and vascular;
pertaining to the blood-vessels of the heart.

Carditic [kar-dit' -ik) [icapdia, the heart; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Relating to or affected with carditis.

Carditis {kar-di' -tis) [icapdia, the heart ; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the heart. C, Internal.
Synonym of Endocarditis.

Cardo [kar'-do) [cardo, a hinge]. In biology, a hinge-
joint, as that of a bivalve shell or the maxilla of an
insei i

Cardol {kar'-dol). Se Anacardium.

Carduus (kar^-du-us) [L., a thistle]. The seeds of C.
Tnarianits, St. Mary's thistle, and C. benedictus, blessi d
thistle. A decoction of the former, ^ ij ad Oj, con-
stitutes an old and popular remedy for hemoptysis.
The latter is also a popular cure-all, used mainly as a
tonic bitter. Dose of decoction Ijj— 5ss; of a tinc-
ture, tTLx-xx.

Carferal [kar1 '-fer-al) [carbon, charcoal ; ferrum, iron;
aluminum .] A proprietary combination of carbon,
iron oxid, and clay; it is used as a filtering material
for water.

Carica Papaya [kar'-ik-ah pap-a'-yak). See Papain.

Caricin [kar'-is-in). See Papain.

Caricolog-ist [kar-ik-ol'-o-iist) [carex, sedge; Tiiyuv,
to speak]. A student of sedges.

( ARN I 'I -

266

< ARPAGRA

Caricous i fig] Fig-shaped, as

Carics. A chronic in

unmation with rarefaction ption ol

nit ition ;
molecular with th< mpanying

C. fungosa, tul of

strum, the m< I the

lad ng into them

C, necrotic,
whi n a suppurating cavity.

C. sice. i baracterized by

tion of the cavit) oi
th, ic atrophy of the

C. of Spine, or Pott's

Diseas-. of the ( and

inti ducing curvature oi

C. of Teeth. a chemical decomposition

irtion "f a tooth, accom-

mplete disorganization of the

ted part.

Carina . the keel]. In biology,

structures ; as the breast-bone
-. • m< dian pieci to the carapace of a

Carinate [carinatus, keel-shaped]. Keeled.

Carinated Abdomen {kar* -in-a-ted ab'-do-meri). See

Cariniform [kar-in' '-if-orm) [carina* keel; forma,
In biology, applied to the keel-like fins of
d to other structure-.
Carino-lateral (kar-in-o-laCer-al) [carina, a keel;
• . side]. Placed at the side of the carina of an
animal.
Carn A poisonous active principle ob-

tainable from parsley. It resembles apiol in its
phj effei ts, but produces a peculiar uterine vas-

l -tion ; it is useful in genito-spinal atony.
I fl

Carious > [cart, , rottenness]. Pertaining to

with caries. C. Teeth, Effects of;

th may occasion facial neuralgia, facial

pai iatica, hemiplegia and spinal irritation,

pai tnus, headache, epilepsy, hysteria,

nity, etc.

Carissa [I-]- A genus of shrubs. C.

schimperi. See Ouabain.
Carius, Method of. A method for the quantitative
termination of ha! The substance, weighed

mall, glass tube, is heated together with
and silver nit from 1500 to

ed tube, and the quantity of the result-
4, r haloid determined.
Carlsbad Water. A famous mineral water used largely
ns of th intestinal tri

■
Carmin \ , oloring matter

C. Naphtha.
C. Red. Same as ( '<?< iineal.
Carminant {kar/-m nen, a charm]. 1.

• r medii ine.
Carminative , ,,. a charm], A

ithing n, for child]

Carminic Acid [kar-min id.

Carminophile to

min.
Carnal |j ] Pertaining to

C Knowledge. [,. 1.

•

without seminal
m.

Carnauba [kar-na-oot -bah ) [Braz. ]. The root of
if era, 9, wax-producing palm-tree of tropi-
cal Anuii. . 1. It i- used in Brazil as an alterative and
resembles sarsaparilla in its properties. Dose of the

lid. e\t. n^wx-^j. Unof. C. Wax, obtained from
the leave- of the camauba-palm, Copemieia eerifera,
of Brazil. Its specific gravity is. 999 and its melting-
point 185 I (84° C). It is brittle and of a yellowish
or. It i- extensivel) used in the manufacture ol

• 1 andles.

Carneous {kar4 '-ne-us) [carneus, of flesh]. Fleshy.
C. Columns. See Columns Can:

Carnification \kar-nif-ik-af -shun) \caro, flesh; fieri,
to become], A term indicating the alteration of tis-
sue to an unnatural, lleshy appearance. Also, the
amyloid degeneration of certain tissues.

Carnin {kar'-nin) \caro, flesh], <'7IL\(<>.. A U-u
komalne isolated from American meat extract . but not
from muscle-tissue itself; also obtained from yeasl
and wine. It crystallizes in white masses composed
ol very small irregular crystals ; it is soluble with great
difficulty in cold, readily soluble in hot water, insolu-
ble in alcohol and in ether. It is not thought to be
very poisonous, but experiments made by Uriicke
show that it causes a fluctuation in the rate of the
heart-beat.

Carnivorous {kar-niv1 -o-rus) \caro, flesh; vorare, to
devour]. In surgery, caustic. escharOtic ; tle-h eating.

Carnochans Operations. See Operations, Table of

Carnose [kar'-nds) \camosus, fleshy]. Resembling
or having the consistence of flesh.

Carnosity [kar-nos'-it-e) [camosus, lleshy]. A fleshy
growth or excrescence.

Carnot's Doctrine. An absurd theory advanced as an
objection to vaccination. It is the doctrine of the
"displacement of mortality." C'arnot claimed that
while certain diseases (small-pox, measles, croup, etc.,)
were decreasing, other diseases (cholera, typhoid
fever, dysentery) were increasing, and that vaccination
was the cause of all the disturbance.

Caro [ka'-rd] [L.]. Flesh: muscular tissue.

Caroba {kar-o'-bah ) [I-]- The leaflets of Jaearanda

procera and of Cybista \ antisyphilitica. It is a popular

Brazilian remedy as an emeto-cathartic alterative, and

tonic in syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the fid. ext.

tri xv- 3 j.' Unof.

Carobin \kar-o'-bin) [earoba~\. An alkaloid said to be
found in the leaves of Jaearanda proeera.

Carolina {kar-o-li' '-nah 1 \Carolus, Charles], A name
given to two Southern Stales of the Union. C. All-
spice. See ( alycanthus. C. Pink. See Spigelta.

Carotic [kar-ot'-ik ) [/edpoi . stupor]. < >f the nature of
1 arus ; stupid ; stupefying.

Carotico-clinoid (kar-of '-ik-o-kW '-void ) \_K<i/»>r, stupor ;
/</irrr, a bed]. Relating to a carotid artery and a
clinoid ] rocess of the sphenoid bone.

Carotico-tympanic {kar-oP '-ik-o-tim-pan' '-ik) [icapm .
stupor; -1 ii-iimr, a drum]. Relating to the carotid
1 and the tympanum.

Carotid [kar-ot'-id) [Kapur'u \ ko uv, to produce

sleep]. 1. The principal (right and left) artery of the
neck. (They were thought to give origin to sleep. 1
• Arteries, Table,: 2 Of oi relating to either of
the two great arteries of the neck, or their principal
branches. See Cana!, Foramen, Ganglion, Plexus, etc.

Carotin (kar' '-o-tin) \carota, carrot], (',. I !.,,(>. An
oily coloring matter found in carrol rool and tomato.
It is a lipot hron

Carpadelium {kar-pad-e* -le-um) [itapirbc, fruit; a<V<ir,
h'>t manifest]. Same as Cremocarp.

Carpagra {karpt -a-grah) \Kapn6c, the wrist; iypa, a
seizure], A sudden attack of pain at the wrist.

CAR PA IX

267

CAR I [LAGE

Carpain (kar-pa' -in) , < ',,1 1.J7N< >,. An alkaloid ex-
tracted from the leaves of Carica papaya, li forms
well-defined, beautiful crystals, with a very hitter
ta>te, and melting at 1150 C. It is recommended for
the subcutaneous treatment of heart-disease. Dose,
grain T'(T to \ subcutaneously, every day, or every
second day.

Carpal [karp'-al) [/copirdc, the wrist]. Pertaining to
the wrist. C. Angle, in biology, the bend ol the
_wing.

Carpale (kar-pa' -le) [icapirdg, the wrist]. Any one of
the wrist-bones.

Carpel [kar'-pel) \Kapir6q, fruit]. In biology, the
ovule producing organ of a plant ; a simple pistil, or
the homologous portion of a compound pistil.

Carpellary {karf -pel-a-re) \jtapir6g, fruit]. Containing,
like, or belonging to a carpel.

Carpen \karp' -en) [icapir6g, the wrist]. Belonging to the
carpus in itself.

Carphologia [kar-fo-lof-je-ah). See Carphology.

Carphology \kar-folf -o-je) [K&pQog, chaff; / ■■ , ■■ v, to
collect]. A symptom in delirious and dying person-,
consisting in picking at the bedclothes. It is generally
looked upon as an unfavorable omen. Floccilatio, or
floccilation, was the term formerly given to this symp-
tom.

Carpobalsamum (kar-po-bal' -sam-nm) [/captor, fruit ;

i<i'/.oauov, balsam]. The fruit of Balsamodendron

(Commiphora) opobahamum, the Mecca balsam-tree;

also a fragrant volatile oil from the same fruit. It is

highly prized in the Orient. Unof.

Carpocace (kar-pok'-as-e) [napTrog, wrist; kukoc,, bad].
A diseased condition of the wrist.

Carpogenic (kar-po-jen' ik) [Kapn6g, fruit; }«v/r, pro-
ducing]. Applied to the fruit-producing cell or sys-
tem of cells in certain algae.

Carpognathite (kar-pog1 '-natk-lt) [napwoc, the wrist ;
yvadog, the jaw]. In biology, the fifth joint of the
gnathopodite or foot-jaw of a crustacean. See Carpos.

Carpogonium {kar-po-gof-ni -111/1) [/cap7r<5c, fruit; yovoq,
producing]. In biology, the unfertilized female
reproductive organ of certain thallophytes.

Carpolith (kar'-po-lith) [KapTroc, fruit; Aidoc, a stone].
I. A hard concretion formed in a fruit. 2. A petrified
fruit.

Carpology (kar-pol'-o-je) [jiapizoc, fruit ; teyeiv, to
speak]. That department of botany that treats of
fruits.

Carpomania (kar-po-ma' -ne-ah) [napTror, fruit ; fiavia,
madness]. In biology, the excessive production of
fruit by trees that are cultivated.

Carpo-metacarpal (kar-po-mel-a-kar' '-pa/) \_Kapir6q,
carpus; fiera, between, among; mp-oc, carpus].
Relating to the carpus and to the metacarpus.

Carpo pedal {kar-po-ped' '-al ) [/capTroc, carpus ; pes, pedis,
a foot]. Affecting the wrists or the hands and feet.
C. Spasm, a spasm of the hands and feet, or of the
thumbs and great toes, associated with the laryngismus
stridulus of children. C. Contractions. See Con-
traction.

Carpophagous [kar-poff^-ag-us) \jcapn6g, fruit ; fyayelv,
to eat]. Applied to fruit-eating animals.

Carpophore (kar'-po-for) \jaapir6g, fruit ; (p£peiv, to
bear]. In biology, the stalk or support of fruits,
corresponding to the receptacle in the flower. Also
an organ, in some thallophytes, that bears spores.

Carpopodite [kar-popf -o-dit) [Kaprzoe, the wrist;

the foot]. In biology, a part of the crustacean limb,
i.e., the fifth joint of the endopodite. See Carpos.

Carpoptosis (kar-pop-to* '-sis) \_nap-6r, wrist ; -ruaig,
a fall]: Wrist-drop.

Carpos (kar'-pos) \_Kap7r6g, wrist]. In biology, the fifth

joint of any crustacean appendagi Bate). The same
as Carpognathite and Carpopoditt (Milne Edwards

Carpospore (kar' -po-spor) \_Knp-ur, fruit ;
In biology, the equivalent of spore.

Carpostome [kar' -po-stbm) \icapTc6q, fruit ; <tt
mouth]. In biology, one ol tin- narrow mouths 01
canals through which spores are discharged from the
1 \ sto( .up "i sporocarp,

Carpotica [kar-pof '-ik-ah) [■ fruit]. Diseases

connei ted with pregnan< y and 1 hildbirth.

Carpozyma (kar-po-zi* -mah) \mpit6g, fruit ; J/////, fer-
meiitj. A genusof fermentative mil rodrganisms. C.
apiculata, a widely-diffused alcoholic ferment found
in all fruits.

Carpue's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Carpus {/carp1' -i/s) \jtapir6g, the wrist]. The eight bones
collectively forming the wrist. See Bon . Table of.

Carr's Method. Nee Treatment, Method

Carrageen, or Carragheen 1 n) [Carragheen in

Ireland]. Irish moss. See Chondrus.

Carragheenin (kar-ag-ln' '-in), < JI,,,' >5. A mucilagin-
ous constituent of carragheen, apparently identical with
pararabin.

Carre's Apparatus. An apparatus for manufacturing
ice by means of the evaporation of ether.

Carriage [kar'-dj). Nee Ward-carriage, Ambulance,
Cacolet.

Carrick Bend (kar'-ik-bend). A form of knot for fasten-
ing together two ligatures. The merit of the knot
consists in the free end being held firmly between the
two long portions.

Carron Oil [karf-on oil). See Linum and Calcium.

Car-sickness [karf -sik-nes). The well-known symp-
toms of sea-sickness produced by journeying in railway
cars.

Carswell's Grapes. Pulmonary tubercle- when they
occur by racemose distribution at the extremities of
several adjacent bronchioles. See Diseases, 'Table of.

Carter's Operation. See Operations, 'Table of. C.
Test. See Tests, Table of.

Carthamin [karth' -am-in) [Ar. . qartama, paint], Cu-
H](i07. The coloring-matter in safflower, the blos-
soms of Carthamus tinctorium. It is precipitated
from its soda solution by acetic acid as a dark-red
powder, which, on drying, acquires a metallic luster.
It dissolves with a beautiful red color in alcohol and
the alkalies. It is used for surface-coloring or dyeing.
See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Carthamus (karth' '-am-us) [Ar. , qartama, paint].
American or bastard saffron or safflower. The flowers
of C. tinctorius. An infusion, " Saffron tea," is a
popular domestic remedy as a diuretic in measles and
other exanthematous affections. Unof.

Cartilage (kar'-til-aj) \cartilago, gristle]. Gristle;
a white, semi-opaque, non-vascular tissue composed
of a matrix containing nucleated cells. When boiled,
cartilage yields a substance called Chondrin, </. v. C,
Articular, that lining the articular surfaces of bones.
C, Bone-, bone that takes its origin from cartilage,
and not from a membrane. C, Costal, that occupy-
ing the interval between the true ribs and the sternum
or adjacent cartilage-.. C, Ensiform, the third piece
of the sternum. It i- also called the xiphoid appendix.
C, Epactal, -mall cartilaginous nodule- on the upper
edge of the alar cartilages of the nose. C, Hyaline,
distinguished by a granular or homogeneous matrix.
C, Fibro-, distinguished by a fibrous matrix. Carti-
lages of Larynx, the cartilages of the larynx take
part in producing the various modulations of the pitch
and intensity of the voice. They are the thyroid,
cricoid, epiglottis, and a pair each of arytenoid, corni-
c/tla laryngis, and cuneiform, </. v. C. of Meckel.

I Ai; 1 ILAGIN

-

< ASCARA

C, Mucronate. the ensiform cartil
C, Nasal, the mework of the n

two upper and
low um.

C, Reticular. mnd in the

am ichian tu

.\ elastic

in all dii C. of

Santorini. .1 nodul ;i arytenoid

C. of Weitbrecht,

ists in the

n. C. of Wrisberg, the

h side oi the fold ol

<■ to

C . Yellow.

Cartilagin artilage]. \

if hyaline cartilage. Boiling
hondrin.
Cartilaginiftcation

. t>. make]. A change into

Cartilaginiform | [cartilago, car-

nn]. Resembling cartilage.
Cartilaginous igo, cartilage;

■ Tin]. Resembling cartilage.
Cartilaginous ilago, cartilage].

M. itilage.

Cartilago rr-t irtilaginis']. Car-

tilage C. triticea, a small, oblong, fibro-cartilaginous
in. i- found in the cla>tic ligament, the thyro-

H- superior cornu of the thyroid
with the- greater cornu of the hyoid bone.
Carum {ka'-runi) [xdpov, caraway]. Caraway. The
ui, indigenous to Europe and an allied
icific coast of America. Its
r and t.i ne to a volatile oil. It is valuable

in infantile colic, but is used chiefly as a flavor. C,
Aqua B P. Dose jfj-ij- C., Infusum, unof,
- z, ij. C. Oleum. Dose mj-v.

Caruncle r» '-.- mcula, dim. ofcaro, flesh].

A -mi'!, abnormal fl -. th. In biology, applied

. protuberances, or excrescences on
ani - the comb of a bird, the fleshy

ilia at tri canthus of the eye, the growths

small masses about the hilum
C, Lachrymal, one upon the con-
canthus. C, Urethral, a
I i isterior li
irinarius ; a frequent condition in women.
m size from a hempseed to a til-
painful, especially during micturition
I bleeds r< adily.
Caruncu'. . [dim. of caro, flesh : />/.,

C. mammillaris, the
n eminence ofgraymatter betw

Carunculae [catuncula, a caruncle].

C. myrtiformes, the pr of

- thought
hymen after its ru]
found in the imperforated hymen.
Caruncular

Car;. thargic sleep.

C. cataleptica C. ecstasis, trance, or

C. lethargu
Carus, Curve or Circle of.
Carvacn

liquid 1 :rrinij in the

oil [t is d on

id. It i- a

till ,tO°

and boils at 2\<<°. It has aver) disagreeable odor and

stron- taste. It has been used : toothache.

Carvene (karv'-tri) [It., carvi, caraway], Cj-H,,,. A
hydrocarbon contained in caraway. It is a li,L;lit ter-
pene . See also ( 'itrene.

Carvol {karv'-ol) [It., carvi, caraway; oleum, oil],
CJ0H.4O. An aromatic alcohol isomeric with car-
vacrol, and obtained from oil of cumin. It is an oil
with a pleasant odor, boiling at 2250 I

Caryoblast (/-./;'-<--<'-M/.v/ ) [/cdpvof , a nucleus; (}h -
a germ]. Any nucleated plastidule.

Caryocinesis [kar-e-o-sin-e' 'sis) [icdpvov, a nut (nu-
cleus) ; t.;r/,nir, movement]. See Karyokinesis.

Caryocinetic [kar-e-o-sin-ef ik\. See Karyokinetic.

Caryolysis (kar-e-ol'-is-is\ \jxapvov, nucleus; >/.-/r, to
loose]. The process of the dissolution of cell-nuclei.

Caryolytic {kar-e-o-HP '-ik) [mpvov, nucleus; /
dissolution]. Pertaining to Caryolysis.

Caryomitosis {kar-e-o-mit-o'-sis). See Karyomitosis.

Caryophyllin (kar-e-o-fil' '-in) [nopvov, a nut; (piv'/uf,
a leaf] < ',,,1 I,,.0 or < ,1 I .' > . Die neutral crystalline
principle of cloves. It occurs in tasteless and odor-
less silky acicular crystals, soluble in warm alcohol and
ether. See Caryophyllus.

Caryophyllus {kar-e-o-fil' '-us) [xapvov, a nut; oi'/'/<<\\
a leaf]. Clove. The unexpanded flowers of Eugenia
caryophyllata, distinguished by their pungent, spicy
taste. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, whii h is
antiseptic, stimulant, and irritant. It also contains a
crystalline body, Eugenin, C',,,11,,* >.,, and a camphor,
Caryophyllin, C]0II16O. It is usi ful as a stomachic,
and to prevent griping when combined with purgatives.
C, Infusum (B. P.). A strength of 1 to 40 recom-
mended. Dose ^j-ij- C, Ol., contains an acid and
a phenol compound. Dose rr\j-iv. It is used also
by microscopists to clarify preparations and tissues for
mounting.

Caryoplasm {kar* ' -e-o-plazm) [ic&pvov, a nucleus ;
-'/1 linn, that which is formed]. The plasm of a cell-
nucleus ; nuclear plasm.

Caryopsis [kar-e-op1 '-sis) [/cdpvov, a nut; bif/tg, appear-
ance]. In biology, an indehiscent dry fruit, like that
of the wheat, in which the single seed is enveloped in
the closely-adhering pericarp.

Casali Green. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pig-
ment.

Casali's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Casamajor's Test. See Tests, Tulle of.

Casaubon's Apparatus. ( Ine for charging water with
i«» by the intermittent method.

Casca Bark [kasf-kah lurk). Sassy Park ; < >rdeal Park.
The bark of Erythrophlceum guinensi, a treenative to
Africa, with properties due to an alkaloid. It pro
duces nausea and vomiting. It is valuable in inter-
mittent fever-, and is a mole powerful heart tonic than
digitalis. C, Tinct., 25 per cent, in strength. I
n\x. Unof. C, Ext. Aq. Dose gr. j. C, Ext.
Fid. Dose TTTv-xv. Erythrophlein, the active alka-
loid, unof., is locally an anesthetic.

Cascadoe [kas-kad-o* -e) . See Tinea imbricata.

Cascara \kasf -kar-ah) [Sp., "bark"]. The bark. C.
amarga, Honduras Park. The bark of a tree native
to Mexico, much used as an alterative tonic in syphilis
and ski- ros. C. Cordial, a trade preparation.

Dose mjev-^ij. C, Fid. Ext. Dose 3 j; of the
powdered extract gr. v— x. Unof. C. sagrada, Chit-
tern Park, Sacred Park. The bark of Rhamnus
purshiana, or California Buckthorn. Its prop.
are due to a volatile oil. It is useful in the treatment
of chronic constipation. All unof. Case, sagrad.,
Ext. (P. P.), Dose gi ij viij. Case, sagrad., Ext.
Liquidum 1 B. P. ,. 1 >ose tTi^v— 3 j.

CASCAKII.I.A

269

' .\-|.\l:«)LIC

Cascarilla (kas-kar-il'-ah) [Sp., dim. of casca, bark].
The bark of Croton eluteria, native to the Bahama
Islands, an aromatic bitter, increasing the natural se-
cretion- .. I the digestive organs. C, Infus. (B. P.).
Dose 3J-ij. C, Tinctura i I'. P |. Dose 3ss-ij.

Cascarillin [kas-kar-iV -in) [cascarilla, dim. oi

bark], C8H902. Hie active principle of cascarilla
bark; a white, crystalline, bitter substance, scai
soluble in water.

Case (ids) [cadere, to happen]. A single instance or
example of a disease. A covering, or box-like struc-
ture. C, Brain-, the calvaria. C, Muscle-.
Mus / . C. -taking, the collection of memoranda and
notes of an individual case for service in diagnosis or
prognosis, or for use in a medico-legal inquiry. C,
Trial-, in ophthalmology, a case containing various
lenses for refracting the eye, etc.

Caseation (ka-ze-a'-shun) [caseum, cheese]. The pre-
cipitation of casein during the coagulation of milk.
Also a fatty degeneration of pus, tubercle, etc., in
which the structure i- converted into a soft, cheese-
like substani

Casein [ka'-ze-iti) [ urn, cheese]. A derived albu-
min, the chief proteid of milk, precipitated by acids
and by rennet at 400 ( ',. It is closely allied to alkali-
albumin, but contains more nitrogen and a large
amount of phosphorus. It constitutes most of the
curd of milk. Two varieties of C, Vegetable, have
been described, — Legumin, in peas, beans, etc., and
Conglutin, in hop- and almonds. C. Saccharid, a
compound of dry casein one part, cane-sugar nine
parts, and sodium bicarbonate enough to render it
slightly alkaline. It is useful in preparing emul-
sions, whether of oils, balsams, terpenes, resins, or
gum resins.

Caseinogen (/•</-: -in'-o-jen) [caseum, cheese; yewav,
to produce]. A peculiar substance occurring in milk,
neither an alkali-albumin nor a globulin, but occupy-
ing a distinct position among proteids. When acted
upon by a digestive ferment it produces casein, or the
curd of milk. Caseinogen is a proteid analogous to
fibrinogen, myosinogen, etc.

Caseose (kal-ze-os) [caseum, cheese]. A product of
the gastric digestion of casein.

Caseous (ka'-ze-us) [caseum, cheese]. Having the na-
ture or consistence of cheese.

Cashew [kash-oo'). The cashew- nut, the product of
Anacardium occidentale. See Acajou.

Cashoo (kash-oof). Same as Catechu.

Cassava (kas-af-vah) [Sp., casabe]. The fecula of
manioc, yd'"/''/'? manihot, separated from the juice.
Unof. See Tapioca.

Cassel Brown. Same as Vandyke Brown. C.Green.
Same as Manganese Green. C. Yellow. See Con-
spectus of Pigments, under Pigment.

Cassel's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Casselmann's Green. See Conspectus of Pigments,
under Pigment.

Cassena (kas-e'-nah) [L.]. The Ilex cassine. the youpon-
tree of the Southern U. S. Its leaves are expectorant,
cathartic, emetic, and stimulant. Unof.

Casser, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of. C,
Nerve of. See Nerves, Table of.

Casserian Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of.

Cassia (cash'-e-ak) [naaia, a perfume], 1. A genus of
leguminous plants, several species of which afford
Senna, q. v. 2. An old name, still used commer-
cially, for the coarser varieties of cinnamon. See Cin-
namon. C. Bark, Cassia lignea. See Cinnamon.
C. Buds, the immature fruit of Chinese cinnamon ;
used chiefly as a spice. C. marilandica, of N.
America, produces the leaves called American senna,

which are less active as a cathartic than the true senna.
C. Oil, a variety of oil oi cinnamon, used in pharm
and iii perfumery. C, Purging, is the fruit -
C. fistula, growing in tropical regions. The pulp,
C.Pulpa ( B. P. ', in 3J-ij doses 1- a mild laxath

Cassideus (kas-id'-e-us) [ca lis, a helmet], Inbiol
helmet shaped.

Cassimuniar, or Cassumunar (kas-im-u'-n

kas-um-u' -nar). The plant Zingiber cassumunar
and its aromatic rhizome, formerly used like true
ginger; now scarcely known in C< mil in phar-

macy. It i- tonic and stimulant. I

Cassius's Purple. of.

Casscmade (/■■/. -<<//-"</') [Fr.]. A name formerly applied
in the French colonies to Mu

Cast [kast) [M E., ca ten, to throw]. 1. A tna-- of fibrous
or plastic materia] that has taken the form of some
cavity in which it ha- been moulded. from their
souro . -•-in. iv be classified as bronchial, intestinal,
nasal, esophageal, renal, tracheal, urethral, vaginal,
etc. Of these, the renal casts are the most important,
by reason of their -igniticance in diseases of the kidney.
Classed according to their constitution, casts are epi-
thelial, fatty, fibrinous, granular, hyaline, mucous,
sanguineous, waxy, etc. See Tube-casts. 2. To
throw off; applied to labor in cattle. 3. Strabismus.

Castanea (kas-ta/-ne-ah) [L.]. Chestnut. The 1-
of C. vesca. They contain tannic and gallic acids
and other principles whose value is not known. They
are used in infusion or decoction as a remedy for
whooping-cough. C, Fid. Ext. Dose Tt^ v-lx.

Castillon's Powders. Powders containing sago, salep,
tragacanth, of each 8 parts, prepared oyster-shells, 2,
cochineal, I. They are used in treating diarrhea and
dysentery.

Casting [kas^-ing) [ME. , casten, to throw]. In den-
tal mechanism, running fused lead, tin, zinc, or 1
into a mould made in sand, with a plaster transfer of
any portion or the whole of the alveolar border and so
many of the teeth as may be remaining in it, and the
palatine arch when it becomes necessary to adapt a
plate to it.

Castor (kas'-tor). See Castoreum. C. Bean and C.
Oil. See Ricini.

Castoreum (kas-tof -re-um) \_Kacrup, the beaver]. The
dried preputial follicles and their secretion, obtained
from the beaver, Castor fiber. It is a reddish-brown
substance with a strong odor. It is antispasmodic
and stimulant, its action resembling that of musk. C,
Tinct. Dose 3 ss-j. Unof.

Castoria (kas-to'-re-ah) [k&otop, the beaver]. A pro-
prietary medicine recommended as a substitute for cas-
tor oil.

Castorin (kas'-tor-in) [marap, the beaver]. A crystal-
line substance obtained from castor.

Castration [kas-tra'-shun) [castrare, to cut]. Orchec-
tomy; the excision of one or both testicles. O, Fe-
male, removal of the ovaries ; oophorectomy ; -paying.

Casts (l-asts). See Cast, and Tube- Casts.

Casual [kaz'-u-al] [casus, chance]. Fitted or set apart
for the treatment of accidental injuries, as a casual
ward in a hospital.

Casualty (kaz'-u-al-te) [casus, chance]. An accidental
injury ; a wound, or loss of life, accidentally incurred ;
an injury in a battle.

Catabasis (kaf-ab'-as-is) [nardSacrcg, a descent]. The
decline of a disease.

Catabolergy, or Katabolergy (kat-ab-o/'-er-fe) [Kara,
down; Ati'/'/nr, to throw ; epyov, work]. Energy
expended in katabolic processes.

Catabolic ikat-ab-ol'-ik) [Kara, down; Aa'/'/Fiv, to
throw]. ( >f the nature of, or pertaining to, catabolism.

CATAB01 l-M

270

CATAl'lInk A

Catabolism

throw]. Destructive metamorphosis; dissimilation;
phj □ ; movement toward a cata

ite.

Catabythismomania

. madness]. Insane
im:
Catabythismus . sub-

i-].l" [j suicidal drowning.

Catacathart.c wn ; ra-

n] i Purging. 2. A medicini
'ii.
icausis . down ; i

bum]. Spontan
Cataclasis down ; n

. . j A fracture.
Catacleisis , a locking]. Clo-

- ism.

Catacorolla inst ; corolla,

:i]. In condary corolla either

within or without the true corolla.

Catacrotic .<i [koto., down ; ic/>droc, a

rrupting the- line of descent in a sphyg-

Catacrotism f-iem) [/arrd,down;

| An interruption or oscillation of the line
igram; the quality of being cat-
g marked by oscillation in the sphyg-
mi . ine i ■! descent.

Catadicrotism. or Katadicrotism {kat-ad-ik' -rol-izm)
[«rr - . double beating]. The occur-

rence of a divided or double pulsation in the down-
: the sphygmograph.
Catadidymous {kat-ad-id' -im-us) \jiara, down; i

.twin]. Joined into one, as a twin monstrosity,
but with a downward cleavage, so that the upper parts
double.
Catadidymus {kat-ad-id'-im-us) \_Knrn, down; Sidi

twin]. A catadidymous monstrosity.
Catadromou- I'-ro-mus) [/card, down ; dpduetv,

running down]. In biology, applied to such fishes
spawn in tin- sea, e.g., the eel.
Catagenesis [kat-aj-en' -es-is) [kcitA, down;

don]. In biology, the process of creation by
is of energy, or by the special-

Catagma {kat-ag* -mah i [ , a fracture ://. . i a

■]. A fracture.
Catagmatic mat'-ik) \_snrtr,iin. a fracture]. i.

serviceable in case- of fracture. 2. A
■ union of broken parts.
Catagoglossum {kat-ag-o-glos* '-um) [ to draw

mgue]. A tongue-deprc
Catalepsia C. arti-

ficialis, an jrpnotic catalepsy. ' C. acces-

soria, ted with some other leading

C. cerea, w. ata-

imbs if place, 1 in any given pi
■ if they wen- made of wax. C.
epidemica. ,r imitative variety. C.

spuria.
Catalepsy . '/nu^'iviiv, to

A peculiar i I by loss of

wi: r rigidit; ased \ ondition

in thosi
I usually - of

with hys
ici&i b , wjln tet:i.

the forms a pari

nXl C, Local, that

ip of muscles. C,
Plastic.

Cataleptic (kat-al-epf-tik\ [Kara, down; /mtvirnv, to
seize]. Relating to, aliened with, or of the nature of,
catalepsy.

Cataleptiform {kat-al-ep* -tif-orm) [/card, down; '/<m.
io seize ; forma, form]. Resembling cnta-
lepsj .

Catalpa {kut-al'-pali) [native Am. Indian]. A genus of
American and Asiatic bignoniaceous trees. A. big-
noniodes and A. speciosa, ol North America, have
astringent, anthelmintic, ami tonic qualities ; the leaves
ami pods are reputed anodyne, emollient, and antasth-
matic. I nof.

Catalysis [kat-al' -is-is) [koto! ir/v, to dissolve]. In
chemistry, a reaction that a]. pears to take place owing
to the mere presence of another body that apparently
undergoes no change.

Catalytic \kat-al-it' -ik | [/cara?,v«v, to dissolve], i. Of
the nature of, or characterized by. catalysis. 2. Any
medicine that is supposed to break down, destroy, or
counteract morbid agencies existing within the
economy. See . llteratii

Catamenia (kat-am-e'-ne-afi) [/."-</, concerning, accord-
ing to; flip), month]. The recurrent monthly dis
charge of blood during sexual life from the genital
canal of the female.

Catamenial {kat-am-e> '-ne-al) [/card, concerning; ///,;•, a
month]. Pertaining to the catamenia.

Catantochasmus [kat-an-to-kazf -mus\ [/cdravra, down-
ward ; \aa(UL, an expanse]. In craniometry, l.issauer's
term for a skull in which the angle between the radius
fixus and a line joining the anterior point of tin- fora-
men magnum and the posterior nasal spine is less than

i3°-

Catantopylus [kat-an-topf -il-us) [ndravra, downward ;
-r'//,, an opening]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term
for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus
and the line joining the anterior and posterior points of
the foramen magnum is between one and eight
degrees.

Catantorrhinus (kat-an-for-i'-iius) [KaravTa, down-
ward; jMf, the nose]. In craniometry, Lissauer's
term for a skull in which the angle between the radius
fixus and the line joining the wing of the vomer and
the anterior nasal spine is between i° and I ' ». 50.
Catantostomus (kat-an-tos'-to-nms) [/cdravra, down-
ward; ar6fia, the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's
term for a skull in which the angle between the radius
lixus and a line joining the premaxillary point and the
wing of the vomer is between 90 and 25.5°.

Catanturaniscus {kat-an-tur-an-is> '-ktts) \kAto
downwind ; ovpaviOKog, the roof of the mouth]. In
craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the
angle between the radius hxus and the line joining the
posterior rim of the incisor foramen and the pic-
maxillary point is between 1° and 200.

Catanturanus (kat-an-t&r/-an us) [/cdravra, downward;
ovpavdc, the palate]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term
for a skull in which the angle bl I wren the radius fixus
and the line joining the premaxillary point and the
nasal spine is between i° and 170.

Catapasm [kaf '-ap-azm) [icaT&iraafia, powder]. A dry
powder to be sprinkled upon the skin or upon a sore.

Catapetalous {kat-ap-et' -al-ns) [/card, against ; irfrakov,
aleaf]. In biology, applied to polypetalous flowers in
which the bases of the petals are adherent to the bases
of the si

Cataphasia \kal-af-a'-?.e-aJi) [/cardiac*?, assent], A
condition of imperfect consciousness, in which the
patient repeatedly utters the same word or words sj
taneously, or in reply to a question.

Cataphora [kat-af '-o-rah) [/caro^ i, a fall]. Lethargy ;

imperfect or restless coma, with intervals of coma-vigil.

I A I APHORESIS

271

i .VI K< 111

Cataphoresis [kat-af-or-e* -sis) [icaTcup i , to bring
down]. The introduction of drugs into the system
through the skin, by means of ointments or solutions

applied by the electrode of a buttery.

Cataphoric {kat-af-or1 '-ik) \_khth, down . , to

carry]. Passing, or causing a passage, from the
anode to the kathode, through a diaphragm or septum.

Cataphract {katf -af-rakt) [/tara^pdmTyc, a coat oi
mail]. In biology, the protective armor-plates or
scale- of some animals.

Cataphracted {katf-af -rak-ted ) [xoro .mailed].

In biology, protected by an armor of thick -kin,
heavy plates or scales.

Cataphyllum {kat-af-W '-um) [/card, down; oi'/'/m, a
leaf]. In biology, a rudimentary scale-like leaf, a- a
cotyledon or bud-scale.

Cataplasis {kat-ap' '-las-is) [nard, down ; ■xkaoiiQ, forma-
tion]. The stage of decline in the individual life.

Cataplasm {katf -ap-lazm) [Kara-'/anua, a poultice].
See Poultice. C, Emollient. See Species emollientes.

Cataplasma {kat-ap-laz'-mah) [!<.]• A cataplasm.
C. fermenti (B. P.), beer yea-t, wheaten Hour, water
at ioo0 F. A stimulant and antiseptic for indolent
ulcers.

Cataplectic {kat-ap-lek' '-tik) \_Kard-'/tjEic, a striking
down]. Fulminant ; sudden and overwhelming.

Cataplexis {kat-ap-leks' -is) [Kara-//,;/!-, a striking
down]. I. A sudden and overwhelming shock or attack
of disease ; prostration by the on.-et of disease, or by
shock. 2. Hypnotic sleep.

Cataptosis [kat-ap-tt/ -sis) [/card, down; -ruoig, a fall-
ing]. Apoplexy ; epilepsy; paralysis; ptosis.

Cataract {kaf '-ar-akt) [/carapd/cr^c, a falling down or
over, as of something over the vision]. Diminished
transparency or an opacity of the crystalline lens, or of
its capsule. C, Artificial Maturation of, Forster ' s
Method consists in friction of the cornea against the
lens by pressure upon the cornea. Beltmann's
Method consists in " direct trituration ' ' of the lens
with a spatula introduced into the anterior chamber.
Both methods are preceded by an iridectomy. C,
Black, the lens is pigmented, and of a dark-brown
color. C, Capsular, consists in non-transparent de-
posits on the inner surface of the capsule. C, Cor-
tical, opacification of the outer layers of the lens. C,
Diabetic, is associated with diabetes. C, Discis-
sion of, an operation preliminary to absorption, or ex-
traction by suction, consisting in rupturing the capsule,
so that the aqueous humor gains access to the lens.
C, Extraction of, removal of the cataractous lens by
surgical operation. See Extraction of C. C, Fluid,
C. , Lacteal, the breaking up of an opaque lens into a
milky fluid. C, Green, a name given to a grayish-
green reflex seen in glaucoma ; it is also seen when the
pupil is dilated and at the same time the media are not
completely transparent. C, Immature, or Unripe,
only a part of the lens-substance is cataractous. C,
Lacteal. See C. , Fluid. C, Lamellar, or Zonular;
certain layers between the cortex and nucleus are
opaque, the remaining layers being transparent. C,
Mature, or C, Ripe, the whole lens-substance is
cataractous. C, Morgagnian, when a hypermature
or overripe C. shrinks and leaves a nucleus floating in
the dissolved outer layer-. C, Naphthalinic. an
opacity of the lens of a rabbit following the administra-
tion of naphthalin. C, Polar (anterior or posteriori,
the opacity is confined to one pole of the lens. C-
pricker. See Cataract-pricking. C. -pricking, a
name given to the old method of artificial luxation of
the lens in cases of cataract. A needle was passed into
the sclera on the outer margin of the cornea and into the
lens, which was then depressed into the vitreous. Those

who performed this operation were called cataract-
prickers. C, Pyramidal, the opacity is at the an-
terior pole and is conoid, the apex extending forward.
C, Recurrent Capsular, or Secondary, capsular
cataract, appearing after the extraction of the I
C, Senile, the i of old p the most fre

quentform, and that understood when not specified as
, ;/ ttital, iic i nile, traumatic, soft, etc. C, Soft, 1-
especially thai of tin- young ; the lens matter is of soft
consistency and milky appearance.

Cataracta {kat-ar-ak'-lah). See Cataract. C. secun-
daria. See After-cataract.

Cataractous {kat-ar-ah' tit | [/carapdOT7?c,a falling down
or over]. Of the nature of or affected with cataract.

Catarrh \kat-arf) [kot . to flow down]. Inflam-

mation of a mucous membrane, especially of the
respiratory tract, but also applied to the bladder, etc.
Ii- main symptoms are redness and swelling of
the affected membrane with a more or less profuse
mucous discharge. C, Epidemic. See Influenza.
C, Gastric, gastritis, acute or chronic. C, Intes-
tinal, enteritis, acute or chronic. C, Nasal, corv/a,
,/. r. See also Rhinitis. C, Pulmonary, bronchitis,
acute or chronic. C, Suffocative. synonym of
Capillary Bronchitis, q. t. See also Suffocative
Catarrh. C, Uterine, endometritis. C, Venereal.
Synonym of Gonorrhea. C, Vesical, cystitis.

Catarrhal (hat-ar'-al) \jcarappEeiv, to flow down]. < if
the nature of, affected with, or relating to catarrh. C.
Fever. Synonym of Influenza.

Catarrhus {kat-ar'-us). See Catarrh. C. genitalium.
Synonym of Leucorrhea.

Cataschasm {kaf '-as-kazm) [nard, down; oxdofioc, a
cutting]. Deep or thorough scarification.

Catastaltic {kat-as-tatf -tik) [KaraoTeXXeiv, to check, to
send downward]. I. Astringent. 2. Passing I
above downward (as a nerve impulse).

Catastasis (hat-as'-tas-is) [KaTaaraois, a settling]. Con-
dition, state, habit; a decline, or quieting of symp
torn- ; restitution, as of a displaced part.

Catastate {kaf '-as-tat) [/iardor«7o<; , settling down].
Any one of a series of successive catabolic states, sub-
stances, or conditions, each one of which is less com-
plex, more stable, and exhibits less functional activity
than its predecessor.

Catastatic {kat-as-tatf -ik) [/ca-dffraovc, a settling down].
Relating to a cata.-tasi-, or to a catastate.

Catatonia, or Katatonia (kat-af-o'-nc-ah) [/cord,down;
Tnvor, tension]. A form of mental derangement pro-
gressing from melancholia succe-sively through mania
and stupidity to imbecility and tonic convulsions.

Catatoniac {kal-at-of -ne-ak) [Kara, down; rdvoc, ten-
sion]. < me who is the subject of catatonia.

Catatony {kat-atf-O-ne). See Catatonia..

Catechin {katf -e-chiri) \catechu\, C21H 5H/J.

Catechinic acid, the active principle of catechu. It
crystallizes in shining needle- of a snow-white, silky
appearance.

Catechol (katf-e-ckol). >■ atechin.

Catechu {katf- ho | [E. Ind.]. An extract prepared
from the wood of Acacia calecku, a native of the
East Indie-. It contains 50 per cent, of tannic acid,
and hence is a powerful astringent. It is used for the
diarrhea of children and as a gargle and mouth- wa-h.
Dose of the powdered extract gr. j ~ - S also
Pigments, Cons/ C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose

~ j-iss. C, Pulv. Comp. 1 I!. P.). < ontains catechu,
kino, and rhatany. Dose gr. xx-xl. C, Tinct.
Composita. contain- catechu 10. cassia cinnamon 5,
dilute alcohol q. s. Dose n\x-3J. C, Trochisci.
each contains one grain of catechu with sugar, traga-
canth. and orange flower water.

CA1 1 1 I - fROTON

I \ i« >1 RETOUS

Catelectrotonus . down ;

i

athode.

Catenulate small chain].

In gement.

Catgut intestines ol .i sheep treated to

C, CarbolizeJ. catgut rend

id. C,
Chromicized, : C. Mat,

- for the pur-
\ ered in
tines. C. Plate, an appliance for uniting the intestinal

1 1 is made of a s< did
ind flat, and resembles the

Cath.i

C. edulis ind twigs which

the a and coffee.

Catharm.i . refuse: pi., Cath-

i ! which i d by purgation ; ex-

nent.

Catharsis purg< ]. Purga-

Cathartic tik ) [ . purging], i.

Purf ■• ine used to produce evacuations

I itive. C. Acid. See Senna.
C. Pill, Compound. /////.

Cathelectrotonus

Catheresis or Cathaeresis {katli-. | , to

cut down]. I. Prostration or weakness induced by
j. Caustic action ; it often designates a
aistic action.
Catheretic [kath-er-et'-ik) [ . to reduce]. I.

weakening; prostrating. 2. Caustic. 3.
A 1 >r caustic ag<

Catheter - i, a tiling put down]. A

tube-like in-trument for evacuating the liquid of a cav-
usually the bladder. C, Bozeman's, a double-
current uterine catheter. C, Eustachian, an instru-

2

3

3

o

5

4

o

6

5 6 7 8

9QOO

10

14

15

15

17

12

18

II
13

12

14

20

16

2?

24

17

26

18

21
19

27

20

21

22

29

23

30

32

33

35

The hi tf.rs.

The upper mi: ,■ t|,,. American system ; the

I rem h.

ndingor making
C. Fever, disturbance,

ving tin m of the

C, Gouley's, a solid curved steel
■ I

Ider.

C, Lui eddown

C, Schrotter's, instruments -I hard

rubber and of varying caliber, somewhat triangular
on section, used for tin- dilatation of laryngeal stric
hires. C, Self-retaining, oik- that will hold its, If
within the bladder without other appliances to .t--ist it.

Catheterism, «>r Catheterization [kath'-et-er-itm, or
kath-et huu) [icadeH/p, a thing put down].

I In- use or passing of a cathi

Catheterize (ka j , a thing put down].

I 0 operate upon with a catheter.

Cathetometer {kath-et-omf -et-et < | of, a plumb-line ;

■pov, a measure]. An instrument of precision used
in craniometry for determining the length, breadth,
height, and possible al rmity of the skull.

Cathetometric [kath-el-o-met '-rik) [/cdtferoc, a plumb-
line; utrpov, .1 measure]. Relating to tin catheto
meter.

Cathetometry [kath-et-om' -et-re) [tcadeTog, a plumb-line;
fiirpi . a measure]. The measurement of the skull by
the cathetometer.

Cathodal {katk' '-o-dal) [Kara, down; itddg, way].
Relating to a cathode.

Cathode [kath'-od) [/card, down ; wrfoc, way]. The
negative electrode or pole of an electric circuit.

Cathodic (kath-od'-ik) [/card, down; u66g, way]. 1.
Relating to a cathode. 2. Proceeding downward;
efferent or centrifugal (applied to a nerve current 01
nerve-impulse |.

Catholicon [kath-ol'-ik-on) [koSo7uk6v, universal], A
universal remedy ; a cure-all.

Cation {kat'-e-on) [/card, downward; livat, to go]. An
electro-positive element; one that accumulates at the
cathode in electrolysis. See Ion.

Catkin [kat'-kin) [Ger., Katzchen, dim. of cat]. In
biology, the indeterminate deciduous, scaly spike of
unisexual sessile flowers, forming the inflorescence of
many trees, , the willow and birch. Cf. Anient.

Catling, or Catlin [kaf-ling, or kat'-lin). A 1
pointed, two-edged knife for amputating.

Catnep, or Catnip {katf-nep, or -////) [corruption of cat-
mint]. The leaves and tops of the herb Nepeta
cataria, a stimulant and tonic ; a popular remed] t"i
chlorosis, hysteria, etc. Dose of fid. e\t. gj-ij. Unof.

Catocathartic [kat-o-kath-ar' -tik). See Catacatkartic.

Catoche [kat'-o-ke) [• tale] |. ( atochus.

Catochus {kat'-o-kus) [/cdro^fof, a holding down]. 1.
Catalepsy; coma-vigil. 2. Apparent death; trance.

Catodont [kaf 'rO-dont) [naru, down ; bdoi . tooth |. Pos
se-,in^ teeth only in the lower jaw.

Catoptric Test, the diagnosis of cataract by means of
the reflection of images from the cornea and lens
capsules.

Catoptrics [kat-opr-triks) [/fartwrrpi/ede, in a mirror].
The law- of the reflection of light.

Catorhinus [kat-o-rin' -us) [/cdrw, below ; pic, the nose].
In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which
the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining
the wing of the nose and the anterior nasal spine i-,
between ib.50 and 330.

CatOStomuS | lUS) \ TU, below ; crmia, the

mouth]. In craniometry, I term for a skull

in which the angle between the radius fixus and the
line joining the preinaxillary point and the wing of
tin 1 imi 1 en 25. 50 and 42. 5°

Catoteric (kat-o-ter'-ik) [/carwrepwccJc, a carrying down
ward]. A purgative or cathartic.

Catotica {kat-of '-ik-ak) [KaTurepacdg, a carrying down
ward]. Medicines oi diseases that affect the internal
surfaces of the body.

Catotretous [kat-of '-ret-us) [/card, down; rp^rnc, per-
forate]. In biology, having the oral and anal aper
cures on the ventral surface. C, Amaurosis, a
condition noted in suppurative choroiditis in which the

i AH IURANISCUS

273

< AUS1 I' II'.

exudate is visible at a distance as a vivid whitish or
yellowish retlex from the pupil. C. Pupil.
Pupil.

Catouraniscus [kat-o-ur-an-is' '-kus) [k6tu, below;
ovpaviOKoq, the rool oi the mouth]. In craniometry,
[.isomer's term for a skull in which the angle betvt
the radius fixus and the line joining tin- o nt< i "i the
posterior margin of the incisor foramen and the pre-
maxillary point i-- between -<>° and 400.

Catouranus [kat-o-&r/ -an-us) [nara, below ; ovp<
the roof of the mouth]. In craniometry, I.issauer's
term for a skull in which the angle between the radiu-
fixus and the line joining the preinaxillary point ami
the posterior nasal spine i> between 170 and 340.

Cattarrhine [kat'-ar-in) [koto, down; pig, the nose].
In biology, of or pertaining to those monkeys and apes
that have approximated nostrils, directed downward
and separated by a narrow septum.

Cattimandu [kat-im-an' -dod) [E. Ind.]. An E.
Indian tree. Euphorbia cattimandoo ; also its medicinal
gum. It is used as a cement and as a remedy for
rheumatism. When fresh it i> an active vesicant. Unot.

Cattle- Plague {kat'-l plag). See Rinderpest.

Caucasian Idiocy [kaw-kaz'-yan id'-e-o-se). See Idiocy,
Ethnic.

Cauda (kaw'-dah) [L. ]. A tail-shaped appendage.
The tail like part of the caudatum. C. cerebelli, the
vermiform process. C. epididymidis, the inferior
part of the epididymis. C. equina, the terminal
extremity of the spinal cord, in conjunction with the
roots of the sacral nerves. C. pancieatis, the slender
left extension of the pancreas.

Caudad (kaw'-dad) [cauda, the tail ; ad, to]. Toward
the tail or cauda ; opposed to cephalad ; in man, down-
ward.

Caudal (haw'-dal) [cauda, the tail]. Pertaining to a
cauda, or tail. The term L'ral has been proposed to
take the place of caudal.

Caudalis {haw-da' -lis) [cauda, a tail]. In biology,
applied as the specific name of fins or other organs
near the tail.

Caudate (kaztZ-dai) [cauda, a tail]. Having or re-
sembling a tail. C. Lobe of Liver, a small elevation
of the liver. C. Nucleus, the intraventricular por-
tion of the corpus striatum. See also Caudatum.

Caudatum [kaw-da1 '-turn) [cauda, a tail]. A ganglion
or free ring of gray matter circling round the lenticu-
laris of the brain. It is massive in the frontal portion,
but becomes attenuated caudad ; the anterior portion-
is called the head, the posterior the tail.

Caudex \haw'-deks) [caudex, a tree-stem]. In biology,
applied to the scaly, unbranching trunk of a palm tree
or tree fern.

Caudicle [kaw' '-dik-l) [caudex, the stem of a tree]. In
biology, a little stalk, as that of the pollen-masses in
orchideous plants.

Caudiduct [haw' '-de-dukt) [cauda, tail ; ducere, to
draw]. In biology, to draw or carry backward
toward the tail.

Cauditrunk [hart/ -de-trunk) [cauda, tail; truncus,
trunk]. In biology, that part of the body behind the
head of fishes and fish like mammals.

Caudle (kaiv'-dl) [ME., caudel, a warm drink]. A
nutritious food for invalids. It is made as follows :
Beat up an egg to a froth ; add a glass of sherry and
half a pint of gruel. Flavor with lemon-peel, nut-
meg, and sugar.

Caudula [kawf -du-lah) [cauda, a tail]. In biology,
a marginal tail-like process.

Caul [kawl) [ME., calle, a hood]. I. A portion or all
of the fetal membranes covering the head and carried
out in advance of it in labor. 2. The great omentum.
13

Caulescent ' nt) [ f. ilk]. In biology,

applied to plants having a distim in.

Caulicle [iaw/-lik-l) [caulis, a stalk]. In biology,
that portion oi ili, tern oi an embryo pi. mi that i-,
below the cotyledons and above tin- radicle.

Cauliflower Excrescence [kaw ' er ehs-kres'-

,<:,). Epithelioma of the cervix uteri. See also
/ 'errui a a, uminata.

Cauliform f-orm) [caulis, a stalls ; forma,

shape]. In biology, resembling a stem.

Cauligenous n us) [caulis, a -.talk ; genu ,

producing]. Borne upon the stem.

Cauline [kavZ-lin) [navX6g,a. stalk]. In biology, ol
or pertaining to the stem.

Caulis (kaw'-lis) [navKbg, a stalk]. In biology, a plant-
stem.

Caulocarpous [kaw-lo-kar' ' -pus)[Kav7d>q, astern; nu,
fruit]. In biology, applied to plants that bear fruit
from year to year upon the same Stem.

Caulome [kaw'-lom) [icavASg, a stem]. In biology, a
general term for all kinds of stems.

Caulophyllin [kaw-lo-fil' -in) [xavMg, a stalk ; o, >>,,;.
a leaf]. A resinoid precipitate from the tincture of
caulophyllum. See Caulophyllum.

Caulophyllum (kaw-lo-filf -utn) [navkdg, stalk; Qvaaov,
leaf]. Blue Cohosh," Squaw-root;" the rhizome and
rootlets of C. thalictroides, growing in Canada and the
northern U. S. It contains a glucosid, Saponin, and
two resins, one of which is Caulophyllin. It produces
intermittent contractions of the gravid uterus, and
possesses diuretic, emmenagogue, and antispasmodic
powers. There are no official preparations. Dose of
the powdered drug gr. v-xx ; of Caulophyllin, gr.
ij-v.

Cauma [kaitZ-mah) [navua, a burning: //. , Caumata~\.
Fever ; heat ; pyresis ; an inflammatory fever ; a
burn. C. enteritis. Synonym oi Intestinal Catarrh,
Acute.

Caumatic {kaw- mat' -it) [icavua, a burning]. Pertain-
ing to cauma.

Causalgia {haw-sal'-je-ali) [navodg, a burning; akyog,
pain]. Neuralgia with burning pain, often of the
foot ; sometimes with a local glossiness of the skin
due to impairment of the normal nerve-stimulus of the
part.

Causation [kawz-a'-shun). See Etiology.

Cause [kawz) [causa, a cause]. The sources, conditions
and origins of a result. The preceding factors that
unite to produce a given condition. Causes are spoken
of as efficient, instrumental, final, primary, secondarv,
predisposing, controlling, determining, ultimate, excit-
ing, etc. C. Causans, the causing cause or the essential
predetermining factor. C, Exciting, the immediately
preceding and conditioning factor. C, Predispos-
ing, that which tends to the development of a condi-
tion.

Causoma [kaw-so1 '-mah) [icavooua; xaieiv, to burn :
pi., Causomata-]. A burning ; usually an inflamma-
tion.

Caustic [kaws/-tik) [naie/v, to burn]. A substance that
disorganizes or destroys living tissue ; it is mostly used
in surgery to destroy unhealthy growths. C. Alkali, a
pure alkaline hydrate or oxid. C, Common, potassa
fusa or potassa cum calce. C, Dubois's, arsenious
acid I, mercuric sulphite 16, dragon's blood 8 parts.
C. -holder, aporte-caustic. C, Lunar, argentic nitrate,
or nitrate of silver. C, Mitigated, argentic nitrate
made less active by fusion with potassium nitrate or
argentic chlorid. C. Potash, potassium hydrate.
See Potassium. C. Soda, sodium hydrate.

Causticity [kaws-tisr -it-e) [nairn', to burn]. Caustic
quality ; corrosiveness.

CUM !

274

c EDAR

Causticum

Cauter urner]. A searing-iron or

Cair.

. .Ul-tlC

Cautcrism

Cau- a i"

a i aut<

Cauterize tuterize].

ustic

Cautery , to burn].

ie term was aj>j ustii s, but more

the platinum-wire heated by an

be iu>t ii rritation,

C, Actual, the white-hot

C. Button, iron heated in hoi water. C,

Corriean'b 5 C, Dento-Electric,

I « ire, held 1 rews, in con

• with m luctors thai pass through a hard-

rul lie. The battery wires are coupled t<> two

- appliance is held in the hand like a
aril in writing, and th< losed by pressing

rith the forefinger, when the resistance
•a ire causes it to heated. It

ibtunding sensitive dentine. C, Gal-
vanic, a platinum wire heated by electricity. C, Gas,
stream of burning gas directed upon
C, Paquelin's, or C, Thermo-, a 1ml
int kept at : uniform temperature by
arrent of benzene vapor. C., Potential, or C,
Virtual, the application of caustic substances.
Cav.: [L. : />/., Cav> j A vena cava.

Cava. [cava, a hollow]. Relating to a vena

■• a.
Cavalry Bone \kav> xl-re bon). A bony deposit in

the > of the thigh.

Cavernoma kav-ern-o' '-ma) [caverna, a cavern; bfia,
a tumor]. A cavernous tumor; a cavernous angioma.
Cavernous [kan /, a cave]. Having

or hollow places. C. Bodies, the
if the penis. C. Breathing, the
hollow sound of bronchial breathing
in dilal ibnormal bronchi. C. Groove, the

C. Plexus. See Pit tus. C. Rale.
C. Sinus, situated at the side ol
v of the sphenoid. C. Tissue, erectile tissue.
C. Tumor. Set Angioma. C. Whisper, whispering
in auscultation, modified by transmission
through a cavity. C. Voice See f >uy.

Cavernula Tentacularis. In biology, a subumbral
surrounding the I each tentacle

ii
Cavernulae Subumbrales. In biology, niches of the

- in M du

Caviar. Caviare I i ]. The salted hard

fish.
Cavicorr. >rnu, horn].

In hollow horns; or a hollow horned

rui
Cavitary . hollow]. Hollow :

mi ; any intestinal worm
inn that is not anenterous.
Cavit.v \ hollow. C. cochleata.

C. pulpae, the pulp-cavity i

Cavitj . hollow]. Any

ho n mg the normal

■

■ . ' irai ii . ven-
triculn- ., pulmoi

C.-pla- plied in n

i> al dentistry to a metallic base for artificial teeth, so
constructed as to have one or more vacant spaces be-
tween it and the minis, which, when applied, and the ail

exhausted, contributes very greatly to the firmness of
its adhesion. C, Preperitoneal, a name given by
Retzius to the loose and yielding subperitoneal tissue
in 1 1 . .tit oi the bladder, under the supposition that it
could be inflated. It is not a true cavitv, but merel)
a succession of areolar spaces. C, Sigmoid.
Sigmoid .
Cavo-valgus (ha'-vo-val'-gus) \cavus, hollow; va
bow legged]. Cavus combined with valgus. See Club-

Cavum [ka'-vum) [L.]. Any hollow or cavity, normal
or pathologic. C. dentis. See Dental Cavity,

Cavus {ka'-vus) [L.]. i. A hollow; a cavity. 2.
falipes arcuatus; hollow-foot.

Cayenne Pepper [ki'-en pepZ-er). See Capsicum.

Cazenave's Lupus. See Diseases, Tabic of C.
Solution. An animal parasiticide used in derma
tology. It consists of iodid of sulphur, iodid oi
potassium, of each I ', drams, water 32 ounces.

Cazeneuve's Test. See Tests, Tabic of.

Ceanothus [se-an-o1 '-thus) [xeavudoc, a kind of thistle].
A genus of rhamnaceous shrubs, chiefly N. Amen
C. americanus, New Jersej tea, red root, is used in
domestic medicine as an astringent and alterative ; its
leaves are substituted for tea. Unof.

Ceasma [se-az' '-mah) \_Kuiaua, a chip: //. , Ceasmata\
A splinter; a fissured state.

Ceasmic [se-az^mik) [utaaua, a chip]. Fissured; re-
maining in tlie primitive fissured state of the embryo.
See Teratism.

Cebadilla {thev-ad-Bl' -yah) [Sp., "little barley"].
'1 he seed of Asagrcca officinalis, or Schcenocaulon <■///, 1-
nale ; official in the B. I'., and important as the prin-
cipal source of the alkaloid veratrin. It is highly
poisonous.

Cebocephalia {se-bo-sef-a* -le-ah) [ni/Jor, a kind of mon-
key ; />;<«;//,, the lead]. The condition of being
cebocephalic.

Cebocephalic [se-bo-sef-alf -ik) [/c^oc, a kind of mon-
key; Mon'n,. the head]. Of the nature or appearance
of a cebocephalus.

Cebocephalus {se-bo-sef -al-us) [ray/foe, a monke) ;
v^.head]. A variety of single autositic monsters
of the species cyclocephalus, in which there is entire
absence ol the nose, with, however, two orbital ca\ ities
and two eyes, although the interocular region i-- nar-
row and perfectly flat.

Cecal [se/-kal) [ceecum, blind]. Relating to or of the
nature of the cecum; c;«cal.

Cecitas [sef-sit-as) [I-]. Blindness.

Cecitis (se-si'-tis) [ceecum, the cecum; crcr, inflamma
tion]. Inflammation of the cecum ; typhlitis, i/.t.

Cecity (ses/-it-e) \ccscus, blind]. Blindness.

Cecograph [se* '-ko-graf) \ceecus, blind; yp&Qeiv, to
write] A writing-machine for the use of the blind.

Cecum [se/-kum) [ u . blind]. The huge blind
pouch or cul-de-sac in which the huge intestine
begins.

Cecutiency [se-ku'-sh ire, to become blind].

I endency to, or the commencement of, blindness.

Cedar [se'-dar) \cedru . cedar]. One of the genus of
coniferous trees, Cedrus. C. -apple, an excrescence
or gall produced upon the red cedar, Juniperus ?i>xi>i
iana, by the fungus called Gymnosporangium ma
pus. ( ledar galls are popularly este< med as an anthel-
mintic. I lose gr. viij— xviij, in powder. Unof. C-
Gum.the fragrant resin ,,f Callitris arborea, a conifer-
1 an tree. It is used in making plasters.
Unof. C. -wood Oil. See Cailcedra.

CEDKI I \

275

MM

Cedrela {sed* '-re-lah) [Kf(5pe/Uir//, a cedar-fir tree]. A
genu- lit' trees found in tropica] regions and allied to
mahogany. C. febrifuga, of Southern Asia ; C. odor-
ata, bastard cedar, of tropical Ann rica see Cailcedrd)',
C. rosmarinus, of Indo-China, and C. toona, oi
India, arc among the species thai afford active mi
cines. All unof.

Cedrene {se'-drln) \cedrus, cedar], Cj«H24. A volatile
liquid hydrocarbon found in oil of red cedar (see
Juniper us virginiand), <>il of cloves and oil of cu-
bebs. C. Camphor, < ,1 1 ,,.< >, a camphor that sepa-
rates from the oil of red cedar.

Cedrin \ ... ■' drin) [cedrus, cedar]. A bitter crystalline
substance obtained from cedron.

Cedriret {sed' -re-ret). See Coeroulignon

Cedron isef-dron) [cedrus, cedar]. The seeds of C.
simaba, a popular external remedy in tropical Amer-
ica for the bites of venomous insects and serpents, and
of reputed value in malarial fevers. Dose of the (Id.
ext. tTLJ-viij.

Ceke {thik'-e). A Feejee term for elephantiasis of the
scrotum.

Celandini {seV -an-dlti). See Chelidonium.

Celastrus {sel-as' '-trus) [K^Xaarpog, an evergreen tree].
A genus of trees and shrubs, nearly allied to Euony-
mus. Many of the species are medicinal, and some
are poisonous. C. scandens, the climbing staff-tree
of North America, is cathartic, diuretic, and alterative;
it is called waxwork, bitter-sweet, and fever-twig.

Celation {sel-a' -shun) [celatio, a hiding]. The conceal-
ment of illness, of a birth, or of pregnancy.

Cele {se'-le) [kojXoc, hollow]. An encephalic cavity;
used instead of ventricle.

-cele {set) \_nrfkii, a tumor]. A suffix denoting a
tumor.

Celelminth (se' '-lel-minth) [mv/oc, hollow; I'/nnr,
worm]. A parasitic worm with a digestive canal or
cavity ; a cavitary worm.

Celery {sel'-er-e) [aekivov, a kind of parsley]. The
stalk of Apium graveolens, or common garden celery.
It contains Apiol, q. v. It is reputed to be antispas-
modic and nervine. Dose indefinite. C. Seed, used
to cover the taste of other drugs. Unof.

Celia {se'-le-ah) \K0ikia, the belly]. I. The belly: the
stomach. 2. Any ventricle, or normal cavity of the
brain.

Celiac {se' '-le-ak) \caliacus ; KOikia, belly]. Abdominal.
Pertaining to the belly. C. Affection, a chronic
intestinal disorder most commonly met with in chil-
dren between the ages of one and five, characterized
by the occurrence of pale, loose stool-, not unlike
gruel or oatmeal-porridge ; they are bulky, not watery,
yeasty, frothy, and extremely offensive, and are ac-
companied by anemia and debility without much
emaciation. The exhaustion may be aggravated by
intercurrent attacks of watery diarrhea, and death
may supervene. It is also called Diarrhoea alba or
Diarrhoea chylosa. It is due probably to a temporary
suspension of the pancreatic function. C. Artery.
Same as C. Avis. See Arteries, Table of. C. Axis,
a branch of the abdominal aorta ; it divides into the
gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. See Arteries,
Table of. C. Ganglion. See Ganglion, Semilunar.
C. Passion, painful diarrhea, or dysentery. C.
Plexus. See Plexuses, Table of

Celiaca {se-li' '-ak-ah) \_KOikia, the abdomen]. Diseases
of the abdominal organs.

Celiadelphus [se-le-ad-elf -fus\ \jauMa, belly;

brother]. A monstrosity having two bodies joined at
the abdomen.

Celiagra {se-le-a' '-grah) [/cot/u'a, belly; aypa, seizure].
Abdominal gout.

Celialgia [se-le-a \KoiKia, belly; 43-yoc, pain].

Tain in the abdomen

Celian, Celine ' an. xe'-lin). Same a- Celiac.

Celiocyesis [se-le-o \noikia, belly; /.<

pregnancy]. Abdominal extra-uterine gestation.

Celiolymph >-limf) [/cot^/'a, a cavity; lympha,

water]. The 1 erebro spinal fluid.

Celiomyalgia [se-le-o-mi 1 [holmo, belly;

must le ; iXyog, pain ]. Pain in the abdominal must

Celioncus {se-le-ong/-kus) \kdiKui, the belly; 6yn
swelling]. A tumor of the abdomen.

Celiopyosis {se-le-o-pi-o* '-sis) [xoikia, belly;

suppuration]. Suppuration in the abdominal cavity.

Celiorrhea {se-le-or-e'-ah) \j<oi?ua, the belly;
flow]. Diarrhea.

Celioschisis (se-le-os'-his-is) [/co/Auz, belly; a\irur, fis-
sure]. Congenita] abdominal Assure.

Celiotomy {se-le-ot' -o-me) \_K0iA1a, belly; *""//, a cut-
ting]. Surgical opening of the abdominal cavity.

Celitis {se-li'-tis) [KoiXia, belly; irn\ inflammation].
Inflammation of the abdominal organ

Cell {sel) [cella, a small, hollow cavity]. 1. In anatomy,
any one of the interstitial spacer and small cavities of
the bone-, etc. 2. In biology, a nucleated mass of
protoplasm capable of reproduction. A mass of proto-
plasm, with or without a cell-wall and with or without
a nucleus. 3. A galvanic element, or -ingle member
of a galvanic battery without the connecting wire
between the metal-. See Battery. 4. The case or cup
in which a zooid or larva is located. See Cell-b
C, Abbe-Zeiss Counting, a glass receptacle cemented
upon a glass slide, its floor being marked in micro-
scopic squares. It is used for counting the blood-cor-
puscles. C, Air. See Air-cell. C, Ameboid, a
cell capable of changing its form and of moving about
like an ameba. C., Apolar, a nerve-cell without
processes or poles, such as has been ascribed to the
sympathetic system. C, Beaker. See C, G
C, Betz's, the motor or ganglionic cell- comprising the
fourth layer of the mo(or area of the gray matter of the
brain. C.-body, the mass of a cell, composed of two
substances, the mitoma, or cytomitoma, and the para-
mitoma. The first is the thread-like basis of the cell-
body, the latter, the homogeneous filar and interlilarsub-
stance. The nucleus is composed of the karyomitoma,
or nuclear network, otherwise called the chromatin;
the nuclear sap. or substances contained in the meshes
of the chromatin, and from its non-staining quality
called achromatin : and the nuclear membrane, made
up of two layers, the outer achromatic, the inner chro-
matic, or staining. The nucleoli are usually multiple,
and are composed of more refractile matter. C,
Bunsen, the same as the Grove cell except that the
platinum electrode of the latter is replaced in the
Bunsen by a stick of carbon. C. -capsule, a thick
or unusually strong cell-wall. C, Ciliated, one pro-
vided with cilia. C. of Corti, any one of the hair-
cells on the outer surface of the organ of Cord. C,
Cylindrical, a variety of epithelial cell. C, Dan-
iell's, a battery cell containing two fluids, viz.. a satu-
rated solution of sulphate of copper and a semi-saturated
solution of sulphate of zinc. In the former is placed
a sheet of metallic copper, and in the latter a mass of
zinc, these two metals forming the electrodes of the
cill. C, Daughter-, a cell originating from the divi-
sion of the protoplasm of a mother-cell; any one of
the young cells found within the substance of an un-
divided mother-cell. C. of Deiters. the cells
with fine processes resting on the basilar membrane of
the cochlea, beneath the air-cell- ; also a nucleated cell
of the neuroglia. C, Demilune. Giannusei's 1
granular protoplasmic cells found in mucous glands,

CELLA

276

i I I i >l OGY

lyii the mu lis and the basement

in important part in the func-

C -Doctrine, the thi

ic structure, and that

ential | i life and it-

C . Kdison-Lalande, a variety ol cell

C, Electrolytic,

. in which

C . Endothelial, om

tem.
C, Epidermic, -r Epithelial, i ring

iv. C,
hmoidai, • ities of the

the ethmoid < 'ailed also

C, Ganglion, a cell "I the gray
C. of Giannuzzi.
C. Giant, any polynucleated body
I in tuberculosis, sar-
C. -globulins, Halliburton's name for
in lymph i orpuscles and
them l>y solutions "l" sodium chlorid.
C, Goblet, a form ial cell. C., Gowers's,

an C., Gre

net. in making galvanic

teries. C, Grove, a two-fluid battery cell, the
sulphuric and nil: and the

I in tin : tively zinc and plati-

num. C. -islets, tin- centers of most active growth

■ung cellular tissues. They

; nutriment that arc gradually dis-

C, Law, a variet) of cell used

in n nic batt< C., Leclanche, a

. 'i making galvanic batteries. It

[uid cell or as a dry cell, tin- latter

C, Lymphoid, a large ameboid

C, Mother-, a cell that divide- ii- protoplasm

ich part a new cell- wall. C, Mounting.

C. -Multiplication. ( !ytogenesis,

cess of reproduction of cells.

It i . a- when the cell-content- bn

parate nucleated masses

ell-wall ; gemmipa u . a- when new cells

A ; and fissiparaus, as when

ell divides by cleavage into two or more

C, Neuro-muscular. a name gh rtain

■ lower life forms, that act in part as nerves

C. -nests, Epidermic Pearls:

ned cells contained in epithe-

C., Olfactory, any one of the cells that lie

i w..rk of epithelial cells in the nasal

■ a body and two proce^

itward t'> the surface of the mucous

r running inward and connected

C. -parasite,

of various micropara-

idium, living within a cell. C-

fluid portion of the cell-con-

C. of Schultze. C,

Scmina ithelial cells contained in

nstituting the seminal
C . Sphenoidal large cavities

■ henoid hone. C.,
Squamous. C., Stam-

mer m makii anic

C -substanc material

C, Thoma-Zeiss. Sam
C . Vasofactive, or Vasoformative, a
t in . and probably

- with other similar

Cell.i tend-

C. lateralis, the lateral

ventricle of the brain, or om- ofitscornua. C. media,
the central cornu ol the lateral ventricle, or that part
ol the ventricle whence the cornua extend.

Cellseform [sel'-e-form) [<<•//</, a cell ; forma, shape].
Resembling a ceil, but not such morphologically. Cf.
ni.

Celliferous [sel-if '-er-us) [cella, cell; ferre, to bear].
Producing, forming, or bearing cells.

Celliform . ' if-orni). S< i I elkeform.

Celloid [seP-oid) [cella, a cell ; f <<'<»;, form]. Resem-
bling a cell.

Celloidm '-in). A concentrated form of collodion

for use in imbedding objects for histologic purposes.

Cellula [seP-u-lah). lule.

Cellulae gangliosae. Ganglion cells, or mesodermal
nerve cells; neuroblasts. C. palpantes, tactile
cells.

Cellular {seP-u-lar) [cella, cell]. Relating to or corn-
ed of cells. C. Cartilage, cartilage composed
mainly of large cells, with but little intercellular sub-
ice. C. Membrane, C. Tissue, areolar tissue;
I ony connective tissue; cancellous tissue. C. Ther-
apy, the name applied by Aulde to the method in
therapeutics of exhibiting properly-selected medica-
ment- with a view to restoration of cell-function. It
aims to apply scientifically those remedies that expe-
riem e has -hewn to possess special curative properties
in the restoration of disordered functions.

Cellule (seP-ul) [cellula, a small cell]. A small cell
or cavity.

Celluliferous {sel-u-lif '-er-us) [cellula, a little cell;
ferre, to hear]. In biology, producing small cells.

Cellulitis [sel-u-W '-lis) [cellula, a -mall cell; itu;, in-
flammation]. A diffuse inflammation of cellular tis-
sue. C, Pelvic. See Parametritis.

Celluloid [seP-u-loid)[cellula, a little cell ; eliog, form].
A valuable product of the action of camphor upon
pyroxylin. It is prepared in a great variety of form-,
both transparent and opaque, colored uniformly or
mottled and striated. It cannot be caused to explode
by heat, friction, or percussion. When brought into
contact with flame it burns like paper. It dissolves in
warm, moderately concentrated sulphuric acid, and is
also soluble in glacial acetic acid, rapidly in warm,
moderately concentrated nitric acid (four volumes of
fuming acid to three of water), and in a hot, concen-
trated solution of caustii soda. The density of cellu-
loid ranges from I.310 to 1. 393. When heated to 125°
( . it becomes plastic and can be moulded into any de-
sired shape. Separate pieces can also be welded
together by simple pressure at this temperature. It is
useful in various ways in surgery. It is used some-
times to form a plastic base for artificial teeth, known
by various names, as "Rose Pearl," "Pyroxylin,"
etc. See Zylonite.

Cellulose [seP-u-los) [cellula, & little cell], C,.,I I.,(1< >,„.
Wood fiber ; lignose. The principal ingredient of the
cell-membranes of all plants. It is a white, amorphous
mass, insoluble in most of the usual solvent-. In
biology, the primary substance of organic (ell walls,
characteristic of plant-cells, but found in the Tunicata
among animals. It is dissolved by Schweitzer's re-
agent 1 ammonium cupric-oxid 1 and decomposed by
era! forms of bacteria, e.g., Bacillus butyricu ,
Prazmowski ; Bacterium gummis, < lom.es, and Bacteri
w/i putredinis, Davaine. To stain. 1 si 1 Irenai her's
Alcoholic Borax-Carmin, Ehrlich's or Delafield's
Hematoxylin, Methyl-Green, Methylene Blue, Safra-
nin, Fuchsin, Chlor. Zinc, lodin, Phloroglucin,
Anilin, Chlorid. See, also, Carbohydrates, Table of .

Celology [sel-olf-o-je) [ni////, hernia ; Myog, science].
That branch of surgical science that treats of hernia.

CKI.OM

277

CENTER

Celom, or Celoma (se'-lom, or se-lo' '-ma/i) [koiAcj/iu, a
cavity]. A term used by embryologists and others
to denote the body-cavity in its widest morphologic
sense ; the space between the exoderm and the endo-
derm.

Celophlebitis [se-lo-fU-bi' -tis) [nolAog, hollow ; <p/.hp,
vein; mr, inflammation]. Inflammation of a vena cava.

Celophthalmia [se-loff-thal' -me-ah) [Kotkog, hollow;
;„,ti,iAui>r, eye]. Hollowness of the eyes.

Celoscope {se'-lo-skop) [koZXoc, hollow; anonelv, to
observe]. An instrument for examining the cavities
of the body by means of the electric light, enclosed
in a tlask and mounted upon a glass shank.

Celosis (se-lo'-sis) \_koiaoc, hollow]. The formation of
any cavity.

Celosoma (se-lo-so'->nah) [Kfjfab hernia ; aufta, a body].
I. A species of single autositic monsters characterized
by "more or less extensive body-cleft with eventration,
associated with various anomalies of the extremities, of
the genitourinary apparatus, of the intestinal tract,
and even of the whole trunk." 2. A variety of the
foregoing species in which there is a lateral or median
eventration, with fissure, atrophy, or even total absence
of the sternum, and protrusion of the heart.

Celostomia (se-h-sto/-me-ah) [koIaoc, hollow; crofia,
mouth]. Hollowness of the voice.

Celotome (se'-lo-tom) [«////, hernia; refiveiv, to cut].
A hernia-knife.

Celotomy (se-lot'-o me) [k/'/a//, hernia ; rifiveiv, to cut].
The operation for strangulated hernia by incision of
the stricture.

Celsus's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Celtis (sel'-tis) [L., an African species of lotus]. A
genus of ulmaceous trees. C. australis, the European
nettle-tree, honey-berry, or lote, has mild, astringent
leaves and bark. C. occidentalis, the hackberry of
N. America, has edible, astringent berries; the bark
is said to be anodyne, astringent, febrifuge. Unof.

Cement (se-ment') \coementum,a. rough stone]. Any
plastic material capable of becoming hard and of
binding together the objects that are contiguous to it ;
filling-material for the teeth ; the crusta petrosa of the
teeth. See Teeth. C.-disc, the glandular disc of
orchids. C.-duct, the duct of the cement-gland in
cirriped crustaceans. C, Shellac, a cement for seal-
ing microscopic preparations and for making shallow
cells. It is prepared by dissolving the gum or scales
of shellac in about an equal volume of alcohol. Decant
or lilter the fluid, and to prevent brittleness add to
every 50 parts 5 parts each of castor oil and Venetian
turpentine.

Cementoblast (se-menf '-o-btast) \c<zmentum, cement;
J/aaroQ, germ]. A cement-corpuscle in tooth-tissue ;
more correctly, an osteoblast that takes part in the de-
velopment of the dental cement.

Cemento-dentinary (se-ment-o-den/-tin-a-re) \ccement-
um, cement; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Relating to the
cement and dentine of a tooth.

Cementoma (se-ment-o/-maA) \camentum, cement;
a, tumor: pi. , Cemeniomatd] . A tumor thrown out
by the irritated alveolar periosteum.

Cementum [se-menf -nm). See Tooth and Cement.

Cenanthy (se-nan' -the) \jtev6g, empty; avdog, flower].
In biology, that condition of a flower in which the
stamens and pistils are suppressed.

Cenchrus (seng'-krus) [/cey^poc, a small grain]. In
biology, a small spot on the metathorax of an insect.

Cenesthesis {sen-es-the' -sis) \_Koiv6q, common; alat- -
feeling]. A sense of existence, either painful or pleasur-
able. It is the prevailing conscious state of feeling,
either of depression or of exaltation, which is the
resultant of the subconscious organic sympathies oi

the whole organism. It does not exceed physiologic

limits so long as it if elude the normal exercise

of mental fundi'
Cenogenetic (se-nojen-et' '-ik ) \ttoiv6q, common;

trs" :'> generation]. In biology, a modi lied, shortened,

and simplified mode of developm
Cenogenous {sen-ojr -en-us) [_KOiv6g, common;

produced]. In biology, the power of reproducing by

means of eggs at one time and viviparously at another,

as seen in the Aphides.
Cenosis {sen-o'-sis) [/ccvujkc, a draining]. Evacuation;

up' icenosis.
Cenosphaera [sen-o-sfe' ' -rah ) \_KEv6g, empty ; o<pa

sphere]. In biology, the spherical skeleton of certain

radiolarians.
Cenospudia (sen-o-spu'-de-ah ) [/cevrfc, empty ; airovAr/,

zeal]. " Drown study ; " mental absorption, or anxiety

with regard to unimportant matters.
Cenotic {sen-ot'-ik) \_nevuaig, a draining]. Cau-in^

cenosis ; drastic ; purgative.
Centaurea (sen-taw* -re-ah ) \jckvravpoQ, centaur]. A

genus of composite flowered herbs. C. benedictus.

See Carduus. C. centaurium, the greater centaury

of Europe, is aromatic, astringent, diaphoretic, and

stomachic. C. cyanus, corn-flower, blue-bottle ;

once used for fevers and in preparing collyria. C. sol-

stitialis, Barnaby's thistle ; diuretic and antipyretic.
C. nigra, of Europe (knap-weed, centaury), is as-
tringent and diuretic. All unof.
Centaury (sen' -taw-re) \centauriq\ A popular name
for various plants of the genera Centaurea, Eryth,
Sabbatia, Chlora, etc. It is used as a simple, bitter
tonic. Dose Jss-j in decoction several times a day.
Unof.
Center (sen'-ier) \jdvrpm>, the center]. The middle
point of any surface or of a body. The ganglion or plexus
whence issue the nerves controlling a function. C,
Accelerating, a probable center in the medulla sending
accelerating fibers to the heart. They leave the cord
through the rami communicantes of the lower cervical
and upper six dorsal nerves, passing thence into the
sympathetic. C, Ano-spinal, controls defecation;
it is situated at the level of the 5th, 6th. and 7th lumbar
vertebrae ; but for the co-ordinated activity it must
remain in connection with the brain. C, Auditory,
probably in the temporo-sphenoidal lobes, upon each
side. C., Broca's. See C, Speeeh. C, Cardio-
inhibitory, in the medulla, carried by the vagus. C,
Cilio-spinal, connected with the dilatation of the
pupil ; it is in the lower cervical part of the cord. It
controls the movements of the ciliary body. C,
Convulsional, in the medulla, on the floor of the 4th
ventricle. C. for Closure of Eyelids, in the medulla,
a part of the facial center. C, Coughing, in the
medulla, above the respiratory center. C, Diabetic,
in the posterior part of the anterior half of the floor
of the 4th ventricle, in the median line. C, Ejacula-
tion, Rudge's genito-spinal center, 4th lumbar vertebra
(rabbit). C, Erection, is in the spinal cord, but is
controlled from the medulla. C. for Mastication
and Sucking, facial and hypo-glossal centers. C.
for Secretion of Saliva, on the floor of the 4th
ventricle. C, Gustatory and Olfactory, in the
uncinate gyrus. C, Heat-regulating or Tem-
perature, the center for the control of body-tem-
perature. See Thermotaxis. C, Leg, in the as-
cending frontal convolution. C, Micturition, the
vesico-spinal center of Budge, at the level of the
lumbar vertebrae ; coordination requires cerebral
connection. C. of Ossification, the place in b(
at which ossification begins. C, Parturition, at the
level of the 1st and 2d lumbar vertebr.e. C, Respir-

< 1 NTERING

I 1 l'HAI EMA rOMA

atory, in the medulla, between the nuclei ol tl
led bj I luorens the

or . C, Sensory, oi Psycho-sensorial

t.il .m<l tempore sphenoidal lobes, prob
: intimal I with, the m

C, Sneezing, sami is foi m i

C, Spasm, in the

unction with the pons. C, Speech,

volution in right-handed

C.| Swallowing, on the the 4th

C . Swcat.i: lominating is in the

C, Upper,
for Dilator Pupillze, in the medulla. C, Vaso-
dilator, in the medulla, with a func

i tin- \ aso-motor. C,

so-motor, in the medulla. C, Vesico-spinal.

C, Visual, in the occipital lobe,

the cun

Centering nter]. In mil ro

i an ob sory

ncides with the optic axis ol the
tics, having the pupil and the
■ the refracting lens in die same axis.
Centesimal. In the proportion of i to ioo.
Centigrade run:, a hundred ; graa

step] Abbreviation, L. Having ioo divisions or
C. Thermometer, a thermometer with zero
• and ioo° as the boiling point of

Centigram [centum, a hundred ; yp&uua,

ght]. The hundredth of a gram, equal to

a avoirdupois, or one-sixth of a grain

Centiliter n'-t turn, a hundred ; fdrpa, a

ind]. The hundredth of a liter, equal to 0.6102

•1 cubic inch.
Centimeter ••■' tim ntuni. a hundred ; (i&Tpov,

ire]. The hundredth part of a meter, equal to
1 of an English inch.

Centinormal ' mal • [centum, a hundred ;

normal]. The T,', r< of the normal ; applied to
ilution ti ' the strength of a normal solution.

Centrad • [centrum, tin- center: ad, to],

-r toward the median line.
'/ , Tail
Central mm, the center]. Relating to

sing through the center. See Position
C. Artery, an artery in
retina; it to the optic

C.

Ganglia, tl triata and thalami optici. C.

Ligament. mal filum of the spinal cord. See

C. Lobe, the island of Reil. C. Stop.

Centraxonial -><>\\ center;

. having a central axial line.
Centre
Centren ntrum, a center]. Belonging

Centric. Centrical {sen'-trik, ten' -trik-al) [centrum,

to a nerve-
■ . a term applied to the internal
distinct!

structural

r and under surfai
Centricipital ntrum, center ; < apnl.

iciput ; parietal. C.
vertebra, I nd or n tral of tie three

prim
Centriciput 1 ; ,,,'n'.

ond crania] segment
sit 1. put.

Centrifugal {sen-trif-v-gal) [centrum, the center;
fugere, to flee]. Receding from tin- center toward
the periphery. C. Nerves, those (mostly motor)
conveying impulses toward the peripheral parts oi the
body.

Centrifugalized Milk. Milk from which the cream
has been separated by whirling it in a centrifugal
machine.

Centripetal {sen-trip* '-et-al) [centrum, the center;
, to seek]. Traveling toward the center from the
periphery. C. Nerves, those (mostly sensorj 1 convey
ing impn ssions from the peri] heral organs toward the
cerebro spinal nervous system.

Centro-acinal, or Centro-acinar {sen-tro-as,-in-al, or
,, n-tr, '-,// in-ar) [centrum, centei : acinus, a grape].
Belonging to the center of an acinus. C. Cells an
found in the a< ini oi the pancreas, etc.

Centrolecithal {sen-tro-les' -ith-al) [nkvrpov, center;
XtiKlffog, yolk]. III embryology, having the food yolk
centrally located in the protoplasm.

Centrosoma {sen-tro-so' -mah) [nevrpov, center; oufia,
body: pi., Centrosomatd], The central mass or body
of any corpuscle, a - distinguished from iis appendages.
C. of Boveri, in embryology, a separate central body
contained in the sphere of attraction, at the pole oi
the resting nucleus in a dividing ovum.

Centrosome {sen* -tro-som). See Centrosoma.

Centrostigma [sen-tro-stig* '-man) [tcivrpov, center;
afiyfia, a point]. In morphology, having all the axes
converging to a central point.

Centrotriaene {sen-tro-tri* '-e-ne)[icivTpov, center; rpiaiva,
a trident]. In morphology, a trisene spicule whose
arms arise from a central bundle or rhabdom.

Centrotylote {sen-trot* '-il-oi) [nivrpov, center ; toa*
knobbed]. In biology, swollen in the middle.

Centrum {sen'-trum) [!-•]• The center or middle part ;
the body of a vertebra, exclusive of the bases ol the
neural arches. C. Anospinale, Budge's, the center
for the movements of the anal sphincters, located in
the cord at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra in
the dog, and between the sixth and seventh in the
rabbit. C. Ovale Majus, the large mass of white
matter appearing when either of the hemispheres is
cut down to the level of the corpus callo-um. C.
Ovale Minus, the white matter appearing when
the upper part of a hemisphere of the brain is
removed.

Cenurus (sen-u'-rus). See Ccenurus.

Cepaceous {se-pa' -she-us) [ccepa, an onion]. Having
the smell of onions.

Cephaelis {sef-a-f el-is). See Ipecacuanha.

Cephalad {sef'-al-ad) [/,'»•/,,, head ; ad, to]. Toward
tin- head. See Position and Direction, Table of.

Cephalagra {sef-al-af -grah) [KFfa'/i/, head; d
seizure]. Gouty headache

Cephalalgia {sef-al-al' -ge-ah) [mou'/ij. head; hXyoc,
pain]. Tain in the head. The word is variously
qualified, as C. Anemica, C. Contagiosa, C. Infiuen a,
('. Epileptica, C. N> " a, etc.

Cephalalgic {sef-al-al' -jik) [KeQaTJ], head ; akyoc, pain].
Relating to headache.

Cephalanthium {sef-al-an' -the-um) [nefaM, . head;
avBoc, a flower]. In biology, the capitulum, or flower
clust' 1, ol one of the Compo it,<~.

Cephalanthus {sef-al-an' -thus). See Button-bush.

Cephalate I j "">. head]. In biology,

possessing a head.

Cephalea {sef-al-e* '-ah) [netpa'kaia, headache]. Head-
ache; especially severe or chronic headache, with
intolerance of light and sound.

Cephalematocele. See Cephalhematocele.

Cephalematoma. See Cephalhematoma.

< 1 II I. \I.1MIA

279

( I I'll.M ( 1 1 HRYPT< >R

Cephalemia (sef-al-e' -me-'ah) [kxw'/i/, head; aiun,
blood]. An abnormal determination of blood to tin-
head.

Cephaletron (sef-al-e' trori) [«?</>«///, head ; fyrpov, the
abdomen]. In biology, applied to the anterior portion
of the body of certain crustaceans.

Cephalhaematoma (sef-al-he-mat-o,-mah). See Cephal
hematoma.

Cephalhematocele (sef-al-he-maf -o-sil ) [kxjiu/,, head ;
Hum, blood; Kij'/i,, tumor]. An hematocele situ.:
beneath the scalp, and communicating with a dura!
sinus.

Cephalhematoma (sef-al-he-mat-o' '-mah ) [/>■• <nu /, . head ;
ii'imi, blond; <«//". tumor: />/., Cephalhematomata\
A collection of blood between tin- pericranium and
the exterior of one or incur bones of the skull.

Cephalhydrocele (sef-al-hif -dro-sel) [«oh/;/, head ;
vdup, water; *>/,/ //. tumor]. Effusion of cerebral fluid
beneath the occipitofrontal aponeuroses in fractures
of the skull.

Cephalic (sef-al'-ik) [kx^i//,, bead]. Pertaining to
the head. The terms Proral, Cranial. Rostral,
.U-ralhave been proposed to take the place of Ceph-
alic. See Position and Direction, Tabic of. C. In-
dex. See Index. C. Souffle, a blowing murmur
sometimes heard in auscultation of the head ; a sign
of aneurysm or of anemia. C. Vein. See Vein.
C. Version. See Version. C. Tetanus. See
Kopf- Tetanus.

Cephalin (sef-al-in) [ke^oHj, the head]. An unstable
phosphatic substance obtained from brain-substance;
it is allied to lecithin ; at least live modifications of it
are reported to exist; it is called also Kephalin.

Cephalitis (sef-al-i'-tis). See Encephalitis.

Cephalization {sef-al-iz-a'-slutn) [Ktoa'/i/, the head].
In biology, Dana's term for that specialization the
tendency of which is to concentrate important parts
and organs at the head region of the trunk.

Cephalize (sef-al-iz) [kx.hu>,, head]. To develop
head- organs.

Cephalobranchiate {scf-al-o-brang' '-ke-at) [nscpaAr/,
head; (3p&yxiat gills]- 1° biology > with external
branchial tufts in the head-region.

Cephalocathartic (sef-al-o-kath-ar' -tik) [woe////, head;
KaflapTiKdq, purging]. I. Purging or relieving the
head. 2. A medicine that relieves the head.

Cephalocele {sef'-al-o-sel) [Kxm'/ri, head; />////;, tumor].
Hernia of the brain; protrusion of a mass of the
cranial contents.

Cephalocentesis (sef-al-osen-te' -sis) [iceQaTJ}, head;
KH-rr/air, puncture] . Surgical puncture of the cranium.

Cephalocercal (sef-al-o-ser* -kal) [ne(paA.-f/, head; KtpKoq,
tail]. In anatomy, from head to tail.

Cephalochord (sef ' -al-o-kord) [kx:><u/,, head; x°pdv,
cord]. The cephalic portion of the chorda dorsalis in
embryonic life.

Cephaloclast (sef'-al-o-klast). See Cephalotribe.

Cephaloconus (sefal-o-kc/ -nus) [kk.hu/, . head ; Kavog,
a cone]. In biology, applied to one of the processes
on the head of a pteropod.

Cephalodium (sef-al-o1 '-de-um) [KsyaXy, head; eMoc,
form]. In biology, one of the outgrowths on the
thallus of a lichen, and in which gonidia or algal
cells are found.

Cephalodymia (sef-al-o-diml '-e-ah) [Kfdcu.ij, head;
dbfievat, to mingle]. Teratologic union of twins by
the merging of their heads together.

Cephalodynia (sef-al-o-din' '-e-ah) [netpdhq, head ; bdwq,
pain]. Rheumatism affecting the occipito-frontalis
muscle, the pain being chiefly experienced in the
forehead or occiput, and at times involving the
eyeballs.

Cephalograph i /' [».'. pa?u/, head ;

to write], Aii instrument for recording the contours
of the head.

Cephalography | /, , bead ;

to write]. A desi ription of the head.

Cephaloid | f al-oid) [/. <•„//,. bead; eldog, likeness].
Resembling the head.

Cephalology (sef-al-ol* '-o-je) \ia<pa7Jj, head; >
science]. Tin science ol cranial measurements and
indications.

Cephaloma {sef-al-o* -mah) [ne^aTd], head; "■»/. tumor:
pi., Cephalomata\ Encephaloid carcinoma; soft car-
< inoma.

Cephalomelus (sef-al-om' -el-us) [-. o»>/, . head ; u
a part]. A form of double monster in which there is
a supernumerary limb attached to tin- head.

Cephalomeningitis (sef-al-o- men-in ji'-tis) [wx>',,
lir.nl; ii/,rr,-, a membrane ; trig, inflammation].
Cephalic meningitis; inflammation of the cephalic
meninges.

Cephalometer (sef-al-om' '-et-er) [h-aa//]. head; mrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for measuring the head.

Cephalometry [sef-al-om' -el-re) [kx.hu i,, head; fitrpov,
a measure], i. rhe use of the cephalometer : craniom-
etry. 2. The art of taking measurements of the
head to determine the position of the fissures and con-
volutions of the brain.

Cephalont (sef'-al-dnt) [/.></'///,, head ; r), being].

In biology, that phase of a gregarine in which
an epimerite is added to the anterior cyst or proto-
merite.

Cephalo-orbital (scf-al-o-or'-bit-al) [Ketpa/.i/, head;
orbita, an orbit]. Relating to the cranium and orbits
C. Index. See Index.

Cephalo-orbito-nasal (sef-al o-or-bit-o-na' ' -zal)[Kt:o<u rt .
the head; orbita, an orbit; nasalis, of the nose]. Re-
lating to the cranium, orbits, and nose.

Cephalopagus (sef-al-opf -ag-us) [hxju'/i,. head; -cr,eic,
joined]. An ensomphalic monstrosity having the
heads united at the top.

Cephalopathic (sef-al-o-pathf-ik) [Kxja/J/, head ; -
disease]. Pertaining or belonging to a disease of the
head.

Cephalopathy (sef ' -al-o-path-e) [Kxja'/.ij, head ; -adoq,
disease]. Any disease of the head.

Cephalophalsia (sef-al-o-fal'se-ah). Same as Ceph-
alotripsy.

Cephalophragm (sef '-al-o-fram) [Keoa'/ij, head ; ftpaypa,
division]. In biology, a Y-shaped >eptum transversely
dividing the head-chamber of certain insects.

Cephalophyma {sef-al-o-fi' ->nah\. Synonym of Ceph-
alhematoma.

Cephalorrhachidian (sef-al-o-rak-id'-e-an) [neipaA.?/ ,
head; pii\ir, spine]. Same as Cerebrospinal.

Cephaloscope (sef'-al-oskof) [_kx.hu i, . head ; (jkotteIv,
to examine]. A stethoscope for use in auscultation
of the head or the ear.

Cephalo-spinal (sef-al-o-spi' '-nal). See Cerebrospinal.

Cephalostat (sef'-al-ostat) [kxm'/i,, head; ioravai, to
cause to stand]. A vise or clamp for holding a
patient's head.
Cephalostegite i S-tej-il) [KE<paM?, head ; <rr

a roof]. In biology, the anterior or head region of
the carapace of a crustacean.
Cephalot, or Cephalote (sef-al-ot, or -lot) [kxhuui-uc ,
headed]. A brown, resinoid fat obtainable from brain-
substance. Cf. Cerebrot.
Cephalothorax (sef-al-o-thof -ra [kxoiui,, head ;

•_-, a breastplate]. In biology, the anterior por-
tion of the body of an arthropod formed by the union
of the head and thorax.
Cephalothryptor (sef-al-o-thrip'-tor). See Cephalotribe.

HAD >TOME

CEREBELD 'I S

Cephalotonv- the head;

to cutl. I he instrument used in pei alot-

omy.

Cephalotomy head;

•ion] 1 Ik- I ill"-'

Cephalotnbe

:i] An in>ln;' the fetal

111 .
Ccphalotripsy

se] II. i crushing the fetal head

whi ible.

Cephalotnpt.T
Cephalotroch . head ;

,u-> .in or annelid larva
ha- ilia.

Cephalous head]. In bio]

Cephaloxi.i 5) nonym oi

Cera ] Wax. A mixtui xcid,

j the honey-bee from

the pol "1 the leaves of plants. C.

alba. ••'• •■ : prepared b) bleaching yellow wax.

It redient of cerati oint-

C. flava. yellow wax; it possesses an

le balsamic odor. It is soluble in ether, hot

. and chloroform.

Ceraceous [. era, wax]. Waxy; re-

Ceramidium t-id'-e-um) [nipapog, pottery]. In

. the urn-shaped spore-bearing receptacle of
■
Cerasein i berry-tree]. A pre

dpi tat e from a tincture of the bark of choke-cherry,
/V. . true); used as a quinin-substi

tut a diaphoretic and sedative. Dose J to io

grain-. I I
Cerasin in) [cerasus, a cherry-tree]. I. An

ry, peach, and plum
i! with bassorin. 2. A crude
■ if Choke-cherry, </. v.
Cerasinose ■ .-, , a cherry-tree]. A

■hydrate isomeric with arabinose ; it
rry-gum.
Cerate ■, wax]. In pharmacy, an unc-

m consisting of wax mixed with oils,
fatt; ■.-. and of such a consistence

thai temperatures it can be readily spread

upon linen or muslin, and yet i- so linn that it will not
• run when applied to the skin. There are
C, Goulard's. See Goulard.
C, Hufeland's. See Hufeland.
Ceratectasia ( \er-at See Keratectasia.

Ceratectom A', rectomy.

Ceratiasis /Oasis.

Ceratin Keratin.

Ceratitis Uitis.

Cerat See

Ceratum

Cerbera . g of mythology],

1 world trees, several of

C. odollum. of India, has

I bark ; in, q.v.

C. taughin. . highly

I 20

Cerberin , 0| mj thology].

Cercana • ,,] ] Any ti

ge of larval

Cercarian [ser-ka'-re-an) [xipKOQ, a tail]. Any tre-
matode, oi Buke-worm, in the Cercaria stage.

Cerchnus ( serk'-nus) \ , rough, hoarse], Iloarse-

ness ; noisy respiration.

Cere is See fudas Tree.

Cercomonas [ser-kom'-o-nas) [nip/cog, tail; w
monad]. A genus of flagellate infusorians. C. in-
testinalis, a minute animal parasite, a protozi
occasionally found in the fecal discharges of patients
suffering with typhoid fever, chronic diarrhea, and
cholera. Its pathologic significance has not yet been
ascertained. C. urinarius. See Bodo.

Cercus [ser'-kus) [/cep/coc, the tail ol a beast]. In
biology, one oi the antenna-like structures projecting
from the hinder parts of certain insects.

Cere i era, wax]. In biology, that portion of the

sheath ot the bill in certain birds. e, ... parrot- and
bird> ol pre), which ha- a waxy appearance.

Cereal [se/-re-al) [Ceres, the goddess of agriculture].
I. Relating to edible grains. 2. Any edible grain or
bread-corn ; also the plant that produces it. The
composition of the more important cereals is thus
given by Bell : —

Constituents.

1
it

H

~ 5
a <n
u

it

=

'u
"J

w O
CC tfl
V

"0

U

ui

a
O

(/1

"wi

c
U

V
N

'5

u

>>

04

« 2
1 =

si

1.48

1.56

1.03

5-14

3-58

1-43

0.19

Starch,

63-7I

65.86

6351

49.78

64.66

61.87

7766

Sugar (as su-
crose)

2-57

2.24

1-34

2.36

1.94

4-30

038

Albumin (insolu-
ble in alcohol),

10.70

7.19

8.18

10.62

9.67

9.78

7-94

Nitrogenous
matter (solu-
ble in alcohol),

4-83

4.40

3-23

4-05

4.60

5-09

1.40

Cellulose, . . .

3-03

2.93

7.28

13-53

1.86

3-23

Tra-
ces.

Mineral matter,

1.60

1.74

14.08
100.00

2.32

2.66

1-35

1.85

0.28

Moisture, . . .

1208
100.00

13.06
100 00

11.86
100.00

12.34

12.45

12.15

Total

100.00

100.00

100.00

Cerealin [sef -re-al-in) [Ceres, the goddess of agricul-
ture]. An albuminoid found in various cereals and
obtainable from bran. See Flour.

Cerebel 1 el). See Cerebellum.

Cerebellar (ser [dim. of cerebrum]. Re-

ing to the cerebellum. C. Fossa. See Fossa. C.
Ganglion. See Ganglion.

Cerebellic [ser-e-bel'-ik). See Cerebellar.

Cerebellitis {ser-e-bel-i' -fis) [cerebellum, a little brain;
, inflammation], Inflammation of the cerebellum.

Cerebellocortex \ser-e-bel-o-kor' -teks) [cerebellum, the
little brain; 1 , bark]. The cortex of the ci

bellum.

Cerebello-spinal [ser-e-bel-o-spi' '-nal) [cerebellum, tlie
little brain ; spina, the spine]. Relating to the cere-
bellum and tin- spinal cord.

Cerebellous bel'-us). See Cerebellar.

< EREBELLl M

281

' I REBRl »S1 I I'll. \ I Hi

Cerebellum (ser-e-bel' -//»/) [dim. of ,;>/■;•«///]. The
inferior part of the brain lying below the cerebrum.

Inferior Aspect of the Cerebei.u.m.

i,i. Inferior vermiform process. 2, 2. Median fissure. 3,3,3.
Lobes and Lobules. 4. Amygdala or tonsil 5. Flocculus,
subpeduncular lobe or pneumogastric lobule. 6. Pons
varolii. 7. Median fissure of pons. 8. Middle cerebellar
peduncle. 9. Medulla oblongata. 10. Anterior extremity of
circumferential fissure of cerebellum. 11. Anterior border ot
superior surface. 12. Small or motor root of trigeminus. 13.
Large or sensory root. 14. 6th nerve. 15 Facial nerve 16.
Nerve of Wrisberg. 17. Auditory nerve. 18 Glosso-
pharyngeal 19. Pneumogastric. 20. Spinal accessory. 21.
Hypoglossal.

Cerebral [ser'-e-bra!) [cerebrum, the brain]. Relating
to the cerebrum. C. Apoplexy. See Apoplexy. C.
Arteries. See Arteries, Table of. C. Index.
See Index. C. Maculae, spots on the skin caused by
slight irritation, and abnormally persistent. They may
indicate disorder of the vaso-motor mechanism. C.
Nerves. See jVerves, Table of. C. Pneumonia.
See Pneumonia. C. Surprise, the speedy, but not
long-persistent stupor that often follows sudden mental
shock or grave lesion or injury of the brain. C.
Vesicles. See Brain-bladder.

Cerebralgia(.w-t>-/;;v?//-/t'-<7//) [cerebrum, the brain; a/ j og,
pain]. Pain in the head.

CeTebTaUsm{ser/-e-bral-i:/n)[,ere/>r//M. the brain]. The
theory that mental operations are due to the activitv of
the brain ; or that thought is a function of the brain.

Cerebrasthenia [ser-e-bras-the/-ne-ah) [cerebrum, the
brain; aadevf/g, without strength]. Cerebral asthenia.
See Phrenasthenia.

Cerebrasthenic {ser-e-bras' -then-ik) [cerebrum, the
brain; aadevijg, without strength]. Characterized by,
or pertaining to, cerebrasth'-nia.

Cerebration (ser-e-bra'-shun) [cerebrum , the brain].
Mental and cerebral activity. C., Unconscious, men-
tal activity of which the subject is not conscious.

Cerebria {ser-e' -bre-ali) [cerebrum, the brain]. Tem-
porary cerebral exhaustion (but the term is variously
applied by different writers); acute, chronic, partial,
and sympathetic cerebria are among the varieties
described.

Cerebric Acid (se^-e-brik). Same as Cerebrinic Acid.

Cerebrifugal [ser-e-brif -u-gal) [cerebrum, the brain;
fugere, to flee]. Centrifugal; efferent; transmitting
or transmitted from the brain to the periphery.

Cerebrin {str* -e-brin) [cerebrum, the brain], C17H, Ni 1
A nitrogenous glucosid obtained from brain-tissue,
nerves, and pus-corpuscles. It is a light, colorless, ex-
ceedingly hygroscopic powder. The term has been
applied to an " organic extract *' of unknown consti-
tution, derived from brain-tissue.

Cerebrinacide 1 . 'rum, the brain].

( me of certain substances found in brain-tissue, and
capable ol combining with metallic oxids.

Cerebrinic Acid 1 ^er-e-brin'-ik). See Acid.

Cerebripetal rip/-et-al\ [cerebrum, the brain;

petere, to seek], ( entripetal ; afferent ; transmitting
or transmitted from the periphery to the brain.

Cerebritis 1 | urn, the brain ;

inflammation], Inflammation ol the proper substance
of the cerebrum, due to ti lam-

mation, or septic influence, Headache, possiblj vom
iting,and convulsions are the most marked symptoms.
C, Enzootic — of horses. Also called staggers, or
mad staggers. A disease of horses in the \\ estern
I nited States caused by eating corn that has been
attacked by a mold, Aspergillus %laucus, the -< >. 1
which, finding lodgment in the kidneys and liver,
germinate and cause derangements of the circulation
with central absi Neither mules, cattle, nor pigs

appear to contract this disease.

Cerebrogalactose (ser-e-brogal-ak'-tos). Same as
C erebrose.

Cerebro-hyphoid (ser-e-bro-hi'-foid) [cerebrum, the
brain; r<.v/, tissue ; el6og, likeness]. Resembling the
substance of the brain.

Cerebrol (ser> '-e-brbl) [cerebrum , brain ; oleum, oil].
An oily, reddish fluid obtainable from brain tissue.

Cerebroma \ser-e-bro' -mah) [cerebrum, the brain; bfta,
a tumor: //., Cerebromata\. A growth, outside the
cranium, that contains cerebral tissue.

Cerebromalacia ( xer-e-bro-mal-a' -se-ah) [cerebrum, the
brain; iia'/MKia, softness]. Softening of the brain-
tissue.

Cerebromedullary [ser-e-bro-med-uV -ar-e) [cerebrum,
the brain ; medulla, marrow]. Relating to the brain
and spinal cord.

Cerebropathy {ser-e-bropf-a-the) [cerebrum , the brain ;
KaBog, illness]. I. A train of symptoms following over-
work and approaching the character of insanity. 2.
Cerebral disease in general.

Cerebropsychosis {ser-e-brop-rik-o' -sis) [cerebrum, the
brain; i.'iq(,w»', animating]. Mental disturbance due
to a disease of the psychic centers.

Cerebrosclerosis [ser-e-bro-skle-rof-sis) [cerebrum, the
brain; BKhjpbg, hard]. Sclerosis of cerebral tissue.

Cerebroscopic 1 ;er-e-bro-skop/-ik) [cerebri/"/, the brain ;
GKo~eiv, to inspect]. Pertaining to cerebroscopy.

Cerebroscopy (ser-e-bros' '-ko-pe) [cerebrum, the brain;
gkotteIv, to inspect]. Ophthalmoscopy in the diagno-
sis of brain-disease.

Cerebrose {ser1 '-e-bros) [cerebrum, the brain], ( , 1 1
A crystallized sugar isomeric with glucose, occurring
in brain-tissue.

Cerebro-sensorial {ser-e-bro-sen-so1 '-re-al 1 [cerebrum,
the brain ; sensorium, the organ of sensation]. Per-
taining to the cerebral sensorium.

Cerebroside {ser* '-e-bro-sid 1 [cerebrum, the brain]. One
of a class of substances occurring in brain tissue, con-
taining cerebrose, just as tfucosids contain glucose.

Cerebrosis [ser-e-bro' -sis) [cerebntm, the brain]. Any
cerebral disorder.

Cerebrospinal (ser-e-bro- [cerebrum, the brain;

spina, the spine]. Pertaining to the whole of the
brain and spinal structure. C. Axis. See Axis. C.
Fluid, the fluid between the arachnoid membrane and
the pia-mater. C. Meningitis. Se< bro-

spinal. C. System, the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Cerebro-spinant [ser-e-bro-sp/'-nai/t ) [cerebrum, the
brain ; spina, the spine]. A medicine that acts upon
the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrosulphatid [ser-e-bro-sul' -fat-id) [cerebrum, the
brain ; sulphur]. Any cerebrinacide containing sulphur.

t 1 REBR< '1

I I Ml M

Cerebrot. Ccrebrote

the brain]. A white, fatty principle obtainable
1 1 ■ -iit brain subs)

Cerebrotomy • brain;

. t.. cut]. i: "i anatomii section oJ

brain n- •
Cerebrum [1 . ]. The chief portion ol

th( vhole upper pari of the

tnium.
Cerectomy
Cerencephalot

Cereolus A

lit ated.
Cerc-.r. rite that has

ut distillation ; it is used a- a sub-

Cercus mill "J. A genus oi

C. grandiflorus. See Night-

Cerevisi^ [I..]. Ale or beer. C.fer-

mentum, I be ferment obtained in brew-

revisice.
ates of the system. Dose ^ss-j.
Cenn . wax]. An ether of cerotic acid ;

- found in wa\.
Cerise cherry-tree]. A pigment of

I i of.

Cerium *) [named after the planet Ceres]. Ce

i. . [uantivalence n, iv. ( >ne of the rarer

e Elements, Tabic of. C. oxalas, Ce2-

,11 < •, a white, granular powder, insoluble in

ilcohol, but soluble in hydrochloric acid.

The oxalate is the only salt commonly employed in

medicine. It i> a gastric sedative useful in the vomit-

j-x, in pill. C. val-
erianate ha used in the same class of cases,
gl
Ceromel w i> m/i, honey].
1 1' mey cerate ; wax one part, honey two or four parts.
It : wounds and ulcers, chiefly in Asiatic
■
Ceroplastic \se-ro-plas'-tik) [tajpbc, wax ; wXaaaetv, to
aid]. Modeled, or as if modeled, in wax]. C.
Catalepsy. See Catalepsy.
Ceroplasty | e,-ro-plas-te) [ioip6g, wax ; -'/ aaoeiv , to
mould]. The modeling of anatomic preparations in

Cerosin .wax]. A waxdike substance

r grayish green coating on somi
When purified, it yields fine,

Cerosis ! . wax]. That morbid condi-

tnbrane in which it seems to consisl of wax-

lik'

Cerotene • , ■ | An alkylen or ole-

from Chinese wax; it melts at

Cerotic Acid otic.
Certificate [certificate, to certify]. A

wril of birth
th.
Cerulean Blue.

Cerulein ,,,„ Green, one

of tl , , of.

Cerumer rhe wax of the ear.

Ceruminous Pertaining

Ceruse i \\ hite lead :

\ while
C. of antimony, white oxid of anti

Cervical | rvix, the neck]. Pertaining

to the neck, or to the cervix uteri. C. Carcinoma,
carcinoma of the neck oi the \\<nnb. C. Choke, in
the horse, the lodgment of a foreign bod} in the
phagus at any point between the " throat -latch" and
the shoulder. C. Endometritis. See Endometritis.
C. Pregnancy, a rate condition in which from atrophy
i it the decidual membranes the impregnated ovum is not
properly held in place, and dropping, lodges in the
rvical canal, where it develops until the uterus, not
being able to hold it longer, expels it.

Cervicen [ser^-vis-en) [cervix, the neck]. Belonging
solely to the cervix.

Cervicicardiac [ser-vis ik ix, the neck ;

Kapdld, the heart]. Relating to the neck and the
heart, as the cervicicardiac nerves, brain lies of the

\ agus.

Cerviciplex {ser1 ' -vis-ip-leks) [cervix, the neck ; plexus,
a network]. The cervical plexus.

Cervicitis [ser-vis-if -tis) [cervix, the neck; trig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the cervix uteri.

Cervicobrachial [ser-vik-o-bra' -ke-al) [cervix, the
neck ; brachium, the arm]. Relating to the neck and
the arm.

Cervico-bregmatic [ser-vik-o-breg-maf '-ik) [cervix, the
neck; Qptyfta, the sinciput]. Relating to the cervix
or nucha and the bregma.

Cervicodynia [ser-vik-t -din' '-e-ak) [cervix, the neck ;
bdi . //. pain]. Cramp or neuralgia of the neck.

Cervico-facial [ser-vik-o-fa'-shal) [cervix, neck;
fades, face]. Relating to the neck and the face.

Cervico-occipital (ser-vik-o-ok-sip/-it-al) [cervix, the
neck; occiput, the back of the head]. Relating to
the neck and the back of the head.

Cervico-orbicular {ser-vik-o-or-bik' -u-lar) [cervix,
neck; orbicularis, circular]. Relating to the neck
and the orbicular muscle.

Cervico-vaginal [ser-vik-o-vaj' '-in-al) [cervix, the
neck ; vagina, a sheath]. Relating to the cervix uteri
and the vagina.

Cerviculate [ser-vik' '-u-ldl) [cervicula, a little neck].
In biology, having a slender neck.

Cervix [serf-inks) [L.]. The neck; also the posterior
part of the neck. Applied also to constricted parts
of other organs, as the cervix of the bladder, or of
the penis. C. Uteri, the neck of the womb. C.
Vesicae, the neck of the bladder.

Ceryl (sc'-ril) [era, wax], < ' .. 1 I , An organic radical
found in combination in beeswax.

Cerylene {se'-ril-eu). See Cerotene.

Cesarean, orCaesaiean, Operation {se-za'-re-anop-er-
a'-shun) [cadere, to cut]. Extraction of the fetus
through an incision made in the abdomen. C. O., Con-
servative, the removal of the fetus through an open
ing in the anterior abdominal wall, without removing
the uterus or its appendages. CO., Elective, one done
at a selected time prior to labor. C. O., Improved.
See Singer's Operation, Porro's Operation, etc. C.
O., Post-mortem, extraction of the child after the
mother's death. For the various methods proposed ol
performing the Cesarean Operation, see Gastro-elytro
tomy, Laparo-elytrotomy , Gastro-hysterectomy, Ga
tro- hysterotomy, and the operations of Porro, San
Porro-Muller, Kehrer, and Thomas, under Opera-
tions, Tabic of.

Cesarean Section. See Operations, Tabic of.

Cesium, or Caesium (se'-ze-um) [I... "bluish-gray"],
1 [32.6; quantivalence 1. A rare alkaline

metal resembling potassium in physical and chemii
properties. C. bromid, like the other bromids, is a
good sedative, but its cost is very great. The oxalate
and nitrate have also been employed medicinally.

CESP1 rosE

283

CHAM( US SKIN

Unof. C. chlorid, unof. , lowers the pulse rate and

raises the arterial pressure. I 'use gr. ij— v.

Cespitose (ses'-pit-os) \caspes, a turf or sod]. In biology,
growing in or characterized by tangled or matted tufts.

Cesspool [ses* '-pool ') [E. dial., suss, a puddle; Ml..,
poof]. A reservoir for water ; a privy.

Cestoid, or Cestode {ses^-toid, or . ' tod) [(c«JT<$f, a gir-
dle ; eldoc, likeness]. Shaped like a girdle, or ribbon;
applied to worms, of which Tania is a type.

Cetacea {se~ta' -se-ah ) \cetus, a whale]. An order of
mammals living in the sea, as the whale, dolphin, etc.

Cetaceum [se-ta' '-se-um) [I..: gen., Cetacei]. Sperma-
ceti. A fatty substance somewhat resembling paraffin
in its physical properties. It is obtained from the head
of the sperm whale, Pkyseter macrocephalus. It is
soluble in ether, chloroform, and boiling alcohol, and
is employed only as an emollient. C, Ceratum,
contains spermacti 10, white wax 35, olive oil 55 parts.
C, Ung. (1!. P.), contains spermaceti, while wax,
almond oil, and benzoin.

Cetraria {se-tra' -re-ah ) \ccetra, a short Spanish shield].
I. A genus of lichens. 2. Iceland moss. A lichen,
C. Islandica, found in Iceland and other northern
countries. It contains a form of starch, Lichenin, that
gelatinizes when boiled with water. It is a feebly
tonic demulcent, sometimes recommended in pulmon-
ary affections. C, Decoct., contains five per cent, of
the lichen. Dose ^ij-iv.

Cetrarin {se-tra'-rin) [ccetra, a short Spanish shield].
The bitter principle of Iceland moss, crystallizing in
fine needles, and nearly insoluble in water.

Cetyl {set-til) [cetits, a whale], C1BH.W. An alcoholic
radical existing in beeswax and spermaceti.

Cetylid (se' -til-id) \cetus, a whale], C22H4205.
Geoghegan's term for the substance in the brain that
reduces alkaline solutions of cupric salts.

Cevadilla {sev-ad-W '-ah). See Cebadilla.

Cevadillin {sev-ad-iP -in) [cevadilla], Ca4H53NOs. An
uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained from cevadilla.

Cevadin (sev'-ad-in), C.,.,1 1,,,\09. A crystalline alkaloid
of cevadilla. See Veratrin.

Ceylon Sickness. See Beriberi.

Chabert's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.

Chseraphrosyne {ke-rafros'-in-e) [jo/pe<v, to rejoice ;
wppoovVTj, senselessness]. Amenomania.

Chaeromania (ke-ro-ma' -ne-afi) \j(aXptiv, to rejoice ;
uuvta, madness]. Amenomania.

Chaeta {ke'-tak) \_xatTTli a l°ng hair]. A bristle.

Chaetophorous \ke-tojf-or-us) [xaLr'h a l°ng hair ;
cpepeiv, to bear]. In biology, bearing bristles.

Chaffbone [chaf-bon) [AS., ceaf, husk; ban, a bone].
A name for the inferior maxilla.

Chagres Fever. See Fever.

Chain [c/idn) [ME., chaine, a chain]. 1. A series of
connected links of metal, etc. 2. In chemistry, a
group of like atoms joined together by chemic affinity
without the intervention of atoms of another kind.
C. Ecraseur, an ecraseur of which a chain forms
the cutting part. C.-saw, a surgeon's saw, the teeth
of which are linked together like a chain.

Chair {char) ['SIE., chaire, a chair]. 1. A seat of
office, as that of a professor. 2. A piece of furniture
consisting of a seat with a back support. C, Vibra-
ting. See Shaking Cure. C, Whirling, a revolv-
ing-chair in which formerly a maniacal patient was
rapidly whirled. This was regarded as both a seda-
tive and a curative procedure.

Chalastic {kal-as'-tik) \_xomkjtik6s, making supple].
1. Emollient, softening. 2. An emollient or laxative
medicine.

Chalastodermia {kal-as-to-der4 '-me-ah). Synonym of
Dermatolysis.

Chalaza {kal-a'-zah) [;£<£Aafa, a hailstone]. In biology,
one of the twisted cords binding tin- yolk-bag of an
egg to the lining membrane oi the- shell ; or that pari
of a seed where it- coats unite with each other and the
nucli

Chalazion {kal-af -ze-on) [ \u'/<uii,, , a small hail-tone].
A tumor oi the eyelid from retain.. I secretion of the
Meibomian glands: a Meibomian cyst.

Chalazonephritis {kal-a-zo-n \ 1 >>...'. hail;

•'./ , tli.- kidney; trig, inflammation]. Granular
nephritis.

Chalicosis [kal-ik-o'-sis) [x<i'//~, gravel]. A disease
of the lung- of workmen caused bj the inhalation of
dust or -and.

Chalk {chawk) [WE.., chalk, lime], f 'arbonate of lime.
See Calcium. C. Stone, gout -tone — a deposit be-
neath the skin in gouty patient-.

Chalot's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Chalybeate (ka-lib'-e-at) [x"/r'\ iron]. Containing
iron.

Chalybs (ka'-libz) [I..]. See Ferrum.

Chamber {chamf-ber) [ME., chamber, a room]. A
cavity or space. C, Anterior (of the eye), the space
between the cornea and the iris. C, Posterior
the eye), the space between the iris and the lens.
The chambers of the eye contain the aqueous humor.

Chamberlaine's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Chamberland's Bougie or Filter. See lifer.

Chamecephalic [kam-e-sef-al' -ik) [ \miin. low ; Kioa'//,,
head]. Characterized by chamecephaly.

Chamecephalous {Jcam-e-sef -al-us). See Chame-
cephalic.

Chamecephaly (kam-e-sef '-al-e) \_\<uiai, low; m <»;//,.
head]. In craniometry, that condition of the skull in
which the cephalic index is 700 or less. A flat and
receding skull.

Chameconcha (kam-e-kong'-kali) \_\auai , low ; /,<
orbit]. In craniometry, an orbital index below
80.01. °

Chameconchous {kam-e-cong> '-kus) \_\ana-. low;
Kdyxi, concha]. In craniometry, having an orbital
index of not more than 8o°.

Chamecranious {kam-e-kra* -ne-us) [ x"""'* 'mv i
Kpavinv, skull]. In craniometry, having the greatest
length of the skull proportioned to its height.

Chameleon Mineral \kam-e'-le-on min'-er-al). An
old name for a crude mixture of potassium manganate
with potassium nitrate.

Chamelirin {kam-el-ir* '-in) \_\anai. ground; '/t'tpiov,
lily]. A poisonous glucosid from Charmelirion lute urn :
it is a strong heart-depressant.

Chamelirion {kam-el-ir' -e-on) [ \<nmi, ground : >

lily]. A genus of liliaceous plants having active
medicinal and poisonous properties. C. luteum, or
carolinianum, of the U. S. (called Helonias dioica),
is a uterine tonic and diuretic. Unof.

Chameopisthius {kam-e-o-pis' '-the-u [\<nmi, low;
bn'ujduni]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle between the radius fixus and the
line joining the hormion and the lambda is from 170
to 24.50.

Chameprosopic {kam-e-pro-sof [\<iu<i<. low;

-p6ao)7rov, face]. Low faced; having the zygomatic
facial index below 900.

Chamocephalic {kam-o-sef-al* '-ik) [\a/mi, on the
ground, low; KEtyaki], head]. See Chamecephalic.

Chamois Leather {sham'-wah, or sham'-. See

Leather.

Chamois-skin {sham'-wah-, or sham'-e-skin). Properly
the skin or tanned leather of the chamois; now pre-
pared from split sheep-skin. It is used in surgery and
for underclothing.

< ll.Wb 'Mil I

284

CHEDDAR CHE] SI

Chamomile and Mc

Chamoprosopic . on the

iund ; -
Champagne enl « ine

times prescribed as a n med) tor
and vomitii .
Champak V mi

d Indo < lima.
Its hig used tor

ii.l emmi

Chancebone un< foi the ischium.

Chancre i., same] A term formerly

: an] primarj venereal ul< er,
ba) gnif) the initial lesion

.1 mil- n followed b) constitu-

tional sym| ; while chancroid is

em ate the infectious but non-consti-

tut: C Hard, Hunterian, Indurated,

Infecting, Non-suppurating, or True, the ulcer of
igin, that i- followed by constitutional
C, Non-incubatory, Non-infecting,
Simple, or Soft, a contagious, suppurating, non-
ulcer, properly called chancroid.
C . Phagedenic, chancroid with a tendency to ero-
C, Serpiginous, a variety of the last that
- superficially in curved lines.
Chancroid \\chancre\ A local, infective

transmitted by sexual intercourse, and charai
terized by ulceration, local glandular involvement,
suppuration. It ha- been variously termed
indurated, simple, or non-syphilitic
chan ■
Change ME., \an n, to change]. Death.

The word i- colloquially u.-ed either for the establish

•it "T the cessation of the menstrual function. C. of

Life, th 'ii of the catamenia ; iopause.

Channel-bone (chan'-el-bon) [ME., cte/, a canal;

He], The clavicle.
Chantreuil's Method. In pelvimetry, a method of
■•naming the distance between the tuberosities of
tlv i ; i m. i in estimating the size of the pelvic

tlet. Ili two thumbs are placed upon the tuberosi-
ssistant measures the distance between
them.
Chap ME., happen, to cleave], i. The jaw

■uallyin the pi.). 2. A slight or superficial fissure
. usually upon the lips, hands, or nipples.
Chaptalization [chap-tal-iz-a'-shun). A method of
ini; isisting in neutralizing the excess

ity in the must by the addition of marble-dust,

mtenf by the addition

■1 quantity of cane-sugar. The wine

in alcohol, poorer in acid, and the

njured

Charbon [l'r]- Thi French term for

Charcoal ME., ] Coal made by

if smothered combustion.
u
Charcot Pain. Pain in the ovarian region.
Charcot's Disease, . Disseminated,

multiple, or insular

C.'s joint, or Joint Disease. See Arthropathia and

C.-Leyden Crystals, microscopic,

rhomboidal crystals found in

and broni hitic patients ;
Veumann

C.'s Method. See Hypn -

(ism. C. -Neumann Crystals. See Sp> rniin. C.-
Robin Crystals, crystals forming upon leukemic
blood when allowed to stand exposed for a few days.
C.'s Vibrating Arm-chair. See Shaking due.

Charlatan [shar* '-laf-an) [Sp., charlar, to prattle]. A
quack ; a pretender to medical skill ; an advertising
.1' ictor.

Charlatanoid [sliar'-lat-an-oid) [Sp.. char/ar, to
prattle]. A term applied to an organism so closely
milling a charlatan as at times to be almost in-
distinguishable.

Charles's Law. See Lino.

Charpie [shar'-pe) \carpere, to pluck]. Picked or
shredded lint ; linen shred- for dressing wound-.

Charqui [char,-ke) [Chilian], A name given in South
Aim lira to strip- and slices of beef freed from fat and
dried rapidly by sun-heat and -prinkled with maize.

Charriere's Guillotine. An instrument for excising
the tonsils. See Operations, Tabl

Charta [kar* 'tali) [ xiipn/r, pa] and pi., Chart., ] .

A paper. In pharmacy, a strip of paper as an ex< ip-
ient, the fibers of which are impregnated with the
prescribed medicinal substance. Also a wrapper for
holding powders or medicines. Of the three official
chart,,-, two are intended as vesicants. C. epispas-
tica, or C. cantharidis, blistering-paper. C. em-
poretica, porous or bibulous paper. C. exploratoria,
test-paper. C. sinapis, mustard-paper.

Chartreuse (shar-treP) [Fr.]. A tonic cordial, ob-
tained by distillation from various plants growing on
the Alps.

Chartula [kartf -u-laK) [dim. of charta~\. A little paper,
especially a paper containing a single dose of a medic-
inal powder.

Chasma [kaz'-mah), or Chasmus (iaz'-mus) [%ao(i6st
a gaping]. A yawn.

Chassaignac's Operations. See Operations, Tabic of.

Chaste Tree [chast /re). See Agnus casttts.

Chaulmugra Oil {chawl-moog'-raK) [E. Ind.]. \
fixed oil expressed from the seed> of Gynocardia odor-
a/a, a tree native to the E. Indies. It is soluble in
alcohol, and its properties are due to gynocardic acid.
It is thought to be useful in leprosy and is recom-
mended in scaly eczema, psoriasis, and syphilitic skin-
affections. For external use, gr. xx of the acid ad
f,'} of petrolatum. Internally, dose gtt. v-x of the
oil, or gr. ss-iij of the acid, in capsules. All unof.

Chaussier, Line of. See Lines. Table of.

Chautard's Test. See Tests, laid.

Chauvel's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Chavibetol [chav-e-be/-tol) \chavica, or piper; betel],
CjqHjjOjj. A substance isomeric with eugenol ; it
occurs in oil of betel.

Chavica (chav/-ik-ah) [native South Sea Island name].
A genus of plants including the long pepper and betel-
pepper.

Chavicin [chat/ -is-in) \chavica, a genus of plants] . An
organic basii pri inalogous to piperin, found in

pepper.

Chavicol {cha-i/ -ik-oT) \chavica, a genu- of plant-],
1 \ 1 1 (< >] 1 1 1 1 . A substance occurring in the oil
obtained from tin- leave- oi a betel. Il

colorless oil with a peculiar odor, and boils at 2370;
its sp. gr. at 2d° i> 1. 035.

Chawstick [chaw'-stik). -wstick.

Check (click) [MP.., click, a sudden -to]']. Something
restraining. C. -experiment. See Control. C-
ligament. See Ligament. C. -observation. Si e
( ontrol.

Checker-berry [click' -cr-ber'-e). A popular name for
Gaultheria procumb

Cheddar Cheese. Si 1 ( 'h esc.

I I II. IK

•j-:.

< IIEMOSIS

Cheek [chik) [ME., cheie]. The side of the face; it
is com] mi-.-. 1 . 1 1 fat, aivolai tissue, muscles, etc.

Cheese [chlz) [ME., chase']. A food prepared fromtbe
casein of skimmed or unskimmed milk. I" the fol-
lowing table the results of the researches of Payen on
the composition of cheese are quoted in loo part- foi
the following kind-.: (i) Brie, (2) Camemberl
Roquefort, (4) DouU. cream, 15) < >Id Neufchatel,
(6) New Neufchatel, (7) I heshire, (8) Gruyere,
Ordinary Dutch, (10) Parmesan. The varieties under
I, exhibit an alkaline reaction, and contain, with
ammonia, cryptogamic plants, or, as it is termed, are
moldy. l'he varieties under II, so-called boiled,
strongly pressed, and salted cheese, exhibit an acid
reaction, as also does freshly prepared casein.

I.

1

2

3

4

5

45.20

51.90

34-5°

9-50

34-50

Nitrogenous matter,

18.50

18.90

26.50

18.40

13.00

Nitrogen,

2-93

3 00

4.21

2.92

3-31

Fatty matters, . . .

25-7°

21.00

30.10

59-90

41.90

5 60

4.70

5.00

6.50

3.60

Non -nitrogenous ~i
organic matter >
and loss, J

5.00

4-5°

3-90

570

7.00

II.

6

7

8

9

10

Water

36.60

35-9°

40.00

36.10

27.60

Nitrogenous matter,

8.00

26.00

31-50

29.40

44.10

Nitrogen

1 27

4-13

5.00

4.80

7.00

Fatty matters, . . .

40.70

26.30

24.00

27-50

16.00

0.50

4 20

3.00

0.90

5-70

Non - nitrogenous J
organic matter >
and loss, j

14.20

7.60

1.50

6.10

6.60

The character of a few of the different varieties of
cheese is as follows : Neufchatel cheese is a Swiss
cream cheese. Limburger cheese is a soft, fat cheese.
Fromage de Brie is a soft French cheese, rapidly ripen-
ing and developing ammoniacal compounds. Camem-
bert cheese is also a cream cheese. Roquefort cheese
is a cheese made from the milk of the ewe. Gruyere
cheese is a peculiarly flavored Swiss cheese. Ched-
dar cheese is a hard cheese made from whole
milk. Single and double Gloucester are made,
the first from a mixture of skimmed and entire
milk, and the second from the entire milk. Parmesan
cheese is a very dry cheese, with a large amount of
casein and only a moderate percentage of fat. Eidam
cheese is a Dutch cheese, also relatively dry, and

covered with red coloring. As to the bacillus of
cheese see Spirillum tyrogenum, 1 , under

B ii teria, Table of.

Cheese-rennet (chi ' ren ef\. See Ladi ' Bed-strcno.

Cheesy (chlz' -e)[ME. , chese\. Of the nature ol

C. Degeneration, caseous degeneration, or caseation.
C. Tubercle, a mass of caseously ited

tissue.

Cheil-, or Cheilo- (/■//-, or kil'-o-). For words thus
beginning see < 'hil , or ( 'hit

Cheiro- Ikir'-o). lor word-, thus beginning see Ch

Chekan. or Cheken [chek'-en) [Chilian]. 1.
leaves ol Eu enia cheken, a South American shrub.
It- properties are due to an alkaloid and a volatile oil.
It is diuretic and expectorant and similar in action to
eucalyptus. It is serviceable in chronic catarrh, laryn-
gitis, etc. Dose of the fluid extract ^ ss-j. L'nof. 2.
The crude resin obtained from Cannabis indi

Chela [ke'-lah) [xvM . a claw]. In biology, the claw
or pincers of a crustacean.

Chelicera [ke-lis' -er-aK) [ \ /,'//,. a 1 lav . a horn].

In biology, a claw-like appendage of scorpion- and
spiders, containing a poison-gland in the latter.

Chelidonic Acid [kel-td-on'-ik). See Acid.

Chelidonin [kel-id-o' '-nim [1 landine], l

H,TN,()., - II,< >,orC19H17N< >,. A crystalline alkaloid
of celandin [Chelidomum ma/us), of a bitter and acrid
taste, and forming colorless salts with acids. It is not
a very active substance. See Sanguinarin.

Chelidonium [kel-id-o' '-ne-uni) \_xzkt66vurv, celandine].
Celandin. The leaves and stems of C. majus, with
properties due to a number of alkaloids and acids. It
is a drastic cathartic, and externally an irritant, and i-
of service in jaundice, whooping-cough, and catarrhal
pneumonia. Dose of the plant gr. x-xxx ; of the
juice rr^v-xx. Unof.

Chelidoxanthin [kel-id-oks-anf -thin) \yt^-^bvwn> , celan-
dine]. ( )ne of the bitter, crystalline constituents of
celandin.

Cheloid (ke/-loid) \_xi'AV, a claw; eliJoc, form]. A raised
or elevated fibroma of the skin ; so called from its fre-
quent claw-shape. See also Keloid.

Cheloma [ke-lo'-tnaK). Same as Keloid.

Chelonin {kel'-on-in). See Balmoiiv.

Chelotomy [ke-lot'-o-me). See Kelotomy.

Chematropism (kem-at'-ro-pizm). See Ckemotropism ,
and Chemotaxi .

Chernic, Chemical [kem'-ik, iem/-ik-al) [xi'LFia,
chemistry]. Of or pertaining to chemistry. C. Black.
See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. Food, compound
syrup of the phosphates, a very complex preparation
used in disorders attended with impaired nutrition. C.
Lung. See Neale 's Lung. C. Pathology, the
chemistry of disease.

Chemico-radical Theory. A theory of the constitution
of the carbon compounds. It is that the object of
organic chemistry is the investigation and isolation of
radicals as the more intimate components of the organic
compounds.

Chemiotaxis, Chimiotaxis {kem'-e-o-taks-is, kim'-e-o-
taks-is). See Chemotaxis.

Chemise, Rectal [she-mis'). A form of sunncal
dressing made of muslin and applied after operations
upon the rectum to control or prevent hemoirha^e.

Chemism [kem'-i&m) [ x>/uein, chemistry]. Chemic
force.

Chemistry (kem'-is-tre) [t^i/f/n, chemistry]. The sci-
ence of the molecular and atomic structure of bodies.

Chemocephalus [kem-o-sefr-al-tis] [ yaum , low ; Kfon/ij,
head]. An individual possessed of a flat head.

Chemosis [ke-mt/sis) [ yi/iiunic. a gaping]. Conjunc-
tival and siib-conjunctival swelling.

CHEMOTACTIC

I 1 1 1 1 : 1< 1 I 'S I (PERATION

Chemotactic chemisl

.\ ] I relating t" i bem-

ix is.
Chemotaxia . Chemiotaxis

ge ].
lular atii ad repulsion. It

is . tituents of tl

- by
1 he quali-

the |'li> ■■■
Chemouc ng] Pertaining

Chemotropism chemistry;

putting to flight]. In
i .1 by |'li. i. | the

over bacteria, or of ba< i
gy, the attraction of leu-
held in solution
in • '.. either positive or negative, (f. Ch

Chenopodium

American Wormseed; tin- fruit of C.

linticum, a plant native to the

Ui due to a volatile oil,

which is I iration used. It is a mild car-

mulant, promoting i tions of the skin

ient anthelmintic
inst tin- round-worm. Dose of the oil n\v-xv.
Cheoplastic | c, to pour; irXaor

and yielding by heat. C. Metal,

mposed "f tin, silver, and bismuth, with a

small t: atimony.

Cherry Ml . hery\. The bark of the com-

. Primus serotina, a mild bitter and tonic,

ntaining tannin. I1 — of fid. ex t. sjss— j. Prunin,

ext. Dose gr. j— iij. C. -Compound,

(lurry-bark 5 viij, lettuce ,^iij,

md 5 ii root ,^i. veratrum viride gss.

-e rt\_\\- - j. Allunof. See also Choke-cherry and

C. -laurel, the European ever-

lerry, Prunus lauro Water distilled

a the same way as dilute by-

/. Hydrocyanic.

Cheselden's Operations. See Operations, Table*

Chest. C, Barrel-, a peculiar formation

of '-d in cases of long-standing em-

ph) f the lun^- ; it is round like a barrel, and

in respiration is lifted vertically instead of being

see Emphysema. C. founder.
C. Sweetbread. See Sweetbread.
Chestnut. C. Extract. See Horse-

C.-wood, a wood used in leather-
rived from the Castanea vesca, and
1 n per cent, of a tannin
illotannic acid. The exii
from 14 to 20 per cent, of tannin, is
lify the color produced by hem-
and for tanning and dyeing.
Chevreul's Test.

Chevron-bone n) [ML., capro, a rafter;

forming a V shaped
tudal portion ol the back-bone of
Is.
Chewstick | Hken, to pierce].

iisis, a popular .
in the Wesl Indie,. It is also u

of the lid.

Cheyne's Operation

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing or Respiration. See

C. Nystagmus, a

variet] of nystagmus in which the oscillations of the

Tracing of Chkyne-Stokes Breathing.

eyeball have a rhythmic variation similar to the rhythm

1 >i 1 be) ne Stokes respiration.
Chian {ki'-an) [\"»\ Chios]. Pertaining to Chios, an

island in the -Kgean Sea. C. Turpentine. See

Terebinthina.
Chiasm, Chiasma [ki'-azm, hi-az'-mah) [ i"<, r, to

make a cross, as an X]. The optic commissure.

Optic Chiasm and Adjacent Parts.

1. Infunclibtilum. 2. Tuber cinereum. j. Corpora albicantia,
"i mammillaria. 4. Cms cerebri. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Middle
cerebellai peduncle. 7. Anterioi pyramid. 8. Decussation.
9. Olivary body. 10. Cray tubercle of Rolando. 11. .\im-
form libers. 12. Superioi extremity of spinal cord. 13, 13.
Denticulate ligament, m. Spinal dura mater. 1=;. Optii
tract. 16. Optic chiasm. 17. -■! nerve, is. 4th nerve.
19. 5th nerve. 20. 6tb nerve. 21. Facial m r 22. Audi-
tory nerve. 23. Nerve ol Wrisberg. 24 Glosso-pbaryn-
geal nerve. 25. Pneumogastrii nerve. 26, 26. Spinal
accessory nerve. 27. Hypoglossal 28 isi cervical pair,
29. 2d cervical pair. 1 vical pair.

Chiastometer (hi-as-tom'-et-er) [ x""1'"' ■ crossed;
pov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
any deviation of the optic axes from parallelism.
Chibou 1 \ Fr. ]. The resin or gum of Bursera

.1 ne, of I lorida and tropii al America ;
it is locally valued in disease- of the lung and kidneys,
d i- used in various plasters and ointments; it is
(ailed also cachibou and archipin. Unof.
Chibret's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

CHICA RED

■-•-:

''HIM -1

Chica Red [che'-kah) [S. Amer.]. See Pigments,
C 'onspectus of

Chick Pea [chikf-pe) [ME., chick-pea]. The plant
( '/,,■> arislinum ; also the pulse derh ed fr< im it ; much
used as an article of food in various countries. Lathy-
>i. m (apparentl) i br ilic a< id poisoning), q. v.,

sometimes results from the too free use "i th
pea as a fi iod.

Chickahominy Fever ^chik-a-hom' -in efe'-ver).
Fever.

Chicken (chik'-en) [ME., chiken, a chicken]. A domes
tic fowl. C. Breast, an abnormally pr inent condi-
tion <>i the sternum and ol thetsternal region; pii;
breast ; it is seen in rhachitic persons, etc. C. Cholera,
See Cholera. C.-fat Clot. A clot of blood consisl
ing largely of fibrin, yellowish in color, and contain-
ing but few red-cells. C.-pox. See I art ella.

Chicle (chik'-l) [S. Amer.]. A gum obtained from the
Achras sapota, a tree of tropical America, and used
as a masticatory.

Chico Red (che'-ko) [S. Amer.]. Same as Chica Red.

Chicory [chik'-or-e) [nixopa, chicory]. Cichorium
intybus, a composite plant of Europe and Asia, natur-
alized and growing in the United States. Its ground-
root is used to adulterate coffee.

Chicot [che'-ko) [Fr.]. Kentucky Coffee Bean. The
seeds of Gymnocladus canadensis. Chicot contains
a volatile oil and a glucosid, and is probably a cere-
brospinal stimulant. It is sometimes used as a sub-
stitute for coffee. Unof.

Chiene's (Johnj Method. A method of locating the
fissure of Rolando. A square piece of paper is folded
once, so as to form a triangle. Either of the two
equal angles is then 450. One free edge is then
folded back so that this angle is bisected, thus form-
ing an angle of 22. 50. The paper is then unfolded at
the first crease, so as to secure an angle of 67.5, the
apex of which is placed ]/2 inch behind the mid-point
between the glabella and the inion,so that the straight
side of the paper corresponds to the middle of the
anterior aspect of the head ; the other margin of the
paper, the fold, corresponds to the fissure of Rolando,
the length of which is about 3^ inches. C.'s Opera-
tion. See Operations, Table of.

Chignon Fungus [shin-yon') [Fr.]. A fungoid dis-
ease of the hair in which oval or roundish masses sur-
round the hair shaft at irregular intervals. It is also
miscalled Chignon gregarine.

Chigoe [chig'-o) [Fr., Chique], Sand-flea; Sarcop-
sylla penetrans , a small parasite of the skin, affecting
usually that portion between the toes and fingers ; also
the red harvest mite, Leptus irritans. It is also
written ckigo, chegoe, ckigga, ckiggre, dagger, jigger.
Sec Parasites [Animal), Table of .

Chilblain [ckil'-blan) [AS., cele, cold ; blegan, to boil].
Pernio; Erythema pernio. An erythematous local
inflammation and swelling of the skin, due to cold.
It is most common in the young of lymphatic con-ti
tution. The symptoms are an eruption of circular,
raised erythematous spots, attended with severe itch-
ing or. burning ; later, bullae may form, and these may
lead to ulceration.

Child [child) [ME., child: pi., Children}. A young
person. C.-bed, the popular term for the condition
of a woman during and after labor. C.-bed Fever.
See Puerperal Fever. C. -birth, parturition. C-
crowing, the crowing sound of the respiration that
characterizes Laryngismus stridulus, q. v. C.-hood,
the age of childishness ; the period before puberty.
C. -murder. See Infanticide. Children's Diseases.
See Pediatrics.

Chile {chil'-e). See Capsicum.

Chili Saltpeter. See S,;lua>:.

Chilitis [kll-i'-tis) [t</<». lip]. Inflammation of a lip.

Chill [chil) [ME., chil]. A sensation <A ''.Id a<
panied by shivering, usually appearing shortly after
exposure to '"Id or wet. It is frequently the initial
symptom of grave acul pneumonia,

etc. It is a prominenl symptom of various form- '.I
malarial fever.

Chilli (chil'-e). im and African Peppt

Chills and Fever. A popular term for intermittent
fever.

Chilo-angioscope [ki-lo-an' -je-o-skbp) [ lip ;

'i. vessel; , to look]. An apparatu- for

observing the circulation of the blood in the human
lip.

Chilocace [kil-ok'-as-e) \xzXko$, lip; wk6c, evil] A
linn, reddish swelling of the lip in scrofulous children.

Chiloglossa [ki'-lo-glos-ak) [^eZAoc, lip; ;/•
tongue]. In biology, tin- anterior lip, or the mem-
branous protuberance that lies in front of the mandibles
and is continued under these in certain arthropods.

Chilogramma {hi -lo-gram' -mah \ I nun,

a mark : pi., Chilogrammata]. Jadelot's labial line.
See Lines, fade!.

Chiloma [ki-lo'-mah ) [xf''"-'"n> a lip]. In biology, a
projecting thickened upper lip — as in the camel.

Chiloplasty ( hi' ' -lo-plas-te) [^eZAoc, lip; nXaaaea
form]. Any plastic operation upon the lip.

Chilorrhagia [ki-lor-a'-je-ak) [xe'ikoq, lip ;
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the lips.

Chiloschisis {hi-los' kis-is) [xri'/'ic, lip ; - . a split].

Hare-lip.

Chimaphila [ki-maf -il-ah) \_\nun, winter:

loving], Pipsissewa, Prince's Pine ; the leaves of C
umbellata, an evergreen found in the I'. S , an astrin-
gent tonic and excellent diuretic. The bruised leaves
are used as a rubefacient. It is valuable in dropsy,
several forms of kidney disease, and for affection- of
the urinary passages. C, Fid. Ext. Dose ^ss-ij.
C, Decoctum. 1 to 17. Dose §j-iij. Unof.

Chimaphilin [ki-maf ' -il-in) [^e2//a, winter ;

loving]. A precipitate from the tincture of Chin/-, phi/a
umbellata, used in cancers; it is a diuretic, discutient,
and alterative. Dose two to three grains. Unof.

Chimiotaxis [kim-e-o-taks'-is). See Chemotaxis.

Chimiotetic (kim-e-o-tet'-ik). See Chemotactic.

Chimney-sweep's Cancer. Cancer of the scrotum,
formerly not uncommon among chimney-sweepers.

Chin [ME., chin]. The mentum ; the lower part
of the face, at or near the symphysis of the lower
jaw. C, Double. See Buccnla. C. -cough, whoop-
ing-cough. C.-jerk. See faw-jerk, and Reflexes,
Table of. C. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of

China {'kin' -ah, or ke'-nah) [Sp.]. Same as Cinchona.

China (i hi' nah) [Pers., Chlnl, China]. A country of
Asia. C.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C-
clay. SeePigm .'us of C. -grass, Ramie;

a soft, silky vegetable substance used as a siir
gical dressing; the fiber of Bahmeria nivea. C-
root, the rhizome of Smilax china, a plant of Eastern
Asia; it is used a. a substitute for true sarsaparilla.
Unof. C.-root, False, the plant SmilaA pseudo-
china of X. America. Unof. C. -white. Same as
White Lead.

Chinese (chi-nes', or -nSz) [Pers.. Chin/, China]. Per-
taining or belonging to China. C. Catarrh.
Synonym of Influenza. C. Foot, a deformed and
undeveloped foot due to atrophy from compression. It
is a popular fashion among < Chinese ladies. C. Green.
See Pigmen C. Red. Same as I

milion. C. Twist, a name given to a variety of
silk-thread used in surgerv. C. Wax, Insect Wax ; a

CHINOIDIN

CHLORAL

sui ipon

the It is a white, line,

1 brittle wax, ti in app

: it fuses .it
e m aU. >hol and
eth 'die

ma - C. White. C.

Yellow.
Chinoidin, 01 Chinoidinum •'/"'•

////;i [Sp., ;>- A mixtun

i the manufai tin
. mn. I- rties of quinin.

Chinolin S > and Quinolin.

Chinolina quinin], <',,H.\.

alkaloidal derivativeof quinin

.'. tar. It i- now

lilin or nitro benzol

tnd .1 dehydrating agent. It is a valu-

ab d i- useful in pneu-

lt is commonly

• the tarl ause of the deli-

injij to x ; of the

Chinovin uinin], C^HjgOg. A

i in im (
Chinwhelk \m of / tis.

Chiococc.i - v . kkoc, aberry].

See Cahin

Chionanthin . snow; avdoc, a

A pr from the tincture of the root-

niana ; it i- an aperient,

diuretic, tunic, and narcotic. Dose I to 3 grains.

I '!

Chionanthus \anf-thus) \_\h'jv, snow; avdog, a

'■it]. A - and shrubs. C.

virginiana. frii ;on-ash. The root is

a vulnerary. See als< I nof.

Chionyphe ki-on'-if-e) [%un>t snow; wpfi, a texture].

A [ C. carteri, a parasitic fungus,

itly the cause of the disease known as Fungus

Chip Blower (. h <p A warm air blowpipe.

Chiragra », the hand; aypa, a seiz-

ure in the hand.

Chirarthritis [ki-rar-thri'-tis] [t"/>. hand; apdpov, a
joint; inr, inflammation]. Rheumatism or arthritis
of the hand.
Chirata ke-ra'-tah, or che-raf -taK) [Hind., chira

nan]. Chiretta. The entire plant,
resembles gentian in its thera
- and is an excellent tonic. It 1
tain any tannin. Dose of the powdered plant
C., Fid. Ext., in glycerin and alcohol.
Dose >V'. ■. ... C., Infusum (B. P. Dose a
wii C, Tinct., ten per cent, in strength.

~;
Chiratin [Hind., chirSelS, a species of

\ light yellow, crystalline,

•1 from Chirata.
Chiretta hirata.

Chirettin | 1 1 in.l . . , kiraetd, a species of gen-

A : from the tincture of

chii

Chirismus [ki-i , handling]. 1.

■i ; a kii 2. Spasm of the

hai

Chiromancy - Palmistry.

Chiropelvimeter [ %eip, the hand ;

\n instrun
■ the pelvis.
Chiropodist ., hand ; -•■

]• A « iionally treats

diseases of the bands and feet, especially corns, bun-
ion-, etc.

Chiro-Pompholyx [ki-ro-pom' -fo-liks) [p/-. hand;
uf, buster], Dysidrosis; pompholyx; an ill-
defined, inflammatory skin disease confined to the
hands and feet, and characterized by the development
of peculiar vesicles or bleb-, arranged in group-,.
They are deeply seated and distributed chiefly on the
soles ami palms and sides of the fingers. Itching,
burning, pain, and stiffness are present. The disease
is common in neurotic women in the prime of life; it
is almost invariably recurrent, and is rare in winter.

Chirurgeon [ki-rer^-j^n) [p .a surgeon], A

surgeon.

Chirurgia {hi-rer* -je-a/l) [ r ',"• hand; . work].

Surgery.

Chirurgical {ki-rert -jik-al ) [. 0, surgery], Pei

t. lining to surgery.

Chirurgien Dentiste {ki-rer* -je-en den-tisP) [Fr.].
Surgeon-dentist.

Chisel Cramp \chizf -el-kramp') . See Cramp.

Chitin (ki'-tin) [,y/7iJr, a tunic]. 1 , 1 I ,, \ ,< >,,, I li •
substance composing the chief part of the exoskeleton
of many invertebrates, as crabs, lobsters, etc. It is the
animal analogue of the cellulose of plants. When heated
with concentrated He '1 it is decomposed into glycosamin
1 acetic acid. Glycosamin (C6H18N05) , crystallizes
from alcohol in line needles, is dextro-rotatory, and re-
duces Fehling's fluid to the same extent as does dex-
trose, but is not fermentable. C. Substance, a gela-
tinous substance found in hydatid cysts.

Chittim Bark [chW-im bark). See Cascara Sagrada.

Chlamydate [klamf -id-ai) [\/aui>c, a mantle]. In
biology, provided with a pallium or mantle.

Chlamydeous {klam-id'-e-us) \_x%nnvc, a mantle].
In biology, pertaining to the floral envelops.

Chlamydospore [klam/-id-o-spor) [\'/anir, mantle;
tT7ro id, seed]. In biology, applied to a spore having
its own protective envelop.

Chloasma (klo-az'-mah) [\/i><'i~tn\ to be pale-green].
Mi lanoderma; melasma; a condition characterized by
dyschromia of the skin of various sizes and shape-.
and of a yellow, brown, and black color. They occur
chiefly u| k »n the face, and are idiopathic or symptomatic
in character. An old name' for Tinea versicolor. C.
hepaticum, Liver-spots; a form following dyspepsia
and popularly associated with hepatic disturbance. C.
phthisicorum, the brown patches upon the skin of tin-
forehead or upper portions of the cheeks in tuberculous
patients. C. uterinum, chiefly located on the fore
head, temples, cheeks, nipples, and median line of
abdomen. They are marked during pregnancy, and
often during menstruation.

Chloracetic Acid [klo ras-e'-tik). See Acid.

Chloral {klo'-ral) \cklorin ; aldehyd\ C2C1,H0. A
pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The name is often
misapplied to chloral hydrate. C. Butylicum, Butyl-
Chloral Hydrate (15. P.), croton-chloral, < ,1 1 < l,< >,-
II ,< », a solid occurring in crystalline scales, resembling
( Moral hydrate, but made with but vl. ',11,,, a- a base,
instead of ethyl. < .11,. lis properties are parallel to
those of chloral, but are much feebler. I lose gr. v-xx
in syrup. Syrupus Butyl-Chloral, 16 -rain- to the
ounce. Dose Z}— iv. L'nof. C. Hydrate, a colorless,
crystalline solid having the composition C2HC1„(H0),,
the hydrate of chloral. It is a powerful hypnotic, anti-
spasmodic, and depressant to the cerebral, medullary,
i spinal centers, and, to a limited extent, is an
anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers accompanied
by cerebral excitement, in chorea, convulsions, and
all affections requiring a cerebral depressant, and is
excellent in delirium tremens, but should be used with

CHLORALAMID

289

< III < IROMA

great caution. Dose gr. v-xx ; smaller if combined

with potassium or sodium bromid. C, Syrupus

(B.P.). Dose gss-ij. C.-urethane. See Uraliutn.

Chloralamid^hlo-ral-am'-id^chloral; amid'], < '< 1 tCH-

^NHCHO' ^ name inaptly applied to chloral for-

mamidate. In doses of 30 to 45 grains it is a hypnotic.
Chloralid {klo'-ml-id ) [chloral], C5H2< lg0 ' \. sub-
stance obtained when trichlorlactic acid is heated to
1500, with an excess of chloral; it crystallizes from

alcohol and ether in large prisms, is insoluble in
water, and melts at from II40 to 1150 ; it boils at from
2720 to 2730.

Chloralimid {Mo-raP '-im-id ') [chloral; imid], C('l.,.-
( 11X11. A hypnotic allied to chloral, soluble in
alcohol. Dose same as that of chloral hydrate. Unof.

Chloralism (klo> '-ral-izm) [chloral], I. Chloral-
poisoning ; the morbid state caused by the injudicious
use nf chloral. 2. The habit of using chloral.

Chloralize (klo/-ral-lz) [chloral]. To put under the in-
fluence of chloral.

Chloralose [kl^-ral-os) [chloral ; glucose]. Anhydro-
glycochloral ; a product of the action of anhydrous
chloral upon glucose.

Chloramyl [klo'-ram-il). See Anesthetic.

Chloranemia [klo-ran-e' '-me-ah). Synonym of Chlo-
rosis.

Chloranil {klor -ran-il) [chlorin], C6C1402. A com-
pound obtained from many benzene compounds (anilin,
phenol, isatin) by the action of chlorin or potassium
chlorate and HC1. It consists of bright, golden
1 Lnets, insoluble in water, but soluble in hot alcohol
and ether.

Chlor-anodyne [klor-an' '-o-dlti) [chlorin ; ar priv. ;
<"'< v7], pain]. A proprietary remedy introduced as an
improvement on chlorodyne. It contains morphin
hydrochlorate, tinct. cannab. Ind., chloroform, dilute
hydrocyanic acid, and aromatics. Dose for an adult
mjev. Unof.

Chloranthus {klo-ran' -thus) [\tupoc, yellowish-green;
i(''oc, a flower]. A genus of chloranthaceous plants
of hot climates. C. officinalis, of Java, is a valuable
febrifuge and anti-spasmodic. Unof.

Chlorate [Mo' -rat) [chlorin]. Any salt of chloric acid.
See Potassii chloras; Sodii chloras, etc.

Chloremia {klo-ref-me-aK)[%kup6q, green ; auta, blood].
A blood-disorder, either idiopathic or associated with
other ailments, consisting in a diminution of the per-
centage of the hemoglobin and a decrease in the
number of red blood-corpuscles.

Chlorethyl (k/o-reth'-il). See Ethyl chlorid.

Chloric (klo'-rik) [chlorin]. Pertaining to or contain-
ing chlorin. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Ether. 1.
See Ethyl chlorid. 2. See Spiritus Chloroformi.

Chlorid {klo'-rid) [chlorin]. In chemistry, a binary
compound, one of the elements of which is chlorin.
C. of Iron Test. See Tests, Table of. C. cf
Methyl. See Anesthetic. Chlorids, Test for. See
Tests, Table of.

Chlorin, or Chlorine {klo/-rin) [x?uop6c, green]. CI
== 35-5 5 quantivalence 1. A non-metallic element.
At ordinary temperatures it is a greenish-yellow gas,
prepared by decomposing sodium chlorid, NaCl. It
is highly irritative to the skin and mucous membranes,
producing spasmodic closure of the glottis. It is the
most valuable of disinfectants. Chlori, Aqua, C,
Liquor (B. P.), chlorin water, contains 4 per cent, of
the gas in solution. It is a good antiseptic wash.
Dose, internally, n^x-xxx. Calx Chlorinata,
"chlorid of lime," a hypochlorite of calcium contain-
ing free chlorin; a valuable disinfectant. Dose, in-
ternally, gr. iij-vj. Calx Chlorat, Liq. (P. B . con-

19

tains I pound of the salt per gallon of water. Sodiun
Chlorat., Liq., Labarraque's Solution, sodium carbon
ate 10, calx chlorinata 8, water ad 100. Dose n\ x-

t^ j in 20 parts of water. Chlorin Vapor 1 1;. I

d for inhalation. C. -Hunger, the condition of the
body when chlorin (usually in the form of common
-ill 1 is lacking. Among the immediate results of this
deficiency are u in and albuminuria.

Chloroanemia {klo-ro-an-ef-me-ah). Synonym of
Chi <ro 1 .

Chlorobrom {klo> '-ro-brdm) [chlorin: brotnin]. A
solution each ounce of which contains 30 grains of
chloralamid and potassium bromid. It is a hypnotic.

Chlorocruorin {klo-ro-kru'-or-in) [xXup6q, green;
cruor, blood]. A green respiratory pigment from
the greenish blood of the Sabella.

Chlorodyne {klo/-ro-din) [%kop6q, green; bdinnj, pain].
A proprietary remedy supposed to contain chloroform,
ether, morphin, cannabis Indica, hydrocyanic acid.
and capsicum. The various imitation- differ widely.
It is a good anodyne and narcotic. Dose rt^ x-xx.x.
with care. Unof.

Chloroform {klof -ro-forni) [chloroformum, chloroform :
gen., Chloroformi]. Methyl Terchlorid. CH< 1 . A
heavy, colorless liquid obtained by the action of
chlorinated lime on methyl alcohol. (The commercial
article, C. venale, contains 2 per cent, of impurities
and is unfit for administration.) Administered inter-
nally, chloroform produces narcosis and violent gastro-
enteritis. Chloroform has an agreeable odor and a
sweetish taste. It solidifies in the cold, melts at 710,
boils at 61 °, and its specific gravity is 1. 5 26. It is
excellent in true cholera and in similar diseases of the
stomach and bowels. Externally, it is much employed
as an ingredient of rubefacient and anodyne liniment-.
Mixed with a large per cent, of air and inhaled,
it is one of the most valuable of general anesthetics,
but occasionally (1:3000) causing death by cardiac
paralysis. See Anesthetic. Deep injections in the
vicinity of the sciatic nerve are recommended in
sciatica. C, Alcoholized, a mixture of chloroform
and alcohol. C, Ammoniated, equal part- of am-
monia in alcohol and chloroform ; antipyretic and
anodyne. Unof. C, Aqua. Dose ^ss-ij. C, Lini-
ment, contains chloroform 30, soap-liniment 70. C,
Liniment., Comp., contains chloroform ^j, oil of
turpentine 3J, tincture of opium 3 iv, tincture of aco-
nite 3 ij. Unof. C, Emulsum, chloroform 4, ex-
pressed oil of almond 6, tragacanth 1.5, water q. s.
Dose .^j-.^ij. C, Spt., pure chloroform 6, alcohol
94 parts. DosenUx-^j. Tinct. chloroformi etmor-
phinae (B. P.), a substitute for chlorodyne. Each dose
of ten minims contains chloroform TTL I '+ , ether
Vf\,'$, alcohol TTLI1^, morphin hydrochlorate gr
dilute hydrocyanic acid n\^, oil of peppermint
TTLj'jj, fluid extract of licorice rt^i '+ , treacle and
syrup q.s. Tinct. C. Comp. (B.P.), chloroform 2,
alcohol 8, comp. tinct. of cardamon 10. Dose
rr.xx--j.

Chloroformism {klo1 ' -ro-for-mizm) [chloroformum,
chloroform]. I. The use of chloroform to excess
for its narcotic effect. 2. The symptoms produced by
this use of the drug.

Chlorolymphoma ( klo-ro-Kmf-of-maK) [xAupig, green ;
lympha, water; dun, a tumor]. Another name for
chloroma; it is thought by some to be a variety of
lymphoma, from its containing lymphocytes.

Chloroma (k!o-ro'-mah\ [xku>p6q, yellowish-green ; Luc,
a tumor: pi., Chloromata], " Green cancer'"; a rare
variety of sarcoma, of a greenish tint, usually seated
upon the periosteum of the bones of the head, or uoon
the dura.

CHLORI >M IK' »B1 SZI \1

lIloI.KCVSroKRAI'HV

Chloronitrobenzene

i»]. I 'Hf of the inj
dients of A
Chlorophane

A yellowish-green chromopbane. See

Chlorophyl ' '" • 'l'al ]•

A in the chlorophyl -granules

in all t nts. W ax and other sub-

: i it It- i onstitution 1- not
aii. It i> tfa ice b) «

rmed in . uit.-.

Chlorophyllu:-. '"' -

tained from fresh grass by ex-
the hater with boiling absolute alcohol. It
is that melt at no0 C. to a black liquid,
n further heating burns with a luminous flame.
hi- luble in ether, benzol, and chloroform.

Chloroplastid , green; n'Aaa-

■: mold]. In biology, a chlorophyl-
ule Applied by Lankes olorophyl-bearing

n in Hydra viridi . Probably tlie.se are
tive glands comparable to the
Amphioxus.
Chlorosarcoma {klo-ro-sar-ko/-mah). See Chloroma.
Chlorosis [klo-rt/ -sis) [ i . green]. The " green

iung women, associated with
ini.i and menstrual abnormality, usually suppression.
It l- the most common form of idiopathic anemia. It
t- i ntary life and poor hygiene. The

lows a marked deficiency in hemoglobin, with
in the number of red corpuscles,
ther with an increase in its watery elements. The
• do not seem to suffer from any interference
with the general nutrition; in fact, there is often a ten-
dency to the accumulation of fat in the tissues. There
is present well-marked neurasthenia, with, at times,
hysterical manifestations. There ran always be heard
Ac bruit at the base of the heart and in the
no in nature. The bowels are constipated,
and there may be some fever. C. pituitosis. Syno-
,i of Enteritis, Pseudo-membranous. C. rubra,
if chlorosis of moderate grade, with a reddish
tint of the cheeks, especially on exertion.
Chlorotic f-ik) [t --]. Relating

A person affected by chlorosis.

Chlorozone green ; breiv, to

111. A yellow liquid assumed to be a mixture of

chlonn and il is formed by passing nascent

■rin through caustic soda; its composition is not

known. It i- a strong bleaching-agent and disinfec-

Chlorphenol \6g, green . . pur-

,. C6H4C1.0H. Monochlorphenol, a sub-

I of marked antiseptic and antituber-

culoti. pro] It i- strongly recommended for

inhalati iratory passages.

Chlorun. green: gen.,Chlori\ The

il chlorin. See Chlorin.
Choana . funnel: />/., Choana]. A

funi A name applied to the posterior

Choanocyte . ,,, a funnel; kvtoq , a

)■ In b ell.

Choanosome a funnel; crufia,

Hi. m of the cavity of a
Us.'
Chocolate /„//,

red from the powder
with varii ilaginous

2. A b r< pan d

iusly

compounded and flavored, containing some proportion
of the i iregoing paste ; sometimes medicated, as with
cinchona, scammony, or magnesia. C, African.
See fi'ti.

Choke ichdk) [ME., < hok «, to choke]. To suffocate ;
to prevent the access of air to the lung- by compres-
sing or obstructing the trachea. C cherry, the
fruit of Prunus (Cei giniana, not the /'. vir-

giniana of the pharmacopeia; common in the I'. S.
It is antispasmodic, tonic, and slightly astringent.
Cerasin is a concentrated extract. I >ose gr. ij-viij.
(Jnof. C.-damp, a name given by miners to car
bonic acid gas. Called also Black-damp.

Choked Disc [chbkd disk). See Papillitis.

Choking (chok'-ing) \WLE..,choken, to choke]. Partial
or complete suffocation, whether by the lodgment ..|
food, or any foreign body in the larynx, trachea, phar-
ynx, or esophagus, or by the inhalation of any irres
pirable gas or vapor. C. Distemper, a name applied
in Eastern Pennsylvania to cerebro-spinal meningitis
in the horse.

Cholagogic [kol-ag-og' -ik) [x"/'/7 bile ; ayay6g, carrying
off]. I. Stimulating the flow of bile. 2. A cholagogue.

Cholagogue [kol' -ag-og) [^o/.//, bile ; ayutydg, leading].
Any medicine that promotes the flow of bile; an
agent that is supposed to stimulate the secretion or
excretion of bile.

Oholalic Acid (ko-lal'-ik). See Chaloidinic Acid.

Cholangitis \ko-lan-ji' -tis) \_x(,/'i, bile; ayyelov, a ves
sel]. Inflammation of a bile-duct. It is attended
with ague-like paroxysms, chills, fever, and sweating,
and jaundice of varying intensity.

Cholate {kol'-dt) \_xo/>l, bile]. Any salt of cholic acid.

Choleate (kol'-e-at) [^o/.//, bile]. Any salt of choleic
acid.

Cholecyanin [kol-e-si'-an-iti). See Bilicyanin.

Cholecyst (kol'-e-sist) \_x°^ht hile ; kvotiq, & bladder].
The gall-bladder.

Cholecystectasia (kol-e-sis-tek-ta'-se-ah) [{<>'",, bile;
kvotiq, a cyst; ihramr, a distention]. Distention or
dilatation < if the gall-bladder.

Cholecystectomy {kol-e-sis-tek' -to-me) [ jo/.//, bile ;
kvotiq, bladder; enro/iy, a cutting off]. Excision' of
the gall-bladder.

Cholecystendysis (kol-e-sis-trn'-dis-is) [x°'-'h bile;
kvotiq, a bladder; evdvoiQ, an entering]. Cholecys-
totomy, q. rr.

Cholecystenterostomy(^£>/-c-5w-^«-/cr-^/-/o-w<') [)«>//,

bile; kvotiq, a bladder; evrtpov, intestine; or6fia, a
mouth]. Incision of the gall-bladder and intestine,
with suture of the intestinal wound to that of the
gall bladder, so as to relieve the effects of obstruction
of the gall-duct by opening a new passage into the
intestine.

Cholecystic [kol-e-sis'-tik) [.\»'/i/, bile; kvotiq, a blad-
der]. Relating to the gall-bladder.

Cholecystitis [kol-e-sis-ti' -tis) [x°Mi bile; kvotiq,
bladder; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
gall-bladder.

Cholecystocolostomy {kol-e-sis-to-ko-losf -to-me) [ \"'t>/,
bile; kvotiq, & bladder; k67mv, the colon; TOfifj, a
cutting]. The surgical establishment of a passage
between the gall bladder and the colon.

Cholecystolithotripsy [kol-e-sis-to-litk'-o-trip-se') [ \">>l,
bile; KVOTIQ, a bladder; TiidoQ, a stone; Tpi/3eiV, to
crush], I he crushing of gall-stones in the gall-bladder.

Cholecystoncus i /v/ , sis-tong* kus)\ xpMi, bile ; kvotiq,
bladdei , a tumor]. A swelling or tumor of

the gall bladder.

Cholecystorrhaphy \kol-e-sist-or'-a-fe) [x°W> bile;
kvotiq, bladder; ,'../.-/,, a seam]. Suture of the gall-
bladder.

UIOLECYSTus-n i.MV

291

l HOLES! EATOMA

Cholecystostomy (kol-e-sis-tos' '-to-me) \ \""i, bile;
KvaTir, a bladder; aropa, mouth]. The surgical
establishment of an opening into the gall-bladder.

Cholecystotomy [kol '-o-me) [,£oA#, bile ; id

bladder ; r&fiveiv, to cut]. Incision of the gall-bladder
to remove gallstones, etc.

Choledoch (/■(^"•r' ,/!'/;•)[ (o/^, lulr ; 6i \taQ<ut to receive].
I. Conducting bile. _>. A l>ile-duct. 3. '1 In- common
bile-duct.

Choledochitis [kol-ed-o-ki' '-tis) [{"'", , bile; dixeodai,
to receive ; ir/r, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
cholcd' ich diK 1 .

Choledocho-duodenostomy [kol-ed-o-ko-du-od-en-osf-
to-me) [i"/'/, bile; 3i 1 ■"''"', to receive; duodeeim,
twelve; otouu, mouth]. The surgical establishment
of a passage between the common bile-duct and the
duodenum.

Choledocho-enterostomy [kol-ed-o-ko-en-ter-os* -to-me)
[X°Mji bile > texi'atifU> to receive ; ivrepov, bowel ;
CTOfta, mouth]. The surgical establishment of a pass
age between the cavity of the choledoch duct and
the small intestine.

Choledocholithotripsy \ kol-ed-o-ko-lith '-o-trip-se) \_\ 0/ /, ,
bile; Jf'^effWa;, to receive; Ai6oq, a stone; rpiJetv, to
rub]. The crushing of a gall-stone in the ductus
choledochus.

Choledochostomy (kol-ed-o-kos' '-to-me) [xd)J), bile ;
<y \ eadat, to receive ; aroua, mouth]. The formation
of a fistula in the gall-duct through the abdominal
wall.

Cboledochotomy (kol-ed-o-kof -o-?ne) [,X"'/>/, bile ;
6i \tatidL, to receive ; Top//, section]. Opening of the
common bile-duct by incision.

Choledochus (kol-ed' -o-kus) \_xohii, bile; dkx^ai, to
receive]. Receiving or holding bile. C, Ductus
Communis, the common excretory duct of the liver
and gall-bladder.

Choledology (kol-ed-ol'-o-je) \_X°^i bile; At) civ, to
speak]. The sum of knowledge concerning -he bile.

Choleic (kol-c'-ik) [xo/.y, bile]. Pertaining to the bile.

Cholein {kol'-e-in) \_xoAy, bile]. A mixture of several
principles of the bile ; a fatty principle found in bile.

Cholelith {kol' -e-litli) [xo/-'/< bile ; 'Aidor, a stone]. A
biliary calculus or gall-stone.

Cholelithiasis (kol-e-Iith-V -as-is) [xo/'l> bile; TJBoq, a
stone]. The presence of, or a condition associated
with, calculi in the gall-bladder or in a gall-duct.

Cholemesis [kol-em'-es-is) [x°^f], bile; epeaig, vomit-
ing]. The vomiting of bile.

Cholemia (ko-le' -me-ah) [^0/.//, bile; atua, blood].
The presence of bile in the blood.

Cholemic 1 ko-le' -mik) [,\'oZ//, bile; alfia, blood]. Re-
lating to cholemia; marked or caused by cholemia.

Cholepyrrhin (kal-e-pir* '-in) [xo/'/> bile; Tvvppog, orange-
colored]. The brown coloring-matter of bile. Also
called Bilcpyrrhin.

Cholera [kol'-er-ah) \j(pKkpa\ from x°^-'h bile]. A
name given to a number of acute diseases charac-
terized mainly by large discharges of fluid material
from the bowels. A synonym of C. asiatica. C.
asiatica, an acute, specific, highly malignant dis-
ease, existing in India and the tropics of Asia
during the entire year, and occasionally spreading
as an epidemic over large areas. It is character-
ized by excessive vomiting, alvine discharges resemb-
ling flocculent rice-water, severe cramps, collapse,
and frequently death. The rate of mortality varies
from 10 to 66 per cent., the average being over
50 per cent. The cause or specific virus is very
generally believed to be the so-called " comma
bacillus" of Koch, which is contained in the rice-
water discharges. Cultures of this germ have in some

instances produced the disease and in others have
failed. The virus, whatever it may be, commonly
gains entrance into I ans of the drink-

ing-water; hence in cases of threatened epidemic,
and during the prevalence of an epidemic the purity
of tin- water-supply should be carefully investigated.
C, Bilious, a form of the disease attended witl
iivt disi barge of bile. C, Chicken, a very fatal epi
demic di ea ol fowls, marked bj tumefaction of the
lymphatic glands, with inllammation and ulceration
of the digestive organs. The symptoms peculiar to
cholera are wanting. C, English. See C. nos-
tras. C, European. Se< ( '., Simple. C. gravior.
Synonym of C. asiatica. C.-hand. a livid, grayish-
blue, corrugated state of the palms of the hand
from immersion in water. It is present in death
from drowning, and is also called " washerwoman's
hand." C, Hog, an infectious disease attacking
swine and characterized by a patchy redness of the
skin, with inflammation and ulceration of the bowels,
enlargement of the abdominal glands, and congestion
of the lungs. C. infantum, the "summer
plaint''' of infants ami young children; an acute dis-
ease occurring in warm weather, and characterized by
gastric pain, vomiting, purgation, fever, and prostra-
tion. The cause of the disease is the prolonged action
of heat, together with errors in diet and hygiene. It
is most common among the poor and in hand-fed
babes. The disease is of short duration, death fre
quently ensuing in three to live days. C. infec -
tiosa. See Cholera asiatica. C. morbus, an acute
catarrhal inllammation of the mucous membrane of
the stomach and intestines, with enteric pain, purging,
vomiting, spasmodic contractions of the muscles, etc.
It is a disease of the heated term and is very similar
to Asiatic cholera in its symptomatology. C. nostras,
also called Engliih Cholera and Cholerine. Same as
C. morbus . C. sicca, a term applied to those cases of
Asiatic cholera in which rice-water liquid is found in
the intestines after death, though none had bi 1 a
voided during life. C, Simple, the diarrhea with
cramps, purging, and collapse, common in the autumn
or late summer. C, Summer. See C. , Simple. C.
Voice, the peculiar whispering voice of those in the
cold stage of cholera.

Choleraic (kol-er-a' '-ik) \_xo'/.tpa, cholera]. Pertaining
to or resembling cholera. C. Diarrhea. See Diar-
rhea.

Choleraphobia (kol-er-af-o' '-be-ah) [jo/i/ja, cholera ; d
priv. ; <p6(3og, fear.] Absence of fear during an epi-
demic of cholera.

Choleraphonia [kol-er-af-o' '-ne-ah) \_\o'/ipa, cholera ;
d priv. ; 0} iv), a voice]. Aphonia occurring during an
attack of cholera.

Choleriform [ko-lcr'-iform) \_\n/.ipn, cholera ; forma,
form]. Resembling or appearing like cholera.

Cholerigenous (kol-er-i/'-eu-us) [10/tpo, cholera;
-/(-, production]. Giving origin to cholera.

Cholerine {kol'-er-in\ [dim. of cholera]. A mild case
of choleraic diarrhea. Also, the initiatory stage of
malignant cholera. Also, the zymotic cause or virus
of cholera. See Cholera nostras.

Choleroid (kol'-er-oid) [ t "/.-/>«. cholera ; u6oq, like].
Resembling cholera; choleriform.

Cholerophobia [kol-er-o-fo1 '-be-ah) \_xoV.kpa, cholera;
<f>6 I ■■ . 1 tr]. Morbid dread of cholera.

Cholerrhagia [kol-er-a' '-je-ah) [ yln,. bile; jtojyvvvai, to
burst forth]. Synonym of Ch /era morbus.

Cholesteatoma (kol-cs-te-at-o' -mah.) \j(pKif, bile (chol-
esterin) ; ore&TO/ia, a sebaceous tumor : //. , Ckolesteat-
omata~\. A tumor containing cells inclosing plat'
cholesterin, and occurring most frequently at the base

. H< ILESTEA 1' 'MAH'i -

( HONDROG1 N

A in con-

dienl oi nervous

the brain, bul y in subcutaneous tissue.

It often in ids, hair-follicles, and

,i -inn u.-
Cholesteatomatous . bile;

imor]. « >f the nature of, per-
iteatoma.
Cholesteremia Cholesterin-

emia

lolesterin

jn ; :.l state . to such

Cholestcnn olid],

■ui B

■
.li. It

talline

It i- quite
■

in rBR1N Crystals.

il i-. levo-rotatory.
Choletelin

ious, soluble, yellow
'■in. It is the final pro-
It i> readily
in alka1.. iroform.

Choleuria , urine].

lile in the urine.
Choleverdin | '-Jin J []■-';, bile; viridis,

in in.
Chohc ■ ]. Pertaining to the bile.

C. Ac. '.. -
Cholin ].< II, \'i. A substance

decomposition of

- name. It is also

■ui in th the supi • and is a pro-

* 1 11 ithin. It i- a colorless

fluid, of oil] ses a strong alkaline

with acid> very deliquescent salts.

It ; It is soluble in alcohol or

It is di m, though closely relate. 1 to,

n C. Group of Ptomaines, four ptomaines —

In, and Muscarin — have been thus

•I. All I ida-

thyl-ammonium hydrate.

Cholochrom- a, color].

:it.
Cholocyst u.

Cholohcmatin , l)ile ; diua,

and in the bile of the ox and
hematin.
Choloidinic Aci 1
Chololith

Chololithiasi holelithiasis.

Chololith.c ,„ ■].

lith.
Cholophen Biliphein.

Cholopoiesis ■ .,:> a

Cholorri

Cholorrhea ,w].

CholosK. I by

Cholotic

Choluria {kol-u' -re-aK) [ \»'n,, Kile ; ovpw, urine}. The
presence of bile, bile-salts, or bile-pigments in the
urine. Also, the gre< nish coloration of the urine.

Chondodendron [kon-do-den'-dron). See Chvndro-

■<■<■>/.
Chondral [kon'-dral) [\<'i'V"".. cartilage]. Cartilagin-
ous ; relating to <>r composed of cardiac
Chondralgia {kon-dral* '-je-ak) [^<ivo/ooc, cartilage;

. | in]. Pain in or about a cartilage.
Chondrectomy [kon drek'-to-me) \_x6vSpOQ, cartil.

, a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a cartil-
age, or of a part of one.
Chondren (ion'-dren) [^wJ/aoc, cartilage]. Belonging

to a cartilage in itself.
Chondrification [kon-drif-ik-a'-shuri) [v'r'V""'. cartil -
, to make-]. The process "I being con-
verted into < artilage ; the state of being chondrified.
Chondrify ikon' -drif-i) [xovfipnc, cartilage ; fieri, to
become]. erl into cartilage; to become car-

tilaginous.
Chondrigen [konr -drij-en) \_x&vSpoq, cartilage :

to produce]. That material of the hyaline cartilage
which on boiling with water becomes chondrin.
Chondrigenous .{kon-driy -en-us) \_\ . cartilage"

. t<> produce]. Producing chondrin; relating
; tilage that has not hardened.
Chondriglucose {kon-dre-glu' -kos) [ V''''V"f- cartilage ;
;/iu'', sweet], A material formed by boiling i
tilage with mineral acids. It has a sweet taste and the
erties of glu<
Chondrin .' .cartilage]. A substance

obtained from the matrix of hyaline cartilage by boil-
ing. It resembles gelatin in general properties, Kut
differs from it in not being precipitated by tannic acid.
The substance yielding it is chondrigen, probably an
anhydrid. See also Glue.
Chondritis (kon-drir -lis) [x6vdpor, cartilage; trie, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of a cartilage.
Chondroblast [konf -dro-blast) [v''r'V"r> cartilage;

rm], A cell of developing cartilage.
Chondroclasis [kon-drok' -las-is) [ v''"''V'"f. cartilage;

s/i'in/r, fracture]. The crushing of a cartilage.
Chondroclast {kon'-dro-klast) [r"'V"r> cartil.

■■'.", to break]. A cell supposed to be concerned
in the absorption of cartilage.
Chondrocostal [kon-dro-kos* -tal\ [^vdpof , cartilage ;
casta, a rib]. Relating to the ribs and their
cartilages.
Chondrodendron [kon-dro-den'-drori) [ car-

tilage ; 6ev6pov, a tree]. A genus of S. American
menispermaceous climbing-plants. C. glaberrimum
and C. tomentosum are among the plants that
furnish Pareira brava.
Chondrodynia [kon-dro-din1 '-e-afi) [xi,1"^f>°C, cartilage ,

tin]. Pain in a cartil
Chondrodystrophia \kon-dro-dis-trof -fe-aJt) [ k/JwJ/mjj
cartilage; cJuf, bad; TptfeiV, to nourish]. I'Vt.y
rhachitis.
Chondroepiphysis (kon-dro-e-pif '-is-is) \ carti-

lage; , an outgrowth]. A cartilage thai

tined to become an epiphysis ; anepiphysis that has
been devi li ipi d from cartilage.
Chondrofibroma [kon-dro-Ji-bro1 '-niah poc, carti-

•. a a tumor: pi. , Chondrofibro-

'//]. Chondroma with fibromatous elemei
Chondrofibromatous [kon-dro-fi-br(/-mat-t4s) [ r/rfwTpoc,
• ; fibra, a fiber ; Ifia, a tumor]. « )f the na-
ture ndrofibron

Chondrogen (kon' -dro-jeti) [;f(5v<Jpoc, cartilage ;

|. i. See Chondrigen. 2. A substance
found in fetal and early life, forming a part of the tis-
of imperfectly developed cartil

CHONDROGENESIS

293

CHI IREIC

Chondrogenesis >.-' [ rlpoc, cartil

ykvtmq, formation]. The formation ol cartila

Chondrogenetic [kon-dro-jen-eP -H | i irtilage;

yiveoif, formation]. Forming cartilage; relating
chondrogenesis.

Chondrogenous [kon-droj' -en-ns) [ i irtilage;

ytvECiq, production]. (Jf the nature of chondroLv
producing cartila

Chondroglucose {kon-dro ioc, cartil

VKvg, sweet]. One of the glucoses. See Card
droit and Glucose.

Chondrography {kon-drog/ -ra-fe) \yd ■ .irtilage;

ypatpetv, to write]. An anatomic description of the
cartilages.

Chondroid (kon'-droid) \_\ cartilage; cIJoc,

form]. Resembling cartilage.

Chondrology [kon-droP -o-je) \j(6v8poq, cartilage ; /•
science]. The science of cartilages.

Chondroma {kon-dro' -malt) \x6v6poq, cartilage; bna,
tumor]. A cartilaginous tumor. See Enchondroma.

Chondromalacia (kon-dro-mal-a' '-se-ah\ \j(6v6poc, car-
tilage; [la/.ania, softening]. Softening of a cartilage.
C. auris. Same as Hematoma our;-.

Chondromalacosis {kon-dro-mal-ak-o' 'sis). See Chon-
dromalacia.

Chondromatous [kon-drom'-at-us) [;r;<5v<Jpoc, cartilage ;
dfta, a tumor]. Relating to or of the nature of cartilage.

Chondro-myxoma(/v)i/-(/;o-w//'.t-(/-WM//) [ x^vdpoc, car-
tilage ; i'i;n, mucus; bun, a tumor: pi., Chondro-
myxomataX. A chondroma with myxomatous ele-
ments.

Chondrosarcoma {kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) [xbvSpoz, car-
tilage ; oapnu/ia, sarcoma: //., Chondrosarcomata~\.
A cartilaginous and sarcomatous tumor.

Chondrosarcomatous {kon-dro-sar-komf -at-us) \_X"V~
Jpoc, cartilage ; aapKio/ta, sarcoma]. Relating to chon-
drosarcoma.

Chondrosis {kon-dro' -sis) [x'^'^C'C, cartilage]. For-
mation of cartilage.

Chondrosteous {kon-dros'-le-us) [^<5vdpoc, cartilage;
bariov, bone]. In biology, having a cartilaginous
skeleton.

Chondrotome {kon'-dro-toni) [xbvdpoc, cartilage ; touoc;,
cutting]. An instrument for cutting cartilage.

Chondrotomy (kon-drol' -o-me) [jowfywc, cartilage;
r i!ti\ to cut]. The dissection or surgical division
of a cartilage, or the anatomic analysis of a cartilage.

Chondrus (kon'-drus) [_X^V^P'K> a grain> cartilage].
I. Iri^h Moss. The substance of the algae C. crispus
and Gigartina mamillosa. These yield, on boiling with
water, a soluble colloid consisting mainly of mucilage.
This is demulcent and somewhat nutrient, and is
sometimes used in making blanc tnange. Dose indefi-
nite. Unof. See CarragJiecn. 2. A cartilage ; the
ensiform cartilage.

Chopart's Amputation. See Operations, Table of. C.
Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Chopping (chop/ -ing). See Percussion.

Chorda (kor' -(tah)[L. ,acord : pl.,C/iorda~\. A cord, ten-
don, or filament of nerve. C. caudalis, the urochord.
C. dorsalis. See A'oloc/iord. C. spinalis, the
spinal cord. C. tendineae, the tendinous strings
connecting the columns cornea of the heart with the
auriculo-ventricular valves. C. tympani, a filament
of the Vidian nerve that enters the tympanum. C.
umbilicalis, the umbilical cord. C. vertebralis, the
notochord ; the spinal cord. C. vocalis, one of the
vocal bands or thyro-arytenoid ligaments.

Chordal {kor'-dal) [chorda, a cord]. Relating to a
chorda, especially to the notochord.

Chordapsus {kor-dap'-sus) [xop^'i, an intestine ; airretv,
to tie up]. Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh.

Chordee (kor-dc') [x"i><*";, a cord]. A symptom of
gonorrhea consisting of painful erection and down-
n ard < tin ature i >i the penis.

Chorditis (kor-d'd •tis} [;ropc$//, a cord ; tnc, inflamma-
tion], Inflammation of the vocal bands. C. tuber-
osa, a localized thickening on the vocal bands,
often bilateral, and situated at the junction of
posterior two-thirds with the anterior third.

Chordotonal ! .

tone]. In biology, applied to sense-organs or
parts of arthropods that are responsive to sound-
vibratii >

Chorea ' ill) [xopeia, dancing]. St. Yitus's

dance. A functional nervous disorder, usually occur-
ring in youth, characterized by spasmodic and con-
vulsive contraction and non-rhythmic action of the
muscles of the extremities, face, etc. The action of
the heart is irregular, and in a large number of i
a systolic murmur is present. Rheumatism is a fre-
quent complication. Chorea may be caused by a
number of conditions, among which are fright and
reflex irritations, but it is essentially a disease of the
later period of childhood, and affects girls about three
times as frequently as boys. Occasionally it is seen
in the adult, and may become a serious complication
of pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus
and mother. When it occurs late in life it generally
resists treatment. C, Automatic, an affection in
which paroxysms of apparently purposive actions
occur independently of the will, as the result of an
impulse that arises spontaneously or that occurs in
response to a stimulus received from without. C,
Buttonmaker's, a form of chorea in girls empl<
in button-mills, the result of application at their trade.
The fingers move involuntarily when not at work,
following the same motions as when guiding the
procession of buttons. It is due to an erethism of
the centers in the brain for the hands and fingers.
C, Chronic. See C. , Huntingdon s. C, Electric.
See Dnbini s Discus:. C, Epidemic, dancing mania.
See Choromania. C. festinans. See Paralysi
tans. C. germanorum, a term for the major form of
chorea. C. -habit. See Spasm. C, Hereditary.
SeeC , Huntingdon's. C, Hysterical. See C. , Major.
C, Huntingdon's, an affection frequently hereditary,
of adult or middle life, characterized by irregular
movements, disturbance of speech, and gradual de-
mentia. It was first described by Huntingdon, a
physician of Long Island, U. S. C. insaniens,
maniacal chorea ; a grave form of chorea usually seen
in adult women, and associated with maniacal symp-
toms. This may develop from the ordinary form, and
usually ends fatally. It may develop during preg-
nancy. C, Maniacal. See C. insaniens. C, Major,
the hysterical chorea of the French, in which there
are regular oscillatory movements of the parts. C,
Mimetic, that which is caused by imitation. C,
Minor, simple chorea. C. oscillatoria is marked by
more or less regular oscillations of the head, trunk, or
limbs. C, Post-hemiplegic. S is. C

Post-paralytic, a form of involuntary movement seen
in patients after an attack of hemiplegia. C, Rhyth-
mic. See C, Major. C, Rotatory, a hysterical form
associated with rhythmic movements ol the 1
or head. C, School-made, chorea resulting from
overstimulation of children at school by parents and
teachers. C. scriptorum. See Cram
C, Senile. See Paralysis agitans. C. spastica.
See /' Infantile Spasmodic. C, Syden-

ham's, ordinary chorea.

Choreic '-ik) [xopeia, dancing]. Relating to, of

the nature of, or aftected with, chorea.

CHOREU i IRM

294

i IlkoMATnl'SKlDOPSIS

Choreifonn . dancing; forma,

form]. Resembling ch< n
Choremania t, dancing;

madness]. Synonym I
Choreoid • like].

Pertain milai to

reomanu mia.

Chorial ilil'-

Chohob! , skin ;

of growth of
the corium :r tissue.

Chorio capillars | ■ skin ;

pillaries over the
inn f the eye. See

Choriocele :-u] '•

A hernial protrusion "I' the choroid

Chorioid

Chorioidal

Chorioideremia See Choroi-

Chorioidiritis See Choroido-iritis.

Chorioiditis See Ch litis.

Chorioido-retinitis * ' -o-ret-in-i' -tis). See

nitis.

Chorion n . fetal membrane]. The

nl meml formed from the

rnal layer of the non-germinal epiblast. The

tween tin- amnion and the decidiue

C. , Cystic Degeneration of, a

rare myxom seaseof the chorion, producing the

It is characterized by

id increase in the size of the uterus, hemorrhage,

ginning during the second month of

[,r. j and the discharge of small cysts, whitish in

ap; . surrounded by bloody clots. These cysts

vary in size from a pin's head to a filbert. C. leve,

the m-villous portion of the chorion. C,

Primitive, membrane (or Zonapellucidd)

during tin- time of the development of the hollow,

villi upon its surface. C, Shaggy, or C.

frondosum, the part covered by villi.

Chorionic . the chorion]. Relat-

lorion.
Chorionitis i'-tis). ~ roderma.

Choripetalous c, asunder ;

• ]. In biology, applied to a corolla wi

Chorisi1- , a separation]. Inbiology,

two or more members when but
ted ; a doubling.
Choroid . the chorion ; eWoc, like-

ular tunic of the eye, con-
tinuous with the iri- in front and lying between the
1 the retina, C. Plexus, a vascular plexus
in the i of tin- brain. C. Sulcus (of

Schwalbe . . tre of. C. Vein.

in.
Choroidal ■//.

Choroideremia >piov, the cho-

; ! Absi

pithelium of the

Choroiditis he chorion ; irir,

l hoi'. id coat of

It may 1 < the fo< i of exudation

ng at I ■/■(//,

iacula hn
d by numerous
■id or irregular the fundus;

, when there are isolated

of inflammation scattered over the choroid;

metastatic . when due to embolism ; and suppurah

when proceeding to suppuration. C. serosa. Syno-

n\ in of Glaucoma.

Choroiuo-iritis [ko-roidf-o-i-ri'-tis)[ {6picn>, the chorion;

like; Iptg, th'' rainbow; trig, inflammation].

Inflammation of the choroid and the iri>.

Choroido-retinitis (ko-roid' o ret-in-i' '-tis) \Kbpiav, the
chorion; u6og, like ; retina, the retina; trtc, inflam-
mation]. Choroiditis with retinitis, C.-r., Ametro-
pic, i aused bj ametropia.

Choromania [ko-ro-ma1 '-ne-ah) [^op<5c, a dance ; w
madness], A nervous disorder manifest at various
time- and places, and i i b) dancing or

other rhythmic movements; epidemic chorea; dan-
cing mania.

Chrchtschonovitsch's Method. A method of stain-
ing tissues. See Stains, Table of.

Christian Science (kris'-chan H'-ens). An alleged
system of therapy ; faith-cure, or one form of it.

Christison's Formula. A formula for estimating the
amount of solids in the urine: Multiply the last two
figures oi pecific gravity expressed in tour figures

by 2.33 (or by 2, Trapp ; or by 2.2, LabiscK). This
gives th'-- amount of solids in every iooo parts.

Chromate [kro'-mai] ■ ", color]. Any salt of

chromic acid.

Chromatic [kro-mat'-ik) [xihjiki, color]. Relating to
or possessing color. C. Audition, luminous sensations
aroused by sound. See Photism. C. Gustation.
See Gustati 1:.

Chromatin {kro> '-mat-in) [xf"~>!m> color]. The chro-
matophilous, or tingible portion of the protoplasm,
forming a delicate reticular network or plexus of
librils permeating the achromatin of a typical cell in
process of division. It is called also Karyomiton.
see t 'ell-body.

Chromation [kro-ma' '-shun) [ 1 /'■'ma, color]. The pro-
cess of tingeing or staining.

Chromatism [kro> '-mat-izm) \_xi"'"nTlol"'^ coloring].
I. Abnormal coloration of any tissue. 2. Chromatic
aberration.

Chromatoblast (kro-maf '-o-blast) [jpr7>//a, color;
A'/an-<'n\ a germ]. Same as Chromatopkt

Chromatodysopia (kro-mat-o-dh (/-pe-ah ) [ xpuua,
color; 6vo, ill; bij)i£, vision]. Color-blindni

Chromatogenous ikro-mat-oj' -en-us) [xi"~>!'"t color;
yevvdeiv, to beget]. Producing color.

Chromatology {kro-mat-oF -o-je) [xp&ua, color ; ~/&yog,
science]. The science of colors. Abo the spectro-
scopic investigation of colors.

Chromatopathia [kro-mat-o-pathr-e -ah) [] 'olor;

jr&dog, disease]. Any pigmentary skin-disease; a
chromatosis.

Chromatopathy (kro-mat-op/-a-the). See Chromato-
pathia.

Chromatophile {kro-mat'-o-fil). Same as Chromo-
phil

Chromatophobia [kro-mat-o-fof -be-aK) [xi"-'""- color;
lo{ , dread ]. Abnoi mal fear ol color-..

Chromatophore [kro'-mat o-for) \ ^pu/xa, color; <f>6poc,
bearing]. In biology, (i) one of the contractile pig-
ment-sacs, abundant in the skin of many animals, e.g.,
squid, chameleon ; (2) one of the pigmented marginal
sense-organs of an Actinozoan; " bourse calicinale ,-"
(3) a plastid containing chlorophyl, or oth< r coloring-
matt 1 ; 1 olor-granule, chromoplast, 1 hromoleui ite.

Chromatophorous {kro-mat-off* us) | ^pa/ia, color;
/r, to bear]. Containing pigment or pigment-
< . Us.

Chromatopseudopsis [kro-mat-o-su-dopf-sis) [xt>'~"iai
color; || - '■, false; 6t/wc, sight]. Color-blindness.

CHRMMATOrsiA

295

CHRONIZOOSF IRE

Chromatopsia {Aro-mat-op/-s, ah) [^pw/wi, color ; •■■
vision]. Abnormal sensation of color. It may be
due to disorders of the optic centers, or to drugs,
especially santonin.

Chromatopsy {kro' mat-op-se). See Chromatopsia.

Chromatoptometry (iro-mat-op-tom'-et-re) \_xpupa,
color; dirTeiv, to sec ; » r;i/i, ;i measure]. The test-
ing of the sensibility of the eye with respect to color-
perception.

Chromatoscope [kro-matf -o-skb [;r/pd>pa, color;
OKoKtiv, to observe]. An instrument for determining
the retractive index of colored light.

Chromatoscopy [hro-mat-os/-ho-pe) [^poi^a, color;
OKcmelv, to observe]. The determination of the color
of objects.

Chromatosis (kro-mat-o/-sis) [ \p<~,iim. color]. Pigmen-
tation ; a pathologic process or pigmentary disi
consisting in a deposit of coloring-matter in a locality
where it is usually nut present, or in excessive quan-
titv in regions where pigment normally exists.

Chromatosome [kro-maf '-o-sdtri) [^pdi/zrc, color; cujia,
body]. In bii »logy, the " nuclear rods " of the nucli

Chromaturia [kro-mat-u' '-re-ah) [;fpejpa, color; ovpov,
urine]. Abnormal coloration of the urine.

Chrome {krom) [ \p(.:iui, color]. Chromium, q.v. C-
alum. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. -black.
See Pigments, Conspectus of. C.-carmin. Same as
Clirome-red. C. chlorid. See Pigments, Conspectus
of. C. -garnet. Same as Chrome-red. C. -green. See
Pigments, Conspectus of. C. -orange. Same as Chrome-
red. C.-red, a pigment ; basic lead chromate. See
Pigments, Conspectus of. C. -vermilion. Same as
Chrome-red. C. -yellow, lead chromate, a pigment.
See Chromium, and Pigments, Conspectus of.

Chromesthesia (krom-es-thef-zc-ah) [xpupa, color;
aioOrjaic, perception by the senses]. The association
of colors with words, letters, and sounds.

Chromhidrosis (krom-hid-rc/sis). Same as Chromid-
rosis.

Chromic [kromf-ik) [xP^!La> color]. Pertaining to or
made from chromium. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Acid
Test. See Tests, Table of.

Chromicize (kr& '-mis-iz). To impregnate with chromic
acid.

Chromidrosis [krom-id-ro'-sis) [yp(j//a, color; idpojf,
sweat]. A rare condition of the sweat in which it is
variously colored , being bluish , blackish, reddish, green-
ish, or yellowish. Black sweat (Seborrhea nigricans i
occurs usually in hysterical girls, the part aftected being
the face. It is associated with chronic constipation and
is due to the presence of indican in the sweat. Red
sweat, hematidrosis, may be due to an exudation of
blood into the sweat-glands, or to the presence of a
microorganism in the sweat. See Jl/icrococcus hama-
todes, Babes, under Bacteria. Table of.

Chromium [kro'-me-um) [xP(J"a color]. Cr =52.2;
quanti valence II and IV. One of the elements of
the iron group. The various salts of chromium,
especially chromic acid, Cr2< >;, are much used in the
manufacture of pigments and in dyeing textile fabrics.
All are poisonous. Potassium dichromate (bichromate
of potash), K.,Cr207, is used in various pharmaceutic
and chemic operations. C. -green. Same as Chrome-
green.

Chromocrinia {kro-mo-krin' -e-ah) [ xpajia, color ;
npivsiv, to separate]. The secretion of coloriny-
matter, as in the sweat, etc.

Chromocytometer { kro-mo-si-tom' '-ef-er) [ xp''<"" .
color; kvtoc, cell; uirpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment for estimating the proportion of hemoglobin
present in the blood.

Chromocytometry (kro-mo-si-tom'-et-re) [xp^un^

color; KVTOQ, cell ; uirpov, a. va tsure; v6aog, disea
The estimation of hemoglobin bj means of the
chromocytometi 1 .
Chromodermatosis [kro-mo-der-mat-of -sis) \_XP{
color; 6ipfia, skin]. A skin-disi 1 by

discoloration of the surface.
Chromogen [kro* '-mo-jen) \xpu\M, color; , . pro-

duction]. Any principle of the animal or vegetable
economy which (though it is itself not of any |
nounced color) is susceptible, under suitable circum-
stances, of being changed into a coloring-matter.

Chromogenic (kro-mo-jen'-ik) [ >

luction]. I. Relating to chromogen. 2. Color-
producing.

Chromoleucite (hro-mo-Iu'-slt) [^pw/ta, color; T&vK&q,
white]. Same as Chrom

Chromopare (kr<>' -mo-par) [xpu/ia, color]. In biology,
applied by Beyerinck to those chromogenic bacteria
that excrete the pigment, remaining colorless them-
selves. Cf. Chromophori and Para-chromophor.

Chromophan (kro'-mo-fin) [xpafia, color; (paiveiv, to
appear]. In biology, the pigment of the inner seg-
ments of the retinal cones of certain animals. There
are at least three varieties, chlorophan, rhodophan,
xanthophan. (Ruhnes 1.

Chromophile [kro,-mo-fil\. Same as Chromophil u .

Chromophilous {kro-moff' -il-us) [ \puj.u, color ; <■ /or,
loving]. Readily stained; easily absorbing color;
applied to tissues prepared for microscopic study.

Chromophore (kro' -mo-fur) | , color; tpipetv, to

bear]. In biology, applied by Beyerinck to those
chromogenic bacteria that possess pigment as an
integral part of their organism. Cf. Chromopare and
Para-chromophor.

Chromophytosis {kro-mofi-to'-sis) \ a, color;

(j)vr6v, a plant]. I. Any microscopic plant-growth that
produces a discoloration of the skin in which it grows ;
any pigmentary skin-disease caused by microscopic
vegetation. 2. A synonym of Tinea versicolor, or
Pichstedt' s Disease. See Tinea versicolor, anil Diseases,
Table of.

Chromoplastid, or Chromoplastidule (kro-moflas'-
tid, or kro-mo-plas'-t id-til ') \_xpuim, color; TT/.aooeiv,
to form]. In biology, a pigment-granule imbedded
in the protoplasm of a plant or animal. It is also
called chromoleucite.

Chromopsia {krdm-op'-se-ah). See Chromatopsia.

Chromoptometer [kro-mop-tomr -et-er) [. . <olor;

// rpov, a measure]. A contrivance for determining
the extent of development of color-vision.

Chromosome (krof -mo-sotn) \_xpafia, color; aufia,
bodv]. Any one of the nuclear chromatin-fibrils <>l
a cell. According to some observers there is only one
such fibril in closely intertwined folds. Others say
that the chromosomes are many, and of two varieties,
the fine and the coarse.

Chromostroboscope ( kro-mo-stro' -bo-skop) [ xP<~>"n,
color; crp63or, a twisting; OKOtreiv, to inspect]. A
device for showing the persistence of visual impres-
sions of color.

Chromule {kr</-mul) [xpi'.wn. color; vhj, matter]. In
biology, coloring-matter in plants, especially when not
green, or when liquid.

Chronic {kron'-ik) [;rpdvoc, time]. Long-continued;
of long duration ; slow of progress ; opposed to a
and to subacute.

Chronicity [kro-nis'-it-e) \jxp6voc, time]. state

of being chronic or long-continued.

Chronizoospore [kro-niz-o* '-o-spor) [upoviog, 1

an animal; oiropa, seed]. One of the microzoogoni-
dia or minute zoospores or resting-spores, produced by
the water-net, Hydrodictyon.

CHRi »N( »GR \1*I I

296

i HYLIFICA inkV

Chronograph

write]. An instrument for graphically recording inter
vals of time, in physiologic and psycho-physical
experimi
Chronoscope tin

inspect]. An instrument for measuring extremely

it intcrv.il> of time. C, A-form. an apparatus

introduced by Galton for measuring the time of

.mi psycho-physical reactions. It is so railed

tn its outline, which somewhat resembles that ol

tin- letter A

Chronosteal . time ; bcrriov,

bone]. Relating t" the chronost<
Chronosteor. temporal) ;

. bone]. ["he temporal boi
Chronothermal . ■. [xpAvog , time ; dipfta,

beat] Pertaining to the theory that all diseases are
terized b) if intermitting chill and heat ;

relating to periodicity in changes of bodily tempera-
ture.
Chrobpsia ah) [»""', color; uxptc, sight].

Chrotal Epithelium krt/-t thef-le-um). The

• m.
Chrotic [kro'-tik) [^f/Jwc, the skin]. Relating to the

in.
Chrotoplast [A . in; -'/aaaeiv, to

uj. A -kin-cell ; a dermal or epithelial cell.
Chrymar's Operation. See Operations, Tabic of.
Chrysalis [kris* -al-is) [,y/)W7<5c, gold]. The pupa or
indary stage in the transformation of insects,
called from the golden color of certain chrysa-
lidt
Chrysamin [kris/ -am-in) [\pvauc, gold ; amin\ < '._,,. I 116-
\ ' *4Naj. Plavophenin ; a coal-tar color of the oxy-
ap, used in dyeing. It dye.- on cotton a sulphur-
yellow, remarkably fast to light. See Pigments, Con-
spe
Chrysanilin [kris-an' -il-in) [x(>V(7<>C, gold; anilinl,
II, A MI , ... A body obtained as a by-product
in the manufacture of rosanilin. It crystallizes from
dilute alcohol in golden-yellow needles, melting at
about 26S0. It is used largely as a dye-stuff, yielding
a very beautiful yellow color. See Pigments, Con-

Chrysanisic Acid [kris-ati-is' -ik). See Acid.
Chrysarobin, or Chrysarobinum [kris-ar-of -bin, or
krx num) [ xfivaog, gold; aroba (nat. East

;r^ of a leguminous tree], < \,,I !.,,.< >7. A reduc-
tion-product of chrysophanic acid ; it occurs in goa-
iba-powder. It is a yellow-colored
duct of the decay of Andira araroba,
It 1- a gastro intestinal irritant, and
en applied 1< ically in psoriasis. It
d irk yellowish-brown color, which
in-. d by a weak solution of chimin.

nally.gr. \-\. C, Ung., contains

I bug with 90 per cent, benzoated
lard.

Chrysaurin in) [xpvadg, gold; aurum,

Chrysen. , h„. A hy.

r. It is generally
ndered perfectly colorli

II ' •! or ether ; melts al

and sub-
limes in sib ibil an intense v\

fill"!

Chrysenic Acid

Chrysin , A color

n I Hack
ar.

Chrysoidin [kris-oi'-din) [xpvo6g, gold ; eidog, like].
1. CjjHjN^CI. A coal-tar color used in dyeing, it
is the hydrochlorid of diamidoazobenzene. It consists

ol . I. irk violet crystals soluble in water. It dyes bright-
yellow on >tlk and cotton. See Pigments, Conspt

2. CjHjjOj. A yellow coloring substance found
in asparagus berries.

Chrysoin (kris'-o-in) . See Orange Colors.

Chrysolin [kris'-o-lin) \_\,»-<". gold; oleum, oil],
»'..,,! I, „( I .'.' " Hi'MI. A coal-tar color of the phtha-
lein group, used in dyeing. It is the sodium salt of
benzyl-fluorescein. It produces a yellow color, similar
to that of turmeric, on silk, cotton and wool. See
Pigments, Conspectus of.

Chrysophan \krisf -o-fan) \_xpva6g gold; ipalveiv, to
-how], CigHjgOg. A yellow, crystalline body found
in rhubarb. It has a distinctly bitter taste, is readily
soluble in warm water and diluted alcohol, but insolu-
ble in ether. It is also called Chrysophanin.

Chrysophanic Acid [kris-o-fan' '-ik). See Acid.

Chrysophanin [kris-o-fanf-in). See Crysophan, and
Pigments, Conspectus of.

Ghrysophyl [kris' '-o-fit) \_xpva6g, gold; <f>vA.h)v, a leaf].
Xanthophyl ; a bright golden-yellow crystalline pig-
ment derived from leaves.

Chrysorrhamnin [kris-or-am' '-nin) [xpvoog, gold ; pd/n-
vog, a prickly shrub]. The yellow pigment found in
French berries. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Chthonophagia, or Chthonophagy [thon-o-fa* -je-ah,
or thon-off' -a-je) [ir'wr, earth ; tya^ttv, to eat]. Dirt-
eating ; geophagy.

Churning Sound [churn'-ing sound). A peculiar
splashing-sound like that made by a churn, heard in
the chest in some cases of pleural effusion.

Churrus {churf-us) [Hind. ,charas\. Hemp-resin. See
Cannabis.

Chvostek's Sign. See Tetany ; also Signs and Symp-
toms, Table of.

Chylaceous {ki-la' ' -se-us) \chylus, chyle]. Composed
of chyle.

Chylangioma [ki-lan-je-or-mah)\chylus, chyle; ayyelov,
a vessel]. Retention of chyle in lymphatic vessels
with dilatation of the latter.

Chylaqueous ( kit -a'-kwe-us) [v1''''' • chyle; aqua,
water]. Like water and chyle. C. Fluid, the di
ted food or nutritive lluid in the somatic or periga-tric
cavity of invertebrates; it is never enclosed in dis-
tinct vessels and represents the blood of higher animal-.

Chyle (/•//) [^uA^c, juice]. The milk-white fluid ab-
sorbed by the lacteals during digestion. < >n -landing,
it separates into a thin, jelly-like clot and a substance
identical with serum. C. -corpuscle, any floating cell
of the chyle. These cells resemble, and are probably
identical with, the colorless blood-corpuscles. C-
gland, Cheshire's name for system 11, of the "sali
vary glands "of bees.

Chylidrosis (kll-id-ro'-sis) [ t /■/--«■, chyle ; Idpoo
sweating], Milkiness of the sweat.

Chylifaction [ki /<■-, or kil-if-ak'-shun) \chylus, chyle ;
facere, to make]. The forming of chyle from food.

Chylifactive [ki-le-, or kil-if-akf -tiv) \chylus, chyle ;
facere, make] Chyle forming.

Chyliferous [ki-lif -er-us) \chylus, chyle; ferre, to
(any], I. < hvle forming. 2. Containing chyle.

Chylific [ki-lif-ik) \chylus, chyle ; facere, to make].
Making chyle ; pertaining to chylifaction.

Chylification [ki-le-. or kil-if-ik-a' -shun) [ i[vX6g, chyle ;
I The process by which the chyle is
formed, separated and absorbed by the villi of the
small intestine.

Chylificatory (ki-lif '-ik-at o-re) \chylus, chyle; facre,
t. . in 1 . ] Chyle making.

CM VI. IKY

297

I [LIARY

Chylify (ki'-lifi) [chylus, chyle : facere, to make]. I.
To make into chyle. 2. To be made into chyle.

Chylocele {ki'-lo-sll) [i>'>-'»;, chyle; /./,///, a tumor].
Ad effusion of chyle into the tunica vaginalis testis.
C, Parasitic. Sec Filaria sanguinis hominis.

Chylocyst [ki' -lo-sist) [xv/lk\ juice; frfiffrtc, bladder],
'■"he chyle-bladder; the reservoir of Pecquet.

Chylocystic (ki-lo-sis' '-til;) \yykbg, juice ; Kbarig, blad-
der!. Relating to the chylocyst.

Chyloderma [ki-lo-der'-mah) [rvUg, lymph; <v
skin]. Scrotal elephantiasis, with accumulation of
lymph in the thickened skin and in the enlarged
lymphatic vessels ; lymph-scrotum.

Chylodochium [kil-o-d& '-ki-uni) [ fuA^c, chyle; doxetov,
receptacle]. The receptaculum chyli.

Chylogaster \ki-lo-gasf-ter) [\r'/<,c, chyle; yaar^p, the
stomach]. The duodenum, so-called because of its
being the chief seat of chylous digestion.

Chylogastric [ki-lo-gasf-trik) [\v/ur, chyle; yaorqp}
stomach]. Pertaining to the chylogaster.

Chylopericardium [ki-lo-per-ik-ar* '-de-urn) [%v%6g,
chyle ; Trepi, around ; K<i/>did, the heart]. A rare con-
dition, in which chyle is present in the pericardium, as
a consequence of the formation of a channel of com-
munication between a chyle-duct and the cavity of the
heart-sac.

Chylopoiesis {ki-lo-poi-e'-sis) [vr/a-m^aic ; ^v/Wc,
chyle; Toff/i', to make]. Chylification.

Chylopoietic {ki-lo-poi-ef '-ik) [^vAdc, chyle ; iroteiv, to
make]. Chylifaction ; making or forming chyle.

Chyloptyalism [ki-lop-ti' '-al-izm) [^A<5c, chyle ; irrva-
TuCew, to spit]. Milkiness of the saliva.

Chylorrhea (ki-lor-c'-ah) [%v'/6c, chyle; pine, to
flow]. The excessive flow of chyle. Also, a diarrhea
characterized by a milky color of the feces.

Chylosis (ki-lo'-sis) [^-ivunr, a converting into juice].
Chylification.

Chylothorax {ki-lo-tho' -raks) [jv/oc, chyle ; Oupa^, the
chest]. The presence of chyle within the pleural
cavity. It is consequent upon wounds or rupture of
the thoracic duct, and is usually fatal.

Chylous (/•/' lus) [^uyWc, chyle]. Relating to or re-
sembling chyle.

Chyluria (ki-lu'-re-ah) [xv'toc, juice; ovpor, urine].
The passage of milky-colored urine. It is thought to
be caused by a disordered condition of the lacteals and
is also connected with the presence in the blood of
Filaria sanguinis hominis. The urine passed is
generally above the normal in quantity, has the color
of milk, and becomes jelly-like on standing, after-
ward again becoming liquid. It readily undergoes
decomposition. The condition arises from a blocking
of the lymph-channels by the parasites. See Bacillus
of Chyluria under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of;
also Filaria sanguinis li om in is, Lewis, under
Parasites {Animal), Table i

Chyme {klm) [\ <'""<;, juice]. Kood that has under-
gone gastric digestion and has not yet been acted
upon by the biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal secre-
tions.

Chymiferous {kim-if -er-us) [chymus, chyme ; ferre, to
bear]. Capable of producing chyme.

Chymification [kim-ifik-a jAun) \chymus, chyme;
facere, to make]. The change of food into chyme by
the digestive process.

Chymophorous (kun-off'-or-us) [xvp6r, chyme; (pepetv,
to carry]. C'h villiferous.

Chymoplania (kim-o-plar -ne-ah) [v'''"'f, juice ; ~?drr/,
a roving]. The morbid or abnormal metastasis of
chyme or any secretion.

Chymorrhea [kim-or-e' -ah) [\ru6c, chyme; f>Eiv, to
flow]. A discharge <>f chyme.

Chymosepsis [kim-o-sep/-sis) [xvf*6c, chyme; ai
putrefaction]. Putrefactive fermentation of the < hyme.

Chyron (ki'-ron) [ciron, cyron\ The name given by
ancient writers to the itch-mite, Sarcoptes sea-'

Cibarious {sib-a'-re-us) [cibum, food]. Serving as
t' tod ; nutritious ; edible.

Cicatricial [sik nt-rish' -al) [cicatrix, a scar]. Pertain-
ing to or of the nature of a cicatrix. C. Deformities,
abnormal contractions caused by cicatrices. C. Tis
sue, a form of dense connective tissue, seen in
(ricatrio -

Cicatricula [sik-at-rik' -u-lak) [L. , dim. of cicatrix, a
scar]. The germinating point of the fecundated egg.

Cicatrisant (sik'-at-ri-sant). 5 atrizant.

Cicatrisive [sik/-at-ri-siv) [cicatrix, a scar]. Tending
to form a cicatrix.

Cicatrix [sik-a' -triks) [I..: //., Cicatrices']. A scar;
a connective-tissue new-formation replacing loss I
substance in the skin. It extends as far as the
corium. It may be depressed below or elevated above
the surface ; its color is usually whitish and glistening
when old, red or purple when young.

Cicatrizant [sik' -at-ri-zant ^[cicatrix, a scar]. I. Tend-
ing to cicatrize or heal. 2. A medicine that aids the
formation of a cicatrix.

Cicatrization [sik-at-riz-a' -shun) [cicatrix, a scar].
The process of healing.

Cicer (si'-ser) [!-•]• A genus of leguminous plants.
See Chick-pea.

Cicuta (sik-u'-tah) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous
plants. C. virosa. See Cowbaue.

Cicutin {sik-u'-fin) [cicuta, hemlock], i. An alkaloid
obtained from Cicuta zrirosa. 2. The same as Conein.

Cicutoxin {sik-u-toks'-in) [cicuta, hemlock; r !
poison]. The poisonous active principle of Cicuta
virosa. It is a viscid, non-crystallizable liquid of un-
pleasant taste and acid reaction.

Cider [si'-der) [ME., cidre~\. The expressed juice of
apples or pears. C. Brandy. See Apple- Brandy.
C. Vinegar. See Vinegar.

Cigaret [sig-ar-ef). See Cigarette.

Cigarette [sig-ar-etf) [Kr., dim. of cigare, a cigar]. A
roll of inflammable material medicated and adapted for
smoking. Nasal catarrhs and spasmodic attacks of
dyspnea are among the disorders sometimes treated
by cigarette-smoking. C. -makers' Cramp.
Cramp.

Cigarmakers' Cramp. See Cramp.

Cigue (se-gu-e) [Kr.]. Cicuta.

Cilia (sil'-e-ah) [cilium, the eyelid or lash]. The eye-
lashes. Also, the locomotor and prehensile organs
of certain infusoria, and the hair-like append
of certain epithelial cells, whose function it is
propel fluid or particles along the passages that
they line.

Ciliariscope [sil-e-ar* -is-kop) [cilium. eyelid ; cnawr
to look at]. An instrument (essentially a prism) for
examining the ciliary region of the eye.

Ciliary (sil'-e-a-re) [cilium. an eyelash]. Pertaining to
the eyelid or eyelash, and also by extension to the C.
Apparatus, or the structure related to the mechanism
of accommodation. C. Arteries — anterior, post
long, and posterior short, branches of the ophthalmic
artery, supplying the recti muscles, the ciliary appara-
tus, and the posterior structures of the eye. with the
exception of the retina. See Arteries, Table of. C.
Body, the ciliary muscle and processes. C. Canal,
the canal of Kontana. See Canal. C. Ganglion, the
ganglion at the apex of the orbit, supplying the ciliary
muscle and iris. See Ganglia, Table of . C. Muscle,
the muscle of accommodation, whose contraction les-
sens the tension upon the suspensory ligament of the

< II I A I 1

298

( IM.KI \

len- C. Nerves, blanches

ol the ophthalmic ganglion supplying the anterior
structures of the eyeball and the accommodative
apparatus. See C. Neuralgia,

neuralgic pain of the eye, brow, temple, etc. C.
Processes, circular!) choroidal foldings

continuous with the iris in front. C. Region, the
pericorneal or " dai »ne, corresponding to the

lion of the ciliarj body. C. Zone, the ciliary

Ciliate, or Ciliated ium,aa ey<

-hj. I laving cilia
CUiation lash]. The con-

dition ot having i
Cilio-spinal tm, an eyelash;

the spine]. Relating to the ciliary zone and the
C. Center.
Cilium '. [I.. J - Sa and Eyelash.

Cillo or Cillosis [cilium, an eyelash].

ondnued trembling of the eyelid.
Cillotic tf-ik i [ a eyelash]. Pertaining to

< ith cillo.
Cimbia i im'-bt th) [!•]• The white band seen upon
t of the cms cerebri, the tractus pedun-
culi transversus of Gudden.
Cimbial i /'.■' -ol) [cimbia, a cincture]. Relating to

the cimbia.

Cimex [L.,abug]. A genus of hemipterous

insects. C. lectularius, the common bed-bug. A

insect that infests beds, furniture, and the

wa I n n »ms, and that feeds on the human body,

puncturing the skin and injecting an irritating fluid to

in> : flow of blood. It is characterized by the

repu r of it- secretion.

Cimicifuga i [cimex, a bug; fugare,

to drive away]. Black Snake Root, Black Cohosh.

The root of C a, ord. Ranunculacese. A

machic, antis])asmodic, aphrodisiac, expectorant,

1 diuretic. Its action on the hear) is similar to that

of digitalis. It is efficient as a tonic in many cardiac

diseases, in functional impotence, and ovarian neural-

C, Ext. fid. (alcoholic). Dose lT\,v— xxx. C,

Ext. liquid., B. P.). Dose mjij-xxx. C, Tinct.,

20 per cent, in strength. Dose rn^xv— zj. Macrotin

(unof.), a resinous extract. Dose gr. J^-ij.

Cimicifugin i im is-e-fu'-gin) [cimex, a bug; fugare,

hiveaway]. The precipitate from a tincture of the

I of Cimicifuga racemosa; it is an antispasmodic,

, nervin, emmenagogue, parturient, and

D el to 2 grains. As an oxytocic, 2 to 3

peated in from 40-60 minutes, if neces-

Cimolia . Cimolite (sim'-o-lit) [la/iulia,

irth ; a white, soapy clay formerly

brought from the ' land of Cimolus. The

ancients prized it as a remedy ; now little used, ex-

int.

Cin.. I..]. The plant Artemisia santonica.

Cinchamidin [sin-kam' -id-iri) [cinchona; a»ii</i>i~\.
An alkaloid frequently present in
idin.
Cinchocerotin '-tin)[cinci ra, wax],

aloid of calisayabark.
Cinchona the Com inchon],

■ '-r.il varieties of cin
pes of the An
liable beinj
(rubra, red bark,
. pitaya bark,
' tins 21 alka-
1 which 4, quinii nin, quinidin and

<-.J11H,.,V<».

chonidin, are the most important. Cinchona has the
same physiologh action and therapeutic uses as it- chief
alkaloid, quinin. See ( htinin. It is also an astringent,
bitter and stomachic tonic. Stimulating appetite and

promoting digestion, beneficial in atonic dyspepsia and
adynamia, but especially useful in malarial affections.

C, decoctumiK. P.), Dose 3 i ij. C. Febrifuge.
Sec Quinetum. C, Ext. Dose gr. j— v. C,
Fid. Ext. Dose rr\,x-zj. C, Ext. liquidum
(B. P.). Dose n\,v-x. C., infusum, bark 6, arom.
sulphuric acid I , water 93 parts. Dose gj 3j. C, In-
fus, Acidum (B. P.). Dose Jj-ij. C. rubra, red cin-
chona, the bark of c'. succirubra. C, Tinct., 20 per
cent of the bark. Dose 3 ss-ij. C, Tinct., Comp.,
red bark 10, bitter-orange peel 8, serpen taria 2, alcohol
80 parts. Dose 3 j— ^ss. Huxham's Tinct. of Bark,
red bark 5iv, orange peel 5iij, serpentaria v.v. lxxx,
Spanish saffron gr. clx, cochineal gr. lxxx, brandy 3 xl,
digested four days, expressed and filtered. DoseSss— ij.

Cinchonamin (sin-ko' -nam-ui) [cinchona; aminj, < ',.,
II.,,.Y,<>. An alkaloid of cuprea bark. It occurs in
glistening, colorless crystals that are nearly insoluble
in water, and but slightly soluble in ether.

Cinchonicin (sin-kon1 '-is-in) [cinchona"],
An artificial alkaloid derived from cinchonin.

Cinchonidin, or Cinchonidina (sin-kon' '-id-in, or sin-
kon-id-i'-nah), < ',llII„1\,l >. An alkaloid derived from
cinchona. It is a crystalline substance resembling
quinin in general properties. C. salicylate (unof.)
has decided anti-malarial properties. C. sulph., (C20-
ir.,|N.,0)2II2S04.3lI.20, less bitter than quinin and
valuable as an antipyretic. Dose gr. j-xx or more.

Cinchonina, or Cinchonin (sin-ko-m/ -nah, or Hn'-ko-
iiiii) [cinchona: a7-''"-, Cinchonince], Cj9HMN20. An
official alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a color-
less crystalline body, similar to quinin in therapeutic
effects, but less active, producing much headache and
some muscular weakness. C. sulph., (C19HwNaO),
II,S( )j.2ll./). Soluble with difficulty in water, but
soluble in acidulated water. Dose gr. v-xxx.

Cinchoninic Acid (sin-ko-nin'-ik). See Acid.

Cinchonism (sin' -ko-nizm) [cinchona']. The systemic
effect of cinchona or its alkaloids in full doses. The
symptoms produced are a ringing in the ears with
deafness, headache, often severe, giddiness, dimness
of sight, and a weakening of the heart's action.

Cinchonize (sin'-ho-nlz) [cinchona]. To bring under
the influence of cinchona or its alkaloids.

Cinchotin (sin'-kot-in) [cinchona], C,flHMNaO. An
almost insoluble crystalline alkaloid derived from a
species of cinchona bark.

Cincinulus (sin-sin' '-u-lus) \_ki kiwv'/ or , a curl]. In
biology, small hooks attached to the stylamblys of
crustaceans.

Cincture (singk'-tur) [dnctura, a girdle]. A belt or
girdle. C. -feeling, a sensation as if the waist were
encircled by a tight girdle.

Cinene (si-nin') [cina, wormseed]. See Dipentene.

Cineol (sin'-e-ol) [cina, wormseed; oleum, oil], C10
II,,,' >■ The principal constituent of wormseed, 1
put . and eucalyptus oils. It is a pleasant camphora
■ eons liquid, inactive to polarized light, that boils
bi tween 1700 and 1770 (.'., and crystallizes at — 1° C. ;
its s],. gr, at 10° js. 0.923.

Cineraria (sin-er-a* '-re-ah) [cinerarius, pertaining to
ashes]. A genus of composite plants. C. maritima,
the juice of this plant has been long used in Venezuela
in the belief that, dropped in the eye, it would cause
the absorption ol 1 atarai 1. I nof.

Cinerea (sin-e' re-ah) [cin reu . ashen]. The gray,

1 mention-,, or cellular substance of the brain, spinal

1. and ganglia. C, Lamina, a thin layer of gray

CINERE1 M

299

CIR< I I VI [ON

substance extending backward above the optic com-
missure from the termination of the corpus callosum to
tin- tuber cinereum.

Cinereum, Tuber. Sec Tuber Cinereum.

Cineritious (sin-er-isk'-us) [eineres, ashes]. Ash-like
or pertaining to ashes. C. Substance, the cortex of
the brain, from the color of the same. C. Tubercle,
the tuber cinereum.

Cinesiology [sin-es-e-ol1 '-o-je). See Kinesiology.

Cinesis [sin-e'-sis ). See Kinesis.

Cinesitherapy (.7;/ es-e-ther/-a-pe). See Kinesitherapy.

Cinetica {sin-ef '-ik-ah) [mvelv, to move]. Medicines
or diseases that affect the motor apparatus.

Cingulum [sing* '-gu-lum) [cingere, to gird: pl.,Cin-
gula~\. I. A girdle or zone ; the waist. 2. Herpes
zoster, or shingles, q. v.

Cinnabar \sinf -ab-ar) [tuwafiapi, a pigment]. Mercuric
sulphid, HgS. See Hydrargyrum and Vermilion. C-
green. Same as Chrome-green.

Cinnamene (sin'-am-lri). See Styrol.

Cinnamic {sin-amf-ik\ [icivvdfiufiov, cinnamon]. Per-
taining to or derived from cinnamon. C. Acid. See
Acid. C. Aldehyd. See Aldehyd.

Cinnamomum, or Cinnamon {si>i-a»i-of-nium, or
sin'-am-ori) Tiuwdfiufiov, cinnamon : gen. ,( 'innamomi"].
The inner bark of the shoots of several species of
Cinnamomum, native to Ceylon and China, the latter
being known in commerce under the name of cassia.
Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is an
agreeable carminative and aromatic stimulant, useful
when combined with opium for flatulence, colic,
enteralgia, etc. C, Aqua, 2 parts of oil in iooo of
water. Dose j|j-ij. C, Ext. Fid. Arom., contains
aromatic powder io parts, alcohol 8 parts. Dose
n\,x-xxx. C, Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose gtt.
j-v. C, Pulv. Comp. (B. P.), cinnamon bark,
cardamom-seeds, and ginger. Dose gr. iij-x. C. sai-
gonicum, Saigon cinnamon. C, Spt., IO per cent,
of the od in spirit. Dose ITlv-xxx. C, Tinct., io
per cent, of the powdered bark in alcohol. Dose .^ss—
ij. C. zeylanicum, Ceylon cinnamon. Pulvis
aromaticus, aromatic powder, cinnamon, ginger, aa
35, cardamom, nutmeg, aa 15. Dose gr. x-xxx. C-
brown. Same as Pkenylene-brown.

Cinnamyl (sin'-am-il) [nivva/nufiov, cinnamon], C9ILO.
The radicle believed to exist in cinnamic acid.

Cionectomy {si-on-fk'-to-me) [kiuv, the uvula; inrou?/,
a cutting out]. Ablation of the uvula.

Cionitis (si-on-i'-tis) \_Kiav, the uvula ; crig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the uvula.

Cionoptosis (si-pn-op-to'-sis) [/a'ow, uvula ; rcruair, a
drooping]. Prolapse of the uvula.

Cionorrhaphia (si-on-or-af-e-ah) [jduv, the uvula ;
pa<i>f/, a suture] . See Staphylorrhaphy.

Cionotome {si-on'-o-tom} [/c/ov, the uvula ; muor, cut-
ting]. An instrument for cutting off the uvula.

Cionotomy {si-on-otf -o-me) \klwv, uvula; TOfifj, a sec-
tion]. Incision of the uvula.

Circinate (sir' -sin-fa) Tcircinalus, circular]. In biology,
rolled inward from the top, like a crozier. C. Erup-
tion. See Wandering Rash.

Circinus [sir* -sin-us) [idpiuvog, circle]. Herpes zoster ;
zona.

Circle (sir^-hl) [tcipKor, a circle]. A ring; a line, every
point of which is equi-distant from a point called the
center. C. of Diffusion. See Diffusion. C.ofHaller,
1. The plexus of vessels formed by the short ciliary
arteries upon the sclerotic, at the entrance of the optic
nerve. 2. The circulus venosus mammae. See also
Circulus. C. of Willis, the remarkable arterial anasto-
mosis at the base of the brain. The passage between
the anterior cerebral arteries anteriorly, and the internal

carotifls and middle and poster! ral arteries pos-

teriorly, h\ communicating vessels.

Circi-k of Willis.
1. Middle cerebral artery. 2. Internal carotid artery. 3. Pos-
o- median perforating. 4. Posterioi cerebral artery.
5. Superior cerebellar artery. 6. Anterior infi rior cerebellar
artery, 7. Anterior communicating artery. S. Antero-Iateral
perforating. 9. Anterior choroid. 10. Posterior communi-
cating. 11. Posterior choroid. 12. Basilar artery. 13. Crus
cerebelli cut.

Circuit {ser'-kit) \circuitus, a going round]. The course

of an electric current. C. -breaker, an apparatus for

interrupting the circuit of an electric current.
Circulation (sir-iu-la-'shun) \circulatio, a circular

course]. The passage of the blood through various

\ 1 -sels ; distinguished as

capillary, fetal, portal,

pulmonary, etc. C,

Cross, a laboratory ex-
periment in which the

vessels in one vascular

area of an animal are

separated from the rest

of the circulation by

ligation of anastomos-
ing channels, and then

supplied with blood

from the circulation of

a second animal. In

this way, for example,

the vascular area of the

head may be isolated,

and precluded from

receiving chloroform

inhaled by the lungs,

but which is distributed

to other -parts of the

body. By connecting

the cerebral ends of the

severed carotid arteries

of one dog with the car-
diac ends of the severed

carotids of an other dog,

the cerebral and gen-
eral circulatory systems

of the first dog may pre-
sumably be separated.

The first animal is

called the fed, and the Scheme of the Circulation.

animal supplying the a. Right, b, left auricle. A. Right,

blood the feeder. 1 he

experiment is of little

value. C, Collateral,

that through branches

and secondary channels

after stoppage of the

principal route. C,

Fetal, that of the

fetus, including the circulation through the placenta

P.. left ventricle. 1. Pulmonan
artery. 2 Aorta. /. Area of pul-
monary circulation. K. Upper
area of systemic circulation-
G Lower area of systemic cir-
culation, o. The superior vena
cava. ;/. Inferior vena cava, d,
d. Intestine. »i Mesenteric ar-
tery a. Portal vein. L. Liver.
h. Hepatic vein. Landois.)

CIRCl l.L S

CIRS< (MPHALOS

,1 cord. C, First, or Primitive, tii '

I system, carrying nutriment and

C, Placental, the fetal

olation. C, Portal. S C.,

Pulmonary, the circulatit f blood through the

The Fetal Circulation.

j. fmbilical vein. b. Ductus venosus. c. Ductus arteriosus.
d. i ric arteries.

rial vein.

e. Mesenteric arteries and vein.

lung- by means of the pulmonary artery and veins,
for the purpose of oxygenation and purification. C,
Second, th rculation, replacing the omphalo-

m. C, Systemic, the general circu-
lat: from the pulmonary circulation.

C, Third, that of the adult. C, Vitelline, first, or
primitive circulation.

Circulus ir* '-ku-lus) [L.]. A circle. C. arteriosus,
the t Haller. The plexus of arteries that

surroun i border of the iris. C. iridis

minor, an arterial i r the pupillary border of

the iris. C. venosus mammae (or Halleri), a
rin. that surround the nipple.

Circum- ['-■]• A prefix meaning around,

Circumagentes [L., "causing to

of th< eye. 2.
les that
rm.
Circumanal [circum, around ; anus,

fundamenl , urrounding the ai

Circumcision un) [circumi i cut

lund]. I pi< prepui e.

Circumclusion [circum, around;

•;irc in which

the pin is passed beneath the vessel, a wire loop placed
over it- point, and it.-, ends brought over the artery and

made fast.

Circumcorneal {sir-kum-kor* -ne-al) [circum, about;
corneus, horn} ]. Around or about the cornea.

Circumduction (sir-kum-duk'-shun) [circumducere, to
le.ul around]. The movement of a limb in such a
manner that it- distal part describes a circle, the proxi-
mal end being fixed. See Motion.

Circumference [sir-kum' -fer-ens) [circumfere, to carrj
around]. The distance around a part.

Circumflex [sir* -kum-JUks) [circumJUctere, to bend
about]. Applied to a number of arteries, vein- and
nerves.

Circumgyration [sir-kum-ji-ra' 'shun ) [citcum, around ;
gyrare, to turn]. See / 'cm

Circuminsular [sir-kum-in' -su-lar) [circum, about;
insula, island]. Surrounding the island ol Reil.

Circumlental (sir-kum-len' -tal) [circum, around; lens,
a lentil ; lens]. Surrounding the lens. C. Space.
See Space.

Circumnuclear {sir-kutn-nu' -kle-ar} [circum, about;
nucleus, kernel]. Surrounding the nucleus.

Circumnutation ( sir-kum-nu-ta' '-shun ) [circum,
around; nutare, to nod]. In biology, a bowing sue
cessivelv toward all points of the compass. Applied
to the movements of young and growing organs.

Circumocular (sir-kum-ok/-u-lar) [circum, about ;
oculus, eye]. Surrounding the eye.

Circumoral (sir-kum-of-ral) [circum, about; os,
mouth]. Surrounding the mouth.

Circumpolarization {sir-kum-po-lar-iz-a'-shutt) [cir-
cum, around ; polus, pole.] The quantitative estima-
tion of sugar in a suspected liquid by the degree of
the rotation of polarized light, sugar rotating the
ray to the right, albumin to the left.

Circumrenal (sir-kum-re/ -nal) [circum, about; ren,
the kidney]. Around or about the kidneys.

Circumscribed [sir' ' -kum-skribd) [circumscribere, to
draw a line around]. Strictly limited or marked oil ;
well defined ; distinct from surrounding parts, as a
circumscribed inflammation or tumor.

Circumvallate (sir-kum-val' '-at) [circutnvallare, to sur-
round with a wall]. Surrounded by a wall or promi-
nence. C. Papillae, certain papillae at the base of the
tongue.

Cirrhonosus (sir-on' -o-sus) [ni'pp6t, yellow ; ri>r,<tc , dis-
ease], i. A fetal disorder, marked by yellowness of
the serous membranes. 2. Abnormal post-mortem
yellowness of any surface or tissue.

Cirrhose (sir-ds/) [cirrus, a tendril]. In biology, pro-
vided with tendrils.

Cirrhosis ( nr-t/sis) [nipjidr, reddish-yellow ; from the
color of the cirrhotic liver]. Increase and thickening
of the connective tissue of an organ, especially of the
liver. C, Biliary, a form due to chronic retention of
bile in the liver from long-continued obstruction in the
bile ducts from anj cause. C, Fatty, a rare form in
which the hepatic cells become infiltrated with fat.
The surface is smooth and the organ enlarged, but
\rr\ tough, owing to increase in the interstitial connei
live tissue, which does not contract. This form is
usually seen in the intemperate.

Cirrhotic | [iup'p6c, yellow] Effected with,

or relating to, cirrhosis. C. Kidney. See Bright'*

Cirsocele [sir* -so-sll) [tapadc, a varix; *//>'/, tumor].

A varicose tumor, especially of the spermatic cord.
Cirsoid \d) [ntpodq, a varix; elSog, likeness].

Resembling a varix, or dilated vein.
Cirsomphalos (sir-som' -fal-os) [iapa6g, varix; bfupa'/or,

navel]. A varicose condition of the navel.

CIRSOPHl IIAI.MIA

301

CLAKIFVIN<;

Cirsophthalmia [sir-soff-tkal' -me-aK) [Kifinoi , varix;
in.itiii'/ nor, the eye], i. Ophthalmia, with an apparent
varicose condition of the conjunctival 2.

Corneal staphyloma, with an appearance of varicosity
of the surface.

Cirsotome (sir^-so-tdm) \jupa6$, a v;irix : rofii/, a cut-
tin^]. A cutting instrument for the operation of >
sotomy.

Cirsotomy {sir-sotf-o-me) [tapodg, varix ; ri/ieiv, to cut].
Excision of a varix.

Cisma (siz'-mah). Same as .l/>stts.

Cismatan (sis/-mat-an). Same asAi us.

Cissampelos {sis-am' -pel-os) [tuaadg, ivy; uu-t'/nr, a
vine]. A genus of climbing menispermaceous plant-.
The root of C. capensis, of South America, 1- cath-
artic and emetic. C. pareira, of tropical America,
false pareira brava (r/. v.), is tonic and diuretic.

Cistern isis'-tern) [cisterna, a vessel; receptacle]. 1.
Any dilatation : reservoir. 2. Any dilatation of the
space between the pia and arachnoid. The cisterns axe.
true lymph-sacs. C. of Pequet. See Receptaculum
chyli. C. of the Cerebrum. See Cistern, 2.

Cisterna (sis-ter'-nak) [L.]. Same as Cistern. C.
ambiens, one of the pockets situated over the opti<
lobe-. C. magna, a large cisterna where the arach-
noid spreads across from the caudad border of the
cerebellum to the oblongata. C. perilymphatica, in
the ear, a large space adjacent to the foot-plate of the
stapes.

Cistus (sis' -/us) [xiaroc, the rock-rose]. A genus of
plants of the order Cistace.c. growing in the old world.
C. oreticus, C. cyprius, C. ladaniferus, and C.
ledon afford the drug labdanum, or ladanum.

Citerior [si-te1 '-re-or) [L., "hither"]. Brainward,
centripetal, or afferent.

Citrate (sit' -rat) [citrus, citron-tree]. Any salt of cit-
ric acid.

Citrene (sit'-ren) [citrus, citron-tree], C10H]fi. Hes-
peridene ; carvene. The oil of Citrus aurantice, and
the chief ingredient of cedar oil, cumin oil, and dill
oil. It occurs associated with pinene in lemon oil.
It is an agreeable-smelling, colorless liquid, sp. gr.
0.846 at 200, and boiling at 175-1760.

Citric (sit'-rik) [citrus, citron-tree]. Pertaining to or
derived from lemons or citrons. C. Acid. See Acid.

Citrine (sit'-riu) [citrus, a lemon]. Yellow ; of a lemon
color. C. Ointment. See Hydrargyrum.

Citronella {sit-ron-el' -ah) [dim. of tcirpov, the citron-
tree]. A fragrant grass. C. Oil, the essential oil of
various grasses, mostly of the genus Andmpogon ;
used chiefly as a perfume ; antirheumatic. Unof.

Citrus (sit'-rus) [L.]. A genus of aurantiaceous trees.
See Aurantium, Bergamot, Lime, Limon.

Cittosis (sit-to'-sis) [tdrra, Kiaaa. pica]. Pica; a long-
ing for strange or improper food.

Civet {sizr'-et) [ME.]. A semi liquid, unctuous secre-
tion from the anal glands of Viverra civetta, I', zibetlia,
and /". rasse, carnivorous old-world animals, them-
selves called civets. It is now used as a perfume ;
formerly as an antispasmodic and stimulant, like musk.
I nof.

Civiale's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Clacking Pivot, or Tenon {klak'-ing pizZ-ot). Clack
pivot ; a method of attaching an artificial crown to the
root of a natural tooth ; it was invented by Magiola.

Cladocarpous iklad-o-kar'-pus) [kKoAot, a branch;
Knp-or, fruit]. In biology, having the fruit borne at
the end of short lateral branches.

Cladocerous (klad-os' '-er-us) [ka&Sos, a branch ; nipaq,
horn]. In biology, with branched antennae.

Cladode (klad'-od) [kM.6oc, a branch ; eMoc, form]. In
biology, branch-like. See Phyllocladium.

Cladodont (klad'-o-ddnt) [iduaioq, a branch ; 0
tooth]. .Same as Hybodont.

Cladonea (klad-o1 '-ne-ah) [/cAdrfoc, a branch]. A genus
ol lichens. C. rangiferina. the reindei ; a

lichen that grows extensively in Asia. I and N.

America. It is used as a food in famine-seasons, and
is locally distilled, affording an alcoholic spirit.

Cladophyl [klad' '-o-fil) [*c/ld<5oc, a branch; <o'/'/nr, a
leaf]. In biology, a branch that in form mimics a
leaf. Same as Cladode.

Cladoptosis [klad-op-t</ -sis\ [/cAadoc,a branch ; Ti-
to fall]. In biology, the annual falling of twigs bear-
ing Leaves instead of the leave- alone.

Cladose [klad'-os] [icXadog, a branch]. In biology,
ramose or brant b

Cladothrix (klad'-o-tliriks) [tcXadoq, branch ; "/"c. a
hair]. A genus of bacteria, having long filament-, in
pseudo-ramifications, with true spores. See Bacteria,
Synonymatic, 'Fable of.

Clairaudience \klar-aw'-d e-en 1 [Fr. clair, clear ; audi-
ence, hearing]. The alleged telepathic hearing of
ads uttered at a great distance.

Clairvoyance (klar-7-oi'-ans\ [It. clair, clear; voir, to
see]. The alleged ability (in certain st see

things not normally visible ; the d ability to

see the internal organs of a patient, and thus diagnos-
ticate his ailments.

Clamp [klamp) [Ger. Klampe~\. An instrument for
compressing the parts in surgical operations, to fix
them or to prevent hemorrhage, etc. C, Gaskell's,
an instrument applied over the heart so that the
pulsation of the auricles and ventricles may be
separately registered ; it is used in the study of cardiac
pulsation.

Clang [Hang) [KMyyi}, a clang]. A sharp metallic
sound ; a hoarse voice. C. -deafness, a defect of hear
ing in which sounds are heard, but their more delicate
qualities are not perceived. C.-tint, the timbre, or
delicate shading of a tone. See Timbre.

Clap {klap) [OF., clapoir, a venereal sore]. Gonor-
rhea. C. -threads, characteristic slimy threads in the
urine of gonorrheal cystitis.

Clapotage (klah-po-ta(li)zh') [Fr.]. The splashing
sound of a liquid in succussion.

Clapping (klap* -ing). See Percussion and Tapoiemeut.

Clapton's Lines. See Lines, Table of.

Claquement [klahk' -mon{g)) [Fr.. clapping, slapping]

1. In massage, percussion with the fiat of the hand.

2. The clack, or flapping sound caused by sudden
closure of the heart-valves.

Claret (klar'-et\ [clarus, clear]. A wine of a light-red
color. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C.
Stain. Same a- Ncevus maternus.

Clarificant [klar'-if-ik-ant 1 [clarus, clear]. A sub-
stance used for the purpose of clearing solutions turbid
from insoluble matter.

Clarification {klar-if-ik-a' -shun) [clarus. clear; facere,
to make]. The operation of removing the turbidity
of a liquid or naturally transparent substance. It may
be accomplished by allowing the suspended matter to
subside, by the addition of a clarificant or substance
that precipitate^ suspended matters, or by moderate
heating. See Pining.

Clarify {klar'-if-i) [clarus, clear: facere, to make].
To free a liquid or solution from insoluble or hetero-
geneous -ubstances. To make clear.

Clarifying [klar' -if-i-ing) [clarus, clear; facere, to
make]. Clearing; purifying. C. Reagent, any pre-
paration iwd for purifying microscopic and anatomic
preparations that have been mounted in gummy media.
Oil of cloves, turpentine, creasote, xylol, and oil of
bergamot are the chief.

I 1 ARK '\1 1 PI AY1 R - I KAMI'

302

( i i: \ki.\<;

Clarionet-player's Cramp. See Cramp.

Clark's Operation. See Operat n . Table of. C.

(Alonzo , Sign. S '"■*. Tabt

Clarke's Corroding Ulcer. An ulcer of the cervix
uteri th.it shows ■ tendency to spread. C. Inter-
medio-lateral Tract. See Column '. C. Poste-
rior Vesicular Column. - C. Pro-
ces. C. Rule, a nil
dosage, [he dose is to I I by the weight of the
One hundred and fifty pounds is taken as the
in average human adult, and in order to
the fractional dose this Dumber serves fur the
denominator ol a fraction whose numeratoi
t,>- it of the child in avoidupois pounds. Thus,
formula for a child of 50 pounds would he j'.,00- or
1 the adult.
Clasmacytosis [klas-nuth-si-to,-sis). Same as Clasma-

Clasmatocyte [■ " ". fragment;

11]. A form of very large connective-tissue

that tend to break up into granules or

pie

Clasmatocytosis [klas-mat-o-si-tof -sis) [khaafia, a frag-
ment; * roc, a cell]. The breaking up of clasmato-
c\te-. and the formation of islands of granules from
their del

Clasp ■ ) [ME 1, to grasp firmly]. In

mechanical dentistry, a hook fitted to a tooth and de-
aed for the retention of a dental substitute or other
apparatus to be worn in the mouth. In biology, an
apparatus at the end of the male abdomen in certain
insect-, intended to grasp the female. C. -knife
Rigidity, a reflex spasmodic action of the legs from
increased myotatic irritability, as a result of which
it were, completed with a " spring,"
as in the kni

Classification [klas-if-ik-a'-shuri) [classis, a class;
facere, to make]. An orderly arrangement of names,
oli ases, etc., according to their properties and

peculiarities.

Clastothrix [kins' -to-thriks). Synonym of Trichorrhexis

Clathrate 1 klath' -riit) \k'/ gdpa, a lattice]. In biology,

latticed; a name given by Mohl to cribriform cells;

also written clathroid.

Clathrocystis [ilath-ro-sis'-tis) [n/j/flpa, a trellis; Krar/r,

pout h]. A genu-, of microbes with round or oval cells,

forming in the form of circular layers. See

•. Synonymatic Table of .

Clathrose [klath' lattice]. In biology,

having deep furrows crossing at right angles.
Claudication, or Claudicatio {klaw-dik-a' '-shun,
kin 1 [claudicare, to halt or limp]. The

act of limping ; lamer
Claudius, Doctrine of. The doctrine that, in the pro-
duction of fetal monstrosities, attributes the atrophic
- primarily to the reversal and impairment of
1 upon the overpowering vigor
of the stronger fetus. C, Cells of, the outer epithe-
lial layer of the ducts of the < ochlea.
Claustrophobia > a, a bolt;

Morbid di-ip -- at being in anyroort
lithrophobia.
Claustrum [ , lauden . to shut : pi., Claus-

A barrier; a] rtures that may

\l-o, a layer of gray mat-
ter in th ular nucli
Clausura 1/ L.]. ( losu ia ; as of
C. tubalis, a I allopian tube.
C uteri. of the uterine cervix.
Clava, Clavola, t Clavolet ih, or
kla'-:o-Ut) [clava, a. club]. 1. In biology, clubbed

at the end, as the antennas of certain insects. 2. See
l:u nun I ia gracilis.
Clavate (klar/St) [clava, a club.] In biology, club-
shaped. Applied to a stigma, antenna, or other organ
that is thick toward the apex and gradually narrowed

toward the base.

Clavation lklav~af-shuri) [clavatio; claims, a nail].
Same as G-< mphosis.

Clavelization [klav-el-iz-a' -shun) [Fr., clavelie, sheep-
pox]. Inoculation with sheep-pox virus; ovination,

Claven, or Claviculen [kla'-ven, kla-vik '-u-leh)\clavis,
a key], belonging to the clavicle in itself.

Claviceps [klaT/ -is-eps) [clava, club; caput, head]. A
genus of fungi. C. purpurea, the fungus produc-
ing the ergot of rye.

Clavicle (klaiZ-ik-l) [clavicula; clavus, a key]. The
collar-bone. See Bones, Table of.

Clavicular {kla-vik' -u-lar) [clavus, a key]. Relating
to the clavicle.

Clavilla marginales [kla-vil'-ah mar-jin-aV -Iz) [!••]•
The " olfactory clubs " or marginal clubs in Medusa
also called Cordyli marginales.

Clavula [klav> '-u-lah) [clava, a club]. In biology,
applied to various clubbed organs ; as, a knobbed
bristle in echinoderms, or the swollen receptacle of
S( mie fungi.

Clavus [kla'-vus) [clavus, a nail, a wart, a corn].
Corn ; a hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epider-
mis, in which there is an ingrowth as well as an out-
growth of horny substance, forming circumscribed
epidermal thickenings, chiefly about the toes. Corns
may be hard or soft, the latter being situated between
the toes, where they are softened by maceration. Both
forms are due to pressure and friction. C. hysteri-
cus, a local neuralgic pain in hysteria, anemia, etc.,
in the head, as if a nail were being driven in.

Claw [klaw) [AS., dawn, a claw]. The stalk, or con-
tracted base of a petal. In biology, the hooked limb
or appendage of an animal. C.-hand, a condition
of the hand characterized by over-extension of the
first phalanges and extreme flexion of the others.
The condition is a result of atrophy of the interosseous
muscles, with contraction of the tendons of the com-
mon extensor and long flexor. (French, »taiii-<,>i-
griffe.)

Clayed Sugars [kldd sugf -arz). Sugars that have been
freed from the dark molasses by covering them in
moulds by moist clay, which allows of a gradual
washing and displacement of the adhering syrup.

Cleaning [klen'-ing) [ME., clensen, to make clean].
Cleansing; removal of dirt; purifying. C. Mix-
ture for Glass, 1. Potassium bichromate 2 parts,
water 10 parts, sulphuric acid IO parts ; dissolve the
potassium in the water with heat, pour into a warm
bottle, add the sulphuric acid slowly and at intervals.
2. Nitric acid (cone.) 2 parts, sulphuric acid 3 parts.

Cleansings [klen' -zingz) [ME., clensen, to clean").
The lochia.

Clearer (k/er'-e?-). See Clearing Mixture.

Clearing [kllr'-ing) [ME., cleren, to make clear].
Clarification; makingclear. See/Fining. C. Agent,
a substance used in microscopy to render tissues trans-
parent and suitable for mounting. To replace alcohol
in a dehydrated section, 1 reasote, turpentine, xylol, and
the oils of bergamot, cedar, cloves, and origanum are
used. For celloidin sections, Bergamot or cedar oil or
creasote is preferable. Before mounting vegetable sec-
tion r, glycerin, solution of carbolic acid, liquor potassaj,
alcoholii solution of potash, liquor ammonias, solution
of chloral hydrate, Javelle water, Labarraque's solu-
tion, are vised. See Stains, Table of. C. Mixture,
a fluid u>ed in microscopy for rendering sections trans-

CLKAVACK

:'>03

I LINICIST

parent after dehydration. It musl be miscible with the

mounting medium. A very satisfactory and generally-
applicable mixture is the following : < larbolic acid crys-
tals 4 parts, rectified oil of turpentine 6 parts.

Cleavage ikle'-vaj) [ME., eleven]. I. The linear clefts
in the skin indicating the general direction of the
fibers. They govern to a certain extent the arrange-
ment of the lesions in skin-diseases. The lines of
cleavage run, for the most part, obliquely to the axis
of the trunk, sloping from the spine downward and
forward ; in the limbs they are mostly transverse to
their longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of (ill division.

Cleavers [kle'-verz) . See Galium aparine.

Cleft (/■///! [ME., clift], i. A fissure; crevice. 2.
The crotch, or point of junction of the legs. 3. In
botany, divided half-way, as a leaf. C. Face. See
Schistoprosopia. C, Ocular, a fissure in the embryo,
leading from the mouth to the eye. It is situated
between the frontonasal process and the superior
maxillary plate. C, Olfactory. See Olfactory. C.
Palate, a congenital malformation of the palate,
usually occurring with hare-lip. C. Sternum, con-
genital fissure of the sternum. C, Visceral, or
Branchial. The four slit-like openings on each side in
the cervical region in the fetu-. sometimes called the
Branchial openings. The slits close (in the human
fetus), except the upper, from which are developed
the auditory meatus, tympanic cavity and Eustachian
tube. See Branchial Clefts.

Cleidal [kli'-dal) [k/e/c, clavicle]. Relating to the
clavicle ; clavicular.

Cleido- [kii'-do-) [kAe/c the clavicle]. A prefix, mean-
ing a relation to the clavicle.

Cleido-hyoid (kli'-do-hi'-oid) [kXeig, clavicle ; voeidqg,
>haped like the letter upsilon]. Relating to the clav-
icle and the hyoid.

Cleido-mastoid (kli' -do-mas' -toid) [kKe'ic, the clavicle;
fiaardg, the breast ; eldoc, like]. Pertaining to the
clavicle and to the mastoid process.

Cleistocarp (hits' -fo-harp) ^_K?.eiar6g, that may be
closed; Kaprrog, fruit]. In biology, an ascocarp in
which the spores are completely enclosed and from
which they escape by the rupturing of its walls.

Cleistogamy (khs-tog1 '-am-e) \_K/tiar6g, that may be
closed; yafwq, marriage]. In biology, self-fertiliza-
tion in closed flowers.

Cleithrophobia (kli-thro-fo' -be-ah) [itkefflpov, a bolt;
<j>6(iog, fear]. Same as Claustrophobia, but a better
formed word.

Clematin (klem' -at-in) [ufa/fiaTig, clematis]. An
alkaloid from Clematis vitalba.

Clematis (hlem'-at-is) [/>> //unrig, clematis]. A genus
of ranunculaceous plants of many species, most of
which are acrid or poisonous. C. corymbosa is
powerfully irritant and resistant. C. crispa and C.
erecta are diuretic and diaphoretic, and are said to be
antisyphilitic. C. viorna, C. virginica, and C.
vitalba are similar in properties to C. erecta.

Clemens' Solution. See Arsenium.

Clemot's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Cleptomania (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah). See Kleptomania.

Cleptophobia (klep-to-fo' '-be-ali) . See Kleptophobia.

Clergyman's Sore-Throat. A chronic hypertrophic
form of pharyngitis, with more or less enlargement of
the tonsils and lymph-follicles of the posterior wall,
due to excessive and improper use of the voice.
Dysphonia clericorum. See also Pharyngitis,
Granular.

Clerk-Maxwell's Experiment. See / : 's Ring.

Clethrophobia (kleth-ro-fo' -be-ali) \_k7 fjHpov , a bar, bolt ;
90. foe, fear]. Same as Claustrophobia.

Clevenger's Fissure. See Fissures, Table if.

Clichy White. Sam. as White Lead.

Clicking Sounds {klik'-ing oundz). Peculiar sharp
sounds heard in auscultating the apex of a tuberculous
lung. They indicate the commencement "I softening
in a tuberculous deposit. See Rale.

Cliff-Rose (///- ' See A nsenel.

Climacteria (kli-mak-te'-re-ah). Syn. of Menopause.

Climacteric [kli-mak-ter' '-ik , or kli-mak' -ter-ik) [h'/m-
aicrfip, the round of a ladder]. A period of the life-
time at which the system was believed t" undergo
marked changes. These were at yearly periods
divisible by seven. C. Age, puberty; also in women
the time of cessation of the catamenia. C, Grand,
the 63d year, also the 81st year. C. Dentition. See
C. Teething. C. Insanity. See In anity. C.
Teething, the development of teeth at a very late
period of life, after the loss of those of the second
dentition, and usually between the sixty third and
eighty-first year, the grand climacteric years of the
1 .nek physiologists.

Climate (kli' '-mat\\Kki(ia, a region, or zone, of the earth].
The sum of those conditions in any region or country
that relate to the air, the temperature, moi-ture, sun-
shine, winds etc., especially in so far as they concern
the health or comfort of mankind. Climate i- an essi a
tial factor in the production of or modification of cer-
tain diseased conditions. This influence depend- upon
the nearness of the country to large bodies of water, it-.
altitude above the sea-level, the peculiarities of its
atmosphere, the nature and composition of its soil and
subsoil, and the character of its vegetation. The 111. .-t
equable climate is that of the ocean, and next from a
therapeutic point of view stands the sea-coast. I be
climate of mountains is especially lauded for the treat-
ment of pulmonary disease. Its value consists in the
rarefaction of the atmosphere and the freedom from
particles and germs. Climate also plays an important
part in the management of hay-fever and other
diseases.

Climatic (kli-maf -ik) \tOdpxi, a region or zone of the
earth]. Pertaining to climate.

Climatology (kli-mat-ol' '-o-je) [i</ii/n, climate, a clime;
"hdyoc, science]. The science of climate.

Climatotherapy (kli-mat-o-ther' -a-pe) [idJLfia, clime;
drpenrsia, a waiting on]. The employment of clima-
tic measures in the treatment of disease.

Climbing Staff-tree. False Bittersweet. The bark
of the root of Celastrus scandens, alterative, diuretic
and slightly narcotic. It has been advantageously
employed in syphilitic and scrofulous afiections. Dose
of fid. ext. 3J-ij. Unof. See Celastrus.

Clinandrium (klin-an' -dre-um) \jduvri, abed; avrjp, a
man]. In biology, a cavity at the apex of the column
in orchids in which the anthers rest. This is also
called the Androclinium.

Clinantheum (klin-an' -the-um) [/>> vtj, bed; avdoc, a
flower]. In biology, the receptacle of a com]
plant.

Clinic (klin'-ik) [^//i7/coo,pertainingtoabed]. I. Medi-
cal instruction given at the bedside, or in the presence
of the patient whose symptoms are studied and whose
treatment is considered. 2. A gathering of instructor-,
students, and patient-, for the study and treatment of
disea-e.

Clinical (klin' '-ik-at ') \_k'/ivikw\ pertaining to a bed].
Relating to bedside treatment, or to a clinic.

Clinician {klin-ish' -an) \kAivik6q, pertaining to a bed].
A physician whose opinions, teachings, and treatment
are based upon experience at the bedside; a clinical
instructor; one who practises medicine.

Clinicist (klin'-is is/) \j0avin6g, pertaining to a bed].
A clinician.

CI IN' " I I'M M.IA

304

( II BBED FINGERS

Clinocephalia vq, bed ;

head]. Abnormal B I the top of the head.
Clinocephalous

1]. Having i f the head abnormally

Bat

Clinodactylous • •" ,,|l'x "r

lie . r]. Pertaining to an abnormal

■ urc. de i curvatm toes.

Clin- -] Re-

iundry bony structures of
the dls, et< .

Clinostat • to incline ;

itus for regulating the exposure of

Clip

Clire. rClyers E. dial.]. Tul

Cliseometer inclination ;

• isure]. An instrument for measuring the
the peh ic axis.

Clistocarpous . that can l>e

. fruit]. In biology, having a closed

Clithrophobia ah). Same as Cleithro-

Clitoralgia , the clitoris;

. ain]. Pain referred to the clitoris.
Clitoridectomv i-ekf-to-me) [• , clitoris ;

ision of the clitoris.

Clitoris . clitoris]. The homologue

in • Je of the penis, attached by two crura or

the ischio-pubic rami, which meet in front

the pubic joint to form the body, or corpus. The

■1 " i- such only in appearance and

name. C. Crises, paroxysms of sexual excitement in

a tabes.

Clitorism w) [«XttTopic, the clitoris] . I. En-

larg r hypertrophy of the clitoris. 2. Tribadism.

Clitoritis i'-tis) [ . clitoris; trig, inflam-

:;ion] Inflammation of the clitoris.
Clitorotomy \klit-or-otf-o-me). Incision of the clitoris.
Clitorrhagia (klit ah) [h/wrop/c, clitoris;

. t'> burst]. Hemorrhage from the clitoris.
Clivus 1 . |. Aslope. C. Ossis,or

C. of Blumenbach, the slanting surface of the body
noid between the dorsum sella; and the
basi-occipital.
Cloaca .' a'-kah) [cloaca, a sewer] . I. In early fetal
life, the common orifice of the intestine and the allan-
z. In surgery, the long canal of escape of pus
from a im. 3. In biology, the cham-

r into which open the large intestine and urogenital
ducts of bird-, amphibians and monotremata.
Cloacal klo-a'-kal) [clou, a, a sewer]. Pertaining to or

ica.
Clonic (klon'-ik) [K/6vdh, commotion]. Applied to
and spasmodic conditions of muscles in
whii h i relaxations occur in-

voluntarily.
Clonici i) [I..]. Diseases marked by clonic

•in.
Clonism, Clonismus (klof-nizm, klo-niz' -mus) [kMvoc,

>m; clonospasm.
Clonospasm iazm) [n/6ior, commotion;

Clonus in]. Involuntary,

of muscles when put siid-

ing lo the part stimu-

lati ankle, foot,

It is
a valua ign in certain lesions of the

spinal cord. Cathodal closure clonus, and Catho-

dal opening clonus, etc. See Contraction. See
Ankl < '. , /' rist ('. , etc.

Clopemania [klo-pe-ma/ -ne-ah) [*/»:/,, robbery, uavia,
mania]. See Kleptomania.

Cloquet, Angle of. See Angle. C, Canal of. See
Canals, and Hyaloid Artery . C, Fascia of, the s< p
turn crurale, </. v. C, Ganglion of. See Ganglia,
Table of . C.Herniaof. See Hernia, and Disea
Table of. C, Needle Test of. See Death, Signs of.
C.| Operation of. See Opt rati ns, Table of. C.,
Pseudoganglion of. See Pseudoganglion.

Closing Tetanus (khZ-zing tetf-an-us). See o'<i/:;i>io-
to>: I

Clostridial [klos-trid' -e-al) [kXoot^p, a spindle]. Re-
ferring to spindle-shaped bacilli and especially to the
agent of the butyric acid fermentation.

Clostridium [klos-tridf -e-um) [kAuot^p, a spindle: //.,
Clostridial. A genus of bacteria, differing from bacilli
in the fact that their spores are formed in character
istically enlarged rods. See Bacillus butyricus, under
Ba, teria.

Closure (klo/-ziir) [clausura, a closing]. The act of
completing or closing an electric circuit. According
as a closure is anodal or cathodal, it-, effects may so
differ as to give it a marked significance in diag-
nosis

Clot (klot) [ME., clot, a round mass]. A coagulum,
especially that of blood ; a crassamentum. See Throm-
bus, Embolism. White clots are formed of the pure
fibrin of white corpuscles and of blood-plaque-.. Il the
white clot has become slightly stained with red blood-
cells, it becomes yellowish [chicken-fat clot ) ; if it be
red and soft, it is a currant-jelly clot. Stratified clots
contain layers of more than one variety. C Distal,
a clot formed in a vessel beyond the seat of ligature.
C. -districts, the small divisions into which a clot is
broken by the dissemination through it of the fibro-
blastic plasma-corpuscles. C, Proximal, the clot
formed in a vessel above the seat of ligature.

Clotbur (klot?- or klot'-bur). The leave- of Xanthium
strumarium, much used as a domestic remedy for bites
of poisonous insects and venomous serpents. Also an
active styptic. Dose of the fluid extract J5J-ij. Unof.
See also Spiny Clotbur.

Clottage of the Ureters. An operation proposed in
case of hematuria from a kidney hopelessly crushed
or with advanced carcinoma. The procedure consi-t-
in blocking or corking up the ureter with a clot.

Cloudberry (k/oiei/'-lirr-e). The leaves of h'uluis cha-
mamorus, used in Russia as a diuretic. Dose ,zl\ to
a cupful of boiling water. Unof.

Cloudy Swelling. Parenchymatous degeneration ; a
swelling up of the elements of a tissue by imbibition
or accretion, a form of hypertrophy with a tendency to
degeneration.

Clove (/:/«:■). See Caryophyllus. C. -hitch Knot, a
form of double-knot in which two successive loops are
made close to one another on the same piece of cord
or bandage, a half-twist being given to the junction of
each loop at the time of making it. See hunt.

Clover's Gas and Ether Inhaler. See Anesthetic.

Clownism (klown'-izm) [ME., cloune\ Charcot's
term lor that stage of liv-tero epilepsy in which there
is an emotional display and a remarkable series of con
tortions or cataleptic poses.

Club (klub) [ME , club, a club]. In biology, a broad
ending of an antenna. C.-foot. See Talipes. C-
hand, a deformity of the hand similar to that of club
foot.

Clubbed Fingers (klubdfingt-gerz). Knobbed defor-
mity of the finger end-, with curvature of the nails,
me cases of pulm mary and cardiac disease.

CI. VERS

:;(!.-,

< « M A I N

Clyers [kli'-erz). See CHre and A^rr«

Clypeate (klip'-e-at) [clypeus, a shield]. In biology,
shaped like a buckler.

Clyster (klisf-ter) [»/rar/,]i, an injection]. An enema.

Cnemis [in-'-i/tis) [kvt}/j.u , a legging]. The tibia or
shin-bone.

Cnemitis (ne-mi' '-tis) [kv/'/iu/, shin ; iTif, inflammation],
[nflammation of the tibia.

Cnicin (ni'-sin) [tan/nog, a plant of tin- thistle kind],
C^HjjOjg. A crystalline bitter substance found in
rsed Thistle.

Cnidoblast (ni' '-do-blast) [icvidij, a nettle; \Xaar6q , a
germ]. In biology, the budding thread-cell or urticat-
ing cell.

Cnidocell (ni'-do-sel) [cnida, a nettle ; <<//</, a cell].
In biology, a lasso-cell, nematocyst, or urticating cell.

Cnidocil (ni'-do-sil) \_cnida, a nettle; cilium, an eye-
lash]. In biology, the thread of a nematocyst.

Cnidophorous (nid-off'-or-us) \p>iSri, a nettle; ipipeiv,
to bear]. In biology, bearing lasso-cells or nemato-
cysts.

Cnidosis (ni-do'-sis) [nvi8i], nettle]. Urtication; nel
tie-rash.

Coacervate (ko-as-erv'-al) [coacervare, to heap up].
In biology, clustered, bunched; said of grains or
flowers.

Coach (/w//). See Quizzer.

Coachmen's Cramp. See Cramp.

Coadnate (ko-ad'-nat) [con, together; adnatus,
bunched]. In biology, clustered.

Coagulant (ho-ag1 '-u-lant) [coagulare, to curdle]. I.
Causing the formation of a clot or coagulum. 2. A
coagulating agent.

Coagulated (ko-ag* -u-la-ted) [coagulare, to curdle].
Clotted ; curdled. C. Proteids, a class of proteids
produced by heating solutions of egg albumin or
serum-albumin globulin suspended in water or dis-
solved jn saline solutions, up to loo°C. At the body-
temperature they are readily converted into peptones
by the action of the gastric juice in an acid, or of
pancreatic juice in an alkaline medium.

Coagulation (ko-ag-u-laf -shun) [coagulatio, a. clot-
ting]. The formation of a coagulum or clot, as in
blood or in milk.

Coagulative {ko-ag' -u-la-tn:) [coagulare, to curdle].
Causing or marked by coagulation. C. Necrosis.
See Xecrosis.

Coagulum (ho-ao-' '-u-luni) [coagulare, to curdle : pi. ,
Coaguld], Clot. The mass of fibrin, enclosing red
and colorless corpuscles and serum, that forms from
the plasma of the blood after the latter has been
drawn from the body. Also, the curd of milk, and
the insoluble form of albumin.

Coal (hoi) [ME., cole]. A solid and more or less
distinctly stratified mineral, varying in color from dark-
brown to black, brittle, combustible, and used as a fuel ;
not fusible without decomposition, and very insoluble.
C, Anthracite, the hard variety of coal, used largely
as a heating-agent. It contains but little hydrogen,
and is mainly (over 90 percent. ) composed of pure car-
bon. C, Bituminous, is black or grayish-black in
color, of a Fesinous luster, and somewhat friable, being
easily broken into cubical fragments of more or less
regularity ; upon ignition it burns with a yellow dame.
When heated to bright redness in retorts or ovens, free
from the access of air, the volatile matter, composed of
carbon compounds of hydrogen and oxygen with water,
passes off. It is used in the manufacture of gas. C,
Cannel is much more compact than gas or coking
coals, duller in appearance, possessing a grayish-black
to brown color, and burning with a clean candle-like
flame. It does not soil the hands, and is not readily
20

fractured. C, Brown, or Lignite, appears to occupy
an intermediate portion between the bituminous coals
and wood. It retain- the ligneous structure of the
material from which it 1- formed, hence the name
Lignite. 'I table remains are in a great many

quiti distinct. The color varies from yellowish
brown in the earthy, to black in the more compact,
1 oal like van. ties It does nol yield coke. It i- used
as fuel in some localities, /'eat, or Turf, occurring in
large area-, in Ireland and in some parts of Eun
consists of the decayed remain- of certain forms ol
plants. It has been destructively di-tilled for tarry
products, without profit, however. C. -miner's Lung.
Miner's Lung. C.-tar, a by-product in the
manufacture of illuminating gas; it is a black, vis
fluid of a characteristic and disagreeable odor. The
specific gravity range- from 1.10 to 1.2". 'Its compo-
sition is extremely complex, and its principal constitu-
ents are separated, one from the other, by mean- of
fractional distillation. C.-tar Colors. See Pigments,
t i '/ <rs, and Dyi stuffs.

Coalescence (ko-al-es' '-ens) [coalescere, to grow to-
gether]. The union of two or more parts or things.

Coaptation (ko-ap-tar-shun) [con, together; apta;
fit]. I lie proper union or adjustment of the ends of a
fractured bone, the lips of a wound, etc.

Coarctate (ko-arkr -tat) [coarctare, to press together].
( Irowded together.

Coarctation (ko-ark-ta1 '-shun) [coarctare, to put to-
gether]. A compression of the wall- of a vessel or
canal, thus narrowing or closing the lumen ; reduction
of the normal or previous volume, as of the pu
shrivelling and consequent detachment, as of the
retina. A stricture.

Coarctotomy (ko-ark-tof '-o-me) [coarctatus, constricted ;
TEfiveiv, to cut]. The cutting of a stricture.

Coarse (kors) [ME. , course]. Not fine; gross. C.
Adjustment. See Adjustment. C. Features of
Disease, macroscopic organic lesions, such as tumor,
hemorrhage, etc.

Coarticulation (ko-ar-tik-u-la' -shun) [eon, together;
articulare, to join, articulate]. A synarthrosis.

Coat (hot) [coitus, a tunic]. A cover, or membrane
covering a part, or substance. C, Buffy, the u]
fibrinous layer of the clot of coagulated blood, marked
by its color, and absence of red-corpuscles.

Coates's Operation. See Operations. Table of.

Coating (hotf-ing) [coitus, a tunic]. A covering, as of
a wound, the tongue, etc. C. of the Tongue, a con-
dition of the tongue indicative of abnormality of the
digestive tract. C. of Pills, a covering of various sub-
stances to conceal the taste in swallowing.

Cobalt (ho'-bawlt) [Kobold, a German mythologic
goblin]. A tough, heavy metal having some of the
general properties of iron. Its oxids have been em-
ployed in medicine, but are now very little used. See
Elements, Table of. C.-blue. See Pigments, Con-
spectus of. C. -green. Same as Rinmanris Green.
C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. -ultra-
marine. Same as Cobalt-blue. C. -yellow.
Pigments, Conspectus of.

Cobweb (hob'rweb) [ME., cobweb, a. spider's web"].
Tela aranece, spider's web. The web of a common
house spider, Tegeneria domestica. It is a styptic rec< »m
mended for bleeding after tooth-extraction, and in
pulmonary tuberculosis, in 30-grain doses. It forms
a serviceable moxa, with the aid of the blowpipe.

Coca (ko,-kah). See Erytkroxylon.

Cocain (ko'-kah-in. or ho/-hdn)[S.A. . r<va],C17H21N< >,.
The chief alkaloid extract of Erytkroxylon eoea. It
is at first stimulant and afterward narcotic, and resem-
bles caffein in its action on the nerve-centers, and

UNISM

306

O (CHIN CHINA

atropin in its >n the respiratory and circulatory

It- long continued as i is

followed by insomnia, decay «'f moral and intellectual
.\er, emaciation, and death. Locally, it is a pow
erful anesthetic in a limited area of surface. It acts
most rapidl) on mucous tissues. Applied to the con-
junctiva of the eye ii causes also dilatation of the
pnpil and paralysis of the function of accommodation.
. to the tongue it temporarily destroys the sense
taste. 1 C.-

Bug, an u t which cocainomaniacs fre-

quently think they are infested with; a belief that is pro-
bably dt perversion. C,
Ceratum, I in .; ), for burns, etc. C. Citras, used in
dentisti hing teeth. C. Hydrochloras,

I ,,Ni ",('1. more prop
ain chlorid, most commonly used for local an
thesia in 2- : Dose, internally, gr.

C. Hydrochlorat., Liquor, i lU' D ise nxij-x.
injectio C. Hydrochlorat.. Hypoderm. ; i grain in
minim-. C, Lamellae B.P.), each containing
ain hydrochlorate. C. Oleas, a io
Ution in oleic acid, for external use. C.
Phenas or Carbolas, a topical application in catarrhs
I in rheumatism. Used as a live to ten per cent.
Ution, also internally, gr ,'_.-.',.
Cocainism (ko-ka' -in-izni) [S. Amer. coca}. The

dn-habit.
Cocainization [ko-ka-in-iz-a' 'shuri) [S. Amer., coca"].
The bringing of the system or organ under the intlu-
en< ain.

Cocainomania [ko-ka-in-o-maf-ne-ah\ [cocain; fiau'ia,
m.! The habit of using cocain ; properly,

insanity due to the cocain-habit.
Cocainomaniac iko-ka-in-o-ma' -ne-ak\ [cocain : tu
madness]. ' >ne who is insane from the effects of
ain.
Cocamin ' iam-in) [S. Amer. coca; amin~\,

ii \' >,. Truxillin, or Isotropyl-cocain ; an alkaloid
>ca. It has active properties, but its physio-
■: effects are little known.
Coccaceae {kok-kas' '-e-e\ [Fr. , coccacees ; kokkqc, a ker-
] A gnup <f -chizomycetous fungi, or bacteria,
including as genera the Micrococcus, Sarcina, Asco-
. and Leuconostoc. The elements are normally
il, reproduction usually taking place by divi-
• writers place the genus Leuconostoc alone
in this group ; others exclude it entirely.
Coccidia (kok-sid'-e-a)i) \k6kkoc, a berry] . The so-called
rmia — minute oval structures about 0.035 mm-
long, with a thick capsule and coarsely granular con-
They are frequently found in the liver of the
rabbit, and have been found in the liver, in a pleuritic
exudate, and in the kidney, ureter, and heart-muscle
in man. The organism is more properly called (

um oviform , while the spores that it forms are

termed '-rmije.

Coccidiosis (kok-sid-i'-o-sis) [kokkoc, a berry; v6ooc,

disease]. The group of symptoms produced by the

roccidia in the body.

Coccidium [kok . 1 berry: pi., Coc-

'•']• 1 In bi plied (a) to the spore-bearing

conceptacle of certain alga . to egg-shaped

-rms. 2. A : protozoans, by some re-

■ iii).
C. oviforme has been found in intes-
tinal epithelium, and in the liver of man, and often in
r of the rabbit. True coccidia are non-motile
C. sarkolytus, the name given by
ireinoma.
Coccillana ( 4) [S. Amer.]. The bark of

: the W. Indies, a tree of the fam

ily Afeliacea)aa emetic and purgative; in over-doses it
i- poisonous as an irritant narcotic. It acts locally upon
the mui ous mi mbrane when directly applied or when
absorbed. It i- commended for bronchial catarrh. Dose
of fl. ext. 't\ x— xxx. (Jnof.

Coccinella [kok-sin-el' '-ah) . See Cochineal.

Coccinellin (kok-sin-el' -in), or Coccinellina (kok-se-
n F-lei-nd). See Carmin.

Coccinin [kok' -sin -in) [coca'nus, scarlet], C,4H1205. I.
A substance obtained by heating carmic acid with po
tassium hydrate. It crystallizes in yellowish leaflets
from an alcoholic solution. 2. A coal-tar color belong
ingto the azo-groii]). Same as New Coccin and Pkent
tol Red.

Coccobacteria (kok-o-bak-tef -re-ah\ \k6kkoq, a kernel ;
laKrijpiov, a little rod]. The rod-like or spheroidal
bacteria found in putrefying liquids, and called C.
septica. See Bacteria, Synonymatie Tabic of.

Coccoloba (kok-oF -o-baJi) \_cocolobis, a kind of grape].
A genu- of polygonaceous trees of tropical America.
C. uvifera, the sea-side grape, has a hard and valu-
able wood, which, when boiled, yields what is called
Jamaica kino.

Coccomelasma (kok-o-mel-azf -mak\ \k6kkoq, berry;
fie'/.aaua, blackness]. A granular dermal melanosis.

Cocculus (kok'-u-lus) [dim. of coccus, a berry]. A
genus of menispermaceous plants of the tropic-. C.
indicus, is the dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus. It
is an active narcotic poison, and is employed as a de-
stroyer of vermin ; its preparations have proved ser-
viceable for headaches, dysmenorrhea, etc. See Picro-
toxin.

Coccus [kok' -its') \k6kxoc, a berry]. I. A cell or cap-
sule. 2. In biology, {a) the separable carpels or mit-
lets of dry fruits; (Ii) a spherical bacterium, a micro-
coccus. C. cacti, the cochineal insect. See Cochineal.

Coccyalgia (kok-se-al'-je-ah) \_k6kkv!-, coccyx ; iXyoq,
pain], Coccygodynia.

Coccydynia (kok-se-din' -e-ah). See Coccygodynia.

Coccygalgia (kok-sig-alf -je-afi). See Coccygodynia.

Coccygeal (kok-sif '-e-al) [k6kkvI;, coccyx]. Pertaining
to the coccyx.

Coccygectomy (kok-sig-ek' '-to-me) [ki'ikkv^, coccyx;
EKTOftq, excision]. Surgical excision of the coccyx.

Coccygeus (kok-sif -e-us) \k6kkvI-, coccyx]. One of
the pelvic muscles. See Muscles, Table of.

Coccygodynia (kok-sig-o-din' '-e-ah) [k6kkv!-, coccyx;
bUvvrj, pain]. Pain referred to the region of the coc-
cyx ; confined almost exclusively to women who have
given birth to children. The pain i* due to a rupture
or stretching of the ligaments surrounding the coccyx,
or to fracture or dislocation of that bone.

Coccygotomy (kok-sig-ot'-o-me) \k6kkvI-, coccyx ; rofii],
a cutting], tutting of the coccyx.

Coccyx (kok/-siks) \k6kkvI-, the cuckoo (resembling the
bill) ]. The last bone of the spinal column, formed
by the union of four rudimentary vertebrae. See
Bones, Tabic of.

Cochenille [Fr.]. Same as Cochineal.

Cochia (ki>' -ke-ah, or ko' '-che-ah) [I.. ; of <!r. KOKKU
pill]. An old, but not obsolete, name for certain
drastic and mainly aloetic pill- (pilula cochia). The
ime cochia is now adjectival.

Cochin China ; k>' chin chi'-nah) [native Asiatic]. A
country of lower Asia. C. Diarrhea, a form of
tropical diarrhea dependent upon the presence in the
intestine of a thread worm. Anguillula intestinalis,
and it- larval offspring. C. Leg. Synonym of
Elephantiasis arabum. C. Ulcer, an affection of
Cochin China characterized by deep ulceration of the
extremities. It is supposed to be the same as
Furunculus or/, n talis.

('<>< IIIM'.AI,

:;<)7

( '1.1 ,< iSPKKM

Cochineal (koch'-in-il, or koch-in-ll*) [ME., cut-
chaneal]. The dried insects of a species "t plant
lice, Coccus cacti, parasitic upon a cactus of Mexico
and Central America. It contains a rich red coloring
matter, carmin, used mainly as a dyeing agent. See
Pigments, Conspectus of. It is thought to he valuable
in infantile whooping-cough. Dose gr. y^.

Cochlea {kok'-le-ah\ [/»<, \/<"\ a conch-shell]. A cav-
ity of the internal ear resembling a snail-shell. It
describes two and a half turns about a central pillar
called the modiolus or columnella, forming the spiral
canal, about I ' 2 inches in length. The latter is di-
vided into three canals or scake, — the scale tympaui,
vestibuli, and media. See also, I:ar. 2. In botany,
a coiled legume, like that of Medicago.

Scala tympani.
lar canal.

3. Anterior or triangu-

Cochlea.
2. Scala vestibuli.
4. Posterior or quadrilateral canal. 5, 5. Spiral
ligament. 6. External spiral sulcus 7. Membrana tectoria,
or membrane of Corti. 8. Membrana basilaris. 9 Spiral
vessel, to. Limbus laminae spiralis. 11. Pillars of Organ
of Corti. 12. Branch of cochlear nerve. 13. Ganglion
spirale. 14 Branch of cochlear nerve between the lamellae
of the lamina spiralis ossea 15. One of the orifices by
which this branch penetrates the canal of Corti. 16. Part of
bony cochlea. 17. Lining periosteum. 18. Membrane of
Keissner.

Cochlear {kok'-le-ar) [k6\7oc, a conch-shell]. Per-
taining or belonging to the cochlea. C. Nerve, the
nerve supplying the cochlea. See Nerves, Table of.

Cochlear, or Cochleare ( kok'-le-ar, or kok-le-a'-re )
[L. : pi., Cochlearia~\. A spoon; a spoonful. C. mag-
num, a tablespoon ; C. medium, a dessert-spoon ;
C. minimum, a teaspoon.

Cochlearia [kok-le-ar'-e-ah). See Horseradish.

Cochleate { kok' -le-at) \cochleatus, spiral]. Spirally
coiled, like a snail-shell.

Cochlitis [kok-W '-lis) [hii)/oc, a conch-shell; trig, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the cochlea.

Cockroach ( kok'-roch). See Blatta.

Coco (ko'-kd). Synonym of Yaws. See Framboesia.

Coco, or Cocoa (ko' ko) [Port., cacao~\. See Cacao and
Theobroma. C.-nut, the nut of Cocos nucifera, a
palm-tree of tropical coast-regions. The oil is used
as a substitute for cod-liver oil, and in Germany it is
employed in pharmacy in the place of lard. C.-nut
Fiber, coir. The coarse fibrous covering of the nut
of the cocoa-palm is largely used in making brooms,
brushes, matting, and coarse carpeting. The fiber is
coarse, stiff, very elastic, round, and smooth like hair.
It also has great tenacity, and is well adapted for
cordage. C.-nut Oil, oleum cocois, is obtained from
the dried pulp of the cocoa-nut by expression. It is
an oil of the consistency of butter, fusing at from 730 to
8o° F. (22. 70 to 26. 6° C.). When fresh, it is white in
color and of sweet taste and agreeable odor, but it

easily becomes rancid. It is easily saponified, even
in the cold. It is u>ed in the manufacture of candles
and Soap.

Cocomania {ko-ko-ma' -ne-ah) . See Cocainomania .

Cocomaniac {ko-ko-ma' '-ne-ak). Sec Cocainomaniac.

Cocoolein [ko-ko-cZ-le-ih) [Port., cacao; oleum, oil].
A proprietary substitute foi cod liwr oil, said to be
derived froi a nut oil.

Cocotte [ko-kof) [Fr.]. Synonym of Influenza.

Coction [kok'-shun) [coctio ; coquere, to cook], 1.
Digestion. 2. The preparatory alteration that morbific
matter undergoes in preparation for its discharge.

Cod (kod ) [ME., cod]. 1. Thescrotum. 2. Thebelly.
3. In the plural, the testes. 4. The Gadus morrhua,
a lish furnishing a valuable medicinal product. C-
liver Oil, an oil derived from the liver of the Gadus
morrhua, and ranging in color according to the method
of its preparation from pale-straw to dark-brown ; its
-pecific gravity is. 923 to .924 or even .930 at 150 C.
The finer qualities are used for medicinal purposes,
the darker by tanners and curriers. See Morrhua.

Codamin {ko/ -dam-in) \k£>6zui, the head; poppy-head;
amin\, < ,„II25N04. A crystalline alkaloid of opium,
isomeric with laudanin. When ferric chlorid is added
6 to it, it assumes a deep-green color.

Codein (kof-den) \jdt6eia, the poppy-head], C,8H21N< '
1 1 ,< ). A white, crystalline alkaloid of opium. It is
:1G mildly calmative and is serviceable in diabetes mel-
litus. It is also valuable in ovarian pain. Dose gr.
ss-ij. C. Phosphate, soluble in water. Similar to
morphin in action, but less toxic. Dose, hypodermi-
callv. gr. ss. C. Sulphas, dose gr. ' ()-'4 . C. Valeri-
anate, an antispasmodic and sedative. Dose gr. '. .

Codex (ki>'-deks) [L. : //., Codices']. A pharmacopeia
or book of formulae ; specifically, the French pharma-
copeia.

Codie Pine Resin. See Cotvdie-gum.

Codonostoma 1 ko-do-nos' -to-mah) [K<jrk>i',abell ; at
a mouth]. In biology, applied to the oral or disc
aperture of certain marine invertebrates, medusa;, etc.

Ccelelminth {se'-lel-minth). See Celelminth.

Ccelia (se'-lc-ah). See Celia.

Cceliac (se'-le-ak). See Celiac.

Cceliaca [se-li' '-ak-ah) . See Celiaca.

Cceliadelphus (se-le-ad-el'-fus). See Celiadelphus.

Cceliagra (se-le-a'-grah). See Celiagra.

Ccelialgia [se-le-al'-je-ah). See Celialgia.

Ccelian, Cceline (se'-le-an, se'-lin). See Celean, Celine.

Cceliocyesis (se-le-o-si-e'-sis). See Celiocyesis.

Cceliolymph (se'-le-o-limf). See Celiolymph.

Cceliomyalgia (se-le-o-mi-aF -je-ali). See Celiomyalgia.

Ccelioncus [se-leong'-kus). See Celioncus.

Ccelioplegia (se-le-o-ple'-je-ah) [/cof/U'a, the belly;
t> /,;//, a stroke]. A synonym of Asiatic cholera.

Cceliopyosis (se-le-o-pi-o'-sis). See Celiopyosis.

Cceliorrhcea (sc-le-or-e'-ah). See Celiorrhca.

Ccelioschisis (se-le-os'-kis-is). See Celioschisis.

Ccelioscope (se'-le-o-s&op). See Celioscope.

Caeliotomy (se-le-of ' -o-me). See Celiotomy.

Ccelitis (se-li' -tis). See Celitis.

Ccelodont (se'-lo-dont) \ko17.oc, hollow ; bdoig, tooth].
Hollow-toothed, as certain lizards — the opposite of
Pleodont, or solid-toothed.

Ccelom, Cceloma (se'-lom, se-lo'-mab). S "i.

Ccelophlebitis (se-lo-tlc-bi'-tis). Si phlebitis.

Ccelophthalmia (se-loff-thal'-me all). See Celophthal-
mia.

Ccelosis (se-!o'-sis). See Celosis.

Ccelosoma <se-lo-so/-mah). See Celosoma.

Ccelosperm (sef-lo-sperm\ [/cotAoc, hollow; G-ep/ia,
seed]. In biology, a seed so curved as to form a con-
cavity on one of its surfaces.

CCELOST< 'MIA

308

C'UKK

Coelostom.-i oia-

Ccelumbrc.a lollow; um-

ln biology, the con-
umbrella ft .)/,
Ccenenchym.i common;

In biology, the calcified tissue
i .1 compound Acti-

Ccenesthcsis

Ccenobium life].

[,, olony of

. common ini
sit.
Ccenoblast • •'

nn], the primitive germinal layer,

n ami mesoderm.
Ccencecium common; r,)h , a

ramon dermal system
polypidom of Johnson.
Ccenosarc oramon; aapi, flesh].

In . Allman's term for the "common living

mposite zoo-
another."
Ccenosteum tm) \kqiv6c, common ; ooredv,

. tin- calcareous ectoderm of hy-

Ccenotype . common ; rr-<>r, type].

ital type-form of a group.

Ccenjru- . common; ovpd, tail].

I'h . Kiichenmeister, pro

ducing the d called staggers. See also

ration. C. cerebralis, a many-

Itid found mainly in the brain ami spinal

tnd lostly in young animals |.

mally it has been discovered in tin- muscles of

man. It i> now known to be the larva of the tape-

ni. Tan .i . See Parasites [Animal),

Cceroulignone - '-non) [caruleus, blue; lig-

l], CjBH1606. Cedriret; a derivative of

I i tyi. It separates as a violet powder

nit i> ] Jiiritied on a large scale

tssium chromate It is insoluble in the

rents, and i-< precipitated in fine, steel-blue

a its phenol solution, by alcohol or ether.

Coffee - C.-bean, Kentucky,

lie for Gymnocladus canadensis. C-

grouni Vomit, the material ejected by emesis in

■i of the stomach and other
!■ '-.-i^t-. of blood and other
aach changed by the action of the
C -tree, Kentucky. See Chicot.
Coffeinism ■ izm) [ Bee]. Kxcessive

hab the si ite of ill-health that

. it.
Coffer Dam, Barnum's. See Rubber Dam.
Coffeurin u' -rin) \caffea, coffee; obpov, urine].

nt in urine after

; age or medicine. The

M>r is red,

'.VII.

Coffin sket]. I. A case in

1 body. 2, In farriery, the

• bool C. -birth, post-

I "i,. C.-bone, tin: las) 01

.1.

CoBBnism advo-

quackery or professed -vstem
■I 111. .in

Cogged Breath-sound. I iration or

ni,/.

Cogwheel Breathing or Respiration. See Cogwheel
Sound and Breath-sounds. C. Sound, a pathologic
sound sometimes heard in auscultation of the lungs,

due to interruptions in the accession ol air to a part;
this gives tin- sound an intermitting character. See
Breath- Sounds.

Cohabitation [ko-hab-it-af -shun) [con, together;
habitare, to dwell]. The living together of a man
and woman, with or without legal marriage. Sexual
ci >nn< ' ii. 'ii

Cohen's Method. A method of inducing premature
labor. It consists in injecting fluid into the uterine
cavity between the uterine wall and the ovum. See
Treating nt. Methods of.

Cohesion [ko-he' '-zhun) \coharere, to stick together].
The force whereby molecules of matter adhere to
i other. The "attraction of aggregation."

Cohn's Fluid. A fluid culture-medium. It is com-
posed of potassium phosphate, o.i gm.; magnesium
sulphate, o.l gm.; tricalcic phosphate, o.oi gm.; dis-
tilled water, 20 gm.; ammonium tartrate, 0. 2 gm.

Cohnheim's Areas. See Area. C. Fields. See Colin -
heim's Areas. C. Frog. See Salt-frog. C. Method,
a method of staining tissues. See Stains, Table of.
C. Theory, a theory as to the origin of tumors; a
satisfactory hypothesis, namely, to the effect that all
true tumors are due to faulty embryonal development.
The embryonal cells do not undergo the normal
changes, are displaced, or are superfluous. When
the favorable conditions are presented later in life
tiny take on growth, with the formation of tumors of
various kinds.

Cohnstein's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Cohobation (Icoho-ba' -shun) [cohobare, to redistil].
I. Redistillation. 2. Recurrence of disease.

Cohosh (ko'-lios/i) [Am. Ind.]. A name given to
several medicinal plants. C, Black. See Cimicifuga.
C, Blue. See Caulophyllum.

Coil [koil) [colligere, to gather together]. Rings formed
by winding, as a wire. C. -gland. See Sweat-gland.
C, Induction, rolls of wire in which an electric cur-
rent is induced by the alternate opening and closing of
a circuit. C, Leiter's. See Letter's Tubes. C,
Ruhmkorff, an induction-coil, or spark-coil.

Coiling [koil'-ing) \colligere, to bind together]. Form-
ing into spirals or rings. C. of the Cord. See Cord.

Coin Jication {ko-in-de-ka* -shun) [eon, with ; indicare,
to indicate]. A concurrent indication ; a collateral
and confirmatory indication. Cf. Contraindication.

Coin-test [koin'-test). See BaccellVs Sign, and Bell-
Sound .

Coir (l'ir) [Tamil, kayaru, a rope]. See Coeoanut-
fiber.

Coiter's Corrugator. The corrugator supercilii. See
Muscles, Table of.

Coition [ko-ish'-un) \coire, to come together]. Same
as Coitus.

Coitus [kof-it-us) [ «/«, to come together]. The act
of sexual connection. Copulation. C. Disease, the
venereal disease of the horse. C. reservatus, con-
gressus interruptus : incomplete copulation ; the in-
complete performance of the sexual act; onanism.

Coix \ko/-iks) [m»;, ;iii Kgyptian variety of palm ]. \
nus of coarse monecious grasses. C. lacrima. an
old world -|. i of grass, having veiy large and hard
Is, called fob's teat . from which beads are made
which are worn a- amulets, and are thought to a^sis(
the process of dentition when bitten upon by young
teething children. The seeds an- used locally for
lung troubles and for dropsy Inof.

Coke [kok] [origin uncertain], The solid product of
the carbonization of coal.

COKO DISEASE

309

COLIC

Coko Disease {ko'-ko dis-ez'). A name applied in the
liji Islands to a disease resembling Yaws.

Cola [ko'Lah). See Kola-nut.

Colalgia [ko-lal' '-je-ah) \tUfhov, the colon; a?.yoc, pain].
Pain in the great intestine.

Colation (ko-la/-shuu) \_colare, to strain]. The opera-
tion of straining.

Colatorium Ikol-at-o' -re-um) [!-■]• A sieve, colander,
or strainer ; used in pharmacy.

Colature [kot -lat-yiir) [colatura, straining]. In phar-
macy, a liquifl that has been subjected to eolation.

Colchicein {kol-chis-e' '-in) \_K<i'/\non, colchicum], Cu-
ll.^ NO- + 2ll20. A crystalline decomposition-product
of colchicin.

Colchicin {kol'chis-in) [/co/;$7/><ir, colchicum], C,7II19-
N05. An alkaloid of colchicum; it isa pair, brown-
ish-yellow, exceedingly bitter powder, freely soluble in
water. It is a very active poison. Its dose is gr.
yjjj or \ milligram, hypodermatically.

Colchicum [kolr -chik-um) [ko?.xik6v, colchicum : gen.,
Colchici\. Meadow Saffron. The corm and seed of C.
autumnale, with properties due to an alkaloid, colchicin.
It is an emetic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and drastic
cathartic. It is valuable in acute gout, and is used
with good results in gonorrhea. Dose of the pow-
dered root gr. ij— viij , of the powdered seeds gr. j-v.
C, Extract. (15. P.). Dose gr. ss-ij. C, Extract.,
Aceticum (B.P.). Dose gr. ss-ij. C. Rad., Ext.,
dilute acetic acid 35, powdered root loo parts, water
q. s. Dose gr. l/2-\). C. Rad., Ext., Fid. Dose
rnjj-x. C. Rad., Vinum, 40 per cent, in strength.
Dose n\v-xv. C. Sem., Ext., Fid. Dose n\j-v.
C. Sem., Vinum, 15 per cent, in strength. Dose
rn^x-xxx. C, Tinct., prepared from the seed ;
strength 15 per cent. Dose n\,x-xxx. C, Vinum
(B.P.). Dose rr\_x-xxx.

Colcothar (hoi' '-ko-thar) [ML.]. A crude sesquioxid
of iron ; red oxid of iron ; a tonic and hemostatic.
Unof. See also Pigments, Conspectus of.

Cold {hold) [AS. , ceald\ I. The comparative want of
heat. 2. A term used popularly for coryza and catarrhal
conditions of the respiratory tract. Cold is employed
largely in various forms as a therapeutic agent, mainly
for the purpose of lowering temperature and allay-
ing irritation and inflammation. It may be used in
the form of affu<ion, that is, the sudden application of
a considerable volume of cold water to the body. This
application of trie cold douche is contraindicated in all
cases of extreme weakness, with feeble pulse. Cold
may be used as an anesthetic (see Anesthetic) ; in baths
(see Bath) ; in the form of compresses applied over
the affected part ; in the form of irrigation, especially
in the treatment of bruised and injured members ; as a
lotion, for the purpose of relieving local heat, pain, and
swelling; as an injection, in the form of ice- water, into
the vagina or rectum, for various conditions ; and as
the cold pack , which is a valuable means of reducing
the body-temperature in cases of hyperpyrexia. The
patient is wrapped in a sheet wrung out of cold water ;
as this becomes warm, it is replaced by a fresh cold
one, or iced water may be poured upon it, or lumps of
ice placed upon and around it. When the temperature
is reduced the wet sheet should be removed and a light
covering applied, but not a blanket. This is not as
efficacious as the cold bath. Cold may be applied in
the dry form by means of the ice-cap or /'ladder, an
india-rubber bag filled with ice, snow, or a freezing
mixture. C. Abscess. See Abscess. C. -blooded.
See Poikilothermic. C. on the Chest, bronchial
catarrh, q. v. C. Coil. See Letter's Coils. C.
Cream. See Rosa. C. Freckles. See Lentigo.
C. Pack. See Cold. C. Plague. Synonym of

Cerebrospinal Meningitis. C. Sore, same as Fe-eer-
blister. C. Spots. See Temperature Sense-, C.
Stroke, a condition, the analogue of heat-stroke, in
which from excessive cold the patient 1- suddi nl) •
come and falls into a comatose state, shortly followed,
as a rule, by death. C. Test, a test applied ch
to lubricating oils to determine the point at which the
oil In lmii- (o congeal, and ceases to How.

Colectomy (ko-lck'-to-m, ) [k<5Aoi>, colon; Hcroyu#, cut-
ting out]. Excision of a portion of the colon.

Coleitis \col-e-i* '-tis) [mj/.£oc, sheath; trie, inflamma-
tion]. Vaginitis.

Coleocele [ko/'-c-o-sel) [ko/.c<5c, sheath; kt/'/j/, tumor].
Vaginal tumor or hernia.

Coleophyl 1 kol' -e-o-fil) \twke6c, sheath; QvXXov, leaf].
In biology, the investing sheath of the monocotyle-
donous plumule.

Coleoptosis {kol-e-op-to> '-sis) \ko\e6c, sheath; Trri.inir, a
fall]. Prolapse of the vaginal wall.

Coleorhiza {kol-e-or-i* '-zaA) \koXe6c, sheath ; l>Ka, root].
In biology, a sheath that envelops the radicle in
some embryos and through which roots penetrate
when the seed germinates.

Coleorrhexis (kol-e-or-eks' -is) [no/roe, a sheath ; pf/i":,
a rupture]. Rupture of the vagina.

Coleostegnosis (kol-e-o-steg-no' -sis) [ko7.eoc, a sheath ;
ariyvuoi.c, a constriction]. Contraction or atresia of
the vagina.

Colic (kol'-ik) \_colicns, ku'/ikoc, pertaining to the colon].
I. Pertaining to the colon. 2. A severe griping pain
in the bowels or adjacent organs, as, e /tic,

nephritic, etc. In intestinal colic the pains radiate
over the abdomen from the region of the umbilicus.
The belly is usually distended (save in /.,
q. v.), and pressure will usually relieve the pain.
Colic may be due to irritation from the intestinal
contents, a diseased condition of the bowel-wall, re
flex irritation from other abdominal viscera, and
general blood-poisoning. C. of the Antilles, an ende-
mic form of colic somewhat resembling lead-colic. C.
Arteries. See Arteries, Table of. C, Biliary. -
Gall-stones. C, Bilious. See C, Endemic. C,
Copper, a colic or pain in the intestinal canal seen
in workers in copper, and differing from lead colic
in being attended with extreme prostration and diar-
rhea. The duration is short and the prognosis favor-
able. C, Cramp. See Cramp. C, Devonshire.
Synonym of C, Lead. C, Dry. See C, Endemic.
Also a synonym of C, Lead. C, Endemic, a variety
of colic occurring epidemically in some of the inter-
tropical countries. Its symptoms resemble those of
lead-colic. It is not accompanied by any constant
lesion ; it lasts from eight to fifteen days and may
end in general paralysis and death, or it may become
chronic. Relapses are frequent. C, Hill.
Hill Diarrhea. C Horn. Synonym of Priapism.
C, Lead, or C Saturnine, or Colica /'/,.'. uum,
painter's colic, is that due to lead-poisoning. It is
common among those who use or work with lead.
It is characterized by excruciating abdominal pain, a
hard and retracted condition of the abdomen, slow
pulse, and increased arterial tension. C, Madrid.
Synonym of C, Lead. C, Meconial, the colic of
the new-born. C, Menstrual, the pain of menstrua-
tion. C Mucous. See Enteritis, membra-
nous. C, Nervous. See C, Endemic C, Nor-
mandy. Synonym of C, Lead. C. of Poitou.
Synonym of C, Lead. C. Root. See Aletris and
Dioscorea. C, Sailors', a form of colic common
among sailors. C. of Surinam. Synonym of C,
Lead. C, Uterine, colic-like pains experienced at
the menstrual epochs, often coming on in paroxysms.

C( 'I I< \

310

COLLODION'

C West Indian. Synonym of C,

Zinc. .1 form of colic due to chronic tine poisonii
Colica C.pictonum |

lie of the people of Poitou Paint

C. pituitosa. Syno
nvin ol C. scorto-

rum. a pain in the p< youthful prostitutes, symp-

ts 1 1 « .1 11 tin-n-
un It is due probably (<■ a

Colicodynia Pain in the large

inti
Colicoplegia . pertainingto

i the intes-

Colttis • - >tine ; - - . in-

mmation nt' the colon. See also
C.. Mucous.
C, Pellicular. A synonym of Mem-

Collagen , glue ; . to pro-

isting in various tissues ol the
ad cartilage; it is converted
latin by I
Collapse Mil together]. Exti

stration from failure of nervous

shock, hemorrhage, etc. C. of

Lung, return of a portion or the whole of a lung to

fetal or airless condition from some mechanical

'Hindrance to the entrance of air. It is characterized

by . with more <>r less cyanosis, and is mainly

encountered in broncho-pneumonia. C, Parturient,

urient apoplexy; vitular or vitulary fever; puer-

ver in cow-.

Collapsing [kol- \coUabere, to fall together].

Idenly breaking down. C. Pulse. See Cor-

i'.i

CoIIapsu its) [L.]. Collapse. C. corneae,

;re collapse of the cornea.

Collar '-•.)■ [ME.,«4r]. Something worn about

the neck. C Adjusting, in microscopes, a ring or

collar acting on a screw to increase or decrease the

ince between th« is of lenses of an objective.

C.-bone. S C.-cell, in biology, a

gellate cell having the base of the rlagellum sur-

! by a collar-like extension of the cell-wall.

C -crown, in dentistry, an artificial crown, to be en-

. on a natural root, attached to which is a gold

• which encircles the exposed portion of the root,

to the lining or hacking that holds the

■ - m ises, or to the dowel by means of a

i-e of the artificial crown and the

natural i

Collatera: al) [con, together ; lateralis, of

the side]. Accessory or secondary ; not direct or im-

Collecting Tubes of the Kidney. A name given to

the dui ts disi barging into the calices of the kidneys.
Collector to collect]. A de-

which any number of cells may be taken from
urrent.
Collenchyma m-ak) [ko/'/ji, glue;

i »n]. In biology, ap] a modified plant-

parenchyma in which tbe cells arc thickened at the

lie-like mass.
Collenchyme 0, glue ; /; xvhXL> an

'" gelatinous matrix

Collencyte , rofj

1,1 --sue

• • i
' •• > ol thi perineal

Colles Fascia.

fascia It is attached to the base of the triangular
ligament, to the anterior lips of the rami of the pubes
and ischia laterally, and anteriorlj it is continuous
with the fascia oi tin- scrotum. C. Fracture.
Fracture, and Diseases, Table of C. Law. See
Law C. Ligament. See Ligament. C. Opera-
tion. S ations, Table of
ColKt I i . 'lum, tin- neck]. A neck or
collar. A term applied by some writers on dental
anatomy to the neck of a tooth.

Colleterium [kol-et-e,-re-um) [m</> /,.<){•, glued to-
gether]. In biology, a gland in certain insects that
secretes a viscid substani e for gluing the ova together.

Colletic i kol t-t'-ik) [/v<;>>./;, /mv ; mi'/'/h, glue]. Oluey ;
promoting surgical union in wounds.

Colletocystophore {ko-let-osis'-to-for) [KoXkr/ri/c, one
who glues; kvotic, bladder; (pipeiv, to bear]. In
biology, marginal bodies found in lucernarian hydro-
zoans.

Colliculus [kol-ikf -u-his) [dim. of collis, hill: //.,
Colliculi~\. Any eminence of the cerebral parietes.
The colliculi are the caudatum, hippocamp, calcar,
collateral eminence, occipital eminence, and amyg-
daline eminence.

Collidin \kol'-id-in) [n6A?.a, glue], CH1I,,N. A name
given to N'encki's ptomaine-base, isomeric but not
identical with aldehyd-collidin. The ptomaine was
obtained from pancreas and gelatin allowed to putrefy
together in water. Its constitution is still unknown.
The free base is oily, and possesses a peculiar, agree-
able odor. Nencki believed it an aromatic base. Its
physiologic action appears to be doubtful, but an
isomer of it discovered in ox-blood fibrin and in
putrefied jelly-fish has a poisonous effect resembling
that of curara. Frogs poisoned by the isomer emit
an orange-flower odor. N'encki's collidin is isomeric
with collidin obtained from coal-tar.

Collier's Lung. Synonym of Anthracosis.

Collilongus (kol-e-lon ' n\ \collum, neck; longus,
long]. The muscle called longus colli. See Muscles.

Collimator [koV -im-a-tor) {jollimare, to aim at]. The
receiving telescope of a spectroscope.

Collin's Black, CfiHjN. A name for Anilin lilack,
employed in staining microscopic sections.

Collinsonia {kol-in-so' -ne-ah) [after Peter Collinson, an
English gentleman], A genus of labiate herbs. C.
canadensis (stone-root, heal-all), is a coarse plant
with a disagreeable smell ; it has useful tonic, diuretic,
and diaphoretic properties. Dose gr. xv-lx in decoc-
tion ; of the fluid extract ^x-^j; of the tincture
(i in io) £ ss-ij.

Collinsonin {kol-in-so1 '-nin) [Collinsonia]. A precipitate
from the tincture of the root of Collinsonia canadensis.
It is tonic, diaphoretic, resolvent, and diuretic. Dose
2 to 4 grains. Unof.

Colliquation (kol-ik-wa' '-shun) [con, together ; liquare,
to melt]. The liquefaction or breaking down of a
tissue or organ.

Colliquative [kol-ikf -wa-tiv) [con. together; liquare.
to melt]. Exhausting; enfeebling; copiously pro-
fuse or excessive ; marked by excessive fluid dis-
charge. C. Diarrhea, a profuse watery diarrhea. C.
Necrosis, a high degree of inflammatory process in
the tissues, with active movement of the leucocytes
toward the central focus and rapid breaking down of
the tissues, forming an abscess-cavity. C. Sweat, a
profuse, clammy sweat.

Collocystis [kol-o-sis1 '-tis) [Ko/wa, glue ; Kvanc, cysts].
A gelatin capsule to facilitate the swallowing of a
■ hug.

Collodion ikol-o' -de-on) [Ko'/'/fjih/c, glue-like]. See
Pyro xylin.

COLLOOIL M

311

' OLOR

Collodium (kol-o'-de-um). Se< Pyroxylin.

Colloid (kol'-oid) [ko/>«, glue], i. A non-crystalliza
ble and generally soluble organic substance.
Dialysis. 2. A mobile pathologic material, jelly tiki .
firmer than mucus, ami differing in it ^ reactions from
albumin and from lardacein. 3. Having (In- nature
of glue. 4. In chemistry, amorphous and non crystal
line. C. Cancer. See Cancer. C. Degeneration
of the Skin, a rare disease, o< 1 lining chiefly on the
upper part of the face, in the form of small, glistening,
translucent, flattish elevations, and yielding by pres-
sure a small, jelly-like mass. C. Milium. See Mil-
ium .

Colloma (kol-of-maK) [mi/'/a, glue; bfta, a tumor: />/.,
Collomata~\. A cystic tumor containing a gelatiniform,
amorphous, and non-vascular substance.

Collonema (kol-o-ne/-mah) [h<i/'/<i, glue; vfjua, tissue:
pi. , Collonemata"^. Myxoma, or myxosarcoma.

Collum (kol'-ttm) [L.]. The neck; especially the
anterior part of the neck. C. distortum. Synonym
of Torticollis.

Collunarium (kol-un-a' '-re-um) [L.]. A nasal douche.

Collyrium [kol-ir'-e-um) [w)/./i,»r, an eye-salve: pi. ,
Colfyria], An astringent, antiseptic, or medicinal
lotion for the eyes. More rarely, a vaporous or gase-
ous medicament for application to the eyes, or even
a powder, or solid, to be used in treating the eye
topically, is called a collyrium. (Anciently, any
suppository or medicated bougie was thus called.) C.
adstringens luteum. See Graefe s Collyrium and
fforsfs Eye-water.

Coloboma \kol-o-bo' -mah)*\_Kt>'/ oIoeiv, to mutilate: //. ,
Colobomata\. A cleavage or fissure of parts of the
eye, of congenital or traumatic origin. Congenital C.
are due to imperfect closure of fissures during fetal
development. C, Bridge, a variety in which the
pupil is separated from the coloboma by a narrow
thread of iris-tissue that stretches like a bridge from
one pillar of the coloboma to the other.

Colocentesis (kol-o-sen-tef-sis) \_k67mv, colon ; kevttioic,
puncture]. Surgical puncture of the colon.

Colocleisis (kol-o-kli'-sis) [ko'/.ov, colon ; K/.elatc, clo-
sure]. Occlusion of the colon.

Colocynth (kol'-o-sintk). See Colocynthus.

Colocynthein ( kol-o-sin' -the-in ) [ko/.okwO'ic , colo-
cynth], C^H^Ojj. A resinous decomposition-product
of colocynthin.

Colocynthin (kol-o-sin' thin) [m'/oKwdic, colocynth],
C-jjH^O^. The active principle of colocynth ; an
extract, or a yellow amorphous, neutral, exceedingly
bitter powder, soluble in water and alcohol, but not in
ether. It is an irritant hydragogue cathartic. Dose

er. l% to I.

Unof.

Colocynthis [kol-o-sin' -this) [koKokovBiq, colocynth].
Colocynth. The fruit of C. citrullus, from which the
seeds and rind have been rejected. Its properties are
due to a bitter glucosid, colocynthin. C56H8t023, the dose
of which is gr. ^ - I. It is a tonic and astringent pur-
gative, and is used mainly as an ingredient of compound
cathartic pills. It is somewhat useful in colic, sciatic
rheumatism, and neuralgia. C, Ext., alcoholic. Dose
gr. ]/2-V). C, Ext., Comp., contains colocynth ex-
tract 16, aloes 50, cardamom 6, resin of scammony 14,
soap 14, alcohol 10. Dose gr. v-xx. C, Pilula
Comp. (B. P.) contains colocynth, aloes, scammony,
sulphate of potassium and oil of cloves. Dose gr.
v— x. Pilulae Cathartic. Comp., compound cathartic
pills ; contain each, comp. ext. of 0 > 1 < icj nth gr. 1. 3, ab-
stract jalap gr. j, calomel gr. j, gamboge gr. J^. Dose
j-iij pills. Pil. catharticae vegetabiles, contain colo-
cynth, hyoscyamus, jalap, leptandra, resin of podophyl-
lum, oil of peppermint. Pil. colocynth et hyoscyam.

Dose gr. v-x. Laville's Anti-gout Remedy, con-
tains colocynthin 2.yz, quinin, cinchonirj aa -
ish wine 800, alcohol loo, water 1000 parts.
Colocynthitin (kol-o-sin' -tkii-in) [koao < olo-

i yniii] A crystalline, tasteless, inactive principle of
colocynth.

Colo-enteritis (kol-o-en-ter-V ' -tis ) [/.ww, col

, an intestine; trig, inflammation]. Inflamma-
tion of the small and large intestine. See Enlero-
< otitis.

Cologne {kol-on'\. See Spiritus odoralus. C. Spirit,
rectified commercial alcohol. C. Glue. See Glue.
C. -water, aqua cologniensis. See Spiritus odoratus.
C. -water Habit, the use of cologne-water as a
drink for the purpose of experiencing the effects of
the alcohol which it contains.

Colognese (kol-on-ez' ). Same as Cinder.

Colomba, Colombo (kol-om'-bah, kol-om'-bo). See
Calumba.

Colomiatti, Bacillus of. See Bacteria.

Colon (ko'-lon) \k67av, kuIXov, the colon]. The secon-
and principal part of the large intestine. In the
various parts of its course it is known as the ascending
C, the transverse C, the descending C, and the
moid flexure.

Colonia (ko-lon-i'-ah). Synonym of Dysentery.

Colonic (fco-lon'-ik) \ku?iov, the colon]. Pertaining to
the colon.

Colonitis (ko-lon-i'-tis). See Coliti .

Colony \kol'-o-ne) [colonia, a colony]. A collection or
assemblage, as of microorganisms in a special culture.
C. Treatment, for the insane. See Gheel System.

Colophony Resin (kol'-o-fo-ne) [/co/kxpwv, a city of
Ionia]. Rosin. The solid residue left on distilling
off the volatile oil from crude turpentine. Rosin
is a brittle, tasteless, very friable solid, of smooth.
shining fracture, specific gravity about 1. 08. It
softens at 8o° C. (1760 F. ), and fuses completely
to a limpid, yellow liquid at 1350 C. (2750 F. |. It is
insoluble in water, with difficulty soluble in alcohol,
freely soluble in ether, acetone, benzene, and fatty
oils. See Resin.

Coloproctia (kol-o-prok' -te-ali) \_k67.ov, colon ; irpoicrdg,
anus]. The formation of an artificial colonic anus.

Colopuncture (kol' '-o-punk' -chur) \_ko'/.ov, colon ; punc-
tura, puncture]. Same as Coloccnt,

Coloquintida (kol-o-kwin' -tid-ah) [ML.]. An old
name for colocynth.

Color (kull'-er) [color, color]. The differences in the
appearance of a thing seen, other than those due to
form and relief. The tint or hue of an object, de-
pendent upon the number of vibrations of the ethereal
stimulus. See Pigment. C. -blindness. See Blind-
ness. C, Complementary, any color that added to
another color, or to a mixture of colors, produces
white. C. -contrast, any two colors that, when mixed,
supplement the prevailing tone of the light- C.-cure,
the supposed therapeutic effect of exposure to variously
colored light. C. -hearing, the excitation of the
visual center for color through the auditory nerve ; the
perception of sound photisms. See /'holism. C-
image, an image of a highly-colored object lighted
with so wide an aperture that the refraction-images are
drowned in the light. C. -sensation, depends on the
number of vibrations of the ether, the same as the
pitch of a note depends on the number of vibrations
of the sounding body. Hcring s Theory of C.-s pre-
dicates disassimilation and assimilation (decomposition
and restitution) of the visual substance in vision —
white, red. and yellow representing the sensation of
disassimilation, black, green, and blue that of restitu-
tion. The Young- Helmholtz Theory assumes three

Col I (RECTI IIS

312

COLTS 1 ( lOT

kinds "t nerve-elements corresponding t.> tin- three
primarj Stimulation "i the rirst develops

red, of the second, green, of the third, violet.

C. -sense, the faculty 1>> which the various
are distinguished. C.-top. i mtaining

mi tht 'i it> » li -<.- .1 numb

•• mixed" by rapid whirling. Colors, Mixed, i
produced when the retina i^ excited by two or more
C, Saturated, i Mining little

lute C, Simple, those of the spectrum.
Colorectitis ctus,

•.tr.u^'nr : - . inflammation]. Inflammation of the

..i synonym of Dysentery.
Colorectostom . v, colon;

. a mouth] The Mirgical
tun n the colon and the
.im.
Colorimeter i [color, color; it; -

measure]. An instrument for determining the quan-
ta matter in a mixture, as in the blood.
3
Colorin .color]. An alcoholic extract

Coloring -in& i [color, color]. A lint or combi-

oal nrs. C. Matters. See Pigments, Colors,

■
Colostomy i ■{• . [k6Xov, colon; ardua, open-

i [Tie formation of an artificial anus by
an g into the colon ; coloproctia. 2. Any

>u:. ration upon the colon that maki > a i><rma-

nent opening into it, whether internal orexternal.
Colostration i i- <l-os-tra' '-shun i [colostrum, the first milk
livery]. A disease or illness of young infants
d to the effect-- of the colostrum.
Colostric i kol-o^-trik) [colostrum, the first milk after

livery]. Relating to colostrum.
Colostrou-* ' i [colostrum, the first milk after

very]. < >f the nature of or containing colostrum.
Colostrum l-oi '-tnun \ [L.]. The first milk from the
mother's breasts after the birth of the child. It is
- i ->ts in the expulsion of the meconium.
C. Corpuscles, small microscopic bodies contained
in the colostrum. They are the epithelial cells of the
mammary glands, full of oil globules. After about
the third day these cells bur>t and set free the fat
globuh they leave the gland, and in this way

true milk i- firmed.
Colotomy ! [kSKov, colon; rsuveiv, to cut].

In< i ither abdominal, lateral, lum-

tinal, according to tin; region of entrance.
Colotyphus , smoke],

r with involvement of the colon. Also a
ry.
Colpaltcia ah) [niXnoq, vagina ; akyoc, pain],

neuralgia.
Colpaporrhexis | .■•-.», vagina;

or breakage]. Severance
dy of the uterus.
Colpatresia ah) [«W,7roc, vagina ;

n or atresia of the vagina.
Colpectasia , vagina ;

•lit]. Vaginal dilatati
Colpedema , vagina; oid^/m,

gina.
Colpemphraxis ' . ■ -,„■. vagina ;

m of the
Colpeurynter , vagina;

n]. An inflatabl 1 for dilating

Colpeurysis

•inal dilal illy that effected

Colpitis {kol-pi/-tis)[K6'\iro< . vagina ; irir, inflammation].

Inflammation of the vagina.
Colpocele [kol' -po-sil, or se/-le) [nd/.irng, vagina; «/>//,

tumor]. Hernia or tumor in the vagina.
Colpocleisis (kol-po-kli'-sis) [k6aitoc, vagina; nXetaig, a

sure]. The surgical closure of the vagina.
Colpocystic [kol-po-sis* -tik) [ndAirog, vagina; nc6c

bladder]. Relating to the vagina and the bladder;

\ esi« • • « aginal.
Colpocystitis [kol-po-sis-ti'-tis) [nu/rror, vagina; Ma-ir,

bladder; inr, inflammation]. Inflammation of the

vagina and the bladder.
Colpocystocele [holpo-sis,-to-sll) [K6"kiroct vagina;

kvotic, a bladder ; «///.//, a tumor]. A hernia of the

bladder into the vagina, with prolapse of the anterior

vaginal wall.
Colpocystosyrinx ( kol-po-sis-to-sir* -ingks) [k61tzo(; ,

vagina; irfwrnc, cyst; ovpiy!;, pipe]. Vesico-vaginal

fistula,
Colpocystotomia [kol-po-sis-to-to,-me-ah). See Colpo-

totomy.
Colpocystotomy (kol-po-sis-to/' -o-me) [ndXnog, vagina ;

hi orig, bladder ; rnur/, a cut]. Surgical incision of the

bladder through the vaginal wall.
Colpohyperplasia ( kol-po-hi-per-plaf -ze-ah ) [k6Xko{,

vagina; vwkp, over; nAaaos tv, to form] . Hyperplasia

of the vagina.
Colpo-hysterectomy (kol-po-his-ter-ek' -to-me) [k£Xito\ ,

vagina; voripa, womb ; sKTOfif/, excision]. Removal of

the uterus through the vagina.
Colpo-hysterotomy {kol-po-his-ter-of -o-me) [ndXirog,

vagina; i erf pa, womb; fofii], section]. Surgical in-
cision of the vagina anduteru-.
Colpoleukorrhea (kol-po-lu-kor-e'-ah) [k&'Kicoc, vagina;

'/ tvK.6c, white; pktiv, to flow]. Vaginal leucorrhea.
Colpo-myomotomy [kol-po-mi-o-mof '-o-nte) [ko'akoc,

vagina ; fivg, a muscle ; refivetv, to cut]. Vaginal

myomotomy.
Colpopathy {kol-pop'-a-the) [Ko'hnoc, vagina ; wdOoc,

illness]. Any disease of the vagina.
Colpoperineoplasty {kol-po-per-in-et -o-plas-te) [icdXirog,

vagina; irepiveov, the perineum ; -'/Jirsotiv, to form].

Plastic operation for abnormality of the vagina and

perineum.
Colpoplastic {kol-po-plas'-lik) [k67*ttoc, vagina; -r/nn-

aeiv, to form]. Relating to colpoplasty.
Colpoplasty [koV ' -po-plas-te) [ vagina; irXaooeiv,

to form]. Plastic surgical operation upon the vagina.
Colpoptosis {kol-pop-to'-sis) [i>o'/-i>e, vagina; KToatg,

a falling]. Prolapse of the vagina.
Colporrhagia {kol-por-a' '-j'e-ah) [ic6Xirog, vagina;

pi/)irv(u, to burst forth]. Vaginal hemorrhage.
Colporrhaphy [kol-por* '-a-fe) [iM/rror, vagina; pi

Mam]. Suture of the vagina.
Colporrhea [kol-por-ef -ah) [Kokiroc, vagina; poia, a

flow]. Vaginal leucorrhea; a mucous discharge from

the vagina.
Colporrhexis \kol-por-ek' '-sis) [k6/.~oc, vagina ; p

rupture]. Laceration or rupture of the vagina.
Colpostegnosis {Jiol-po-sleg-no' -sis) [sAXirog, vagina;

artyvaaic, closure]. Same as Colpostenosis.
Colpostenosis [kol-po [ndXirog, vagina; <-;-■

. narrow]. Stenosis or constriction of the vagina.
Colpotomy [kol-pot* -o-me) [/,'/>-<», vagina; "'""/, a

cutting]. Surgical or obstetric incision of the vagina.
Colpoxerosis [kol-po-ze-ro' '-sis) [ic6?.irog, vagina

dry]. Morbid dryness of the vagina.
Colt-ill [kdlf See Stran

Coltsfoot [koltz'-fooi). The leaves of Tussilago far-

fara, a demulcent and tonic, sometimes prescribed for

chronic cough. 1 lose of decoction, 3 j to < >j, a tea-

< upful ; of fld. ext. 3J-ij. I 110I

COLl'MIMX

313

MA

Columbin (kol-umf-biri). An active principle of Ca-
lumba. It is a colorless crystalline substance of
excessively bitter taste and neutral reaction,

Columbo [kol-umf -bo) . See Calumbo.

Columella {kol-u-rnel' -ah) [I.., a little column], i.
The column-like rod of birds and reptiles, a part of
the organ of hearing, corresponding to the stapes of
the higher animals. 2. The modiolus or central axis
of the cochlea of the human ear. See Cochlea and
Modiolus. C. res dentes ; the cuspid teeth an
called from their shape.

Column [koV-um) [columna, a column]. A pillar or
column. Applied to sundry column-like organs of the
body, and especially to certain parts of the spinal cord.
C, Anterior, the layer of white matter in either half

&&*&

POS
BOOT

Columns of Spinal Cord.

A. C. Anterior commissure. P. C. Posterior commissure. I.g
P. cor. Posterior cornu. c. c. p. Caput cornu posterioris.
A.-L. A T. Antero-lateral ascending tract, which extend
cord. (Gowers.)

of the spinal cord included between the anterior horn
and anterior nerve-roots, and the anterior median fis-
sure. It contains the anterior or direct pyramidal
tract, a portion of the antero-lateral ascending tract,
and a portion of the anterior ground-fibers. C,
Antero - lateral Ascending. See C. of Gowers.
C. of Burdach, the postero-external column of the
cord. C. of Clarke, a column of gray substance oc-
cupying the region to the outer and posterior part of
the central canal of the spinal cord, at the inner part
of the base of the posterior cornu. It is most marked
in the dorsal region, and contains fusiform cells, some
furnished with axis-cylinder processes. It is also called
the posterior vesicular column of the cord. C, Direct
Cerebellar, in the spinal cord, is >ituated outside of the
lateral pyramidal tract, and ventrad of the Spitzka-
Lissauer column. It is sensory or afferent. C, Dor-
so-mesal, a name for the posteromedian column of
the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. C. of Goll,
the postero-median column of the spinal cord. C,
Gowers', in the spinal cord, a bunch of fibers lying
in front of the direct cerebellar tract and reaching
around upon the periphery of the anterior pyramidal
tract. It is probably a sensory column containing
the nerves of pain and temperature. C, Lateral,
the layer of white matter in either half of the spinal
cord included between the posterior horn and posterior
nerve-roots, and the anterior horn and anterior nerve-

roots. It contains the lateral pyramidal tract, the di-
rect cerebellar tract, and the greater part of the
anterior ground-libers and anten. lateral ascending
tract. C. of Morgagni, vertical folds ol the re< tal mu
cous membrane seen at the point of union of the latter
with the skin of the anus. They diminish, but an no<
entirely effaced, when the bowel is distended. Between
their lower ends little arches are sometimes found
stretching from one to the other, forming pockets of
skin and mucous membrane. These are the sinuses of
Morgagni; they are more developed in old people.
C, Posterior, a collection of white-matter situated
in the spinal cord on either side between the posterior
horns and posterior nerve-roots, and the posterior
median fissure. It is divided into two parts by the

imperfect intermediate
septum, a narrow "pos-
teromedian column," and
a wide "postero-external
column.'' C, Postero-
external, the outer wider
division of the posterior
column of the cord ; the
column of Burdach. C,
Posteromedian, the me-
dian division of the poste-
rior column of the cord ;
the column of Goll. C.
of Rolando, an eminence
on the lateral border of
the medulla oblongata. C.
of Spitzka-Lissauer, in
the spinal cord a group of
nerve-fibers lying just in
front and just behind the
posterior horns or cornua.
C, Posterior - vesicu-
lar. See Column of
Clarke. C. of Tiirck,
the anterior or direct
pyramidal tract. Col-
umns of the External
Abdominal Ring, the
free borders of the apon-
eurosis of the external oblique muscle.
Columna (ivZ-^w'-wa//) [L.]. A column or pillar. C.
bertini, that part of the cortical structure of the kid-
neys that separates the sides of any two pyramid-, and
through which the arteries and nerves enter, and the
veins and lymphatics emerge. C. nasi, the antero-
posterior septum between the nostrils. C. vertebralis,
the spinal column. Columnae carneae, muscular
umns projecting from the inner surface of the cardiac
ventricles.
Colytic {ko-lit'-ik) \Kokvruc6c, preventive]. Prevent-
ive; inhibitory; caused by an obstruction ; antiseptic.
Coma [ko'-Diah) [koui/, the hair of the head]. In bi
ology, any tuft, as the top of a pineapple, the hair- on
the end of a seed, etc.
Coma (ko'-maJt) [nafta, deep sleep]. Abnormally i
and prolonged sleep, with the cerebral functions in abey-
ance; it is due to many conditions affecting the cere-
brum directly or indirectly. The well-marked form is
characterized by stertorous breathing, relaxation of the
sphincters, lividity of the face, and loss of paralleli.-m
of the optic axes. C, Alcohol, that due to pois
ing by alcohol. C, Apoplectic, that due to apoplexy.
C. diaceticum, a form of coma occurring in carcinoma
of the stomach and in diabetes. It is due to the pres-
ence of diacetic acid in the system. It is also called
Diabetic coma. C. Kussmaul's. See Kusstn
C, Uremic, that due to uremia. C. Vigil, a comatose

s. Intermediate gray substance.
L. L. L. Lateral limiting layer,
s along the periphery of the

O (MANIC A( ID

:;il

< < i.Mi'i. i:\is

condition in which the patient lies with op
but unconscious and delirious. This i- occasionally
met with in typhoid ami typhus fevers, and in deli-
rium t!

Comanic Acid See

Comatose J. In a con-

dlti : il.i

Combination • to com

bine]. or uniting; chemic

union. C.-back, in the mi . the lens system

tive farl »m tin- o omposed

.ln.l a l.i concave of
and two bi convex glasses.
C. -front, in the mi . the lens system nearest

th
Combustion [ ombur re, to burn up],

ilion, attended with tin- liberation
beat and sometimes of light It i- loosely used as a
f inflammation. C, Spontaneous, that
do from chemic chang -. such a- tin- spon-

• >r shoddy in woolen
mi etc. C, Spontaneous Human, the

if the body without the external
■f heat
Comedo a glutton : //. , Comedones'] .

. Grub-worms; lUack-heads. A chronic dis-
aceous glands characterized by yellow-
ish ..r whitish pin-point and pin head sized elevations,
in their center exposed blackish points.
Th und usually on the face, back of the neck,

chest, and back, and are often associated with acne.
is a rule in the young. Occasionally a
. the /' folliculorum, a small mite, is

found in each comedo.
Comenic Acid [ho-men/-ii). See Acid.
Comes [kof-tnH) [L.://., Comiies\. A companion, as

■ r nerve to an artery.
Comfrey [kum'-fre) [ME., cumfirie\ The root of
tiphytum officinale, a demulcent, slightly astringent
i tonic drug. It is a common ingredient of domes-
tic cough-mixtun - 1 lose of the decoction indefinite;
of the fid. ext JJj-ij. Unof.
Comma-bacillus [kom'-ah-bas-il'-us). See Bacteria,

.' ible of.
Commensal [kom-en' -sal) \com, together; mensa,
•■]. In biology, the harmonious living together of
two animals or plants. One of two Mich organisms.
Commi [i(6fifu, a gum]. Any gum; the

pur| un-resin of Exccecaria cochinchinensis, a

In lo-china.
Comminution ■ m-in-u'-shun) \comminutio ; com-
»!>■: in pieces]. The process by which a

1 body is reduced to pieces of varying sizes. It
udes the various operations of cutting, raspmg,
. slicing, pulverizing, levigating, triturating,
aulating, etc. See, also, Fracture,

Commissure, Commissura {kom'-is-&r, kom-is-uf-

> unite], A joining or uniting

C, Anterior [of third ventricle) , a rounded

fibers pla< .-1 in front of the anti

if the fornix. It perforates the corpus Striatum

ids out into the sub-,tance of

the roof of the descending horns

he lat' C.. Anterior White

I iting tin- posterior

I of the aterior median
C, Gray • ), the transi

ng the crescentic masses

■ h half of tli- spinal i ord. C.

:orpus mi. C, Middle, a band

•tic thalami. and

miiuous with tin- gray matter lining the anterior
part of the third ventricle. C, Optic, the union and
crossing ol tin- two optic nerves in front of the tuber
cinereum. C, Posterior {of third ventricle), a flattened
white band connecting the optic thalami posteriorly.
C, Posterior White [of spinal cm ■■ | . • > band of libers
separating the gray commissure from the bottom of
tin- posterior median fissure. Commissura brevis,
a portion of the inferior vermiform process of the
cerebellum, situated in the incisure posterior. C.
simplex, a small lobe on the upper surface of the
cerebellum near the incisure posterior.

Common [komf-un) [communis, common]. Belonging
or pertaining to all. Prostitute. C. Black. See
Pigmt nts, Conspectus of.

Commotio [kom-o,-sh(-d) [I-]. A commotion or
shock. C. cerebri. Synonym of Shock. C. retinae,
the name given to those cases in which a depreciation,
or perhaps an entire loss of vision, follows a blow
on or near the eye. It can be explained as the
result of insensibility due to the same changes in the
retina as occur in the central organ of patients
suffering from concussion of the brain.

Communicans { /--ow- u' - u i k-a n s)\_L.~\. Communicating.
C. noni. See Nerves, Tabic of.

Communication [kom-wnik-a' '-shun) [communicare, to
communicate], i. The transference of a contagium
from one person to another. 2. The channel between
two or more parts. C. -plate, in biology, a perforated
diaphragm between the zooids of a composite actin-
ozoon (the " Rosettenplatte " of Reichert, and the
Communication-pore of Smith) by means of which
communication is maintained between all the cells in a
colony and between all the compartments of the stolon
in I'olyzoa. C.-pore. See C. -plate.

Commutator [kom' -u-ta-tor\ \_commutare , to exchange].
An instrument for automatically interrupting or revers-
ing the flow of an electric current, making and break-
ing it with desired frequency. See Electric.

Comose (ko'-mos) [coma, hair]. Having much hair.

Compass Plant [hum' '-pas plant). See Rosin Wed.

Compatibility [kom-pat-ib-U' '-it-e) [compati, to suffer
with]. The property of being compatible ; suscepti-
bility (as of different medicines) of being exhibited in
the same solution with no loss of the desired effect, and
without change in constitution.

Compensating {kom'-pen-sa-ting) \compensare, to com-
pensate]. Making amends for. C. Ocular. See Oc-
ular. C. Operation, in ophthalmology, tenotomy of
the associated antagonist in cases of diplopia from
paresis of one of the ocular muscles.

Complaisance, Operations of [kom-pla-zongs* '). See
E led ion .

Complanate [kom'-plan-at) [complanatus, to make
plane or level]. In biology, flattened.

Complemental ( hom-ple-menf-tal) \complementum,
that which completes or fills up]. Supplying a defi
ciency. In biology, forming a complement to a
female. C. Air. See Air. C. Male, one of such
supernumerary males as those cirripedia [Ibid) that
lie within the sac of the female.

Complementary [hom-ple-men' '-ter-e) \complementare,
to lill up; to complete]. Complemental. C. Colors.
See Mid Pigment,

Completely Born [kom-plitf -le born). As employed in
legal medicine, this expression implies that the child
must be in the world in all its parts, i. e. , completely
external to the mother. It does not imply that the pla-
centa lias been separated or the cord divided.

Complexus [kom-plek ■■' us) \complexus, complex]. The
totality of symptoms, phenomena, or signs of a morbid
mdition. C. Muscle. See Mu ;, , Tabl

COMPLICATE »N

315

( ON< HOS< OPE

Complication [kom-plik-a' 'shun) [complicare, to fold
together]. A disease <>r a process secondary t<>
and more or less dependent upon some primarj
disease.

Compos Mentis (kom'-pos men'-tis) [L.]. Of sound
mind, memory, and understanding. Sec Non Com-
pos Mentis.

Composite (kom-poz'-it) [componere, to put together].

1. Composed of distinct portions. 2. In biology, be-
longing to the order Compositse. C. Monsters ; this
is a term used to designate any form of monstrosity
showing some degree of duplicity in the main region.-,
of the body.

Composition [kom-po-zish' '-uri) \_compositio, a putting
together] . Compounding ; applied to drugs. The
constitution of a mixture. C. Powder, a popular
name (originally Thomsonian) tor thepu/vis myrica
compositus, N. F. At present it is a mixture of
finely powdered bayberry bark {Myrica cerifera),
12 parts; ginger, 6 parts; capsicum and cloves,
each I part. It is useful for sore throat and severe
coryza. Unof. C. Tea, a warm drink composed of
different spices, and used as a stomachic and to abort
an attack of coryza.

Compound (kom' -pound, or kom-pound') [ME., com-
pounen, to mix or compound]. I. To mix, as drugs.

2. Composed of several parts ; in chemistry, a com-
pound body. C. Cathartic Pills. See Colocyntk.
C. Cavities, cavities in teeth that are produced by the
coalescence of two cavities or by the extension of a
single cavity in such a manner as to include two sur-
faces of a tooth. C. Fracture. See Fracture. C.
Granule-Cell. See Corpuscle, Gluge's. C. Oxy-
gen, a quack cure-all consisting of a strong solution
of potassium nitrate or chlorate through which the air
to be inhaled is passed.

Compounding (kom-pound' -ing) [ME., compounen, to
mix]. The mixing, manipulation, and preparation of
the drugs ordered in a prescription.

Compress [kotn' -pres) [compressus, pressed together].
Folded cloths, wet or dry, applied firmly to the part
for relief of inflammation, or to prevent hemorrhage.
C, Fenestrated, with a hole for drainage or inspec-
tion. C, Graduated, the strip applied directly is
small ; the others, progressively larger, cover it.

Compressed (kom-presd') \compressus, pressed to-
gether]. Firmly pressed together. C. Air, air the
density of which has been increased by forcible com-
pression. C. Air Bath. See Bath.

Compression (kom-presh'-un) [compressus, pressed to-
gether]. The state of being compressed. C. -atro-
phy, atrophy of a part from constant compression.
Instances are the Chinese foot, liver-atrophy of tight
lacing, atrophy of tissues from pressure by an aneurysm.
C. of Brain. See Brain . C. -myelitis, myelitis due
to compression. See Myelitis.

Compressor (kom-pres'-or) \compritnere, to press to-
gether]. I. An instrument for compressing an artery,
vein, etc. 2. It is also applied to muscles having a com-
pressing function, as the C. naris, C. vena dorsalis penis .
etc. See Muscles, Table of. 3. One of the light springs
inserted on either side of the stage of a microscope for
holding the slide in position ; a clip. C. sacculi
laryngis, the inferior aryteno-epiglottideus muscle.
See Muscles, Table of. C. urethrae, constrictor
urethnie. See Muscles, Table of.

Compressorium [kom-pres-of re-urn) [compressor, a
compress]. An instrument devised for making pressure
on the cover-glass of a microscope-slide in order to
favor separation of the elements of the specimen to be
examined.

Comptonia (komp-to' -ne-ah) [after Henry Complon,

I hop of London, a botanist]. A genus of plants.
C. asplenifolia. See Liquidambar.

Conarial [ko-na'-n al) [nuvapiov, the pineal gland].
Relating to the conarium. C. Vein. See Vein.

Conario-hypophyseal [ko-na-re-o-hi-po-fis' -e-al) [/><./-
hop, the pineal gland ; inroQiiotg, an undergrowth].
Relating to the conarium and to the hypophysis of the
1 erebrum ; pineo-pituitary.

Conarium {ko-na' '-re-um) [nuvapiov; dim. of Ktjvog, a
cone]. See Pineal Gland.

Conation \ ko-na' -shun) [conari, to endeavor]. The ex-
ertive power of the mind, including will and desire;
a special act or exercise of the exertive power.

Concassation (kon-kas-a'-shun) \concassatio ; con, to-
gether; cassare or i/uassare, to shake, to beat]. I. The
shaking of medicines, as in a bottle ; the pulverizing of
drugs by beating. 2. Mental distress or affliction.

Concato's Disease. See Diseases, Table of, and
Polyorrhymenitis.

Concaulescence { Icon -kawl-es' -ens) [<<>//, together;
cauli .a stalk]. In biology, the partial fusion of the
pedicle of a flower with the stem from which it
springs.

Concavo-concave (kon-kah'-vo-kon'-kav). See Lens,
Bict weave.

Concavo-convex (kon-kah' -70-lcon' -velcs) . See /
/' ri opic.

Conceive (kon-sev') \_concipere , to take in]. To become
pregnant.

Concentration (kon-sen-tra'-skun) [con, together:
trutn, the center]. Evaporation of part of the water of
a mixture, thus rendering it relatively more di 1

Concentric ikon-sen1 '-trik) [re;?, together; centrum, the
center]. Arranged in an equidistant manner about a
center. C. Hypertrophy of the Heart, increase in
the muscular texture of the heart, the capacity of the
cavities remaining unchanged.

Conception [kon-sepf -shun) [concipere, to conceive].
I. The fecundation of the ovum by the spermatozoid.
See Pregnancy. 2. The abstract mental idea of any-
thing ; the power or act of mentally conceiving. C,
Imperative, a false idea that an insane person dwells
upon, and which he cannot expel from his mind. 1
when he knows it to be absurd, and which dominates
his actions.

Concha (kongf-kah) \_noyxa, a shell]. A shell. Applied
to organs having some resemblance to a shell, as the
patella, vulva, etc., and especially to C. auris, or the
hollow part of the external ear. C. narium, the tur-
binated bones. C. santoriniana, a name applied to
a fourth turbinated bone sometimes found in the nose.

Conchiolin [kong-ki' -o-lin) \k&] \a, a shell ; lov, a vio-
let], C30H48N96U. The skeletin material that forms
the organic bases of the shells of gastropods. C. Os-
teomyelitis. See Osteomyelitis.

Conchitis [kong-ki'-tis) [ndyxa, a shell ; inc. inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the concha.

Concho-anthelix | kong/-ko-ant/-he-liks) \k6] \a,& shell;
avBt '//;, the inner curvature of the ear]. The muscle
called obliquus auricula-. See Muscles, Table of.

Concho-helix {kong'-ko-he'-liks) \k&) \a, a shell; '>'//:,
a spiral]. The muscle called transversus auriculae.
See Muscles, Table of.

Conchology [kong-koi' -o-jt) [*>"; i«, a shell; teyetv,
to speak]. That department of science that deals
with the shells of mollu-

Conchometer [kong-kom' -et-er) [w; \a. a shell ; ukrpov,
a measure]. An instrument for the measurement of
the shells of molluscs.
Conchoscope [kon^f '-ko-skop) \k6) \a. a shell ; the na-
ris; OKOireiv, to inspect]. A speculum and mirror
for inspecting the nasal cavity.

II' »

316

CONM'KANU) HARK

Concoctio n | [L.]. Digestion. C. tarda.

Concoction to boil to-

, r] i two substani hei

Concolor gether; lor].

In biology, having the same coloi on both sides or
over the
Concomitant ni/ari, to a< i om-

impanying. C. Strabismus. Si
C. Symptoms, symptoms that are net in
tlu.- tial to the course of a disease, but that

or in association with the essential symptoms.
Concrement .to grow

r] A >n-

Concresce t, together; crescere, to

v ]. In bii ■'. ig) . to grow together.
Concrescescencc [con, together;

grow]. In biology, the union of the
■ rtn the primitive streak.
Concrete • '" .^"|NV

therj. - or condensed. Concreted

Sugar, the product of the Fryer concretor, or simi-
lar form of apparatus. It is a compact, boiled-down
mass, ning both the crystallizable sugar and im-

parities that ordinarily go into the molasses. It shows
little or no distinc t grain.
Concretion <tn [ ncretio ; concrescere,\.o

•r]. The solidification or condensation
of a fluid substance ; a calculus ; a union of parts
normally separate, as the ringers. C, Animal, an
earthy deposit found in any of the various organs or
I the body. These concretions have a
rib: containing salts of calcium, phosphorus,

or magnesium.
Concubitus [kon-ku' '-bit-us) \_concumbere, to lie to-
gether]. Copulation.
Concursus u \concursere, to run together] .

A synonym of Anastomosis.
Concussion V-uri) [concussio, a violent shock].

. the state of being shaken ; a severe or inju-
rious shaking or jarring of a part; also, the morbid
• resulting from such a jarring. C. of Brain.
tin C. of Spinal Cord. A condition caused
by lock of the spinal column, with or without

appreciable lesion of the myelon.
Concussor [kon-ku^ -or) [concutere, to shake]. In
:n ;-- ige, an apparatus for gently beating the part to
treated.
Condaminea [ion-dam-in' -e-ah) [after Condamine, the

]. \ genus of Cinchona-yielding trees.
Condensability ■ ■ ' it-i ) \_condensare, to

apacity for undergoing condensation.
Condensation i a/shun) \condensare, to con-

-c] In chemistry, the union of two or more m
cules by the linking of carbon-atoms and the forma-

iiains. 2. The patholog-
ic hard vith or without contraction, of a soft

Condensed [condensare, to make thick].

: to a denser form. C. Milk,

milk that has had mosl of its watery dements eva

rat vn process. Condensed milk

1 with the addition of cane-sugar is a white or

luct of about die consistency of

i gi ivity from I.25 to

1 • ly soluble in from four to

ilk of water, without separation of any

flocculent r- .- the taste of fresh,

! milk prepared without
not boiled down to the
liquid. Ilatter-
! both classes: —

n iNPKNSKD MILK WITH ADDITION OF SUGAR.

Brand.

a

•0

c

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U*5

c
s
U

c/i

ii

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10.08

46.01

12.04

1.82

Anglo-Swiss (American), . .

29.46

8.11

50.41

10.22

1.80

Anglo-Swiss (English), . . .

27.80

8.24

51-07

10.80

2.09

Anglo-Swiss (Swiss)

25-51

8.51

53-27

10.71

2.00

27.30

6.60

44-47

10.77

1.86

29.44

0.27 AQ.26

10. 1 1

1.92

CONDENSED MILK WITHOUT CANE-SUGAR.

u

a

M

Brand.

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in

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M

t>

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in

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O

Hi

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16.97

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2.80

56.71

14-13

1398

13.18

2.00

Granulated Milk Company, .

55-43

13.16

14.84

14.04

2-53

Eagle,

56.01

14.02

14.06

13.90

2.01

Condenser (ion-den' 'ser) [condensare, to make dense].
A lens or combination of lenses used in microscopy
for gathering and concentrating rays of light.

Condiment (ion'-dim-ent) [condimentum, spice].
Spice, sauce, or other appetizing ingredients used with
food.

Condom, or Cundum {ion'-dum, or iun'-duni) [cor-
ruption of Conton, the name of the inventor]. A
sheath worn over the penis during copulation for the
purpose of preventing conception.

Conduction iion-dui' -shun) \conductio ; condu
to draw together]. The passage or transfer of force
or material from one part to another. C. -resistance,
the resistance encountered by an electric current in
passing through a circuit.

Conductor [ion-dukV -tor) \conducere, to draw together].
1. A body that transmits force-vibrations, such as those
of heat or electricity. A term applied to the elec-
trodes and cords by which they are joined to the bat-
tery. 2. An instrument serving as a guide for the
surgeon's knife.

Conduplicate [ion-du' -plii-at) [eonduplieare, to double
together]. In biology, doubled or folded together, as
leaves or wings.

Condurango Bark [kon-du-rangt-go /'ark) [native of
S. Am'er.]. Bark of Gonolobm tetragonus, or of
Conglobm condurango; a remedy much used in S.
Am an alterative in syphilis. It was intro-

duced into the U. S. as a remedy for carcinoma of the

COMA'S FLUID

317

l ONICAL

stomach, but yielded uncertain results. Dose of the
fluid extract 3 ss-j ; of the tincture, J5J-1J. Unof.
Condy's Fluid. One part of sodium or potassium per-
manganate dissolved in 500 parts of water; it is a
useful disinfectant.
Condylar [kon'-dil-ar) [kov6v?j)c, a knuckle]. Pertain-
ing to the condyles.
Condylarthrosis [kon-dil-ar-throf si [k6v6vXoq, a
knuckle; apHpov, a joint]. A form of diarthrosis,
wherein a condyle is set in a shallow and elliptic
cavity, and free and varied movement of the joint is
possible ; condylar articulation.
Condyle {kon'-dll) [kAv6v/u»q, a knuckle]. Any rounded
eminence such as occurs in the joints of many of the
bones, especially the femur, humerus, and lower j a:,- .
Condyloid [kon '-<///-< </</ ) [k6v6v\oc, a knuckle; eli
likeness]. Resembling or pertaining to a condyle.
Condyloma (kon-dil-o' -mah) [icovdi)Xci/m, a swelling:
//. , Condylomata]. A wart-like growth or tumor
about the anus or pudendum. The term is applied
also to syphilitic patches and discolorations.
Condylomatous [kon-dil-o1 '-mat-us) [i«>v<Yc'/uiia, a

swelling]. Of the nature of a condyloma.
Condylotomy (kon-dil-ot' -o-me) [k6v6vXoq, a knuckle ;
rkfwziv, to cut]. F.xtra-articular osteotomy ; a division
through the condyles of a bone.
Cone, Conus (ion, kot-nus) [kutvoq, a cone]. A solid
body having a circle for its base, and terminating in a
point. A* patch of choroidal atrophy near the pa-
pilla of the eye, in myopia. C, Graduated, a cone-
shaped body used lor measuring the size of orifices of
vessels, etc., especially in post-mortem examinations.
C. Inhaler. See Anesthetic. C. of Light, the tri-
angular reflection from the normal membrana tympani.
C, Retinal, one of the rod-like bodies of elongated
conical form, which, with the associated rods, form
one of the outer layers of the retina, the so-called
rod-and-cone layer. C, Spermatic, one of the series
of cones forming the head of the epididymis, and
composed of the coiled efferent tubules.
Conenchyma [kon-eng1 '-kim-ah) [kuvoc, a cone ; eyju.ua,
an infusion]. In biology, a term applied to tissues
formed of conical cells, as the velvety surface of some
petals.
Confectio (kon-fek'-she-o) [L. : gen. , Confectionis\ .
Official name for any confection, q. v. C. damocratis.
See Mithridate.
Confection {kon-fek' -shun) [confectio, a preparation].
In pharmacy, a mass of sugar and water, or of honey,
used as an excipient with a prescribed medicinal sub-
stance. There are two official (U.S. P.) confectiones ;
in the B. P. there are eight.
Confectioners' Disease \kon-fek' -shun-erz dis-ez'). A
disease frequently occurring in the workpeople manu-
facturing candied fruits, nuts, etc. It is confined to
the nails of the fingers of the hands ; the nail loses its
polish, and becomes black, and the periungual portion
becomes loosened and raised.
Configuration {kon-fig-u-rar shun) [configurare , to
form after something]. In chemistry, a term now
designating what was formerly called the " constitu-
tion" or " structure " of the molecules.
Confinement [kon-ftn1 '-ment) [L. , confiner, to shut

up]. The condition of women during childbirth.
Confirmatory (kon-fir'-iwit-or-e) [confirmare , to con-
firm]. Confirming. C. Incision, an abdominal
section, made to confirm a diagnosis, as in case of
malignant disease of the ovary, uterus, peritoneum,
etc.
Confluent (kon'-flu-ent) [confluere, to flow together].
In descriptive pathology, a term applied to eruptions
that run together. The opposite of discrete. In

anatomy, coalesced or blended ; applied to two or more
bone- originally separate, but subsequently formed into
one.

Conformator [kon' -for-ma-tor) [Fr., conformateur\.
A form of cephalograph used in determining the out-
lines of the skull in craniometry.

Confrontation [kon-frun-ta' 'shun) [confrontari, to be
contiguous to]. lhe bringing of one person into the
presence of another from whom he or she has 0
traded a disease, as an aid in diagno-i-.

Confusion [kon-fu* -zhun) [confusio, a confounding].
Mixing; confounding. Kmbarrassment. C. Colors,
a set of colors so chosen with regard to their degree
of brilliancy that they cannot be distinguished by one
who is color-blind ; a good test for color-blindness.

Congelation [kon-jel-a' 'shun) [congelatio, a freezing].
1. Freezing; frost-bite; intense cold or its effect on
the animal economy, or. any organ or part. 2. The
chilling or benumbing effect of any freezing-mixture
or application; mainly employed for its local anes-
thetic effect. 3. Coagulation.

Congener [kon' -jen-er) [L. , of the same race]. In
biology, belonging to the same genus ; closely allied.

Congenital (kon-Jen'-it-al) [con, together; genilus,
born]. Existing at birth.

Congestion ikon-jes' '-chun) [congerere, to heap up].
An abnormal collection of blood in a part or organ.
Congestion may be active or passive, atonic or inflam-
matory, functional or hypostatic. It is also named
from the parts affected; the most important vari<
of morbid congestion are the cerebral, spinal, pul-
monary, hepatic, and renal.

Congestive (kon-Jes' '-tiv) [congerere, to heap up].
Marked by, due to, or of the nature of congestion.

Congius (kon'-je-us) [L.]. A Roman measure. A
gallon.

Conglobate (kon-glo' -bat ) [con, together; globare, to
make into a globe]. Rounded. C. Glands, the
absorbent or lymphatic glands. See Gland.

Conglomerate (kon-glom' -er-at ) [conglomerare, to heap
up]. 1. Massed together; aggregated. 2. A mass
of units without order. C. Glands, acinous gland-.

Conglutin [kon-glu' -tin) [con, together; gluten, glue].
One of the proteids found in peas, beans, and other
kinds of pulse. Vines considers it an artificial pro-
duct. It is more glutinous and more soluble in acetic
acid, and richer in nitrogen, than ordinary legumin.
See Casein.

Conglutination (kon-glu-tin-a' -shun) [conglutinare, to
glue together]. The abnormal union of two contig-
uous surfaces or bodies, as of two fingers, or of the
opposed surfaces of the pleural or pericardial sac.

Congo (kon' -go) [native African]. A country of
western Africa. C. Fever. See Fever. C. Paper,
a test-paper stained with Congo-red. C. -paper
Test. See Tests, Table of. C.-red, a red coloring
matter which becomes blue in the presence of free
HC1. It is used in chemic investigation of the
gastric juice. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. Solu-
tion. See Tests, Table of.

Congress (kong/-gres) [congressut, a meeting together].
An assemblage for deliberative purpose. C, Sexual,
coition, or carnal intercourse.

Congressus (kong-gres' -us) [L.]. Congress, sexual
intercourse. C. interruptus. See Coitus reservatus.

Conhydrin {kon-hi' -drin) [icaveiov, hemlock; vdup,
water], C8H17NO. A solid alkaloid of conium, an
oxyconin, occurring in pearly, iridescent, white, folia-
ceous crystals, with a faint, conin-like odor, and
melting at 1210 ('. and distilling at 2260.

Conical [kon'-ik-al) [kuwik6q, pertaining to a cone].
Cone-shaped. C. Cornea. See Kerato-globus.

I l ■nidi. fPHORE

318

CONSCIOUSNESS

ConiJiophore . <ln-t ; • v, to

.r] In: gy, applied to the hypha that produces

Conidium . dim. -uthx :

pi. i Id biology, the deciduous asexual -pnir-.il

certain fungi. S
Conidosi xria.

Coniferin

H . | . ■ \ rystalline glucosid found in the

cambium i I ■ and consisting <>i

i the air and melts at
i J5
Conn a tin.

Con::: j. ' , 1 1 , X. A vol-

. cur- in hemlock (< onium m,
and is obtained by exti
tii.n wil I or distillation with soda. It i- a

ly liquid, having the odor of hemlock and
i ific gravity is 0.886 at o°.

Conium . hemlock]' Hemlock.

Th vn fruit of the spotted hemlock, ( '.

ntains three alkaloid.- and a volatile
.in' mainly due to the alkaloids
..: J, and nuthylconiin, C8HMNCHS. It
-. without loss of sensation or
of i c doses cause death by paraly-

- ol respiration. It is valuable in acute
ma rium tremens, tetanus, blepharospasm, asth-

ma, and whi ough. C Abstract., made from

mm 200, dilute hydrochloric acid <>, sugar of milk
.to make io ) parts of abstract. Unof.
1' -iij. C, cataplasma ( B. I'. ), made from

Vox external use. C, Ext., Alcoholic,
each grain representing one grain of the drug. Dose gr.
ij— v-xl. C, Fid. Ext., san . th as preceding.

se mjj— v— xl. C, pilula Comp. ill. P.), contain
extract of hemlock and ipecac. Dose gr. v-x. C,
succus I'.. P. i, made from the leaves. Dose ITi^xxx—
Jij. C, Tinct., 15 per cent, strength. Dose n\x-
g C. Vapor II. P.), for inhalations. Coniin,
f.. volatile alkaloid of conium. Dose gr. g^-,1,,-
Coniin Hydrobrom., 1 ll,( H:i. unof., recom-
ismodic affections. Dose gr. X— Jg.
All preparation- uncertain in strength. Coniin.
Hydrobrom., Injectio Hypoderm. Dose rr^j — iij .
Conjuga! <*galis,& husband or wife].

to marriage; connubial. C. Diabetes,
cting husband and wife together; this is
1 to be not infrequently observed.
Conjugate [kon> '-ju-gOt) [con, together; jugare, to
iked or coupled. C. Deviation.
n. C. Diagonal, Internal, an internal
it of the pelvis from the middle of the
sub-pubic ligament to the sacro vertebral angle. It
'- I C. Diameter (of the pelvis), the antero-

' -.pubic. xmeter. C. Diameter

. external. See Baudelocque, Diam ter
C. Focus. 7 . C.-symphyseal Angle,

that the conjugate diameter of the pelvis
pubic bone at the symphysis. C,
True, ' mm useful diameter of the pelvic inlet.

■ ugation ;, ., iUll _ j,,IM,.,| ,,,

: ill reproduc-

imilar in size and appearance,

' ■ exua ter of con-

I out by Vaucher, in 1

Conjunctiva , ..„....■,. u connect-

ring the anterior
ted on and
ol the lids. It- parts are

r . U

Conjunctival {kon-junW '-tiv-al, or kon-junk-tif -val}
\conjunctivus, connecting]. Relating to the con-
junctn a.

Conjunctivitis [kon-junk-tiv-i'-hs) \conjunetivus, con-
necting; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
conjunctiva. It may be catarrhal, croupous, diphtheric
membranous), gonorrheal, phlyctenular, puru-
lent, etc., in character or origin. C, Atropin, a
peculiar idiosyncratic catarrh of the conjunctiva pro
duced by prolonged use of atropin as a mydriatii .
and characterized by the formation of numerous folli-
cles. C. crouposa, a form associated with the form-
ation of a whitish-gray membrane that i*. easily re-
moved. C. diphtheritica, a specific purulent inflam-
mation of the conjunctiva spreading by infection,
yielding a contagious secretion, and leading to necro-
sis of the infiltrated tissue. C. eczematosa. See
C. lymphatica. C, Egyptian. See Trachoma, C.
exanthematica. See C. lymphatica. C. follicularis,
a form characterized by the presence of foiiicles.
C, Granular. See Trachoma. C. lymphatica,
that incurring in scrofulous individuals. It i- accom-
panied by the formation of ulcers. C. membranacea.
See C. 1 rouposa and Ophthalmia. C. phlyctenulosa.
See C. lymphatica. C. pustulosa. See C. lymphatica.
C. scrofulosa. See C. lymphatica.

Connate [kon'-Ht). See Confluent and Congenital.

Connection (kon-ck'-shun) \connectere, to connect].
Sexual intercourse.

Connective [kon-ek' '-tiv\ \connectere, to connect]. I.
Connecting; binding. 2. In botany, the portion of
the filament that connects the two cells of an anther.
C. Tissue. See Animal Tissue.

Connivent [kon-i'-vent} \connivere, to wink at]. In
botany converging toward each other; applied to
stamens that converge above, as those of the violet.

Conocephalic, or Conocephalous {ko-no-sef-al'-ik,
ko-no-sef -al-us) [/cdwoc, cone; Ktoa'/i/, head]. Having
the skull somewhat conoidal.

Conoid, or Conoidal [ko'-noid, or ko-noi'-da!) [/,. ■
cone; euhr, shape]. Of a conical or approximately
conical shape. C. Ligament, the lower and inner
part of the coraco-clavicular ligament. C. Tubercle,
the eminence on the inferior surface of the clavicle to
which the C. ligament is attached.

Conquassant [kon-kwas/-ant\ [conquassare, to shake
severely]. Very severe (applied chiefly to labor-pains
at the acme of their intensity).

Conquassation [kon-kwas-af-shun). See Concassation.

Conquinamin {kon-kwin'-atn-iri). An alkaloid of
< 'uprea bails.

Conrad's Water. An eye-wash composed of three
parts of mercuric chlorid, 100 of distilled water, and
five to ten of tinctura opii crocata.

Conroy's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Consanescent (kon-san-es1 '-ent\ [consanescere, to be-
come sound]. Healing, becoming healed (applied
mostly to wound-i.

Consanguine [kon-san' '-gwin\ [consanqvineus, of the
tie blood]. Allied by birth or de-cent; akin by
bl. lod-relationship.

Consanguineous |/v« an rwinf-e-us) \consangutt
of the -an I.- blood ] . Related by a common parentage.

Consanguinity Ikon \an-gwin1 '-it-e) [con, together;
uini . ol blood]. The relationship arising from
mmi hi pan ntage ; blood relationship.

Consciousness [kon' '-shus-nes) [conscitts, knowing].
I he State of being aware of one's own existence, of
one's own menial stale-, and of the impressions made
upon one's senses ; ability to take cognizance of sensa-
tion- : applied to ab extra impressions. C, Double,
thai morbid condition in which there are two separate

consenescence

319

CONTAGIOl -

and alternating states of mental consciousness, in
either one of which the events that have occurred in
the other state are not remembered by the patient.

Consenescence [kon-sen-esf ens) I oust «< teen , to grow
old]. The state or condition of growing old.

Consensual [kon-sen' '-su-al) [consensus, agreement].
Reflex and involving sensation, but not volition ; as a
consensual act or movement.

Consent [kon-senP) \consentire, to agree]. In forensic
medicine, this term signifies willing participation in
unnatural or illegal intercourse. In pathology, a sym-
pathetic affection of a part distant from a diseased
part.

Consentience {kon-sen' '-she-ens) [consenlire, to agree].
Undeveloped or unintellectual consciousness ; the sum
or result of the impressions made by sensations upon
the psychic center of the organism.

Conserva, or Conserve {kon-scr'--ah, or con-serv')
[conservare, to keep]. A confection, q. v.

Conservancy \kon-ser,-van-se) \conservare, to keep].
Public conservation of health or of things that make
for health ; the sum of hygienic or preservative legis-
lation. C. System. See Sewage, Disposal of.

Conservative (kon-ser' '-vat-iv) [conservare, to keep].
Aiming at the preservation and restoration of injured
parts ; as conservative surgery or dentistry.

Conservator (kon' ' -ser-va-tor) [conservare, to preserve].
A person appointed to look after the business interests
and general welfare of an insane person or idiot.

Consolidant, Consolidating (kon-sol' -id-ant, or kon-
soP -id-a-ting) \consolidare , to make firm]. Tending
to heal or promoting the healing of wounds or frac-
tures ; favoring cicatrization.

Consolidation (kon-sol-id-a' -shun) [consolidare, to
make firm]. The process of becoming firm or solid,
as a lung in pneumonia.

Consonants (kon'-so-nants) \con, together ; sotia re, to
sound]. Non- vowel sounds in speaking produced at
certain parts of the resonance-chamber. They are
sounded only with a vowel. They consist of Explo-
sives, Aspirates, Vibratives, and Resonants ; they are
also divided into four classes, according to the situation
in which they are produced — the Articulation Posi-
tions,— the first being between the lips; the second
between the tongue and hard palate ; the third be-
tween the tongue and soft palate ; the fourth between
the vocal bands. Labials, made at the lips, may
be explosive (/>,/), aspirate (/, v, w), vibrative (the
" burr "), and resonant (w). These form the conso-
nants of the first articulation position. Those of the
second position are the explosives /and d\ the aspi-
rates s, z, sch, th ; the vibrative r; the resonant n.
Those of the third position are the explosives k and
g ; the aspirates are the unvoiced consonants, unvoiced
ch and/; the vibrative, palatal r; the resonant, pala-
tal ;/. That of the fourth position is the aspirate, the
glottis-formed k.

Constant (kon' -slant) \constans, steady]. Fixed; not
changing. C. Battery, Element, or Cell. One
yielding a constant current. A galvanic battery, of
which the most common types are those of Bunsen,
Callaud, Daniell,Grenet, Grove, Leclanche, and Smee.

Consternatio {kon-ster-na' -she-d) [!>•]• See Night-
Terrors.

Constipation {kon-stip-al -shun) [constipare, to crush
tightly together]. Costiveness ; retention and hard-
ness of the feces from functional inactivity of the intes
tinal canal, or from abnormalism of the biliary or
other secretions. It may also be due to mechanical
obstruction of the intestinal canal, paresis of the intes-
tinal walls, the use of certain foods, and general de-
pression of vital activity.

Constituent {kon-stif '-u-ent) \constituere, to establish],
A formative element or ingredient. The Constitu-
ents of the Organism are organic and inorganic.
The Inorganic C. are Water, forming 58.5 per
cent, of the body ; Gases, such as oxyg< a, marsh ura>,
etc. ; Salts, of which the chief aVe sodium chlorid,
calcium phosphate 'forming more than one half of the
bonc^), sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium
and potassium sulphates, potassium chlorid, calcium
fluorid and carbonate; Free Acids, as hydrochloric,
sulphuric, etc. ; Bases, such as silicon, mangan
iron. The Organic C. comprise the large classi oi
the proteids, albuminoids, fats, etc.

Constitution [kon- tit-it' -shun) [constituere, to dis-
pose]. In chemistry, the atomic or molecular com
position of a body. In pharmacy, the composition of
a substance. In physiology, the general temperament
and functional condition of the body.

Constitutional [kon-stit-u' -skun-al) [constituere, to
dispose]. Pertaining to the state of the constitution.
C. Diseases, in pathology, such diseases as are inhe-
rent, owing to an abnormal structure of the body.
Also, inherited diseases. Also, a condition in which
the disease pervades the whole system. General, in
contradistinction to local.

Constrictor {kon-strik/-tor\ [constringere, to bind to-
gether]. Any muscle that contracts or tightens any
part of the body. See Muscles, Table of.

Constringent (kon-strinr -jent) [constringere, to con-
strict]. Same as Astringent, </. v..

Consultation [kon-sul-laf-skun) \_consnltare , to take
counsel]. A deliberation between two or more phy-
sicians concerning the diagnosis of the di.-ease of a
patient and the proper method of treatment.

Consumption [kon-sump1 '-shun) [consumere, to con-
sume or wear away]. Wasting, denutrition, or atrophy,
loosely used as a synonym of Tuberculosis, especially
pulmonary tuberculosis. Phthisis, q. v. C. of the
Bowels. See Diarrhea, Chronic Inflammatory.

Consumptive [kon-sumpf-tiv) [consumere, to consume
or wear away]. I. Of the nature of tuberculosis.
2. One afflicted with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Contact [kon'-takt) [contactus, a touching]. A touch-
ing. C. Lenses, in optics, a glass shell the con-
cavity of which is in contact with the globe of the
eye, a layer of liquid being interposed between the
lens and the cornea. C. Series, a series of metals
arranged in such an order that each becomes positively
electrified by contact with the one that follow- it.
The contact-values of some metals, according to Ary
ton and Perry, are as follows: —

DIFFERENCE OF POTENTIAL IN" VOLTS

Zinc, Lead 210 Iron, Copper 146

Lead, Tin .... 0.69 Copper, Platinum . .238

Tin, Iron 3.15 Platinum, Carbon . .113

C. Test, Heller's test. See Tests, Table of.

Contactile, or Contactual (kon-takr -til, or kon-lak'-
tn-al) [contactus, contact]. I. Tactile. 2. Due to
or spreading by actual contact.

Contagion (kon-ta' '-jun) [contagio ; contingere, to
touch]. The process by which a specific disease is
communicated between persons, either by direct con-
tact or by means of an intermediate agent. (See, al.-o.
Infection.) Also the specific germ of virus from
which a communicable disease develops. C, Mental.
See Imitation.

Contagionist (kon-taf-jun-ist) [contagio; contingere, to
touch]. One who believes in the contagious < rigin
or transmission of any given disease.

Contagious (kon-ta' -jus) [contagium, a touching].
Communicable or transmissible by contagion, or
by a specific contagium. Infections — applied to a

I AGIl M

CONTROL

dis gendered by .1 ncy, which,

once present, may multiply and renew itself in-
definitely, and which always rise to the same
dis ... plied to an infectious dis-

luse i\i-t> only in certain
malaria, pneumonia, acute rheumatism.

I which the
msmitted from person to person, through
1,,, variola,

tina, diphthi

in infectious disease ol « hich

ih< arried by persons, or their

emanal md in the soil, water or

which it multiplies and thence generates

teric fever, yellow lever.

C. Typhus. Synonym ■

Contagium ['■•]• Any virus or mor-

which a communicable dis-

imitted from the sick to the well. C. ani-

matum. same C. vivum ("living

ly living vegetable >>r animal organism

th.it cam I of an infectious disease.

Contest to call to witness]. To

C. Theory, the doctrine of

Contiguity u'-it-e) [contiguitas, a touching].

Proximity. C, Amputation in the, is performed at
:it. without section "I a bone.
Continued tare, to make con tinu-

s] Persisted in. C. Fever, a fever that is neither
intermittent nor typically remittent. See Fever.
Continuity n tin-it' -it <\ [continuitas, uninterrupted-
is]. In anatomy, the portion lying between two
ft of a hone. C, Solution of. See
S 'utt >:. C Amputation in the, amputation in
which a bone is divided.
Continuous (A n-tin' -u-us) [continuus, joined ; uninter-
rupted]. Unbroken. C.-gum Work, a method of
; | ing artificial d mures.
Contortion hun) [contorquere, to twist]. A

twi-ting or writhing, as of the body.
Contour r*\ [Ft., contour, circuit]. I. The line

that bounds, di I terminates a figure. 2. In

lentistry, to effect the restoration of lost parts
of teeth by building them up with gold, etc. C-
feather-hair, one of those outer and longer hairs or
to determine the contour of a bird or
mammal, a- distinguished from a soft down-feather or
the under-fur. C. -fillings, in dentistry
fillings in which the material is so built out as to
• portion of the crown of the tooth;
I from plane or flu-di-fillings.
Contracted Heels. See Hoofbound,
Contractility alt-til' -it-e) [contrahere, to draw

r]. That property of certain tissues, especially
shortening upon the appli

Contraction ' huh) [contrahere, to drav

the elements of a tissueor

:hu> diminishing its volun intents. C,

Carpo-pedal, a of tetany occurring in infant-,

■ ith dentition 01 seat w.,rms.

ing of tl rs, >ws, and

i onvulsions. C,

Closing reduced at the

C, Front-
tap. ■ often i
in It is a delicate
n tl irritability. I he fool i

i the musi h s ol the I
: nsion of the

n of the R

flexes. Table of . C. -furrows, a number of concentric
curved lines near the ciliary margin ol the iris. I lay
are produced in the living w\> by a folding of the iris
upon itself during dilatation of the pupil. C, Hour-
Glass. See Uterus. C„ Opening, the muscular
contraction produced by opening or breaking the cir-
cuit. C, Paradoxic, Westphal's term for a phe-
nomenon that consists in the contraction of a muscle,
caused by the passive approximation of its extremities.
C. -remainder, the stage of elastic after-vibration or
i> idual contraction persisting in a muscle after with
drawal of the stimulus. C.-ring, the boundary line
between the upper and lower uterine segments, often
marked by a perceptible ridge. That portion of the uter-
ine canal that must be dilated to allow the escape of the
fetus is i ailed the lower uterine segment ; that portion
above the point at which the dilatation ceases, /. e., the
contracting portion of the muscle, is called the upper
uterine segment.

Contractions. See Contracture and also Abbreviations >
in Introductory Tables.

Contracture {kon-trak'-ckur) [contractus, a drawing to-
gether]. Contraction; permanent shortening, as of a
muscle ; distortion or deformity due to the shortening
of a muscle or of various muscles. In electro -thi
peutics, muscular spasms, clonic or tonic, the variety
determined in regard to time, by the method of appli
cation of the current.

Contra-extensio (kon-trah-ek-stenf-se-o)\L,.~\. Counter-
extension.

Contra-fissura (Icon' -trah-fis-su' -rah) [contra, opposite
to; fissura,a. fissure]. Cranial fissure or fracture pro-
duced by a blow upon the skull at a point distant from
or opposite to the seat of the fracture.

Contra-indicant [kon-trah-inf -dik ant I [contra, op-
posed to ; indicare, to indicate], i. I laving the effect
of a contra indication. 2. A symptom, indication. or
condition that forbids the use of a particular remedial
measure or set of measures.

Contra- indication {kon-trah-in-dik-a'-shuri) [contra,
against ; indicare, to point out]. That pathologic or
modifying condition in which a remedy or a method
of treatment is forbidden that under ordinary cases
might lie proper.

Contra-stimulant [kon-trah-stim' '-u-lant) [contra.
against; stimulare, to stimulate]. I. Counteracting the
effect of a stimulus; depressing; sedative. 2. A
sedative remedy.

Contra-stimulism (kon-trah-stim' -u-lizm) [contra.
against ; ti inula re, to stimulate]. The doctrine of
controstrimulus ; Rasorianism.

Contra-stimulus, or Contro-stimulus(/v;;-//v?//-r//w'-
u-lus, or kon-tro-stim1 '-u-lus )[ contra, against ; stimulus,
a stimulus]. An influence that is opposed, or acts in
opposition, to a stimulus.

Contrayerva [kon-trah-yert '-vah\ [contra, against;
herba, an herb]. The root of Dorstenia contrayerva,
a stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic. Its decoction is
mucilaginous, and is serviceable in low fevers and
malignant eruptive diseases. DoseJJss. I not.

Contrecoup (kon'-tr-koo) [Fr.]. Counter-stroke, a
variety of injury by indirect violence, as by a blow on
a remote part. See Contra-fissura.

Contrectation [kon-trek-ta '-sli un) [contrectatio : contrec-
tare, to touch]. Digital examination; palpation;
touch; manipulation, as in massage.

Control f kon-trbV) [contra, against; rotula, a roll].
An experiment performed to test the correctness of
the results of another experiment ; a standard by
which to check observations and insure the validity
of their results. Also, a synonym for Control Animal.
C. Animal. See C. Experiment. C. Experiment, an

CON'ITSK >N

321

COOPERS ARSENIOUS OINTMENT

experiment carried out under normal or common cir-
cumstances or conditions, to serve asa standard where

by to test the variation or value of another experi
ment carried out under peculiar or abnormal circum-
stances. For instance, an animal is rendered immune
by inoculation with some anti-specific agent. Such an
animal is called the Immune Animal. Another
animal, not having been previously rendered immune,
is called the Control Animal. Both animals are
then exposed to the action of, or are inoculated with,
the specific virus in question, and the relative differences
in the reaction of the two animals to the lasl inocula-
tion or exposure constitute the conclusions of the
experiment.

Contusion {kon-tu* '-zhuri) \contusio ; contendere, to
bruise]. A bruise or injury by a blunt weapon, or by
collision, without breaking the skin or covering C-
pneumonia, a form of pneumonia following trauma-
tism. It is of frequent occurrence.

Conus Utof-nus\ \kLxvoc, a cone: pi. , Coni\ A cres-
centic patch of atrophic choroid tissue near the optic
papilla in myopia. C. arteriosus, the conoid eminence
of the right ventricle of the heart, whence arises the pul-
monary artery. C. medullaris, the cone-like termina-
tion of the spinal cord, continuous as the filum ter-
minate. Coni vasculosi, a series of conical masses that
together form the globus major of the epididymis.

Convalescence (kgn-val-es,-ens) \_convalescere, to be-
come well]. A term applied to the restoration to
health after the subsidence of a disease or ailment.

Convalescent {kon-val-es' '-ent ) \convalescere, to be-
come well], i. One recovering from a sickness. 2.
Recovering from sickness.

Convallamarin [kon-val-dm' '-ar-in) [convallis, a
valley; amarus, bitter], C2gH44012. A bitter, crystal-
line whitish powder; a glucosid derived from Conval-
laria. It is a rather active poison. See Convallaria
majalis.

Convallaria {kon-val-a' '-re-ah) \_convallis, a valley]. A
genus of liliaceous plants. C. majalis, Lily of the
Valley. All parts of the plant are used in medicine.
Its properties are due to convallarin , C34H62Ou, and
convallamarin, C23H4l< .),,, glucosids. It is a prompt
cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant, valuable as
a heart-tonic. Unlike digitalis, it has no cumulative
effect. C, Ext., soluble in water. Dose gr. ij-x.
C, Ext., Fid., alcoholic. Dosett\ij-xj. C. infusum,
prepared with three times its weight of water. Dose
i|ss-ij. Convallamarin, or Convallamarinum, is
soluble in water. Dose gr. %—Tl). All unof.

Convallarin [kon-val' '-ar-in) [convallis, a valley],
Cjjll,;./),,. A purging, crystalline glucosid derived
from Convallaria.

Convallarrhetin (kon-val-ar-e* '-tin) [coiwallis, a valley ;
I'rrirr;, resin], CMH52Oe. A poisonous resiniform sub-
stance obtainable from convallarin upon the separation
of glucose from the latter.

Convection {kon-vekf-shuri) \convehere, to carry to-
gether]. A transmission or carrying, as of heat or
electricity. C. -current, a current of a liquid or gas
heated to a temperature above that of the surrounding
medium ; it rises to the surface because of its lighter
density, and thus the entire fluid or gas acquires the
same temperature.

Convergence {kcn-verf -jens) [convergere , to tend to a
center]. Inclination or a direction toward a common
point, center, or focus, as, e.g., of the axes of vision
upon the near-point. C. -theory, a theory that ac-
counts for the production of myopia by the pressure
exerted by the external ocular muscles upon the eye-
ball in convergence, this pressure leading to distention
of the eyeball.
21

Convergent {kon-ver* '-pent) [con, together; re, to

incline]. In biology, coining together. Tending to
a common center. C. Strabismus. See Strabismus.

Convex {kon-veks') [convexus, vaulted]. Rounded, as
a swelling of a round or spheric form on the external
surface; gibbous; opposed to concave

Convexity (kon-veks' '-it-e) [convexus, convex]. A
surface rounding outward; the quality of being con-
vex.

Convexo-concave and Convexo-convex {kon-veksf-
o-kon-kdv, k a veks'-o-kon-veks). See Lens.

Convolute {kon' -vo-lut) or Convoluted \k n' -vo-lu-
t d 1 [convo utu . lolled together]. Rolled together.
C. Bones. See Turbinated Bones.

Convolution {kon-vo-lu' -shun) [convolvere, to roll to-
gether]. A folding and turning upon itself of any
organ, as the cerebrum and the small intestines;
any gyrus of the brain. A Table of the Convolutions
of tli ,■ Cerebrum is added. (See page 323.)

Convolvulin {kon-vol' -vu-liti) [convolvere, to roll to-
gether], C;,H50O16. A glucosid derived from the
roots of Jalap {Convolvulus purga). It is a gummy
mass, with active purgative properties.

Convolvulus {kon-vol' -vu-lus) \_convolvere, to roll to-
gether]. A genus of plants. C. panduratus, wild
potato. The tuber is a mild cathartic. Dose gr. xl.
Unof. C. purga. See falap. C. scammonia.
Scammony.

Convulsant {kon-vuV '-sant) \_convellere, convulsum, to
pull together]. A medicine that causes convulsions.

Convulsion (kon-vul'-skun) [convellere, to convulse].
A general paroxysm of involuntary muscular contrac-
tion, whether tonic or (more especially) clonic.
Loss of consciousness and voluntary control of the
muscles, with clonic, tonic, or mixed contraction, etc.
It may be due to epilepsy, other functional or or-
ganic disease of the brain, circulation, etc. ; or may
be cataleptic, hysteric, choreic, etc. See, also,
Epilepsy. C, Infantile, due to a number of can- s,
such as rickets, exhaustion, etc. ; sometimes called
" screaming fits. " C, Puerperal. See Eclampsia.
C, Salaam, Eclampsia nutans, q.v. C, Uremic,
due to the altered state of the blood in disease of
the kidney.

Convulsionary {kon-vuP ' -shun-a-re) [convellere, to con-
vulse]. One who is subject to convulsions ; especially
one of a set of patients who are subject to epidemic
or imitative convulsions.

Convulsivant {con-vuU -siv-ant\ [convellere, to con-
vulse]. An agent that causes convulsions.

Convulsive [kon-vuP '-siv) [convellere, to convulse].
Marked by convulsions or spasms. C. Cerebral
Typhus. See Dubini's Disease. C. Cough. Set
Cynobex kebetis. C. Tic. See Habit- Spasm. C.
Tremor. See Paramyoclonus.

Conydrin {ko-ni'-driu). See Conhydrin.

Cook's (Alleyer) Hematoxylin Solution. A solu-
tion for staining microscopic sections. Extract of log-
wood 6 gm., alum 6gm., cupric sulphate 1 gm., and
water, 40 c. c. are rubbed up into a paste in a mortar.
This is allowed to stand for two days, and then filtered,
and a crystal of thymol is added to the filtrate for
preserving. See Stains, Table of.

Cooper's (Sir Astley) Arsenious Ointment. An oint-
ment composed of arsenious acid and sulphur, each one
part, spermaceti cerate, eight parts. It has been used
as a local application in skin-affections. C. Fascia.
"See Sea/pa's Fascia. C. Hernia. See Hernia, and
Diseases, Table of. C. Irritable Breast. Synonym
of Mastodynia. C. Irritable Testicle. Synonym
of Orchialgia. C. Ligaments. See Ligaments. C.
Method. See' Treatment, Methods of. C. Operations*

NVOU flONS

«•< 'l'nn'iA

utions of the si \spect or convexity of the

Cerebrum.
i,i. Fissure of Rolando. 2,2. Ascending frontal convolution. 3,3. As-

j> and suj" 11s. 4, 4. First frontal con-

utal. 6,6. Third frontal. 7,7. First occi-
tal. 9, 9. Third occipital. to. Anterior
• emity of corpus callostim. 1 i , 11. Posterior extremity.

' y^r*

' PECT OF THE CEREBI

I >ptic ( hiasm. - !

niammill.it ia.
Sylvius.

the lisMii

Se< . Table of. C. Ventilator.

See ' entilation.

Coopers' Knee. An enlarged bursa patellae
found in coopers, as the result of pressure
exerted by the knot.' against the barrel.

Coordination {ko-or-din-a'-shun) [con, to
gether; ordinare, to regulate]. The hai
monlous activity and proper sequence ol
operation ol the various organs "l the body,
< peciall) "t those parts that cooperate in
the performance of any function.

Copaiba [ko-pa' '-e-bah) [Sp.]. Balsam "I
1 opaiba. The oleoresin of Copaifera q
cinalis, C. coriacea, C. guianen 1 , i '. multi-
juga, C. cor di folia, C. laxa, ( '. nitida, ('.
oblongifolia, and C. Ian : legumin-

ous trees, native to South America. It is a
.stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an ex-
pi - torant, and is much used in gonorrhea,
although now considi n d oi doubtful value.
C, Massa, copaiba 94, magnesia 6 parts.
Dose tnjc-sjj. C, Mist. Comp., Lafay-
ette's mixture, unof., copaiba 3 \- i j , oil
till h1 is ~ j, glyceriti vitelli 3 vij ; triturate and
add syr. aq. menth. piperit. 3iiss; then add,
with ' onstanl stirring, liq. potass. 3|ss, tinct.
cardami in comp. ^ij,spt. aether, nitrosi, ^ss,
aq. menth. piperit. q.s. to make 3 viij. Dose
3J-^ss. C, Ol. I »ose rrpx-xv. C, Re-
sina, mainly copaibic acid. Dose gr. j-v.

Copal [kof-pal) [Mex., copalli, resin-].
Anime. These terms include a number of
related resins that are of both fossil and
recent origin. The copal resins, when of
good quality, are too hard to be scratched
by the nail, have a conchoid fracture, and
a specific gravity ranging from 1. 059 to
I.0S0. Unlike others, they are' soluble with
difficulty in alcohol and essential oils, and
are, therefore, valuable for making var
nishes. The softer kinds are called anime.

Copalche (ko-palf-che) [Mex.]. The bark
of ' 'roton niveus and other trees of tropical
America. The term i- a vague one, and is
little used in medical literature.

Copalin, Copalm [ko'-pal-in, ko'-palm)
[Mex., copalli, resins]. The sweet-gum
tree. 1 jquidambar styraciflua ; also the resin
that in warm latitudes exude- from it, the
so 1 ailed I lighgate resin.

Copeman's Method. A method of over
nig the nausea and vomiting of preg-
nancy. It consists in digital dilatation of
the cervix uteri to a slight degree, not
sufficient to induce abortion.

Copernicia cerifera [ko-per-nishf-e-ah ser-
if'-er-ah). See Carnauba.

Cophosis [ko-fo'-sis) [mapdc, deaf]. Deaf-
ness or dulness of hearing.

Copiopia {kop-i o'-pe-ak) \ kSttoi . a straining;

eye]. Eye-strain; weariness of the

C. hysterica, a term applied lo those

Symptoms that indicate hyperesthesia ol the

fifth and optic nerve-.

Sylvius. T2. Olfactory net 13. Third convolu-

tion ol inferior surface ol frontal lobe. [4. Fourth
convolution. 1-. Third convolution ol external
surface ol frontal lobe. r6 External border ol
erior lobe. 17. Sphenoidal extremity. 18. Oc-
cipital extremity. 19. Hippocampal convolution.
20. External convolution of posterior loh«». 21.
involution. 2 •. Intel nal 1 onvolution. 23.
Gyrus fornicatus.

CONVOLUTIONS

:;->:;

I I >NV< iLl I EONS

TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.

Divisus

D'ourlet.

Name.

Loca 1 ION.

Abrupt.

Small convolutions at the extremity of the 01
tal lobe.

Angular.

Posterior portion of inferior parietal lobule.

Anteriorly, continuous with the supra-
marginal convolution Inferioily,
continuous with the middli
sphenoidal convolutioi / wrly,
■ onnec'ted with the <mi ipital lobe t.\
the annectant convolutions.

Annectant (4).

Occipital lobe.

Connect the occipital with the tcm-
poro-sphenoidal and parietal lobes.

Annectant, external.

See Anne, tant, first

Annectant, first.

aal lobe; a portion of the superior occipital
convolution.

Joins the superior occipital convolu-
tion with the superior parietal lobe.

Annectant, second.

1 U 1 ipital lobe, postei L01 part.

Connects the angular and middle con-
volutions.

Annectant, superior.

See Paroccipital.

Antero-parietal.

See Frontal, ascending.

Antero-temporal.

See Temporal, first.

Antorbital.

Frontal lobe (of orang-outang), orbital surface.

Internally, olfactory lobe.

Arcuate.

See Uncinate.

Of Arnold.

See Posterior, inferior.

Basilar, internal.

Frontal lobe (orbital face) ; probably the rectus
convolution, q. v.

Basirrhinal.

Temporal lobe, near tip.

Hippocampal and arm gdaliue fissures.

Breves.

The larger number of the insular convolutions,
as distinguished from the long insular.

Bridging.

See Annectant.

Broca's.

The inferior or third frontal convolution, q. v.

Callosal.

See Fornicate.

Calloso-marginal.

See Fornicate.

Central, anterior.

See Frontal, ascending.

Central, posterior.

See Parietal, ascending:

Choroid, anterior.

In the embryo, the convexity of the parietes of
the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle.

■

Choroid, inferior.

See Choroid, posterior.

Choroid, posterior.

In the embryo, a convexity posterior to the ante-
rior choroid convolution in the lateral recess of
the fourth ventricle.

Choroid, superior.

See Choroid, anterior.

Of the corpus callosum.

See Fornicate.

Cruciate.

See Orbital convolutions.

Cuneate.

Occipital lobe, median aspect of cerebrum ;
wedge-shaped.

Above, parieto-occipital fissure. Be-
low, calcarine fissure

Cuneiform.

See Abrupt.

Dentate.

In the dentate fissure ; rudimentary in man.

Above, the taenia hippocampi; termi-
nates in the notch of the uncinate
gyrus

Descending

lital lobe.

Anteriorly, post-calcarine fissure.

External (4).

See Frontal, ascending.

See Fornicate.

Convexity of each cerebral hemisphere (of dog).

SVOU riONS 324 CONVOl I I LONS

fABLE OB CONVOLl HONS OR GYR] ''I fHE CEREBRUM.— Continued.

urn, immediately above
tin im.

Boundaries.

tlloso-marginal fissure. /»/-
ternally, great longitudinal fissure.
w, corpus callosum.

:

1 rontal lo

■ and belou . g< n< rallj continuous
with the ascending parietal convolu-
tion. Posteriorly, fissure ol Rolando.
Anteriorly, precentral ami supercen-

tral fissures.

-

Frontal lob and outer portion. U-shaped
convolution; forms an essential part of Broca's
titer.

Above, subfrotital fissure. Poster,
the ascending frontal convolution.

Ant'i lorly, becomes the posteiiur
orbital convolution.

■

le.

'id.

uperior and inferior
ntal i onvolutions.

Po teriorly, continuous with the as-
cending frontal convolution. Ante-
riorly, continuous with the middle
orbital convolution Above, super-
frontal ii mi Below, subfrontal

lis 111,

tus.

Frontal lobe.

Posteriorly, continuous with as
ing frontal c. Anteriorly, continuous

with the internal orbital. Its mesal
surface is called the marginal c. Be-
low, the superfrontal fissure.

Front

See Frontal, inferior.
See Frontal, ascending.

See Frontal, superior.

Frontal lobe of cerebrum, median aspect.

Above, fronto-marginal fissure. Below,
supercallosal fissure.

;

See Frontal, superior.

• rm.

See Subcollaleral.

" Passes from the anterior extremity of the forni-
cate convolution over the upper surface of the
callosum, becoming the medial and 1
stria- Lam isi."

See Subcalcarine.

Extends from the splenium, dipping behind and
v the callosum, and continuing forward to
the uncinate convolution.

The hippocampal and collateral fis
sin <s Anteriorly, the uncinate con-
volution. Posteriorly, the splenium.

ntal.

ubfrontal.

\ V-shaped convolution about the inflected fis-

Temporo-sphenoidal lobe, the superior convolu-
tion.

Above, the Sylvian fissure Below, the
super-temporal or parallel fissure

f a group of small convolutions that form
the Reil.

\ portion of the insula; recognized by its
! horizontal direction

■ nvolution between the two parallel central
fissures, in the rare cases in which two co-exist.

The parallel central fissures

■

■ alcarine.

nal.

Internally, longitudinal fissure. Tnfe-
thi i altoso-marginal fissuw.
Posi o-marginal fis-

re of Ro indo.

CONVOLUTIONS 325 CONV< >l.i I [< >NS

TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYR1 OF THE CEREBRUM.— Continued.

Name.

Location.

Boundaries.

Marginal, external.

See Fornicate.

Marginal, inferior.

See Supertemporal

Marginal, internal.

The lamina of the septum lucidum and dentate
convolution.

Above and externally, by the fornicate
convolution.

Medifrontal. See Frontal, second

Medio-parietal, transverse.

See Parietal, ascending .

Meditemporal.

Middle of temporal lobe; a small horizontal con-
volution.

Above, the supertemporal fissure Be-
low, meditemporal fissure Posteri-
orly, continuous with the angular
• '.n volution.

Mendel's.

See Opercular.

Nuclear; also called Pauber's con-
volution.

A fold of gray matter in the olivary body.

Occipital, fifth.

Occipital lobe (of gorilla) Corresponds to the
lingual convolution of man.

Occipital, first.

See Occipital, superior.

Occipital, fourth.

Occipital lobe (of gorilla). Corresponds to the
fusiform of man.

Occipital, inferior.

Occipital lobe.

Above, middle occipital fissure. Below,
inferior occipital fissure. Anteriorly,
continuous with middle temporo-
sphenoidal convolution.

Occipital, lower.

See Occipital, inferior.

Occipital, middle.

Occipital lobe, between the first and third occi-
pital convolutions.

Superiorly, transverse occipital fis-
sure. Inferiorly, inferior longitudi-
nal and occipital fissures Internally,
the median longitudinal fissure. £ > -
ternally ox anteriorly, it runs into the
angular gyrus.

Occipital, second.

See Occipital, middle.

Occipital, superior.

Occipital lobe, superior surface, upper convolu-
tion.

Connected with the superior parietal
by the annectant gyrus.

Occipital, third.

See Occipital, inferior.

Occipital, upper.

See Occipital, superior.

Occipitotemporal .

Lower surface of temporo-sphenoidal lobe.

Occipito-temporal, inferior.

See Subcollateral.

Occipitotemporal, lateral. i See Subcollateral.

Occipito-temporal, middle. See Subcalcarine.

Occipito-temporal, superior.

See Subcalcarine.

Olfactory.

Arises in the anterior perforated space, passitig
forward in the olfactory sulcus, and ending in
the olfactory bulb.

Olfactory, external.

The lateral root of the olfactory tract.

Internally, the olfactory groove.

Olfactory, internal.

Frontal lobe ; the ridge along the inner side of the
olfactory groove. The internal root of the ol-
factory tract.

Opercular ; also called Menders con-
volution.

Frontal lobe.

Enters into the operculum.

Of the operculum.

See Breves.

Orbital.

Frontal lobe; small convolutions on the orbital
surface.

Orbital, anterior.

Frontal lobe.

Continuous with the middle fronta'
convolution. Posteriorly, orbital sul-
cus.

Orbital, external.

See Frontal, inferior.

Orbital, internal.

Frontal lobe.

Infernally, the rectus convolution.

NVOl I Hi INS CONVO] I I [ONS

PABl I OF CONVOLl riONS OR GYR] OF 111 1 - < 1 R] BRl M.— Continued.

N v ■

N

Bol'NDARlKS.

. Iatcr.il.

["he ventral portion of the subfrontal
i onvolution.

Internally, the internal orbital convo-
lution

Front small i on\ olution.

Anteriorly and internally, the orbital
fissure. Continuous with the inf< i ioi
frontal convolution.

Frontal lob* . posterior portion ol inferior sun u i ,

• ,1 .ui.l post-frontal lobes, mesial aspect. It
i> the motoi area i"i some part ol the leg.

Below, the paracentral fissure. Dor-
sal, the precuneus.

> at.

■

■

Parietal lobe.

. Interiorly, fissure of Rolando. Poste-
riorly, intraparietal iissut.-. Below,
fissure ol Sylvius. Above and /.
usually continuous with the asc< nd-
ing frontal, and also above with the
superior parietal convolutions.

Parietal, superior.

See Subparietal.

See Angular.

See I'arietal. ascending.

, ond

, ular and Subparietal.

lal, superior.

Parietal lobe.

Continuous anteriorly with ascending
frontal (generally). Anterio>lv, upper
part of fissure of Rolando. Posteri-
orly, the external parieto-occipital
fissure. Inferiorly, the intraparietal
fissure.

• il. third.

See Marginal.

See Parietal, superior.

i-occipital, lati

See Occipital, middle.

ital, middle (of

Occipital lobe; the dorsal surface of the superior
occipital convolution.

ital.

• i.M]. ital and parietal lobes; U-shaped, curving
around the dorsal end of the occipital fissure

Laterally, the paroccipital fis
Mesiafly, the margin of the cei < bi un

•central

Parit lal, ascending.

Posterior portion of the sigmoid convolution.

; - . r (of A n

Occipitotemporal lobe, ventral aspect.

See Parietal, ascending.

See Post-cruciate.

See Parietal, ascending.

See Frontal, ascending.

In the dog's brain, the convolution lying in front
of the cruciate fissure.

Posteriorly, the cruciate fissure.

See Precruciate

mtal lobes at junction of frontal and orbital
of the cerebrum.

Caudad, preorbital (or orbito-frontal)

■

' ><intal, ascending.

if cerebrum, median surface.

Anteriorly, ralloso-marginal fissure.
Posteriorly, the parieto-occipital fis-
sure. Below, continuous with the
fornicate convolution,

ar.

irbital aspect.

Between the olfactory fissure and the
mesial margin.

CONVOLUTIONS 327 ' ' »NV( >] I 1 [ONS

TABLE OF CONVOL1 riONS OR GYR1 01 Mil. ' I 1:1 BRUM.— Continued.

Temporo-occipital.

Temporo-occipital, middle.

Name.

Location. Boundaries.

Retrocentral.

See Parietal, ascending.

Rolandicus, anterior.

Sec I'i ecentral.

Rolandicus, posterior.

See Post-central.

Sagittal.

[n / lentata, the longitudinal (.'involution. next t<. tin- longitudinal fissure.

Of Schwalbe.

See Parieto-occipital, middle

Sigmoid.

A U-shaped convolution, including important
motor areas.

Surrounding the cruciate fissure.

Straight.

See Rectus.

Subcalcarine.

Occipital and temporal lobes ; a narrow convolu-
tion.

Above, calcarine fissure. Below, col-
lati ral fissure. Peripherad, the cu-
neus.

Subcallosal (of Zuckerkandl).

Mesial aspect of cerebrum.

Reaches from the chiasm to the ros-
trum.

Subcollateral.

Temporal lobe ; the fusiform lobules of the brain.

Connects the occipital and temporal
lobes. Above, collateral fissure. Be-
low, subtemporal fissure.

Subfrontal.

See Frontal, inferior.

Subparietal.

Parietal lobe.

Above, parietal fissure. Antet iorly,
continuous with the marginal and
angular convolutions. Posteriorly,
the paroccipital fissure.

Subtemporal.

See Teniporal, inferior.

Superfrontal.

See Frontal, superior.

Superior.

See Temporo-sphenoidal, superior-.

Supertemporal.

See Infra-marginal.

Supra-marginal.

Inferior parietal lobe, anterior portion.

Anteriorly, the inferior extremity of
the intraparictal fissure. Below, con-
tinuous with the ascending parietal
and superior temporo-sphenoidal
convolutions.

Supra-orbital.

See Frontal, inferior.

Supra-sylvian.

The third external convolution of the dog.

Sylvian.

In Marsupials, the portion of the brain surround-
ing the hssure of Sylvius.

Temporal, first.

See Infra-marginal

Temporal, inferior.

Temporo-sphenoidal lobe ; the lowest of the three
convolutions.

Posteriorly, connected with the third
occipital convolution. Above, the
meditemporal fissure. Below, the
subtemporal fissure.

Temporal, inframarginal.

See Temporo-sphenoidal, superior.

Temporal, lateral inferior.

See Temporal, inferior.

Temporal, lower.

See Temporo-sphenoidal , inferior.

Temporal, middle. See Meditemporal

Temporal, second.

See Meditemporal.

Temporal, superior. See Infra-marginal.

Temporal, third.

See Subtemporal.

Temporal, transverse.

Temporal lobe, ental surface: a number (2 to 4)
of short convolutions near its extremity.

Temporal, upper.

See Infra-marginal.

.

See Occipital, inferior.

Temporo-occipital, internal.

See Fusiform.

See Calcarine.

Temporo-sphenoidal, first.

See Temporo-sphenoidal, superior.

• h >DYS< INESIA Col'VolM \

fABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYR1 "I 111! CEREBRUM.— Continued.

LOCATK

Boundaries.

ro-sphenoidal, inf<

See Temp ■ > ior.

remporo-sphen Idle.

Temporo-sphenoidal, -

-.mil.

>ial.

leondus.

nail convolution.

Anteriorly, the ascending branch of
the fissure of Sylvius.

Se . ascending:

Frontal lobe.

Posteriorly, the opercular convolution.

'

Temporo-sphenoidal lobe (median surface).

Above, the calcarine and dentate fis-
sures. Kel<nu, the collateral fissure.
Internally, the great longitudinal fis-
sure.

Vaui-

See Fornicate.

uckerkandl. See Subcallosal.

Copodyscinesia [kop-o-dis-in \h) [k6~oc, toil,

fat lard; tuvqoig, motion], Difficult or

faulty motion due to constant repetition of the same

nn for the so-called Fatigue-diseases.

Copopsia r'n. See Copiopia.

Copo tigue]. i Lassitude ; exhaus-

2. Cramp in the calves of the legs.

Copper [ME., coper, copper]. Cuprum. \

ad metal not used in medicine in it-- metallic

m, but n 1 by several salts. The latter are

ga- tinal irritants, producing nausea and emesis.

C. acetate, ("u (C2H3< >. .
i pulmonary diseases, and as a lotion in
Dose gr. ^^-\. C. aceto-arsenite,
Pai is a pigment and an insecticide.

C. ammoniate, unof. , ammonium carbonate ], cop-
t sulphate 4 parts. Useful in chorea, hysteria, etc.
-•■ gr. ' ij -j. C. arsenite, a salt valuable in intes-
tinal il; Dose gr. ,-,',,,. C. nitrate (H. P.),
■ jHjl 1. 1- used for the same purposes as the
C. sulphate. CuS04.5H20, soluble in
valuable as an emetic. Dose, as an emetic,
'r-'i- C. Amalgam, a
'illic fill riaj < omposed of chemically pure
tilled mercury. C. -colic. See Colic.
C. -glass. Blu . C. -green. Same
C. Indigo. Same as Oil Blue.
C. Lazulite. S Xzurite. C.-nose. Synonym
C, Potassio-tartrate Sol.,
0, unof., copper sulphate gr. 70,
tT\,4<x>; also dissolve Rochelle salt,
r itl 160 . ; wh.-n requii and

Coppera of copp

sulphati 1 /■email.

C- black.
Coppice-bar .,,-/.

i Hind.]. The dried and crushed
m whi< h cocoa oil is ex-

a purgative.

Copremesis

Copremia dung; 1

from absorption of unduly retained feces. This con-
dition is occasionally met with in chronic constipation.
The symptoms are anemia, sallow complexion, ano-
rexia, frontal headache, vertigo, nausea, flatulence,
thirst, lithemia, fetid breath, lassitude, hypochondri-
asis, and irritability of temper.

Copremic (kop-rem* '-ik) [icdirpoc, dung ; . tfieoic, vom-
iting]. Relating to or affected with copremia.

Coproctic {kop-rok' -tik) [koV/joc, feces]. Relating
to feces ; fecal.

Coproecholalia (kop-ro-ek-o-la'-le-ah) [/coVpoc, tilth ;
tjx^i an echo ; /</>/<;, a babbling]. The mechanical
and purposeless utterance of obscene words by the
insane.

Coprolalia ( kop-ro-la' -le-ah) [ndTvpor, filth; lalid,
speech]. The use of filthy and offensive language as
a manifestation of disease. See Habit-spasm .

Coprolith [kop' -ro-lith) [K&irpoe, dung ; XiOog, stone] .
A hard mass of fecal matter in the bowels.

Coprophagous (kop-rofff-ag-us) \jn>~poc, dung; <t»i
eat]. In biology, applied to dung-feeding beetles.

Coprophagy [kop-roff'-a-je) [noTrpog, dung; •"■,
to eat]. The eating of ordure; a symptom some-
times seenin insane and hysterical patients.

Coprophilous [kop-roff' -il-us) [koV/wc, dung; tyiloc,
loving]. In biology, fond of feeding or growing upon
dung.

Coprorrhea [kop-ror-ef -ah) \k6-i»i<\ dung; ptetv to
flow]. Synonym of Diarrh

Coprostasia [kop-ro-sta'-se-ah). See Coprostasis.

Coprostasis [kop-ros' '-las-is) [icdirpog, dung j ar&aic a
-landing]. The accumulation of fecal matter; arresl
ot the onward movement of fecal matters.

Coptin [kop'-tin) \_k6tztelv, to cut]. A colorless alka-
loid oi Goldthread. See Coptis

Coptis (kop,-tis) [a'i-:.'/i, tocut]. Goldthread. The
il of C. trifolia, a simple bitter tonic resembling
intains coptin, an alkaloid closely allied
to berberin. Dose gr. x-xxx.

Copula [kop'-u-lah) [L. , "a band " ]. 1. The
ula alba cerebri, an anterior commissure of the cere-
brum. 2. A thin lamina joining the rostrum with the

terma.
Copulation '/-shun) \copulare, to couple]. The

act of sexual intercourse.
Copyopia [kop-e-o' -pe-ah) . See Copiopia.

O H)\ II I CI IK

:',■»>

CORIANDER

Coqueluche \kok-luih') [It., a hood or cowl]. Syn-
onym of Influenza; also of Whooping-cough.

Coquet or Coquette {ho-ket') [I'r.j. Synonym oi In-
fluenza.

Coquilles [ko k,\') [Fr.]. A variety of dark eyeglasses
curved like shells.

Cor [kor) [I.. ; gen, . cordis']. The heart. See Heart.
In biology, according to Csesalpino, the seat of tin-
principle oflife in plants. See Root neck. C. adipo-
sum, a heart with a simple excess of the normal >ul>
pericardial fat. C. biloculare, reptilian heart ; a
congenital condition in which there i.-. absence or de
ficiency of the septa of both cardiac auricles and
ventricles. C. bovinum. See Bovine Heart. C.
seminis, the heart of the seed ; the corcle or corcule.
C. villosum, hairy heart ; the peculiar shaggy ap-
pearance presented by the heart in acute plastic peri-
carditis, with the deposited fibrin existing in long
shreds.

Coraco- (kor'-ak-o-) [_Kopa^, a crow]. Pertaining to the
coracoicl process, as C.-brachialis. .See Muscles,
Table of.

Coracoid (kor'-ak-oid) \_n6pai, , a crow ; etdoc, likeness].
I. Having the shape of a crow's beak. 2. The cora-
coid process. C. Ligament, a triangular ligament
joining the coracoid process to the acromion. C.
Process, a beak-shaped process of the scapula.

Coracopectoralis (kor-ak-o-pek-tor-a'-lis) \_Kopa^, a
crow ; pectus, the breast]. The pectoralis minor
muscle. See Muscles, 'fable of.

Coral (kor'-al) [nopaAJaov, coral]. The hard sub-
r.tance secreted by marine polyps. C. Calculus, a
peculiar dendritic form of calculus found in the pelvis
of the kidney, and forming a complete mold of the
infundibula and calices.

Coral Root [kor'-al root). Crawley. The root of
Corallorhiza odontorhiza, a prompt and powerful
diaphoretic that is used in fevers. Dose gr. xxx.
C, Fid., Ext. Dose tt\xv-xxx. Unof.

Coralliform [kor-aV -if-orni) \_corallum, coral ; forma,
shape]. In biology, resembling coral.

Corallin ykor' -al-in) [corallinus, coral-red]. A color-
ing-matter derived from rosolic acid and alcoholic am-
monia. It is used for dyeing red, and is noteworthy
as being a cause of local and general poisoning, and
it is liable to lead to cutaneous and constitutional
affections in those who wear garments dyed with it.
Some observers ascribe its ill-effects to an arsenical
admixture. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectui of.
C. -yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of

Corallite (kor'-al-it) \corallum, coral]. In biology,
the calcareous calyx or cup of a single coral polyp.

Corbiculum [kor-bikf -u-lum) \corbis, a basket]. In
biology, applied to the pollen-basket or the inner side
of the tarsus of a bee.

Cord [chorda, a string]. Used as a synonym for the
Umbilical Cord, the vascular, cord-like structure con-
necting the placenta and fetus. C, Coiling of, loops
about the fetus or its members. C, Columns of.
See Columns. C, False or Superior (vocal), a fold
of mucous membrane on either side of the middle
line of the larynx, inclosing the superior thyro-arvte-
noid ligament. C, Knots of, real knots of the cord
formed by the passage of the fetus through a loop.
False Knots, accumulations of Wharton's jelly at par
ticular points. C, Presentation of, descent of the
cord, at the beginning of labor, between the presenting
part and the membranes. C, Prolapse of, descent
at the rupture of the bag of waters ; incomplete, if
remaining in the vagina, complete, if protruding there-
from. C, Spinal. See Spinal Cord. C, Torsion
of, twisting upon its axis. The blood-vessels of the

cord make about 40 spiral turns. C, Vocal.
Vocal Band. C. of Weitbrecht, the orbicular liga-
ment of the elbow. See also ( 'hi

Corda 1 kor'-dali). See Chorda. C. valvuleux, I Hi-
four's term for the cecal pouches or pancreatic organs
invariably and normally loaded with bacl
cociU' insectorum, Burrill) in certain families of the
higher l lemiptera | /' ntatomida, Scutelleridce, Coritne-
kenida)', invariably wanting in the lowi 1 I biniptera.

Cordial (por'-jal) [cor, the heart], I. Pertaining to
the heart ; exhilaranl ; stimulant. 2. An aromatic,
spirituous stimulant.

Cordiale (kor-de-a'-le) [L.]. Acordial. C.rubifruc-
tus. See Blackberry Cordial.

Corditis [kor-di' '-tis). See Chorditis.

Cordon (kor'-doii) [Pr., a cord or rope]. A chain >>f
posts to enforce a quarantine against a place infected
with an epidemic disease.

Cordylus {/tor* -dil-us) \KopSvXri, a club]. In biology,
one of the tentacular " auditory clubs " of Hydrome-
dusce.

Core [kor) [ME., core, a core]. 1. The central slough
of a boil or carbuncle. 2. The axial or central por-
tion of the terminal corpuscle in a nerve. 3. A
bundle of soft iron wires used as a magnet in the cen-
ter of a coil.

Coreclisis ikor-ek-li'-sis). See Coroclisis.

Corectasis {kor-ek' -las-is) [nopr/, pupil ; huraoic, a
stretching out]. Dilatation of the pupil.

Corectome (kor-ek' -torn) \_k6j»i, the pupil; fKTifiveiv,
to cut out]. An instrument used in iridectomy.

Corectomy (kor-ek' '-to-me) \_1t6p1j, pupil; lurifiveiv, to
cut out]. See Iridectomy, and Pupil, Artificial.

Corectopia (kor-ek-to' -pe-ah) \_KOprj, pupil ;

misplaced]. An anomalous position of the pupil ;
displacement of the pupil.

Coredialysis (kor-e-di-al'-is-is) [nopr/, pupil ; Siakveiv,
to liberate]. The production of an artificial pupil at
the ciliary border of the iris.

Corediastasis (kor-e-di-as' -tas-is) [tcbpri, pupil ; Sidara-
aiq, dilatation]. Dilatation of the pupil.

Corelysis (kor-el'-is-is) [nbpr/, pupil ; Xvaig, a loosen-
ing]. The detachment of iritic adhesions to the lens,
or to the cornea.

Coremorphosis ( kor-e-mor' -fo-sis) [nopr], pupil ; uopo-
uoic, formation]. See Pupil, Artificial.

Corenclisis (kor-en-kli'-sis) [_n6pjj, pupil; hyicXsiaig, in-
clusion]. The formation of a new pupil by displace-
ment, the iris being drawn aside and in part excised.

Coreometer {kor-e-ond -et-er) \_Kopq, pupil,

measure]. An instrument for measuring the pupil of
the eye.

Corephthisis (kor-ef '-tis-is) [ndpi/, pupil ; o"/ovf, a
wasting]. See Corophthisis.

Coreplasty (kor'-e-plas-te). See Pupil, Artificial.

Coreses (kor'-es-ez) [K<>ptr, a bed-bug]. In botany,
reddish discoid bodies found beneath the skin of
grapes.

Coretomy {kor-etf -o-me) \pnpv, pupil ; - to cut].

[ridotomy or iridectomy; any surgical cutting opera-
tion on the iris.

Coriaceous [kor-e-a' -she-u um, leather]. In biol-

ogy, leathery.

Coriamyrtin \kore-am-er' -tin) [corium,a hide; myr-
tus, myrtle]. An exceedingly poisonous principle, a
glucosid, obtained from the fruit of ( 'oriaria myrtifolia.

Coriander, or Coriandrum (ko-re-an'-der, ko-re-an'-
drum) [/co coriander]. Coriander. The

fruit of C. sativum, an aromatic carminative and stim-
ulant, used mainly to give flavor to other remedies and
as a corrective to griping purgatives. Dose gr. j-xx.
C, Ol . the volatile oil. Dose m__ ij-v.

RI ARI A

330

O IRONAL

Coriaria i^ ]■ A genus of poisonous
shr ographic
distribution. C. myrtifolia. used in dyeing and tan-
ning, h nous berries and shoots, rhe seeds
and shoots of C. sarmentosu ol N< « Zealand afford
wi. The memorj i- said t"

ing by iliis
int. I In

Corium 1 . leather]. 1 in- deep lay<

the cul

Cork . bark] A substance obtai

rl of the sub-epidermic bark, of

. "I the

v used in pharmacy,
:n surgery. C.-oak. See Oak-
C. -black. -
Corm the trunk of a tree]. The bulb-

rtain plants, as the crocus.

Cormophyte . the trunk of a tree ;

a plant]. In biology, a term formerly applied

ms and flowering plants — to all

and leaves.

Cormus , a tree-trunk : pi., Cormi\

In if animals, associated " per-

Corn . horn]. A local induration and thicken-

of the skin from friction or pressure. See Claims.

C. -flower. taurea. C. -plaster, a thick plaster

■ a corn, sometimes as a direct curative

nt. and sometimes to prevent pressure and friction

m the .-hoe. C.-silk. the long, thread-like styles

iian corn, gathered while still green and

ulent. It i> used occasionally to relieve the pain

chronic and subacute cystitis, and is

immended for gonorrhea, gravel, rheumatism,

it, etc. Dose of the tincture ,^ss toj. See Zea

C.-smut. See Ustilago. C. -starch, the com-

mercial name of a starch derived from maize, and

1 as an article of food, especially for

inv.i

Cornalia's Corpuscles. See Bacteria, Synonymatic

Cornalian Corpuscles. See Bacteria, Synonymatic

Corne's Test. See Tests, Table of.
Cornea i (■• r'-nc-ah) [ . horny]. The transparent

anterior portion of the eyeball, its area occupying
sixth the circumference of the globe. It is
- .vith the sclerotic, and is nourished by lymph
I Mo. nl-vessels at its peripheral border.
It posteriorly by Descemet's membrane ; the

firmly adherent to its substance in
C, Conical. See Keratoglobus. C, Leu-
koma of. See Leukoma. C, Tattooing of. See
C ., Transplantation of, the operation of
'ion of ti it cornea from some

animal portion of leuko-

Cornea. ,horny]. Relating to the

C. Reflex. Si e I:
Cornein - - . homy], ' :„IIn\,,0„.

and C< rtain coral-..
Corneit.

Corneocalcareous us) [corneus,

lime]. In biology,

nces.

Corneosilicious . horny;

to flint]. In biology, applied to

y and silicious substances.

Corneous horny]. Horny, ot

hon C. Tissue, the substanceof the nails.

c°rr>et ■ . J. .\ 5mall ear trum-

pet worn within the auricula, and sometimes concealed
by the hail of the wi

Comic Acid (koi^-nik). See Cornin.

Cornicle [kor^-nik-l) [corniculum, dim. of cornu, a
horn]. In biology, one of the horn-like excretory
ducts on the back of a plant louse.

Corniculum {kor-nik'-u turn) [cornieula, a little horn:
pi.. Cornieula']. A small cornu or horn-like proci
C. laryngis, a small, hum shaped mas- of cartilage
.m the arytenoid cartilages; called also the Cartilages
of Santorini.

Cornification [kor-nif-ik-af -shun) [corneus, horny,
facere, to make]. The process of hardening or mak-
] horny.

Corniform [kor/-nif-orm) [cornu, a horn; forma,
shape]. In biology, shaped like the hom of an ox.

Cornin [kor^-nin) [corneus, homy]. A precipitate
from the tincture of the bark of Dogwood, Cornus
florida ; it occurs in white, silky, bitter crystals, and
i- a tonic, stimulant, and astringent. Dose two to
four grains. Unof.

Coming's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Cornu [kor^-nu) [L. : pi., Cornua]. A horn. A name
applied to any excrescence resembling a horn. C.
ammonis, the hippocampus major of the brain. C.
cervi, hartshorn or ammonium hydrate. C. cuta-
neum, cornu humanum, a horn or excrescence arising
from the skin, with a deeper portion imbedded within.
These horns vary in shape and size, and may resemble
the horns of lower animals. They are solid, dry,
dense, -month or corrugated, laminated or excavated on
the surface,often elongated and conical at the extremity.
In color they are white, gray, yellow, brown, or
black. They may be single or multiple, and may in-
volve any region of the body, though usually seen on
the scalp and face. They are likely to recur on re-
moval. C. humanum. See C. cutaneum. C. sacri,
the prominence on each bone of the sacrum.

Cornual (korf-nu-al\ [cornu, a horn]. Relating to a
cornu. C. Myelitis, myelitis affecting the anterior
cornua of the spinal cord.

Cornuan's Operation. See Opera/ions. Tabic of.

Cornus (kor'-nus) [L.]. Dogwood. The bark of the
root of C. florida, with properties due to a crystalline
principle, cornin. It is a simple stomachic, bitter and
somewhat antiperiodic. C, Fid. Ext. DosetT^x— 5jj.

Comutin [kor-nu'-tin). One of the poisonous basic
principles or alkaloids of Ergot. Unof.

Coroclisis, or Corocleisis {ko-ro-kW '-sis) [K6ptf, pu-
pil ; K/nmc, a closure]. Pathologic closure or oblit-
eration of the pupil.

Corodialysis [kor-o-di-aP '-is-is)[K6p/j, the pupil; StAXvaic,
a loosening]. See IridoJialvsis.

Corodiastasis {kor-o-di-as' '-tas-is) [ndpy, the pupil;
Staaraaiq, separation]. Dilatation of the pupil.

Corolla (ko-fol'-ah) [corolla, dim. ol corona, a crown].
In biology, the inner floral envelop.

Corona [ko-ror-nah) [coronay a garland]. A crown.
See, also, Capsula. C. ciliaris, the ciliary ligament.
C. dentis, the crown of a tooth, a. v. C. glandis,
the ridge of the r^lans penis. C. ovariana, the i
centic area of tympany above the area of dulness
in cases of ovarian tumor. C. radiata, a radiating
mass of white brain-sub : nding from the in-

ternal capsule to the cortex cerebri. C. veneris, a
circle of syphilitic blotches occurring on the forehead;
mo, dependent upon caries or inflammation of
Hi, frontal bone.

Coronad {korf-o-nad) [corona, the crown; mi, to].
Toward the coronal aspect of the head.

Coronal [kor-o,-nal) [corona, the crown]. Pertain-
in'' to the crown of the head. C. Intestine. See

CORONA MEN

331

CORPUSCLE

Perogaster. C. Suture, the suture joining the frontal
with the two parietal In mo.

Coronamen {kor-o-na'-men) [I.., a crowning: //.,
Coronamina\ Same as Coronet.

Coronary [kor1 '-o-na-re) [corona, a crown]. A term
w\ iplied to vessels, nerves, or attachments thai encircle
a part or organ. C. Bone, the small pastern or me-
dian phalanx of a horse's foot.

Coronate \ko>' o-nat ) [coronatus, to crown]. In bi-
ology, provided with a crown.

Coronen {ko-ro'-neri) [corona, a crown]. Belonging
to the corona in itself.

Coroner [kor'-o-ner) [coronator, a crown, an officer ap-
pointed by the Crown]. An officer who inquires by
authority of the law into the causes of deaths of
sudden or violent occurrence. C, Inquest of, the
legal inquiry before a jury into the cause of a sudden
or violent death.

Coronet (kor'-o-nct) [Fr., coronette, dim. of corone, a
crown]. I. In biology, a crowning circle of hairs.
2. In veterinary surgery, the lowest part of the pas-
tern of the hoof, also called coronamen.

Coronilla [kor-o-nil* '-ah) [dim. of corona, a crown].
A genus of leguminous herbs. C. emerus is purga-
tive. C. scorpeoides, abundant in southwestern
Europe, has doubtful value in cardiac affections when
increased amplitude of pulsation is required. C. varia
is diuretic, purgative, and poisonous. Unof.

Coronillin [kor-o-nil' -in) [dim. of corona, a crown].
A glucosid from Coronilla scorpeoides ; it is said to
be a diuretic cardiant.

Corono-basilar [kor-o-no-bar-sil-ar) [corona, a crown ;
basis, the base]. Extending from the coronal suture
to the basilar aspect of the head.

Coronofacial [kor-o-no-fa' 'shal ) [corona, crown ; fades,
face]. Relating to the crown of the head and to the
face.

Coronoid (kor'-o-noid) [corona, crown; ehhr, like-
ness]. Crown-shaped; as the C. process of the
ulna or of the jaw.

Coronule (kor' -o-niil) [coronula, dim. of corona, a
crown]. In biology, the tuft of down forming a
crown to certain seeds.

Corophthisis (ko-roff'-tis-is) [n6pri, pupil ; 0'toiq, a
wasting]. Habitual or permanent contraction of the
pupil due to a wasting disease of the eye.

Corpora (kor'-por-ah ) [pi . of corpus, a body] . A general
term applied to certain parts of the body having a
rounded or ovoid shape. C. albicantia. See C. mam-
millaria. C. arantii, the tubercles, one in the center of
each segment of the semilunar valves. C. cavernosa,
the cylindric bodies of erectile tissue forming the chief
part of the penis. Also the two masses of erectile
ti>sue composing the clitoris. See Penis. C. geni-
culata, two small eminences projecting from the optic
thalami. C. libera ar-
ticulorum. Mures Ar-
ticulorum ; joint - mice ;
loose bodies, either fibro-
matous, lipomatous, or
chondromatous in nature,
occurring occasionally in i I
joints. They vary in size
from that of a pea to that
of a walnut, and are of all
shapes. They are most
frequent in the knee-joint.
They are of traumatic Corpora Cavernosa and Ad-
origin. C. mammilla- jacent Parts. (Potter.)
ria. Corpora albicantia; '• Corpora cavernosa. 2. Cor-
the mamillary bodies J«?„.S,7f ^Tri^Tl
of the brain. 1 hey are Nerves.

formed by the spreading out on the surface of Oud-
den's ganglion and an adjoining ^an^l ion of the some-
what interwoven fibers of Gudden\ and \ i< <) d Azyr's
bundles. They form the bulbs of the fornix. C.
olivaria, the two oval masses behind the pyramids
ol tin- medulla oblongata. C. oryzoidea, the rice-
like corpuscles or melon-seed bodies of hygromata.
C. pyramidalia, tin- two bundles of white matter of
the medulla oblongata, situated below the pons varolii.
C. quadrigemina, the optii lobes of the brain, the
four rounded eminences situated under the corpus cal-
losum. The anterior pair arc called the nates, and
the posterior, the testes. C. restiformia. the large
columns or cord-like bodies extending from tin- me-
dulla to the cerebrum. C. striata, two organs, one
in each lateral ventricle of the brain, composed of the
caudate and lenticular nuclei. The first, or intra-
ventricular portion, extends into the lateral ventricle.
C. wolffiana, the "primordial kidney."

Corporeal {kor-por^-e-al) [corpus, a. body]. Pertain-
ing to the body. C. Endometritis. See Endome-
tritis .

Corpse (korps) [ME., corps, a dead body]. See Cada-
ver. C. -plant, the Monotropa uniflora, a singular
saprophytic plant of Asia and N. America ; it is a
popular remedy for epilepsy and for sore-eyes. Unof.

Corpulency {kor1 '-pu-len-se) [corpulentus, corpulent].
Obesity ; fatness of the body.

Corpulent {kor' -pu- lent) [corpulentus, corpulent]. Ex-
cessively fat ; obese.

Corpus (kor' -pus) [corpus, a body : //., Corpora\ A
body ; the human body. C. of Arantius. See Cor-
pora. C. callosum. See Commissure. C. caver-
nosum vaginae, the spongy tissue of the vagina. C.
candicans, corpus mamillare ; a small white tubercle
lying on the base of the brain, one on each side under
the thalamus. The two form the boundary-point
between the fore-brain and inter-brain ; each is com-
posed of three nuclei. C. ciliare, the ciliary body
of the eye. C. dentatum. See Olivary Body. Also a
ganglion of the cerebellum, an open bag or capsule of
gray matter, on section of a dentated outline, and
open anteriorly. C. highmorianum, the mediastinum
of the testis, a reflection inward of the tunica albuginea
into the testicle at its posterior border. C. fimbriatum,
the lateral thin edge of the taenia hippocampi. See
also Fimbria. C. luteum, the yellow body. Hyper-
trophy of the membrana propria, or reticulata of the
ovisac, after the escape of the ovule. C. L., False,
that resulting when pregnancy does not occur, called
also the C. L. of Menstruation. C. L., True, that re-
sulting when pregnancy takes place, called also the C.
L. of Pregnancy, and differing in several respects
from the tir-t . C. mamillare. v us candicans.

C. pampiniforme, the parovarium. C. spongiosum,
the spongy body enclosing the urethra, etc. C. stri-
atum. See Corpora. C. trapezoides, the arbor of
the cerebellum. C. trigonum. See Trigonum vesica.
C. uteri. See Uterus. C. vertebrae. See Centrum.
C. Vitreum. See Vitreous Humor.

Corpuscle (kor'-pus-l) [dim. of corpus"]. A name
loosely applied to almost any small, rounded, or oval
body. C., Bizzozero's. See Blood-platelets. C. of
Blood, the minute, biconcave, flat discs, circular in
man, elliptic in the camel, and oval in birds and
reptiles. They are distinguished a- red and white, or
colorless. Red corpuscles have been divided, accord-
ing to their size, into normoblasts (normal in size).
megaloblasts or megalocytes (of excessive size),
microblasts or microcytes (abnormally small), and
poikiloblasts or poikilocytes (of irregular shape
and size). The red corpuscles in the blood of man

< ORPUSI I E

( l |RR< »SU '\

in. in diameter and n thick.

Th. iraglobulin,

cholesterin, lecithin, and oeurin) infiltrated with co

I be white or colorless

corpuscles arc flattened, binucleated or trinucleated

,. La diameter, and cxi^t in the

i ; - . | with red corpuscles. I bey

r, alter tluir shape readily,

|y resemble ami

st numerous in venous blood. The color-

Lesignated as eosinophil*,

:r, lym-

C. of Donne.

C, Eichhorst's, a special

id of those suffering from

C, Gluge's, a variety of large

cells ning fat-drops, myelin, or detritus. They

Cells and Infiamma-

\

'/

Cor i Krause.

i, i, i. Nerve-tubule. 2,
2, 2. Its medullary sub-

wann.

tance
iter of
• and the
1 nuclei.

Corpuscle of Pacini.
1. Base, or proximal extremity.

2. Summit, or distal extremity.

3. Capsules displaying nuclei.

4. 4. Attachment of capsules to
sheath of nerve-tubule. 5. Cavity
of corpuscle. 6 Nerve-tubule.
7. 7. Nerve-tubule successively
losing its medullary sheath and
neurilemma. 8. Enlargement in
which it terminal Granu-
lar matter continuous with the

■his enlargement.

C. of Krause, the spherical or
lining it the ends of tin- nerve-
tub' from a nerve-plexus, rhey occur
in < » of the lips, and various
lul.tr surfaces. C, Malpighian, a
cor] iscles, and to the
C. of Neumann, the nucleated
the blood seen after repi
C, Norris's Invisible,

of the same size as the
• ause their colorand
if tin- liqui
I by Non '-1 normally

that

bin. C, Pacinian, certain

cellular

C. of Purkinje.

C, Shadow. S C.

Tactile, of Wagner, the small, nnd

Tactile Corpus-
cle WITH TWO

Lobes.

in the papillae of the skin and enveloped by nerve
fibers. C. of v. Troltsch, a name formerly given to
a si ries <•! lymph-channels between the two layers of
the lamina propria of the ear. They
arc spindle shaped on longitudinal
tion and stellate on transvi rse
section, and are lined with endothe-
lium. C, Valentin's, the small,
roundish amyloid bodies found in
nerve-substance. C, Weber's, the
sinus pocularis.

Corpuscula [kor-pus' '-ku-lah) [1 ..].
Plural of Corpusculum. C. margi-
nalia, in biology, the marginal sense-
organs of Medu

Corpuscular [kor-pus' -ku-lar) \cor-
puscuhtm, a little body]. Relating
to or of the nature ol a corpuscle.

Corpusculation [kor-pus-ku-la'-shun)
[corpusculum, a corpuscle]. .A con-
dition in which the corpuscles of the
blood have undergone hyperplasia,
being larger and more numerous than
normally.

Corpusculous [kor-pus' -ku-lus) \cor-
pusculum, a corpuscle]. Corpuscular.

Corpusculum [k <r-pus'-ku-lum) [L. :
pi., Corpuscula]. A corpuscle.

Correctant, or Corrective [kor-ek'-
tant or kor-ek' '-tiv) \corrigere, to correct]. 1. Having
the power to correct or to modify favorably. 2. A
substance used to modify or make more pleasant the
action of a purgative or other remedy.

Correction [kor-ek'-shun) \correctus ; corrigere, to
amend]. The rectification of any abnormality (as a
refractive or muscular defect), or of any undesirable
quality (as in a medicine).

Correlated [kor'-el-a-ted) [correlatus, related]. Inter-
dependent; related. C. Atrophy. See .{trophy.

Correlation [kor-el-a1 '-shun) [correlatus, related]. In
terdependence ; relationship.

Corrigan's Button. A cautery-iron. It consists of a
button of iron, ^ inch in diameter by '4 inch thick,
fastened in a wooden handle by a rod 2 inches long.
C. Cautery. Same as C. Button. C. Disease. See
Diseases, Table of. C. Line. See Signs and Symp-
toms, Table of, and Line. C. Pulse, water-hammer
pulse. The jerking pulse of aortic regurgitation.
The volume of the pulse is large, owing to the hypei
trophy and dilatation of the left ventricle : hence there is
a sudden expansion of the arteries. The regurgitation
of the blood, however, as suddenly empties 'he artery,
and the puKe wave subsides rapidly. The peculiarities
of the radial pulse may usuall) l»- intensified by rais-
ing the hand. It i- also called the collapsing, speakin . ,
reading, locomotive, kicking, and shuttle pulse.
Pulse, and Signs and Symptoms, 7h/>/

Corrigent [kor'-ij-en ; e Corrective.

Corroborant [kor-ob'-o-rant) \corroborans, strengthen-
ing]. 1. Tonic : strengthening. 2. A strengthening
medicine.

Corrosion [kor-o'-ehun) \corrodere, to corrode]. The
process of corroding, or the -tale of being corroded.
C. -anatomy, the preparation of any anatomic s]
men by means of a corrosive process that eats away
tho^e parts which it i- not desired to preserve. In
some cases a resisting-substance is injected, so a
preserve the vessels and duct-- from corrosion. C-
preparation, one in which the vessels, ducts, or cavi
ties "i organs are idled bj a fluid that will harden and
the shape of : el or cavity after the

an itself i- corroded or digested or otherwise de-

(OKROSIVK

:;:;:;

I I \

stroyed, the cast remaining. Three methods are used:
i. The injection i- composed of rosin ami white wax

colored with paint, dissolved in balsam of copaiba ;
after the injection, the organ is destroyed b) hydro
chloric acid ami water. 2. ■ Fusiform Metal,

consisting of 7 parts of bismuth, 4 parts lead, 2 parts
tin, and i part cadmium. The tissues are destro
by caustic potash. .}■ Celloidin: The cold celloidin
is slowly and forcibly injected by a syringe, and the
soft parts eaten by an acid or a digesting iluid.

Corrosive [ko 1 [con, intensive ; rodere, to gnaw].

A substance that destroy- organic tissue cither by
direct chetnic means or by causing inflammation and
suppuration. C. Chlorid, mercuric chlorid. C.
Sublimate. See Hydrargyrum. C. -sublimate
Bath. See Bath.

Corroval [kot^-o-val). A variety of curare, or arrow-
poison ; a cardiac and muscular paralyzant.

Corrovalin [kor-o'-val-in). A poisonous alkaloid ob-
tained from corroval. Unof.

Corrugator [kor1 '-u-ga-tor) [corrugere, to wrinkle].
That which wrinkles. Sic Muscles, Table of.

Corset {kor' -set) [F. , dim. of cors, body]. In sur-
gery, an investment for the abdomen or chest, or both;
useful in some spinal disorders and deformities, and
in fractures or injuries of the thoracic walls. C. -liver,
a liver characterized by a furrow resulting from the
pressure exerted by a corset and situated chiefly in
the right lobe. It is due to habitual tight lacing, and
hence is found in women and, rarely, among soldiers.
If extreme, the furrow can be felt along the margin
of the ribs if the abdominal walls are lax.

Corsican Moss. A mixture of fragments of various
seaweeds, brought from Corsica, etc. ; called, also,
helminthochorton. It is said to be alterative, febri-
fuge, anthelmintic, and nutritious. Unof.

Corson's Paint. A substance used as a means of coun-
ter-irritation. It consists of croton oil 2 drams, ether
4 drams, compound tincture of iodin sufficient to make
2 ounces. Paint over the affected part with a camel' s-
hair pencil once daily.

Cortex (kor'-teks) [L. , bark]. The bark of an exo-
genous plant. C. aurantii, orange-peel. C. cerebri,
the external layer of gray matter of the brain. C.
renalis, the cortical substance of the kidney.

Corti (kor'-te). A celebrated Italian anatomist, 1729-
1813. C, Arch of. SeeArck. C, Canal of. See
Canal. C, Cells of, the external hair-cells of the organ
of Corti. Seed?//. C, Fibers of, the rods of Corti. C,
Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of. C, Membrane
of. See Membrane. C Organ of, a series of some
3000 arches upon the floor of the basilar membrane
within the ductus cochlearis of the internal ear. C,
Pillars of, the rods of Corti. C, Rods of, the pil-
lars of the arch of the organ of Corti. C, Rolls of,
the fibers forming the inner limb of the arches of
Corti. C, Tunnel of, a triangular canal between
the layers of the rods of Corti.

Cortical (kor' -tik-al ) [cortex, bark]. Pertaining to
the cortex or bark, or to the cortex of the brain, or of
the kidney. C. Epilepsy, ('. Paralysis, such as is
due to a lesion of the cortical substance of the
brain.

Corticiferous [kor-tis-if-er-us) [cortex, bark ;ferre, to
bear]. In biology, producing a bark.

Corticin [kor'-tis-in) [cortex, bark]. 1. An alkaloid
fmm poplar-bark. 2. A form of tannin from certain
wood-barks.

Corticole (kor'-tik-ol) [cortex, bark ; colere, to inhabit].
In biology, growing on bark.

Cortina [kor-ti1 '-nan) [cortina, a curtain]. In biology,
the marginal veil of certain fungi.

Corviform [kor* '-ve-form) [eorvus, a crow; forma,
ipe]. In biology, resembling a crow.

Corvisart's Facies. See Signs and Symptoms, Tal

Corybantism [kor-e-bantt '-izm\ [

bantic frenzy]. Maniacal frenzy, with sleeplessness,
choreic exi itement and visual hallucinations.

Corydalin [kor-id/-a/-in) [icopvda%Xi(, tin- crested lark],
Ci8H19N04. A precipitate from the tincture of the
r<>, ,t of Corydalis formosa ; it i- tonic, diuretic, anti-
syphilitic, resolvent, etc. hose i to 5 grains. Unof.

Corydalis [kor-id' vdaXUg, the crested lark].

Turke) corn. The tuber of C.fornu ntra can-

adensis), a tonic, diuretic, and alterative. Doseof fid.
ext. IT\x-xl. Corydalin, the alkaloid. Dosegr. j-v.
Unof.

Corymb {kor'-imb) [ . a head or cluster of fruit

or flowers]. In biology, a flower-cluster on the inde-
terminate plan, in which the axis i- somewhat short-
ened and the pedicels of the lower flowers somewhat
lengthened, so :t- to form a flat-topped clust

Corymbose [kor-im' '-60s) [no/iv/iSor, a flower-cluster].
In biology, corymb-like, or arranged in corymbs. C.
Eruption, a variety of the eruption of smallpox in
which it shows itself in patches or clusters the size of
the hand, as thickly set as possible, while the surround-
ing skin often remains entirely free. The grouping
may be symmetrically distributed. This variety of
small-pox is very dangerous.

Coryphodont 1 kor-if -o-dont) [icopv<pf/, summit ; 0

>>VT-) tooth]. In biology, having teeth with pointed
cusps .

Corysterium [kor-is-te1 '-re-um) [ko uo~r . one having a
helmet]. In biology, an onjan found in the abdomen
of certain female insects, that -ecretes a jelly-like pro-
tective envelop for the eggs.

Coryza (ko-ri'-zak ) [Kdpvg, m'>m-~n. the head]. Catarrh of
the muci »us membrane of the nasal passages and adjacent
sinuses, popularly called a " cold in the head."
Rhinitis. C. caseosa, a term applied I y Cozzolino
to a disease in which the nostril- are filled with casi
masses. C, Idiosyncratic. See Hay-fever. C.
maligna. Synonym of Siui[fles of the New-born. C,
Periodic Vasomotor. See Hay-fever. C. Vaso-
motor. Synonym of Hay-fever.

Cosme's Paste. See Ilcbrd s Arsenical Paste.

Cosmesis (koz-me> '-sis) (Knauhiv, to adorn]. The art
of preserving or increasing beauty.

Cosmetic [koz-metf -ik) [KoafiTfriKdt . - iv, to adorn].
A remedy designed to improve or to hide defei t -
the skin or other external part-. It may be a white
powder, such as starch, magnesic oxid, calcium car-
bonate (levigated), zinc oxid. mercurous chlorid, or
bismuth subnitrate applied externally, it may be a white
substance dissolved in dilute alcohol, which is left
upon the face after the evaporation of the solvent ; or
it may be a stimulant to the skin used internally, such
as arsenic. C. Operation, a surgical operation to
give a natural appearance to a defective or unsightly
part.

Cosmetology [koz-met-oV -o-je) [kSo/ietos, orderly;
/<<;<></, science]. The science of the proper care of
the body with respect to cleanliness, dress, etc.

Cosmic Disease. Syphilis of the heart-valves.

Cosmolin ' mo-lin). See Petrolatum.

Costa [k [L.]. A rib. See Tib.

Costal (kos'-tal) [costa, a rib]. Pertaining to the ribs.
C. Arch, the arch of the ribs. C. Cartilages, the
12 cartilaginous extensions of the ribs.

Costalgia \kos-tal'-je-ah) [costa, a rib; «/;or, pain].
Intercostal neuralgia; pain in the ribs.

Costen [kosf-ten) [costa, a rib]. Belonging to a rib in
itself.

PAS! I

COUP 1»1" Si Mill.

Coster's Paste. A remedy of some value in the treat
ment \i \- made ol todin

ims, in one oun« of pitch. This is to be

nted upon the patch and allowed t" remain until
the cru-t which is produced by the application falls off.
Costicartilage a rib;

ified

rib.

Costicervical
.1 net k] R
Costicervical^

endens muscle.

Costispinal "•'. the

niiii. C.

muscles. S

Costr. bound]. Consti-

ted with
Costiveness ■ be bound].

stion characterized by reten-
i and hai
Costi - | :hx denoting con-

Costotome , rib; n/tdg, cutting].

A itting the costal cartilages in dis

Costus Roo- utchuk.

Cotnar lavian place-name]. A rich,

and highl) esteemed wine from Roumania.

Coto - ., a cubit]. Coto Hark. The bark of

a tree native to Bolivia. It contains a bitter principle,

H1806, irritant to the skin and mucous

membranes, ll - utic properties arc not known.

It i- recommended for diarrhea and zymotic fevers and

• of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose

:. j— xv ; of the lluid extract gtt. v— xv ; of

the tincture i i |, L^tt. x-xxx ; of cotoin, gr. ss-j.

Cotoln 5] oto, a cubit], CMH18Og. A

. -;ance found in Coto Bark. to.

Cottage-hospital [kot/-Sf-hos/-pit-al). A small esta-
nt for the purpose of providing for the sick in
mall and isolated community.
Cotting*s Operation. ations, Table of.

Cotton [Ml "]. Gossypium, a white

h:\ir that envelops the seeds of the cotton-
i fiber is very char-

It ] i and collapsed tube,

ghtly twisted in a spiral form, with comparatively
: ill central opening. < hcmically,
it ( l t. of pure cellulose, ~

all amount of fat, nitrog-
C, Absor-
ber.' d, by removal of oily matl

C.-blue. - Blue.

C. -holder, near the end, upon

isted into a pledget. C.-oil.

C.-root. vpium. C. -phthisis,

a pulmonary disease occurring among

in inhalation of cotton dust. C-

seed Oil nr C.-oil, oleum gossypii . an oil

t feral
brownish yellow
in ii grai it)

i oil has a straw-

. nutty flavor,

15° C, boiling al about 6oo°

poni-
lulterating olive, lard,

Cotton's Test.

Cotunnius, Aqueduct of C, Canal

of. C, Liquor, or Water of, the

perilymph. See .l./ua labyrinthi. C, Nerve of.
the naso palatine. S . . .

Cotyledon [hot-il-e'-dori) \ a socket]. \

mass "i tuft of villi on the fetal side oi the placenta ;
not no mi. ill\ preseat upon the human placenta. The
placenta of the ruminant mammals has many such
masses, hence is polycotyledonous.

Cotyloid i I) \_Kuri/i,. a cup; eldog, form].

Cup-shape. C. Fossa, <>r Cavity, the acetabulum.
C. Ligament, surrounds the acetabulum. C. Notch,
a notch in the anterior and lower border of the acel
abulum.

Couch-grass (-. See Triticum.

Couching [kowch'-ing\ [Fr., . t<> depress].

The operation, now fallen into disuse, "i depressing a
cataractous lens into the vitreous chamber, where it
was left to be absorbed.

Couerbe's Test. Se< . Table of

Cough {kof) [ME., cough, a cough]. A sudden vio-
lent expiratory explosion after deep inspiration and
el. .Mire of the glottis. C. -center. See Center. C,
Trigeminal, a reflex paroxysmal cough, occurring in
individuals whose respiratory organs are perfectlj
sound, and due to an irritation of the trigeminal fibers
distributed to the nose, pharynx and external auditory
meatus. O, Winter, a short troublesome cough of
old people due to chronic bronchitis, and recurring
every winter.

Coulomb (/cc>olt>//i/) [after Coulomb, a French physi-
cist]. The unit of measurement of electric quan-
tity ; the quantity of electricity that passes during one
second through a conductor having a resistance oi
ohm, with one volt of electromotive force. The
micro-coulomb is the millionth part of this amount.

Coulomb's Law. See Law.

Coumalic Acid {koo-mal'-ik). See Acid.

Coumaric Acid {koo-mar'-ik). See A id.

Coumarilic Acid {koo-mar-il' '-ik). See Acid.

Coumarin [koo' '-mar-in), C9H6< '.. A vegetable proxi-
mate principle that occurs in Asperula odorata, in the
Tonka bean, and in Melilotus officinalis. It is solu-
ble in hot water, readily so in alcohol and ether; it
crystallizes in shining prisms, possesses the odor of the
Asperula, ami melts at o-°, in the proportion oi -
grains to the dram. It covers the odor ol iodoform.
Unof.

Coumarone {koo' -mar-on) , C8H60. A body, formed
by distilling coumarilic acid with lime. It is present
in coal tar. It is an oil that sinks in water, and boils
at IO90 C.

Counter-extension [kownf-ter-eks-tenf-shuri). See Ex-
ion.

Counter- indication {kownf -tcr-in-Jik-a' -shun). See
ntra-indication.

Counter-irritation [kown' ' -ter-ir-it-a1 '-shun) [contra,
against; irritare, to irritate]. Superficial and

illv produced inflammation, in order to exercise a

I up. .n some adjacent or deep seated morbid

process. This is generally accomplished by vesicants.

Counter -opening (kown/-ter-op/-en-ing'\ [contra,
in-i ; Ml... openyng, an opening]. An incision
in. id.' in an ab i cavity, opposite to another,

nerally tor purposes of drainage.

Counter-poison \k07vn' '-ter-poV >d [contra, against;
ME., poisoun, poison], A poison given as an anti-
d. .i i| her poison.

Counter-stroke [kown' '-ler-strok). See Contre-coup.

Country Fever. Si . Florida. C. F. of Con-

stantinople. Synonym oi Mediterranean I

Coup de Soleil {koo duh so-lay') [Fr.]. Sunstroke.

coir sir i mi I-

:;:;;

CRADIN

Coup sur Coup [koo sur kot/) [Fr.]. Blow upon
blow; a designation lor an obsolete method of appl)
ing venesection; the successive bleedings following
each other rapidly.

Couperose [kupt-rdz) [Fr.]. Synonym of Acn
rosacea.

Coupler's Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C.
Red. Same as Rosanilin.

Courses (kors'-cz). See Menses.

Court Plaster [iortplas/-ter). See Ichthycolla.

Courty's Method. See Treatment, Methods

Couvade [koo-vakd'} [Fr., couver, to hatch]. Male
child-bed. A custom o( certain savage tribes in
which, alter child birth, the father goes to bed, etc.,
and the mother gets up, etc.

Couveuse (/ ') [Fr.]. See Incubator.

Tarnier's Couveuse.
(From Fullerton's " Obstetric Nursing:")

Cover |7vr;''-rr) [ME. , cuveren, to cover]. I. To pro-
tect. 2. To copulate with; said of male animals. C-
correction, an arrangement to so adjust the lenses of
a microscope that the best definition may be obtained
for varying thicknesses of cover-glasses. C. -glass,
in microscopy, the thin lamina of glass covering the
object mounted on the slide. It should not exceed
2^„ inch in thickness. < )n account of its effect on the
transmission of light, the thickness of the cover-glass
must be considered in correcting the objective. C-
glass Preparation, the fixing and staining of a fluid
upon a cover-glass. C.-slip. Same as C. -glass.

Cow (/-,<:,', [AS., cu, cow]. The female of the genus
Bos, ami of other large animals. C.-bane. Water
Hemlock. The leaves of Cicuta virosa, an acrid nar-
cotic, highly poisonous to cattle, but not affecting
sheep and goats. It causes intoxication and spasm.
It i- sometimes used externally as an anodyne in
rheumatism. C. -parsnip. See Masterwort. C.-pox,
C.-pock, a variety of pock seen in the cow, and
thought to correspond with smallpox in man. C-
tree. See Brosimum.

Cowage {koitZ-aj} [Hind., kawanch, cowhage]. The
external hairs <<\ tin- pod of Mucuna pruriens, used
in medicine as a mechanical vermifuge.

Cowan-plant [kow'-an-plant). See Alonsenel.

Cowdie-gum i .;'■■ urn) [nat. N. Zeal.]. Codie

pine re--in. The resinous juice from the Dammara
australis, a coniferous tree of Xew Zealand. It is
one of the ingredients of copal varnishes. It is also
one of the ingredients of the impression-material
known as " Modeling Composition." It is one of the
varieties of Dammar, </. v., and is also called Kauri-
gum.

Cowell's Operation. See Operations, Tab!,

Cowhage, Cowitch (kozo'-aj, kow'-i - Mucuna

and Cowage.

Cowl [kowl ) [AS . • .a hood]. A cover for a chim-

ney, that turn-, with the wind and iila-

tion.
Cowling's Rule. A. rule for dosage. In his formula
the age of the child at the next birthda) is the nume
rator and 24 the denominator. According to this,
the dose of a child approaching lour years of age

Would be .\ = \ of tie- dose fo] ail adult.

Cowper's Glands. See Gland.

Cowperitis {kow-per-i' -tis) [Cowper, an English anato-
mist ; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glands
ot Cowper, usually gonorrheal in origin.

Cowpoxing [kow-poks'-ing). Synonym of Vaccination.

Coxa {koks'-ah) [coxa, hip]. 'I he hip joint or the hip.
In biology, the basal joint of the [eg ot an arthropod,
abbreviated from coxognalhite and coxopodile,ot Milne
Edwards ; also - lite.

Coxagra [koks-a' -grah) [coxa, the hip; aypa, seizure].
Gout in the hip; sciatica.

Coxal [koks'-al) [coxa, the hip]. Relating to the
or hip.

Coxalgia [koks-al' '-je-ah) [coxa, a hip; .tin].

Pain in the hip-joint. See Sciatica, and Hip-joint
Dis

Coxalgic ( koks-al' -j/k) [coxa, the hip; a/.tioc, pain].
Relating to coxalgia.

Coxarthrocace (koks-arth-rok' -as-e) [coxa,hip;
joint; kok6q, bad]. A fungoid inflammation of the
hip-joint.

Coxe's Hive-mixture. See Scilla and Antimonium.

Coxecphysis (koks-ek'-fis-is) [coxa, hip ; h

blow out]. In biology, a branch springing from the
coxa of an arthropod ; synonymous with the epignath-
ite and epipodite of Milne Edwards, and with the podo-
branchia of Huxley when it is connected with the
branchial plumes, as in Homarus.

Coxitis [koks-i' -tis) [coxa, the hip; trie, inflammation].
Inflammation of the hip-joint.

Coxocerite [koks-os/ -er-it) [coxa, the hip ; nepac , horn].
In biology, the basal joint of the antenna of an arthro-
pod.

Coxodynia [koks-o-dinr -e-aK) [coxa, hip; tin].

Same as Coxalgia.

Coxo-femoral [koks-o-fem'-or-al) [coxa, the hip;
femur, the thigh-bone]. Relating to the coxa and the
femur.

Coxopodite (koks-op'-o-dit) [coxa, hip ; kovq, a foot].
See Coxa.

Coxotuberculosis [koks-o-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) [coxa, the
hip ; tuberculum, a tubercle]. Tuberculous disease of
the hip-joint.

Crab L.ouse (k>-a/>/-/t'7(is) See Pedicu

Crab's-eyes [krabz'-li . Mat, calcareous concretions
{Lapides cancrorum) derived from the stomach of the
crab, and used as a means of removing foreign bodies
from the eye. Also a name for the seeds of Abrus
precatorius.

Crachotement [kra-shot-mon (g)') [Fr.]. A peculiar
reflex following operations upon the utero ovarian or-
gans, marked by a desire to spit, without the ability to
do so. It is usually accompanied by a tendency to
syncope.

Cracked-metal Sound. See Crack und.

Cracked-pot Sound. A peculiar sound elicited by per-
cussion over a pulmonary cavity communicating with
a bn melius.

Crackling [krak'-ling) [Ml . ak 'en, to crackle].
A sound compared to that produced when salt is
thrown into the fire, heard over a lung in which soften-
ing of tuberculous deposits has begun to take place.

Cradin [krad'-iri] [Kpadi/, fig-branch]. A principle
obtainable from tin- leaves and twigs of the common
tig. It is said to be a peptic ferment, in some respects

I>I I

CR Wll « I' 'MY

lie]. Ii

, injured

C -<

.

of a
. and in-
C -pessary, a cradle-shaped
ie uterus.
m] I 'i ston

se merely of

C. -stunt, arrest in mental

\. C. -stunted, arrested

idy.

Cramp \ 5p ismodic tonic

with >harp pain.
1: calf.

. and

C, Accommo-

of the eye. C,

Auctioneer >es affect-

. aris oris muscle.
C - C, Ballet-dancers',

>pe-
by pain and

fcalf.
upon the part-. C-
bo:. C, Black-

smith - C, Car-drivers',

-■ d ; erhaps

;pasm and weak-

' -brakes.

Chisel. ing in smiths,

thi o mtinuous
nt. C, Cigar-
maker n.il neurosi s,c< msist-

es of the

itions also extend

C, Cigaret-makers'.

C, Clarionet-players', a cramp

■ u les experienced

trument. C. Colic,

by contrac-

small intestines

C, Coach-

rn<" isionally

C, Cornet-players', a rare and

r . in

d, from inability
C, Dancers'.
C. Elocutionists'.
C, Flute-players', slight
lly in fl
t. Also
band,
C, Glass-
blower I and permanenl

to the
with wh
ldbeatc: ;,u--

C, Himmer. n's.

■

C, Hammermen's, a spasmodic affection of tin-
musi les "i the arm and shoulder, at times unattended
with pain, due to the repeated act oi hammering. C,
Knitters', a peculiar affection "t the hands "t those
uh>. knit, consisting in a contraction of the extensor
muscles, with numbness oi the ends oi the 6ngers. C,
Milkers', a spasmodic contraction oi the extensors
and flexors of th rm in consequence of continu-

ous exertion in milking. C, Milkmaids'. See ('..
MM rs' . C, Musicians', .1 genera] term including
pianists' cramp, violinists' cramp, flutists' cramp,
the cramp of clarionet players, etc. C, Nailsmiths'.
( .. Hammermen's. C, Photographers', a ran
professional neurosis C, Pianists', a neurosis of the
hands and fingers of piano-players, 1 d by

fatigue, pain, and weakness. The pain extends up
the arm to between the shoulders. C, Piano-
players'. See '., Pianists'. C, Saltatory. See
■ ism. C, Sawyers', peculiar incoSrdin-
ated movements of the saw-arm and corresponding
side of the body, from excessive use. C, Scri-
veners'. Sc<- ('.. Writers'. C, Seamstresses', a
fessional neurosis consisting in a spastic condition 1 A
tin- flexors of the fingers from constantly plying tin-
needle. C, Shoemakers'. SeeSAoesalesmen'sDis,
C, Smiths'. See C, Hammermen's. C, Speakers'.
See Dysphorila spastica. C, Swimmers', a painful
cramp of the muscles of the calf of the leg of swimmers,
frequently causing death by drowning. C, Tailors',
a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the thumb,
forefinger, hands, and arms, sometimes occurring in
tailor-, from overwork. C, Telegraphers', a partial
paralysis of the muscles of the hand and lingers with
spasm, produced by fatigue from long-continued use
.■I Morse's instrument. C, Treadlers', one of the
professional neuroses ; it is met with in treadlers, and
consists in cramps of the leg-muscles from constant use
"I the machine. C, Violinists', a painful tramp
most common in the left shoulder of violinists ; it is due
to the peculiar position assumed in holding the violin.
C, Watchmakers', a cramp in which there is a
flexion of tin- metacarpophalangeal joints, with exten-
sion of the other joints of the hand. Also, an inability
to retain the glass in the eye-socket. C, Writers',
Scriveners' palsy; a difficulty in writing, due to spas
modi action of the muscles of the hand and arm, to
pain, i" tremulousness of these muscles, or to fati

1 weakness of the extremity. Th< titute the

four forms, spastic, neuralgic, tremulous, and paralytic.

Crampton's Muscle. See- Muscles, Table of. C.
Operations. See Operations, Tabic of.

Crampus [kramf-pus\ [!-]• An old name for a cramp,
or for any disease characterized by cramp-.

Cranberry [kran' [ME., cranebery, a berry].

The acid iruit of Vaccinium /» and / '. macro-

It i- a popular material for poultices, and is

1 cure for carcinoma. Dnof. C.-tree.

See Viburnum opulus.

Crane-bark [kran'-bark). Sec Viburnum opulus.

Crane's-bill Root. St re Geranium.

Craniacromial ak-rof-me-al\ [>. ■ nil;

the point of the shoulder-blade]. Relating
to the 1 ranium and the acromion.

Cranial [kra'-ne-al) \jtpaviov, the skull]. Relatin
the 1 ranium. C. Bosses, flat, bony elevation- oi
frontal imes seen at the angles

mi. 1 ioi fi mtani 1 I he) are said to bi a pi
1 .1 hereditary syphilis.

Craniectomy [kra neck' /,< n skull ; i/cropi/,

out]. The surgical removal of strips or
pieces of the cranial bones. It is performed in cases
of m haly.

CRANK >CELE

3157

CRANIOSTOSIS

Craniocele (kra' -ne-o-sll) [Kpaviov, skull; m/'/'i, a

tumor]. Encephalocele, </. v.
Cranioclasis [kra-ne-ok' '-las-is) [jcpaviov, skull; idAoig,

a breaking]. See Cranioclasm.

Cranioclasm (kra'-n, °.-o-klazm) [Kpaviov, the skull ;
icX&eiv, to break]. The operation of breaking the
fetal head by mean- ol the cranioclast.

Cranioclast Utraf -ne-o-klast) [upaviov, skull; Kkaevu,
to break], A heavy forceps for crushing the fetal
head.

Craniodiaclast [kra-ne-o-dV '-ak-last) [Kpaviov skull ;
diaK/av, to break into pieces]. An instrument fur
breaking the skull in craniotomy.

Craniodidymus {kra ne-o-did' '-im-us) [Kpaviov, skull;
didvpog, double]. Same as Cephalopagus.

Craniofacial {kra-ne-o-fa' -shal) [Kpaviov, skull ; fades,
face]. Relating to the cranium and the face; as the
craniofacial axis, the craniofacial notch, etc.

Craniograph Ikra'-ne-o-grdf) [Kpaviov, skull ; ypdtpeiv,
to record]. An instrument for recording the outlines
of the skull.

Craniography {kra-ne-og^-ra-fe) [Kpaviov, the skull ;
yp&Qeiv, to write]. That part of descriptive crani-
ology the object of which is to describe the parts or
regions of the skull or bones of the face.

Cranio-hematoncus [kra/-ne-o-hem-at-ong,-kus) \jtpa-
v/ov, skull; alfia, blood ; bynoc, a tumor]. Synonym
of Cephalhematoma.

Craniology ikra-ne-ol'-o-je) [Kpav'tov, cranium ; /oyog,
science]. A branch of anatomy based upon the com-
parative study of skulls.

Craniomalacia [kra-ne-o-mal-a' '-se-ah). See Cranio-
tabes.

Craniomandibular {kra-ne-o-man-dib' -u-lar) [Kpav'tov,
skull; mandibula, the mandible]. Relating to the
skull and the lower jaw.

Craniometer {kra-ne-om' -et-er) [Kpaviov, skull ; perpov,
a measure]. An instrument for gauging the dimen-
sions of the skull.

Craniometric, Craniometrical ( kra-ne-o-met'-rik,
kra-ne-o-metf -rik-al) [Kpaviov, skull ; perpov, a mea-
sure]. Pertaining to craniometry. C. Point, any
one of the points of measurement used in craniom-
etry. A list of the craniometric points is given.
ACANTHION [aK&vdiov, a little spine], a point in
the median line of the skull at the base of the
nasal spine. Alveolar Point, the point between
the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. Antinion,
that point on the glabellum, and in the median line,
that is farthest from the inion. AsTERlON [adTeptov,
starry], the point behind the ear where the parietal,
temporal and occipital bones meet. Auricular
Point, the center of the orifice of the external audi-
tory meatus. Basion [basis, fundament], the middle
point of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.
BREGMA, the point where the coronal and sagittal
sutures meet. Dacryon, or Dakryon [daupvov, a
tear], the point beside the root of the nose where
the frontal, lachrymal, and superior maxillary bones
meet. Entomion, the point where the parietal notch
of the temporal bone receives the anterior extension
of the mastoid angle of the parietal. Glabella, or
GLABELLUM, the point in the median line between the
superciliary arches, marked by a swelling, sometimes
by a depression. GNATHION, same as Mental Point.
GoNiON.the point at the angle of the lower jaw. HoR-
MION, the anterior point of the basilar portion of the
united spheno-occipital bone, where it is crossed by the
median line. Inion, the external occipital protuberance.
JUGAL POINT, the point situated at the angle that the
posterior border of the frontal branch of the malar
bone makes with the superior border of its zygomatic

branch. KORONION, the apex of the coronoid pro-
cess "i the inferior maxilla. Lambda, the point of
meeting of the sagittal and the lambdoid sutures.
M \i.\k PoiN i. a point situated on the tubercle on the
external surface of the malar bone, nr at the intersec-
tion (,| a line drawn from the external extremity of
the fronto-malar suture to the tuben ]>■ at the inferior
angle ol the malar bom- and a line drawn nearly hori-
zontall) from the inferior border of the orbit over the
malar bone to the sup< i i< >r border of the zygomatic arch.

Maximum Occipital Point, or Occipital Point,
the posterior extremity of the antero-posterior diameter
of the skull, measured lr<>m the glabella in front to the
most distant point behind. Mental POINT, the
middle point of the anterior lip of the lower border
of the lower jaw. METOPION, or METOPN Point, a
point in the middle line between the two frontal emi-
nences. NASION,or Nasal Point, the middle of the
frontal suture at the root of the nose I . the

part of the sagittal suture between the two parietal
foramina. OCCIPITAL POINT. See Maximum Occi-
pital Point. OPHRYON, the middle of the supraorbi
tal line, which, drawn across the narrowest part of the
forehead, separates the face frqm the cranium. ( >pis-
THION, the middle point of the posterior border of
the foramen magnum. PROSTHION, the Ah-eolar
point. PTERION, the point where the frontal, parie-
tal, temporal, and sphenoid bones come together.
RHINION, the upper median point of the anterior
nasal opening. Spinal Point. Same as Subnasal
Point. STEPHANION, 1 NFERIOR, the point where the
ridge for the temporal muscle intersects the coro-
nal suture. Stephanion, Superior, the point

where the coronal suture crosses the temporal ridge.
Subnasal Point, the middle of the inferior border
of the anterior nares at the base of the nasal spine.
Supra-auricular Point, the point vertically over
the auricular point at the root of the zygomatic pro-
cess. Supranasal Point. Same as Ophryon.
Supraorbital Point. Same as Ophryon. Sym
physion, the median point of the outer border of the
alveolus of the lower jaw. Vertex, the superior
point of the skull. In obstetrics, that conical portion
of the skull whose apex is at the posterior fontanel
and whose base is formed by the biparietal and
trachelo-bregmatic diameters.

Craniometry (kra-ne-om,-et-re) [Kpaviov, skull ; perpov,
a measure]. The ascertainment of the proporti'n-
and measurements of skulls, together with the discus-
sion of the ascertained facts, and the drawing of sci-
entific inferences therefrom. See An . Index,
Plane, Point.

Craniopagus [kra-ne-op/ -ag-us). See Cephalopagus.

Craniopharyngeal {kra-ne-o-fa y in' '-je-at ') [Kpaviov,
skull ; oapv-}:, the pharynx]. Relating to the crani-
um and the pharynx.

Craniophore (kra'-ne-o-fdr) [Kpaviov, cranium ; oipetv,
to bear]. A device for holding the skull during cra-
niometric study.

Cranioplasty ( kra' -ne-o-plas-te ) [Kpaviov, skull ;
-'/naroc, formed]. The surgical restoration or cor-
rection of cranial deficiencies.

Craniosclerosis {kra-ne-o-skle-ro' -sis) [Kpaviov, skull ;
(TK/j/f>6c, hard]. A condition the antithesis of that
seen in craniotabes. A thickening of the cranial
bones, usually due to rhachitis.

Cranioscopy {kran-e-os* -ko-pe). See Phrenology.

Craniostegnosis [kra-ne-o-steg-no* '-sis) [Kpaviov, skull;
ari-.vt.imt;, contraction]. Contraction of ihe skull.

Craniostosis [kran-e-os-tor -sis) [Kpaviov, skull ; bareov,
a bone]. Congenital ossification of the cranial
sutures.

(RAM' '1 '

« kl ^.SOTE

Craniotabcs
to waste awaj ] A

formatioi
ihc bone-substance. These pits
worm eaten
most usually
parietal
of the other cranial
i u ithin out ■ that in

I

I lie

with the

i ; they may

markings of

the .skull. 1 inly encoun

that is, up to the

s< rious on

lotabetiv. . skull ; ta-

or belonging to

Craniotome ill; rifiveiv, to

iniotomy
Craniotomy nil; to:.

i lucing the size of the

. ung ii up, when delivery
I ision of a portion
i by Prof. Lannelongue in ca

isure upon the brain and
C , Linear. See Crani-

Craniotractor ! . , skull ; trac-

lesigned to be used
als tor.

hum.
i

6. Lamb-
|uamo-pari<

■i su-
tal suture,
nto-malai
' o-maxillar
lital foran

mtal
torn of which may

nil]. The skull
1,1 ind

vessels. It consists of n bones, of which 14 belong
ui the face, and 8 to the cranium proper. See Skull.

Crank [krank) [Ger.,sick], A popular term for an
lividual or a hobby rider.

Cranter [kran'-ter\ [icpavTJjp, upaiveiv, to finish, render
perfect: pi., Cranteres\ A wisdom-tooth. The
dentes sapientiae arc sometimes so called because their
presence is n ry to a pei feet denture.

Crapaudine [krap'-atu-din) [Fr., crapaud, a toad].
In veterinary surgery, an ulcer on the coronet ol a
hi >rse's hoof.

Crapulous (krap/-u-lus) \crapula, drunkenness, sur
feit]. < 'har.u terized by debauch or excess in drinking
or in eating.

Craquement Ucrahk '-tnon(g)) [Fr.]. Any crackling
sound heard in auscultation.

Crasis (kras/-is) [i<i>dair% mixture]. Temperament ;
constitution; predisposition. C, Verminous, an old
term used to designate a peculiar dyscrasia of the
system due to the presence of worms.

Craspedotal do' -tal ) [icpaarreduTdg, bordered].

In biology, applied to those Medusas that nave velar
otolithic vesicles.

Crassamentum {kras-am-en' -turn) [L., thickness].
A clot, as of blood.

Crateriform [kra-ler^-if-orm) [crater, a crater ; forma,
shape], (iob'et-shaped or deep-saucer-shaped. Ex-
1 .n ated like a crater.

Cratomania {krat-o-ma' -nc-ah) [Kparoc, power; unr n,
madness]. A delirium of exaltation in which the
patient conceives himself to possess vast power.

Cravat [kra-vaP) [Fr. , cravate, a Croat]. I. A neck-
cloth. 2. A bandage of triangular shape, used as a
temporary dressing for a wound or fracture. The
middle is applied to the injured part, and the ends are
brought an mnd and tied. See Handkerchief Dressin 1 .

Craw-Craw [kraztZ-kraw). See Filaria sanguinis
hominis, and Parasites {Animal), Table of.

Crawley {kraw'-L \. See ( 'oral Root.

Craziness (kra' '-ze-nes) [ME., crascn, to break]. In-
sanity.

Crazy (kra'-ze) [crasen, to break]. Insane; de-
mented ; deranged. C.-bone. See Funny-bone.
C.-weed. See Loco.

Cream (krem) \cremor, thick juice or broth]. The
rich, fat part of milk. C, Cold. See Rosa. C,
Ripening of. See Ripening. C. of Tartar. See
Potassium.

Creamometer [krlm-om'-et-er) [cremffr, cream ; u&Tpov,
a measure]. An instrument for estimating the amount
of cream in milk.

Crease {kres) [Celtic]. A line made by folding. C,
Gluteo-femoral. See C, Ileo-femoral. C, Ileo-
femoral, is the crease that bounds the buttock below,
1 orresponding nearly to the lower edge of the gluteus
maxinms muscle. It is of supposed significance in
the diagnosis of hip-disease.

Creasol (kre/-as-ol) [«peac, flesh ; oleum, oil], 1 'J l,„< >
< me of the principal phenols contained in creasote. It
is formed from guaiacum-resin, and is found in beech-

w 1 tar. It is a colorless, oily liquid of an agreeable

odor and a burning taste, boiling at 22o°C. It is very
similar to guaiacol.

Creasote, or Creasotum [kt . dP-um) [Kpiaq,

, to preserve]. The product of the distilla-
tion ol wood tar, consisting of a mixture of phenol-corn
pounds. It is an inflammable oily liquid, differing in
'I'1 from carbolic acid. It docs not coagulate

albumin or collodion. Musi of the commercial cre-
msists oi acid or contains a large per

"f it. It is valuable for its antiseptic, astrin-
gent, styptic, anesthetic, and escharotic properties.

CREATIC

339

CR1

Dose TT\j— iij . Beechwood Creasote, from Fagussyl-
vatica, is best for internal use. Dose »t\ j , every three
hours. C., Aqua, a one percent, solution. Dose
Sj-iv. C.-bath. See Bath. C, Mistura (B.P.).
Dose J5J-ij. C.-oil, Heavy Oil, the third mam frac-
tion in the coal tar distillation-process. It is collected
at temperatures of from 2300 to 270° C, or until the
anthracene commence- to distil. The oil has a green-
ish-yellow color, and is very fluorescent, and becomes
progressively more so upon exposure to light and air.
The odor is unpleasant and extremely characteristic.
The oil is heavier than water, and contains naphthalene,
anthracene, phenanthrene, phenol, cresol, etc. It is
used mainly in the creasoting or preservation of timber ;
it is also used as a fuel, and for the production ol illu-
minating nas, as a lubricant, and for the production of
lampblack. C, Unguentum \ B.P.), for local appli-
cation. C Vapor (B.P.), for inhalation.

Creatic {kre-atf-ik) [icpeag, flesh]. Relating to fl
See Kreatinin. C. Nausea, a loathing of flesh as
food.

Creatin [kref-at-in) [/c/jmc, flesh], C4H9N302. A neu-
tral organic substance that occurs in the animal organ
ism, especially in the juice of muscles. It crystallizes
with one molecule of water in glistening prisms, which,
heated to IOO°, sustain a loss of water. It has a faintly
bitter taste and dissolves rather readily in boiling water.
It dissolves with difficulty in alcohol and yields crys-
talline salts with one equivalent of acid.

Creatinin [kre-af '-in-iti) [apiac, flesh], C4H7N3< >. An
alkaline substance, a normal constituent of urine. It
crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and is a strong base.
It is much more soluble than creatin.

Crebricostate (kreb-re-kos'-tdt) [creber, close; casta,
rib]. In biology, characterized by closely-set ridges.

Crebrisulcate (kreb-re-sul'-kat) [creber, close; sulcus,
a furrow]. In biologv. marked by closely-set furrows.

Crebruria [kreb-ru' '-re-ah)[creber , close together ; oipo'i .
urine]. Frequent micturition.

Creche (krasK) [Fr., a crib]. See Infant Shelter.

Crede's Method {kre-da'). See Treatment. Methods
of. C. Operation. See Operations , Table of.

Credivite (kra-div-it-a'} [Fr.]. See Hypnotism.

Creeping Sickness (krep'-ing sik'-nes). The gangren-
ous form of ergotism.

Cremaster [kre-mas'-ter) [upeadeiv, to support]. The
muscle that draws up the testis. See Muscles, Table of.

Cremasteric (kre-mas-ter' '-//•) [npEftdeiv, to support].
Pertaining to the cremaster muscle. C. Reflex. See
Reflexes, Table of.

Cremation [kre-maf-shuti) [cremare, to burn]. The
destruction of the body by burning, as distinguished
from interment.

Cremator \f re-ma1 '-tor) [cremare, to burn]. A crema-
tory, q. v. C, Engle System, a variety of cremator
for the destruction of garbage, in which the smoke
and gases generated by the destruction of the w;
material are consumed by a second tire.

Crematory [krem' '-at-or-e) [cremare, to burn]. An
establishment for burning the bodies of the dead, or
for consuming garbage and other refuse matter.

Cremnitz White. Same as White Lead.

Cremocarp \krem'-o-karp) [/cpe/iav, to hang; Kapirdg,
fruit]. The peculiar capsular fruit of the natural
order TJmbelliferce.

Cremor [kret-mor) [cremor, broth], ('ream. Any
thick substance formed on the surface of a liquid. C.
tartari. cream of tartar.

Crena (kre' -nah\ [I-]. A notch, especially such a
notch as is seen on the sutural margins of the cranial
bones.

Crenate kre'-naf), or Crenated [kre'-na-ted) \_crena,

a notch]. Notched or scalloped. In botany, 1<
that are serrated.
Crenation {kre-na' -shun) \crena, a notch]. A notched

or mulberry appearance of the red corpuscles of the
blood ; it may Ik- spontaneous or due to poisoning with
1 alabar bean, etc.

Crenic Acid \kr,' -nil). See Acid.

Crenothrix [kren oth'-riks) [npfjvT], a spun. • hair].
\ genus of Schizomycetes the filaments of which are
enveloped in a gelatinous sheath. C. kiihniana.
abundant in fresh waters; when | it gives

drinking-water a very bad taste, but the role attributed
to it in the production ot typhoid fever is unjustifii

Crenulate [hren'-u-ldt) [crena, a notch]. Finely
crenate.

Creolin [kref-o-lin [/./<■ •«<-, flesh : oleum, oil]. A coal-
tar product deprived of carbolic acid. It is hemostatic
and highly antiseptic, and is more active than car
bolic acid in pure cultures of pathogenic microbes, but
efficacious in putrefying masses. It is an excel-
lent non-poisonous deodorizer, used in a two per cent,
solution or a five per cent, ointment with lanolin.
It is used internally in typhoid fever and catarrh of
the bladder in live-drop doses.

Creosol (kre'-o-sol). See Creasol.

Creosote (kref-o-sbt). See Creasote. C.-bush, Larrea
mexicana, an odorous and resinous shrub of the
Pacific States and Mexico. It is a local remedy for
rheumatism and for wounds and sores. Unof.

Crepitant {krep'-it-ant) [crepitare, to crackle]. Pos-
sessing the character of crepitus. C. Rale. See
Rale and Breath-sounds.

Crepitation (krep-it-a'-skurt), Crepitus (krep'-itu\
\_crepitare, to crackle]. The noise produced by escap-
ing flatus. The grating of fractured bones. The
crackling of the joints. The noise produced by pres-
sure upon tissues containing an abnormal amount of
air or gas, as in cellular emphysema. Also the pecu-
liar murmur of respiration observed in pneumonia dur-
ing inspiration. It closely resembles the sound pro-
duced by rubbing the hair between the fingers held
close to the ear. C, Redux, a crepitant rale
heard in pneumonia during the stage of resolution ;
usually the first manifestation of the recession of
the disease.

Cresalol ( kres'-al-ol) [cresol; saloT\, C6H4.OH.COO.-
C6H4.CII:i. Salicylate of cresol. It possesses antisep-
tic properties very similar to those of salol. 1 1
gr. iv in water from one to eight times daily. Unof.

Crescent (kres'-ent) [crescere, to grow]. Shaped like
the moon in its first quarter. A name given to one
form of the malarial hematozoon. C. of Gianuzzi.
Groups of non-secreting cells in the acinus of a gland,
pushed to one side by the secreting cells. C, Myopic.
See Myopia. C. Operation. See Operati

Crescentia \ kres-en' -she-ah) [crescere, to grow]. A
genus of bignoniaceous trees and shrubs. C. alata,
of tropical Asia and America, affords leaves that are
useful in hemoptysis, and the fruit is employed in pul-
monary di-eases. The pulp of the West Indian C.
cujete is similarly used. Unof.

Cresol [kre'-sol) [xi»ar, flesh; oleum, oil], t'.II.11
Cresylic acid ; a body obtained from the distillation
of coal-tar. It is a colorless, caustic liquid, with prop-
erties similar to those of phenol, but is superior as an
antiseptic. Unof.

Cresolin [kresf -o-liri) [fcpiag, flesh ; oleum, oil]. A
proprietary preparation usr-d as a disinfectant in diph-
theria, etc.

Cresosulphuric Acid (kres-o-sul-fu'-rik).

Crest (hrest) [crista, a crest]. The surmounting part
of any bone, organ, or process C. Frontal, a ridge

CRESTTS M - 1

340

CRCM KER'S I \I W1IX LINIMENT

aiddle line of the internal surface ol the

C. of Ilium, the thickened and

exi if the ilium. C, Lachrymal,

. i. -rn.il surface ol the

irvm.il I) 'i.i- iti' iri- C. Nasal, a cresl

ming
C, Neural, a .-

: \ spinal

C, Occipital. a the ex-

tending from the
lagnum. C.
of Pubes, i '"'in (Ik- spine i" the inner

C. of Tibia, the prominent

,,n tlu- the tibia ; the shin.

C, Turbinated. linent horizontal ridge on the

internal surface of the me. C, Urethral.

Cresti's Test.

Cresylic Acid

Creta i [L.]. Chalk. See Calcium.

Cretaceous [creta, chalk]. Chalky;

ilcium carbonate.
Cretefaction ft). See Calcification.

Cretin . a simple minded person].

1 with cretinism.
Cretinism '- in-i m) [Fr., ere n, a simple-minded

: , i dition uf a cretin. Also an en-

by goiter and a condition
I mental degeneracy and
ment. I he subjects of this disease sel-
■ in height. C. , Sporadic, the
form of myxedema, characterized by ab-
if the thyroid gland, diminutiveness of size,
- of arm-, and legs, prom-
iize of face, thickness of
lips, large and protruding tongue, and imbecility or
[| :- popularly supposed that coitus during
intoxicati »n is a cause of this condition.
Cretinoi I \ ritin, a simple-minded per-

). i. Resembling a cretin ; resembling cretinism.
j- \ person who resembles a cretin.
Creuse's Test. See Tests, Table of.
Crewels | Fi . , i rouelles, scrofula]. Syno-

nym
Crib ; : rib, a manger]. A small frame

with in for a child's bed. z. A si ill

for cattle. C. Biting. See Cribbing and Wi

Cribbing \r '-ing) [ME., crib, a manger]. The pe-
culiar wearing of a horses' teeth, due to a habit of
biting his crib or ma I at the same time suck-

Cribriform rum, a sieve; forma.

in being perforated, as the
F the el mi .id i.
Cribrose [cribrum, a sieve]. In biology,

■
Crick [Ml . ricke, a twist in the neck]. Any

.1 the Karl, or neck.
Crico a ring]. A prefix denoting

id cartilage
Cric mii-]. Ring-shaped. C.

Cartilage. ; , „ ,

a ring ; ih
P -.iiil,' to I oid and

C. Arter | branch of the

. thyroid mem-
importance.
C. Membrane, a ligan

•id and thyroid
C Muscle. of.

Cricotomy [kri-kot? -o-tne) [uptime, ring; rifivetv, to
cut]. Surgical laryngotomy by cutting through the
id cartilage.
Criminal [krim' '-in-al) [crimen, a crime]. Of the
nature of crime. C. Abortion. See Abortion. C.
Assault. Si • ■ I anlt.
Criminalogy [krim-in-al* '-o-je\. See Criminology.
Criminology \krim-in-ol/ o ie) [crimen, crime ;

nee]. The scienci ol crime and of criminals;
i riniinal anthropology; the study of crime as a branch
of morbid psychology.
Crino [kri'-no) [crinis, hair: />/., Crinones"]. I. A
skin-affection "I infants supposed to be clue to the
presence of a hair-worm. 2. Same as Comedo.
Crinosin [krin* '-o-sin) [crinis, hair]. A nitmgenized
tat from brain-substance, crystallizing in hair-like
threads.
Cripple {krip'-l) [ME. , eripel, a paralytic]. One who

is unable to walk or to use his members normally.
Cripps' Operations. See Operations, Table of .
Crisis [kri'-sis) [npioic, a decisive point: //. , Crises!.
I iie turning-point in a disease, fever, time of life, etc.,
and in disease, marking a change either for the better
or worse. C. clitoridiennes, periods of voluptuous
excitement in women suffering with tabes dorsalis, ac-
companied by vaginal secretion, analogous to the violent
erections and spermatorrhea found in men in the
initial stages of talus. C. gastriques, Charcot's
term for certain gastric symptoms sometimes encount-
I in the course of progressive locomotor ataxia.
The symptoms are shooting pains in the groin and
abdomen, ending finally in gastralgia, puns in the
shoulders and arms, a quick pulse, and often vertigo
and vomiting. C, Laryngeal, paroxysmal spasm ,,|
the larynx sometimes observed in cases of posterior
spinal sclerosis.
Crispate (fcris'-pdt) [crispatus, curl]. In biology,

crisped on the margin.
Crista Utris'-tah) [L.]. Same as Crest. C. acustica,
a yellow elevation projecting into the equator of the
ampulla of the ear. C. fornicis, the crest of the
fornix ; a half-oval or semi-globular mass on the pos-
terior surface of the fornix of the brain. C. galli,
cock's crest, the superior triangular process of the
ethmoid bone C. helicis, spina helicis ; a projec-
tion of the helix above the external auditory meatus.
C. spiralis, a crest of the limbus of the ear over-
hanging the internal spiral sulcus of Waldeyer. C.
urethralis. See / 'erumontanum.
Critchett's Operations. See Operations, Table op.
Crith (krit/i) [ttpcdtj, barley-corn]. The assumed unit
ol mass and weight for hydrogen, and hence for gases
generally. It is .0896 of a gram or 1.37 grains.
Critical (krit'-ilc-al ) [np'tatr, a decisive point]. I. Per-
taining to a crisis in disease, period of life, etc. 2.
A qualification applied to temperature and to pressure
in relation to -ases.
Crocein Scarlet [kro'-se-in sic 7 >■' -let). See Pigments,

< n • ■', , ■ .
Crochet {kro-shaf) [Fr., dim. of eroc. a hook]. A
ik. C. of Uncinate Gyrus, the narrow portion
ol tie- uncinate gyrus at its anterior extremity which
is reversed in the form of a hoo
Crocin [krof-sin), C18HI806. Polychroit ; the coloring-
matter of Saffron. It is a deliquescent, orange red,
amorphous substance, odorless, with a sweetish taste-.
ely soluble in water and diluted alcohol.
Crocitin [krof-sit in). A 1 oi, ,1 ing subsl ini e ol saffron ;
a I'd powd ly soluble in alcohol, but not in

wat< 1 'i ether.
Crocker's Calamin Liniment. A liniment used in
the treatment of dermatitis. It consists of prepared

CROCONIC A( 'Hi

Ml

CRUSO-CREATININ

calainin powder, 2 scruples ; powdered zinc oxid, ]/2
dram ; olive oil and lime-water each one ounce. Jt
is applied on soft rags.
Croconic Acid [kro-konf-ik). See./,/,/.
Crocus [krof-kus) [/c/xJ/cof, crocus, saffron]. Saffron.
The stigmata of the llowers of C. sativus. (This should
not be confounded with American Saffron, Carthamus
tinctorius.) It is an aromatic stimulant and emmena-
gogue, commonly used as a cooling-agent. C , Tinct.,
io per cent, in strength. Oo.se 3 j-ij ; of the drug,
gr. v-.\x, in infusion.

Crocydismus [kro-sid-izf -mus\ [Kpoicvdireiv, to pick at].
Same as Carphology.

Croft's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Crook's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Crop [krop) [ME., crop, the craw of a bird]. The
craw or pouch of the esophagus of a bird. C. -bound,
a disease of poultry in which the fowls are unable to
pass the food from the crop into the gizzard, and the
former becomes filled with food, hanging like a bag
in front of the bird.

Crosby's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Cross (kros) [crux, a cross]. In biology, a cross-breed
in plants, the result of cross-fertilization. C. -birth,
shoulder-presentation, or other presentation requiring
version. C. -circulation. See Circulation. C.-eye.
See Strabismus. C. -fertilization, in biology, the fer-
tilization of the ovules of one species by the seed-
germs of another. C.-knee. See Genu valgum.
C.-leg, a deformity that sometimes follows double
'lip-joint disease; the legs are crossed in walking.
C. -legged Progression, a method of walking in which
one foot gets over or in front of the other. It is a
symptom of certain cord-lesions.

Crossed (krosd) [crux, a cross]. Having the shape of
a cross. Applied to alternate sides of the body. C.
Anesthesia. See Anesthesia. C. Hemiplegia. See
Stauroplegia. C. Paralysis. See Paralysis. C.
Reflexes, an exception to the usual law of reflex
movements, in which, e.g., excitation of one fore-limb
induces movement in the opposite hind-limb. See
Reflexes, Table of.

Crotalin (kro'-tal-in) [tcpora/iov, a rattle]. An albumin-
ous body contained in the poison of the cobra. It is
not coagulable by heat at 21 2° C.

Crotalus [/kro/-tal-us) [np&ratov, a rattle]. A genus
of serpents, including the typical rattlesnakes. C.
Poison. The virus of the rattlesnake, used as a
remedy by homeopath ists.

Crotchet [kroch'-et) [ME., Crockett, a little hook]. A
hook used in extracting the fetus after craniotomy.

Croton [kro'-tori) [updrav, a tick]. A great genus of
euphorbiaceous plants. C. eleuteria, yields cascarilla.
C. tiglium, croton oil ; C. niveus, a part of the pro-
duct called copalche bark. C. Aldehyd, C4H6< >, a
compound obtained by the condensation of acetaldehyd
when heated with dilute IIC1, with water and zinc
chlorid ; it is a liquid, soluble in water, possessing an
irritating odor; it boils at from I040 to 1050 and has
a sp. gr. of I.033 at o°. In the air it oxidizes to cro-
tonic acid. C. Chloral. See Chloral butylicum.
C. Oil. See Tiglii, Oleum.

Crotonol [kro' -ton-ol\ [updruv, a tick], C9Hu02. An
acid, aromatic principle in croton oil, believed to be the
vesicant constituent of the oil.

Croup [kroop) [AS., kropan, to cry aloud]. Membran-
ous croup; pseudo-membranous croup; true croup;
a disease of the larynx and trachea of children,
prominent symptoms of which are a peculiar cough,
and difficulty in breathing ; it is often accompanied by
the development of a membranous deposit or exudate
upon the parts. There is doubt as to the real nature

of the disease, some contending that it is laryngeal
diphtheria, while others believe it a special type of
.li-case. See al.so Roup. C, Catarrhal, an affection
• ■i childhood characterized by paroxysms ol intense
dyspnea and a peculiar, ringing, metallic cough. C,
False, catarrhal or spasmodic croup; catarrhal laryn-
gitis. C, Spasmodic. See C, Catarrhal.

Crown [krown) [ME., crowne, a crown]. See Corona.
C. Glass, a kind of glass used in optics. C. Leather.
See Leather. C. -setting, the operation of uniting an
artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth ; the
operation being commonly known by the misnomer
"pivoting." C. of a Tooth, the exposed pai
tin tooth above the gums, covered with enamel.
C.-work, the adaptation of an artificial crown ol
porcelain or gold on the cervical portion of the natural
root of a tooth. C. -yellow. Same as ( hrome-yellow.

Crucial ykru'-skal) [crux, a cross]. Resembling or
pertaining to a cross, as a crucial incision.

Cruciate (kru'-she-dt) [crux, a cross]. In biology,
shaped like a Greek cross.

Crucible {krii'-sib-l ) [crucibulum, a melting pot]. A
vessel of conical shape in which substances are ex-
posed to the heat of a fire or furnace ; it is formed of
clay or earthenware, porcelain, iron, black lead or
plumbago or graphite, silver, gold or platinum.

Crucifixion Attitude {kru-se-fik'-shun). See Atti-
tude.

Crucing (kru'-sing). See Block Teeth.

Cruels (kroo'-elz). Synonym of Scrofula.

Cruentin (kru-en'-liu) [cruentus, bloody]. A preci-
pitate obtained by boiling defibrinated blood with
strong H.2S( )4, adding water, and filtering.

Crull's Line. See Line.

Cruorin {kru'-or-in) [cruor, blood]. Synonym of
Hemoglobin.

Crupper [krup'-ef) [Fr. , croupe, the rump]. The but-
tocks of a horse. C.-bone, the coccyx.

Crura (kru'-rah) [Plural of cms, a leg]. A name ap-
plied to certain parts of the body, from their resemb-
lance to legs or roots. C. cerebelli, the peduncles
of the cerebellum, superior, middle, and inferior. C.
cerebri, the peduncles of the cerebrum. C. of Dia-
phragm, the muscular bundles arising from the verte-
brae, etc., and inserted into the central tendon. C.
of Penis, the corpora cavernosi.

Crural [kru'-ral) [crus, a leg]. Pertaining to the
thigh. C. Arch. See Ligament. C. Hernia, fe-
moral hernia. C. Ring, the femoral ring ; the upper
opening of the temporal canal, bounded in front by
Poupart's ligament and the deep crural arch, behind
by the pubis, internally by Gimbernat's ligament,
externally by a fibrous band separating it from the
femoral ring.

Crureus [kru'-re-us) [L.]. One of the muscles of the
thigh. See Muscles, Table of.

Crus (krus) [L.]. The leg; structures resembling a
leg. Sec the plural. Crura.

Cruso-creatinin (kru-so-kre-atf-in-in), C3II„X4<». A
leucomaine. isolated from muscle-tissue. In this and
other leucomaines of the Creatinin Group, as well as
in those of the Eric Acid Group, hydrocyanic acid
plays an important part in the molecular structure of
the base-. Very little is yet known as to the function
of this Cyanogen Group in relation to the vital activ-
ity of tissues, but recent investigations seem to sh. iw
that the seat of the cyanogen-formation lies within
the nucleated cell, and is intimately connected with
the functions of the nuclein-molecule. A number ol
leucomaines of fresh muscle-tissue are credited with
possessing an intensely poisonous action ; and. if this
be the case, any accumulation of such bases in the

CRUSH

34S

i KVS1AI.I1/KI>

system, due to inl with elimination, may

cau us disturbam

Crust iru-t ]. An in I r i t- « 1

in. i- tudation, ><r othi products "l 'li-

lt varies much in a| : ord-

idition i It ma) be

; .111.1 I I..

Crust.i rusi |. rhe ectal portion

C. lactea. S Uso

C. petrosa, .1 thin layi i

ii C. phlogistica,
: stratum of a blood

Crustaceorubrin

■ 1]. In biology .i red coloring-

Crustaceous [ crust]. In

.i thin, hard, brittle, crust-like shell

Crusted . .i crust]. Having crusts

C. Ringworm. Synonym of Fa
C. Scall. Synonym
Crustin , a crust]. The formation

Crutch i [Ml .a crutch]. A staff

g from the axilla to the ground, for the pur-
■ aiding the i"ii of lame or crippled

C. Paralysis, paralysis of an upper extrem-
ity ilu.- i" the pressure of the crutch-head upon the
ilia.
Cruveilhier's Atrophy. See Disease;:, Tabic of. C.
Disease. . Table of. C. Fascia, the

ial layer of the perineal fascia. C. Plexus.
C. Paralysis. Same as C.

Cry : [ME., crien, to cry]. The utterance of an
inarticulate vo< al sound, or the sound so uttered; the
1 o| the voice in lamentation.
Cryesthesia (kri-es-lke/-ze-aA) [npioc, cold; aladj/air,

,]. Undue sensitiveness to cold.
Crypt concealed], A -mall sac or

Crypts of Lieberkiihn, minute tubular de-
: the mueou.- membrane of the small intes-

Ciypta [kripf-tah) [»,<i~7//, concealed : />/. , Cryplaf\.

■ pt.

Cryptic (krip'-tik) [a .hidden]. In biology, a

ii the study of mimicry, for such colors as

the animal | mies, or to approach

tic : aggi mticryp-

Similar el iy be produceil by

with which the animal covers

tent, allocryptic. (I'oul-

Cry; • hidden], CuHnN.

istillation of quinin.
I iiillam

ol i crypt, pts. C,

Urethral, f the mucous follicles of the

Cryptobranchiate {krip at) [Kptmrde, hid

In biology, having concealed

Cryptocephalus hidden;

is with an imperfei tlv

Crvptodidymus hidden;

Cryptodirou^. . hidden ; i

neck]. In I

Cryptogam [krip' -to-gani) [ . hidden; yd

marriage]. In biology, a general term applied loan)
plant below Phanerogamia ; any flowerless plant i>
called a 1 1\ ptogam.

Cryptogamia \ ra'-me-ah) [ hidden;

ya/ing, marriage]. A division of tin vegetable king
dom comprising all plant- with concealed sexual
oil;. in-, without pi-til- or stamens.

Cryptogamic [krip-to-gam'-ik). See Cryptogamous.

Cryptogamous [krip-tog1 '-ata-us) [/cpi/Tfrdc, concealed;
;in/i« , marriage]. Belonging to the cryptogamia;
having the processes ol the reproductive function ob-
scured or ci mcealed.

Cryptogenetic [krip-to-jen-ef -ik) [k/wjtt<5c, concealed ;
, to beget]. Same a> Cryptogamous.

Cryptolith [krip' -to-lith) [KpvitTq, crypt; /U0oc, stone],
A concretion i>i calculus formed within a crypt.

Cryptophanic.or Kryptophanic Acid [krip-to-fan' '-ik)
[Kpvmdg, concealed ; <j>aivetv, to bring to light], < ',,,
ll|„N,< >10. An acid said to occur in a free slate in
urine, though regarded by Landwehr as an animal
gum.

Cryptophthalmia [krip-toff-lhal' -nu-ah ). Same as
( 'ryptophthalmos.

Cryptophthalmos [krip-toff-thaU -mos) [/cpwrnic, hid-
den; o iihi'/.uoq, the eye]. I. Congenital union of
the eyelids, usually over imperfect eyes. 2. A person
who has congenital union of the eyelids.

Cryptopia [krip-to,-pe-ah). Same as Cryptopin,

Cryptopin {krip/ -to-pin) [/tpiwrnJc, bidden ;

opium], ('._,, I l._,.,Ni '-,. One of the alkaloid- of opium,
colorless and odorless. It is said to be anodyne and
hypnotic, but it is less safe than morphin. Dose, 's
gr. Unof.

Cryptopyic [krip-to-pi* -ik) [/./>r-rof, hidden; -
pus]. Characterized by concealed suppuration.

Cryptorchid, or Cryptorchis [krip-tor' -kid, -kis)
[Kpv-ror, hidden ; bpX'<;, testicle]. A person with
retained testicles, /. e., not descended into the scrotum.

Cryptorchidism (krip-tor' -kid-izm) ^Kpvnr6g, bidden ;
<>PXlS, testicle]. Retention of the testes in the abdom
inal cavity.

Cryptorchism (krip-tor' -kizm). See Cryptorchidism.

Cryptozygosity (krip-to-zi-gos'-it-e) [ah--,,, hidden;
,i ; 6v, arch]. The quality of being cryptozygous.

Cryptozygous (krip-to ' [«pwrr<Jc, hidden;

Qvydv, arch]. Having the dental arches or zygomata
concealed from view when the skull is viewed from
above.

Crystal (kris'-lal) [upboraXkos, clear ice] . In chemis-
try, a substance that assumes a definite geometrii
form. C, Charcot Leyden. See Charcot- Ley den.
C, Charcot's, minute colorless crystals found in the
sputa ol asthmatic and bronchitic patients and others.
They are said to consist of tyrosin, or according to
some, of mucin. C, Violet. See Pigments, Con
spec /us of.

Crystalli (kris-tal'-i). Synonym of Chicken-pox.

Crystallin (kris'-tal-in) [KpiaraMag, clear ice]. The
globulin of the crystalline lens.

Crystalline (ktis* '-tal-en or -///) [fcpdffraMot , crystal],
Liki a crystal. C. Lens. See Lens. C. Swelling.
Soemmering.

Crystallitis (kris-tal-i'-tis). See Phakitis.

Crystallization (kris-tal-, \ oraXfog, ice],

I he process by which the molecules of a substance

arrange themselves in geometric forms when passing

from a | or a liquid to a solid state. C, Water

of, the watei ol salts that cannot be extracted without

truction of their crystalline nature.

Crystallized (kris'-tal-lzd) [(cpvffraAAoc, ice]. Formed
into crystals. C. Green. Same as fodin Ore n.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

343

( I MBERLAND DISEASE

Crystallography (kris-tal rraKhoc, crys

tal ; ypatfiEiv, to write]. The science of crystals,
their formation, etc.

Crystalloid (kris* -tal-oid\ [KpbaraXXog, crystal; el
likeness]. Having a crystalline structure, as di
guished from colloid. In biology, one ol the crystal-
like proteid bodies found in seeds, tubers, etc.

Ctenes (ten'-e%) [Krkvtg"\. Incisor teeth.

Ctenocyst (ten' '-o-sist) [icreig (ktcv), comb; Kbong, a
bladder]. In biology, applied to the auditory \< -icles
of ctenophorans.

Ctenoid (ten'-oid) [ crev-), comb; eidog, like].

In biology, pectinate or comb-like.

Cubeb, or Cubeba (ku'-beb, or ku be/-bah) [Pers. , ka-
baba, cubeb : gen., Cubeba\. The unripe fruit of Piper
Cubeba, cultivated in Java. Its properties are due
to a volatile oil, C15H.M, and an organic acid. It is an
aromatic stimulant, diuretic in small doses, and is use-
ful in affections of the bladder and urethra. It is a
good remedy (applied by insufflation or smoked in
cigarets) for diseases of the fauces, catarrh of the
air-passages, etc. Dose gr. x-^ij. C, Fid. Ext.,
alcoholic. Dose tt^v— xxx. C, Oleoresina, ethereal.
Dose nvv-xxx. C, Ol., the volatile oil. 1 >ose n\v-
xx. C, Tinct., 20 per cent, in strength. Dose Trpx-
sjiij- C.j Trochisci, oleoresin gr. %, oil of sassafras
gr. -j-1^, ext. of glycyrrbiza gr. iv, acacia gr. ij, syr. of
tolu q.s., in each troche. Dose j-iij.

Cubebene (ku'-beb-en) [cubeb], C20H16. The light
portion of the essential oil of cubebs.

Cubebic Acid (ku-beb'-ik) [cubeb], C1:tHu07, A resi-
nous acid body from cubebs; actively diuretic and
cathartic. Unof.

Cubebin [ku-beb'-in) [cubeb], CinH10O3. An odor-
less crystalline substance obtained from cubebs.

Cubic (ku'-bik) [mftog, a cube]. Pertaining to a
cube. C. Space (of air), the amount of space re-
quired by persons in health and in disease. In hos-
pitals about 1000 cubic feet to each patient is necessary
for proper ventilation.

Cubital (ku'-bit-al ) [avjinc, a cube]. Relating to the
forearm, to the elbow, or to the ulna.

Cubitocarpal ( ku1 '-bit-o-kar1 '-pal ) [ Ki>f3or, a cube ;
KfifjTroc;, the wrist]. Relating to the forearm and to
the carpus.

Cubitoradial (ku'-bit-o-ra'-de-al) [nvfioc, a cube;
radius, a staff]. Relating to both the ulna and the
radius.

Cubitus (hu'-bit-us) [cubitus, the elbow]. The fore-
arm.

Cubitus (ku' -bit-us) [cubare, to lie down]. A bed ;
a couch.

Cuboid (ku'-boid) [nvfioq, cube; tidoq, resemblance].
Resembling a cube. C. Bone, a bone of the foot situ-
ated at the outer anterior part of the tarsus.

Cuca (koo'-kah). See Erythroxylon.

Cucullate (ku-kid'-at) [cucullus, a cap, hood]. In
biology, hooded.

Cucullus (ku-kul'-us) [L. , a hood]. 1. In biology,
a hood-shaped formation of the head. 2. Synonym
of II 'hooping- cough .

Cucumber, Squirting. See Elaterium.

Cucumis yku'-ku-mis) [L., a cucumber]. A genus of
plants. C. colocynthis. See Colocynth.

Cucurbit (ku-ker'-bit) [cucurbita, a gourd]. ,1. A
cupping-glass. [Old.] 2. The body of an alembic.

Cucurbitation ( ku-ker-bit-a' '-shun ) [cucurbiiatio, a
cupping]. The operation of cupping.

Cud (kud) [AS., cudde\. The regurgitated food of
ruminants. C.-weed (kud-wid). See Life Ever-
lasting.

Cudbear (kud'-bar) [After Dr. Cuthbert Cordon]. A

purplish red powder, nearly identical with Orchil, q.v.
I rom ii the Tinctura persionis, and Tinctura persionit
composita, N. F., are prepared. Both are used mainly
in coloring various pharmaceutic preparations. See
/'/ m nts, Con <

Cuichunchulli [Peruvian]. The root of lonidium
parviflorutn ; said to be diaphoretic, diuretic, siala-
gogue, emetic, and cathartic; it is useful in elephan-
tiasis. I nof.

Cuirass (kwe-ras'^) [Fr.]. A close-fitting or immovable
bandage for the front of the chest. C. Cancer, a
large, flat cancerous growth upon the front of the chest.

Cul-de-sac [kul> '-de-sak,\ [Fr. cul, the bottom ; de, of;
sac, bag]. A cavity of the body closed at one end.
Douglas's C, a pouch between the anterior wall of
the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus, formed
by the reflection of the peritoneum. It i> called, also,
the recto-uterine or retro-uterine cul-de-sac.

Culex (ku'-leks) [L., a gnat]. A mosquito. A well-
known inseel that punctures the skin to obtain its food,
blood, See Parasites (Animal) , Tabl

Culicifuge (ku-lis' '-if-uj) [culex, a gnat ; fugare, to drive
away]. An agent that prevents the biting of mosqui-
toes ; as oil of pennyroyal.

Cullen's Theory. A theory as to the origin of gout,
which he claims to be primarily an affection of the
nervous system.

Culm (kulm) [culmus, a stalk]. In biology, a hollow-
jointed stem.

Culmen (kul'-meri) [L. , the summit]. The cacumen ;
a portion of the cerebellum situated to the cephalic
side of the vermis. In biology, the highest middle
lengthwise line of the bill of a bird.

Cultrate (kuV-trat) [culler, a knife]. Sharp-edged;
also cultriform.

Cultriform (kulr -trif-orm) [culler, a knife; forma,
shape]. See Cultrate.

Culture (kuV-chur) [colo, cultum, to till, cultivate]. A
name loosely and indiscriminately applied to the act,
the liquid or solid medium used, and the product of the
process, in culture-experiments upon microorganism-.
The culture-media are of various kinds; mineral liquid-,
(see Raulin's Liquid, Cohn's Liquid, etc.), bouillons
of various kinds, gelatinous fluids, gelose, potato,
serum, etc. These media are first sterilized, usually
by heat (see Oven, Sterilization), but possibly also by
chemicals, by filtration, by cold, by steam, etc. The
infectious matter is then taken upon a sterilized plati-
num needle-point, pipet, or other instrument, and
transferred to the culture-medium. When the latter is
of semi-solid consistency, as gelatin, the inoculation
by the needle is called Stab-culture, Stichcultur
(Ger.), or par piq&re (Fr.)., the needle briny thrust
into the substance. When smeared over the surface,
it is called smear-culture, Strichcultur (Ger.), or
en stries (Fr.). The macroscopic features of the sub-
sequent development give important means ot differ-
entiation. For example, when the inoculated matter
forms a mass in the medium, pointed below and rising
like a nail-head above, it is called en clou, nail-shaped.
Then the medium maybe liquefied or not, variously
colored, peculiarly changed, sediment deposited or not,
etc. Subsequent microscopic examination of the cul-
ture-product, inoculation-experiments upon animal-,
etc., complete the study. Culture-bulbs, culture-,
culture-fluids, culture-media, culture-ovens, culture-
tubes, etc., are among the equipments of the bacteri-
ologist. C.-oven. See Oven.

Culver's Physic, or Root (kuV-verz fiz'-ik or roof)
S< itandra.

Cumberland Disease. An Australian term for An
thrax, q. :■.

CUMENE

:; 1 1

CURD

Cumene \i-ii' nun) \cummum, cumin], < ,ll,:- lso
pyl benxeni mpoond made bj distilling

comic acid wuh lime. It boils .it 15; ' . and its
ity at o-
Cumic cumin]. Derived from or

perl umin. C. Acid. See ./ id. C.

Aldehyd.
Cumidin , cumin], t ,11 \ \

lilin. It melts at , ' .
C.-rcd

Cumin . i umin ] A fennel like,

cultivated, umbelliferous plant, Cuminum cyminum,
md iiatr- and Syria. The fruit is

romatic and possesses well marked sum
rminative properties. It-- active prin
■
Cumino'. nuniy cumin ; oleum, oil],

ildehyd, occurs in Roman cara-
if Ci uta :iros,!. or water hemlock,
etc. It . .in aromatic odor and a burning

gravity of 0.973 at 130 C, and
I
Cumulative [cumulare, to heap up],

ling to. C. Action, or Effect, the
production of a noteworthy and sudden result, after
the administration of a considerable number of com-
aefTectJve doses. The possible cumulative
'•.im drugs i> one of the sources of danger
that attend their administration.
Cumulu .7 I [1.., a heap]. A heap or

mound C. ovigerus. See Ovule.
Cundurango kun-du-ranf -gd). See Conduran
Cuneate U) [cuneus, a wedge]. Wedge-

sha]
Cuneiform (ku-ne/-if-orm) [cuneu . a wedge; forma,
tped, cuneate. C. Bones, three
ihaped bones at the anterior part of the tarsus.
C. Columns. - tmns of Burdach.

Cuneihysterectomy 1 ku-ne-i-his-ter-ekf -to-me) [cuneus,
. the womb; curoni/, a cutting out].
I hi 1 of a wedge-shaped piece of uterine tis-

lure that has been advocated in the ti
• hi anteflexion of the uterus.
Cuneus ■< \ [I.., a wedge]. A wedge-shaped

□volution on the internal aspect of the cortex of the

Cunicular {ku-nikf -u-lar) [kouvuOuoc, a subterranean

■]. Furrowed.

Cuniculate {ku-nik* -u-ldt me as Cunicular.

Cunicul : . [1..]. The burrow of the

Cunila <h) [L., a plant]. ^ genus of labiate

C. mariana, dittany ; a labi
America. It is aromatic, carminative,
timulant. Unof.
Cunisset's Test. Table of .

Cunnilingui I ,.,-. the vulva ;

h prai tii es licking the vulva.

Cunn : :•'/.. Cunni\ I he vulva.

CuP ip], I. To bleed. 2. A

C, Dry, a cup for drawing the blood
C, P"avus, a depression in a
hair. C, Physiologic.
C. Wet, a cup for abstract
in.
Cuphos;

CuPola The dome

hlea. A
,!' ' ill intestii

Cupped Having the

upper surface depressed ; applied to the coagulum of
blood alter phlebotomy. C. Disc, excavation of the
fundus oculi, normally present in slight degree, but
pathologic ii excessive.
Cupping [kup,-ing) [AS., cuppe,& cup]. A method of
blood derivation by means of the application of cup
ping Ld.i>>es to the surface of the body. C, Dry,
without the abstraction ol blond — a form of counter-
irritation. This i> used mainly m inflammatory affec-
tions of the lung. C. -glass, a small bell shaped glass
capable of holding three to four ounces, in which the an

is rarefied eithei bj heat or exhaustion, and the oia.-s
applied to the skin, either with or without scarifica-
tion of the latter. C, Wet, with the abstraction of
blood alter scarification.

Cuprea Bark [ku> '-pre-ah) [cupreus, coppery; ME.,
barke, bark]. The bark of certain species of
Remijia, 1/. i". ; it affords quinin anil the associated
alkaloids.

Cuprum [ku'-prum\ [I..: gen., Cupri\ See Coffer.

Cupule [ku'-pul) [cupula, a little cup]. In biology,
a cup-shaped organ, as an acorn-cup, or the sucking
apparatus of an insect's foot.

Curacao \lu-ra-so') [Island of Curacao, north of Vene-
zuela]. A cordial or elixir prepared from brandy,
and variously llavored, principally with orange pi
It is sometimes used as a vehicle for certain medicines.

Curacoa {ku-ras-of-ah\. See Curacao.

Curage (ku-rahzh') [Fr.]. Curettage; cleansing of the
eye, or of an ulcerated or carious surface.

Curara (koo-rak'-rah), Curare [koo-rah-re\t Curari
(koo-rah'-re) [S. Am.]. Woorara. A vegetable ex-
tract obtained from Paullinia curare and certain mem-
bers of the Strychnos family. It is a powerful paral) -
zant of the motor nerves and of the voluntary muscles,
[ts active principle is Curarin, C,0HI5N*( I'r, 1
dose gr. ^^y^-, hypodermatically. It is used ins.
\merica and elsewhere as an arrow-poison. Toxic
doses cause death by paralysis of the organs of respira-
tion. It has been reported effectual in two cases of
hydrophobia, and has been successful in the treatment
of tetanus. Dose by hypodermatic injection gr. 2<r~s-
Injectio Curare Hypodermatica, 5 grains in 60
minims. Dose fl\J— vj.

Curarin [koo-rahf-riri). See Curara.

Curarism, Curarization {koo-rah* '-rizm, koo-rah-riz-a' ■
shun) [S. A., curare]. The state of one subjected to
the lull influence of curare by hypodermatic injection.
The voice and power of motion are generally abol-
ished, but not'the sensibility to pain.

Curatio (ku-ra'-s/ie-o) [cura, care]. The treatment and
nursing of a patient.

Curative [ku'-rat-iv) [cura, care]. Having a healing
tendency.

Curb [kerb) [ME., courben, to bend]. A hard and
callous swelling on various parts of a horse's leg, as
the hinder part of the hock, the inside of the hoof,

Curcas {ker^-kas). See Barba Vut.

Curcuma (/,-,■>■' -ku-»ia/i) [I..]. Turmeric. The rhizome
ol Curcuma longa of India. Its action is similar to
that of ginger. It is employed a> a yellow dye ; in
chemistry, as a test for alkalies; and in pharmacy,
1 alK . to color ointments and other preparations.
Curcumin [kerf -ku-min\ [curcuma, saffron], C.4Hu04.
I In- coloring-matter of turmeric; it crystallizes in
orange-yellow prisms, and melts at 1770 C. It dis
solves in the alkalies to brownish red salts. See
/'/ >n a/ . ( 'onspectus of.
Curd [kerd] [ME., curd, curds]. The coagulum of
milk that separates <m the addition of rennet or an
id.

CURDLING FERMENT, IKS I FUR

:$!.->

SCO BARK

Curdling Ferment, Test for. See Tests, 'Table of.

Cure {kiir) [cura, care]. I he successful treatment <>t"
a disease ; also, a system of treatment. See Faith-
cure, Mind-cure, Grape-cure, Water-cure (see Hydro-
pathy), Hunger-cure, Rest-cure, etc. C.-all, a Pana-
cea, q. v. C, Herb-juice, a met 1km I oi treating certain
intestinal and gastric troubles. Ii consists in drinking
daily the fresh juice of various herbs and wild plants.
C, Potato, Cameron's method of treating foreign
bodies in the alimentary tract by the ingestion of
mashed potatoes. 1 lie bodj becomes imbedded in
the potato-mass that is formed. C, Shaking-. See
Shaking-cure.

Curet {ku-rel') [Fr.]. An instrument shaped like a
spoon or scoop, for detaching substances from one
another, as the placenta from the uterine wall, etc.

Curettage [ku-retf-aj). See Curage.

Curling's Operation. See Operation. 'Tabic of. C.
Ulcer. See i 'leer and Diseases, Table of.

Currant {kcr'-ant) [ME.], i. Uva passa minor ; the
small, dried, seedless grapes of Greece; formerly
used in pharmacy. 2. The fruit of various species of
Kibes, as A', nigrum, the black currant, preparations
of which have long been employed in the home-
treatment of sore-throats. Unof. C. -jelly Clot, a
soft variety of clot seen in thrombi, the fibrin being
stained by the presence of red cells.

Current \kcr'-cnt) [currere, to run]. In electricity, a
term applied to the transference of electric force,
which \n arbitrarily likened to the flow of a liquid in
a confined passage. C, Action, the physiologic
current obtained during the activity of a muscle or
nerve. C, After, a current produced in nervous or
muscular tissue when a constant current which has
been flowing through the same has been stopped. C,
Alternating, a term applied to a current which, by-
means of an interrupter, is alternately direct and
reverse. This current is employed (in New York) for
the execution of capital sentences. C, Ascending,
the current formed by placing the positive electrode
upon the periphery of a nerve and the negative upon
the surface over the nerve-center in the spinal cord.
C, Axial, a current passing through a nerve in the
direction opposite to that taken by the normal impulse.
C, Battery, a galvanic current. C, Blood, the
stream of blood as it flows from and back to the heart.
C, Centrifugal, a descending current. C, Centripetal,
an ascending current. C, Constant. See C, Con-
tinuous. C, Continuous, a constant, uninterrupted
current in one direction. C, Critical, the current at
which a certain result is reached. C, Demarcation,
the muscle-current of Du Bois Reymond ; the current
obtained from an injured muscle. C, Derived, a cur-
rent drawn off by a derivation- wire from the main cur-
rent. C Descending, one passing through a nerve
centrifugallv. the anode being placed proximally, the
cathode distally. C, Diffusion of, the power of a
galvanic current to extend its influence in all direc-
tions, the same power never being limited to the
two electrodes. C, Direct, a current constant in
direction, in contradistinction to an alternating current.
C Electrotonic, in electro-therapeutics, a current
due to internal polarization in the nerve-fiber between
the conducting core of the nerve and the enclosing
sheath. C, Faradic, the current produced by an in-
duction-coil, or bv a magneto-electric machine. C
Franklinic. a term sometimes used in electro-thera-
peutics for a current produced by the action of a fac-
tional electric machine. C, Galvanic, a current
generated by the decomposition of acidulated water
by means of metallic plates. C, Induced. See ('. .
Secondary. C, Interrupted, a current that is alter-

nately opened and closed. C, Inverse, an ascending
or centripetal current. C, Labile, moving one or
both electrodes ovei the surface treated. C, Muscu-
lar or Nerve, Alteration Theory of, a pro-
posedby L. I Eermann, in which the currents of nen
muscular fibers an regarded as a result of their altera
tion from any original condition; Molecular Theory
of, a theory proposed byDu Bois Reymond, according
to wliu h every nerve or muscular liber is regarded a-
composed of a series of electro-motive molecules ar-
ranged in series and surrounded by a neutral conduct-
ing fluid. C, Reversed, that produced by changing
the poles. C, Secondary, a momentary current
produced when a coil of insulated \\ire i- introdui ed
within the field of another coil, through which a i
tinuous current is passing. When tin- coil is removed
from the held there is a momentary current in the op-
posite direction. C, Secretion, a current following
stimulation of the secretory nerves. C. -selector, a
device for altering the strength of a current. C,
Stabile, a current applied with both electrodes in a
fixed position. C, Swelling, one that begins weak
and is gradually made stronger, and again gradually
diminished. C, To and Fro, a Faradic current. C,
Voltaic, the continuous current.

Curry ikerf-e) [Canarese, kari\ A sauce, originally
Anglo-Indian, containing turmeric, coriander, capsi-
cum, garlic, ginger, etc. ; it is much employed as a
relish or appetizer, especially in warm countries;
also, a dish seasoned with the foregoing.

Curschmann's Spirals. Corkscrew-like threads of
mucin contained in the small, thick pellets that ate
expectorated during or at the close of an asthmatic
paroxysm. They are supposed to be casts of the
bronchioles, and have also been seen in simple bron-
chitis and in pneumonia. C. Theory. See Bronchio-
litis c.\ inlativa.

Curtate (kcr'-fdt) [curtatus, shortened] . See Expecta-
tion of Life. C. Expectation. See Expectation of Life.

Curtman's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Curvature (ker/-vat-ur) [curvare, to curve]. A bend-
ing or curving. C. Angular. See Spondylitis. C,
Potts', angular curvature of the spine, with a posterior
projection. C. of Spine. See Caries, Kyphosis,
Scoliosis.

Curve [kerv) [curvus, bent]. A bending or flexure.
C. of Carus, in obstetrics, a portion of the arc of a
circle the circumference of which lies in the median
line of the pelvis, the center being at the symphysis
pubis ; the curve is that part of the arc that lies
between the planes of the inlet and the outlet.

Curvicaudate [ker-ve-kawf-dat\ [curvus, curved;
cauda, a tail]. In biology, having a curved tail.

Curvidentate [ker-ve-den' '-tat) [curvus, curved; dens,
tooth]. In biology, having curved teeth.

Curvifoliate (ker-ve-fo/-le-at ) [curvus, curved ; folium,
leaf]. In biology, having curved leaves.

Curvinervate [ker-ve-ner1 '-vat) [curvus, curved;
nervus, nerve]. In biology, applied to leaves the
veins of which are curved and nearly parallel in their
course.

Curvirostral [ker-ve-ros' -tral) [curvus, curved; ros-
trum. ht\ik~\. In biology, having a crooked bill or beak.

Curvoisier and Von Hacker's Method. See (
/ions. Table of.

Cusack's Operation. See Operations. Table of.

Cuscamidin [kus-kam' -id-in) [cusco ; amid]. A sub
stance found in Cinchonas.

Cuscamin [kits' -ham-in) [cusco; amin~\. A crystalline
substance found in Cinchonas.

Cusco Bark [kus'-ko bark I. A kind of cinchona ; the
bark of a variety of Cinchona pubescens.

CUS< I INIDIN

346

i VANOGEN

Cusconidin -. ] An alkaloid

found in

Cusconin H \ I ', A crys

tall found in a kirk.
Cushings Operation.

Cushion [ M I . ■ •' cushion]. A

; « the purpose of reclin-

Cusp Qt] 1 he i rown or pro

:h.
Cusparia Bark ura.

Cuspid Teeth four I :eth that have

situated, one on each side,
in lateral incisor and first

Cuspidate i point]. In biology,

. rigid point.

CuspiJatus ' point: pi., Cus-

i ']. A i uspid ti

I [Pg., ■ a spittoon]. \

ring the ejecta from the
•ali. C, Sanitary, ;i small i rd or woo

cup with a cover su] a ;i rim of metal. Tl

i - ime water or disinfecting
. and at the end of the day should be thrown
int an- used to prevent the dissem-

inal of tuberculos

Cuss.' lyera and A'ooso.

Cut . to cut]. To incise, a- with a

km Vn incision. In biology, a cleft.

C. -velvet.
Cutaneous the skin]. Pertaining

C. Calculus. See Milium. C. Em-
physema, ma. C. Horns. See Cornu
C. Respiration, the transpiration of
in.
Cutch [Anglo.-Ind.]. i. A name given to
r. the dried extract from Acacia catechu, cul-
in India and Hannah, and containing 45 to 55
ecial variety of tannic acid (catechu-
tannic >>r mimotannic). It is used in leather-manu-
I . tool, or book of parchment leaves,
j dd is lieaten int 1 foil.
Cuticle [kie'-tik-l) [dim. of cutis, the skin]. The epi-

e Skin.

Cuticula 1 ku-tik'-u-lah) [dim. of cutis, a skin]. The

. lamellated layer of the wall of hydatid

C. dentis, the cuticle of a tooth; Nasmyth's

the delicate horny envelop that covers

the enamel of young and unworn teeth.

Cuticular [cuticula, dim. of cutis, the

ir pertaining to the skin.

Cuticularization (ku-tii-u-lar-iz-a/-shun) [cuticula,

in]. The formation of a cuticula.

Cutin skin]. In biology, cork-sub-

n of cellulose 1 I - remy), also called

Cutipunctor 1 [cutis, skin; punctor,

• ] An instrument for puncturing the skin.
Cut: [I..]. The derma, or true skin. C.

ansenna. C.pendula. Synonym

C. testacea, a variety of seborrhea
nk and

! with large, thick plates of greasy,

•r blackish, from

dirt upon them. There is no inflam-

a. C. unctuosa. Syn-

Cutisatioi in], Theacquire-

Cutisector 1 ., cutter].

An instrument for taking small sections of skin from

the living subject for microscopic study.

Cut-off Muscle. A popular designation for the com-
pressor urethr.e muscle. See Muscles. Tabic of.

Cutose [ku'-tds) [cutis, skin]. In biology, the substance
forming the thin outer covering of the aerial organs of
plants ( Frenn |,

Cuttle, Cuttlebone {kutf-l, kutf-lbdn), See Sepia.

Cuvier, Angle of. See Angle. C, Canals of. See
Canal. C, Ducts of. See Pud.

Cyanalcohol [si-an-aV '-ko-hol) [icvavog, dark-blue;
alcohol]. Cyanhydrin ; a substance obtained by the
union of an aldehyd with hydrocyanii acid.

Cyanaldehyd {si-an-al' -de-hid ) [icvavog, dark-blue ;
aldehyd "j. A substitution-compound of acetic alde-
hyd. '

Cyanalkin {si-an-al'-kin) [icvavog, blue; alkali"]. One
ol the products of the action of sodium upon the pure
nitrites. The cyanalkins are crystalline and strongly
alkaline bases, and form salts with one equivalent of
the acids.

Cyanamid {si-an'-am-id ) [icvavog, blue; amid ] , CN. ■
NIL. A white, crystalline body prepared by the ac-
tion of ammonia on cyanogen chlorid.

Cyananilid [si-an-an'-il-id) [icvavog, blue; anilin].
( -\.II. Phenylcyanamid, a body formed on conduct-
ing ( )N< 1, into a cooled ethereal solution of anilin. It
is readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but dissolves
with difficulty in water.

Cyanbenzene [si-an-ben'-zen). See Benzonitrile.

Cyanein [si-an-e'-in) [niavoq, dark-blue]. In biology,
the blue pigment found by Krukenberg in Rhizostoma,
Vellella, Aurelia, and Cyanea. It is soluble in water,
insoluble in benzene, carbon disulphid, and chloro-
form.

Cyanephidrosis {si-an-efid-ro' [icvavog, blue ;

dpuoig, sweat]. Hlue sweat.

Cyanetholin [si-an -cth'-o-lin) [icvavog, blue ; ethyl"]. A
liquid of ethereal odor, insoluble in water, and de-
composing when distilled. The cyanetholins are the
esters of the cyanic acids.

Cyanhematin (si-an-hem' '-at-in) [nvavoc, blue ; alua,
blood]. A substance produced by adding a solution
of cyanid of potassium to a solution of blood, and
heating gently for some time.

Cyanhydrin [si-an-hi' '-driri). See Cyanalcohol.

Cyanhydrosis isi-an-hid-ro'-sis). See Cyanephidrosis.

Cyanic [si-an'-ik) [icvavog, blue]. Blue or bluish. C.
Acid. See Acid, Cyanic.

Cyanid {si'-an-id) [icvavog, blue]. Any compound
of cyanogen with a metal or a radical. Most of the
cyanids are actively poisonous.

Cyanidrosis (si-an-id-ro'-sis). Same as Cyanephidro-

Cyanin [si'-aii-in) [icvavog, dark-blue]. I. In biol-
ogy, the blue pigment of certain flowers, as the corn-
flower, violet, iris, etc. 2. <',,ll, Y,l. A blue dye
formerly prepared by heating quinolin amyl iodid
with potassium hydroxid. Same as Quinolin-blue.
Pigments, Conspectus of . C.-blue. See Pigments,
mspectus of.

Cyanochroia [si-an-o-kroi' '-ah) [icbavog, blue; \[potd,
C( >1< ir]. 1 yanosis.

Cyanoderma [si-an-o-der1 '-mah) [hinror, blue; depua,
skin]. ( yanosis.

Cyanodermia [si-an-o-derf-me-aK\. See Cyanoderma.

Cyanogen {si-an'-o-j u 1 [ < blue; ytwav, to

produce]. A radical molecule having the structure
CN, an acid compound of carbon and nitrogen, exist-
ing as a colorless, combustible gas, exceedingly pois
onous. With hydrogen it forms hydrocyanic or
prussic acid; with metals, the cyanids ; with oxygen,

CYANOHEM( )(,!.( >BIN

347

CYLINDRO EPHALIC

the compound known as fulminic acid. < yanogen
and hydrocyanic acid are usually distinguished by the
odor nf hitter almonds.

Cyanohemoglobin ( si-au' ' -o-hem-o-glo* '-hin i [kvi
blue; yewdv, to produce; n'nui, blood; globus, a
ball]. A peculiar compound of hydrocyanii acid and
hemoglobin, made by the addition oi hydrocyanic acid
to warm blood outside of the body. ["his substance
is entirely wanting in the ozonizing power of normal
oxyhemoglobin.

Cyanomycosis {si-an' -o tni-ko' -sis)\_Ki avm; \\wtt ; //' «7f,
fungus]. The production of blue pus, or of pus
charged with Micrococcus pyocyaneus. See Bacteria.

Cyanopathy [si-an-opr-a-the\. See Cyanosis.

Cyanophilous [si-an-off,-il-us\ [idiavoq, blue; (piXieiv,
to love]. Stainable with blue coloring-matter.

Cyanophyl (si-an'-o-fil) [tcbaooc, dark-blue; or/'/nr,
leaf]. Fremy's name for a supposed blue constituent
of chlorophyl.

Cyanopia {si-an-</-peah) \_Kravnr, blue; in]/, eye]. A
perverted state of the visual powers, during which all
objects appear blue.

Cyanosin [si-an'-o-sin) [jtbavog, blue]. One of the
Fluorescein colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Cyanosis (si-tiu-o'-sis) [kAjovoq, blue]. A bluish dis-
coloration of the skin from non-oxidation of the blood,
caused by local or general circulatory diseases. It
may be due to the admixture of arterial and venous
blood, as when there is a deficiency of the septum
between the auricles and ventricles. It is seen in
various diseases of the heart and lungs. C, Con-
genital. See Blue Disease.

Cyanospermia {si-an,-o-sper,-me-ah ) [icvavog, blue ;
a-ipfia, sperm]. A condition wherein the semen has
a bluish tint.

Cyanotic [si-an-of-ik) \jcbavog, blue]. Relating to or
affected with cyanosis.

Cyanuric Acid (si-an-u'-rik). See Acid, Tricyanic.

Cyanurin (si-an-u'-rin) [xvavoc, blue; oipov, urine].
I roglaucin or urine-indigo ; indigo found in the urine
in cystitis and in chronic kidney-diseases ; it is also
occasionally found in apparent health.

Cyar [si'-ar) [/aap, the eye of a needle]. The internal
auditory meatus.

Cyasma (si-as'-mah) [kveeiv, to be pregnant : //. ,
Cyasmatd\. The peculiar freckle sometimes seen
upon pregnant women.

Cyathiform {si' ' -ath-if-orni) Tcyatkus, a cup ; forma,
shape]. In biology, cup-shaped.

Cyclarthrosis [sik-lar-thro'-sis) [/ci'/c/loc, circle ; apflpuaic,
a joint]. A pivot-joint; lateral ginglymus, or rotary
diarthrosis; an articulation that admits of decided rota-
tion in one of its elements.

Cyclic (si'-klik) [kvk/ukoc, circular]. Having cycles or
periods of exacerbation or change, as cyclic insanity.
In biology, applied to flowers whose organs are ar-
ranged in whorls. C. Albuminuria. See Albumi-
nuria. C. Insanity. See Insanity.

Cyclicotomy {si-klik-ot'-o-me) \kvk7ak6c, circular ;
ri uveiv, to cut]. Surgical incision or division of the
ciliary body.

Cyclitic Shell (si-klit'-ik) [kitc/v/ioc, circular]. A co-
herent, solid, fibrous mass of exudate, completely
enveloping the crystalline lens.

Cyclitis {stk-Ii' -tis) \_kI'k/o<;. a circle ; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the ciliary body, characterized
bv a zone of congestion in the sclerotic coat surround-
ing the cornea. It is a serious condition, often impli-
cating adjacent structures. It may be serous, plastic,
or suppurative. Irido-cyclitis. the involvement of
both iris and ciliary body in the inflammatory proci 5S

Cyclocephalus {si-klo-sef -al-tts) [kvkAoc, a circle;

Ke<pa/.i/, head]. I. A species of single autositii i

Sti r> ( harai trri/ed by a more or le-s c< implete absence
of the olfactory organs, together with an intimate
union of imperfectly developed or rudimentary visual
aiis, situated in the median line. 2. A variety of
this spei ies in which there is a fusion of the orbital
cavities and of the eyes, without a vestige of a r.
or of a proboscis.

Cycloid isi'-kloid) [msXag, a circle ; e'kW, form]. In
biology, having a circular form.

Cyclophoria {sik-lo-fo'-re-ah) [kvkDjoq, a circle ;

to bear]. I. A term applied to the circulation of the
fluids of the body. 2. An insufficiency of the oblique
muscles of the eye, giving the eyes a tendency to roll
outward or inward, so that the naturally vertical meri-
dians would diverge either at the upper or lower
extremities.

Cyclopia {si-klo'-pe-ah). See Synophthalmia.

Cycloplegia [si-klo-ple'-je-ah) [/ewefoe, circle; ->/
stroke]. Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the e\

Cyclops (si' -kips) [m ' K/or, circle ; o>ip, eye]. A con-
genital malformation consisting in a fusion of the two
eyes into one. See Rhinocephalus.

Cyclosis (si-klo'-sis) \_ni k'/oc, a circle]. In biology,
circulation, as of the protoplasm within a cell.

Cyclothymia (si-klo-thim'-e-ah) [xiicXoc, circle ;
mind]. < vclic insanity. See Insanity.

Cyclotome (sik'-lo-toni) [/ci'/c/or, circle ; r . cut-
ting]. A kind of knife for performing cyclotomy.

Cyclotomy {sik-lot'-o-mc) [kvk?jOc, round; rofiij, section].
An operation proposed for the relief of glaucoma, con-,
sisting of an incision through the ciliary body.

Cydonium (si-do'-ue-um) [ko8£wiov, a quince]. 'Quince-
seed. The seeds of C. vulgaris, employed mainly for
the mucilage contained in the epithelial covering, which
consists of a compound of gum and glucose. C.
mucilago, quince-seeds 2, macerated in water loo
parts, is a bland demulcent, known as Bandolin, and
used as a hair-dressing.

Cyematocardia isi-em-at-o-kar'-de-aK) [ni i/ua, a fetus ;
Kapfiia, a heart]. fetal rhythm of the heart-sounds.

Cyesiognosis (si-e-se-og-no'-sis) [kvijoic, pregnancy;
yvuoic, knowledge]. The diagnosis of pregnancy.

Cyesiology (si-e-se-ol'-o-je) [tan/aic, pregnancy ; /«;"</.
treatise]. The science of gestation in its medical
aspects.

Cyesis [si-e'-sis) [nvqatc, pregnancy]. Pregnancy.

Cyetic (si-et'-ik) \kvi]tlko<;, pregnant]. Relating to
pregnancy.

Cylicotomy (il-ik-ot'-o-me) [m'/'5, cup; teuveiv, to
cut]. Surgical incision of the ciliary muscle.

Cylinder [stlf -in-der) [KvTuvdpog, a cylinder]. Along,
circular body. See, also, Lenses. C.-cone of
Kuhnt, one of the conical sections marked off by the
" incisures" and going to build up the annular seg-
ments of a medullated nerve-fiber. C. -filling, a till-
ing, the material of which is composed of gold-foil or
tin-foil cylinders, sometimes called block-tilling. C.
of Gold-foil, a form of gold-foil for filling teeth,
made by rolling a tape of non-cohesive gold upon a
fine broach, commencing at one end of the tape and
continuing the movement until the desired size of the
cylinder is reached.

Cylindrenchyma {sil-in-dreng* -kim~ah) [kv7uv6(*
cylinder; tyxvfia, an infusion]. In biology, tissue
composed of cylindric cells.

Cylindric [sH-in'-drik), or Cylindrical [sil-tn' -drik-al)
[tcvXivSpog, a cylinder]. Pertaining to or like a
cylinder. C. Lenses. See Lenses.

Cylindrocephalic {sil-in'-dro-sef-al'-ik) [iw'hivSpoQ,
cylinder; KBpatej, head]. Affected with cylindro-
cephaly.

i \ 1 IM.R. »C1 I'll \1V

348

CYR 1". EPHALUS

CVI.INDROIDS.

a and b. Cast-like forms.
. lil tmentous forms.

Cylindrocephalv \li"

dei . \ ■ ) ndrii formation of the

ill.
Cylindroid . cylinder;

likeness]. A name
n i" a ■

. ucntly found in
orii

It

lin .1m

Us, IW1

len the

.1- renal

l'i.

■us sha
dm s and t-

ng them

I 'he

rrow and
ind often bi-

Cyliniroma

. lin-

A tumor peculiar to the orbit of the eye, to the face,

and t.> the stomach, composed of cylindric or club-like

hyaline processes. It is a variety of myxo-sarcoma.

Cyhndrosis [sil-in-a | to roll]. V

variety of bony articulation, the bone being rolled

f to f inn a canal and then a suture, as in

the cranium.

Cyllosis [sit [\r/v.(j<7/<;, crippled]. Club-foot ;

l.un im deformity.

Cyllosoma | ..'-. , lame ; ffiifia, a body :

] A variety of single autositic mon-
- celosoma, in which there is a
lateral eventration occupying principally the lower
portion of the abdomen, with absence or imperfect
development of the lower extremity on that side
i by the eventration.
Cyllum . crooked]. Knock-knee.

Cymba dm'-bah) [*/■«. fy, a boat]. In biology, aboat-

spicule.
Cymbiform orm) [cymba, boat ; forma , shape].

In 1 C. Bone, the scaphoid bone.

Cymbocephalia ef-a' -le-ah). See Cymboceph-

Cymbocephalic, or Cymbocephalous [sim-bo-sef-aV '-
■ ;/ i [m .; ■>//, boal ; . bead],

haly.

Cymbocephaiy

adition of having a boat-shaped

Cyni' , ,ung sprout]. In biology, a

thi determinate or centrifugal

Cymene ( vminum, cumin], C,0HU. A hy-

her w-iih cumic aldehyd,
hi /'/////iiu/m cyminum),
li i- prepared by treating
vitriol. It is a pleasantl)
i - 176° <'.; its specific

Cyrnoge ■ jn; yhn/g, pro

ileum, gaseous at

by 1 old or 1

11 v uo°
irtificial

>.ld for lot al
or min

Cymose [sif-mdi) [Kbfia, a young sprout]. In l>i"
pertaining to a cyme ; bearing cymes.

Cynanche [sin-angf -ke) [k'uuv, a dog; &yxeiv, to
strangle]. An old name for any acute affection of
the throat, as diphtheria, croup, tonsillitis, etc., in
which the patient struggles lor breath (as a panting
dog). See also Angina. C. maligna, a fatal form
.1 sore throat. C. suffocativa. Synonym of Croup.
C. tonsillaris. See Quinsy.

Cynanthropia [sin-an-thro' '-pe-ah) [kvw, dog; avtipuirof
a man]. A mania in which the patient believes him-
self a dog, and imitates the actions of one.

Cyniatria [si/ir-a-fri'-a//] [m wv, do<j ; larpfia, med-
ication]. Thescienceortreati.se of the diseases of
the dog and their treatment.

Cynic Isin'-ik) [/cwwcdf, dog like]. Pertaining to a
dog. C. Spasm, a contraction of the facial muscles
upon one side, so as to expose the teeth in the man-
ner of an angry dog.

Cynobex hebetica [si'-no-beki he-bef-ik-ah) [/rfiwv,
dot,'; jS^f, cough; /, . youthful]. The convul-

sive cough of puberty; aloud, dry. barking cough
that often attacks boys and girls at puberty. General
hygienic treatment is usually curative.

Cynocephalous [sin-o-sef -al-us) [m»uv, dog; at yu '/./;,
the head]. With the head dog-shaped.

Cynodontes [si-no-don'-Iez) [wm', dog; 060
bddvToq, tooth]. The canine teeth, so called from their
resemblance to the teeth of a dog. See Cuspid Teeth.

Cynoglossum [si-no-glosJ '-urn). See Hound's Tongue.

Cynolyssa [si-no-lisf-ah) [k/'uv, dog; '/.iaaa, rabies].
Hydrophobia ; rabies.

Cynophobia [si-no-fo* ' -be-ah)\x^(ov> adog; <p6(3o$, fear].
1. Morbid fear of dogs. 2. Imaginary hydrophobia.

Cynorexia [si-no-reks' -e-aK) [kvov, dog; bpe^tq, appe-
tite]. Canine voracity ; bulimia.

Cynospasmus {si-no-spas' -mus) [kvov, dog ; a~aafi6^,
spasm]. Same as Cynic Spasm.

Cynurenic Acid [sin-u-ren'-ik) [k&ov, a dog; ovpov,
urine], < !20H14N2O„ -f- 2H.20. A crystalline acid found
in dog's urine It is a decomposition-product of pro-
teids. On heating it cynurin is evolved.

Cynurin (../;/' -u-rin) \_nri,>v, a dog; ovpov, urine],
C18HUN2< >.,. A base obtained by heating cynurenic
a< id to 2500.

Cyophoria (si-o-fo'-re-ah) [k^oc, fetus; tykpeiv, to
carry]. Pregnancy; gestation.

Cyopin isV-o-pin) [tcvaveog, blue; irbov, pus]. The
coloring-matter found in blue pus.

Cyphosis [si-fa* -si ). See Kyphosis.

Cypripedin [sip-rip-e* -din) [xi-p/r, Venus; irddutv, a
slipper], A precipitate from the tincture of (
dium pubescens ; antispasmodic, nervine, narcotic.
I 'ose '.. to .? grains. Unof.

Cypripedium (sip-rip^-de-um) [xi-pic, Venus; -<'>A/<>y,
a slipper]. Lady's Slipper. The roots of C. /-
cens and C. parviflorum, American valerian, with
properties due to a volatile oil and acid. It is an
antispasmodic and stimulant tonic, Used instead of
valerian, which it resembles. C, Fid. Ext. Dose
n\x-xxx.

Cypriphobia [sip-rif-o' -be-ah) [i&irpig, \ enus ; <:<■
1 of sexual intercoui

Cyprus Vitriol [sif-prus v/^-re-ol). Same as Blue
Vitriol. C. Fever. Same as Malta Fever.

Cypsela [sip-sel' '-ah) [icutyk'Xa, a hollow, cup-like
structure]. In biology, a term sometimes applied to
an mi which is invested with an adnate calyx

such as that of the ( lompositae.

Cyron (sir* oh). See Chyt u

Cyrtocephalus [sit il-us) \_Kvpr6q, convex;

', , head J. 1 laving a short head,

CYRTOCORYPHUS

349

I \ 51 [NURIA

Cyrtocoryphus {sir-to- kor* '-if -us) \Kvpr6q, convex;
Kopwpq, the crown of the head]. Li- .iw i - term for
a skull with a parietal angle betwi en 122° and 1320.

Cyrtograph {sir* -to-graf) \xupr6g, curved; ypcupeiv, to
record]. A recording cyrtometer.

Cyrtoma {sir-to' -mah) ( a, a curving: />/., Cyr-

tomatd\. A convexity, especially one that is ab-
normal.

Cyrtometer (sir-torn' -et-er) [nvprSg, curved; fiirpov,
a measure]. An instrument adapted for mi
curves, and especially those of the chest.

Cyrtometopus (sir-to-met-op'-us) \jtvprog, convex;
piiTanrov, the forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle formed by lines connecting the
nuMon with the bregma and the metopion i.-^ between
1200 and 1 30. 50.

Cyrtonosus (sir-ton' -o-sus) \Kvpr6g, curved ; ruaog,
a disease]. Synonym for Khachitis.

Cyrtopisthocranius (sir-to-pis-tho-kra' -ne-us) \Kvpr6 .
curved ; bwiaOoKpavtov, the occiput]. Lissauer's term
for a skull in which the angle of the summit of the
occiput is between 1 1 70 and i_;o0.

Cyrtosis (sir-to' -sis) \_Kvpr.uacg, curvature : //. , Cyrtoses~\ .
Any deformity, especially one that affects the bones.

Cyrturanus (sir-iur-a'- nus) \jcupT6g, curved; o'vpavog,
the roof of the mouth]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle at the roof of the mouth is between
1320 and 147.5°.

Cyst (sist) [hlotic, sl pouch]. A cavity containing fluid
and surrounded by a capsule. C., Blood. See
Hematoma. C, Cutaneous. See C, Dermoid. C,
Dentigerous, one containing teeth ; one form is found
in the ovaries. C, Dermoid, a congenital cyst con-
taining bone, hair, teeth, etc. ; the cyst-wall is like
the skin. C, Echinococcus, a cyst formed in
various tissues and organs of m?n by the larva of the
Tenia echinococcus of the dog, taken into the stomach.
C, Exudation, one resulting from increase of exuda-
tion, or from exudation into a closed cavity. C,
Hydatid. See C, Echinococcus. C, Meibomian.
See Chalazion. C, Mucous, a retention cyst con-
taining mucus. C, Multilocular, one composed of
many separate compartments. C, Miillerian, a cyst
containing mucus, blood, or pus, developed in the
remnants or rudiments of the inferior or vaginal
portion of the duct of Miiller. C, Piliferous, a
hair-containing or dermoid cyst. C, Primary, one
newly formed, not from distention. C, Retention,
one that is due to the non-expulsion from its duct of
the secretion of a gland, in consequence of closure of
the duct, as in mucous or sebaceous cysts. C, Seba-
ceous, one containing fatty material. C, Secondary,
a cyst within a cyst. C, Sublingual. See Ranula.
C, Synovial, one resulting from the distention of
bursce or synovial sheaths. C, Tarsal. See Chala-
zion C, Unilocular, one having but a single cavitv.
C, Wolffian, a cyst developed in the inferior vestiges
of the canal of Wolff. It is situated in the anterior or
antero-lateral vaginal wall, and is frequently pro-
longed toward the cervix or even into the base of the
broad ligament.

Cystadenoma (sist-ad-en-o'-mak) \_tiiarig, cyst ; aA^v,
gland; bita, a tumor: pi. , Cystadenowata'j. An ad-
enoma containing cysts.

Cystalgia (sist-al'-je-ah) [/c/crr/c, bladder ; a/; oc, pain].
Pain in the bladder.

Cystatrophia (sist-at-ro'-fe-ah) [nvarir, bladder; arpo-
ua, want of nourishment]. Atrophy of the urinary
bladder.

Cystauchenitis (sist-aw-ken-i'-tis) [Krnrtr, bladder ;
hi '' 1 //!•, neck ; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the neck of the bladder ; trachelocystitis.

Cystauxe (sist-awks'-e) [jcvoTtg, bladder; avl-7), in-
1 rease ]. I hi< kening of the bladder.

Cystectasia [sist-ek-ti \, or Cystectasy (si

[xvarcg, bladder; enTaoig, a stretching out].
Surgical dilatation of the urethra or of it- prostatic
portion in certain operations f

Cystein (sist'-e-in) [/oWtc, bladder], <\.IL\o,s. A
compound obtained by reducing cystin ; it is a crys-
talline powder, soluble in water, yielding an indigo-
blue color with ferric chlorid ; in the air it rapidly
oxidizes to cystin.

Cystelcosis (sist-el-ko'-sis) [nvong, bladder; >'/■
ulceration]. Ulceration of the bladder.

Cystencephalus (sist-en-sef -al-us) \_Kvartg, a blad
'>""""', the brain]. A form of monstrosity in which
the brain is replaced by a cyst like structure.

Cystenchyma (sist-eng'-kim-a/t) [ic'vtmq, a bladder;
■■ , pyaz, an infusion]. In biology, a connective tissui of
large, oval, thin-walled cells, as seen in cerl !\ges.

Cysthitis (sis-thi' -tis) [pjadog, vulva; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the vulva.

Cystic (sist'-ik) [itvOTig, bladder]. Pertaining to or
resembling a cyst; pertaining to1 the urinary bladder or
the gall-bladder. C. Angioma. Synonym of Lymph-
< : ngioma circumscriptum.

Cysticercus (sis-te-ser'-kus) [k! ar/c, a bladder ; nipnog,
a tail]. The scolex of the tape- worm. An hydatid.
C. bovis, a form of hydatid existing in the muscles
of the ox (mostly in the calf). Its progenitor is the
Tcenia mediocanellata of man. It produces the dis-
ease called Beef Measles. C. cellulosae, the hydatid
found inhabiting the intermuscular connective tissue
of the pig, producing the condition known as
"measles." Its progenitor is the Tania solium of
man. See Alternation of Generation. C. cellu-
losae cutis. An hydatid, or immature form of Tttnia
solium, which is sometimes parasitic upon the subcu-
taneous tissues of the skin. C. ovis, an hydatid of
uncertain origin found in sheep in the condition called
Mutton Measles. C. pisiformis, an hydatid found mainly
in the abdominal cavity of the rabbit and of the hare,
and, in its immature state, in the liver of these animals.
Its progenitor is the Taenia serrata of the dog. C.
tenuicollis, a slender or long-necked hydatid found
in the abdominal and pelvic cavity of the sheep, the
pig, the ox, and the fowl. Its progenitor is the Tcenia
marginala of the dog. See Parasites [Animal \ . Tab:

Cystid (sist'-id) \Kvorig, a bladder]. In biology, the
saccular, ciliated, planula-like embryo of a polyzoan ;
also the cell in which the body of an adult polyzoan
is contained.

Cystidomyeloma [sist-id-o-mi-el-o'-mah | [K&artg, blad-
der; five7u6g, marrow], A medullary carcinoma of the
bladder.

Cystifellotomy (sist-if-el-of-o-me) \jwarig, cyst ; fel,
bile; 70////, a cutting]. See Ckolecystotomy.

Cystiform (sist'-if-orm) \_cystis, a bladder; forma,
shape]. Encysted, cystomorphous.

Cystin (sisf-in) [fdiarvg, bladder], CJI.XSt ).,. A sub-
stance found in the urine in small amount. It occurs
in regular, colorless, six-sided tables of very chai
teristic appearance. It is insoluble in water, alcohol,
and ether, but readily soluble in ammonia. Test :
boil with a solution of lead oxid in sodium hydrate.
If cystin is present, black lead sulphid is precipitated.

Cystinuria (sist-in-u'-re-ah ) [xt-artc, bladder; 01
urine]. The presence of cystin in the urine. The cystin
may be present in the form of calculi or as a deposit.
The urine has a yellowish-green color and a peculiar
smell, like that of fresh sweet-briar, but rapidly
acquires a putrescent odor on standing, whilst an oily
film tortus on the surface.

i YSTIPATHY

CYTIN

Cystipathy bladder ; -

disease]. \\\y disease of the bladd
Cystirrhea | ...:;,' .1, a

Sow]. Vesi irrh.

Cyst:-
Cystitic i bladder]. Relating to

tia . bladdi iflammation].

idder. C, Exfoliative, that
he inflammatory proi
of the mucous mem-
bra t a portion <>t the
men i i the bladder.
Cystitome
•.oblast
Cystobubonocelc | " .bladder;

lernia]. Hemia of the blad-

Cystocarcinoma . blad-

. a cancer]. Carcinoma with cystic
ration.
jcarp | - . a bladder; Kap

fruit]. In I .ne sometimes applied to the

certain a
Cystocel . pouch; k/'//'/, a tumor],

A : the bladder into the vagina, pushing the

vaginal wall through the vulvar orifice. In the
if cases it is a sequela of childbirth,
ition of the pelvic floor. It may,
suit from heavy lifting, etc. There is a
if weight, with frequent and difficult micturi-
protrusion between the labia. It is gener-
all • ted with a rectocele, and if left uncorrected

fav if the uterus.

Cystochondroma {sist-o-kon-dr</ -maK) \_K.vaTiq, blad-
der; ) hi, a tumor: pi. , Cysto-
.•]. A neoplasm presenting the characters
of both chondroma and cystoma.
Cystocolpitis {sist-o-kol-pi'-tis) [kinttvc, bladder; k&X-
. vagina]. Inflammation of both bladder and
;na.
• ocope (sist'-o-kdp) [k/cttvc, bladder; k<5toc, a
v] A urethral sound, having at the proximal ex-
nity a plate to amplify the sound produced by
ical calculus.
Cystocy. -- ,ab idd r; kOtoc, a cell].
In one of the bladderdike cells of the cys-
tenchym i, ai in sponges.
Cystodynia ih) [kuotic, bladder; bSvvr/,

Ha.
Cystofibroma [sist-o-Ji-bro'-mah) \Kvartg, a bladder;
r; b/ia, a tumor: pl.yCystofibromata\. A
nting the character of both a fibroma

Cystohemorrhagia n-or-a' -je-ah) [iiboTig, the

. to burst]. Vesical

Cy -- . bladder .a stone].

ilus. In biology, a stalked body mainly

ite, found in the cells of

ise of the nettle.

C tolithiasis (sist-o-lith [tcbarig, a bladder;

bl idder; also thatcon-
' that i- ted with the pres-

Cystolithic --.,-, bladder; Wog, a

cal calculus.
Cystolutein

iind in cysts.
Cystom:. ,,,/ri) ;l tumor :

A t. "dally an ovarian

turn ySts.

Cystomerocele {sist-o-mer'-o-sll} [/rfiffrec, bladder,
. thigh ; »>/,///, hernia]. A hernia of the bladder

through the femoral rin<^.
Cystomorphous [sist-o-mor/ -fits) [m'ctt/c, cyst; [to

form], Having the form of a cyst.
Cystomyxoma {sist-o-miks-t/'»iak) [xixmg, a cyst;

ur;<i, mucus; '""'", a tumor: pi., Cystomyxomata\.

A neoplasm presenting the characters of both myxoma

and cystoma.
Cystoncus (sist-ong* '-kits) [m onr, bladder ; 6}Korf a

swelling]. Any swelling of the bladder.
Cystonephrosis {sist-o-tir-fro'-sis) [n'voTiq, sac ; vt<

kidney]. A cystic or cystomorphous dilatation of the

kidney.
Cystoparalysis (sist-o-par-al' -is-is) [k'votic, bladder ;

n'/vmc, palsy]. Paralysis of the bladder.
Cystopexy (sistf -o-peks-e) [/o'frr/c, bladder; ~'7iir, fixa-

tion], Fixation of the bladder. An operation for the

cure of cystocele, based upon the principle of the

Alexander Adams operation.
Cystophotography {sist-o-fo-tog' -ra-fe) \_Krariq, the blad-
der; o<~.>c, light; ypd<j>eiv, to write]. Photographing

the interior of the bladder for diagnostic purposes.
Cystoplastic {sist-o-plus'-/ik) [/cCkjtjc, the bladder ;

-}nnarivy to form]. Relating to cystoplasty.
Cystoplasty (sisf ' -o-plas-te) [/twelve, bladder ; ■kXo.ggeiv,

to form]. Plastic operation upon the bladder, espe-
cially for vesico-vaginal fistula.
Cystoplegia {sist-o-ple'-jc-ah) [kIotic, bladder ; irJafyfj,

a blow]. Paralysis of the bladder.
Cystoptosis (sist-op-to' -sis) [/d'ffrtc, bladder ; tttuoh;, a

fall]. The projection of some portion of the bladder

into the urethra.
Cystopylometer (sist-o-pi-lom' -et-er) [k'votu;, bladder ;

■kvAt/, gate ; fifrpov, measure] . An instrument for

measuring any obstruction (as an enlarged prostate)

at the entrance to the bladder; it is called also

pylometer.
Cystorrhagia {sist-or-a' -je-ah). See Cystohemorrhagia.
Cystorrhea (sist-or-e'-ah). Same as Cystirrhea.
Cystorrhexis (sist-or-eks' -is) [nvariq, bladder ; p'/^ir,

rupture] . Rupture of the bladder.
Cystoscope (sist'-o-skop) [Kixmc, bladder ; am-tlr, to

examine]. An instrument for examining the interior

of the bladder.
Cystoscopy (sist-os'-ko-pc) [nvarig, bladder; OKOTreiv,

to examine]. Examination of the interior of the

bladder by means of the cystoscope.
Cystospasmus {sist-o-spaz' '-mus) [kiW/c, bladder ;

r,-nap6q, spasm]. Spasm of the bladder.
Cystospastic (sist-o-spas'-tik) [/iror/.c, bladder; airanri-

n6g, pulling]. Relating to spasm of the bladder.
Cystostomy [sist-os'-to-me) [/cdorfc, bladder ; ar6fia, a

mouth or opening]. The formation of a fistulous

opening in the bladder- wall.
Cystotome [sisf '-'o-tom) [/rfiOTfC, bladder; repveiv, to

cut]. A knife used in cystotomy ; also a knife used

in rupturing the capsule of the lens in cataract-
operations.
Cystotomia [sist-o-to* '-me-ah ) [ I .. ] . Same as Cystotomy.

C. hypogastrica. Suprapubic cystotomy.
Cystotomy (sist-ot'-o-me) [kicstic, bladder; tou/j, a

cutting]. Incision of the bladder.
Cyte [sit) [k(itoc, a hollow]. Any cell; especially a

nuclear cell (used mostly in composition).
Cythemolysis [si-lhem-olf-is-is) [/c{iroc, cell; «///</,

blood; Xvaiq, dissolution]. Dissolution of the cor-

puscles of the 1)1 1

Cytin [si'-tin) [/cvroc, a cell]. An insoluble cellular

substance that remains in various residues of animal
ue from which cytoglobin has been removed. Hy

decomposition it is changed into an albuminoid.

CYTISIN

351

CZUMPELITZS TES1

Cytisin (sit'-is-in) [i&Ttaog, a kind of clover], C,1PH.,7-
Ns0. A poisonous alkaloid obtained from Cytisus
laburnum and other species. It occurs in yellowish-
white, deliquescent crystals. It is chiefly used in the
form of the nitrate, a beautiful crystalline salt, pa
yellow in color and acid in reaction. It i-. used sub
cutaneously in paralytic migraine, and as a diuretic in
dropsy and cardiac disease. Dose, grain 2Jff to f,
hypodermatically.

Cytoblast (si' to blast) [kvtoc, a cell; /J/.aor.
germ]. In biology, applied to the nucleus of a cell ;
also one of the ameboid cytodes going to make up the
cytoblastema of sponges.

Cytoblastema ( si-to-blas-te' '-mah ) [ m'toc, a cell ;
f/aarima, a sprout]. In biology, applied to forma-
tive material or protoplasm, as giving rise to cells or
cytodes; also to the matrix in which the individuals of
a protozoan colony are imbedded ; the gelatinous ma-
trix of a sponge.

Cytochylema (si-to-ki-le'-mak) [kitoc, a cell ; \ i
juice]. Strasburger's term for the inter-reticular por-
tion of protoplasm ; cell-juice.

Cytochyma, or Cytochyme (si-to-kim'-ah, or si'-t,-
kim) \_Krr<)<;, a cell ; ji^oc, juice]. The water-sap
in the vacuoles of the cytochylema of protoplasm.

Cytococcus [si-to-kok' '-us) [/error, cell ; kokkoc, ker-
nel: //., Cytococci~\. The nucleus of a cytula.

Cytode (si' -tod) [kitoc, a cell ; eldog, form]. In biol-
ogy, a term applied by Haeckel to a non-nucleated
cell. The simplest, most primitive form of cell,
without nucleus or nucleolus ; Haeckel therefore calls
the Monera cytodes.

Cytoderm [sV -to-derni) [kltoc, a cell; dipfia, skin].
In biology, a cell-wall.

Cytodieresis (si-to-di-er' '-es-is) [kitoc, cell ; Sialpeaig,
division]. The process of cell-division.

Cytogenesis ( si-to-jen' -es-is) [kitoc , a cell ; ykveoig,
production]. The formation or genesis of the cell, or
of cells.

Cytogenetic (si- to- fen- et' '-ik) [kitoc, a cell ; } eveaig,
production]. Relating to cell -formation.

Cytogenic (si-to-jen' -ik). See Cytogenous.

Cytogenous (si-toj'-en-us) [kitoc, a cell ; yevrjg, pro-
ducing]. In biology, producing cells.

Cytogeny (si-toj'-en-e). See Cytogenesis.

Cytoglobin (si-to-glo'-bin) [kctoc, a cell ; globus, a ball].
An albuminoid, obtainable in the form of a white,
soluble powder. It forms three per cent, of the pulp
of the lymphatic glands. It is partially convertible
into preglobin.

Cytography [si-tog* -ra-fe) [%1'Toc, a cell ; ypayeiv, to
write]. A description of cells.

Cytohyaloplasm (si-to-hi' -al-o-plazm) \jiVTog, a cell ;
va/.og, transparent ; Tv'/daua, formed matter]. Stras-
burger's name for the reticulum of protoplasm.

Cytoid (si'-foiJ) [/cfrroc, cell ; eufog, likeness]. Resem-
bling a cell.

Cytokinetic (si-fo-ki-net'-ik) [/citoc, a cell ; Ktvelv, to
move]. In biology, applied to the phenomena of mo-
tion of plasma or cells ; the opposite of Cytostatic
(Ryder).

Cytolergy (si-tof -er-je) [kitoc, a cell; ipyov, work].
Cell-activity.

Cytologist (si-tol' '-o-fist) [kitoc, a cell ; 7J>yog, science].
One who is versed in cytology.

Cytology (si-tol' -o-ie) [kitoc, a cell; Myog, science].
The science of cell-formation and cell-life.

Cytolysis [si-tol* '-is-is) [kit/c, cell; /b'xwc, loosening;
solution], Cell-catabolism ; (ill destruction.

Cytometeri ri-tom'-et-er) [ki'tic, cell; fiirpov, a measure]
A device 6 >r measuring < i

Cyto-mitoma (si/-to-mi-to/-mah) [<rfrof , cell ;

filler]. The fibrillar part of a cell body. See hlitoma.

Cytonergy [si-ton' -er-je). Sum'-

Cytopathy (si-top' -ath-e) [kitoc, a cell ; irhtioq, disease].
1 disease of the living cell.

Cytophagous [si-toff' ' -ag-us) [avroq, a cell; tj>ayeii>, t<>
devour]. Phagocytic; of the nature of a phagocyte ;
cell-devouring.

Cytophosphatid (si-to-fos-fit'-id | [kiitoc, cell ; • -
/""/, Lucifer]. A form of nuclein, containing sulphur
and phosphorus and said to be obtainable from brain-
tissue ; gangliocvtin.

Cytoplasm, or Cytoplasma (si'-to-plazm, or si-to-plaz'-
mah) \jtuTog, cell; -'/Anna, anything formed]. In
biology, Dujardin's name for protoplasm, q. v.

Cytoproct i i' -to-prokt ) [kitoc, a cell ; Trpunrog, the
anus]. In biology, an orifice with anal functions in
the Infusoria. Cf. Cytopyge.

Cytopyge (si-to-pi' -;'<■) [kitoc, a cell; irvyjj, the rump].
In biology, the anal aperture of a unicellular animal.
Cf. Cytoproct.

Cytostasis (si-tos' '-tas-is) [/error- , cell; oraotg, stasis].
Stoppage or plugging of the capillaries by the blood
cells.

Cytostatic (si-to-staf -ik) [kitoc, a cell; arar6g, fixed].
In biology, applied to the static or resting con-
ditions of plasma or cells ; the opposite of Cytokinetic
(Ryder).

Cytostome (si'-to-stow) [kitoc, a cell; ardfia, mouth].
In biology, the oral aperture of a unicellular organ-
ism.

Cytotaxis (si-to-taks'-is) [kitoc, a cell; rdfff, order].
The selective, ordering, and arranging function of a
living cell.

Cytotrophy (si-tot1 '-ro-fe) [kitoc, cell ; rpbor/, nourish-
ment] . The growth of the cell and sustentation of
cell-life.

Cytozoon (si-to-zo'-on) [kitoc, cell; (,Cxrv, animal]. A
protoplasmic cell-mass, probably parasitic in nature,
with independent movement ; found by Gaule in de-
fibrinated blood and other structures.

Cyttarhagia (sit-ar-a' '-je-ah ) \_niT-apog , cell ; .'

to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the socket of a
tooth.

Cytula (sit'-u-lah) ^Ktrog, a cell]. In biology, an im-
pregnated ovum.

Cytuloplasm [sif ' -u-lo-plazm) [kitoc, a cell ; -'/u>--
to form, mold]. In biology, the mingled ovoplasm
and spermoplasm in a cytula.

Czermak's Spaces. Certain interglobular spaces in
the body.

Czerny's Operations. See Operations, Tabic of.

Czerny-Lembert Suture. See Suture.

Czerny-Schrceder Operation. See Operations, Table
of.

Czoker's Alum Cochineal. A solution for staining
microscopic sections. Boil ~ grams of pulverized
cochineal and J grams of alum in 700 c.c. of distilled
water, until the quantity of tluid is reduced to 400 c.c. ;
cool, add a few drops of carbolic acid, and filter.
After standing for a few days filter again, after which
the tluid will be ready for use. See Stains, Table of.

Czumpelitz"s Test. See Tests, Table of.

D

I'.M fYLOSYMPHYSIS

D

D. Dosia \ dose. In Electro-therapeutics an al>-

bn and of I ' In ophthal

molog) the lettei an abbreviation ol

It i~ also used tr, let ii

Da Costa's Disease

Dacryadcnu'. i [danpv, tear;

pain] Pain in a lachrymal
ul.

•.enitis See Dacryo-

Dacryagogu [ tpv, tear; dy

i Inducing a Bow of tears. 2. An
i that induces a il«>w
Dacrycystalgia See Dacryo-

Dacryelcosis [ '•■•. "\ tear; i'/moaig,

ml. I the lachrymal apparatus.

Dacrygelosis [daicpv, tear; ;.'Auf

laughter]. Alternate weeping and laughter.
Dacryhemorrhysis ; [daicpv, tear;

a flow]. The weeping of bloody
blood from a lachrymal duct.
Dacryin [■ iitpv, a tear]. A [)eculiar sub-

, "i I
Dacryma (a a, a tear: pi. , Dacry-

:]. A tear ; the lachrymal secretion.
Dacryoadenitis [dak-re-o-ad-en-i'-tis) [daupvov, a tear;
id], [nflammation of a lachrymal gland.
Dacryoblenorrhea [dak-re-o-bleh-or-e* '-ah) [daupvov,
a i . mucus; po.-a, a flow]. Chronic in-

flammation and discharge of mucus from the lachry-
mal
Dacryocele •-o-sll, or -se'-le) [daupvov, tear;

. lernial. See Dacryocystocele.
Dacryocyst [dak? -re-o-sist) [daupvov, tear; aveng,

it]. The lachrymal cyst.
Dacryocystalgia i dak-re-o-sis-tal' '-je-ak) [daupvov , tear ;
. pain]. Pain in a lachrymal sac.
Dacryocystitis {dak-re- o-sis-tif -tis) [daupvov, tear; kvo-

]. Inflammation of a lachrymal sac.
Dacryocystocele [dak-re-o-sist? -o-sil) [daupvov, a tear;
a sac; nr/'/.r/, hernia]. Hernia of a lachrymal
sac.
Dacryocystoptosis [dak-re-o-sis-tqp-to/-sis) [daupvov, a
i irrua . a fall]. Prolapse or
^placement of a lachrymal sac.
Dacryohemorrhea [dak-re-o-hem-or-e/-ah). See Dae-

Dacryoid [dak* -re-oid) [daupvov, tear; eidog, form].

a tear.
Dacryolite See Dacryolith.

Dacryolith i il-'-tr-o-li.'h , [Saupvov, tear ; V.Wog, stone].
• rnal calculus; a calcareous concretion in a
• in the palpebral conjunctiva.
Dacryolithiasis >-lith-i' '-as-is) [oVfcpuov, a tear;

morbid condition that is at-
■n of dacryoliths : also, the
■
Dacryom i .... p-j r \

2. 'I ure ■ r obstruction

ing epiphora.
Dacryon a tear]. I. A tear.

Dacryoj- , tear; 8i/», eye], i.

A v t of a lachrymal

Dacryoptosis [d

a fall]. I. The falling or shedding of tears. 2.
I lai ryocystoptosis.

Dacryopyorrhea [dak-re-o-pi-or-e' -ah) [d&npvov,a tear ;
TVOV, jius; ',iu a, a flow]. A discharge of pus from
the lachrymal apparatus.

Dacryopyosis (a pi-o* -sis) [ddtepvov, tear ; irbov,

pus]. Suppuration in the lachrymal apparatus.

Dacryorrhea [dak-re-or-e' -ah) [daxpvov, tear ; pola, a
flow]. Excessive discharge ol tears.

Dacryosolen [dak-re-o-so/ -len) [daupvov, tear; auiMjv,
pipe]. A lachrymal duct or canal.

Dacryosolenitis (dak-re o to n-i'-tis) [d&Kpvov, a tear;
au/.i/v, a pipe; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of
a lachrymal duct.

Dacryostenosis [dak-re-o-sle-not -sis) [daupvov, teai ;
orevdg, narrow]. Stenosis or stricture of a lachrymal
duct.

Dacryosyrinx [dak-re-o-sir4 '-inks) [daupvov, tear ;
ovptyl;, pipe], i. A lachrymal fistula. 2. A syringe
for use in the lachrymal ducts.

Dactyl [dak' -til) [danrvAog, a linger]. A ringer or toe ;
a digit.

Dactylagra [dak-til-af-grah) [da.Krv?.og, a digit ; &ypa,
seizure]. An attack of gout or rheumatism in the
lingers.

Dactylate [dak* -til-at) [danTv?Mq, a finger]. Resem-
bling a tmger. Possessing five rays or appendages.

Dactylion (dak-til' -e-on). See Syndactylism.

Dactylitis [clak-til-i'-tis) [daaTvAoq, a linger ; crig , in-
flammation]. Inflammation of a finger or toe.

Dactylognathite [dak-til-og-nath'-lt) [ddnrvloq, a
linger ; yvadoq, jaw]. In biology, Milne Edwards'
term for the terminal (distal) joint of one of the foot-
jaws of a crustacean. See Dadylos.

Dactylogryposis [dak-til-o-grip-o1 'sis) [Sanrvhog, finger;
ypvrroq, curved]. Abnormal curvature of the fingers
or toes.

Dactyloid (dak'-til-oid) [SoKTvkog, finger ; tMoc, form].
In biology, resembling a finger.

Dactylology [dak-til-ol' -o-je) [dan-vloq, finger; Adyog,
speech]. Conversation or talking by the fingers.

Dactylolysis [dak-til-ol' -is-is) [doucrvTuog, digit ; Avotq,
loosening]. The falling off of a finger or toe. D.
spontanea. See Ainhum.

Dactylopatagium [dak-til-o-pat-ag,-e-um) [ddicroXug,
finger; irarayeiov, a border to a woman's gown]. In
biology, that part of the patagium of a bat which is
connected with the digits. Cf. Ectopatagium.

Dactylopodite [dak-til-of/ -o-dlt) [daKTvAoq, a finger;
trove, a foot]. See Dactylos.

Dactylopore [dak-til* -o-por) [dnnrvlog, finger; ndpoc,
pore]. In biology, applied to the opening of the
finger like, or tentacular dactylozoid of certain hydro-
zoans.

Dactylopterus {dak-til-op,-ter-tts) [d&KTV%og, linger;
nrep&v, wing]. In biology, applied to fishes in which
certain of the pectoral fin rays are separate and finger-
like.

Dactylorhiza [dak-til-or-V -zah) [SaKrvTuog, finger;
pira, root]. A disease of the roots of certain vege-
table-., as turnips.

Dactylos [dakf -til-os) [S&KTvXog, a linger]. In biol-
ogy, the seventh joint of any crustacean appendage, as
the dactylognathite and dactylopodite of Milne Edwards.

Dactylospasmus [dak-til-o-spaz'-mus) [ddarvAog, a
it ; oiraopdg, a spasm]. Spasm of a digit.

Dactylosymphysis ( dak-til-o-sim' -fis-is ) [SdicrvAog,
finger; ni r, together ; oiiiv, to grow]. Syndactylism.

DADI GOGO

353

LAKW 1M>.\1

Dadi Gogo (dd/-de gtZ-gd) [African]. See Gogo.

Daemonomania (de-mo-no-ma'-ne-an). See Demono-
mania.

Daffy's Elixir. A compound aromatic tincture of
senna. \ no!

Dahlia (dahl'-yah). See Pigm n ' ,/usof

Dajaksch (di'-ahsh) [Java], ["he arrow poison used
in Borneo. It is believed to be distinct from the fava
arrow-poison.

Dakryon [dah'-re-on). Sec Craniometrit Points.

Dakryops [dak* -re-ops). Same as Dacrvops.

Dalby's Carminative. An old empiric carminative
and mildly opiate mixture, answering nearly to the
mistura carminativa of tin- National formulary. It
contains about two and a half minim-- oi tincture of
opium to the Quidounce.

Dalgarno Alphabet. Glove-alphabet ; a method of
manual communication among deaf-mutes, in which
the letters are indicated by touching various parts of
the hand.

Dallas's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Dalmatian Insect Powder. See Buhach.

Dalton's Theory. The atomic theory of compounds.

Dalton-Henry Law. See Law.

Daltonism {daP '-ton-izm) \_Dalton, a physician].
Color blindness. See Blindness.

Dam. See Rubber Dam and Coffer Dam.

Damalic Acid (dam-al'-ik ). See Acid.

Damaluric Acid [dam-al-u'-rik). See Acid.

Damiana {dam-e-anf-ah). The leaves of Turnera
aphrodisiaca, found in Mexico and Lower California;
a stimulant tonic and said to be a powerful aphrodi-
siac. It is the basis of a great number of quack reme-
dies. D., Ext. Dose gr. ij-x. D., Fid. Ext.
Dose TTlx-^j. Dose of the leaves ^j daily. All
unot.

Dammar (dam'-ar) [Hind., damar, resin] . A gum or
resin resembling copal, produced by various species
of Damtnara and by various other trees. D., True,
is obtained from the Dammara orientalis, a coniferous
tree, indigenous in the East Indies, and also from
Dammara australis, in New Zealand. The latter
variety is also known as Kauri, or cowdie resin. The
former is the variety commonly called dammar in
commerce. It occurs in masses, coated on the exte-
rior with white powder from mutual attrition, while
the interior is pale-amber colored and transparent. It
is harder than rosin, and splits and cracks at the tem-
perature of the hand. It is used in the manufacture
of varnishes. See Cowdie Gum.

Damp. See Choke-damp ; Black-damp ; Dire-damp.

Damping Apparatus. The union of the tympanic
membrane of the ear with the auditory ossicles acting
as a damper to prevent excessive sympathetic vibra-
tion for its own fundamental note.

Dance (dans) [Ft., dauser, to dance]. Any measured
tread or system of steps accompanied by music. Also,
any motion of the body caused by an abnormal
nervous stimulus. D., St. Vitus's. See Chorea. D.
Plague. Synonym of Chorea.

Dancel's Method. See Treatment, Me/hods of.

Dancer's Cramp. SveCrawf. D. Palsy. See Daisy.

Dancing Mania. See Choromania.

Dandelion {dan'-de-li-on). See Taraxacum.

Dandruff (dan'-druf). See Seborrhea. Pityriasis, and
Alopecia furfuracea.

Dandy (dan'-de) [Hind., dandi, a boatman]. I. In
India, a kind of stretcher or hammock of canvas with
a bamboo frame. It is serviceable in the transportation
of the sick and wounded. 2. See Colic, Endemic.
D. Fever. See Den

Danforth's Oil. See Naphtha.
2?

Daniell [dan' vel) [Daniel/, an electrician]. A unit of
electric measurements equal to 1.124 volts. D.

Cell. See Cell.

Daniella [dan-e-el' '-ah) [I>r. Daniell, a traveler]. A
genus ol leguminou 1 W. Africa. D. thuri-

fera. the only species ol this genus affording olibanum,
or true frankincense.

Dantec, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, '/able of.

Danube Fever [dan'-Ub fe'-ver). A febrile affection
oi remittent or relapsing type observed in sailors and
others that bav< on and have drunk the water

of the Danube River, characterized by symptoms of
gastro intestinal derangemi at, albuminuria, hematuria,
edema, uremic symptoms, profit piration, en-

larged spleen, and nervous symptoms. In precise
nature is unknown ; possibly it i- the same as Malta
fever, Rock ft Vt r, Cretan fe: terra nean fever.

Daphne [daf'-ne) \6atyvri, the laurel]. A genus of thy-
melaceous shrubs, mostly poisonous or acrid.
Mezereon.

Daphnetin [daf -net-in) [ddtpvq, the laurel], C9H604+
H20. A substance obtained by the decomposition of
the glucosid daphnin. It crystallizes in yellow needles
or prism-, melting at 2550 C.

Daphnin {daf'-nin) \8atyvri, the laurel], < r,"i>.' '• I
2H20. I. A glucosid isomeric with esculin ; it is ob-
tained from the bark of Daphne alpina, and forms
prismatic transparent crystal- having a bitter taste
and melting at 2000 C. 2. See also Pigments, Con-
spectus of.

Darier's Disease. Psorospermose follictdaire vegetaut, ;
Keratosis follicularis : Ichthyosis sebacea cornea ; a
disease of the skin commencing on the face or trunk,
but ultimately spreading to other parts of the body,
and characterized by the development of papules of
small size and dirty-red color, with tirmly-adherent
grayish-brown, black, or gray horny crusts. These
crusts can be squeezed out of the papules by the
thumb-nails. In some places the lesions may become
confluent. The disease progresses slowly, and the
papules may assume considerable size. Ulceration of
their surfaces may occur, or the tumors may suppurate
en masse. The disease occurs usually in males. Its
etiology is obscure. See Diseases, Table of.

Darnel (dar'-nel). See Lolium.

D'Arsonval's Oven. See Oven.

Dartoic. or Dartoid (dar-to'-ik, or dar'-toid) \faproq,
flayed]. Pertaining to or resembling the dartos. D.
Myoma. See Myoma.

Darton's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Dartos {dar'-tos) [daprdc, flayed]. The contractile
fibrous layer beneath the skin of the scrotum.

Dartre (dar'-tr) [Fr.]. Any herpetic or other chronic
skin-disease ; a term vaguely used in French and the
older English medical literature.

Dartrous (dar'-trus) [Fr. , dartre"]. Of the nature of
tetter or herpc< : herpetic.

Dartsac (dart'-sak). A muscular sac containing a cal-
careous or chitinous dart or rod, opening into the clo-
aca of certain gasteropods. (Helix. )

Darwin's Ducts. See Ducts. D. Ear. See Ear,
Deformities of. Darwinian Tubercle, and Diseases,
ble of. D. Theory of Heredity. See Heredity.

Darwinian Tubercle. A nodule or eminence some-
times seen on the edge of the helix of the ear ; it is
believed to be a relic corresponding to the point of
an ape's ear.

Darwinism [dar/-win-izm). [Named after Charles

Darivin, a celebrated naturalist]. The theory of de-

scent by evolution, as modified by the doctrine of the

survival of the fittest. See Neo- Darwinism and

iution.

DAS1 Rl W 'KA f'S Ml 1 11' 'I'

354

DEATH

Dastre Morat's Method.

Dasyma Sai 3 Hirsuh

Date-disease. - D. -fever. Syn-

onym of •

Datisca [I .J. A genus of herbs, some

wh . u D. cannabina. of Asia and

the Levant, is antiperiodic and antiscrofulous. D.
glomerata

Datiscin .■ !. < .11 \ starch

lik- 1 from . cannabina; ii i> a good

Datura [Hind., dhatura, a certain plant].

A , or night-shade family. D.

stramonium. D. tatula, a ]>lant

belonging to the nightshade family, closely resembling
unonium in its therapeutic and physiologic proper!

It has been smoked with advantage in asthma. I nof.
Datunn [Hind., dhatura, a certain plant].

A dkaloid from the thorn-apple. See

Daturism P-u-riztri) [Hind., dhatura, a certain

antl. A morbid condition of mind and body in-
duced I jive dosing with stramonium [Datura);
~tramonium-poisoning. It is nearly or quite identical
with at i • ipism.

Daubenton's Angle. See Angle. D. Line. See
Lin . D. Plane. ne.

Daughter [davZ-ter) [AS., dohtor, daughter]. A
female child or descendant. D.-cell. See Cell. D.-
cyst, a cyst formed within a cyst. D. -nuclei. See
Ka is. D.-star, an amphiaster. See Karyo-

kiti

Dauvergne's Apparatus. An apparatus used fortreat-
. old dislocations of the shoulder.

Davat"s Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Davidsohn, Pupillary Reflex of. The light reflected
through the pupil in translumination, when the electric
light is held in the mouth.

Daviel's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Davier d) [Fr.]. A tooth-forceps ; a lion-for-

Ce;

Davies and Dale's Carmin Mass. A warm flowing
in. I— for injecting tissues. Digest in a flask for thirty-
six hours, at the ordinary temperature, II. 6 grams of
carmin in a mixture of 15 c.c. of ammonia (0.92
1) ami Il8 c.c. of water. Filter, and dilute
with water to 472 c.c. Dissolve 38.88 grams of po-
tassium alum in 295 c.c. of water, and add, with con-
iling, a solution of sodium carbonate until a
ipitate is produced. Boil and add to the
carmin fluid, shaking vigorously. A drop of the fluid,
whi I on a white filter paper, should show no

color-ring. Allow it to cool and settle for a day or two,
and draw off tin- supernatant fluid with a siphon.
Wash, by decantation, until the wash water ceases to
He with barium chlorid. So much
ept with the color that it shall measure
11 For use soak 100 grams of gelatin in 750

c< It over a water-bath.

Davies-Colley Operations. See Operations, Table

Davis's (Leon) Sign. See Death.
Davy's Method. ,,/, Methods of. D.

Operation. < , Table of. D. Tests.

Days Test.

Day-Blindness. ,■ also Hemeral

Daymare | mporary di I

an ■ . bul 1 oming on

w1'' lought to be due to

a<1 els of the brain.

Dead 1]. Without life; desti-

tute of life. D.-born. Still born. D. Finger. See
Sphaceloderma and Night-palsy. D. -house, a morgue ;
an apartment in a public institution lor keeping
id bodies. D. Nettle. See Lamium. D. Voice,
a voice without nasal resonance. The so-called nasal
voice.

Deadly (ded'-le) [AS., </,.//, dead]. ( apable of caus-
ing death ; fatal ; mortal. D. Nightshade. See
Atropa and Belladonna.

Deaf {def, or dlf) [AS., dedf, deaf]. Without the
sense of heanng. A condition of impaired hear-
ing. D. -dumbness. See Deaf-mutism. D.-
fields, two small triangular planes, converging toward
the external auditors meatus, and in which the vibrat-
ing tuning-fork is not heard. D.-mute, one who
suffers from deaf-mutism. D. -mutism, a condition
of deafness or impaired hearing, accompanied by im-
perfect development (congenital), or loss of speech.
D. -points, some points near the ear in which a vibra-
ting tuning-fork cannot be heard.

Deafness (def-nes) [AS., dedf, deaf]. The condition
of being deaf; surdity. D., Boilermakers', chronic-
labyrinthine deafness resulting from constant exposure
to loud sounds. Bone-conduction is impaired, and
there are destructive and atrophic changes throughout
the cochle;e, most marked at the base. D., Mind.
See D. , Psychie. D., Music, a variety of psychic
deafness in which, although musical sounds are heard,
they are not recognized as such. D., Paradoxic,
called also Paracousia ll'illissii, deafness for speech
in silence, but with ability, e. g., to hear the same
voice in a noisy car or street. This is said to be
caused by compression of the labyrinth. It is a form
of otopiesis. D., Psychic, the deafness from de-
struction of the auditory center (Munk). Sounds are
heard, but not recognized or understood. D., Word,
a variety of psychic deafness in which, although words
be heard, they are not comprehended.

Death [deth) [AS., death, death]. The cessation of
life. D., Apparent, a term applied to a cataleptic
state in which respiration and circulation are so feeble
as to be inappreciable. D., Black, an exceedingly
fatal epidemic called the " Plague," which occurred
in Europe during the 14th century, during which it is
estimated 20,000,000 people died. D. Camass. See
Catnass. D., Localized. See D. , Somatic. D.,
Molecular, caries; ulceration. D.-rate, a term
arbitrarily expressing the mortality of a place, based
upon the number of deaths for each 1000 of population
during a period of one year. D. -rattle, the pe-
culiar sound produced by the passage of air through
mucus in the throat of a dying person. D., Signs
of, certain indications of death, such as cessation of
the heart's action, and respiration, vigor of the body,
healthiness of the tissues, etc. See D. , Tests of. D.,
Somatic, death of the organism as a whole, in dis-
tinction from localized D., or necrosis, and gangrene.
D., Tests of: Dr. Richardson summarizes the more
important as : I. Absence of the pulsation of the heart.
2. Absence of the respiratory murmur. 3. Pressure
on veins (Fillet test). 4. Electric test for muscular
irritability. 5. The ammonia hypodermatic test
(Afonteverde's sign). 6. Coagulation of the blood in
the veins. 7. Rigor mortis. 8. Decomposition.
Balfour's Test, a test for the action of the heart in
apparent death, lb- proposed sticking into the skin
over the heart needles having little paper flags fixed in
ir blunt ends. Should there be contraction of the
heart-nn uch movement would be commu-

nii ated to the paper flags. CloqueC s Needle Test,
a bright needle plunged into the body of the
biceps muscle and left there for a time ; then ex-

Ii] Kill I ANT

:;:,:,

DECIDl A

amined for signs of oxidation. If found, life is pre-
sent. Davis's {Leon) Sign, after death the arteries
are pale or yellowish, anil empty of blood,
whilst during life the vessels pulsate, and have
the color of the surrounding tissues. Diaphanous,
Test, the scarlet-red color of the fingei edges
when held toward the light, due, il life exists, to
the blood circulating through tin- ti- I be

scarlet tint doc- not appeal ii life i- extinct. Tin I I
is not to be relied on in all cases, as in syncope the
red coloration may be absent. Fillet Test: Richard-
son's Test, a fillet applied to the veins of the arm will
not cause lilling of the veins on the distal side of the
fillet if death he present. Fouberfs Test consists in
cutting thn mgh one of the intercostal spaces and feeling
the heart with the point of the linger. Labor de' s Sign.
Same as Cloquef s Needle lest. I. archer's Sign, soon
after death the conjunctivae exhibit externally gray,
cloudy discoloration*, that rapidly become black. /I
are due either to the formation of films of mucus, or to
cadaveric imbibition dependent on putrefactive changes.
Levasseur s Sign, the application of a scarificator and
cupping-glass will fail to draw blood if life has been ex-
tinct for some hour*. Magnus's Sign, if a finger be
tightly bound round with a ligature, the part beyond
the constriction will, if the person be living, become
bright red, the tint increasing in depth until it finally
assumes a uniformly bluish-red color. At the spot,
however, where the ligature is applied, a narrow
white ring becomes visible. No change results from
the application of the ligature if life be extinct. Mon-
teverde 's Sign, the injection subcutaneously during life
of a little ammonia solution will be followed by a
port-wine congestion in surrounding parts, which does
not take place in case of death. Ripault Sign, during
life the circular shape of the pupil is influenced by
external pressure only during its actual application.
After life, however, external pressure is capable of
permanently affecting the normal roundness of the
pupillary aperture. D. Trance, trance that closely
resembles death.

Debilitant {de-bi/' -it-ant) \_debilitare , to weaken]. I.
Weakening. 2. A medicine that weakens.

Debility (de-oil' -it-e). See Asthenia.

Debove's Membrane. See Membrane. D. Method.
See Treatment, Methods of.

Debridement [da-brid/-mon{g)) [Fr., debridement^.
The enlarging of a gunshot wound or a hernia with the
knife ; the slitting of any constricting tissue or band.

Debrunner's Tests. See Tests, Table of.

Decacerous {de-has' -er-us) [(Una, ten ; nkpac, horn].
In biology, having ten horn-like processes, tentacles
or arms.

Decagram {dek/ -a-gram) [deica, ten; xpaupa, a certain
weight]. Ten grams or 15 \. 32349 grains, 0.353 ounce
avoirdupois, or 0.3215 ounce troy. See Metric System.

Decagynous [dek-aj' '-in-us) [Skua, ten ; ; m/,, female].
In biology, with ten pistils.

Decalcification (de-hal-sifih-a'-skun) [de priv.; calx,
lime; facere, to make]. The loss of the lime-consti-
tuent of bone in some cases of osteitis.

Decalcified Bone-Drain. A drainage tube made of a
decalcified chicken-bone.

Decalcify [de-kalf -sif-i) [de priv. ; calx, lime; facere,
to make]. To remove lime-salts from tissues previously
to section-cutting for histologic examination. An acid is
usually combined with a hardening agent to prevent
swelling of the tissues. The best decalcifying fluids
are Arsenious Acid, ( Ihromic Acid, I [ydrochloric Acid,
Exner's Solution. Hydrochloric Acid and Glycerin,
Nitric Acid, Nitric Acid and Chromic Acid, Picric
Acid. See Reagents and St, tins, Table of.

Decalcifying Fluid {de-kal,-sif-i~ingflu,-id'). A solu-
tion used lor the purpose oi depriving tissue of its
calcium salts. < bromic acid 1 fjram, water 200 c.c,
then add 2 c.C. nitric acid, — is commend

Decaliter, Decalitre [dek'-a-le-ter) [dt/ca, ten ; \vrpa,
a pound]. Ten lit. ! ! gallons, or .

I . S. gallons. See Metru Sy tern.

Decalvant [de-kal' '-vant 1 [decal; an , depilatory]. Re-
moving hair; depilatory; causing baldnes

Decamerous [dek-am'-er j a, tin ; pipoc, a part].
In biology, ten-parted, as a flower.

Decameter, Decametre (dek' -a-me-ter) [6kna, ten;
fiirptjv, a measure]. Ten met'. ;.; English

inches, or 32. S feet. See Metric System.

De Candolle, Canal of. See Canal.

Decandrous {dek-an' '-drus) [Sena, ten; avi/p, male].
In biology, having ten stamens.

Decane (dek'-an) [Sena, ten], <'10II.,.,. A hydrocarbon
of the paraffin serie-.

Decantation (de-kan-ta'-shun) \_de, down; cantus, a
side]. The operation of removing tin: supernatant
fluid from a sediment. It may be poured ofl by means
of a guiding r< d, or drawn off by means of a siphon.

Decapetalous {dek-ap-ef '-al-us) [dena, ten; rr
leaf]. In biology, having ten petals.

Decaphyllous \dek-,if -il-us) [ \7u0v, a leaf].

In biology, ten-leaved

Decapitation [de-kap-it-a'-shun) \_de, from; ,
head]. Division of the neck of the child in labor,
when delivery and version are both impossible. 1 bis
is sometimes called decollation.

Decapitator [de-kap> '-it-a-tor) [de, from ; caput, head].
An instrument used in performing decapitation.

Decapod {dekf -a-pod} [deica, ten ; Trove (wod- ), foot]. In
biology, having ten feet, rays, or arms.

De Cassis' Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Decay {dc-ka') [de, down; cadere, to fall]. I. Putre-
factive change. 2. The ultimate catabolic state ; de-
cline of life, of health, or of any one or more func-
tions.

Dece's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Decentered Lens {de-sen' '-terd lenz). 1. A lens thicker
at one side than at the other. 2. A lens so mounted
that the visual line does not pass through it- center.

Decentration {de-sen-tra/-shun\ [de, from ; centrum, a
center]. Removal from a center.

Decephalization {de-sef-al-iz-a' -shun) [de, away from ;
Kfon'/rj, head]. In biology, applied to retrograde
changes or simplification in the head part-.

Decerebrated (de-ser' '-e-bra-ted) [de, from; cerebrum,
the brain]. Deprived of the cerebrum; said of birds
and other animals that have been thus vivisected for
observational study.

De Chaumont's Formula. A formula for determining
the volume of pure air necessary to maintain a certain
standard of purity in the atmosphere. It is as follow.- :

g

d = — ; d = the volume of air to be delivered per

hour in cubic feet ; f = the quantity of C< >._, that each
person is assumed to evolve per hour ; p = the amount
of impurity in a cubic foot of air.
Decidua [de-sid' '-u-ah) [deciduus, a falling off]. The
membranous envelop of the ovum derived from the
mother and cast off at birth with the placenta, etc.
D., Ovular. See D. reflexa. D., Placental.
D. serotina. D. reflexa, that part of the decidua
growing about the ovum and enclosing it as a sac.
D. serotina, that part of the decidua vera upon which
the1 ovum lies, and from which the placenta is subse-
quently formed. D-. Uterine. See D. vera. D.
vera, the thickened, vascular, spongy mucous mem-
brane of the gravid uterus.

hl.i [DUAL

i»l I 1 IN 1 OLEUM

Decidual «, a railing off].

D. Cells, a proliferation

.urn i> impregnated,
|U( ous mi in
U. Endometritis.

DeciJuoma a falling

\n intra uterine
believed to
i portion ol

Deciduous fall].

|„ 3 thai fall in

when they fall

In dental anatoi ly, ap

aporary teeth. D. Skin.

D. Teeth, the temporary teeth or

, after subserving the

moved by an

S

Decigram [ tenth; gramma,

i ■ . ns troy.

Deciliter . tmth; titra, liter].

i nglish fluidounci
■;/.
Decimet : its, tenth ; uirpov, a

:!i of a meter, or 3.9,57 inches.

normal I nth ; norma,

ith the strength of the

Deck Plug \ shorl wooden cylinder that

-, used by ship-builders, and

in pathologic laboratories for making

- in which t'n may be embed -

r is wound around the plug

tee by a rubber band, sufficient paper

. a cylindric box with a wooden

Declinate lown ; clinare, to bend].

In vnward.

Declination [dek-lin-a' 'shun) [. .to decline].

needle.

Declina: 01 nare, to decline]. An

ing the dura out of harm'-, way

ihining.

Decline - . to bend]. A marked

n ; weakness of the body; an enfeebling

cm t as 1 if a

■ in for Pulmonary tuberculosis.

Declivis cerebelli [I..]. The

if the monticulus of the cere-
Decoction to boil down]. A

In pi para

in water.

in the
in '1 British phar-

Decoctum \ de-

Decollated from : ollum,

Decollation „

Decollat 1 ; Anin-

■
Decoloration prive

of color]. The operation of disi barging the color of
an organic substance, usually by bleaching or by
ation through animal charcoal.

Decolorize [de-kul'-or-iz\ [decolorare, to deprive of
or], lo remove the excess of coloring-matter
from stained histologic preparations, for purposes of
differentiation.

Decomposition [de-kom-po-zish' '-un) [decomponere, to
ompose]. The separation of the component prin-
ciples of a body, either by chemic analysis or by
putrefactive fermentation.

Decompound [de-komf -pound) [</V, away, from; com-
as, compound]. In biology, many times com-
pound, as certain leaves.

Decongestive {de-kon-jesf-tiv) [</<■, from ; re, to

bring together]. Relieving congestion.

Decortication \de-kor-tik-af -shun) [</ . from; cortex,
the bark], i. The operation of removing or stripping
the bark or husk of a plant. 2. The stripping off of
portions of the cortical substance of the brain from the
summits of the gyri. This lesion is often witnessed in
post-mortem examinations of the brain after death
from paretic dementia, and is partly due to the ab-
normal adhesion of the gray matter to the meninges.

Decrepit [de-krep/ -it) \decrepitus, old]. Broken down
with age.

Decrepitation [de-krep-it-a' '-shun) [decrepitare, to
crackle]. The crackling noise made by certain
crystalline bodies when their water of crystallization
is driven off by heat. It is caused by the conversion
of the imprisoned water into steam.

Decrepitude {de-krep1 '-it-ud) [decrepitus, decrepit].
The state of being decrepit ; senility; the feebleness
of old age.

Decrescent (de-kres' '-ent) [decrescere, to decrease]. In
biology, gradually tapering or diminishing from below
upward.

Decubitus [de-kuf -bit-us) [decumbere, to lie down]. A
term denoting a recumbent or horizontal position.
Also, the position of a sick person while in bed. D.,
Acute, a form of bed sore, sometimes seen in con-
nection with cerebral lesions.

Decumbent [de-kum' '-bent) [</<•, down ; cumbere, to
lie]. In biology, bent to one side; reclining.

Decurrent [de-kur' -ent) \de, down ; currere, to run].
In biology, applied to leaves that are prolonged down
the side of the stem below the point of their insertion.

Decussate [de-kus'-at) \decussatus, cross]. In biology,
arranged in pairs that successively cross each other.
To intersect. A term applied to nerve-fibers and to
muscle libers that interlace.

Decussatio {de-kus-a* '-she-o) [L.]. A crossing. D.
pontinalis, in the pons, a decussation of tegmental
fibers from the thalamus.

Decussation [de-kus-a' -shun) [decussatio, a crossing].
A chiasma or X shaped crossing, especially of nerves,
or of nerve-filaments. Theprincipal decussations are
that of the optic nerve, and that of the pyramids : i. e.,
of tin- anterior pyramids of the oblongata.

Decussorium [de-kus-of -re-um) [I-]. An instrument
tor depressing the dura after tin- operation of trephin
ing, so as to facilitate the removal of pus, blood, or

r .nil il effusions.
Dedentition [de-den-tishf-un) [</-. down; dens, a

tooth]. Tin- shedding of the teeth, especially the

mil!-, teeth.
Dedolation (ded-o-la' '-shun) [dedolatio, a hewing off ].

'flu- removal of a slice by cutting; a wound by which

Deduplication [de-du-plik-a' '-shun) \deduplicare, to

dh to]. In biology, the same as Ckorisis, a. t.

Deelinae Oleum. A highly refined petroleum oil manu-

DEEMETINIZE

357

I'l GRADA'J [ON

factured on the Dee River. It is said to be valuable
as a local application in eczema, etc. I'nof.

Deemetinize [de-em-et' -in-lz). To deprive ipecacuanha
of its emetic principle, emetin.

Deep (</(/') [ M K. ,</</>■ ]. Not superficial ; nol situated
near the surface. See Profundus. D. Reflexes.
Reflex* r, Table of. D. Water, water obtained from a
porous substance beneath the first impervious stratum.

Deer-berry (dlr'-ber-e). A popular name for Gaultheria
procumbens.

Defatigatio {de-fat-ig-a' 'sAe-o) ['••]■ ( >ver-fatigue ;
overstrain, as of the heart-muscle. D. mentis, brain-fag.

Defecation [def-ek-a' 'shun) | , to separate from

the dregs]. The evacuation of the bowels, or dis
charge of feces.

Defect [de-feet') [defectum, a failure]. A lack or fail-
ure ; absence of any part or organ ; absence or failure
of a normal function.

Defemination [de-fetn in-a'-shun). See Eviration.

Defensive Proteids. Hankin's name for those sub-
stances formed in the bodies of animals that render
them immune to certain diseases. See also Sozin,
Phylaxin, Mycosozin, Toxosozin, Mycophylaxin, Toxo-
phy toxin, Alexin.

Deferent [def'-er-ent) [deferens, carrying away]. Car-
rying away or down ; efferent. See / as.

Deferentitis [def-er-en-ti'-tis) [deferens, carrying away;
irir, inflammation]. Inflammation of a vas deferens.

Defervescence [de-fer-ves' -ens) [defervescere, to cease
boiling]. A term applied to periods during the course
of fevers in which the temperature falls.

Defibrillation [de-fi-bril-a' '-shun) [de, from; fibrilla,
a small fiber]. The tearing of the brain-substance in
the direction of the least resistance, in order to make
cleavage-preparations.

Defibrination {de-fi-brin-a' '-shun') [de, from ; fibra, a
fiber]. The removal of fibrin from blood or lymph.

Definition (def-in-ish'-un) [definitio; definire, to bound
by limits]. In optics, the power of an object-glass to
show clear outlines of area or structure, free from ab-
erration or distortion.

Defixus {de-fiks' '-us) [defigere, to fasten]. Impotent;
sexually powerless ; an old term based upon the idea
of a spell wrought by an enemy being the cause of
the condition indicated.

Deflagration [def-lag-ra* '-shun) [deflagrare, to be con-
sumed]. A sudden, violent combustion, such as
accompanies the oxidation of certain inorganic sub-
stances by mixing with an easily decomposing salt,
such as the alkaline chlorates and nitrates.

Deflex [de-fleks') [deflexus, to turn aside]. In biology,
to bend down.

Deflorate [de-flof -rat) [defloratus, to deprive of flow-
ers]. In biology, said of a plant or anther that has
lost its pollen or flowers, or is past the flowering state.

Defloration {def-lo-ra' -shun) [de, from ; flora, a
flower]. On the part of the female the first sexual
connection effected by consent, not by rape. The loss
of those marks or features that indicate virginity, as
rupture of the hymen.

Defluvium capillorum {de-flu' -ve-um kap-il-or'-um).
Synonym of Alopecia simplex.

Defluxion [de-fluk' -shun) [defluxio ; d. . down ; // .
to flow]. I. A catarrh ; a descent of the humors or
secretions. 2. A rapid falling, as of the hair or eye-
brows.

Defcedatio unguium (de-fe-da'-she-o un'-gwe-um) [1..,
" Fouling of the nails "]. Excessive thickness, with
foul appearance of the nails, which often Income partly
detached from the matrix.

Defoliate [de-f/ -le-at) [afepriv.; folium, a leaf]. To de-
stroy the leaves of a plant, or to cause them to drop oft.

Deforestation [di for-es-ta'-shun) [de, down ; foresta,
a forest]. The stripping of a country or district of
its forests, a process that has a direct in' .pun

tin public health for good or for evil.

Deformation gure

or distort]. A process by which the body or an) ol
its p [uires an abnormal sha

Deformity [de form'-it-e) [deform/las, a deformity].
Abnormal shape or structure of a bod)- or any j
D., Anterior. See Lora

Defunctionalization {de-funk-shun-al-iz-a'-shun). Fail-
ure or deprival of a function.

Degasify iz'-if-i) [</<• priv. ; gas]. To expel

from wood, coal-tar or other substance all moisture
and gaseous material, by means of the application of
heat.

Degener's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Degeneration [de-jen-er-a' '-shun) [degenerare, to differ
from ancestors]. Deterioration, degradation, or retro-
gression of the molecular or cellular structure of a
tissue, organ, or cell, so that it can no longer maintain
its function ; passage from an anastate to a catastate,
or from one catastate to a lower one. Atrophy
form of degeneration. D., Amyloid or D., Albu-
minoid, now regarded as an infiltration from without,
and not as a degeneration of the proper cells and
libers. See Albuminoid Disease. D., Ascending,
that which takes place in centripetal fibers after a de-
structive lesion of the spinal cord. D., Atheromatous.
See Endarteritis, Chronic. D., Black. Synonym of
Melanosis and of Anthracosis. D., Calcareous, the
deposition of insoluble compounds of calcium and
magnesium within the tissues. Caseation. See Casea-
tion. Cloudy Swelling. See Cloudy Swelling. D.,
Colloid, akin to mucoid, the disorganized material
becoming of a structureless, semi-solid, jelly-like con-
sistence. D., Descending, that which takes place
in the centrifugal fibers of the cord after a destructive
lesion between the central cortex and the anterior
nerve-roots. D., Fatty, the conversion of the proteids
of a cell or fiber into oil. D., Fibroid, the substi-
tution of fibrous for a higher grade of tissue. D.,
Glassy, the halo-granular change of the heart-muscle
seen in fevers. D., Gray, in nervous tissue a de-
generation due to chronic inflammation, and charac-
terized by the production of a gray color. D.,
Hyaline, the disorganized tissue becomes shining
and translucent. D., Ffydropsic, a form of de-
generation in which the degenerating cells imbibe
large quantities of water. D., Lardaceous. See
Albuminoid Disease. D., Mucoid, hyper-secretion
followed by disorganization of the mucus-cells. D.,
Reaction of. See Reaction of Degeneration. D.,
Senile, the widely disseminated degenerative changes,
largely fibroid in character, that mark old age. D.,
System, degeneration of a system of fibers, in i
tradistinction to insular or scattered degeneration.
D , Waxy. See . ilbuminoid Disc,/ .-.-. D., Zenker's.
Same as /•>., Gla

Deglutable [deg-luf '-a-bl) [ . a swallowing;

ME., able, capable]. Capable of swallowing, "or of
being swallowed.

Deglutitio impedita [de-glu-tisli' -e-o im-te-di' -tah).
Synonym of Dysph \

Deglutition [deg-lu-tish'-un) [deglutitio, a swallowing] .
The act of swallowing.

Degmus (deg'-mus) [dfjyfi6(, a sting; pain]. A
gnawing pain in tin; stomach.

Degradation id-a'-shun) [degradatio, a des

by steps]. ( Iradual physiologic and histologic change
for the worse ; degeneration ; retrograde metamor-
phosis.

RAS

DEI 1KUM

Degras

Degrease remove fat,

the pre] i skeleti

Degreasing ■ ■ l ■ . Renun ing

tli
Degree ] Position

in . The unit- or intervals o(

th< r timonial

ther college.
1 1 1 i circle.

Degut '1 or tar. See B

Dehio's Method. \ method ol outlining the stomach.

te quan-

titi ' ■" '!>

limit of flatness against

i i> outlined. I lie

weight will not

us, while in i

pid and > t ible.

pe ]. In bi-

■ the splitting open of

len, of antheridi Tree

to shed their spore-,

»hed theii tc.

Dehiscence , to gape or

vn]. Ii. d ihiscing or -plating

Dehorn from; ME., horn\. To deprive

Dehumanizatior. iun) [</e, from;

lumanj. I. of the proper char-

if humanity, either by insane persons, or

-apposed loss of some

■ human species; as in the

iccine viru-.

/Jration . away from ; vdup

. al of water from
mi reviously to clearing and

•lute alcohol is generally

•pecial cases in which alcohol

■ cent, alcohol will answer if

the clearing-agent, and

a ith celloidin sections. It is

Deiters' Cells. ' ertain cellular structures between the

i of < 'orti. Also certain
nu it the ii: m of the fibers of the

I'eiters' Cells (spider
iei ially in that
D. Nucleus, a nucleus lying
;'.ar tract of the medulla
Nu leus
D. Process, the process of a nerve-
iinder.
Dejection : ,/ , down ; fa

r excremen-
1. Also, a

ctiones nigrae ) [L.].

Dekagram .,n%

De;

Dekameter vr.

Del Toro's Operation. 0f.

Delaficld's Hematoxylin. - ains.

Delagarde's Operation

Dclaminatu. lamina,

a '' ■ ie split-

De li Rues Method ring carminic

I
tate th- nbic acetate slightly acidulated

with acetic add, can- being taken not to add an excess
ol the lead. Wash the precipitate with distilled water
until the wash water ceases to give a precipitate with
mercuric chlorid ; then decompose it with hydrogen
sulphid; tiller, evaporate the filtrate to a syrupy con-
sistence on a water-bath, and dry; extract the dark-
purple product with alcohol, which dissolves out the
:iiiiic acid. See Stains, Table of.
Delayed Symptoms. A term used as a synonym of

Deleterious [del-et-ef-re-us) \6tihfHipun, , hurtful]. Hurt-
ful, injurious.

Delffs' Tests. See Tests, Tail

Delhi Boil {del' -he boil). See Furunculus orientalis.

Delicate [del'-ik-ai) \delicatus, delicati | I u a refined
constitution, feeble. In acondition of poor health.

Deligation [del-ig-a' -shun\ \deligatio, a binding]. Li-
gation, as of an artery ; bandaging, as of a wound.

De Lignerolle's Operation. See Operations, Table

Deliquescence [del-ik-wesf -ens\ [deliquescere, to melt

away]. The breaking down as a result of the ab-

sorption of water from the atmosphere, characteristic

of certain substances. Such substances are said to be

roseopic.

Deliquescent [del-ik-wes/-ent) [deliauescere, to melt
away]. In biology, dissolving ; applied to a stem that
divides into branches.

Deliquium [del-ikr -we-um) [!->■]■ An absence. D.
animi. I. failure of the mind ; mental decay ; melan-
choly; lownessof the spirits. 2. Syncope or fainting.

Delirament [de-lir1 '-am-ent) \deliramentum, delirium].
1 >elirium.

Deliration [de-lir-a* -shun) [Deliratio, delirium]. De-
lirium.

Deliriant [de-lir1 '-e-ant) \de, out of; lira, the furrow].
An agent that acts on the brain, so as to disorder the
mental faculties and produce confusion of will-power.

Delirifacient [de-lir-e-fa' '-she-ent ) [delirium, delirium ;
facere, to make]. Producing delirium.

Delirious [de-lir' '-e-us) [delirus, mad, raving]. Af-
fected with delirium ; wandering in mind.

Delirium [de-lirf -e-um) [delirium, madness], A dis-
turbance of the cerebral functions manifested by im
paired action of the nerve-centers, characterized by
hallucinations, an incoherence of Speech, a staggering
gait, etc. D., Alcoholic. See D. tremens. D.
ambitiosum, a condition of boastfulness that is some-
times manifest in the course of paretic dementia. D.
cordis, a peculiar condition of the myocardium re-
sulting when chloroform vapor is administered above
a certain point of concentration. The myocardium
fails to contract and rapidly becomes insensitive to
stimulation, being thrown only into fibrillary contrac-
tion. A heart once so dilated beyond the point oi li-
ability to re-contract never recovers, and death results.
D. ebrositatis. See D. tremens. D., Febrile,
the delirium 1 D. furibundum, acute ma-

nia. D. of Grandeur, delirium ambitiosum. D.
mussitans, low, muttering delirium. D. nervosum,
the delirium following severe surgical operations, or
injuries. D. palignosticum, thai in which the pa-
tient asserts thai he has be re in a place to
which he has come for the first time. D. persecu-
tions, that in which the patient imagines himself
the object of persecution. D. potatorum, synonym
of D. tremens. D., Senile, the delirium of
dotage. D., Toxic, the delirium caused by poisons.
D. tremens, the delirium arising from alcoholic pois-
oning, and usually following some acute sickness,
overwork, or the shock consequent upon an injury
or surgical operation. It is characterized bj constant

DELITES< ENCE

:;.-,!»

DENDR1 1 [C

tremor, great exhaustion, distressing illusions and

hallucination.-. D. vigilans. See D. tr, mens.

Delitescence [del-it-es' -ens) [delitescere, to lie hid].
The sudden disappearance of inflammation by resolu-
tion. Also, the period of incubation of the virus of
contagious diseases, such a- smallpox, etc.

Delivery [de-la/ -er-e) [It., dilivrer; deliberare, to set
free]. Parturition, childbirth. D., Post-mortem,
the birth of a fetus after the death of the mother,
from an accumulation of gases in the uterine cavity.

Delomorphous [del-o-mor' -fus) [dffkoq, conspicuous;
(lopfrfj, form]. With open or conspicuous form. D.
Cells of Rollet, collections of large, oval, or angular,
well-defined, granular, reticulated, nucleated cells,
between themembrana propria and the adelomorphous
cells of the fundus glands of the gastric mucous mem-
brane. They are called, also, Parietal Cells of
Heidenhain, or Oxyntic Cells of Langley.
secretory part of the tubes is lined by cells called
Adelomorphous, Central, or Principal Cells.

Delore's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Delpech's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Delphin ( iel'-fin). Same as Delphinin.

Delphini Oleum [del-fi' '-ni o' '-le-um) [!-■]• The oil of
the common porpoise, Phocana communis. It is said
to have all the medicinal virtues of cod-liver oil,
without the disagreeable qualities of the latter.

Delphinin [del' '-fin-in) [6e\<j>iviov, larkspur], C,4 1 1 ,r>-
N02. A poisonous alkaloid from Staphisagria. See
Staphisagria.

Delphinium [delfin'-e-um). See Staphisagria.

Delphinoidin [dcl-fin-oid'-in ) [&tktyivwn>, larkspur;
eldoc, like]. An amorphous alkaloid derived from
Stavesacre.

Delphisin^/'-zlf-zw) [Stkfyivuov, larkspur], C54II4,;\',< >8.
An alkaloid of Stavesacre occurring in crystalline tuft-.

Delta {del' -tali) [Sefca, the fourth letter of the Greek
alphabet]. The vulva, from its triangular shape. D.
mesoscapulae, the triangular area at the root of the
spine of the scapula.

Deltidium [del-tidr -e-um\ [the Greek letter A, Sk"Kra\.
In biology, applied to the triangular space on a brach-
iopod shell, between the beak and the hinge.

Deltoid {del'-toid) [delta, the Greek letter A; eldoq,
likeness] . Having the shape of a delta, or a triangular
form, as the D. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of.

Delusion (de-lu' -zhun) \_de, from; lusus, play]. A
false judgment of objective things, as distinguished
from illusion and hallucination. It is the result of an
abnormal condition of the brain. A delusion may be
systematized or unsystematized, the former being the
more serious and met with in the chronically insane.

Delusional [de-lu' '-zAun-al) [deludere, to delude]. Of
the nature of a delusion ; characterized by delusions.
D. Stupor. See Insanity, Confusional.

Demarcation [de-mark-a' '-shun) [demarcare, to set the
bounds of]. A line of separation, as between gan-
grenous and healthy tissue.

Demarquay's Operation. See Operation.;. Tabl

Demembration [de-mem-bra' '-shun) [demembrare, to
deprive of a limb or limbs]. The cutting off of a
member; amputation: castration.

Dement (de/-ment) [demens, insane]. An insane per-
son ; one who is demented.

Dementia (de-men' -she-ak) [de. out of; mens, the
mind]. A mild form of insanity marked by imper-
fect conception, illogical sequence of expression, loss
of reflection, and impaired perception. There is par-
tial loss of self-control ami self-respect. Dementi;', i-
often a final stage of other forms of insanity. It is
described under the various forms of secondary,
senile, organic, and alcoholic. There is a general

atrophy of the brain -ubstance, with a compensatory
thickening of the bram membranes, and an increase
■ ■I the fluid of tin- brain and of the neuroglia.

Demersal, or Demersed [de-mer'-sal, or de-merstf)
[dtmersus, plunge into]. In biology, growing beneath
the surface of water, as the egg- ot the- catfish.

Demi- A Latin prefix denoting one-half.

Demilune Cells dm' Inn z) [demiius,hal(; luna,
moon]. See Cell. D. C. of Adamkiewicz. A. pecu-
liar form of nerve-corpuscle lying below the neuri-
lemma ol medullated nerve-fibers; il is stained yellow
by safranin. D. C. of Heidenhain. half-moon shaped
lies lying between the cell-, and the membrana
propria of the alveolus in the salivary glands.

Demimonstrosity [dem-e-mon-stros' '-it-e) [demi, half;
monstruosus, monstrous]. A variety of congenital
deformity that doe- not give rise to appreciable dis-
ler of function.

Demme, Bacillus and Micrococcus of. See Bac-
teria. Synonymatic '/'able of.

Demnia [demf-ne-ak) [fie/iviov, a bed]. In biology,

subgenital cavities found in the Discomedusw ;

they are also called respiratory cavities, genital cavi-

ties, umbrella-cavities of the reproductive organs;

infundibula subgenitalia .

Demodex (dem'-o-deks) [At}/i6c, fat; d#f, an insect].
A genus of parasitic insects. D. folliculorum, a
minute parasite found in the sebaceous follicles, par-
ticularly of the face. It probably does not produce any
symptoms, though in large numbers it may produce
acne. See Cow,,/,', also Parasites [Animal), 'Table of.

Demography ( de-mog* '-ra-fe) \ ir, the people ;
ypafeiv, to write]. The science of peoples collectively
considered; social science, including that of vital sta-
tistics and the consideration of various questions of
state medicine.

De Moivre's Hypothesis. An hypothesis that the de-
crements of population are in arithmetic proportion,
and that of every S6 persons born, one dies uniformly
every year until all are extinct.

Demonolatry [de-mon-ol' '-at-re) [Saiuuv, a demon ; Juxr-
. worship]. Insane or delusional worship of devil- ;
the morbid assumption of the character of a witch.

Demonomania (de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ah) [6ai/iwv, a devil;
fiaum, madness]. A form of madness in which a
person imagines himself possessed of a devil.

Demonomaniac [de-mo-no-ma/-ne-ak) [fiaiuwv, a
devil ; fiavia, madness]. One who suffers with demo-
nomania.

Demonopathy [de-mon-op' -a-the) [ Sal/iuv, a demon ;
. disease]. Same as Demonomania.

Demonstrator [dem' ' -on-stra-tor) [ demonstrare, to
show]. One who instructs in the practical application
of the arts and scien

De Morgan's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Demours, Membrane of. See Descemet ' s Membrane.

Demulcent [de-mul' '-sent) [demulcere, to smooth]. I
Soothing; locally softening and lenitive. 2. Any
substance that protect- the mucous membranes. It i-
generally of a mucilaginous nature.

Demutization [de-mu-tiz-a' -shun) [de, not; .mutus,
dumb]. The education of deaf-mutes to speak and
to understand spoken language by the movement of
the lips, -igns, etc.

Denan's Operation. See Operations. Table of.

Denarcotized [de-nar4 '-ko-Rzd) [de, priv.; vapnun
narcotic]. Having the narcotin removed, as opium.

Dendritic, or Dendroid (den-drit'-ik, or den'-droid)
[Set . i tree]. Tree-like or

arborescent. The arrangement of the structures that
make up the arbor -'it,,- of the cerebellum, or that of
the uterus, is dendritic.

DENDRi II 1

360

DEN1 ES

Dendrocelus

belly 1. In biology, ba\ inched inti »l

Dendrodentine

ith- tissue]. In biology, a tooth-tissue
the blending of the dentine, enamel, and
cement of many teeth.

Dendrostylc .tree;

pillar] In gy, Huxley's term tor the stalk ol

the tin hydj

Denecke, Spirillum of.
Dengue >'• ■ Ind.] \ zymotic dis

mittent fever, but much more
king pain in the head
Lin in th -. arthra]

tarrhal inflammation of those mucous surfaces that
. to tlu . illen salivary glands and
nu nymatic .

Denidation priv. ; nidus, a nest] .

I luring involution after pregnancy, the process of dis-
inp . the superficial portion of

the uterine mu<
Denis's Plasmin. A precipitate of uncoagulated Mood

with ted with sodic chlorid.

Denneth's System. atment, Methods of.

Dennis's Operation. See Operati ns, Tabh
Denonvillier's Operation. See Operation*, Tabic of.
De nov. [' ••]• Anew.

Dens [1. .:/>/.. D ntes~\. A tooth. See Teeth.

Density [den'-sit | \densilas, thickness] . Closeness;
mess, lu electro-therapeutics, the amount of
electricity accumulated on a unit of surface.
Dent I 1 r.]. A tooth.

Dentagra ien-taf -grah) [dens, a tooth; >i]pa, a seizure],
i The a instrument for extracting teeth ;

a tooth- forceps. 2. The term is also applied to tooth-
acb
Dental ns, a tooth : sv//., Dentis\ Pertain-

g to tlit- teeth. D. Apparatus, the teeth, together
with the alveoli in which they are implanted, and the
jaw if artificial teeth. The instruments and

ap; d in dental operations are like wis

D. Arches, ai The ari

teeth when arranged in their sockets in

the ;, or tin- arch formed by the alveolar

ich jaw. D. Arteries, the arteries supply-

''. D. Atrophy,

5< .', fhy of the Teeth. D. Bone,

irtofatooth. D. Canals, the

ill, and give passagi

tli'' t enter the teeth at the

exi ('mi, il. D. Caries,

th. D. Cavity, cavitas pulpae ; cavum

tale. The pulp- cavity. The cavity

ital pulp in tl .r ol' a tooth.

It- thai ..I :i ; it i, larger in

than in old, and v. teeth suffi i

r from me< banical orspon-

times 1" impletely ob-

D. Engine, a

[870, bul 1111

' I the

I drills. It i- like a dental

lai

n. By 1 nts

ight

rlj forty-fii

ntal
I J Excavator, an instrum

D. Exostosi

ptosis of the Teeth. D. File, a file manufactured
for operations on the teeth. See File, Dental. D.
Forceps. See Forceps tor Extracting Teeth. D.
Glands. See Gland. D. Groove, a furrow on the
lower border of the upper jaw early in fetal life, in
which tin- teeth are developed. D. Laboratory, a
room or place where the operations connected with
mechanical dentistry are performed. D. Necrosis,
odontonecrosis. See A'..- tis of the Teeth. D. Neu-
ralgia, a form of neuralgia the immediate exciting
cause of which is ow ing 1 < > some disease ol the • U nt.il
pulp. See Odontalgia. D. Organism, the organism
of the teeth; the organic structure of the-.,- organs;
the vital forces that govern them. D. Orthopedia,
the art of correcting deformity occasioned by irregular-
ity of the teeth, or other causes. See Irregularity of
the 'Teeth. D. Pathology, considers the causes and
different forms of the various diseases to which the teeth
are liable. D. Periostitis, periostitis dentium. In-
flammation of the dental periosteum or peridental
membrane. See Odontalgia, and Periodontitis. D.
Pulp, a soft, vascular, and highly sensitive sub-
stance, of a reddish -gray color, occupying the cavity of a
living tooth. It also constitutes the rudiment of a tooth.
The dental pulp is the principal blood-supply and
nerve-supply of the dentine. D. Pulp. Destruction
of; there are two nu-thods of destroying the pulp; one
by an operation, such as the use of a barbed brooch ;
the other by the application of some devitalizing agent,
as arsenious acid. D. Ridges, the projecting borders
of the primitive dental groove. D. Sac, the sac that
encloses the developing tooth in the embryo. D.
Surgeon (chirurgien dentiste), surgeon-dentist, one
who devotes himself to the study and treatment of the
diseases of the teeth, and their connections, and the
adoption of substitutes for them wlun, by age, a< cident
or disease, they are lost. D. Therapeutics, con-
siders the methods and medicaments used in the tl
ment of diseases of the teeth. D. tubuli, the tubes
occurring in the structure of the dentine.

Dentalgia (den-tal'-je-ah) [dens, tooth; aXyoc, pain].
Tooth-ache.

Dentalis lapis (den-ta'-lis la'fis) [L.]. Salivary cal-
culus ; tartar of the teeth.

Dentaphone [den' -taf-on) [dens, tooth ; <puvfi, sound].
A modification of the audiphone, </. v., by means ,,f
which the sound waves are transmitted through the
bones of the head to the auditory apparatus.

Dentarpaga {den-tar' '-pa-gah) [dens, tooth;

hook]. An instrument for the extraction of teeth,

Dentate (den/-ldt) \_</ens, a tooth]. In biology, ap-
plied to leavi -. wings, or other Rattened organs that
have their margins provided with acute teeth that point
directly outward from the margin.

Dentatum [den ta/-tum) [!-]■ The dentate nucleus
of the cerebellum. D. olivae. See Dentoliva.

Dentes [den' to 1 [ I ... tin- plural of dens\ Teeth.

'//. D. acuti, tin- incisor teeth. D. adulti, the
teeth of second dentition. D. adversi, the inci

teeth. D. angulares, the canine 01 CUSpid teeth, 50

called, probably, because they are situated at the an-
gles of the alveolar arch, at the corners of the mouth,
or from the angular shape of their crowns. D. bicus-
pidati, bicuspid teeth. D. canini, the cuspid 01
nim 1 1 from their resemblam e to the

1I1 of a dog. D. cariosi, carious teeth, D. colum-
ellares. the molar teeth. D. cuspidati, cuspid teeth.
D. exserti | . to thrust out], teeth that

projei 1 or are in front of the dental arch, but applied
more particularly to the cuspidati. D. incisores, in-
D. lactei, the milk, temporary, or de
cidi Deciduous Teeth. D. molares,

DF.NTieri.ATK

:?i;i

hi NUDA I T.

molar teeth. D. primores, Incisors. Canine.

the incisor teeth ; so called

because they o< cupj the front

or anterior part of the dental

arch. D. sapientiae, the

wisdom teeth. A name i;iven

to the third molar tooth of

each hall of tin- jaws. D.

tomici [ (omit us, cutting], the

incisor teeth.
Denticulate (den - tik' - it - lot)

[denticulus, a small tooth].

In biology, having minute

dentations. Furnished with

small teeth.
Denticulus (den - tik' u - his)

[I..]. A little tooth.
Dentier (don(g)-te-a') [Fr.]. A

French word signifying a

base of metal, ivory or any

other substance, employed as

a support or attachment for

artificial teeth. The term is

also sometimes applied to a

set of artificial teeth.
Dentification (den - tif- ik ■ a'-

shun) [dens, a tooth; facere, to make]. The forma-
tion of teeth.

Incisors. Canine. Milk molars.

Bicuspids

Molars

■ in tooth.

The Teeth of an Adui.t.
The top section of illustration is the upper set, and the bottom is the lower set.

The Temporary Teeth.

The top section of illustration is the upper set, and

the bottom section is the lower set.

Dentiform (denf -tif-onri) [dens, a tooth ; forma, shape].
In biology, tooth-like.

Dentifrice (den' '-tif-ris) [dens, tooth ; fricere, to rub].
A substance used for cleansing the teeth.

Dentigerous (den-ii ' [dens, a tooth; gerere,

to carry]. In biology, bearing teeth.

Dentinal (den' '-tin-al) [dens, a tooth]. Pertaining to
or composed of dentine.

Dentinalgia (den-tin-aV -je-aJC) [dens, a tooth ; a
pain]. Pain in dentine.

Dentine (den' -/in) [dens, a tooth]. The bony structure
of the tooth, lying under the enamel of the crown
and the pericementum of the root. D., Sensitive-
ness of, a hypersensitive condition of the dentine
tooth, occasioned by distal irritation of the dentinal
fibrils. See Sensitive Den/ in .

Dentinitis (den-tin-V-tis) [dens, a tooth ; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the dentinal fibrils.

Dentiphone (denf-tif-6n | [dens, a tooth ; <>'.>ei;, a voice].
A form of audiphone in which the vibrating disc i-
attached to the teeth.

Dentist (den'-tist) [dens, a tooth]. Dentista : odontia-

ter ; a dental surgeon.

See Dental Surgeon.

Dentistry (den'-tis-tre) [dens, a tooth]. < 'dontotechny ;
odontiatria ; odontotherapia ; dental surgery, embrac-
ing everything pertaining to the treatment and re-
placement of the loss of the natural teeth.

Dentitio (den-tishf -e-6) [L.]. Dentition.

Dentition (den-tiskr -un) [dens, a tooth]. The cutting
or first appearance of the teeth in infancy. Also, the
arrangement and evolution of the teeth. Dentition is
primary, that is, the cutting of the temporary or milk
teeth, and secondary, or that of the permanent teeth.
There are always some vague symptoms associated
with the process, such as fretfulness, u-tlessness, con-
vulsions, diarrhea, painful and swollen gum, which
may be relieved by lancing over the protruding
tooth.

Dentium (den' '-she-uni) [L.: gen. of Dentii~\. < >f the
teeth. D. cavernse, the sockets of the teeth. D.
cortex, the enamel of the teeth. D. dolor, pain in
the teeth ; tooth-ache. D. nitor, enamel of the teeth.
D. scalptura, lancing of the «uiib. D. vacillantia,
looseness of the teeth.

Demography (den-tog* -ra-fe) [dens, a tooth; ;
a description]. A description of teeth.

Dentoliva (den -to/' ' -iv-ah) [dens, a tooth ; oliva, an
olive]. Dentatum olivse ; olivary nucleus; a capsule
of cinerea within the oliva of the brain.

Dentology (den-tol' -o-je) [dens, a tooth ; Myog, science].
A treatise on the teeth.

Dentonomy (den-ton' -o-me) [dens, a tooth ; vS/iog, a
law]. The arrangement of the teeth into classes.

Dentos (den'-tos) [dens, tooth; os, bone]. Tooth-
bone ; tooth substance.

Dentrification (den-trif-ik-a'-shun) [dens, a tooth;
facere, to make]. The deposition of lime salts on the
enamel and dentine of the teeth.

Dents (dahnt) [Fr.]. Teeth. D. bicuspidees. the
bicuspid teeth. D. coldes, neck of the teeth. D.
canides, the canine teeth. D. de lait, the milk or
temporary teeth. D. machelures. the molar teeth.
D. molares, the molar teeth. D. multicuspidees,
the large molar teeth. D. ceilleries, canine teeth.

Denture (den'-chur) [dens, a tooth]. A complet
of teeth; the whole assemblage of teeth in both
jaws.

Denudate (denr-u-dat) [denudare, to strip]. In bi-
ology, lacking covering, as scales, hair, foliage.

I'l \l DING

s»

DERENCEPHALOCEI.E

Denuding [den nudare, to denude]. \

stripping .>r making lure. D. of the Teeth, anal
tion tint consists in the gradual destruction ol the
enamel of tin- antei abial surfaces "t the inci-

~. cuspidati, and sometimes of the bicuspids; the
molars 1 by it.

Denutrition om ; nutriare, to

nourish]. The breaking down "r atrophy >>t' tissue
arising from nutrition. Hie opposite <>t nutri-

tion.

Deobstruent »m ; obstruere, to

struct]. A d thai removes functional ob-

>tru aperient.

Deodan : . to give]. A

tine formerly in. i an inanimate thing or animal

th.it had caused the injury ..r violent death ofaperson.

Deodorant ' ire, to smell].

A substance that rei - offensive odi

Deodorizer \de priv. ; odorare, to

smell]. \ d< "I": Qt; a substance that de-

:nsive o

Deontology ) [Aim-, right, binding ; /

j. The of duty. D., Medical, medi-

Deoppilant. or Deoppilative [de-op* -il-ant, or de-op-
. from; fpilare, to stop]. I. Deob-
stru rient. 2. An aperient medicine.

Deorsum I .]. Downward. D. vergens.

Deossification ;hun) [de , away ; ar,bone;

. to do]. The absorption of bony material ; the
rivation of any part of its bony character.
Deoxidation [de-oks-id-a* -shun) [de, from ; oxidatus,
having oxygen]. In chemistry, the separation of an
pound from the oxygen held in com-
bination. Reduction.
Deozonize [de-o'-zon-iz) [de, from; b^eiv, to smell].

if ozone.

Depauperate -o'-per-df) [de, intensive; pauper,

or] 1. I'i render poor; to pauperize; to im-

rerish. 2. Impoverished; ill-nourished; under-

:. and under- grown.

Depilation (dep-il-a' -shun) [depilatio, removal of hair].

removal of hairs.
Depilate: ■' -a-tor) [depilare, to remove the hair].

An instrument for pulling out the hair.
Depilatory t pit' ' -at-or-e) [de, from; pilits, the hair],
i I laving the power to remove the hair. 2. A sub-
troy the hair, usually a caustic al-
kali.
Deplethoric [de-pleth' '-or-ik) [de priv; irlridapTi, ple-

:]. Marked by absence of plethora.
Depletion tun) [deplere, to empty]. The

of diminishing the quantity of any tissue or
tluid of tin- body, especially the blood. It may be

1 by venesection and purg-
ing, cupping, or scarifi

Depletive, Depletory [de-ple* -Hv , de-ple* -tor-e) [dep

tnpty]. 1 or tending toward depletion.

Deplumatiot down, off; pluma,

■
Depolarization tn). Destruction of

n of the opposite pol(

mbination of
d by means of a

Deposit . 1 , place], A

'i held in suspen-
normal matter in any

Deposition [de-po-zish'-nn). See Couching.

Depositive [de-pot? '-it-iv) [deponere, to lay aside].
Tending to or characterized by a morbid deposit ;
exudatix

Depravation [dep-rav-a1 'shun) [depravare, to vitiate].
A deterioration or morbid change in the secretions,
tissues, or functions of the body.

Depressant [de-pres1 '-ant) [deprimere, to press down].
A medicine that retards or depresses the physiologic
action of an organ. A sedative. D., Cardiac, one
that lowers the action of the heart. D., Cerebral,
one that arrests the functions of the cerebrum. D.,
Motor, one that lowers the activity of the spinal cord
and motor apparatus.

Depressio [de-pres* -e-o) [L.]. A depressing. D.
cataractae. Synonym of Couching.

Depression [de-presh* -un) [depressio; deprimere, to
depress]. In anatomy, a hollow, or fossa. In sur-
gery, displacement inward of the skull, often giving
rise to pressure on the brain. D. and Elevation,
one of the Swedish movements, either excentric or
concentric, in which, while the part is being raised or
depressed, resistance is made by the patient or operator.
Depressions, Pacchionian. The depressions on the
internal surface of the parietal bone that lodge the
Pacchionian bodies.

Depressor [de-pres* -or) [depri?nere, to depress]. A
name given to a muscle or an instrument that de-
presses. See Museles, Table of. D. Fibers. See
Pressor. D. of Sims, an instrument lor holding back
the vaginal wall during exploration with the speculum.
D., Tongue, an instrument for depressing the tongue
in order to examine the throat.

Deprimens [dep*-rim-enz) [I.. ]. I. Depressing ; press-
ing down. 2. A depressing muscle. D. auriculae,
the retrahens amis muscle. D. oculi, the rectus in-
ferior of the eye. See Muscles, Table of.

Deprived Classes. Those persons collectively who
have lost or are without their reason or any one of
the special senses.

Depurant [dep* -u-rant\ [depurare, to purify]. I.
Purifying; cleansing. 2. A medicine that purifies
the animal economy.

Depurative [dep* -u-ra-tiv) , or Depuratory [dep*-u-ra-
tor-e) \_di purare, to purify]. Purifying or cleansing.
D. Liver, same as Amyloid Liver.

Depurator [dep* -u-ra-tor) [depurare, to purify]. A
medicine or a device for promoting a depuratory pro-
cess.

DeR. A contraction and symbol of the term Reaction
of Degeneration, </. v.

Deradelphus [der-ad-el* -fus) [df/07, neck; arfeJ
brother]. A monocephalic dual monstrosity, with
fusion of the bodies above the umbilicus, and with
four lower extremities, and three or four upper.

Deradenitis [der-ad-en-i* -tis) [diptj, neck; Adfyv, a
gland ; /nr, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
glands of the neck.

Deradenoncus [der-ad-en-ong* -kus) \f>P'i, neck ; arf^v,
gland; mass]. A swelling of a gland of the

neck ; a swollen gland of the neck.

Deranencephalia [der-an-en-sef-a* -le-ak) [iipq, neck ;
av priv.; I •!,: i>u'/i,i . brain]. Teratism marked by
absence of the head and brain, the neck being present.

Derangement [de r&nj* ment). See Insanity.

Derbyshire Neck [der* '-be-shir nek). See Goiter.

Derencephalia [der-en-sef-a* -le-ah) [Skpq, neck ;
• in/ in]. The condition of being derencepha-

lous ; teratii absence ol cranium, the vestiges of the
brain being enclosed in the cervical vertebrae.

Derencephalocele [der-en I) [Sipjf, neck;

/, ml hi'/ i». b rain ; Kijkri, rumor]. A protrusion of the

DEREXCKPHAI.OUS

36!{

DERMATITIS

brain through a split in one or mure of the cervical
vertebrae.

Derencephalous (der-en-sef '-al-us) [tiipy, neck ; i
<f>aAoc, brain]. Affected with derencephalia ; of the
nature of derencephalus.

Derencephalus {der-en-sef -al-us) \6kprf, neck;
,,ii'/nr, brain]. A variety of single autositic monsters
of the species anencephalus, in which the bones of the
cranial vault are rudimentary, the posterior portion of
the occiput absent, and the upper cervical veil,
bifid, the brain resting in them.

DeRheim's Plaster. A celebrated plaster for chilblains,
made as follows: Capsicum pods 3jj, strong alcohol,
~ ij ; macerate several days, then add mucilage of
acacia 5 ij. Stir well and brush over sheets of silk
or tissue paper, and apply like court-plaster to the
unbroken chilblain.

Derivant [der^-iv-ant) \derivare, to derive]. 1. Deriv-
ative; revulsive. 2. A derivative medicine or appli-
cation.

Derivate {<{••>■' -iv-at) \derivare, to derive]. In chemistry,
a substance that is derived from another.

Derivation (der-iv-a'-sfturi) \derivare, to derive]. 1.
Derivative action ; the drawing away of a morbid
process from one part to another ; revulsive treatment.
2. The supposed suctional power of the heart, or the
effect of that power upon the circulation. D. Wire,
in an electric battery a wire connecting two points in
a closed circuit.

Derivative (de-riv* -at-iv) [derivare, to turn aside a
Strjam], Diverting or drawing a morbid process from
its .-eat ; revulsive.

Derm. See Derma.

Derma [der'-mah) \Sepua, the skin]. The skin. The
true skin. See Cutis.

Dermad [der'-mad) \6tpp.a, the skin; ad, to]. Ex-
ternally; toward the skin ; ectad.

Dermagra [der-ma/ -graft). See Dermatagra.

Dermal {der'-mal) [dip pa, the skin]. Pertaining to the
skin.

Dermalaxia [der-mal-aksf-e-ah) \6eppa, skin ; pa),a^ia,
softness]. Morbid softening of the skin.

Dermalgia {der-maP '-je-ah). See Dermatalgia.

Dermanoplasty {der-man' -o-plas-te) \fkpua, skin ;
ura-r'/.darrnv, to form anew]. Skin-transplantation ;
skin-grafting; a method of plastic surgery, in which
a piece of the whole thickness of the skin is entirely
removed from one part and transferred to another
distant part to fill up a gap.

Dermanyssus (der-man-iP-us) [dtppa, skin ; vraaetv,
to prick]. A genus of itch-mites. D. avium is a
species found on birds and sometimes on the human
subject.

Dermapostasis {der-map-os' -tas-is) \fifpiia, skin ; citcog-
raaiq, a falling away]. Any skin-disease dependent
upon some constitutional disorder, and marked by
metastatic dermal deposits.

Dermatagra [der-mat-a' -graft) [dippa, skin; a} pa,
seizure]. See Pellagra.

Dermatalgia [der-mat-al' '-je-aft) \_6kpaa, skin; akyoq,
pain]. Neuralgia of the skin. Rheumatism of the
skin. Pain in the skin not due to anv structural change

J O

in it.

Dermatauxe (der-mat-awks/-e) \6kppn, skin ; av;rj,
augmentation]. Thickening or hypertrophy of the
skin.

Dermatic (der-mat' -ik) [Aep part hoc, pertaining to the
skin]. I. Relating to the skin. 2. A remedy for
diseases of the skin.

Dermatitis [der-mat-i' '-tis) \8kppa, skin; trie, inflam-
mation]. A generic term used to designate an ill-de-
fined and extensive group of symptomatic inflamma-

tions of the skin, characterized clinically by redness,
heat, swelling, and pain, and terminating in resolution,
suppuration, gangrene, or dhronic dermatitis. D. am-
bustionis, the- form due to burn- and scalds. D. bul-
losa. See Epidermolysis. D. calorica. Synonym
'hilblain. D. congelationis. Same as Frost-
bite D. contusiformis. See Erythema nodosum.
D. exfoliativa, an acute or chronic, general or partial,
inflammation of the -kin, in whii h the epidermis i-
shed more or less freely in large or -mall -dies. See
Pityriasis rubra. D. exfoliativa infantum vel neo-
natorum, Ritter's Disease; a severe form of exfolia-
tive inflammation of the skin, usually unattended by
fever, which begins between the second and fifth
weeks of life. About 50 per cent, of those attacked
succumb to marasmus. D. gangraenosa ; Spha
derma: gangrenous inflammation of tin- skin. It
has been observed in cases of cerebral and spinal dis-
orders, diabetes, etc. It may also be primarv in th
whose constitutions are depraved. The lesion
lir.-t reddish or purplish erythematous spots, usually
on the trunk tremities ; these vesicate, rapidly

become gangrenou-, and slough ; they are attended
by fever and constitutional disturbance. Spontaneous
recovery generally ensues with scar-formation. D.
gangraenosa infantum; Varicella gangranosa, pem-
phigus gangramosus : rupia escharotica ; a gangrenous
eruption following varicella and other pustular erup-
tions of children. It is a rare condition. If it occur
while the varicellar lesions are still present, it begins
on the head or upper part of the body, and, in-te.i
the scab being thrown oft", ulceration occurs beneath it,
and often a pustular border with a red areola is formed,
the whole resembling a vaccination-pustule. On sep-
arating, a sharp-edged, roundish or oval, conical ulcer
remains, deep or shallow. Death may result if the
lesions are numerous, and constitutional disturbance i>
always great. D. herpetiformis, an inflammatory
skin-disease of an herpetic character, the various le-
sions showing a tendency to group. It is a protean
disease, appearing as erythema, vesicles, blebs, and
pustules. Itching and burning are the most marked
symptoms. See Hydroa fterpetiforme. D., Malig-
nant, Papillary dermatitis, Paget' s disease of the nip-
ple. Carcinoma of the nipple. D. medicamentosa,
Drug-eruptions; inflammatory eruptions upon the skin
due to the action of certain drugs taken internally.
The most prominent are the following: Antifebrin
produces a kind of cyanosis; antipyrin, an erythema
that may be general or partial, but symmetric, af-
fecting the extensor aspects in preference to the flexor,
and the limbs more than the trunk ; papules, vesicles,
and bullae have been noted; arsenic produces an urti-
carial, erysipelatoid dermatitis of the face and eyelids,
a papular rash on the face, neck, and hands, herpes
zoster, and in large doses pustular, ulcerative, or gan-
grenous eruptions ; belladonna, a diffuse erythema-
tous blush and a scarlatiniform eruption ; boric acid.
an erythema; borax, psoriasis, eczema, and erythema;
bromin and bromids, pustular, erythematous, urticarial,
bullous, and squamous eruptions; cannabis indie,
vesicular eruption ; chlorate of potash, a tiery, erythema-
ton- and papular eruption, and cyanosis ; chloroform,
purpuric -pots; chloral hydrate, erythema, scarlatini-
form, bullous, erysipelatous eruptions; ckloralamid,
scarlatiniform; cftrysarobin, erythema, vesicles ; 1
liver-oil, vesicular eruption, acne; copaiba, erythema-
tous, urticarial, papular eruption; . papular ery-
thema ; digitalis, scarlatiniform. papular erythema;
iodin and iodids. pustular, vesicular or bullous, purpuric,
erythematous, urticarial; iodoform, punctiform, papular
and erythematous ; mercury, erythematous, exfoliative

DERMATi >i:i.\

.'.til

DEUMOGKAIMIIA

dermatitis; . erythematous; ■•'■" acid,

bulK>u>, purpura; tfuinin, eczema, erythematous, ur-
urial, purpurii rlar, bullous; resin, urticaria;

imorrhagic and pustular bul

■
pustuli • rythema;

. pruritus, miliaria »•'/,

'.In -ma, purpui erj thema,

and bul ipular erythema ;

atinifom , erythema, pap-

ules, D. papillaris capillitii. Same as

D. papillomatosa cap-
illitii "''■" ; a rare

ting tin I the

in. I be lesions
i, which occasionally sup-
pui usually traversed by a hair. Ulti-

mately these unite to form extensive, irregular, hard,
wh Idish k. ing growthsfrom which a

i atrophied, firmly adherent
bail irs usually in males of middle

D. repens. a spreading dermatitis, usually fol-
ily neuritic, commencing
:ly in the upper extremities. D., Seb-
orrheic ma; a form of inflammation
the skin ted with seborrhea of the scalp,
due to the direct transference of the same pathogenic
organism from the head to the region affected. D.
traumatica, those inflammatory changes in the skin
■m traumatism. D. venenata, a term
.1 forms of inflammation of the skin pro-
du> mal irritating agencies, whether from
the animal, vegetable, or mineral kingdom. This in-
clude- the dermatitis produced by rhus-poi-oning.
Dermatobia [der-mat-o* '-be-ah) \8kppa, skin ; f3imn>, to
live]. A bot-fly of Central America, the eggs of
which are not infrequently deposited in the skin and

luce a swelling very like an ordinary boil.
Ma "i and Parasites {Animal), Table of.

Dermatogen [der-mat/-o-j'en) [dippa, skin ; yivr/g, pro-
ducing]. In biology, the layer of cells, in a young
or growing part, that is destined to become epi-
mis.
Dermatography \6kppa, skin ;

. to write], A description of the skin.
Dermatoid [der'-mat-oid) [Seppa, skin; tlrfoc, resem-

mbling skin.
Dermatokeras -kcr'-as) [dippa, skin ; Kepag,

See Cornu cuianeum.
Dermato mat-ol) [dippa, skin], C6H2(OH)

OH i .. The i bismuth, which ap

a valuable antiseptic agent. It is especi-
all . in cutaneous affections or lesions

■ tion. 1 lose internally in
ii and intestines, two drains
living antiseptic for dust-
ing
Dermatologist . ,kin ; /•

depl in the treatment of

Dermatolog. [dippa, skin ; /

in, its nature, struc-
tui treatmi at.

Dermatolys: skin ; >,>

•
ids of hypertrophied
ne< . fai • . bul
n deeply
1, indui warty. I lyper

Dermatoma

tumor: //. , Dermatomata\. Any tumor of the skin,
Or one made up of dermal elements.

Dermatomalacia {der-tnat-o-mal-a' f-se-ah) [dippa,
skin ; iHi'/.aKia, softness]. Morbid softening of the
skin.

Dermatomelasma [der-mat-o-mel-az'-mah) [dippa,
skin ; tiiXaopa, a black color], Addison's disease.

Dermatomycosis (der-mat-o-mi-it/sis) [dippa, skin ;
r. fungus]. Any skin-disease caused by a para-
sitic plant-growth.

Dermatomyoma {der-mat-o-mi-of -man) [dippa, skin ;
in,, muscle; bpa, a tumor: pi., Dermatomyomata\
Myoma seated upon or involving the skin.

Dermatoneurosis [der-mat-o-nu-ro' -sis) [dippa, skin ;
a nerve]. Any neurosis of the skin.

Dermatonosus (der-mat-on/-o-sus) [dippa, skin ; foao^,
disease]. Any skin-disease.

Dermato-pathology {der-niat-o-path-ol'-o-je) [dippa ,
skin; irddog, disease; A6yog, science]. The pathol-
ogy of the skin.

Dermatopathy [der-mat-op' '-ath-e) [dippa, skin ; Kafiot ,
disease]. Any skin-disease.

Dermatophony {der-mat-off* -o-ne) [dippa, skin ; fpavi},
sound]. The auscultation of the skin ; a process by
which, it is alleged, the sound made by the blood
in the vessels of the skin can be heard.

Dermatophyte (der'-mat-o-fit) [dippa, skin; tyvrdv, a
plant]. Any species of fungous vegetation that grows
upon the skin.

Dermatoplasty {derf -mat-o-plas-te) [dippa, skin ;
-'/(iaoeiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the skin.

Dermatorrhea [der-mat-or-ef -ah) [i)ii>pa, skin ; pola,
a flowing]. An increased secretion from the skin.

Dermatosclerosis [der-mat-o-skle-rof -sis). See Sclero-
derma.

Dermatosis [der-mat-o' '-sis) [dippa, skin ; voaoq, dis-
ease: //. Dermatoses], Any disorder or disease of the
skin. D. Kaposi. Synonym of Xeroderma pig-
mentosum.

Dermatosome [der* -mat-o-soni) [dippa, skin ; of.y/a,
body]. A thickening or knot in the equatorial region
of each spindle fiber in the process of cell-division.

Dermatospasmus {der-mat-o-spazf-mus) [dippa, skin ;
OTraoitoc,, spasm]. Cutis anserina, or goose-skin.

Dermatosyphilis {der-mat-o-siff-il-is) [dippa, skin;
Sypkiltis, a Latin proper name]. The cutaneous
manifestations of syphilis. See Syphiloderma,

Dermatotomy [der-mat-of '-o-me) [dippa, skin ; ripveiv,
to cut]. The anatomy or dissection of the skin.

Dermatozobn [der-mat-o-zof -on) [dippa, skin ; (.Ctov, an
animal: pl.Dermatozoa~\. Any animal parasitic upon
the skin.

Dermen (der'-men) [dippa, the skin]. Belonging to
the derma itself.

Dermenchysis [der-men' '-kis-is) [dippa, skin; iyxvaiq,
a pouring in]. Hypodermatic injection.

Dermepenthesis [der-mep-en' '-thes-is) [dippa, skin ;
aic, insertion]. Synonym of skin-grafting.

Dermexanthesis (der-meks-an-the'-sis) [dippa, skin;
kt-avdr/oie, eruption : />/. Dermexantheses\. Any skin-
disease marked by a rash-like eruption.

Dermic [der'-mik) [dippa, the skin]. Relating to the
skin.

Dermocyma [der-mo-si'-mah) [dippa, skin; ki'//«, the
fetus]. A form oi double n it) in which the

parasite is contained within the si in of the host.

Dermogastric {der-mo-gas'-trik) [dippa, skin; yaorf)p,
mach], In biology, applied to structures having a
ion with the skin and the stomach, as dermo-
gastric poi '

Dermographia {der mo :■ af e ak) [dippa, skin ;
ipecv, to write]. The condition observed in the so-

I)Krm<)(;raimiic

365

DESPI MAI n »N

called autographic skin ; autographism. See Urticaria
;',i, titia.

Dermographic [der-mo-graf -ik) \6kppa, skin; ypn.
to write]. Affected with dermographia. D. pseudo-
urticaria. Same as Dermographia.

Dermographism [der-mo-graf -izm) \6kppa, skin;
ypdtynv, to write]. Autographism. See Autographic
Skui and I Vticaria factitia.

Dennography [der-mog' -ra-fe) \6eppa, skin; ypouji
to write]. Dermographia; dermal autographism.

Dermohemal [der-mo-Ae'-mal) \6kpfia, skin; alfia,
blood]. In biology, applied to parts of the ventral or
hemal fins of certain fishes.

Dermoid [der'-moid). See Dermatoid. D. Cyst, a tera-
toma.

Dermology [der-mol'-o-je). See Dermato,

Dermoneural [der-mo-nu' -ral) [dippa, skin ; vevpov,
nerve]. In biology, applied to parts of the dorsal or
neural tins of certain fishes.

Dermoneurosis [der-mo-nu-ro'-sis). See Dermatoneu-
rosis.

Dermoplasty [der'-mo-plas-te) \6eppa, skin ; Trkdaasiv,
to form]. Restoration of skin ; skin-grafting.

Dermorhynchous [der-mo-ring'-kus) [dipfia, skin ;
p'vyxog, snout]. In biology, having a bill or beak
covered with skin, as the duck.

Dermorrhagia [der-mor-a'-je-ah) [dep/u«, skin; pijyvvvai,
to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the skin; bloody
sweat; hematidro-i^.

Dermosclerite [der-mo-skle'-rit) [dkppa, skin ; an'/ ///»«,
hard]. In biology, one of the spicular masses found
in certain actinozoans.

Dermoskeleton [der-mo-skel' -et-un) [dkppa, skin;
oke&£t6v, a skeleton]. The exoskeleton of inverte-
brates; the skin and its appendages.

Dermo-syphilopathy (Jer-mo-sif-il-ep'-a-the) [depfia,
skin; syphilis; nadoq, affection]. A syphilitic skin-
disease.

Dermotomy [der-mof '-o-me). See Dermatotomv .

Derodidymus ■ [der-o-did'-im-us) [dtp/?, neck; didvpoc,
double]. A sysomic monstrosity with a single body,
two necks and heads, two upper and lower extremities,
with other rudimentary limbs occasionally present.

Derospasmus (der-o-spaz'-mus) [_Sep?j, neck ; anaapoq,
spasm]. Spasm or cramp in the neck.

Dertrotheca (Jer-tro-the'-kali) \_6iprpov, a vulture's
beak ; dipaj, a sheath]. In biology, the skin of the
dertrum or tip of the upper mandible in certain birds.

Dertrum [der'-trum) \fiprpov, a beak]. See Dertro-
theca.

De Salle, Line of. See Lines, Table of.

Desanimania [des-an-im-a1 '-ne-ah) [des (dis) priv.;
animus, mind; pavia, mania]. Mindless insanity;
amentia.

Desault's Apparatus or Bandage. See Bandage.
D. Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Desbassins' Test. Same as Richmonfs Test. See
Tests, Table of. D. Splint. See Splint.

Descemet's Membrane. The internal or posterior
lining membrane of the cornea. Also called the Mem-
brane of Demours.

Descemetitis [des-em-et-i'-tis) [Descemet; ine, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of Descemet's membrane.

Descemetocele [des-em-ef -o-sel) [Descemet ; dfkri,
hernia]. Hernia of Descemet's membrane.

Descendens [de-sen' -denz) [descendere, to go down].
Downward. D. noni, a branch of the hypoglossal
nerve. See Nerves, Table

Descent [de-sent') [descensus, a going down]. The
act of going down ; downward motion. D. Stage
of Labor, one of the stages in labor, consisting in
the entrance of the fetal head into the pelvis. D. of

Testicle. See Testicle. D. of Womb. See Pro-
lapsus.

Deschamps' Angle. See An

Deshler's Salve. The compound resin cerate of the
pharmacopeia.

Desiccant [d .' ik-ant) \desiccat , to dry up]. I. Caus-
ing desiccation ; drying. 2. A medicine or
applicatii in.

Desiccation [des-ik-a' -shuri)\desiccare, to dry up]. The
process of removing moisture from solids and organic
tissues. »

Desiccative [des' -ik-a-tiv) \desiccare, to dry up]. I.
Drying; desiccant. 2. A medicine or application
having the property of drying moist tissues, ulcers and
running sores.

Desma [dez'-mak) [SIg/m, a band]. In biology, a
term applied to irregular sponge-spicules.

Desmachyme [des' -mah-klm) [dies pa, a. band; i
juice]. In biology, the connective tissue of sponge.

Desmacyte [des'-mah-sit) [Ska pa, a band; kvto
cell]. In biology, one of the connective-tissue cells
of a sponge.

Desmarres' Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Desmitis [des-mi'-tis) [Seapog, ligament]. Inflamma-
tion of a ligament.

Desmobacterium [des-mo-bak-te'-re-um) [decide, band;
fia.KT7]piov, a small staff : //. Desmobacteria]. A group
of microbes, so-called by Colin, corresponding to the
genus Bacillus of Klein.

Desmodactylous [des- mo-dak' -til-us) [Seapoc, a band ;
da/crivlof, a finger or toe]. In biology, having the
flexor tendons of the toes united.

Desmodynia (des-mo-din'-e-ah) [Seapuc, a band ; 6i
pain]. Pain in a ligament.

Desmognathism [des-mog1 '-na-thizm) [SeapAe, a band;
yvadoq, jaw]. Union of the rnaxillo-palatine bones
across the middle line ; normal in certain birds, as
hawks, ducks, etc.

Desmognathous [des-mog* -na-thus) \Seap6c, a band;
; vaSog, a jaw]. In biology, applied to birds of the
" bound palate " type, in which the vomer is small or
absent, the maxillo-palatines united, and the palatines
and pterygoids articulate directly with the sphenoid.

Desmography (des-mog' -ra-fe) \_Seap6q, a ligament!
ypivxiv, to write]. The description of the ligaments.

Desmoid [des' -moid) [Skaun, a bundle ; eldoc, likeness].
Like a small bundle. D. Carcinoma. Synonym of
Hodgkin's Disease.

Desmoma [des-mo'-mah) [deo/idc, a band: pi. ,
Desmomata], A connective-tissue tumor.

Desmoneoplasma [des-mo-ne-o-plaz'-mah) \Seop6g,
band; vkoc, new ; irA&ff/ia, plasma : pi. , Desmoneoplas-
mata]. Any neoplasm made up of connective tissue.

Desmopathy [des-mop/ -a-tke) [Srapog, a band ; -ddog,
disease]. Any disease of a ligament.

Desmopelmous [des-mo-pel'-mus) [Seapa, a band;
irkkpa, the sole of the foot]. In biology applied to
such birds as have the plantar tendons bound together.

Desmosis [des-mo'-sis) [deoy/dc, a band : pi., Des -/noses'].
Any disease of connective tissue, especially of the con-
nective tissue of the skin.

Desmotomy [des-mo \Seop6c, band; ropi, .

tion]. The dissection and anatomy of the ligaments;
surgical cutting of a ligament.

Desmotrophy [des-mot' -ro-fe) [Seapog, a band ; rpi
to turn]. Tautomerism.

Desoxalic Acid [des-oks-al' -ik) . See Acid.

Desprez' Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Despumation [des-pu-ma' -shun) [despumare, to skim
froth]. The purification of a liquid by removal of the
scum or froth: also the formation of froth ; purifica-
tion ; clarification in general.

M SOI AMAH' >.\

366

DEW

Desquamation . to

rie off]. Th( • ion 01 falling ofl ofthe cuti
ins 1 1 i.-. bran like after measles ; in layers after

Desquamative

I bara lamation.

Destructive ing].

Hurtful; tendinj D. Distillation.

Desudation

i morbidly profuse

lina.
Desudatory . a sweating].

ath.
Detergent . to cleanse]. I.

l'u: ; abluent. - A drug, compound,

wounds, ulcers,
Determinant or Determining Part min-ant)

limit]. Weismann's name for om
the irresponding to a group ol

i primary constituent of a cell or group of

Determinate [determinare, to limit],

i .in inrloi in which the

takes place centrifugally, the 1 >1. .--< mi-
tt ■ r u 1 1 1 1 a 1 ami 1 1 « ■ t from axillary buds. 2.
Weismann's name I cells or group

pendently variable from the germ
called hereditary parts.
Determination in-a'-skun) \determinatio, a

directing]. The direction or tendency to or toward
' blood to the head.
Determinism '-min-izm) \determinare, to limit,

logy, a term introduced by Claude
mard to indicate the fatality of the reproduction of
plv under similar conditions, as seen in Ex-

ice.
Detersion U-ter4 '-shun) [delergere, to cleanse]. The

/■in ; a cleansing.
Detersive Same as Detergent.

Detmold's Method. See Treatment, Methods of .
Detrition ' un) \deterere, to wear off]. The

ring or wasting of an organ or part, especi-
ally the teeth.
Detritus [deterere, to wear off]. The

matter resulting from any wearing away, or
process.
Detumescence (de-tu-mes/-ens) [detumeseentia, a sub-
of a tumor]. The subsidence of any swelling.
Deutencephalon | diU-en-sef -al-on). See Diencepha-

Deuteri.i [devripia]. The secundines.

Deutero-albumose (du-ter-o-al' '-bu-mos). See Albu-

Deutero-elastose (du-ter-o-e-las'-tds)[ . second;

peptone ; one of the pro-
aofelastin. It is not precipitable
dium chlorid.

Deuteropathy {du-t | ..„■, second ;

secondar

Deuteropin ,,,,,] . ;,-,,,r,

■ I opium.
Deuteroplasm. ... Deutoplasm {du , or

1 : rrMfffia, formed

urring in the
Deuteroscop ,,„] .

Deuterostoma ,,,,1 .

th]. In idary blast

Deuterozooid (du-ter-o-zo'-oid) [^ , second ; f i

an animal ; eidoe, likeness]. In biology, a secondary
/oi'iid. developed by budding.

Deuthyalosome [du-thi-al' '-o-som) [i . second ;

. glass, crystal ; ni.nui. body]. The remains of
the germinal vesicle after the polar bodies have I

extruded, formed by the union ..) | ions of the

chromatic stars or discs with portions of tin- prothyal-
osome.

Deutoleucite [du-to-lu,-sit\ [6ei)Tepog, second; >• .
the yolk of an egg]. In biology, a term applied by
Salenskj l. the nutritive vitellus of the eggs of stur-
geons ; it is homologous to the secondary vitellus
(Nebendotter) of osseous fishes. Cf. Prot

Deutomala [du-to-ma' '-lah) [devrepoc, second; mala,
jaw]. In biology, a term applied by A. S. Packard,
Jr., to tlie second pair of mouth-appendages of the
Myriopoda, formerly called labium, but really homol-
ogous with the first maxillae of insects.

Deutomerite (du-tom/-er-it) [Sevrepog, second ; f£pog,
a part]. In biology, the posterior segment of a two-
celled organism, as a gregarine, the anterior cell
being called the prototnerite, q. v.

Deutoscolex (du-to-sko' -leks) [Sebrepoc, second ;
Gnu//,;, worm]. In biology, applied to secondary or
daughter-cysts or bladder worm- that are derived Irom
a scolex or primary bladder-worm.

Deutospermoblast {du-to-sper* '-mo-blast) [<V , -
second; ottep/m, sperm; fiXaoTbg, germ]. Anyone
of the cells produced by the division of a protosper-
iii' 'blast.

Deutoxid (du-toks* '-id) [dcirepoc, second ; bl-vg, sharp].
See Diuxid.

Devalgate (de-val' '-gat) \_de, intensive ; valgus, bowleg].
Bowlegged or bandylegged.

Development [de-vel' -op-ment) [Fr. , developper, to
unfold]. The sequence of organic changes, by which
the vitalized ovum becomes the mature animal or plant.

Deventer's Diameter. The oblique diameter of the
pelvis. D.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Devergie's Disease. See Diseases, '1 able of.

Deviation (de-ve-a1 '-shun) \deviare, to deviate]. Turn-
ing from a regular course, standard, or position. D.,
Conjugate, the forced and persistent turning of eyes
and head toward one side, observed with si rnie lesions of
the cerebrum. D., Primary, the deviation ofthe weaker
eye from that position that would make its visual
line pass through the object-point of the healthy eye.
D., Secondary, the deviation of the healthy eye from
that position that would make its visual line pass
through the object-point of the weaker eye. D. of
Teeth, a faulty direction or position of one or more
teeth.

Devitalization [de-vi-tal-iz-a' -shun) \de priv.; vita,
life]. Depriving of life or vitality. D. of Dental
Pulp. See Dental Pulp, Devitalization of .

Devitalize {de-vi' ' -tal-iz) [de, from ; vita, life]. To de-
stroy vitality, as that of living tissue.

Devonshire Colic (dev'-on-sher kol'-ik). See Lead-
< olic.

De Vries' Theory of " Intracellular Pangenesis."
See Heredity.

Devys' Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Dew's Method. See Artificial Respiration.

Dew (du) [AS., deSw, dew]. The water deposited
during the night from the atmosphere by the process
condensation. D. -claw, tin- aborted hallux of a
domestic dog, or tin- false hoof of an ungulate. D.-
point, the point at which the air cannot take up more
vapor at tin- existing temperature, or loses a portion
of its vapor by condensation if the temperature be
but slightly reduced.

DiA\ ECKER'S I >PERATION

367

DIABE1 ES

DeWecker's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Dewees' Carminative. Sec Asafetida.

Dewlap {duf-lap) [MI-'.., dewlappe, a loose, hanging
piece]. The pendulous longitudinal fold of skin
under the throat of in< .-.t bovine animals ami of some
dogs; the wattle of a turkey; colloquially, the
similar fold seen occasionally under the chin of old
persons.

Dexicardia {deks-e-kar'-de-ah). See Dexiocardia and
I),- xtrocardia.

Dexiocardia {deks-e-o-karf -de-ah) [dej-idg, on the righl ;
Kapdia, the heart]. Transposition of the heart to the
right side of the thorax.

Dexter {deks'-ter) [I-]. Right; upon the right side.

Dextrad [deks/-trad] [dexter, right ; ad, to]. Toward
the right side. See Position and Direction, Table of.

Dextral [deks'-tral) [dexter, right]. Pertaining to the
right side ; right handed. See Position and Direction,
Table of.

Dextran (deks'-trari) [dexter, right], G,;II10O3. A
stringy, gummy substance formed in milk by the ac-
tion of cocci, and occurring in unripe beet-root.

Dextren (ticks' -iren ) [dexter, right]. Belonging to the
dextral side in itself.

Dextrin (deks'-trin) [dexter, right], C6H10O5. The
soluble or gummy matter into which starch is con-
verted by diastase or by certain acids. It is white,
insipid, odorless, and is remarkable for the extent
to which it turns the plane of polarization to the
right hand, whence its name. See Carbohydrates,
Table of.

Dextrins (deks'-trinz) [dexter, right]. Gummy amor-
phous masses, readily soluble in water and precipitated
by alcohol. Their aqueous solutions are dextro-rota-
tory, hence their name. They do not reduce Fehling's
solution, even on boiling, and are incapable of direct
fermentation ; in the presence of diastase, however,
they can be fermented by yeast.

Dextrocardia (deks-tro-kar' ' -de-ah) [dexter, right ;
naptYia, heart]. A congenital condition in which the
heart is situated on the right side of the thorax ; either
alone or as a part of a general transposition of the
viscera. See Dexiocardia.

Dextro-compound (deks-tro-com' pound) [dexter,
right; componere , to set together]. In chemistry, a
compound body that causes a ray of polarized light to
rotate to the right. Dextrin, malic acid, and cinchonin
are dextro-compounds.

Dextrogyrate (deks-tro-ji'-rdi). Same as Dextro-rota-
tory.

Dextrolichenin (deks-tro-W '-ken-in) [dexter, right ;
XeiXr/v, a lichen]. A form of lichenin readily dis-
tinguished from normal lichenin in being colored blue
by iodin, while lichenin is not.

Dextro-rotatory ulcks-tro-ro'-tat-or-e) [dexter, right ;
rotare, to whirl]. Causing to turn toward the right
hand, as a dextro-rotatory crystal.

Dextrose (deks'-tros) [dexter, right], C6H,206. Grape-
sugar. A sugar belonging to the glucose-group, that
crystallizes from aqueous solution with 1 1 1 ,< ) in nodu-
lar masses of six-sided scales. It is readily soluble in
water and alcohol, has a taste lesssweet than ordinary
cane-sugar, and directly reduces an alkaline copper-
solution. It is dextro-rotatory to polarized light. It
is found in most sweet fruits, and in large amount in
diabetic urine. See Sugar and Glucose.

Dextro-sinistral (deks-tro-sin-is' '-tral) [dexter, right;
sinister, left]. Extending from right to left.

Dextroversion (deks-tro-ver'-zhioi) [dexter, right;
vertere, to turn]. Version to the right side, as when
the fundus of the uterus is tilted dextrally ; dextral
latero-version.

Dezeanneau's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Dhobie's Itch. An Indian name for Ringworm of the
body.

Diabetes [di-ab-e'-tiz)[6u did, through; .in

to go]. The habitual excessive discharge of urine ;
used alone the term often designates D. mellitus.
D., Artificial, that form produced in the physiol
laboratory by puncturing the floor of the fourth
ventricle of the brain. D., Cerebral, diabetes in
which cerebrose appears in the urine in place ■>! the
ordinary form of glucose or liver-sugar. It indii
a cerebral lesion. D., English. Synonym of 1).
mellitus. D., Fat, a variety in which there is a
tendency to obesity. D. insipidus, polyuria, a
disease characterized by the excessive secretion of
a urine of low specific gravity, associated with a
marked degree of thirst, but without the presence
of glycosuria. The urine is pale, almost color!
and with a specifii gravity but slightly above that
of water, and may be voided in considerable quan-
tities, even as much as fifty pints in a day. Many
of the cases progressively emaciate and finally die
of exhaustion. There is frequently found some
lesion of the central nervous system, as a cerebral
tumor ; or the disease may be due to some lesion of
the vaso-motor system of nerves. It is most frequent
in males, and usually occurs between the ages of
five and thirty years. D., Lean, a variety in which
emaciation is marked. D. mellitus, glycosuria,
a disease of the metabolic functions of the system,
without gross or clearly defined anatomic lesions,
manifesting itself by glycosuria, polyuria, thirst, and
progressive loss of flesh and strength, with a tendency
to a fatal termination. The onset is generally
insidious. The urine is not so excessive as in simple
polyuria, but may be as much as thirty pints in twenty-
four hours. It contains glucose or grape-sugar, varying
in quantity from two to five per cent., but occasionally
reaching as high as ten or twelve per cent. The
specific gravity is increased to between 1040 and
1060 though it may be as low as 1010; the quantity
of urea is increased ; in some cases there is an
excess of the phosphates of the urine, and these cases
have been termed " phosphatic diabetes.'''' The re-
action of the urine is slightly acid ; the smell sweet-
ish. The emaciation is very marked and rapid, and
persists notwithstanding the fact that the appetite
is ravenous and the patient consumes an enormous
quantity of food. Toward the end of the disease
there is a failure of the mental faculties. Among the
complications of diabetes mav be mentioned a tuber-
culous variety of pneumonia, eczema and pruritus of the
skin, gangrene of the toes, albuminuria, opacity of the
crystalline lens, coma, and cardiac failure. Coma occurs
most frequently in the young, and is characterized by
an extreme degree of dyspnea both of inspiration and
of expiration; it has been called " air hunger" by
Kussmaul. No appreciable cause for the dyspnea can
be found. As regards the morbid anatomy of diabetes
no lesion has as yet been found. The disease occurs
most commonly in young males, and in those of the
gouty and neurotic diatheses. Exposure to cold,
mental strain, injuries of the cerebrum, and the exces-
sive use of starchy ami saccharine foods, are given as
exciting causes. D., Mosler's, polyuria due to the
presence of too much inosit in the blood. D., Non-
saccharine. Synonym of />. insipidus. D., Pan-
creatic, a variety of glycosuria associated with and
probably dependent upon disease of the pancreas.
D., Phloretin, that form produced in animals by the
administration of phloretin. D., Phloridzin, that
following the administration of phloridzin. D., Phos-

M Mil 1 IC

368

D1AI YSIS

phatic a D., Saccharine See D.

D., True. Synonym of .
Diabetic
i

sui D. Cataract, an opacit)

ili, found h ition

wil

D Coma. D. Gangrene.

D. Sugar, < ,11,' '„. a form of

glucose, present in the uri mellitus.

It D. Tabes, a

■i diabetic patients,

in the - of

km r in the extensors of the

Diabetin . through ; . to go].

1 name for levulose, which is recom-

-ui innocuous and palatable sugar, and

■ r diabetics. It is a white

i water, and has a pure sweet

Diabetometer

ire] A polariscope for ascertaining
n diabetic urine
Diaboleptic '-tik) [d . devil ; Tia/i-

An insane or deluded person who
niiumications.
Diabrotic aruidg; did, through;

eat] I. Corrosive. 2. A corrosive
sub '
Diacatholicon (di-ak [did, through : KaOo-

merly, a purgative compound.
Diacaustic - ■s'-tik) [did, through ; leaver

caustic]. A double convex cauterizing lens.
Diacele, Diaccele [did, between; mii

hollow]. A term for the third ventricle or cavity of
or interbrain. Its walls are the
thalami r the tuber and diaterma.

Diacetic Acid | ii-as-e/-tik). See Acid.
Diacetin t-in) [<//. two; acidum, acid]. C II

[jO A liquid derivative of glycerin, with
i ■ ;- also called acetidin,
Diaceturia ' [di, two; acidum, acid;

urine], I I diacetic acid in the

uri: if diabetic coma.

Diachorema (di-ak-o-re* '-man) [diax&pijfta, excrement],

iter; excrement.
Diachoresis \ai-ak-o-re'-sis) [i g, a passing

ugh], 1 tion or ] age of fei
Diachoretic (di-ak-o-ret,-ik) [dtaxup^rindg : diaxup

> through]. Laxative; aperient.
Diachylon (di-ak/-il-on) [did, through ; x''/'"'- juice],

r composed of the jui
D. Plaster or Ointment. See Plumbum.
Diac [,//, two; acidua, acid]. In chemis-

lid of an acid or salt.
Diaclas: - . a breaking in two],

Diaclast apart]. An

breaking up the fetal

Diaclast , to bi eali apart].

D. Amputation. See Mai-

Diacodio:i , Diacodium ,/,-'-

i] p) head-]. Syrup

Diaccele ,r Diaccelia [di

Diacope cut]. A

ill! ;

Diacrisis (di-ak* -ris-is) [did, a pan ; xpiveiv, to separate
ecrete: pi., DiacrisesX. i. A critical discharge,

i. A change or disorder in a secretion. 3. Any dis-
ease marked by altered secretions.

Diacritic, or Diacritical (di-ak-ritf-ik, di-ak-rif -ik-al\
. a separating], 1 diagnostic.

Diactine (di-ak'-tin) [dig, two; cucrig, a ray] . In bio-
logy, having two rays.

Diad (di'-ad). See Quantivalence.

Diadelphous (di-ad-el' -fui 1 [d'u . two; adeXnp6q, brother].
In botany, applied to stamens that are arranged in
two sets or brotherhoods.

Diaderm (di'-a-derm) [dig, two; depfia, skin]. In bi
ology, a genera] term proposed by Minot for thai
essentia] differentiation of the segmenting ovum, chai
acterized by the formation of two plates of cells,
differing in character, joined at their edges and sur-
rounding a segmentation-cavity; the two plates or
lamina are the two primitive germ-layers, the ecto-
derm and entoderm.

Diadermatic, Diadermic (di-ad-er-maf '-ik, di ad-er/-
mik) [did, through ; dipfia, skin]. Administered
through the skin. Cf. Hypodermatic.

Diadexis {di-ad-ek'-sis) [dvddzi-ig, metastasis]. Metas-
tasis of a disease, with a change of its character;
change in the seat and nature of a disease.

Diaeresis (di-erf-es-is). See Dieresis.

Diageotropic (di-aj-e-o-trop' '-ik) [did, through; yij, the
earth; Tpiireiv, to turn]. In biology, growing at
right angles to the direction of gravitation.

Diagnose (di-ag-nos'). See Diagnosticate.

Diagnosis (di-ag-ne/-sis) [Ant, a part; yvuoig, know-
ledge]. The distinguishing, fixation, <>r interpreta-
tion of a disease from its symptoms. D., Differential,
the qualitative distinguishing between two diseases of
similar character, by comparative symptoms. D.,
Direct, the recognition of a disease from the existence
of one or more signs, or symptoms, independently
of or in relation with other symptoms, or with age,
il and mental characteristics, residence or
occupation, or with the family history. D. by Ex-
clusion, the recognition of a disease by excluding
all other known conditions. D., Physical, the
application of physical methods to the study of
disease.

Diagnostic (di-ag-nos' -tik) [did, apart ; j vaaig, know-
ledge]. Determining or confirming a diagnosis ; ser-
ving as sufficient evidence in a diagnosis. D. In-
cision, an incision (as through the abdominal wall)
made for diagnostic purposes.

Diagnosticate (di-ag-nos' '-tik-at) [did, apart; yvaavg,
knowledge]. To make a diagnosis.

Diagnostician (di-ag-nos-tish' '-an) [dia, through; yvuaig,
knowledge]. One skilled in making diagnoses.

Diagometer (di-ag-om' -et-er) [dtayuryi], transmission;
uirpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring
the electric conductivity of bodies.

Diagraph (di'-ag-raf) [did, thoroughly; ypd<f>eiv, to re
cord]. An apparatus for recording the outlines of
crania.

Diaheliotropic (di-a-he-le-o tropf-ik) [did, through ;
i,'fi»r, the sun ; Tpoirfj, a turning]. In biology, hav-
ing a tendency to grow at right angles to the due, tion
oi the light.

Dialdan (di-alf-dan) [di, two; aldehyd"\, C8HMOs. A
chemic compound prepared b) allowing the mixtun
and H CI * the preparation of aldo]

line time ; it melts at 1 59° C.

Dialysate (di-al' '-is-at) [did, through ; "/im\ to loose],
A substance that has been acted upon by dialysis.

Dialysis (di-al' -is-is) [did, through; "Kveiv, to loose].
1 ration of separating crystalline from colloid

MAI Y/l h

369

DIAPHRAGM

substances by means of a porous diaphragm, the
former passing through the diaphragm into the pure
water upon which the dialyzer rests.

Dialyzed [di'-al-lzd) [did, through; "kbeiv, to loose].
Prepared, acied upon, or separated, by dialysis.

Dialyzer [di'-al-lz-er) [did, through; "kbeiv, to 1 ]

An apparatus for effecting dialysis; also the septum,
or diaphragm "I such an apparatus.

Diamagnetic Bodies [di-a-mag nef-ik 6od/ c- |. bodies
no i susceptible of being magnetized.

Diamagnetism [di-a-mag4 '-« t-izm) [did, ai i

magnet]. The east and west orientation of certain
substances, notably antimony, copper, and gold, when
placed in the magnetic held.

Diamesogamous [di-a-me-sogf-am-u [Sid, through;
/ikaoq, middle ; j '','"»', marriage]. In biology, applied
to such flowers as are fertilized hy means ol the wind,
water, insects, or other external agency.

Diameter [di-am'-et-er) [did, through; fitrpov, a meas-
ure]. A straight line passing through the center of
a body or figure. D., Baudelocque's. See Baude-
locque. D., Bisacromial, that between the acromial
processes. D., Bisiliac, that between the iliac bones.
D. Bistrochanteric, that between the two trochanters.
D., Craniometric, one of several lines connecting
points on opposite surfaces of the cranium. The most
important craniometric diameters are the following :
Auricular ox Biauricular, connecting the centers of the
two external auditory meatuses ; Basilo-bregmatic , that
joining the basilon and the bregma ; Biglenoid, that join-
ing the central points of the two glenoid cavities ; Bigo-
Hiac, that joining the two gonions ; Bijugal, that join-
ing the two malar points ; Bijugular, that joining the
two jugular points; Bimalar, that joining the two
malar points ; Bimastoid, that joining the apices of
the mastoid bones; Biparietal, that joining the pari-
etal eminences ; Bistephanic, see Maximum Frontal ;
Bitemporal, that joining the extremities of the coronal
suture ; Bizygomatic, that joining the most prominent
points of the zygomata ; Cervico-bregmatic , that
joining the center of the anterior fontanel and
the junction of the neck and floor of the mouth ;
Fronto-mental, that joining the top of the fore-
head and the point of the chin ; Fronto-occipital,
see Occipitofrontal : filial, that joining the most
prominent points of the inion and glabella ; Maximum
Antero-posterior, the distance from the glabella to the
furthest point of the occipital bone ; Ma ximum Fron-
tal, that joining the stephanions ; Maximum Occipital,
that joining the two asterions ; Maximum Transverse ,
the greatest transverse diameter of the cranium, where-
ever found ; Mento-bregmatic, that joining the chin and
the middle of the anterior fontanel ; Mento-frontal,
see Fronto-mental : Minimum Frontal, the supra-or-
bital line ; Occipitofrontal, that joining the root of the
nose and the most prominent point of the occiput ; Oc-
cipito-mental, that joining the external occipital protu-
berance and the chin ; Sagittal, see Basilo-bregmatic ;
Stephanie, see Maximum Frontal: Sub-temporal, that
joining the spheno-temporal sutures on either side of
the head ; Trachelo-bregmatic , see Cervico-bregmatic ;
Vertical Diameter, ordinarily the distance from the
basion to the bregma, or what is nearly equivalent,
the distance from the basion to the point where the line
through the basion at right angles to the alveolo-con-
dylean plane intersects the cranial vault ; but some-
times the line is drawn at right angles to the foramen
magnum. D., Deventer's. See Deventer. D., Pel-
vic, any one of the diameters of the pelvis. The
most important are the following : Antero-posterior (of
pelvic inlet), -that which joins the sacro-vertebral
angle and the pubic symphysis ; Antero-posterior (of
24

pelvic outlet), see Coccypuhii ; Coccypubic, that
which joins the tip of the coccyx with the subpubic
ligament; the antero-posterior diameter of the pelvic
outlet; ' njugate, the antero-posterior diameter of
the pelvic inlet; Conjugate, diagonal, that connecting
the sacro-vertebral angle and subpubic ligament;
njugate, external, that connecting the spine of the
first sacral vertebra and the middle of the upper bor-
der of the symphysis pubis; ( . true, that
connecting the sacro-vertebral angle and the most
prominent portion of tin- posterior aspect of tin- sym
physis pubis ; Oblique (of pelvic inlet), left and right,
that connecting one sacro-iliac symphysis "ith the op
posite ilio-pectineal eminence; see also Deventer;
Oblique (of pelvic outlet), that extending from the
middle of the mid 1 surface of the sciatic ligament upon
one side to the junction of tin- ischio-pubic rami on the
opposite side ; Sacro-pubic, see . inter -p. 'slerior ; Sacro-
subpubic, see Conjugate, diagonal; Sacro-suprapu/i< ,
that connecting the sacro- vertebral angle and the up-
per portion of the symphysis pubis ; Transverse (of
pelvic inlet), that connecting the two most widely
-< parated points of the pelvic inlet; Transverse (of
pelvic outlet), that connecting the ischial tuberosi-
ties.

Diametroscopy {di-am-et-ros' -ko-pe) [didjie-poq, diame-
ter ; OKOTreiv, to inspect]. Observation or measure-
ment of diameters (as of the retinal vessels).

Diamid {dir-am-id\ See Hydrazin.

Diamin [di'-am-iri). See Amin.

Diamotosis {di-am-o-tof-sis) [did, through; fwrde,
lint]. The packing of a wound or sore with lint.

Diandrous {Ji-anf-drus) [die, two; ai^/i, a man]. In
biology; having two stamens.

Dianoux's Operation. See Opera/ions, Table of.

Diapason [di-ap-as' -on) [diairaaav, concord]. A tun-
ing fork.

Diapedesis (di-ap-ed-e/-sis) [diarri/di/aic, a jumping
through]. The escape of the elements of the blood,
especially the white corpuscles, through the vessel-
wall. Also a synonym of Hematidrosis,

Diapedetic {di-ap-ed-et/ -ik\ [dia-i/di/air, a jumping
through]. Relating to diapedesis.

Diaper ydi'-ap-er) [ME. , dyaper, diaper; ornamented
cloth], A napkin used as a T-bandage for infants
and menstruating women.

Diaphanometer {di-af-an-om'-et-er). See Lactoscopc.

Diaphanoscope [di-af-an' '-o-skop) [dtarjrni/;, translu-
cent ; anoirelv, to inspect]. A form of endoscope in
which the walls of the inspected cavity are rendered
diaphanous by means of an intense light.

Diaphanoscopy [di-af-an-os' '-ko-pe) [diadavr/c trans-
lucent; OKtmeiv, to see]. The examination of cavi-
ties of the body by means of an introduced incandes-
cent electric light.

Diaphanous (di-af '-an-us) [did, through ; (patveiv, to
shine]. Transmitting light ; translucent. D. Test.
See Death.

Diaphemetric (di-af-em-et'-rik) [<ha, through ; day,
touch; fikrpov, measure]. Pertaining to measure
ments of tactile sensibility.

Diaphoresis [di-af-o-re/-sis) [did, a part; <S>opteiv, to
carry]. Perspiration, especially perceptible perspira-
tion, or that induced by medical treatment.

Diaphoretic {di-af-or-et'-ik) [did, a part; oopeeiv, to
carry]. 1. Causing an increase of perspiration ;
sudorific. 2. A medicine that induces diaphoresis.

Diaphragm [di1' -af-rain) [did, across ; qpd)mi, wall].
I. The wall, muscular at the circumference and ten-
dinous at the center, that separates the thorax and
abdomen. The chief muscle of respiration and ex-
pulsion. 2. A thin septum, such as is used in

l'lAl'HRACM

370

DIARRHl A

In mi .in apparatus placed be

twees the m I object to regulate the amount "l

li^ht th.it is to pass through I D., Central

Stop, in mi aphragm having a circular slit

Diaphragm. Inferior Asi «i

. Am tral tendon. 2. Right

:t leaflet 4. Right crus. 5. Left crus. 6, 6.

Intel Muscular fibers, from which

the I rinate, 8. Muscular fihcis that

ol tin- six lower ribs 9. Fibers

that 1 1 artilage. 10. Opening for inferior

• penine for esophagus. 12 Aortic opening.

•^alis abdominis, turned up-

1 1. Anterior leaflet ol transversahs

Quadratus lumborum. 16, 16. Psoas

! Iiirii lunihar vertebra.

m

f £■

just within its margin, tin- center remaining opaque.

D. Iris, .1 device foi changing 01 regulating the

amount <>t li.ulu directed upon an object under the

microscope. D. Opening. The opening in the disc

or apparatus oi a mi< rost ope through which the

rays ol light pass. It should be of about the

same size as that of the front Lens of the

objt 1 n\ e.

Diaphragmalgia {di-af-rag-mal1 '-je-ah). ^ <

Diaphragmatalgia,
Diaphragmatalgia [di-af-rag-mat-al,-je-ah)\di&i
across; tjip&y/za, a wall; aXyog, pain]. Pain
in or neuralgia of the diaj hragm.
Diaphragmatic {di-af-rag-mat* -ik) \Si&, across;
,u(i, a wall. Relating to the diaphragm.
D. Hernia. See Hernia. D. Pleurisy.
See Pleurisy.
Diaphragmatitis [di -of- rag - mat - /'- /is) [eJtd,
across; tppdypa, a wall; trie, inflammation].
Inflammation of the diaphragm.
Diaphragmatocele [di-af-rag-matf-o-sll) [•
<t>paypa, diaphragm; /./,//,, hernial. Hernia
through the diaphragm.
Diaphragmitis (di-af-rag-mi'-tis). See Dia-
phragmatitis.
Diaphragmodynia {di-af-rag-mo-din'-e-ah) [itta-
1111 , diaphragm; bdlrvr/, pain]. Pain in
the diaphragm.
Diaphtherin {di-af'-ther-iri) [tiuKpOeipeiv, to destroy].
Oxychinaseptol ; a coal tar derivative composed of
two molecules of oxychinolin and one of aseptol. It
is a yellow powder, with a phenol-like odor. It is
used as an antiseptic and bactericide in solutions vary-
ing in strength from 1 to 50 percent. Its chief draw-
back is that it attacks silver plated or nickel-plated
instruments, turning them black. Unof.

Diaphylactic [di-af-il ak'-tik) [diaQ/vAaKTucSs,

preserving]. Same as Prophylactic.
Diaphyseitis {di-af-iz-e-i'-tis) [d/d^rxKC, a dia-
physis ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of
a diaphy
Diaphysis {i/i-af'-is-is) [rf/o, between ; oim. to
grow]. The middle part or shaft of any long,
cylindric bone, as considered apart from the
apophyses and epiphyses. In biology, applied
to an unusually elongated axis, as that of a
flower or (lower-cluster.
Diaplex, ( >r Diaplexus (di'-ap-leks, di-ap-leks' '-u f 1
[ did, between ; plextu , a network]. 1 he cho-
roid 1 1> xus of the third ventricle or diacele.
Diapophysial (di 1 e-al) \6i£, apart ;

a-n,',rnir, an outgrowth]. Relating to a dia
pophysis.
Diapophysis (<//-< ip-offf-is -is)[6id, apart; birdfvoti ,
an outgrowth]. The superior or articular pari
of a transverse apophysis, or its homologue.

Diapyema

through ;

abs'
Diapyesis

through ;
Diapyetic

rating].

(di-ap-i-e' '-mah\ [diairli/fia \ itd,
pus; //., Diapyemata\ An

Thb Diapiii rs Relations to the Heart

■i.irv

; pi I i|

' .-. Il ..I
12, 12.

lirst rib.

fl lung. 2i,
•ibs.

( di -ap-i- '/- si's ) [(Sin- 1 i,r.,, ; did,
, suppuration]. Suppuration.
{di-ap-i-etf -ik) [6ia7rujirtK6g, suppu
Promoting diapyesis or suppuration.
Diarch ~{dif-ark) [rf/c, two; dpxot, rulers]. In
biology, a term descriptive of radial fibro-vascular
bundles having two 1
Diarrhea [di-ar-e' '-ah) [«$«i, through; pkttv, to flow].
An abnormal frequency of evacuation of the feces,
which are watcr\'. and sometimes acrid. D., Acute,
that due to cold, or to the ingestion of improper food or
1 In mil poisons. In severe imii^ it is associated with
collapse, and may in ran- cases be followed by death.

DIARKIIKA

371

DIASTI 'II.

D., Acute Inflammatory, a term including the se-
verer forms of the catarrhal and summer diarrheas "I
children. It is characterized by griping, vomiting,
and the passage of offensive, watery, brown or green
ish stools. The child in the latter stage of this dis
ease presents the same appearance as that seen in
advanced tuberculous meningitis — pinched featui
drowsiness, sunken and half- closed eyes, and rapid
irregular pulse — and to thi> condition the term " spu-
rious hydrocephalus" has been applied. Death fre
quently results from this form of diarrhea. D.,
Acute Summer, a term given to sudden attacks of
profuse watery diarrhea occurring in children and
weak adults during the prevalence of hot weather.
(See Cholera infantum). D. alba. See Celiac
Affection. D., Cachectic, that depending on some
diathetic disease, as syphilis, scurvy, malaria, tuberculo-
sis, and carcinoma, or else on chronic intestinal catarrh.
D., Choleraic, severe, acute diarrhea of any form
not readily traceable to any recognized cause. D.,
Choleriform. Synonym of Cholera infantum. D.,
Chronic Inflammatory, a diarrhea of children either
following an acute attack, or developing insidiously.
The stools are of a dark-brown color, thin and foul,
and may occasionally contain a spinach like material.
There is great emaciation and anemia, and the term
"consumption of the bowels," has been given to this
condition. The prognosis must be guarded. D.,
Chronic Tropical, //ill- diarrhea, " white flux" of
India, a severe form of chronic intestinal catarrh, and
essentially a tropical disease. In India it develops
often in those who, after dwelling in the heat of the
plains, pass to the changeable temperature of the hilly
country, hence the name "Hill-diarrhea." The
stools are copious, light, and frothy ; there is progress-
ive failure of strength ; the temperature becomes sub-
normal ; albuminuria and edema develop, and death
results in many cases from exhaustion. D. chylosa.
See Celiac Affection. D., Compensatory. See £>.,
Vicarious. D., Dissecting-room, a severe form of
diarrhea resulting from exposure to the animal efflu-
via of the dissecting-room. The discharges are very
fetid and may be accompanied by colicky pains, nausea
and vomiting, and headache. D., Dysenteric, a
form of diarrhea frequently encountered in children in
temperate climates. There are tenesmus and colic,
the passage of mucous and fecal stools, prolapse of the
rectum, and great exhaustion. Death may result. D.,
Fatty, a rare form, the result of the imperfect per-
formance of the pancreatic or hepatic function. D.
febrilis. Synonym of Enteritis, Pseudo-membranous.
D., Fibrinous. Synonym of Enteritis, Pseudo-mem-
branous. D., Gelatinous. See Enteritis, Membran-
ous. D., Heat. See D. , Summer. D., Hill. See
D. , Chronic Tropical. D., Infantile, a term
including various forms of diarrhea occurring in
infants and young children. D., Irritative, that
due to direct irritation of the intestines by improper food
and drink, purgative medicines, poisons, intestinal
worms, etc. D., Lienteric, a form of diarrhea com-
mon in children over two years of age, and character-
ized by the passage of fluid stools containing scraps
of undigested food, and associated with griping pains.
D., Matinal. See D., Chronic Tropical. D., Me-
chanical, that due to mechanical obstruction to
the portal circulation, with consequent gastrointesti-
nal hyperemia and catarrh. It is seen in cases of mi-
tral lesion. D., Mucous. See Enteritis, Mem-
branous. D., Nervous. See D., Lienteric. D.
pituitosa. Synonym of Enteritis, Pseudo-membra-
nous. D., Secondary, symptomatic diarrhea : that
secondary to some ulcerative condition of the intes-

tines, as in typhoid fever, tuberculosis, pyemia, etc.
D., Serous, a variety in which the stool-, are very
watery. D., Simple Catarrhal, a common variety
of diarrhea occurring in infants. It is marked by
watery evacuations i ontaining feculent matter and un-
digested i uurds. It is due to errors in diet or exposure
to cold. D., Summer, an acute form due to the inti
heat of summer. A synonym of the Summer <
plaint of infants. D., Symptomatic. See /'. ,
ondary. D., Tuberculous, that form dependent upon
tuberculous disease of the bowels. D. tubularis.
Synonym of Enteritis, Pseudo-membranous. D., Ul-
cerative, a grave form due to intestinal ulceration.
D., Vicarious, that due to suppression or arrest of the
functions of the skin, kidneys, or lungs, so that the
bowels do the extra or vicarious work. It is also
called Compensatory diarrhea. It is rather salutary
than otherwise.

Diarrheal (<li-ar-e/-al) [did, through ; peeiv, to flow].
Relating to, or of the nature of diarrhea.

Diarthrodial {di-ar-thro'-de-al ) [dia, throughout;
apdpvoig, articulation]. Relating to or of the nature
of a diarthrosis.

Diarthrosis {di-ar-thro' -sis) \8i&, throughout ; apdpt
articulation]. A form of articulation characterized by
mobility. The various forms are : Arthrodia, in which
the bones glide upon plane surfaces ; Enarthrosis, best
known as ball-and-socket joint, with motion in all
directions; Ginglymus, or hinge-joint, with backward
and forward motion; and D. rotatoria, with pivotal
movement.

Diary Fever (di'-ar-e). See Fever.

Diastaltic (di-as-lal'-tik) [<5/<i, apart ; crC/'/m, tosend].
Reflex ; performed (as are many reflex actions)
through the medium of the spinal cord.

Diastase UUf-as-tas) [(uaamotc , separation]. A nitro-
genous vegetable ferment that is either contained or
developed in the fermentation of grain, which acts on
the molecules of starch, converting this into grape-
sugar or glucose.

Diastasemia (di-as-tas-e'-me-ah) [dtd, apart ; araaic,
settling; duia, blood]. Acute anasarca.

Diastasic, or Diastatic [di-as-tas' -ik, or di-as-tat'-ik)
[luoaraaic, separation]. Relating to a diastasis. D.
Ferments. See Perm cuts.

Diastasis (di-as' -tas-is) [tiiaoraGic, separation]. I.
Luxation or dislocation. 2. The separation of an
epiphysis from the body of a bone without true fracture.

Diastema (di-as-te'-mah) [diaarrifia, a distance: //. ,
Diastemata~\. A space or cleft. In biology, applied
to the space between any two consecutive teeth.

Diastematelytria {di-as-tern-at-el-itf -re-ah) [dtdon/pa,
fissure ; iXvrpov, vagina]. Longitudinal and congeni-
tal fissure of the vagina.

Diastematochilia (di-as-tem-at-o-kil'-e-ah) \_6iaarrjua,
fissure ; ^f'/ oc, lip]. Congenital longitudinal tis^re
of the lip ; hare-lip.

Diastematocystia | di-as-tem-at-o-sis'-te-ah ) \6iaanifia,
fissure ; Krone, bladder]. Congenital longitudinal
fissure of the bladder.

Diastematognathia (di-as-tem-at-og-na1 '-the-ah) [diao-
rr/un, fissure ; yvadoc, jaw]. Congenital longitudinal
fissure of the jaw.

Diastematometria(<//-(^' ■tem-at-o-7ne/-tre-aK)\fuumjiia,
fissure; \iifrpa, womb]. Congenital longitudinal
median fissure of the uterus.

Diastematosternia {di-as-tem-at-o-ster/-ne-ah) [diaa-
ri/iia, fissure ; arkpvov, sternum]. Median congenital
fissure of the sternum.

Diaster (di'-as-ter). See Dyaster and Karyokinesis.

Diastole [di-as'-to-le) [SloctoM], a drawing apart]. The
period of expansion or dilatation of the heart during

DIASTOl [C

372

DICROTIC

its rhythm: or beat. It i- applied also to

the dilatati b) the heart's con-
tra< •

Diastolic drawing apart].

D. Impulse, the back stroke.

D. Murmur. See Mitrt D. Thrill, the vibra-

I in the i the In-art daring the diastole

Diastrephia . to

turn] Insanit) marked b) and by

Diatacuc , to make readj ].

Pi D. Action, the supposed molecular

hi brain i
iratory to coordinated motor

Dtatela n]. The velum inter-

Diaterm.i [Ad, 1 . . nd],

• the diacele. It has a nearly
.1 direction.
Diathermal or Diathermanous [di-ath-er/-mal, di-
, through ; , , heat], Trans-

iphanous to the waves of radiant heat.
Diathermanc . [Ad, through; 8&i

Diathesis | . through ; TiBtvai, to ar-

i ondltion of the body whereby it is

ertain di -uch as gout, cal-

cu. It may be acquired ot heredi-

D., Hemorrhagic. See Hemophilia.

Diathetic '-ik) [Ad, through; rrftra;, to ar-

• a diathi
Diatom i ine of the Diatomacece, a group

Diatomic rn'-ik) [dig, two ; irofiog, atom]. In

sting of two atoms ; specifically applied

that have two hydrogen atoms united to the

nu a.

Diatomin [Ad, through ; rifivetv, to

cut]. I wish- brown coloring-matter of diatoms.

It : inthin.

Diaxon [Ac, two ; dfwv, axis]. In biology,

having two a
Diazo- ; azotum, nitrogen]. In

mistry, a prefix signifying that a compound contains
. I ,1b, united with a radical consisting of two
nit: D.-acid, one of certain volatile

liqi yellow color and peculiar odor, which

-.; 1 with steam or under reduced pres
■• are slightly soluble in water, but mix
■i with ether. D. -compound,
in ntaining a group consisting

'.'■'■ ted with a radii al consisting of

the name). D. -reac-
tion or test, a urinary test, originally thought to be

teric fever. It is

i in the ui i thy persi ms. I he test is

2'>>> parts of sulphanilic acid solution

Union in water) with io parts of pure

■ t nitrite of sodium

| ■ this mixture add an equal

f "rin- mmonia to render the

red denotes the

Diazobenzene <rim<

vro-

Dib

Dibasic ] Having

D. Acids.

Dibenzyl [di-ben'-zil) [Ac, twice ; benzoin], v"MHu.
A i. impound prepared by the action of sodium upon
benzyl chlorid. It crystallizes in large prisms, melt-
ing at 52° < '. and boiling at 2840 C.

Diblastic [di-blas'-tik) [Ac, double ; &Xaar6g, germ]
Referring t" any theory of disease thai ascribes it to a
double agency.

Dibothrium [di-both' '-re-uni) [L.]. A genus of ces
tode worms. D. latum. See Bothriocephalus lotus.

Dibromindone {di-bro-minf-don) [Ac, double; (Jpi
a stench], 1 ',,1 1,l!r.,< >. A compound derived from
dibromcinnamic acid. It consists of orange-yellow
needles, with an odor resembling that of quinone. It
melts at 123°.

Dicephalism (di-sef'-al-izm) [A'c, two; Ki<pa/Jj, head].
1 he condition of having two heads.

Dicephalous {di-sef'-al-us) [Ac, two; KFpa/J/, head].
Two headed.

Dicephalus {di-seff-al-us) [Ac, two ; kc<^u7.Ij, a head].
A monster having two heads.

Dicerous (dis'-er-us) [Ac, two; Kipar, a horn]. In
biology, having two antennae.

Dichasium (di-ka'-se-um) [AjacYc, division]. In
biology, applied to a cyme having two axes.

Dichastasis [di-kasf-tas-is\ [dixaotg, division]. In
biology, spontaneous fission.

Dichasteres [di-kas-te' '-rlz) [A^dfe/w, to divide]. An
old name for the incisor teeth.

Dichlamydeous (di-ilam-id'-e-us) [Ac, two ; jAa^ic, a
mantle]. In biology, applied to flowers having both
floral envelops.

Dichogamy (di-kog* '-a-me\ [A'^'«, in two ; -} tutor, mar-
riage]. In biology, a provision for cross-fertilization
of flowers by the maturation of the reproductive ele-
ments of the same flower at different times.

Dichotomous Uli-kot' '-o-mus) [Aja, in two ; riuveiv,
to cut]. In biology, divided, forked or having a
dual arrangement.

Dichroism [di'-kro-izni) [Ac, double; j/ioa, color].
The phenomenon of difference of color in bodies
when viewed by reflected or by transmitted light.

Dichromatism {ili-kro' -mat-izm). Same as Color-
blindness.

Dicinchonin (di-sin'-kon-in) [Ac, double ; cinchona],
Cs8H44N402. An alkaloid of Cinchona bark, an
amorphous solid, melting at 400 C, readily soluble in
alcohol and ether.

Diclesium [di-kle' '-se-um) [Ac, two ; ttXeieiv, close]. In
biology, an achenium having a persistent calyx or
perianth.

Diclinous {di-klV '-nus) [A'c, two; n'/ivr/, abed]. In
biology, having the stamens and pistils in separate
flowers.

Dicochirurgea (di-ho-hi-rer'-je-ah) \_<Vikt], justice;
%eip surgery]. Forensic surgery.

Dicotoin {di-k(/ -to-in) [Ac, double; Coto~\. A deriva-
tive of cotoin present iii coto bark.

Dicotyledon [di-kot-il-e/ -don) [Ac, two; Korvk^Sim,
a cavity]. In biology, a term introduced by J. Ray
in 16S2, foraplant whose embryo has two seed-leaves
or cotyledons.

Dicranous {di-tyra' -nus) [dlnpavog, two-headed].
1 bicephalous

Dicranus [di-kra' -nus) [Ac, double; upavov, head].
A dicephalous monster.

Dicrotic {di-krot'-ik^SinpoTog, double beating]. Having
a doubl D. Pulse, a term applied to a pulse

that imparts the sensation of a double beat at each
pulsation. D. Wave, the wave of recoil, or the
ml smaller ascending wave of the sphygmographic
tracing. It is generated by closure oi the aortic
valves.

DICROTISM

373

DI I ll« I II \n INTESTINORI M

Dicrotism [di' ' -kro-tizni) [diK/ioror, a double-beat].
The quality of being dicrotic. A condition of the
pulse in which with every wave there is given to the
finger of the examiner the sensation of two beats. It
is present when the arterial tension is low. The second
shock is due to the recoil of the arterial walls when
the aortic valves are closed.

Dictyitis [dik-te-i/ -tis) [dinrvov, net, retina]. Retinitis.

Dictyopsia (dik-te-op'-se-ali) [6'iktvov, net ; Hrpig, view].
The sensation as if a net were stretched before the e\ ■

Dicyanogen (di-si-an'-o-jen) [die, double; cyanogen],
NC.CN. Free cyanogen ; a colorless, poisonous gas
of peculiar odor, and specific gravity 26 (11 = 1). It
may be condensed to a mobile liquid by cold of — 250
C. , or by a pressure of four atmospheres at ordinary
temperatures. In this condition it has a specific
gravity of .566, solidities at — 34° C. to a crystalline
mass and boils at — 21° C. It burns with a bluish-
purple mantled (lame.

Didactic (di-dak1 '-tik) [didanrtudg, apt at teaching].
Teaching by description, rules, or principles ; opposed
to clinical.

Didactylism {di-dak' -til-izm) [pig, double ; ddnrvlog,
a finger]. The condition of having congenitally but
two digits on a hand or foot.

Diday's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Didot's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Diduction [di-duk'-shun) [diducere, to draw apart].
Abduction of two parts ; the withdrawal of a part.

Didymalgia [did-e-mal' -je-ah\ [d/dv/uog, testicle ; alo/og ,
pain]. Pain in a testicle.

Didymitis [did-e-mi/-tis\ [didv/nog, a testicle ; irn\ in-
flammation]. Orchitis affecting mainly the body of
the testicle.

Didymium (di-diin' -e-nni) [didv/iog, twin]. A rare
metal of grayish or yellow color. See Elements,
Table of.

Didymous (did'-int-us) [didvuor, twin]. Arranged in
a pair, or in pairs.

Didymus (did' -im-ns) [didv/uog, twin]. A twin; a
twin-monstrosity ; a testis.

Didynamous [di-din* -am-us\[6ig, two; diwa/ng, power].
In biology, having the stamens in two pairs, one
longer than the other.

Die (di) [ME., &»]. To cease to live; to become
dead.

Diecious (di-e'-shus) [dig, two ; okor, house]. In bi-
ology, having the two sexes in different individuals, or
in two households, as staminate and pistillate flowers
separate and on separate plants.

Dieffenbach's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Dielectric (di-e-lek'-trik) [did, through ; yAenrpov,
amber]. A non-conducting substance that transmits
electricity by induction.

Dielectrics (di-e-lek' '-triks) [did, through ; jj?£KTpov,
amber]. The property of certain substances to per-
mit an inductive electric influence to act through or
across them.

Dielectrolysis [di-e-lek-trol' '-is-is) [did, through; r/fen-
rpov, electricity ; Tweiv, to dissolve]. Galvanic elec-
trolysis of a compound, the current passing at the
same time through a diseased portion of the body and
carrying one of the elements of the compound with it.

Dien {di'-eri) [did, through; ey/c£0ayoc, brain]. An
abbreviation of diencephalon. The name given to
the line of junction of the thalamus with the caudatum.

Diencephal (di-en-sef-al' ). Same as Diencephalon.

Diencephalon {di-en-sef '-al-on) [did, between ; i]netya-
Aag, brain]. That part <>f the brain between the
prosencephalon and the mesencephalon. It includes
the optic thalami and the third ventricle.

Dieresis (di-er'-es-is) [d/aipraig, a division]. A solu-

tion of continuity, as a wound, ulceration, etc. In
biology, the division of the outer branch of the pos-
terior or caudal pleopod of a crustacean. Bal

Dieretic [di-er-ef '-ik) [dtaipkeiv, to divide"]. I'estruc-
tive; eschari itii ; c< irrosh e.

Dies and Counter-dies. Metallic casts obtained by
molding in sand or dipping in molten zinc and lead,
or other alloys, such as babbitt metal, and which are
used for stamping up dental plates ; they are generally
described as male and female castings, between which
the plate is swaged.

Diesel's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Diet (di' -et) [diaira, a system or mode of living]. 1.
An arranged selection of food necessary to meet the
needs of the body. 2. To regulate the amount and
character of the food ingested. D. -drink, a medi-
cated drink, or beverage. D., Lisbon, a draught mui h
resembling the compound tincture of sarsaparilla.
D., Milk, one consisting mainly of milk. D., Tuff-
nell's, a highly nutritious diet including but a small
amount of liquids, employed in the treatment of
internal aneurysms.

Dietarian (di-et-a' -re-ati) [diaira, a system or mode of
living]. A physician who pays special attention to
matters of diet.

Dietary (ili'-et-a-re) [diaira, a system or mode of
living]. A system of food -regulation intended to meet
the requirements of the animal economy.

Dietetic (cti-et-et'-ik) [diaira, a system or mode of
living]. Pertaining to diet.

Dietetics (di-et-et'-iks) [diaira, a system or mode of
living]. The science of the systematic regulation of
the diet for hygienic or therapeutic purposes.

Dietetist (di-et-et'-ist) [diaira, a system or mode of
living]. One who is expert in questions of diet ; a
dietarian.

Diethylamin (di-eth-H' -am-in)[dig, double ; ethyl, amin~\,
NC4Hn. A ptomaine, obtained from the pike-fish when
allowed to putrefy for six days in summer. It is an
inflammable liquid of strong basic properties, soluble
in water, and boiling at 57.50 C. It is non -poisonous.

Dietic (di-e/'-ik) [diaira, a system or mode of living].
Same as Dietetic. D. Diseases, those caused by
errors of diet.

Difference-Theory (dif'-er-ens). A theory in explan-
ation of the galvanic phenomena of living tissues.
The theory is an expression of these facts : Protoplasm
when injured or excited in its continuity becomes
negative to the uninjured part ; when heated it becomes
positive ; and the surface-polarization diminishes with
excitement and in the process of dying. It is also
called Alteration-theory (Hermann').

Differential [difer-en'-shal) [differentia , difference].
Pertaining to or creating a difference. D. Diagno-
sis. See Diagnosis. D. Rheotome. See Rkeo-
tome. D. Tone, a tone produced by two primary
tones when sounding simultaneously; the number of
the vibrations corresponds to the difference between
the two primary tones. D. Staining, a method of
staining tubercle-bacilli, syphilis-bacilli, etc., founded
upon the fact that if deeply-colored, and especially
with a mordant, they retain the color in the presence of
certain reagent- that decolorize the surrounding tis-
sues. Koch, Ehrlich and Weigert, Ziehl and Neel
son, Fiitterer, Gibbes, etc., have devised various
methods ot differential staining.

Differentiation {dif-er-en-she-a' -shun) [differentia, dif-
ference]. Specialization of tissues, organs, or func-
tions. The gradual change of homogeneous material
into special tissues or organs.

Difficultas intestinorurn (dif-ik-ul'-tas intes-tin-or'-
urn) [I-.]. Synonym of Dysentery.

I'll IK ACTION

nii.1 1 ] mok n i

Diffraction

•i]. Tin . a when

it ; tun D. Grat

ing, ruled with fine lint -^ : it i>

the bat-
terj

Diffuse • over],

d y . D .
Aneurysm. the walls

D. Cerebral Sclerosis.
D. Inflammation
Diffusibl- ur].

I i. .in the
g stimulants,
■
:sion id]. A

D.. Anodal, -
D. -circle, the im formed

the true

having been

Digastric . belly].

II.. D. Muscle. See Mil

D. Triangle. [able of.

Digenesis - . aeration].

hi . the alternation of sexual and asexual gen-

Digenous ex]. In biol-

or originating from

Digerent , to digest] A digest-

medicine that excites the secretion of pus
in '
Digestant to digest]. I. A

that effects solution of the food in
tach, and intestines. 2. A remedy for
indij
Digestibility Hbilis, that can be

bility of being digested.
Digestib'.-j /is. that can be di-

->tio Difficilie -odif-ik' -il-is) [I.-]. Syn-

Digestio: r-rere, to digest]. In lii-

od taken into an

me part thereof. D.,

Artificial, utside of the

D., Primary, gastrointestinal digestion. D.,

Secondary imilation by the body-cells of their

um.

Digestive , -,] i. Relat-

^ \n a^ent that |

process of
D. Apparatus, -tion

D. Tract, the whole aliment-
See lllustra-

■

■]. Pertaining to the
D. Arteries. I the hands

D. Comprc ,f a How .,f blood by

D. Dilatation, tlv .-nlar^'-

D. Examina-
tion, j)

Nerves nd feel D. Pha-

langes,
Digitalein

Digita. • the

I

active principle of Digita urea, </. v. Dose gr.

j. A precipitate from a tincture of Digitalis

I not. Besides the foregoing there are

various commercial preparations known by tin- name.

Digitalis (dij-it-a'-lis) [digitalis, pertaining to the
fingers]. Foxglove. The leaves of D. purpurea. It
itains an amorphous complex substance, digitalin,
that does not, however, represent the full properties
of the leaves. It i- a cardial- stimulant and excito
motor, and in large doses causes severe gastric dis
turbance. It i- em] mainly in ms of the

heart when the latter is rapid and feeble. Dos
the leaves gr. ss-iij. D. abstractum. strength twice
that of digitalis itself. Unof. Dosegr. '+ ii. D., Ext.,
leaves yield 25 per cent, of extract. Dose gr. ' ,, '_-.
D., Ext., Fid., strength 100 per cent. 1 lose rr\ j-iij.
D. infusum, 1 >2 per cent, in strength. I >ose ■• ss-j.
D., Tinct., 15 per cent. I >ose m^v- 3 j. See Digitalin.

Digitalose idij-it-al-oz,s\ [digitalis, pertaining to the
fingers]. A white crystalline constituent of digitalis.

Salivary Gland

hagus

Lacttals

Intestine

ytrmiform Appendix

RAL SCHEME OF THK DlGKSTlVK TRACT, WITH THE

Chief Glands Opening into It; Together with mi-
rom im- Intestine and Joining
im-: Thoracic Dlct. (Landois.)

Digitate {dij'-il-af\ [digitus, linger]. In biology, hav-
ing linger-like divis when the leaflets of a
compound leaf are all borne on the apex of the petiole.

Digitation [dij-it-a'-shuti) [digitatus, having digits].
A serration; a finger-like process, or a succession ol
such ] ir

Digiten {dij'-it-en) [digitus, a finger], I'.elonging to a
digil in itself.

Digiti mortui [dij'-iti nior'-tni) [I..]. Dead-
rs ; a cold and white -tat.- of the lingers, seen in

DIGITIGRADK

375

I'M IPTOMETRY

some hysterical women, and in certain types of insan-
ity. It is a manifestation of some vaso motor disorder.

Digitigrade [dijf -it-ig-rad) [digitus, finger; gradi, to
walk]. In biology, walking on the toes.

Digitonin (dij-it-o-ninf) [digitalis, pertaining to the
fingers], C.„IIV,( >,.. A white, amorphous mass ob-
tained from digitalis. It is easily soluble in water,
slightly so in alcohol ; insoluble in ether and chloro-
form.

Digitoxin (di/- it-oks'-in) [digitalis, pertaining to the
lingers; toxicum , poison], C.,j 1 1:;._,< >7 . or ( ' v, II .,( >34. A
highly poisonous alkaloid from Digitalis purpurea. Its
effects are little understood. Its action is cumulative.
Unof.

Digitule (dig'-it-ul) [digitulus, a little digit]. A little
finger, toe, or claw ; a small organ or prominence
resembling a digit.

Digitus (dij'-it-us) [L.]. A finger or toe.

Diglossia \di-glos/-e-ah) [<S/c, double ; yAuaca, tongue].
The condition of having a double tongue.

Digoneutic [di-go-nu' -tik) [f5/c, two; y6voc, offspring].
In biology, producing two broods a year.

Digonoporous [di-go-nop1 '-or-us) [Sig, two; }6vog, off-
spring; iropor, pore]. In biology, having the genital
pores separate.

Digyn (di'-jin) [Sig, two; yvv%, woman]. In biology,
having two pistils.

Dihydrolutidin [di-ki-dro-lu' '-tid-in) [<J/c , double ;
vSop, water], C7HnN. One of the alkaloids of cod-
liver oil. See Morrhuolins.

Dihysteria (di-/iis-te/-re-ah) [dig, double ; iaripa, the
womb]. The presence of a double womb.

Dilaceratio cataractae [di-las-er-a' '-she-o kat-ar-ak' -te)
[L. ]. See Dilaceration.

Dilaceration {di-las-er-a* '-shun) [dilaceratio, a tearing
apart]. A tearing apart ; division of a membranous
cataract by a tearing operation.

Dilatatio cordis (di-lat-a' '-ske-o kor'-dis) [L.]. Dila-
tation of the heart.

Dilatation (di-lat-a/-shun ) [dilatare, to spread out]. I .
An increase in the size of a cavity or of the lumen of a
vessel ; expansion of an organ without hypertrophy.
2. Surgical stretching out of the walls of a hollow
organ. D. of Blood-vessel. See Telangiectasis.
D. of Heart, an increase in the size of one or more of
the cavities of the heart, arising from a relaxation or
weakening of the heart-muscle. It is associated with
evidences of failure of circulation, resulting in conges-
tion of the lungs and other viscera and tissues.

Dilatator (di-lat-a/-tor). See Dilator.

Dilator (di-la'-tor) [dilatare, to spread out]. An instru-
ment for stretching or enlarging a cavity or opening ;
also, a dilating muscle. See Muscles, Tabic of. D.,
Barnes', an instrument for dilatation of the os and cer-
vix uteri, consisting of a rubber bag, which, when in-
serted, is distended with water. D., Intra-uterine,
for dilating the uterine cavity by means of air or water.
D., Laryngeal, an instrument with two or three blades
that may be separated, for freeing or dilating the larynx.

Dilemma [di-lemf -ah) [S'ih}(ifia ; dig, double ; /djfifia,
proposition]. In experiments to determine the reac-
tion-time of psychic processes, if the person is told
which side is to be stimulated, or what colored disc is
to be presented, etc. , the time is shorter. Lack of such
foreknowledge is called the dilemma.

Dill (dil). See Anethum.

Dilmaisch Disease. See Disease.

Diluent [dil'-u-ent) [diluere, to wash away]. An agent
that dilutes the secretions of an organ, or that increases
the fluidity of secretions.

Dilution [di-lu' -shun) [diluere, to wash away]. I. The
process of mixing with a neutral fluid or substance, in

order to attenuate. 2. A diluted substance ; the result
of a diluting process.

Dilutionist (di-lu'-Jiun-ist) [diluere, to wash away].
< »ne who advocates the dilution of medicines. D.,
High, a homeopathist who advocates the extreme at-
tenuation of in* 'In ines.

Dimerosomatous [dim-er-o-som' '-at-us) [Sig, two; \ii-
, a part; cijua, body]. In biology, applic
animals, as spiders, that have the body divided into
two regions, cephalo-thorax and abdomen.

Dimerous {dim' -er-us) [<J*'c, two; uipog, a part]. In
biology, bipartite.

Dimethyl Ketone. See Act

Dimethylamin [di-meth-ilr -am-in) ['Vic, two; methyl,
amin\, N< ,1 1- A non-toxic ptomaine found in putre-
fying gelatin, old decomposing yeast, certain varieties
of fish-decomposition, etc.

Dimethylarsin fKdi-meth-il-ar/-sin). See Cacodyl.

Dimethylphenylene-green. See Pigm nts, Conspec-
tus of.

Dimetria (di-me' '-tre-ali) [Sig, doubli l~pa, the

womb]. The condition of having a double womb.

Dimidiate (di-mid'-t at) [di, apart; medius, middle].
In biology, divided into halves, or represented by one
half only ; one-sided. Applied to an anther whose
lobes are widely separated by a broad connective, or
to animals that are male on one side and female on
the other.

Diminished Breathing. See Breath-sounds.

Dimorphism \di-morf -izm) [rf/'c, double ; im, ,<.,/,. form].
The property of assuming or of existing under two
distinct forms.

Dimorphous [di-morf' -us) [rftc, double ; uopoi], form].
In chemistry, having the quality of two forms of
crystallization. In biology, existing in two form-,
as individuals of the same species that differ in
form, structure, size, or color.

Dimple [dhn'-pl) [AS., dynf\. A slight depression.

Dingee [din'-ge). Synonym of Dengue.

Dingler's Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of

Dinic, Dinical {din'-ik, or din'-ik-al) [Sivog, whirl].
Pertaining to or useful in the relief of vertigo.

Dinitrobenzene (di-ni-tro-ben,-zen) [di, two; nitrum,
niter; benzene], C6H4(N02)2. One of the ingredients
of Roburite, q.v.

Dinner Pills. A name applied to various mild cathartic
pills taken after meals. See Lady Webster Pill.

Dinomania [din-o-ma' -ne-ah) [divog, a whirling dance ;
fiavia, mania]. Dancing-mania. Choromania, q.

Dinus (di'-nus) [iYivoc, whirl]. Vertigo or dizziness.

Dioecious (di-e/-shus). See Diecious.

Diogenes' Cup. See Poculum diogenis.

Diogmus (di-og,-mus) [Siuy/idg, a chase]. Palpitation
of the heart.

Dionaea (di-o-ue'-ah) [Aiuvjj, Dione]. A genus of
plants. D. muscipula, a plant of the Sundew family,
growing in the Carolinas; Venus's fly-trap. It cap-
tures and feeds upon various insects, and i-; said to
contain droserin and azerin, the same digestive fer-
ments that occur in Drosera, </.:■. Unof.

Dionym (di'-o-nim) [Sig, two; bw/ia, name]. A name
consisting of two words, as medulla oblongata; corpus
callosum.

Diophthalmus {di-off-thaV -mus). See Diprosopus.

Diopsimeter (di-op-sim/ -et-er) [Siml/ir, clear vision ;
rpov, a measure]. An instrument for exploration of
the visual field.

Diopter [di-op'-ter). See Dioptry.

Dioptometer (di-op-tom' -ef-er) . Same as Optometer.

Dioptometry [di-oh-tom,-et-re) [Sumriip, a watchman ;
iii-iinv, a measure]. The measurement of the accom-
modative and refractive states of the eye.

I»I« 'ITKAI.

376

DIPHYCER< \I

Dioptral watchman] Pertain-

ing >trj ; i- n dioptric s.

Dioptre

Dioptric through ;

i. Pertaining to transmitted and refracted light
A

Dioptrics . i" seel.

A bran lion of light

bj transparent i bj the media of the

Dioptrv to see].

The m 1 unit of measurement

...-) spherical 1 1 > i -
dioptry :. al distance of one

in. • tries, .i focal distance of one-

hall' .1 ii. U-lenses.

Diorthos.- [,!<<j. throughout; bpd6t . t>>

■n]. I he surgical correction of a deformity,
or i .in injur]

Diorthotic [did, throughout ; bpddeiv, to

• >r effecting a diorthosis.
Dioscorea .;//) [Dioscorides, a fam.>u-

■I an.l botanist]. Wild Vam, Colic
of D. villosa, a creeping-plant,
in.: stem U. S. It is claimed to be ex-

int, diapb ind stimulant to the intestinal

al, in causing neuralgic pains and

ut. It is used successfully for bilious
D., Fid. Ext., of standard strength, dose
rr\_\v-.w\. Unof.
Dioscorein i it '-. i ■ko'-re-in) [Dioscorides, a Greek bot-
anist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of
lr i- antispasmodic, expectorant,
and tic. Dose 5^ to 4 grains. Unof.

Diosma [dtoc, divine; 6a/i^, odor]. Buchu.

Diosmin divine; offfiij, odor]. An

ibtained from various species of Buchu.
It is . bitter substance. Unof.

Diosmosis Same as Osmosis.

Diotic . car]. Binaural ;

th ears.
Dioxid it ks'-id) [die, twi -harp]. An oxid

and one of a metal.
Dipentene ' ,0H,g. Cinene ; a compound

. camphor, and limonene

It 1- present in the Russian and

til. It is a Liquid with an agree-

ab' g] . ,.s; 5 ; boils at 1 75 —

Dipetalous [dtc, two; . a leaf ].

Dipheny . purple red], Ci-

ting Ire .111 the action of sodium
ether or benzene.
It 1 itallizes from ah

1-. melting at 71' I

D. -methane, ( ',,1 1,.- Benzyl

! from benzyl chlorid

uble in alcohol and ether,

- in needles.

■

Diphenylamin ,.,,/.• amiri\,

' 1 in the dry distilla-

inilin blue. ; it is

■ ! anilin to
m pound,
i mo

D. Orange.
Diphenylol

obtained by diazotizing amido dipheny] sulphate. It

sublime^ in shining leaflets, nicking at 1050 ('., and
boiling at .i°5-'s° C.

Diphosphate it-id) [di, twice ; phosphorus].

Any phosphatid containing the phosphorized radical
twice (such irin). Diphosphatids exist in the

ain-substance and in other animal tissues.

Diphtheria [dif-, or dip-the* '-re-ah) [dupdepa, a skin or
membrane]. An acute, epidemic, infectious disease,
generall) regarded as ol specific contagious origin,
attacking especially the mucous membrane of the air-
passages, and producing profound depression of the
vital forces. It is characterized specifically by the
formation of layers of whitish oryellowish membrane
upon the mucous membrane of the pharynx,
nose, and larynx, and upon any existing cutaneous
abrasion. The duration of the disease is from one to
two weeks, death, when it follows, occurring usually
within a week. There are certain grave sequehe
that must be noted; chief among these are various
forms of paralysis, especially of the palate. The
prognosis is always grave. To stain the microorgan-
isms of diphtheria see Loffler's Method, Gram's
Mr/hod, — a fragment of false membrane being spread
on a cover-glass, dried, and otherwise treated as a
cover-glass preparation. D., Antitoxin Treatment
of, the treatment of diphtheria with subcutaneous in-
jections of the blood-serum of animals, and more es-
pecially the horse, rendered immune to diphtheria by
previous and repeated inoculation with progressively
increasing doses of the toxic products of the bacillus
diphtheric D. circumscripta, a peculiar form of
diphtheria described by Barrett, in which a distinct
circumscribed slough appears on one tonsil, and death
often results. D., Cutaneous, a form involving abra-
sions of the skin. D., Gangrenous, a gangrene of
the skin and mucous membrane sometimes accompany-
ing diphtheria. D., Laryngeal, a form involving the
larynx, threatening death by suffocation . D., Malig-
nant, a very fatal form, beginning with rigor, vomit-
ing, and attended with typhoid symptoms. D., Nasal,
a form in which the diphtheritic membrane spreads to
the nasal passages, and is accompanied by a fetid.
brown discharge. D., Secondary, a term designating
the occurrence of the disease in association with other
acute affections, such as typhoid fever, scarladna, etc
D., Paraffin Treatment of, the membrane is scraped
or peeled off, and paraffin is applied to the raw surface
every hour by means of a large camel's hair brush.

Diphtheric {dif-ther' -ik) [d/pflepa, a skin or mem
brane]. Pertaining to diphtheria. D. Conjuncti-
vitis, a form of conjunctivitis attended with an infil-
tration of coagulable matter or inflammatory products.
D. Membrane, the pellicle forming on the parts
involved in the diphtheric process. D. Paralysis, a
paralysis frequently affecting the muscles of the soft
palate and larynx, after tin- healing of the lesions of
e parts.

Diphtheritic [dif-ther-iP-ik) \ditydepa, a skin or mem-
brane], Same as Diphtheric, q.\

Diphtheritis [dif-ther-P-tis). See Diphtheria.

Diphtheroid [diff -ther-oid) \6i<pBepa, a skin or mem-
brane]. Resembling diphtheria. D. Throat. Syn-
onym of // rpetic Tonsilitis.

Diphthongia (dif-thon' '-je-ah) [die, double ; ffti,
a voir.]. The production of a double tone of the
voice by the incomplete unilateral paralysis ol the re-
current nerve, or by some lesion of the vocal bands
that causes each portion of the glottis to produce its
own sound.

Diphycercal [dif-i-ser* -kal) \pttyvf]c, double .

tail]. In biology, applied to fishes that have the

DIl'IIVCKNIC

377

DIPSOSIS

caudal fin-rays arranged equally above and below
the extremity of the spinal column.

Diphygenic [dif-i-gen' ik) [<5^v//c, of a two-fold nature
or form ; yevvav, to produce]. In biology, producing
successively two sorts of embryos.

Diphyllous (cii-jil'-us) [J/'c, two; tyv'A'Aov, leaf]. In
biology, composed of two leaves or sepals.

Diphyodont \diff -e-o-dont) [dupv/'/c, twofold; ddovg,
tooth]. In biology, having two sets of teeth, as the
milk-teeth and the permanent teeth.

Diplacusis [dip-lak-u' '-sis) \_Snr%6og, double; axovaig,
hearing]. I. The hearing of a tone as higher by one
ear than by the other ; called D. binauralis. 2. The
hearing of two tones by one ear, when only one tone
is produced ; called D. uniauralis, or D. monauricu-
/art's.

Diplanetic (di-plan-ct'-ik) [J/c, twice ; Tr'/avriToq, wan-
dering]. In biology, applied to organisms that are
tw'ce active with an intervening period of qui-
escence.

Diplastic (di-plas'-tik) [J/c, two; -/.aaaetv, to form].
A term applied to cells having two substances in their
constitution.

Diplegia [di-pW -je-aK) [rf/c, double; -?.r/yij, stroke].
Coincident paralysis of two corresponding parts, as of
the two arms. Double or bilateral hemiplegia.

Diplegic (di-p/e'-Jik) [r5/c, double ; ~'/a/yi/, stroke]. Re-
lating to or of the nature of diplegia.

Dipleuric [di-plu' -rik) [<J/c, two; ir'Aevpd, side]. In
biology, bilaterally symmetric.

Diplococcus (dip-lo-kok'-us) \_di-\6oq, double ; kokko^,
kernel]. A micrococcus whose spherules are joined
two and two. See Micrococcus and Bacteria.

Diplocoria (dip-lo-ko' -re-ah) [Sltvaoo^, double ; ndpr/,
pupil]. That state in which the pupil is double.

Diploe {dip'-lo-e) [ihn?,oi/, a fold]. The cellular osse-
ous tissue between the tables of the skull.

Diploetic (dip-lo-et'-ik) [Si-'/.oi/, a fold]. Relating to
the diploe ; diploic.

Diplogenesis (dip-lo-jen' '-es-is) [_(h-r?.6oq, double ; yeveaiq,
production]. The development of a double or twin
monstrosity.

Diploic [dip-lo' -ik) [_6tTv?.oij, a fold]. Pertaining to the
diploe.

Diploma {dip-lo' -mah) [diir'Aufia, a diploma]. A doc-
ument granted by an authorized body of men, show-
ing that the recipient has performed certain work under
the prescribed conditions, and is entitled to a definite
professional rank and title.

Diplomyelia ( dip-lo-tni-e' '-le-ah ) [ SmAooq, double ;
fivs?Mc, marrow]. An apparent doubleness of the
spinal cord, produced by a longitudinal fissure.

Diplophony (dip-loff'-o-ne) [di-Mog, double ; ©wry,
voice]. Same as Diphthongia.

Diplophonia (dip-lo-fo'-tte-ah) [ov-P.oor, double; o< ■ \ ,
voice], A rare symptom of laryngeal disease in
which a double note is produced in the larynx. It is
stated by Gottstein to occur in some cases of paraly-
sis, or when a small tumor is situated so that on pho-
nation it lies between the vocal band-. Cf. Diph-
thongia.

Diplopia {dip-lo* -pe-ah) [ih-/6or, double ; btfiig, sight].
Double vision, one object being seen by the eye or eyes
as two. D., Binocular, the most frequent, is due to
a derangement of the muscular balance, the images oi
the object being thereby thrown upon non-identical
points of the retinae. D., Crossed, or D., Heter-
onymous, the result of divergent strabismus, the
image of the right eye appearing upon the left side,
and that of the left eye upon the right side. D.,
Direct, or D., Homonymous, the reverse of Crossed
D.,due either to paralysis of the external rectus or

over-action of tin- internal rectus. D., Physiologic,
that produced when an imperfect image is seen beyond
or within the distance of tin- object accommodated for
and transfixed by the visual axes. D., Monocular,
or D., Uniocular, diplopia with a single eye, usually
due to polycoria or other imperfections of the media.

Diplopic (dip-lo' -pik) \6tir7i6o , double; bipiq, sight].
Relating to or affected with diplopia.

Diplopiometer {dip-lo-pe-om' -et-er) \8tir7u6ogt double;
61/xc, sight; fierpov, measure]. An instrument tor
measuring the degree of double vision.

Diploplacula {dip-lo-plak/-u-lah\ [<)/-'/</oc, double ;
irXdfj, a tablet or plate]. In biology, a placula or
discoid embryo composed of two layers of cells.

Diplostemonous {dip-lo-stem' -o-nus) [6m'/.6oc, double ;
ori/iicjv, a thread]. In biology, applied to a flower in
which the stamens are double the number of sepals and
petals.

Diploteratography (dip-lo-ter-al-og' -ra-fe) [SarMog,
double; repac, a monster; ypdipetv, to write]. A
term used by Fisher to denote the description and
diagnosis of special forms of double monsters.

Diploteratology (dip-lo-ter-at-ol'-o-je) [(Utz'auuc, double;
repaq, a monster; "kdyog, science]. The science of
twin monstrosities.

Dippel's Animal Oil. < Ileum cornu cervi ; a pyrolig-
neous oil, containing ammonium carbonate, amin>,
and aromatic compounds. It is obtained in distilling
bone and deer's horn. It is antispasmodic and stimu-
lant, Unof.

Dipropargyl (di-pro-par' '-/// ), CfiHH. One of the hydro-
carbons ; a mobile liquid, of penetrating odor, isomeric
with benzene ; it boils at S50 C. ; its specific gravity at
l8° C. equals o.Sl. If allowed to stand or if heat be ap-
plied to it, dipropargyl polymerizes and becomes thick
and resinous.

Diprosopia (di-pro-so'-pe-ah) [fJ/c> double ; ■xp6cu~ov,
face]. In teratology, the duplication of the face.

Diprosopus [di-pros' -o-ptis) [6iq, double ; Trpoau-nv,
face]. A monster characterized by a duplicity of the
face and head, frequently associated with hydroceph-
alus, acrania, defective development of the brain,
and spina bifida. The diprosopi have been classified
as follows: I. Diprosopus diophthalmus. 2. D. dis-
tort! us. " Fisher has described the tirst case of dipro-
sopus diophthalmus, or distornus, reported in English. "
There was anencephalus, a broad duplex nose, two
mouths, one oral cavity, two tongues. 3. D. trioph-
thalmus. In this variety there are three eyes, often
with other deformities of the face and head, such as
acrania, hare lip, and cleft-palate. 4. D. tetrophthaJ-
i/ius. In this variety the differentiation of the two
faces is further advanced, but there are still but two
ears. There are present four eyes. 5. D. triotus. In
this variety there are usually four eyes and always three
ears. 6. D. tetrotus. In this variety, the intermediate
stage between diprosopus and dicephalus, there are
four eyes and four ears, with considerable duplicity in
the cervical region. This is an extremely rare condi-
tion in the human race.

Dipsesis [dip [Aiipt/atg, thirst]. Extreme thirst.

Dipsetic {dip-set'-ik) \pvtyi(Tui&s, causing thirst]. Caus-
ing or attended with thirst.

Dipsomania [dip-so-ma* '-ne-ah) [Alifta, thirst ; uavia,
madness]. The uncontrollable desire for spirituous
liquors. This is generally considered as a disease.

Dipsomaniac (dip-so-maf -nc-ak) \6h\>a, thirst; fiavia,
madness]. A person affected with dipsomania.

Dipsopathy [dip-sop' -a-the) [Siipa, thirst; -ulhc, affec-
tion]. Any disease depending upon or related to
alcoholic excess.

Dipsosis (dip- so' -sis). See Dipsesis.

DIPTERi H ARPl S

:;:-

DISEASE

Dipterocarpus two

winged , . lrmt]. A genus of trees, mostl) S

Asiatic. D

oil or gurjun balsam.
Dipterous . wing]. In

■ I.

Dipt< .1 wing]. A

us of leguminous in i - D. odorata, the tree that

luces tin- l'.'iik.i

Dipygus .double; buttocks]. A

monstrosit) with mi - duplication of the pelvis

.111' I lo'.v

Dircu • . i fountain near rhebes], A

gei D. palustris, wicopy,

a \ American thyme
rith the properties of mezereon. li is
tic practice for dyspepsia and
hemii rania. L i
Direct . straight]. In a right or

ight line. D. Current. See Current. D.,
Image D. Ophthalmoscopy. See

D. Vision, the perception of an
of which falls upon the maculae.
Direction un) [di . to direct]. Rela-

ti\ insidered without regard to linear dis-

tance. D. -spindle, a fusiform body of the ovula,
tching from the germinal vesicle toward the surface.
Director .-, to guide]. Anything

thai D., Grooved, an instrument

guide the knife in surgical operations.
Dirigomotor [dir-ig r) [dirigere, to direct;

. a mover]. Causing or involving motion and
at the same time direi ting that motion to an end.
Dirt : '.') [ME., drit\ Excrement; feces. D. -eat-
ing. See Chth ia and Geophagism.
Dis [8ic, twice]. A prefix used to denote two or

' . l prefix to denote apart from.
Disaccharids [di-sak'-ar-ids). See Carbohydrates.
Disarthral it^-thral) [dig, twice ; apdpov, a joint].

• muscles that pass over two joints, e.g., the
tri'
Disarticulation tik-u-ta' -shun ) [dis, apart ;

Amputation in the contiguity
;rt or at a joint.
Disassimilation im-il-a' -shun) [disassimilatio'].

In ophthalmology, the decomposition of visual sub-
I ina.
Disassociation [dis-as-o-se-a' 'shun) [dis, apart; asso-
f, to unite with]. In chemistry, the decomp

and by beat, the molecules reuniting
ival of the heat.
Disc a quoit or round plate] . A cir-

cul m or body, especially the papilla of

th< ive into the eye-

Is with that of the blind spot.
1" i instrument in the form of a disc,

id paper, for fin

illings on surface- th. D., Blood.

D. -carrier, an instrument ap-

f ir the better application

indum di th. D., Choked. See

D., Corundum. A device used in den

away a portion ;
'' ' and applied by means

: -tin. nl and

I angle with the shaft

D., Cupping of. xtion

D., Germinal, the small disc

. in whii h the in si

D., Hypermetropic,

in hyperme-

D., Proligerous

Discharge {dis-charjf) [ME., dischargen, to unload].
Any evacuation ; thai which is evacuated. See also
Pigments, Colors and Dyestuffs.

Discharger (r//.v'-<7/<//'-/',';). See Electric.

Discharging (dis-cAarf'-tng) [Ml... dischargen, to on-
load]. Unloading, flowing out, as pus, etc. D.
Centers, nerve centers whence emanate influences
which, according to the structures at the other ends
the nerves connected with them, may cause move
i units (muscles), secretion (gland i, 01 o infraction ol
-els. D. Lesion, a brain-lesion thai causes sudden
discharges of nervous motor influent

Disciferous [dis-if/-er-us)[discus, a disc \ferre, to hear].
In biology, disc bearing.

Discifloral \dis' -if-lo-ral) [discus, a disc ; jlos (Jlor), a
flower]. In biology, applied to su<h flowers as have
the receptacle expanded into a conspicuous disi

Discissio cataractse. See Discission.

Discission {dis-ishf -un) [discissio; discindere, to tear or
cut apart]. I, Bilateral incision, as of the cervix
uteri. 2. An operation for cataract. See Cataract.

Discoblastula [dis-ko-blasf -tu-lah) [dionoc, a disc ;
7 '<■■'"'».', a germ]. In embryology, theblastula result
ing from the development of a discomorula.

Discocarp UHsf -ko-karf) [rJ/rwcoc, a disc ; Kapnd
fruit]. In biology, applied to those fruits in which
the expanded receptacle encloses the seeds or achenia ;
also the same as Apothecium.

Discocytula [dis-ko-sitf u-laK) [8iono(, a disc ; d n
cell]. In embryology, the cytula resulting from the
reformation of a nucleus in a discomonerula.

Discodactyl {dis-ko-dak1 '-til) [8'uskdc, a disc ; 6&ktv2.oc,
a finger]. In biology, applied to those animals [e
toads and frogs) the ends of whose toes are provided
with disc-like dilatations.

Discogastrula [dis-ko-gas' '-tru-lah) [8ioKoc, a disc;
; aarfip, belly ; gastrule, a two-layered germ-cup]. The
gastrula resulting from discoid egg-cleavage or discoid
segmentation of the yolk.

Discoid or Discoidal {dis,-koid, dis-koi' -dal) [6ioko< . a
disc]. Somewhat disc-shaped.

Discomonerula [dis-ko-mo-ner'-u-lak) [SIokdc, disc;
fiovijpTjg, solitary]. In embryology, a disc-like
monerula of a meroblastir ovum.

Discomorula (liis-ko-moi' -n/a/i) [SlaKOt , a disc; morula,
dim. of morion, a mulberry]. In embryology, a disc-
like morula of a meroblastic ovum.

Discrete {Jis-kref ') [discretus, separated]. A term
applied to exanthematous eruptions in which the
pustules or papules remain distinct. The opposite of
confluent.

Discus (dis'-kui) [SIokoc, a disc]. A disc. D.prolig-
erus, the elevated cells of the membrana granulosa of
the ovum, whereby the ovum is attached.

Discussion {dis-kush* un) [discussio~\. The scattering
or driving awayofa swelling, effusion, or tumor.

Discutient {dis-ku' -shent) [discutere, to shake apart].
1. Capable of effecting res, ,11111011 or discussion. 2.
A medicine supposed to have the power of scattei
ing or discussing a swelling.

Disdiaclast [dis-di' '-ak-last) [rftc, double ; 81&, through ;

ix'/i'iur, to break down], An\ one of the (suppo
small doubly refractive elements in the contractile
discs changing its position during muscular contrac-
tion and relaxation.
Disease ') [dis negative; ease, a state of rest].

\ condition of the bodj marked by inharmonious
action of one or more of the various organs, owing to
abnormal condition or structural change. A Table of
I ' ■ i named after men who have described or have
• 1 tally studied them is appended. D., Acute, a
disease marked by raj. id onsel and course. D., Bad,

DISENGAGEMENT

379

DISSEMINA1 ED.

a synonym of syphilis. D., Bleeders', synonym of
Hemophilia. D., Chronic, one that is slow in its

course. D., Constitutional, one in which a system
of organs or the whole body is involved. D., Coarse,
the macroscopic organic lesions in a disease* D.,
Cretinoid. See Myxedema. D. of Ditmarsch, a
form of endemic syphilis that was seen in Ditmarsi h
from 1762-1842. D., Fatigue. See Fatigue. D.,
Feigned, the wilful simulation of disease or injury,
through malice or for the purpose of attaining a
desired end. D., Focal, a centrally localized dis
of the nervous system as distinguished from peripher-
ally localized affections. D., Functional, abnor-
mality of function without discoverable organic lesion.
D., Grouse. See Grouse Disease. D., Idiopathic,
one that exists by itself without any connection with
another disorder; one of which the cause is unknown.
D., Intercurrent, a disease occurring during the pro-
gress of another of which it is independent. D.,
Knife-grinder's, chronic catarrhal bronchitis met with
in knife-grinders. D., Pearl-worker's, a recurrent
bone-inflammation, with enormous hypertrophy of the
bone, seen in workers in pearl-dust. D., Saint Goth-
ard, a synonym of Anchylostomiasis or Dochmiasis,
a. v. D., Septic, one arising from the putrefactive
fermentation of some foreign substance within the
body. D.ofSiam. Synonym of Yellow Fever. D.,
Specific, one caused by the introduction of a specific
virus or poison within the body; also a synonym of
Syphilis. D., Subacute, one more protracted and less
active than an acute disease. D., Subchronic, one
less protracted than a chronic disease, but more pro-
tracted than an acute disease. D., Symptomatic, a
disease caused by or connected with another ailment
of the body. The opposite of idiopathic disease. D.,
Zymotic, a term used to include the whole class of
germ-diseases, or those arising from the introduction
and multiplication of some living germ within the body.

Disengagement {dis-en-gaj* '-ment) [Fr. , desengager, to
disengage]. Emergence from a confined state ; espe-
cially the escape of the fetus from the vaginal canal.

Disfigurement [dis-fig' -ur-ment) [dis, priv.; Jigurare,
to fashion]. Blemish; deformity.

Disinfectant {dis-in-fek' -tanf) [dis, neg. ; inficere, to
corrupt]. An agent that destroys disease-germs and
noxious properties of fermentation and putrefaction.

Disinfection {dis-in-fek'-shun) [dis, neg. ; inficere, to
corrupt]. The destroying of disease-germs by means
of heat, chemic substances, fumigation, or by fresh
air. D., Ransom's Apparatus for, a method of
disinfection by means of dry heat. Washington
Lyon's Apparatus, a method in which steam is em-
ployed as the active agent.

Disinfectol [dis-in-fek* '-tot) [dis, neg. ; inficere, to cor-
rupt]. An antiseptic substance analogous to creolin
and lysol. It is used in the form of a two to live per
cent, emulsion.

Disinfector {dis-in-fek' '-tor) [dis, neg. ; inficere, to cor-
rupt]. An apparatus for the purpose of disinfection.

Disintegrate (dis-inf -te-grat) [dis, apart; integer, the
whole]. To break up or decompose.

Disinvagination {dis-in-vaj-in-ar -shun \ [dis, neg. ; in,
in ; vagina, a sheath]. The reduction or relief of an
invagination.

Disjoint (dis-join/') [disjoindre, to disjoin]. To dis-
articulate ; to separate, as bones, from their natural
relations.

Disk. See Disc.

Disklet [disk' -let) [ff/ff«oc, a disc]. A little disc.

Dislocation [dis-lo-kaf-shun) [dis, apart; locare, to
place]. The luxation or abnormal displacement of
one or more bones of a joint, or of any organ from its

natural position. D., Complete, tin- bones entirely
separated. D., Compound, tin- coverings of the
joint ruptured, D., Consecutive, the displai

li ■ i- nol in '< as when originally

misplaced. D. of Eyeball, displai ementofthe eyeball
outside of the lid-. D. of Lens, the crystalline leu-,
thrown out ..1 its capsule, or misplaced so thai it •
n.it occupy u- prupci- position In-hind the pupil. D.,
Old, inflammatory changes having ensued. D.,
Partial, or Incomplete, the articulating -.urfaces re-
maining in partial contact ; called, also, Subluxation.
D., Primitive, the bones remaining as originally
displaced. D., Recent, no inflammatory changes
having ensued. D., Simple, without laceration of
the surrounding parts. Diastasis, dislocation of an
amphiarthrotic joint ; also a separation, as of the parts
of a muscle, or of the epiphysis <>i a bone from the
diaphysis.

Disorder (dis-or/-der). See Pi ease.

Disorganization (dis-or-gan-iz-a1 '-shun) [dis, priv. ;
anizare, to organize]. Destruction or loss of or-
ganic structure ; complete pathologic or traumatic
change in the minute structure of any tissue.

Disparate {ciis'-par-at) [dispar, unequal]. Not alike ;
unequal or unmated. D. Points, non-identical
points of the two retinae. Diplopia is produced when
the images of a single object fall upon such points.

Dispareunia [dis-par-oor-ne-ah). See Dyspareunia.

Dispensary (dis-pens'-ar-e) [dispensare, to distribute].
A charitable institution where medical treatment is
given the poor and medicines are dispensed on pre-
scription.

Dispensatory (dis-pens/-al-or-e) [dispensatorium, an
apothecary's diary]. A treatise on the materia medica,
and the composition, effects, and preparation of medi-
cines.

Dispensing (dis-pcns'-incf) [dispensare, to weigh out].
The measuring, weighing, and issuing of the drugs
ordered in a prescription.

Dispersion {dis-per* -shun) [dispersio; dispersus, scat-
tered]. The resolution, discussion, or scattering of
an inflammation or other morbid condition. In phys-
ics, the separation of a ray of white light into colored
rays ; also, any scattering of light, as that which has
passed through ground glass.

Dispirem [di-spV -rem) [dis, two; spira, a spiral].
In embryology, the two skeins of a dividing nucleus
formed from the nuclear loops and giving rise to the
daughter nuclei. It is the seventh stage of Karyo-
kinesis, </. t.

Displacement (dis-plds'-ment) [Fr. , desplacer , to dis-
place]. A putting out of place ; applied to various
organs, as the uterus, heart, etc. D. of Mortality.
See Cam of s Doctrin .

Dispora caucasica {dis' -por-ah ka-w-kas'-ik-ah). See
Bacillus caucasicus, under Bacteria, Synonymatic
Tab 'e of.

Disposition {dis-po-sish' '-un) [dispositio, an arranging].
Tendency, either physical or mental, to certain diseases.

Dissection [dis-ek' '-shun) [dissectio, re, to cut up].

The dUa-^ociation and exposition by means of incis-
ions, cutting apart, etc.. of the organs of the body, foi
purposes of scientific study. Dissecting Aneurysm.
Aneurysm. Dissecting Wound, injury during
dissection, with consequent introduction of septic
material. It may become constitutional and result in
septicemia, or it may take the form of warts, Verruca
a rogenica. The sore resulting directly from the prick
or abrasion is called Post-mortem pustule.

Disseminated [dis-em/-in-a-ted) [disseminare, to scat-
ter seed]. Scattered; spread over a large area. D.
Sclerosis. See Insular Sclerosis.

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relapses.

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Chronic mucous discharge.

Those of inflammation of the cord
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cles; myotonic reaction; reflexes
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volvement of the bone.

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pains; jaundice; headache; course,
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( Jeneral disease.

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Striimpell's disease.

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Thomsen's disease.
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Dissemination {dis-em-in-a' -shun) [dis, apart; setnin-
, to sow]. The scattering or dispersion of disease
< >r disease germs.

Dissepiment (dis-ep'-e-menf) [dis, apart ; sapire, to
dge in]. A partition, septum, or diaphragm.

Dissipation [dis-ip-a' 'shun) [dissipare, to scatter] . A
dispersion of matter or of the morbid conditions that
caiw disease.

Dissociation (dis-so-se-a'-shun) [dis, apart ; sociare, to
associate]. In physiology, the separation of the com
ponent elements of a compound. In chemistry, the
decomposition of a compound by means of high tem-
perature D. Symptom, anesthesia to pain and to
a and cold, with preservation of tactile sensibility
I of the muscular sense ; it is observed in syrii
myelia.

Dissolution (dis-o-lu* -shun) [dissolution dissolvere, to
set free]. A solution of the continuity of a part. De-
composition arising from the death of the body or its
parts ; death.

Dissolvent [diz-ol' -vent) [dissolvere, to loosen, dis-
solve]. A solvent.

Dissonance [disf -o-nans) [dissononare, to disagree in
sound]. The combination of such tones as are so dif-
ferent from each other as to produce beats.

Distad {dis'-tad) [distare, to be at a distance; ad, to].
In the direction of the free extremity of an appendage
or part. See Position and Direction, Table of.

Distal [dis'-tal) [distare, to be at a distance]. At the
greatest distance from the trunk, heart, or mesial line.
See Position and Direction, Table of. D. Clot. See
Clot.

Distally (<lis'-tal-e) [distare, to beat a distance]. Dis-
tad.

Distance [dis/-tans) [distantia, distance]. The
measure of space between two objects. D., Working,
in the microscope, the distance from the front lens
of an objective to the object, when the objective is
correctly focused.

Distemper [dis-tem,-per) [distemperare, to dissolve] . I .
Disease; malady; indisposition; most commonly
applied to the diseases of animals. 2. A disease of
young flogs, commonly considered as a catarrhal dis
order. D. Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and D
stitffs.

Disten [dis' -ten) [distare, to be at a distance]. Belong-
ing to the distal aspect in itself.

Distention [dis-ten' -shun) [distendere, to stretch].
The state of being dilated.

Distichiasis [dis-tik-i' -as-is) [Sig, double; ct/'joc, a
row]. The condition of a double row of eyelashes,
the inner rubbing against the globe.

Distichous [dis/-lik-us) [diart %og, having two rows].
In biology, in two perpendicular rows; applied to the
arrangement of leaves or other organs.

Distillation [dis-til-a' '-shun) [destillarc, to drop little
l>v little]. The double process of vaporization and
condensation of the vapor. Tlii- is used mainly in
purifying liquids by separating them from non-volatile
sub D., Destructive, the decomposition of

a substance in a close vessel in such a manner ;^ to
tin liquid products. The substances that are sub-
mitted to destructive distillation are in the main solid-,
as wood, coal, shales, bones, and animal refuse. D.,
Fractional, a process of decomposition of complex
liquid bodies depending upon the fact that, if a mixture
liquids, each having a different boiling-point, be
heated, the one having the lowesl boiling point will
- over first, and if the temperature is not increased
beyond that point at which the distillation of this
fraction take- place, no other constituent will come
over; if the ' mperature I"- gradually increased the

hisrociA

393

1»< H IMASV

others will follow in the order of thrir boiling-points.
In cases in which the boiling-points are close, the
action of one substance upon another often prevents

exact separations.

Distocia (dis-to* '-se-ah) [Sig, double; rbitog, birth].
1 (elivery or birth of twins.

Distoma uiis-to'-mah), or Distomum (dis-to'-muin)
[rf/c, double ; ard/ia, a mouth]. A genus of trema-
tode worms. See Parasites (Animal), Table of.

Distomiasis (dis-to-mi'-as-is) [dig, double ; ardfia,
mouth]. The symptoms produced by th<
certain trematodes or tlukes in the human system.

Distomum (dis-to' -mum) [Sig, double; ardfia, mouth].
Same as Distoma. See Parasites {Animal), Tab!

Distomus {dis-to' -miis). See Diprosopus.

Distortion (dis-tor' '-s/iiui) [distorquere, to distort]. I.
A twisted or bent shape; deformity or malformation,
acquired or congenital. 2. A writhing or twisting
motion, as of the face; a grimace.

Distortor oris [dis-tor* '-ter 0' -ris) [1.., " the distortor of
the mouth " ]. The zygomaticus minor muscle. See
Muscles, Table of.

Distribution (dis-trib u'-shun) [distribuere, to distri-
bute]. The branching of a nerve or artery, and the
arrangement of its branches within those parts that it
supplies.

Distrix (dis'-triks) [rS/c, two; Opii;, hair]. The splitting
of the distal ends of the hair.

Disulphate (di-suP -faf) [</w, two ; sulphur]. In chem-
istry, an acid sulphate.

Bisulphone (di-suP-fon) \_dis, double; sulphur].
One of the solid, crystalline, very stable compounds,
produced on oxidizing the di-thio-ethers or thio-acetals
with a permanganate solution. The disulphones are
not attacked by acids or alkalies.

Disuse-amblyopia. See Argamblyopia.

Disvulnerability (dis-vul-ner-ab-iP -it-e) [dis, neg. ;
vulnerare, to wound]. The power of abnormally
rapid recovery from wounds, said to be a peculiarity
of many criminals.

Dita Bark (di'-tali) [L.]. The bark of Alstonia scho-
laris, native to the Philippine Islands. It is employed
as a tonic and antiperiodic in intermittent fever.
Dose of the tincture, 3 j-ij ; of the fluid extract, gtt.
ij-v ; of the powder, gr. v. Unof.

Ditain ( dit' -a-iu) [Dita], C44H30N,O. An alkaloid of
Dita, occurring as a yellow amorphous substance.

Ditamin (diP-am-in). Same as Ditain.

Ditana digitifolia (dit-a'-nah dij-it-if-or -le-ah) [L. ].
A Mexican plant said to possess galactagogue proper-
ties. The existence of such a plant has been ques-
tioned.

Dithecal (di-the/-kal) [6ig, two; B^kt), a case]. In
biology, having two thec;e or anther-cells.

Ditokus (diP-o-kus) [8i£, two; tekeiv, to bring forth].
In biology, giving birth to twins, or laying two egg-.

Ditrichotomous [di-trik-oP -o-mus) [die, two; -
threefold; riumr, to cut]. In biology, divided into
twos and threes.

Dittany (diP-an-e) [American]. See Cunila mariana.

Dittel's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Dittopsia [dit-topr" -se-ah). Synonym of Diplopia.

Dittrich's Plugs. Masses of granular matter, degene-
rated epithelium, and crystals of the fatty acids 1 chiefly
butyric acid) plugging up the ends of the bronchial
tubes in cases of gangrene of the lung. They are
yellowish-brown in color, of very fetid odor, and
vary in size from a millet-seed to a bean.

Diuresis (di-u-re'-sis) [pin, through : , to make

water]. Abnormal increase in the secretion of urine.

Diuretic (di-u-reP -ik) [Sua, through : . to make-

water]. I. Increasing the flow of urine. 2. A

medicine that inci the secretion and flow of

urine.

Diuretin (di-u-re'-tin) [dm, through; . to make

water],' -ll-\a.\u,.< „H4OH< OONa. Theobromin
sodio salicylate, containing 50 pei 0 nt. of theobromin
salicylate. It ha- been found useful as a diureti
pleuritic effusion and cardiac dropsy. Dose 90 grain-
daily, in 15-grain d' 1

Diurnule [di-urn'-Al | [It.]. \ form of medicinal tablet
that contains the maximum quantity of a toxic drug
that may be administered to an adult in 24 hours.

Divagation (di-vag-a' -shun) [divagatio, a wandering].
Incoherence of speech or thought.

Divalent [dP-val-ent) [dig, twice; valens, having
power]. Having power to combine with two m<
valent atoms, as a chemic compound. Thus, the
oxygen atom and the radical CH2 are divalent.

Divaricatio palpebrarum (di-var-ik-a'-she-o pal-pe-
bra'-rum). Synonym of Ectropion.

Divergent {\di-ver/-jent ) [divergere, to diverge]. Mov-
ing in different directions from a common point. D.
Strabismus. See Strabismus.

Divers' Disease. An affection similar to Caisson-
disease, i]. v., common in deep-water divers. D.
Paralysis. See Caisson-disease.

Diverticulum (di-ver-tik'-u-luni) [divertere, to turn:
//., Diverticula]. I. A small cul-de-sac or pouch ; an
offshoot from a main structure ; an organ supposed to
be a place of lodgment for superfluous blood. 2.
Variation from a normal structure ; malformation.
D., Meckel's, a sacculation of the ileum, owing to
the non-obliteration of the vitelline duct.

Divi-divi (div,-e-div,-e) [S. Amer.]. The seed-pods
of Ccesalpinia coriaria, a small tree found in South
America. The pods are about three inches long,
brownish in color, and generally bent, by drying,
into the shape of the letter S. They contain 30 to
50 per cent, of a peculiar tannin somewhat similar
to that of valonia, but liable to fermentation. Thev
are used in leather-manufactures.

Division (div-iz)d -un) [diziisio, a dividing]. Surgical
section into two or more parts ; separation into two or
more parts, such as occurs in certain cell-nuclei.

Divulsion (di-vuP-shun) [divulsio, a tearing apart].
The surgical or traumatic division of any part by tear-
ing it asunder.

Divulsor (di-vuP-sor) [L.]. Ati instrument for effect-
ing surgical divulsion, especially of a urethral stric-
ture.

Dizziness (dizf-e-nes). -See Vert

Dobell's Spray, or Solution. Liquor sodii boratis
compositus (N. F.) ; a solution of borax; sodium bicar-
bonate, and carbolic acid in glycerin and water; it
is valued as a spray for nasal and throat troubles.

Dobie's Line, or Stripe. See Lines, Table of .

Dochmiasis (dok-mi'-as-is) [66xfuog, crumpled]. The
diseased condition caused by the presence in the I
of parasites belonging to the genus Dochmius. Cf.
Ankyl tomiasis.

Dochmius (dok'-me-us) [S6x/uog, crumpled]. In biol-
ogy, a genus of thread-worm- of the family Strongy-
lidse. See Parasites (Animal), Table of .

Docimasia [dos-im-af— se-ah) [doiaftaaia ; tioniuaZEiv,
to examine]. I. Kxamination, especially a posl
mortem examination. 2. A test, especially a chemic
test, of poison-. 3. In pharmacy, the testing or
assaying of medicines. D. pulmonum. a mode of
determining whether a child has or has not been born
alive, by examination of the lungs.

Docimastic (dos-im-as/-tik) [AoKiuaa'ta; Soiuixd^eiv, to
examine]. Making use of tests ; testing; proving.

Docimasy (dosf -im-as-e) . See Dositnasia.

I M h K

394

Dl >RSIM1 SAL

Dock

Dockmackamus. 01 Dockmackie

inal ] rhe shrub
\. Km rica; used in dom ictice in

poulticing tumors, and as an alterative. I not.
Doctor ■'] A teacher. A

title conferred b) a uni> A physician

D. Gum, the resin ol

. uler-

and alterative. The name
iriven in the \N 1 various other soft resins.

Dodecadactylitis

t„ inflammation]. In-

flammation >>f the duodenum.
Dodecadactylon. .>r Dodecadactylu k-a-dak'-

(inger]. The
duodenum.
Dodecagynous twelve;

. having twelve pistils.
Dodccamerous twelve;

ut]. In biology, having the floral organs in

Dodecandrous ■>". twi

male]. In biology, having twelve

Dodecapetalous .twelve;

|. In biology, having a corolla con-

Doderlein, Bacillus of. Si Bacteria, Synonymatic

Dodging Time. The popular term among women for

itruation of varying dura-
stablishment of the menopause.
Dog-button

Dogma pinion; , to think].

A r taught by authority. A state-

: m--.ii. .il science.
Dog-rose ^ee Rosa canina.

Dog woo I a nus.

Dohrn's Method. A method of dressing the umbilical
stump is 1 with cotton wool lixed

with ^tum|w of adhesive plaster. This dressing is
. by umbilical ulceration.
Dolabr.i ['■•]■ A name applied to

D. currens. v< >■ . / ia. D.
repens.
Dolabriform m) [dolabra, a kind of

•]. In biology, shaped like an axe.
• eau's Operation. Table of.

Doliariin [dolium, a cask] . A vegetable

idin, obtained from Fiats
of Brazil. It is vermifuge,
n if.
Doli capax L. : //. , Doli capaces\ In

..f guilt : one able or old

.in. 1 wrong ; one morally

D. incapax.onr incapable, or

guish wrong from right, or to

rng doing.

Dolichocephalia „, long;

oof being dolichocephalic.
Dolichocephalic, or Dolichocephalous [dol-ik-o

or cephalic

i- ..r rai ■

Dolichohieric , long ;

Dolichopelli. - />„,

I vis.

Dolor [cUZ-lor) [dolere, to feel pain] Bodily or mental

pain or Suffering. D. colicus. Synonym of Enter-

ia. D. dentium, pain in the teeth. See Odon-

ia. Dolores praesagientes, precursory pains

felt 1>\ women in advance of labor.

Domatophobia {Jo-mat-o-fo'-bc-ah) [<i<j//a, house;

. fear]. Insane dread of being in a house; a

variety of claustrophobia.

Donath's Tests. See Tests, Table of. D. and Mayr-

hofer's Test. See Tests, Tabic <>/'.
Donda Ndugu [African]. Brother Ulcer; a disease
union on the e.i-l I i >.i ! of Africa, due to some

minute organism that infests stagnant water and enters
an abraded joint ol the lowei extremities, especially

of the lower third of the leg. The part becomes
swollen, and a deep seated slough occurs that burrows
beneath the health)- ti->ues. heath may follow from
exhaustion or hemorrhage. Those who recover are
generally permanently lamed.

Donders' Glaucoma. See Diseases, Table of. D.
Law. See Law. D. Schematic Eye, in optics, a
device for calculating the path of the rays from one
refracting surface to the other. D. Theory, a theory
of the formation of glaucoma, in which the disease is
supposed to originate in an irritation of the choroid
nerves.

Donegana's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Donne's Corpuscles, or Globules. See Globule and
Colostrum Corpuscles. D. Test. See Tests, Table of.

Donovan's Solution. See Arsenic.

Doornick's Horizontal Line. See Line.

Dorcadizant [dor-kad/-iz-attt\ [dopicadUjetv, to leap like
a gazelle ; SopK&g, gazelle]. Leaping; characterized
by leaps; applied to certain forms of insanity.

Doremus's Method. A method of estimating the
amount of urea in the urine. It is done by allowing
the urine to pass through a solution of sodium hypo-
bromite and measuring the gas that is evolved.

Dorsad (dor' -sad) [dorsum, the hack]. Toward the
dorsal aspect ; dorsally. See Position and Direction,
Table of.

Dorsal (dor'-saT) [dorsum, the hack]. Pertaining to
the back, or to the posterior part of an organ. The
term Neural is sometimes used in place of dorsal.
See Position and Direction, Table of. D. Artery. See
Artery. D. Decubitus, recumbency in the supine
position. D. -elevated Position. See Postures,
'Table of. D. Nerves. See Nerves, Table of. D.-
recumbent Position. See Postures, Table of. D.
Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. D. semi-recumb-
ent Posture. See Postures, Table of.

Dorsalis pedis [dor-sa'-lis pe/-dis). See Arteries,
Table of.

Dorsen (dor'-sen) [dorsum, the hack]. Belonging to
the dorsum in itself.

Dorsicollar \ \olf-ar) [dorsum, the hack ; co/lum,

tin- neck]. In biology, having to do with the hack
and neck.

Dorsicumbent [dor-se-kum' '-bent ) [dorsum, the back ;
cubare, to lie down], In biology, supine; or lying
upon the hack.

Dorsigerous [dor-sip '-er-us) [dorsum, the hack; gerere,
carry]. In biology, hearing lie young upon the

ha.

Dorsigrade {dor' ig rdd\ [dorsum, the bacl ; *radi,
to walk]. In biology, applied to animal-, that walk
upon ill- back of the toes, a- the armadillo.

Dorsi-lumbar [dor-si-lum* -bar). See Dorso-lumbar.

Dorsimesad [dor-si-me'-sad) [dorsum, hack; //
the middle]. Toward the dorsimeson. See Position
a/r,/ Direction, table of.

Dorsimesal {dor ri tne'-sal) [dorsum, hack ; ninnc, the

DORSI-MESOX

395

DOUR INK

middle]. Pertaining t<> the dorsimeson. See Posi-
tion and Direction, Table of.

Dorsimeson (dor-si-me' -son) [dorsum, the hack;
mciav, the middle]. The dorsal edge of the meson or
median plane <>i the body. The dorsal, mesal, or
median line. C'f. Ventrimeson; also Position and Di-
rection, Table of.

Dorsiparous (dor-sipr -ar-us) [dorsum, the back ; parere,
tn produce]. Applied to plants that hear fruit on the
back of the leaves (ferns), or animals hatching young
upon the back (toads).

Dorsi-scapular (dor-si-skapf -u-lar) [dorsum, back ;
scapula, the shoulder]. Relating to the dorsum of
the scapula.

Dorso- {dor* -so-) [dorsum, back]. A prefix used in
connection with the names of such organs as have
their attachment to or about the back.

Dorsocephalad {dor-so-scf '-triad ) [dorsum, back ;
KE(j>a?://, head]. Toward the dorsal aspect of the head.

Dorsodynia (dor-so-din'-e-ah) [dorsum, back; bdvw/,
pain]. ( hnodynia ; scapulodynia ; pain in the dorsal
region ; rheumatism of the muscles of the shoulders
and upper back.

Dorso-lumbar (dor-so-lum/-bar) [dorsum, back ; fam-
ous, loin]. Relating to the back and the loins.

Dorso-sacral Position. See Postures, Table of.

Dorso-thoracic (dor-so-tko-ra' -sik) [dorsum, back ;
dupal;, thorax]. Relating to the back and the thorax.

Dorstenia (dor-ste'-ne-ah). See Contrayerva.

Dorsulum [dor* '-su-lum) [dim. of dorsum, the back].
The second dorsal sclerite of the thorax in certain
insects.

Dorsum (dor' -sum) ['L.']. I. Theback. The rounded
part of the back. 2. Any part corresponding to the
back ; as the dorsum of the foot, hand, tongue, scap-
ula, or penis ; in many cases, the upper surface is thus
designated.

Dorsumbonal (dor-sum' -bo-nal) [dorsum, the back ;
umbo, a boss]. In biology, pertaining to both the
dorsal and umbonal regions in a bivalve mollusc.

Dosage (do'-saj) [dooic, a portion given]. A system or
method of dosing. See Posology.

Dose (dos) [doatc, a portion]. The measured portion
of medicine to be taken at one time. D., Divided,
a mode of administration in which a drug is to be
taken in fractional portions at short intervals. D.,
Maximum, the largest portion of medicine ordered
to produce a given result, or the largest dose consist-
ent with safety. In this work both minimum and
maximum dosage is given under each medicine or
preparation. D., Minimum, the smallest quantity
of a medicine that will produce physiologic effects.

GAUBIUS' TABLE
Of Proportion of Dose According to Age.
For an adult, suppose the dose to be . . 1, or 60 grains
An individual under 1 year will require fa, " 5
" " " 2 years " " J, " 8

" 3 £, " 10 "

11 it 11 . 11 ii 11 1 n ,c "

4 li '5

.. .1 .. 7 << « " j_ •• 20

" 14 " " " i, " ;,o

" 20 " " " i, " 40

For one of 21 to 60, the full dose, or . . 1, " 60 "
Above this age, an inverse gradation must be observed.

Dosimeter (do-sim* '-et-er) [56ou;, a dose ; fierpov, a
measure]. A drop-meter ; an instrument for measur-
ing minute quantities of a liquid.

Dosimetric [do-sim-et'-rik) [66aic, a dose; uirpov, a
measure]. Relating to or characterized by dosimetry.

Dosimetry (do-sim' -et-re) [fiocic, dose; fttrpov, a
measure]. The accurate and systematic measurement
of a dose or prescribed portion ; the use of drugs in
exact and definite doses.

Dosiology, or Dosology (do-se-, ,r do-sol' -o-je)

[&6ouc, dose j >o; or, science]. Posology; thescience
of doses.

Dosis \do'-si \. See Dose.

Dossil {dos' -it) [ME., dosil, a spigot]. A pledget or
tuft, as of lint.

Dotage [dot a/ ) [ME., dotren]. Feebleness of mind ;
senility.

Dothienenteritis, or Dothinenteritis (doth-e-en-en-ter-
i'-tis, or doth-in-en-ter-i' '-ti ) I 06 .a boil ; tvrepov,
bowel; trig, inflammation]. Enteric fever, or the en-
teritis that accompanies it.

Double {dub' I) [MK., doublen, to double]. Two fold.
In pairs. D. Athetosis, a manifestation of infantile
spastic paraplegia. D. Chin. See Buccula. D.
Consciousness, periodic amnesia ; a periodic failure
of memory involving all the intellectual functions and
the character of the individual ; that condition in which
a patient seems to have two distinct but alternating
lives; it is seen mostly in somnambulists and hyp-
notics. D. Flap Amputation. See Amputation.
D. Hearing. See Diplacusis. D. Monsters. Same
as Composite Monsters, q.v. D. Personality, an ab-
normal condition in which the subject feels as if he
were two distinct personalities, the one alternating 1
tinually with the other. It is a symptom of insanity
and of poisoning by certain drugs. D. Staining, in
microscopy, the impregnation of a structure with two
colors in order to show its details. IJacteriologically
the application of such staining-reagent- a- will stain
the spores one color and the rods another. D. Touch,
the exploration of the vaginal and rectal walls by insert-
ing the thumb into the one cavity, and the index linger
into the other, so that, e.g., the presence of any abnor-
mal growth may be ascertained. D. Vinegar. See
Vinegar. D. Vision. See Diplopia. D. Vitriol,
a mixture of copper and iron sulphates crystallized
together. D. Voice. See Diphthongia. D. Wedge,
an instrument used in dentistry for removing an
artificial crown from the root of a tooth upon which
it has been set.

Doubler (dub'-ler). See Doubling.

Doublet (dub' -let) [ME., dublet]. In optics, a sys-
tem consisting of two lenses.

Doubling (dub' -ling) [ME., doublen, to double]. A
term given to that duplication of dispensary statistics
that results from patients coming twice or oftener with
different troubles in the course of a year. Such patients
are termed ' ' doubters. ' '

Doubly (dub'-le) [ME., doublen, to double]. In a
two-fold manner. D. Contoured, in microscopy, an
object is doubly contoured when it is bounded by two,
usually parallel, dark lines with a lighter band between
them.

Doubt (do-vt) [ME., doute, fear]. Uncertainty; fear.
D., Insanity of, mental disorder in which the
patient is affected by morbid doubts and fears, and sub-
jects himself to introspective questionings.

Doubting (dowf-ing) [ME., doute, fear]. bearing.
D. Mania, a form of volitional disorder in which
the reflexive mechanism of the will is over-irritable
and reacts to slight stimuli, producing a constant suc-
cession of contradictory, absurd, or useless acts.

Douche (doosh) [Fr.]. A stream of water directed
against a part, or one used to flush a cavity of the
1 x >dy.

Douglas's Cul-de-sac or Pouch. S ucA. D.

Line. See dines. Table of. D. Semilunar Fold.
a thin curved margin that forms the lower part ot the
posterior wall of the sheath of the abdominal rectus
muscle.

Dourine (doo'-rin) [Fr.]. Syphilis in the horse.

D'Ol I REPON 1 > \ 1 RSI< »N

liRIl.I.

D'Outrepont's Version. In obstetrics, indirect version,
the head I" 1 from without by the hand

the other hand, well

ne, is introdu< ed

into the utei ing shoulder

i which the bn e< h i>
ted.
Dover's Powder. Pulvis mpositus.

5
Dowel ; I 1" dentistry,

tin il uniting an) artificial crown

to t. 'til.

Dowell's Operation
Doycrc. Eminence, Hillock, Papilla, or Tuft of.

Dracina . gon |. A genus

ike. D. cinnabari
I), schizantha I \ ■- • and D. draco

,i part «>t" the so-called

Dracol

Dracontiasis j ■' ujv, dragon].

a skin-disease due to the
ed nematode worm, dra-
iy the devel-
>ses. The disease is
and various parts of Africa and
male worm is cylin-
•i diameter and about },o inches long,
a much longer. It may be felt lit of

i. When about to make its
itching and discomfort, followed
■ of the worm gains en
lie human body and there develops with
tnimal \, Tabl
Dracunculus ku-lus] [dim. of draco, a drag-

thread- worms, belonging
Parasites {Anitn
D. medinensis. See Draconti
Draft. Draught . to draw], i. A

ally a medicine drunk at one

a poultice. D., Black,

una. D., Chopart's, a mix-

aiba, alcohol, peppermint

;n of tolu. and sweet ,-pirit of niter.

D., Effervescing, one containing sodium or potassium

■ id.
Dragee oated pill, bolus,

DragendorfTs Tests.

Dragendorff and Kossow's Test Table of .

Dragon Root Indian I 'urnip.

and dia
n\xv-zj. I 'not.
Dragon's Blood i '|

. I ! Indian rat-

c na,

,aW. Ii.

blood are astrin-

v m the arts and in mak-

Dra |n |, \ , hannel tli. I

buildin
rial that affords a
mnd or
D. -throat.

ithing the air fn
Drainaiy tin]. I. I he

i WOUl

cavity, j ; t£ D. Anchor, a rubber fila-

ment inserted in an abscess or cavity. D.-tube, a
rubber tube with perforations for draining wounds or
cavities. D.-tube, Decalcified, a decalcified bone
. of a chicken, etc.) used as a drainage-tube.
Dram, or Drachm [dram) ['\""i'"/. ;l Greek weight].
The eighth part of the apothecaries' ounce, equal to
grains or 3.8 grams. Also the one sixteenth part
of the avoirdupois ounce, equal to -7-.u grains. D.,
Fluid, the eighth part of a fluidounce, equal to 00

minims.

Dramatism [dram'-at-izm) [ipafia, a drama]. In-
sanely stilted and loftj spee< h oi behavior.

Draper's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Drastic [dras,-tik) \6paeiv, todraw]. 1. A powerful and
irritating purgative, such as scammony or gamboge.
j. Severe, harsh, powerful.

Draught [draft). See Draft.

Draw [ME. , drawen, todraw]. To digest and 1
to discharge ; said of a poultice. In dentistry, to re-
move a tooth from its socket. In andrology, to re-
move the urine from the bladder by means of a
catheter. D. -bench, a bench for drawing wire, so
constructed as to confine a wire-plate at one end,
with a roller and windlass at the other end for draw-
ing the wire through the plate.

Drawer, Gold. An apparatus for use in the dental
laboratory to collect gold scraps and filings.

Drayman's Bottom. An enlargement of the bursa
situated over the tuberosity of the ischium.

Dream (i/rcw) [Ml*!., dremen, to dream]. 1. An invol-
untary series of images, emotions, and thoughts pre
sented to the mind during sleep. 2. To be conscious
of such manifestations. D., Waking, an illusion or
hallucination. D., Wet, a term given to the emission
of semen during sleep.

Dreamy [dref-me) [ME., dremen, to dream]. Full of
dreams. D. State, a common psychic aura of epi-
lepsy in which the patient experiences a sensation
of strangeness or sometimes of terror. It may be
assoi iated with flashes of light or auditory aune.

Drechsel's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Drechsler's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Drench [ME., drenchen, to drench, drown]. In
veterinary practice, a draught ol medicine.

Drepanidium [dre-pan-id1 '-e-um) \6ptiratnj, a sickle].
The sickle-shaped young of certain protozoans. D.
ranarum, a (probably) parasitic cytozoon of frogs'
blood.

Dressed Mouth [drest mowth). That condition pro-
duced by the fraudulent practice of filing th 1
used to make an old horse appear young.

Dresser ' , [ME., dressen, to make straight].

An attendant (in English hospitals, usually a student)
whose special duty it is to dress and bandage wounds,
and attend t< • other ward work.

Dressing (dres'-in 1 [ \1 1'.. , d> •, ■ ten, to make straight].
1. The application of a bandage, lint, or other sub-
stance i" a wound or ulcer. 2. The material so
applied. 3. In metallurgy, the mechanical h
that an ore re eives after being brought to the surl
concentration.

Dressler's Disease. See Di 1 . Table of.

Drewsen's Test. = of.

Drill (dril) [AS., thyrelian, to pierce]. A surgical
instrument used in perforating bones, calculi, or t<
D.-bone, a flat osteoma. D.-bow, a bow and string
for rotating a drill ted by passing the

string around it. and moving il backward and forward.
D. -stock, an instrument for holding and turning a
drill, either by the thumb and finger or by a handle.
D. -stock, Flagg's, ument for drilling into the

I)RIMVS

397

DRYING OILS

pulp-cavity of a tooth for the purpose of giving egi
to matter formed there in the process ol suppuration
of the pulp.

Drimys [dri'-mis) [dpc/tvg, piercing]. \ genus ol
magnoliaceous trees, largely s. American. D. gran-
atensis, D.mexicana, and D. winteri afford // 'in
Bark, an aromatic and stimulant tonic, formerly in
repute as an alterative. Unof.

Drink [ME., drinken, to drink]. To swallow a liquid.
The liquid that is swallowed. A draught.

Dripping Sheet [drip'-ing shit). A means of reduc-
ing temperature in fever, entirely distincl from the wet
park. The patient is placed erect in a tub containing
twelve inches of water at IOO°. A linen sheet (the

coarser the better) is dipped in water at 700, which is
reduced daily two degrees until 480 is reached. This
sheet is thrown ovi 1 the patient from behind, covering
the head and body, so that it clings to the person.
The attendant now make- rapid passes with both hands,
beginning anteriorly and posteriorly, so as to produce
friction and afflux of blood to the surface. Occasion-
all} cold water at from 400 to 700 is thrown on from a
cup and friction renewed. The procedure is also
said to be useful in anemia.

Drivelling [drii/ -el-ing) [ME., drincleri\. 1. An invol-
untary flow of the saliva, as in old age, infancy, idiocy,
and mental stupor, i. Senile weakness of mind.

Drivers' Spasm [dri'-verz spazm). See Spasm.

Dromograph [drom'-o-graf) [dp6(wg, a course; ypcup 1 .
to write]. An instrument for registering the velocity
of the blood-current.

Drop. See Gutta and Minim. 1. To let fall in glob-
ules or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let fall from the
womb. 3. A spheric mass of fluid-material. D.-
culture, in bacteriology, a culture prepared by placing
a drop of the infected material in a culture-medium.
D. -meter. See Dosimeter. D. -serene. See Gutta
serena. D. -shoulder, the condition in which one
shoulder is on a much lower level than the other ;
not uncommonly met with in hysterical girls.

Dropped Hand, or Wrist (dropt hand or rist). A
form of paralysis from lead-poisoning, consisting in
the inability to contract the extensors of the forearm.
D. Foot, a deformity, especially observed in alco-
holic peripheral neuritis, and dependent upon weak-
ness of the flexors of the foot.

Dropper (drop'-er) [ME., droppen, to drop]. A bottle,
tube, or pipet, fitted for the emission of a fluid drop
by drop. See Mispah-dropper, and Stopper-dropper.

Dropsical [drop'-sik-al) [ydpurp, dropsy]. Affected
with or pertaining to dropsy.

Dropsy [drop'-se) [i'f5/>ui/>, dropsy]. See Hydrops. D.
of Belly. See Ascites. D. of Brain. See Hydro-
cephalus. D., Cardiac, that due to failure of compen-
sation in cardiac disease. D., False, an accumula-
tion of liquid in a cavity of an organ from obstruction
of the outlet; a retention-cyst. D. of Chest. See
Hydrothorax. D. of Peritoneum, ascites, hydro-
peritoneum. D. of Pericardium, hydropericardium.
D. of Spine. See Spina bifida and Hydrorrhachis.
D. of Testicle. See Hydrocele. D. of Uterus. See
Hydrometra.

Drosera [dros'-er-ah) \fpoarp6c, dewy]. Sundew ; the
D. rotund! 'folia , native of U. S. and Europe. An
antispasmodic, useful in whooping-cough and other
spasmodic coughs. Dose of the fluid extract rt^v-xx ;
of the tincture (i in 10) n\v— xv. Unof.

Droserin [dros' '-er-in) \_8poaep6g, dewy]. A ferment
resembling pepsin and found in the digestive secretions
of most of the insectivorous plants.

Drown [ME., dro7vnen, to drown]. To deprive of life
by immersion in a fluid.

Drowning [drown' -ing) [Ml . nen, to drown].

I depriving of life by immersii m in a fluid. D., Intra-
uterine. See Intrauterine. D., Treatment of. See
Artificial Re 'piration.

Drowsy [droit/ : i [AS., drusan, to sink]. Inclined
to sleep ; sleep) .

Drug [ME., druggi J. A substance, simple or com-
pound, natural or prepared, single or mixed with
othei substances used as a medicine. D., Antago-
nistic, one that neutralizes the action of another by a
process other than chi mil . D. -eruptions.
D ' matitis medicamentosa. D. -habit, the acquiring
of a tolerance for a drug after long administration.
by which its physiologic action in normal dose is
abolished. This may be avoided by intermitting the
remedy from time to time.

Druggist [drug'-ist) [ME , drugges"]. One who deals
in drugs.

Drum [ME., drumme~\. The tympanum. The laby-
rinth of a bird. D. -belly. See Tympanites. D. of
Ear. See Tympanum. D.-head. See M mbrana
tympani.

Drumin [drum'-in) [Drummond, a botanist]. A name
given to the alkaloid extractive of Euphorbia drum-
mondii, an Australian plant. It i- ~ a i < 1 to be a local
anesthetic, and is claimed, also, to be an impure
calcium oxalate. Unof. See An

Drummers' Palsy [drum'-erz pawl'-z* |. A form of
occupation-neurosis, dependent upon the constrained
attitude of the hand in beating a drum.

Drummond's Whiff. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.

Drumstick - bacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Table of.

Drunkard [drunk* -ard). One given to excessive in-
dulgence in spirituous drinks. D.'s Liver, a cir-
rhotic liver. D.'s Pneumonia, a grave form of
pneumonia occurring in drunkards; it is usually
fatal.

Drunkenness ( drunk' -en-nes) [AS., druncen,
drunken]. Acute or habitual alcoholic intoxication.
See Alcoholism , Dipsomania, Inebriety.

Drupe [drup) [fipvmra, an over-ripe olive]. In biol-
ogy, a stone-fruit, as the cherry, peach, and plum.

Drupelet [drup' -let) \Spimna, an over-ripe olive]. A
little drupe.

Drupetum [dru-pe'-lum) [drupa, a drupe]. In biol-
ogy, an aggregation of drupes, as in a blackberry.

Druse [driis) [Ger. ]. A wound that does not com-
municate with any surface ; a rupture of the tissues
with no superficial lesion.

Dry (dri) [ME., drye\ 1. Without moisture.
Barren. 3. To evaporate. D.-ash System.
Dry-earth System. D. Belly-ache. See Gi>
pain. D. Caries. See Onychomycosis. D. Cup-
ping. See Cupping. D. -earth System, Dr
System ; a method of disposing of feces by mingling
with them dry earth or ashes in sufficient quantity to
absorb all moisture from them, so as to render them
inodorous and to prevent decomposition. D. Gan-
grene. See Gangrene. D. Itch. Synonym of
Lichen. D. Labor, one in which their i- but a slight
discharge of liquor amnii. D. Mouth. See A
tomia. D. -nurse, a nurse who attends and feeds a
child, but does not suckle it. D. Pile, a hemorrhoid
that does not bleed. D. Pleurisy, pleurisy without
effusion. D.-scall, a synonym of psoriasis. D.-
swimming, swimming exercise in the air, a useful
gymnastic measure. D. Tetter. See Psoriasis. D.
Wine, a wine containing little or no sugar. See
Wines.

Dryer's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Drying Oils. See Oils and Tats.

DKYM> M E'S CELLS OR O >RPl S<

398

IU i I

Drysdale's Cells or Corpuscles. Certain microscopic
cells in Derally round, sometimes oval

in form, transparent, containing fine granules, bul no
nucleus, rhej have been d< is pathognomonic

. but this is disputed.
Dualin , of two] A rive com-

. mixture of nitroglycerin 5° parts and
nitr.ucil sawdust -
•
Dualism >l m by which

natural phenom< icplained upon two principles.

D., Chancrous, the th the existence of two

ancre — the non-infecting, <>r soft chancre,
and the infi true (hard) chan

Dualisuc ftwo]. Characterized

by duality. D. Theory of the Composition of
Carbon-compounds ; every chemic compound is

trically different, and
these arc further made up of two different groups
or - I'd'- I iualistic theory of

revalent in Germany until about i860.
Duality dual]. Dualism; the

. -11 i*l potentially independent ac-
tio:,. 1 of the cerebral hemispheres.
Dubini's Disease. " Electric chorea ;" myelitis con-
vulsiva; .1 malady met with in Italy, differing from
chorea in th of the movements, which are
. ten and shock - like ; in the course of the disease,
which : fatal ; and in the ad-
dition of muscular palsy and wasting. Its etiology
and g) are obscure. - ises, Table of.
Dublin Method. See atment, Methods of.
Dubois' Caustic tic.

Duboisia [after Dubois, a French botan-

leaves of D. my . an Australian

It 1 una in physiologic and

therapeutic D., Ext. l)o>e gr. y^-j^. D.,

Ext. Fid. Dose ir^ v-x. D., Tinct. Dose n\ v-xx.
Duboisin [after Dub </ . a French botanist],

An alkaloid from Duboisia myoporoides,
yamin.
Dubrueil's Operation. See Operations, Table oj ".
Duchenne's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. D.
Paralysis. a, Table of. D. -Aran Type

of Muscular Atrophy. See Diseases, Table of.
Duck-bill Forceps. See Forceps. D. Speculum.

1 >n.
Duckett's Closet. - . Disposal of.

Duck-foot 1 of

Duck-legged duk /■./,,/). Having very short legs.
Duck-weed Disease {duk'-wld dis-iz'). A German

■ ir tuberi ul< sis in 1 .11 tie.
Duckworth's Theory. 1 he «, ur humoral theory of
nt. It is that there h a basic,* arthritic
bit, of which gout and rheumatism
gouty diathesi
irmality of the nerve-cent
which may he inhei |uired ; and (b) a peculiar

ity for 1 ration within the whole

I 1- formed al times in excess
or - duly transformed into more

Duct. ■• Ductus j. A tube for the con-

body. D., Aberrant, a
1 • in length, run-

nii- rtion of 1 I of the epi-

D., Aberrant Bile, one of a number of
bili ■ Uy found in

1 surrounded by
I"1' hepatii nee,

D., Acous-
tic, the -\t.rnal aud D., Adipose, ..,,

the sacs in cellular tissue containing the fat. D., Air,
in biology, one ol the intercellular spaces in aquatic
plain-, containing air. D., Alimentary. See />.,
Thoracic. D., Alveolar, one of the infundibula of
the bronchioles. D., Annular, in biology, one of
the rin;; shaped thickenings of the cells of vascu-
lar ti»ue. D. of Arantius. See P. venosus. D.,
Archinephric. See D., Mesonephric. D., Arterial.
D. arteriosus. D. arteriosus, a short vessel in
the ictus between the main pulmonary alter} and the
aorta. It becomes obliterated at birth. D., Auditory,
the space between the membrana tectoria and the
membrana basilaris of the cochlea. D. of Bartholin,
the larger and longer of the sublingual ducts, opening
into the mouth near to, or in common with, Wharton's
duct. D. of Bellini, one of the ex< retory tubes of the
kidneys. D., Biliary. See D. , Common Bile. D.
of Botal. See D. arteriosus. D., Branchial, in
Myzontes, a short tube between the branchial pouch
and the intestinal cavity. D., Canalicular, one of
the smaller galactophorous ducts of the mammae.
D., Cement, in Ctrripedia, one of a number of tubes
that pass through the antenn.e from the cement-glands.
D. choledochus. See D.. Common Bile. D.,
Cochlear. See Canal, Cochlear. D., Common
Bile, a duct about three inches long formed by the
union of the cystic and hepatic ducts, and convey
ing the bile to the duodenum. D. of Cuvier, in
the fetus, one of two short transverse venous trunks,
on either side, opening into the amicle of the heart,
each being formed by the union of a superior vein,
the primitive jugular, and an inferior vein. The right
one becomes the superior vena cava ; the left one
disappears. D., Cysthepatic. See Hepato-cystic .
D., Cystic, the excretory duct of the gall-bladder;
it is about \x/> inches long, runs backward, downward,
and to the left and unites with the hepatic duct to form
the common bile-duct. D. of Darwin. See D.,
Cement. D., Definitive, one of the straight milk-ducts
in the nipple. D., Efferent. Same as Canal, Deferent.
D., Egestive. See D., Excretory. D., Ejaculatory,
a duct about an inch long, on cither side of the body,
formed by the union of the vas deferens and the seminal
vesicle. The semen passes through it into the urethra.
D., Endolymphatic, a tubular process of the mem-
branous labyrinth of the ear, passing through the
aqueduct of the vestibule into the cranial cavity, where
it terminates below the dura mater in a blind enlarge-
ment, the sacculus endolymphaticus. D., Esophago-
cutaneous, in biology, a duct joining the esophagus
with the branchial pore, and thus with the exterior. D.,
Excretory, the tube through which the secretion of a
gland is discharged. D., Galactophorous, one of
the 15 or 20 milk -ducts of the lobes of the mammary
idands. They converge toward the areola, and ter-
minate upon the surface of the nipple in small de
pressions. D., Gall. See D., Bile, D.t Hepatic, and
D. , Cystic. D. of Gartner, the canal of Gartner.
See Canal. D., Genital, the genital canal. See
Canal. D., Guttural, the Eustachian tube. D.,
Hepatic, a duct, I x{ inches long, formed at the margin
of the transverse fissure of the liver by the right and
1 11 hepatic ducts. It unites with the cystic duct to
form the common bile-duct. D., Hepatic, Left, a
duet arising from the left lobe of the liver, and joining
the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic
duct. D., Hepatic, Middle, an occasional branch
of the hepatic duct, conveying the bile from the quad-
rate lobe of the liver. D., Hepatic, Right, a duct
arising from the right lobe of the liver, and joining the
left hepatii duct, to form the common hepatic duct.
D., Hepato-cystic, one of the biliary ducts emptying

DUCT

399

I»l LCAMARA

directly in to the gall-bladder. D.,Hepato-pancreatic,
a duct conveying the secretions of the liver and panci
into the intestinal canal ; the common bile duct. D.,
Hermaphrodite, a duct that in hermaphroditic animal.-,
receives the male and female elements. D., Hemi-
thoracic, an ascending branch ol the thoracic duct,
given off high in the thorax, and opening either into
the right lymphatic duct oj i losi to the angle of union
of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins.
D. inferens, in certain Edentata, one of the dui ts
leading from the submaxillary glands to a common
receptacle for the secretion of the gland. D., Inter-
cellular, the intercellular canal. See Canal. D.,
Interlobular, Bile, one of the ducts situated between
the lobules of the liver. They are of two varieties,
small and large. D., Intralobular, Bile, one of the
intralobular canals. See Canal. D., Lachrymal. See
D., Nasal. D., Lactiferous. See J?., Galactophorous.
D., Leydig's. See I)., Mesonephric and D. , Uro-
genital. D., Lymph. See D. , Thoracic. D., Lym-
phatic. See J). , Thoracic. D., Lymphatic, Left.
See D., Thoracic. D., Lymphatic, Right, the vessel
that receives the lymph from the absorbent vessels of
the right arm, the right side of the head and neck, the
chest, lung and right side' of the heart, and also from the
upper surface of the liver. It terminates at the junction
of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins. D.,
Mammary. See D., Galactophorous. D., Mesone-
phric, an embryonic duct belonging to the mesone-
phron, and formed by the longitudinal fission of a por-
tion of the segmental duct. In the male, it becomes
the vas deferens, while in the female it almost entirely
disappears. D., Metanephric, the Ureter, q. v. D.,
Milk. See D. , Galactophorous. D., Muco. See
Canal, mucous. D., Mucous. See Canal, mucous.
D. of Miiller, a tube (on either side of the body)
lormed by the undivided portion of the segmental
duct, and of the longitudinal tubes into which it
divides. From them in the female are developed the ovi-
ducts, uterus and vagina, while in the male they atrophy
and disappear. D., Nasal, the duct, % an inch long,
that conveys the tears from the lachrymal sac into the
inferior meatus of the nose. D., Naso-lachrymal.
See D. , Nasal. D., Nuckian, one of the excretory
ducts of the orbital gland of the dog. D., Omphalic.
See D., Vitelline. D., Omphalo-mesenteric. SeeZ>. ,
Vitelline. D., Pancreatic, a duct that extends from
the pancreas to the duodenum at the point where the
common bile-duct enters the bowel. D., Pancreatic,
Accessory, the excretory duct of the lesser pancreas,
opening into the pancreatic duct or into the duodenum,
close to the orifice of the common bile-duct. D.,
Pancreatic, Supplementary. See D., Pancreatic,
Accessory. D., Parotid. See D. of Stensen. D. of
Pecquet, the thoracic duct. D., Pneumatic, in
hshes, the tube that connects the swimming-bladder
with the esophagus. D., Pronephric. See D. , Seg-
mental. D., Prostatic, one of the ducts conveying
the secretion of the prostate into the urethra. D^,
Reticulate, in biology, an aggregation of parenchy-
matous tissue-cells, in which the thickenings assume
the form of a network. D. reuniens, a small duct
leading from the saccule to the membranous labyrinth
of the cochlea. D. of Rivini, one of the ducts of
the sublingual gland. D., Roriferous. See D. ,
Thoracic. D., Sacculo-utricular, a small canal
connecting the saccule of the internal ear with the
utricle. D. of Santorini. Same as D., Pancreatic,
Accessory. D., Scalariform, in biology, one of numer-
ous parallel narrow and elongated bordered pits in
plant-cells set close together like the rounds of a ladder.
D., Secretory, one of the smaller ducts of a gland,

tributaries of the excretory duct. D., Segmental,
in embryology, a tube, on either .side of the 1 ody,
situated between the visceral and parietal laser- of
the mesoblast, opening anteriorly into the body-cav-
ity, and posteriorly into the cloaca. D., Seminal.
See I'., I aculatory. D., Spermathecal, in certain
Mollu ca, the duct that connects the spermatheca with
the hermaphrodite duet. D., Spermatic, the Va
deferens ; </. t. D., Spiral, in biology, the prosen-

chymatOUS Cell-tissue, the walls of which are in;
by spiral thickenings. D. of Steno. See /
Stcn.n. D., Stenon's. See I), of Stensen. D.,
Stenonine. See D. of Sten ,n. D. of Stensen, i.
a duct about zy2 inches long, conveying the secretion
of the parotid gland into the mouth, opening on the
inner side of the cheek, about o] posite to the second
upper molar tooth. 2. See Canal, Incisive. D., Sub-
lingual. See D. of Rivini and £)• of Bartholin. D.,
Tear, the nasal duet. D., Testicular, the vas de-
ferens, q. V. D., Thoracic, a duct I.S to 20 in
long, extending from the receptaculum chyli, in fronl
of the vertebrae as far as the seventh cervical vi rti bra,
where it curves down over the subclavian artery and
empties into the left subclavian vein at it- junction with
the left internal jugular vein. It receives the lym] h
and chyle not received by the right lymphatic du< t.
D., Thyroglossus, in the embryo, a duct that termi-
nates upon the tongue as the foramen cecum, and 1
to the rudiments of the thyroid body. D., Trabecular,
in biology, prosenchymatous tissue-cells, in which
thickenings cross the lumen of the cell. D., Uro-
genital, in biology, a duct that receives the urine and
the genital products. D., Uropygial, in birds, a duct
leading from the uropygial gland. D., Uroseminal.
See JJ. , Uro-genital. D. venosus, the smaller,
shorter, and more posterior of the two branches into
which the umbilical vein divides alter entering the
abdomen. It empties directly into the ascending vena
cava. After the birth of the fetus it becomes oblit-
erated. D., Vitellarian, the canal in which an ovum
receives its investment of albuminoid substance. D.,
Vitelline, a temporary channel of communication be-
tween the alimentary canal of the embryo and the
umbilical vesicle. D., Vitello-intestinal. SeeZ>.,
/ itelline. D. of Wharton, the duct, about two inches
long, of the sublingual gland, opening in the mouth at
the side of the frenum linguae. D. of Wirsung, the
pancreatic duct. D., Wolffian, the me.-onephricduct.
D., Yellow. See Canal. EschricAt's.

Ductule {diik' -chill) [a'uctulus, a small duct]. A
small duct, as the straight seminal ducts.

Dudgeon's Recipe. A formula for varnish to preserve
sphygmographic and cardiographic tracings. It 1
sists of one ounce of gum dammar dissolved in six
ounces of rectified benzolin.

Dudley's Operation. See Operations, Table of. D.
Tests. See Tests, Table of.

Duflos' Tests. See Tests, Table of.

Dugas' Test. A method of diagnosis in dislocation of
the shoulder. If the hand of the affected side is
made to clasp the opposite shoulder, the elbow cannot
be made to touch the front of the chest.

Dugong Oil [du'-gong). The fixed oil afforded by the
dugong, Halicore aus trails, a marine sirenian mam-
mal. It is regarded as a good substitute lor cod-liver
oil.

Duhring's Disease, or Impetigo. See Impetigo.
matitis herpetiformis, and Dist ascs, 'Tabic of.

Dulcamara (dul-kam-a'-ra) [dulcamara, bitter-sweet].
Bittersweet. The young branches of D. solatium.
containing several glucosids and an alkaloid. Its
properties are not well understood. It causes nausear

I 'I 1 CAMARIN

4(Hi

Id PLICANA

emesis and convulsive muscular movements, and in

h i- dow employed

in similar - D.. Kid. Ext.

- D., Decoctum, unol . i cent.

3 "'J-
Dulcamarin sweet]

[| is .;
low, an . with a bitter taste,

ihol and
and chloroform.
Dulcin
Dulcite

Dulcitol ,Oe. Du

du' . hexahydric alcohol occurring in various

pL iginating

hi- made artificially by

m amalgam upon milk-sugar and

inic prisms,

ngly soluble in water,

i - It is said to be two hundred

tiiu ^ir.

Dull ipid]. i. Slow of perception.

m. 3. Not bright in ap-
i.irp; blunt.
Dullnes- stupid]. The quality

lull, in any sense; lack of resonance on

Dulong and Petit's Law. S

Dulse A popular name

-. such as Rhodymenia
•pularly esteemed as pectoral
L nof.
Dumas. Method of. A method for the determination

m 70 to 80 cm. long)

a 1 lyer 1 about I cm.) of dry,

primary sodium ite <>r magnesite, then pure

cu; afterwards a mixture of the sub-

ice with the cid ; then again pure granular

cu; 1 to 30 cm. |, and finally till the tube

r turning! 20 m |. Jn the open

i the tube is plaeed a rubber cork, bearing

tube, which extends into a mercury

back part of the combustion-tube, 1

- heated lir>t, to expel the air
m all parts of the apparatus. A graduated cylind
fill- ury, is placed over the extremity of

the exit-tube; into the tub- containing mercury sev-

acentrated potassium hy-

are introduced by means of a pipet. The

i the layer of cupric oxid in the

an- f the tubi ire first heated and then

gradually the mixture. When the combustion is com-

rt of the sodium

luated vessel, containing

pure nil ; ui a large cylinder of water,

short time until the temperature is

id arid the '

surrounding air and the barometer-
. V

■ I 2562

' nein grams. V

in cubic c entimeters. h = the

[ueous vapor

o.ooi2s 1:, in

'i at o°C.. a- mm.

Dumb ^ .■.,•,. ,,, utter

1 D. Ague, a popul

irked 1a- ol mp

D.-bell ■ ■..,,, i,-,,,, balls

»e for health and

development. D.-bell Crystals, crystals of calcium
oxalate, sometimes seen in the urine. D.-cane, the
idium seguineum, or Dieffenbachia seguinea, a \\ .
Indian plant; when bitten it causes the lips and
mouth to swell, and thus may produce temporary

inability to speak. The plant is used in preparing an
ointment, and is said to In- useful in dropsies.

Dumbness [dum'-m 1 [ME. , dumb, mute]. Inability
to utter articulate spee< h.

Dumetose (du'-met-ds) [dumus, a bramble]. In biol-
ogy, belonging to a thicket; bush like.

Dumont's Blue. Same as Smalts.

Dumose(i/«' -mds ) [dumus, a thorn-bush]. In biology,
bushy, or pertaining to a bush.

Dumoutier's Horizontal Plane. See Plane.

Duncan's Operation. See Operations, Table of

Dung [ME., dung, dung]. Excrement ; feces; ordure.
D.-bath. See Pigments, < . ami Dye-stuffs.

D.-hill, a heap of dung.

Dunga (dun'-gafi). Synonym of Dengue.

Dunging (dung/-ing). See Pig/u, ■ brs, and

Pre-stuffs.

Dunham's Solution. A culture-medium composed
of sodium chlorid, 5 parts; dried peptone, I part;
distilled water, ioo parts.

Duodenal (du-o-def-nal, or du-od' '-en-al) [duodeni,
twelve each]. Relating to the duodenum. D. Ulcer,
ulceration of the duodenum. It may be aeute, as
after severe burns or scalds, or after exposure to
extreme cold ; or (more commonly) it may be chronic,
urring usually in old alcoholic males. Its most
frequent seat is in the first part of the duodenum,
either on the anterior or posterior wall. It is probably
due to the action of the gastric juice upon the intestinal
wall which has been devitalized as the result of some
form of malnutrition. Perforation and fatal peritonitis
may ensue if the ulcer be situated on the anterior wall.

Duodenitis (du-o-den-i' '-tis\ [duodeni, twelve each;
itic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the duodenum.

Duodeno-cholecystotomy (du-o-de* ' -no-ko-le-sis-tof '-
o-tne) [duodeni, twelve each; X()/!/, bile; Kvarig,
bladder; aro/ia, mouth]. An operation for establish-
ing an artifjcial communication between the gall-blad-
der and duodenum.

Duodeno-enterostomy ( du-o-de' -no-en-ter-osr -to
[duodeni, twelve each ; brrepov, bowed ; or6fia, mouth].
The establishment of an artificial communication
tween the duodenum and some portion of the small
intestine.

Duodeno-jejunal [du-o-de* -no-je/'-u'-nal) [duodeni,
twelve each ; jejunus, dry]. Pertaining to the duo-
denum and the jejunum.

Duodeno-renal [du-o-de' '-no-re* '-nal) [duodeni, twelve
each; ren, the kidney]. Relating to the duodenum
and to the kidney.

Duodenostomy [du-o de-nosr-to-me\ [duodenum;
nri'nm, a mouth]. The operation of opening the duo-
denum, and the attachment of the lips of the intes
tinal slit to the walls of the abdomen, in order to form
an artitieial mouth for the introduction of nutriment.

Duodenotomy [du 0 den-of-o mi \ [duodenum : re/ii
to cut]. Surgical incision of the duodenum.

Duodenum (du-o-de' mini, or du-od'-en-um) [duodeni,
twelve each; so called because it is about t\\-
finger-br adths long]. The firsl put of the small in-
testine beginning at the pylorus. lie inner surl
is covered with folds of mucous membrane called
valvules conniventes, or valves of Kerkring.

Dupasquier's Test. Se< . Table of .

Duplay's Operation. See Operations, Table of .

Duplicana (du-plik-a1 -nah) [duplicare, to double]. A
double tertian ague.

DUPLICATK )N

401

I<\ NE

Duplication [du-plik-a1 'shun). Same as Reduplication,

'/■ v.

Duplicature (duJ ' -plik-a-chur) [duplicare, to double].
The reflection, or folding of a membrane upon itself.

Duplicity (du-plis'-it-e) \duplicitas, doubleness]. The
condition of being duplex or double.

Dupuytren's Contraction. Set- Diseases, Table of.
D. Hydrocele. See Diseases, Table of. D. Oint-
ment, an ointment used to correct baldness. It con-
tains ox-marrow 250, lead acetate 4, balsam of Peru
8, diluted alcohol 30, tinct. of camphor, i'.>, tinct.
of cloves and tinct. of cinnamon, each I. D. Opera-
tion. See Operations, Table of. D. Splint, a splint
used in the treatment of Pott's fracture of the leg.
D. Suture. See Suture.

Dura [liu'-r.i/i) [durus, hard]. The Dura mater, q. -.
D. mater, the outer membrane of the brain and spinal
cord. It is divided into the cerebral &aft. spinal or
rkachidian dura, and its cerebral portion is in part
identical with the endocranium. D. m. testis, the
tunica albuginea of the testis.

Duraematoma \dur-, >n-at-o' -niah). See Durematoma.

Dural [du'-ral) [durus, hard]. Pertaining to the dura.

Duramen [dur'-am-en) [durare, to harden]. In biology,
heart- wood.

Durande's Solvent. A solvent for biliary calculi ; it
consists of three parts of ether and two of turpentine,
administered in capsules immediately before meals.
D. Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of.

Duration [du-raf -shun) [durare, to last]. Continuance
in time. D. of Life, several methods of ascertain-
ing the duration of life are employed: I. The Mean
Age at Death ; 2. the Probable Duration of Life ; 3.
the Mean Duration of Life; 4. the Expectation of
Life, or mean after-lifetime ; and 5. the number living
out of which one dies annually. According to the
English Life-table No. 3, the mean age at death is
40. 9 years , but this test is, for several reasons, fallacious,
though it is of exceptional interest when the deaths
from various diseases are considered. See Probable
D. of L., Expectation of Life, and Life-table.

Durematoma [dur-em-at-o* '-man) [dura, hard; alfia,
blood; dun, tumor: pi., Durematomata\ Hematoma
of the dura ; an accumulation of blood between the
dura and arachnoid.

Durene [du'-ren) [durus, hard] C10HU. A hydrocar-
bon, present in coal-tar. It is a crystalline substance
that possesses a camphor-like odor ; it melts at 79-800

C, and boils at I900 C.

Diirer, Angle of. See Angle. D., Plane of. See Plane.

Durham's Tube. The lobster-tail tube largely used
in tracheotomy.

Durilic Acid {itu-ril'-ik). See Acid, Durilic.

Duro-arachnitis (du'-ro-ar-ah-ni'-tis) [durus, hard ;
apaxvri, a spider ; inq, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the dura and arachnoid membrane.

Duroziez' Murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, Ta-
ble of.

Dusart-Blondlot's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Dust-occupations. Those that from the nature of
the particles of the dust produced may give rise to
pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, or bronchitis.

Dutch {due//) [ME., Dutche\ Pertaining to Holland.

D. Bitters. See Latifia. D. Gold, an alloy of
copper and zinc. D. Liquid. See Ethene Chlorid.
D. Mineral, copper beaten out into very thin leaves.
D. White. Same as Hamburg White.

Duval's Operation. See operations. Table of .

Du Verger, Suture of. See Suture. D. Method.

See Operations. Table of.
Duverney, Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. D.

Glands. See Gland.
26

Dware's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Dwarf {dworf) [ME. , dwarf]. A being characterized
by completed physical development, but having the
various parts of unnaturally small dimension-, owing
to insufficient growth. I Im-> condition is frequently
associated with sterility and impotence. See Nanism,
Nanus. D. Elder, the Aralia kispidia. Its rool
is a valuable diuretic. l)oseof rid. ext ,^j-ij. Unof.
D. Tape-worm. See Tcenia nana.

Dyad [di'-ad). See Quant ivalence.

Dyaster {di-as'-ter) [J/c, two ; dor^p, star]. In

the karyokinetic figure assumed by the aster of a divid-
ing nucleus before the formation of the stars at the
end-, of the nuclear spindle. It is the sixth stage of
Karyokinesis.

Dye (di) [ME., dyen, to dye]. To color a substance
by immersing it in Mime coloring-matter. The ma-
terial used as a coloring substance. D. -stuffs.
Pig 01 nts, Colors, and Dye-stuffs.

Dyer's Broom. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Dyerism [di'-er-izm) [Dyer, the physician who proposed
it]. A simple means of giving exercise to all the
ocular muscles at once. It consists merely in reading
a certain definite small amount daily, anil increasing
that amount systematically as the strength of the •
increases.

Dyerizing (di' -er-lz-ing). See Dyerism.

Dynam [di'-nam). See Dyne.

Dynamia (di-na'-me-ah) [Hsrvapug, power]. I. Ability
to resist diseases, or to withstand the effects of any
strain, physical or mental. 2. The sthenic character
of any attack of disease.

Dynamic (cti-nam'-ik) [dvvafitg, energy]. Pertaining to
energy. In medicine, a synonym of Sthenic, q. v. D.
Squint. See Insufficiency.

Dynamics (di-nam'-iks). See Mechanics.

Dynamite {di'-nam-it) [Sbvafwr, power]. An explo-
sive consisting of nitro-glycerin incorporated with in-
fusorial earth, to give it consistency. It is eight times
as powerful as gunpowder.

Dynamization {di-nam-iz-af -shun) [Svva/ug, power].
The so-called potentizing of medicines by comminu-
tion and agitation.

Dynamo [di'-nam-o] [Sbva/ug, power]. A dynamo-
electric machine ; a machine that generates dynamic,
or current electricity, instead of static electricity ; one
in which the current is generated by revolving coiis
of insulated wire through the held of a magnet inten-
sified by the same current.

Dynamogeny [di-nam-oj' -en-e) [dbva/ug, energy; yev-
vav, to beget]. The production of energy; the phys-
iologic generation of force.

Dynamograph (di-nand-o-graf) [Svva/ug, power ;
<■ iv, to write]. An instrument designed to meas
and graphically record muscular strength.

Dynamometer {di-nam-om'-et-e | . power ;

. a measure]. An instrument designed to

Dynamometer of Mathieu. (Landois.)

measure force, or one for the measurement of muscu-
lar strength, particularly of the hand.
Dyne (<////■ [fiiivautc, power]. A force sufficient to

!>\ -

402

DYSMENORRH] A

inv otimeter per second to a

mass of one gram.
Dys- [/""•] a prefix implying difficulty, illness, bad-
ness; it may be represented bj

Dysacousma painful ;

hearing]. A sensation oi pain 01 discomfort ca

by loud <>r c\ en moderati
Dysacusia, or Dysacousis

Lifficulty

Dyszesthesia
Dysalbumose

Dysanagnosia [<Jt .hard; avay-

reading]. Word-blindness; dys-
lexia.
Dysaphc . painful; . touch]. Mor-

• touch.
Dysapocatastasi> [/<'.. hard;

iblishment]. Morbid restless
and dissatisfaction.
Dysaponotocv . difficult;

unless; -■■-■■■■;, birth.]. Painless, but difficult,

Dysarthria difficult; ap

articulation]. Impairment of the power of spt •
articulation, from d I the medulla and pons.

D. literalis. Synonym ol Stammering.

Dysarthrosis ir-tk ' rtr) [<Jif-, bad; apdpov, a

joint], i. A deformed joint 2. A false-joint. .}.
lint.

Dysbasi . , difficult; IdaiQ , a step] .

Diffi ultj of walking. (Proposed instead of abasia,
as in the affection there is rarely absolute inability to

W.l

Dysbulia difficult; hbXeadai, to

will]. Impairment of will power.
Dyscataposis U-ap'-o-sis). Synonym of Hydro-

Dyschroa, 1 >r Dyschrcea [dis'-kro-ah or -kre'-ah) {
bad; . or]. Discoloration, especially of the

:u.
Dyschromatopsia [dis-kro-mat-of/ -se-ah) [Svc-, ill ;
. vision]. Difficulty in distin-

Dyschromia >i/i) \Svq-, ill; \pL>p.a, color],

ally of the skin.
Dyschylia [dis-ki' -le-aK) [owe-, ill; xv/"C, chyle].

I m - irder of the chyle.
Dyscinesia , ill ; Kivqoig, mo-

m]. Difficult or painful motion.
Dyscoria . bad; tedptj, pupil]. Ab-

rmality of the form of tin- pupil.
Dyscrasia | . bad; K/tuTir. combi-

ed or abnormal -t.it- ; an al
mal or impure condition of the blood, due to general

Dyscrasic, Dyscratic

mbination], < (f the nature of, or af-
fected with
Dyseccea, or Dysecoia i'-aK)

1 lardness ol hearing.
Dysenteria r. D.

splenica. Syn mym ol .1/ 'ena.
Dysenteric . the

]. 'if the nature of or affei ted with dysentery.
Dysentery bad :

irked by inflam-
mation of t

int' ith tormina and I . and the frequent

pa- md bio tools I ''ith may

ilt from asthenia, 01 u- from perforation.

Toward the close of grave cases of the disease the
stools ma) become watery, black (the so called "tneat-
, and of an offensive gangrenous odor.
Dysentery is prevalent in all malarious regions, and i>
also likely to occur among troops when the food is

poor and irritating, and the drinking water impure.
D., Algid, that form characterized bj great feebleness
or absence <<i the pulse beat, cyanosis, aphonia, sup-
pression of urine, cold surface, and an early fatal
issue. D., Amebic, that in which the Ameba eoli is
found in the stools. D., Hemorrhagic, a grove
bowel-disease in India, marked by profuse hemor-
rhages from the bowels, with collapse. D., Sporadic,
a mild type occurring in temperate climates. D.,
White, an epidemic variety, with mucopurulent
>t< tols.

Dysepulotic (Jis-<-p-u-lot'-ik) \iv , bad; eirouAunxof,
healing]. Cicatrizing slowly ami imperfectly.

Dysesthesia [dis-es-tke/-ze-ah\ \Svq-, difficult; ainiU/rni;,
sensation]. Dulness of any sensation, especially that
of touch. 2. Painfullness of any sensation not nor-
mally painful. D. interna, amnesia. D. receptiva,
pain or distress felt in the vertex or occiput, often \\ ith
a feeling " as if the head were being opened and shut."

Dysgenesis [dis-jen* f-es-is) [dvc-, hard ; yeveaa;. genera
tion]. In biology, the second of Broca's four degr es
of fecundity — in the union of two species. Cf. Agene-
sis, Parogen tis, Eugenesis.

Dysgeusia [dis-ju' -se-ah) [owe-, ill ; yevatg, tasti ].
Morbidity or perversion of the sense of taste.

Dysgrammatism (dis-gram/-at-izm\ [6vg-, difficult;
ypdftfm, a letter]. Inability to make the proper 11-
words. It is a symptom of certain cerebral di-,ea>e>.

Dysgraphia [dis-graf '-e-ah) [owe-, difficult; ; puipeiv ,
to write]. I. Inability to write, as a result of a brain-
lesion. 2. Imperfect configuration of an organ.

Dyshidrosis (dis-hid-ro'-sis). See Dysidrosis.

Dysidrosis {dis-id-r</-sis) [owe-, bad ; Idpooig, sweat-
ing]. Excessive activity of the sweat-glands, in asso-
ciation with a retention of their secretion, probably
due to some neurotic disorder. See Chiropompholyx,
Pompholyx.

Dyskinesia [dis-kin-e/-se-ah>j [owe-, difficult; Ktvr/cnc;,
movement]. Impairment of the power of voluntary
motion. See Discin sia.

Dyslalia {dis-la'-le-ah} [owe , difficult ; /n?rh\ to talk].
Impairment or difficulty of speaking, due to some
non-central lesion (such as a defect of the vocal bands
or of the palah

Dyslexia [dis-leks'-e-ah) [owe-, difficult; '/>ii>\ read
ing]. Morbid or aphasic difficulty or fatigue in read-
ing.

Dyslochia {dis-lo* -ke-aJi) [ore-, bad ; '/ii\/n, the lochia].
An abnormal condition of the lochia! discharge.

Dyslogia [dis-lo' '-je-ah) [ot>c-, difficult; /'<;<». speech].
Difficulty in >peech, not so much with individual
words as with the expression ol' ideas ; it is due to
some central lesion. See also /

Dyslysin (dis'-lis-in) \6vq-, difficult ; "Kbeiv, to di^-olve],
(■,.,11,,-' >... A resinous anhydrid of cholalic acid. It
is insoluble in water, alcohol, and alkalies. It is a
Hon crystallifie substance soluble in an excess of ether.

Dysmenorrhea {dis-men-or-e'-ah) [o"«e . difficult; ufp>,
month; freeiv, to flow]. Obstructed or difficult men-
struation. D., Congestive, a form of painful men-
struation in which often no lesion can be found, the
in being due to an intense congestion of the pelvic
viscera. In other cases there exists some morbid con-
dition that is aggravated by the menstrual congestion.
D., Intermediate, pain occurring regularly each
month, but not at the menstrual period. D., Me-
chanical. See /> , Obstructive. D., Membranous,

DYSMEROGENESIS

103

DYSS1 ASIA

painful discharge of the menstrua] decidua in one or
more large pieces, instead ol after un li rgoin ; disin
tegration. D. Mixture. See Guaiac Mixtur , /• n-
ner's. D., Neuralgic. See />., Spasmodic. Also, a
term applied to Neurotic dysmenorrhea, q, v. D.,
Neurotic, a peculiar form ol dysmenorrhea oi • airing
in women of neurotic temperament and marked by
neuralgic pains, not confined to the pelvis, but dis-
tributed over the body. D., Obstructive, that due
to mechanical obstruction to the free escape ol the
menstrua] Quid. It is usually due to contraction of
the cervical canal, associated with anteflexion of the
uterus. D., Ovarian, that form in which the pain is
apparently entirely in the ovaries. It is aching or burn-
ing in character and referred to the ovarian cent , a
spot at the level of and about two inches internal to
the anterior superior iliac spine. D., Spasmodic,
that form of dysmenorrhea due to spasmodic uterine
contraction. It i^ often associated with deficient uterine
development.

Dysmerogenesis {dis-tner-o-jen' '-es-is\ \jSvc-, bad; pe-
;»», apart; yevvav, to beget]. In biology, a variety
of budding in which the various buds are very dis-
similar.

Dysmimia {dis-mim' -e-ah) [due-, difficult; fufii
to mimic]. Aphasic difficulty in using Mgns or sym-
bols in lieu of words.

Dysmnesia (dxs-mne/-ze-ah) \6vq-, difficult; jtvrjaiq,
memory]. Impairment or defect of the memory.

Dysmorphia (dis-mor/-fe-ah) [due-, ill; popfi), form].
I )eformity.

Dysmyotonia {dis-mi-o-tof-ne-aK) [dvg , bad ; i/ir, a
muscle; r6voc, tone]. I. Atony of the muscles. 2.
Excessive tonicity in muscles; myotonia.

Dysneuria [dis-nu' '-re-ak) [due-, bad; vevpov, nerve].
Nervous disorder or distress ; sense-impairment.

Dysnusia (dis-nu' '-ze-ah) [due-, bad ; /ore, mind].
Weakness or impairment of the mind.

Dysodia (dis-of-de-ah) [SvoutVa; (h<<;-, ill; breiv, to
smell]. Fetor; stench; ill smell. Also a synonym
of Rhinitis atrophica, q. v.

Dysodontiasis (dis-o-don-ti'-as-is) [due-, bad; bfinv-
Ttaaiq, dentition]. Difficult dentition.

Dysodynia [dis-o-dinf -e-ah) [due-, ill ; bdvvrj, pain].
Ineffective labor-pains.

Dysopia (dis-o* ' pe-ah) [dwtwrta; due-, bad; hip, eye].
Defective or painful vision. D. tenebrarum. Syn-
onym of Hemeralopia.

Dysorexia (dis-or-eks' '-e-ah) \fivc-, ill ; ope^ir, appetite].
A depraved or unnatural appetite.

Dysosmia (dis-oz/-me-ah) [due-, ill; bafirj, odor], i.
An unpleasant or fetid odor. 2. Loss or impairment
of the sense of smell.

Dysosphresia [dis-os-fref -ze-ah) [due-, ill; b(70f»/n/c,
smell]. Impairment ol" tin- sense of smell.

Dysostosis (dis-os-to'-sis) [Stic-, ill; barkav, bone].
Defective formation of bone.

Dyspareunia (dis-par-oo' '-ne-ah) [dvanapewoc, ill-
mated]. Painful or difficult performance of copula-
tion from physical incompatibility.

Dyspepsia [dis-pep/ re-ah) [due-, difficult; iriirTetv, to
digest]. Impaired or imperfect digestion. It may

- be acute, from some error in diet, or chronic, due to
catarrh of the mucous coat of the stomach, the presi
of abnormal ferments, or to other slowly acting patho-
logic conditions of the viscus. D.. Atonic, a derange-
ment of the stomach, with disi >rder i >f its functions, due
to insufficient quantity or impaired quality of the gastric
juice, or to deficient action of the gastric muscles. D.,
Colonic. See Enteritis, Membranous. D., Duode-
nal. See Enteritis, Membranous. D., Follicular.
Synonym of Enteritis, Membranous. D., Intestinal,

due to defects in the pancreatic, biliary, or in-
tinal secretions, or to defii ienl : 1 1 i ,

marked by borborygtoi, flatulence, etc. D., Irrita-
tive, the catarrhal form oi imp. ri don.
D., Nervous, that form characterized by sensations
of distress and uni a iness dming digestion, although
tin- act is accomplished within the physiologic timi
limit. It occurs most frequently in those "t the i
rotic constitution. D., Smokers'. See />., Tobacco.
D., Tobacco, that due to excessive use "\ tobai >

Dyspepsodynia (dis-pep-so-din'-e-ah). Synonym . .1
Gastraigia.

Dyspepsy (a'is-pep'-se). See Dyspef

Dyspeptic [dii pep/-ttk) [due . diffii ull ; - rrreiv, to di
gest]. i. Relating to oi affected with dyspepsia. 2.
< >ne who has dyspepsia.

Dyspeptone (dis-pep* '-tin) [di , difficult;
digest]. An insoluble and unassimilable product of
tin- gastric digestion of proteids. See A/r/apeptone
and Heniiprotcin.

Dysperistalsis [dis-per-is-iaP -sis) [due-, painful ; wept,
around; rrrii'/ni<;, compression]. Violent peristaltic
action of the intestine.

Dyspermatism (dis-pet^-mat-izm) [d?r-, diffii
a-fpun, seed]. I >iffi< ulty of depositing the .^perm
within tin- vagina.

Dyspermia (dis-perm/-e-ah). See Dvsspermia.

Dysphagia (dis-fa' '-je-ah) [due-, ill: . t'> eat].

Difficult}- in swallowing, or inability to swallow. D.,
Convulsive. Synonym of / -*: trismus. D. glo-
bosa, globus hystericus. D. hysterica. Synonym of
Globus hystericus. D. spastica, dysphagia due to
hysteric spasm of the esophagus or pharynx.

Dysphasia [dis-fa' '-ze-ah) [due-, ill; <pdaig, speech].
Imperfect or disconnected speech, arising from h.>s of
or faulty arrangement of words, and dependent u
a central lesion.

Dysphonia (dis-fof'-ne-ah) [due-, difficult ; <pwvj}, voice].
A condition ot defective voice ; hoarseness. It is due
to some acute or chronic inflammatory condition, new-
growths, paralysis, or ulcerations of the vocal bands.
D. clericorum, chronic glandular laryngitis; clergy-
man's sore-throat, 17.7'. D. spastica, speakers' cramp ;
stammering of the vocal bands.

Dysphoria (dis-fo' -re-ah) [due-, difficult; ftpeiv, to bear] .
Impatience and restlessness ; mental anxiety; fidgets.

Dysphrasia (dis-fra' '-zhe-ah) [due-, ill ; opaoic, speech].
Imperfect speech, due to impairment of the mental
powers. Kussmaul's term for a mental condition in
which the emotion is opposed to the words designed
to express it.

Dysphrenia (dis-fre/ -ne-ah) [due-, bad; ",i/,r, mind].
Any mental disorder.

Dyspnea (disp-ne/ -ah) [Arc-, difficult; irvieiv, to
breathe]. Difficult or labored breathing, arising from
various causes, as laryngeal or tracheal obstruction,
heart-disease, kidney-disease, lung-disease, or anemia.
It may be either inspiratory or expiratory, according
as it is mainly dependent upon the muscle> of inspira-
tion or expiration ; or it may be general, that is, both
inspiratory and expiratory. D., Asthmatic, that due
to asthma. D., Cardiac, that due to heart-disease
D., Postural. See Orthopnea. D., Renal, that due
to renal disease. D., Uremic, that due to uremia.
D., Rhythmic. See Cheyne-Stokes Respirat

Dyspneic (disp-ne'-ik) [''re-, difficult; trvketv, to
breathe]. Affected with or caused by dyspnea. D.
Coma. See Coma diaceticum.

Dysspermia (dis-spert-me-ah) [due-, ill; a-ipna, seed].
An imperfect or abnormal condition of the semen.

Dysstasia, or Dystasia {dis-taf -ze-ah) \Svq-, ill;
Grume, standing]. Difficulty in standing. A term

vTAXIA

104

I \k I II

pr >

abs ilul D. Dysbasia.

Dystaxia -""»•

teleologic • l,,r

teleology

• rudimentary

liform appendix,
ainful ; 8

■'<} \ ith.

Dysthela- i ! » to

:ult) in »r in giving suck.

ill ] i llj ill health due to a non-

2. impatience;

Dysthetic " do or feel ill].

Dysthymia ■ • mind].

iion. D. algetica, men-

lue to j nerve-irritation. D.

neuralgica, iiuni.i. lie to facial or other

Dystithia . difficult; nrB

■r inability to nurse at

■

Dystocia . birth].

D., Fetal, difficult labor due to such

fetal irregularities as displacement of the arm, exces-
sive size, plural pregnancy, monsters, etc. D., Ma-
ternal, <hi<- to some defect on the >i<i^- of the mother,
as peh ic deformity or disi

Dystonia // ah) [due-, ill; rdvoc, tone]. Dis

• lack of tonii it) ,

Dystopia | .ill; rdrroc, place]. Dis-

placement "I anj organ.

Dystrophia {dis-tro,-fe-aK). See Distrophy.

Dystrophic {dis-tro* -fik\ [due-, bad ; 7/ mo//, nourish
ment ]. Po< irly nourished.

Dystrophoneurosis (,lis-tro/'-o-nu-ri/-sis) [dw , bad ;
-<>,,, ,r, nourishmenl ; vevpov, a nerve; vdeog, disease],
A disturbance of nutrition caused by abolition or
perversion of nervous influence ; or a nervous disease
caused by ill-nutrition.

Dystrophy [disf -tro-fe\ [due-, bad; Tp6<j>rj, nourish-
ment]. Imperfect or faulty nourishment D., Prim-
ary Muscular. Sec Atrophy, Idiopathic Muscular.

Dystropodextrin {dis-tro-po-deks' -trin) ['hr-, bad ;
, to turn ; dexter, right]. A starchy material
sting in normal blood, and but slightly soluble.

Dysulotous ydis-u' -lo-tus) [duaofrAurog ad ; ev/.i,,

i J 1 [ealing with difficulty.

Dysuria [diz-uf -re-aK) [due-, ill ; oipov, urine]. Difficult
or painful urination ; it may be due to calculi, cystitis,
spasm, stricture.

Dysuric (diz-u'-rik) [3vg-, ill ; oipov, urine]. Aflected
with or relating to dysuria.

Dysury {diz' -u-re). Same as Dysuria.

E. ind Emmetropia.

'■'. I Force.

Ext. turn.

Eagle-wood urn.

Ear , ' . [ \1 1 . . oi hearing. It

ear, the middle ear or

i labyrinth. II-

E.-

ache. E.-bone, an auditory o--,icle.

E . Cj'. r it to resem-

E. -cough, reflex cough from

in E. -crystal, an

E. -deformities He, and

ternal
n imed de

/. i- an
I that tin

. and
arti-

folds. It

: r

E Drum of. turn.

E.-fingei ittle

i which

it is pendulous, as in certain animals. E. -giddiness,
a synonym of MSniire's Disease. E.-hole, the exter-
nal auditory meatus. E., Inflammation of. See
Otitis. E., Internal, the Labyrinth, q. v. E.-lobe,
the lobe of the ear. E., Middle. See Tympanum.
E. -sneezing, sneezing produced by inflammation of
the ear. E. -spoon, a curet used in removing cei
umen. E. stone. See Otolith. E. -trumpet, an
instrument lor gathering a larger number of waves of
sound to a focus, and thus improving the hearing of
those partially deaf. E. -tumor, Hematoma auris,
//. v. E, -vertigo, a synonym of Meniere's Disi
E. -vomiting, reflex vomiting from auditory dis
ease. E.-wax. Sec; Cerumen. E. -wig, an insect
■fieula auricula' ly supposed to have

a fondness for secreting itself in the external audi-
tor}- meatus.
Earth [erth) [ME., erthe, earth]. In chemistry, a
name given to various metal lii oxids or silicates, not
soluble in water and not affected by gnat heat. E.,
Alkaline, the oxids and hydrates of calcium, magne
sium, strontium, barium, and othei metals of the same
up. E.-bath. a -and bath. See Bath. E., Ci-
molian. Sec Cimolian. E. -closet, a privy in
which the dejecta are disposed of by the Dry-earth
'era, ,/. t. E.-cure, the therapeutic use of earth,
. mud. or -and. E. -dressing, a dressing of earth
wounds, brui It has marked deodorizing

E., Fuller's, a clay u an absorbent

dl< -ore-. See ;ll-o . 1 III lllotlli rat'V, BoU.

EAR

105

EAR

E. -worm, a common soil inhabiting worm, Lumbricus
terrestris. An oily liniment prepared' from earth-
worms is vulgarly he-id in lii.u'h esteem a> a relaxant
for contracted tendons. In Russia a preparation of

eartli worms is highly valued as a diuretic.

Osseous Labyrinth of the
i imina spiralis
ea).
I, 2, 3. Semicircular canals. 4.
Mile. 5. Ampulla. 6.
1 . e a semi - elliptica. 7.
1 liemispherica. S. t ''•. b-
lea. 9. Origin of 1 a ra 1 a a
10 Foramen
rotundum.

Osseous and Membranous
vrinth of the Ear.

tibular branch of audi-
tory nerve. 2 Brani li for
sacculus. 3. Branch for utric-
ulus. 4. Branch for ampulla
of membranous posterior
semicircular canal 5. Branch
for ampulla of external canal
6. Branch for ampulla of supe-

Cerior canal. 7. Cochlear
ranch of auditory nerve. 8.

Cochlea.

The Ear.

1 Pinna, or auricle. 2 Concha. 3. External auditory canal.
4 Membrana tympani. 5. Incus. 6. Malleus. 7. Manu-
brium mallei S. Tensor tympani. 9. Tympanic cavity. 10.
Eustachian tube. 11. Superior semicircular canal. 12. Pos-
terior semicircular canal. 13. External semicircular canal.
14. Cochlea. 15. Internal auditory canal. 16 Facial nerve.
17. Large petrosal nerve. [8. Vestibular branch of auditory
nerve. 19. Cochlear branch.

Auditory Ossicles.

1. Head of Malleus. 2. Processus
brevis. 3. Processus gracilis. 4.
Manubrium. 5. Long process of in-
cus. 6. Articulation between incus
and stapes 7. Stapes.

Membranous Labyrinth of the Ear.

Distribution of the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve to
the membranous labyrinth ; membranous vestibule and
semicircular canals. X 3.

1. Vestibular branch. 2. Saccular branch. 3. Utricular branch.
4. Branch to ampulla of external membranous semicircular
canal. 5. Branch to ampulla of superior membranous semi-
circular canal.

Cochlea (Lamina spiralis ossi- v .

, i, 1. Surrounding bony structure. 2. Semi-infundibu'iforrn
lamella. 3. Its concave surface. 4. Concave border in
which it terminates. 5. Anterior extremity of this border.
6. Cupola 1 two-thirds removed. 7. Inferior portion

of base of semi-infundibulifonn lamella. S. S. Lamina
ralis ossea. 9. Its origin. 10. Its beak or terminal :
ii, 11. Scala tympani 12 Scala vestibuli. 13. Internal
auditory canal. 14. Fossa at the base of the modiolus.

Cochi i

1. Scala tympani. 2 Scala vestibuli. 3. Anterior or triangu-
lar canal. 4. Posterior or quadrilah r-piral
ligament. 6. External spiral sulcus 7. Membrana tectoria,
or membrane of Corn. v Membrana basilaris 9. Spiral
10. Limbus lamina? spiralis. 11 Pillars of organ
of Corti. 12. Branch of cochlear nerve. 13. Gai _
spirale 14. Branch of cochlear nerve between the lamellae
of the lamina spiralis ossea. 15. One of the orifices by
which this branch penetral anal of C Part
.■1 bonj cochlea. 17. Lininf , Membrane of
Reissner.

1 VSTON'S -\ kl r

406

I I IIINul'Kliir.M

Easton's Syrup.

Eat it [AS.,«tM, to eat]. I*o masticate and swallow

Eau, )[Kr] Water. E. de Cologne, cologne water.

E. de Vie, brand) ; alcoholic -i'iiit.
Eberth's Bacillus. 3 Table

E's. Lines. S
Ebner"s Glands.
Eboli's Te-
Ebonite Black hard rubber.

Ebracteate riv. ; bra t a, a thin

]. Inli

'holism.

Ebriety, Ebriosit Synonym

ein's Theory. \ I to the • 'li^in of gout.

1 nutritivi listurbance is thejpri-

m try change, rosis, and in the necrotic

ted. E.'s Treatment.

Ebullition

Ebur 11 [1 ] Ivory. E. dentis, dentine, q.v.

Eburnation . ivory]. 1. In-

ituents of bone causing
tsityof the same. 2. Ossification
us infiltration of a tumor.
Eburneous . ivory]. In Wiology,

Ecalcarate | [ ', priv. ; calcar, a spur]. In

ur or spur-like pr< cess.
Ecannate -':>■' in at) [ , priv. ; carina, keel]. In

1 carina or keel like structure.
Ecaudate iitda, a tail]. In

. without a tail like appendage. See
./
Ecballium See Elaterium.

Ecblepharos ir-os) [/*, out ; (itefapov, eye-

lid]. :it form of artificial eye.

Ecbloma ,OUt; in'/'/fiv, to cast]. An

i fetus.
Ecbolic ; throwing out]. I. A

tit.i j. A -ubstance used to produce abortion. <>r

irition; an abortifacient.
Ecbolin [ex, out ; A*//,, a throw]. An

f the active principles of ergot.
■vn about it.
Ecbolium ov; ex, out; Q&T&eiv,

/]. Any abortifacient drug.
Eccentric . center]. I.

lliar in behavior, but

E. Amputation. See Amputa-

E. Convulsion, one due to peripheral irritation.

Eccentricity [ex,out; xevrpov, center].

1 • behavior without true in-

;ritv.

Ecchondroma [ex, out; %6vdpog, car

\ cartilaginous tumor;

Ecchondros: vipog, car-

\ cartilaginous out-

Ecchondrotome

trument for the

[TOWths.

Ecchymom.i ,.,llf,t an ecchymo-

tumor made upoi extrav-

Ecchymosi--

Id into the sub utam

ration ol
'■"< tne ' ing to brown, green,

and yellow. It is often the result of traumatism. See.
also, Purpura.

Ecchymotic [ek-e-mot* -ik\ [inxv/ibeadai, to extravasate
blood]. Relating to or looking like ecchymosis.

Ecchysis [ek'-kis-is) \_ii\ \ ran •, a pouring out]. Any
skin-disease characterized by effusion into the dermal
tissue.

Eccoprosis [ek-o-pr& '-sis) [ex, out; xdirpoc, feces],
( rentle purgation ; defecation,

Eccoprotic [ek-o-prof '-ik) [ex, out; Kbirpoc, feces]. 1.
Gently aperient. 2. An) aperient remedy ; a purgative.

Eccrinology (ek-rin-ol* -o-je\ [kicpiveiv, to excrete ; JWj <» .
science]. The science of excretion, including its
physics, physiology, and pathology.

Eccyesis [ek-si-e,-sis') [ex, out ; Kbqoic, pregnancy].
Extra-uterine gestation.

Eccyliosis [ek-Si .1 [ex, out; KvTuetv, to roll].

Any'disorder of development.

Ecdemic [ek-demf-ik) [ruthifioq, away from home].
Applied to diseases originating in a distant locality;
not endemic.

Ecdemiomania [ek-de-me-o-ma'-ne-ah), or Ecdemo-
mania {ek-de-?no-ma,-ne-ah\ [Ixdip/ioc, away from
home; fiavla, madness]. Insanity marked by a de-
sire for wandering.

Ecdemionosus {ek-de-me-on'-o-sus) [kicihifiieiv, to wan-
der; vbaog, disease]. Ecdemiomania.

Ecderon (< k' -der-011) [ex, out; rft'poc, skin]. I. Thai
layer of skin or mucous membrane that lies outside of
the enderon. 2. The outermost or epithelial layer of
skin or mucous membrane.

Ecderonic (ek-der-on* -ik) [ex, out ; Skpoc, skin]. Be-
longing to or of the nature of the ecderon.

Ecdysis (ekr-dis-is) [ /Ac /r, to cast off]. In biology,
the sloughing or casting off of the skin.

Ecgonin \ek'-go-nin), C^H^NC^A H^O. An alkaloid
produced in the decomposition of cocain by HC1. It
is very soluble in water, more sparingly in alcohol,
and consists of prismatic crystals that melt at 2050 C.

Echidnin (e-kid'-nin) [e^fW, viper]. I. Serpent-
poison ; the poison or venom of the viper and other
similar serpents. 2. A nitrogenous and venomous
principle found in the poison-secretion of various ser-
pents.

Echinacea [ek-in-af -se-ah\ \f>dvoc, a hedgehog], A
genus of coarse composite plants of N. America. E.
angustifolia. Black Sampson. The root of a peren-
nial herb growing in the U. S. It is claimed that it
possesses marked alterative value in strumous and
syphilitic conditions. Dose of the fluid extract n^xy—
xxx. Unof.

Echinate (ekf-in-at) \echinatus, prickly, from echinus,
a hedgehog]. Beset with prickles.

Echinochrome [e-kif -no-krom\ [kx'ivoc, a sea-urchin ;
/</, color]. In biology, a brown pigment of
respirator}' function found by MacMunn in the peri-
visceral fluid of Echinus.

Echinochromogen [e-ki-no-kr& '-tno-Jen) [t\irnc, a
urchin; i/ir'uni, color; ;''■//. producing]. In
biology, the chromogen causing the deepening of
color in echinochrome on exposure to air.

Echinococcus {e-ki-no-kok' -us) \?xivoc, a hedgehog;
"< . a berry]. In biology, the same as E. veteri-
norum. the hydatid of the Tania echinococcus of the
dog, the most universally distributed of all the hyda-
tids. It is found mainly in the liver and in the lungs
of cattle. See Parasites {Animal), Table of.

Echinopedium [e-ki-no-pe'-de-umS [*'j7w>c, a sea-
urchin ; rrai6!av, dim. of 7ra/c (tt«/A), a child]. In
biology, Huxley's term for the bilaterally symmetric
larva of an echinoderm just as it leaves the egg. It
in many ways resembles a worm-larva. < f. I'lutcus.

K< II I. V (PLACID

•107

I I PIIY.MA

Echinoplacid (e-ki-no-plrs'-id) [ a sea-urchin ;

tt'/ii-, a plate]. In biology, applied to echinoderms
having spines on the madreporic plate.

Echinorhyncus (e-ki-no-rin' -kus) \_i.\n<" , hedgeh
/■i i •» , beak]. A worm parasitic within certain ani-
mals and occasionally found in man. E. gigas i-
the best-known species. E. hominis is smaller, and
i> perhaps an immature form of the other. See Para-
sties I Animal), Table of.

Echinulate (e-kin'-u-ldt) [ecAinulus, dim. of echinus, a
hedgehog]. In biology, beset with prickles of small
size.

Echitamin [e-kti'-am-in), ( '.,.,1 1..V( •,. Anamorphous
alkaloid of Dita, with a paralyzing power comparable
to that of curare. It is also called Ditain.

Echitenin {e-kW -en-in i, C.,,,1 !._.- X< >,. An amorphous,
brown alkaloid of Dita, soluble in alcohol and water.

Echlorophyllose [e-klo-ro-fiV -os) [f, priv.; \/>
yellowish-green; tpb/iXov, a leaf]. In biology, desti-
tute of chlorophyl.

Echma [ek'-mah) [■!,""• a stoppage : pi., Echmata~\.
A stoppage or obstruction.

Echmasis [ek'-mas-is) [/ 1""-;" . l" hinder: pi., Ech-
mases~\. An obstruction or an obstructive disease.

Echmatic [ek-maf-ik) \_i\\inum , to hinder]. Due to or
marked by an echmasis or an echma.

Echo (e&f-o) ['/A'^N a sound]. A reverberated sound.
E.-sign, a symptom of epilepsy and other brain-
conditions in which there is a repetition of the closing
wonl or words of a sentence. It is regarded as the
result of perverted will, or impaired or defective inhi-
bition. E. -speech, a peculiar method of utterance in
one type of hypnotism.

Echokinesia, Echokinesis [ek-o-kin-e,-ze-ah,ox-e,-sis)
\_iiX<l>, echo ; nivr/aic, motion]. Imitative unwilled ac-
tion, like that observed in palmus or latah. See Pal-
mus and Habit-spasm.

Echolalia (ek-o-la'-le-ah) [//jw, echo ; /.a/.tn, talk]. An
aphasic symptom consisting in a repetition of words
spoken to the patient by others.

Echometer [ek-om' '-et-er) \_iix<->, sound ; jierpov, a meas-
ure]. A stethoscope.

Echopathy {ek-opr -ath-e) [jyjw, echo ; nadog, disease].
Any automatic and purposeless repetition of a word
or sound heard or of an act seen.

Echophotony [ek-o-fof '-o-ne) [_>'/yu, echo ; fag, light ;
t&voc, tone]. The production of the sensation of color
by the stimulus of aerial waves, or sound. See Phon-
ism, Photism.

Echophrasia (ek-o-fi-a'-ze-ali) [^jw, echo; opaciq,
speech]. Same as Echolalia.

Echos (e/-kos) [^Xoc> sound]. Any subjective sensa-
tion, as of a sound that has no objective cause.

Echoscope irk'-o-skop) [//^w, sound ; oicoireiv, to ex-
amine]. A stethoscope.

Echuja (ck'-u-jaJi). An apocynaceous plant, Adenium
bcehmianum, of Africa. It is extremely poisonous.

Echujin, Echugin (ck'-n-jin). A poisonous glucosid
from the plant called Echuja ; it has much the same
effects as strophanthin.

Eciomania [ek-e-o-maf -ne-aK). See Oikiomania.

Ecker's Angle. See Angle. E. Fissure. See Fis-
sure.

Eclampsia {ek-lamp* '-se-ah) [tK?dinreir. to shine or
burst forth ; from the suddenness of the attack]. I.
A sensation as of a light flashing before the eyes.
[Obsolete]. 2. Any epileptiform seizure, espe-
pecially one in which consciousness is not lost 3.
Puerperal convulsion. A convulsive or epileptiform
seizure suddenly coming on in a woman prior to or
during labor, or in the puerperal state. The convul-
sions are first tonic and then clonic, and finally affect

the involuntary muscles as well as the voluntary ;
consciousness is lo.^t, and the attack is followed bj
coma or sleep. The etiology is obscure, the attack
generally repeated, the prognosis grave. The term
eclampsia is also used a^ a general designation for
convulsions, and besides the puerperal form described
there are the infantile and uremic types. See Convul-
sions. E. nutans, the nodding spasm or salaam a n
vulsion of young 1 hildren In tl tion the head

and upper part of the body are bowed forward several
times in succession. The attacks tend to occur in
paroxysms, during which the child suffers temporarily
from disordered consciousness.
Eclampsic [ek-lamp/-sik). amptie.

Eclamptic {ek-lamp* -tik\ [enXa/iireiv, to shine or burst
forth]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of,
eclampsia.
Eclectic {ek-lek' -tilt) \iK/\eKTUc6aig, selection]. Pertain-
ing to a choosing or selection. Applied by a certain
school of physicians to themselves, to denote their
principle or plan of selecting or choosing that which
is good from all other schools.
Eclecticism [ek-lek* '-tis-izm) \iKkeKTut60tg, selection].

The doctrine and practice of the Eclectics.
Eclegm [ek'-lem\ \j K/nyfia, an electuary]. An elect-
uary.
Eclegma, or Ecleigma [ek-leg/-maA, ek-hg,-mah\ [«,
out; ?.eixew, to lick: //., Eclegmata\. An elec-
tuary.
Eclimia [ek-lim'-e-ak) [tuTu/ila]. Same as Bulimia.
Eclipsis (ck-lip'-sis) [kiutettytg, a dying out]. A sudden
failure ; trance ; catalepsy ; a sudden and transient loss
or impairment of consciousness.
Eclysis (ck'-lis-is) \jEKkvoig, a release, a loosening]. Any-
loosening, as of the bowels. Also a slight amount of,
or merely a tendency to, syncope. It is present in
anemia of the brain.
Ecmnesia (ek-mne/-ze-aA) [en, out; uvi'rsic, memory].
The dropping out of the memory of the events of a
certain portion of time.
Ecnea (ek-ne'-ah) [in, out ; vovg, mind]. Insanity.
Ecoid (e/-koid) [ol/coc, house]. A blood-shadow ; the
colorless stroma or framework of red coquiscles of the
blood that have been deprived of their hemoglobin ; a
shadow-corpuscle.
Economy (e-ko/i'-o-me) [oIkoc, house ; vdfiog, a law].
A general name for the human being considered as a
whole.
Ecorticate [e-kor' '-tik-dt) [e, priv. ; cortex, bark]. In

biology, destitute of a cortical layer.
Ecouvillon {a-koo-vef-yon(g))\J<T.\ See Ecouvillot
Ecouvillonage [a-koo-ve-yon-ahzh' ') [Fr. ]. The opera-
tion of cleansing, and carrying medicinal agents to, the
inside of the uterus by means of a brush.
Ecphlysis (ek'-Jlis-is) \iKf'Avretv, burst out : //., Ecphly-

se.f\. Any vesicular eruption.
Ecphractic (ek-frak'-tik) [kufpaKTiidg, clearing ob-
struction]. I. Removing obstructions. 2. An ec-
phractic medicine.
Ecphronia {ek-fro> -ne-ah) [in, out of; fpvv, mind].

Insanity.
Ecphyadectomy [ek-f-ad-ek' -to-me) [!» appen-

dage; ticro/ify, excision]. Excision of the vermiform
appendix.
Ecphyaditis {ek-fi-ad-H '-tis) [iming, appendage ; trig,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermiform ap-
pendix ; appendicitis. This term has also been used
to include typhlitis, perityphlitis, etc.
Ecphyas [ek'-fi-as) [empvag, an offshoot]. The vermi-
form appendix.
Ecphyma {ek-fi'-mah) [or, out ; ftieaftat, to grow : pi. ,
Ecphymata\ An excrescence on the skin.

I ' 1'1!\ -1 SIS

108

ECT( H'AGUS

Ecphysesis ■«']•

Rapid breath
Ecphysis . out : th]. In

. by Bate to the branch of any pari
lar crusl > branch spi

. .i branch springing

Ecptoma

. in.
Ecpyesis purate

i nr.it i. >i i 2. Any

Ecpyetic to suppurate].

Ecrascment removal

t th bj ii. eur.

seur i r ] An instrument used in

nsisting of a chain or

. whereby the tissue is

ther than cut, thus rendering

Ecrodactylia escape;

en.
Ecstaltic r, to send].

applied specially to
rom the spinal cord.
Ecstasy . a trance]. A derange

m char i by an

! volition, insensibil-
ity ■ idiant expression, and immo-
bil It is also called Carus-

tria.
Ecstrophy out; orplQeiv, to turn].

. • turning inside out of a part.
Ectad . external; ad, to]. On or

Ectal ternal]. At some surface or

sed center than that with
.pared. External, super-
■n. Table of.
Ectasia
Ectasis tension]. Abnormal

r dilatation of a part.
Ectatic -ion]. Characterized

bj ■
Ectenta'. . .inward: . inward].

• union between the e< toderm
E. Line. See Lines, Table of
Ectethmoid rom; /)"»>..■■

of the lateral cellular ma

Ecthyma pustule]. An inflam-

ruption of large,

•id of a vcl-

izi from

liar, and arc sur-

reola Brownish

litly

• ruption : as a

hail re thick ;

it ■ for an indefinite

illation with

in

Kcthymiform a pustule;

Ectillotic , pluck].

fall; i ii.- ing i orns

Ectins bow].

11 in front

Ecto- iek'-to-) [/.-■.', without]. A prefix signifying

without, upon the outer side.
Ectobatic batf-ik) [e/crrfc, out ; to go].

1 fferent; centrifugal; moving ectad or distad.
Ectoblast {ek'-h \ ~ ■. outside; .Ounrne, a

bud]. In biology, a simple, sensitive, covering, and

protecting cell-layer; tin- ectoderm.
Ectobliquus [ek-to-bltf -kvms) \kicr6{ , outward ; obliquus,

slanting]. The external oblique muscle of the abdo-
men. See Musi le , /.'//'/,• of.
Ectocardia [ek-to-kar* -de-ah) [ixrdc,, out ; xapdia, the

heart]. Abnormality of position of the heart.
Ectocarotid [ek-to-kar-ot'-id) [e/mic, out; k6

stupor]. The external carotid artery. See Arteries,

Ectocarpous [ek-to-kar4 '-pus) \zktoc, outside ; napndr,
fruit]. In biology, applied to such animals as have
the reproductive organs located in the ectoderm.

Ectoceliac.nr Ectocelian [ek-to-se' -le-ak, ek-to-Si ' -I, an |
[.''.-in;, out; /..<///(;, the belly]. Occurring or situated
outside a ventricle of the brain.

Ectocelic [ek-to-se' -lilt) \\lktoc, outside; muz in, a
hollow]. In biology, applied to structures placed
outside the body-cavity in a celenterate.

Ectochoroidea, or Ectochorioidea {ek-to-ko-roi'-de-
ah, or ek-to-ko-re-oi' -de-ah) \Ik7<»;, out; X"l""!
like a membrane]. The outer layer of the choroid,
composed mainly of fibro-connective tissue.

Ectocinerea /</-<•' -re-ah) [kurdr, out; cinereus,

ashy]. The gray substance of the cortex of the brain.
Cf. Entocinerea.

Ectocondyle [ek-to-kon'-dil) \Jkt6c, out; K&vdvXog,
condyle]. An external condyle.

Ectocornea (ek-to-kor/-ne-ah ) [kicrdg, out ; corneus,
horny]. The corneal conjunctiva.

Ectocyst (ek'-lo-sist) \ekt6q, out; icbarig, a cyst]. The
thick, laminated, translucent, and highly elastic mem-
brane of an hydatid cyst. It is lined by a thin cel-
lular membrane called the endocyst. The outer layer
of the cenecium (or common dermal system) of a col-
ony of Polyzoa.

Ectoderm {kkr -to-dertri) \Jktoc, outside ; Aeppn, skin].
In biology, the primitive outer wall of the body ; the
animal germinal layer; the term was first applied to
the outer of the two membranes of a hydroid zoophyte.
See Blastoderm.

Ectoentad [ek-to-enr -tad\ \ekt6q, without; evr6q, with-
in; ad, to]. From without inward.

Ectogastrocnemius [ek-to-gas trok-ne' -me-us) [e/er<5c,
without; yaarpoKV^pxa, the calf of the leg], I he
gastrocnemius externus muscle. See Muscles, Tab.'

Ectogenous [ek-tof -en-us) [e<er<$c, out; yevvav, to pro-
duce]. Developed outside the body (said of cer-
tain pathogenic bacteria and of enthetic poisons).

Ectogluteus (ek-to-glu-te' -us) \i«r6q, without; y/umrdr,
the rump]. The external gluteus muscle. See Mus-
cles, Table of.

Ectolecithal '-ith-al) [i«r<Jc, outside ; /\in

yolk], [n embryology, applied to such eggs as have
the formation-yolk enclosed in a superficial layer of
food sulk.

Ectomere [ekr -to-mir) [e/er<5c, out; uipoc, a share].
Any one of the cells "i tin- ovum that are destined to
take part in forming tin- ectoderm.

Ectopagia [ek-to-paf -je-ah) [e/mic, out; ff&yog, a fix-
ture]. The condition of being ectopagous; an ecto-
pagi >u^ m. mstrosil v.

Ectopagous {ek-top* -ag-us) \jatr6t, oul ; i fix

tun-]. ( if th.- nature of or pertaining to an ectopagiu.

Ectopagus i \}k roe, out; rr&yog, a fix-

tun]. A monomphalic twin monstrosity united later-
ally the full e\t<:it of the thorax.

ECTOPARASITE

409

I .' /I M \

Ectoparasite (ek-to-par'-as-it) [amic, outside; -
airo(;, a parasite]. In biology, a parasite that lives on
the exterior of its host.
Ectoparasitic {ek-to-par-as-W -ik) [eicrdg, out; ~
Oirog, a parasite]. Of the nature of or pert lining to
an ectoparasite.
Ectopatagium {ek-to-pat-af-e-um) [e/crdc, outside;
irara-jtiuv, the border of a garment]. In bioL
that part of the wing membrane or patagium oi a bat
which is limited to the manus; it is also called dacty-
lopatagium.
Ectophyte (ek'-to-fit , out ; </>vt6v, a plant]. An

external parasitic plant-growth.
Ectophytic {ek-to-fit'-ik) [e/cnic, out ; tjmrfo, a plant].

Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectophyte.
Ectopia (ek-to'-pe-ah) \lKTcmoq, displaced]. An ab-
normality of position. E. cordis. See Ectocardia.
E. lentis, dislocation or congenital malposition of the
crystalline lens. E. oculi, abnormal position of the
eyeball in the orbit. E. testis, abnormal position of
the testicle. E. vesicae, protrusion of the bladder
through the wall of the abdomen.
Ectopic (ek-top'-ik) [&CT0JTOC, displaced]. Pertaining
to ectopia; displaced. See also Teratism. E. Ges-
tation. See Gestation.
Ectoplasm [ek' '-to-plazm) [eicrdg, without; Tr'/.anaciv,
to form]. In biology, the outer, hyaline, more com-
pact layer of protoplasm in a cell or unicellular or-
ganismt as distinguished from the granular endoplasm.
Ectopy (ek'-to-pe). Same as Ectopia.
Ectoretina [ek-to-ref -in-ah) [ckt<5c, out; retina, retina].

The external and pigmentary layer of the retina.
Ectosarc (ek'-to-sark) [e/cnic, outside; cdpij, flesh].

In biology, same as Ectoplasm, q. v.
Ectoskeleton {ek-to-skelf -et-un). Same as Exoskeleton.
Ectosome (ek'-to-sow) \ikt6c, outside; aibfia, body].
In biology, applied to the outer region of a sponge,
which forms the covering of the choanosome, or mid-
dle region, with its flagellated chambers.
Ectosporous (ek-to-spo'-rus) [£kt6<;, outside ; airdpog ,

seed]. See Exosporoi/s.
Ectosteal (ek-tos'-tc-al) [turoc, out ; bariov, a bone].

Relating to, situated or occurring outside of, a bone.
Ectostosis [ek-tos-t(/ -sis) \inT6q, out ; bartov, a bone].
The growth of bone from without ; ossification that
begins at the perichondrium, or future periosteum.
Ectotheca [ek-toth' '-ek-ah) [e/crdf, outside; Ot/kji, case].
In biology, applied to the capsule of such compound
gonophores as those of Laomedca ; also to such the-
cae or asci as are exposed, e. g. those of discomycetous
fungi and gymnocarpous lichens.
Ec toxemia [ek-toks-e'-me-ah') [«, out ; to^ik6v, poison ;
alfia, blood]. Toxemia not originating within the
organism ; blood-poisoning from some cause not ex-
isting within the organism.
Ectozoon (ek-to-zo' -on) [ewroc, out ; roov, an animal :
pi., Ectozoa~\. An external animal parasite ; an ecto-
parasite.
Ectrodactylia, Ectrodactylism (ek-tro-dak-til' -e-ah .
ek-tro-dak' '-til-izm) [eicrpufia, abortion; r5d>cn/yloc,
finger]. Congenital absence of any of the fingers or
toes.
Ectrogenic (ek-tro-jen'-ik) [eicrpofta, abortion ; yevv&Vj
to produce]. Due to some loss of tissue, as from
traumatism or surgical operation. See also Teratism.
Ectrogeny [ek-trof '-en-e) [iicrpufia, abortion; yewav,
to produce]. Loss or absence of any part or organ.
Ectroma (ek-tro* -mah) \l«rpufia, abortion: pi., Ectro-

tnatd\. An aborted ovum or fetus.
Ectromelus [ek-trom '-el-us) [e/erpw<«c, abortion ; ft
limb]. A single autositic monster characterized by
the presence of aborted or imperfectly-formed limbs.

Ectropion.

Examples of this anomaly show every degree of
arreted development, from entire abseno limb

to simple shortening.

Ectropion (ek-tro* -pe-on) [ex, out; Tpineiv, to turn].
An everted eye-
lid ; abiiorin.il
i sion of an
eyelid ; also, an
everted state of ,
the cervical por-
tion of the endo-
metrium. E.,
Cicatricial, due
to destruction of
part of the skin
of the lid, with
cicatricial con-
traction. E.
luxurians, an
old name for ec-
tropion, with a proud-flesh appearance of the conjunc-
tiva. EM Paralytic, that due to paralysis of the
orbicularis palpebrarum. E., Sarcomatous.
E. luxurians. E., Senile, found only in the lower
lid, due to relaxation of the orbicularis palpebrarum
muscle. E., Spastic, due to spastic contraction of
the fibers of the orbicular muscle lying near the mar-
gin of the orbit.

Ectropium {ek-trtZ-pe-um). Same as Ectropion.

Ectrosis (ek-trof -sis) \lKrpuaiq, abortion]. An abor-
tion, or the production of an abortion.

Ectrotic (ek-trot' -ik) \}k, out; TtTp&aneiv, to wound].
Tending to cut short ; abortive ; abortifacient.

Ectylotic (ek-Hl-ot' '-ik) \_in, away; ri/or, callus].
Tending to remove warts or indurations.

Eczema (ek'-ze-mak) [kitr£eivf to boil over]. Tetter;
Moist Tetter; an acute or chronic, non-contagious,
catarrhal inflammatory disease of the skin, character-
ized by multiformity of lesion, and the presence, in
varying degrees, of itching, infiltration, and discharge.
The skin is reddened, the redness shading off insen-
sibly into the surrounding unaffected skin. When
well-marked, the skin is fissured, with crusting,
leathery infiltration, and scaling. Eczema occurs in
skins that are particularly susceptible to the action
of external irritants. E. ani — of the anus — a trouble-
some variety common in children ; it may simulate
condylomata. E. articulorum, eczema of the flexor
surfaces of the joints. E. aurium, a common,
troublesome, pustular form affecting the ears. E.
barbae, a form resembling sycosis, but more superfi-
cial. It attacks the bearded portion of the face, but may
spread. E. capitis, a variety confined to the head.
It is usually seen in children ; is diffuse, pustular, im-
petiginous, not itchy, and may be associated with
pediculi and seborrhea. E. circumscriptum para-
siticum, a name given by Crocker to a form of erup-
tion that looks like a dry eczema, but has a bo:
more sharply defined than is usual in /;'. squamosum.
It occurs chiefly on the legs below the knee, and is
constituted of minute papules aggregated into a uni-
form moderately red, scaly patch, with sharply defined
borders. It is a chronic disease, and is probably par-
asitic in origin. E. crurum, a form occurring in old
people as a result of varicosity of the veins of the leg,
and not associated with eczema elsewhere. The skin
is much infiltrated, red, scaly, with indolent ulcers.
E. crustosum, eczema with the formation of thin and
pale-yellowish crusts. If these crusts are thick and
dark in color from capillary bleeding the condition is
termed £. impetiginosum. This latter form occurs
frequently on the scalp and face of strumous children.

HO

1 l>I MA

E., Diabetic, from the irritation of diabetic urine.

E., Epidemic.

E. epizootica, ited

animals due to ■ microorganism, attended with .1

the skin and .1

:. It is

• •

E. erythematosum. naa,

in which I slightly swollen,

:i ; the

and their edj

i true erythema. It is

E. faciei,

: resem-

led with no rise of t<

E, fissum. • .1 form affecting the

nan rticulations, and characterized

ainful cracks or fissures.

folliculare, largely to the neigh-

the hahvfollicles, where irritable, acumin-

■-i-t for prolonged periods. E.

genitalium, an acute form common in men ; it is at-

1 edema, with excoriation.
E. hypertrophicum. : a form charac-

inent hypertrophy of the papilla? of the
neral or limited warty outgrowths.
Thu alts from a tendency to passive con-

S< ■ E. impeti-

ginodes. See . sum. E. impetiginosum.

E., Infantile, a form commenc-
usually within six months of birth, and making
trance first upon the head or face. E. inter-
trigo, a form ol <»i occurring in the
the inner surfaces of the nates, below the
mamma Itisilue to uncleanliness. See Ery-
E. labiorum, a very obstinate
,' the lips, and associated with pain-
ful E. madidans, /■'.. rubrum : weeping
weeping surfaces studded with
ton. E. mammae,
anion in nursing primiparse ; it is at first
squamous, with painful fissures and
much crusting. It is very obstinate. E. manuum,
a mi implicating the whole of both
ha: variety is most marked along
:' the lingers, wh ;. seated vesicles
ind ; th form chiefly involves the palms
I knuckles. E. marginatum, lb lira's term for
mi of ringworm of the bod v.
illae, fork, and occasion-
is marked by a
margin. E. meatus,
E. mer-
curiale, that form the irritation produced
my. E. narium, a form affecting the nos-
E. palmare, or E. palmarum, confined to
ind. It called /
K. palpebrarum. Tinea tarsi; an obsti-
- ; it is common in
E. papillomatosum. Same
E.papulosum, Lichen dm;,
with the formation of minute
lor and tirm
u-ly-shaped groups,
pin's hi uni-
I iy form on
■

arm and

i
E. pedum, eczema E. plantarum, 'rou-

tined to the sole of the foot. E. pustulosum, E.
impetiginous; the stage of eczema in which the
iii l<s dr\ elop into pustules that are usually of larger
size than the preceding vesicles. This is most com-
mon in strumous children. E. rimosum. See E.
um. E. rubrum. See E. madidans. E. sclero-
sum, a chronic form ol eczema in which there is
induration and thickening of the tissues. E., Sebor-
rheic. See D rmatitis, Seborrheic. E. seborrhcei-
cum. Synonym of Seborrhea. E. solare, that form
due to irritation from the rays of thesun. E. spargo-
siforme, a variety of E. sclerosum in whirl, the
thickening is so very great that a condition indistin-
guishable from Elephantiasis arabum is produced.
E. squamosum, a form in which the surfaces of ill-
defined irregular patches are covered with more or less
adherent stales of shed epithelium. This is often seen

the neck and limbs. E. sulphure, that form dm
the irritation produced by sulphur. E. tarsi, a form
affecting the edges of the eyelids. E. tuberosum.
Synonym of Granuloma fungoides. E. umbilici, a
tractable form resembling syphilitic disease of the
same part. E. unguium, involvement of the nails
in chronic E, manuum. The nails are rough, dull,
brittle, and punctate. E. unisquamosum, a rare
form having its seat at the root of the nose between
the eyebrows. The secretion takes the form of a
single epidermic lamella that covers the whole of the
affected surface. E. verrucosum. See A', hypertrophi-
cum. E. vesiculosum, a stage of vesicular forma-
tion in the course of -eczema. It is the most common
form of the disease. It is best seen on the flexor
aspect of the limbs, between the ringers, back of the
ears, etc. The vesicles, minute at first and closely
i^^regated, coalesce and rupture, exuding a clear
plasmic fluid that stains and stiffens linen. The burn-
ing and itching are worse at night, and the excoriated
surfaces continue to weep for a few days, when they
gradually heal by crusting. E., Weeping. See E.
madidans.

Eczematoid [ek-zem' '-ai-oid\ \jK~Jtn\ to boil over].
Resembling an eczema.

Eczematosis [ek-zem-at-^-sis) [kicr6eiv, to boil over:
//. , Eczematoses~\. Any eczematous skin-disease.

Eczematous (rk-zrm'-af-us) [_SK^ieiv, to boil over], of
the nature of or affected with eczema.

Eczemogenous (ek-sem-oj' '-en-us) [kic^ieiv, to boil over ;
yewav, to produce]. < riving rise to eczema.

Edeagra [e-de-a' '-grah) \_a\6ola, the genitals; aypa, a
seizure]. Pain or gout in the genitalia.

Edeatrophia [e-de-at-ro1 '•j^e-ah)[aidoiat genitals; arpo/pla,
a wasting]. Atrophy or wasting of the genital organs.

Edeauxe {e-de-awks/-e) [aldaila, genitals; <ii;> , increase].
Swelling or hypertrophy of the genitals.

Edebohl's Position or Posture. See Postures, Tableof.

Edeitis [e-de-if-tis) [alSdla, genitals; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the genital organs.

Edema {e-de'-mak) [oldy/ia'. oidieiv, to swell]. Swel-
ling, espe< ially such as is due to the effusion of serous
fluid into areolar tissues. See Anasarca. E., Acute
Circumscribed. See A'., Angio-neurotic and Urti-
caria adematosa. E., Acute Idiopathic. See /■'..,
Angio-neurotic. E., Acute Non-inflammatory.
/■'.. . Angio-neurotic. E., Angio-neurotic, < riant
urticaria ; a vaso motor disorder, characterized by the
abrupt occurrence of edematous swelling of variable
tent, sometime- accompanied by gastro-intestinal
crises. There may be a marked hereditary feature
in the disease. Death may result from edema of
the larynx. E., Brown, the brownish fluid that Hows
from the CUt surface of a lung iii the state of brown
induration. E., Filtration, n peculiar sort of edema

EDEMATOUS

411

EGER I

of the conjunctiva observed after operations or injuries
that have produced a perforation in the most anterior
sections of the sclera. It is due to the oozing of tin-
aqueous humor :i the lips of the wound and
under the conjunctiva. E., Intermittent. See /..,
Angio-neurotic. E., Malarial. Scl- A., Angio-neu-
rotic. E., Malignant, tin- term applied by Koch to
a parasitic form of gangrenous inflammation that occurs
at times after serious bom injuries, etc. It is charac
terized by the rapid spread, the septii charai ter of the
inflammatory product, and the speedy destruction of the
tissue involved, with the formation of gas. It is also
called Gangrenous emphysema. E., Menstrual.
/•.'., Angio-neurotic. E. neonatorum, a disi
resembling somewhat sclerema neonatorum, the skin,
however, being less generally involved and less edema
tons, filled with a serous fluid, and assuming a livid or
purplish, rather than a whitish tint, as in sclerema. The
disease begins before the third day of life, with drow-
siness, and then the edema appears in the extremities,
especially the legs, gradually spreading upward. E.,
Solid, a form of edema in which puncture gives exit
not to serum, but to a sanious, stringy, lymphoid
material.

Edematous {e-dem* -at-us) \olSfqwa, edema]. Marked
l>v edema; swollen; puffy.

Edentate [e-den'-tat) [e, priv. ; dens, a tooth]. In bio-
logy, toothless, as an entire leaf, or a member of the
Edentata among mammals.

Edentation [e-den-ta' -shun) \_e, without; dens, a tooth].
A deprivation of teeth.

Edentulous [e-den' -tu-lus) \e, without; den s, a tooth].
Without teeth (applied to one who has lost his teeth).
See Caries of the Teeth.

Edeocephalus [e-de-o-seff -al-us) [ahhia, genitals ; from
the resemblance of the proboscis to a penis ; Kioa'/r,,
head]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the
species otocephalus, in which there is synopsia, ab-
sence of the mouth, very rudimentary jaws, and the
presence of a proboscis.

Edeodynia (e-de-o-din'-e-ah) [aldola, genitalia ; 06'vvrj,
pain]. Any pain in the reproductive organs.

Edeogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz' -nuts) [aidoia, gen-
itals ; yapyaMaiioq, a tickling]. Masturbation.

Edeography (e-de-ogf -ra-fe) \a\fio'ia, the genitals ;
ypdoeiv, to write]. A description of the genitalia.

Edeology (e-de-ol' '-o-je)\a\6oia, genitals ; Aoyoq, science].
A treatise or monograph on the organs of genera-
tion.

Edeomania (e-de-o-tna'-ne-ah) [aiAola, genitals; fiavia,
madness]. Nymphomania ; satyriasis.

Edeomycodermitis [e-de-o-mi-ko-der-nti' -tis) [aiAo'ta,
genitals; (ivxoq, mucus: dtpua, skin; trie, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of
any of the genital organs.

Edeopsophy (e-de-op' -so-fe) [oirWa, genitals ; -i\>o<belv,
to utter a noise]. The emission of sounds from the
genital organs (as from the bladder or vagina).

Edeopsy {e* '-de-op-se). Same as Edeoscopy.

Edeoptosis {c-de-op-to'-sis) \a\60la, genitals ; -^ri'inir,
a fall]. Prolapse of some portion of the genital ap-
paratus.

Edeoscopy {e-de-os* -ko-pe)\ai8dia, the genitals ; otcotti r,
to inspect]. An inspection or professional examination
of the genital organs.

Edeotomy i <-me) [aldoia, genitals ; roar/, a cut-

ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the genital or-
gans.

Edgeweed (e/'-rred). A composite- flowered plant,
Sericocarpus tortifolius, of the Southern U. S. It is
used as a remedy for colic in horses. Unof.

Edible (ed'-ib-l) [edibilis, eatable]. A qualification

applied to food, the condition of which is good and
u holesome.

Edison-Lalande Cell. See Cell.

Edriopthalmous {,<i-re-off-thal' -mus) [idptov, dim. of
tdpa, a seat; b$0aXfi6c, eye]. In biology, having
fixed, sessili not borne on a movable stalk.

Educt i.' ' dukt ) [<■, out; ducere, to draw]. A com-
].. und that exists in any substance and is extracted from
it by a chemic or pharmaceutic process; opposed t"
product, which designates a body that i- produced by a
proi es> similar to that used in its extraction.

Edulcorant {e-dul'-kor-ant) [< , out; dulcoran
sweeten]. Sweetening; corrective of acidity or of
acrimony.

Edulcoration {e-dul-kor-a'-shun) [edulcare, to sv
en]. In chemistry, the act or process of sweetening ;
the removal ol soluble <>r saline matters by washing.

Effeminacy [ef-em'-in-as-e). See Feminism.

Effemination [ef-em-in-a'-shuri) [effeminare, to make
womanish]. The state of being effeminate.

Effera {ef'-er-ah ) \_efferus, tierce, wild]. Sauvage's
name for a certain genus of exanthematou- diseasi

Efferent [ef'-er-ent) [efferens, carrying from]. Of
nerves, conveying impulses from the central nervous
system to some tissue; motor; secretory. < >f blood-
vessels, conveying blood from the tissues toward the
heart, veins, or from the gill-. ( >f lymphatics, the
vessels leaving or conveying lymph from the lymphatic
glands. Compare Afferent.

Effervescent (<-/'-, r-res'-ent) \effervescere, to boil up].
Susceptible of being made to effervesce, or to dissolve
with foaming and with the escape of a gas, such as
carbon dioxid.

Effervescing (ef-er-ves' ' -ing) \effervescere, to boil ui].
Boiling up; foaming. E. Powders. See Seidlitz
Powders.

Effleurage {ef-flur-az/d) [Fr.]. In massage, centripe-
tal strokings, i. e., toward the body or heart. These may
be made with the palm of one hand, the palms of both
hands, the thumb, or the tips of the fingers. Effleur-
age increases the circulation in the venous Mood-
vessels and the lymphatics, thereby causing absorp-
tion.

Efflorescence (ef-lor-esr->nz) \_cffiorescere, to bloom].
1. The flowering of plants. 2. The formation of
minute crystals on the surface of certain crystalline
bodies, due to the loss of a part or the whole of their
water of crystallization. 3. The breaking-out 01
characteristic eruption of an exanthematous disease.

Effluent {ef-lu'-ent) \_efflitere, to flow out]. An out-
flow. The fluid discharged from works for the treat-
ment of sewage.

Effluvia [ef-lu'-ve-ah) [I..]. Plural of Effluvium, q.v.
E., Telluric, emanations arising from the earth.

Effluvium {ef-lu* '-ve-um) \_effluere, to flow out: //. ,
Efftircia\ Any subtle emanation from a substance or
person, especially one that is offensively odoriferous.

Efflux f, f'-Jluks), or Effluxion (ej\fluk' -shun) \efflu
efflttxus. an outflow]. 1. An outflow; that which
flows out. 2. Abortion, or the escape of the embryo
from the womb during a very early stage of preg-
nancy.

Effracture {ef-frakr-chur)\ex, out \fractura, a fracture].
Fracture of the cranium, with depression of one or
more fragment-.

Effusion I f-u'-zhun) [effundere, to pour out]. A
pouring-out. The abormal secretion or transfer of a
liquid from its natural organ or place; effused material.

Effusive [ef-u'-siv) \effundere, to pour out]. Attended
with or of the nature of an effusion.

Egertic (c-ier'-tik) \_t)yprtKoq, wakening]. Causing
wakefulness.

EG]

112

1 ! ^.STOSl

Eges- is ex-

crement ; to d
Egesta al matter]. L*he

dischaq i emuncl

Egestion lat which is voided].

■
ti"ii.
Egg (<£") [Ml ~" E. -albu-

min. ■ instituent ol the

Inn: the unboiled white ol eg

the "> serum-albumin by

a with ether, and by its

ben inj<
itine. E. -apparatus ; in
.■id the two companion i
the upper end of the embryo
E. -cells, primordial
i ranular cells embedded at in-
in the [ Mn epithelium of the

the ovules <>f the
E. -cords, dippings inward into
ialized columnar epi-
thelium ovary; these prolongations carry
. each of which develops into
immatui i follicle containing an immature
im E.-nog, a nutrition- preparation made by
the beaten yolk of egg and a little spirit to
a tumblerful of milk, stirring well, adding sugar and
the whitf of tfa lately beaten. E. -shell
Crackling, a peculiar crackling produced by pressure
tumor springing from the medulla or can-
of a long bone, and surrounded by a
thin -ale. E.-tube. iduct. E.-
water, a nutritious food for infants having summer
ts of the white of a fresh egg, a
previously boiled), a teaspoonful
ind a small pinch of salt.
Egilops ' , eye]. Abscess,
i. at the inner canthus of the eye,
a result of lachrymal fistula. See

Eglandular lar) [e, priv. ; glandula, a

ad]. In tiiute of glands.

Eglandulose , \e, priv. ; glandula, a

ar.
Egobronchophony brong-koff'-o-ne) [ntf , a goat ;

, a broi as; ice]. A combina-

i iphony.
Egophony [ait; , a wild goat; >«.,,■,], the

ultation, meaning a modifica-

in which the voice has a
kid. It is heard in
usually near the inferior
ula.
Egregor ipeiv, to

nia

Egyptian ,ianj. per.

E. Blue. Vr-

E. ChloroM miosis. E.

Ophthalm; , i/halmia, Purulent. E. Ul-

cer-
Ehrcnritter's Ganglion. ■„, Table of.

Bbrlich'a Anilm-water Solution. ",/,/,■

B. Metho I i solution of

i fixing the anilin
I-:. Test.
E.-Biondi-s Fluid. uid.

Eichhorsts Corpuscles
Eichstedt\ Disease

Eidam Chee •

Eidoptometrv mce ;

seen; u rpov, measure]. The estimation of

the acuity of vision.
Eilema (i-le'-mah) [ti'/r/un ; elXeai, to twist: pi., Eile-

ntatd\. A pain or colic of the bowels; volvulus;

toi mina.
Eiloid \i'-!oiJ) [ti'/m. t.i coil; eHoc, form]. Having

a coiled texture resembling the coils ol an intestine;

applied to certain -km tumors.

Einbrodt's Test. S . TabL

Einhorn's Method, i. A method of ascertaining the
condition of the gastrit secretion. An apparatus
termed a stomach-bucket ', consisting of a small oval
silver vessel, I}£ cm. long and ;4 cm. wide-, is at-
tached to a silk thread, in which at a distance of 40
cm. from the bucket a knot is made The patient
swallows the bucket, and when the knot enters the
mouth the operator knows that tin- bucket is in the
stomach. It is withdrawn alter remaining there five
minutes, and its contents arc tested. Resistance to u^
removal may be overcome by having the patient ex-
pire deeply or swallow once. 2. See Gastrodiaphany.

Eisanthema {ls-an-the,-mah) [etc, into; avth/ua, in-
florescence : /•/. , Eisanthema ta\. Same as Enanthema.

Eisel [i'-sr/) [ME.]. An old name for vinegar.

Eisodic (is-od'-ik). Same as Esodic.

Eisophobia (i-so-fo'-be-ah). Synonym ol Agoraphobia.

Eisophoria (i-so-fo'-re-ah). Same as Esophoria.

Eispnea {is-pne'ah) [elairvofi, a breathing into].
Inspiration ; the inhaling of the breath.

Ejaculation {e-jak-u-la' '-shun [e/'acu/atio, a throwing
out]. The ejection of the semen. E. -center. See
Center.

Ejaculator {c-jak'-u-la-tor) \_ejaculare, to throw out].
The accelerator urinse. See Muscles, Table of.

Ejaculatorium (f-jak-u-la-t& '-re-um) [I-]. A syringe.

Ejaculatory [e-jak1 ' -u-la-tor-e) \_ejaculatio, a throwing
out]. Throwing. E. Duct. See Ductus ejaculatorius.

Ejecta, or Ejectamenta {e-jek' -tah, e-jek-tatn-e'nf -tah )
[L. ,/>/.]. Things or materials cast out ; excretions or
excrementitious matters.

Ejection [e-jek1 '-shun) \ejectio, a casting out]. The
casting out of excretions or of excrementitious matters ;
that which is cast out.

Elaboration [e-lab-or-a1 '-shun) [elaborare, to take pains
with]. Careful and exact working. In physiology,
any anabolic proo-s>. such as that of making crude
food into higher tissue-products.

Elaidic Acid {e-la-id'-ik \. See Acid.

Elaidin [e-la' id-in) [/><"<■. the olive-tree], C57H104O8.
A white, crystalline, fatty substance, isomeric with
olein, produced by the action of HNOs upon certain
oils, especially castor-oil.

Elain [e-laf-iri). See Eleoptene.

Elaphrium [e-laf -fre-um) [kfaKpp6g, light]. A genus
of burseraceous trees. E. copalliferum produces a
variety of copal. E. elemiferum is one of the
sources of Mexican elemi ; E. excelsum and E. to-
mentosum, of South America, afford tacamahac.

Elastic [e-las/-lik) [./<// (7 /r, to urge forward]. Re-
turning to the original form after change ol form by
ternal traction or force. E. Bandage, an India
rubber bandage exerting continuous compression
part. E. Stocking, an India rubber stocking exert-
ing continuous pressure. E. Tissue, a variety of
tive tissue having elastic properties, and of
which some ligaments are composed.

Elastin [e-lasf-tin) [eXabveiv, to urge forward]. An

albuminoid substance, the fundamental element of

elastic tissue. It yield- 56 to ts percent, of leucin

'; per cent, of tyrosin. E. -peptone. S< e

Deuti '•<

Elastose [e-las'-tos) [kTiavveiv, to urge forward]. One

ELATER

413

ELECTRK UNITS

of the forms of peptone resulting from the gastric
digestion of elastin.

Elater [el'-at-er) [ifamfp, a driver, hurler]. In biology,
one of the thread-like, usually spirally-coiled,
bodies found in the sporangia of mosses, liverworts,
and equisetum. They serve for the dispersion of spoi
(b) ( >ne of the free filaments of the capillitium of the
slime-moulds, (i i ' Ine of the elastic anal bristles of
the insect called spring-tail.

Elaterin, or Elaterinum [el-af '-er-in, el-at-er-i' '-num)
[■/"•',.'"• drivingaway], ( '.,,,1 1.,.1 >,. A aeutral prin-
ciple obtained from Elaterium ecballium, or quirting
cucumber. It occurs in colorless, hexagonal prisms,
that are odorless and have a bitter taste. It is a power-
ful hydragogue cathartic. In toxic doses, it causes
emesis, spasmodic respiration, and death. Dose gr.
i*5~lV E., Pulv., Comp. (B. P.), contains elaterin I,
sugar of milk 39. Dose gr. j— v. E., Trituratio,
elaterin 10, sugar of milk 90 parts, thoroughly mixed.
I )ose gr. ss-j.

Elaterium {el-at-e1 '-re-um) [i'/arijpmr, driving away].
A powerful hydragogue cathartic, being the dried sedi-
ment from the juice of the .squirting cucumber, Ecba-
liuni elaterium of Europe. Dose y% gr. every two
hours; of the tincture, gtt. x-xxx.

Elbow [el' -bo) [ME., elbowe]. The elbow-joint; the
articulation of the arm and forearm. That part of the
forearm and arm adjacent to the elbow-joint. E.-
jerk, one of the reflexes. See Reflexes, Table of.

Elcoplasty [el' ' -ko-plas-te) . See Helcoplasty.

Elcosis [el-ko'-sis). See Helcosis.

Elder (el'-der). See Sambucus. E., Dwarf. See
Dwarf Elder.

Elecampane (el-e-kam' -pan). See Inula.

Election [e-lek' '-s/ueii) \_electio, a choosing]. Selection
or choice, as of points (points of election) to be oper-
ated upon ; consideration of circumstances, such as age,
condition in life, occupation, sex, etc., in determining
whether to proceed with a proposed surgical operation
or not. Such operations are called Operations of Elec-
tion or of Complaisance. E., Triangle of, the Su-
perior Carotid Triangle. See Triangles, Table of.

Electrepeter!f,-/<'/-V/Y/>/-^/-^r)[?//eK7pov,arnber; Tpi-rvetv,
to turn]. An obsolete term for " commutator," q. v.

Electric, or Electrical {e-lek' -trik, or e-lek' -trik-al)
[jj/t-e/erpou, amber]. Having the nature of or pro-
duced by electricity. E. Aura, a current of electri-
fied air. E. Brush, a wire brush used as an elec-
trode. E. Commutator, an instrument for automati-
cally interrupting or reversing the flow of an electric
current, making and breaking the same with desired
frequency. E. Chorea. See Dubini's Disease. E.
Depilation, the permanent removal of hair from any
part of the body by the electrolytic destruction of the
hair- follicles. E. Discharger, the instrument that
directs the charge from a condenser through an ob-
ject. E. Endosmosis, cataphoresis. E. Fustiga-
tion, application of electricity through a metallic
brush. E. Head-bath, application of electricity by
means of an umbrella-shaped electrode surrounding
ill • head, but separated from it by a distance of from
one half to one inch. E. Inertia, a term sometimes
employed instead of electro-magnetic inertia. E.
Insolation. See E. Sunstroke. E. Insulation, the
placing of non-conducting material with respect to a
conductor so as to prevent the loss of a charge or
the leakage of a current. E. Irritability, irritability
of nervous or muscular dssue to an electric discharge.
E. Megaloscope, an apparatus for the medical
exploration of the cavities of the body. E. Moxa,
a burn made on the skin by electricity. E. Probe,
a metallic conductor inserted into the track of a

wound in order to ascertain the exact position of a
bullet, or other foreign metallic substance. E. Pros-
tration. See E. Sunstroke. E. Reactions, the
response of muscles and nerve- to electric stimulation. •
E. Shock, the ph produced in an

animal by an electric discharge. E. Shower-bath, a
device for general electrization; one of the poles is
immersed in a tub containing an alkaline solution.
The patient stands beneath tin- reservoir on a metallic
stool connected with the other pole. The falling
water completes the circuit, dispersing the current
over the whole body. E. Sphygmograph, an iiistru
ment for electrically recording the characters of the
pulse. E. Sterilization, sterilizing a solution by de-
priving it of whatever germs it may contain by means
of electric currents. E. Sunstroke, the physioli
effects, similar to those produced by exposure to the
sun, experienced by those exposed for a long while to
the intense light and heat of the voltaic arc. E. Test,
the application of electricity to ascertain the exist-
ence or non-existence of central le.sions after railway
injuries. It must be borne in mind that cutaneous
insensibility or absence of response in the muscles is
not positive proof of organic lesion; hence the so-
called electric test is not so absolutely relied upon as
formerly.
Electric Units. The lowest integral electric values.
They are as follows : — Ampere, the unit of measure-
ment of an electric current. It is the electro-motive
force of one volt produced in a circuit having one ohm
of resistance, equal to ,',, C. < '•. S. electro-magnetic unit.
It is sufficient to deposit .3 grain of copper per minute
on the plate of a copper voltameter, or to decom-
pose sufficient acidulated water to generate 10.32
c. c. of mixed hydrogen and oxygen per minute. For
convenience the j-gViT Part >s used in medicine, name-
ly, the niilliampere. This equals 1 volt divided by
1000. Ampere-hour, a unit of electric quantity
equal to one ampere flowing for one hour ; it is the
equivalent of 3600 coulombs. C. G. S. System,
Centimeter-gram-second Units, — the system of funda-
mental units in which a centimeter is adopted as
the unit of length, a gram as the unit of mass, and
a second as the unit of time. Coulomb, the unit of
measurement of electric quantity; the quantity oi
electricity that passes during one second through a
conductor having a resistance of one ohm, with one
volt of electromotive force. The micro-coulomb \s the
millionth part of this amount. Unit of Current, a
conductor one cm. long which, if bent into an arc of
one cm. radius, will act with the force of one degree
on a unit magnet pole at the center. Dyne, the unit
of force ; ;'. e., the force which if it acted for one sec-
ond on a mass of one gram would, if the mass was
previously at rest, give it a velocity of one centimeter
per second ; or if it was previously in motion in the
direction of the force, would in that time alter its ve-
locitv by that amount. Erg. See Unit of Work.
Ergten, 10,000,000,000 ergs. Farad, the unit of
electric capacity. Practically, a capacity sufficient to
hold one coulomb of current having a potential of one
volt. The micro-fa \ . , part of the theo-

retic farad, is commonly vised. A practical form of
condenser of one farad capacity consists of 300 leaves
of tinfoil, each 10 centimeter- iii diameter, separated
by leaves of mica. The entire surface has an area of
about I.I sq. meters. Joule, the unit of electric energy
or work. The volt coulomb. It equals 10.000,000
ergs. Unit Magnet Pole, a magnet having a strength
of pole it to repel a similar pole at a distance

with a force of one degree. Megalerg, 1. 000.000
Megavolt, 1,000,000 volts. Micro-coulomb.

11 1 I I Kit I IV

111

I I I I I RODE

MicroTarad. Micro

volt, one millionth pa Milliampere.

Ohm, t!u- m I

it is the resistance ol a pure silvei wire
t-r in lei millimeter in diamete

• unit i- , part ol the

un / Volt, tli mo

ti\. irrent of

me ohm.

il popular cells :

i 1 taniell, 1.05 : Callaud,

; 5 Volt-ampere, the unit of

•] 'fil

zing .m flo iromotive

. ;. In i; J equivalent is about

: minute. It is sometimes called

Volt-coulomb, the unit of electric wi

Watt. - Weber, an ampere. Unit

of Work. [ual to the work required

me centimeter against a force
J relations ol these elec-
tric units may 1 ssed thus: —

lomb = 1 joule

- 1 watt

1 volt -,i ohm = 1 ampere

I nn- lun 1 volt

ohm — 1 wait

ni.l = 1 joule

md = . . . . : coulomb

Electricity Iris'-it- . amber]. One of

tin f nature developed or generate I b) chem-

tism, or friction, and probably a mode of
ethereal vibratioi ly analogous to and converti-

ble into heat and light. It has been largely employed
in its variou for therapeutic purposes. Most

animal and vegetable libers (living) contract when an
electric current is passed through them, and, in fact,
no substanci mi that does not offer some resist-

ance to the an electric current. By the

1 a substance is meant the ability
a given length and area of a cross section of that
su! conduct electricity, as compared with an

section of some other

-iKcr or copper. This power

lances, be pronounced, partial, or

Luctors are silver, copper, other

ireoal; partial conductors are water, the

human ■. tod, marble, paper; non

tin, dry wood, silk, resins, dry air,

ebonite, paraffin, glass. E.,

Anima: in the body. E., Chemic.

E., Faradic, lhat produced by

induction. E., Franklinic, frictional or static elec-

E., Frictional, that produi ed by friction. E.,

Galvanic, that which is generated by chemic action

in -: II. E., Inductive, that produced in

trified body without

E., Magnetic, that developed by bringing a

1 magnet. See Current.

Medico ir thera] 5. E.,

Static. E., Voltaic, same as

Electrization amber].

idy. E., General,
all j.art

Electrize ] 1 ,, t,,.;ll |,v

Elect] ]. A metal

' I to the

ble galvanic

CUf

Electro- {e-lek/-tro-)\ijteKTpovt amber]. A. Greek word
used as a prefix to denote connection with or relation
to electricity. E. -anesthesia, inability to perceive
the sensation made by electricit) upon the skin.
E. -biology, the science of the electric relations and
laws oi organic beings E.-bioscopy. See Bioscopy.
E -centesis, the use of electrolysis to cause absorp-
tion ol effusions, as in pleurisy. E. -chemistry, the
science of the intei relations and laws of electricit)
and chemistry. E. -cystoscopy, examination of the
bladder bj means of electric illumination. E. -diag-
nosis, diagnosis by means of the exaggeration or
diminution of the reaction of the excitable tissues oi
the body when subjected to the varying influences of
electric currents. E.-esthesia, ability to perceive the
sensation made by the reception of an electric dis
chaige ; it ma) co-exist with local anesthesia, or
with loss of the power to perceive other sensations.
E. -magnet, a mass of soft iron surrounded by a
coil of wire. E. -magnetic Inertia, a term some
tunes employed instead of inductance or the self-
induction of a current. E. -magnetism, magnetism
induced within iron, steel, or nickel, by introducing
it within a coil through which a current is passing.
E. -massage, the transmission of a current of el) 1
tricky through a kneading instrument; the use of
labile currents applied by means of a rolling or wheel
electrode, or by a sponge or brush. E. -motive,
pertaining to the mechanic or motor effects of elec-
tricity. E. -motor Force, that which sets electricity
in motion ; the difference of potential between two
points. It is estimated in volts. E. -muscular, per-
taining to the action of electricity upon muscles.
E. -muscular Contractility, the contractile response
of a muscle to an electric current. E. -muscular Sen-
sibility, the impression upon a sensory nerve by
electric irritation. E.-otiatria, electricity applied to the
treatment of diseases of the ear. E. -pathology, the
study of morbid conditions by the aid of electric irrita-
tion. E. -physiology, the study of electric reaction-.
properties, and relations of organs and organic tissues.
E.-puncturation, or E. -puncture, the use of needles
as electrodes, which are thrust into an organ, or tumor,
e. g., into the cavity of an aneurysm, with the object
of coagulating the contained blood. E. -sensibility,
an effect produced on a sensory nerve by its electriza-
tion. E. -statics, the science of static electricity, or
that developed by friction and induction. E.-thanasis,
a won! proposed for death by electricity. E. -thera-
peutic Bath. See Bath. E. -therapeutics, the
science and art of the application of electricity for
therapeutic purposes. E. -therapy. See E.-tkera-
patties. E. -thermometry, the determination of the
radiation of body heat by means of an electric ther-
moscope. E. -vital, pertaining both to electricit}' and
to the phenomena of life. E. -vitalism, the theoretic
identification of the vital forces with electricity.

Electrode [e-lek'-trod) [yteicrpov, amber; Mdc, a way].
The instruments, fastened to the conducting cords ol a
battery, that are used in the application of electricity
to the body. The standard sizes of electrodes gen-
erally adopted in therapy are, according to Erb, as
follows : —

1 In" electrode % cm diameter.

2. Small " 2 "

- Medium " 7.5 " "

4. Large " 6X2 "

5 \ 8 X16 "

E., Brush, one end fitted with a camel's-hair pencil.
E., Clay, a therapeutic electrode of day shaped to tit
the part of the body to be treated. E., Electro-
therapeutic, the therapeutic electrode is generally

ELECTK< (GENESIS

11.-.

ELEPHAN 1 1 VSIS

placed nearer the organ or part to be treated than
the indifferent electrode. E., Indifferent, the elec-
trode that is employed merely to complete the I il
cuit ; not directly concerned in the treatment or diag-
nosis. E., Non-polarizable, zinc wires treated and
so arranged as to prevent electrolysis. See .!>;■■ and
Cathode.

Electrogenesis (e-lek-tro-jenf-es-is\ \fjfaKTpov, amber;
■t/i -, production]. Results following the applica-
tion of electricity to the spina] cord or nerve after the
withdrawal of the electrodes.

Electrolysis (e-lek-troP-is-is) [nXeicrpov, amber*; /
solution]. The dissolution of a chemic compound by
an electric current; the discussion of any morbid
growth by means of an electro-chemic current. It is
used in the treatment of hydrocele and some other
surgical affections.

Electrolytic (e-lek-tro-litf -ik) [qfaicrpov, amber ; 'l.ioic,
solution]. Relating to electrolysis.

Electrometer (e-lek-tromf -et-er) [r/Xeicrpov, electricity;
fiirpov, a measure]. An instrument for the measure-
ment of differences of electric potential.

Electrophonize (e-lek-trof -on-lz) [jjXeicrpov, amber;
©oroc, a killing]. To inflict capital punishment by
means of electricity.

Electrophony (e-lek-trof f -o-ne) [r/Aeicrpov, amber; (j>6i>oc,
a killing]. Capital punishment by means of electricity.

Electrophorus (e-lek-trof'-or-us) \_///n<-pov, amber;
i '/r, to carry] An instrument used to generate
small quantities of static electricity.

Electropoion Fluid (e-lek-tro-poi' -on) [rjXeicrpov, amber;
xoielv, to make]. A battery fluid made by dissolving
I lb. of potassium bichromate in a mixture of water
io lbs. to sulphuric acid (commercial) 2]/z lbs.

Electroscope (e-lek' ' -tro-skop) [rfkeicrpov, amber; OKxynelv,
to view]. An instrument for detecting the presence
of static electricity and determining whether it is posi-
tive or negative.

Electrostixis (e-lek-tro-stiks/ -is) [jjXeKrpov, amber; critic,
puncture]. Electro-puncture, q. v.

Electrothanasize (e-lek-tro-than1 '-as-lz) \jflfKTpov, am-
ber ; t)ava~6eiv, to kill]. To produce death by elec-
tricity, but not as capital punishment.

Electrothanatose (e-lek-tro-than' '-at-os) [jf/xicrpov, am-
ber; Hdvaror, death]. Same as Electrothanasize .

Electrothanatosis (e-lek-tro-than-at-o' -sis) [f/keicrpov,
amber; dav&Tucnc, a putting to death]. Death by
electricity.

Electrotisis (e-lek-trof '-is-is) \j/7enTpov, amber; rlaig,
penalty]. Capital punishment by electricity.

Electrotistic (e-lek-tro-tis'-tik) [if/enrpov, amber ; riair,
penalty]. Pertaining to capital punishment by means
of electricity.

Electrotistis (e-lek-tro-tis/-tis). An incorrect form of
Electrotisis, q.v.

Electrotome (e-lek' -tro-tom) \rj\EKTpov, amber; t'euveiv,
to cut]. The circuit-breaker of an electric battery ;
especially one that acts automatically.

Electrotonic (e-lek-tro-ton'-ik) \fj~XzKTpov, amber ; rovoc,
tension]. Relating to or of the nature of electrotonus.
E. Effect, an altered condition of excitability of a
nerve produced when in the electrotonic state.

Electrotonus [e-lek-trof '-o-nus) [jyMKTpov, amljer ;
ruvoc, tension]. The change of condition in a nerve
during the application of a current of electricity. A
decrease in the electro-motive force of a nerve, effected
by sending a current through the nerve in the opposite
direction to the nerve-current, is termed the negative
phase of electrotonus, while an increase in the electro-
motive force of a nerve, effected by sending a current
through a nerve in the same direction as the nerve-
current, is termed the positive phase of electrotonus.

See Anelectrotonus, Culelectrotonus, and Electrogenesis.
E., Law of. See Law.

Electrovection (e-lek-tro-vek'-shun) [i/Xeicrpov, am
vehere, to carry]. Electric endosmosis ; the intro-
duction of ii :nts into the system by mean- of
the electric current ; cataphon

Electrozemia [e-leh-tro-ze* '-me-ah) \fjXeicrpov, amber;
J/itia, penalty]. A word proposed for capital punish-
ment by electricity ; electrotisis.

Electuary (e-lek' -chu-a-re) [electuarium, an electuary].
A soft or pasty confection. See Confectio.

Eleidin (el-e'-id-iri) [klaia, olive-oil]. A material that
form-, the elliptic granules of the superficial cells of the
stratum granulosum of the epidermis. It is called also
keratohyalin.

Element (el'-em-ent) \elementum, a first principle]. In
chemistry, a body that cannot be decomposed into sim-
pler substances. The recognized elements now num-
ber about 73. See Table of Elements, on p. 416. The
term is applied in biology to the ultimate microscopic
structures of a tissue. In electricity, one of the gen-
erating plates in a galvanic cell. E., Mendelejeffs
Classification of, the classification of elements ac-
cording to their atomic weights. See Elements, 7
of, Note.

Elementary (el-e-men'-ta-re) \elementum, a first princi-
ple]. Pertaining to an element. E. Cell, an embry-
onic corpuscle. Also, a synonym of Leukocyte , q . v.

Elemi (el'-em-i) [Arab]. A concrete resinous exudation
probably derived from the Canarium commune, al-
though its botanic source is still undetermined. It
contains a crystalline resin, Elemin or Amyrin. Its
action is similar to those of the turpentines generally.
E., Unguent. (13. P.), elemi and simple ointment ; it
is used as an application to indolent sores and boils.
Many other resins are known to commerce as elemi.
In general, the elemis are softer than the copals ; and
they may be classed together as a group of somewhat
hard oleo-resins. See Resins.

Eleocharis (e-le-ok' -ar-is) [eAoc, marsh; Xa :'' ■'''• ["
rejoice]. A genus of sedges or cyperaceous plants ;
the spike-rushes. E. palustris, a plant very common
in Europe, Asia, and X. America, is a popular astring-
ent remedy, useful for diarrhea and for hemorrhages.
The root, tops, and seeds are used. Lnof.

Eleoptene (el-e-op' '-ten) [e?.aiov, oil ; -rtjvoc, volatile].
The permanent liquid principle of volatile oils. See
Stearoptene.

Eleosaccharum (e-le-o-sak'-ar-iim) [L. : //., Eleosac-
chard]. Same as Oleosaccharum.

Elephant Leg. See Elephantiasis arabum.

Elephant's Foot (el' -e-f ants foot) . Any plant of the
genus Elephantopns, order Composite . The U. S.
has several species. Elephantopus tomentosus is diu-
retic, expectorant, and emetic. Dose of the fld. ext.
rr^v-xxx. Unof. E. carolinianus is tonic and febri-
fuge, and so are various tropical species.

Elephantiasis (el-e-fan-ti'-as-is) [ . au elephant].

Elephantiasis arabum ; Barbadoes leg : Tropical big
leg; spargosis ; elephant leg; morbus elephas ; buc-
nemia tropica; pachydermia; a chronic affection of
the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue.-, often occurring
as an endemic or sporadic disease, due to obliteration
of lymph-vessel-, resulting in febrile and other systemic
symptoms, redness, tumefaction, and infiltration of the
affected part, and the eventual production of a well-
marked hypertrophy that may become gigantic. It
is most common in the leg and genitals. E. grae-
corum. See E. indica. Synonym of

E. arabum. E. telangiectodes, a rare va-cular
form of elephantia-i- arabum of congenital origin but
of later development.

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ELEPHAN f< >11> FEVER

418

1 MBLICA

Elephantoid Fever

Elephas I | Synonym

Eleuthera Bark
Eleutheropetalous

i leal, .1 petal]. 1 he

sai
Eleutherophyll.

hi b i made up of distinct

lea'
Eleval -lllJ ' rhesameas

• An instrument

! dentistry. E. Disease, one of

to ( onstant traveling in

an '
Elimination ■ litnen, thresh

old). I a ; the pi forth or out.

Eliquation . '- hun [ Hquat , tomeltout]. The

• substance from another by fusion or

melt
Elixir [Arab., el iksir, the philosoph

iromatic, spirituous prepara-

radically a flavored syrup designed as

t extracts and tinctures. There are

mat twooi which are official in the U. S.

P. ; in the N F. more than seventyare described. E.

aromaticum, aromatic elixir, comp. spirit of orange

12 - alj Him phosphate

i; hoi and distilled water, q. s.

Elixiviation [e-liks-w-e-a' -shun). See Lis

Elkodermatosis (el-ko-dcr-mat-o'-sis) [eAiioc, an ulcer;

. skin ; vbaoc, disease]. An ulcerative skin-

Ellagic Acid •''.',. See Acid.

Elliot's Bassorin Paste. A paste used in the treat-
ment of eczema. It consists of bassorin, to drams;
ctrin, 6 drams; glycerin. 2 drams ; water, sufficient
to make 2; ' , drams. It should be prepared c<

Elliptic, Elliptical [el-ip'-tik, -al) [ , ellipse].

Having the form of an ellipse. E. Amputation.

Ellis's Curved Line. See Line. E., Ligament of.

. at.
Ellison's Ventilating Bricks. See Ventilation.
Elm. See Ulmus and Fremontia.

Elocution :iuii) \_e, out of; loqui, to speak].

. ment, and delivery of words and
ill-' use of the voice, the action
. diaphragm, gesture, etc.
Elocutionist iun-ist) [e, out of; loqui, to

.'-.]. I me who is skilled in the art of elocution.
E.'s Cramp. See Crump.
Elodea . marshy]. The marsh St.

■ Us of In ; ius plants. E.

virginica, 3 and Canada, is a

.■>(.
I swampy; ikoc, a swamp].

r ; malarial I-
er^. lJlastidules of. See Heredity.
Elutriation hun) \elutriare, to wash out].

i ■■ tin- coarser parti
separated from the finer.
Ely's Operation. Table of. E.'s

Table.
Elythnf. tis.

Elytratresia sheath ;

). Atresia of the vagina ; colpa-

Elytreurynter sheath ;

nter.

Elytritis

Elytrocele (cl'-it-ro-sel) [lAvrpov, sheath ; <.','•,, her-
nia J. 1 olpoi ele : vaginal hernia.

Elytroclasia [el-it-ro-kla' -se-ah) [ sheath; icAd-

etv, to break]. Rupture of the vagina.

Elytroncus [el-it-rong'-kus). Same as Elytrophytna.

Elytrophyma [el-it-ro fi'-mah) [iXvrpov, sheath; o'vpa,
a tumor]. Swelling or tumor of the vagina.

Elytroplastic [el-it-ro-plas'-tik) [Mvrpov, sheath; -'/ua-
ncir, to form]. Relating to elytroplasty.

Elytroplasty [el'-it-ro-plas-te) [iXvrpov, sheath; -'/>ia-
aetv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the vagina,
especially for vesicovaginal fistula.

Elytropolypus [el-it-ro-pol' -ip-us) \lXvrpov, sheath ;
irdKimovc, polypus]. Vagina] polypus.

Elytroptosis [el-it-rop-to' -sis) [iXvrpov, sheath; irruotg,
.1 falling]. Prolapse of the vagina.

Elytrorrhagia [el-it-ror-a1 '-je-ah) [eXvrpov, sheath;
'ptjyvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the
vagina.

Elytrorrhaphy [cl-it-ror'-a-f, >) \jt\vrpOV, sheath ; .
a seam]. Suture of the vaginal wall. An operation
to close the opening of the vagina in procidentia uteri.

Elytrorrhea [el-it-ror-e'-ah) \eXvrpov, sheath ; fold, a
flow]. A vaginal leukorrhea.

Elytrostenosis [el-it-ro-ste-no1 '-sis) [IXvrpov, sheath ;
OTevuGic, a contraction]. Colpostenosis ; vaginal
stricture.

Elytrotome [el-if -ro-tom) \l\vrpov, sheath; Top.fi, a
cutting]. An instrument for performing elytrotomy.

Elytrotomy [1 v '-it-rot' -o-me) [IXvrpov, sheath; roprj, a
cutting]. Surgical incision of the vaginal wall.

Elytrum, Elytron [el'-it-rum, -Iron) \i\vTpov, a cover,
case: />/. , Elytra]. In biology, one of the wing-covers,
wing sheaths, or modified fore-wings of beetles; also
one of the scales on the hack of certain worm-.

Emaciation (< ma- e-a'-shun) \emaciare, to make lean].
Loss of the fat and fulness of the flesh of the body.
Leanness.

Emaculation [e-mak-u-la' -shun) \_e macular,-, to remove
-pots]. The removal of freckles or other spots from
the face.

Emanation (em-an-a'-shun) \etnanare, to issue]. 1.
Emission; radiation. 2. That which flows or issues
from a substance ; effluvium.

Emandibulate [e-man-dib* -u-lat) [f, priv. ; mandibula,
mandible]. In biology, without mandibles, or at
least with soft and minute mandibles.

Emansio 1 man'-se-o) [L.]. A failing. E. men-
sium, delayed menstruation; amenorrhea.

Emarginate [e-mar' '-jin-at) \emarginatus, to deprive
of the edge]. In biology, applied to a leaf or feather
the margin of which is broken, notched, nicked, or
otherwise modified.

Emasculation [e-mas-ku-la'-shun) \emasculare, to
make impotent]. Removal of the testicles; impo-
tence. Site, also, Eviration.

Embalming [em-bahm' ing) [I'r. . en, in; bauma, bal-
sam]. The treatment of a cadaver with antiseptic and
preservative substances to keep it from putrefying.

Embedding [em-bed' -fag). The fixation, in ordertopre-
serveil intact, of a tissue-specimen in a firmer medium
before freezing or otherwise hardening and section.

Embelia [em-be' -le-ah) [Embel, a German traveler],

A genus of shrubs. E. ribes, a myrtaceous shrub

that grows in Asia; it is reputed to have anthelmintic

properties. Dose of the powdered fruit, sjj-iv; of

fluid extract, 15 j— iv. I not'.

Emblica [em' blik-ah) [I..]. A genus of euphorbia-

E. officinalis, a tree of India; its

fruit, the Emblica myrobalan (see Myrobalan), is

astringent and vermifuge, the seed is febrifuge, and

the bark is also medii inal. Unof.

EMBOITMENT

419

EMBRYO

Emboitment [on{ , ') bivaP-mon^g)) [OF., emboister, to
inclose, as in a box]. In biology, Bonnet's doctrine

that each germ includes the germs of all generations
that shall succeed it.

Embolemia [em-bol-^-me-ah] [•//■>'"/<", thrown in;
nil/a, blood]. A state of the blood in which it is
said that emboli are readily formed.

Embolic [em-bol' '-ik\ [ifi(3o%og, thrown in]. Relating
to, associated with, or caused by an embolus.

Emboliform [em-bol* -if-orm) [fyt/JoAop, an embolus;
forma, form]. Resembling an embolus.

Embolism [em* -bo-lixm) [ipfioAog, an embolus]. The
obstruction of an artery or capillary, usually by a
blood-clot or embolus, brought from another point by
the blood-current. These emboli maybe fragments
of vegetation hom the valves oi tin.- heart, clots from
a thrombosis or aneurysm, or fragments of atheroma-
tous tissue. Around the seat of an embolus thrombo-
sis occurs with the production of an infarct, </. v. E.,
Air, by a bubble of air. E., Capillary, obstruction
of capillaries by micrococci. This occurs in pyemia.
E., Fat, the entrance into the circulation of fluid fat
after extensive injuries. Death often follows. The
symptoms are restlessness, anxiety, slight dyspnea,
accelerated breathing, quickening of the pulse ; cya-
nosis, delirium, and insomnia, followed by coma, are
graver symptoms, The temperature may remain sub-
normal or it may rise. E., Infective, the emboli are
metastatic. This occurs in pyemia and ulcerative
endocarditis. E., Multiple, numerous small emboli.
E., Paradoxical, embolism of an artery by a venous
thrombus, as may occur in a patulous foramen ovale.
E., Pyemic. See E., Infective. E., Retinal, occur-
ring in the arteria centralis retina:, followed by sudden
loss of vision. E., Venous, occurring in veins, espe-
cially of the lungs and liver.

Emboloid [em' '-bo-laid") \_Ejit3o/ng, an embolus; eldog,
likeness]. Resembling an embolus.

Embololalia [em-bo-lo-la' -le-aft) [ififiokog, a thing
thrown in ; /a'/ m, talk]. The morbid intercalation of
words, often meaningless, into the speech.

Embolophrasia [em-bo-lo-fra'-ze-ah) [efi/ioXog, inser-
tion ; tbp&oig, speech]. Embololalia.

Embolus [em'-bo-lus) [_E/ij3o/.og ; ev, in; jla/v.eiv, to
throw]. I. A clot of blood, or plug of other material,
brought by the blood-current from a distant artery,
and forming an obstruction at its place of lodgment.
2. Wilder's term for the nucleus emboliformis.

Emboly [em'-bo-le) [iu.iu/ //, insertion]. In embryolo-
gy, the process of invagination that gives rise to a gas-
trula from a blastosphere or vesicular morula.

Embrocation [em-bro-ka'-shun) [kfifipi \nv, to soak
in]. A fluid external application for some injured or
diseased part.

Embryectomy [em-bre-ek' '-to-me) {efifipvov, embryo;
enTonTj, a cutting out]. The surgical removal of the
embryo in extra-uterine pregnancy.

Embryo [em'-bre-o) [l/z/?puov]. The ovum and the pro-
duct of conception up to the fourth month of pregnancy ;
the fertilized germ of an animal. Applied in botany
to the rudimentary plant within the seed. E.-sac.
In biology, (a) the cell in the nucleus of the ovule
of flowering-plants, that contains the germinal vesicles
and finally the embryo; (/>) the protoconch or primi-
tive shell of certain cephalopods.

Schkmi. oi- mi F< .I'M a noN of the Head- and Tail-F'
r. Head-fold. I'. Anterior extremity of tl intestinal

tract. S. Tail-told, first rudiment of the cavity of the rec turn.

Schkmi-: of a Longitudinal Section through an F.mbrvo
after the Formation of the Head- and Tail-Folds.

Ao. Omphalomesenteric arteries. Yo Omphalomesenteric
veins, a. Position of the allanlois. A. Amniotic fold.

Scheme of a Longitudinal Section through a Human-
Ovum.

Z. Zona pellucida. S. Serous cavity, r. Union of the amniotic
folds A. Cavity of the amnion, a. Allantois. X. Umbilical
vesicle, m. Mesoblast. h Heart. L*. Primitive intestine.

Scheme of a Longitudinal Section of an Early

I- MBRYO.
E. Epiblast. m. Mesoblast. e. Hypoblast.

Scheme of Human E.mbrvo. with the Visceral Archis
still Persistent.

A. Amnion. V. Fore-brain. M. Mid-brain. H. Hind-brain.
X. After-brain. U. Primitive vertebrae, a. Eye. p. Xasal
pit. S. Frontal process, y. Internal nasal process, n. Ex-
ternal nasal process, r. Superior maxillary process of the
first visceral arch, i, 2, 3, and 4 The four visceral arches,
with the visceral clefts between them. o. Auditory vesicle,
h. Heart, with e. primitive aorta, which divides into the five
aortic arches f. Descending aorta, om. Omphalic-mesen-
teric artery, b. The omphalo-mesenteric arteries of the um-
bilical vesicle, c. Omphalo-mesenteric vein. L. Liver with
venae advehenn s and revehentes. D. Intestine, f. Inferior
cava. T. Coreyx. all Allantois, with z, one umbilical
arterv ; and x, an umbilical vein.

1 MBRY< iCARDIA

120

EMMENAG* >GUE

EmbryocarJ-.a

:• ]. A:; i ..i tin- heart, char-

i by a heart beat like that of a fetus. It U

•dated with tachycardia, and a condition

Embryocton . | , embryo;

| I n of the living fetus ;

lent "i" abortion.
Embryogenesis Embryogeny

duc-
partment of biology which deals with
menl of I germ.

Embryograph , i mbryo ;

rm of microscope and camera
id figures in em-
idy.
Embryography ■ embryo;

. t,. write j tion of embryos.

Embryologic . Embryological

science].
I
Embryologist | '«/) [>■ em

\ ialist or expert in the science

Embryology , embryo ; A.

The of the evolution of the em-

bryo, or the study of fetal development.
Embryon a Embryo.

Embryonal '-nal). Same as Embryonic.

Embryonic {em-bre-on'-ik) [ , embryo]. Per

tail the embryo. E. Area, in embryology,

|ue circular spot that forms on the blastoderm.
E. Connective Tissue, the primitive condition of
tissue when first formed, consisting of
i cells. E. Spot. See E. ./■
Embryotega {em-bre-otf-e-gaK) [ . an embryo;

■ ]. In biology, a small lid or cap cover-
micropyle in certain seeds.
Embryotome {emf -bre-o-toiri) [ififipvnv, embryo ; roiif],

in]. An instrument used in embryotomy.
Embryotomy [em-bre-of '-o-me) \l(t(ipvov, embryo;
a]. An operation for reduction of the size
r possible its transmission through
the birth-canal. ■ See Cephalotripsy ; Cranioclasm,
. De olla xpitation, Exen-

isceration, Lamination, Perforation, Spon-
. I
Embryotoxon | m-bre-o-toksf -on\ [lufipvov, embryo;
-.j. A condition resembling arcus senilis,
it birth.
Embryotrophe {emf -bre-o-trof) [ . the embryo ;

In biology, the food-yolk.
Embryotrophy . embryo;

ourishment]. The nutrition of the fetus.
Embryulcia embryo ; lKkeiv,

•■]. i. Forcible extraction of the fetus. 2.

' .||1V

Embryulcus ,. ]. A blunt

Emerald-green. -.-. Mittler's Creen,

n.
Emergence , out; m , to merge ;

' ]. In i of those stru< i

to hairs, but
tirs in nol originating from

lion
t( rm.

Emergency Up]. A

I ■ i tion ;
an r, and calling for

prompt

Emergent (e-mer'-jent) [emergere, to rise up], Sud-
d.-n. unforeseen, and urgent ; calling for prompt de-
. ision and action -, as an emergent case.

Emerod (em'-er-od). See Hemorrhoid.

Emery Strips. Strip- made of tine emery cloth and
employed by dentists tor cutting down to tin- correct
shape tin- excess of gold on proximate fillings.

Emesis , to vomit]. Vomiting.

Emetatrophia {e-met-at-rof-fe-ah ) [hitatg, vomiting;
. wasting]. Atrophy or wasting, due to per
sistent vomiting.

Emetic (e-met'-ik ) [e/ieriKog, causing vomiting], i.
Having the power to induce vomiting. 2. An agent
causing emesis, or a dose ol such an agent. E.,
Direct, om- acting directly on the nerves of the
stomach. E., Indirect, or E., Systemic, one acting
through the blood upon the vomiting-center, or by rc-
flex action from other peripheral sources.

Emeticology (e-met-ik-o/'-o-Je) [t/uriKoe, emetic ; /loyoc,
treatise]. Same as Emetology.

Emetin (em' -et-in). See Ipecacuanha.

Emeto-catharsis {em' -et-o-kath-ar' -sis) \_haair, vomit-
ing; nadaipeiv, to purge]. Vomiting and purgation
at the same time, or produced by a common agent.

Emeto-cathartic (em' -et-o-kath-ar' -tik ) [Ifteotg, vom-
iting ; Kodaipuv, to purge]; Having power to induce
emeto-catharsis.

Emetology (em-et-ol'-o-je) [iueroq, vomiting; '/<> , '» .
science]. The study or science of the physiology,
pathology, and therapeutics of vomiting, and of the
nature of emetics.

Emetomania (em-et-o-ma'-ne-aA) \luero£, vomiting;
uavia, madness]. Insane desire for frequent emetics.

Emetomorphin (em-et-o-mor'-fin) [e/zeroc, vomiting;
Alorpheus, the god of sleep]. Apomorphia.

Emetophobia (em-et-o-fo'-be-ah ) [tyteroc, vomiting ;
<p6 ''»;, fear]. Morbid dread or fear of vomiting.

Emiction (e-mik' -s/iun) [e, out; mingere, to void
urine]. Urination.

Emictory {e-mik1 -tor-e) \e, out; mingere, to void
urine]. I. Promoting the secretion of urine. 2. A
diuretic medicine.

Emigration {em-ig-ra'-skun) [e, out; migrare, to wan-
der] . The outward passage of a wandering-cell or leu-
kocyte through the wall of a blood-vessel; diapedesis.

Eminence {em/-in-ens) [eminentia, an eminence].
A rounded or protuberant part of an organ, especially
of a bone. E., Canine. See Canine. E., Col-
lateral, a projection of the lateral ventricle of the
brain between the hippocampi. E. of Doyere. See
Doyere and Sarcoglia. E. facialis, an eminence in
the angle formed by the strix- and sulcus ventriculi.
E., Frontal, the two eminences of the frontal bone
above tin- superciliary ridges. E., Ilio-pectineal, a
ridge on the upper surface of the pubic bone. E.,
Nasal, the prominence above the root of the nose
between tin- superciliary ridges. E., Parietal, the
eminence of the parietal bone.

Eminential (em-in-en' '-shal\ [eminentia, an eminence].
Relating to an eminence.

Emissarium (em-is-a'-re-um) [L.]. A term for any
canal or channel conveying a fluid outward. It is
applied especially to tin- veins of the skull.

Emissary Veins. Sic Emissarium and Vein.

Emission (e mish'-uri) [emittere, to send forth]. An
illation, or sending forth.

Emmena (em-e' >iah\ \jomiea. menses]. (Menses, q.v.

Emmenagogue {em-en' '-ag-og) [hiu.r/i>a, the menses;

. leading]. A medicine that stimulates the

menstrual flow. E., Direct, one acting directly on

tin- generative organs. E., Indirect, one acting only

through other functions and indirectly.

EMMENIA

421

EMPYEMA

Emmenia (em-e'-ne-ah) [L.]. The menses.

Emmeniopathy (em-en-e-op? -a-the) \ip.fap>a, menses;
rradog, illness]. Any disorder of menstruation.

Emmenology [etn-en-oV -o-je) [l[ifup>a, menses; /
science]. That branch of science that treats of men-
struation.

Emmenorrhea [em en-or-e,-ah\ [ififii/va, menses; poia,
a Sowing]. The menses.

Emmerich, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Table of.

Emmert's Suture. See Suture.

Emmet's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. E.
Operation. See Trachelorrhaphy, and Operations,
Table of.

Emmetrope [em'-et-rop) [tv, in; fiirpov, measure;
u>ip, eye]. A person whose eyes are emmetropic.

Emmetropia (em-ct-ro'-pe-a/i) \jv, in; fiirpov, measure;
M, the eye]. Normal or perfect vision. The con-
dition of an eye whose shape and refractive media are
such that, with suspended accommodation, parallel
rays of light are brought to a focus upon the retina.
For practical tests, rays of light from a point 20 feet
away are considered as parallel.

Emmetropic (em-et-roff -i£) \hv, in; fiirpov, measure;
o>4>, eye]. Characterized by emmetropia.

Emodin [emf -o-diri) [Hind. , emodi, rhubarb], C15II10-
< >.. A glucosid that occurs with chrysophanic acid in

• the bark of wild cherry, in cascara sagrada, and in the
root of rhubarb. It consists of orange-red crystals,
melting at 245-2500 C.

Emollient (e-mol' '-vent) \emollire, to soften]. I. Soft-
ening ; relaxing and soothing. 2. A substance used
by external application to soften the skin ; or, inter-
nally, to sooth an irritated or inflamed surface. E.
Cataplasm. Same as Species emollientes.

Emoptoe (em-op' -to-e). See He?noptysis.

Emotion (e-mo' -shun) \_etnotio, agitation]. Mental
feeling, or sentiment, with the associated agitation,
and often with more or less bodily commotion. With
the emotions, desire, impulse, and will are intimately-
associated.

Emotional (e-mo'-shun-al) [emovere, to move out].
Pertaining to the mental condition of feeling. E.
Insanity, insanity characterized by exaggeration and
exaltation of feelings.

Erapansement((V)(;')-/(W{^u/-wo«f,»-)) [Fr.]. A dis-
ease of sheep marked by abdominal swelling.

Empathema [em-path-e'-mak) [kv, in ; TrdHr/ua, suffer-
ing: pi., Empathema ta~\. A dominant or ungovern-
able passion or source of suffering. E. atonicum,
hypochondriasis. E. entonicum, active mania. E.
inane, harebrained and purposeless passion and
excitement.

Emphlysis (emf -flis-is) \jv, in, on ; olvair, eruption :
pi. , Emphlyses\. Any vesicular or exanthematous
eruption.

Emphractic (em-frak' -tik) [ifioparreiv, to obstruct].
I. Obstructive ; closing the pores of the skin. 2.
Any agent that obstructs the function of an organ,
especially the excretory function of the skin.

Emphraxis (em-fraks/-is) [ijitypai-u;, obstruction].
1 tbstruction ; infarction ; congestion.

Emphyma (em-fi'-maK) [iv, in; <pvpa, growth://.,
Emphymata~\. A tumor.

Emphysema (em- fiz-e'-mah') [hfifvaaeiv, to inflate].
The abnormal collection of air in the connective tissue
of a part, causing swelling and crepitation. E., Cuta
neous, that occurring in the connective tissue-
beneath the skin, usually of the face. E., Gangren-
ous. See Edema. Malignant. E., Interlobular, a
form of emphysema following the course of the inter-
lobular septa. This condition is due to traumatism,
as after tracheotomy, or in direct injury to the lungs.

E., Pulmonary, a chronic condition of the lungs in
which there is a dilatation of the alveoli with destruction

of the alveolar walls, resulting in a loss of the normal
elasticity of the lung-tissue. This is associated with
more or less marked dyspnea, with hacking cough, and
defective aeration of the blood, giving rise to a certain
degree of cyanosis. The chest bei omes lull and round
— "barrel-shaped" — and a line of distended veins
may often he seen surrounding the body at the lower
margin of the ribs, constituting the so 1 ailed " - mphy-
sematoui girdle." 1 lure is a hypi ant note

over the chest, with feeble inspiratory sound and num-
erous rairs of all kinds. Hypertrophy and dilatation of
the rtLjht heart are frequent complications. I he margins
of the lungs are often the seat of large bullae du<
extensive destruction of the alveolar tissue. The
most frequent causes of emphysema are whooping-
cough and chronic lung-affections attended with
severe coughing-spells. E., Surgical. See A'eroder-
m ectasia.

Emphysematous (emftz-em'-at-us) [k/MJwadeiv, to in-
flate]. Affected with or of the nature of emphysema.
E. Girdle. See Emphysema.

Emphytriatreusis (emfit-re-at-ru/-sis) [e/ufmrog, in-
nate; laTpevGir, treatment]. The treatment of dis-
ease by an untrained person, whether clairvoyant,
medium, trance-doctor, telepathist, mesmerist, or
seventh son of a seventh son.

Empiric (em-pir'-ik) [kfiireipucSg, experiential, practi-
cal]. One practising medicine without philosophic
or scientific principles, simply from the results of his
own experience, or that of others. As commonly
used it is nearly synonymous with cmack.

Empiricism (em-pir'-is-izm) [ifiireipucdg , experimental,
practical]. I. Dependence upon experience or obser-
vation. 2. Quackery.

Empiricist (em-pir'-is-ist) [iu-eipinor, experimental,
practical]. One who depends upon experience in the
treatment of disease.

Emplastrum (em-plas'-trum) [i/iirXaaaetv, to plaster
up: pi. , Emplastra~\. A plaster. In pharmacy, a
cohesive, tenacious substance, insoluble in water, used
as an excipient and containing a prescribed medicinal
substance intended to be spread in a thin layer upon
chamois, kid, or muslin. The excipient is usually
lead oleate or Burgundy pitch. (See Lead and Pix. )
There are 13 official emplastra. E. califaciens. S
Cantharis.

Empresiomania (em-pre-se-o-ma/-ne-ah) [ •■ ■ - -
conflagration; uavia, mania]. Pyromania ; insane
desire to burn houses or other articles ; maniacal in-
cendiarism.

Empresmomania [em-pres-mo-ma' -ne-aK) \h.u-xpi,r
a burning ; /lavia, madness]. Same as Empr,
mania.

Empresmus (em-pres'-mus) \_iu-prjop6r, a burning].
Inflammation ; phlogosis.

Emprosthotonia \, »i pros-thot-o'-ne-ah). Same as
Emprosth otonos.

Emprosthotonos [em-pros-thof '-o-nu . for-

ward ; rrfvoc, tension]. Tonic muscular spasm that
bends the upper and lower part- of the body for-
ward ; it is one of the symptoms in some cases of
tetanus, etc.

Emptysis (emp1 '-tis-is) [k/iirrifeaj, to spit upon]. Hem-
orrhage from the lungs; hemoptysis.

Empyema (em-pi-e' -mah ) [/v, in: raw, pus]. Pus in
the pleural cavity or in the chest. It may be primary,
which is rare, or secondary. There is associated a
hectic type of fever, with chills and sweating. If not
treated it will rupture spontaneously through the lung
or chest-wall. Empyema is most frequently encoun-

EMPYEMA fOUS

422

F.NCFPllAI.oMAl.U 1A

tered in children, but may occur from pleurisy, tuber
cul tic conditions, and infectious fevers in any

individual. E. necessitatis, an empyema in which
the pus burrow: n the interscostal spaces and

E., Pulsating,
tpyema attended with puis the chest-wall.

Empyematous pus],

i m ihe nati ted with empyema.

Empyemic •''•'■

Empyes;- | purate]. A

pustulai any tli- i irac-

terized by lually tilling with

purulent fluid.
Empyocele " pus ; >>//>-//,

rum • \ purulei l
Empyomphalus : irbov, pus;

.;] \ collection of pus at or about the
11.1.
Empyreumatic it'-ik) [ a, a live

itained from some organic
i of strong heat; asanempyreu-
■il.
Emulger.-. . i" milk out]. I.

Draining; appli renal arteries as draining nut

the uri' . \n emulj >el. 3. Any remedy

that stimulates the emunctory organs. E. Veins.
■;/.
Emulsin . to milk out], 10

II \ ferment contained in bit-

ter almonds. It 1- also called Synaptase. Its union
wil lalin forms hydrocyanic acid. See Amyg-

Emalsio 1 1 I.. : //., Emulsion s\ See

Emulsion [emulsio, emulsion]. Water

r liquid in which oil, in minute subdivision of
d. Ihi- U. S. P. and N. F.
lain formulae of some 19 emu
Emulsionize [e-mulf -shun-tz) [emulgere, to milk out].
1 into an emulsion. The pancreatic juice
fats.
Emulsive 1 -mul'-siv) [emulgere, to milk out]. Form-
ing or : itering into an emulsion.
Emunctory [e-munk1 \ungere, to blow the
•ut J. 1. Excretory; excreting or re-
in- . te matters and waste-products, 2. Any
•r part that ha- an excretory or purifying func-
tion, as the liver, kidneys, bowel, skin, or lungs.
Emydin | m'-id-in) [k/ivg, the fresh water tortoise]. A
wh 1 substance procured from the yolk of the
turtles.
Enamel if-el) [ME., enamaile, enamel]. 1.
ace of the crown of the teeth. See
2. A vil abstance used for painting on
. and for covering metals with various
kin 11t.il work. It is composed of color-

onsisl of metallic oxids, fluxi
ritr ilicates, borates, or boro-sili-

E.-blue. See Smalts.

E.-cell r, E. -chisel, a dental instru-

1 1 hisel, with a straight or oblique

for cutting away the enamel and den-

th. E. -column, E. -fiber, E. -prism,

' the mi:. 1 d prisms

osed. E. -cuticle.
E.-germ, an Ameloblast, q. v.
Enanthema

ruption within the

Enanthematous \:r, in; ,',,<

mpanied
by

Enanthesis [en-an' '-thesis) [kv, in ; avBeiv, to bloom].
I. An eruption of the skin, not connected with an
internal disease, 2. An exanthematous rash.

Enanthylic Acid (en an-thil'-ik). See Acid.

Enantioblastous (e-nan-te-o-blas^-tus) [kvavriog, oppo-
; wnn-.n , germ]. In biology, applied to the
embryo of orthotropous seeds when placed at the end
opposite the hilum.

Enantiomorphous [en an te-o-mot^-/us)[evavriog,appo-
siti .form]. Similar but contrasted or reversed

in form. Thus the two hand- are enantiomorphous.

Enarthrodia (en-ar-thro' -de-ah). See Enarthrosis.

Enarthrodial [en-ar-thro' '-de-al) [kv, in; ipfipov, a
joint]. Having the character of an enarthrosis.

Enarthrosis [en-ar-thro' -sis) [kv, in ; &p6pov, joint].
A ball and-socket joint, like that of the hip; a variety
1 >i diarthrosis. See Diarthn

Enation (e-na'-shuti) [enasci, to be born]. In biology,
having outgrowths resulting from excessive develop
ment. In ethnology, maternal relationship.

Encanthis [en-kan* -this) [kv, in; K&vdog, canthus].
A reddish-colored morbid growth in the inner canthus
of the eye.

Encapsulation (en-kap-su-laf -shun) [en, in ; capsula,
a capsule]. Fixation as in a capsule ; the absorption
of a bacillus in a giant cell ; the enclosure oi a for-
eign body in a tough sheath.

Enceinte (on(gysantf) [Fr. , incincta, girdled]. With
child ; pregnant.

Encephal [en-sef r-al). Same as Encephalon, </. v.

Encephalalgia (,-n-st'f-al-al'-je-ah) [>';/,. o,;/,h, the
brain; aXyog, pain]. Pain in the head.

Encephalatrophic | en-sef al-at-rbff-ik\ [kytcitpaXog,
brain; arpoqiia, wasting]. Relating to Drain-atrophy.

Encephalic [en-sef-al' '-ik) [/;/»' <»//,» , the brain]. Per-
taining to the encephalon.

Encephalin (en-sef '-al-in) [kyKkQdhoq, the brain]. A
nitrogenous glucosid extracted from brain-tissue.

Encephalion (en-sef-a' -le-on) [dim. of iyKE<baAoq , the
brain]. The cerebellum.

Encephalitic (en-sef-al-if '-ik) [fy/c^a/lor, the brain ;
trie, inflammation]. Relating to or affected with en-
cephalitis.

Encephalitis (en-sefal-i' '-tis) [ey/el^aAoc, brain; inrr
inflammation]. Inflammation of the encephalon ;
brain-fever.

Encephalocele ( cn-scf'-al-o-sel ) [kytciipaXog, brain;
>>','/ r/, tumor]. A hernia of the brain through a
cranial fissure.

Encephaloccele (en-sef '-al-o-sU) [.>;/, oa/or, brain;
i<or/ia, hollow]. A ventricle of the brain.

Encephalodialysis | il-o-di-alf-is-is) [t

brain; Am'/ rrrir, dissolution]. Softening of the brain.

Encephalodynia (en-sef al-o-din' -e-ah ) [kytckipaXog,
brain ; bSvvt], pain]. Same as Encephalalgia.

Encephaloid [en tef'-al-oid) [kyKktyihog, brain; 1
like], 1. Resembling brain-tissue. 2. Soft carci-
noma. See ( arcinoma.

Encephalolith (en-sef ' -al-o-lith) [ , brain;

'/iih,<. -tone]. A calculus of the brain ; a brain-stone.

Encephalolithiasis (en-sef al-o-lith-V -as-is) [kyici <»//<» ,
brain; ' formation of calculi]. The form-

1 of brain-stones.

Encephalology ( n •ef-al-ol'-o-j > [kynk<pahoct brain;
cience]. The anatomy, physiology, and path-
ology of the brain.

Encephaloma (- t , paAoc, brain; dfia,

tumor: /•/., Encephalomata\ 1 Tumor of the brain ;
hen ebri. 2. Encephaloid carcinoma.

Encephalomalacia [en tef-al-o-mal-a' '-se-ah) [h/Kf<t>a-
'/'!,, brain; iia'/aKia, softening]. Softening of the
brain substance.

I \< EPHALOMERE

■IT,

ENDEXOl ERIC

Encephalomere {en-sef'-al-o-mir) [. m-.. >„,'/<„ , brain;
pi pug, share ]. Any one of the ion ol natural

segments of axial parts into which the brain is divis-
ible.
Encephalometer (en-sef-al-om' et ■ ■ ) [eyjce^aAoc, brain;
fdrpov, measure]. An instrument tor measuring tin-
cranium and locating certain brain-n
Encephalo-myelopathy F,-al-o-mi-el-op/-a/h-e)

[eynitpatog, brain; uveXdg, marrow; ir&dog, disease].
Any disease that is both an encephalopathy and a my-
elopathy; any cerebrospinal disease.

Encephalon \en-sef/ -al-on) [iv, in; k un/i, , the head].
The contents of the cranium. The brain.

Encephalonarcosis {en-sef-al-o-nar-ko/-sis) [/_/, ..e/.„ .
brain; vapnoeiv , to benumb]. Stupor from some
brain-lesion.

Encephaloncus [en-sef-al-ong' kits) [.■'; /nifahog, brain;
byiaog, a tumor]. See Encephalophyma.

Encephalopathy {en-sef-al-op1 '-a/h-e) [kytd^alog, brain ;
rrddog, disease]. Any disease of the brain.

Encephalophyma ( en-sef-al-o-fi' '-mah ) [ . , Ke<j>aXog,
brain; <pvpa, a growth]. A tumor of the brain.

Encephalorrhagia (en-sef-al-or-a'-je-ak) [kytciQaXog,
brain ; /<//; virvai,tO break forth]. Cerebral hemorrhage.

Encephalotome {en-sef'-al-o/om) [kytd^ahag, brain;
rofii], section]. An instrument for slicing the enceph-
alon tor examination or preservation.

Encephalotomy [en-sef-al-of '-o-me) [kytd^aXog, brain;
rofjet), section], i. The anatomy or dissection of the
brain ; surgical incision of the brain. 2. Obstetric
craniotomy.

Enchondroma [en-kon-dro/-mak) [iv, in; ^<5vrfpoc, car-
tilage; bua, tumor : />/., Enchondromata]. 1. A tu-
mor arising from or resembling cartilage in texture,
etc.; chondroma. 2. A cartilaginous growth within an
organ or tissue.

Enchondrosis {en-kon-dro'-sis) [kv, within; xdvdpoc,
cartilage : pi. , Enckondroses~\. An outgrowth of cart-
ilage from an osseous or cartilaginous structure ; the
process by which an enchondroma is developed.

Enchylema {en-ki-ler -mah) [iv, in; %vX6g, juice]. In
biology, the basal substance of a cell-nucleus (Kern-
saft) ; it is a hyaline, fluid, granular substance, con-
taining the other nuclear elements.

Enchymatous {en-kim'-at-us) [kv, in; xElvi to pour].
In biology, applied to cells that are distended bv in-
fusion, as glandular epithelia.

Enclave [en-klar/, on(gyklahv,)[Yr.'\. Any substance
enclosed within a foreign tissue, as an oil-globule in a
cell ; any exclave {q. v.) considered in relation to the
part that surrounds it.

Enclavement (on(g)-klahv/-mon(g) )[Fr.]. Retention
due to a constriction ; impaction, as of the head in
the pelvic strait.

Enclitic (en-k/it'-ik) [iyieXiTiKdg, leaning on]. Not
synclitic.

En Clou (on(g)-iloo/) [Fr.]. See Culture.

Encoleosis {en-ko-lc'-o-sis) [kv, in; k67leos, sheath].
Invagination.

Encolpitis {en-kol-pi' -/is) [kv, in; Koz-nr, vagina].
Mucous vaginitis.

Encraty [en'-krat-e) [c; Kpaxtia, mastery]. Self-control ;
continence or strict temperance.

Encyclic, Encyclical {en-sik/-lik,en-sik,-lik-al)[kv,ii\ ;
id ■k'/i>i -. a circle]. In biology, applied to flowers having
the organs arranged with an equal number of parts, in
alternate whorls ; isomerous.

Encysted [en-sist'-ed] [kv,xa ; Kvorig, a bag]. Enclosed
in a cyst, or capsule. Aneurysms, hernia.-, or tumors
may become enevsted.

Encystment (en-sis? '-men/) [kv, in ; Kvorig, a bag].
The process of becoming encysted.

End [ME., ende\. The terminal point of a thing. E.-
bud, or E.-bulb, the terminal bulb of a nerve in the
skin. E.-bulb of Krause. Bee Corpuscle. E. -plate,
the expanded terminal of a motor nerve upon a bundle
of muscular fibers. E. -organ, the general nam<
the terminal organ or part of a sensory nerve-fiber, of
whatever kind.

Endangeitis [end-an-je-i' '-/is) [ivSov, within ;

vessel; vng, inflammation]. Inflammation of the en-
dangium.

Endangium, or Endangeion (end-an'-je-um, on)
[lv&on>, within ; vessel]. The intima or in-

most coat of a blood vessel. See Intima.

Endanthem [end-an' '-/hem) [Mov, within; avdelv, to
bloom]. A term applied to a mucous exanthem.

Endarteritis {end-ar-/er-i> '-/is) [kvSov, within; aprjjpia,
artery; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
intima, or innermost coat of an artery. The mitt,
form is ran-, and only occurs in the aorta and the
larger arteries. Ulceration is very rarely present.
The chronic form, also named A/heroma, and Arteritis
<rmans, is a peculiar change or degeneration occur-
ring in the arterial coats of the aged, and is preceded
by a fatty degeneration of the tissues of the arteries.
Syphilis is supposed to play an important part in the
production oi this condition. The immediate cause,
however, is mechanical irritation due to the force of
the circulation. The fatty debris and the cholesterin that
are formed during the degenerative process accumulate
in spaces beneath the intima and constitute the so-
called atheromatous abscesses. The so-called athero-
matous ulcer is formed by one of these abscesses break-
ing through the intima. The sequelae of a/heromat
degeneration are very grave. Aneurysm, thrombosis,
embolism, and apoplexy frequently result, and hence,
the ultimate prognosis is bad. Arterio-capillary
Fibrosis, or Arterio-sclerosis, is a peculiar change
occurring in the small vessels throughout the body.
and consisting in a thickening of the adventitia
and intima by a deposit of a hyaline-fibroid material
which diminishes the caliber of the vessels, increases
the arterial tension, and thus gives rise to the hyper-
trophy of the heart that is present in this condition.

Endeictic ien-dik'-tik) [kv, in; deucvvvai, to show].
Symptomatic ; serving as an indication.

Endeixis [en-dtks/ -is) [evdeigig, a pointing out]. A
symptom, sign, or indication.

Endemann and Prochazka's Test. See Tests.

Endemic [en-dem/-ik) [kv, in; <h'/i/oc, a people]. A
term applied to diseases that exist among small num-
bers of persons or within a limited area. An endemic
disease may or may not become epidemic ; it is in
general due to some local cause. E. Colic. See Colic.

Endemicity, or Endemism [en-dem-isr -it e, or enf-dem-
izm) [kr in; Af/uog, a people]. The quality of being
endemic.

Endemiology {en-dem-e-oV -o-je) [kv, in; drjftog, a peo-
ple ; "Mryog, science]. The science of-endemic diseases.

Endepidermis (end-ep-e-der' '-mis) [evdog within ; - .
upon; dip/ia, the skin]. The inner layer of the epi-
dermis.

Endermatic {en-der-matf -ik) [kv, in ; dippa, the skin].
Within the skin. Pertaining to a method of a Iminis-
tering medicines through the skin, by rubbing, etc.

Endermic (en-der/-mi&). Same as Endermatic

Enderon (enf-der-on) [kv, in; Sipog, skin]. The true
skin or derm, together with the non-epithelial portion
of the mucous membrane.

Enderonic [en-der-ont -ik) [kv, in : n]. Per-

taining to or of the nature of the enderon.

Endexoteric o-ter'-ik) [kv8m>, within ; kt-urepucdg,

outer]. Due both to internal and external causes.

1 NDO

124

ENDOCHORION

Endo- . . within]. A prefix, meaning

within.
Endo-arterit-
Endo-auscultation

within ; ' •] \ method "I

auscullation devised by Bianchi bj using the ordinary

1 1 1 1 « > the stomach, i" auscult
tin and through them, rtain

the beart and lui
Endoblast within; J/uaz

ell-nucli 5i e hypo-

Endoblastic within ;

nn]. Relating to the endobl
Endocardiac, Endocardial

within ; . the heart]. Re-

tail irdium; situated within the heart.

Endocarditis .within; nap

the heart]. Pertaining to or affected with endocar-
dil
Endocarditis \ar-di'-t . within ; tea

the heart; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
i iium or lining membrane of the heart. Acute
umatism is the most frequent cause, though pneu-
monia, i any infectious disease may precede,

.ire nearly always the parts affected, and
usually the left heart. The disease is prone

terminate fatally or result in permanent injury to
the valves. Fibrinous deposits or vegetations project
into the cavity of the heart; the thickened endocar-
dium is liable to become ath XQmatous, with chronic
ulcerat: adocarditis may be divided into

Chronic endocarditis includes
chronic disease of the valves of the heart. There is a
fibrous or cirrhotic thickening of the latter, associated
with contraction and calcification. Usually this
chronic disease, like the acute, is confined to the left
heart, and it is generally rheumatic in origin. E.,
Malignant or Ulcerative. Also called diphtheric,

irditis. A rapidly fatal

•ii. [t is marked by high fever,

chills, and profound prostration. This is followed by

the i murmur, purpuric skin-eruptions,

hematuria, delirium, convulsions, hemiplegia, enlarge-

leen, the typhoid state, and death.

i be found. Ulcerations are

found around and in the valves, and in these ulcers

mi- ■ in large quantities. E.

polyposa, a form of ulcerative endocarditis in which

.nin. producing poly-

E. pustulosa, a form of ulcerative en-

n which minute absi '-cur in the

E., Simple, the ordinary

• .minis usually associated with a

»»|' .urmur. E., Chronic, associated with

1 he following form- are met with:

i 2. Aortic uc-

4. Mitral Stenosis:

nary Stenosis

• Incontf. s. />-/-

Aortic

Incompetence | by a retraction of the

become rigid and
orta i- not shut off i

the

.ilv. A
mui ! This

5ud-
<■ more
than in ai valvular The

i or watei hammi
Aortic Stenosis or Obstruction is due I

ami curling, with calcification of the valves. 1 In- usually
occurs in the aged. A systolic murmur is produced,
accompanied in the late stages of the disease 1>\ a
tendency to syncope, giddiness, and anemia. The

pulse i- slow and -mall, but regular. Mitral Incom-
petence, the most frequent of all valvular lesion-, i-
due to curling of the valve-cusps oi to shortening ol
the chordae tendinese. linn- is usually produced an
immense hypertrophy of the wall- of the ventrid
Late in the disease compensation fail- and general
edema ensues. Dyspnea i- a frequent symptom,
associated with cyanosis and albuminuria. The mur-
mur i- systolic in time ; the pul-e is normal during the
staged compensation, alter ward small and irregular.
This is a common form among children. Mitral
Stenosis, due to fibrous thickening and contraction
of the mitral CUSpS. I he opening may be reduced to
a mere fissure. If due to a thickening and shortening
of the chords tendinese the thickened and adherent
valves are drawn in a funnel-shape toward the floor
of the ventricle. Mitral stenosis usually occurs in
women. A presystolic murmur is produced, associ-
ated with duplication of the second sound. Pul-
monary Incompetence, the rarest of valvular
diseases, may be due to congenital abnormalities, or
may follow some diseased condition, as malignant
endocarditis. The murmur is diastolic in time. Pul-
monary Stenosis or Obstruction, usually congenital,
is due to fetal heart-disease. The patients usually die
before they are ten or twelve years old. A systolic mur-
mur is produced. Tricuspid Incompetence is due to
endocarditis or to dilatation of the right ventricle and
tricuspid orifice. Compensation is never adequate, and
hence venous stasis, cyanosis, and dropsy soon follow.
A systolic murmur is produced. Tricuspid Sten-
osis is a rare condition and usually secondary to mitral
stenosis. It is marked by a presystolic murmur. Com-
bined Valvular Disease ; frequently two of the fore-
going murmurs may coexist. The most usual combi-
nations are as follows: I. Aortic obstruction and
regurgitation; 2. Mitral obstruction and regurgitation ;
3. Mitral obstruction and tricuspid regurgitation ; 4.
Aortic obstruction and mitral regurgitation; 5.
Double valvular disease at aortic and mitral orifices
(four murmurs). E. ulcerosa, the ulcerative form of
endocarditis. E. verrucosa, a form of endocarditis
characterized by the production of endocardial vegeta-
tions situated mostly upon the curtains of the cardiac
valves. It is seen Usually upon the left side of the
heart.

Endocardium ( en-do kar' -de-um \ [tvAor, within;
napdia, the heart]. The colorless, transparent mem-
brane lining the interior of tile heart.

Endocarp (en' '-do-Harp) [ivdov, within; Kapndq, fruit].
In biology, the inner hard and stony membranous or
fleshy layer of a pericarp; e.g., the -tone of a peach.

Endocarpoid [en-do-kar' '-poid). In biology, applied to
lichen- that have the apothecia immersed in the thallus.

Endocelarium [en-do-se-ta'-re-um) [ evdov, within;
KOtXia, the belly]. In biology, the visceral epithelium
of the body-cavity. ■

Endocervical {en-do-serf-vik-al 1 \ivfiov, within ; cervix,
neck]. Relating to the inside of the uterine cervix.

Endocervicitis [en-do-ser-vis-i'-tis ) [2v(W, within;
cervix, neck; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation
within the canal of the cervix uteri.

Endochondral 1 en-do-ion'-dra/) [tvfiov, within;
. cartilage]. Situated or occurring within a
cartilage.

Endochorion {en-do-ko* -re-ori) [evdov, within; %6piov,
the chorion]. The inner chorion ; the vascular layer
of the allantois.

ENDOCHORIONIC

u:>

ENDONEURIAL

Endochorionic [en-do-ko-re-on'-ik) [ivdov, within;
xoptov, the chonon]. Relating to the endochorion.

Endochrome [en* •do-kroni) [ivdov, within; [\pupa,
color]. In biology, the coloring matter, other than
green, df the endoplasm of a cell, or that of diatoms
or (it Sowers.

Endochylema [en-do-ki' -Um-ak) [ivdov, within; ,('/«<,
juice]. In biology, the semi-fluid substance tilling
the protoplasmic reticulum of a cell.

Endochyme [en' do kim) [ivdov, within; \V(i6c, juice].
In biology, the formative cell-sap elaborated from the
chyme.

Endoclinal [en-do-ili'-nal) [ivdov, within; k'/<
to lean]. In biology, having the clinode, an organ
analogous to the hymenium, inclosed in a concept.)

Endocolpitis [en-do- kol-pi' -tW) [ivdov, within ; wHkitoc,
vagina]. Same as Encolpitis.

Endocone [en'-do-kon) [ivdov, within; kuvoc, cone].
In biology, one of the internal cones formed by the
siphon-sheaths in certain cephalopods.

Endocranitis [en-do-kra-ni' -tis) [ivdov, within; tcpaviov,
the skull ; ir/r, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
endocranium ; pachymeningitis externa.

Endocranium [en-do-ira'-ne-um) [ivdov, within;
Kpaviov, the skull]. That part of the cerebral dura
that adheres to the inner surface of the cranial bones.
One of the processes projecting into the cephalic cav-
ity, as the tentorium or cephalophragma.

Endocyemate [en-do-si' -em-dt) [ivdov, within ; nbrjpa,
an embryo]. In embryology, applied to that form of
development in which the embryo is invaginated in a
fold of the blastodermic membrane, an amnion being
formed ; the opposite of Epicyemate.

Endocyesis i en-do-si-e1 'sis) [ivdov, within; kveiv, to
conceive: //. , Endocyeses~\. In biology, the process
that gives rise to an endocyemate embryo.

Endocyma [en-do-si' -mah) [ivdov, within; KVfia, a fe-
tus]. A form of double monstrosity in which the
parasite is contained within the body of the autosite.

Endocyst [en' -do-sis f) [ivdov, within; kvotic, bladder].
In biology, the endoderm or inner layer of the
cenecium or common dermal system of a colony of
Polyzoa. See Ectocyst.

Endoderm {en' -do-derm) [ivdov, within ; depfia, skin].
In biology, the simple nutritive cell-layer lining the
cavity of the primitive intestine, the enteron, and its
modifications or derivatives. The vegetative germi-
nal layer. See Blastoderm.

Endodermis [en-do-der' -mis) [jv^ov. within; depua,
skin]. In biology, the layer of cells surrounding a
fibro-vascular cylinder.

Endodontitis [en-do-don- ft' -tis) [ivdov, within ; bdovc, a
tooth; irtc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
lining membrane of a tooth.

Endogastritis [en-do-gas-tri'-tis) [ivdov, within; }aoTTjp,
stomach; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the stomach.

Endogen [en'-do-jen) [ivdov, within; yevvav, to pro-
duce]. A plant, the growth of which is by means
of new matter deposited in the interior of the trunk
or branch. A member of one of the great primary
classes of flowering-plants; a monocotyledon. See
Exogen .

Endogenous [en-doj* '-en-us [ivdov, within; yevyc, pro-
ducing]. In biology, applied to the stems of mono-
cotyledons and their manner of growth ; also to spore-
formation or cell-formation inside of a parent-cell.

Endognathal [en-dog* -na-thal) [ivdov, within; yvc
jaw]. In biology, applied to the pulpiform appenda-
ges formed by the modification of the three terminal
joints of the third thoracic limb in certain crustace-
ans.

Endognathion [end-og na'-tke-ori) [ivdov, within ;
Boc, jaw]. The middle portion of the superior maxilla.

Endogonium [er, ne-uni) [ivdov, within;

d]. In biology, a gonidium formed inside of a re-
ceptacle or parent cell, as in the Saprolegniece , Muco-
> ini , I aucheria.

Endo-laryngeal i en do lar in'-je-al i [ vdm , within ;
Xapvyij, the larynx]. Within the larynx. E. Opera
tions, operations performed within the larynx.

Endolemma [en-do- lem* -ah) [ivdov, within; tefi/ia,
husk]. Same a-. Neurilemma.

Endolymph [en'-do-limf) [ivdov, within; lympha,
water]. The fluid of the membranous labyrinth ol
the ear.

Endolymphangeal [en-do-lim-fan' -je-al) [in^n-, with-
in ; lympha, lymph; ayyelov, vessel]. Situated or
belonging within a lymph vessel; as an endolym-
phangeal nodule.

Endolymphic n io-lim'-fik) [ivdov, within; lympha,
lymph]. Relating to or of the nature of en
lymph.

Endomersion [en-do-mer'-shun). See Objective.

Endomesoderm [en-do-me'-so-derm) [ivdov, within;
peoor, middle ; drpua, skin]. In biology, a] i] .lied to
two cells that appear on the side of the blastopore in
the embryos of molluscs and annelids, giving ri^e by di-
vision to the two primitive mesoderm cells, and to a
portion of the lining of the mesenteron.

Endometrial [en do me'-tre-al) [ivdov, within; pJjrpa,
the womb]. Pertaining to the endometrium; situ-
ated within the uterus.

Endometritis [en-do-me-tri' -tis) [ivdov, within; u -
the womb; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the en-
dometrium. E., Cervical, of the cervical portion. It
gives rise to the condition known as erosion, ulcer,:
or granular degeneration of the cervix , a very frequent
condition. There is leukorrhea, pain in the back, and
congestion of the cervix and pelvic viscera, with metror-
rhagia or menorrhagia, or both, together with some
failure of the general health. This condition is due
to traumatism, usually in parturition. E., Chronic
Purulent, occurs in old women and is marked by an
accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity with a pur-
ulent leukorrhea. E., Corporeal, that of the body
of the uterus. E., Decidual, of the decidual mem-
brane of the impregnated uterus. It may be diffuse
(thickening and development of connective tissue) or
polypoid (with polypoid growths). E., Fungous,
that in which the lining membrane is hypertrophied,
with the formation of vascular granulations. This is
also called hemorrhagic endometritis. E., Hemor-
rhagic. See E. , Fungous.

Endometrium [en-do-me' -tre-um ) [ivdov, within ; u r
uterus]. The lining membrane of the uterus.

Endometry [en-dom'-et r< [ivdov, within; ph
measure]. The measurement of the interior of an
organ or cavity, as of the cranium.

Endomyocarditis [en-do-mi-o-kar-di' -tis) [ivdov, with-
in ; pvc, muscle: Kapdia, heart; trie, inflammation].
Inflammation of both endocardium and myocardium.

Endomysial [en-do-miz' -e-al) [ivdov, within; uvc, mus-
cle]. Pertaining to or of the nature of endomysium.

Endomysium [en-do-miz' -e-um) [ivdov, within;
muscle]. The extension of the perimysium between
the muscular fibers.

Endonephritis [en-do-n 'f-ri'-tis) [ivdov, within ; ve<ppoc,
kidney; trie, inflammation]. Synonym of Pyelitis.

Endoneural nu'-ral) [ivdov, within:

nerve]. Relating to or -ituated within the interior of
a nerve.

Endoneurial [en-do-nu'-re-al) [ivdov, within ; vevpm; a
nerve]. Relating to the endoneurium.

I M" >\l I Uir.M

4-26

1 NDOSTOMA

Endoneurium
a nerve]. The delicate tissue holding to-

i bundle ol nen

Endoparasite

ite ) V.i ■.in >>r internal parasite ;

Endoparasitic .within; n

the natun site.

EnJopatagium • within ;

a woman s gown]. In
i th>- w ing membrane of a bat
lyii . amerus, the low< i

. downward from
ting the free margin of the

Endopathic • ithin ; TraHtoc, dis-

till hi disi ase from condi-
ir- mi without. See Exo-

EnJopericarditis dif-tis) [ivdov, within ;

.irt ; trig, inflammation].
indium ami pericardium.
Endoperimyocarditis t-kar-di'-tis)

within; rrepi, around; (/if, muscle; icapi

mmation]. Inflammation of endocar-
dia irdium, and myocardium.
Endoperineuritis nu-ri'-t v, within;

. inflammation].
: both endoneurium and perineurium.
Endophlebitis .within; o> l ,

nflammation]. Inflammation of the inner
in i>r veins.
Endophleum uni) [ivdov, within ;

]. In biology, the liber, ur inner bark ; hast.
Endophragm • ov, within; fpdy/ia, a

n]. In biology, a partition formed by the
chitinou Ling inward from the lateral

ill of the an.

Endophyllous . within ; tpv'/'/.m •,

if]. In 1 within a sheath, as the

■ . ledons.
Endophyte i , within ; ovrdv, a plant].

Endophytou [ivdov, within; ovrov, a

In biology, applied to the larvae of certain

into the stems and roots of plants

Enioplasm I . , within ; -'/nana, a

thi I]. In biology, the inner granular pro-

r of a histologic cell.
Endoplast within ; -'/<;.-

|. In biology, the nuclear body of a proto

is of a histoli

: .

Endoplastul' vdav, within ; irXaor6g,

]• I" I dl oval or rounded body,

endoplast of a protozoan ;

i histologic cell.

Endopleura [ivdov, within; r/>;

rib: pi., i In biology, the delicate

Endopleurit' within ; -'/

<>f the lateral apodemal par-
titi K ra] mi mbrane cm

Endopodite . within; foot],

fn the

• d it COI

gion an am-
bulator) '.-•■:

Endopn; thin; kt'ujov, feather,

Endorhizal (ett-do-ri'-za/) [ivdov, within ; pl£a, runt].
In biology, applied to monocotyledonous embryos hav-
ing tin- radicle enclosed within a sheath.

Endosalpingitis [en-do-sal-pin-ji'-iis) [ivdov, within;
an/-r;, trumpet, tube; trig, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the lining membrane of a fallopian tube.

Endosarc (en'-do-sari) [ivdov, within ; oapj;, flesh]. In
biology, the inner protoplasm o( a protozoan-; also ap-
plied by Ilincks to a tissue derived from the endocyst
(the inner layer of tlie common dermal system ol a
colony of Polyzoa), and composed, for tie most part,

of fusiform cells, constituting the connection between

the polypides.

Endoscope [en'-do-skdp) [t v6ov, within ; ano-tiv, to ob-
serve]. An instrument for the examination of a body-
cavity through it- natural outlet.

Endoscopy (en-dos' '-ko-pe\ [ivdov, within; OKoneiv,
to observe]. The practice or process "I using the
endoscope. The examination of cavities or organs
within the body by means of an endoscope.

Endosiphon [en do-si' '-fun) [ivdov, within; aityuv, a
tube]. In biology, the inner siphon of a cephalopod.

Endoskeleton [en-do-skeV -et-un\ [ivdov, within;
OKt'/eTov, a dry body]. In biology, as distinguished
from exoskeleton, applied to the internal skeletal
structures of any animal, whether they are bony, car-
tilaginous, chitinous, calcareous, or silicious, if covered
by flesh and integument.

Endosmometer (en-dos-mom' '-et-er) [ivdov, within;
La tint ;, a thrusting; ukrpov, a measure]. An instru-
ment for measuring endosmosis.

Endosmose (en'-dos-mos). Same as Endosmosis.

Endosmosis (en-dos-mo1 '-sis) [ivdov, within; Latmr,
impulsion]. The passage of a liquid from without in-
ward, through a porous septum or diaphragm ; inward
osmosis. See Osmosis. E., Electric, cataphoresi-.

Endosmotic (en-dos-mof '-ik) [ivdov, within ; «<x//«< . a
thrusting]. Pertaining to endosmosis. E. Equiva-
lent, the weight of distilled water that passes into the
flask of the endosmometer in exchange for a known
weight of the soluble substance. This, e.g., for salt
is 4.3 ; for sugar 7.1.

Endosome [en' '-do-sdm) [ivdov, within ; oLna, body].
In biology, the inner layer of the body of a sponge,
developed from the endoderm and associated meso-
derm.

Endosperm (en' -do-sperm) [ivdov, within; anepfiai
seed]. In biology, the albumin of a seed.

Endospore (en' / tot 1 [ivdov, within; andpoQ, seed].
In biology. (1) a bacterium-spore formed by free cell
formation, as distinguished from an arthrospore ; (2)
the inner coat of a spore.

Endosteal (end-os/-te-al) [ivdov, within; borkov, a
bone]. Relating to endosteum.

Endosteitis [end-os-te-i'-tis) [i vdov, within ; borkov, a
bone; tnr. inflammation]. Inflammation oftheendos
teum.

Endosternite [en do-ster* -riit) [ivdov, within; aripmv.
the breast-bone]. In biology, a sternal piece of the
endothorax developed to support a series of muscles in
various arthropods.

Endosteum [end-os'-te-um) [ivdov, within; borkov,
bone]. The vascular membranous layer of connective
dssue lining the medullary cavity of bones ; the inter-
nal periosteum.

Endostoma (en-dos* -to-mah) [ivdov, within; ordpa, the
mouth: //.. Endostomata\. In biology, a structure
found in certain crustaceans behind and giving support
to the labrum.

Endostoma (end-os-to/-mah) [ivdov, within: borkov,
bone : pi., Endostomata]. A bony tumor within a bone,
or in a cavity surrounded by bone.

KXDOST" >ME

427

ENNEANDER

Endostome [en' '-do-stdm) [;v\nv, within; trrd/xa, the
mouth]. In biology, the orifice of the inner coat of
an ovule.

Endostosis (end-os-to* -sis) \h)6ov , within; ben
bone : //. , Ettdostoses~\. Ossification of a cartilage.

Endostracum [en-dos' '-trak-uni) \h>6ov, within ; barpa-
kov, shell]. In biology, the inner layer of the exo-
skeleton of a crustacean.

Endostyle \< >i' ■'■ .///) [ivdov, within ; arvXog, a col-
umn]. In biology, an organ for the secretion of
mucus, forming the ventral edge oi the branchial sac,
and extending from the peripharyngeal bands ante-
riorly to the posterior end of the sac of Ascidians ; it
is also called the hypobranckial groove.

Endotheca {en-do-the* -kah) \iv6ai>, within; "///>•/, a
case: //. , Endothecai]. In biology, the inner layer of
the lining investment of the visceral chamber of a coral.

Endothecium (en-do-the'-se-um) [IvrJov, within; »/,/■'/.
a case]. In biology, the tapetum or inner lining of an
anther-cell.

Endothelial (en-do-the/-/e-al) [tvSov, within; "//>//,
nipple]. Pertaining to endothelium.

Endothelioid (en-do-the'-le-oid) \Jv6ov, within; ".7/7,
a nipple ; eM-'f, form]. Resembling endothelium.

Endothelio-inoma [en-do-thef -le-o-in-o' -mah) [b>6ovt
within; ">/>'/. a nipple; iq, a fiber; bpa, a tumor:
/>/. , Endothelio-inomata\. A malignant inoma or
til Hi una of endothelial origin.

Endothelioleiomyoma (en-do-the'-le-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah)
[b/6av, within; (hfkr], nipple; /trior, smooth; fivg,
muscle; bua, tumor: //. , EndothelioleiomyomataX.
Endothelial and malignant leiomyoma; myosarcoma.

Endothelioma [en-do-the-le-o1 '-mah) [ivSov, within;
th/'/i/, a nipple ; bpa, a tumor : pi. , Endothelioma ta~\. A
tumor of the endothelium, usually, if not always, a
sarcoma or malignant growth.

Endotheliomyxoma [en-do-the' '-le-o-miks-o' '-mah) \i v-
6ov, within ; fir/'/ 7, nipple ; u'v^a, mucus ; bua, a tumor :
//. , EndotheliomyxomatdX. Endothelial and malignant
myxoma.

Endotheliorhabdomyoma(c«--/(7-/'//t'/-/t-rt-r-z^-(/rt-w/-(5/-
mah) [ivSov, within; firyi/, nipple; pa/Jdog, a rod;
ftvg, muscle; bua, a. tumor: //. , Endotheliorhabdomyo-
matd\. Endothelial and malignant rhabdomyoma.

Endothelium [en-do-the/-le-um) [evtiov, within ; fit/Ar/,
nipple]. The internal lining membrane of serous,
synovial, and other internal surfaces; the homologue
of epithelium.

Endothermic [en-do-ther' ' -mik) [ivdov within ; depur/,
heat]. Relating to the absorption of heat. E. Sub-
stances, or Compounds, those of which the forma-
tion is attended with an absorption of heat.

Endothoracic [en-do-tho-raf -silt) \evdov, within; fiupa^,
thorax]. Situated or occurring within the thorax.

Endothorax {en-do-tho'-raks) [ev6ov, within; ftupa!;,
a breastplate ; the chest] . In biology, the interior
framework, or apodemal system of the rephalotho-
racic region of a crustacean, furnishing processes for
the support of the soft parts.

Endyma [enf -dim-aft) [evSv/ia, garment]. The epen-
dyma, or lining epithelial membrane of the ventricles
of the brain, and of the cavity of the spinal cord.

Endymal [en'-dim-al) \lvdvpa, garment]. Relating to
the endyma.

Endysis [enf-dis-is) \b>6vaiq, a putting on]. In biol-
ogy, the process of acquiring plumage by a bir 1.

Enecation ien-ek-a' '-shun) [e, out; necare, to kill].
I H-struction of life ; complete exhaustion.

Enechema mah) \iv, in; i,x'/pa, sound, ring-

ing] Tinnitus aurium.

Enecia [e-ne' -she-ah) [yveia/s, continuou-]. A con-
tinuous fever.

Enema [enf em-ah ■ \jbve.pa; ev,in; i end: pi.,

Enemald]. A rectal injection for therapeuti
nutritive purposes.

Enepidermatic, or Enepidermic [en-ep-e-der-mat'-ik,
ox -tier' -mik) \jv, in ; zmSippuq, the epidermis]. Per
taining to the treatment of disease b) applications to
the .-.kin.

Energy [en'-er-ge) [kvepyeta; iv, in; epyov, work].
'fhe power or fori e displayed by an organism. '1 he
I' 11 v tor doing work. E., Conservation of, the
law that the various forms oi energy can be trans-
formed one into the other without loss. E., Kinetic,
the power of a body in motion. E., Potential, the
possible power of a body at rest. Physiologically, it-,
measure is the amount of heat that may be obtained
by complete combustion of the chemic compounds
representing the potential energy.

Enervate [e-ner'-vai) [enervare, to weaken]. 1"
weaken.

Enervation [e-ner-va* -shun) [enervatio, weakness].

1. Weakness; lassitude; languor from lack of nerve-
stimulus ; neurasthenia ; the reduction of tin- ^rength.

2. The removal of a section of a nerve.
Enervose [e-ner^-vos) \enervust without nerves]. In

biology, applied to leaves destitute of nerves or
veins.

Eneuresis (en-u-re'-sis). See Enuresis.

Engagement-stage of Labor. See Descent-sta

Engastrius [en-gas' -tre-us) \}v, in; yaorfyp, belly]. A
monstrosity in which one fetus is included within the
peritoneal cavity of another.

Engelmann's Middle Disc. A light disc, separating
two darker discs of a muscle-case. It is also called
Hens en's disc.

Engenesis [en-jen/ -es-is) [m\ in; yeviaOai, to be pro-
duced]. In biology, the fourth of Broca's four de-
grees of fecundity in the union of two -j^-cies. Cf.
Agenesis, Dysgenesis, Paragenesis.

Engine {en'-jin) [ME., engin, a mechanical contriv-
ance]. An apparatus for producing some mechanical
effect. E., Dental, a foot-power machine, embracing
the following device- and combinations : The use of a
flexible wire shaft, witli a flexible sheath over it.
Dental Engine. E., Surgical, an electric or foot-
power machine, used with a flexible wire -haft. It i-
employed in surgery, in drilling, boring, and smooth-
ing bone, etc.

Engle System. See Cremator.

English (ing'-glish ) [ME., English'). Belonging or
pertaining to England. E. Cholera. See Cho
E. Disease. Synonym of RhachiHs. E. Position.
See Postures, Table of. E.-red. See Colcothar and
Venetian-red. E. Sweating Fever. See Anglicus
sudor. E. Teeth, artificial teeth with beautiful color-
ing, and soft translucency, rendering them well
adapted for matching the natural teeth.

Engomphosis [en-gom-fo' '-sis) \iv, in; )6fi<pog, nail].
Gomphosis, q. v.

Engorged [en-gorjdr) [lr. , en nt, a choking up].

Congested. E. Papilla. See Choked Disc.

Engorgement [en-gorj'-ment) [lr. . engorgement, a
choking up]. < >ver-distention of the vessels of a part,
with stagnation of the circulation. Vascular conges-
tion.

Enlargement [en-larj' -ment ). See Auxe, Auxesis,
Hypertrophy.

Enlarger \en-lar'-i . See Amplifier.

Enneagynous [en-e-ajf-in-us) \hrvia, nine; yvvfi, a
woman]. In biology, applied to flowers having nine
pistils.

Enneander [en-e-anf-der) \bwka, nine ; . a man].

In biology, applied to a flower having nine stamens.

1 \\l \IT 1 A I 01 S

128

i:\ll Ri M LYSTER

Enneapetalous
a leaf 1. In biol igy, applied lo a flower having nine
pel
Enneaspermous nine;

- d]. In . applied to fruits having

iiin
Enodal knot]. In biol-

thoul nod - -u-.

Enoinomania rine;

.mi tremens
Enomania mad-

■ desire for intoxicating
liquors; insanit) due to intoxication. Also, delirium
tremens
Enophthalmia

j. Red ball in the orbit.

Enophthalmos [ev, in; 6

of the eyeball into the orbit.
Enosomania . trembling ;

is]. Insanity marked by terror, the
: i" the most dreadful visita

Enostosis [ev, in ; . bone], \

tuim t within the medullary canal of a bone, or a bony
tun nating in bone.

En Piqure ik-eer*) [Fr.]. See Culture.

Ensate . a -word]. In biology, sword-

sb in.

Ensiform >. if-orni) [ n , a sword ; forma, form].
- nl. E. Appendix, the sword-
inous process of the sternum; the
xiphoid earn
Ensisternal [ensis, sword ; nr.

thi uc]. Pertaining to the ensisternum.

Ensisternum <.■ ■ter'-nuni) [«wir,sword; arii

None]. The xiphisternum or ensiform

C.i:

Ensomphalic w-fal'-ik) [iv, in ; ai.ma, body ;

, navel]. Pertaining to an ensomphahiv

Ensomphalus Fal-us) [iv, in; a&fia, body;

. navel], A double monstrosity, with practi-
cally complete and functional organs, but united by
superficial bond.
Enstactum '-turn) [iv, in; ord&iv, to drop:

//. . . •]. A liquid collyrium.

Enstrophe [iv, in; orptyeiv, to turn].

Inversion, a-, of the margin of an eyelid.
Entad within; ad, to]. From with-

out inward; toward ite of Ectad.

Ental itliin]. A surface, aspect, or

i from the periphery or nearer the
titer than that with which it i- contrasted. Deep,
'"' the opposite, Ectal;

•i, Tab
Entasia,..r Entasis [evraai{,

in for spasmodic muscular

Entatic g straining].

m ; aphrodis
Entera Plural of Enteron, q. v.

Enteradenography
inti

Enteradenology ,,, , intes-

tin< anatomy,

ph) tinal glands.

Enteragra

Enteralgia

pain] Pain in fh< E. inflammatoria.

rrh.

Enterectasis [en-ter-ek'-tas-is) [evrepou, intestine ;

iicraatg, dilatation]. Dilatation >>i some part of the

small intestine.
Enterectomy [en-ter-ek,-to-me) [ivrepov, intestine;

EKTOfiT/, excision]. Excision of a part of the small

intestine.
Enterelcosis [en-ter-el-kof -sis) [ivrepov, intestine;

ITjumuc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the bowel.
Enterepiplocele [en-ter-ep-ip* '-lo-sll) [< vrepov, intestine ;

kiriirXoOV, caul ; <>/,//,, hernia], llernia in which both

bowel and omentum are involved.
Enterepiplomphalocele ( en-ter-ep-ip-lom-fal' '-o-sll) [iv-
bowel; iiriirXoov, caul; bfupaXdg, navel; a/,///.

hernia]. Umbilical hernia, with protrusion of the

omentum.
Enteric (en-ler'-ik) [ewe/M/oJc ; eVrepo»>,J)owel]. Per

taining to the intestines. E. Fever, typhoid fever.

To demonstrate bacilli of enteric fever see Guffkv s

Method and fVoodhead's Method, under Stains, Table

"/■

Enterischiocele [en-ter-is' '-ke-o-sll) [ivrepov, intestine;
\a\im\ ischium; *///-//, hernia]. Intestinal hernia
through the great sciatic notch.

Enteritic [en-ter-itf -ik) [ivrepov, bowel; trig, inflam-
mation]. Relating to enteritis.

Enteritis [en-ter-i' '-tis) [ivrepov, bowel; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the small intestine. E.,
Chronic Exudative. Synonym of £., Pseudo-mem-
branous. E., Membranous. Synonym of E., Pseudo-
membranous. E., Pellicular. Synonym of E., Pseudo-
membranous. E., Pseudo-membranous, a non-
febrile affection of the bowel, consisting in a peculiar,
and usually persistent, morbid condition of the in
tinal mucous membrane, marked by the periodic
formation of viscous, shreddy, or tubular exudates
composed chiefly of mucin, on the discharge of which
temporary amelioration of the accompanying acute
digestive and nervous symptoms occurs. The disease
appears mainly in middle life and usually in females.

Entero- [en'-ter-o-) [ivrepov, bowel]. A prefix denot-
ing relation to the intestines.

Entero-anastomosis [en/-ter-o-an-as-to-mo,-sis) [ivre-
pov, bowel ; avaoTOfibetv , to bring to a mouth]. The
surgical creation of an anastomosis between two parts of
the intestine ; or the union of two parts of the intes-
tine after the excision of a segment.

Enterobrosis [en-ter-o-brof -sis) [ivrepov, bowel ; 0po>-
mr, an eating]. Perforation or ulceration of the in-
te>tine.

Enterocele [enf -ter-o-sil \\ivrepov, bowel ; s ////,■, tumor].
A hernia containing a loop of intestine. E., Rectal,
having a covering of the rectal wall. E., Vaginal,
having a covering of the vaginal wall.

Enterocentesis [en-ter-o-sen-te1 '-sis) [ivrepov, intestine;
Kfonv/Oig, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the intestine.

Enterochlorophyl(,y//-Aywi-/£/</-;-«:/// >| i repov, bowel;
l>i. i, mi-, yellowish-green; oi'/'/ov, a leaf], Mac
Munn's term for a chlorophyl found by him in the
so-called livers of many invertebra

Enterocholecystostomy i en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-tosf -to-m )
[irrni'T, bowel; X"''/- bile; K&OTIC, cyst; Ordua,
mouth]. Same as Cholecystenterostomy.

Entero-cholecystotomy [en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-totf-o-me).
Same as Cholecystenterotomy .

Enterocleisis [en-ter-o-klis' '-is) [ivrepov, bowel ; «■'
a closing], < Icclusion of the bowel.

Enteroclysis {en-ter-ok' -lis-is) [ivrepov, bowel ; kXvoic,,
a drenching]. Injection of nutrient material into
the intestine in cholera, collapse, etc. ; more generally,
any rectal enema or clyster.

Enteroclyster [en-ter-o-klis' -ter) [ivrepov, bowel ; tcMiff-
fia, a clyster], A rectal clyster or enema.

ENTERO-COL] I IS

!••!»

IN I ER< >ST< >MY

Entero-colitis (en-ler-o-ko-li'-tis) [evrepov, bowel;

k6%ov, the colon; tr<f, inflammation]. Inflammation

of the small intestine and of the colon.
Enterocystocele (en-ter-o-sis/ -to-sil ) [evrepm , intestine ;

Kvanr, bladder; */////, tumor]. Hernia involving the
urinary bladder and the intestine.

Enterodynia [en-ter-o-din1 '-e-ah) [evrepov, bowel;
bdvvr], pain]. Pain referred to the intestines.

Entero-epiplocele [en/-ter-o-e-pip/-lo-sil). See Enter-
epiplocele.

Enterogastritis [en-ter-o-gas-tri' '-lis) [evrepov, intes-
tine; yatrH/p, belly; vrtq, inflammation]. Inllamma-
tion of the stomai h and intestine.

Enterogastrocele [en-tei -o gas'-tro-sil \ m , bowel;

yaorr/p, belly; *'/'"/, tumor]. A hernia containing
the gastric and intestinal walls ; abdominal hernia.

Enterography (en-ter-og/ -ra-fe) [evrepov, intestine;
ypdpe/v, to write]. A treatise on or a description of
the intestines.

Enterohematin 1,7/7. r-o-ke* '-mat-in) [evrepov, intestine;
atpdnvoq, ol blood]. In biology, a coloring-matter
found in many invertebrates {e.g., the livers of mol-
luscs), the mother-substance of histohematin. It is
the same as the Hemochiomogen and Helicorubin of
Krukenberg.

Enterohemorrhage [en-ter-o-hem/-or-&j) [evrepov, in-
testine ; a) ltd, blood ; pjrpri vat, to burst forth]. Intes-
tinal hemorrhage.

Enterohydrocele (en-ter-o-ki' '-dro-sBl) [evrepov, intes-
tine ; iidup, water; vifkq, hernia]. Hydrocele compli-
cated with intestinal hernia.

Entero-ischiocele (en-ter-o-isf-ke-o-sel) [evrepov, intes-
tine ; iox'iov, ischium; k///.i/, tumor]. Same as Enter-
is chiocele .

Enterolith [en' ' -ter-o-lith) [evrepov, bowel ; ?if)oc, a
stone]. A concretion formed in the digestive-tube.

Enterolithiasis (en-ter-o-lith-i' '-as-is) [evrepov, bowel ;
TuBiaaig, the formation of calculi]. The formation of
intestinal calculi.

Enterology (en-ter-ol'-o-je) [evrepov, bowel; Myog,
science]. The science of the intestinal viscera ; the
anatomy, physiology, pathology, and hygiene of the
intestines.

Enteromalacia (en-ler-o-mal-a'-se-ak ) [evrepov, bowel ;
mi? a Kin, softness]. Pathologic softening of the bowel-
walls.

Enteromenia (en-ter-o-me/ -ne-ak) [evrepov, bowel ; pfp>,
month]. Vicarious menstruation by the bowel.

Enteromerocele {en-ter-o-me' -ro-sel ) [evrepov, bowel ;
ut,por, thigh ; k/'/'/j/, hernia]. Femoral hernia involv-
ing the intestine.

Enteromesenteric (en-ter-o-mez-en-ter'-ik ) [evrepov,
bowel; peaoc, middle; evrepov, bowel]. Pertaining
to the intestine and the mesentery.

Enteron (en'-ter-on) [ivrepov, intestine: />/., Entera\.
I. The intestinal or alimentary canal, exclusive of
those parts that are of ectodermal origin. 2. The
intestine.

Enteroncus [en-ter-ongf -kus) [evrepov, bowel; bywoq,
mass]. A tumor of the bowel.

Enteroneuria [en-ter-o-nu'-re-ah ) [evrepov, intestine ;
vevpov, nerve]. An intestinal disease dependent upon
some neurosi-.

Enteropathy (en-ter-opr -ath-e) [evrepov, bowel; iraBoq,
disease]. Any disease of the intestines.

Enteroperistole (en-ter-o-per-is/ -to-le) [evrepov, bowel;
Trepinm'/ r, , a winding about]. I. Peristaltic motion
of the bowels. 2. Any constrictive obstruction of
the intestinal-tube.

Entero-peritonitis (en-ter-o-per-it-on-i'-tis) [evrepov,
bowel; rreplTovcuov , the peritoneum; trie, inflamma-
tion]. Combined inflammation of the intestines and

adjacent peritoneum; inflammation of the peritoneal
coat ot tin- mi' -tine.

Enteropexia {en-ter-o-peksf -e-ah) [ - bowel;

■ , fixation], fixation of a portion of the n
nil.- to the abdominal wall, for the relief oi enterop-
tosis, splam hnoptosis, etc.

Enterophlogia | '-je-ak) \ . bowel;

fkoyia, a burning]. Synonym of Acute Intestinal
C 'atarrh.

Enterophlogosis (en-ter-o-pZt ' [evrepov, bowel ;

(p/\6yuoic, a burning] . Synonym of A cult Int. final
Catarrh.

Enterophthisis [en-ter-off* -tkis-is) [evrepov, bowel;
-'<;, wasting]. Intestinal tuberculosis.

Enteroplastic | i <-plas/-lik) | - bowel;

-'/ unrihor, formed]. Pertaining t<> enteroplasty.

Enteroplasty (en'-ter-o-plas-ti [evrepm . bowel ; -'/or,-
nuv, to form]. Any plastii operation upon the intes-
tine to repair injuries of its walls.

Enteroplegia (en-ter-o-ple/-je-ak) [ivrepov, bowel;
_///;//, a stroke]. Paralysis of the bowels.

Enteroplex (en' -ter-o-pleks) [ - . bowel; KAiljeiv,
to interlace]. See Enteroplexia.

Enteroplexia, or Enteroplexy (en-ter-o-pleks' '-e-ah, or
en' '-ter-o-pleks- e) [hrepov, intestine; ~/:^m , to inter-
lace]. A method of treatment of wounds of the in-
testine in which union of the bowel i- obtained by
different means, but particularly by an apparatus, the
enteroplex , without the use of needle and thread. The
enteroplex is formed of two aluminum rings so con-
structed that they will tit the one into the other.
These are inserted into the cut ends of the bowel,
and then the two are pressed together, the intestinal
walls being brought into apposition.

Enteroproctia [en-ter-o-prok' -she-ak) [evrepov, intes-
tine; —puKn'j*, anus] . The existence of an artificial
anus, or of an opening into the bowel for fecal dis-
charge.

Enteroptosis (en-ter-op-to'-sis) [evrepov, bowel : — cifftc,
a fall]. Glenard's term for a combination of neuras-
thenia with gastro-intestinal disturbance and prolapse
of the abdominal organs, particularly the transverse
colon, with looseness of the mesenteric and peritoneal
attachments. It is also called Splanchnoptosis.

Enterorrhagia (en-ter-or-a' -je-ah) [ivrepov, bowel ;
jyrryvvvai, to burst forth]. Intestinal hemorrhage.
Excessive discharge of any kind from the intestine.

Enterorrhaphy (oi-tcr-or'-a-fe) [evrepov, bowel; pafij,
suture]. Suture, or stitching, of the intestine.

Enterorrhea (en-ter-or-e'-ak) [evrepov, intestine; poiu,
a flow]. Diarrhea.

Enterorrhexis [en-ter-or-eks'-is) [evrepov, bowel ; p'/iic,
rupture]. Rupture of the bowel.

Enterosarcocele (en-ter-o-sar/-ko-sel) [evrepov, intes-
tine; onpS, flesh ; ki/'/tj, a hernia]. Intestinal hernia
with sarcocele.

Enterosepsis (en-ter-o-sepf -sis) [i - >owel; oi,

putrefaction]. Intestinal toxemia or sep>i>. A con-
dition of unusual activity in tin- contents of the intes-
tinal canal, by which the ptomaines of putrefaction are.
produced in such manner, or in such quantity, that they
are absorbed and give rise to a state of intoxication.

Enterosis (en-ter-o,-sis) [evrepov, bowel ; - . di>-
ease : pi. , Enteroses\ Any intestinal disease.

Enterostenosis (fn-ter-o-ste-no'-sis) [evrepov, bowel;
-- vuoiq, contraction]. Stricture or narrowing of the
intestinal canal. •

Enterostomy [en-ter-os* '-to-me) [evrepov, bowel ; aropa,
mouth]. Incision and suture of the small intestine to
the abdominal wall for introduction of food by this
artificial mouth, in case of impossibility of food-
entrance bv the normal route.

1 N ["EROTERATOMA

130

ENTOPLASTIC

Enteroteratoma
bowel; monster; bua, tumor] A solid tumor

of the umbilicus in new-born infants, composed ol the
remain- of the omphalic du
Enterotome . bowel

cutting]. The name ol various instruments used in
cutl on the intestine.

Enterotomy • bowel

to cut]. In anatomj ol the L

tine.
Enterozoon , intestine ; ."..<"<■, an

animal ' "' I,u' intestine.

Entheomam.i inspired;

Mania in which the patient belii
himself to be >us insanity.

Enthetic . to put in]. I

du ii without: applied especial!

ific contagious diseases. The

list of enthi given by Dr. Hartshorne, in

in of Medicine," is as follows : I.

< >nly produced by contact >>r inoculation — primary

i iuia, hydrophobia. -. < 'on-
by atmospheric transmission through short
id, varicella, measles,
diphtheria, scarlatina, rdtheln, mumps, whooping
ius, relapsing fever. 3. Endemic, occa-
tdemic — malarial fever, dengue, yellow
4. The zymotic or enthetic diseases — influ-
enza rospinal fever, erysipelas, puerperal fever,
tropica] dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, plague.
Entiris ■>::. . within ; ipi$, rainbow]. The
uvea of the iris, forming its inner and pigmentary
la;.
Entoblast | '. ' ['■-■-. within; .V/anror, a
bud, germ]. In biology, the nucleolus or germinal
■ a histologic cell. Cf. Endoplastule.
Entobliquus . within; obliquus,
lique]. The obliquus internus muscle of the abdo-
'e of.
Entobranchiate [en-to-brang> '-ke-at) \evt6q, within;
gills]. In biology, having internal or con-
ed branchia.
Entocarotid [en-to-kar-of -itt) [trnii;, within; kc
The internal carotid artery. See A

Entocele | [kvr6g, within; Ki//:,, hernia].

Interna! hernia ias through the diaphragm) ; ectopia ;
morbid displacement of an internal organ.
Entoceliac, or Entocelian %k, or en-to-

se'-U rithin; KoiXia, hollow]. Situated

within a ivity or ventricle.

Entochoroidea, 1 >r Entochorioidea [en-to- ko-roi'-d*
or - . .'. ithin ; like a

'" r lining of the choroid mem-

bl up mainly of capillaries.

Entocinerea ,. , within ; ciner-

••]. Cineritious or gray brain-substance sur-
■ram and spinal cord.
Entocondylar iil-ar) \tvr6q, within;

Pertaining to an inner condyle,
Entocondyle [en-to- within; K6v6v7uoq,

a 1 An inner condyle, as of the hum*

mur.
Entoconid .within; Kwvof, cone],

ner ai* .r cusp of a lower molar

h.
Entocornea within; corneus,

horny]. That par- membrane that

lin-'s ind adJ mea.

Entocuneiform within ;

i The

Entocyte [en'-io-slt) \hvr6q, within; kvtoq, cell]. The

contents of a cell, including nucleus, nucleolus, granu-
lations, etc.

Entoderm [enf-to-demi) [evnJc, within; 6kppa, skin].
Same as Endoderm.

Entoectad [en-to-ek* -tad) [evrdc, within; ktcrdg, exter-
nal ; ad, to], from within outward.

Entogastric [en-to-gas' '-trik) [p>r6q, within; yaarijp,
stomach]. Relating to the interior oi the Stomach.

Entoglossal \en-to-glos' -al) [_.•' rr"< • within; yTvuaoa,
tongue]. Situated within the tongue.

Entogluteus [en-to-glu-te* '-us) [cvrtfc, within; yXovrdg,
the rump]. The gluteus minimus muscle. See Mus-
cles, Tabic of.

Entojugular Vein [en-to-ju' '-gu-lar) \kvr6q, within;
jugular, a little yoke]. The internal jugular vein.
See / in.

Entomere [enf -to-mtr) \hvr6q, within ; (itpog, a part].
In embryology, one of the cells forming the center
of the mass of blastomeres in the developing mam-
malian ovum, the outer blastomeres being called
ectomeres.

Entomion [en-to* -me-on) [h'rofiq, notch]. See Cranio-
metric Points.

Entomogenous [en-to-mof '-en-us) \ivrofiov, an insect;
yevqc, produced]. In biology, applied to fungi growing
upon or within insects. Cf. Entomophytous.

Entomography [en-to-mog1 '-ra-fe) [evro/iov, an insect;
ypayziv, to write]. A written treatise on insects.

Entomology [en-to-mol'-o-je) [evrofiov, insect; Xiyeiv,
to speak]. That department of zoology devoted to
the description of insects.

Entomophilous ( en-to-moff' '-il-us ) [evrofiov, insect ;
oi'f-iuv, to love]. Insect-loving or insect-attracting. E.
Flowers, (lowers attracting insects by their secretions
and thus securing cross fertilization through the insects
that carry the pollen to other flowers.

Entomophytous [en-to-motf '-it-its) [>V™mr, insect;
'•" "'"', grown]. In biology, applied to fungi that
grow upon or within the bodies of insects. Cf. Ento-
mogenous.

Entomosis [en-to-mt/sis) [hrrofwv, insect ; v6ooc, dis-'
ease]. Any disease due to parasitic insects.

Entomotaxy [en-to-mo-taks' r-e) \_i rrounv, insect ; raftf,
arrangement]. The systematic preparation and
arrangement of insects.

Entomotomy [en-to-mof '-o-me) \evro[iov, insect; ro/iij,
a cutting]. Insect anatomy.

Entomozoaria [en-to-mo-zo-a' -re-ah) \bno}iav, an in-
sect; ,'<.>'r, a living being]. A type of bilateral
animals nearly equivalent to the Arthropoda.

Entonia [en-to' -ne-ah) [ivrovia, tension]. Rigidity or
tension of a voluntary muscle; tonic spasm.

Entonic [en-ton' -ik) [evrovia, tension]. Characterized
by entonia, or by violent tonic spasm.

Entoparasite [en-to-par' '-as-it) \_£vt6q, within; iraaa-
aiT'n . parasite]. An internal parasite ; an entozoan
or entophyte.

Entopectoralis [en-to-pek-tor-a' '-lis) \evr6q, within;
pectoralis, of the breast]. The pectoralis minor mus
cle. See Muscles, Tail

Entoperipheral [en-to-per-if -er-at) \_h-<'>c, within;
irepttykpetv, to carry around]. Originating or situated
within, and not upon the periphery.

Entophthalmia [en-toff-thal* '-me-ah) [evrdc, within;
'<", a disease of the eyes]. Inflammation ol
the internal parts of the eyeball.

Entophyte n' to-fit) [evrdq, within; <pvrov, a plant].
An in tenia I parasite oi vegetable nature ; as a schizo-
ium.

Entoplastic [en-to-plas' -tik) [evrdq, within; ■xhaaouv,
to form]. Same as Endoplastic.

ENTOPLASTRON

4:51

EPEXIA MAI.

Entoplastron [en-to-plas* '-iron) [evnJc, within ; plastron,
a breastplate: //. , Entoplastra\ In biology, tin-
internal clavicular scute, or anterior median piece of
the plastron of a chelonian.

Entoptic [en-top? -tik) [evnSc, within; birriicdg, pertain-
ing to vision]. Pertaining to the internal parts of the
eye. E. Phenomena, visual phenomena caused by
peculiarities or imperfections of the eye itself, sueh as
muscce volitantes.

Entoptoscopic [en-top-to-skop* -ik) [kvrdg, within ; uxf/,
eye; oKoirtiv, to inspect]. Relating to entoptoscopy.

Entoptoscopy [en-top-tos' -ko-pe) [evroc, within ;
eye; oiumeiv, to inspect]. The investigation or
observational study of tin interior of the eye, or of
the shatlows within the eye.

Entorectomy [en-tor ek'-to-me) \jtvrepov, bowel ; kicroftfy,
excision]. Resection of a diseased portion of the bowel.

Entoretina (en-to-ref '-in-ah) [evnic, within ; retina,
retina]. The innermost layer of the retina, itself com-
posed of five layers, and an inner limiting membrane.

Entorrhagia [en-tor-a' -je-ah) \kvr6q, within; p//)i'vvai,
to burst forth]. Internal hemorrhage.

Entosternite \en-to-ster,-nlt). See Endosternite.

Entosthoblast (en-tos/ -tho-blast) \tvdoaBe, from within ;
P?mot6q, germ]. The supposed nucleus of a nucle-
olus.

Entostosis, or Entosteosis (en-tos-to'-sis, -tos-te-o* -sis)
[evrdf, within; boreov, bone]. An osseous growth
within a medullary cavity.

Entotic {en-tot,-ik) [iiroe, within ; o!x, ear]. Pertain-
ing to the internal ear. E. Phenomena, sounds
caused by abnormalities of the auditory mechanism
itself.

Entotriceps { en-tot f-re-seps) \tvr6c, within; rpric,
three; KF<t>a/r/, head]. The internal head or division
of the triceps muscle of the arm.

Entozoal [en-to-zo' -al) \kvr6g, within ; C,£.or, an animal].
Caused by or dependent upon entozoa.

Entozoon [en-to-zo' -on) \_kvr6g, within ; £wov, an ani-
mal: //. , Entozoa\ An animal parasite living within
another animal.

Entrails {en'-trels) [M.E., entraile~\. The bowels and
abdominal viscera.

Entropium [en-tro'-pe-uni). See Entropion.

Entropion.

Entropion [en-tro'-pe-ori) [kv, in; rprrretv, to turn].
Inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against
the globe of the eye, producing inflammation, pannus,
etc. It may be cicatricial, organic, or spa-tie in origin.
E., Superciliary, the incurvation of the hairs of the
eyebrow into the palpebral fissure and against the
conjunctiva, causing the same symptom- as are present
in ordinary entropion.

Enucleation {e-nu-kle-a* -shun) \e, out of; nucleus, a
kernel]. The operation of exsecting or shelling out
from its seat or capsule a tumor, etc. E. of Eye,
excision of the eyeball from the orbit.

Enucleator [e-nu' -kle-a-tor) \e, out of; nucleus, a ker-
nel]. An instrument used in performing enucleation.

Enuresis (en-u-re/-sts) [tvm incontinent of

urine]. Incontinence ol urine. A frequenl affection
of early childhood, due to a variety of pathologic con
ditions, including the presence ol ascarides, phimi
and vulvitis. E. nocturna, involuntary emptying of
the bladdei during sleep.

Envelop \enf-vel-dp) [Fr. , enveloppe~\. An investing
membrane, or laj ei -

Environment [en-vi' -ron-ment) [Fr. environner, to
surround]. The totality of influences acting upon
the organism from without. See.. n, Factors of.

Enzootic [en-zo-of -ik) [ev, in, or among; C£ov, animal].
Affecting beasts in a certain district ; as an enzodtic
disease.

Enzooty [en-zof -o-te) \kv, in, among; £wov, an animal].
An enzooti" dis<

Enzyme [en'-zlm) \iv, in; 0 »/,, leaven]. I. Kiihne's
name for the soluble ferments. 2. An) ferment formed
within the living organism. 3. Any chemic or hydro
lytic ferment, a- distinguished from organized i< 1
ments, such as yeast. Enzymes are most a<
between 300 and 350 ('., and are destroyed by boiling.

Enzymic (en-zi'-mik) [ev, in ; *i u//, leaven]. The na-
ture of the ai tion of an enzyme.

Enzymosis (en-zi-mo/-sis) \iv, in; C','"7, leaven]. The
action of an enzyme.

Enzymotic {en-zi-motr-ik) \h>, in; -'»//, leaven]. Per-
taining to enzymes.

Eonosos, or Eonosus [e-on/-o-sos, or -sus) \j]UQ, morn-
ing; pocroc, illness]. See Morning Sickness.

Eosin (V-0-.w/) \tjuo, the dawn], C20H8Br4O5. Tetra-
bromfluorescein ; an important dye produced by the ac-
tion of bromin on fluorescein suspended in glacial
acetic acid. It occurs in red or yellowish-red crystals,
and is used as a stain in histology. See Fuchsin. E.
colors. Set Pigments, Conspectus of.

Eosinophile [e-o-sinf-o-fil )\eosin from que, dawn; tpiheiv,
to love]. In bacteriology and histology, applied to mi-
crobes or histologic elements showing a peculiar affin-
ity for eosin-stain.

Eosinophilous (e-o-sin-off'-il-us) [#wc, dawn ; m'/ieiv,
to love]. Staining readily with eosin. Applied to
certain granules in the lymphoid blood-cells that stain
with acid anilin-dyes.

Epactal [e-pak'-tal ) \knaKx6q, brought in]. Interca-
lated ; supernumerary ; Wormian. E. Cartilages.
See CartiLi

Epanetus [e-panf -et-us) [kiraveroc, relaxing]. Remittent
fever.

Epanisognathous [ep-an-is-og' -na-thus) [tiri, upon ;
ananc, unequal; yvaffoq, jaw]. In biology, having
the upper teeth narrower than the lower ones.

Epapophysis [ep-ap-off'-is-i?) \t~i. upon ; . ap-

ophysis]. A median process placed dorsad of the
centrum of a vertebra.

Eparterial [ep-ar-te' -re-al) [eni, upon ; . artery].

Situated above an artery.

Epaxial [ep-aksf -e-al) [}:~i, on ; axes, axis]. Situated
or extending over an axis.

Epencephal [ep-en/-sef-al). See- Epencephalon.

Epencephalic [ep-en-sef-aV -ik) \}~i, on; iyniqa~/.oc,
brain]. Pertaining to the epencephalon.

Epencephalon [ep-en-seff-al-on) \tiri, on; tyidipaXog,
brain]. The after-brain or hind-brain; the cerebel-
lum and pons taken together; or. as some define it.
the cerebellum, pirns, and oblongata taken together.

Ependyma [e-pen* -dim-ah) \hrevAvfia, an upper gar-
ment]. The lining membrane of the cerebral ventri-
cles and of the central canal of the spinal cord ;
endyma.

Ependymal [e-pen' '-dim-al) \k^kv&vfia, an upper gar
ment]. Pertaining to the ependyma.

! N M'VMI 1 IS

132

EPICYESIS

Ependymitis dim-i'-t in upper

garmei inflammation]. Inflammation of the

ndyma,

Ephebic iging to puberty].

ah. adol . or puberty.

Ephebology , youth;

science]. . youth, adolescence, and

puberty.
Ephedra a seat] A

mts wuh lour \. Ameri
ral S Vm in, and many other specie

E. antisyphilitica. and E. trifurca, of

■ used in gonorrhea, urethritis, and

|eu E. andina, of S.

Ai .1 E. distachia or vulgaris), E. equi-

setina, E. flava, E. fragilis. and E. monostachya,

of the. ..Id world, have similar properties.

Ephednn i -■ at]. The

principle . proposed as a

mydriatic bj Nagai. It i- a cardiac depressant and

harmless mj f the hydrochlorate in

Jiij distilled water. For instillation

gtt

Ephclis . wart : //.,

A freckle. See Lett,
Ephemera . daily]. The

nai i physicians to short and slight

in the lying-in period.

l'h of frequent occurrence, and of

y indicated a small amount of

tion. E. maligna. See Anglicus sudor.

Ephemeral . living a day].

try. Applied to fevers that pass away in a

Ephesis ,a longing]. A. longing; lust.

Ephialtes ^<,upon; ld'/./.ur,

to leap].
Ephidrosis [■■-'. upon; 'trfpuotg, sweat-

). Perspiration. See Hyperidrosis. E. cruenta,
Hemat, E. flava, yellow

E. lactea, white or milky sweat. E. nigra,
\,\ i E. tincta. See Chromidrosis. E.

viridis. greenish s'W
Ephippium saddle-cloth; eiri,

on Ephippid\. I. Same as Sella

iti' z. In biology saddle-shaped capsules

from the • of adult cladocera, and con-

taining the winter (or ephippial) i
Epian [lr., a raspberry]. The yaw-;

Epiblast [eiri, upon; sprout].

r layer of th derm, called,

si- . nor new ",from which

nervous system and epidermal
tissues, includin ithelium of the sense-organ-.

Epiblema .to throw;

ik]. In biology, the imper
in submerged plants and on

Epibole

Epibolv •.,, , t,, throw].

I" 1 by Salenka to indicate

by the overgrowth

Epibranchia. .upon; (Ipayxia,

pi's]. :., various structures ;

thai ... irms

ier; the t< rminal
Don i a bird,

Epibulbar bulbus,

bulb] ,,,,

ulbar tut.

Epicalyx (ep-e-ka'-liks) [hri, upon; mi'/r;, calyx: />/.,
icalyces\ In biology, an involucre resembling an
exterior or accessory calyx.

Epicanthis (ep-e-kan'-this) [eirucavdic : pi., Epican-
thides\. See Epicanthus.

Epicanthus [ep-e-kan' '-thus) [eiri, on ; Kavdog, angle of
the eye]. A fold of skin passing from the nose to the
eyebrow over the inner canthus of the eye.

Epicardium (ep-e-kar* -de-um\ [eiri, upon ; ttapdia,
heart]. 1 he visceral layer of the pericardium.

Epicarp (efZ-e-karp) [eiri, upon ; Kapirdg, fruit]. In
biology, the outer >kin of a fruit.

Epicele, Epiccele (<•/>' i-sll) [eiri, upon; KotAia, belly],
i. In biology, applied to such a body-cavity a- that
of vertebrates or that represented by the atrium of an
ascidium. 2. The cephalic portion of the fourth ven-
tricle, constituting th'- cavitj ol tin- epencephal.

Epicentral (ep-e-sen' -tral ) [eiri, upon ; /.. vrpov, center].
In biology, adhering to a vertebra] centrum, a- some
of the scleral spines in the herring.

Epicerebral [ep-e-ser'-e-bral) [eiri, upon; cerebrum,
the brain]. Situatedover or on the cerebrum; a- the
epicerebral space between the brain and the pia.

Epichilium (ep-e-kilf -e-um) [eiri, upon; ^etKoq, lip,
brim: />/. , Epickilia}. In biology, applied to the
upper portion of the lip of an orchid.

Epichorion {ep-e-ko' -re-ori) [eiri, upon; %6piov, tne
chorion], i. The decidua reflexa. 2. The epidermis.

Epiclidium lep-e-klid' '-e-um) [eiri, upon ; itkeidtov,
clavicle: pi. , Epiclidid]. In biology, a separate ossi-
fication of the distal end of the clavicle in birds ; ac-
cording to l'arker it represents the precoracoid of rep-
tile-.

Epiclinal {ep-e-kli'-nat) [eiri, upon; kXIvij, abed]. In
biology, placed upon the receptacle.

Epiccelia {ep-e-se' -le-ah). See Epicele.

Epicoma, Epicomus or Epicome [e-pik? -o-mah,
r-pik'-o-mus, e-pik' -o-me) [eiri, upon ; Kdfiif, hair]. A
parasitic monstrosity having an accessory head united
to the principal fetus by the summit.

Epicondylar [ep-e-konf -dil-ar) [eiri, upon ; K&vdvXog, a
condyle]. Relating to an epicondyle.

Epicondyle (ep-e-kon' '-dil~\ [eiri, upon ; k6v6vaoc, a
condyle]. I. Any supracondylar eminence upon a
bone, as the humerus. 2. Less correctly, the external
condyle of the humerus.

Epicondylo - cubitalis (cp-e-kon'-dil-o - ku-bit-a1 '-lis)
[eiruiovSvhog, an epicondyle ; cubitum, the elbow].
The anconeus muscle. See Muscles, Table of.

Epicondylo-radialis {ep-e-konf -dU-o-ra-de-a' -lis) [i iri-
k6vAi>'/.o(;, an epicondyle ; radius, the radius]. The
supinator brevis muscle. See Muscles, Table of.

Epicotyl [ep-e-kof '-it) [/->', on ; kdtvAt/6&v, a cup-shaped
hollow (cotyledon)]. In biology, the stem of a young
plant between the cotyledons and the lowest true lea\ es.

Epicranial {ep-e-kra' '-ne-al) [eiri, upon; Kpaviov, the
cranium]. Relating to the epicranium.

Epicranium [ep-e-kra' '-ne-um) [It/, upon; Kpaviov,
cranium]. The structures covering the cranium.

Epicrisis [ep-e-kri' '-sis) [eir'utpiois, determination]. The
phenomena of disease succeeding the crisis; a sec-
ondary crisis.

Epicrusis (ep-e-kru'-sis) [eiri, upon; Kpavauc, stroke].
I. Massage by strokes or blows; percussion; thera-
peutic scourging.

Epicyemate [ep-e-si-e' '-mSt) [/-■', upon; Ki'r/un, an

embryo]. In embryology, applied to that form of

development in which the embryo remains outside and

ove the yolk-vesicle. It is characteristic of li>lies

and bati

Epicyesis (ep-e-si-e' -sis) [eiri, over; Kvkecv, to be preg-
nant]. Superfetation.

KI'KVS'I [C

i:;:;

EPIGU ill IIMTI>

Epicystic (ep-e-sis'-tik) [ktri, upon; icixmg, bladder].
Suprapubic; situated above the urinary bladder.

Epicystitis (ep-e-sis-ti' tis\ [eiri, upon ; Kvortg, bladdei ;
mr, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues

above the bladder.
Epicystotomia (ep-e-sis-to-to1 '-me-ah). Same as Epi-
cystotomy.

Epicystotomy (ep-e-sis-tot' -o-me) [ini, upon; kvotic,
a bladder; ri/iveiv,to cut]. Suprapubic incision of
the bladder.

Epicyte (ep'-e-sit) [i~i. upon ; m rot , cell]. The cell-
wall or hyaline cuticle of cells.

Epidemesis (ep-e-dem-e' 'sis) \iiri6i)(ii]Ou;~\. Same as
Epidemic

Epidemia (ep-e-de1 '-me-ah) [kirtdq/iia, an epidemic].
Any epidemic disease, or epidemic of disease. E.
puerorum. Synonym of Whooping-cough.

Epidemic (ep-e-dem' -ik) [eiri, upon ; <*//."'".'» people].
A term applied to diseases that involve large numbers
of persons, or spread over a wide area, in contra-
distinction to Endemic.

Epidemicity (ep-e-dem- is' -it-e) [it/, upon; <b//ioc, a
people]. The quality of being epidemic.

Epidemiography (ep-e-de-me-og* '-ra-fi ) [«n(%tfoc,
epidemic ; ypdfeiv, to write], A description of epidemic-
diseases.

Epidemiologic (ep-e-dem-e-o-loj1 '^ik\ [emUiifuor, epi-
demic; /.d; oc, science]. Relating to epidemiology.

Epidemiology (ep-e-dem-e-ol' -o-je) [kiridJ/fuog, epidemic;
'/nyoc, science]. The science of epidemic diseases.

Epiiemy {ep/-e-dem-e). See Epidemia.

Epiderm (ep'-e-derm). See Epidermis.

Epiderma (ep-e-der' '-mail) [i~i, upon ; Heppa, skin :

. pi., Epidermata~\. Any abnormal outgrowth from
the epidermis.

Epidermal (ep-e-der'-mal) [eiri, upon ; (ttpfia, skin].
Relating to or composed of epiderm.

Epidermatic, Epidermic (ep-e-der-mat'-ik, -der'-mik)
\_f~i, upon ; Sipfia, skin]. Relating to the epidermis.
E. Method, a method of administering medicinal
substances by applying them to the skin. It is also
called Iatraliptic method.

Epidermatoid (ep-e-der' -mat-oid) \hiri, upon ; 6ep/ia,
skin ; e/rfoc, likeness]. Resembling the epidermis.

Epidermic (ep-e-der' -mik). Same as Epidermatic. E.
Erythema. SeeAcrodynia. E. Globes. See Can-
cer-nests. E. Grafting. See Reverdin's Operation
in Operations, Table of. E. Pearls. See Cell-nests.

Epidermidomycosis (ep-e-der' '-mid-o-mi-ko' '-sis) [i ~t-
depfiic, epiderm ; uvw/c, fungus], A disease due to the
growth of parasitic fungi upon the skin.

Epidermin (ep-e-der' '-min) SJ~>. upon ; ftipua, skin].
A base for ointments prepared by melting one-half
ounce of white wax in a warm mortar and triturating
with this one-half ounce of powdered gum arabic
until a homogeneous paste is obtained. To this is
added a boiling mixture of one-half ounce each of
water and glycerin and the whole is stirred until cold.
Epidermin, thus prepared, is a semi-fluid, creamy sub-
stance, which, when exposed to the air in a thin layer,
forms a strongly adherent, flexible pellicle or coating.
When medicaments are to be added they are always
previously rubbed up in glycerin.

Epidermis (ep-e-der' -mis) [eTt, upon ; 6ip/ia, the skin].
The outer layer of the skin. The scarf-skin, consist
ing of a layer of horny cells, that protects the true skin.
It has neither blood-vessels nor nerve-filaments. E.,
Appendages of, a generic name for the hair, nails,
etc., growing from the epiderm.

Epidermization (ep-e-der-miz-a' -shun) [imAepftiQ, epi-
derm]. I. The formation of epiderm. 2. Skin-
grafting.
28

Epidermolysis (ep-e-der-molf -is-is) [en epiderm;

Xvacc, separation], Acantolysis Bullosa; Dermatitis
bullosa; a rare skin-di a which bullae form

upon the slightest pressure. The disease shows ii

in infancy, and oci urs especially upon the hands and
feet. The lesion begins as a red spot, which is itch) ;
in two hours a bulla forms, enlarges, and then gradu-
ally subsides, drying into a scale. It is most pro

- nounced in summer.

Epididymal, or Epididymic iid'-em-al, -im-ik)

['-/, upon; didvfwi, the testes]. Relating to the
epididymis.

Epididymis (fp-e-did'-im-is) [i~i, upon; Sldvfiot, the
testes]. The small body lying above th<
The superior end is the gl . the inferior,

the globus minor.

Epididymitis (ep-e-did-im-i' '-lis) [IfivrMtyz/c, epididy-
mis ; tnr, inflammation]. Inflammation of the epi-
didymis.

Epidosis (e-pid' -o-sis) [t-nVinic]. Enlargement ; in-
crease ; exacerbation.

Epidrome (e-pid' -ro- me) \i.nidpofi(], a running upon].
Active, or (more often) passive, congestion.

Epidural (ep-e-du'-ral) [•", upon; dunes, hard].
Upon or over the dura. E. Space, the space outside
the dura mater of the spinal cord anci brain.

Epifolliculitis (ep-e-fol-ik-u-li'-tis) \j~ . upon; follicu-
lus, a follicle; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation
seated about the hair-follicles of the scalp.

Epigamic (ep am'-ik) [ewt, upon; yd/iog, marriage].
In biology, applied to those bright tints and patterns
displayed by many animals during courtship. Cf
Allepigamic.

Epigaster (ep-e-gas'-ter) [eVt, upon; yaoTrjp, belly]
The large intestine ; hindgut.

Epigastralgia (ep-e-gas-tral'-je-ah) \kircyaoTpwv , epi-
gastrium; a/yc, pain], I'ain in the epigastrium.

Epigastric (ep-e-gas' -Irik) [ ~. upon; yaarfip, belly].
Relating to the epigastrium. E. Reflex. See ReJL
Table of.

Epigastrium (ep-e-gas' -tre-uni) \}~i, upon; yao
stomach] . The upper and middle part of the abdom-
inal surface; the epigastric region.

Epigastrius (ep-e-gas' -tre-us) \kxi, upon ; yaorfjp, the
stomach]. A form of double-monstrosity, in which
one fetus in an undeveloped condition is contained
within the epigastric region of the other.

Epigea, or Epigaea (ep-e-je'-ah) [■' ~ . upon; yala,
earth]. A genus of trailing ericaceous plants. E.
repens, trailing arbutus of \. America, has valuable
diuretic properties. See Trailing Arbutus.

Epigeal (ep-e-je' -al) \}~'i. upon; a, the earth].

In biology, growing on or out of the ground, or living
near the surface of the ground.

Epigenesis (ep-i -jen'-es-h \ [erri, upon; , fecig, genera-
tion]. In biology, the theory that holds the embryo
to be the result of the union of the male and female
elements, and the fully formed organism the result of
a gradual process of differentiation, in distinction to
the theory of encasement, preformation, or evolution.
which held the embryo to preexist enfolded in a
minute form within the germ.

Epigenous (e-pij'-en-u ~ . upon ; j , . produced].
In biology, growing upon the surface or upper side of
a leaf or other part, as many fungi. Cf. Epiphyllous.

Epigeous | - i '-us) [e?n, upon; yia, the earth]. In
biology, growing on or near the ground. Same as
Epigeal.

Epiglottic ' iot'-ik) \iiri, upon ; y/orrir. glottis].
Relating to the epiglottis.

Epiglottiditis lot-id-i' -tis) \j-r.7(.nir. epiglottis;

trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of the epiglottis.

lilt i l ( OTIS

134

EPINASTY

Epiglottis upon ; -- . glottis].

A thin ' nous valve that aids in preventing

id .ind drmk from passing into the larynx.

Epiglottitis

Epignathous .upon; aw].

In biolof • billed ; applied to birds in which the

apper b the under half

and is defli • it.

Epignathus .upon; aw].'

vin moi n which the parasite i- united to

ihe - maxillar) bone of the autosite.

Epigonium . upon ! ' ll]-

In ! mm in mosses .iiul Hepa-

e capsul • eloped.

Epigynous .upon; ywq, a woman].

In upon thr o\ ,u \

Epihippic Kever . upon; in

S
Epilation in) [ . out of; pilus, a hair].

on of hair.
Epilatorium urn [L.]. An application for

manently removing hair

Epilatory [/. out of; pi/us, a hair].

i. Extracting the hairs ; depilatory. 2. An epilatorium.

Epilemma [<■'-<. upon; tefifta, husk://.,

:]. The neurilemma of very small

brai funiculi of nerve-filaments.

Epilepsia -ah ). See Epilepsy. E. cur-

siva. S itive. E. gravis. See

E. larvata. See Epilepsy, Masked.

E mitis. - . E. saltatoria. Synonym

of E. vertiginosa. Petit mal, q. v.

Epilepsy ;c, a laying hold of]. A

ner i characterized by sudden loss of con-

r of coordination of motion with

tonic and clonic convulsions, the paroxysms lasting

hut a short time. This form of the disease is the

'• true "' affection, the haut mal or grand mal of the

h. Ihe petit mal {abortive epilepsy, epileptic

. and may consist of only a slight

-. with retained coordination of

■in seizure is a local-

without loss of consciousness.

-hi. An epileptic seizure is often

intr by an aura, a peculiar sensation preceding

the lie seizure, which is quickly followed by

the chart' t'-ri-tic epileptic cry. The origin of the

in all probability a powerful dis-

ch.i oergy from the cortical cerebral cells. The

mon in females, and is influenced

iity and age ; it is rare for it to occur after

Traumatism and severe mental

iting 1 auses. E., Accelerative,

1 .• epilepsy in which the patient runs

own in a tit. E., Acute Infantile,

the eclampsia of infants. E.,

Cardiac, ; la. E., Cortical.

'/. E., Focal. See E . , fack-

E Jacksonian, spasmodic contracti

in :.il disease of

to one-half of the body

E., Masked,

•11 of true epilepsy,

'" n.t fall. E., Partial,

E., Peripheral. Same a.

E., Pleural. S( e Pleural. E.,

Procursive . ,f the body in ~ome

E., Reflex, reflex

E. of the Retina, a temporary anemia

iring an epilepti-

E., Saturnine. avulsions

g. E., Sensory, Hep-

a form of epilepsy in which sensory disturbances
predominate ; it is believed to be due to a lesion of the
..pile thalamus. E., Spinal, paroxysms of clonic spasm
in the lower extremities sometimes observed in the
course of spastic paraplegia. E., Symptomatic. See
, Jacksonian. E., Thalamic. See E., Sensory.
E., Toxic, that induced by toxic substances in the

blood.

Epileptic {rp-i!-ep,-tik) [7 t////i/vi , a laying hold of].
Pertaining to or like epilepsy. Also one affected with
epilepsy. E. Aura. See Aura. E. Cry, the vocal
sound or cry in epilepsy, from laryngeal spasm. E.
Equivalents, instead ol the convulsive attacks in epi-
lepsy there may from time to time be transient psychic
disturbances that consist in states of either excitement
or depression. These are the so-called epileptic equiv-
alents. E. Hemiplegia, sometimes follows the lit,
especially after unilateral convulsions. E. Interval, the
period of time between the epileptic paroxysms. I taring
this period there are in the majority of eases, if not in
all, some abnormal manifestations, as disorders in the
cardiac rhythm, irregularity in the pupils, and cerebral
disorders. E. Mania, slight maniacal tendencies fol-
lowing or taking the place of the lit. E. Seizure.
See Epilepsy. E. State, a state of profound and
sometimes comatose depression, with frequently recur-
ring epileptic attacks, often speedily fatal. E. Ver-
tigo, giddiness is a common sensation of epilepsy, but
is erroneously applied to attacks of minor epilepsy.

Epilepticism {ep-il-epf -tis-izm) [fTi?.^(c, a laying hold
of]. The epileptic state, or status epilepticus.

Epileptiform {cp-il-cp'-tif-orm) [i-ikr^iq, a laying hold
of; forma, form]. Resembling epilepsy in the symp-
toms. E. Tic, a variety of facial neuralgia accom-
panied by spasmodic movements of the face. This
occurs in the degenerative period of life, and espe-
daily in those who present a decided family history
of insanity.

Epileptiginous [ep-il-ep-tij1 '-in-us). Same as Epilepto-
genous.

Epileptogenous {ep-il-ep-tof '-en-us) [eirifajtyic., epilepsy ;
yewav, to produce]. Producing epilepsy. E. Zone,
Brown-Sequard's term for that portion of the skin of
the face and neck of guinea-pigs which, if irritated
after section of the spinal cord near the twelfth dorsal
vertebra, will give rise in a short time to epileptiform
convulsions.

Epileptoid {ep-il-ep* -toid) [kirifaitytq, a laying hold of ;
>)i\i>r, likeness]. I. Resembling epilepsy. 2. A per-
son subject to various nervous attacks of the general
nature of epilepsy.

Epilobium (,p-il-o'-hc urn) [■"'. upon ; %oj36g, a pod, a
lobe]. A genus of herbs including the willow-herb, a
demulcent, tonic, and astringent drug.

Epilose (epS-il-os) \e, priv. ; pilosus, hairy]. Without
hair; bald.

Epilymph [epr -e-limf) [«rt, upon; lympha, water].
The fluid between the bony and the membranous laby-
rinths.

Epimerite (ep-e-me/-rit) [eiri, upon; //>/,»»■, thigh]. In
biology, an anterior, deciduous, probqsi is like, pre-
hi nsile organ, attached to the protomerite or anterioi
segment of a septate gregarine.

Epimeron (,/>-<• -me'-ron [ , - . upon ; u^pdc, thigh]. In
biology, one of the lateral pieces helping to form the
pleuron, or a part of the segment of an arthropod,
often giving attachment to the legs.

Epimylis (e-pim'-il-is) [wrt, over; iii'/r), millstone].
The patella.

Epinasty (ep'-e-nas t | , upon ; ravror, pressed
close] in biology, curvature produced by excessive
growth on the upper side of an extended organ.

KI'INKI'I IRITIS

435

EPISIOHEMAT) >M \

Epinephritis (ep-e-nef ri'/is) [«ri, upon; vcippor, kid-
ney; itis~\. Inflammation of a supra-renal capsule.

Epineural [ep-e-nuf-ral) \_t~i, upon; vevpov, a nerve].
In biology, applied to structures attached to a neural
arch.

Epineurium [ep-e-nu'-re-umS \iiri, upon; i

nerve]. The nerve-sheath, or sheath of any of the
larger fascicles of nerve-tissue.

Epinyctis [ep-in-ikf -tis) \kiri, upon; vi>(-, night]. A
pustule appearing or becoming worse at night.

Epiopticon [ep-e-opr -tik-on) [iirl, upon ; otttiko^, of see-
ing]. In biology, a ganglionic swelling in the optic
nerve of insects (Hickson).

Epiotic [ep-e-of -ik) [kiri , above; oi'c, ear]. Situated
above or on the cartilage of the ear.

Epipastic {ep-e-pas'-tik) [iirnraaoeiv, to sprinkle]. lie-
signed to be sprinkled upon some surface ; sprinkled
with some substance ; applied to plasters sprinkled
with some agent, as cantharides, used as a vesicant.

Epipedometer iep-e-pe-dom'-et-er) [kirmedov, surface ;
fierpov, measure]. An instrument for use in measur-
ing various complex deformities of the body.

Epipetalous [ep-e-pet'-al-us) [cnv, upon ; jreraAov, leaf
or petal]. In biology, applied to stamens or other
structures when borne upon the petals.

Epipharynx {ep-e-far' -inks) [£nv, upon ; (f>dpvy$, pha-
rynx]. In biology, the median projection on the
internal surface of the upper lip of an insect.

Epiphenomenon (ep-e-fe-nom'-en-on) \iiri, on ; <f>ai-
vopevov, phenomenon : pi. , EpiphenomenaX. An ex-
ceptional sequence or unusual complication arising in
the course of a disease.

Epiphora (e-pif -or-ali) \zTzubopa ; iizi, upon ; tiepeiv, to
bear]. A habitual or persistent overflow of tears, due
to over-secretion or impeded outflow through the nor-
mal channels of excretion. Lachrymation, q. v.

Epiphyllous (ep-e-Jil '' '-us) [fvr/, upon ; (pv'AAov, a leaf].
In biology, borne on a leaf, as certain fungi. Cf.
Epigenous.

Epiphyseal, or Epiphysial (ep-e-fiz' -e-al) \iici, upon ;
tyveiv, to grow]. Relating to or of the nature of an
epiphysis.

Epiphyseitis (ep-e-fiz-e-i'-.'is) [kir'ufmoig, an epiphysis ;
iriq, inflammation]. Inflammation of an epiphysis,
or of the epiphyseal part of a bone.

Epiphysis [e-pif f-is-is) [kni, upon ; (t>veiv, to grow]. A
process of bone attached for a time to another bone
by cartilage, but in most cases soon becoming con-
solidated with the principal bone. E. cerebri, the
pineal gland.

Epiphysitis [e-pif -is-i' -tis). See Epiphyseitis.

Epiphyte [ep'-e-fit) [e<n, upon; (jwrov, a plant]. In
biology, a plant growing on another plant, but not
nourished by it ; also, a parasitic plant living upon
another plant ; also, a plant parasitic upon an animal.

Epiplasm [ep'-e-plazm) [e7n, upon ; •KAaoiia, plasma].
In the sporangium of many fungi, a part of the proto-
plasm remaining after formation of the spores.

Epiplastron [ep-e-plas' '-tron) [ffr/, upon ; F., plastron,
a breastplate]. In biology, one of the two anterior
lateral plates of the plastron of a turtle ; probably the
homologue of the clavicle of other vertebrates.

Epiplerosis [ep-e-ple-ro' '-sis) [fin', upon ; TrAqpoocg, fill-
ing]. Engorgement; repletion; distention.

Epipleura [ep-e-plu' -rali) [e/W, upon ; irXevpa, a rib].
In biology, variously used to designate a structure su-
perposed upon a rib, as the spines of certain fishes,
the hooked processes or splint-bones passing from rib
to rib in birds, or the inflexed outer border of a bee-
tle's elytrum.

Epiplexus [ep-e-pleks' -us) \hrci, upon ; plexus, a net-
work]. The choroid plexus of the epicele.

Epiplocele (e-pip' -to se/) [kirlirfoov, caul ; «///.//, hernia].
i )mental hernia.

Epiploenterocele \rpip-lo-en-ter'-o-sll)\t-KiiT'/j>ov, caul ;
pav, intestine; tcfjATj, hernia]. A hernia contain
ing both omentum and intestine.

Epiploenterooscheocele (ep-ip-lo-en-ter-o-os/-ke-o-sll)
[iiriirXoov, caul ; ivrepcv, intestine; boxew, scrotum;
/./////, hernia]. Intestinal and omental hernia into the
scrotum.

Epiploic iip-i/'-Io'-ik) [iiriir aoov, caul]. Relating or be-
longing to the epiploon.

Epiploischiocele [ep-ip-lois'-ke-o-sel) [iiriw'Xoav, caul;
iox'wv, hip; />//>.?/, hernia]. Omental hernia through
the sciatic notch or foramen.

Epiploitis (< pip -lo-i'-tis) [eiriirXoov, caul ; trig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the omentum; omental
peritonitis.

Epiplomerocele [ep-ip lo-?ner'-o-sil) [eiriirXoov, caul;
\ir)p6\ , thigh ; ni/'Ar/, hernia]. Femoral hernia contain-
ing omentum.

Epiplomphalocele {ep-ip-lom-fal,-o-sll')\iTriir\oov, caul ;
6p<pa?.6g, navel ; kt/At/, hernia]. Umbilical hernia with
protruding omentum.

Epiploon [e-pip' -lo-on) [_kiri, upon; diirXSog, double:
pi., Epiploa~\. The great omentum. E., Gastro-
colic, the great omentum. E., Gastro-hepatic,
the lesser omentum.

Epiploscheocele [ep-ip-los'-ke-o-sel) [frc/w, caul;
bax^ov, scrotum; *>//>/, hernia]. Omental hernia
descending into the scrotum.

Epipodite [e-pip1 '-o-a\t\ \_etti, upon; novg[~o6-), foot].
A third appendage of the limb of a crustacean, artic-
ulating with the coxopodite, and passing into the
branchial chamber ; it is also called the Jlabellum.

Epipodium [ep-e-po' '-de-nm) \f~i, upon; irobg (irod-) ,
foot]. In biology, one of the lateral appendages of
the foot in certain molluscs, as the wing-like structures
of pteropods.

Epipsyche [ep-is-i' -ke) [}:~i, after; ^n>Xf'/> soul]. Ap-
plied by Haeckel to the oblongata proper.

Epipteric [ep-ip-ter'-ik) [e~i, upon ; irrepov, a wing].
Situated over the alisphenoid. E. Bone. See
Bone.

Epipterous {e-pip' -ter-us) [ini, upon; nrepdv, a wing].
In biology, winged at the top ; applied to seeds.

Epirrhizous (ep-e -rif-zus) [eiri, upon; p/^a, root]. In
biology, growing upon roots.

Episcleral {ep-e-skle* '-ral) [eiri, upon; OK/.j]puq, hard,
sclerotic]. Situated on the outside of the sclerotic
coat.

Episcleritis [ep-e-skle-ri' -tis) [eiri, upon ; tn&.i/p6g, hard ;
ing, inflammation]. A localized inflammation of the
subconjunctival tissues.

Episeio- [ep-isf -e-o-) . For words thus beginning, see
Episio-.

Episeioncus (ep-e-si-ong/-kus) [kiriaetov, pubes ; &yicog,
a mass]. A tumor in the pubic region, or of the
labia.

Episeitis [ep-iz-e-i' '-tis). See Episioitis.

Episematic (ep-e-sem-af ' -ik) [eiri, upon; cijua, a sign].
In biology, applied to that form of mimetic coloration
which serves as a signal of recognition to other indi-
viduals and thus enables them to escape ; as the white
tail of the rabbit. (Poulton. i

Episiocele [ep-e-si' '-o-sil) [iTriceinv, pubes; x
hernia]. Pudendal hernia; vulvar protrusion.

Episioclisia [ep-e-si-o-klis'-e-ah) [kiriaetov, pubes;
KAeiotg, locking, closure]. Surgical closure of the
vulva.

Episiohematoma {ep-e-si-o-hem-at-of-mah \ [eirioeiov,
pubes; alva, blood; oun, tumor: //. , Episiohemuto-
mata~\. Hematoma of the vulva or pudenda.

episk -i ns

436

EPIZOICIDE

Episioitis . inflam-

ion]. Inflammation of the pudenda,

Episioplasty

. tn form J. A plaslii operation upon the pubic

Episiorrhagia . the pu

mIi]. Hemorrhage from the vulva.
Episiorrhaphy
i ] V
or procidentia ul
Episiostenos. . • pubes;

-- i narrowing ol the

vulva, wheth
Episiotomy vulva; i

ion through the vulva in childbirth, to
. enj rupture of the perineum and to facilitate labor.
Epispadias

the urethra upon the
if the penis, either on the dorsum or on
th'
Epis; , adrawing].

An eruptioi d due i" medical treat-

ment ; .i drug-exanthem.
Epispastic [in . . a draw-

i i. . it. .rv. 2. A vesica-

tory or substance producing a blister.
Epispern. . upon; o seed]. In

. the OUt< • i ''ailed tli

Episplenitis , upon ; anTJjv, spleen ;

- . inflammation]. Inflammation of the fibrous coat
ii.
Epistas: ind].

\ - inn >r film iting on the surfa<

urine.
Epistaxis i distil]. Hemor-

>m tin- ii
Episternite '-nit) [cir/,upon; trripvov, breast-

In biology, ap] the lateral pieces "t

th< rthropod; a pleurile; specifically

one of the valves of the ovipositor in orthopterous in-

Episternum num) [ini, upon;

]. In biology, variously applied to desig-

t to the sternum ; as the

iii.uiiin.il, the epiplastron of a turtle, or

; the pleuron of an in-

Epistoma - , upon; ordfia, mouth].

riously u ime |>art

'Ii'.- mouth, a- iV

irous i rusta-
ly in front of the oral .
lure.
Epistrophe . upon ; to turn].

In timed by

chl influence of light,

II thai ai
■
Epistrophei

second cervical

Epithalline i branch].

In I thallus.

Epitheca |. In

-lit or tegumen-

hecium ise],

Tn itain

li'

Epithelial nipple],

ithelium ; made up of th' - of

epithelium. E. Pearls.

Epithelicell [ep-e-the' -U-sel ) [i~i, upon ; ''/,>'/, a nip].
, a cell]. An epithelial cell.

Epithelioid [ep-e-tke'-le-oid) [£«•«', upon; >'>///,, nippl
. likeness]. Resembling epithelium.

Epithelioma \ep-e-tke~U-& '-mah\ [ini, upon; b
nipple; '"/'/. a tumor : pi., Epitheltomata\. Carcinoma
involving skin or mucous membrane. E. mollus-
cum. Synonym ol Moliuscum coniagiosutn.

Epithelium [ep-e-the' -le ion) [Mt upon ; fh/Mj, nipple].
1 'he cuticle or cellular-structure ol mucous surfai
and also of the skin of the body. E. chrotale, the
ectoderm. E., Ciliated, a form in which the cells
bear \ ibratile filaments or cilia at their fret- extremities.
E., Columnar, distinguished by prismatic-shaped or
columnar cells. E., Nucleated, consisting of cir-
cular or hexagonal cells, each containing a nucleus.

Ciliated Cells.

Goblet-cells. Squamois-ci:i.i.s.

E., Pavement, or Cuboidal, cubical or polygonal
cells covering the surface like the stones of a pave-
ment. E., Squamous, the cells have been reduced
to flattened, scaly plates. E., Stratified, the cells
are arranged in distinct layers. E., Tessellated.
Same as /•-., Pavement. E., Transitional, inter-
mediate between simple and stratified.

Epithem [ep'-ith-em) [enldy/ia, a poultice : //. , Epithem-
atd\. Any local application ; as a compress, fomen-
tation, lotion, or poultice ; from this definition some
writer, exclude salves, plasters, and ointments.

Epithema (ep-ith-e'-tnah). See Epithem.

Epithesis \e-pithf -es-is) [iniTid&vai, to lay on]. The
surgical correction of deformed or crooked limbs.

Epithyme {epf-ith-lm) [e7rt,upon ; db/wg, thyme]. The
European plant, Cuscuta epithymum, so called asgrow
ing parasitically upon thyme; it is said to be useful in
lancholy, jaundice, and constipation.

Epithymia (ep-e-thi' '-me-ak) [iniBvftia, longing]. Any
natural longing or desire; a yearning.

Epitrichium {ep-e-trik' -e-um) [ini, upon; rpixun>,
hair]. A superficial cellular layer of epidermis,
found in embryonic and fetal life.

Epitrochlea [ep-e-trok* '-le-ah) [ini, upon ; rpoxrd
pulley]. Tin- internal con. Me of the humerus.

Epixylous (e-piks'-il-us) [in fdAov, wood].

In biology, applied t" fungi or other plants that grow
upon wood.

Epizoicide [ep e ~>>'-i s-ld i [iiri, upon ; -■■"»■, an animal ;
. to kill]. A drug or preparation that destroys
external parasites.

KI'I/ui i\

437

11:1' II' ».\

izoon [ep-e-zo* '-on) [eiri, upon; I'-xn; an animal:
., Ept ■]. An animal living as a parasite upon
mother; an external parasite, as distinguished from
n Entozoon.

. jizootic | p ■ zo-ot'-ik) [eiri; upon; C'-»n\ animal].
i. Affecting the lower animals epidemically. 2. Aeon
tagious,or generally pre> alent disease affe< ting animals.

Epizooty (ep-e-zo/-o-le) [eiri, upon ; inimal]. An

epizootic disease.

Eponychium [ep-o-nik' '-e-um) [eiri, upon; bwif, finger
nail]. A horny condition ol the epidermis from the
second to the eighth month of fetal life, indicating
the position of the future nail.

Eponym [epf-o-nim) [ v/ioc, named after a person].

A term derived from the name of a person. See
Table ,>/' Eponymic Diseases, under /'

Epobphorectomy {ep-o-o-for-ek/-to-me) [eirw6fi
epoophoron ; ihrmi/'/, excision]. Surgical removal of
the epoophoron.

Epoophoron 1 p-o-off'-or-ori) [/-/.upon; , [ay

ing eggs]. Same a.s Parovarium.

Epostoma (ep-os-to'-mali) [eiri, upon ; boreov, bone].
An exostosis.

Epsilon-bacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of .

Epsom Salts {ep/-sum). See Magnesium.

Epstein's Dressing. A method of dressing the um-
bilical cord. It consists of the ordinary linen quad-
rangular belly-plastron with a central cap-like recepta-
cle for the umbilical stump.

Epulis {ep-u'-lis) [eiri, upon ; niXa, the gums]. A hard,
fibrous tumor of the alveolar processes of the jaws.

Epulosis (ep-u-lo' '-sis) [eirovTiaxrig : eiri, upon; ovXij,
scar]. Cicatrization ; a cicatrix.

Epulotic {ep-u-lof '-ik ) [eiri, upon; ov/.i/, scar]. I.
Promoting epulosis or cicatrization. 2. A remedy
or application that promotes the healing of wounds or
sores.

Equation {e-kwa'-zhun) [aquare, to make equal]. In
chemistry, a collection ol symbols so arranged as to
indicate that if the bodies represented by the symbols
be brought together a chemic reaction will take place.
E., Personal, an allowance for individual peculiarity
or error in an observers work, in order to render it
approximately accurate.

Equator {e-kwaf -tor) [/square, to make equal]. An
imaginary circle surrounding a sphere. E. of a cell,
the boundary of the plane through which division takes
place. E. of the eye, the aquator oculi ; the
boundary- of the transverse and central vertical plane
of the eye. E. of a Lens, the angular edge at the
meeting of the anterior and posterior surfaces' of the
lens.

Equatorial [e-kioa-tor4 '-e-al) [aquare, to make equal].
Pertaining or belonging to an equator. E. Plate.
See Karyokinesis and Plate.

Equilibration [e-que-lib-ra' -shun) [aquilibrare, to bal-
ance equally]. Equipoise ; even balance.

Equilibrism \e-quilf -ib-rizm) [aquilibris, evenly bal-
anced]. The opinion that every voluntary act may be
counteracted by an opposing inhibitory volition.

Equilibrium (e-kwe-lib'-re-um) [aquus, equal; libro,
balance]. An even balancing of a body or condition.
E., Stable, when, after slight disturbance, the body
will return to its original condition or position. E.,
Unstable, when it will not so return.

Equination [e-kwin-a' '-shun) [equinus, of ahorse]. I.
Inoculation with the virus of equine smallpox. 2.
Inoculation with the virus of equinia.

Equinia {e-kwinf -e-ah) [equus, a horse]. Glanders.
Farcy. A contagious, specific disease, with both local
and general symptoms, derived from the horse or ass.
It affects chiefly the skin, mucous membranes and

lymphatics, and begins with a purulent nasal discharge,
the respiratory, ocular and oral membranes being fur-
ther successively involved. It is of microbic origin.
See Bacillus mallei, in Bacteria, Synonymatic Tabi

Equinist m-ist) [equus, a horse]. One wh

lieves in 1 1 of a disi mus.

Equipollent [e kwip* 0 lent) [a juu . equal ; polle.
1m- strong]. < M" equal power or efficiencj ; said,
example, of opposing muscles, or of parents in their
inlluem e upon offspring.

Equisetum [ek-wis-e1 '-turn) [equus, a horse ; sata, bris-
tle]. A genus of cryptogamous plant- ; the hi
tails, or scouring rushes. E. hiemah and E. palustre,
ot Europe and X. Aim rii a. are requited t., |„- effective
and harmless diurel ii

Equitant [ek1 '-wit-ant) [equitare, to ride]. In biology,
literally, riding. A]. plied to leaves, like- those of the
iris, which are vertical and folded lengthwise, so that
each leaf, toward tl overlaps or straddles the

1 ; also applied to the longitudinally folded anten-
na of certain insei 1 s.

Equivalence, Equivalency {e-kvriv'-al-ens, e-quivf-al-
1 11 te) [aquus, equal ; valere, to be worth]. Equality
of valence or saturating power. See / In

chemistry, the property possessed by an element or
radical of combining with another element or radical
or of replacing it in a compound body in definite and
unalterable proportions. It i- sometimes used as syno-
nymous with valence or quantivalen

Equivalent [e-kivii/ -al-ent) [aquus, equal ; valere, to
be worth]. Of equal valency. E. Focus.
Poats.

Equivocal {e-kwiv1 '-o-kaT) [aquus, equal ; vox, sound].
Of doubtful significance, as equivocal symptoms.

Eradication (e-rad-ik-a'-shuri) [<?, out; radicare, to
root]. Complete or thorough removal.

Eradiculose [e-rad-ik' '-u-los) [e, priv. ; radicula, a
rootlet]. In biology, destitute of rootlets or rhizoids.

Erasene [er'-as-iti) [eradere, to scratch out ; from the
power of erasing grease-spots]. A trade-name for
California abietene. See Abietene.

Erasion [e-raf -zhuri) [e, out ; radere, to scrape]. The
act of scraping or cureting.

Erb's Point. See Point. E. Reaction of degener-
ation. Deviation from the normal formula of muscu-
lar response to galvanism. E. "Upper-arm type"
of palsy. A myotrophy characterized by paralysis of
the deltoid and often of the supraspinatus and infra-
spinatus, the biceps, brachialis antic us. and the supin-
ators. See Diseases, Tabic of.

Erbium (ur'-be-um) [E.]. A rare element ; symbol
Er. See Elements, Table of.

Erdmann's Test. See Tests, Table of

Erdmann and Uslar's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Erect [e-rekt* ) [erectus, set up]. ETpright ; in the state
of erection. E. Posture. See Postur . Table of.

Erecthites [e-rek-thi'-tez) [ept \h -/.■/. groundsel]
genus of composite plants. E. hieracifolia. Eire-
weed ; a coarse composite-flowered plant common in
waste-lands in X. America ; it is astringent and tonic.
Unof.

Erectile [e-rekf-HT) [erigere, to set up]. Pertaining to
or possessing the characteristic stiffening, rigidity, or
erection. E. Glossitis. See Glossitis. Parenchy-
matous. E. Tissue, that which is capable of erection ;
consisting of a network of expansile capillaries that
under stimulus becomes engorged with blood.

Erection [e-rek* '-shun) [eiigere, to set up]. The con-
dition of temporary and functional fulness and firm-
ness of the penis, clitoris, etc., due to sexual excite-
ment, friction, etc., the mechanism consisting in an
overfilling of the blood-vessels with inhibition of the

EREC 1' IPA 1 I \ 1

138

ERI >IM VI

return circulation. E. -center. See Cen, • E.,
Persistent. Synonym of Priapism, </. v.
Erectopatent

■ding]. I- ■. intermediate between ei

.i- the fore wings of a butterfly in

Erector reel ]. Any muscle,

the fun aIiu-Ii it i- i r elevate a

See E. pili, the unstriped mus-

cular fi tion "i the bair and the

phcnoi: i>>-

Eremacausis slowly ;

. burning >w oxidation or gradual decay,

without combustion.
Eremobla^t .solitary; ifaurrSg,

it]. A unicellular plant.
Eremophobia desolate;

. • arl. I be same as . /• v.

Erethin v, to irritate] . The name

n by Klebs to that constituent of tuberculin which

Erethism . Erethismus [er-e-thiz' -mus)

. rritation]. An abnormal heightening of

nervous irritability. E. ebriosorum. Synonym of

E. hydrophobia. Synonym of

E. tropicus. Sec Insolation.

Erethismal [er-e-thiz'-mat) [ipedtau6q, irritation]. Of

: an erethism.
Erethismic t-thiz' -mik), or Eretbistic {er-e-thisr -tik)
rritation]. Relating to, or affected with,
erethism.
Erg . work]. See Electric Units.

Ergasiomania [ur-gas-i o-ma'-ne-ah) [ipyaoia, work ;

. madness]. Mania for performing operations.
Ergasiophobia \ur-gas-e-o-for -be-ak) [kpyaoia, work;
rj« Timidity in operating. A dread of

Ergogenesis ■■.•' es-is) \jtpyav, work; yevt

lu< don]. Same as I:>\ ogeny.

Ergogenetic i ■' ik) [Ipyov, work ; yeveoig,

tion]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, er-

Ergogeny v, work ; ykveni^, produc-

In biology, the energy, both potential and

kinetic, involved in the adaptive processes of living

■a- ; it includes both kinetogeny and statogeny

Ergograph . [ >yov, work; yp&Qetv, to

write] A. recording ergometer. An instrument for
■rding t; of movement produced by a con

trading muscle, or the amount of work it is capable

Ergometer . work ; uirpov, meas-

ure], ty of dynamometer.

Ergostat .work; lardvcu, to stand].

ular strength.
Ergot, or Ergota ■ } , | |, ., ergot, &

i. In farriery, the homy stub

int, hidden by the fetlock of the

ninor. j. A fungus,

isitic upon rye. It contains

nut in, to which

powerfu itor,

final irritant, but is

uterine contraction in

:' rnally in amenorrhea

gonon

mem
i prompt by h

E., Ext., Fid.,

ith dilul fool, and

ij. E., Ext., Liquid (B. P.).

Dose-TOjc-xxx. E.,Ext., — Ergotin. Dose gr. ij-xx,

hyp.i.lermatically gr. '4 -v. E., Infus. (1!.1\). Dose
3 i ij. Injectio Ergotinae Hypodermica (B. P.),
otin i, camphor-water, 2. Dose subcutaneously
n\iij-x. E., Tinctura (15. 1'.). Dose TH,x-5jj. E.,
Vinum, 15 ]>er cent. Dose .^j-.^j- Sclerotinic
Acid, thought to be identical with ergolinic acid.

Ergotin («r/ %0 tin) [Fr., ergot, a spur]. I. A precip-
itate or extract prepared from the tincture of Secole
cereaU ; it is an emmenagogue, and parturient, hose
iV, to J grain, repeated as may be needed. I'nof.
The name 1-, applied in commerce to many different
preparations of ergot ; often to the extr actum ergota,
U. S. P. 2. CjqHjjNjOj. An amorphous, brown
alkaloid found in ergot. It is probably the same as
ecbolin.

Ergotinin {itr-gotf-in-in) [Fr., ergot, a. spur], t'riII4n-
N408. An alkaloid from ergot of rye, occurring in
white needles ; it is effective in hemorrhage, in erysip-
elas, and in certain brain-affections. For hypoder-
matic injection, c'3 to A, gr. is used, dissolved in lactic
acid and water.

Ergotism [urf-got-izm) [Fr. , ergot, a spur]. The con-
stitutional effects of overdoses of ergot or of the per-
sistent use of food containing ergot. These are mani-
fested by severe cramps, chiefly in the muscles of the
leg, ending in tonic contraction of these muscles — the
spasmodic form ; and secondly by gangrene of the ex-
tremities— the gangrenous form. The symptoms may
be acute or chronic. See Pellagra.

Ergotol [ur'-got-ol) [Fr., ergot, a spur]. A proprietary
liquid preparation of ergot, recommended for hypo-
dermatic injection.

Ergten (ergf-ten) \kpyov, work]. See Electric Units.

Erianthous [er-e-an' -thus) [kpiov, wool ; avdoq, flower].
In biology, woolly-flowered.

Erichsen's Disease. See Diseases, Eponymic Table of.
E. Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Ericolin [er-ik'-o-lin) [ipe'uai, heath], C^H^O,,. A
substance found in Uva ursi. It is an amorphous,
yellowish glucosid with a bitter taste, yielding with
diluted acids sugar and an essential oil — ursone.

Erigeron [er-ip '-er-on) [rjptyepuv, groundsel: gen.,
Erigerontis]. Fleabane. The plant E. canadense,
having physiologic actions like those of oil of turpen-
tine, but less irritant. It is efficient as a hemostatic in
menorrhagia. E. bellidifolium and E. philadel-
phicum afford similar oils, and have the same proper-
ties. E., Ol., the essential volatile oil of erigeron.
Dose tr^x-^ ss. Unof.

Eringb {er-ing/-o). See Eryngo.

Eriodictyon {er-e-o-dik' -tc on\ \ijimv, wool; Aiktvov,
a net]. Verba Santa or Mountain balm. The
leaves of E. glutinosum, a shrub of California, an
excellent expectorant, and valuable as an excipient
for quinin, the taste of which it largely conceals. It
is useful in bronchial affections. E., Ext. Fid.
I lose n\,xv-3J. E., Ext. hose gr. ij— x. E.
tomentosum and E. angustifolium have the same
uses. The latter are unofficial.

Eriophorous [er-e-off/-or-us) \ipurv, wool; <pipnv, to
bear]. In biology, wool bearing.

Eriophyllous [er-e-off f -U-us) [ipiav, wool; ov'/'/uv, a
leaf]. In biology, woolly leaved.

Erlangen Blue. Same as Berlin Blue.

Erlau Green. Same as Bremen Green.

Erlicki's Fluid. A hardening-fluid used especially for
tissues (,| the central nervous system. It consists of
potassium bichromate, 2.5 parts; cupric sulphate, 0.5
parts ; water, loo parts.

Erodent [e ro'-dent )[e, out ; rodere,togaa.vr\. 1. Caus-
tic; causing erosion. 2. A caustic application or agent.

EROGENII

439

KRV I II IMA

Erogenic, or Erogenous [er-o-jen' -ik or er-oj'-en u \
[f/>«JC, love; yewdv, to produce]. Producing or
stimulating the sexual appetite.

Eromania [er o ma' ne-ak). See Erotomania.

Erose (e-ros') [erodere, to gnaw off]. In biology,
irregularly toothed, as if gnawed.

Erosion (e-ro' -2/11111) [erosio ; erodere, to eat out].
Disintegration of tissue by mechanical, chemic, oi
morbid action. E. of the Cervix, an ulcerated
condition of the neck of the womb resulting from
chronic endometritis. It is also called ulceration or
granular degeneration of the cervix.

Erostrate (e-ros'-trat) [e, priv ; rostrum, a beak]. In
biology, not beaked.

Erotia (e-ro'-she-ah) [L.j. A genus of composite-flow-
ered plants. E. lanata, white sage or winter-fat ;
a composite-flowered forage-plant of the Western U.
S. : valued locally in intermittent fevers. Unof.

Erotic (er-oP-ik) [t/jwc, love]. Pertaining to the sex-
ual passion.

Eroticism (er-ot'-is-izm) [epug, love]. An erotic-
disposition; erotic display ; tendency to erotomania.

Eroticomania (er-o-tik-o-mar -ne-ah) [tpariKdc, loving;
fiavia, madness]. Same as Erotomania.

Erotocism (er-ot'-o-sizm). Same as Erotomania, q. v.

Erotomania [er-ot-'o-ma' '-ne-ak) [ipug, love ; fiavia,
madness]. Morbid, abnormal exaggeration of love
generally ; mure limited to the imaginative than to the
carnal aspect of the sentiment; insanely-perverted sex-
ual feeling. See Nymphomania and Satyriasis. E.
personalis. Synonym of Satyriasis and of Nympho-
mania.

Erotomaniac (er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ak) \ipuq, love ; fiavia,
madness]. A patient who is afflicted with erotomania.

Erratic (er-atf-ik) [erraticus, wandering]. Moving
about from place to place ; irregular ; strange or un-
usual ; eccentric, peculiar.

Errhine (er'-in) [h>,in; pig, the nose]. I. Causing
discharges from the nose. 2. A medicine that, applied
to the mucous membrane of the nose, increases nasal
secretions. A sternutatory.

Error (er'-or) [L. , "wandering"]. Displacement or
perversion in any function; aberration, mental or optic.

Erskine's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Erubescence (er-K-bes'-ens) [erubeseentia , blushing].
Redness of the skin.

Eruca (er-oo' -kali) [L. ,a caterpillar; a cole wort]. A
genus of cruciferous plants. E. sativa, the garden
rocket, an herb of Asia and Europe, used as a salad.
It is a stimulant and diuretic, and is considered to be
aphrodisiac and galactagogue. Unof.

Erucic Acid (er-oo' -sik). See Acid.

Eruciform (er oo'-sif-orm) [eruca, a caterpillar; forma,
form]. In biology, said of larva;, spores, etc., that
are shaped like a caterpillar.

Erucivorous [er-u-siiZ-or-us) [eruca, a caterpillar;
vorare, to eat]. In biology, applied to birds and other
animals that feed upon caterpi liars.

Eructation (e-ruk-ta' -shun) \eructare, to belch]. Belch-
ing.

Erugation [er-oo-ga' '-shun) \erugatio ; e, out; ruga,
wrinkle]. The removal of wrinkles.

Erugatory [er-oo* '-gat-or-e) [(.out; ruga, & wrinkle].
I. Tending to remove wrinkles. 2. A remedy for
wrinkles.

Erugineous [er-oo-jin'-e-us). Same as Eruginovs,

Eruginose (er-oo' -jin-os). Same as Eruginous.

Eruginous (er-oo' '-/i/ii/s) [eeruginosus ; cerugo, rust].
Having the nature or the color of verdigris.

Erumpent (e-rum' -pent) \erumpere, ti> break out]. In
biology, applied to parts or organs that appear as if
bursting out.

Eruption (e-rup'-shun) [erumpere, to burst out]. A
bursting forth of any kind or from any part, but ap-
plied especially to the chief symptom of certain skin-
diseases, consisting in pimples, vesicles, rash, etc. ;
the breaking forth of a tooth from tin- <^um.

Eruptive (e-rup'-tiv) \erumpere, to burst out]. At
tended by an eruption, as an eruptive fever.

Eruthrocyte (er-Oth'-ro-slt). Incorrecl form of Ery-
throcyte, q.v.

Eryngo i< / /// f-go) [ a thistle]. Any plant of

tin- umbelliferous genus Eryngium, especially E.
campestro and E. maritin.um of Europe. These
plants, with others of the genus, were formerly made
into sweetmeats, and wen- regard ilychrest

remedies, but were especially prized as aphrodisiacs.
Unof.

Erysipelas (<■/ -is-ip/-el-as) \ipv/bpb\, red; -i'/'/n. skin].
An a< ute, specific, constitutional i> brile disease, with a
peculiar redness and inflammation of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue, generally of the face. It is due
to streptococci. The period of incubation varies from
a few hnur> to three or four days. The symptoms are
an initial chill or rigor, malaise, high temperature,
vomiting or nausea, and the characteristic rash, with
a well-defined margin, upon the skin. It may termin-
ate fatally. Albumin may appear in the urine. At
the conclusion of the attack desquamation takes place,
either branny or in flakes. The development of ery-
sipelas is favored by filth, over-crowding, and defective
ventilation. One attack rather predisposes to subse-
quent attacks. E. carbunculosum. Synonym of
Anthrax. E. malignum internum, an acute, sup-
purative, rapidly spreading inflammation of cellular
tissue beginning in the pelvis after parturition. It is
one form of puerperal fever. It is usually rapidly
fatal. Antisepsis properly applied at the time of
delivery will prevent its occurrence. E. migrans,
wandering erysipelas. E. phlegmonodes, a form of
erysipelas in which there is pus-formation, with marked
constitutional symptoms. E., Recurrent, pseudo-ery-
sipelas, a frequent disease in strumous children, but oc-
curring also in adults, and especially in women. It is
entirely confined to the face, especially around the nose
and upper lip, and is unattended with marked consti-
tutional symptoms. It is not amenable to treatment,
and is very prone to recur. E. simplex, the ordinary
facial form of erysipelas. E. suffusum. Synonym
of Erythema. E., Wandering, a chronic or sub-
chronic form in which the process successively disap-
pears from one part of the body to appear at another
part.

Erysipelatous (er-is-ip-el'-at-u s) [ . red; -///«,

skin]. Of the nature of or affected with erysipelas.

Erysipeloid (er-is-ip-el' -oid) [■ red; ->//«,

skin ; eifioc, likeness]. A peculiar affection of the
palms of the hands or soles of the feet, characterized
by zones of violaceous-red eruption with burning and
itching ; it is due to wound -infection.

Erythanthema [er-ith-an' -the-mak) [rpvdpoc, red;
avHijua, a flowing], A skin-disease marked by red-
ness. The term is variously applied by some to denote
an eruptive disease depending upon vaso-motor. or
other nervous disorder. It is used to designate a class
of cutaneous efflorescences that have in common a
basis of erythema.

Erythema (er:ith e/-mah) ['Ept'fty^a, a blush]. Rose
rash : a redness of the skin that may be made to dis-
appear temporarily by pressure. E. ab igne, a form
of E. hyperrmicum produced by the constant irrita-
tion of artificial heat. It occurs as rings and gyrate
patterns on the front of the legs, and is of a deep-red
color, gradually becoming browner in tint. This pig-

ERYl'Ill M \

lltl

ERYTHRASMA

mentation is permanent E. annulare, .1 form of /•'.
.:> which the trink and desquamate

.it the center, but continue to extend al the peripfa

:i'n.
may wanderoverthe entire body, inters
id formi figures « iilt 1 1

nally new rm^

rms

an : -line

E. bullosum tm. E.

circinatum. S E. congestivum,

it the ski ii ; the

iim it or in-

tnt in the and the tint of red-

1 purple
hue. E. endemicum. 3 E., Epi-

demic. E exudativum. an acuti

skin-disease,
i by the development of symmetrically

5, usually dis-
reatly in form and size, accompanied

ious hemor-

skin, occasionally terminating as

i specially liable to relapse. This

ma. tutional rheumatic symp-

E. figuratum, 1- marked by efflorescence in

E. fugax, a variety of E. hyperamicum ;

it c a transitory redness of a patchy charac-

m the face ami trunk of young
individual- and gradually disappearing in a few min-
utes It 1- frequently associated with indi-
etc. E. furfuracea. Synonym of
E. gangraenosum, a term applied
• of superficial gangrene or
ulo lictly in hysterical women. They are
undoubl induced, and are asymmetric, usually

-ily accessible positions.

E. gyratum. 3 inulare. E. hyperaemicum.

um. E. induratum, a variety of E.

g the calf, or the leg immediately

below, mor ntly than the front of the legs.

It ither in diffuse, ill-defined patches or in

it first but gradually assuming a

nodules may be superficial or d<

hi inch or more in diameter,

I, on rosi tnd dough out,

• . r. The condition is most

a in strumous individuals. E. intertrigo, inter-

: a chronic form of E. hy-

ting froi rubbing to-

in. It is common in infants and

E. iris. annulare.

E. keratodes, a diffuse condition of tylosis of the

E. leve, a common skin-affection, a

tm, likely the

'1 parts. It may go on to derma

E. marginatum, an infrequent

. which generally begi
1 df an inch in di

. subsiding paripa

. and in

■inference of a limb, or

; iwn-colored pig-

v disapp< 1 E. multiforme,

rtivum, common

m % specially

iption t ars

alm ' the hands and t

'"'" l-i .ere

iucous mem-
■ ■
ply defin | or

purplish in color, varying in size from a pin's head up,
partially disappearing on pressure. This is the com
monesl form 1 E. papulatum). If the papules coalesce
to form larger lesions the condition 1- described as E.
tuberculatum. E. nodosum, dermatitis contusiformis .
a further development of /•.'. tuberculatum. Multiple
Idom more than a dozen) raised, rosy patches,
round or oval in the direction of the limb, from one

half to tiller inches in diameter, suddenly develop
along both tibiae, and often along the ulnar side of the
forearms. They are exquisitely tender, tense and shin-
ing. The condition chiefly occurs in children and deli
cate young women. See Bacillus of Demme under Bac-
teria, Synonymatic Table of . E. papulatum. "see/-..
multiforme. E. paratrimma, the erythema that ap-
pears over a bony prominence, etc., immediately before
the formation of a bed-sore. It is a variety of E.
hyperamicum. E. pellagrosum. A synonym of
Pellagra. E. pernio. See Pernio. E. polymorphe.
E. multiforme. E. purpuricum, Purpura throm-
botica ; a variety of erythema resembling Peliosis
rkeumatica, but characterized by its erythematous ap-
pearance and the absence of alteration by pressure. It
is attended with no general symptoms, or with slight
pains in some of the joints, or with edema of the lee>.
E. roseola, a variety of /;'. hyperamicum : it consists
in the development of congestive patches of a delicate
rose-color, scarcely raised above the surface of the
skin, varying in size from a split-pea to a finger-
nail, and either diffused over the whole surface of the
body or in figured groups. It is common in young
children in association with digestive troubles. Its
different stages have been called Roseola infantilis,
aestivalis, autumnalis, annulata, but these terms are
not now generally used. E. scarlatiniforme, a
variety of E. hypercEtnicum ; it appears as a vivid,
punctiform eruption, sharply defined in places, attended
with high temperature, often seen after injuries or sur-
gical operations. It is followed by furfuraceous des-
quamation. E. scarlatiniforme desquamativum,
a more pronounced form of E. scarlatiniforme, with a
greater tendency to be diffuse instead of punctiform,
of longer duration, and with a great liability to recur at
certain seasons. The mucous membranes are often in-
volved and desquamation occurs in large flakes. E.
simplex, a variety of E. hyperamicum : characteri/rl
by a congestive redness of moderate intensity. It
appears as diffuse or circumscribed, variously-sized
lesions, which are usually not raised above the integ
ument. It may be idiopathic or symptomatic; ami
if the latter, brought about by a great number of
external irritants, including heat and cold, etc. E.
solare, /;'. simplex due to the heat of the sun. E.
tuberculatum. See E. multiforme. E. tuberosum.
Same as /.'. tuberculatum. E. urticans, the early or
pink stage of the urticarial wheal. It is a variety
of /■'.. hyperamicum. E. vesiculosum, the occur-
rence of vesication in the progress of A', multiforme.
If the bleb- are large the condition is termed /■'..
bullosum.

Erythematous [er-ith-em'-at-us) [epWqfia, a blush].
< <f the nature of erythema.

Erythemoid (er-itA-em/ -oid ) , Erythematoid {er-ith-
emf-at-oid) [ipi>(h)/ia, erythema ; eMoc, resemblance].
Resembling erythema.

Erythrasma (er-ith-raz/-mah) [ipv9p6g, red], A rare
disease of the skin, always attacking the axillae or in-
guinal regions, or the nates. It forms reddish or
brownish, sharply defined, slightly raised, desquamat-
ing patches, that cause no itching or inconvenience.
It is due to the microdrganism, Microsporon minutis-
simum, and is readily curable.

ERYTHREMELALGIA

441

KKYTIIki >XYL< »\

Erythremelalgia [er-ith- rem-el-al'-Je-ah). See Ery-
tkromelalgia.

Erythremia [er-ith-re' '-me '-ah) [ipvdpdg, red ; alfia,
blood]. I. The normal condition of the arterial
Mood. 2. Arterial blood in the veins.

Erythrin [er'-ith-riu) [.•'/""/»";, red], ( ',,,1 l,.< »,„. An
ether-like derivative of orsellinic acid. It occurs in
the lichen Roccella fusciformis, and is extracted from
it by means of milk of lime It crystallizes with i]/z
molecules of water and is soluble with difficulty in hot
water. Kxposure to the air causes it to assume a red
color.

Erythrina [er-it k-ri'-nuh) \ipvdp6g, red]. A genus of
leguminous trees, shrubs and herbs, of some 25
three or more of which grow in the U. S. E. coral-
lodendron, coral tree of tropical America, is sedative,
hypnotic, diuretic, purgative, vermifuge and pectoral.
( Hher specie^ have similar properties. Unof.

Erythrine [er' '-ith-rin) [epvBp6g, red]. Red.

Erythrism [er4 '-ith-rizm) [epvOpbg, red]. In biology,
applied to conditions of dichromatism in which the
normal colors of the integument are affected by an
excess ot red pigment, as often shown in the plumage
of a bird.

Erythrite (er'-ith -nt ). See Erythrol.

Erythroblast (er-ith' -ro-b/ast) [ipvdpdg , red ; ftAaordq ,
germ]. Ar rudimentary red blood-corpuscle.

Erythrocarpus ( er-ith' '-ro-kar1 '-pus ) [ipvdpdg, red ;
KapTTuc, fruit]. In biology, reel- fruited.

Erythrochloropia (er-ith' '-ro-klo-ro' '-pe-ah) [kpvdpor,
red; ;fAwp<5c, green ; <Ji/>, eye]. A form of subnormal
color-perception in which green and red are the only
colors correctly distinguished.

Erythrochloropy [er-ith' -ro-klor'-o-pe) [ipvdpdg, red;
X/.upog, green]. Ability to distinguish red and green
colors only.

Erythrocruorin [er-ith' '-ro-kru' '-or-iri) [ipvdpdg, red;
cruor, blood]. Same as Hemoglobin.

Erythrocyte [er-ith1 '-ro-sit) [ipvdpdg, red; kitoc, cell]
A red blood-corpuscle.

Erythrocytosis [er-ith1 '-ro-si-to> '-sis) [ipvdpdg, red ; kvtoq,
cell]. The formation of red blood-corpuscles.

Erythrodermia [er-ith' -ro-der'-me-ah) [ipvdpdg, red;
Sipua, skin]. Abnormal redness of the skin.

Erythrodermas [er-ith' -ro-der-mi'-tis) [epvdpdg, red;
dipua, skin; trig, inflammation]. A chromoder-
matosis characterized by erythema and superficial
dermatitis.

Erythrodextrin [er-ith' -ro-deks' -trin\ [ipvdpdg, red;
dexter, right]. A dextrin formed by the action of
saliva on starch. It yields a red color with iodin. .

.'R.rythrpgpn [er-ith' '-ro-jen) [ipvdpdg, red; yevvav, to
produce]. A green substance that has been found in
unhealthy bile, and which (apparently without good
reason) has been regarded as " the base of the color-
ing-matter of the blood."

Erythroglucin [er-ith-ro-glu'-sin). See Erythrol.

Erythrogranulose [er-ith-ro-gran' -u-los) [ipvBpdg, red;
granulum, a little grain]. A granular substance,
found in starch-grains, coloring red with iodin.

Erythroid [er' -ith-roid) [epvdpdg, red; eldog, re-
semblance]. Reddish; of a red color.

Erythrol [er'-ith-rol) [ipvtipdc, red], C4H10O4. Uso
called Erythroglucin, Erythrite or Phycite. A princi-
ple which exists as erythrin (orsellinate of erythrite) in
many lichens and some alg;e. It forms large quadratic
crystals that dissolve- readily in water, with difficulty
in alcohol, and are insoluble in ether. It is a poly-
hydric alcohol with a sweet taste melting at I2b° C.
and boiling at 3300 C.

Erythrolein [er-ith-ro* '-le-in) [ipvdpdg, red ; oleum, oil],
C^H^O,^ A fatty liquid compound contained in

litmus. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and alka
and in dyeing yields a purple color

Erythrolitmin [er-ith-ro-lW -min) [ipvdpdg, red; Dan.,
lac, lac; moes, pulp], 1 , I 1 ' I ... A red coloring-
matter obtained from litmus; it is crystalline and
soluble in alcohol.

Erythromelalgia [er-ith-ro mel-al' -je-ah) [kpvfi
red; "'/or, limb; "/,'», pain]. Red neuralgia;
terminal neuritis. A variety of chronic dermatalgia
characterized by burning and then aching pain of a
part, usually one or more extremities, intensified by
warmth and accompanied by flushing and local fever.

Erythrophage [er-ith' -ro-faj) [kpvtip6g, red;

to eat]. Any one ol the phagocytic cells which,
lying about a hemorrhagic area, take up the pign
of the blood or even red-corpuscles. They are
remarkable for their brilliant color (red to golden).

Erythrophlein [er-ith-rof -le-in) [ipvdpdg, red ;
bark], A poisonous alkaloid from Casca bark.

Erythrophleum | « ith-ro-flc'-ioii Si Casca Bark.

Erythrophobe [er-ith' -ro-fob) [ipvdpdg, red ; '
fear]. One fearing or disliking red color>.

Erythrophobia [er-ith-ro-fo1 '-be-ah) [>'.■ red;

in, -Inc. fear]. Morbid intolerance of red colors:
sometimes observed after operations for cataract.

Erythrophyl [er-ith' -ro-fil) [epvdpdg, red; QvWKov,
leaf]. In biology, a red coloring-matter found in
autumn leaves, ripe fruits, etc. It is also called Phyl-
lerythrin and Phyterythrin.

Erythropia (er-ith-ro' pe-ah) [ .vision].

A condition in which objects appear as if colored red.

Erythropsia [er-ith-rop' -se-ah) [ipvdpdg, red ;

vision]. An abnormality of vision in which all ob-
jects appear red ; red vision ; it has been observed in
alcoholic ataxia with optic atrophy, after subcutan
injections of strychnin.

Erythropsin [er-ith-rop' -sin) [epvdpdg, red; wi/',
vision]. An organic substance of the retina. In the
presence of light it is believed to form different com
binations, constituting color-perception. It is called
visual purple and Rhodopsin, q. v.

Erythrorhetin [er-ith-ro-ref -in) [epvdpdg, red; peric//,
resin], C,JI,,.< >u. The red resin of rhubarb.

Erythrose [er'-ith-ros) [epvdpdg, red], C4H8< >,. Tetrose.
A substance derived from erythrol. It is probably a
mixture of an aldose and a ketose. It is next to the
lowest glucose. See Carbohydrates, Tab.'

Erythrosin [er'-ith-ro-sin) [ipvdpdg, red], C30H18N2< >,.,•
A compound produced by the action of HNi > , on tyro
sin. It is used as a coloring-matter. See Pigm
Conspectus of.

Erythrosis [er-ith-ro' -sis) [ipvdpdg, red]. Arterial pleth-
ora, or the redness of the skin due to it.

Erythroxylin [er-ith-roks' -il-in) [epvdpdg, red; fwAov,
wood]. A precipitate from the tincture of Erythroxy-
lon coca. It is a nervine and stimulant. Dose '4 to
I grain. Unof.

Erythroxylon [er-ith-roks' -il-on) [epvdpdg; red; ir/nr,
wood: gen. ,Erythroxyli\. Coca, Cuca. The leave-,
of E. coca, a shrub indigenous to the Andes. (Not to
be confounded with cooa.) It contains an alkaloid,
Cocain, C17H.,,N< >,. ., to which its properties are

mainly due. It is an aromatic tonic and cerebral stimu-
lant, developing a remarkable power ot enduring
hunger and fatigue. Large doses cause hallucinations.
It- effects are similar to those of coffee, but are more
intense. It is much used by the natives for sustenance
during long journeys. The leaves, smoked, are bene-
ficial in hay-fever. E. coca (R. P.). Dose gr. ij-
xv. E., Ext., Fid. Dose ^ ss-ij. Extractum
Cocae Liquid (R. P.). Dose 5 ss-ij. Wines and
elixirs of coca are numerous.

KRVllIKl KIA

142

ESOPHAGI S

Erythruria

uriiif] reddish urine. Hematuria .

Esbach's Test.
Eschar («/> ibj. Fhe slough or

i following cauterization, bun
Escharodermhih »cab;

ua, >kin ; - . inflammation]. A skin inflamma-
tion marked b) the I iars.
Escharosis «"f]- Theformation

Escharotic i < laustic ;

\ substance thai,
luces .m eschar. A caustic.
Eschcl Blue.
Escherich, Bacillus of. - ia, Synonymatic

ika'a Test.

Eschomelia worst;

\. monstrosity in which there is a defective
Inn

jhricht's Yellow Canals. See Canals.
Eschrolalia , , shameful;

■.'/,/.
Eschromythesis o-mi-the' -sis) [aloxptg, base;

alter]. The utterance of obscene language
itients.
Eschscholtzia [e h-sh / [after Eschscholtz, a

ist]. A genus of papaveraceous herbs.
E. californica, California l'oppy, a plant growing in
ia. is recommended as an excellent and harm-
ic and analgesic. Dose of the fluid ex-
tract, n\xv-xxx. L'nof.
Esculapian in) [jEsculapius, the god <.f

medicine], t. Medical; pertaining to medicine. 2.
Kin.
Esculetin \_.Eseulus, the Italian oak],

instance present in the bark of the
.ut. partly free, and partly as the gluco
, .. from which it is prepared by decomposition
with acids >>r ferments. It crystallizes with a mole-
cule of water in line needles or leaflets.
Esculin [est-ku-lin) [./•... 7 ',7, the Italian oak],
\ glucosid contained in the bark of the
hoi hippocastanum. It crystallizes

■ 1 '. II .< ), and melts when anhy-
flr luble with difficulty in water

ilol.

Eser:n in [Esere, native name of the plant or

A poisonous alkaloid derived
It is chiefly used to produce
ion, etc.
Esiphonal [. , priv. ; uUpuv, a tube].

II as cei tain shells ; asiphon

Esmarch's Bandage, or Apparatus. An elastic rubber
i limb to be amputated, in order
• it by the pressure of progres-
sing about the lim!) toward the
trun'r.. E.'s Operation. See Op Hon , Table of.
s Paste. ! ,f one part each

I sulphate of morphin, eight parts
gum arabic. E.'s
Tubes, test tub 1 thin layer of gelatin for

Esmarchin^ march, a German

i : :■ md

11 mber.
Baocolitia rithin ; k6Xov, colon].

: the mu ibrane of the colon ;

Itxm ■/, skin]. In

the ental sur-

Esodic (e-sod'-ik) [ec, into; <Wdo, way]. Afferent or
centripetal ; conveying impressions toward the central
nervous system -applied to certain nerves and nerve-
filaments.

Esoenteritis [es-o-en-ter-i1 '-lis) \iaut inward ; evrepov,
bowel ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the intestines.

Esogastritis [es-o-gas-tri' -/is) \kati, inward; yao
belly; enc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mu-
cous membrane of the stomach.

Esogenetic 1 ik) \kou, within ; yewav, to

produce]. Produced or arising within the organism.

Esophagalgia {e-sof-ag-alf-je-ah) [oiootj>u)<>c, esopha-
gus; iXyog, pain]. Pain in the esophagus.

Esophageal [e-sof-aj'-e-al or e-sof-aj-e' -al) [oirro^ayof,
iphagus]. Pertaining or belonging to the esophagus.
E. Glands. See Gland. E. Plexus. See /'/.

Esophagectomy {e-sof-aj-ek' -to-me) [o'iao(pdyog, esoph-
agus ; kurofii], a cutting out]. Extirpation of cancer
of the gullet with resection of the walls of the organ.

Esophagectopy (e-sof-aj-ek'-to-pe) \_i>'tat><l>ayoc, esoph-
agus; kuTonoi;, away from a place]. Displacement of
the esophagus.

Esophagism (e-sof'-aj-izm), Esophagismus (e-sof -
aj i;' -nuts) [oiooyayoq , esophagus]. Spasmodic con-
traction of the esophagus.

Esophagitis (e-sofaj-i'-u's) [otcro^dyor/, esophagus ; trie,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the esophagus.

Esophagocele (e-sof /-aj-o-sel) [olaoyayoq, esophagus ;
K///I/, hernia] . An abnormal distention of a portion
of the esophagus or of the entire tube ; hence it may
be general, annular, or pouched.

Esophagodynia (e-sof- aj-o-dinr-e-ah) [o'taofdyot;, esoph-
agus ; bdvvrj, pain]. Same as Esophagalgia.

Esophagomalacia (e-sof-aj-o-mal-a' '-se-ah) [otaoipayug ,
esophagus ; /mXania, softness]. Morbid softening of
the esophagus.

Esophagomycosis (e-sofai-o-mi-ko'-sis) [alanix) o< .
esophagus ; /"'«/?, a fungus]. Mycotic disease of the
esophagus.

Esophagopathy (e-snf-aj-op'-a/h-e) [oicroiidyoc, esoph-
agus ; ndttog, disease]. Any disease of the esophagus.

Esophagoplegia ye-sof-nj-o-ple' -je-ah) \tnootydyoc ,
esophagus; T7.riyr), a stroke]. Paralysis of the esoph-
agus.

Esophagorrhagia (e-sof-aj-or-a' -je-ah) [o'icmQdyoc,
esophagus ; pr/yvbvai, to break forth]. Hemorrhage
from the esophagus.

Esophagoscope (e-sof-aj'-o-skop) [oirropdyoc , esoph-
agus; ckotteIv, to view]. An instrument for examin-
ing the interior of the esophagus by artificial light.

Esophagoscopy (e-sof-aj-os' '-ko-pe') [(Hootyayog , esoph-
agus; (jKoneiv, to view]. Examination of the interior
of the esophagus.

Esophagospasm (e-sof '-aj-o-spazm). See Esophagis-
mus.

Esophagostenosis (e-sof-aj-o-ste-no' '-sis) [dujofyi
esophagus ; CTevuoiq, constriction]. Constriction of the
esophagus.

Esophagostomy (e-sof -aj-os' -to-me) [olao<f>dyoc, esoph-
agus; c-mia, mouth]. The formation of an artificial
opening in the esophagus.

Esophagotome (e-sof-af '-o-tdm) \jnno<pdyog, esophagus ;
rlpveiv, to cut]. An instrument devised for cutting
into the esophagus.

Esophagotomy (e-sof aj-of '-o-mr) [i>'ino(pdyoc, esoph-
agus ; TOftf], a cutting], < ipening of the esophagus
by an external incision.

Esophagus (e-sof ' -ag- us) [cJ/yim', niaeiv, to carry ; <>"-
to eat]. The gullet. The musculo membranous
canal, about nine inches in length, extending from the
pharynx to the stomach.

LSI iI'lloRIA

443

ES'l LANDER'S ME'] Hub

~r~r

Esophoria (es-o-fo'-re-ah) \_kau, inward; ipopeiv, to bear].
See Heterophoria.

Esorhinus [es-or-in' '-us) \elau, within ; ft'g, nose], I ,is
sauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed
between the lines running from the premaxillary point
and the incisive foramen to the naso-frontal point is
between o° and 20°.

Esoteric (e-so-ter* -ik) [eourepds, within ; kaurepiKdg, se-
cret, mysterious]. Arising within the organism.

Esotropia (e-so-tro* '-pe-ah) [tea, inward; Tpeireiv, to
turn]. (Convergent strabismus. See Strabismus.

Essence {es'-ens) [essentia, essence"], i. That quality
of a thing giving it peculiarity of power. 2. The pe-
culiar qualities of a drug extracted and reduced to a
small compass. 3. A solution of an essential oil in
alcohol.

Essential (es-en' '-shal) [essentia, essence]. Pertaining
to the essence of a substance. Pertaining to the pecu-
liar and distinctive characteristic of a disease. E.
Oils ; the essential or volatile oils (attars) are found
extensively distributed throughout the vegetable king-
dom. They occur in almost all parts of the plants
except the cotyledons of the seeds. They
impart the peculiar and characteristic
odors to the plants, furnish the perfumes,
spices, and aromatics, and many of them
possess valuable medicinal properties.
Chemically, essential oils are often divi-
ded roughly into three classes, — oils com-
posed of hydrocarbons only, oils contain-
ing hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated
products, and oils containing sulphur
compounds. A more exact, but still
quite general, chemic division is the
following: I. Oils consisting chiefly of terpenes
(C10H]fi) and oxidized products allied thereto; exam-
ples, oil of turpentine, oil of lemon, oil of camphor.
2. Oils consisting chiefly of cedrenes (C15H24) and
oxidized products allied thereto; examples, oil of
cedar, oil of cubebs, oil of cloves. 3. Oils consisting
chiefly of aromatic aldehyds and allied bodies ; exam-
ples, oil of bitter almonds, oil of cinnamon. 4. Oils
consisting chiefly of ethereal salts. These may be
either (a) oxygen salts, as in oil of wintergreen, or (/')
sulphur salts, as in oil of mustard, oil of garlic. E.
Paralysis, paralysis without characteristic anatomic
lesions.

Ester (es-ter). Any compound ether in which both an
alcohol radical and an acid radical are present. E.
Halogen, a derivative of the alcohols, obtained by
heating them with the hydrogen haloids, or with
the halogen derivatives of phosphorus. E. Haloid,
also called alkylogen ; any product of the action of the
halogen hydrid on the alcohols. The haloid esters
are perfectly analogous to the true esters produced by
the action of alcohols and oxygen acids.

Esthacyte (es'-tkas-tt) [aicOdveodai, to perceive ; kvtoq,
a cell]. In biology, one of the sense-cells of a sponge,
granular, spindle-shaped, bearing palpocils.

Esthematology (es-them-at-ol' -o-je) \aiaBrpia, a percep-
tion ; Aoyog, science]. The science of the sensations
and of the sense-apparatus.

Esthesia (es-the' '-ze-ah)[aiaftr/(7ic , sensation]. I. Capacity
of perception; feeling, or sensation. 2. Any nervous
disease that affects the senses or perceptions.

Esthesin [es7 -thes-in) [aicHf/nn;, sensibility], C.^-H^-
N03. A feebly basic body, said by Thudichum to be
obtainable from brain-tissue.

Esthesiodermia (es-the-ze-o-der' '•me-ah) [aZofltftrac, sen-
sation ; dippa, skin]. An affection of the skin with
disturbance of the sensory function, which may be
decreased, increased, or abolished.

Esthesiogen (es-the' -ze-o-jen) [ruaflr/oir, sensation ;
vav, to produce]. Any material, as a metal, which

in certain states of the body appears to have a specific

effect upon the sensibility of the patient.
Esthesiogenic (ei the-ze-o-jen'-ik) [alodqou . sensation ;

yevvav, to produce]. Relating to the production of

sensations.
Esthesiogeny [es-lhe-ze-of -en-e) [aiodr/aig, sensation;

yewao, to produce]. The production of altered or

perverted sensations.
Esthesiography (es-the-ze-og* '-ra-fe) [aicttr/mr, sensa

tion ; -//""• i , to write]. A description of the organs

of sensation and perception.
Esthesiology (es-the-ze-ol' -o-je) [niaHr/aiq, a feeling ;

'/"],<)€, science]. A treatise on, or the science of, the

senses.
Esthesiomania (es-the-ze-o-ma' '-ne-ah) [aiodt/oig, feel-
ing; /lai'ia, madness]. Insanity marked by perverted

moral feeling and by purposeless eccentriciti* -.
Esthesiometer {es-tke-ze-om' -et-er) [aiodqaii . -ensation ;

fiirpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring

tactile sensibility.

1 1 1 1

MM

1 M 1

Esthesiomkter of Sieveking. (From Aitkin.)

Esthesiometry (es-the-ze-om' -et-re) [_aiad>/atc, sensation ;
ptrpov, measure]. The measurement or estimation
of tactile sensibility.

Esthesioneurosis [es-the-se-o-nu-rof -sis) [_alodr/ciq, per-
ception; VEvpov, nerve]. Any nervous disease in
which there are disorders of sensation.

Esthesis (es-the' -sis) [aiodr/aic;, sensation]. Sensibility;
sense-perception; a feeling or sense-impression.

Esthesodic (es-the-sod'-ih) \_alcdrjaiq, sensation ; 666c,
a way]. Serving to convey sense-impressions, as to
the brain.

Esthetophore (es-tket* ' -o-for) [alaBtjroq, sensible ; (pepetv,
to bear]. In biology, the hypothetic physical basis
of consciousness (Cope).

Esthiomene (es-the-om'-en-e) \hcftwpkvr) , eating]. Lu-
pus exedens ; lupus of the vulva ; a very rare and
chronic disease commencing during the menstrual
period. It is a form of ulceration accompanied by-
fibrous overgrowths of the surrounding and adjacent
tissues. It produces hard, cicatricial tissue on healing.
There is a process of imperceptible disintegration of
the tissues, but no sloughing. Death may result from
hemorrhage or perforation into the peritoneal cavity
or bladder.

Esthiomenous (es-the-om'-en-us) [hodiopevrj, eating].
Corroding ; phagedenic.

Esthophysiology 1 es-tho-fiz-e-oV -o-je) [aladriatq, sensa-
tion ; Oi'ff'C, nature ; /.070c, science]. The physiology
of sensation and of the sense-apparatus.

Estival (es'-tiv-al) [astas, summer]. In biology, pro-
duced in summer.

Estivation (es-tiv-a'-shun) [astivare, to pass the sum-
mer]. In biology, (a) the dormant condition of
certain plants and animals during the summer ; (b)
the arrangement of the floral organs in the bud.

Estlander's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. E.
Operation. See Operations, Table of.

ESTRl 'MAMA

111

I 1 1IIO

Estromania gad-fly; lust;

• I Sam

Estrual fly]. Pertaining to

estrual

Estruation . ^-l(1 'b']- The

the influence oi intense

Estrum, Estrus gad ily].

Any vehem sation in am

tion 1 he orgasm.
Estuanum : I A vapor-

i to apply warm, dry air
il the same time.
Estuution . heat]. 1 [eat ;

pUS l he yolk or suint of

Ethal . the upper air], C16HMOH.

i from spermaceti

. and named by him. It is a solid, fusible

aceti, and on cooling

[l ptible of union with

vai ■ uii which it forms sa ips.

Ethaldehyd yd.

Ethane , the upper air]. Paraffin; any

■ the dry distillation of wood,
turf, bitumii . lignite, and bituminous coal,

rich in hydrogen. The ethanes are
thu ' in illuminating gas and the light tar-oils,

ins them already formed. The lowest
ne, arc gases at ordinary temper-
ate- il and ether. The intermediate

if faint, characteristic

. i'Ut miscible with alcohol and

higher members are crystalline solids (par-

ible in alcohol, and more readily in ether.

: the liquid and solid hvdro-

with tin- molecular weights, but they

gravity of water. The

with the molecular weights.

Miial structure possess the highest

-t are those of the quaternary

e under Jly-

Ethene E. Chlorid.

Ethc: upper air], i. The

tie fluid lilh- and interpenetrating

all uii of transmission of the vibratory

ii ity, and magnetism.

itile, and highly inflammable

lid ; in tion a di ethylic oxid (C2H5)20,

er. It is usi d mainly as asol-

■ tic. Internally

otic.

stimulanl in

to designati
pounds. See Table an-

Acetic, I ,,f

E., Commercial, i
It is imiii for use except
E. fortior, should . nt.

3J. E., Hydriodic, u:
E., Hydrobromic, unof.
E. Oleum, contains equal |
ether and 1 E., Spt.,of. ether }2.5

I-. , Comp. Spt. of. 1 1 off man's

■nt.
E. nitrous, Spirit.

thyl nitnt ,,,]. Do

.s mainl)

compounds known as ethers which are products of the
union of two monovalent alcohol radicals through the
agem v of an oxygen atom. They arc the oxids of
the alcohol radicals, and are neutral, volatile bodies,
nearly insoluble in water. The lowest members are
liquid ; the highest are solids. E. -acids, the so-
called neutral esters. They are not volatile; are sol
uble in water, and yield bases with vilts. E. -drink-
ing, E. -intoxication, a form of tippling somewhat
Common in Some parts of Ireland. Thus taken.

ether is similar in effects to alcohol, but more rapid

in action, and its use is attended with profound moral

degeneration. E., Mixed, ether containing different

ohol radicals. E., Simple, ether containing two

.similar alcohol radicals.

TABLE OF ETHERS.
Of i in-: Fatty Compounds.

Name.

Formula.

< 0

So

0 <
O O

£P

J Z

7."

0 >

£ r-

U.' ^

t X

</2(J

Methyl, . . .

(CHa),0

(las. nor-
mally. Li-
quid at
-230 C.

Ethyl

(C2H5)20

Liquid.

35°

0.736 at o°.

Propyl, . . .

(C3H7)20

Liquid.

60-62°

Butyl

(C4H9)20

176°

Auivl, . . .

(C5H„l,0

Liquid.

0779.

Cetyl

(CieHgaljO

Solid.

300°

Vinyl

i< _ii3i„o

39°

Allyl, ....

(C3Hr,).,0
C2H3 O C2H5

85°

Vinyl ethyl, .

Liquid.

35-5°

Allyl ethyl, .

CaHj.O.CaHs

Liquid

66°

Ethereal (e-the'-re-al) [tether, the upper air]. Per-
taining to the ether or to ether.

Ethereomania [e-the-re-o-ma' '-ne-ak) [other, ether;
iim-'ii. madness]. The mania for drinking ether;
ether-intoxication.

Ethereomaniac [e-the-re-o-ma/ -ne-ak ) [other, ether ;
fiavia, madness]. ( >ne who is addii ted to the use of
ethei as a stimulant.

Etherify [e' '-ther-if-i) [other, ether; facere, to make].
To convert into ether.

Etherism [e/-ther-izm) [other, ether]. The phenomena
produced upon the animal economy by the administra-
tion oi ethei .

Etherization [e-ther-iz-a' 'shun) [other, ether]. The
administration of ether to produce anesthesia. This
Fected \<\ inhalation of the vapor.

Etheromania (e-ther-o-ma,-ne-ah) [other, ether ; fiav'ta,
madness]. See Ethereomania.

Ethics (eth'-iks) [b0iK6g, moral]. The science of human
feelings, thoughts, and actions relating to duty or

ETUI DENE

445

EUCALVI'-in|.

morality. E., Medical, the duties a physician ow< -

to himself, his profession and bis fellow men.

Ethidene [eth'-id-in) lather, ether], < " , 1 1 , . Ethyli
dene ; a bivalent radicle. E. Chlorid, or Dichlorid,
a colorless, transparent, oily fluid, tasting and smelling
like chloroform, with a specific gravity of 1174 at
170 C. , ami boiling at oo° C. It is prepared from alde-
hyd by acting upon it with pentachlorid of phos
phorus; it is also formed a> a bye-product in the pre-
paration of chloral, and is separated by distillation and
subsequent fractionation. It is insoluble in water,
but soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and oils.
It is less inflammable than chloroform, but rapidly
decomposes. It bas been used a> a general anes-
thetic. See Anesthetic. E. Diethylate. See Acetal.

Ethiopification {e-the-op-if-ik-a/shun) [n'ltliorp, an
^Ethiopian ; facere, to make]. A darkening of the
skin such as sometime-, results from the misuse of
mercurial, silver, or arsenical remedies.

Ethmocephalus {eth-mo-sef/-al-ui 1 \ififi6c, ethmoid ■
nepa'/i/, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters
of the species cyclocephalus, in which there is a repre-
sentative of the nose in the shape of a proboscis
terminating anteriorly in two imperfect nostrils or in a
single opening. There are two eves and two eye-
sockets.

Ethmocranial (eth-mo-kra* '-ne-al) \rfip.6g, ethmoid;
Kpav'vov, skull]. Relating to the ethmoid and to the
rest of the cranium.

Ethmofrontal (eth-mo-frun'-tal) [ydp6g, ethmoid ; fron-
ta 'is, front] . Relating to the ethmoid and frontal bones

Ethmoid [etk'-moid) [//WuoV, a sieve; eldog, likeness].
The cribriform bone of the nose, perforated for the
transmission of the olfactory nerve ; it forms a part of
the base of the skull.

Ethmoid or Ethmoidal {elk' -moid, eth-moi' -dal)
[i,l>itvg, a sieve; eldog, likeness]. Relating to the
ethmoid bone.

Ethmoiden [eth-moi' '-den) [ifiuog, a sieve ; eldog, like-
ness]. Belonging to the ethmoid bone in itself.

Ethmoiditis (eth-moid-i* -tis) \jfi\i6g, a sieve; eldog,
likeness; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
ethmoid bone, or of the ethmoid sinuse>.

Ethmoplecosis [etk-mo-ple-kof -sis) [iftuog, sieve ; 7r/li-
xeiv, to twine ; voaog, disease]. Any disease attacking
the cellular tissue.

Ethmoturbinal (eth-mo-tur'-bin-al) [/yfy/oc, a sieve ;
turbo, a top]. Relating to the turbinal portions of the
ethmoid bone, forming what are known as the supe-
rior and middle turbinated bones.

Ethmyphe [eth' '-mif-e) [r/6fi6g, sieve; vfij, web]. The
connective tissue.

Ethmyphitis (eth-mif-i' -tis) \_i/0fi6g, sieve ; voi/, web ;
trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ethmyphe or
connective tissue ; cellulitis.

Ethnic [eth'-nik) [eOvog, a race]. Pertaining to race.
E. Idiocy. See Idiocy, Ethnic.

Ethnology {eth-nol'-o-je) \iBvog, a nation ; \6yog,
science]. The comparative study of the races of man-
kind.

Ethoxycaffein {eth-oks-e-kaff-e-in), Cl0Hu\(O.,. A
remedy recommended to relieve the pain of herpes zos-
ter, migraine, and neuralgia. In overdoses it ha> a
toxic effect ; gr. viij causes drunkenness and vomiting.
1 'ose gr. iv. Unof.

Ethusa [e-thu'-sak) \affleiv, to burn]. A genus of um-
belliferous plants. E. cynapium, or fools' parsley,
has poisonous qualities. It was formerly used as an
emmenagogue. l'nof.

Ethusin \etliu' '-.<•/;/ i [affleiv, to bum]. A poisonous
alkaloid obtainable from Ethusa cynapium, or fools'
parsley.

Ethyl (,i:i'-il\ [a'tBqp, ether; i'/i/, material], C.,II5.
The hypothetic radicle of alcohol. E. Blue.
Pigments, Conspectus of. E. Bromid, < .11 I'.r, Brom-
ethyl-; monobromethane. A rapid and transient an-
ieiu . Narcosis ^ produced in one half to one min-
ute, and does not last much longer. See Anesthetic.
E. Bromid, Liq., I in 200, used in angina pectoris.
Dose ^ss-ij. l'nof. E. Chlorid. < ,11/1. Chloric
Ether. An anesthetic resembling chloroform inaction.
It i-> sometimes followed by corneal opacity. See An-
esthetic. Unof. E. Eosin. Same as Primrose. E.
Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. E. Iodid. ' .11
I. Ilvdriodic Ether. Used to relieve the dyspnea of
bronchitic asthma and edematous laryngitis. I ><>se to
lie inhaled, n\, v, three or four times daily. L'nof. E.
Purple. See Pigment . <>f.

Ethylamin [eth-il'-am-in) \aiQr\p, ether ; '/'/.material;
amin\. A uon-poisonous ptomaine formed in putre-
fying yeast, in wheat-flour, and in the distillation of
beet-sugar residues. It is a strongly ammoniacal
liquid, boiling at l8.7°C, and is miscible with water
in every proportion ; it is combustible, and possesses
strong basic properties.

Ethylene {eth'-il-in) [«/'%>, ether ; />/,, matter]. Ole-
fiantgas, C,II,. A colorless, poisonous gas having an
unpleasant, suffocating smell. It burns with a bright
luminous flame, and when mixed with air explodes vio-
lently. It is one of the constituents of illuminating
gas, and has strong affinities, especially for chlorin,
with which it unites to form an oily compound. E.
Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. E. Bromid, a
light brownish-colored liquid with the formula, (_'., II4
lit.,. It has been used with great benefit in epilepsy
in \£ to 2^ minim doses two or three times daily
Unof. E. Chlorid. See Ethene chloral.

Ethylidene (eth-il'-id-Bri). See Ethidene.

Ethylidenediamin ( eth-ti'-id-in-di'-am-in). ( .' .. II,.
(NH.,).,. A poisonous ptomaine obtained from de-
composing haddock. Injections of the ptomaine in
mice and guinea-pigs produce abundant flow of secre-
tion from the nose, mouth, and eyes ; the pupils dilate
and the eyeballs project. Violent dyspnea follows and
continues until death, which does not take place for
twenty-four hours or more. The heart is stopped in
diastole.

Etiolate (e' -te-o-laf) [F., itioler, to blanch]. In biology,
to blanch or be whitened by the exclusion of light.

Etiolation {e-te-o-la'-shun) \¥r.,etioler, to blanch]. The
paleness or blanching, in plants or animals, from con-
finement in darkness.

Etiolin (ef -te-o-liri) [Fr., etioler, to blanch]. The yel-
low pigment of etioiate leaves.

Etiology (e-tt'-oF-o-jc) [curia, a cause ; /'<} of, science].
A treatise on, or pertaining to, the causes of disease.

Etrotomy {e-trott '-o-me) [f/rpov, pelvis ; rofirj, section].
A name proposed for pel vie section. Cf. Pubetrotomy.

Euanthol {it-a>i'-tho!\ [ev, well ; avOog, a flower; oleum,
oil], C7IIuO. Euantnylic aldehyd, a product of the
distillation of castor-oil ; it is a liquid of pungent odor,
boiling at from 1530 to 1540 C.

Eucalin [u'-kal-in) [ev, well; KaXvirreiv, to cover],
CRH1206. A glucose arising from the fermentation
of melitose. Its properties are similar to those of
inosite. It is non-fermentable, and dextrorotatory.

Eucalyptol (u-kal-ip'-tol) \jl, well; KokviiTEiv, to
cover], C,0H18O. An antiseptic camphor, prepared
from the essential oil derived from the distillation of
the leave- of E. globulus, and other species of the
genus. It is used in bronchitis and chronic catarrh ;
and also in ear-di^-ea-e- and in urethritis, and externally
in various liniments and washes. Dose n\iv, in cap-
sules, three times daily. Unof.

El CM \ T

■Hi;

i:i I'lIo.NIA

Eucalyptus [u-kal-i [tv, well; , to

cover] liie leaves (lanceolate, after three years'
growth) of E. globulus, >>r Bine (aim, native i<> Au-
tr.ili.i, hot dow cultivated in California. It contains
a volatile oil, that J a camphor,

by distillation It i^ an ai bitter, promoting

digestion. It is highly antiseptic and anti-malarial,
ible in atonic dyspepsia and in intermittent
E . Ext. iij-x. E., Fid. Ext.,

alcoholic. Dosetl^x-xj. E.Qum(B. ?.); also called
Australian Kino; a red gum from the bark of the E.

■> u i "t Austra-
lia, h . and valuable in the treat-
it of relaxed throat. Dose gr. ij-x. The genus
En j many s] I trees and shrubs,
nearly all of which appear to have useful medicinal
pr E. Honey, honey gathered by bees from
the flowers of various species of Eucalyptus. It is
highly aromatic, containing eucalyptol (17 per cent. ),
and a terpene. It is valued in Australian
aestic practice as a cure for almost all catarrhal
troubles. E. Manna, a variety of manna produced
in Australia from E. riminalis, E. mannifera, and
E E. Ol., the volatile oil. Dose TTLv-xxx,
in capsules or emulsion. E., Tinct. (Jnof. Dose
~ ij. E. Unguentum (B. P.). Seldom used.
Eucheuma [u-ku'-ma [ i< . well-flavored]. A
l weeds. E. gelatinse and E. spinosum,
a S. E. Asian seas, atTord some part of the agar-
a_;ar of commerce.
Euchlorin u k'o'-rin) [rf, well; xKap6g, greenish]. A

mixture "f chlorous acid and free chlorin.
Euchroic Acid [u-kr</-ik). See Acid.
Euchylia [u '/."--• ah) [///■, well ; xv'/.oc, the chyle]. A

normal condition of the chyle.
Euchymia [u kirn' well; xvf*6c, juice]. A

healthy condition of the fluids of the body.
Eucinesia, Eukinesia iu-kin-e'-se-ah) \j&, well ;

i/oic, motion]. Normal power of movement.
Eucrasia [u-kraf -te-afc) [.•('•, well; upaaig, mixture].
Good health ; a sound constitution ; the reverse of
dyscrasia.
Eucyclic \u-sikf-Uk) [ei, well ; icbicXoc, a circle]. In
. applied to flowers, the organs in each whorl
■ if winch <• pial in number, and alternate with, those
ling whorl.
Eudiometer {u-de-om' -et-er) [evdia, calm weather;
-are]. An instrument for ascertaining the
pun' air, and for the analysis of gases.

Eudipleural [u-de-plu'-ral) [ei, well ; dig, two ; -'/.evpd,

]. In biology, bilaterally symmetric.
Euesthesia . .veil ; aiodr/rjic, sensa-

]. The sense of well-being; vigor and normal
-es.
Eugenesis [u-jen' -es-is) [ei, well .generation].

In i fertility.

Eugenia | [after Prince Eugene of Savoy],

than 500 species of myrtaceous trees
al. E. caryophylata yields
•>( E. pimenta.
^ ;lr inal, and some afford

E. cheken.
Eugenic Ac; I
Eugenii;
Eugenol . Q\\i c \ \

> oil,
: '.il that boils at

id a local anesthetic in
I nof.
Eukinesia

Eulachon Oil. or Eulachoni Oleum (u'-l,,h «. .,r

01 \..rth Pacific

islands]. Candle-fish Oil. The oil of the fish Thale-
ichthys pacificus, or candlefish. It is less disagreeable
than cod-liver oil, for which it is often substituted.
I (ose 3J— iv. Unof.

Eulyptol [u-lipZ-tol). An antiseptic substance com-
posed "I six parts of salicylic acid and one part each
of carbolic acid and essence of eucalyptus. It does
not produce albuminate-, when applied to wounds.
Dose internally, 3 ij-iiss per diem. See Eucalyptus.

Eumerism [u' '-mer-izm) [ei, well ; ukpog, a part]. In
biology, opposed to dysmerism; an aggregate of
eumeristic parts.

Eumeristic [u-mer-is'-tik) [ev, well ; uepireiv, to divide].
In biology, applied to an aggregation of like parts
arranged in a regular series, as a tapeworm.

Eumerogenesis {u-me-ro-jen'-es-is) [ei, well ; fiipog,
division; yeveavg, generation]. In biology, develop-
ment by fission, or the multiplication of like parts,
producing a regular series.

Eumeromorph [ii'-mer-o-morf) [ei, well ; fiipog, a
division; fiopcpij, shape]. An organism resulting from
eumerogenesis, as an arthrosporous bacillus-filament.

Eunuch [u'-nuk) [evvovxoc, guardian of the couch].
One from whom the genital organs have been removed
or mutilated so as to render him impotent.

Eunuchism [uf -nuk-izrn) [evvovxog, guardian of the
couch]. The condition of being a eunuch.

Euonymin (ii-on'-im-in) [ev&wpog, having a good
name]. A precipitate from the tincture of Wahoo,
Euonymus americanus ; it is tonic, laxative, and ex-
pectorant. Dose ]/z to 3 grains. Unof.

Euonymus {u-onf -im-<us) [ev&w/iog, having a good
name]. 1. A genus of celastraceous shrubs and trees.
2. Wahoo. The bark of E. atropurpureus is an astrin-
gent tonic and purgative, resembling rhubarb, jalap,
aloes, etc., but rather milder. It is beneficially em-
ployed in dropsy and hepatic affections. E., Ext.
Dose gr. j-v. E., Ext., Fid. Dose 3 ss-ij. E.,
Tinct. (1 in 5). Dose Tr^x-xl. E. americanus has
similar properties.

Eupareunia (itpar-u'-ne-ah ) [ev, well ; -irdpewoc,
spouse]. Sexual compatibility.

Eupathia, or Eupatheia [u-patli-i'-ah) [eviraf)e/a ; ei,
well; Ttddoc, feeling]. I. Euphoria. 2. Sensitive-
ness to impressions.

Eupatorin (it-pat-o' -rhi) [thrcardpiov , agrimony]. 1. A
precipitate from the tincture of Thoroughwort, Eupa-
torium perfoliatwn ; it is aperient, emetic, febrifuge
and tonic. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. 2. A crys
talline glucosid from Eupatoriu?n cannabinum of
Europe. See also Eupurpurin.

Eupatorium (ti-pat-o'-re-nm) [f!~nrdpiov, agrimonv].
A genus of composite-flowered plants. In pharmacy,
Eupatorium denotes the leaves and flowering-tops of
£. perfoliatum, thoroughwort, or boneset. It is a bitter
tonic, diaphoretic, aperient and emetic, of value in re-
mittent and typhoid fevers, and thought, also, to be a
teniafuge. E., Fid. Ext. Dose \r\\-^]. E. pur-
pureum, trumpet-weed, another American species,
has similar qualities (see Eupurpurin), but is more
markedly diuretic, as is also E. amarissimum, of the
U. S. Many other species of this large genus are ac-
tively medicinal.

Eupepsia [u-pep/-se-ah ) [ei, well ; ttZttteiv, to digest].
Sound or normal digestion.

Eupeptic [u-pep'-tik ) [ei, well ; Trtirretv, to digest].
e-sing a good digestion; promoting digestion.

Euperistalsis (uper-is-tal'-sis) [ei, well; rcepl, around;
nru/rstc, compression]. The quiet peristaltic move-
ments of the intestines in health. See Peristalsis.

Euphonia [u-fi/ -ne-ah ) [ev, well; <povr/, voice]. A
normal, good, and clear condition of the voice.

KUPHONY

447

EUTuCIA

Euphony (u'fon-e). See Euphonia.

Euphorbia \it-for' -be-ah ) [ewp6p/3iov, an African
plant]. A genus of some 700 species of trees, shrubs
and herbs, mostly with a milky, acrid, or poisonous
juice. E. resinifera, of Africa affords euphorbium.
E. lathyris, yields oil of euphorbia, an active, but
uncertain cathartic. From E. drummondii, druinin
is prepared. In N. America, E. corollata, E. ipe-
cacuanha, E. vulgaris, E. prostrate, and other na-
tive species have been employed in medicine, thru:
being about 100 species in the U. S. E. pilulifera,
of S. America and Australia, has reputed value in
asthma and cardiac dyspnea. Dose of the extract
gr. j. ; of the fluid extract 3 ss-j ; of the tincture 3 ss-j ; •
to be used with great caution. E. piscidia, of trop-
ical America, a virulent poison, is locally employed as
a caustic. Many other species are actively medicinal.

Euphorbin (it -for' -Hit] [t io<>t> imr, an African plant].
A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Euphorbia
corollata : it is an emetic, expectorant, vermifuge and
arterial sedative. Dose '4 to 3 grains. Unof.

Euphorbium [u-for1 '-be-um) [ev(j>6pftiov, an African
plant]. An acrid gum-resin afforded by Euphorbia
resinifera and E. officinarum. It is strongly purga-
tive and vesicant, and is now mainly employed in
veterinary medicine.

Euphoria [u-for1 '-e-ah) [evtyopoc, easily carried]. I.
The sense of well-being or health. 2. Ability to
endure pain.

Euphoric (u-for' -ik) [ei^opor, easily carried]. Marked
by or pertaining to euphoria.

Euphorin (u' -for in) [y'roopne, easily carried], CaO,Hn.
Phenyl-urethan, derived from anilin, a white crystal-
line powder, nearly insoluble in water, soluble in
weak alcohol. It is recommended as a safe and
rapid antipyretic in doses of from 5 to 30 grains daily.
Unof. See Phenyl-urethan.

Euphrasia (u-fra'-ze-ak) [evtypaoia, delight]. Eye-
bright. A small annual, formerly much used in eye-
affections. It is of utility as an astringent lotion in
conjunctivis, and invaluable in breaking up nasal
catarrh and in hay-fever. E., Tinct., strength 1.9.
Dose n\, j-v.

Eupitton [uf -pit-on), C.,-H2609. Eupittonic acid. An
aurin into which six methoxyi groups have been intro-
duced. It forms orange-yellow crystals, melting with
decomposition, at 2000 C.

Euplastic (u-plas'-tik) [eu, well; tcTmcgziv, to form].
Susceptible of being transformed into sound, healthy,
and permanent tissue.

Eupnea (ftp-ne' -alt) \tv, well; irvkuv, to breathe].
Normal and easy respiration.

Eupurpurin [u-pur/-pu-rin) [ev,well ; pupura, purple].
A precipitate from the tincture of Eupatorium purpu-
reutn : it is diuretic, stimulant, astringent, and tonic.
Dose I to 4 grains. Unof.

Eurhipidurous [u-rip-id-u' '-rus) \_ev, well ; />/~(V, a
fan; ovpa, tail]. In biology, applied to such birds
as have a fan-like arrangement of the tail-feathers.

Eurhodins {uf-ro-dinz). Dyes derived from the phena-
zins by the introduction of one or more amido-groups.
They are feeble bases.

European Cholera. Synonym of Cholera.

Europhen [ur-ro-fen). A preparation of iodin recom-
mended as a substitute for iodoform. It is a valuable
antiseptic, antisyphilitic, and antituberculotic. In skin-
diseases, a 5 to 10 per cent, ointment is employed. It
is used hypodermatically in doses of gr. '/^-iss. Chemi-
cally, it contains one atom of iodin joined to two
molecules of isobutylcresol. Unof. E.-aristol, a
preparation of europhen with aristol ; a substitute for
iodoform.

Eurycephalic, or Eurycephalous, [u-ris-ef-al'-ik,
u-ris-eff-al-us) [evpvg, w , head]. I'.road-

headed ; having a very wide skull.

Eurycerous [u-ris/ -er-us) [evpvg, hroeA ; nepag, ahorn].
In biology, having broad horns.

Eurychasmus [u-rik azf-mui) ["'/»'/. broad ; \nnu<i, a
chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle
formed between the lines joining the point of the wing
of the vomer and the posterior nasal spine and anterior
margin of the foramen magnum i^ bet ween 1530 and

I54°-

Eurycoronine [u-rih-or-o,-nin) [evpvg, broad ; Kopimrj,
crown]. In biology, having broad-crowned molar
teeth.

Eurypylous (it-rip'-il-iu) [evpvg, wide ; -'/>/, a gate].
In biology, applied to such structures as have wide
and directly communicating openings.

Eurystomatous [u-ris-to1 '-mat-us) [evpvg, wide; arbpa,
mouth]. In biology, applied to animals with large,
wide mouths.

Eurythermal [u-rith-er'-mal) [evpvg, wide; fit pur/,
heat]. Capable of sustaining a great range of temper-
ature .

Eusomphalus [u-som* ' -fal-its) [ev, good; bitda/or,
navel]. A double monstrosity in which the vital func-
tions of each individual are independent, and in which
each has a distinct umbilicus.

Eustachian [u-sta' -ke-an) [evara^vr, rich in corn].
Pertaining to the Italian anatomist, Kustachio. E.
Artery. See Arteries, Table of. E. Catheter, an
instrument for dilating and otherwise treating the
Eustachian tube ; it is introduced along the floor of
the nose. E. Tube, the canal extending from the
tympanum to the pharynx. E. Valve, a prolonga-
tion or continuation of the lining membrane of the
post-cava into the right auricle of the fetal heart to
about half of its breadth. Its function is to direct
the blood from the post-cava across the auricle toward
the foramen ovale.

Eustachius, Canal of. See Canal.

Eustomatous (u-sto' -mat-its) [ev, well ; nrdua, mouth].
In biology, having a well-formed oral aperture.

Eustrongylus (it-stron'-jil-us) [ev, well ; a-pn^yv7.or,
round]. A genus of parasitic nematode worms. E.
gigas. See Thread-worms, and Parasites (Animal),
Table of.

Eusystole (it-sis' -to-le) [ev, well ; ovnrofo'/, contraction].
A normal contraction of the cardiac cavities.

Eutaxia (ii-taks'-e-ah) \_fv, well; rai-ig, order]. A
normal condition of the body.

Euthanasia (it-than-a'-ze-ah) [n'\ well ; Odvaror,
death]. An easy or calm death.

Euthycoryphus (ii-thik-or'-if-its) [evflvc, straight ;
Kopvfi/, the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in
which the parietal angle is between 1420 and 15 1°.

Euthymetopus (it-thim-et' '-o-pits) [ebdig, straight;
piru-rrov, the forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angle between the lines joining the
metopion and bregma and nasion is between I410 and
151.5°.

Euthymia [u-thtm' -e-ah) [ew, well ; 6vp6c, mind].
Tranquility ; cheerfulness.

Euthyopisthocranius (it-tlie-o-pis-tlio-kra'-ne-us) [ >' -
. straight ; birtaOoxpaviov, the occiput]. Lissauer's
term for a skull in which the angulus summi occipitis
is between 154° and 1720.

Euthyuranus [u-the-u' -ran-us\ [evftvg, straight ; oi:>-
the nof of the mouth]. Lissauer's term for a skull
in which the angulus summi palati is between 163. 50
and 1S00.

Eutocia (u-to'-ke-ah) [fi',well ; t6koc, childbirth]. An
easy natural delivery.

Ill kitl'HIC

II-

EVO] l 1 l< IN

Eutrophic {u-h ■'. well; . t<> nourish],

tabling to eutrophj ; promoting the nutritiv<
-- ; well-nourish<
Eutrophy, or Eutrophia [ew,

(Urishj. A state of normal or
healthy nutrition; the condition of being well-
nourish
Eutropic {u- . to turn]. In

ing with the sun.
Euxanthin >. well; .yellow],

ntial constituent of Purree, </. v.
It Is.

Evacuan; to empty], i.

\ medicine that in< reases

tcuation of an organ, especially

til. • A purgatn

Evacuation . a voiding].

act of voiding; that which is voided.

Evalvular [ . priv. . a valve]. In

Evaporation \un ) [e, priv. ; vapor,

■r] In pharmacy, the process of converting a
uid into vapor bj the agency of heat.
Eve and Lingard, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Syno-

Evectics '■ i [evetcrucdg, in good health]. An

old name for hygiene ; the science of good health.
Even-headed Neither right-headed

■ left-headed. Even-headedness is a condition
union among the lower animals, and among idiots,
imbeciles, and races of men of low development.
Evening Primrose [fi/-ning primf-roz). The flower-
g tops of (En <thera biennis, recommended for
una with gastric irritability. Dose of the fid. ext.
5J- Unof.
Eventration 4mm) [e, out of; venter, the

i ttrusion of the abdominal viscera, es-
ially in a monstrosity. The term is used also as a
v . tbd <men, </. v.
Evergreen-oak See Oak-bark.

Everitt's Salt. A compound of iron and potassium

E.'s Test. 5ei Tests, Tab.

Everlasting \u i fin ). A popular name for

•ain plants of the genera Gnaphalium and Anten-

'. composite-flowered plants. A. di

mtibechic. A. margaritarea of N.

Am stringent, and is considered a

• 'antaginifolia has similar qualities.

Evernia »'oc, sprout]. A

•us lichens. E. prunastri. See

Everninic Acid [ev-ur-nin' -ik) . See Acid.

Eversion in) | a turning out]. A

turning outward. E. of the Eyelid, a folding of

for the purpose o( exposing the

surface or sulcus. See also Ectropium.

Evertebral rtebra, a vertebra].

Not ., nor derived from v<

Evidence [n [ega] l:

on nee or non-exis-

r the truth or falsehood of an alleged fact is

idenl ; proof, as of insanity.

E.. Circumstantial, evi usions ba

tual den m. E.,

Conclusive or Positive that admits of no

E., Expert ,re a jury b)

Evil • ill | i. ,\ 2. Syn

Eviration rate]. I.

; a form of sexual per-

version in which there is a deep and permanent as-
sumptii 'ii of feminine qualities, with corresponding loss

ol manly qualities. The opposite of this is termed
Defemination.

Evisceration [e-vis-er-a'-shuri) [e, out ; viscera, the
bowels]. The removal of the viscera. E. of the
Eye, removal of the entire contents of the globe of
the eye. Leaving the sclerotic intact, — an operation in
place of enucleation, and following which some opera
tors insert a glass or metallic shell globe, called an
artificial vitreous, to preserve the shape, etc., of the
eye ball. E., Obstetric, the removal of the abdominal
or thoracic viscera of the fetus in embryotomy.

Evolution (ev-o-lu'-shun) [evolutio; cvolvete, to unroll]

1. The development or temporary growth and organic
change that take place in the uterus during pregnancy.

2. In biology, (i) the doctrine of incasement or
preformation of the early physiologists, which sup
posed that all parts of the fully-formed animal or
plant were present in a minute form in the germ.
Cf. Epigenesis. (2) The doctrine of descent often
spoken of as Darwinism, based upon the capacity of
every plant and animal to produce other individuals
of a like kind, but varying to a greater or less degree
according to the differentiation induced by special
environment and natural selection. Cf. Pangenesis,
Blastogenesis, Epigenesis, Ontogeny, Phytogeny, Natu-
ral Selection. E., Factors of, the recognized factors
of evolution are at least five, viz. : (I) Pressure of
an environment affecting function and function affect-
ing structure, and the changed structure and function
inherited and integrated through successive genera-
tions. (2) Use and disuse of organs reacting on
growth-force and producing change in form, structure,
and size of parts, and such change inherited and in-
tegrated through successive generations. (3) Natural
selection among individuals of those most in accord
with an ever-changing environment — or, as it has been
otherwise called, " survival of the fittest." (4) Sex-
ual selection : the selection by the female, among vary-
ing male individuals, of the strongest or the most
attractive. .Among mammals, the selection is mainly
of the strongest, as decided by battle ; among birds, of
the most attractive, as determined by splendor of color
or beauty of song. (5) Physiologic selection, or selec-
tion of those varieties the individuals of which are
fertile among themselves, but sterile or less fertile with
other varieties and with the parent stock. This has
also been called " segregate fecundity" by Gulick
and homogamy by Romanes. These five factors are
not universally recognized. The first two are Lam-
arckian, the second two Darwinian factors. In the
Lamar cki an factors the changes occur during in</i-
vidual life, and the offspring is supposed to inherit
them unchanged. In the Darwinian factors, on the
contrary, the changes are in the offspring, and the indi-
viduals during life are supposed to remain substanti-
ally unchanged. The fifth factor has been brought
forward by Romanes and Gulick and is not yet uni
versally recognized. (6) To these recognized factors
of organic evolution must now be added, in human

lulion, another and far higher factor, viz., conscious,
voluntary cooperation in the work of evolution, con-
seioiis striving for the betterment of the individual and
of the race. This factor consists essentially in the
formation and pursuit of ideals. This is called a fat i"i .
but it is also much more than a factor. It stands in
place of nature herself- -it is a higher, rational nature
using all the factors of physical nature for its own
higher purposes. To distinguish the evolution deter-
mined bj this factor from organic evolution, it is called
progres Underlying all these* factors as their nee-

EVULSION

449

EXCITATION

essary condition, and therefore themselves not called
factors, are two opposite operative principles, viz.,
heredity and variability. Like the conservative and
progressive elements in society, one tends to fixedrj
the other to change. The one initiates change, the
other accumulate.-, its effects in successive generatii
The one tries all things, the other holds fast to whal
ever is good. They are both equally necessarj to l he-
successful operation of any or all of the fa< tors. E.,
Ontogenetic, the development of an embryo from an
egg. E., Phylogenetic, the evolution of species. E.,
Spontaneous, a term expressive ol the unaided oc-
currence in childbirth of a series of changes, whereby
a shoulder-presentation is transformed within the pel-
vis into a combined breech and-shoulder-presentation
and delivery effected.

Evulsion [e-vuV -shun) [evulsio ; evellere , to pluck out].
The forcible tearing or plucking away of a part, as a
polypus, tonsil, etc.

Ewald's Test-breakfast. A method used in ascertain-
ing the condition of the gastric juice. It consists of
35 to 70 grams of white bread and 300 cm. of water,
or a cup of weak tea without milk or sugar.

Ewald and Boas's Method. A method of removing the
contents of the stomach. It is carried out by causing
the patient to make forcible voluntary contraction of
the abdominal muscles, steady pressure being applied
to the epigastrium.

Exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba'-shun) [exacerbatio ; exac-
erbare, to be violent]. Increased or paroxysmal
violence of the symptoms of a disease.

Exaggerated [eks-aj'-er-a-ted) [exaggerare, to heap up].
Larger ; more marked ; increased. E. Breathing.
See Breath-sounds . E. Lithotomic Posture. See
Postures, Table of.

Exalbuminous [eks-al-bu' -min-us) [V.r.priv. ; albumen,
the white of an egg, from albus, white]. In biology,
applied to seeds in which the nutritive matter, endo-
sperm or albumin, is stored within the embryo.

Exalgin (eks-al'-jin) [ef , out ; d/.yoc,pain], C9HuNO.
Methylacetanilid ; a benzene derivative allied to phen-
acetin. It is a valuable analgesic and antipyretic in
doses of one-half to four grains. Unof.

Exalt (eks-awlf) [exaltare, to lift up; exalt]. In
chemistry, to purify or refine.

Exaltation {eks-awl-taf -shun) [exaltatio, an uplifting].
I. Increase of functional activity. 2. Increase of
mental activity. 3. A morbid mental state char-
acterized by self-satisfaction, ecstatic joy, abnormal
cheerfulness, or optimism, or by delusions of
grandeur.

Examination (eks-am-in-a' '-shun) [examinare, to exam-
ine]. Investigation, as for the purpose of diagnosis ;
it is variously qualified as bimanual, digital, oral,
physical, etc.

Exangia, or Exangeia (eks-an-je'-ali) [ef , out ; ayyelov,
vessel]. Any dilatation or distention of a blood-vessel,
such as aneurysm, varix, or capillary enlargement.

Examination (eks-an im-a' '-shun) [ex, out ; anima,
spirit]. Real or apparent death ; fainting.

Exannulate [eks-an' '-u-lat) [ex, priv ; annulus, a ring].
In biology, applied to ferns, the sporangium of which
lacks the annulus.

Exanthema, or Exanthem (eks-an' '-them-ah, or eks'-
an-them) [tt-tivdr/fia, eruption: //. , Exanthemata]. 1.
An eruption upon the skin. 2. Any exanthematous or
eruptive fever. 3. In biology, any irregular spot on
the surface of a leaf or other organ. A Table of the
Exanthemata is appended on page 450. E., Syph-
ilitic. See Roseola, Syphilitic.

Exanthematic (eks-an-them-af '-ih). See Exanthema-
tous. E. Typhus. See Typhus Fever.
29

Exanthematology (eks-an-them-at-ol' -o-je) [igavdtjua,
eruption; '/o-.ur, science]. The science of the ex-
anthematous disi

Exanthematous (eks-an-them' al-us) [t^avf)>/ua, erup-
tion]. ( )| tin- nature of or characterized by exanthema,
or eruption ; of the nature of an eruptive fever.

Exanthesis (eks-an-the'-sis) [ii-av&i/oic, a blossoming:
pl.f JSxantheses~\. I. The breaking ippearan

an exanthem. 2. Any exanthematous disease. E.
rosalia arthrodynia. Synonym of Dengue.

Exanthinic Acid {, '■ an-tkin'-ik). See.-/,/,/.

Exanthropia [eks-an-thro' -pe-ah) [ff, out; avftjx
men]. Morbid dislike of human society ; apan-
thropia.

Exarteritis [eks-ar-ter-i' '-lis) [ff, out; aprr/pia, artery ;
trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer coat
of an artery.

Exarthrima (eks-ar-thrim/-ah) [ef, out; apdpov, joint:
pi., Exarthrimata~\. Luxation or dislocation of a
joint.

Exarticulate (eks-ar-tik* ' -u-lat) [ex, priv. ; articulate,
to join]. In biology, applied to limbs, anten
palpi, or other appendages destitute of joints.

Exarticulation (eks-ar-tik-u-la' '-shun) [ex, out; articu-
lus, joint]. I. Luxation of a joint. 2. Amputation
at a joint.

Excandescentia [ex-kan-des-en' '-she-ah) [ex, out; can-
deseere, to glow]. Angry or furious mania ; a parox-
ysm of insane fury.

Excarnation (eks-kar-na'-shun) [ex, out ; caro, flesh].
The removal of superfluous tissue from an anatomic
preparation.

Excaudate (eks-kaw'-dat) [ex, priv. ; cauda, tail]. In
biology, tailless.

Excavation (eks-kav-a' '-shun) [excavare, to hollow
out]. A hollow or cavity, as in the lungs or in a
tissue. E. of the Optic Nerve, a hollowing or
" cupping" of the disc, or optic nerve-entrance, that
may be physiologic or congenital, and without par-
ticular significance ; or pathologic, the result of glau-
coma, optic atrophy, etc.

Excavator (eks'-kav-a-/or) [excavare, to hollow out].
A dental instrument for opening and forming cavities
and removing decayed matter from them; e. g., the
hatchet, hoe, and chisel.

Excentric (eks-senf -trik) [ex, out ; centrum, center].
I. See Eccentric. 2. Out of the center or median
line. E. Pains, radiating pains, symptomatic of
spinal disease, due to irritation of the posterior nerve-
roots. The pains are felt to be in the peripheral
organs, hence the name.

Excerebration (eks-ser-e-bra' '-shun) [<\r,out; cerebrum,
brain]. The removal of the fetal brain in the process
of embryotomy.

Excipient {ek-sip' -e-cnt) [excipere, to take up]. In
pharmacy, any substance used to give an agreeable or
convenient form to the ingredients of a prescription.

Exciple (ek'-sip-l) [excipulum, a receiving-vessel].
That part of a lichen forming the rim of the perithe-
cium, or immediately surrounding it.

Excision (ek-sizh' -un) [exeisio, a cutting out]. The
operation of removing a part or tissue by cutting ; a
cutting out.

Excitability (eh-sit-ab-il'-it-e) [exeitare, to rouse]. The
property of reacting to stimulus.

Excitant [ek-si' '-tant) [exeitare, to rouse]. A remedy
that stimulates the activity of an organ.

Excitation (ek-si-ta' '-shun) [exeitare, to rouse]. The
act of stimulating or irritating. E., Direct, in electro-
therapeutics, the excitement of a muscle by placing
an electrode on the muscle itself. E., Indirect, the
excitement of a mu>cle through its nerve.

EXCITO I Vl l RVATION

fABLE OF THE EXANTHEMATA.

-

\\ ithin
boui

red;

mai ..

in. ill,
dai k-i ed.with

dei

p let e in -'i

hOUl

.

Lo< \ 1 1

Dl ■ IMA-

• N.

1 >• R \-

Dis-

VALES-

i EN( K.

;

iiu> days.
.; t.. 5 days.

I ace.

Branny, or in

large Makes.

1 to 1

weeks.

Crisis.

e : tlun
downward
over bodj

Branny. 8-11
days.

2
weeks.

( '1 isis

Maculae ; rose-

ioroil;
rounded : dis-

3 days.

Face and scalp;
then down-
ward over
body.

Slightly bran-
ny.

4 to 7
days.

Crisis.

Within
hours.

7th day.

Diffuse; scar-
let ; punctate.

7 to io days.

Neck, chest,
face; then
over body.

Scales or 1
Hakes. About
one week.

2 to 3

weeks.

Lysis.

ired, len-
ticular sputs.

Each crop 3 to
5 days. Last
10 to 20 days
or through-
out the whole
course of the
fever.

Abdomen,
chest, and
back.

Slightly bran-
ny or none.

3 to 4

weeks.

Lysis.

Usually 5th

day : may be
ii not
till 7th day.

Measly spots ;
pel

streaks ; col-
or, mulberry-

Few days, or
may last
throughout
the course of
the disease.

Sides of chest

and a b 1 1 < >-
nun ; arms ;
back.

Slightly bran-
ny.

2 to 4
weeks.

Crisis.

I tO 2

Within 12 to

>urs.

In crops.

■ les.

5 to 8 days.

Back, chest,
arms.

Crusts. 5-8
days.

2
weeks.

Lysis.

4th day.

Umbilicated
■ ules.

21 to 25 days.

Face, and over
body.

Crusts. 12-22
days.

4 to 5
weeks.

Lysis.

Excito- itise]. A Latin prefix

n. E. -motor, excit-
drug or agent
the motor nerve-cenl
-nutrient |uickening the |

E. -reflex, pertaining to a reflex action
E. -secretory, arous-
tion. E. -vaso-
motor 1,
Excitor who or

Exclave ['"r]- A detached

in
Excochleation

ary.

. to shut out], A
nosisby, the reachingofa final

luding
mpossible, from a

hlea,
i with the

Excoriation ,,,n % ,),,.

1

•1 in wli
nn ■!!. Ii heals with-

u in prui

Excreation ;/.

Excrement {eksf-kre ment ) \excernere-, to separate ; to

excrete]. An excreted substance; the feces.
Excrement [eks' '-kre-ment ) [excrescere, to grow out].

An old name for the hair, nails, etc.
Excrementitious [eks-kre-men-tish' -us) \excernere, to

separate ; to excrete]. Pertaining t<> the excrement.
Excrescence [eks-kres' '-ens) [ > • re, to grow out].
An abnormal outgrowth upon the body. See Cauli-
flower 1: CO
Excreta [eks-kre' '-tah) [/>/. .• excemere, to separate].
The natural discharges of the body, particularly th
ie bowels ; feces.
Excretin [exsf -kre-tin) \excemere, to separate],
1 J I,11 One of the constituents of feces. It occurs
little leaves or tufts mixed with needles, insoluble
in cold or hot water, soluble ill hoi alcohol and ether ;
ii 3 reaction is neutral.
Excretion {eks- kre1 '• shun) [excretio ; excemere, to ex
te]. The separation of the waste products of an
in, or of the body a> a whole, out of the blood
reted.
Excretory 1 <ks' '-kre-tor-e) \excretio ;
b i Pertaining to excretion,

■ eying the 1 ' bom

organ to the discharging point. See Duct.
Excurrent {eks-kur* nt) [ex, out; currere, to run].

ling or going outward, as an excurrent canal.
Excurvation [ex-kur-va'-shun) [ex, out; curvai

curve]. A deformity of the eyelid affecting almost

•nere, to

E. Duct, a

the excretory

EXEDEN 1

l.-.l

EXOMETRI 1 In

exclusively the upper palpebra, and one in which the
tarsal cartilage becomes turned outward. It •
ally develops in protracted cases ol granular i

tivitis.

Exedent [ek'-se-dent ) \exedens ; ex,ovX\ edere, to< al j
Rodent ; eating away tin- tissues.

Exelcysmos [eks-el-sis/-mo \ [•,-, from; iXxveiv, to
draw]. Extraction, as of teeth.

Exencephalocele {eks-en-sef'-al-o-sll

a/nv, brain; k /,/.'/, hernia]. Cerebral hernia; an
exencephalous tumor; a mass of brain-substance out-
side of the cranial cavity.

Exencephalon {el-t-cn-sef'-al-on). Same as Exenceph-
a/us.

Exencephalus [eks-en-sef'-al-us) [/-, out ; kviu<pa\oc,
brain]. A species of single autositic monsters char-
acterized by a malformed brain, situated, at least in
part, without the cranial cavity, the bony walls of
which are themselves imperfect. The specimens of
this nature are divided into two main classes — tl
with and those without a spinal fissure. 2. A variety of
autositic monsters of the foregoing species in which
there is an- arrested development of the cranial bones,
with protrusion of the brain, associated with an exten-
sive spina bifida.

Exenteratio bulbi. See Exenteration 0/ the Orbit.

Exenteration [eks-en-ter-a' 'shun) [ef, out; brrepw, in-
testine]. I. Removal of the intestines or thoracic
viscera in embryotomy. 2. In ophthalmology, the
operation of evisceration of the contents of the eyeball,
leaving the globe as a stump in the orbit. E. of the
Orbit, the removal of the contents of the orbital cavity.

Exenteritis [eks-en-ter-i' '-its) [.-.out; evrepov, bowel ;
iTic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer or
peritoneal coat of the intestine.

Exercise [eksf-er-slz) [exercere, to keep busy]. Func-
tional activity of the muscles ; often applied to such ac-
tivity when its purpose is the preservation or restoration
of the health. E., Active, that exerted by the will of
the patient. E., Passive, when the part is moved by
another, or acted upon, as in massage. E. Bones,
Rider's bones; osseous growths occasionally found in
the muscles.

Exeresis {eks-er' '-es-is) [ff , out ; aiphiv, to take].
Surgical removal, as by excision or extraction; evacu-
tion.

Exfetation {eks-fe-ta' -shun) \e.xfe/atio~\. Ectopic or ex-
trauterine fetation.

Exfoliation {eks-fo-le-a' '■ shun) [exfoliatio ; exfoliare, to
shed leaves]. The lamellar (or other) separation of
bone or other tissue from the living structure in Dry
Necrosis, etc.

Exhalant [eks-ha'-lant) \_exhalare, to breathe out]. I.
Serving for exhalation ; exhaling. 2. A pore or organ
of exhalation.

Exhalation {ex-hal-a'-shun) \exhalare, to breathe out].
The process of giving off or exhaling vaporous or
eftluvial matters ; the vapor, subtle particles, etc. ,
given off by the body through the skin or lungs.

Exhaustion | ■:'-vnii) [exhaurire, to pour out].

Great loss of vital and nervous power from fatigue or
protracted disease.

Exhibit {ek-zib'-it) [exhibere, to give]. To administer
as a medicine.

Exhibition {ek-zib-ish' -un) [exhibere, to give]. In legal
medicine, the exposing of the genitalia in public pl.i

Exhibitionism {ek-zib-ish' '-un-izm) [exhibere, to give].
A perversion of the sexual feeling that leads the
patient to expose the genital organs.

Exhibitionist [ek-zib-ish' '-un-isi) [exhibere, to give].
An insane person who wilfully and indecently exposes
himself.

Exhilarant {ek-zil* -ar-ant) [exhilarare, to cheer]. An
ot to enliven and cheer the mind. E. Gas,
nitrous oxid gas.

Exhumation u ' out of; humu

ground]. The digging up after interment of a dead
ii in medico-legal inquiries, or for
reinterment.

Exindusiate i ks-in-duf -at) [ex, priv. ; induere, to put
on ; indusium, the covering of the fruit-dots in ferns].
In biology, applied to such ferns as lack the indusium.

Exner's Solution. See Stain , Table of.

Exocardiac, or Exocardial [eks-o-kar1 '-de-ak, or eks-o-
kar*-de-al) [ifw, out; . heart]. Originating

or situated outside of the- ln-art.

Exocarditis [eks-o-kar-di' .out; napdia, heart;

, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer sur-
face of tin- heart. Also a synonym of Pericard

Exocarp [eks'-o-karp) [cfw, outside; icapirSg, fruit].
In biology, the outer layer of a pericarp whin the
latter consists of more than one layer.

Exoccipital {eks-ok-sip' -it-al) [ex, out; occiput, the oc-
ciput]. Lying to the side of the foramen magnum.
E. Bone, the neurapophysial or condyloid part of the
occipital bone, with which in adult life it is consoli
dated.

Exocelar (eks-ose* '-lar) [efw, outside; tcotXia, body-cav-
ity]. In biology, situated on the outer or somatic wall
of the body-cavity.

Exocelarium ieks-o-se-la-re' '-urn) [£%(•>, outside; koiTlUl,
body-cavity]. In biology, the epithelium of the outer
wall of the body-cavity.

Exocelum (eks-o-se'-lum) [llja, outside; KOikia, the
body-cavity]. In biology, the extra-embryonic part
of the body-cavity shut off by the somatic and splanch-
nic stalks at the umbilicus. (Sevenka.)

Exochorion (eks-o-ko'-r, n) | _-<.\ outside; x"t>",v>
chorion]. The external layer of the chorion.

Exocolitis (eks-o-ko-li'-tis) [£$u, out ; k6aov, colon ;
ir/r, inflammation]. Inflammation of the outer or
peritoneal coat of the colon.

Exocranium {eks-o-kra'-ne-utri) [cfw, out; upaviov,
cranium]. The outer surface of the skull ; the
pericranium.

Exodic (eks-od'-ih) [efo, out ; 6d6g, a way]. Transmit-
ting impulses outward from the central nervous
system; efferent; centrifugal.

Exodontosis {eks-o-don-to' -sis). See Exostosis of the
Teeth.

Exodyne (eks' -o-din) [ifw, out of; bdvvr), pain]. A
mixture of acetanilid 90, sodium salicylate 5, and
sodium bicarbonate 5 ; it is used as an anodyne.

Exogamy [eks-og* '-am-e) [££(•>, outside; ydpoc, mar-
riage]. The law that forbids marriage between
persons of the same family. | Lang.)

Exogastritis {eks-o-gas-tri' -tis) [efw, out ; yaarrjp, belly ;
tttf, inflammation]. See Perigastritis.

Exogen {eks/-o-jen) [t;u, outside; ; \ producing].
In biology, one of the two primary classes of flower-
ing-plants, characterized by the growth of the >tems
in concentric layers ; more properly called Dicoty-
ledons.

Exogenetic {eks-o-jen-etf-ik) \}iu, outward ; yewav, to
produce]. Due to an external cause; not at;
within the organism.

Exogenous en-us) [eft)) out ; yewav, to pro-

duce]. Of the nature of an exogen ; growing by
accretions to the outer surface.

Exognathite [eks-ogr -nath-lt). See Basecphysis.

Exogonium {eks-o-go,-ne-um\. Seey

Exometritis (eks-o-me-tri'-tis) [efw, out ; uijrpa, womb;
. inflammation]. Perimetritis; less correctly,
parametritis. See Metritis.

1 V 'Ml'HAl I IS

i:\rik.vn >k\

Exomphalos

In imbilical

lcural rve].

tppa-

Exopalhic

wil

lium utside ;

l leather poll
I lu- outer peridium
. nth -star.

E.,
pes ex< ited by
mmodative centen
nvex len
myopia.
Exophthalmi. . out ;

phthalmos. E. Goiter. See

:->hthalmometer oul ;

. measure]. An instrument
Kophthalmus.
Exophthalmos, Exophthalmu - f-thal' '-mos,-tnus)

Abnormal prominence or
alls. E., Pulsating, that
iruit and pulsation, due to an aneu-
forward.
Exoplasm [ ■ ;■■*. outside; rrXaaaeiv, to

ml. In biology, the outer protoplasm of a unicellu-
lar organism <>r histologic cell.
Exopodite outside; iroii

]. In the outer of the two main divi-

typical crustacean limb or appendage.

: ris.

Exorhinus . without ; f>ig, nose].

Lis i skull in which the angle betwi

oasion and the alveolar point and

rhinion and 20.50.

Exormia to go forth]. Any

Exoskeleton [eks-o-skel' '-et-un) [If u, outside ; oveeJ

. ]. In biology, the outer envelop of many

1 the protection and

ting an integument

hi tin. lime, or other

Exosmo ■-.'.- <sis.

Exosmo lis thrust].

is and Osmosis.
-motic thrust].

Exospor- ( seed].

Exoston. mouth],

ale,

.tosis ne].

rowth of I..,- ially

•In- surface of a pre
E. of the Teeth den-

tium ; •;, from

i ■ 1- the
u-ually
■ ' ■

- or less
E., Ivory, a !

ill size,

mall walnut. It springs

ranial bones.

Histologically, it is marked by the absence ol Haver

-1. in canals.

Exostotu .,1 [._-, out; urrr.'r/r, lione]. ( )f

the nature of exostosis.

Exoteric >'-ik) [efurepuoic, external], Synony

mous \\ ith /•'. xopath

Exoterorhinus [eks-i i'-nus) [■ outside;

. nose], Lissauer's term for a skull in which the
angle between the lines joining the nasion and the
alveolar point and rhinion is between 22. 50 and 450.

Exotheca {eks-o-the'-k ah 1 | fu, outside; Brjicq, a cast J.
In biology, the proper calcareous investment of the
eral chamber of a coral.

Exothecium [eks-o-ther -se-um\ [■;'■', outside; "', <•
e]. In biology, the epidermis of the anther.

Exothyropexy (eks-o-thif-ro-peks-e) [ Ifu, without;
. a shield; -<:<. fixation]. Partial extrusion
of goiter, with subsequent atrophy from constriction,
cicatrization, etc.

Exotic {eks-oP-ik) [Ifanv/rtJc, foreign]. Pertaining to
plants and products from another country.

Exotropia [eks-o-tro,-pe-aK\. See Strabismus.

Expansive {eks-pan' '-sif\ [expandere, to spread out].
Comprehensive; wide-extending. E. Delirium,
insane over-estimation of one's mental or bodily
powers. See Exaltation.

Expectant {eks-pek* -tant} \expectare, to look out for].
Awaiting or expecting; applied to a plan of treatment
consisting in watching the progress ol a disease, and
not interfering with therapeutic measures, unless war-
ranted by special symptoms.

Expectation [eks-pek-ta' -shuri) \expectare, to expect].
Same as Expectant. E. of Life, the average num-
ber of years that persons of a given age, taken
with another, live, assuming that they die according
to a given table of the probabilities of life. It thus
has no relation to the most probable life of a single
given individual. E. of L., Complete, the addition
of one-half year to the curtate expectation to allow
for that portion of a year lived by each person in the
year of his death. E. of L., Curtate, the average
number of whole or completed years lived by each
person.

Expectorant [eks-pek' '-to-rant) [c.r,out; pectus, breast].
1. Promoting expectoration. 2. A remedy that pro
motes expectoration.

Expectoration [eks-pek-tor-af -shun) [ tr, out; pectus,
breast]. I. The ejection from the mouth of material
brought into it by the air-passages. 2. The fluid or
semi-fluid matters from the lungs and air-passages ex-
pelled by coughing and spitting. E., Prune-juice.
See Prune-juice. E., Rusty. See Rusty Exp,
rat

Expellent [eks-pel'-ent) \expellere, to drive out]. A
medicine that has power to expel a materies morbi.

Experiment {eks-per'-im-ent) \experimentare, to ex-
periment]. A trial or test.

Experimentum 1 im en'-tum} [P.] Sam

tperiment. E. mirabile of Kirchner, a hyp
ion in animals, a hen, e. : .. remaining

in a fixed position when the head is pressed down and
a chalk line made from its beak.
Expert [eks'-pert ) [expertus, proved], A person es-
iallv qualified in a science or art. E., Medical,
a physician peculiarly fitted by experience "i special
rider an authoritative opinion in medico-
1] or diagnostic questions.
Expiration (eki pi ra'-shuri) [expirare, to breathe out].
The a. t ol breathing forth, or expelling air from the
lungs.
Expiratory [eks-pi'-rat or e) \expirare, to breathe out]
Relating to or concerned in the expiration of air.

EXPIRE

153

EX 1 RA

Expire [eks-plrf) [expirare,to breathe out]. To breathe
out ; to die.

Explanate [eks/-plan at) [explanare, to flatten, spread
out]. In biology, spread <>ut, flattened; applied to
parts usually rolled or loldi 'I

Exploration (eks-plor-a'-shun) [ . to seari h

out J. The searching out the condition of a diseased
organ or part by means ol auscultation, palpation, pei
i ossion, etc. Also the seari bing ol a wound to learn
its nature, course, etc., and ii foreign bodies may be
present. Also the examination ol the female genital
organs by the linger or instrument for diagnostic pur

pox-.-.

Explorator, Explorer {eks' -plor-a tor, .• i plot '
plorare, to search out"]. An instrument for use in
exploration. E., Electric, an instrument lor detect-
ing a bullet by means of the electric current

Exploratory (eks-plor1 '-at-or-e) [exp . to search

out]. Pertaining to exploration. E. Puncture, the
puncture of a cavity or tumor and extraction tb
from of some of the contents to learn their nature.
E. Trocar, one especially adapted for exploratory-
puncture.

Explosion (eks-plo/ -zhun) [explodere, to drive away].
I. The sudden expansion of a body of small volume
into great volume, with the resulting effects. 2. The
sudden and violent occurrence of any symptom or
function.

Explosive (eks-plor -siv) [explodere, to drive away].
See Consonants. E. speech, speech characterized by
suddenness and expilosiveness of enunciation.

Exposure (eks-po' '-zhur) [exponere, to expose]. I. The
act of laying bare, as the genitals. 2. The state of
being open to some action or influence, as of cold or wet.

Expression (eks-presh1 '-un) [expressns ; exprimere, to
press out]. I. A pressing out. The forcible separa-
tion of liquids from solids by pressure. 2. The
recognizable manifestation through the facial linea-
ments or the voice of any subjective feeling. E. of
Fetus or Placenta, assisting the expulsion of fetus
or placenta by pressure upon the abdominal walls.

Expulsion [eks-pul'-shun) [expulsio ; expellere, to
drive out]. The act of driving out. E., Spontane-
ous, the extrusion of the fetus or the placenta
without external aid.

Expulsive (eks-pul1 '-siv) [expellere, to drive out].
Pertaining to the extrusion or driving out of the fetus
in childbirth, the voiding of the feces, urine, etc.

Exsanguination (ek-sang-gwin-a'-shun) [ex, priv. ;
sanguis, blood]. The forcible expulsion of blood
from a part, as before amputation.

Exsanguine [ek-sang,-gwin)\ex, priv.; sanguis, blood].
Bloodless.

Exsanguinity (ek-sang-gwin'-it-e) [ex, priv. ; sanguis,
blood]. Bloodlessness ; extreme pallor.

Exscinded {ek-sin' '-ded) [ex, out; scindere, to cut].
In biology, terminating abruptly in an angular notch.

Exscreation {ek-skre-a'-shun) [ex, out ; screare, to
hawk]. The act of clearing the throat by hawking
and spitting.

Exsculptate (eks-kidp'-tat) [exsculpere, to carve out].
In biology, presenting a sculptured appearance.

Exsert, Exserted [ekf-sert, ek-ser* '-ted) [exserere, to
thrust out] . In biology, projecting, as a stigma beyond
the anthers.

Exsertus (ek-ser* '-tus) [L.]. Protruding; sometimes
applied to teeth that protrude. See Dens exsertus.

Exsiccatae, Exsiccati (ek-sik-atr-e,-i) [exsiccare, to dry
up]. In biology, the dried plants of an herbarium.

Exsiccation (ek-sik-a' '-shun) [ex, out; siccus, dry].
The process of depriving a solid of its moisture or
volatile constituents by the agency of moderate heat.

Exsiccative {ek-sik'-at-iv) [exsiccare, to dry up]. i.
Having a >trong drying tendency. 2. A desiccating
<>r drying remedy or application.

Exsiccator [ek'-sik a , to dry up]. A

closed glass vessel containing a tray of II.,S< \.
to dry and cool substam iratory t'» weighing.

Exspuition [eks-pu / >•' un) [< r, out; spuere, to spit].
I pei toration ; spitting.

Exstipulate [ek [ex, without; stiju.

-stipule]. In biology, destitute of stipuli

Exstrophy (eks'-tro-fi ) [kiarrpiipetv, to evert]. I. The
turning of a hollow organ inside out; the sta
being turned inside out. 2. 1 ongenital absenc ol
the anterior wall of the bladder and abdomen with
extroversion of the bladder.

Exsuccation (ek-suk-ka' -shun) [ex, out ; succus, juice].
Same- as Ecchymosis.

Exsuccous (ek-suk'-us) [ex, without ; snccns, juice,
sap], [n biology, juiceless. Also written Exuccous.

Exsufflation [ek-suf-la1 '-shun) [ex, out; sufflare, to
blow]. Forced discharge of the breath.

Exta (eks'-tah) [L. ,//.]. The viscera, especially tho-e
of the chest.

Extension (eks-tenf -shun) [extendere, to stretch out].
I. The opposite of flexion; the straightening of a
flexed limb by the natural and functional process ; the
state of a limb that is not flexed. 2. Traction made
upon a fractured or dislocated limb in order to bring
the parts into proper apposition. E., Angular, a
method of reducing and maintaining old dislocations
of the hip. E., Counter-, traction upon the trunk 01
the trunk-end of a fractured limb in addition to
tension. E., Double, traction applied to both limbs in
hip-joint disease, etc. E. Stage in Labor, one of
the stages of labor, consisting in the bending of the
fetal head, the occiput toward the back.

Extensor (eks-ten'-sor) [extendere, to extend]. That
which stretches out or extends. E. Muscles. See
Muscles, Table of. E. Tetanus, in general spasms
the extensor muscles overcome the flexors, and the
spasm thus becomes an extensor tetanus.

Extenuation (eks-ten-u-a' -shun) [ex,ox& ; tenuis, thin].
Thinness; leanness of body ; delicacy.

Extern {eks' -tern) [extemus, outward]. I. Outside;
outside the gates of a hospital. 2. An out-door patient.
3. A medical student, or graduate, who attends
out-door charity cases. E. Maternity, a lying-in in
a private house.

Externalization (eks-tern-al-iz-a'-shun) [externus, out-
ward]. The process of externalizing, or embody)
E. of Sensation. See Sensitivisation.

Exte,rnomedian (eks-ter-no-me/-de-an) [externus, out-
ward ; medius, middle]. In biology, outside the
median line.

Extesticulate (eks-tes-tik'-u-ldt) [ex, out ; testiculus, a
testicle]. To castrate.

Extinction (eks-tink' '-shun) [extinguere, to extinguish].
Complete abeyance or final loss, as of the voice ; a
incomplete loss

Extine [eks'-tin) [externus, outside]. In biology, the
outer coat of a pollen-grain. Also Exine (Schacht).

Extirpation [eks-ter-paf -shun) [extirpate, to root out].
Thorough excision or out-rooting of a part, as of a
gland, a tumor, the uterus, the ovaries, etc. E. of
the Eyeball, complete removal of the globe of the
eye. Enucleation.

Extra- (eks'-trah-) [L.]. A prefix, meaning outside,
without. E. -axillary, in biology, applied to a branch
or bud somewhat out of the axil. E. -current, the
induced electric current. E. -enteric. In biology,
perivisceral. E. -neural, situated or occurring out-
side of a nerve. A term applied to certain nervous

SL'LARIUM

154

EX fROVERSION

: - ilar,

K. -pelvic,
E. -polar

Re.

thin
K. -uterine, with-
K.-u. Pregnane
u. Life,

■
In . radiolarian out-

without;
mtsid ol the

. without :
tunled outside tli
tal . without

ribs. E. Muscle, any

Extracrureus outside;

nui> muscle. See Mus-

Extract. Extractum -.ik/'-ttn: 'its;

■ ./]. In pharmacy, a

n, made by extracting the

if a drug and evaporating the

Ucohol and water

I lure are 53 official

E.. Alcoholic, that in which alcohol is the

E., Aqueous, thai d by using water

it. E., Fluid, in pharmacy, an alcoholic

solid principles of a

i that looo gran:

liter of the fluid
tracts, besides 53

. out ; trahere,

alculus,

- of

hiefly by the action of some rnen-

r. E. of Cataract,

il operation.

ilmosl nam-

Da Method, improved by i sists

upward in Daviel's,

' the margin,

, of the li

I and. with modification,

tors, and

Flap-extraction. I hi Discission-

operation u jn jn.

■ '1 and

1 In v.
G: Peripheral Linear Method, the Gi

t 5 mm. fi

; a)
is finally
cut "p

-ris

Graefe's Modi-

Needling,
le-operatiot. Sim

: an

omission of the iridectomy. The Suction Method
nsists in the extraction of soft cataracts by sucking

the lenticular matter through a syringe nozzle intro

duced into the lens substance, or by other methods.
ations, Tab e of.
Extractive (eks-trak' \ r, out ; trahere, to draw].

1. In pharmacy, a substance which, during the pre*

ol making an extract from a vegetable or drug of
ttable origin, becomes dark, and finally insoluble.

J. An\ one of a class ol nitrogenous bodies (such as
atin and xanthin) that may be extracted in small

amount from various animal tissues. By some writers

they are classed as protein compounds.
Extractor (eks-trak' -tor) [ex, out; traAere, to draw].

An instrument tor extracting bullets, sequestrse, etc.

E., Screw, one armed with a screw-attachment; a

tire/
Extractum [eks-trak' -turn). See Extract. E. ferri

pomatum, or E. pomi ferratum, ferrated extract

of apples; official in the German Pharmacy and given

in the National Formulary; it is an extract of sour

apples, 50 part-, with iron one part. It contains a

crude malate of iron.
Extrafloral [eks-trah-flo1 '-ral) [extra, outside; /!os,a.

flower]. In biology, placed without the llower.
Extrafoliaceous ih-fo-le-a'-she-us) [extra, out-

side; folium, leaf]. In biology, separated from the

leaves.
Extralimital (eks-trak-lim'-it-aT)\extra, outside; linns,

hounds, limit]. In biology, not included in a given
a, either on the surface of a plant or animal, or on

the earth's surface.
Extramalleolus (eks-trah-mal-e/-o-lus) [extra, without ;

malleolus, a small hammer]. The outer malleolus of

the ankle.
Extrambulacral (eks-tram-bu-la'-kral) [extra, with-
out; ambulacrum, a walk, alley]. In biology,

located outside the ambulacra.
Extramedullary (eks-trah-me-dul '-ar-e) [extra, with-
out; medulla, marrow]. Situated or occurring out-
side of the medulla.
Extraneous (eks-tra' -ne-us) [extraneus, external].

Existing or belonging outside the organism. E.

Body, a foreign or intrusive body, present within the

organism.
Extraordinary (eks-tror' '-din-a-re) [extra, beyond ;

ordo, rule]. Out of the common; special. E. Ray.

See Ray.
Extrathecal (eks-trah-the'-kal) [extra, outside ; theca,

box, case]. In biology, located outside the theca.
Extravasation (eks-trav-as-a'-shun) [extra, outside;
1]. Filtration or effusion of blood, serum

or fluid from any vessel into adjacent tissues.
Extraversio gonadum (eks-trak verf-ze-o go-na'-duni)

[L.]. In biology, pendent external gastro-genital

pouches in certain Medusa.
Extremital (eks-trem'-it-al) [extremus, outermost!.

Situated towards, or pertaining to, an extremity ;

distal.
Extremity (eks-trem' it-e) [extremus, outermost]. An

arm or leg ; the distal or terminal end or part of any

organ ; a hand or foot.
Extricate, Extricated (eksf -trik-St, -a'-ted) [extri

to disentangle] . In biology, applied to the normally
tided parts of certain insects, as the ovipositors.
Extrinsic (eks-trin' -sik) [extrinsicus, from without].
il, outward. E. Muscles, those attached to

the trunk and extending to the limbs.
Extrorsc rs') [extrorsus, toward theoutside]. In

biology, turned outward or away from tin- body or

central a
Extroversion (eks-tro-ver* -shuti). See Exstrophy.

I \ I UBATION

455

! ', I

Extubation (eks-tu-ba' '-shun\ [<>, out; tubus, a I'M" I
The removal of a laryngeal tube ; opposed to intuba

tion.

Extuberance [ex-tu* '-ber-ans) [ c, out; tuber, mass],
A swelling or protuberance.

Extumescence [eks-lu-mes/-ens) [it, out; turn , to

swell]. A ]>!<>)<■> tion or swelling.

Exuber (ex-u'-ber) [ex, from ; uber, breast: //., Exu
beres\ A weaned child. Cf. Sububer.

Exudate (cks' -u-iiat ) [exudare , to sweat]. Mai
that lias filtered through the walls of vessels into the
adjacent tissues.

Exudation {eks-u-da* -shun) [exudare, to sweat], lib
tration or oozing of the serum of the blood through
tin- walls of the vessels ; a ma>s formed by such
filtration.

Exudative [eksf -u-da-tiv) [exudare, to exude], ufthe
nature of or characterized by exudation.

Exulceration [eks-ul-ser-a' 'shun) [ex, out ; ulcerare,
to ulcerate]. A superficial ulceration.

Exumbilication [eks-um-bil-ik-a' 'shun) [exumbilicatio ;
c i , out ; umbilicus, navel]. Marked protrusion of the
navel.

Exumbral (ehs-um'-bral) [V.v.out; umbra, shade]. In
biology, all those parts lying above the free margin of
the umbrella of Medusa-; the opposite of subumbral.

Exumbrella {eks-um-brel' -ah) [ex, out; umbrella, the
disc of acalephs]. In biology, the convex outer sur-
face of the umbrella in Medui

Exuviae [cks-u' -ve-e) [I-]- Cast-off matters; shreds
of epidermis ; also, sloughed materials.

Exuviate [eks-uf-ve-at] [ex, out ; uere, to put on; from
induvia, clothes]. To moult, shed, or slough off
skin, shells, hairs, or feathers of animals.

Exuviation [eks-u-ve-a' '-shun) [exuvia, slough ; exuere,
to put off]. The shedding of the deciduous teeth, or
other epidermal part.

Eyckmann's Test. See Tests, Tabic of.

Eye (/) [ME., eye"]. The organ of vision. E., Accom-
modation of. See Accommodation. E., Appendages
of, the eyelids, brows, and lachrymal apparatus. E.,
Apple of, formerly the eyeball ; the pupil. E., Arti-
ficial, a thin shell of glass, celluloid, or other sub-
stance, colored like the natural eye, placed in the
socket after enucleation. E., Compound, the organ
of vision formed of several crystal spheres, as in the
lower crabs. E., Diagrammatic, of Listing, a
diagram of the eye for the more exact calculation of
the passage of rays of light through the eye. E.,
Pineal or Epiphysial, the rudimentary median eye
in some lizards. E., Schematic, an ideal or normal
eye. E.-ball, the globe of the eye. E.-ball, Dis-
location of. See Dislocation. E.-bone, a sclerotal,
q.v. E. -bright. See Euphrasia. E.-brow, the
supercilium, the connective tissue, skin, and hairs
above the eye. The hairs serve chiefly to prevent the
sweat from falling into the eye. E. -cells, cup-shaped
cells of porcelain, enameled black, to place over the
eye after operations. E. -current, the normal electric
current that passrs from the cornea (positive) to the
optic nerve (negative) under the stimulus of light.
E. -doctor, an oculist. E. -drops. See Collyrium.
Also an old name for tears. E. -glass, a lens worn
in one eye. Eye-glasses, pince-nez, worn instead of
spectacles, and held in position by a spring acting upon
the bridge of the nose. E. -ground, a synonym of
the fundus oculi or internal aspect of the vitreous
chamber of the eye. E. -lashes, the cilia ; the hairs
of the eyelid. E. -lashes, Evulsion of, pulling out
the lashes. E. -lashes, Transposition of, shifting
an excised strip of cilia and lid-edge containing the
hair bulbs to a new position, or otherwise altering the

□ of the lashes by operation. E.-lens, the
of a micro ; an

pi< i <■. E.-lid, the protei tive i overing of the i
ball, i ompos< 'I "t >kin, glands, connective and mm
lar tissue, the tarsus un< tiva, with the cilia at

the free edge. E.-lid Closure. ,' . /,,/,/<■

E. -piece. Synonym of Ocular. E. -point, the
point above an ocular or simple microscope where the
itest aumbi i ol emerging ray- i ross. E. -salve, a
medicated salve for the eyes. E. -shade, Ward's, a
circular disc of black rubber connected by an arm with
the tube of the mil rosi ope. It enables theobservi
keep both eyes open. E. -speculum, an instrument for
retracting tin eyelids. E. -stone, a small calcan
disc, tin- operculum of various Gasteropod molluscs
. ■ ■ ; or somi timi - a flattened concretion
from the stomach of a European crawfish (Lapillus
cancri). In domestic practice it is placed under the
eyelid for the removal of a foreign body that has
found its was into the eye. E. -strain, the excess and
abnormalism of effort, with the resultant irritation,
caused by ametropia or heterophoria. It is applied
also to the effects of excessive use of normal eyes. E.-
souffle, a murmur said to be heard in anemia by
means of the stethoscope on the globe of the eye. E.-
teeth, the canine teeth of the upper jaw; dog-teeth.
E.-wash, a medicated water for the eye ; a collyrium.
E. -water, a collyrium ; also the aqueous humor.
E. -winker, an eyelash.

Muscles of the Eve. Tendon or Ligament of Zinn.
[. Tendon of Zinn. 2. External rectus divided. 3. Interna!
rectus. 4. Inferior rectus. 5. Superior rectus. 6. Superior
oblique. 7. Pulley for superior oblique. S Inferior oblique
9. Levator palpebras superioris. 10, 10. Its anterior expan-
sion. 11. Optic nerve.

Optic nerve. 2. Central artery
of the retina. 3. Short, posterior,
ami external ciliary arteries. 4.
Short, posterior, and internal cili-
ary arteries. 5, 5, 6, 6, 6. Ex-
ternal and internal posterior cili-
ary arteries. 7. Posterior long
ciliary artery, and Ions; ciliary
nerve. S. Artery and nerve of
opposite side. 9, 10. Superior and
external choroid veins. 11, 12. In-
choroid veins. 13. Attach-
ment of inferior oblique muscle.
14. Tendon of superior oblique.

Posterior Hemisphere

of imh Globe of the
Eye.

IS 1

156

l\ 1

mion of orbicularis

5 Muscle

• i Meibomian glands ;. 7.

. i- Palpebral por-

lucts. 12, 13. Lacrymal

Iris and Choroid.

. Optic nerve. 2, 2, 2, 2. Sclerotic, divided in four equal parts
and turned back. 3,3. Pigmentary granulation of its inner
t. 4. Section of lamina fusca. 5,5,5,5- Cornea, divided
in four equal puis. 6,6. Canal of Schlemm. 7. Outer sur-
ofchoroid 8. Superior and internal trunk of vasa vor-
ticosa. 9, 9. Irregular border limiting the choroid zone
posteriorly. 10, 10. Anterior half of this zone; ciliary mus-
cle. 11, 11. Ciliary nerves 12 Lour ciliary artery. 13,13,
13, 13. Anterior ciliary arteries. 14. Iris. 15. Small arterial
circle of iris. 16. Pupillary orifice.

Wis.

3. Posl
5 Internal tunii

11.

•mm.

'"•

1 ina.
25.

The Ciliary Miscle.
1, 1. Crystalline lens. 2 Hyaloid membrane. 3, 3 Zone of
Zinn. 1 Iris. 5,5. Radiating portion of ciliary muscle. 6.
tion <>f circular portion. 7. Venous plexus of a ciliary
V Middle layer of cornea. 10. An-
terior hyalini I cornea 11. Epithelial covering of
ibis layei Posterior hyaline laser of the cornea, "t
membrai 1 met. 1 , libers in which this layei t< 1
minates, or ligamentum turn 1 1. Epithelial covering

is Junction of sclerotic and cor-
111. il of Schlemm.

EYE

4.->7

EYE

1 853«

— -

/.•

— .^fc^-- ...

Relations of tiif. Eye and the Lacrymal Excretory
Apparatus.

i, i. Canaliculi. 2, 2. Puncta lacrymal ia. 3,3. Inner extrem-
ity of tarsal cartilage. 4, 4. Free borders of lids. 5. Lac-
rymal sac. 6. Attachment to maxillary hour ol superior
tendon. 7. Bifurcation of lacrymal sac. S, S. Two branches.

Section of Ciliary

Body and Ik is.
i,I. Ciliary processes.

2, 2. Their base or
rounded extremity.

3, 3. Their apex. 4.
A process with bi-
furcated extremity.
5, 5. Reticulated
folds, or ciliary pro-
cesses of the second
order. 6,6. Venules
that emanate from
these 7,7 Ora ser-
rata of choroid. 8,

8. Veins of choroid.

9. Section of iris.

10. 10. Circumfer-
ence of iris. 11, 11.
Small ring of iris.
12, 12. Large ring
of iris.

Vertical Section Throigh the Upper Eyelid.
.. Cutis. 1. Epidermis. 2. Corium. b, 3. Subcutaneous con-
nective tissue, c, 7. Orbicularis muscle r>. Loose submus-
cular connective tissue, e. Insertion of H. Miiller's muscle.
f. Tarsus, g. Conjunctiva, j. Inner; k. Outer edge of the
lid. 4. Pigment cells. 5. Sweat-glands. 6. Hair follicles.
8,23. Sections of nerves. 9. Arteries. 10. Veins. 11. Cilia.
12. Modified sweat-glands. 13. Circular muscle of Riolan.
14. Meibomian gland, is. Section of an acinus of the same.
16. Posterior tarsal glands iS, 19. Tissue of the tarsus. 20.
Pretarsal or submuscular connective tissue. 21, 22. Conjunc-
tiva, with its epithelium. 24. Fat. 25 Loosely-woven pos-
terior end of the tarsus. 26. Section of a palpebral artery.

-

FALLING

l , make,

1
l

in].

- .1 sub-

1

i illj de-
is muscle at the ;

\ nam d to the

id, including the
F.-aghe.
P., Hippocratic.

rumen lying on the
F. -presentation, a presenta-
in labor.

. .i little face], A small

articulating surfa< e of a bone.

iionally seen on calculi,

b other. In biology, a

■

fai <•]. Pertaining
F. Angle, the diver-
. line drawn from the upper jaw tangent
i to the external auditory
F. Artery. idle of. F.

Nerve F. Palsy, or Pa-

ralysis. S F. Spasm. ism. F.

Trophoneurosis. Synonym of sive

F. Vein.
Face i 1 fa ! Appearance, i specially

P., Cardiac, an anxious e
i in the early stages of chronic val-
F. hepatica, a peculiar earthy appear-

janic disease
P. hippocratica, the Hippocratic coun-

i dissolul
hollow, the eyes
. tin- lips relaxed, the
F. ovarina. -i,>n

The feati
>sion anxious, the
trils open
I , the
with wrinkles encirc-
le stupida, the typhoid face.

to make].

Facu • i

Facultative pability].

>ed.

jen. F.

F. anaerobia. I tae-

P. Hypero] manifest hy-

': '• ium,

part of
Saprophyte that

i tic.

■

. the

rpsof professors an<l instructors of a university and
its colleges. F., Medical, the corps of prof<
and instructors of a medical college.
Faecal, Faeces See 1 ■', /

Faecula ( fekf-u'lah). See Fecula.
Faex I . •• lei - " : pi., Faces'], The dregs or

liment of any liquid. F. sacchari, treacle or.
molasses.
Fag [origin uncertain]. Exhaustion; tire. SeeBrain-

J"
Fagara [fag-a'-rah) [I-]- Hie genus Xanthoxylon,

'/■ •
Fagin (fa'-jm) [fagus, a beech-tree]. A principle

contained in the husks of the nuts of the common

beech (Fagus). It is said to be poisonous and

narcotic.

Fagopyrum pi* -runt). See Buckwheat.

Fagus (fa/-gus) [I.., "beech tree: " gen., Fagt], A
genus of cupuliferous trees; tie s. F. syl-

vatica, the common beech. I he bark is said to be
antipyretic, the nuts anthelmintic and anticalculous.
I nof.

Faham (fah'-ahm). Same as Faam.

Fahrenheit's Thermometer. See Thermometer.

Faint (/ant) \_fin , to feign; M.E., faynt, weak].
A condition of languor. Also, a state of syncope or
swooning.

Fainting (fantf-ing) [finge re, to feign; ME., faynt,
weak]. A swoon ; the act of swooning. F. Sick-
ness. Synonym of Epilepsy.

Faintness ( fdnt'-nes). See Syncope.

Faith-cure ( fath'-kur). I he system or practice of at-
tempting or pretending to cure diseases by religious
faith and prayer alone. " It differs from mind cure,
in that the faith-curers have no mind, while the tnind-
curers have no faith." F. -doctor. See F.-healer.
F. -healer, one who-practises the faith-cure.

Falcate I fal'-kat) [falx, a sickle]. In biology,
sickle-shaped.

Falcial ( fal'-se-al) [falx, a sickle]. Relating to the
falx cerebri.

Falcicula (fal-sik' '-u-lah). See Falcula.

Falciform ( fal' -sif-orm) [falx, a sickle ; forma, form].
Having the shape of a sickle. F. Ligament.
Ligament. F. Process, a process of the dura mater
that separates the hemispheres of the brain ; the falx.
Se< • anient, Fern ral, of Hey.

Falcula ( fal'-ku-lah) [dim. of falx, a sickle]. The
falx cerebelli.

Fall ( fatal) [ME., fallen, to fall]. To be dropped in
birth, as a lamb. F. -drink, a Swiss and German
cordial, of exceedingly varied composition and fla-
vored with many aromatic and other herb-. ;i- arnica,
achillea, asperula, etc. It is regarded as a sovereign
remedy for bruises and the effects of falls. Unof. F.
Fever. Synonym of Typhoid Fever, </. v. F.-
rheotome. an arrangement whereby a weight injures

a muscle, and at the same time breaks and mal
galvanometer circuit ; by this instrument it was shown
that the demarcation-current toi Main time to

<\c\ I

Fallacia (fal-a'-se-ah ) [I..]- An insane delusion ; an
hallucination. F. auditoria, a delusion as t" 1
ing. F. optica, any visual illusion.

Falling ( fawl'-ing) [ME., fail n, to fall]. Dropping;
losing one's equilibrium. F. -sickness, a common
term for epilepsy. F. of Womb. See Uterui and
Prolapsus.

1 A I LOPIAN

459

FARCY

Fallopian ( fal-ot-pe-an \ [Falhppius ', an Italian anato-
mist!. Of or pertaining to Falloppius. F. Artery.
.Sue Arteries, Table of. F. Tubes. Sec Ovidu

Utero-ovarian ligament.
Ovary.

Fallopian lube.

Broad ligament

Fimbriated ex-
tremity of tube.
I Fimbria ovarica.
Broad ligament.

Right Fallopian Tube. {After Morris.)

Fallopius, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct. F., Arch
of. See Arch. F, Canal of. Sec Aquedvrt. F.,
Hiatus of, an opening in the petrous portion of the
temporal bone, for the transmission of the petrosal
branch of the Vidian nerve.

Fallow Wards. Certain wards in hospitals that are
occasionally cleared of patients and are then tempor-
arily disused.

False {Jowls) [falsus, deceptive]. Not genuine.
Feigning or closely counterfeiting. F. Amnion,
the vesicula serosa, which disappears as the chorion is
developed. F. Ankylosis, ankylosis due to rigidity
of the soft tissues. F. Bittersweet. Sec Climbing
Staff-tree. F. Conception. Sec /•'. Germ. F.
Germ, a mole, </. v. F. Gromv*ell, the root of
Onostnodium virginianum, reputed to be tonic and
diuretic. Dose of the lid. ext. tri.xv- ^ ss. Unof. F.
Hearing. See Pseudacousma. F. Image, the image
of the deviating eye, in diplopia. F. Joint, a result
of non-union of a fractured bone. F. Measles.
Synonym of Rotheln, q. v. F. Membrane, a fibrinous
exudate upon a surface, as the fauces. F. Pains,
pains that precede true labor-pains. F. Passage, a
passage formed by the laceration of any canal, e.g.,
the urethra, caused by the forcible introduction of a
catheter or other instrument in the wrong direction.
F. Pelvis, the portion of the pelvic cavity situated
above the lineaileo-pectinea. F. Peritonitis, hysteri-
cal manifestations simulating peritonitis. F. Pneu-
monia, peripneumonia notha. F. Pox. Synonym
of Varicella. F. Ribs. See Ribs. F. Water, a
collection of fluid in catarrhal endometritis.

Falsetto (fawl-sel'-o) [Ital.]. A voice both high-
pitched and peculiarly modified as to quality; the
highest register of the human voice. It is more
obvious in the male than in most female voices.

Falsification (fawl-sif-ik-a'-skun) [Jalsus, deceptive;
re, to make]. The fraudulent adulteration of
foods or medicines ; counterfeiting.

Falx ( falks) [1-]. A sickle. Same as Falx cerebri.
In biology, variously used to designate falciform
structures; e. g, the poison-fangs of a serpent or the
chelicene of a spider. F. cerebelli. the falcula ; a
sickle-like proce— between the lobes of the cerebellum.
F. cerebri, the sickle-like process of the dura, separat-
ing the hemispheres of the cerebrum.

Famelic {Jam-el'-ik) ^famelicus, hungry]. Marked

by extreme hunger; effective in overcoming the sensa-
tion oi hunger.

Famelica i fum-eV-ik ah) [fata ' u . hungry], i
famelica; fever accompanied byhunj

Fames {fa'-mli I [L.T. 1 lunger. F. bovina, bulimia.
F. canina (" dog-hunj bulimia. F. lupina,

■■ wolf liun me bulimia.

Family ( fam'-il-e) [familia, a household]. The per-
ns belonging to a household. In biology, a i
of genera similar in organic structun 1- . Ataxia.

Paramyoclonus multiplex. F. Diseases, t:
diseases that are hereditary.

Famine {fam'-in) [fames, hunger] . Severe and con-
tinued hunger. Also, a general scarcity of food,
which result^ in the starvation of many people. F.
Bread, a lichen, Umbilicaria arclica, found in frozi n
regions, and serviceable, in extremity, as human
food. F. Fever. Same as Relaj. . q. v.

Fanaticism ( fan-af '-is-izm) [ fanaticus, pertaining to
a temple]. Perversion and excess of the religious sen-
timent. It often trenches upon the domain of insanity ;
and is sometimes an outcome, at other times a cause,
of mental disease

Fang [M F. , ft ng, a catch]. In biology, any prehensile
part or organ. See Teeth.

Fantome [ fan' '-turn). See Phantom.

Far [F. dial.]. The young of swine ; a litter of pigs.

Far [ME., fer, at a distance]. At a distance. F.
Point. See Function remotum. F.-sightedness.
a colloquial term for Hypermetropia.

Farabeufs Operation. See Operations, Tableof

Farad {far'-ad) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist].
The unit of electric capacity. Practically a capacity
sufficient to hold one coulomb of current having a
potential of one volt. The micro-farad,
of the theoretic farad, is commonly used. A practi-
cal form of condenser of one farad capacity consists
of 300 leaves of tinfoil, each 16 centimeters in diame-
ter, separated by leaves of mica. The entire surface
is about of I.I sq. meters area. See Electric Units.

Faradic {far-ad' -ik) [named from its discoverer,
Michael Faraday]. Pertaining to induced electric
currents. F. Current, the induced electric current.
See Current. F. Induction is brought about by a
current of electricity passing through a wire exciting a
wave of electricity in a second wire placed near or
parallel with it at the instant of opening and closing
the circuit.

Faradimeter ifdr-ad-im1 -et-er) [Faraday; fiirpov, a
measure]. An instrument for measuring the strength
of an induced electric current.

Faradism {far'-aJ-izm) [after Michael Faraday, a
chemist]. 1. Induced electricity. 2. The applica-
tion of induced currents to the treatment of disease.

Faradization, or Faradism {far-ad-iz-a'-skun, or
far'-ad-izm) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist].
The application of the induced current to a diseased
part, or for disease.

Farado-puncture ( far-ad-o-punk' '-chur) [Faraday;
punctura, a puncture]. The pa-age of a faradic cur-
rent into the tissues by acupuncture.

Farcimen | far-si' -men) [ fa rcim in um, farcy : //. , Far-
cimind\. Farcy ; also, a farcy-bud.

Farcin 1 far'-sin) [Fr.]. Same as Farcy.

Farcinia ( far-sin' '-e-ah ). Synonym of Equinia.

Farcinoma \ far-sin-eZ-mah ) [farciminum, fare} ;
a tumor.//., Farcinomata\ A farcy-bud, or glander-
ous tumor ; less correctly, farcy, or glanders.

Farctus f fark'-tus) [L., a " slutting "]. Emphraxis ;
congestion ; infarction.

Farcy '-se\. See Equinia and Baeillu ' .V card,

under Bacteria, Synonymatic 'Fable of. F.-bud, or

FARD1 M»

160

FAS! ING

1 -button A

'.cl-bound ; N' I •

:

the

and

|. Hav-
d to

|. In 111"

lution.
Tubercles
ery >n],

terinary

t \

■]. The

- and other

1. transverse

or Stl nis.

Anal. P. of Arm (BracA-

arm attai bed to the

■ ' apula. F.,

Cervical, Deep the muscles of the neck and

P., Cervical, Super-

ftcii. in, F., Cloquet's.

P., Cranial, a firm, dense layer,

frontalis niu -

Cremasteric, I, thin covering

F . Cribriform, th

F. dentata,

ampal gyrus

P. of the Dorsum of the Foot,

of the foot.

ivity,

I-'., Infundi-

buliform. :. the

ii. F.,
Intercolumnar. from tl

Interc * I ring

Hid the
p.,

Ischio-rectal, ,,f ||,,. |(

P. lata, t

■
Deep, of Leg,

1 I. :mbar, I:

I- of Mamm..

F.nod

I- ,
I Pelvic, !
Perineal,

■

ium P., Plantar, the fibrous membrane of the sole
of the foot. P., Recto-vesical, the viscera] layer ol
the pelvi< fascia, investing the prostate, bladder, and

nun. F., Spermatic, a thin fascia attached to the
external abdominal ring, and prolonged downoverthe
outei surface of th<- chorda u>ii>. F. spirales.

F., Temporal, a strong fibrous investment

ering the temporal muscle. F., Transversalis,
a fascia continuous with the iliac and pelvic fasi

I lying I thi transversalis muscle and the

Will.

Fascial of a fascia]. Pertain

hil; i" orof the nature "t a fa
Fasciate [fa | s, a bundle or band]. In

biology, handed ; also applied to monstrous stems that
>>.\ Bat.
Fasciation i ' ;Aun) [fasciaiio ; fascia, a band-

J. The art or act ol bandaging.
Fascicle [fas'-ik-l) [dim. of fascis, a bundle]. In
biology, a bundle, as a compact inflorescence or a
cluster of leaves. See Fasciculus.
Fasciculate, or Fasciculated {Jas-ik' -n-lat, fas-ikt-u-
la-ted) [fasiculus, a little bundle]. Arranged in
culi, or little bundles.
Fascicule ( fas'-ik-fu) [ / .' ciculu , a small bundle].
In biology, appliedto brush-like bundles of hairs often
m on caterpillar-, i u
Fasciculus (fas-ik' '-u-lus) [dim. of fascis, a bundle:
pi. , Fasciculi']. A little bundle, as the fasciculus of
tilicrs that compose a nerve. F., Olivary. See////,/,
Olivary. F. of Tiirck, the crossed pyramidal tract
of the spinal cord.
Fascination a'-skuri) [fascinatio, a bewitch-

ing]. A form of incomplete hypnotism, intermediate
between somnambulism and catalepsy ; the alleged
controlling influence of one person over another.
Fasciola ( fas-i* -o-lafi) [I,., a small bandage]. The
dorsal continuation of the fascia dentata of the cere-
brum. F. hepatica. See Trematodes. F. hepati-
cum. See Distoma hepaticum.
Fasciole [fas'-e-ol) T fasciola, 9. small bandage]. In

biology, a narrow transverse hand or stripe.
Fascioliasis ( fas-e-o-W '-as-is) [ fasciola, a small band-
age]. A term employed in England for Distomiasis
(Wiame), or Distomatosis (Zundel).
Fasciotomy /' o-me). See Aponeurotomy.

Fast [Ml. . fast, firm, stiff; fasten, to fast]. Fixed;
imm ; close; sound, as sleep ; to abstain from

1 ; abstinence from food. F. Color. See Pig-
met, s and /':• tuffs F.-blue. Same as
Alkali Blu . >•' ■. Blue, Met kyletie- blue. See
/'■■ of. F. -brown. See Pigments,
'us of. F. -green. See Pigments, Conspectus of.
F.-red. See P. nspectus of. F. -yellow.
Same as Acid Yelloi Si •■ Pigments, Conspectus of.
Fastidium [fas-tid'-e-um) [I.., "a loathing']. A

loathing for food or drink.
Fastigatum a' -turn). See Nucleus fastigii .

Fastigiate, Fastigiated (fas-Hj'-e-Ot, -a'-ted) [fastiga-
ling, pointed]. In biology, tapering gradually ;
arallel.
Fastigium i / tij'-e-um) [I... "summit"]. I. The

A d< irsal extension of the

adu Ii into the cerebellum ; it-- cephalic and

meet like a gable roof, whence it- name.

Fasting i fast* m [ME., fasten, to fast"]. The partial

n< e from food. F.-cure.

F. -mania, a prevalent or epidemic

pra bsolute and ■ fa-ling, mainly for

nd profit, -mil as occurred in 1890-91.

ippears to be the extreme limit rea< bed

■ •■• any pi il abstainer from food. P.-

FAT

461

I 1 l;l:ll I GAL

girls, hysterical women who, fur the sake of gaining
sympathy and attention, pretend to fast, but lor the
mosl pari secretly obtain f© id.
Fat [ME., fat, fat]. Sei te, and Oil. F.-

ball, a mass of fatty substance on the dorsal a
of the buccinatoi muscle; called also B
ball. F.-cell, a form of connective-tissue cell con-
taining oil-globules. F. -column, a < olumnar sh
space filled with adipose tissue hum. I in the thicker por-
tion of the cutis v.ra. F. -necrosis, a peculiar form ol

<S^

Fat-cells.

Connective lissu.i
Fibrils.

X 340.

necrosis of a tissue occurring in pin-point sized areas of a
dead-white color. It is seen usually in the interlobu-
lar pancreatic tissue, mesentery, omentum, and ab-
dominal fatty tissue generally, and frequently in con-
nection with pancreatic disease. F. -rickets, that
form of rickets in which there is not excessive ema-
ciation.

Fatal (fa'-tal) [fatalis ; fatum, fate, destiny, death].
Ending with death ; mortal ; deadly ; as a fatal acci-
dent or attack.

Fatigue (fa-teg') [fafigo, weariness]. Weariness,
tiredness. That condition of diminished capacity for
work produced in a muscle by prolonged activity.
F. -diseases, those caused by constant repetition of
certain movements, such as Tailors' cramp, Writers'
cramp, Scriveners' palsy, etc. See Cramp, and
Spasm. F. -stuffs, decomposition products that
have accumulated in the muscular tissue during ex-
haustive efforts ; among them are phosphates, phos-
phoric acid, carbonic acid, and perhaps glycerin-phos-
phoric acid.

Fatty (faf-e) [ME., fat, fat]. A qualification applied
to certain carbon derivatives, including fats and fatty
acids. They were better called marsh-gas or methane
derivatives, as they can all be obtained from methane,
CH4. See Acids, Fatty. F. Degeneration. See
Degeneration. F. Heart. See Heart. F. Nut-
meg. Same as Nutmeg Liver.

Fatuity ( fit u'-it-e) [fatuitas, foolishness]. Amentia
or dementia.

Fauces (fazt/sie) [L.]. The gullet or windpipe.
The space surrounded by the palate, tonsils, and uvula.
In biology, the throat of a monopetalous flower or
the cavity of a gasteropod shell as exposed in the
first whorl. F., Isthmus of, the space at the back
ot the mouth enclosed by the margin of the palate,
the back of the tongue, the pillars of the soft palate
and the tonsils. F.. Pillars of, the folds of mucous
membrane between the base of the uvula and the
posterior border of the tongue.

Fauchard's Disease. See Diseases, Tab I,

Faucial 1 fazu'-se-aT) {fauces, the gullet]. Pertaining

to the fau( •
Faucitis (faw-si'-tis) [/ it: gullet; trie, inflam-

mation]. Inflammation of the fauces; isthmitis.
Fault ( fawlt ) [Ml-:., taut, a lack]. In e y, any

failure in the proper working of a circuit dm
ground contacts, cri or dUconnections.

These maj be of three kinds: 1. Disconm
2. Earths ; 3. < ontacts.
Fauna (fnv'-nali) [Faunus, the god of agriculture :
pi. Fauna or Faunas'], The entire animal life of any
■graphic area or geologic period.
Faunorum ludibria (fawn-o'-rum lu-dib' [I..,

"sport of the faun-,"]. An old designation for
nightmare and for epilepsy.
Favaginous (fav aj'-in-us) [favus, a honeycomb].
Resembling favus ; having a honeycombed surface.
Favella { jar, I' -ah) [favilla, embers: //. . i

In biology, an irregular mass of spore- c mbedded in a
gelatinous material, and constituting a form of sporo-
carp found in the 1 lorideae.
Faveolate [fu-e'-o-ldt) [favus, honeycomb]. Iavose,

honeycombed ; same as alveolate.
Faveolus 'us) [favus, a honeycomb: //.,

Faveoli\. In biology, a pit or cell like that of the
honeycomb.
Faviform 1 fn'-iform) [ favus, honeycomb; forma,
form]. Resembling a honeycomb; a designatioi
certain ulcerated surface-.
Favous, or Favose [far' -us or fav-bs') [favus,
honeycomb]. Resembling a honeycomb ; resembling
favus; alveolate; filled with polygonal depre--i n-.
Favulus (fav' -u-lus), [dim. of favus, a honeycomb :
pl.,Favult\. Any one of the honeycomb-like dep
sions or alveoli of the gastric mucous membrane.
Favus (fa'-vus) [favus, honeycomb]. Tinea fax
Honeycomb Ringworm, a parasitic skin-disease due to
the presence of a vegetable parasite, the Achorion
schoenleinii, which, growing in the epidermis, hair,
and nails, causes varying grades of intlammati
alterations of structure, and, when occurring upon
hairy parts, partial or complete loss of hair. It is
characterized by the presence of variously-sized, sul-
phur-yellow, cup-shaped crusts, having a peculiar
musty odor, which are found on microscopic examina-
tion to be composed almost entirely of the elements
of the fungus. F.-cup, any one of the cup-shaped
crusts that characterize favus.
Faxwax (faks'-waks) [fax, hair; Ger. , wachsen, to
grow]. The ligamentum nuchie, or the material of
which it is composed. It is also called paxwax.
Fear ( fer) [M.lL.,feer\. An emotion of dread ; appre-
hension; the feeling which in its intenser manifesta-
tions is called terror or fright.
Feather (fetli'-er) [AS. ,fedher\ One of the epider-
mal appendages of birds. F. Respiration-register.
See Anesthetic.
Feature (fe'-chiir) [factura, a making]. Any single

part or lineament of the face.
Febricity 1 fe-bris'-it-e) [febris, a fever]. Feverishness.
Febricula 1 f.-orik'-u-lah) [L., dim. of febris, fever].
A term indicating a slight and short fever, most fre-
quently encountered among children. The rash that
accompanies it is very similar to that of scarlet fever.
Febrifacient (feb-re-fa' '-se-ent) [ febris, a fever ; fa cere,

to make]. Causing fever.
Febriferous (fe-brif'-er-us) [febris, a fever ; ferre, to

bear]. ( ausing or conveying fever.
Febrific ( fe-brif'-ik) [febris, a fever]. Febrifacient.
Febrifugal t fe-brif '' '-u-gal) [febris, fever; fugare, to
dispel]. Removing or dispelling fever.

I 1 BKI1

l I \ll.\t (NUCLEUS

Febrifuge

i

Febrile !:l">

I lu' qu

F. bullosa

uarrhah

F. fame-
l- Bava
F ' •

re. 1 '• re"

mittens

,; Pertaining to or

■

I

I

Fecc- |uor,

tions "i

I
Fecula |. The

Liment subsiding

Feculent i .impure]. Abound-

mentitious ;
y.
Fecundate fei undate].

:llt.

Fecundation

ion ; the a<
F., Artificial, impregnation by

:iic tluid

Fecundity ... fruitfulness].

iction. F., Segregate. See

nt.
Fee': |. Lacking strength ;

P -minded, idiotic.
Fee! nourish], i. To supply

i.illy
fodder.
Feeder irish]. I. An

of insane
2. See Cross-

nourish]. The

V.. Artificial, the intro-

i de-

ump or in the form of an

en : a , f ■ i I . l by fo id oilier

F-bottle, a glass flask
eding liquid
F -e .; . I in tb feed

F Forcible, the admi n of

■
F, -gland, a land

F. -groove,
r bee, al<

the
1 by the Rectum, the introduction of

nema or sup
.ystcm.

ition

-.

Feel- In nna.

ious
sta

Feet I he plural of Foot, q. v. F., Frosted. See

tin.

FegaritK [Sp-i ""'?» inflammation]. An

old name for a form of gangrenous stomatitis.

Fehling'a Method. A method of dressing the umbili-
cal cord. I 'he stump is wrapped in cotton- wool pow
dered with a mixture ol salicylic acid one pan, and
rch five pan-. It becomes mummified. F.'s
Solution, a solution for testing for sugar in the urine ;
tin- solution doe- not keep well, Prof. Hoi
land advises its manufacture as follows: To be kept
in two distinct parts [a) lake copper sulph, 34.04
gms. and watei enough to make 500 c.c. M.
Pure Rochelle salt 173 gms.; sol. sodium hydrate (sp
,1.33), 100 c.c, and water enough to make 500
I or use, mix equal volumes, and thus make
Fehling's solution. See Copper. F.'s Test for Sugar.
See / v... Table of.

Feigned Disease. Sec Disease.

Fel [ 1 I Bile. F. bovis, or F. bovinum, ox-gall. The
biliary liquid of the domestic ox, Bos taurus. It is a
dark-green, ropy substance, consisting mainly of sodium
glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, together with
cholesterin. It is a tonic, antiseptic, and purgative,
useful in emulsifying the fatty portions of food. F. b.
inspissatum, 100 parts fresh ox-gall, strained and
evaporated to 15 parts. Dose gr. v-xv. F. b. purifi-
catum, ox-gall 3, alcohol 1 part. This .should stand
24 houi -training ; then evaporate to the con-

sistence of a pilular mass. ■ Dose gr. v-xv.

Fell's Method. A method of forced respiration in cases
of narcotic poisoning or drowning, by means of an
apparatus consisting of a tracheotomy-tube attached to
a bellows. F.'s Paste, Caustic, or Cancer-salve, a
famous salve formerly used in epithelioma. Its formula
was : chlorid of zinc and powdered sanguinaria root,
of each one ounce; starch, enough to make a paste;
apply on pieces of kid leather or wash leather.

Fellator [feV -at-or). See Passivism.

Fellatrice ( fel-at-risf\ [Fr.l. The female agent in irru-
mation, who receives the male organ in her mouth and
by friction with the lips or tongue produces the orgasm.

Fel'lic Acid [fel'-ik) [fel, bile], C^H^O,. A constit-
uent of the bile.

Fellmongers' Disease. Anthrax; so called as attacking
dealers in fells, or pelts, and skins.

Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites. A proprietary
preparation. Each dram contains hypophosph. of iron
gr. j, quinin gr. '4 , strychnin gr. Jj, calcium and
manganese aa ^r. j, potassium q. s. hose zj. Unof.

Felo-de-se [fef -lo-de-se) [Sp.]. A suicide. Also, anyone
who commit- an unlawful malicious act, the conse-
quence of which is his own death.

Felon [fel'-ori). See Paronychia.

Felt \_feltrum, felt]. A fabric of hair or wool entangled
together by beating and rolling. Felt splints are em-
ployed in surgery.

Female (fr'-mal) \_feminea, femella; femina, woman].
Belonging to the sex that conceives and bears young.
In surgery, denoting that part of a double-limbed instru-
ment tb e complementary part. F. Cathe-
ter, a catheter basing a short tube with a slight curve
to correspond to the female urethra.

Feminism (f,»i' in-izm) [femina, a woman]. Arrested
development of the male organ- <>f generation, accom-
panied by various mental and physical approximations
to the characters of the female sex.

Feminity ( f,-ni -in'-it-e), or Femininity ( fem-in-in' '■
1 \ femina, a woman]. The sum of those qualities
that distinguish the female sex.

Feminonucleus 1 fern in-o nuf-kk^ni)\femina1yfiovaasi\

nucleus, & kernel], The embryonii female nucleus,

distinguished from the corresponding male nucleus.

FEMORAL

163

FERMEN I A HI >.\

Femoral {few' '-or-al) [femur, the thigh bone]. Per
taining to the femur. F. Arch, that formed by Pou-
part's ligament. F. Artery. See Arteri , Table of.
F. Canal. Sec Canal. F. Hernia. See Hernia.
F. Ligament of Hey. See Ligament. F. Ring,
the abdominal end of the femoral canal, normally

The Femoral Ring and Saphenous Opening.

(After Holden )
(The arrow is introduced into the femoral ring),
i. Crural arch. 2. Saphenous opening of the fascia lata.
3. Saphena vein. 4 Femoral vein. 5. Gimbernat's liga-
ment. 6. External abdominal ring. 7. Position of internal
ring

closed by the crural septum and the peritoneum. F.
Sheath, a continuation downward of the fasciae that
line the abdomen. It contains the femoral vessels.
F. Vein. See Vein*

Femoren {fem'-or-en) [ femur, the thigh-bone]. Be-
longing to the femur in itself.

Femorocele {fem'-or-o-sel) [femur, femur; Krf/ri, her-
nia]. Femoral hernia.

Femoro-rotulian {fern' ' -or-o-ro-tu' '-le-an) [ fewur, the
thigh-bone; rotula, the patella]. Pertaining to the
femur and the rotula or patella.

Femoro-tibial ( fern' '-or-o-tib' '-e-al) [ femur, the thigh-
bone ; tibia, the shin-bone]. Relating to the femur
and the tibia.

Femur {fe'-mef) [L.,^/., Femora, or Femurs']. The
thigh-bone, the longest and heaviest bone of the
body, articulating with the acetabulum and the tibia.
See Bones, Table of.

Fenestra {fe-nes' -trail) [L. , a window]. 1. In anat-
omy, a name given to two apertures of the ear, the
F. ovalis and F. rotunda. 2. The open space in the
blade of a forceps. 3. An opening in a bandage or
dressing for drainage, etc.

Fenestral, or Fenestrate ( fe-nes' -tral, fe'-nes-trat )
[fenestra, a window]. Having apertures or openings.

Fenestrated {fe-nes1 '-tra-ted) [fenestra, a window].
Perforated. F. Membrane of Henle, the outer
membrane of the inner coat of the arteries.

Fenestrella {fe-nes-treP '-ah\ [dim. of fenestra, a win-
dow : pi., Fenestrellce\. In biology, a transparent spct
in the wing-cover of certain insect-.

Fenestrule ( fe-nes' -trill) [fenestra, a window]. In
biology, a small open space, as between the anasto-
mosing branches of the cenecium of a polyzoan.

Fenger's Operations. See Operations, 'Table of.

Fennel (feu' -el) [M K.,feneT\. An umbelliferous plant,
Fceniculuin capillaceum, native to the ( >ld World and
common in cultivation. Its dried fruit {Fceniculum, U.
S. P.) is aromatic and carminative, but is chiefly used as
a corrigent, as for senna and rhubarb. See Fceniculum.

Fenner's Guaiac-mixture. See Guaiac-mixture.

Fenugreek {fen' ' -u-grek)[fenum, hay ; gracum, ( ireek].

The leguminous plant, Trigonella faenumgrcecum : also
its mucilaginous and oil) seed; it is used in plasters
and poultices, and i-, vahnd in veterinary practice,
deflj as a vehicle for other medicines.

Fenwick's Operation. See Operation . Table of .

Feraconitin n'-it-in). Sameas Pseudaconitin,

'/•
Feral {fe'-ral) [feralis, deadly] . Deadly or fatal ; as
a feral disease.

Fergusson's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. F.'s
Operations. S<-c Operations, Table of .

Ferine {fe'-rin) [ferinus, wild; fera, a beast]. Nox-
ious, malignant, or violent ; as a ferine disi

Ferment {fer'-menf) [ fermentum, leaven, yeast]. Any
microorganism, proteid, or other chemic substance
capable of producing fermentation, i. *\,the oxidation
and disorganization of carbohydrates. Cf. Enzym ;
Zymaze. F., Organized, or Living, one that gi
and multiplies at the expense of the substance in which
it occurs — this takes place only so long as the ferment
is living. Yeast is the representative of this class, caus-
ing fermentation by splitting up sugar into CO., and
alcohol. See Fermentation. F., Unorganized, or
Non-living, a nitrogenous body produced within the
body by the vital activity of the protoplasm of the cells.
These ferments are soluble in water and glycerin, and
can be precipitated by alcohol. The following is a list
of this class : Ptyalin. in saliva, converts starch into
maltose. Pepsin, in gastric juice, converts proteids into
peptones in an acid medium. There are also in the
gastric juice milk-curdling, fat-splitting, and lactic
acid ferments, whose functions are indicated by their
names. In the pancreatic juice, there are F., Diastatic
or Amylopsin, converting starch into maltose ;
Trypsin, converts proteids into peptones in an alka-
line medium ; F., Emulsive, emulsify fats ; F., Fat-
splitting, or Steapsin, splits fats into glycerin and
fatty acids, and F., Milk-curdling. In the intotinal
juice, there are F., Diastatic, which changes maltose
into glucose; F., Proteolytic, which changes fibril)
into peptone ; Invertase, which changes cane-sugar
into grape-sugar; and F., Milk-curdling, and F., Dia-
static, are also found in blood, chyle, liver, milk, etc.
Pepsin and other ferments are also found in muscle
and urine; and, lastly, a Fibrin-forming F. is also
found in blood.

Fermentation ( fer-men-ta'-s/iuu) [fermentum. leaven].
The decomposition of complex molecules under the
influence of ferments (organized) or zymazes or enzyms
(unorganized), frequently accompanied by the assimila-
tion of one or more molecules of water (hydrolysis).
Processes of oxidation and deoxidation sometimes ac-
company fermentation. The ordinary transformation
termed eremacausis or decay, is an oxidation process.
Putrefaction is applied especially to those fermentations
involving nitrogenous matter and accompanied by the
disengagement of offensive gases. In these cases, the
growth of one or more species of microbes is cor-
related with the chemic changes in the medium. F.,
Acetic, the fermentation whereby weak alcoholic solu-
tions are converted into vinegar, caused by the Bacillus
aceti, etc. F., Albuminoid ; the agents of this de-
composition are the Bacillus albuminis, B. catenula,
B. claviformis, />. distortus, B. filiformis, B. geni-
eulatis, B. scaber, B. tenuis. B. urocephalus, etc. F.,
Ammoniacal ; the agent of the ammoniacal fer-
mentation of urine is the Micrococcus urece. F.,
Butyric, the conversion of butter-fat into butyric acid,
due to a microbe. Bacillus butyricus. F., Gluconic ;
glucose is transformed by the action of the Microci
oblongus. F., Lactic, the decomposition or "sour-
ing ' " of milk, caused by the microbe. Bacillus lacticus.

\ I 1 MIA

l-.l

FERRl M

Propionic .

I F.,

Putrefactive, nmonly know •

■ally

P., Test.
P., Viscoui xiuced in the culture-

gummy sub

'.entemi.i . leaven ;

rmal pi rment in

the
Fermentogen ■"'■■. leaven;

.nee | like pepsinogen
ption ol the ap]

Fern [ '■'. . . j A lous plan) "I" the

Ferntickle [Pi Eng.]. A freckle ;

Fcrraluin 'umen, alum].

A ry disinfectant, consisting largely of the

and aluminum.

Ferramentum n'-tuni) [1... an iron imple-

j. A surgical instrument of

Ferran, Peronospora of. See P ronospora.

Ferrein. Canal of. See Canal. F., Pyramids of. See

F., Tubule of. See Pyramid.

Fern- tun, iron]. A prefix that indicates

the , as nguished from < impounds.

quadrivalent element.

Ferrier's Snuff. A snuff used in acute rhinitis. Its

mula is hydrochlorate of morphin gr. ij, powdered

I subnitrate of bismuth, jjvj. See

Ferro- rum, iron]. A prefix used with

Tons) compounds and salts of

Ferrocyanid ' an-id j[ ferrum, iron; cyanogen].

A gen with an element or

i potassium | i midum) is

: iron was so formerly. That of zinc

given as a rnedi

r. 1-4. in pill. F. of Potassium

and Acetic Acid Test. S(

Ferrocyanogen (fer-o-si-an'-o-jen\ [forum, iron;

'/]. The quadrivalent radical, Fe(CN
Ferrous urn, iron]. Containing iron as a

tie.
Ferrozone mot, iron ; b&iv, to smell].

a part of iron protosulphate ;
■
Ferruginous -urn,

urn, iron]. A metallic i

•1I1 -, an instrument used
ning irregularly placed

/']. Iron. /•;■ .56.
istei vary-
I
I : mally many

' . redactum, -

■ ined by

[1

■ ■
In

in

j_v. F. redacti, Trochisci (B.P.), each containing

1 of iron. Ferri acetat., Liq., a 33 pn cent,
solution in water. F. acetat.. Liq., fort (B.P.).
Dose itl j-viij. F. acetat., Tinct., has liq. ferri
acetat 50, alcohol 30, acetic ether 20 parts. It is styp-
tic and stimulant. Dose \\ x-3 ij. F. bromid., Fe-
Bi Dose gr. v-xx. F. bromidi, Syr., contains i<>
I of ferric bromid. It isa sedative tonic, rec-
ommended in nervous di I >ose itl v kxx. F.

carb. saccharat., contains 15 per cent, of ferrous
carbonate. It is a stimulant to digestion. Dose gr. ij-
x, with food. F. carb., Massa, Yallet's mass; ferrous
sulphate loo, sodium carbonate IIO, honey 38, sugar

-snip and distilled water aa q. s. ad fac. IOO parts.

»e gr. iij to v, after food. F. carb., Pil. (B.P, |.
Dose gr. v-xx. F., Mist., aromat. (B.P.). Dose
Sj— ij. F., Mistura, comp., Griffith's mixture ; ferrous

hate 6, myrrh, sugar, aa iS, potassium carbonate 8,
spt. lavender 50, rose water 900. This is essentially a
carbonate of iron. Dose^ss. F., Pilulae,comp.,(Jiif
fith's pill, containing each, ferrous sulphate gr. <4 , so-
dium carb. gr. \ , myrrh gr. iss, syrup q. s. 1 »ose gr. ij
to vj. F. chloridum, !•'<•„( '1,.. 12 I I.,< ), strongly acid.
ast ringent, hemostatic, and styptic. It is never used inter-
nally. F. chlorid., Liq. (Liq. fer. perchloridi, I!. P.),
an aqueous solution containing 38 per cent, of the salt.
Dose mjj-.x ; rarely used. Liq. fer. perchlor. fort.
(B.P. ), a powerful styptic. Fe.i(C?H507)26II,0. F.
chlorid., Tinct., contains liq. ferri chlor. 25, alcohol
q. s. Ii is very commonly used, and is one ol the
best tonic preparations. Dose rt\y-xx. Tinct. fer.
perchloridi 1 1!. I'.). Dose rrLx-xx. F. citras, solu-
ble in water, insoluble in alcohol ; a mild stimulant.
Iiosegr. ij-v. F. citras, Liq., "a solution of ferri citrat.,
35 per cent, in strength. Dose tr^ v— xv. F. citras,
Vinum, ammonio-ferric citrate 4, tinct. orange peel,
syrup, aa 12, stronger white wine 72 parts. Dose 3J-
ij. F. hypophosphis, Fe2(H2POj)6, ferric hypo-
phosphite, soluble in very dilute hydrochloric acid.
Dose gr. v-x. F. iodidum saccharat., soluble in
water. It is a tonic. I lose gr. v-xxv. F. iodid., Pil.,
contains reduced iron, iodin, liquorice, sugar, acacia, and
water, coated with balsam of tolu in ether. Dose j-ij
pills. F. iodidi, Syr., contains 10 per cent, of the
iodid. Dose mjv-xxx. F. lactas, le(( ,1 IO:t).,.3lU >,
ferrous lactate, — best solvent, sodium citrate. Dose gr.
j-iij. F. nitratis, Liq., aqueous, contains 6 per cent,
of the salt ; it is styptic and astringent. Dose ft^v— xv.
F. oxalas, Fe< '.,< ),. 1 1.,( >. Dose gr. ij in pill. F. oxid.
hydratum (Ferri peroxid. hydrat. B.P.), Fe(HO)6,
ferric hydrate, prepared by adding aq. ammonia S
parts to a solution of ferric sulphate 10 parts. It is an
antidote for arsenical poisoning, and should be prepared
asneeded. Dosegj. F. oxid. hydrat. cum magnesia,
should be- prepared as needed from sol. ferric sulphate
1000 gr. , water 2000 grains, to which is added magnesia
150 gr., water 3 xxxij. It is an antidote for arsenic.
F., Emplastrum, strengthening-plaster; ferric hy-
drate 9, olive-oil 5, Burgundy pitch 14, lead-plaster
72. F., Trochisci, have each oi ferric hydrate dried
gr. v, vanilla gr. ,',,, sugar and mucilage of traga-

th q. s. I lo-e j iij each day. F. phosphas,
Fi l',« i_.M I„( 1. an adjuvant to laxative pills, gr.
F. phosphat., Syr. 1 I; I'. 1. Dose 3 j. Fox's
Pill B.P , Blaud's Pill. See Pill. F.'pyrophos-
phas, ta and non astringent. Dose gr. ij-v.

F. subchloridi, Syr. (B.P.). Dose ^ss-j. F. sul-
phas, FeS04 jll/i, copperas, protosulphate of iron,
ferrous sulphate, astringent and irritating. It is an
ingredii nl of pil. aloi - 1 1 ferri, q. v. F. sulph. ex-
siccat., FeS04. H20. Dose gr. ss-ij in pill. F. sulph.
granulatus 1 Ferri sulphas granulata, B. P.), FeS-

FERTILE

n;r>

FE'l I S

04. 7 H./ », the foregoing precipitated from its solution
by alcohol. 1 lost- gr. ss-ij. F. subsulph. , Liq., Fe4< »
(S(),)v Monsel's solution, an aqueous solution of
basic sulphate of iron, powerfully astringent, Myptic
and hemostatic; it i> rarely given internally. I1" e
rr^iij— x. F. valerianas, Fe2(C5H902)6, valerianati oi
iron, soluble in alcohol. Dose L;r. j -hj, in pill. F. et
ammonii citras, citrate of iron 3, water of ammonia
I part. 1 >om' gr. ij— v. F. et ammonii sulphas, am-
nionic sulphate of iron, ferric alum. This is the least
astringent of the sulphates. Dose gr. ij— v. F. et am-
monii tartras ( F. tartaratum, B.P.), amnionic tar-
trate of iron. Dose gr. v-xx. F. et potassii tartras,
the least disagreeable of all iron preparations. Dose
gr. v-x. F. et quininae citras, contains 12 per cent,
ofquinin. It is astringent and stimulant. Dose gr.
iij-v. F. et quin. cit., Liq., of doubtful value.
Dose 1TLv-xv. F. et quin. citras solubilis, used in
preparing vinum ferri amarum. F., Vinum amarum,
bitter wine of iron, contains sol. citrate of iron and
quinin 8, tinct. orange-peel 12, syrup 36, stronger
white wine 44. It is a good substitute for the various
"elixirs of calisaya and iron." Dose .^j-iv. F. et
strychninae citras, contains 1 per cent, of strychnin.
It is astringent and stimulating. Dose gr. j-iij. F.
et ammonii acetat. Liq., Basham's mixture, con-
tains tinct. fer. chlorid 2, acetic acid 3. liq. ammonii
acet. 20, elixir aurantii IO, syrup 15, water 5° parts.
It is very agreeable, tonic and diuretic. Dose Jjij— v.
t nofficial preparations. — F. albuminas. Dose gr.
x-xxx. F. arsenias, Fe:!As208 (not to be con-
founded with arsen// of iron). Dose gr. yj—g. F.
dialysatum, dialyzed iron, a ten per cent, oxychlorid
in water. It is astringent and styptic, but only feebly
chalybeate. Dose HLx— xxx. Liq. ferri dialyzat.
(B.P.). Dose n\ x-xxx. F. et manganesii iodidi,
Syr., containing in each fluid ounce 50 grains of iodids
in proportion of 3 of iron to I of manganese. Dose
tTLx-xxx^gj. F. et manganesii phosphat., Syr.,
syrup of ])hosphate of iron and manganese. Each
dram contains 2 gr. phosph. of iron and I grain of
manganese. Dose 3 j. F., Mistura, aromat. , pale
cinchona bark 4, calumba 2, cloves I, iron-wire 2,
tinct. cardamom, comp. 12, tinct. orange-peel 2, water
of peppermint 50. Do?e §j-ij. F., Mist., laxans,
ferrous sulphate gr. ij, magnesium sulphate 3J, dilute
sulphuric acid ITL,iij, spt. chloroform n\xx, water of
peppermint ad ^j. F., Mist., salicylat., olei gaul-
therice TTLxxxij, tr. ferri chlorid f 3 iv, sodii salicylat.
jiv, acid, citric, gr. x, glycerin, f^j.liq. ammonii
citrat. (B. P.) q. s. ad f.^iv; iron to be added last in
mixing. Ferro-salin., Mist., magnesium sulphate 5 j,
potassium bitartrate ^j, dried sulphate of iron gr. x,
water 5 xxxij. Dose a wineglassful. F. phosphatum,
quininae et strychninae, Syr., Easton's syrup, unof.
Each ^j contains gr. j phosph. of iron, gr. j quinin,
and gr. fa strychnin. F. Salicylas. Dose gr. j— v.
F. Tersulphatis, Liq., solution of ferric sulphate,
used in making other iron preparations.

Fertile {fer' -til) [fertilis, fruitful]. Prolific, fruitful.
In botany applied to flowers having a pistil.

Fertilization ( fer-til-h a'-shun) [ fertilis, fruitful]. Im-
pregnation ; fecundation ; the initial act of sexual re-
production ; it consists essentially in the union of two
cells possessing respectively male and female qualities.

Fertilizing Pouch {fer'-til-iz-ing powch). A folded
apparatus connected with the oviduct of queen bees.

Ferula ( /<■>■> '-u-lah) [L., "a rod"]. I. Giant fennel.
A genus of the order Umbelliferse. See Asafetian,
Galbanum, Sumbul, Sagapenum. 2. A splint.

Fervor {fer'-vor) [L., '-heat"]. Fever-heat; it is
defined as being more than calor and less than ardor.
30

Fessitude {fes'-it-ud) [fessus, weary]. A -ensation of
w eariness.

Fester | f, /-/■>) [ME.,/flfef], 1. Any -mall or super-
Im ial ulceration. 2. To inflame slightly.

Festination {fes-tin-a'-shun) [festinare, to hasten]. A
symptom oi paralysis agitans and other diseases in
which the patient shows in walking a tendenc) intake
quicker and quicker steps. PropuLion or retropul
are coincident symptoms.

Fetal {fc'-tal ) [fetus, an offspring]. Pertaining to the
fetus.

Fetation {fe-ta' -shun) [fetus, a fetus]. 1. The forma-
tion ol a letus. 2. Pregnancy.

Fetich, Fetish (fe/-tish). Any material object re-
garded with veneration or awe.

Fetichism, Fetishism (fe'-tish-izm) [Fr., fetich"].
The term applied by Binet to the sexual perversion
exhibited by collectors of napkins, shoes, etc. He
maintain- that these articles play here the part of the
fetish in early th«ology. The favors given by the
women to the knights in the Middle Ages were both
tokens of remembrance and sexual excitants of satis
faction. Fetichism is the association of lust with the
idea of certain portions of the female person, or with
certain articles of female attire. It is designated as
dress-f, hair-f, hand-f, glove-f, s/ioe-f, etc., ac-
cording to the object worshiped.

Fetichist (fe/-tish-ist) [Fr., fetich']. An individual
whose sexual interest is confined exclusively to parts
of the female body, or to certain portions of female
attire.

Feticide (fe'-tis-id) [fetus, an unborn offspring ; cezdere,
to kill]. The killing by intent of the fetus in the
womb.

Fetid {fe'-tid, or fet'-id) [fetere, to become putrid].
Having a foul odor. F. Stomatitis. Synonym of
L 'Lenitive Stomatitis.

Fetiferous ( fe-t/f-er-us) [fetus, a fetus ; ferre, to bear].
Pregnant.

Fetiparous (fe-tip' '-ar-us) [fetus, a fetus ; parere, to
produce]. Giving birth to a fetus.

Fetlock {fet'-Iok) [ME. , fitlokes\ A tuft of hair grow-
ing behind the pastern-joint of horses. F. -joint, the
joint of a horse's leg next to the foot.

Fetlow {fet'-lo) [E. , dial]. A kind of whitlow or
felon, seen upon cattle.

Fetometry (fe-lom'-et-re) [fetus, offspring ; uirpov,
measure]. The measurement of the fetus, especially
of its cranial diameters. The measurements usually-
made are as follows : —

Table of Measurements.

1 Of the Child.

Length, 50 cm. (20 in}

Bisacrotnial, 12 " (4.8 •')

2. Head.

Bitemporal 8 cm. (3% in)

Biparietal 9^ " (3%")

Occipitofrontal, . 11% " W/i ")

-mental 131.- (5^

Trachelo-bregmatic 9>2 " (3*4 ")

Circumference, occipitofrontal . . . 34^ " (138")
Weight of Child 2737 grms. (7% pounds).

Fetor (fe'-tor) [L.]. Stench; offensive odor. F.
narium. Synonym of Ozena.

Fetter-bone ( fet'-er-boti). In farriery, the same as
great pastern. See Pastern.

Fettered ( tet'-erd). In biology, applied to animals,
a- the seal, which have the hind limbs modified so as
to unfit them for walking.

Fetus {fe'-tits) [fetus, offspring]. The young of vi-
viparous animals in the womb ; the embryo in the
later stages of development. The following is a table
of the development of the embryo and fetus in the

FETUS

FEVER

differ Indis-

:iu r in.inun.il-. li i- a flat-
unshed by a yelk-
month, i-
(tremity oi the fetus. The

-

■'ronto-tiK-ntal.

i to-
frontal.

iregmatlc.

Tarnier.)

heart, first traces of
rudimentary extremities, oral

il closes
if tin- fails t.i occur at this time).
I or Grov

i 57 in hes), and is about the i

a ; xept the

il auditory meatus, tym-

iian tube. At this time arrest of

lip, umbilical hernia, or

distinguishable.

■t hand- and feet appears, and

ma] genitals also n< iw develop,

Third Month.

■Inn in ; 9 cm. long (3.6

I'i n^ers

and nail- appear

■i'ication are- found

the head

> the tr mined by the appear-

?o gnu- (.63 grains.

■ 6 in. in length. Lanugo

onium. Sex is

S48.76 -rains.

-s 1 in Vernix caseosa

senile in appearance

'. Quickening

Weight, Jj 3 grms.

12 in. ^1 lair

■ ir. lb.-

nguinal rings. Weight, 715

1 | in.

=

1 in. Down on
rhe lefl testicle has

project beyond 'the
lbs. Ninth

1 n ises

l 1 than

at term. V.

»h

2h

lbs.

Fetus. 50cm. long 20 inches; weight, 2737 grms. =
7'; lbs. Skin i- rosy; lanugo has disappeared.
The nails are perfect and project beyond the finger

tip- The eye- are opened. The center of OSSl 1

cation in the lower epiphysis of femur is 5 mm. in
diameter, while that of the cuboid bone is ju>t be-
ginning to -how. Diameters of head are normal. F.,
Amorphous. SeeAnideus. F. Anideus. See /4m-
F. in fetu (fetus within the fetus), the name
applied to those interesting inclusions in which the
stronger fetus in it- growth has included within its
organism the parts of the weaker fetus. F. papyra-
ceus, the name given to the malformation resulting in
a twin 1 cy, when, owing to an inequality in the

circulation of the embryos, the weaker fetu- dies, anil
by the continually increasing pressure of the growing
fetus is flattened more and more against the uterine
walls, until the mass has a thickness little greater than
stout parchment. F., Position of, the position occu-
pied by the fetus in tile mother's womb. It may be
oblique, transverse, or longitudinal. Also, the posi-
tion occupied by the fetus with reference to the
mother- pelvis. See Table (p. 467). F., Presen-
tation of, that part of the fetus that presents in
labor. See Presentation.
Feuillea {fii-il'-e-ah) [after Louis Feuillet, a French
naturalist]. A genus of cucurbitaceous climbing
plant- The seeds of F. cordifolia, of Jamaica, are
emetic and purgative. F. trilobata, of Brazil, has
similar qualities. Unof.
Fever {fe'-ver) \_febris, a fever]. A systemic disease
or symptom of disease wdiose distinctive characteristic
is elevation of temperature, accompanied also by
quickened circulation, increased katabolism or tissue-
waste, and disordered secretions. F., Abdominal.
See F., Typhoid. F., Adeno-nervous. Synonym
of Plague, 1/. v. F., Adeno-typhoid. Synonym of
/•'. , Mediterranean. F., African. See /•'. , Yellow,
and Dengue. Also the same as /•'. , Congo. F. and
Ague. See F. , Intermittent. F., Amatory. See
Amatory. F., Anomalous, one the symptoms of
which are irregular. F., Aquamalarial. Same as F. ,
Malarial. F., Ardent, a nonspecific, continued fever
occurring in hot climates, in which the ordinary symp-
toms of febricula are exaggerated. See Ardent. F.,
Articular. See Dengue. F., Asthenic, one with a
low-fever temperature, weak circulation, and great loss
of nervous force. F., Ataxic. See /•'. , Typhus. F.,
Atypic. See F. , Anomalous. F., Ballast, fever on
shipboard ; said to be due to decaying organic matter
in the ballast. F., Barbadoes. Synonym of /■'..
Yellow. F., Barcelona. Synonym of F, Ye/'
F.-bark. See Alstonia. F., Bilious, one accom-
panying affections of the digestive organs. F.,
Black. Synonym of Cerebrospinal meningitis. F.,
Blackwater, a fever occurring on the west coast
Vfrica, and characterized by attacking only those
who have already suffered from malarial fever.
There i lill followed by lumbar pain, slight

jaundice, fever, and the passage of porter-like urine
Bilious vomiting may occur, and death with uremic
symptoms. It occurs in paroxysms — in other words,
it is a paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. F., Bladdery.
1. A vulgar name for Pemphigus. 2. Same as /•'. ,
Catheter. F. -blister, a vesicular or pustular dermal
eruption seen near the mouth, after a febrile disturb-
. often occurring after a common cold. See I terpen
facialh and //. labtalis. F., Boa Vista. Synonym
of/-., ) How. F., Bona, a form of malignant malarial
r in Algeria. F., Bouquet. Synonym of Dengue.
F., Brain, fever associated with cerebral disturbance,
or with inflammation of the cerebral meninges. F.,

TABLE OF THE POSITIONS AND PRESENTATIONS OF THE FETUS.

>

u
z
Id

—

fa

Varieties.

>3

Position of Fetus.

1 [1 IN of Fktal

Heart-soi nds.

Mor 1 Al 1 1 v.

TIOS.

Symbol.

II 1 NC
OH Yakiki 11

<
-

-1
-
/-

-

<

s

Vertex.

95 per

cent, of
all cases.

Left occipito-
anterior.

L.O.A

70 per
cent

Occiput to left acetabulum, fore-
head to right sacroiliac joint ;
bai k to left; extremities to right,

above.

One inch below, and
to left of umbilicus.

5 per

cent

Less
than 1

1" 1
cent.

Left oceipito-
posterior.

L.O.P.

Occiput to left sacro-iliac joint,
forehead to right acetabulum :
back in left flank ; extremities
to right, anteriorly.

In left flank, below a
transverse line
through umbilicus.

Over y
per
1 ent.

Right occipito-
anterior.

R.O.A.

Occiput to right acetabulum. t< u 1
head to left sacro-iliac joint;
back to right; extremities to
left, above.

Near median line, be-
low umbilicus.

Over 9

per
cent.

Right occipito-
posterior.

R O.P

30 per

edit

Occiput to right sacro-iliac joint,
forehead to left acetabulum;
back in right flank; extremi-
ties to left, anteriorly.

In right flank, below
a transverse line
through umbilicus.

S per

cent.

Face.

lA of i
per cent.

Left mento-
anterior.

L.M.A.
L.M.P

Second
in fre-
quency.

Chin to left acetabulum, forehead
to right sacro-iliac joint ; back
to right ; extremities to left.

Left side of abdomen,
below umbilicus.

13 to 15

per

1 ent

6 per

cent.

Left mento-
posterior.

Chin to left sacro-iliac joint, fore- Left side of abdomen,
head to right acetabulum ; back below umbilicus,
to right ; "extremities to left.

Right mento-
anterior.

R.M.A.

Chin to right acetabulum, fore-
head to left sacro-iliac joint ;
back to left ; extremities to
right.

Right side ofabdomen,
below .umbilicus.

Right mento-
posterior.

R.M.l'.

Mi ''-t
com-
mon.

Chin to right sacro-iliac joint,
forehead to left acetabulum;
back to left ; extremities to
right.

Right side ofabdomen,
below umbilicus.

Brow.

*4 of i
per cent.

Left fronto-an-
terior.

L.F.A.

•

Brow to left acetabulum ; chin to
right sacro-iliac joint ; back to
left ; extremities to right, above.

Left side of abdomen,
below umbilicus.

30 per

cent.

10 per

cent.

Left fron to-
posterior.

L.F.P.

Brow to left sacro-iliac joint ; chin
to right acetabulum ; back to
left; extremities to right, above

Left side of abdomen,
below umbilicus.

Right fronto- R.F.A.
anterior.

Brow to right acetabulum; chin Right side of abdomen,
to left sacro-iliac joint ; back to below umbilicus,
right; extremities to left, above.

Right fronto- R.F.P.
posterior.

Brow to right sacro-iliac joint; Right side ofabdomen,
chin to left acetabulum ; back to , below umbilicus,
right; extremities to left, above.

Shoulder.

% of I
per cent.

Left dorso-an-
terior.

L.D.A.

Most
com-
mon.

Head in left iliac fossa, back an-
terior; extremities on right side,
in upper part of abdomen.

Left side of abdomen,
below umbilicus.

Almost
50 per
cent.

11 per
cent.

Left d o r s o -
posterior.

L.D.P.

Hfad in left iliac fossa, back pos-
terior: extremities on right side,
in upper part of abdomen.

Frequently cannot be
heard.

Right dorso-
anterior.

R.D.A.

Head in right iliac fossa, back
anterior; extremities on left
side, in upper part ofabdomen.

Ri'^lit side ofabdomen,
below umbilicus.

Right dorso-
posterior.

R D.P.

Head in right iliac fossa, back Right side of abdomen,
posterior; extremities on left below umbilicus to-
side, in upper part ofabdomen. ward the flank.

Breech.

3 to 4 per
cent, of
all cases.

Left sacro-an-
terior.

L.S.A.

Most
com-
mon.

Sacrum to left acetabulum ; back
to left anterior; abdomen to
1 ight posterior.

Left side of abdomen,
above umbilicus.

30 per
cent.

Less

than 1
per
cent-

Left sacro-pos- L.S.P.
terior.

Sacrum to left sacro-iliac joint;
back to left posterior ; abdomen
to right anterior.

Left side of abdomen,
above umbilicus and
toward the back.

Right sacro-
anterior.

R.S.A.

Sacrum to right acetabulum; Right side ofabdomen,
back to right anterior; abdomen above umbilicus,
to left posterior.

Right sacro-
posterior.

R.S P.

Sacrum to right sacro-iliac joint ; Right side ofabdomen,
back to right posterior; abdo- above umbilicus and
men to left anterior. toward the back.

467

1 1 \

168

I EVER

Breslau 'n

, Brokcnw::

'•'•■ Bulam.
F., Bur J wan.
F.-bu ■':-. ■

til stimu-
itile oil.

! - .. ::. Call

; . Carbuncular.
1-".. Catarrhal, i ne with

Mil

I-'.. Catheter, mittent

the-
i Ccrebro-spinal, a malignant epi-

itrai ti"ii
i the hi
bral and

F.,

CI1.. al.

ho-

Child-be /. F.,

Colorado. F., Congestive,

intermittent malarial

■ M • n //is.

ila-

: . ails

F., Contagious.

F . Continued, one in

temperature

!. when ver

F., Country.

F., Cretan Ita. F.,

New, of Crete an.

Y . Dandy F., Date.

F., Deccan. Synonym of

F., Diary. Synonym of

F.. Dothienteric. Synonym of

F., Dynamic. Synonym of F.,

Y .. Elcphantoid, a name given to the

ml the ■

F., Enteric. See A,

idemic Catarrhal. Synonym of

F . Epidemic Gastro-rheumatic. Syno-

!•' . Epihippic, influenza in the

I'., Eruptive, that accompanied <>r suc-

I

. . F., Eruptive Epi-

demic, of In : F.,

F., Famine. See
Fcco-malarial. See F.,M,

Y -:'•• .v. ; „ in m,

linintic

I ii. ■ T. F.,

F., Florida,

ical

■\ typhoid

• high

' indefinil

■ in-

•bilious.
Gibraltar
F., Haj if the mucous membrai

til
[t is mat
tbundant lachry-

' ' ind

othei grasses, and to dust, odors, perfumes, and irrita
ting substances acting upon a hypersensitive Schneidi
rian membrane in those with a marked nervous con-
stitution. It i> aKo attributed to the influence of
microbes that float in the air. Climate seems to 1m ,i
potent factor in the etiology in certain > a-cs. F.,
Heat. Synonym of Insolation. F.-heat, the heat
F., Hectic. Synonym of Tabes mesenterica.
Also the fever that accompanies pulmonary tubercu-
losis and other disease- attended with suppurati
F., Hemo-gastric. See /. , Yellow. F., Hospital.
/•'., Typhus. F., Idiopathic, one the cause of
which escapes detection. F., Inflammatory. Syno
nym of Anthrax. F., Intermittent, one in which the
symptoms intermit, with intermediate periods of free-
dom from the febrile attack. This is the common form
of malarial fever. F., Italian. Synonym of Influenza
and of /'. , Mediterranean. F., Jail. Synonym of
/■'., Typhus. F., Jungle, a remittent fevei of India.
F., Kendal. Synonym of F., Yellow. F., Leghorn.
Synonym of /.. I F., Lent. Synonym of/..

Typhoid. F., Levant. Synonym of /., Relapsing.
F., Low, fever of an asthenic type. F., Lung, ai

iipous pneumonia. F., Lying-in. Synonym of F.,
Puerperal. F., Maculated. Synonym of F., typhus.
F., Malarial, a febrile condition of periodic character
dependent upon the presence ofthehematozoamalarise.
F., Malarial Typhoid, typhoid fever modified by
simultaneous malarial infection. F., Malignant, a
si vere and fatal form of any fever. F., Malta. See
/•.. Mediterranean. F., Marsh. Synonym of /•. ,
Malarial. F., Mediterranean, Gastrobilious 1 ever;
ial Fever; Malta Fever; Italian Fever;
Neapolitan 1 ever; Cretan lever; RockFever; Gibral-
tar Fever; a specific febrile disease occurring particul
ary on the Mediterranean coast, and characterized by
long, irregular pyrexia, frequent relapses, rheumatii
complications,* constipation, and the absence ol ulcera
tion of Peyer's patches. It has an incubation period of
from six to nine days. The temperature may rise to 1040
or ic6° 1 •'., and in fatal cases to Ilo° Y. The course is
often prolonged to from three months to a year or
more. The mortality rate is about two per cent. F.,
Mesenteric. Synonym of 'Tabes mesenterica. F.,
Miasmatic. Synonym of F., Malarial. F., Miliary,

an former!} very comm occurring in an

epidemic form, with a prodromal stageof twoorthree
days, during which there is great irritation of the
skin, debility, and a feeling of suffocation. This is
followed by profuse sweating, high fever, precordial
and trie distress, and the appearance on the

third or fourth day of a rash, first upon the neck and
breast, consisting of numerous round or irregular spots,
in the centei of which vesicles arise that finally burst
and form crusts. Desquamation and slow convales-
cence follow. F., Military. Synonym of F., Ty-
phus. F., Milk, a form of slight puerperal septi-

lia, formerly thought to be <\uc to (he formation of
milk in the mother's breast. F., Mountain. Syno-
nym of /., Typhoid. F., Mucous. A synonym of
/■'., Typhoid, ,/. v. F , Neapolitan. Si e F., Medi-
terranean. F., New. Synonym of /•". , Malta. F.,
Night-soil. Synonym ol /•'. . Typhoid. F., Och-
lotic. Synonym of /. . Typhus. F.. Paludal. See
/■. . Intermittent. ¥.. Panama, an endemic fever on
the Isthmus of Panama; pernicious malarial fever.
F., Periodic. See F., Intermittent. ¥., Pernicious,
a malignant fatal type ol remittent or intermittent
malarial fever. F., Peyerian. Synonym of /•'. ,
Typhoid. F., Prison, typhus fever. F.. Puerperal,

tria ; an acute, heterogenetic, contagious febrile
women in child-bed. It is due to the in-

FEVER

u;u

FEVER

troduction of germs and septic material into the sys-
tem, the poisonous agents finding entrance through
the wound- and lacerations of the genital tract con
quent upon parturition. In some cases these wound-.
take on an unhealthy condition with the formation
over them of a whitish or grayish pellicle; they then
form the so-called diphtheric ulcers, although they
bear no relation to true diphtheria. In other cases
there may start up a gangrenous condition spreading
rapidly to the adjoining tissues. Virchow calls this
variety Erysipelas Malignum Internum, q. v. It may
assume a number of other form.--, all oi whii b are ol a
greater or lesser degree of gravity. F., Puking.
Synonym of Milk-sickness. F., Pulmonic. A syno
nym of Croupous Pneumonia. F., Putrid. Synonym
of/'"., Typhus. F., Pyogenic. Synonym of Strangles.
F., Pythogenic. Synonym of F. , Typhoid. F.,
Quinin, fever produced by large doses of quinin ; it
is attended with hematuria, dysuria, dyspnea, threat-
ened collapse. F., Red. Synonym of /' n u F.,
Relapsing, famine Fever; an acute specific febrile
disease characterized by a short paroxysm of fever,
ending in crisis, followed by a well marked remission,
and that by a relapse on or about the fourteenth day.
The fever is high and the patient restless ; there is no
characteristic eruption ; but the patient emits a peculiar
musty odor like that of burning straw. Epistaxis, often
profuse, is present. A crisis is usual on the seventh day
and is attended usually by some critical discharge. In
seven days,, or a little sooner, the relapse occurs, last-
ing from a few hours to seven days or more. During
convalescence there may be a flaky desquamation.
Theie is always in this disease marked enlargement of
the spleen ; the liver also is enlarged, as well as the kid-
neys. The disease is due to the presence in the blood of a
specific spirillum, which is only seen during the parox-
ysms. F., Remittent, a paroxysmal fever with exacer-
bations and remissions, but not intermissions ; u-u-
ally applied specifically to remittent malarial fever.
F., Rheumatic. See Rheumatism. F., Rock. Syn-
onym of F., Mediterranean. F., Scarlet. See
Scarlatina. F., Septic, one due to the admission of
septic matter into the system. F., Seven-day. Syn-
onym of F., Relapsing. F., Seventeen-day. Syn-
onym of F., Relapsing. F., Ship. Synonym of /•'. ,
Typhus. F., Shoddy, an illness occurring among
shoddy-grinders. The symptoms are headache,
malaise, dryness of the fauces, and difficulty of breath-
ing. The acute symptoms subside in six or eight
hours, but cough and expectoration remain as a
chronic condition. F., Siam. Synonym of F,
Yellow. F., Simple Continued, a continued, non-
contagious fever, varying in duration from one to
twelve days, and usually ending in recovery, F., Solar.
Svnonym oi Dengue. F.-sore, a colloquial name for
necrosis of the tibia ; also a fever-blister. F., Spiril-
lum. Synonym of F. , Relapsing. F., Splenic.
Synonym of Anthrax. See Pustula maligna. F. ,
Sthenic, fever characterized by abnormal increase of
the cardiac and vital activities. F., Stiff-necked.
Synonym of Dengue. F., Sudoral. Synonym of /.,
Mediterranean. F., Summer, hay-fever. F., Sun.
Synonym of Insolation. F., Three-day. Synonym
of Dengue. F., Traumatic, that following trau-
matism, surgical or accidental. F.-twig. See
Climbing Staff-tree and Celastrus. F., Typhoid,
Enteric Fever; an acute continued fever due to a
specific virus, the bacillus typhosis, and characterized
by peculiar intestinal lesion.-, splenic enlargement,
macula; on the skin (rose spots), headache, delirium.
diarrhea, prostration, etc. The morbid changes are
chiefly in the lower part of the ileum, occasionally

in the upper part of the colon, and consist in a
necrotic inflammatory infiltration of the follicular
structures and neighboring part->, commonl) called
" Peyer's patches," with a catarrhal inflammation of
the rest of the intestinal mucous membrane. The

... an the i bat u b ristic liquid ochei colored p
sages, resembling pea-soup. Epistaxis is frequently an
early symptom. The duration of the disease is usually
about four weeks. Then maj be, however, an al ■
live form of the disease ending at from the eighth to the
fourteenth day. I he afebrile form, whichis rare, may
have a normal or even subnormal temperature through-
out the entire course. Perforation of the bowel,
peritonitis, hemorrhage, and tympanites are some ol
the complications ol the disease. Ri occur in

a certain proportion of the cases. The poison of
typhoid fever usually enters the system through I
drinking-water, or milk, or by inhaling effluvia from
drains. Direct contagion from the sick to the healthy
plays but a small part in the dissemination of typhoid
fever. See Table of Exanthemata. F., Typhoid,
Ambulatory, the latent form, with illy-defined symp-
toms, so that the patient scarcely feels ill enough to go
to bed. .The prognosis in this form of the disease is
often grave. F., Typhoid, Atypical. Synonym of
/'., Mediterranean. F., Typhoid, Canine, a peculiar
form of typhoid fever occurring only among patients
who have been previously subject to malaria. The
period of invasion is from one to three days, during
which the patient complain- of general discom
constipation. This is followed by a rapid develop-
ment of the fever, the temperature almost immediately
reaching 1040 F. After the third day diarrhea, epis-
taxis, and intestinal hemorrhage occur. The fever sub-
sides at the end of the first week, though the diarrhea
and enlargement of the spleen continue. The pulse
is always slow. F., Typhoid, Intermittent. Syno-
nym of F. , Mediterranean. F., Typho-malarial, a
malarial fever with typhoid symptom.-. F., Typhus,
an acute, specific, epidemic, contagious, exanthematous
fever, probably due to a specific infecting germ, and
characterized by a peculiar petechial eruption, depi
sion of the vital powers, profound cerebral manilV-
tions, and absence of any discoverable lesion. It ter-
minates by crisis on or about the fourteenth day. or by
death from exhaustion or coma. See Exanthemata,
Table of. F., Typhus, Abdominal. Synonym of
F, Typhoid. F., Typhus, Walking, typhus fever
in which the vital powers are not greatly reduced, so
that the patient does not go to bed. F.. Urinary,
the febrile disturbance that follows the use of the
catheter or bougie, or other operation upon the
urinary organs, or any distinct impression made upon
the urethra or bladder by some other means than
these. Urinary fever varies in severity, from a slight
chill and moderate rise of temperature to a well-
marked chill with considerable rise of temperature.
F., Vitular. See Collapse, Parturient. F., Vitulary.
See Collapse, Parturient. F.-wort. See Triosteum.
F., Wound. Synonym of /''.. 1'raumatic. F..
Yellow, an acute, specific, infection-, contagii
paroxysmal, malignant fiver, occurring mainly in sub-
tropical regions, and characterized by three stages
— the febrile, the remission, and the collapse. The
poison of the disease is destroyed by frost. The
period of incubation varies from one to fourteen
days. The onset is sudden, the temperature high.
There is a tendency to hemorrhage from the n<
mouth, vagina, kidneys, or stomach ; the skin and
conjunctivae acquire a yellow tint or even a deep olive
or mahogany color. There may be vomiting of
altered blood. In fatal cases there is found a granular

1 l \l i:i>h

170

FIBR( iMA

de_ the

i

• IllltlUltl

Feverish mcwh.it

.::. re tin ism -

Fiber

mu F

Axial,

it ind the axis-

I Beale's. n in

mes a medul-
F, . Biihlmann's, pe< uliar lines formed in

F., Gott-
stc • rve-fibers of

F. of Corti.
F. of Gerdy, rid of Gbers

the
F. of Muller, a supporting
it unites the various layers "t
}■'. of Remak. certain pale and non-
ind mostly in branches
F. of Sharpey, delicate
gb and rivet together
F., Sustentacular.
F. of Tomes, elongated and
ti iblasts of the pulp,
th.
Fibra S ime as Ft

Fibration ■ j. 1 ibrous con-

I
Fibr I ■ :bnlla ril'-ah) [dim. of

iponent filament
applied to minute nerve-filaments.
Fibrillar fiber]. Pertain-

F. Contractions, spontaneous con-
rent bundles
are characteristically ob-
lar atrophy.
Fibrillar;. is Fibril

Fibrillation [jibrilla, a small fiber].

_■ fibrillar; also a fibrillar contrac-
F. of New
sue, tli ; fibril lae in new-form

Fibr. i fiber]. A native albumin or

olid in shed

nd lympl gulation of these

"i innumerable,

ed, microscopic,

the blood-corpus-

ml with th< in forming the

I ibrin forms about

tnd is insoluble in «

itonin by dilute
F -ferment, a ferment obtainable

red It
blood. Its

fiber]. The
ni. .nut of fibrin.
Fibrinogen

of the globulin

dations,

ibu-
pl isma, aided b;

FibrinogenR ,„, a |

Fibrinogenous (/i-brin-of-en-us) [Jibra, a fiber;
, to produce]. Forming or producing fibrin.

Fibrinoplastic ( fi-brin-o-plas'-tik) [Jibra, a fiber;
to form]. Of the nature of fibrinoplastin.

Fibrinoplastin (Ji-brin-o-plas'-tin). See Paraglobuhn.

Fibrinous i //' brin-us) [fibra, a fiber]. < If the nature
i >i i ■! containing fibrin.

Fibrinuria {Ji-brin-u'-re-aK) [libra, a liber; oipov,
urine]. The presence <>l fibrin in the urine to an
extent that causes it- coagulation after the li<|ui<l
has been voided. It usually occurs in the course ol
villotis of the bladder, or after the use of

canthai i

Fibro- i //' -/ire-) [Jibra, a liber]. A prefix used to
denote fibrous structure.

Fibro-areolar (Ji-bro-ar-e* '-o-lar) [fibra. fiber; areola,
dim. of area, an open space]. Containing both fibrous
and areolar tissues.

Fibroblast (Ji* -bro-blast) [Jibra, fiber; A'/nr.mr, germ],
A connective tissue cell.

F'ibro-bronchitis {fi-bro-brong-ki'-tis) [Jibra, fiber;
t<», the windpipe; tree, inflammation]. Bron-
chitis with the expectoration of fibrinous casts.

Fibro-carcinoma ( fi-lno-kar-sin-o'-niah) [Jibra, fiber;
Kapnivufia, carcinoma : pi, Fibrocarcinomata]. A car-
ina with fibrOUS element-.

Fibro-cartilage I fi-bro-kar* '-til-aj ) [fibra, a fiber ; car-

tilago, gristle]. Cartilage with more or less co]

intermixture of fibrous element-.
Fibro-cartilaginous (Ji-bro-kar-til-ajf-in-us) [Jibra,

tilier; cartilago, gristle]. Composed of or contain

ing fibro-cartilage.
Fibro-cellular (Ji-bro-sel' '-u-lar) [fibra, fiber; cclla,

cell]. Until fibrous and cellular; fibro-areolar.
Fibro-chondritis (Jl bro-koirdri'-tis) [Jibra, fiber;

Xfiin ' , cartilage; trig, inflammation], inflammation

of fibro-cartilage.
Fibrocyst ( fi'-bro-sis/) [jibra, liber; Kinnr, cyst]. A

fibroma that has undergone cystic degeneration.
Fibro-elastic { fi-bro-c-las'-tik) [Jibra, fiber: eXaorucdg,

elastic]. Consisting partly of fibrous elastic tissue.
Fibro-enchondroma {Ji-bro-en-kon-dro'-mak) [ fibra,

fiber; tv, in; ,V'''ffy"".', cartilage ; bfta, tumor: pi.,

Fibro-enchondrcmata~\. An enchondroma containing

fibrOUS element-.

Fibro-glioma {ji-bro-gli-o' -»iah) [Jibra, fiber ; ;■>.■«,
glue; bfta, tumor: pi. , Fibrogliomatd\. A tumor con-
sisting in part of fibrous and in part of glious element-.

Fibroid [Ji/-broid) [Jibra, fiber; eldoc, likeness]. A
term applied to such structures as possess a fibrous ap-
pearance, but cannot be separated into libers. Also,
a fibroid tumor. F. Heart, a chronic form of myo
carditis in which there is a development of fibrous
connective ti-sue in the cardiac muscle. F. Indura-
tion. See Induration, F. Phthisis, the ver)
chronic form of phthisis, in which the inflammatory
products have taken on a fibroid chanj

Fibroin (Ji'-bro-in) [fibra, liber], < ,11 \M,, An
albuminoid; a white, shining substance, the chief
constituent of the cocoon- "I insects and spider-web.
See also Fibrorin,

Fibro-lipoma ( fi-bro-lip-o' '-mah) [fibra, fiber; /
fat; i'lm. tumor: pi., Fibro-lipomata~\. A neoplasm
constituted of both fibrous and fatty i [< mi nts.

Fibroma {Ji-bro* -mafi) [fibra, a fiber; bfta, a tumor:
pi.. Fibromata]. I. An\ fibrous-tissue tumor; it is
ilso inoma. z. See Molluscum fibrosum. F.,
Concentric, a soft, red, vascular form of uterine fibro-
ma, forming a general enlargement oi the uterus, con-
centrically surrounding the uterine cavity. It contains
a relatively greater abundant e of muscular tissue than
the other v.: | fibromata, F. fungoides. See

IlbKOMYITIS

171

I 1 1. ARIA

Granuloma fungoides and Mycosis. F. lipoma-
todes. Same as Xanthoma, a. v. F. molluscum.
Synonym of Molluscum fibrosum. F. simplex.
Synonym of Molluscum fibrosum,

Fibromyitis (fi-bro-mi-i'-tis) [fibra, fiber; pic, mus-
cle; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation oi a muscle,
leading to its fibrous degeneration.

Fibro-myoma (fi-bro-mi-of-mah) [fibra, fiber; (ivg,
muscle; bun, a tumor: pi. , Fibro-myomata"]. A
tumor composed of fibrous and mus< ular ti- ;ue.

Fibromyxoma ( fi-bro-miks-o' -man) \Jibra, fiber; u
mucus ; bua, a tumor: pi., Fibromyxomata\ A ill -r. >
ma that is undergoing a myxoid change.

Fibroplastic (fi-bro-plas' '-ti£) [fibra, fiber; rrXaaaeiv,
to form]. Showing a tendency toward the formation
of fibers; a terra applied to certain cases. of spindle-
celled sarcoma.

Fibrorin [fi-bror' -in) [fibra, fiber]. In biology, the
substance of which the webs of spiders are composed.

Fibro-sarcoma ( fi-bro-sar-ko' '-mah \ [fibra, liber: ffdpf,
flesh; bua, tumor: pi, Fibro-sarcomaia~\. A spindle-
celled -an >.ma, with elements that cause it to resemble
a fibroma.

Fibro-serous (fi-bro-se'-rus) [fibra, liber; serum,
whey]. Having the qualities of a fibrous and serous
structure. F.-s. Membranes, thin, transparent, glist-
ening structures forming closed sacs, that contain
certain organs. They are the peritoneum, the two
pleurae, the pericardium, the tunica vaginalis testis, the
arachnoid, and synovial membranes.

Fibrosis {fi-brof-sis) \_fibra, fiber]. The development
of-Luteralitial fibrous tissue; it occurs as, a disease-
process in the coats of the smaller blood vessels at about
middle life. F., Arterio-capillary. See Endarteritis.

Fibrous (fi'-brits) [fibra, a fiber]. Containing fibers;
of the character of a liber.

Fibula (fib'-u-lah) [L. ,a buckle]. The smaller or
splint-bone at the outer part of the lower leg articu-
lating above with the tibia, and below with the
astragalus and tibia. It forms the external malleolus.

Fibulad ( fib'-u-lad ) [ fibula, a buckle; ad, to].
Toward the fibula ; on the fibular side.

Fibular ( fib'-u-lar) [fibula, a buckle]. Relating to
the fibula.

Fibulare (fib-u-la'-re) [L. : pi., Fibularia~\. Same as
Calcaneum.

Fibulen ( fib'-u-len) [fibula, a buckle]. Belonging to
the fibula in itself.

Fibulo-calcaneal ( fib-u-lo-kal-ka' '-ne-al) [fibtda, a
buckle ; calcaneum, the heel]. Pertaining to or con-
necting the fibula and the calcaneum.

Ficarin [Jik'-ar-in) [ficus, a fig]. A neutral principle
obtained from the common ficary ; it i~ used internally
and externally for piles.

Ficary (fi&'-ar-e) [ficaria; ficus, a fig; a hemorrhoid].
The Ranunculus ficaria, pilewort, a common European
herb, long a popular remedy for piles.

Fichtelite {fich' -tel-lt) [Ger.,/5cAtel],< ,„!! ..... A min-
eral resin that occurs, together with retene, in the peat
of fossil pines. It crystallizes in vitreous prisms, and
melts at 460 C.

Fick's Angle. See Angle.

Ficoin I fi'-ko-iri) [ficus, a fig]. Doliariin, or cradin ;
a form of papayin, or vegetable pepsin, obtained from
various species of Ficus.

Ficosis (fi-ko'-sis). See Sycosis.

Ficus {fi'-kus) [L. , a tig-tree]. 1. The fig. The
fleshy receptacle of F. carica, native to Asia Minor,
and cultivated throughout Europe and tropical Amer-
ica. It contains 62 per cent, of grape-sugar when
dry. It is somewhat laxative and fairly nutritious.
and is a constituent of Confectio senna. The genus

/. // contains many species. Forms of papayin
(cradin, doliariin) occur in several species. Ol
afford caoutchouc, lac, etc. 2. A hemorrhoidal or
condyloma^ ius tumor.

Fiddle', Scotch [ME., fidel\ The itch.

Fiddler's Muscle. See Fidicinal.

Fidgets (fif-ets) [dim. ol fidge\ Uneasiness; 1
lessness ; dysphoria, q. v.

Fidicinal Muscle [fid-is* -in-al) [fidicinus, for playing
on stringed instruments]. Musculus fidicinalis ; any
one of the four lumbrical muscles of the band.
Must .' , Table of

Fidispinalis [fid-is-pi-na' -lis) [fidicinus, for playing
..11 stringed instruments; spina, the back]. The
muscle called multifidus spin - . fable of .

Field [Ml . feeld\ Any space or ai

daily the field of vision. F., Contraction of the,
occurs in certain retinal and cerebral affections. F. -
glass, in an eye-pii lens farthest from the eye.

F. -hospital, a temporary hospital on a battle-field.
F. of Vision, sometimes spoken of simply as the field.

Field of Vision of thf. Left Eye.

The extent of indirect vision with fixation of the visual
a\is upon one point. Its limit for white light is
about 900 outward, 700 inward and above, and 6o°
downward. The F. for Colors is more restricted;
that for blue is nearly as large as that for white,
while that for red and green is more narrow. F.,
Testing the. See Perimeter.

Fifth Nerve. See Trifacial '. F. Ventricle. See Ven-
tricle.

Fig [ME., fig, a fig]. See Ficus. F.-wart. See
Verruca acuminata. F.-wort, the herb Scrophularia
nodosa, an alterative, diuretic, and anodyne. It is
sometimes used in the form of an ointment for piles.
I )ose of the fld. ext. .^ss-j. Unof.

Figure of Eight. See Band

Fila (fi'-lab) [I..]. Plural of Filum, </. v.

Filament ( /if-am-cnt) [filum, a thread]. A small.
thread-like structure or part of an organ, as a mu-
nerve, or tendon. F.. Spermatic, the caudal filament
of a spermatozoon.

Filaria ( fi-la'-re-ah) [ filum, a thread]. A genus of

nematode or thread-worms of the family Filariid.r.

Parasites (Animal), Tabic ef F. bancrofti. See

I 11 ^RIASIS

172

IK iCCA, BACILLUS OF

F.
conjunctiva human i

F. lentis has
P. medinensis.
and /
F. sanguinis hominis.

1 1 v e

the

the lymph-

■

■

F.

sangumolentu

• ised
human blood of Filar ia
me allied species.
.
F. cutters Diseast m of pneumonoki

Y ., Dcnta". tarum ; Lima

:n in-trt: the remo

I here are files
and molar teeth, i
Filh :*tic of. A »ed of

tash mixed with alcohol.
Filices a fern]. Ferns.

rm thread ; forma, form].

F. Bougie. S F. Papillae,

if the papillae of the

F. Appa-
ratus, in i _ imlinalh i. homo-

< ;ip. often
h <>t" the two

itus or egg-appa-

Filipuncturc thread; punc

int. > an aneurysmal
or the like, to promote

] A general name for
F femina, or feminea, the fern now
A*plenium filix femina, female fern orspleen-
F. mas, male fern.

urn, oil]. The

iu's Method. -
Fillc- thread]. A loop shaped

h the handles of
ari tus,

•• /;>■///-
.' . Olivary, nerve fibers

lulla. F. Test.

". to fill]. The material
th.
Filn. :] A ; r thin skin ;

■

?lume 'uma, a

abundant

Filo-

. • thread;

\ »

for
r liquid

solutions the impurities it may contain. F. Paper,
a paper of close, firm mesh, much used l>v pharma

i ists i"i iiltratic in.

Filth [ME., . . foulness]. Foul, offensive matter.
F. -disease, any disease due to filth. F. -dread. S
Mysophobia and Rupophobia,

Filtration fil-traf tAutt) [ fiUrum, felt]. The o]
tion of straining through bibulous paper. The
white filter-papei should be used for filtering alkaline
or alkaloidal solutions.

Filtrum {fil'-trum) [1... felt: pl.t Filtra\ i. Felt,
2 A filter or strainer.

Filum (Ji'-lum) [I-]. Any thread-like or filamentous
structure ; in surgery, a thread or wire. F. corona-
rium, a cord-like ridge that runs along the auricular
opening of the heart. F. terminate, the terminal
Strands of the spinal cord, extending from the first
lumbar vertebra through tin- Cauda equina.

Fimbria (fim'-bre-ah) [I. at., a "fringe": //., Fim-
bria']. Corpus fimbriatum; taenia hippocampi ; a zone
consisting of alba alone, and forming, as it were, a
margin for the hippocamp. There is one in each
hemicerebrum between the hippocamp and the rima.
F. ovarica, one of the fimbriae of tin- Fallopian tube
nearly double the length of the other*, and characterized
by the great size of its secondary fringes. It li
toward the ovary.

Fimbriae (fim'-bre-e) [ fimbria, a fringe]. Thread*;
a fringe. F. of Fallopian Tube, the fringe like
processes of the outer extremity of the oviduct.

Fimbrial ( Jim' -bre-al) [fimbria, a thread]. Relating
to the fimbria or to fimbriae.

Fimbriated (fim' -bre-a-led) [fimbria, a threadl.
Fringed ; having a shred like or fimbrial border.

Fimbriocele (fim' -bre-o-sel) [fimbria, a thread ; />///,,
hernia]. Hernia enclosing some or all of the fim-
briae of an oviduct.

Fimetarious (fim-et-a1 f-re-us) \_fimus, dung]. In bi-
ology, growing on dung.

Finckler and Prior, Spirillum of. See Bacteria,
Synonymatic Table of.

Fine {fin) [ME., fin, line]. Opposed to coarse. F.
Adjustment. See Adjustment.

Finger (fing^-ger) [ME., finger]. A digit of the
hand. F., Clubbed. See Clubbed Fingers. F.,
Insane, a finger affected with a variety of chronic whit-
low; it is seen in certain cases of confirmed brain-
disorder. F., Mallet, a deformity of a finger charac
id by deficient extension or undue flexion of the
terminal phalanx. F. -stall, a rubber covering foi
a finger. F., Transparent, a small, round plate of
glass set in a metal frame, used by Liebreich in plai <
of digital pressure in lupus-examinations. A lens maj
In- used in place of plain glas*, thus illuminating the
n. F.. Trigger. See Trigger-fin

Fingers and Toes, Numbering of. Among anatom
i*ts tin- iiilr is almost universally followed of number-
ing from tin- thumb and preat tor (polluxand hal
lux). Occasionally the index linger is considered
number •

Fining (fi'-ning) [ME., fin, tine]. A term applied
to the "clearing" of wine. It consists in addinj
muddy win<- some albuminous or similai substance
that will mix with tin suspended matterand i lit) it to
tin- bottom or brin^ il to the surface. 'I In- sub
stani es most generally employed an- white of egg, ox-
blood, and milk, or mixtures ol these substances. ■

Finlay's Micrococcus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Tal

Finn(tf«). The cysticercus or larva of a tape worm.

Fiocca, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic

FIR

173

FISSURE

Fir i fur) [ME., fir, the fir-tree]. See Abies. F. -bal-
sam. See Abies balsameq,. F. -wool, a fiber prepared
in Germany from pine-leaves. It has I com

mended as a material for the clothing of invalid-,.
F.-wool Extract, an extract prepared from the leaves
of Finns sylvestris in the process oi separating fh wool.
li is used in chronic rheumatism. LJnof. F.-wool
Oil [Oleum pini sylvestris, I). P. |, the fragrant vol
oil distilled from the leaves of Pinus ryh/i tris,
mainly by inhalation. Dose, for rheumatism, 10-20
drops, four times a day.

Fire (fir) [ME., /Ire]. The visible heat of burning
bodies. F.-damp, the gas contained in coal, often
given off in large quantities, and exploding, 00
ignition, when mixed with atmospheric air. F.
measles. Synonym of Rotheln. F.-weed. See
Erechthiles and Epilobium.

Firing (fir^-ing) [ME., fire, tire]. The application,
either slight or caustic, of a hot metallic cauter. I he
sterilization of a vessel or flask by the combustion of
contained alcohol.

Firming (fitrm'-ing) [firmus, firm]. Hardening of
the flesh of a slaughtered animal. Marked flaccidity
of the tlesh is a sign of an unhealthy condition of the
meat.

First (furst) [ME. , first]. Before all others; fore-
most in rank. F. Intention. See Healing. F.
Light Oil, the fraction of coal-tar distilling at a tem-
perature up to I70°C. It includes a small percentage
of ammonia liquor which is mechanically contained in
the tar, and is separated from the tar-oils by being
allowed to stand and settle out, when it is drawn off.
The specific gravity of this fraction is about .975, and
it is made up of benzene, toluene, and higher homo-
logues, with phenol, cresol, naphthalene, etc.

Fischer's Operation. See Operations, Table of . F.'s
Test. See Tests, Table of.

Fisetin ( fi-se'-tin). Same as Fustin.

Fish [ME.,fisch~\. A vertebrate with gills and tins, in-
habiting the water. F. -berry. See Cocculus indicus.
F. -gelatin. See Glne and Isinglass. F. -roe Bodies.
See Fungus Foot. F.-skin Disease. See Ichthyosis.

Fisher's Brain-murmur. See Signs and Symptoms,
Table of. F.'s Train-murmur. See Signs and
Symptoms, Table of.

Fissate (fis'-dt) \_fissns; findere, to cleave]. In bi-
ology, applied to antennae or other structures having
the terminal portion divided or split into two parts.

Fissile {fis'-it) [findere, to split]. That which may
be split or cleft. In biology, formed of plates or
scales closely placed together.

Fission (fishf-un) [fissus ; findere, to cleave]. In bi-
ology, spontaneous self-division of unicellular organ-
isms or histologic cells, as a process of multiplication.

Fissipalmation (fis-ip-al-ma'-shun) [fissus; findere,
to cleave; palma, palm]. In biology, applied to ani-
mals having the toes incompletely webbed.

Fissipara (fisip/-ar-ah) [fissus; findere, to cleave ;
pants, produce]. In biology, applied in a general
way to all organisms that multiply by spontaneous
self-division.

Fissiparation (fis-ip-ar-a' '-shun) [ findere, to split ;
parere, to produce]. A form of cell-division. See Cell.

Fissiparous (fis-ip'-ar-us) [findere, to split; parere,
to produce]. Propagating by fission ; applied to uni-
cellular organisms or histologic cells that undergo spon-
taneous self-division in the process of multiplication.
See Fission.

Fissural Integer (fish'-fir-al in'-te-jer). See Integer.

Fissuration ( fisk-ur-a'-shun) [ findere, to split]. Same
as Fission. Also applied to the arrangement of the
fissures of various organs, such as the brain.

Fissure (fish'-Hr) [fissura ; findere, to cleave]. \
groove or cleft A term applied to the clefts <>r
grooves in various organs. F., Abdominal, a sepa
ration of the recti muscles of the abdomen, either
above and below the umbilii us, >*r both. F., Ac-
cessory, the inferior end of the cartilaginous por-
tion of the Eustachian tube. F., Adoccipital
Wilder), an inconstant cerebral fissure, extending
across the caudal portion of the precuneu-. and
forming an acute angle with the occipital lis^ure. F.,
Ammon's, during the early fetal period, a pyriform
fissure in the lower portion of the sclerotic coat of
the eye. F., Amygdaline [of Wilder), a cerebral fis-
sure on the mesal aspect of the tip of the temporal li
it may be identical with the basirrhinal fissure ol < )wen ;
it is collocated with the amygdala. F., Anal. See
F. of the Anns. F., Anterior (of Burdach), a cere-
bral fissure, probably the presylvian. F., Anterior
(of spinal cord). See F., Anterior Median (of spin, il
cord). F., Anterior Lateral (of spinal cord), a
groove on the ventro-lateral aspect of the spinal cord.
F., Anterior Median (of medulla obi . the

continuation of the ventral fissure of the cord into the
oblongata, where it terminates at the pons in the
foramen cecum. F., Anterior Median (of spinal
cord), a deep longitudinal groove in the median line
of the ventral aspect of the spinal cord. F., Antero-
lateral, a slightly marked depression along the ventro-
lateral column of the spinal cord, separating the latter
into the ventral and lateral columns. F., Antero-
median. See F. , Anterior Median (of spinal cord).
F., Antero-parietal. See F. , Precentral. F., Anti-
tragohelicine, a fissure between the helix and the
antitragus of the external ear. F., Antorbital (of
Owen), a transverse fissure on the orbital surface of
the frontal lobe of the brain near its cephalic margin.
F. of the Anus, a linear ulcer at the muco-cutaneous
junction of the anus, giving rise to intense suffering on
defecation. F., Ape, I. The dorsal extension of an
unusually deep occipital fissure. 2. An independent
fissure on the lateral aspect of the cerebrum, between
the occipital and temporal regions (the exoccipital fis-
sure of Wilder). F., Auricular, an opening situated
between the vaginal and mastoid processes of the
petrous portion of the temporal bone, through which
passes the auricular branch of the pneumogastric
nerve. F. , Basirrhinal (of Owen), a short fissure
near the tip of the temporal lobe of the brain. F.,
Basisylvian (of Wilder), the stem of the Sylvian fis-
sure on the ventral aspect of the cerebrum. F. of
Bichat. See F. , Cerebral, Transverse. F., Branchial,
any one of the visceral clefts. F. of Broca. See F. ,
Limbic. F., Burdach's. See F., Anterior, and
F., Superior. F. of Calamus scriptorius, the ter-
mination of the mesal fissure of the fourth ventricle
at the apex of the calamus. F., Calcarine, a fissure
on the mesal aspect of the cerebrum, extending from
near the occipital end and joining the occipital fissure ;
it is collocated with the calcaf or hippocampus minor.
F., Callosal (of Owen), the space between the dorsal
surface of the callosum and the overhanging cortex.
F., Calloso-marginal, one on the mesal surface
of the cerebral hemisphere, dividing the area between
the callosum and the margin into nearlv equal parts ;
opposite to the splenium it turns in a dorsal direction.
F., Central, a deep and constant fissure extending
from the dorsal margin in a ventro-cephalic direction,
at an angle of about 670 with the meson : it crosses
the lateral aspect of the cerebrum at about the middle
of its length ; the fissure of Rolando. F., Cephalic,
in Schizonemertines, a longitudinal fissure on each side
of the head. F., Cerebral, Great. See F. , Cerebral,

RE

•17 1

FISSl RE

F .. Cerebral, Inferior.
F . Cerebral, Small.
F Cerebral, T:
verse 1 . Cervical,

. produced by
1- . , Chor.
F Circuminsular

the insula.
P. of CK F.,

Collateral

F.,
I inferior, in I hi de-

Intro-
F . Collati ral, Superior, in
i
m man. F.,
Const. i:-.t

i or gri nip.
nine,
r< uminsular, olfai

J, orbital,
tal, supertem
!•' . Coronal tin- lati

ntal portion ol the

F . Cruciate, in nearly all the

i. nl. and forming,

:i the intercerebral

Dentate. - .pa/. F.,

Dorsal, median fissure

F. of the Ductus venosus, a

the du< ins venosus.

• in the adult F. ol Ecker. See /. ,

F.. Ectoccipital .l.an

ir tin: tip of the oi i ipital

P., Ectofrontal «), a

with the anterior

;•'.. Ectorrhinal (of Owen), a

tory eras.

ctosylvian rnivora, the firsl or

P., Ectotentorial

ipital
P., Endomesognathica, an occasional fissure

ithion and

F., Entoccipital . an illy-

F., Entolamb-

doid. F., Entorbital (of

■ . the olfactoi
F Kntorrhinal
I Entotentonal. See F., rial.

F K j- : sylvian ostanl dorsal

F., Ethmoid, the
P., Exoccipital
P., Falcial

the fnmtal lobe,
ctal. Ocular, in ore in

■

1 . Fimbrial, a small and
•
I Frontal . • ntral and

P., Frontal, First.
Frontal, Inferior,
Frontal, Superior, the
F 1 i ntal Vertical. &
i Pronto-marginal, an

P. for the
Gall-bladder. . ,llr

' ' tnoda

of Glaser.
P. of Glaserius. a small n the

■ the
lis el the

malleus, and transmits the laxator tympani muscle
and the anterior tympanic artery. F., Glenoid. See
F., Hippocampal, a constant fissure
ot the cerebrum extending from the splenium to near
the tip oi the temporal lobe; it is collocated with the
hippocamp. F., Horizontal. See F., Calcarine. F.,
Horizontal, Great [of bnun). See/., Calcarine. F.,
Hyposylvian (oj II ildt > i. an inconstant ventral branch
ot the fissure of Sylvius. F., Incisor, a fissure separal
ingthe intermaxillary bone from the superior maxillae.
F , Infero-lateral. See /•"., Calcarine. F., In-
flected, an inconstant indentation of the dorsal margin
>.t the cerebrum, a little cephalad of the central
fissure. F., Infra-orbital. See F., Suborbital,
and /•'. , Spheno-maxillary . F., Insular [of Wilder),
one ol the fissures crossing the insula. F., Intra-
gyral [oj Wilde r) , a small cerebral fissure occasion
ally developed between the larger fissures. F.,
Intra-orbital, in the dog's brain, a fissure between
the olfactorj l>ull> and the supraorbital fissure. F.,
Intraparietal. See /■ ., Parietal. F., Intrapara-
central [of Wilder), a nearly constant depression
in the paracentral gyrus. F., Intercerebral (of
Wilder), the great longitudinal fissure of the brain.
F., Intergyral (of Wilder), & fissure between two
cerebral gyri. F., Interhemispheral. See /'. ,
Longitudinal, Great (of brain). F., Interhemis-
pheric. See F. , Longitudinal, Great (of brain). F.,
Interlamellai, one of the fissures separating the la-
mellseof the cerebellum. F., Interlobar (of Wilder),
the fissures of the brain separating the lobes. F.,
Interlobular, the great longitudinal fissure of the
cerebrum. F., Interlobular, Great. See /•'. of
■ ins. F., Intermedial (of Jensen), an inconstant
fissure near the end of the fissure of Sylvius. F.,
Interpalpebral. See F., Palpebral. F. Interparie-
tal. See F., Parietal. F., Interpeduncular, the
depression between the crura cerebri. F., of Jensen.

F., Intermedial. F., Lambdoid. I (of Owen),
the occipital fissure, q. v. ; 2 (of Wilder), in the
fetus, between the third and seventh months, a sharply
defined transverse depression in the occipital lobe,
collocated with the lambdoid suture. F., Lateral, a
straight fissure between the suprasylvian and the
longitudinal fissures. F., Lateral (of Owen), an
inconstant fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal
lobe. F., Lateral (of spina/ cord). See /•'. ,
Antero-lateral. F., Lateral, Posterior (of spinal
<■<<;;/> See /■'. , Postero-lateral. F., Limbic (of

a), the fissure surrounding Broca's great limbii
lobe [t includes the supercallosal, precuneal , and part
of the collateral fissures. F., Longitudinal (of brain).
Sec / , / ongitudinal, Great (of brain). F., Longitu-
dinal ( of liver), a deep fissure on the under surface of the
liver, separating the right and left lobes. F., Longi-
tudinal, Great (of brain), the deep mesal fissure that
divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres. F.,
Longitudinal, Medilateral. See F., Intercerebral.
F., Longitudinal, Posterior (of spinal cord ), a deep,
narrow groove, extending the whole length of the
spinal cord, in the middle line posteriorly. F.,
Longitudinal, Superior. See F. , Intercerebral. F.,
Marginal | , a fissure on the mesal surface of

the cerebrum, forming the cephalic boundary ol the
paracentral convolutions. F., Maxillary, a fissure on
the internal surface of the superior maxilla for the
maxilla! i r> palate bone. It extends

obliquely downward and forward from the lower por
tion of the orifice of the antrum. F., Medial, a lis
sun parallel with and posterior to the fissure of Ro-
lando. F., Median, Posterior {of spina! rorJ). See
/.. Lon itudinal, Posterior (of spinal cord). F.,Me-

FISSURE

475

I [SS IRE

difrontal (of Owen), an inconstant fissure, subdividing
the medifrontal convolutions. F., Meditemporal
Wilder)^ inconstant and irregular fissures, ventrad of

the superteniporal fissure. F., Meso-exognathic,
an occasional fissure in the superior maxilla between
the exognathion and mesognathion. F., Midfrontal.
See /., Medifrontal. F., Midoccipital. See /•'. -
Orbital. F., Midorbital. See F., Orbital. F.-
needle, a spiral needle for bringing together the lips
of a wound. F. of Nipple, a lunar ulceration radi-
ating from the nipple during lactation. It results from
improper care of the breast. F., Occalcarine
Wilder), the common stem of which the occipital and
calcarine fissures are branches. F., Occipital. I (of
Owen), the mid-occipital fissure, an illy-defined, incon
stant fissure on the dorso-caudal slope of the occipital
lobe; 2 (of FanscA), a deep and constant fissure,
situated between the parietal and occipital lobesof the
brain ; the occipito-parietal. F., Occipital, Anterior
(of Sckwalbe), a fissure between the occipito-temporal
and the inferior temporo sphenoidal lobes of the brain.
F., Occipital, External. See F., A[>e. F., Oc-
cipital, Inferior (of CI >•), a small fissure between
the second and third occipital convolutions. F.,
Occipital, Transverse (of Ecker), a transverse fissure
on the dorsal surface of the occipital lobe of the brain ;
it is part of the paroccipital fissure. F., Oc-
cipito-parietal. See F., Occipital. F., Occipito-
temporal. See F. , Collateral. F., Olfactory, a de-
pression on the ventral aspect of the frontal lobe,
judging the olfactory bulb and cms. F., Orbital, a
fissure on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe exter-
nal to the olfactory fissure. F., Orbital, Anterior.
See F, Spkeno-maxillary. F., Orbital, Posterior.
See F., Sphenoid. F., Orbito-frontal, a partial fis-
sure on the lateral aspect of the brain, separating the
super-frontal and orbital convolutions. F. of Owen.
See Fissures, Antorbital, Basirrhinal, Callosal, Coronal,
Ectoccipital, Ectofrontal, Octorrhinal, Ectosylvian, Ecto-
tentorial, Entoccipital, Entorbital, Falcial, Frontal,
Lambdoid, Marginal, Medifrontal, Occipital, Post-
frontal, Posthippocampal, Postoccipital, Postorbital,
Postseptal, Postsylvian, Rhinal, Septal, Sub falcial,
Subsylvian, Supercallosal, Supersylvian. F., Pal-
pjbral, the space between the eyelids extending
from the outer to the inner canthus. F. of Pansch.
See F. , Occipital. F. of Pansch and Dalton. See
F. , Parietal. F., Paracentral (of Wilder), a. fissure
on themesal surface of the cerebrum, surrounding the
paracentral lobule. F., Parallel. See F, Super-
temporal. F., Parietal. I (of Wilder), the parietal
portion of the intraparietal fissure ; 2 (of Pansch
and Dalton) , a fissure between the parietal lobules,
beginning near the ventral end of the central fissure,
and running to near the tip of the occipital lobe;
it includes the parietal and paroccipital fissures. F.,
Parieto-occipital. See F, Occipital. F., Parieto-
occipital, External, the lateral portion of the occipital
fissure. F., Paroccipital (of Wilder), the occipital
portion of the intraparietal fissure. F., Peri-
toneal, a fissure of the lateral mesoblastic plates
of the embryo, constituting the rudiment of the great
visceral cavity. F., Perpendicular, External. See
F. , Parieto-occipital, External and F, Ape. F., Per-
pendicular, Internal, the portion of the occipital fis-
sure on the mesal surface of the hemisphere. F., Petro-
squamosal, or Petro-squamous, a small fissure be-
tween the petrosa and internal surface of the squamosa.
F., Petro-tympanic, a tissure in the tympanic ring,
lodging the long process of the malleus. F.,
Petroso-angular, a fissure between the apex of the
pyramidal portion of the petrosa and the great wing

of the sphenoid. F., Petro-basilar, a ti-sure be-
tween tl; i and tie- sphenoid and occiput, join-
ing the middle lacerated and jugular foramina.
F. -plane, a term employed to designate tin- entire
length and depth of a fissure of the brain. F.,
Pomatic (of Wilder), in monkeys, a fissure crossing
the cerebrum opposite the dorsal end of the occipital
fissure; it forms the margin of the poma or oc-
cipital open ulum. F., Portal. See /., Transverse
(of liver). F., Postcalcarine (of Wilder), an in<
slant vertical fissure at the occipital end of the cere-
brum. F., Postcentral, a fissure just posterior and
parallel to the central fissure. F., Postero-inter-
mediary, a slight depression in tie- dorsal portion of
the cervi n of the spinal cord. F., Postero-
lateral, a groove on the posterior portion of the
of the spinal cord., corresponding to the line of
emergence of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves.
F., Postero-median (of spinal curd). See /-.,
Median, /'■■ terior (of spinal cord). F., Postfrontal

i ',-.• n i , the frontal fissure. F., Posthippocampal
(of Owen). See / . Calcarine. F., Postoccipital

Owen), an inconstant vertical fissure forming the
anterior boundary of the superior occipital convolu-
tion. F., Postorbital 'en), a portion of the
orbital fissure. F., Postparoccipital (of Wild
an inconstant fissure in the occipital portion of the par-
occipital gyrus. F., Postseptal (of Owen), a
small vertical fissure on the mesal surface of the
posterior portion of the occipital lobe F., Post-
sylvian (of Owen), the superteniporal or parallel
fissure. F., Precentral, a fissure running parallel
with the ventral portion of the central fissure. F.,
Precuneal, a right-angled fissure in the precuneus.
F., Preoccipital, a fissure on the ventral aspect of
the brain, separating the occipital and temporal lobes.
F., Preorbital, the antorbital fissure. F., Preparoc-
cipital (of Wilder), a fissure in the parietal portion
of the paroccipital gyrus. F., Presylvian (of
Wilder), the anterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius.
F., Pterygoid, the space between the lower end;, of
the pterygoid plates of the ethmoid. F., Pterygo-
maxillary, a vertical fissure in the zygomatic fos~a,
opening above into the spheno-maxillary fossa. F.,
Pterygopalatine. -See F. , Pterygoid. F., Purse-
like (of Keil), the vallicula, q. v. F. of Reil. S
F. , Purse-like. F., Reticular. See F. . Postcentral.
F., Rhinal (of Owen), the fissure separating the ol-
factory bulb and crus from the cerebrum proper. F.
of Rolando. See F, Central. ¥., Rostral,
in i 'ngulates, a fissure on the mesal aspect of
the cerebrum. F., Sagittal. See F. , Inter-
cerebral. F. of Santorini, two transverse fissures
in the cartilaginous auditory meatus. F. of
Schwalbe. See /'. , Occipital, Anterior, and P., Su~
percentral. F., Semilunar. See F. , Calcarine. F.,
Septal (of Oven), an inconstant fissure in the cuneus,
posterior to the calcarine. F., Sphenoid, a tri-
angular fissure between the greater and lesser win^s
of the sphenoid bone. It transmits the third,
fourth, sixth, and ophthalmic division of the fifth,
cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic vein. F., Spheno-
maxillary, a fissure between the orbital plate of the
sphenoid and the lateral margin of the superior
maxilla. F., Splenial, a fissure in the brain of the
dog near the splenius. F., Subcentral (of Wilder),
an inconstant fissure at the ventral end of the post-
central fissure. F., Subfalcial i f Owen), a small
fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal lobe. F.,
Subfrontal, a fissure between the middle and inferior
frontal convolutions. F., Suboccipital, an incon-
stant fissure in the occipital convolution of the brain.

[R\:

176

F Suborbital. r maxi1

it. It is Ihe upper

1 Subscptal,

and the

F.,Su '• ■ ian. i ■ •'"

:itiU.
nch ol

1- . Subtemporal, -taut

1-'., Superi n ;hc

iula and

1- , Supercallosal.

iSO mar-

MESAL ASPECT

rculum. 2. Subcentral
urei epbalad

lloso marginal
F., Supercentral
paral' ■ 1< >r-:il portion of the

!• Superfrontal, a I m the

u" the
P., Superoccipital, an

brain. F.,
Superscptal trail el

P., Supersylvian
I
brum. F., Super-
with Id
Suprasylvian.

and

F., Sylvian.
Temporal, I- i I

| oral,

FIST1 LA

/,-,//- F., Temporal, Inferior. See-r7., Subtem-

F., Temporo-occipital. See F., Collateral.
P., Temporosphenoidal, a name applied to both
the supertemporal and subtemporal fissures. F.,
Temporosphenoidal, Superior. See F., Supertem-
F., Tentorial. See F. . < 'ollateral. F., Trans-
verse '■'). the transverse fissure separating
the anterior from the posterioi and middle portions
of the brain. It transmits the folds ol pia that form
the choroid plexus. F., Transverse (of cerebellum).
Horizontal (of cerebellum). F., Transverse
, K a fissui ing transversely the lower sur-
face 0f the right lobe of tin- liver, ft transmits the
portal vein, hepatic artery and nerves, and hepatic duct.
F., Transverse, Great (of brain). See /•'., Trans-
brain). F., Transverse, Inferior, a fissure
veea the cerebellum and the oblongata. It transmits
Id of the pia to the fourth ventricle. F., Trans-
verse, Superior. See/-., Transverse (of brain). F.,
Transinsular (of Wilder), tilt deepest of the fissures
crossing the insula. F., Transtemporal, one of the
instant short fissures on the lateral surface of the
temporal lobe. F., Tnradiate. See F., Orbital. F.,
Umbilical, the anterior portion of the longitudinal
fissure of the liver, separating the left and quadrate
lobes. F., Uncinate. See /•'., Collateral. F.,
Ventral. See F., Median, Anterior (of spinal cord).
F., Wernicke's, an inconstant vertical fissure on the
lateral surface of the cerebrum midway between the
end of the fissure of Sylvius and the caudal end of the
cerebrum; the exoccipital fissure. F. of Wilder.
See Fissure. Id, cipital, Amygdaline, Basisylvian,
Circuminsular, Constant, Episylvian, Exoccipital, In-
tercerebral, Insular. Interlobar, Intergyral, Intragyral,
Intraparacentral, Lambdoid, Meditemporal, Para-
central, Paroccipital, Pomatic, Postcalcarine, P '
paroccipital, Preparoccipital, Presylvian, Subcentral,
Subsylvian, Supercallosal, Transinsular, Zygal. F.,
Zygal (of Wilder), any fissure that presents a pair of
branches at either end of a connecting bar. F., Zygo-
matico-sphenoid, a space between the orbital surface
of the great wing of the sphenoid and the malar
bone.
Fissured ( fisk'-ilrd) [/isst/s ; findere,Xo cleave]. Cleft ;

split.
Fist [NIK, A /. the h-t]. i. The firmly-closed hand. 2.

Same as B ovist a.
Fistula (fis'-tu-lah) [I... a "pipe "]. An abnormal,
tube-like passage in the body. F., Aerial, a small
opening in the neck communicating with the larynx,
following imperfect closure of incised wounds of the
throat. The voice is defective in consequence. F.,
Anal, an abnormal channel of communication between
the bowel and the surface in the neighborhood of the
amis. F.. Biliary, an abnormal channel of com
munication with a biliary duel or the gall Madder.
F., Blind, a variety of anal, urinary, or other abnor
mal tract with buf one opening. F., Blind, External,
an anal fistula with but one opening, and that external.
F., Blind, Internal, an anal fissure with but one opt n
ing, and that internal. F., Blind, Urinary, asuppural
ing track opening into the urethra, but without external

ning. F.. Branchial, an opening that exfc
from the su I the neck to the pharynx ; it is

an unclosed branchial cleft, a relic ol fetal life. F.,
Complete, one having two openings, an internal and
ternal. F., Fecal, an abdominal fistula, communi-
ting with the inti F., Gastric, an opening

into th ch, generally artificial, through the ab-

dominal wall. ft i timi used for feeding a

patient who cannot swallow. F., Horseshoe, a vari
ol fistula in ano, the external opening being on

FISTULAR

477

1 I ASK

one side of the anus and the internal opening on the
other. F. in Ano. See F. , Anal. F., Incomplete,
one with a single opening. F., Mammary, or Milk,
a fistula of the mamma or of its ducts. In F. recto-
labial, recto-urethral, recto-vaginal, and recto-
vesical, the gut communicates by a fistulous track
with thi- labia majora, the urethra, the vagina, or
the bladder, respectively. F., Thiry's, an artificial
intestinal fistula made by dividing the intestine in two
places ; the loop so cut out is still supplied with blood
and nerves from its mesentery ; it is emptied of its con-
tents, and one end is closed by sutures, while the other
is stitched to the abdominal wound, and the intestinal
juice is thus collected. F., True, one that discharges
the secretion of an organ. F., Vella's, is the same as
Thiry's, except that both ends of the loop are left
free and are sutured to the wound in the abdomen.
F., Vesical, a fistula of the urinary bladder.

Fistular, Fistulate (fls/-tu-lar, -/at) [fistula, a tube].
Fistulous ; of the form or nature of a fistula.

Fistulatome (fis/ -tu-lat-om) [fistula, a fistula; re/iveiv,
to cut]. A cutting-instrument used in the operative
treatment of fistula.

Fistulous (fis'-tu-lits) [fistula, a tube]. Of the nature
of or affected with a fistula.

Fit [ME., fit, a struggle]. A popular name applied to
any sudden paroxysm of a disease, but especially to
one of epilepsy. F., Nine-days', Tetanus neonatorum.

Fivefinger (ftv-fing' -er). I. The plant Potentilla
canadensis (see Potentilla). 2. Aiupelopsis quinque-
lia (see American Ivy).

Fixation {fiks-a' -sliun) [fixus, fixed]. A making firm
or rigid. F., Field of, in optics, the region bounded
by the utmost limits of distinct or central vision, and
which the eye has under its direct control through its
excursions, without movements "t the head. F. -for-
ceps, those used for fixing or holding a part in posi-
tion during a surgical operation.

Fixator (fiks-a' -tor) [L.j. A term applied to a muscle
that holds a part immovable, as the diaphragm.

Fixature ( fiks'-at-ur). See Bandolm.

Fixed (fikst) [fixus, firm]. Firm; immovable. F.
Idea, a morbid belief, opinion, or conception, enter-
tained constantly by certain insane patients, and more
or less permanently dominating the entire mind. F
Oils. See O/eafixa.

Fixi dentes (fiks' ' -i den'-tez) [L.]. The teeth of the
second dentition.

Fixing (fiks'-ing) [ fixus, fixed]. The first stage in
the preparation of tissues for histologic or pathologic
examination. The chief fixing agents are — corrosive
sublimate, nitric acid, alcohol, osmic acid, Flemming's
solution, Fol's solution, Midler's solution, picric acid,
picro-sulphuric acid, acetate of copper. See Stains,
Table of.

Fixurae (fiks-u'-re) [fixura, fixure]. In biology, the
fibrils by which lichens and many other thallophytes
attach themselves to their substratum.

Flabby ( flab'-e) [E. dial.]. Lax or flaccid ; deficient
in firmness.

Flabellarium (flab-el-a'-re-um) [flabellum, a fan]. A
vibraculum; a whip-like process ol a polyzoan.

Flabellate { fiab-eF-dt) [flabellum, a fan]. In biology,
fan-shaped ; applied to leaves, antenna', etc.

Flabellation ( flab-el-a' '-shun) [flabellare, to fan]. In
surgery, the act of keeping a wound or fracture cool
by fanning.

Flabelliform (flab-el' -if-orm). Same as Flabellate.

Flabellinerved (flab-el' -in-urvd) [flabellum, fan;
nervus, a nerve]. Tn biology, applied to leaves,
such as those of the Gingko tree, with veins or nerves
radiating from a common point.

Flabellum (flab-el' ww*)[L.,fan]. The set of white fibers
radiating from tin- stria lerminalis of the cerebrum
into the triatum. See also Epipodite.

Flaccid (flak'-sid) [flaccidus, jlaccus, flaccid].
Flabby.

Flaccidezza (flak-che-det'-sah) [Ital. for flaccidity].
>ame as Flat herie.

Flaccidity (flak-sid'-it-e) [ flaccidus, flaccus, flaccid].
Flabbiness ; lack of normal reaction or firmness.

Flacherie, or Flachery { flash' -er-e) [Fr.]. A disease
attacking silk-worms whose digestive apparatu
weakened by disease or heredity. It i- .-aid to be
caused by a bacterium, Micrococcus bombycis.
Micrococcus bombycis and Bacillus .1 of Ilofmann,
under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of.

Flag [ME. , fla One of various endogenous

plants with ensiform leaves. In biology, a flagellum ;
a part ol the reproductive apparatus of certain gaster-
opods illeli ecting from the vas deferens. F.,

Blue. See Iris. F., Sweet. rus.

Flagellate {flaj'-el-dt) [flagellum, a whip]. In biol-
ogy, furnished with slender, whip-liki -es.

Flagellation ( [flaj-el-a' -shun) [flagellare, to whip]. 1.
One of the many means used for the purpose of
masochistic gratification in the sense of subjection to
the woman ; the lustful fi eling arising from a mechan-
ical irritation of the genito-spinal center. 2. Flogging,
formerly used as a local stimulant and counter irritant.
and once employed in the control of the insane
latterly it has been recommended as a check for post
pat turn hemorrhage. See Percussion.

Flagelliform (flaj-el' '-if-orni) [flagellum, a whip;
forma, form.] Having the form of a flagellum or
whip-lash.

Flagellula (flaj-el' -u-lah) [dim. of flagellum, a whip].
A flagellate spore ; a zoospore.

Flagellum (flaj-el' -um) [1.. a whip: //., Flagella].
Any long vibratile cilium. See also Flag. In biology,
applied to the various long, slender, lash-like ap-
pendages of bacteria, zoospores, infusoria, etc., and
to slender runners, and tendrils of higher plants.

Flagg's Drill- stock. See Drill-stock.

Flail {fid!) [ME.. flaile~\. An arm or leg not under mus-
cular control. F. -joint, a condition of preternatural
mobility frequently following resection of a joint.

Flajan's Disease. Svnonym of Exophthalmic Goiter.

Flake \fldk) [ME., flake, a flake]. A small, scale-
like fragment, as of epidermis. F. Manna, the best
and purest commercial manna, so called from its form.

Flambage ( flam-bahzh')\Yx.\ The singeing of wounds
for therapeutic purposes.

Flank (flank) [ME", flank]- The part of the body
between the ribs and the upper border of the ilium.

Flannagan Garbage-cart. See Garbage-cart.

Flannel Rash. See Seborrhea corporis.

Flap [ME.,///, a loose, flexible part]. A loose and
partly detached portion of the skin or other soft tissue.
F. Amputation. See Amputation. F. Extraction.
See Extraction of Cataract. F. Operation. See
Operations. Table of.

Flapless (fiap'-les) [ME., flap,*, loose, flexible part ;
less, a suffix signifying without]. Without flaps. F.
Amputation. See Operations, Table of.

Flash-point. The temperature at which a petroleum oil
gives off vapors which, mixing with air. cause an ex-
plosion or flash of flame, dying out. however, at once.

Flask [<p"K&cncn, a Bask]. A narrow-necked, globular
glass bottle. F., Boiling, a small flask, with a wide
neck, provided on the side with an exit-tube ; it is em-
ployed for determining the boiling-point. F. -clamp,
an instrument in the form of a press, employed in
vulcanite work for closing flasks after packing. F.,

FLAT

FLOATING

Moulding. F. -press,

i vulcanite flask after
P . Vulcanite, in deni

in generally

! 1 ■ v
loin, and is

F.-ear.

i the plantar

is in thai

1 -worm. rm.

ith].
\ - in the

ma
i and intestines.
dent ' baracter-

. flatulence.
in applied to gases in the

anihn iw ; ani/in],

by heat-
It forms col-
v on exposure to the
.

us of.
escent omeyellow].

a m ] A yellow dye-stuff

bark by the action of H.2SO..

ophenin i) j \vu , yellow \phenyl J,

■ring matter. See Chry-

Flavopurpurin ») \flavus, yellow ;

ing-matter occur-
. acicular crystals. See Pig-

Flavus [L.J. Ye!!

Flaw [v. . flake], A disease in which the

•
Flax i he best known and

i . derived

issimum. The linen

white color,

ngth. It is less

. bul is a better conduc-

<■ < otton, a pure cel-

lul F., New Zealand, a fiber obtained from

Inch acquires a

The fiber, as prepared

Mlky luster.

I l< >r coarse tex-

a this fiber i>, however,

1 must therefore
F. -dresser's Phthisis, a form
F.-seed. See Linum.
Flay
Fie.. . and /•,,.

F -bane n, p..

Dlt' F -powder Buhach.

Fleam | \ ,,;.

Flechsig, Method of. A rentiating

ord . It
' which the fibers of
iring thi <>(

1 ract of.
Flee Tifcctant ilution containing

. in

Fleece of Stelli:

bellum.

Fleischl's Law. See /

Fleischmann's Bursa. The sublingual bursa.

Fleitmann's Test. See Tests, Table of .

Flema salada \jla' -mah sal-a'-da) [Sp.]. Synonym

i .1 ! > odj nia.
Fleming's Tincture. An alcoholic preparation of
mite, stronger than the official tincture. Dose, two

minims.

Flemming's Method. A method of preparing tissue
for histologic study. Small bits of tissue are fixed in
o.i to 0.5 per cent, solution of chromic acid, and the
hardening completed with alcohol. F.'s Mixture,
a mixture used in histologic investigations. Its com
position is as follows: < Ine per rent, solution of osmic
acid, IO part-; one per cent, solution of chromic acid,
25 parts; two per cent, solution of acetic acid, 5 parts,
watei 60 parts.

Flesh [ME., flesh, flesh]. The soft tissues of the body,
ually the muscles. F. -brush, a brush for rubbing
the surface of the body. F., Goose. See Cutis a>i-
serina. F. -juice, the juice derived from meat by ex-
pression. F., Proud, a colloquial term for the soft
and inflamed granulations of the edges of a wound.
F. -wound, a slight or superficial wound. F.-worm.
See Thread-worms.

Fleshy ( flesh'-e] [ME., flesh, flesh]. Mainly composed
of muscular tissue.

Fleury's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Flexed-toe (Jlekst'-to). See Hammer-toe.

Flexibilitas {JUks-ib-W -it-as) [L.]. Flexibility. F.
cerea, a condition of the limbs in catalepsy in which they
resist passive movement and seem as if made ofwax.

Flexible {licks' -ib-l) \Jlcxus, bent]. That which may
be bent. F. Catheter, a catheter made of flexible
substance. F. Collodion. See Pyroxylin. F. Pillar.
See Pillar.

Flexile (Jh-x'-il) \Jlexilis, pliable]. Easily bent.

Flexion {JUk'-shun} \_flcxits, bent]. The operation or
process of bending; the condition of being bent; the
opposite of extension. F., Forcible, in surgery, a
mode of treating aneurysm by a forcible bending, as,
for example, of the knee, so as to compress the popliteal
artery, thereby reducing the volume of blood ; also a
means of breaking up articular adhesions by mechanical
bending. F. and Extension, certain passive Swedish
movements used principally for regulating the circula-
tion in certain parts, and for relieving local con
tion. F. -stage of Labor, one of the stages of labor,
consisting in a bending of the fetal head forward toward
the chest.

Flexor ( fleks'-or) \_flexus, bent]. Any muscle that
bend- a limb or part. See Muscles, Tabic of.

Flexuous 1 fleks/-u-us) \_flectere,\.o bend]. In biology,
alternately curved in opposite directions.

Flexura {jleks-uf -rah) [L. , a bending]. A bending
or curve in an organ. In veterinary anatomy, the
so-called knee (in fact the wrist) of the horse.

Flexure { ticks' -ur) \Jlexura, a bending]. A bending.
F., Sigmoid. See Sigmoid Flexure.

Flighty (lli'-tc) [Dan., vlugtig, volatile]. Slightly
delirious.

Flint's Formula. See Alimentation, Rectal. F.'s
Murmur. Sea Signs and Symptoms, Table of. F.'s
Pill, a pill containing half a grain of iron combined
with all the inorganic salts found in the blood in the
normal proportion, except chlorid of sodium, which is
in exce

Floating [Jldf-ing) [.\IE.,/rf,7/, to float]. Free to
move around. F. Kidney, one that i-. misplaced or
movable; wandering. F. Liver, a movable liver. F.
Ribs. See Ribs. F. Spleen, one that is separate
from its attachments, and displaced.

VIA K'Cl

479

FLUID

Flocci {Jlok'-i) [L.]. Plural of Jloeeus, a tuft. F.

volitantes. Same as Mused- volitan
Floccillation {Jlok-sil-a'-shuu) \JtocUlatid\. Same as

Carpholc
Floccitation {Jtok-sit-a' -shun) \_fioccitatio\. Same as

Carphol
Floccose (jlokf-ds) \floccus, a flock of wool]. In bi

ology, composed of or bearing tufts of woolly or long

and soft hairs.
Floccular {flok' -u-lar) \Jloccidus, a little flock of wool].

Pertaining to the flocculus.
Flocculence {Jlok* '-u-lens) \Jloccus, a lock of wool].

In biology, a soft, waxy excretion, resembling wool,

found on certain insects, e.g, the woolly Aphis.
Flocculent (Jlok'-u-lcnt) \Jloccus, a flock of wool].

Flaky, downy, or woolly; coalescing in flock y ma
Flocculus (Jlok'-udus) [dim. oi Jloeeus, a tuft of wool].

1. A bilobular mass attached to the medipeduncle of
the brain at the peduncular sulcus, and wedged, as it
were, between the rounded contiguous angles of the
cephalic and caudal regions of the cerebellum. Along
with it is the paraflocatlus, a single-lobed mass. Their
functions and their representatives in oilier mammals
are little known. 2. In biology, a small bunch of
stiff hairs.

Floccus (jtok'-us) [L. , a flock or tuft of wool://.,
Flocci\. In biology, a small tuft of woolly hairs.

Flood's Ligament. See Ligament.

Flooding (Jlud'-ing) [ME., flood, a flood]. A copious
bleeding from the womb during, after, or just at child-
birth ; any excessive uterine hemorrhage.

Floor (/lor) [ME., floor, floor]. The basal limit of any
hollow organ or open space ; as the Jloor of a ventricle,
of the antrum, of an orbit, or of the pelvis. F. -
space, the distance apart of beds required to afford
proper ventilation in hospitals. It should be not less
than j1^ of the cubic space.

Flora (flo'-ralr ) [Flora, the goddess of flowers]. The
entire plant-life of any geographic area or geologic
period.

Florence Lake. See Pigments, Conspeetus of.

Florentine Lake. Same as Florence Lake.

Flores (flo'-rez) [L.]. Plural of flos, a flower. I. The
flowers or blossoms of any plant used as a medicine.

2. A flocculent or pulverulent form assumed by cer-
tain medicines and chemicals after sublimation ; as
flores sulphuris, flowers of sulphur ; flores benzoes,
flowers of benzoin, or sublimated benzoic acid.

Florescence (jfor-es' '-ens) [forescere, to begin to
bloom]. The opening of flowers ; blossoming.

Floret {flor'-et) [_flos, flower]. In biology, an indi-
vidual flower of a head or cluster of flowers ; it is
also called floscule.

Florid ( florr-id) [floridus, abounding with flowers].
Bright-red in color ; rosy ; as a florid cheek, or
countenance. F. Phthisis. See Galloping Con-
sumption.

Florida ( flor'-id-ah) [floridus, abounding with flowers].
One of the Southern states of the United States.
F. Allspice, the leaves of Calycanthus floridus, a
pleasant aromatic stimulant. Dose of the fld. ext.,
gtt. x-xxx. Unof. F., Fever. See Lever.

Florisugent (flor-is-u'-i, ■•nt) [flos, flower; sugere, to
suck]. Applied to birds and insects that suck the
nectar of flowers.

Flos [L., a "flower"]. A flower. Singular of
Flores, q. v.

Floscule (flos'-kiil) [dim. of flos, a flower]. See
L'loret.

Flour {Jlowr) [old spelling of flower]. A finely-
ground meal ; this may be from either wheat, rye,
barley, oats, maize or Indian corn, and rice, although

wheat-flour is used in far the largest amount. Wheat-
flour contains starch, dextrin, cellulose, sugar, albu-
min, gliadin or gluten, mucin or mucedin, fibrin,
cerealin, fat, mineral matter, and water. The lir-a
four are carbohydrates, or non-nitrogenous substam
and they form nearly three fourths of the entire weight
of the flour. The nitrogenous mattei consists of at
least live principles, three of which, gluten (or glia-
din), mucin (or mucedin), and fibrin, constitute the
bulk of the material known as crude gluten, which i>
the substance left when flour is kneaded with water
and afterwards washed to remove the starch and any
soluble --ul>->tance. The remaining two nitrogenous
principles, albumin and cerealin, are soluble in water,
and are carried away with the starch in the process of
washing. < rude gluten possesses a peculiar adhesive-
ness, arising from the presence of gliadin, which is a
highly tenacious body, and which is not present in
the same form in other cereal flours. The vegetable
albumin is accompanied also by small amounts of
legumin, or vegetable casein, which is also soluble in
water. The cerealin is a soluble nitrogenized ferment
occurring especially in the husk or bran of wheat and
other cereals. It has a powerful fermentative action
on starch, rapidly converting it into dextrin and other
soluble bodies. The difference in the composition of

FlNl^

. White Flour.

Coarse Wheat Bran.

In ioo
parts.

In one pound.

!:;lt;:: h-epa-d.

Water, . . .

13.0

2 ozs.. 35 grs.

14.0 2 ozs , 105 grs.

Fibrin, etc., .

10.5

1 oz., 297 grs

15.0 2 ozs., 175 grs.

Starch, etc., .

74-3

11 ozs., 388 grs

44.0 1 7 ozs., 17 grs.

0.8

0 ozs., 57 grs.

4.0 0 ozs , 280 grs

Cellulose, . .

07

0 ozs., 49 grs.

17.0 2 ozs , 316 grs.

Mineral )
matter, j

07

0 ozs., 49 grs.

60 0 ozs , 422 grs.

the several parts of the wheat-grain is seen in the fore-
going table given by Church. F.-ball, a much-
used food for infants suffering from summer-complaint.
It is made as follows : — Two or three pounds of
wheat-flour, tied in a bag, are boiled continuously
for 12 hours ; the outer shell is then scraped off, and
the inner, yellow portion (mainly dextrin 1 is grated
and used to make a thin gruel.

Flouren's Doctrine. A theory that the whole of the
cerebrum is concerned in every psychic process.

Flow ( fid) [M I"-. , flowen, to flow]. The free discharge
of a liquid, as the blood.

Flower (/or. ->'-er) [ME., Jlowre, flower]. See Flos.

Flower, Angle of. In craniometry, the naso-malar
angle.

Fluctuation ( fluk-tu-a' -shun) [ flucttiare, to float or
roll]. The wave like motion of contained fluid upon
pressure, or by succussion.

Fluid ( flu' '-id \ [ fluere, to flow]. A substance whose
molecules move freely upon one another ; any liquid
constituent, or secretion of the body. See Amniotic,
Condr's, Culture, Labarraqud s, and other fluids. F.
Extract. See Extractum Fluidum. F. -ounce. See
Weights. F.-dram. See Weights. F., Scarpa's, the

FLl H.UAM

18U

1 CENICl II M

p. Vein. ■• ii to the eddies

ty in
the pan.
murmur.

the gram

D

hip the cubic

■

•:-.. ink.]. Any

■

tericum

i A liquid state. 2.
!■'. .ilbus, while flow ; an old
F. muliebris. Synonym

hene , ;i flow], C,«HI0.

.nir~ in the " stubb-fat " ob-

• ■• stubb." It crys-

. melting at

1 - , , '.iilv in hot alcohol, ether,

Fluorenc , a flow], I II,, \ sub-

■ >sing

mbustion tube heated

soluble in hot alcohol, less so

; lates having

at 11 j° < '.. and boils at

D : flow], < .,11

in. An anhydrid of re-
: phthalic anhydrid with
.- .1 yellowish or dark-
it 2900 C. From it

Fluorescein , to flow]. A

, 1 n ;isting in

while light is being passed

i . and several struct-

See also Phos-

■

rcscent Resorcinol. in Blue.

Fluorcscipenous \_fluere, to flow;

to fluorescence.
Fluorescin , to flow], < '.,,11,,' »,.

\ 1 of the reduction ol

•1" itral quality and

n used to study the
■ fluids.
1 •• ] \ basic salt of

Fluorin I 1 ■ . ; quantival-

1 It has not been isolated,

re highl) corro-

ir full str' ngth. See Ele-

Ammonium fluorid aded

", V(lf

Hydrofluoric acid,

Inha ; the

mended in diphtheria

l«orin a n,)W-j \

indulins. They
tzophenin
rhey
itiful tin.

Fluoroform ,„„_

form], CHFj. A gas, the fluorin analogue <>f chloro-

|. >nn.

Flush [origin obscure]. A temp. nary redness, as the
hectic flush ; it is due in man) cases t<> vaso-motor
paresis.

Flushing ( flush'-ing'} [origin obscure]. I. A frequent
symptom in the subjects ol cardiac palpitation, and
especially in Graves' disease. Ii implies a condition
nt vaso-motor irritability with a paresis of the art
rioles in certain areas. Ii is often accompanied by
local perspiration. It is seldom a marked symptom of
inn disease. -. [Tie process ol cleansing b) .t
rapid flow of liquid.

Flute-player's Cramp. See ( 'ramp.

Flux 1 fluks) \ fluxus, flowing], 1. An abnormal How ol
any ol the 1 iccretionsof the body, especially the feces.
Also, a synonym ol Dysentery. 2. In chemistry,
any highly-fusible substance or mixture, as the sub-
borate of soda, employed in the fusion of metals. F.,
Sebaceous. See Seborrhea.

Fluxion [fluk/ -shun) \Jluxus, a flowing], A gath< ring
of blood or other fluid in one part of the body; con
gestion, or hyperemia,

Fluxus [jluks'-us) [I--]- A flow or a flowing. F.
cruentus. Synonym of Dysentery. F. dysenteri-
cus. Svnonym of Dysentery. F. sebaceus. Syn-
onym of Seborrhea. F. splenicus. Synonym of
Melena. F. torminosus. Synonym of Dysentery.

Fly(//7) [ME., //iv, a fly]. A dipterous insect. For
parasitic flies, see Parasites [Animal), Tab of. F.-
agaric. See Agaricus muscarius. F. -blister.
Flying Blister. See Blister. F. -poison. See
Amianthium. F. -sickness. See Barcoo.

Foal ( fol) [ME., fole, a foal]. The young of the equine
genus of quadrupeds, of either sex.

Focal {fo'-ka! \ \ focus, a point; a fire-place], Pertain-
ing to or occupying a focus. F. Disease. SeeDt
F. Hemorrhage, localized hemorrhage, in contradis
tinction to diffuse or disseminated hemorrhage. F.
Meningitis, meningitis involving but a small area of
the membranes. F. Myelitis, localized myelitis, in
contradistinction to diffuse or disseminated myelitis.
F. Sclerosis, the chronic form, sometimes called
Sclerotic Mv< ■litis.

Focil {fo'-sil) [fpcilc,a spindle]. Any bone of the
forearm or leg. F. majus, the ulna. F. majus
cruris, the tibia. F. minus, the radius. F. minus
cruris, the fibula.

Focus [fof-kus) [ focus, a point: p'.. foci\. The prin-
cipal sea) of a disease. The point (called principal
focus) to which converge the rays of light that
pass through a convex lens or are reflected from a
concave mirror. F., Equivalent, in microscopy, when
the real image of an objective of a certain focal length
is of tli i/e as that produced by a simple con

verging lens whose focal distance <• |uals that of the ob-
jective, it is said to have an equivalent focus. F.,
Negative, or Virtual, the imaginary focus of an object
placed within the principal focus. Conjugate Foci,
interdependent loci.

Focusin-' ' . a point]. The mutual

arrangement of an object and the optic parts of a
microscope so that a clear image may be seen. F.
Down, in microscopy, focusing by moving the objective
down or toward the object, but at the risk ol damag-
ing it. F. Up, focusing by moving the objective up
1 .r away from tli

Fodere's Test. See Birth.

Fceniculum [fen-ik' '-u-lum) [L.: ,:/''>?•, Famiculi"].
Fennel. The fruit of /■'. vulgare, with properties clue
to a volatile oil. It is a mild stimulant and aromatic
carminative. F., Aq., 2 parts of the oil in IOOO of

lOKRSTER'S SHIFTING-TYPE

■1-1

FONTANEL

water. Dose 3 ss- x, j . F., Ol., the volatile oil. 1
ttuj-v. Sec also 1'iHii .'.

Foerster's Shifting-type. See Signs and Symptoms.

Forster's Method. .See Cataract, Artificial Matura-
tion of. F.'s Operation. See Operations, Tabl

Foetal {fe/-tal). See Fetal.

Fcetor (fe'-tor). See Fetor.

Foetus {fe'-ti<>). See Fetus.

Fokker's Method. A method of estimating uric acid in
the urine. 200 c.c. of urine are made strongly alka-
line by sodium carbonate, and after an hour 20 c.c. of a
concentrated solution of ammonium chlorid are added.
The mixture is allowed to stand at a low temperatiin
for 48 hour-, when the precipitate thai forms is collected
on a weighed filter and washed. The filter is washed
with dilute IIC1 (1 in 10), and the filtrate collected;
this operation is repeated till all the acid urate on the
filter is dissolved. The filtrates are mixed, allowed to
stand for 6 hours, and the uric acid which then
separates is collected on the same filter, washed twice
with water, then with alcohol, till all acid reaction dis-
appears, dried at no0 C, and weighed. To the
weight obtained add 0.03 gram, and subtract the
weight of the tilter ; the remainder is the weight of uric
acid in 200 c.c. of urine.

Fol's Fixing-fluid. A modification of Fleming's solu-
tion, used, as is the latter, for the fixation of cells
undergoing indirect cell-division. See Stains, Table
of. F.'s Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Fold {fold) [ME.,/0/1/, a fold]. A term applied to
the plication or doubling together of various parts of
the body. F., Aryteno-epiglottidean, a fold of
mucous membrane stretched between the sides of the
epiglottis and the apex of the arytenoid cartilage. F.,
Palpebral, the fold formed by the reflection of the
conjunctiva from the eyelids on to the eye. There
are two folds, the superior and inferior. F., Recto-
vaginal, the fold of the peritoneum in females de-
scending in front of the rectum and behind the vagina.
It corresponds with the recto-vesical fold of males.
F., Vater's, the plica transversalis or transverse fold of
the duodenum, situated just above the opening of the
pancreatic and biliarv ducts.

Folders {fol'-derz) [M Y..,fold, a fold]. English usage
for Pince-nez or "eye-glasses."

Folia (fo'-le-ah) [pi. of folium, leaf]. 1. Leaves; a
term much used in pharmacopeias and dispensatories,
and designating the leaves of such plants as are used
in medicine. 2. The intervening thin plates between
the crevices of greater or less depth [rimulce] upon the
entire surface of the adult cerebellum.

Foliaceous (fo-le-a'-se-us) [ folium, a leaf]. Leaf-like.

Foliation [fo-le-a' '-shun) [foliare, to put forth leaves].
The act of leafing out ; frondescence.

Folie (fo-le') [Fr.]. Insanity. F. a deux {fo-le'-ah
dull'). [Fr.] See Insanity, Communicated. F.
Circulaire (fo-le' ' -ser-ku-lar'). Cyclic insanity. F.
du Doute. See Doubt, Insanity of. F., Alternate.
Cyclic Insanity, <). 7r.

Foliicolous (fo-le-ik'-o-lus) [folium, a leaf; colcre, to
dwell]. In biology, growing upon leaves.

Foliole ( fo'-lc-ol) [folium, a leaf. ] In biology, a leaf-
let or leaflet-like organ.

Foliose (fo'-le-os) [foliosus, leafy]. Abounding in
leaves, leaflets, or leaf-like appendages.

Folium {fo'-le-um) [L., a leaf: pi., Folia"]. I. In
biology, a leaf. At the time of Crcsalpinus it applied
equally to sepals, petals, or ordinary leaves. 2. Any
lamina or leaflet of gray matter, forming a part of the
arbor vitae of the cerebellum.

Folius, Process of. Process of Rati; a process at the
junction of the handle with the neck of the malleus.
31

It passes anteriorly into the Glaserian fissure. It
1- about threi and a-half lines long in tin- new born
infant After birth it unites with the under wall of

1 In- I rlasei i-iii ii-.^ure.

Follette ( fol-et') [Fr.]. Synonym of Influenza.

Follicle ( fol'-ik-l) [folliculus, dim. oifollis, bellow-].
1. In anatomy, a ver) small secretorj cavity or sac, as
one of the follicles of Lieberkiihn. 2. In biology, a
simple pod, splitting only by the ventral suture. F.,
Graafian, one "I the small vesicular bodies in tin-
cortical layer of the ovary, consisting of Battened
granular cells with oval nuclei and membrana pro]
each about 1:}iiit inch in diameter. F., Sebaceous,
one ot the sacs lying within the skin that secrete the
oily fluid with which the skin is softened.

Follicular {fol-ik'-u-lar) [folliculus, a little follicle].
Relating or appertaining to a follicle.

Folliculitis {fol-ik-u-li'-tis) [folliculus, a follicle ; - .
inflammation]. Inflammation of a group of follicles, as
of the hair. F. barbae. See Sycosis. F. decalvans,
Quinquaud's Lisease : a chronic folliculitis of the hairy
parts, especially of the scalp, which had- to a cicatri-
cial alopecia. The patches are about the size of a
shilling, irregular in outline, and almost smooth and
polished, hut with some granular points at the periph-
ery, and red points on the white, atrophied, cicatri-
cially-depressed surface. F. exulcerans. See
ll\ 'drosaden it is pli legm on osa .

Folliculium {fol-ik-u'-le-um). The liquor folliculi.
See Liquor.

Folliculose ( fol-ik'-u-los) [fo/lis, a bellows]. lull of
follicles. Having the appearance of follicles.

Fomentation {fo-men-ta'-shun)[fo»ientare, to foment].
The application of cloths soaked in hot medicinal
solutions, to reduce inflammation or to allay pain.
Also, the application of hot dry cloths. Also, the
medicament, or other material, so applied.

Fomes [fo'-mlz) [I., for "tinder": //., Fomites~\.
Any substance (as a garment, carpet, letter) capable
of acting as the medium for the transmission of an in-
fectious disease.

Fonifero I fo-nif'-er-d). See Phonophore.

Fons pulsatilis (fons pul-sat'-il-is) [L. ]. See Fontanel.

Fontaine's Chamber. See Anesthetic.

Fontana, Canals of. See Canal. F.'s Markings, < r
Striae of. Delicate microscopic transverse folds of
nerve-fibers, to which is due the fact of the non
retraction of the fibers when divided. F.'s, Spaces,
those between the processes of the ligamentum pecti-
natum iridis. See Canal.

Fontanel, or Fontanelle | fon-ian-el') [dim. of l ntana,
a spring, from the appearance and feeling]. A

Fontanels of Fetal Skull.

membranous space of the infant's skull, from delayed
""Itication of the cranial bones. F., Anterior, that
at the point of union of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal
sutures. See also Bregma. F., Posterior, that at

.

FOOT

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well as to the well-
alcohol, etc.
Foods, Isodynamic.

F . Plastic, proteids. F., Res-
piratory. 1 he nomencla-

11s theory. )
P Classification of ng to Yeo) : —

substances having

hemic composition

umin, fibrin, svnto-

. from the animal:
■ -I. mi.

• es referred to

itin
1 ' hondrin.

ining carbon,

I the hydrogen into
..rin.

Klrin
F.. Complete. ,11 tjle alimentary

substances required for the support and maintenance
of animal life. The onl) complete food afforded by
the animal kingdom is eggs. F.-cure, dietetic treat
11 hi it of disease. F. -stuffs or F. -substances, the
materials, from both the anim.il and vegetable king-
doms, that ma) be employed for the purpose of sup-
plying nourishment to the body, and providing the
elements for the formation of tissue. F.-

vacuole, a temporarj space often noticed in protozoa,
itaining nutritive matter. F.-yolk, all that portion
nl the yolk that does nol undergo segmentation, but
serves to nourish the embryo; nutritive protoplasm;
deutoplasm.

Fool's Parsley.

Foot [ME., foot"]. 1. The terminal extremity of the
leg; one ol the organs of locomotion. In bimana
and quadrumana it con-
sists of the tarsus, meta-
tarsus, and phalanges, or
toes. -. I Ik- base of a
microscope. 3. A meas
ure of length <.■< jual to
twelve inches or 30.479
cm. F. -clonus. See
Clonus and Ankle-i /onus.
F.-bath, a pediluvium.
F.-drop, a falling of the
foot due to a paralysis of
the flexors of the ankle.
It is seen in neuritis. See
Dropped Foot. F., Fun-
gus. M ad u ra Foot;
Mycetoma ; Ulcus grave.
An endemic disease of
India affecting the foot,
which increases in size,
this increase being at-
tended with the develop-
ment of mammillated
pustules, in each of which
is a deep-seated sinus.
The sinuses are lined by
a distinct membrane, and
contain characteristic
" fish-roe bodies'' of a
w h i te , yellowish, red-
dish, or blackish color.
These bodies are com-
posed mainly of tatty and
ous matters, the re-
snh> of decomposition,
encrusted with salts and
bl ood- pigment. The
bones are slowly ab-
sorbed, and gangrene or
exhaustion may carry off
the patient. I he disease
is most common in adult
male-. ,\ fungus, ( 'hi
phacarteri, appears to be
the active cause of the
F.-halt. adis-
of sheep, said to be

Foot, Plantar Aspect.

Inferior surface of ealca-
neum. 2. Inner tuberosity.
3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angu-
lar depression between these
tuberosities. 5. Interior p.>i-
tion of head of astragalus.
6. Plantar surface of cuboid,
I' ir attachment of inferior cal-
i-cuboid ligament. 7.
Tuberosity of cuboid. B
phoid. 9. Tuberosity ol si a-
phoid. 10. Inferior portion
of internal cuneiform. 11.
Apex of middle cuneiform.
12. Apex t<( internal cunei-
form 13, 1.1, 15. 16, 17 First,
■ 1 "ni, third, fourth and fifth

bones 18. iuber-
osity ol filth metatarsal bone.
19 Two sesamoid bones. 20.
phalanx ol rreal

21. Last phalanx ol great

22, 22. p o si pha
remaining toes. 23, 2 -.. Si 1 -
ond and third phalaugi
these 1

caused by worms in the
foot. F. -mange, a para
sitic disease of the heels and lower parts of the legs,
iallythehind f a horse, giving rise to great

itching and irritation. It isduetoan acarus, Symbiotis
F.-and-mouth Disease, a rare affection that
occurs in sheep, cow,, pigs, and horses, and is
sionally transmitted to man. It manifests itsell by the
appearance of vesii les and bullae in the mouth and on

FOOT

1-:;

FORAW

the feet at the margins of the hoofs, and in cow-,, on the

udder and teats. In man, v< form in the mouth, on

the hands and feet. In two or three days, these rupture,

discharging an opaque, yellowish fluid, and leaving

dark-red ulcers. I here arc alsi i f< \ er, am >i

eating, swelling of tin- tongue, fetid bi livation,

and derangement ol dig* stion, Si

and Streptocytus ./'/•.'■ zema epi - wti a, x< hottelius, un

Bacteria, Synonytnatic 7 F. -phenomenon.

See Ankle-clonus. F. -pound, 'he work required to

overcome a force equal to raising the weight of a

pound through the t. F.-

poundal, tl undal acting through

one foot. F.-rot, a <li

to pasturing in wet ground.

to lie tuben uloi

nature.
Footling {foof-ling) [Ml . ]. With thi

feet foi t ; as a footling pn mentation in i

Foramen ( fo-ra'-meri) [ to pii rce]. A pa

or opening, especially one in a bone. A Tabi
annua is appended.

TABLE OF FORAMINA.

Name.

Location.

Transmits.

Accessory transverse.

Anomalous foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical

vertebra-.

An anomalous and accessory verte-
bral artery.

Acoustic.

The same as the internal auditory meatus.

The auditory and facial nerves.

Alveolar, anterior.

See Dental, inferior.

Alveolar, inferior.

See Dental, inferior.

Alveolar, posterior.

In the superior maxilla.

Superior posterior dental vessels and
nei ves

Amplum pelveos.

See Obturator.

Anonymous of Ferrein.

See Hiatus Fallopii.

Anteorbital.

In mammals, an orifice in the cheek-bone in front of the orbit,
corresponding to the infraorbital foramen of man.

Superior maxillary division of the tri-
facial nerve; occasionally the mas-
seter muscle.

Antorbital.

See Anteorbital.

Aortic-

An opening in the diaphragm.

The aorta.

Arachnoid.

See Foramen of Magendie.

Atlantal.

In many animals, a hole through the ventral border of the atlas ;
only exceptionally present in man.

Suboccipital nerve ; vertebral artery.

Atrio-ventricular, com-
mon.

In some animals, an auriculo-ventricular opening common to
both auricles and ventricles.

Blood.

Auditory, external.

The external meatus of the auditory canal.

Sound-waves to tympanic membrane.

Auditory, internal.

See Acoustic.

Auricular.

The mouth of the external auditory meatus.

Sound-waves to tympanic membrane.

Bartholin's.

See Obturator.

Bichat's.

A supposed communication between the subarachnoid space
and the cavity of the third ventricle of the brain.

Of Botal or Botallo.

In the fetus, the opening between the two auricles of the heart,
situated at the lower posterior portion of the septum auricu-
larum.

Blood.

Carotic.

The inferior aperture of the carotid canal.

Carotid vessels.

Carotico-clinoid.

Sphenoid bone; an occasional foramen, formed by the union of
the apices of the anterior and middle clinoid processes.

Carotico-tympanic.

See Canal, Caroticotympanic.

Carotid, external.

The external aperture of the carotid canal.

rnal carotid artery and carotid
plexus.

Carotid, internal.

The internal aperture of the carotid canal

Internal carotid artery and carotid
plexus.

Cavernous.

Sphenoid bone ; a small passage.

The median vertebral vein.

Cecal, anterior.

Also called prepontile fossa ; the depression at the cephalic
margin of the pons.

Cecal (of frontal

bone).

Formed bv the frontal bone and the crista galli of the ethmoid ;
a small foramen.

A vein, occasionally.

Cecal (of medulla ob-
longata).

See Cecal, anterior.

VMINA FORAMINA

lAI'.il ''1 FORAMINA.— Continued.

Transmits.

1

a depression in

l'he ventral median fissure terminates
in this.

■

•

of tongue.

■

A number of small glands open into it.

■Ul).

ical vertebrae.

The vertebral artery and vein.

1 tin- base of the modiolus.

■

uarial r«

1

■

the occipital bone, opening externally

Veins.

■ he anterior condyloid foramen.

A vein, occasionally.

i to the outer side of each occipital condyle,
i, outward, and forward through the basilar

The hypoglossal nerve; occasionally a
meningeal branch of the ascending
pharyngeal artery.

1 he fossa behind the occipital condyles.

A vein to the lateral sinus.

•ne animals, an orifice formed by the articulation of the
with the scapula.

In reptiles, the obturator foramen.

The spat' the transverse process of a vertebra and
the neck of its corresponding rib.

Branches of intercostal arteries and
nerves.

h in the acetabulum converted into a canal by a ligament.

Vessels and nerves.

- in the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid bone.

Filaments of the olfactory nerves.

uite-

An aperture in the upper part of the tibio-fibular interosseous

The anterior tibial vessels.

i

rture of the inferior dental canal, in the

r;»; ilia.

Inferior dental vessels and nerves.

I ■

hrough the diaphragm.

The esophagus, aorta, vagus ni I
inferior vena cava, and other strut -
tures.

Sec A ■

^mal! ' Hi. cranial bones. leading

Veins.

1

■

The emissary veins.

ndj le of the humerus ; si
n man by a gtt

FORAMINA l-:» FORAMINA

TAB] 1 "I FORAMINA —Continued.

Namk.

Transmits.

Esophageal.

The diaphragm.

The esophagus.

Ethmoid, anterior.

A i anal formed between the ethmoid and frontal bones.

The nasal branch of the ophthalmic
nerve; anterior ethmoid vessels.

Ethmoid, posterior.

See Canal, Ethmoid, posterior.

Posterior ethmoid artery and vein.

Frontal.

The supra-orbital notch of the frontal bom when it i-> con-
verted into a canal by an overlying proi ess ol bone.

Supraorbital vessels and nerves.

Fronto-ethmoid.

The foramen cecum in the suture between the frontal and eth-
moid bones.

Glandulosum Mor-
gagni.

See Foramen cecum (of tongue).

Of Huschke.

A perforation often found near the inner extremity of the tym-
panic plate ; it is due to an arrest of development.

Connects the glenoid fossa of the tem-
poral bone with the external auditory

Illf.ltUS.

Incisive.

See Incisor

Incisor.

Aperture of the incisor canal in the alveolar margin.

Nerves and vessels to the incisor
teeth.

Infra-maxillary.

The inferior dental canal, q. v., under Canal.

Infra-orbital.

In the superior maxilla, the external aperture of the infra-
orbital canal.

The infraorbital nerve and artery.

Infra-pubic.

See Obturator.

Innominate.

Temporal bone.

The Vidian nerve.

Intercarpal.

The carpus of batrachians.

Interclinoid.

A canal formed by an anomalous process, connecting the
middle and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid.

Intermaxillary.

See Incisor.

Interorbital.

In birds, a space in the bony plate separating the orbits.

Intervertebral, ante-
rior.

The aperture formed by the notches opposite to each other in
the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.

The spinal nerves and vessels.

Intervertebral, poste-
rior.

The space between the articular processes of adjacent verte-
brae, except the first cervical.

Ischiadic, major.

See Sacro-scialic, great.

Ischiadic, middle

An open space left between an anomalous and the normal sacro-
spinal ligament.

Ischiadic, minor or
small.

See Sacro-sciatic, smatt.

Ischio-pubic.

See Obturator.

Jugular.

See Lacerated, posterior.

Jugular, spurious.

An anomalous opening in the squamous portion of the temporal
bone.

A vessel that connects the external jug-
ular vein with an intracranial vessel.

Lacerated, anterior.

See Sphenoid fissure.

Lacerated, inferior.

See Spheno-maxillary fissure.
See Lacerated, posterior.

Lacerated, jugular.

Lacerated, middle.

An irregular aperture between the apex of the petrous por-
tion of the temporal bone and the body and great wing of
the sphenoid, and the basilar process of the occipital bone.

The carotid artery and the large
superficial petrosal nerve.

Lacerated, orbital.

The Sphenoid Fissure, q. v.

Lacerated, posterior.

The space formed by the jugular notches of the occipital and
temporal bones, divided into two portions.

The posterior portion, the internal
jugular vein ; the anterior portion,
the 9th, ioth, and nth cranial nerves,
and the inferior petrosal sinus.

Lacerated, superior.

See Sphenoid fissure.

Of Magendie.

An orifice in the membranous roof of the fourth ventricle.

Magnum.

See Magnum occipitale.

FORAMINA 186 FORAMINA

1 A 1 ; I 1 I '1 1 ■' IRAMINA. — Continti

4B.

Transmi is.

'.:

trail) placed in the lower and

air.

The spinal cord ami its membranes;
the spinal accessory nerves; the ver-
tebral .ii t« i ■•

M

The m

Nerves and \ •

..-/.

•id.

ill foramen behind the mastoid process.

A small artery from the dura; a vein
opening into the lateral sinus.

nor.

rior.

.;/.

iry, inferior.

i ior.

M

Denial, inferior.

superior.

See Canal, Denial, ;

•

See Lacerated, middle.

Use spinalis.

See Vertebral.

.XXX.

- ■ ■ - ■ — ■ ■

Vutrient.

per-
il I.

See ' 'ertebral.

Of Meibomius.

See Cecum (of the tongue).

-;eal.

An anomalous opening in the squamous portion of the temporal
bone.

A branch of the middle meningeal
artery.

tal.

A foramen in the inferior maxilla, external to the incisive fossa,
midway 1 the upper and lower borders of the bone,
and in the interval between the two bicuspid teeth.

Mental nerve and vessels.

Of Monro.

An opening behind the anterior pillars of the fornix through
which the lateral ventricle of the brain communicates with
the third ventricle.

The choroid plexus.

•, anterior of.

See Foramen of Monro.

The primitive foramen that connects the third with the lateral
ventricle of the brain.

;agni's.

See ( tongue).

Small canals that perforate the nasal bones.

Vessels and nerves.

Nun

nnecting the medullary cavity of the bone with
its external surfai

The nutrient vessels.

Nutrient (offer

The aperture near the upper part of the linea aspera of the

nir.

Nutrient artery.

Nutrient

below the middle of the humerus.

The nutrient artery.

Nutri

The aperture on the anterior surface of the radius.

The nutrient artery.

Nutrient fof uh

The aperture on the anterior surface of the ulna.

The nutrient arterv.

Obturator.

The ii the ischium and the pubis,
internal and inferior to the acetabulum ; it is partly closed in
fibrous m

( Ibturator vessels and nen •

lital.

ccipital.
tale.
pupil.

imina in the crihr; the ethmi

■

pitale, magnum.

Rays of 1

■ i -

communication ;ties of tl r and

FORAMINA 1-7 FORAMINA

I Al:l E 01 1 ORAMINA.— Contim

Name.

LOCATH

Transmits.

( Omental, lcssii oi

small.

Foramen of II 'insl<

Oiides.

See Obturatoi .

Optii .

I hi i anal al tb< apex ■ ■! the orbit, the ant< mination of
the optie groove, jusi beneath the lesser wing of the sph( u ■ . i > ':
bone.

Optic nerve; ophthalmic artery.

Optic (of the choroid).

The choroid.

The optic nerve-fibers pass through
this to their expansion in t!
tina.

Optic (of the- set* > a)

The sclerotic coat of thf

The optic nerve.

Orbital, anterior inter- See Ethmoid, anterior.
nal.

Orbital, internal.

Orbital, superior.

Ossis pubis.

Oval (of the heart).

Oval (of the hip).

Oval (of innominate
bone).

See Canal, Ethmoid, ant, i

See Supraorbital.

See Obturator.

See Foramen </ Botal.

See Obturator.

See Obturator.

Oval (of the sphenoid). An ovoid aperture near the posterior margin of the great
wing of the sphenoid.

Pacchionian.

The depressions on the inner surface of the skull.

Palatine, anterior.

See Canal, Incisor.

Palatine, great poste-
rior.

Palato-maxillary.

Of Panizza.

Papillaria.

Parietal.

Pelvic, large.

Pneumatic.

The Posterior palatine canal, q. v.

The inferior maxillary division of the
trigeminal nerve; the small menin-
geal artery ; occasionally, the small
petrosal nerve.

For the Pacchionian bodies.

See Canal, Palato-maxillary .

The communication between the right and left aortic arches of
reptiles.

The opening of the uriniferous tubules at the apices of the pyra-
mids of Malpighi.

Near the posterior superior angle of the parietal bone ; incon-
stant.

Blood.

trine.

See Obturator.

Posterior.

Postglenal.

Postglenoid.

Postpalatine.

Pre-acetabular.

In birds, a large aperture near one end of the long pneumatic
bones communicating with the interior.

See Lacerated, posterior.

See Postglenoid.

In comparative anatomy, an opening immediately posterior to
lli loot of the zygoma.

The Posterior palatine canal, q. v.

In tin- Cheiroptera, an opening formed by a process extending
from the ilio-pectineal eminence to the anterior extremity of
the ilium

Pro sinu petroso infe- An anomalous roundish opening formed by adjacent portions
riore. of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the occipital

bom

Profundum.

See Her ad infundibulum.

Pterygo-palatine.

Quadrate.

The external aperture of the pterygo-palatine canal.

An emissary vein of the superior
longitudinal sinus; occasionally a
small branch of the occipital artery.

Permits the entrance of air.

The infei -al sinus.

Repugnatoria.

-ro-palatine vessels : pharyngeal

1RT

The diaphragm.

The inferior vena cava.

In Cheilognatha, apertures of cutaneous glands on each side
of the bark, in rows.

Secrete a defensive corrosive fluid.

FORAMIN \ l— Fl IRAMINA

l.\l;ll 01 FORAMINA.— Continued,

N IME.

1 ITION.

Transmits.

Retina

3

Of Rivini.

Aii opening in the tympanum, the existence of which is dis-
pute

Rotundum.

Round

ii opening in the great wing of the sphenoid bono.

The superior division of the fifth
nerve.

On .interior sui tacrum, connecting with sacral canal.

The anterior branches of sacral nerves.

on r:: .

The posterior surface of the sacrum, external to the articular
pr<

val space between the lesser sacro-sciatic ligament and
the innominate bone.

Post rior branches of sacral nerves.

1 reat.

The pyriformis muscle, the gluteal,
sciatic, and pudic vessels and n<

tic, small.

The space included between the greater and lesser sacro- Internal obturator muscle; the inter-
sciatic ligaments and the portion of the innominate bone nal pudic vessels and nerves.
between the spine ami tuberosity ot the ischium.

Saphei

See Saph* i '.'"A'-

The supra-scapular notch, when it is converted into a foramen
by a ligamentous or bony structure.

.!ar.

Suprascapular nerve and artery.

Bony canals opening into the incisor canal. The naso-palatine nerves.

Sclerotic, anterior.

The opening in the sclerotic which is filled in by the cornea.

Sclerotic, posterior.

See Optic (of the sclera).

Of Soemmering.

See Fovea centralis, and Central (of the retina).

Spheno-frontal.

In the cartilaginous basis of the skull, between the labyrinths
of the ethmoid and the alse parvae of the sphenoid and the
anterior sphenoid.

Sphenoidal, anterior.

A rare anomalous opening in the pterygoid process of the
sphenoid bone.

The internal maxillary artery.

Branches from Meckel's ganglion ; the
nasal branch of the internal maxil-
lary artery.

Spheno-palatine.

The space between the sphenoid and orbital processes of the
palate and sphenoid spongy bone; it opens into the nasal
cavity.

S|>heno-spinosum.

See Spinosum.

Spinal.

ertebral.

Spinosum.

The great wing of the sphenoid bone, near its posterior angle. The middle meningeal artery.

Spondli.

See Spheno-frontal.

Of Stensen.

See Canal, Incisor.

Sternal.

Near the inferior termination of the sternum ; inconstant. Vessel.

Stylo-mastoid.

Between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal
bone, constituting the external aperture of the aqueduct of
Fallopius.

Facial nerve ; stylo-mastoid artery.

rbital.

Subsacral.

Th

the anterior end of the infraorbital canal.

Infraorbital artery and nerve.

Supersacral.

Supra ■

icral, anterior.
See Sacral, posterior.

^trochlear.

Supra-orbital.

A notch in the superior orbital margin at the junction of the
middle with the inner third, sometimes converted into a
foramen by a bony process or a ligamentous band. It is the
e in the upper wall of the orbit.

Supra-orbital artery, veins, and
nerve.

Supratrochlear.

Of Tarintis.

The thin plate of bone between the olecranon and the coronoid
the humerus ; inconstant.

illopii, q. v.

Of Thebcsius.

Thyreoid.

Small depressions on the inner surface of the heart, especially
in the right auricle.

Thyroid.

Some of these are cul-de-sacs ; others
are the mouths of the venae minima:
cordis.

FORAMINA i-:. FOR< EPS

TAB! I I 'I- FORAMINA— Continu

Name.

Location.

Transmits.

Thyroid.

i. A foramen in the ala of the thyroid cartilage, more <>r less
completely covered bj perichondrium. turator.

Trachelian.

1 'ertebrartei nil.

Transverse.

See Vertebrarterial.

Venae cavae.

See Quadrat,-.

Venae saphenae.

aphenous Opening.

Venosum.

See Quadrate.

Vertebral.

The space in< luded between the body and arch of a vertebra

■ land its appendages.

Vertebrarterial.

Tin- foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical
vertebrae.

Vertebral artery and vein.

Vesalius.

A minute inconstant aperture at the root of the pterygoid
process of the sphenoid bone.

A small vein.

Vicq d'Azyr's.

See Fur amen cecum, anterior and posterior.

Vidian.

See Canal, I 'idian.

Of the vomer.

The posterior aperture of the canal of the vomer.

OfWinslow.

An aperture situated between the liver and stomach, bounded
in front by the portal vein, hepatic artery and duct, behind,
by the inferior vena cava, below, by the hepatic artery and
above, by the liver. It is formed by folds of the peritoneum,
and establishes communication between the greater and lesser
cavities of the peritoneum.

Zygomatic, anterior.

See Zy gomatico-facial.

Zygomatic, external.

See Zygomaticofacial.

Zygomatic, internal.

See Zygomatico-temporal.

Zygomatic, posterior.

See Zygomatico-temporal.

Zygomatic, superior.

See Zygomatico-temporal.

Zygomatic, temporal.

See Zygomatico-temporal.

Zygomaticofacial.

The aperture of the malar canal on the facial surface of the
malar bone.

Malar division of temporo-malar
branch of superior maxillary nerve.

Zygomatico-temporal.

The external aperture of the malar canal, on the temporal Malar division of temporo-m al ar
surface of the malar bone. branch of superior maxillary nerve.

Foraminated ( fo-ram' '-in-a-ted ') [foramen, an open-
ing]. Containing foramina.

Foraminiferous (fo-ram-in-if'-er-us). Same as For-
aminated.

Forbes, Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Table of. F., Operation of. See Operations, Table of.

Force ( fors) [fortis, strong]. That which produces or
arrests motion. The rate of transformation of energy
in time. Whatever may be converted into motion
(Robert Mayer).

Forced (forst) [for//s, strong]. Accomplished by
an unusual exertion of force. F. Feeding. SeeSur-
alimentation and Feeding.

Forceps (for'-seps) [forceps, a pair of tongs]. An
instrument with two blades and handles for purposes
of seizing, traction, etc., in surgical, obstetric, and
other operations. F., Angular, one bent for introduc
tion into a canal. F., Arterial, one specially adapted
for seizing an artery ; many varieties are named after
inventors. F., Bone, one exceptionally strong, for
use in operations upon bones. F.. Bull-dog, a
forceps with sharp teeth (as for holding an arte
F., Bullet, one of peculiar construction, to extract
bullets. F., Cannula, long, slender forceps enclosed

in a tube, that opens by protruding the blades. F.,
Catch, a forceps with a catch on the handle. F.,
Craniotomy, the halves are crossed and adapted to
embryotomy. F., Dental, adapted for extraction of
teeth. This was probably among the first, and, per-
haps, almost the only instrument employed for the
extraction of teeth, until the invention of (larengeot,
in the earlv part of the eighteenth century. But from
the time of Celsus, down to this period, the for
used for the extraction of teeth were so rude in
their construction and so illy adapted for the purpose,
that for the removal of the molar teeth the employ-
ment of the key-instrument became general, both
among dentists and physicians. At the present
time, however, forceps have been so greatly im-
proved that the key is but little used. F., Duck-
bill. See Duckbill. F., Ectropion, adapted foi
seizing the lid in operations for ectropion. F., Gouge,
cutting forceps for operations upon bone. F., Hem-
ostatic, a forceps for controlling hemorrhage. F.,
Iridectomy, a delicate forceps for seizing the iris.
F., Midwifery, or Obstetric, a forceps for grasping
the fetal head in difficult labor and by traction aiding
its exit; there is a great number of varieties. F.,

F( C I B LI

190

FORNICA I i:

Rat-toothed, a tim in the removal

Simpson's Obstetric Forceps.
With Poulk-t Tape-attachment for Axis-traction.

ir other foreign bodies, from wounds. F.,
Spring, same .1- /■ . . ditch.
Forcible 1 forr-sib-l\ [/ ing]. With force or

F. Extension. ion.

Forcipate, Forcipated ( for'-sip-at, -a-ted) [for

forceps]. In biology, forceps like.
Forcipressurc '-ur) [/ > pair of

tor . a pressing]. 1 t of a minor

bing tin- end of the divided v •
with a pair . the pressure being kept

up : urs.

Fore '■': i re]. Applii d to the part

F.-arm, that part of the arm
n the wrist and the elbow. F. -brain, the ai
rior of the encephalic vesicles into which the primary
mi ivides at an early stage ; at

alal ilon. F. -finger, the index

finger. F.-foot, ti fore-limb. F. -front,

1. F.-gut, the cavity in the raised ceph-
ali. idgut. 'I he

rudimentary pharynx and duodenum, with the inter-
future alimentary 1 anal, are
uded iii F.-head, that pari of the

hair ab
F.-limb, the pectoral
limb of an animal. F.-milk. 1 trum,

the mill
• at any one milking. It than

F.-skin.

the

F. -waters

Foreign [Ml . form, foreign]. Alien; ex-

otic; not native; irrelevant. F. Body, a substance
in a wound, organ, or cavity not normally present.

Forensic (for-en'-sik) [forensis, belonging to the
forum]. Pertaining to a court of law. In medicine,
that part of the science connected with judicial in-
quiry. Also, mi dual jurisprudence.

Forest's Method. See Artificial Respiration.

Forficate k-Ot) [/or/ \. scissors]. In biology,

deepl\ forked,

Fork [ME., fork, a fork]. A name frequently given
to the space between the thighs.

Form [ forma, shape]. The external shape <>r config-
uration of the body, or of a part of a body.

Formaldehyd i form-aP -de-hld) [formica, an ant ;
aldehyd]. Formic aldehyd See Aldekyd, Formic.

Formalin [for/-mal-in) [formica, an ant], HCOH.
A proprietary germicide composed of a 40 per cent,
solution of formaldehyd. Unof.

Formanilid ( form-an' '-il-id ) [formica, an ant ; anilin\,
CjH.NO. A substance obtained on digesting anihn
with' formic acid, or by rapidly heating anilin with
oxalic acid. It consists ,1 colorless prisms, readily
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, melting at 460 C

Formatio ( for-ma' -she-d) [L.]. A formation. F.
reticularis, the intercrossing of the fibers of the ante-
rior columns in the medulla.

Formative [form* -at-iv) [formare, to form]. Plastic:
molding. F. Cell, a large spheric, refractive cell be-
neath the hypoblast,

Formic Acid ( for'-mik). See Acid.

Formicant ( for'-mik-ant) [formicare, to crawl like an
ant]. Creeping, or 1110. ing with a small and feeble ac-
tion ; applied to the pulse when it is unequal and scarcely
perceptible.

Formication ifor-mik-a' 'shun) [formica, an ant]. A
sensation like that produced by ants or other insects
crawling upon the skin. F., Cocain. See Cocain-
i>ii^r.

Formol ( for'-mol) [ formica, an ant], < 1 1 ,< '. A name
given to formic aldehyd or formaldehyd. It is a
powerful antiseptic, ranking as one of the best, but
its microbicidal power in a given time is very feeble.

Formula (form'-u-lah) [dim. of forma, a form : />/.,
Formula], A prescribed method. In pharmacy, a
list of the names and respective quantities of substances
entering into a composition. In chemistry, a method
of representing the gravimetric structure of a compound
by symbols. F., Constitutional, or Rational, one
that indicates only the union of individual atoms,
such as are especially characteristic of the compound.
F., Empiric. See /■'. , Unitary. F., Graphic.
Same as /■'. . Constitutional. F., Rational. Same as
/•., Constitutional. F., Structural, one that indicates
the complete grouping of all of the atom-, re| resenting
the whole chemic deportmenl of a given compound,
F., Unitary, or Empiric, one thai belongs to an entire
series of bodies thai are isomerii . yet wholly different,
and that affords no hint as to the 1 haractei of the com-
pound.
Formulary ( for' -mu-la-re) [formula; dim. ai forma,
form]. F., National, a collection of widely used
! well-known preparations, omitted from the U. S.
Pharmacopeia, bul collected and published by the
American Pharmaceutic Association.
Formyl ( {,•>■' -mil 1 [formica, the ant; vki), matter],

< 1 1< ). The radicle ol formic acid.
Forne's Method. See Anesthetic.
Forneaux Jordan's Operations. rations.

Fornicate (for^-nih-S I rnbiology,

' ing fornici irched. I mmit foi

tion.

FORNICATION

191

FOLK

Fornication (for-nih-a'-shun) [fomicari, to forni-
cate]. The illicit sexual intercourse ol an unmarried
person of cither -ex with another, whether married or
uot.

Fornicolumn [for'-ne-kol-um) [fornix, an arch ; col-
umna, a column]. The anterior pillar of the fornix,
one in each hemicerebrum. It is a bundle of fibers
ascending from the albicans and thalamus, passing
ju.-t caudadofthe precommissure, forming the cephalic
boundary of the porta, and ending in the temporal lobe..

Fornicommissure [for-ne-kom' '-is-shur) [fomii .
arch ; commissura, a commissure], A lamina of
greater or less thickness uniting the two hemifornices
of the brain. It is not a true commissure, nor even
fibr< ius in structure.

Fornicrista [for-ne-kris' '-tah ). See Crista.

Fornix (for' -nibs \ [fornix, an arch], i. Theproject-
ing bundle of the gyrus hippocampi, from which it
collects the medullated nerve-fibers through the fim-
bria. Through the fornix the transition from the
hemispheres to the dicncephalon is established. 2.
In biology, a vaulted or arched arrangement or ap-
pendage, as the scales in the throat of some corollas,
or the hollow beneath the umbo of a bivalve-shell.
F. descendens. See Bundle of Vicq d'Azyr.

Forster's Method. See Cataract, Artificial Matura-
tion of. F.'s, Operation. See Operations. Table of.

Fortification Spectrum | for-tif-ik-a' -shun spek'-trum).
Teichopsia ; the appearance of a peculiar subjective
visual sensation in migraine. The luminous shape of
its outer edge assumes a zigzag form, with angles iike
those of a fortification.

Fosforus ( fos'-for-us\. A commendable orthography
for phosphorus. It has been recommended for adop-
tion by recent spelling-reformers.

Fossa \/'os' -ah) [fossa, a ditch : pi., Fossa"]. A de-
pression, furrow, or sinus. F.. Canine, the depression
on the external surface of the superior maxillary bone,
giving rise to the origin of the levator anguli oris and
compressor nasi muscle-. F.. Condyloid, a fossa
behind each condyle of the occipital bone. F. coro-
naris, the boundary between the disc and corona, in
Medusa. F.. Cranial, any fossa of the skull. F.,
Digastric, a deep groove on the inner aspect of the
mastoid process for the attachment of the digastric
muscle. F., Digital, a deep depression at the base
of the inner surface of the great trochanter of the femur.
F., Glenoid, the fossa in the temporal bone that receh es
the condyle of the lower jaw. F., Hyaloid, a depres-
sion in the anterior surface of the vitreous body for the
crystalline lens. F., Hyoid, a small cavity external
to the ary-epiglottic fold on either side of the larynx.
It is also called the Sinus piriformis. F., Iliac, the
smooth internal surface of the ilium. F., Incisive,
a depression in the superior maxillary bone just above
the incisor teeth. F., Infraclavicular. See F. ,
Mohrenheim's. F. innominata. Same as F. sca-
phoidea. F.. Jugular, a deep excavation in the pe-
trous portion of the temporal bone, forming part of the
posterior lacerated foramen. F. lachrymalis, the de-
pression in the frontal bone for the reception of the
lachrymal gland. F., Lenticular. Same as F.,
Hyaloid. F.. Mohrenheim's, the infraclavicular
fossa ; a triangular depression beneath the clavicle.
F., Myrtiform. Same as /•'. . Incisive. F., Nasal,
the nostrils. See Nasal /■'■• see. F. navicularis.
.1/ rgagnVs fossa, a fossa within the penis, formed by
a dilatation in the spongy portion of the urethral pas-
sage. F.. Occipital, a fossa behind tin- condyle of
the occipital bone. F.. Olfactory, the fossa in the
fetus that develops into the nasal fossa. F. ovalis.
an oval <lepre--ion in the right auricle of the heart. F.,

Palatine, the anterior palatine cana! through

the palatine process of the superior m ill h

branches into tour compartments, the forac

sen, and the- foramina of Scarpa. F. patellaris, ..
pression on the anterior aspect of the- vitreous humor in
which rests the posterior surface of thi F.,

Pituitary, a depression below the olivary process
the sphenoid bone lodging the pituitary body. F.,
Prepontile, the anterior foramen caecum. S< e /
inin, i, 7 able of . F., Pterygoid, the parating

the external and internal plates of t

- <.i the sphenoid. F. of Rosenmiiller, a dq
-ion on the ; i wall of the naso-pharynx immedi-

ately behind the Eustachian orifice. F. scaphoidea,
the curved depression between the helix and antihelix
of the external ear. F. sigmoidea. a deepgroove on the
internal surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal
bone into which the mastoid foramen opens. F., Sphe-
no-maxillary, a triangular space at the angle of the
spheno-maxillary and pterygo-maxillary fissures. F.,
Sublingual, a depression on the internal surface of the
inferior maxillary bone, for containing the sublingual
gland. F., Submaxillary, the oblong depression on
the internal surface of the inferior maxillary bone,
which contains the submaxillary gland. F., Sub-
scapular, a broad cavity on the internal surface of
the scapula. F. , Temporal, the fossa on either side of
the head filled by the temporal muscle. It i~ formed
by parts of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal,
and malar bones. F., Trochanteric. Same as /.,
ital. F., Zygomatic, a cavity below and on the
inner side of the zygoma.

Fosset, or Fossette \ fos-ct' \ [Fr.]. A dimple or small
depression.

Fossilin ( fos'-il-in) [fossilis, dug up]. A trade-name
for a product resembling vaselin.

Fossula ( fos'-su-la/i) [dim. of fossa, a ditch : //., Fos-
sulai]. I. In biology, a small fossa. 2. Any one of
the numerous slight depressions on the surface of the
cerebrum. F. olfactoriae, the olfactory depressions
of acraspede medus

Fothergill's Disease, or Faceache. See Diseases,
Tabic of. F.'s Sore-throat, a synonym of the angi-
noid variety of scarlet fever [Scarlatina anjinosa).

Foubert's Test. See Death.

Foudroyancy {foo-droi'-an-se) [Fr. ]. The property of
being foudroyant.

Foudroyant ( foo-Jroi'-ant) [Fr. ]. Sudden and over-
whelming : fulminant ; fulgurant.

Foul [Ml . foul, foul]. Filthy: offensive; dis-

gusting. F.-in-the-foot. See F.-r t. F.-rot. an
inflammatory disease of the hoofs of cattle ; it is at-
tended with suppuration.

Foulage ( foo-lahzh' i [Fr. ,'• fulling, or pressing'*]. In
massage, a form of manipulation of the tissues.
Fulling.

Foulbrood | fowF-brood . A contagious zymotii
ease of the honey-bee and its larva, due to the
presence of the Bacillu.
natic, 1 -

Foullioy's Operation.

Founder . to pour]. Laminitis

of the hoi t. with the accompanying

disorder- ^{ related parts. F.. Chest, founder in a

horse, marked or accompanied by atri i] ihy i ■: the chest-

iiiu-

Foundling [Ger. , fun Jen, found]. An

abandoned infant.

Four(/Vr [MI .four]. Twi F.-drug

Ointment. - F. Masters.

Suture of the. - F. -tailed Bandage. See

Bi I

FOURCHE1

19S

FRAMBESN »II»

Fourchet, or Fourchette ') [It., a fork].

i A fold of mucous membrane at the posterior June
tion of the labia i -' V forked instrument

used in division of the frenum lingu

Fournier's Method

Fovea | a small pit]. Applied to

mai >sions in the bodj or it- organs, bul more

ticularly to th , a little pit in

the . i opposite the visual axis, the spot «>i

distinctesl vision, where the retinal cones arc massed

r and the rods and some other parts are absent.

[t is nter of the cornea. F. hemiellip-

tica, recessus ellipticus ; sinus semiovalis ; a small

. the inner wall of the labyrinth, between the

.1 hemispherica and the orifices of the semicircular

F. hemispherica. recessus sphericus; a

depression in the forepart of the inner wall of the

labyrinth.

Fove'ate small pit]. In biology,

defj.lv pitted.
Foveola , a small pit]. I.

A small pit 01 depression. 2. The depression at the
summit of each papilla of the kidney. F. coccygea,

ression — a congenital defect — a little ab
the anus and at the apex of the coccyx. It is due
I development. F. inguinalis, a some-
what funnel-shaped depression in the external in-
guinal fossa. It is open in fetal life, and is the ab-
dominal end of the inguinal canal, through which the
1. F. radialis. See Anatomist' $
S>:
Fovilla ih) [fovere, to warm, to cherish: pi. ,

]. In biology, the protoplasmic contents of a
pollen-grain.
Fowler's Method. A method of estimating the amount
of urea in the urine. It consists in mixing one volume
of the urine with seven volumes of liquor sodae chlo-
rate U. S P.) and comparing the specific gravity
before and al nee. See Urea. F.'s Solu-

tion. £ nic.

Fox's Apparatus. An apparatus for treating fracture of
the clavicle. It consists of a pad in the axilla with a
>ory apparatus from the opposite shoulder.
Fox-glove See Digitalis.

Foxination n-a'-shuri). See Hypnotism.

Fractional | frak' -shun-ai) [fractio, a breaking], I'er-
taining to fractions. F. Cultivation, the isolation of
one variety of microorganism from a mixture oi several,
in order tostudy or cultivate it. This is done by at-
tenuation oi dium so that a drop will probably
contain but line organism. Distilled water was first
the attenuating medium, but gelatinized media
now used. Brefeld and Nageli suggested the
procedure, and Lister isolated the first microbe, the
/>'<; illu la in. F. Distillation. See Dis-
tills
Fractionation tn-a'-shun) \_fractio, a break-
ing ]. iration by sui perations.
Fractura [frak tur'-ah) [L.]. A fracture. F. dentis,

fractun ith.

Fracture fur) [ .to break].

The breaking ol a bone, either by external force, or
bj m of the mu b idy. Applied

the breakinj F., Barton's,

an oblique fracture ol thelowerem radius, begin-

ning on the articulating surface. F.-bed, a doubly
inclined pla in the treatment of fractiu

hip. F.-box box with noend r, used in

immobilization of fractured bones. F., Capillary,
isisting of only a fi F., Commi-

nuted, with shatterii F., Colles', one of

the lower endof the radius with displacement back-

ward. F., Complete, entirely through the bone. F.

Comminuted Fracture of Claviclb. {Moultin.)

Complicated, with injury of adjacent parts. F.,
Compound, with a communicating wound of the skin.
F., Depressed, with depression of the fractured part
below the normal level, as in fracture of the skull. F.,
Double, one bone is fractured in two places. F.,
Dupuytren's, fracture of the fibula, with retraction
and displacement outward, and with laceration of the
ligaments of the foot. F., Epiphyseal, with separa-
tion of the epiphysis of a bone. F., Greenstick, one

Greenstick Fracture ok the Radius. (Mont/in.)

side of the bone is broken, the other bent. F., Im-
pacted, with forcible compression of the fragments
into each other. F., Moore's, fracture of the lower
endof the radius, with laceration of the internal lateral
ligament and detachment of the triangular interarticu-
lar cartilage, which allows of the dislocation of the
head of the ulna and the imprisonment of the styloid
process under the annular ligaments. F., Pott's, same
as /. , Dupuytren's, but without laceration of the in-
ferior tibio-fibular ligaments. F., Shepherd's, a frac-
ture of the astragalus, the outer projecting edge being
detached. F., Simple, without rupture of the over
lying skin or mucous membrane. F., Smith's, frac-
ture of the lower end of the radius, from a quarter of
an inch to an inch from the articular surface. F.,
Spontaneous, with but a slight force to cause it, as
wdien there is disease of the bone.

Fraenulum ( fren'-u-luni). See Frenulum.

Frsenum {fre'-num). See Frenum.

Fragilitas (fraj-il'-it-as) [L.]. lirittleness. In phy-
siology, a want of flexile strength. F. crinium, an
atrophic condition of the hair in which the individual
hairs split into numerous fibrillse, the cleavage in many
cases being recognizable as far as to the roots, the
fibrils often curling in several turns away from the
axis of the shaft. F. ossium, abnormal brittleness
of the bones.

Fragmentation (frag-men-tal -shun) [fragmentum, a
piece]. The subdivision into fragments; the separa-
tion of certain form- of bacilli, or other microdrgan
isms, into joints which become new individuals ; the
division or segmentation of a cell. F. of Calculi,
Spontaneous, the exfoliation and breaking up of a
calculus by the action of the uric acid or other morbid
products in the bladdi I

Frambesia ( fram-b ' e-aK) [frambcesia, raspberry].
Yaws; Pian; Amboyna button; Parangi ; Coco;
Endemic Verrugas. A tropical contagious diseas
the skin, of long duration, characterized by dirty or
liii -In red raspberrj like tubercles, appearing usuallj
on tli'- face, io< -. and genital organ.-. It i- in isl fre
quent in young colored people.

Frambesial ( fram be' ze-al) \ frambcesia,& raspberry],
Resembling, or pertaining to frambesia.

Frambesioid ( fram i i[ frambcesia, a raspbei r) ;

if, likeness]. Resembling frambesia, or one of its
tubercles.

FRANCHIM0N1 S 1 KS T

493

I RENCH

Franchimont's Test. Sec Tests, Table of.

Francis' Test. See lests, Tab/,

Franciscea ( fran-sis'-e-afc). See Manaca.

Franck's Pill. A purgative pill containing aloes 4,
rhubarb 2, syrup of absinthe, </. s.

Franco's Operations. See Operations, Table of.

Frangible ( fran' /'/'/< /) [frang . to break]. Liable
to fracture; breakable.

Frangula 1 prang* gu-lah) [origin uncertain]. The bark
(one year old) of Rhamnus frangula, or alder buck-
thorn. The fresh bark is a violent irritant ; the old bark is
anon-irritant purgative much used in the constipation of
pregnancy. Ext. Rhamni Frang. (B. P.). D
gr. xv-^j. F., Ext., Fid. Dose Jss-ij. Ext.
Rham. Frang. Liq. (B. P.). Dose 3J-iv.

Frangulin ( prang* -gu-liri) [origin uncertain],* ,J 1
Rhamnoxanthin ; a lemon-yellow, crystalline, odor-
less, and tasteless glucosid found in Buckthorn.

Frank [ME., frank, open]. < )f a benign or favorable
tendency ; as a frank inflammation ; sometimes also
applied to remedies, in a similar sense.

Frank's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Frankel's Apparatus. A pneumatic apparatus. F.'s
Pneumobacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table.

Frankenhauser, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table
of. F.'s Micrococcus. The micrococcus of perni-
cious anemia. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of.

Frankenia ( frang-ke'-ne-ah) [after Johann Franke],
A genus of heath-like herbs and undershrubs. F.
grandiflora, of California, called Verba rheuma, i^
astringent, and is a popular remedy for nasal, urethral
and vaginal catarrhs. F. portulacifolia, of St.
Helena, has been used as a substitute for tea. Other
species of the genus are aromatic and stimulant. Unof.

Frankfort Black. See Pigments, Conspectus of. F.
Plane. See Plane.

Frankincense ( frangk1 -in-sens) \_francum incensum,
pure incense]. A name given to a variety of resinous
aromatic substances, especially the exudation of Abies
excelsa ; the term was originally, and properly, the
same as olibanum. It is the concrete turpentine
scraped off the trunks of Pinus australis and P. tceda.
It is used externally as a slight stimulant and is con-
tained in Emplastruni pic is (B. P.).

Frankland's Artificial Human Milk. A nutritious
preparation made from cow's milk as follows: — Allow
Y^ of a pint of new milk to stand 12 hours; remove
the cream, and mix it with % of a pint of perfectly
fresh cow's milk. Take the milk from which the
cream was removed, and put into it a piece of rennet
about an inch square (fluid rennet may be employed).
Keep the vessel containing it in a warm place, until
the milk is fully curdled, an operation requiring from
5 to 15 minutes according to the activity of the rennet.
Break up the curd repeatedly, and carefully separate
the whole of the whey, which should then be rap-
idly heated to boiling in a small tin-pan placed overa
spirit-lamp or gas-lamp. During the heating a further
quantity of casein, technically called " fleetings," sepa-
rates, and must be removed by straining through clean
muslin. Now dissolve no grains of powdered sugar of
milk in the hot whey, and mix it with % of a pint of
new milk to which the cream from the other fluid has
already been added. The artificial milk should be used
within 12 hours of its preparation. F.'s Method, a
method of estimating the quantity of organic matter
present in water. The organic carbon is oxidized and
obtained as CO.,, and the organic nitrogen is liberated
in the free gaseous state and measured.

Franklin [frangk'-Zin) [from Benjamin Franklin], A
unit of static or frictional electricity. F. Spectacles.
See Bifocal.

Franklinic [frangk-lin' '-ik) [from B. Franklin], fric-
tional. F. Electricity, static or frictional electricity.

Franklinism 1 frangk* -lin-izm). Same as Frankliniza-
tion.

Franklinization [frangk-lin-i a'-shun) [after B.
Franklin]. 1 he therapeutic use of frictional or static
electricity.

Frasera (fra'-zer-ah). See American Columbo.

Fraserin ( fraf -zer-iri) [after John Fraser, an English
botanist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root
of Frasera carolinensis ; it is atonic, stimulant, and
mildly astringent. I )ose I to 3 grains. Unof.

Fraunhofer's Lines. See Absorption, and Lines Table.

Fraxin (fraks'-in) [fraxinus, an ash-tree], < ,11
A glucosid from the bark of certain species of ash
1 Fraxinus < . et< .). It forms fine, white, four-

sided prisms, of a bitter taste. It has been proposed
as a remedy for gout, rheumatism, etc.

Fraxinus ( Irak -in' '-us) [L. ," ash-tree."]. A genus
of trees, order Oleacec , to which the various species ol
the ash belong. F. americana, is useful in <
menorrhea. A wine (Vinum fraxini americancs,
N. I'.) is prepared from its inner bark. I >ose, one
fluidrachm. F. excelsior, of Europe, affords a medici-
nal bark, its leaves, and wood formerly being official.
Chinese wax is collected from the branches of F.
chinensis ; and manna from F.ornus ami F. rotun-
difolia.

Freak (frek) [MLE.,freke, bold]. A popular name for
a deformed person.

Freckles [frek'-lz). See Lentigo and Ephelides.

Freestone-hewers' Lung. Synonym of Pneumono-
koniosis.

Freezing {frez' -ing) [ME. , freesen, to freeze]. The
congelation of liquids, especially of water. F. -fluids,
liquid preparations, with boric acid, syrupy or gummy
in consistence, in which tissue-specimens are immersed
prior to freezing and section-cutting. F. -machine,
an apparatus for producing intense cold by the evapo-
ration of condensed gases. F. -microtome, a micro-
tome attached to a contrivance for freezing artificially
the tissue to be sectionized. It is used with very soft
tissues. F. -mixture, a mixture of salts which absorb
heat in undergoing solution. F. -point, the tempera-
ture at which a liquid freezes.

Freire, Micrococcus of. See Bacteria. 'Table of.

Fremitus (frem'-it-us) [L. , a murmur]. A tremor
caused by the sympathetic vibration of some part or organ
of the body in consonance with some other vibrating
body. Also, a murmuring. F., Friction, the vibral
produced by the rubbing together of two dry surfaces 1 if
the pleura, and felt by the hand. It is met with frequently
in dry pleurisy. F., Rhonchal, vibrations produced by
the passage of air through a large bronchial tube con-
taining mucus. It is most often felt in bronchitis.
F., Tactile, the vibratory sensation conveyed to the
hand applied to the chest of a speaking person. F.,
Tussive, the thrill felt when the hand is placed upon
the chest while the patient coughs. F., Vocal.
See / 'oca/.

Fremontia ( fre-mon' -she-alt) [after John C. Fremont,
an American explorer]. A genus of malvaceous
shrubs. F. californica, California!] slippery elm, is
not related botanically to the true elms, but its bark
is used in the same way as that of the slippery elm.

French [Francus, a Frank], Pertaining to France.
F. Blue. See . Irtificial I Vtramarine under Pigments,
Conspectus of. F. Crust, or F. Distemper. Synonym
of Syphilis. F. Green. Same as Schweinfurt Green.
F. Measles. Synonym lof Rotheln, q. v. F. Method,
the manual method of instruction of deaf-mutes. F.
Mulberry. See Callicatpa. F. Pox. Synonym of

FRENETIC

194

FR< »ND( >SE

F. Purple.

F. Red. See
F. Spirit, Brand} F. White.

Frenetic

Freno-secretory • bridle ;

dning or

Frenulum. '■ bridle :

■]. A small orminute frenum. The Dame

uvula ol the

In biology, a ' • bristle on

the secondary

-. which folds th
;t ; it serves to lo< k the wings
ther.
Frenum - [I... a curb]. A ligament, fold

of integument, or other pan. that checks or limits the
movem in. F. dentis, the socket of

F. labiorum, the fourchet or lower corn-
s'. F. linguae, the bridle
F.. Macdowel's, the accessory fil
ening anteriorly the intermuscular septum oi
tli, :m attached to the great pec-

F.of Penis the fold on the lower sur-
cting it with the prepuce.
Frenzy . brain ; mind]. Ex-

treme and violent mania. F., Transitory, a condi-
tion of impaired consciousness characterized by either
an intense maniacal frenzy or a confused hallucinatory
irium, the duration of which does not exceed the
peril >d 'i two.

Frere Come, Arsenical Paste of. Arsenious acid
and animal charcoal, each one part ; mercuric sul-
phid, lour p. ut-: to be used only over a small area
at a time. F. C.'s Operation. See Operations Table.
Fresco Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs.
Fret [Mi ft, to eat up]. An abrasion; a chaf-

ing . : tetter.

Fretting i [M.E.,freten,to eat up]. A chaf-

fta of Tormina.
Fretum [L., a strait]. A constriction. F.

of Haller, in the fetal heart, the constriction between
the am i the ventricli

Freund's Operations. See Operations, Table of. F.'s

Test. - ' Table of.

Frey's White Mass. A substance for injecting tissues.
Pr< [25 to 185 C. c. of a cold, saturated,

aqu utionof barium chlorid by adding H2SO«,

p. Allow tlie precipitate to settle for 24
hour-, and de< ant the clear fluid. The remaining mu-
cilaginous 1 mixed with an equal volume of
strong gelatin solution.
Friable /) [friare, to rub]. Easily broki

crumb!'
Friar's Balsam \ name given to

imaticum, \. F., and also to the
nilar Tinctu ita, V. S. 1'.

Bal, >!///.
Fricke's Operation. See operations. Table
Friction , i,, rub]. I.

The act ol rubbing. Th ;, in medicine, called

sha: the inui inal -ul>

by rubb 2 In m circular

manipu ilways followed by I il brok-

ings thumb, with

the >, or with one hand. F. -fremitus.

Fremitus. F. -sound, the sound observed in
auscultation, ult of the rubbin .id

jac iie pleural fold-, the pericardium,

or the peritoneum.

Friedlander, Bacillus of. Si ia, Synonymatic

F.'s Hematoxylon Solution. See Stains,

F.'s Method, a method of staining Pneu-

Si F., Microbe of.

Bacteria, Synonymatic Tabl

Friedreich's Ataxia 01 Disease. Hereditary Ataxia,
or Hereditary Ataxic Paraplegia, or Postero-lateral
Sclerosis, depending on combined posterior and lateral
sclerosis oi the cord, ami differing from tabes and
ataxic paraplegia in the earl) age of it- appearance,
its hereditary nature, and some other feature-. Also
applied to Paramyoclonus multiplex. See Disea
Table of. F.'s Sign. See Signs and Symptoms,
Tat-.

Fright (frit) [M K., /;/;/, fright]. Sudden and extreme
fear. F. -neuroses, Page's term for certain neuromi
metic disorders following injury. This class of cases
is generally considered under the name of " trau-
matic hysteria." Frighl - are frequently en-
mntered in males as the result of railway injuries.

Frigorific (frig-or-if'-ik) \_frigus, cold ; facer,, to
make]. I. Producing extreme cold. 2. That which
produce- extreme cold. F. Mixture, Amolt's Mix-
ture; a mixture used as a local anesthetic. It con-
sists of two parts of ice, and one of salt. These are
pulverized separately in a canvas or linen bag, and
then thoroughly mixed and surrounded by a piece of
gauze. As soon as the mixture begins to melt it
-hoitld be placed over the part to be anesthetized.

Fringe ( frinj) [ME., fringe, a fringe]. See Fimbria.
F.-tree, the bark of the root of Chionantkus
virginica, a mild diuretic, aperient, and reputed
alterative. Dose of the fld. ext. 3 ss-j. Unof. See
Chionantkus.

Frog [ME., frogge, a frog]. 1. An amphibian of the
family Ranida. 2. In farriery, an elastic, horny
substance that grows in the middle of the sole of a
horse's foot, dividing it into two branches, and run-
ning toward the heel in the form of a fork. 3. A
popular name for Ranula, </. '<•. It is also called
Frog-tongue. F., Cohnheim's. See Coknheim. F.-
face, a facial deformity due to the growth of polypi
or other tumors in the nasal cavities. A temporary
condition of this kind may be due to orbital cellulitis
or facial erysipelas. F.-gait, a peculiar hopping
progression due to contractions of the flexors and ad-
ductors of the thighs, and to paralysis of the adductors.
It is one of the results of infantile diplegia. F.-
headed, the appellation given to anencephalic mon-
sters, from their peculiar contour, which is due to the
imperfect development of the orbits and the consequent
apparent prominence of the eyes. F. -spawn Mat-
ter. See Boiled-sago Matter. F. -tongue. See Frog.

Froissement (frwas-mon(g)) [Kr., bruising]. In mas-
sage, a form of " rough attaeli went," of the skin
and superficial tissues. See Attachement.

Frolement (frol-tnon(g)) [Fr.]. A brushing; in mas-
sage, a succession of slow, backward and forward
movements, a- from a center to a periphery, and the
reverse. It is done with the palmar surface of the
fingers, or with the roulet.

Fromage de Brie ( fro mahzh du(r)-bre). See Ch

Frohmann's Lines. See Line.

Frond (frond) \_frons, a leafy branch]. In biology,
a leaf-like expansion of certain invertebrates, espec-
ially such a- resemble plant-. A thallus, or organ in
which tin- functions of leaf and stem are not fully
differential' 1 1

Frondescence /-ens) [ frondescere, to put

forth [eaves]. In biology, tl of bursting into

1. 1 !f. Foliation, ami Phyllody.

Frondose (fron'-dos) [frondosus, leafy]. In biology,

FR< >NS

495

II LGURANT

having thin, expanded parts. Thalloid, or like a
thallus.

Frons | fr nz) [I n., Frontis\ The forehead.

Front ( frmit) X frons, the forehead]. J lie forehead.
F. Combination. See Combination. F.-tap Con-
traction of Gowers. See Contraction, and k ft
Tail

Frontad [frun'-tad) [frons, the forehead; ad, to].
Toward- the frontal aspect.

Frontadiform ( fruit tad' -if-orm) [ frons, front ; forma,
form]. In biology, having the body extended in the
dni ( tii "i "i the fi irehead.

Frontal i frunt'-al) [frontalis, of the forehead], i.
Pertaining to the anterior part or aspect of an organ
or body. 2. More often, belonging to the frons or
forehead. F. Bone, the anterior bone of the skull
and superior bone of the face. F. Crest. See Crest.
F. Eminence. See Eminence. F. Lobe. See Lobe.
F. Section. See Section. F. Sinuses, the cavities,
one over each orbit, of the frontal bone. F. Trian-
gle. See Triangles, Table of.

Frontalis Muscle ( fron-ta' -lis) [frontalis, of the
forehead]. The frontal portion of the occipitofrontal
muscle. See Muscles, Table of.

Fronten (frun'-ten) [frons, the forehead]. Belong-
ing to the frontal hone in itself.

Frontlet (frunl'-let) [frons. the forehead]. In biology,
applied to the forehead of a bird when distinguished
by some peculiarity.

Fronto- (frun'-to-) [ frons, the forehead]. A prefix de-
noting anterior position ; or, more often, expressing
a relation with the frons, or forehead. F. -alveolar,
relating to the frontal and alveolar regions. F.-
ethmoid, relating to the frontal and ethmoid bones.
F. -occipital, relating to both forehead and occiput.
F. -triangle. See Triangle. F. -orbital, relating
to forehead and orbit.

Frontodymia ( frun-to-dim'-e-ali). Same as Cephalo-
pagus and Cephalodymia.

Frost [old Danish, frosts, frost]. In farriery, to sharpen
the front and hind parts of a horse's shoes. F.-bite,
injury to the skin or a part from extreme cold, result-
ing in inflammation and gangrene ; pagoplexia. F.-
itch, a name for Prurigo kiemalis. F.-wort. See
Helia ntkemum.

Frosted Feet ( fros'-ted fit). See Chilblain.

Froth [ME., frotlte, froth]. Foam, as from the mouth.
F., Bronchial, that coming from the bronchial tubes,
as in asthma.

Frottage i frot-ahzh') [Fr.]. A form of sexual perver-
sion in which the orgasm is induced by simply rubbing
against or toying with the clothing of women. An
individual so afflicted is called a frotteur.

Frotteur ( fro-fair') [Fr.]. See Frottage.

Frown [ME., frownen, to scowl]. To scowl. A
wrinkling of the brow.

Frozen Attitude [fro'-zen at' -it-ftd ). See Attitude.

Fructiculose ( fiuk-tik' -u-los) [fructiculus, dim. of
fructus, fruit]. In biology, bearing much fruit.

Fructification (fruk-tifiik-a' -shun) [fructificare, to
bear fruit]. In biology, fecundation, fertilization,
impregnation ; the act of forming, or the production of
fruit, of whatever sort.

Fructose | fruk'-tos) [ fructus, fruit], < , I I , ,l >,.• Fruit-
sugar, formerly called .■ it i- found in almost all
sweet fruits. It is formed, together with grape-sugar, in
the so-called inversion , or decomposition of cane-sugar,
by boiling with acids or by the action of ferments. The
mixture of the two is called invert-sugar. Fruit-sugar
forms a thick syrup, which at loo° C. dries to a
gummy, deliquescent mass. It may be crystallized in
fine, silky needle-, fusing at 95° C. It is more slowly

fermented by yeast than grape-sugar. It reduces an
alkaline copper solution in the same pro] the

latter. See also

Fruehjahrkatarrh [Ger.]. See Ophthalmia,

Frugivorous

j. I ruit-eating.

Friihlingskatarrh </ '-tin kat-ar) [Ger.].
mctivitis and Ophthalmia , Sp>

Fruit [fructus, fruit]. The developed ovary of

a plant, and espe< tally the sua ulent, fleshy ;
gathered about the same. Also applied to the offspring
of animals. F. -sugar. See Sugar and Fructose.
F.-dots. See Sorus.

Frumentaceous ( fru-tnen-ta' '-sAe-u [ frumentum,
grain]. Belonging to or resembling grain.

Frumentum i fru-men' -turn) [L.]. Wheat or other
grain. Spiritus frumenti, whisky. See Spii

Frutescent | fru-les/-ent) [frutea . a -hrub]. In biology,
shrubby.

Frutex (fru'-teks) [I., a shrub, a bush: pi. Fruit
In biology, a shrub; a woody, perennial plant, gener-
ally having several stems and not exceeding twenty
feet in height.

Fruticose, or Fruticous (fru'-tif-os. or -us) [frutex,
a -hrub]. Shrubby.

Fruticulose i fi u-tik'-u-lds) [fruticulus, dim. of fru-
tex, a shrub]. In biology, resembling a small shrub.

Fryer's Apparatus. A transfusion apparatus made of
a single piece of rubber with two bulbs. F.'s Oper-
ation. See- Operations, Table of.

Fuchsin [fook'-sin) [after Leonhard Fucks'], C^Hj
IK 1. Rosein, Magenta. Eosin, Anilin-red. The
hydrochloii.l of rosanilin, a lustrous, green, crystalline
salt imparting an intense red to solutions. In large
doses it produces violent emesis and purging. In-
jected into a vein it causes staggering and trembling.
It i- said to be efficient in reducing albuminuria. Dose
gr. ' _, — i \- . See Pigments, Conspectus of. F. -bodies, the
name given by Russel to certain bodies found in car-
cinomata to which he attributes the causation of the
growths ; he refers them to the sprouting fungi. < >ther
observers find similar bodies which they hold to be
coccidia, while others consider them as crystals of
safranin or other pigments used in the preparation.

Fuchsinophile i fook-sin' '-o-fil) [fuchsin ; u/'/mr. to
love]. Readily stained by fuchsin.

Fuciphagous i fit-si f'-ag-us). Same as Fucivorous.

Fucivorous ( fu-siv' '-or-us) [fuctts, a seaweed ; vorare,
to devour]. In biology, applied to such animals as
the dugong, certain marine turtles, etc., that feed on
sea-weeds.

Fucus ( fit' -kits') [QVKoq, seaweed]. A genus of marine
algae, the rock-weeds. F.vesiculosus, bladder-wrack,
sea- wrack ; a marine alga abundant on the seashore;
it is used as an alterative and tonic. It is employed in
goiter and glandular enlargements, but mainly as an
empiric remedy for the absorption of fatty tissue in
obe-itv. An extract for such purpose is sold under the
name of anti-fat. Dose of the solid extract, gr. x ;
the fluid extract, gj-ij. Unof.

Fuel ( fit' -el) [ME., fuel, a wood-yard]. Combustible
matter. F.-gas, natural gas mixed with air, used
largely for manufacturing purposes as a substitute for
I fuel. Artificial gas, of the water ga- type, not
enriched with hydrocarbons for rendering it illuminant,
is also sold as fuel-gas.

Fugacious i fu-ga'-shus) [fugere, to flee]. In biology,
falling off, or fading early ; fleeting; fugitive.

Fugitive Color ( fu'-jit-iv kul'-or). See Pigrr>
Colors, and Dye-stuffs.

Fulgurant I ftt/'-iu-rant) [ft: , to flash: fulgur,

lightning]. Severe and terrific; as fulgurant pains.

FULGURATION

196

11 NICULUS

Fulguration

lightning], i I ightni jation of

Fuliginous soot].

Smoke-like; very dark ; L; applied to lips

that .irv ■ overed with dry. black crusts, as a " fuligin-
ous
Fuligo . S F. ligni, the

. ointments and tincture- ol it are
popularly esteemed. I; «)d disinfectant. F.

kali, a prepared :i caustic potash, ami

used in skin
Full [Ml . . .full], i. Replete; filled. 2. Intoxi-

; 1 ntii F. Bath. See Bath.
Fullers' Earth liceous non-fictile

clay, used in the fullinj >th, on account of its

uahty; it was formerly used a- an absorbent,

like bole.

Fuller's Lotion. A lotion for rheumatic joints, com-

rbonate of soda, 6 dram-; laudanum, I

glycerin, 2 ounces, and water, 9 ounces.

ths with tliis and apply. F.'s Pill, a

purgative pill, containing aloe-, senna, asafetida, gal-

num, myrrh, sulphate of iron, saffron, mace, oil of

amber, honey, and alcohol.

Fulling ME., fullynge, fulling]. In mas-

j -. a valuable method of kneading, named from the

'mm used by fuller- in rubbing linen between their

hand-. It consists in holding the limb between the

:u- of both hands, with the finger- fully extended,

and making a rapid to-and-fro movement with each,

the result being that the limb is rolled back and forth

between the hand-.

Fulmar Oil - ful'-mar) [ME., fulmar\. Oil cast up
from the stomach of the fulmar (Procellaria glacialis) ,
a sea bird of tin- N. Atlantic. It has the general
qualities of cod liver oil.

Fulminant, or Fulminating ( ful'-min-ant, or ful' -
min-a-ting) [fulminare, to lighten]. Sudden, severe,
and rapid in course ; as fulminant glaucoma. Same
a- , \nt, q. v.

Fulminate [ful' -min-at) [fulmen, lightning]. A com-
pound of fulminic acid with a base, usually silver,
r mercury, characterized by highly explosive
qualities.

Fulminating [Jul' -min-a-ting}. See Fulminant.

Fulvous 1 1 [fulvus, deep- yellow, tawny, flame-

red]. Having a tawny-yellow color.

Fumaria (fu-ma' -re-ah |. See Fumitory.

Fumarin | fu' -mar-in) [fumus, smoke]. An alkaloid
from Fumaria officinalis ; recommended as strongly
antipyretii I 1

Fumigation a'-shun) [fumigare, to smoke].

Disinfection byexposure to the fumes of a vaporized
disinfectant.

Fumitory fu'-mit-or-e) [fumus, smoke; terra, earth].

The plants Fumari - 'is. and /•'. bulbosa, herbs

nat. 1 itemed as polychresl

it now i< ; they are actively deob-

struent and antifebrile. I nof.

Fumous [fuf-mus) [fumus, smoke]. In biology,
11 ed ; fuliginous.

Fumus 1 fu' mu [L.]. Smoke. F. terre, old name
for fumitory.

Function . (,, perform]. The'

normal 1 f| anion ol a tissue, organ, or part of

the body.

Functional -fun k' hun-al [fungi, to perform]. Per-
taining to the special action of an organ, whether

physiologic or pathologic. F. Disease, one wit! 1

aI! rations. F. Spasm, a term

applied to any of the so (.died Fatigue-diseases.

Functionalization ( funk-shun-al-iz-af-shuri) [functio,
a function]. Restoration of a lost or diseased func
tion.

Fundal ( fuu'-dal) [fundus, the bottom], Relating
to a fundus.

Fundament (fun'-dam-ent) [fundamentum : fundus,
bottom]. 1. 1 he foundation or base of a thing. 2.
[n embryology, the rudiment. 3. The anus.

Fundamental ( fun-dam-ent' a [ fundamentum :

fundus, bottom], Pertaining to the foundation. F.
Tissue, in biology, unspecialized parenchyma ; those
tissues of a plant through which the fibro-vascular bun-
dle- are distributed

Fundus ( fun' '-ilus) [fundus, the bottom]. The base
of an organ. F. Glands, microscopic tubular glands
of the cardiac portion of the gastric mucous mem
brane. F. oculi, the posterior and interior portion
of the eye seen by the ophthalmoscope, comprising
chiefly the retina, papilla, retinal vessels, etc. F.
uteri, the part ol the womb remotest from the cervix,
and situated cephalad from the outlets of the oviducts.
F. vesicae, the basis, floor, or bas fond of the urinary
bladder.

Fungate ( fung/ gat ) [ fungus, a toadstool]. To grow
up with a fungous form or appearance. Also to grow-
rapidly like a fungus (applied to certain pathologic
growths).

Fungi ( fun'-ji ). See Fungus.

Fungicide ( fun' -jis-id ) [ fungus, a toadstool ; ctzdere,
to kill]. I. Destructive to fungi; bactericide. 2.
An agent that destroys fungi or bacteria.

Fungiform ( fun' -jiform)[ fungus, a mushroom ; forma,
form]. Having the form of a mushroom. F. Papillae,
elevations upon the middle and back part of the tongue.

Fungin ( fun'-jin) [fungus, a toad-tool]. A peculiar
principle found in most of the fungi. It is a whitish,
soft, insipid, fleshy substance, insoluble in water, a
hoi, ether, or weak H2S04, soluble in heated hydro-
chloric acid.

Fungoid ( fung' -goid ) [ fungus, a toadstool ; eldog,
likeness]. Resembling a fungus ; fungous.

Fungosity ( fung-gos' -it-e) [fungus, a toadstool]. A
fungous growth ; the quality of being fungous.

Fungous (fuug'-gits) [fungus, a toadstool]. Having
the appearance or qualities of a fungus ; excrescent,
-oft and swiftly-growing. F. Endometritis. See
Endometritis.

Fungus ( fung' -gits) [ fungus, a toad-tool : pi. , Fungi ].
I. An order of plants without stems, leaves or roots,
consisting of juxtaposed cells, without chlorophyl.
They reproduce by spores. The chief classes are the
J Ivmenomycctes, Basidiomvcetes, Ascomycetes, Schizo-
mycetes, and Oomycetes. 2. A spongy, morbid ex-

-cence, as proud-flesh. F. of Brain, hernia cer<
F. of Dura Mater, a tumor of the skull, of malignant
nature, originating in the layers of osteal cells. F.
Foot. See Foot. F. haematodes, a bleeding tumor,
generally a soft cancer.

Funic (fit' -nif) [funis, a rope]. Pertaining to the
funiculus or umbilical cord.

Funicular 1 fu-nik' -u-la>\ [ funis, a rope]. Relating to
the funiculus. F. Souffle, a hissing sound syn
chronous with that of the fetal heart, heard in auscul-
tating the pregnant abdomen. It is heard in only from
14 to 15 per cent, of cases, and is referable to the
umbilical cord.

Funiculitis {fu-nik -u-li'-tis) [funiculus, the spermatic
cord; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the sper
matic cord.

Funiculus ( fu -nik'-u-lus) [L.,acord ; dim, of funis.
a rope]. 1. In biology, applied to various cord-like
structures, as the spermatic cord, the umbilical

FUN I FORM

497

I I SIFORM

cord of mammals or its analogue in lower animals,

the ultimate nerve-bundles, tin- attachment of tin-
base of the stomach of a polyp with the bottom
of -its cell, the slender part of the clubbed antenna
of an insect, the stalk of an ovule or seed, etc.

2. A bundle of nerve-fibers in a sheath of perineurium.

3. A name, variously qualified, for the different
columns of the spinal cord and oblongata ; as the
F. cuneatus, F. gracilis, /*'. of Rolando, /•'. teres.
F. cuneatus. See Column of Burdach. F. gra-
cilis. See Column of G oil.

Funiform \_fuf -nif-orm) [ funis, rope; forma, shape].
In biology, resembling a rope or cord.

Funis ( fu'-nis) [1-.]. A cord; applied to the umbili-
cal cord.

Funnel ( fun' -el) [Old Yx.,fonel\ 1. A wide-mouthed,
conic vessel ending in a tube, designed to aid in the
speedy ami safe transfer of liquids from one vessel to
another. It is also used as a support for paper-filters.
2. An infundibulum. F. Mitral, a condition of the
mitral valve in mitral stenosis in which the left auricle
and the valve-structures are transformed into a hollow
cone. This condition is also called Button-hole Mitral.
F., Muscular, the funnel-shaped space bounded by the
four straight muscles of the eye ; its apex is at the optic
foramen, the eyeball forms its base, and along its axis
runs the optic nerve. F. -shaped Pelvis, a congenital
deformity of the pelvis, in which it retains its fetal or
funnel shape. F., Vascular, the light-hued depres-
sion at the center of the disc of the retina ; if exag-
gerated, it forms a so-called physiologic cup.

Funny Bone {fun'-e don). The internal condyle of the
humerus. Being crossed superficially by the ulnar
nerve, blows upon it give an unpleasant sensation to
the hand ; whence the name.

Fur [MJL.,furre, fur]. A coating of morbid matters,
including an increased amount of epithelium, seen
upon the tongue in various conditions of disease.

Furan {fur' -an) [furfur, bran], C4H40. Furfuran ;
tetrol ; a product of the destructive distillation of pine-
wood ; it is also produced synthetically by the dis-
tillation of pyromucic acid. It is a liquid, insoluble
in water, with a peculiar odor, and boiling at 320 C. It
yields bluish-violet dyestuffs with isatin and sulphuric
acid, and violet-red with phenanthraquinone.

Fvirbringer's Method. A method of cleansing the
hands and nails of operators. The hands and forearms
having been thoroughly cleansed by scrubbing with
soap and warm water and the nails carefully cleansed,
the hands and forearms are dipped for at least a min-
ute in absolute alcohol, then immediately into warm
bichlorid of mercury solution (I : 1000) and well
scrubbed with a nail-brush, the nails receiving partic-
ular attention.

Furca {fur' -kali) [L.,a fork]. A fork. F. orbitalis,
the orbital fork ; one of the earliest signs of the
orbit seen in the embryo; it is a mere trace of bifur-
cated bony tissue.

Furcate ( fur'-kat\ [furca, a fork]. In biology,
forked ; divided into two equal branches.

Furcula {fur'-ku-lah) [L., dim. of furca, a fork]. In
biology, applied to various forked structures, as the
united clavicles (wish-bone or merry-thought) of a
bird, or the bifid processes of certain insects.

Furfur {fur* -fur)[£,.']. I )andruff or perrigo ; scurf; the
bran of flour. F., Microsporon. See Tinea versicolor.

Furfuraceous {Jur-fur-a' -she-us) [ furfur, bran]. Re-
sembling bran. Applied also to dandruff- covered skin.

Furfuran {fur'-fu-ran). See Furan.

Furfurin {fur'-fu-ri,n {furfur, bran], C15H12N4Os.
A basic crystalline principle derivable from furfurol ;
it has been proposed as an antipyretic and tonic remedy.
S2

Furfurol { fur' -fu-rol ) [furfur, bran; oleum, oil].
I 1 1 ,< ),. The aldehyd of furfuryl alcohol is produced
in the distillation of bran with diluti I I.-'),, or of
sugar, etc. It is also derived from arabinose or xylose
and occurs in the decomposition-products of albumi-
noid bodies, as meat, 1 beese, urine, etc. With phenyl-
hydra/in it forms a nearly insoluble compound, fur-
furol hydrazon. It is a colorless volatile oil, with an
aromatic odor. In specific gravity at 1300 C. is 1.11
It boils at 1620 C. It combine-, with dimethylanilin
to form a green dye-stuff, corresponding to malachite
green. It exists in certain new whiskies; but as the
spirit becomes older the furfurol gradually disappears.

Furibund 1 fu' re-6itnd)[furi6undus,ragirig~\. Raging;
maniacal (applied to certain insane patient

Furor {Ju'-ror) [E]- Madness; fury; a maniacal
attack. F. genitalis. Same as Erotomania. F.
epilepticus, epileptic insanity. F. transitorius.
See Mania, Transitory. F. uterinus. See Nym-
phomania.

Furred ( fur J 1 [ M E. , furre, fur]. Having an abnormal
coating of granular or epithelial scales and other mat-
ter ; as a furred tongue.

Furrow ( fur'-o) [ME., furwe, a groove]. A groove
or trench. F., Auriculo-ventricular, the great
transverse groove separating the auricles of the heart
from the ventricles. F., Digital, one of the trans-
verse lines or furrows on the palmar surface of the
fingers. F., Genital, a groove appearing on the
genital tubercle of the fetus at the end of the second
month. F., Interventricular, two longitudinal
grooves separating the two ventricles of the heart.
F., Jadelot's. See fadelot's Lines, or Furr.

Furrowing {fur'-o-ing) [ME., furwe, a groove]. In
biology, the process of segmentation of the yolk of an
egg in some animals, as Amphibia.

Furuncle {fu'-rung-kl). See Furunculus.

Furunculosis ( fit-rung- ku-lo' '-sis) [furunculus, a
boil]. The morbid condition that is associated with
the production of furuncles.

Furunculous ( fit-rung* '-ku-lus) [furunculus, a boil].
Characterized by a continuous production of furuncles.

Furunculus ( fit-rung* '-ku-lus) [L.]. A boil. A local
inflammatory affection, commonly involving a skin-
gland or hair follicle, ending in necrosis and central
suppuration of adjacent parts. It begins with painful
induration, followed by swelling, finally suppu-
rating and sloughing at the " core." F. orientalis,
Oriental Boil, Aleppo Boil, Delhi Boil, Biscara But-
ton, Gafsa Button, Kandahar Sore. Pendjeh Sore,
Natal Sore. A local disease, marked by the succes-
sive formation of papule, tubercle, scab, and sharply
circumscribed ulcer on the face, especially the cheeks
and angle of the mouth. It is common along the
shores of the Mediterranean Sea.

Fuscescent ( fuses' '-ent)[fuscus, dusky]. In biology,
of a dark-brownish tinge.

Fuscin (fusS-in) [fuscus, dark]. Retinal melanin. A
pigment found a< minute granule.- imbedded in the
cell-substance and processes of the retinal epithelium.

Fuscoferruginous (fus-ko-fer-oo* '-jin-us) [fuscus,
dark; ferruginous, rusty]. Brownish; rust-colored.

Fuscotestaceous 1 fits-ko-tes-ta' '-she-us) [fuscus, dark.
dusky; testaceus, brick-colored]. Dull reddish-brown.

Fuscous {fits'- kits) [fuscus, dusky]. Grayish-brown.

Fusel Oil ( fit'-zel ). See Alcohol.

Fusible ( fu'-zib-i) [fusus, melted]. That which may
be fused or melted. F. Calculus. See Calculus.

Fusiform ( fu' -si form) [fusus, a spindle ; forma,
shape]. Spindle-shaped; larger in the middle and
diminishing in diameter toward either end ; applied tc
cells, fibers, etc.

Fl SH >N
Fusion ,ir out]. ' ne

Fuso-cellula:
Fust:.

... or
\ enetian su

\1 \« ■ 1 1 U'lll .Kl'.ITIS

Fustigation ;Aun) [fustigare, to beat].

Flagellation F., Electric, an application of elec
tricitj in which the surface ol the bod) is rapidl)
tapped with the electrodes of an induced current.

Fustin {Just-tin) \fustus, a knotted stick], < ', ,11,, ,< >8,
A yellow crystalline coloring-matter obtained from
A';. mspectusof.

Fuzzball ( fit i See Bovista.

< ..

G.

Gabbctt's Method. A method of d

Gabi.i:-. [It J. A variety of naphtha or

. .1 town nt m 1 lii-

r.m lianum.

Gaboon Chocolate
Gad-:';-. : . Ml . - fly]. A

di[ ■ to the genus Tabanus.

Gadimn [from C . haddock],

lined from dei omposing

: t human

given in huge

Gaduin le codfish], C II.,,'1, A

iver oil ; it i-. a dark-

Gadua the whiting]. A genus of fish.

G. morrhua, th a fish from the livers of which

ua.

Gseophagia

Gaertner, Ducts of.

Gaftky s Method. A method of staining the bacillus

.
Gafsa Button See Furunculus

Gai; ]. An instrumi rally

teeth to
during the administration
i the mouth.
Gat;es Solution Se< Sta

urn.
Gaillari*s Suture. See Sutu

Gait VS.]. I by walk-

may ass ami great
itral nervous dis-
G., Cerebellar, a gait in which the

■1 with a
It is due to disease, usually

tlir: .Hum. G.,

rich the ■ own ami ■

implished by

G., Frog, the charai hopping

Gal. \
Galactacras.i

en bnormality in the

i ilk.

Galactaemi v.

Galactagogue

i

agenl that increases the secretion of milk in the
breast.

Galactangioleucitis [gal-ak-tan-je-o-lu-si'-tis) [; ">«,
milk; ayyelov, vessel if, white]. Lymphangitis

associated with lactation.

Galactapostema {gal-aktap-os-te'-mak) [ya/a, milk ;
aizdarijua, abscess: pi., Galactapostemata'V. Milk-
abscess; mammary associated with lactation.

Galactedema (gal-a£-te-deJ '-rnak) \ya/.n, milk; oldi/fia,
a swelling]. Swelling of the mamma due to accumu-
lation of milk within it.

Galacthemia (gal-ak-the1 '-me-ah) [yala, milk ; alpia,
blood]. I. A milky state or appearance of the blood,
j. liloody milk, or the giving of bloody milk.

Galactia (gal-ak' -te-aA) [}<*>«, milk]. A genus of
diseases, according to Good's Nosology, embracing
defective or abnormal secretion of milk. G. virorum,
the secretion of milk by the male.

Galactic (gal-ak' -tik) \ydkaKTiK6q, milky]. Relating
to or promoting the flow of milk.

Galactidrosis ( gal ak-tiJ- ro'-sis) [;.'//«, milk; idp&c,
sweat]. The sweating of a milk-like fluid.

Galactin (gal-ak' '-tin) [ya\a, milk], i. Same as Lactose.
2. An amorphous alkaloid or base, reported to be ob
tainable from milk. 3. A wax obtained from the sap
of the S. American cow- tree, Galactodendron utile ;
it is used locally in candle-making. 4. <',l I,,,' ',. a
carbohydrate from the seeds of leguminous plants.

Galactirrhea (gal-ak-ter-e'-ah). See Galactorrhea.

Galactoblast \gal-ak' -to-blast) [y&Aa, milk ; Vaoot6c,
a germ]. A peculiar fat-containing globule found in
tin- acini of the mammary gland.

Galactocele ( gal ak'-to-sel) [;</>", milk; k^Xt/, tumor].

1. A cystic tumor of the female breast due to a collec-
tion of milk and resulting from closure of a milk-duct.

2. Hydrocele with milky contents.
Galactodendron (gal-ak-to-den'-dron) [y&sa, milk ;

a tree]. The cow-tree. See Brosimum.
Galactoglycosuria (gal-ak-to-gli-ko-su'-re-ah) [; <Vt ",

milk ; weet ; OVpOV, urine]. Glycosuria ile

pendent upon lactation.
Galactoid (gal-ak' -toid) [}''/■", milk; eldoq, form].

mbling milk.
Galactoma (gal-ak- to' -tnah) [;d/«, milk; bfia, a

tumor://., Galactomatal. Same as Galactocele.
Galactometer (gal-ak-tom'-et-er). See Lactometer.
Galactoncus (gal-ak-tong'-kus) [y&Xa, milk ; fly/

lling], Sami as Galactocele.
Galactonic Acid ( gal-ak tonf-ik). See Lactonic Anil.
Galactophagous (gal-ak-toff'-ag-us) [}u/<i, milk;

t ]. Milk eating.
Galactophlebitis (gal-ak-to-fle-bi'-tis) [;">", milk;
ein ; trig, inflammation]. 1. Milk-leg; phleg

GALACTOPHLYSIS

!!!<(

GALENIC

masia alba dolens ; phlebitis asso< iated with la< tation.
2. Phlebitis in a suckling child.

Galactophlysis [gal-ak-ioff/'lii is) ( , </>", mill. ,

eruption]. A vesii ular eruption containing a milk-like
fluid, and associated with a suppression ol lactation.

Galactophora [gal-ak-toff* -or-ah) [ydXa, milk ; fykpeiv,
to bear]. Remedies thai in< rease the 31 • r< Lion ol milk.

Galactophoritis {gal-ak-toff-or-i'-tis) \yaAa, milk;

ii iv, to bear ; t«c, Lnfla tation]. Inflammation of

a milk-duct.

Galactophorous (gal-ak-toff'-or-us) [}"/«, milk;
ipipeiv, to hear]. Milk-bearing. G. Ducts, the ex
cretory ducts ol the mammae.

Galactophorus ( gv il-ak-toff' <n us) [}<'><', milk;
o>i»ir, to bear]. An artificial nipple placed ovn tin-
natural organ in order to facilitate suckling and also
to protect the natural nipple when abraded.

Galactophthisis {gal-ak-toff'-this-is) [}«>". milk;
<pMoic, consumption]. Emaciation and debility due
to excessive secretion of milk.

Galactophyga {gal-ak-toff'-ig-ah | [y&Xa, milk; Qeiryeiv,
to shun]. Remedies employed to arrest the secretion
of milk.

Galactophygous {gal-ak-toffi '-ig-tts) [y<iAa, milk; tyvyr/,
flight]. Having the power to reduce or arrest the se-
cretion of milk.

Galactoplania {gal-ak-to-pla' -ne-ah)\yaka, milk; ttaAvt],
a wandering]. The metastasis of milk ; any secretion
or discharge of a milky fluid consequent upon a sup-
pression of lactation.

Galactoplerosis [gal-ai-lo-p/e-re/sis) \yaka, milk;
Tr'/i/^uatq, a filling]. Distention of the mamma from
hypersecretion of milk, or from closure of the milk
ducts.

Galactopoietic {gal-ak-to-poi-etf -ik) [;"/«, milk;
noiieiv, to make]. Inducing the secretion of milk;
concerned in the secretion of milk.

Galactoposia {gal-ak-to-p& '-ze-ah) \_yaXa, milk ; irbatc,
drinking]. " Milk-cure." The treatment of diseases
by the use of a milk-diet.

Galactopyretic {gal-ak-to-pi-retf -ik) \yaKa, milk ;
/ruperdc, fever]. Relating to milk-fever.

Galactopyretus {gal-ak-to-pi' '-ret-us) [yaXa, milk ;
irvperog, fever]. Milk-fever; the febricula that may
attend the establishment of lactation ; it is a form of
septic infection.

Galactorrhea (gal-ak-tor-er -aK) \yaka, milk; /ioia, a
flow]. An excessive secretion and flow of milk in a
nursing woman.

Galactoschesis {gal-ak-tos* -kes-is) \_ya~Aa, milk ; c\ to • .
retention]. The retention or suppression of the milk.

Galactoscope igal-ak'-to-skop). See Lactoscope.

Galactose {gal-ak* '-tds)\yaha, milk],C6H12Ofi. Lactose;
the aldose of dulcitol. It is formed on boiling milk-
sugar with dilute acids, and is obtained from such
gums as yield mucic acid when oxidized. It crystal-
lizes in nodules of grouped needles or leaflets, that
melt at 1660 C. Its solution is dextro-rotatory. It
readily reduces alkaline copper-solutions and is fer-
mentable with yeast. See Carbohydrates, Tabic of

Galactosis (gal-ak-to' '-sis) [yaAdnrioatc ; ;'/></, milk].
The secretion of milk.

Galactostasis [gal-ak-tos/-tas-is) [ydAa, milk ; arnaiq,
stoppage]. A morbid collection or stoppage of the
milk.

Galactosyrinx {gal-ak-to-sirr -ingks) \_}a'/a, milk ;
avpiyi;, a pipe]. Lacteal fistula.

Galactotherapy {gal-ak-to-therf -ap-e) \yaXa, milk;
Sepaireiv, treatment]. I. The treatment of dis
ease in suckling infants by the administration of the
remedies to the mother or wet-nurse. 2. Milk-cure ;
galactoposia.

Galactotrophy {gal-ak-totf -ro-fe) [yd?a, milk; t,

nourishment]. Nourishing with milk only.

Galactozemia ( gal a . milk ; ;

j. 1. Loss, diminution, or suppression of the
milk by failure ol set retion. 2. Loss of milk by
wastage ; oozing of milk from the nipple.

Galactozyme [gal-aA* -to-zim) [ya'Aa, milk;
haven], i. A drink made by the fermentatioi
milk, as kefir, or kuiin ited with

1 ommon yeast.

Galacturia igalak-tu'-re-ak) [ydXa, milk; oi
urine]. Milkiness of the urine ; chyluria.

Gala-heptose [ga-lah-Aep' '-tos). See Carbohydt
Tabl

Galanga, or Galangal [gal-ang/-gah, or gal'-an
[Chin.]. The rhizome ol Alpinia ojflcinarum, and
ol Kampj anga (great galangal), much

sembling ginger. It was formerly brought from China
and India, but is now little used. L nof.

Galax {ga'-laks) \ya'Aa, milk]. A genus of diapen-
siaceous plant-. G. aphylla, of N. America (carpen-
ter's leaf, " galax," beetle-weed), has an astrinj
root, and the leaves are said to be vulnerary. I 1

Galazyme {gal'-az-lm) \ya?-a, milk; tyftij, leaven].
A fermented drink, made on the Continent, from milk
by adding to it sugar and a special ferment.

Galbanum (gal'-ban-um) [lb!,, kh benah, white
milk], 1. A gum-resin of Ferulagalbanifl.ua, and F.
rubricaulis, native t<> Asia. It 1- expectorant, stimul
and antispasmodic, ami 1- useful in 1 hronic bronchitis
and catarrh. I >ose gr. x-xx. G., Pil., Comp.,
pill contains galbanum gr. i.--. myrrh gr. iss asafetida
gr. ss, and syrup. Dose ij-iij. G., Emplastrum,
galbanum 16, turpentine 2, Burgundy pitch 6, lead-
plaster 76 parts. 2. Locally, in the I". S., Burgundy
pitch is popularly called galbanum and is sold under
that name.

Galbiati Knife {gal-be-al'-e) \_Galbiati, an Italian
obstetrician]. A special knife used in the operation
of symphysiotomy.

Galbulus [galf -bu-lus) [L., the nut of the cypn — tree:
pi. , Galbuli]. In biology, a closed, fleshy, berry-like
cone, as the fruit of the juniper.

Gale {gal ) [ME., gawl, gale], 1. A shrub, Myrica
sweet gale of cool regions; it has an aromatic odor,
and is used locally for external parasites. See S
Gale. 2. The fern-gale, or sweet fern. See Sweet
Fern. G. bedouine. See Lichen simplex.

Galea (ga'-le-ah) [galea, yalia, helmet: pi., Ga
I. A form of head-bandage. 2. Headache extending
all over the head. 3. The aponeurotic portion of the
occipito-frontal muscle. 4. In biology, applied to
various helmet shaped parts or organs. G. capitis,
a fascial investment covering the crown of the head.

Galeamaurosis {ga-le-am-aw-rof -sis) [yaXq, cat, wea-
sel ; a/iavpdeiv, to darken]. See Amaurotic C

Galeanthropy [ga-le-an'-thro-p 1 [;<'/',. cat, weasel;
' •!.,-!, t\ man]. A form of zoanthropy in which the
patient believes himself to be transformed into or in-
habited by a cat.

Galeati, Glands of. See Crypts of Lieberkiihn.

Galen {ga/-len\ An ancient physician, A. D. 130-200.
G.'s Anastomosis, that between the superior and in-
ferior laryngeal nerves. G.'s Bandage. See Bandage.
G.'s Cerate, a cerate composed of white wax. 1 .
of almond-, 4; rose-water, ;. G., Veins of. See
;/.

Galena [gale/-nah) [}a//,vr,, lead ore]. 1. A remedy
for poison. 2. Native lead sulphid.

Galenic, Galenical ( ga-len'-ik, -al) [Galen, an ancient
physician]. Relating to or consistent with the teach-
ing- of Galen. Medicines were said to be g<i

GA1 1 \I>M

500

GA1 \ ANU

when • and nol

not velerinar) ;
mivalent i"
the l.ut
Galenism

II, . I ialen

Gab . ap

bemp nettle.
G. ladanum. medj for

i G. tetrahit

a vermifuge.

Galcropia, » Galeropsia

\ preternatur-
due i" some

ill!-

Gahanconism . a short-

■ »w ). Atro

Galipc's Te I

Gahpea \ ;enus of tropical Amei

G. cusparia and
G. officinalis .. , also ca

Galipeir. , I 1 lnH( >.,. An

Galipot Kr.] < rude Burgundy pitch. Cf.

im . milk-wort]. A genus of

ru; i man) ral of which

dicine. Among them are G.
californicum, G. circaezans, G. pilosum, and G.
tnfedum, in N. America, and G. mollugo, G. crucia-
tum. and G. verum in Europe. See, also, La a

G. aparine, goose-grass, cleavers, or

ch ■ plant, the juice of which is a

. in strum ns, and is said to

iiuretic. I >■,-,.- of the juice J v ; of the lluid

z nof.

Gall fd^, bile]. The bile. The

jui r. See Gal/a. G.-

bladder, th in the right lobe of the

liv- : the bile. See Chole-

G.-cyst, the gall-bladder. G-duct. SeeDuct.

-fever..: mittent fever. G. -stones,

i asionally formed in

• and it- dm: I n v an usually of

but ma\ as a pigeon's egg.

of the bile pigments and acid-,

llyof lime and mag-

: stituent. They

of intense pain, the so-called

Galla I ] Nut-gall. An excrescence on

mi a, ' aused

of an insei t. It contains tannic

to 75 ] . gallic aci<l 5 per cent.

G., Tinct., Dose 3

G., Unguentum, I / /,/, Tannic.

G.. Unguentum, cum opii | B P. . an astringent and

nt.

Gallacetophenone gaH ;

\ yellow powder with
I . pi : in d from pyro
1 ointment in

gallol-phthal

on' "ii hr-.itin^ pj !•.

1 phihal. rid to 200° C It

n alcohol, and with a

beautiful blue color in alkalies. It is an important
dye-stuff, producing tolerably fast shade- of purple and

violet on cotton, wool, and silk. See Pigments.

Gallic [gal'-ik) [gaUa, an oak-gall]. Pertaining to the
oak-gall or nut gall. G. Acid. See Acid, Gallic,

Gallipoli Oil {gal-e-po/ -le). See Turkey^red Oil.

Gallipot (gal'-e-pot) [OD. , gleypot, a gallipot]. An
apothecary's pot foi holding ointments or confections.

Gallisin . an oak-gall], ( \,\ 1 .,,( >,„.

An unfermentable carbohydrate found in starch-sugar.
It is prepared by fermenting a 20 per cent, solution of
stan h sugar with yeast at 180 or 200 C. for five or
»i\ days. In the pure state it is a white, amorphous,
extremely hygroscopic powder; its taste 1-- at first

sweet, but afterward be :s insipid; it is easily

decomposed by heat ; is readily soluble in water, nearly
insoluble in absolute alcohol. It is dextro-rotatory
and reduces copper solutions.

Gallium (gal'-e-um) [Gallia, Gaul]. A rare metal

mbol Ga., sp. gr. 5.935), extremely fusible, and

ri 1 iied iii chemic properties to aluminum, like which

it i.-. capable of forming a series of alums. Some of

its compounds are poisonous. See Elements, Table of .

Gallivorous (gal-iz/-or-us) [galla, a gall-nut ; vorare,
to eat. devour]. In biology, applied to the larvae of
gall-producing insects that feed on the inside of the
nut-gall.

Gallization {gal-iz-a' 'shun). A method of improving
wine, by which the must of a bad year is brought up to
the standard found to belong to a good must (24 per
cent, of sugar, 0.6 percent, of acid, and 75_4per cent,
of water) by correcting the ratio of acid to sugar.
This is done by adding sugar and water in sufficient
quantity.

Gallocyanin ( gal-o-si' '-an-in) [i<,'vr//i7,gall (-nut) ; diavot .
blue], ( , 1 1 , \ Ov A compound produced by the
action of nitroso-dimethvl-anilin upon gallic acid,
catechuic acid, etc. It forms shining green needles,
and serves as a beautiful violet-colored lake in calico
print. See Pigments , Conspectus of .

Galloflavin {gal-o-Jlav'-in). See Pigments.

Gallois^ Test. See Tests, Table of.

Gallon (gal'-ii)i) [MM, galon, a gallon]. A standard
unit of volumetric measurement, having in the United
States a capacity of 231 cu. in., and equivalent to a
weight of 58,328. 8 grains of distilled water at maximum
density. In Great Britain its capacity is 277.27 cu. in.
G., Miniature, in water testing, a name given to 70
c.c.

Gallop Rhythm (gal'-up rithm). A peculiar form of
cardiac arrhythmia, in which the sounds resemble the
footfall of a horse in cantering. It is expressed by the
words " rat-ta-tat." It is most frequently heard in
interstitial nephritis and arterio-sclerosis. It is said
to be met with also in healthy persons.

Galloping Consumption, '"he popular term for that
very rapidly fatal form of pulmonary tuberculosis, in
which there is rapid destruction of the lung-tissue on
both sides. It is also called Florid Phthisis. G.
Paresis, rapidly progressive general paralysis.

Galton's Whistle. An instrument used for testing the
pen eption of high tones by the ear.

Galvanic ( al-van'-ik) [Galvani, an Italian physician
and scientist]. Pertaining to galvanic or chemii elei
trii ity. G. Battery. See Battery. G. Belt, a belt
composed of alternate plates oi copper and zinc, sepa
■ I by piei es ol fell moistened with a dilute a< id. It
i- designed to be worn around the waist for the con-
tinuous application of gai vanUm. G. Cautery. See
Cautery. G. Discs, discs of two dissimilar metals
arranged alternately, between which a communication
is established when moistened and placed on the skin.

GALVANISM

50]

GANGLION

G. Poultice, minute pieces of zinc and copper
wrapped in cotton-wool, each pair separated by flan
nel, all inclosed in a bag, one side of which is made
of rubber-cloth and the oilier of cotton. The cotton
side is placed next the skin, perspiration exi iting gal-
vanic action.

Galvanism i gal' -van-iziri) [Galvani,a.n Italian physi
cian and scientist]. Primary dynamic 01 i urrent clec-
tricity.

Galvanization (gal-van-iz-a'-sAun) [Galvani, aa Ital-
ian physician]. The transmission of a current of low
electro-motive force through any part of tin- body for
the purpose of diagnosticating or curing disease. G.,
Central, a variety <>f general galvanization in which
the kathode is placed in the epigastrium and the
anode is moved over the body. G., General, galvan-
ization of the entire body.

Galvano- | tral-van'-o-) [Galvani, an Italian physician].
A prefix denoting connection with chemic or current
electricity. G. -caustic Amputation, an amputation
in which the soft parts are divided with the galvanic-
cautery loop, the bone being sawn through. G. -cau-
terization, the application of the galvanic cautery.
G. -cautery. See Cautery. G. -contractility, mus-
cular contraction produced by the galvanic current.
G.-emesis, the production of vomiting by galvanism.
G. -faradization, the simultaneous excitation of a
nerve or muscle by both a voltaic and a faradic cur-
rent. G. -hypnotism, a hypnotic state induced by
an electric current. G. -magnetism, same as Electro-
magnetism. G. -puncture, the introduction of fine
needles, that complete an electric circuit, into the
skin or other tissue. Also, a form of galvano-cauterv
employing a current of the necessary electro-motive
force to heat the needles to whiteness. G. -therapeu-
tics. See Electro-therapeutics.

Galvanometer {gal-van-om' -ct-cr) \_Galvani, an Ital-
ian physician ; /uirpov, a measure]. An instrument
used for the qualitative determination of the presence
of an electric current.

Galvanoscope [gal-van' '-o-skop) \Galvani, an Italian
physician ; okokeIv, to view]. An instrument for de-
tecting the direction and presence of a galvanic cur-
rent.

Galvanoscopy ( gal-van- os/ -ko-pe) [Galvani, an Italian
physician ; gkotveIv, to examine]. The use of the
galvanoscope.

Galvanotonus (gal-vah-ot' '-on-us) \_Galvani, an Italian
physician; rovor, tension]. I. Same as Electrotonus.
2. The " closing tetanus." The continued tetanus
of a muscle between the make and break contraction.

Galvanotropism {gal-van-ot' '-ro-pizm) [after Galvani;
TpeTreiv, to turn round]. In biology, the turning
movements of growing organs under the influence of
a current of electricity.

Gambir, Gambier i ^r/w/v/') [Malayan]. A kind of
catechu produced from the leaves and shoots of Un-
carta gambir, a rubiaceous plant of the Malayan
region. It has the general properties of official cate-
chu. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. I'nof.

Gamboge (gam-bozk'Y See Cambogia and Pigments.

Game Leg {gam'-leg). A popular term for a lame leg.

Gamenomania {gam-en-o-ma' -ne-aK) . See Gamoma-
>i in.

Gametangium {gam-et-an'-je-uni) [ya/iirr/, wife;
etov, a vessel]. In biology, a cell or organ produc
ingor containing sexual elements, or gametes.

Gamete (gam/-et) [ya/xeiv, to marry]. In biology, any
sexual reproductive body.

Gametophyte ( gamf -et-o-fl(\ [;■«<'■'",. a wife/ yafieTr/c,
a husband ; (pvrdv, a plant]. In biology, the sexual
form of such plants as exhibit alternate generation.

Gamgee Tissue |. Absorbent cotton-wool.

Gamic [gam'-ik) [yd/iog, marriage]. In biology, <xual.

Gammacism (gam'-as-izm) [gammacismus ; ya/i/in,
the letter G]. Difficulty in pronouncing any guttural
consonant ; guttural stammering.

Gamogastrous [gam-o-gas/-trus) [ydfiog, marriage;
yaeriip, tin- womb]. In biology, applird to a i
pound pistil in which the ovaries only are united.

Gamogenesis (gam-o-jen'-es-is) [yd/toc, marriage;
y&veaig, origin]. Nxual reproduction.

Gamogenetic {gam-o-jen-et'-ik) [yd/tog, marriage;
, origin]. Relating to gamogenesis.

Gamomania \gam-o-ma' -ne-ali) [yduog, marriage;
fiavia, mania]. Insane desire of marriage.

Gamomorphism i gam o-mort-jizm) [ <j< • , marriage;
floppy, form]. Puberty; sexual maturity.

Gamopetalous [gam-o-pet'-al-us) [ydfiog, marriage;
■Ktra'/,ov, a leaf ]. In biology, sympetalous; having
the petals more or less united.

Gamophyllous {gam-O'Jii' [yniior, marria.

ui/'/'ii-. a leaf]. In biology, symphyllous ; having
the floral envelops united into a single perianth-whorl.

Gangliac, Ganglial, Gangliar [gang/-gle-ak,gang/ -le-
al, gang'-lc-ar). Same as Ganglioni .

Gangliasthenia ( gang' -gle-as-thef -ne-ah) [yuyy/tov,
ganglion ; aadkveia, weakness]. Ganglionic asthenia ;
neurasthenia due to defect of ganglionic function.

Gangliform {gang'-glif-orm} [ydyyfaov, ganglion;
forma, form]. Formed like, or having the nature
of, a ganglion.

Gangliitis ( gang-gle-i'-tis) [yayy/tnv, a ganglion ; inq,
inflammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion.

Gangliocytin [gang-gle-o-si/-lin) \ydyykuov, nucleus;
i.i -in-, cell]. Same as CytophosphatiJ.

Ganglioma (gang-gle-o'-mak) \ydyyXu>v, ganglion;
iiim, a tumor://., Gangliotnatd\. A tumor or enlarge-
ment of a lymphatic ganglion.

Ganglion {gang* -gle-ori) \ydyyhav, a knot : //. , G
lid\. I. A separate and semi-independent nervous
center communicating with other ganglia or nei
with the central nervous system, and peripheral organ-.

2. An enlarged bursa in connection with a tendon.

3. A lymphatic gland. G. -capsule, the envelop of
a ganglion containing the ganglion-cells or nerve-cells.
G.-cell, any one of the nerve-cells characteristic of

Mn.Tiroi.AR Ganglion-cki.l.
a. Axis-cylinder process, b. Pigment

the ganglia, whether found in a ganglion or not. G.-
corpuscle, a ganglion-cell. G. -globule, a ganglion-

GANGLIA

G W'.l 1 A

the prii is

iiul distribu-
Ganglia, Basal, the ganglia al tin- ba»

the brain, comprising the corpora striata (caudate
and lenticular nuclei), thai ami, and corpora quadri-
gemina.

I\BLE OF GANGLIA.

Roots.

Distribution.

\ im.

•.in- termination of

■

i ranglionic chain.

Organ of hearing.

-

tubercle of the thala-

ral minute ganglia situated in

Sympathetic.

Sympathetic.

'.

Aur:

mpat

At ' rebrum; they include:
cor|>ora striata, thalami, corpora
geniculata, corpora quadrigemina,
niger, nuclei tegmenti

' ~>/>tic, basal.

In the auricular septum of the frog's

heart.

Sympathetic.

Heart.

In the auricular septum of the frog's
heart.

1 tin ination of the cardiac branches
of the vagus.

Heart.

Above the root of one of the Upper
im isor teeth, at the point <>t" commu-
nication between the posterior nasal
' his ganglion and the
anterior dental nerve.

Dental nerves.

Dental nerves.

bial.

In Mollusca, near the branchia.

Ganglionic chain.

Branchia.

Bnc<

hi Mollusca, at the point of union of
the esophagus with the buccal mass.

Cerebral ganglia.

Nerves to the month
and alimentary canal.

tperior.

rior (Wris-

till the arch of the aorta

Superficial cardiac plexus.

Cardiac plexus.

In the lower part of the cavernous
neath the carotid artery.

Filaments from the carotid plexus.

Carotid plexus.

irtion of the carotid canal.

Carotid plexus.

F i 1 am e n ts to the
carotid artery.

nal.

i

Upper portion of the carotid canal.

Carotid plexus.

F i 1 a in e n t s to the
carotid artery.

' ian.

'

Splenic plexus.

1'ilaments to the
spleen.

milunar ^an^ion (q. v,).
In fi ,.]jac

Idle

I lepatic plexus. Filaments to the liver.

lunar jraiiRlion (a. v.).

1

thi head Thev

in 1 '.; m ■ ■ il

•

tin.

To the head

GANGLIA 503 GANGLIA

I ABLE 01 GANGLIA.— Continued.

Name.

1 1 'CATION.

Roots.

DlSTRIBin II

Cerebral, anterior.

A name for the corpus striatum.

Cervical, first.

See Cervical, superior.

Cervical, great.

See Cervical,

Cervical, inferior.

Between the neck of the first nl>. and
the trau '.I. process of the last
cervical vei tebra.

Three lower cervical, first dorsal.

Cardiac nerves and
plexus, etc.

Cervical, lower.

See ( i rvu al, inferior.

Cervical, middle or thy-
roid.

Opposite the fifth cervical vertebra; Fifth and sixth cervical nerves,
near the inferior thyroid artery. spinal nerves and ganglia

Thyroid gland, cardiac
nerve, cavernous

MIS.

Cervical, oval.

See Cervical, superior .

Cervical (of vagus nerve).

See Inferior (of vagus).

Cervical, second.

See Cervical, middle.

Cervical, stellate.

See Cervical, middle.

Cervical, superior.

Opposite the second and third cervical
vertebra.

I- <>ur upper cervical, petrosal, vagus,

glossopharyngeal, and liyj
sal nerves.

Superior, inferior, ex-
ternal, internal
branches ; carotid and
cavernous plexuses.

Cervical, third.

See Cervical, inferior.

Cervical, upper.

See Cervical, superior.

Cervical (of uterus).

Near the cervix uteri.

Filaments from the hypogastri<
plexus, sacral ganglia, and sacral
nerves.

Uterine nerves.

Of the chorda tympani.

In Invertebrata, above the Glaserian

fissure.

Chorda tympani nerve.

Chorda tympani.

Ciliary. j See Ophthalmic.

Of the circumflex nerve.

On the branch of the circumflex nerve.

Circumflex nerve.

Filaments to teres
minor, deltoid, and
fascia.

Of Cloquet.

Incisor foramen. Xaso-palatine nerves.

Xaso-palatine nen

Coccygeal.

See Impar.

Cochlear.

See Spiral.

Corti's.

See Spiral.

Cranio-cervical.

See Cervical, superior.

Diaphragmatic.

See Phrenic.

Ehrenritter's.

See fug u la r.

Ext raven tricular.

A name for the lenticular nucleus

Facial.

See Geniculate.

Of Frankenhauser.

See Cervical, uterine.

Frontal.

In Invertebrata, the ganglion from Ganglionic chain,
which arises the pharyngeal nerve.

Pharyngeal nerve

Fusiform.

See Cervical, superior.

Gasser's (A. P.)

See Gasserian.

Gasserian, or semilunar.

Fossa on the anterior part of the Fifth cranial nerve, carotid plexus,
petrosa, near the apex.

Ophthalmic, superior
and inferior maxillary
nerves.

Geniculate.

Aqueduct of Fallopius. Large and small superficial petro-
sal.

Facial.

Great.

See Cardiac, superior.

Of the hahenula.

A ganglion situated in the trigonum
habenulae near the thalamus.

Hepatic.

Around the hepatic artery.

■ tic branches of the semilunar
ganglion.

Liver.

i, VNG1 I.\ :.ni GANGLIA

I ABLE i 'i GANGLIA.— Continued.

N IMK

.

ir the hippocampal

t, uniting the two sympathetic

Roots.

Distribution.

Sympathetic.

Sympathetic.

Infra

Interosseous.
. crtebral.

. ai foramen.

In .</ neath the c

• i teeth.

isl molar t.>"ih

glossal and cervical nerves Vagus.
and various plexuses.

iphagus. < ranglionic chain.

Foot.

Inferior maxillary nerve.

Interior maxillary in i \ e.

■

:'is).
J in nuin-

Bifurcation of the common carotid Carotid plexus.

The gray matter ol" the interoptic

■ the wrist

Near the intervertebral foramen.

Upper part of the jugular foramen.

Jugular foramen.

Interosseous nerve.

Spinal cord.

Glossopharyngeal.

Vagus.

Surrounding the subclavian artery.

Lenticular.

See Ophthalmic.

Lingual.

See Submaxillary.

Ludw

Right auricle of the heart.

Lumbar (4 or 5).

On each side and behind the abdom-
inal aorta.

'.!•> tympanic.

See Otic.

kcl's.

er's.

cleric, in:

See Spheno-palatine.

See Spheno-palatine.

tinal

-iiiin osa.

The inferior mesenteric artery.

teral.

■ teric, su|

'

ile of the l'"ilv.

Near the origin of the superior mes-
enteric artery

See Optic, basal.

See Jugular and Prostatic.

See MeckeT s.

mbar.

Ophthalmic.

See Renal.

Junction of the branches of the lum-
bar and spermatii nei 1

Branches of the inferior cervical
ganglion.

Cardiac plexus.

Sympathetic.

Sympathetic

Inferior mesenteric plexus.

Superior mesenteric plexus.

Superior mesenteric plexus.

Lumbar and spermatic nerves.

Posterior part of the orbit.

See Ophthalmic.

.

Beneath the third ventricle, near the

"I'tn ti 1

See Optic, basal.

See Ophthalmic.

Below the foramen ovale.

Filaments to the teeth.
Filaments to the teeth.

Sympathetic.

Nerves to the carpus.

Dorsal root of spinal
nerve.

Continuation of the
glossopharyngeal.

Vagus.

Subclavian artery.

Cardiac plexus.

Sympathetic.

Sympathetic.

Mesentery and intes-
tine.

Mesentery and bowel.
Sympathetic.

Kidney and lumbar re-
gion.

Nasal branch of the ophthalmic, Short ciliary,
third, cavernous plexus, and
Meckel's ganglion.

Gray matter of the cerebrum.

Inferior maxillary, auriculotempor-
al, glossopharyngeal, facial, sym-
pathetic, and internal pterygoid.

Optic trad

Tensor tvmpani, ten-
sor p a 1 a t i , chorda
tvmpani.

GANGLIA 505 GANGLIA

TABLE OP GANGLIA.— Continu

Name.

Location.

Roots.

DlSTRIB

Pedal.

See Infra-esopha^eal.

Petrosal.

See Petrous.

Petrous (Andersch's;.

Petrous portion of the temporal bone,
lowei bordei .

Glosso-pharyngeal.

1 ympanic, sympathet-
ic! \ agus.

Pharyngeal.

Near ascending pharyngeal artery.

1 larotid plexus.
Carotid plexus.

Carotid plexus

Pharyngeal, soft.

On the lingual artery, near the
phai > ngeal ganglion.

Lingual plexus.

Phrenic.

Under the diaphragm at the junction
of the right phrenic nerve and

phrenic plexus.

Sympathetic.

1 1 1 the diaphragm, in-
fei ior vena cava, su-
pra-renal capsule,
hepatic plexus.

Phrenic, major.

Point of union of the phrenic nerves
with the spinal and sympathetic sys-
tems.

Phrenic, spinal, and sympathetic.

Filaments to the dia-
phragm.

Phrenic, secondary.-

Near the diaphragm.

Anterior, superior, transverse
plexus.

Filaments to the dia-
phragm.

Phrenico-hepatic.

Lower surface of the diaphragm.

The phrenic plexus.

Filaments to the dia-
phragm and liver.

Plexiform.

See Gasserian.

Pneumogastric.

See Vagus.

Of the portio dura.

See Geniculate.

Post-esophageal.

In insects, around the gullet.

Cephalic ganglia.

Nerves to the mouth.

Postoptic.

See Optic, basal.

Pre-e;ophageal.

See Cephalic.

Prostatic (of Miiller).

On the prostate.

Prostatic plexus.

Filaments to seminal
vesicles and caver-
nous tissue of penis.

Pterygo-palatine.

See Meckel 's.

Remak's.

Tissue of the heart, near the superior
vena cava.

Sympathetic.

Sympathetic.

Renal.

Around the renal artery.

Renal plexus.

Renal artery

Renal, anterior communi-
cating.

In front of the renal artery.

Renal plexus.

Kidney.

Renal, left aortic.

Point of origin of the renal artery.

Renal plexus.

Kidney.

Renal, posterior communi-
cating.

Behind the renal artery.

Renal plexus.

Kidney.

Reticulate.

Medulla oblongata.

The gray matter scattered through
the medulla.

Rhinic.

See Meeker s.

Of Ribes.

Anterior communicating artery of the
brain. (It is the upper termination
of the sympathetic.)

Branches from the two superior
ganglia.

Sympathetic.

Sacral (4 or 5).

Ventral surface of the sacrum.

Sympathetic.

Sympathetic.

Sacral, accessory (4).

Along the middle sacral artery.

Sympathetic.

Middle sacral artery.

Scarpa's.

Near the internal auditory meatus, at
the point of junction of the facial
nerve and the vestibular branch of
the auditory nerve.

Facial and auditory nerves.

Internal ear.

Schacher's.

See Ophthalmic.

Schmiedel's.

In the carotid plexus.

Fifth nerve, third branch.

Sympathetic.

Semilunar (2, ris;ht and
left).

Near the supra-renal bodies, in front
of the crura of the diaphragm.

Solar plexus and great splanchnic
nerves.

Solar plexus.

Semilunar.

See Gasserian.

Solar.

See Semilunar.

GANGLIA 506 GANGLIA

1 \l;l i \.NGLIA— Continued.

Nv

Roots. Distribution.

malic .iru-ix . near the
Intel minal ring

rtery.

formed l>\ the inferior

. us.

■rs.

Sj mpathetic.

Cord and testicle.

-

S\ mpathetic.
Renal plexus.

Sj mpathetii

Spermatic artery and
kidm \

S

E

no-maxill ■< . near the
palaliue foramen.

Superior maxillary, facial, sympa-
thetic.

Anterior, posterior, and
external palatine, na-
so-palatine, superior
nasal, Vidian, pharyn-
geal.

tl. .

tin- modiolus

Cochlear nerve.

Filaments to the os-
st -oils lamina and to
the organ of Corti.

-

-

•

The first thoracic (q v.).

In Mollusca, the upper surface of
the stomach.

Sympathetic.

Sympathetic.

S

• bhageal.

See Meissner's.

J.U.\\

See Submaxillary.

Submandibular.

See Submaxillary.

Above the submaxillary gland.

Submaxillary.

Gustatory, chorda tympani, sub-
maxillary, sympathetic.

Mouth, submaxillary
gland, and Wharton's
duct.

■

See Jugular.

Jugular foramen.

Superior cervical and petrous gan- ! Vagus,
glia, and spinal accessory.

phageal.

In Mollusca, above the esophagus.

Ganglionic chain.

Esophagus

ry.

Above the canine tooth.

Anterior superior dental nerve.

Anterior superior den-
tal nerve.

Supra-renal.

Junction of the great splanchnic
nerves

Solar plexus.

Supra-renal plexus.

iral.

rnal carotid artery, near the
parotid gland.

Superior cervical ganglion and
carotid plexus.

Temporal region.

Between the transverse processes of
the vertebra- and the heads of the
ribs

Sympathetic.

Splanchnic nerves and
branches to spinal
nerves and plexuses

Thy:

See Cervical, middle.

See Cervical, superior.

See Semilunar.

Canal between the lower surface of
the petrosa and the tympanum.

Tympanic branch of the glosso-
pharyngeal.

Tympanum.

ttimk

Below the jugular foramen.

Vagus.

Vagus.

'

• of the second bicuspid,
in in .ii ol the middle and
dental nerves.

r's.

Posterior and middle dental nerves.

Filaments to the teeth.

'

See Cervical, inferior.

\

■-at wall of the vagina.

Vesico-vaginal plexus.

Sympathetic.

ilar.

tllopius.

n culate ganglion.

Vestibular nerve.

'

i •ac.

ganglionic

507

GAS

Ganglionic (gang-gle-on' '-ik) [yayyXtov, a ganglion].

Pertaining to or of the nature of a ganglion. G.
Centers, masses of gray matter of the br tin lying be-
tween the floor of the lateral ventricles and the decus-
sation of the anterior pyramids "I the cord. They
include the optic thalami, corpora striata, and others.

Ganglionitis (gang-gle-on-i'-tis). See Gangliitis.

Gangliopathy (gang-gle-opf -ath-e) \ydyyktiov, a gan-
glion; jrdflof, disease] . Any disorder dependent upon
a diseased condition ol a ganglion; any diseased -tate
of a ganglion.

Gangraena | re'-nah) [L.]. Gangrene. G

contagiosa. See Gangrene, Hospital. G. noso-
comialis. See Gangrene, Hospital, G. oris.
Stomatitis.

Gangraenosis (gang-gre-no' '-sis). See Gangrenosis.

Gangrene ( gang/-gren) [ydyypaiva, a sore, from ypaiv-
eiv, to gnaw]. Mortification or death "I a part of the
body from failure in nutrition. The putrefactive fer-
mentation of a dead limb or tissue. G., Circular, a
form of mortification occurring usually on some part
of the lower extremity, and not exceeding in size a
silver half dollar. It involves the skin and subcuta-
neous tissues and is accompanied by signs of
exhaustion. G., Constitutional, that dependent upon
systemic disease, such as diabetes, or circulatory dis-
ease. G., Diabetic. See Spkaceloderma. G., Dry,
shriveling and desiccation from insufficiency of blood.
G., Embolic, that caused by an embolus that cuts off
the supply of blood. G., Hospital, a contagious form
arising under crowded conditions without antiseptic pre-
cautions. G., Moist, a form with abundance of serous
exudation and rapid decomposition. G., Nosocomial,
In tspital gangrene. G., Primary, that without preceding
inflammation of the part. G., Pulpy. See G., Hos-
pital. G., Secondary, a form with preceding inflamma-
tion. G., Senile, that attacking the extremities of the
aged. G., Symmetric, that attacking corresponding
parts of opposite sides. It is called, also, Raynaud's
G. See, also, Spkaceloderma. G., White, a moist
gangrene of chronic form, in which there is a serous
exudate with lymphatic obstruction, followed by com-
plete anemia. It is unaccompanied by the characteristic
color-change of other varieties of gangrene.

Gangrenopsis (gang-gren-op1 '-sis) [ydyypaiva, gan-
grene; dipec, the face]. Synonym of Cancrttm oris.

Gangrenosis (gang-gren-of-sis)\yayypaivat gangrene;
voaoQ, disease]. The condition of being or of becom-
ing mortified or gangrenous.

Gangrenous (gang' -gren-us) [ydyypaiva, gangrene].
Pertaining to or being of the nature of gangrene. G.
Emphysema. See Edema, Malignant.

Ganja (gan'-jah) [Hind.]. Synonym of Cannabis in-
die a.

Gannal's Solution. A preservative fluid containing
one part of aluminum acetate in 20 parts of water.

Ganoin (gan'-o-in) [ydvoc, brightness]. In biology,
the dense enamel-like form of bone of the plates of
a ganoid tish.

Gant's Line. See Lines, Table of.

Gantelet (gant'-let). See Gauntlet.

Gape [gap, or gap) [yAK., gapen, to yawn]. To yawn ;
the act of yawning.

Gapes (gaps) [ME. , gapen, to gape]. A disease of
young fowls, caused by the presence of a nematode
worm, Syngamus trachealis, in the trachea. See
Parasites, (Animal) Table of .

Gaping (gap'-ing). See Pandiculation and Yawning.

Gaps, Cranial (gape) [ME., gapen, to gape]. Certain
occasional congenital fissures of the skull.

Garancin | gw an'-sin) [origin unknown]. The product
obtained by the action of concentrated H2SU4 on pul-

verized madder, at a temperature of ioo° C. (212° F.).
It is a valuable dye. See Pigments Conspectus op.
Garbage (gar' -baj) [ME., garbage, the entrails of
fowls]. The refuse materials of kitchen-cookery, etc.
G. and Waste. See Sewage, Disposal of. G.-cart,
Flannagan Automatic, a variety of cart much u
for the collection of garbage. G. -furnace, a fur-
nai e in use in c iii'- and towns to consume the waste
material of the pla< e.

Garbling (gar'-bling) [' >\ . arbeler, to sift],
assorting ol a drug and its separation into k>
different quality.

Garcinia (gar <tu' e-ah) [after Laurent Garcin, a French
botanist]. A genus of guttiferous trees of Old-world
tropical regions. G. hanburii, G. morella. G. pic-
toria, and G. travancorica afford gamboge. G.
mangostana yields the palatable fruit called inango-
steen.

Garden Rocket. See Eruca saliva.

Garel, Sign of. See Signs and Symptoms, Table

Gargarism (gar* -gar-izm) [yapyapi{ . to gargle: //. ,
Gargarismata\ A gargle.

Garget (gar'-get) [ME . ■■ at, tin: throat], i. A
swelling of the throat in swine or cattle. 2. A hard,
knotty condition of tin- uddei in cows, that sometimes
follows calving, due to the sudden distention of the
bag with milk ; it is attended with inflammation. At
times it is tuberculous in nature. It is also called
'• Weed" and Mammitis. G.-root, a name improp-
erly given to the root of Phytolacca decandra 1 see
Phytolacca) ; so called because it is regarded as a cure
for garget in cows.

Gargle (gar'-gl ) [Fr. , gargouille, the throat]. I
rinse or wash the interior of the throat and upper part
of the pharynx. Also, a wash for the throat.

Gargling (gar'-gling) [Fr. , gargouille, the throat].
Rinsing the throat. G., von Troltsch's Method of,
the patient takes a mouthful of fluid, throws back the
head, and then, instead of making the customary
"gurgle," allows the liquid to pass as far down as
possible. The act of deglutition 1- then performed,
without, however, letting the fluid be -wallowed.

Garland (gar^-land). See Karyokin

Garlic (gar'-lik). See Allium.

Garnet-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Garretson's Bandage. See Bandage.

Garrod's Theory. The theory that gout is due to an
increase in the uric acid in the blood, either from in-
creased production or diminished elimination. The
alkalinity of the blood is also lessened ; hence the
urates are deposited in the tissues. G.'s Test.
Tests, Table of.

Garrot (gar'-ot) [Fr. , garotter, to bind]. An instru-
ment for compression of an artery by twisting a cir-
cular bandage about the part.

Garroting (gar'-ot-ing) [Sp., garrote, strangulation by
means of an iron collar]. In forensic medicine,
a term used in England to signify the forcible com-
pression of a victim .-.neck by robbers or criminals.

Garrulity (gar-oo/-lit-e) [garrire, to prattle]. Talka-
tiveness. G. of the Vulva. See Vulva.

Garrya (gar^-e-aA) [after Garry, a botanist]. Cali-
fornia fever-bush ; skunk-bush, or quinin-bush. The
leaves of G. fremontii, a bitter antiperiodic, popular
on the Pacific coast as a remedy for malarial diseases.
1 >ose of the fid. ext. rrrx-xxx. I not".

Garryin ( gar*- '-in) [Garry, a botanist]. An alkaloid
said to exist in the leaves of Garrya fremontii.

Gartner, Canals or Ducts of. See Canal.

Gas (gaz). Any substance that is normally aeriform.
Substances normally in a liquid or solid state are
usually called vapors when changed to the aeriform

GASK1 LL'S CI AMP

508

GASTROCEPHALITIS

condition. G. -black. - of.

G., Nitrous Oxid.

Gaskell's Clamp.

Gasolene nadol. A product ob-

tained it. .in petroleum, I >oc < ; s]

->oo to . lii- used

in the extraction of oils from oil-seeds and in cai

buret ti
Gasp [Ml yawn]. 1" catch for breath.

n mouth.
Gasser's Arteries. v G.'s Gang

lion. - G., Nerve of. See

Gasserian Arteries G. Gang-

lion.
Gaster itomach]. The stomach ;

tin o. G. basalis, the apical canal, pedun-

hydroid polyps. G.
buccalis, the esophagus of Medusae. G. centralis,
the central cavity of Medusae. G. coronaris, the
i ..i Medusae. G. principales. See Axo

Gasterangiemphraxis ( fas - ter- an-je- em -fraks' - is)
itomach; . vessel ; fy%>af to, obstruc-

tion], i on of the stomachic blood-vessels.

l'\ li i] ic obstruc tion.
Gasterasthenia u the,-ne-al£)\yaariip, stomach;

1, WCakness or debility of the

nil.

Gasterataxia ' -e-ah) ["/aarr//>, stomach;

disorder], Disordered state of the functions of
the stomach ; that state of the stomach-walls in which
ae parts are hardened or thickened, while others
are softened or inflamed.
Gasterechema • ter-ek-e'-mak) [yatmyp, stomach;
. sound], A sound heard in the auscultation of
•
Gasterectasis i fas-ter-ek' -fas-is) [yaarr'/p, stomach ;
. dilatation]. Dilatation of the stomach; it is
usually due to pyloric obstruction, but may also result
i muscular weakness, and from over-distention
from excessive eating and drinking.
Gastero- '-ter-o-) [, ielly]. See Gastro-.

Gasterotheca [gas-ter-o-tAe/-iaA) \yaorf}p, stomach;

rotheca~\ In biology, the part
the pupa or chrysalis-case that covers the abdomen.
Gasterozobid, Gastrozobid (gas-ter-o-zo'-oid, gas-tro-
imach; ii.mv. animal ; eif5oc,form].
In biology, one of the nutritive zooids of a polyp-
col
Gastraea .,, stomach ; pi., Gastraa\.

In 1 .11 ckel - term for a hypothetic, primeval,

twi alar organism ; the supposed ancestral

ol the present Metazoan.
Gastraenv.a \h). See Gastremia.

Gastral lomach]. Pertaining

•iric.
Gastralgia, Gastralgy xl'-je-ah, -je) [yaoriip,

, pain]. Pain in the stomach. A
»ia.
Gastrea I itomach]. In biol<

an animal the morphologic development of which

Gastrectas;.i See Gastrectasis.

Gastrectasi- stomach ;

ling out]. Dilatation of the stomach.
Gastrectomy ,, stomach;

' tion ol any diseased

Gastrelcobrosis ' itomach;

ling]. I li eration of the

Gastrelcosis ( gas-trd-k& '-ji [;<;<rr//p, stomach;

i/Mjmi', ulceration]. Ulceration of the stomach.

Gastremia (gas-trP-me-aA) [yaorfip, stomach; tuna,
blood]. ( ongestion of the coats of the stomach.

Gastrenteralgia {gas-tren-ter-al' -je-aA) [yaa-Hip, stom-
ach v, intestine; a/^oe, pain]. Neuralgia of
the stomach and bowels.

Gastrenteromalacia ( gas - tren - ter- o - mat -a'- se-ah)
\yaarfip, stomach ; evrepov, intestine; fiaXania, soften
ing]. Softening of the Stomach and intestines
serted by some to be merely a post-mortem condi-
tion).

Gastreum [gas^-tre-um) [yaorfip, stomach]. In biol-
Ogy, the under or ventral surface of a bird.

Gastric {^gas* -trik) \yaorfip, stomach]. Pertaining to
the stomach. G. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. G.
Crisis, a severe, paroxysmal attack of pain in the
stomach, accompanied by obstinate vomiting, faintness,
and occasionally by slowness and irregularity of the
pulse. These crises are met with in locomotor ataxia,
q. v. G. Digestion, that part of the digestion of food
performed by the gastric juice ; the conversion of albu-
minous bodies into peptones. G. Fever. See Fever.
G. Fistula, a perforation or communication other
than the normal one between the stomach and peri-
toneal cavity, or with the outer part of the body. G.
Follicles. See Glands, Peptic. G. Insufficiency,
a term applied to the early stages of dilatation of the
stomach. G. Juice, the normal secretion of the tubu-
lar, peptic glands of the stomach. It is a clear, colorless
liquid, having an acid reaction, and containing from .5
to 2 per cent, of solid matter in solution. A small amount
of hydrochloric acid, .2 to .4 per cent., and a ferment
called pepsin, are the essential elements. G. Plexus,
a subdivision of the solar plexus distributed to the
stomach. It joins branches of the left pneumogastric
nerve. See Plexus. G. Veins, two veins of the
stomach ; the lesser one is called the pyloric, the greater
the coronary. See Vein.

Gastricism [gas/-tris-izm) [yaoriip, stomach]. I. The
theory that ascribes most diseases to some gastric de-
rangement. 2. A gastric disorder.

Gastrimargia, or Gastrimargism (gas-trim-ar'-je-a/i,
or -Jizm) [yaori/p, belly; fidpyog, greedy]. Insane
or furious gluttony.

Gastritic [gas-trif '-ik) [yaorijp, stomach]. Pertaining
to or affected with gastritis.

Gastritis {gas-tri' -tis) [yaorr/p, stomach ; trig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the coats of the stomach.
It may be acute or chronic. G. polyposa, that form
associated with a rough, wrinkled, mammillated
condition of the gastric mucous membrane.

Gastro- {gas'-tro-) [}aarr/p, stomach]. A prefix de-
noting some relation with or complication of the
stomach.

Gastro-adenitis [gas/-tro-ad-en-i/-tis) \yaariip, stom-
ach; aSfp>, gland; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the glands of the stomach.

Gastro-arthritis [gas-tro-ar-thrif -tis) h aari/p, stomach ;
apdpov, a joint; trig, inflammation]. Gout in the
stomach and joints at the same time.

Gastrobrosis [gas-tro-brof-sis) [}<mTr/p, stomach; >/"■'
trig, a gnawing]. Perforating ulcer of the stomach.

Gastrocele (gas'-tro-sBl) [yaorfjp, stomach ; */,>//, her-
nia]. A hernia of the stomach.

Gastrocelus [gas-tro-se' -lus) [yaoTfip, stomach ; KolXng,
hollow]. In biology, applied to <>ne of the depres-
sion- at the base of the second abdominal tergita in
certain insects.

Gastrocephalitis [gas-tro rej al-if-tu)\yaaTiip, stomach;
1 .'//,, head ; irir, inflammation]. Concurrent in-
flammation of the stomach and of the brain.

GASTKOCHOI.IA

509

GASTR< I PERICARD] 1 I -

Gastrocholia ( gas-tro-ko' -le-ah ) \ycurrijp, stomach ;
X>>/>/, bile]. Concurrent gastric and bilious disorder.

Gastrocnemius {gas-trok nef-me us) [_yaar/,p, stomach ;
kvi/uji, leg]. See Muscles, Table of.

Gastrocolic {gas-tro-kol' '-ik) \yaartip, stomach j k&Xov,
the large intestine]. Pertaining to both the stomach
and the colon.

Gastrocolitis {gas-tro-ko-W -tis) [yaorqp, stomach;
Mi/in', colon ; inq, inflammation]. Concurrent inflam-
mation of the stomach and large intestine.

Gastrocolotomy {gas-tro-ko-loV '-o-tne) [yaaT^p, stom-
ach; k6Xov, colon; rifiveiv, to cut]. The establish-
ment of an artificial communication between the stom-
ach and the colon.

Gastrocolpotomy {gas-tro-kol-pof '-o-tne) [; aorfip, stom-
ach; koakoc, vagina ; rqiveiv, to cut] . The operation of
Cesarean section in which the opening is made through
the linea alba into the upper part of the vagina.

Gastrocystis (gas-tro-sis'-tis) [yaoryp, belly; k!otic,
bladder]. In biology, the singledayered blastodermic
vesicle of mammals.

Gastroderma ( gas-tro-der1 '-mah ) \yaoTfyp, stomach ;
Stpjia, skin]. In biology, the lamina gastralis, or
intestinal epithelium.

Gastrodialysis (gas-tro-di-alf-is-is) [yaari/p, stomach;
natc, a loosening]. A solution of continuity in the
gastric wall.

Gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di' -af-dn ) [yaori/p, stomach ;
did, through ; ifiaiveiv, to show]. See Gastrodiaphanv .

Gastrodiaphanoscopy ( gas' -tro-di-af-an-os' -ko-pe )
[yaarijp, stomach; Sid, through; tyaiveiv, to show;
ononelv, to inspect]. The examination of the stomach
by means of the diaphanoscope.

Gastrodiaphany( giis-tro-di-af -an-e)[yaarijp, stomach ;
Sid, through ; tjmiveiv, to show]. A method of ex-
ploration of the stomach by means of the gastrodia-
phane. This consists of a soft stomach-tube, at the
gastric extremity of which is placed an Edison's hard-
glass lamp, from which conducting wires, containing
a current-interrupter, run to a portable storage battel v.
The stomach should be free from food and moderately
distended with water. The gastric extremity of the
gastrodiaphane, after being lubricated with oil or gly-
cerin, is introduced into that viscus, and the circuit is
closed. If no pronounced thickening of the anterior
stomach wall exists, trans-illumination in a dark room,
with the patient erect, permits the outlines of the
stomach to be seen as a zone of reddish hue on the
abdominal wall.

Gastrodidymus ( gas-tro-did' -im-us) \_yanrr/p, stomach;
SiSvfioc, double]. A double monstrosity with one ab-
dominal cavity.

Gastrodu»denal (gas-tro-du-o-de' -nal) [yaari/p, stom-
ach ; duodeni, twelve each]. Pertaining to the stom-
ach and the duodenum.

Gastroduodenitis (gas-tro-du-od-en-i'-tis) \yaorfip,
stomach ; duodeni, twelve each ; inq, inflammation].
Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum.

Gastroduodenostomy ( gas' 'tro-du-od-en-cs' '-to-me )
[}acnv/fj, stomach ; duodeni, twelve each ; ardfin,
mouth]. A surgical operation upon the stomach and
the duodenum, in which a new passage from the one to
the other is established.

Gastrodynia (gas-tro-din'-e-ah) [yaorTjp, stomach ;
bSinn), pain]. A mild pain in the stomach. See also
Gastralqia.

Gastroectasis (gas-tro-ek'-tas-is). Same as Gastrec-
tasis.

Gastro-electrization (gas-tro-e-tek-triz-a' '-shuti) [; aci-
t/'/i>, stomach ; i/Arnrpnr, amber]. The therapeutic ap-
plication of electricity to the stomach.

Gastroelytrotomy (gas-tro-el-it-roi' -o-tne) [;«<

stomach; IXvrpov, .> sheath; roui/, a cutting]. A
method ofperforming * 'esarean set ti< >n. An incision is
made into the vagina (after the abdominal section i, in-
stead ot into the uterus, and if the child canno
tracted in this way, an ini ision is made into the OS uteri.

Gastroenteralgia -h\ \yao\

stomach; hrrepov, bowel , pain]. Concurrent

p. tin in tin stomach and bowels.

Gastroenteric | n-ter'-ik) Yyaorfjp, stomach;

tirrepov, bowel]. Pertaining to both stomach and

bowels.
Gastroenteritis {gas-tro-en-ter-i' -tis) \yaariip, stom-
ach; hrrepov, bowel; trig, inflammation]. < oncurrenl
inflammation oi stomach and bowels.

Gastroenterostomy ( ^as-tro-en-ter-o

stoma li ; 1 1 repoi . bowel ; ardpa, mouth]. Formation
ot a 1 1st ul on, communication between thi st mach and
the small intestine in obstruction of the pylorus.

Gastroenterotomy [gas-tro- n r-of '-o-tne) \yaa
stomach; tvrepov, bowel ; riftveiv,to cut]. Intestinal
incision through the abdominal wall.

Gastroepiploic {gas-tro-ep-ip-lo* -ik) [yaariip, stomach;
rrXoov, caul]. Pertaining to stomach and omentum.

Gastro-esophageal (gas-tro-e-s [yam

stomach; olacxpdyog, the esophagus]. Pertaining to
both the stomach and the esophagus

Gastrofaradization i fas' '-/ro-far-ad-iz-a' '-shun) [/aff-
rijp, stomach; Faraday"]. The application of farad-
ism to the stomach.

Gastrogalvanization I fas' tro - ;-<//- van - iz-a' - shun)
[yourf/p, stomach; Galvani"\. The application of
galvanism to the stomach.

Gastrohepatic (gas-tro-he-pat'-ik) [yao-Hjp, .-tomach ;
>,~ap, the liver]. Relating to both stomach and liver.

Gastro hysterectomy ( gas'-tro-liis-ter - ek' -to-me)
\yaarrjp, the stomach; varipa, the womb; eicropi/,
a cutting out]. The Porro-Cesarean operation.
Operations, fable of.

Gastrohysterotomy [gas-tro-his-ter-of '-o-tne) \yaart
stomach; varipa, womb; ripveiv, to cut]. 1 he
Cesarean section, q. v.

Gastrolith {gas' -tro-lith) [;aor//p, stomach; TaBog, a
stone]. A calcareous formation in the stomach ; gas-
tric calculus ; bezoar.

Gastrolithiasis (gas-tro-Uth-i' -as-is) \jaazijp, stomach;
/iftiaaiq, the formation of calculi]. A morbid con-
dition associated with the formation of gastroliths.

Gastrology (gas-troP-o-je) [ynar^p, stomach; '/.6yoq,
science]. A treatise on the stomach and its functi

Gastromalacia {gas-tro-tnal-a'-se-ah) [, " -tom-
ach ; fia/.aKta, softening]. An abnormal softening of
the structural tissue of the stomach ; it is generally be-
lieved to be due to post-mortem acidity.

Gastromelus (gas-trow' -el-us) [yaorf]p, stomach; /
limb]. A monster with accessory limbs attached to
the abdomen.

Gastromenia (gas-tro-me,-ne-ah)\j acrr,<. -tomach ; uiyv,
month]. Vicarious menstruation by the stomach.

Gastrometritis [gas-tro-nu-trV-tis) [ n -tomach;
urjrpa, womb; trig, inflammation]. Gastritis con-
current with metritis.

Gastromycetes (gas-tro-tni-se'-te;) [yam ■ stomach;
into/c, mushroom]. A group of fungi, the spores of
which are enclosed in a cavity or pouch.

Gastropancreatic (gas-tro-pan-l-n-at' [yaai

stomach; irdyxpeag, pancreas]. Both gastric and
pancreatic.

Gastropathy (gas-trop' -ath-e) [yanri/p, stomach ; nnfioq,
disease]. Any disease or disorder of the stomach.

Gastro-pericarditis [gas-tro-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [}aff-i;p.
stomach ; irepi, around; mipfiia. heart : mg, inflam-
mation]. Gastritis concurrent with pericarditis.

GASTROPERIODYNIA

510

GAZEOL

Gastroperiodynia

mach ; t period ; . pain]. Periodic

stralgia.
Gastrophrenic tomach;

iaphragmj. Relating to both stomach and dia
phragm.
Gastroplegia stomach;

croke]. Paralysis of the stomach.
Gastropore stomach ; -

re] In biology, the mouth-opening of a gaster-

Gastroptosis i, stomach : irr

fall] t downward displacement <>l the

h.

Gastro-pylorectomy r-ekf-to-me) [yaorfip,

st, , i ; EKTOfiJ/, excision],

Surj ortionof the stomach.

Gastropyra tomach ;

tin.-]. Inflammation or phlegmasia of the stomal b
Gastrdrrhagia [yaorr/p, stomach;

sk forth]. See Hematemesis.
Gastrorrhaphy | a-ft | [;■ aoryp, stomach ; /

suture]. Suture of wounds of tin- abdominal wall or
tach.
Gastrorrhea i ^as-tror-e* '-ah) [yaarifp, stomach ; poia,
a flow]. I secretion, or regurgitant How, of

trie mucus or liquid.
Gastrorrhexis (gas-tror-eks'-is) [;a(rr///>, stomach;

iking]. Rupture of the stomach.
Gastroscope stomach ; oKorreiv,

An instrument for viewing the interior of the
It i'oiiM>ts essentially of a tube with an in-
ent electric light and reflecting prisms.
Gastroscopy {gas-tros'-ko-pe) [yaorijp, stomach;
. to see]. The inspection of the interior of the
mach by means of the gastroscope.
Gastrosis | [yaorqp, stomach; vdaog, dis-

)astroses\. A general term for any disease
the abdomen or of the stomach only.
Gastrosphongioma {gas-tro-sfon-je-o'-mah) [yaorqp,
•nach; it . sponge; bfia, tumor: //. , Gastro-

matd\. A fungosity of the stomach.
Gastrosplenic {gas-tro-splenr -ik) \yaaTrjp, stomach;
n]. Relating both to the stomach and
the -
Gastrosplenitis [gas-tro-splen-i'-tis) [. stomach;

. spleen; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation <>t
mach and spli
Gastrostege ' tro-stej) [yaorr/p, stomach, oreyr],

a roof]. In biology, one of the short, wide, trans-
or scales that cover the ventral surface of
.ike.
Gastrostenosis [gas-lro-ste-nt/sis) [yaorfp, stomach;
narrow]. A stricture or morbid contraction

of t I'll.

Gastrostomy ( gas-trosf -to-me) [yaori/p, stomach;
h] The establishing of a fistulous open-
i.ich.
Gastrosuccorrhea ( ///) [yaorf/p,

. a How]. Reichmann's
disease; hj tion of the gastric juice.

Gastrothoracic [yaarr/p, belly ;

thorax]. Pertaining both to I mi n and

Gastrotome imach; 7-////,,

A cutting instrument used in gastrotomy.
Gastrotomy |

it]. In i the abdomen or I ach.

Gastrotrichous

.-. hair]. In biology, having the ventral surfai
the liated.

Gastro-typhoid {gas'-iro-ti'-foid) | stomach;

smoke]. Typhoid fever with pronounced gas-
tric symptoms.
Gastrovascular (gas-tro-vas/-hu-lar)[yaoT^p, stomal li ;
ulum, a little vessel]. Common to the functions

of digestion and circulation, as the body-cavity of
si rone animals.

Gastroxia Igas-troks* '-e-ah) [yaori/p, stomach; bgvg,
acid]. Abnormal acidity of the contents of the
stomach.

Gastroxynsis lgas-troks-inf-sis) [yaorfip, stomach;
bi-vvetv, to irritate]. Rossbach's term for hyperchlor
hydria ; a periodic form of nervous dyspepsia with
hyperacidity of the gastric juice. It is, in fact, a
neurosis of secretion that maybe quite independent of
the time of digestion. It is a rare condition, and is
associated either with profound neurasthenia or with
locomotor ataxia. It is marked by a gnawing, un-
pleasant sensation in the stomach, severe headache,
and the vomiting of a clear, watery, intensely acid se-
cretion.

Gastrula [gas'-tru-lah) [ynori/jt. belly: />/. , Gastrula;].
In biology, a stage in the development of Metazoans,
in which the germ consists of a twodayered sac, pro-
duced by the invagination of the one-layered, hollow
germ-sphere, the blastula.

Gastrulation (gas-tru-la'-shun) [ynori//), belly]. In
biology, the process of formation of the gastrula by
the invagination of the blastula.

Gastruria [gas-tru/-re-ah) [yaorfip, stomach; aitpov,
urine]. A supposed passage of urine into the stomach.

Gate-vein (gat'-van). An old name for the portal vein.

Gathering Xgath'-er-ing) [ME., gadering, a gathering].
A popular name for an abscess, pustular inllammation,
or suppurating sore.

Gattine {gat-Ht') [F.]. A disease of the silk-worm.

Gaubius' Table. See Dose.

Gaule's Experiment. See Cytozoon.

Gaultheria ( ga;sl-thef-rc-afi) [after Dr. Gaidtier, a
Canadian physician]. Wintergreen, Teaberry. The
leaves of wintergreen, G. procumbens, an evergreen
plant, with properties due to a volatile oil, methyl
salicylate, which is also found in black birch and several
other plants. It is stimulant, astringent, and antipy
retic, and is used in rheumatism and gout, or when
salicylic acid is indicated. G., Ol., oil of winter-
green, much used as a flavor. Dose, TTLiij— x. G.,
Spt., oil of wintergreen 5, alcohol 95. Dose, ^ss-ij.
G. fragrans, of India, affords an identical oil.

Gaultherilene [gawl-ther' -il-en) [after Dr. Gaultier, a
Canadian physician], C10H,8. A peculiar hydro-
carbon found in the oil of gaultheria. It is a colorless,
yellow or reddish liquid, of a peculiar strong and aro-
matic odor, a sweetish, warm, and aromatic taste, a
slightly acid reaction, and a specific gravity of about
1. 180. It is readily soluble in alcohol.

Gaulthier's Reagent. See Tests, Table of.

Gauntlet [gahnf-let, or gawnP '-let) [OF '. , gantelet ', dim.
oigant, a glove]. A surgical bandage that covers the
hand and lingers like a glove. See Band

Gauze (gawz). A thin, open-meshed cloth used for
surgical dressings. When impregnated with antiseptic
solutions or substances it is called antiseptic gauze, or.
according to the substance used, it is spoken of as
iodoform-gauze, sublimate-gau <•, etc. See Carbasus.

Gavage (gav-ahzh') [Fr.]. 1. The regular feeding of
an infant with freshly drawn mother's milk, through a
small, soft catheter passed into the stomach at each
feeding. 2. The administration of liquid nourish-
ment through the stomach tube.

Gavard's Muscle. Sec Muscles, Table of.

Gay-Lussac's Laws. See Law.

Gazeol (gaz'-e-ol) [Yx.,gaziol\ A mixture of naph-

GEBER'S GLOMERULES 511

thalin, I part ; benzene, 10 parts; acetone, IO parts;

coal-tar, loo parts; aqua ammonix (20 per cenl
1000 parts ; it is recommended as affording a vapor
for inhalation in whoopi h.

Geber's Glomerules. The convolutions of the terminal
branches of the nerves supplying the epithelial lining
of the mouth.

Geddes' Fluid Extract. See Abies.

Geissler's Apparatus. An apparatus for estimating the
quantity of carbonic acid in a carbonate.

Geissospermin, or Geissin [gi-so-spe7-/-tnin, or
sin) [yeiaaov, cornice; airip/ia, seed], (.',,,1 l.J4X,< )., -+-
I !.,(). An alkaloid from the bark of Geissospermum
lave; it is a depressant of the respiration and of tin-
cardiac action.

Geissospermum ^gi-so-sper'-mum) [}nc;oov, cornice ;
OTvipua, seed]. A genus of apocynaceous trees. G.
laeve and G. vellosii, of Brazil, afford Pao-pereira
("pear-tree") bark, an active febrifuge and astrin-
gent. Unof.

Geitonogamy [gi-ton-og/-am-e) [ yeiruv, a neighbor;
ydfiog, marriage]. In biology, fertilization of one
flower by pollen from another flower of the same
plant.

Gelasma {jel-az1 '-mah) \_-.i{tac>ua, laughter], or Gelas-
mus (jel-az'-mus) [}e/.a<x-oc, laughable]. Insane or
hysteric laughter.

Gelatin ( ft I'-at-in) [gelare, to congeal]. An albumi-
noid substance of jelly-like consistence, obtained by
boiling skin, connective tissue, and bones of animals
in water. The glue of commerce is an impure variety.
See Glue. G.Bath. Sue Bath. G., Blasting. See
Blasting Gelatin. G. Capsules, capsules of gelatin
designed for containing medicines of nauseating taste.
G. Culture-medium, a jelly made by a solution of
the best commercial food-gelatin in the proportion of
6, 8, or 10 parts to loo of water, with I or 2 parts of
dried peptones or glucose (the latter not to be used if the
culture is to be made on slides) for increased nutri-
tive value. Bicarbonate of soda is used to neutralize
the acid reaction. This, in bacteriology, is simply
known as Gelatin. G. -dynamite. See Blasting
Gelatin. G., Liquid, a substance for fastening paper
to glass, wood, or paper; its formula is: —

Gelatin or clear glue, 75 to 100 grams (3X)

Commercial acetic acid (No. 8) iooc.c. (3.4c 3)

Water iooc.c. (3.4 fS)

95 per cent. Alcohol 100c c. I3.4 f 3)

Glycerin 15 to 30 c.c. (\i to 1 fS)

Crush the glue and put it into a bottle with the acid ;
set in a warm place and shake occasionally. After
three or more days add the other ingredients. G.,
Medicated, a soft basis consisting of gelatin 3, zinc
oxid 3, glycerin 5, water 9 parts, to which antiseptic
or other medicaments may be added. It is preferable to
greasy ointments. All unof. G. Sugar. See Glycin.

Gelatinigerous [jel-at-in-if'-er-us) [gelatina, gelatin ;
gerere, to bear]. In biology, applied to such organ-
isms as secrete a gelatinous investment.

Gelatinoid ( jel' '-at-in-oid ') [gelare, to freeze; eldoc,
likeness]. I. Resembling gelatin. 2. Any member
of a class of nitrogenous substances, including chon-
drin, collagen, elastin, gelatin, etc

Gelatinous {jet-af '-in-us) \_gelare, to freeze]. Resem-
bling or having the nature of gelatin. G. Tissue.
See Animal Tissue.

Gelatio {jel-af -she-o) [I-]. Synonym of Frostbite.

Gelation {jel-a' -shun) [gelatio, a freezing], 1. Freez-
ing; congelation; also frost-bite, or chilblain. 2.
< atalepsy.

Geld [ME. , gelden, to castrate]. To castrate; to emas-
culate.

GEMINOUS

Gelding (gel'-ding) [ME.., gelding, a eunuch]. 1. I

(ration. 2. A castrated person or animal.
Gelidium [iel-id* -e-um) [gelum, cold], A genu- of
seaweed. G. corneum, affords gelosin, and others,
as G. spiniform, supply some portion ol the agar ■:
of commerce.

Gelle's Experiment. A diminution of the bone-con-
duction of sound resulting from the
air in the external auditory canal.

Gellert's Green. Same as Rinmann's Gt

Gelose ( jet-fa'") [gelare, to freeze]. 1. The gelatiniz-
ing principle "i agar-agar. 2. A culture-medium
used in bacteriologic investigation. Gelatin liqu<
at 230 or 240 C, and 1- thus inferior to gelose !"i
those cultures that require a higher degree <.t In-.;'
their proper development Agar-agar contains a 1
siderable proportion of chemic gelose. < )( the agar-
agar a jelly is mai |. , 2 to 3 parts (to loo) of dried pep-
tone added; io to 15 pari "i this substance I
parts of water, with I to 5 of glycerin, form a nutri-
tive jelly which is called gelose, from its essential in-
gredient. It is also called Parabin.

Gelosin i j,i'-o-sin) [gelare, to freeze]. A mucilage
resembling gelose, and extracted from some kind- ol
agar- agar and from various species of algae. It 1- sol
uble in water and alcohol, and is an excellent excipient
lor powder-, tincture-, and salt-, ami is serviceable in
bacterial cultures. Unof.

Gelsemin {jelr -sem-in) [ vtinum, jasmine]. 1.

CjjH19N02, a poisonous .alkaloid from Gelsemium,
q. 7'. 2. A precipitate or resinoid from a tincture
of the root-bark of Gelsemium sempervirens ; it i- a
febrifuge, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, and nar-
cotic; dose 5 to 1 grain. Unof.

Gelseminin (jel-sem'-in-in) [gelseminum, jasmine].
An alkaloid of Gelsemium. It is an amorphous yel-
lowish-white, bitter, very poisonous powder, soluble
in ether and chloroform, less so in alcohol and water.
Dosegr. ^-^5-

Gelsemium (j'el-se/-me-um) [gelseminum, jasmine],
CnH19N02. Yellow Jasmine. The root of G. sem-
pervirens, abundant in the southern U. S., with prop-
erties mainly due to an alkaloid, gelsemin, a powerful
motor depressant, antispasmodic, and diaphoretic. In
toxic doses it produces diplopia, extreme muscular
weakness, and anesthesia, death occurring from
phyxia. It is useful in exaltation of nerve-action and
in cerebro-spinal meningitis, and is especially valuable
in remittent and malarial fevers. Dose gr. ij-xx. G.,
Ext., Alcoholic I'., l.i. Dose gr. %-%. G., Ext.,
Fid., alcoholic. Dose rt^ij-xx. G., Tinct., 15 per
cent, in strength. Dose n\x-^j. Gelseminin, the
alkaloid. Dose gr. ,',.-:„■ G., Hydrochloras,
freely soluble in wat gr. ^-jV G., Hydro-

chlorat., Liq., one grain in one dram. Dose mj-
iij, hypodermaticaUy.

Gely's Suture. See Suture.

Gemellus ( jem-el'-us) [dim. of geminus, twin]. Double.
In pairs. G. Muscle, the gastrocnemius muscle, on
account of its double origin. See Muscles, Table of.

Gemina f jem'-in-ah) [I... twins]. A name for the cor-
pora quadrigemina, or optic lobes. They constitute
the larger part of the mesoccelian roof.

Geminate {jem'-in-at) [geminus, a twin]. In pairs.
In biology, parts that are disposed in pan

Geminiflor'ous {jem-in-if-lo' -rus) [geminus, twin;
flos, flower]. In biology, applied to plants that pro-
duce flowers in pairs.

Geminous {jem' '-in-us) [geminus, a. twin]. Same as

minute. G. or Connate Teeth, twin-formation

of two teeth from the occurrence of a double dental

germ in a single sac, from which are developed two

• IMA

512

GEN1 1 ALIA

teeth of the same cla>-, when normally there should be
but one.
Gemma 1 ,a - ■•■ bud, a germ: //.,

1 me oi the various asexual

■ luctive bad-like , !l1-

Gemmation ■ '" put forth

bads]. In cual reproduction by budding,

a- distinguished from fission and free-cell formation.
i certain ' ' in the

• . and . among animals,

in which the bud arises as an evagination of the ecto-
ilerm • ;lll<1 ^!ul'

Gemmipara, Gemmipara xh, [gemma,

■A bud ; ice]. In biology, organisms

that r<-: by buddii

Gemmule | ■' little bud ; dim. of

.i bud] In b one <>t the small

bu . mmiparous organism. (b)

In Darwin's theor) of i -. one of the invisible

granules >t atoms, being given off continually by all

the cells of the nveyed into the blood and cir-

ated through the body to finally settle down in

oth cially the germ-cells. Each gemmule

is s i the cell from which it is de-

1, and the gemmules of the different cells become

»e in th rder a- that in which the corres-

each other in the ontogeny

of the parent. GaltOD accepted the " gemmule hy-

besis," but denied the circulation of the gemmules.

Brooks attributes to the male germ-cell a particularly

: attraction for the gemmules, so that

it collect- a special mass of them and stores them up.

, Bioph D rminant, Id, Idioplasm,

H

Gena ( i- f-nak) [L., the cheek : //., Genee]. In biology,

applied to a rather poorly defined region on the side

of the head of various animals ; the cheek.

Genal i ie'-nal) [ytwg, the cheek]. Relating to the

r cheek.
Genepi 5< : Genipi.

Genera «' r-ak) [L.]. Plural of Genus, q.v.
General neralis, of a kind]. Common

al. G. Anatomy, histology, es-
pecially comparative histology. G. Anemia,
deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood.
G. Paralysis, or Paresis. aralysis, General,

Generale n • ' | [Fr.]. Synonym of Influenza.
Generate , to beget]. To beget ;

: the same kind.
Generatio aequivoca ( jen-er-a' '-she-o e-kwiv' -o-kaK)

[I . ] : \ Equivocal.

Generation ■' sluoi) itio, a begetting].

The begetting or production ofoffspring. G., Altern-
ate, in rnation of asexual with sexual
ring oi one process differing from
thai i! fern and the sexual
cual hvdroid polyp and the sexual
G, Alternations of. rnations of
G., Equivocal, >|iontan ition ;
birth fi another form ;
G. Fissiparou ;/. G., Organs of, n
that are functional in iction; the genitalia. G.,
Spontaneous. aeration of living
;i non living matl
Generator nerate]. Oni
wh G.-gas, a gas
formed from (■>.\\, varying in composition according to

md ill.- manner of work-
j; it is used and lor the production oi

heat an I

Generic ( jen-er'-ik) [genus, a kind]. l'ertaining to
the same genus.

Genesial [jen-e,-ze-al\ [ylveotf, origin]. Pertaining
to generation. G. Cycle, the periods of ovarian,
uterine, and mammary activity into which the re-
productive life of the female is divided; the first ex-
tending from puberty to conception, the second from
conception to gestation, and the third from gestation
through lactation.

Genesiology ( jen-e-ze-ol' -o-je) [ytveavc, reproduction ;
>./ i nee]. The science of reproduction.

Genesis ( jen,-es-is)\ykviavc, production]. The act of be-
getting ; development ; origin; formation; generation.

Genetic (jen-e^-ik) [ytveaic, generation]. Pertaining
to generation, or to anything inherited. G. Affinity,
relationship by direct descent.

Genetous I jen'-et us) [ytueavc, generation]. Congenital;
existing from some point or period in fetal life ; as
genetous idiocy.

Genevrette [zken-a-vref) [Fr.]. A drink made by
the fermentation of wild fruits with juniper-berries and
wine ; it is popular in parts of Switzerland.

Genga's Bandage. See Bandage.

Genial ( je'-nc-al) [gena, chin]. Pertaining to the chin.
G. Tubercles, four prominent tubercles on the inter-
nal surface of the lower jaw.

Genian {je'-in --an) [gena; yivetov, chin]. Pertaining to
the chin.

Geniculate, Geniculated (jen-ik'-u-ldt, -ed) [genicu-
lare, to bend the knee]. In biology, kneed, or ab-
ruptly bent. G. Bodies, the corpora geniculata ; two
oblong, flattened bodies on the outer side of the cor-
pora quadrigemina and under the back part of the
optic thalamus. See Geniculum. G. Ganglion
Same as Intumescentia gangliformis.

Geniculum [jen-ikf-u-/uni) [genu, knee]. One of
the two eminences on the latero caudal aspect of the
diencephal ; the post-geniculum ismesad and more dis
tinct, and the pre-geniculum, laterad and less distinct

Genio- {je'-ne-o-) [yheiov, the chin]. A prefix denot
ing connection with the chin. G.-hyoglossus Mus
cle. See Muscles, Table of. G.-hyoid Muscle
See Muscles, Table of.

Genioplasty ( je' ' -ne-o-plas-te) [yiveinv, chin ; ir'kaoaEiy
to form]. Plastic surgery, or a plastic operation, upon
the chin.

Genipap [j'en/-epap) [native Guiana, Genipapo\ The
agreeable edible fruit of Genipa americana , a rubiaceous
tree of tropical America. Cataplasms are made of the
unripe fruit.

Genipi (j'en/-ip-e) [Fr. , ginipt]. A green bitter-sweet
cordial, or liquor, made from Alpine herbs of the
genera Artemisia, Achillea, etc.

Genista (jen-is' '-tali) [L.]. A genus of leguminous
plants. G. canariensis, affords some part of the so-
called oil of rhodium. G. purgans, of W. Europe,
is purgative and emetic. G. tinctoria, dyer's broom,
i> diuretic and purgative. Unof.

Genital ( jen'-it-al) [genitalis, pertaining to genera-
tion]. Pertaining to the organs of generation or to re-
production. G. Cord, the union of the two duct- .i
Wolff and of Miiller to form a common cord in the
embryo. G. Eminence, or Tubercle, an elevation
appearing about the sixth week of embryonic life, in
front of the cloaca, and from which the penis or clito-
ris is developed. G. Fissure, a furrow extending
from the genital eminence of the embryo to the cloaca.
G. Folds, two plications at the side of the orifice of
the cloaca, G. Furrow. Same as G. Fissure. G.
Sense, the degree of vigorousness of the development
oi I 1 1 i 1 1

Genitalia (jen-it-a'-Ie-ah) [genitalis, pertaining to gen-

GENITALIA!

513

'.I NYPLAS I V

eration]. The organs of generation. In the male
these consist of two testicles or seminal glands, with
their excretory ducts; a musculo glandular organ, the
prostate, which provides a matt rial for the dilution of
the semen ; an organ of copulation, the penis ; and a
canal, the urethra, piercing the prostate and penis, and

9__

7

/7s

3

M

I

1

?,

i

II

External Genitalia of Female.
I. Labia majora of right side. 2. Fourchet. 3. Labia minora.
4. Clitoris. 5. Urethral orifice. 6. Vestibule. 7. Orifice of
the vagina. 8. Hymen. 9. Orifice of the vulvovaginal gland.

10. Anterior commissure of the labia majora. 11. Orifice of
the anus.

serving for the transit of the generative and urinary
secretions. The female genitals include an external
part, the vulva, and the vagina, or passage-way leading
to the internal organs ; the latter include the ovaries,
or organs of ovulation, with their ducts or Fallopian
tubes, and the uterus, a musculo-mucous sac in which
the ovum undergoes development and by which the
fetus is ultimately expelled.

Genitalist ( Jen' -it-al-ist) [genitalis, pertaining to gen-
eration]. One who is a specialist in the treatment of
diseases and affections of the genital organs.

Genito- (jen'-it-o-) [genitus, begotten, from gignere, to
be born]. A prefix denoting connection or relation to
the genital organs. G.-anal, pertaining to the geni-
tals and the anus. G. -crural. See Nerves, Table of .
G. -enteric, relating to the genitals and to the intes-
tine. G. -spinal Center. See Center. G. -urinary,
relating to the genitals and the urinary organs.

Gennari, Line of. See Lines, Table of.

Genoblast {Jen* -o-blast) [yivog, sex ; S^acrrdc, germ].
I. The nucleus of the impregnated ovum, regarded as
bisexual. 2. An ovum or spermatozoid.

Genocatachresia (jen-o-fcat-ak-re'-ze-ah) [yiroc, sex;
KnTdxpr/mr, misapplication]. Perversion of the sexual
in-tinct.

Genometabole ( jen-o-me-tab'-o-le) \ytvoc, sex ; 1 '
8o7J], change]. The modification of sexual character
that may follow the menopause.

Gentele's Green. See Pigments, Conspeetns of.

Gentian, or Gentiana ( icn'-she-an. or jen-she-a' nan)
[gentiana, gentian]. The root of G. lutea, a Euro-
pean, and of G. catesb,?i, an American species, a sim-
ple, non-astringent bitter. It is highly esteemed as a

33

stomachic tonic in convalescence from acute diseases
and malarial lever. G.-blue.

G., Ext. Dose gr. j-v ; dose ol the British extract
gr. ij-x. G., Ext., Fid. D ~ G., Infu-

sum, Comp., unof. . gentian 10, bittei
., alcohol 40, water to m
- 3J. G., Mist,, Alkalin., unof. , dil. 1 mic

■ ! tnjij, sodium l<ii arb. gr. xv, infus. gentian. 1 omp.

tn make ^j.

G. et Sennae, Mist., unof.,

infu na 3 iij, comp. tii 3

infus. of gentian 3 vj. Dose 5 x. G., Tinct., Comp.,
con' I in 1 . bitter 01 1 .}. card

dil. alcohol tr, id ake 100. D ~ — ij.

Gentiogenin • in'crin.

Gentiopicrin bik'-riri) [gentiana, gentian;

bitter], < , 1 1 ' ' 1 he prim nstituent

of Gentian. Ii uliar, intensely bitter, crystal-

line glucosid, forming clear, radii •
needles, soluble in water and dilute alcohol, insolu-
ble in ether. I >iluti igar and
mn, a yellow, bitter, neutral powder.

Gentisin ( jen'-r ntiana, gentian], C,4H

A coloring-matter contained in g
tallizi How needles.

Genu (je'-nu\ [genu, the knee: pi. , Genua}. 1.
knee 2. .\ii\ In nt or knee-sha] • the

!« of the corpus callosum, or of the optic tract.
G. corporis callosi, the cephalic reflected part of the
bus callosum. G. -cubital, relating to the knee
and the elbow ; as the Genucubiia surgery.

See Postun G. extrorsum, out-knee ;

outward bowing of the knee ; bow leg. G. facialis,
the curved portion of the bundle of rootlet- emerging
from the subnuclei of thi and causing,

together with the underlying nidus of the abducens,
the Eminentia facialis on the floor of the fourth
tricle. G. -pectoral, relating to the knee and the
chest. G.-p. Posture, the (so-called) Knee-cln -t 1 -
ture. See Postures, Table of. G. recurvatum, the
backward curvature of the knee-joint. G. valgum,
inward curving of the knee ; knock-knee ; in-knee.
G. varum. Same as G. extrorsum.

Genual ( ien'-u-al) [genu, the knee]. Pertaining to a
knee or to a genu.

Genuclast (jen'-u-klast) [genu, knee ; •> break].

An apparatus for the forcible correction of knee-joint
deformities or adhesions.

Genuflex ( jen-u-Jhk.<') [genu, knee; f ent].

Bent at, or like, the knee. Also, bent at any joint.

Genuflexion, Genuflection {Jen-u-flek' -shun) [genu,
knee ; flexus, bent]. The bending or flexion of the
knee.

Genuflexuous {jen-u-fUks' -u-us) [s renu, knee ; flexus, a
bending]. In biology, zig-zag, with knee-like bend-
ings.

Genus [jef-nus] [genus, a. family: //. , Genera"]. A spe-
cies or a number of species marked by one or more
common characteristics that distinguish them from
other groups of species.

Genyantralgia ( jen-e-an-tral' -je-ah) [ jaw ,

avrpov, cav. ; . pain]. I'ain or neuralgia in the

antrum of Ilighmore.

Genyantritis ( ien-e-an-tri/-tis) [yiwr, jaw; avrpov,
cave; inr, inflammation]. Inflammation of the geny-
antrum.

Genyantrum, or Genyantron {jen-e-an'-trum, or -/
[; twq, jaw ; avrpov, cave]. The maxillary antrum, or
antrum of Ilighmore.

Genyplasty ■ -rn'-e-plas-te) [yewr, cheek, chin, jaw;
rrX&aoEiv, to form]. An operation for reforming or re-
storing the cheek or jaw, imperfect eitheT from injury
or from congenital malformation.

..I • >l:l AM

.Ml

GERM

Geoblast nn]. In

biology, a plumule that in germination ris re the

• Mini, lea ■ that <>t

the ;

Geoffroyu rench

G. spin-
ulose and G. vermifuga

Geogenous 1 ro-

i plants as grow
ally

Geographic Tongue im of

th, • uh sinuous, rnap-

tinate in its
bildren.
tropho ;
Geography . to

irth's
with rel • and the distri-

ility.
Geolin , oil]. A trade-

lin.
Geology . earth; ■]. The

of the structural development of the
th.
Geomalism earth ;

a]. In organisms to ad-

just thei if gravitation by sym-

metric growth in horizontal plani
Geomaly - malism.

Geometry .a measure].

• mathematic science that treats of the

Geophagia bhagism.

Geophagism earth ; ipayelv, to eat].

i eating or clay-eating; chthono-

Geophagist , to eat].

iter.
Geophagous [;//, earth. , to

eat]. dirt-eatii

Geophagy See Geophagism.

Geophilous . loving].

In !■ ertain snails.

Georgia Bark ih ) [after King i , of

I]. The hark of / .a tree

1 to be febrifuge. Unof.

Geotropic ' ik) \yfj, earth; Tpiireiv, to turn],

■ .r turning toward the earth; exhibiting a

u th. The roots of

Geotropism rth ;

tum]. I iid other

vnward toward the earth.
Geotrop;. tropism.

GephyTocercal bridge ;

. tail]. In biology, applied t<> fishes in wh

by tin.' union of the

Geraniin geranium]. A pre-

bill, Geranium
It stimulates and • diber

es, etc.
I ■ i - . 1 ' i

Geranium

macula-

and gallii acids.

G., Ext.,

PTd. I I •-•■ rt\v z

Geratic fer+al' ild age]. Relating to old

Geratology (jer-al-ol'-o-Jf) L. '''■> '"

speak]. That department of biology that treats "I

the decadence and gradual extinction of a group of

• irganisms.
Gerber's Food. A variet) of infantile milk food having

the following composition: Water, 6.78; fat, 2.21 ;

grape sugar and milk-sugar, 6.06 ; cane-sugar, 30.50;

starch, 38.48 ; soluble carbohydrates, 44. 76 ; albumi

noids, 9.56 '• ash. I.2I.
Gerdy, Fibers of. Sec Fibers. G., Ligament of.

See Ligament.
Gerhardt's Sign. See Signs an, I Symptoms, Table of.

G.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. G., Type Theory

of, the molecules were considered as residues that

remain unaltered in certain reactions.

Gerlach's Ammonia-carmin. See Stains, Table of.
G.'s Carmin Mass, a warm-flowing mass for injecting
sues. Dissolve 5 gm. of carmin in a mixture of 4.CC
<>i water and 0.5 c.c. of ammonia. Allow the solution
tn stand several days, and mix with S parts of a solution
of gelatin, I to 2. filler and inject at a temperature
of40°C. G.'s Network, or Plexus, an exceedingly
delicate fibrous network of the finest nerve fibrils in
gray matter of the cord. G.'s Theory, pertains
to the connection of the nerve fibers and ganglionic
cells of the cord. G.'s Tubal Tonsil, a granular con-
dition sometimes noticed at the orifices of the Eusta-
chian tubes in chronic inflammations in this region,
and due to swelling of the muciparous glands of the
tube. G.'s Valve, the fold of mucous membrane that
-urrounds the mouth of the vermiform appendix.

Gerlier's Disease. An affection (of farm-hands) charac-
terized by sudden paroxysms of ptosis, vertigo, mus-
cular paresis, and cervico-occipital pain. ases,
Eponymic Table

Germ (jer»/) [L., germen, sprig, offshoot, em-
bryo]. In biology, (a) a portion of matter potentially
vital and having within itself the tendency to assume
a definite living form (Harvey); a spore, a seed, an
embryo, (b) A microbe or bacterium. G.-area,
the germinal area, the germinal disc, area germinativa,
the spot on an ovum where the development of the
embryo begins. G., Asexual, or Unisexual. See
Parthenogenesis, Germ-plasm, Evolution, and Repro
duction. G.-band, in embryology, one of the bands
that unite to form the primitive streak. G.-cell. 1.
The germinal vesicle in a non-fertilized ovum. 2. The
ovum that has been impregnated, but which is still a
single cell; a cytula, or a blastomere ; a simple sphere.
also Heredity. G., Dentinal, a tooth-papilla, or
tooth-pulp. G. of Disease, the special virus orspore
through which a disease becomes communicable. G.-
disc. See G.-area. G. Epithelium, cylindric cells
on the surface of the median plate of the mesoblaM .
G. -flesh. See Sarcophyte. G. -gland, a germ produ
cing gland ; an ovarj oi a testicle. G.-history, ontog
G. -layer, in biology, anyone of the mem
branesof a developing germ, as the blastophylla, epibt
mesoblast, hypoblast, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm,
somatopleure , splanchnopleure. G. -plasm, in biolog) ,
a term introduced by Weissmann to indicate the repro-
ductive or hereditary substance of living organisms.
It is held to contain all tin- primarj constituents of the
entire organism; it is never produced neogenetically,
but is ever passed on from the germ-cell in whi< h art
organism originates in direct continuity to the germ
Is of succeeding gen It causes the pro

duction of the new individual by directing the proi
of division in ontogeny, in the course of which it be
comes 1 hanged in a regular manner. It is compo
primarily of biophores (a. v. 1 or beajrers of vitality, the
1 units that exhibit vital fori ' I *>angenil

GERMAN

;> 1 5

GIAN'J ISM

of De Vries, physiologic units ol Herbert Spencer,
plastiduUs of Elsberg, and plasomes <>l Wiesner.)
These biophorcs unite into groups i ailed determinants
((j. v.), each of which is a primarj constituent "I a
cell. Groups ol determinants in turn combine to fi
ids (Cf. ancestral germ-plasms), which correspond to
tin- small granules hitherto called micro-somata (a
The ids again form groups called idants (a. v.), which
correspond with the chromat i rod-like

granular masses of chromatin in the nu G.-

plasma, the protoplasm oi the ovum oi germ, sup

posed In determine the chai ofl

spring; the physical basis ol hereditj and of the

conservation of the species. Its alleged unchange
ableness is called "the immortality ol the germ-
plasma." See Protoplasm. G. -plasms, Ancestral,
\\ eismann's term for bodies of a highly complex con
stitution, each containing all the primary constituents
that are necessary to the formation of an organism
(" Ahnenplasmen " ), afterward supplanted by the
word id, </. v.). G.-pore, in cryptogamic botany,
a simple pit in the coat of a spore or an
that serves as a place of exit for the tubular out-
growths from the spore at the time of germination
(De Bary). G.-sac, the vesicle constituting the
blastoderm of mammals. G., Specific, same as
Germ. G. -theory, the doctrine of the origin of every
organism from a germ or germ-plasm \ bla
as distinguished from /. . or spontaneous gen-

eration. Also the doctrine that certain diseases are de-
pendent upon the presence of certain microorganisms.
G.-tube, in cryptogamic botany the filamentous growth
of a spore upon germination. G. -vesicle. See
Germinal I esicle.

German (jer'-man) \Germanus, German]]. Pertaining
or belonging to Germany. G. Breast-tea, a decoc-
tion of althea, </. v. G. Black. Same as Frankfort
Black. G. Chamomile. See Matricaria. G.
Disease. Synonym of In/Iitiiiza. G. Ichthyol.
See Thiol. G. Measles. See Rubeola. G.
Method, the oral method of instruction for deaf-
mutes. G. Tinder. See Amadou.

Germander {Jer-man'-der, or jerf -man-der) [ME.,
germawnder, germander]. A popular name for plants
of the labiate genus Teucrium. T. chamcedrys, of
Europe, is a popular polychrest remedy. T. narum
is diaphoretic, tonic, and emmenagogue. Unof.

Germarium (j'er-ma'-re-um) \_germen, germ]. In
biology, applied to the ovary of certain in vertebrates.

Germicidal ( jer' '-mis-i-dal) [germen, a germ ; cadere,
to kill]. Destructive of germs.

Germicide (jer'-mis-id) \_germen, germ; ccedere, t<>
kill]. A microbicide ; an agent that destroys germs.

Germiculture {jer'-mekul-chur) \_germen, germ; cul-
tures, culture]. The artificial culture of bacteria.

Germifuge (jer'-mif-iij) [germen, a germ; fuga
banish]. I. Having the power of expelling germs.
2. An agent that expels germs.

Germinal (jer'-min-al) [germen, a germ]. Pertain-
ing to a germ or the genesis of a tissue or organ. G.
Area, the Area germinativa, or embryonal shield, a
white round spot upon one side of the vitelline mem-
brane in which the blastoderm becomes double. G.
Disc. See Disc. G. Matter. See Protoplasm. G.
Membrane, the blastoderm. G. Spot, the nucleolus
of the ovule. G. Vesicle; (a) the blastosphere or
blastodermic vesicle ; (l>) a lacuna in the substance of
the germ; (<•) the imperfectly formed germ cell in the
embryo-sac previous to fertilization. Cf. ystis.

Germination (Jer-min-a' -shun) [germinatio, sprouting,
budding]. In biology, the development of an embryo
from the ovum. Sprouting of a seed or spore.

Germule (jerS-mtil) [germen, a germ]. An inci]

"Mil ,

Gerocomia, or Gerocomy

0 " , old man ; h\

gienic and medii al can "I old pei
Gerocomium i / r-o-ko' '-me-um) [, ■ , old man;
Ko/ieiv, to care for]. A home or institution for
iple.
Geromarasmus ( jer-o-m

i wasting] . I Imai iation and
characteristic ol extn mi old
Geromeninguria . old

ami , membram

idition in which the urini tins men

shreds.
Geromorphism Izm) [,

form ). I id repitude of the cutam

appearance of age in a young pen

Geroni speciosa > [I-].

Andean plant, having a local reputation
tor syphilis and rheumatism. I nof.

Gerontoxon

Geropigia i jer-o-pij1 -e-ah) \_Port.\
i anil colored mixtui
used in adulterating and fortifying «:■

Gerst's Method. •■ of.

Gestation -ta'-shun) [gestati to bear].

Same as Pregnancy. G., Abdominal, (he forn

tra-uterine gestation in which the product of con-
ception i- I in the abdominal cavity. G.,
Double, i. Twin pregnancy, i. The coexistenci
uterine and extra uterine pregnancy. G., Ectopic.
Same as (/., Extra-uterine. G., Extra-uterine,
pregnane) in which the product of t not
contained in the uterine cavity. G.. Dorsal, the
hatching of eggs on the back, as occurs in certain
batrachians, e. f. , the Surinam toad, G., Mammary
or Pouch, the completion of growth in a pouch, as in
marsupials. G., Oral, applied to the hatching of eggs
in the mouth, as occurs in some fishes.

Geum ( fe/-um). Si -

Gheel System (gil sis' -tern) [from Gheel, a town in
Belgium]. The colony-plan of housing, boarding,
and treating the insane, which prevail? at Gheel, in

1 lelgium.

Giacomi's Method. A method of staining the bacil-
li^ of syphilis. See Stat . eof.

Giacomini's Method of Preserving the Brain. Im-
merse the brain in a saturated solution of chlorid of
zinc ; turn several times daily and inject 6oo grms. of
the liquid through the carotids. Remove the mem-
branes in |& hours. Allow the brain to remain in the
solution until it I i sink, then immerse in alcohol

for io days. Immerse in glycerin until it sinks ;
remove, allow to dry, and varnish.

Giampetro-Lowenberg Method. A method of intro-
ducing the Eustachian catheter. The catheter is
passed into the pharynx, and the beak is then turned
toward the opposite tube and the catheter withdrawn
until it catches on the posterior edge of the septum
nariuin, when it i- rotated in the opposite direction
through an arc of at least jSo° into the tube which it
is desired to catheterize.

Giant ( ji'-ant) [yiyac, large or ponderous]. An adult
of a species excessively developed in stature and pro-
portions. G.-cell. See Cell. G. Pelvis. -

formities of. G. -powder. See Dualin.
G. -swelling. S and Urtica-

ria tuberosa. G. Urticaria. See Urticaria aa-
tosa.

Giantism [ji'-an-tizm) [yt'yac, large]. Excessive over-
growth ; the quality of being gigantic. Gigantbm.

GIAN1 ZZI, CELLS OF

516

l.I/./ARI)

Gianuzzi, Cells or Crescents of. < iranular protoplas-
mic cell? found in mucous glands between the mu
cell? ami t: lent-membrane ; they play an im-

rt in the functional activity of the gland.
Thej

Gibbes' Method A method of staining tubercle-bacilli.

Gibbon's Hydrocele.

Gibbositas [I-]. sity ; the con-

ack.
Gibbosit> hunch, a hump]. In

Gibbous , Swollen, con-

side.
Gibert's Pityriasis. S G.'s

Svrup. - ■'"/.

Giblets OF., . iblets]. The entrails

Gibraltar Fever. Synonym and of

.- .
Gibson's Bandage

Gid fid) [ME., . dizzy]. Staggers in sheep, a

nn in the brain, formerly
bralis, q. v. See under Parasites
. .
Giddiness Ml , dizzy]. A sensa-

a of whirling or unsteadiness of the body, usually
anied by more or less nausea. See Gid.
Giesbrecht's Method. A method of mounting serial
dons. Make a solution of brown shellac in alco-
hol; filter and paint on warmed slides ; allow to dry.
lint a thin layer of creasote and put the
dons in place. Then heat the slide on a water bath
it the melting-point of paraffin.
All ol ; dissolve the paraffin in turpentine;

mount in balsam. The tissue must have been stained
embedding.
Gigantism xn'-tizm) [yiyag, giant]. Abnormally

ssive overgrowth ; great hyper-
i iiantism.
Gigantoblast last) [ytyac, giant; ftAaoroc,

]. A large germ said to exist in the blood in
rnicious anemia. It somewhat resembles
the lar.
Giganto-cellular t'-to'-sel'-it-lar) [yiyar, giant;

ce//a, cell]. Characterized by giant-cells ; as Ciiganto-
cellular Endothelioma.
Gigartina ir-ti'-nah ) [L.]. A genus of sea-

ral species of which are used in the same
. tor human food. Some of the
immerce is believed to be the product

.us.

Gigerium | ji-je'-n um) [gigeria, the entrails of poul-
try]. In biology, the gizzard of birds, or the thickened
muscular portion of mach in certain mammals.

Gigger

Gila monster. derma.

Gill [Ml .agill]. One of the respira-

tor) : ireathe the air that is

mixed with water. The gills first appear in the Poly-

G. -hearts, contractile expan-
\ ith but a single cavity, at the base of the
blood to the branchice in
the higher < -

Gillenia ( ft Dr. Arnold Gill, a Ger

man b A I rosaceous herbs. G.

stipulacea . Indian physic) and G.

trifoliata, l America.are good, safe, and ef-

fective substituti cac. I

Gillenin Nil' [aftei Dr. Gill, a Herman botan-

ist]. Tne active principle of American Ipecac. It

is a bitter, slightly odorous, permanent powder with
emetic properties

Gimbernat's Ligament. See Ligament.

Gin (fin) [Ml . w/r/vv, juniper]. Common grain-
spirit di>tillrd and aromatized with juniper berries.
The finest gin, known as " Holland," is made in the
distilleries oi Schiedam, whence also the name
" Schiedam Schnapps." See Spiritus juniperi. G.-
drinker's Liver. See Cirrhosis, and Hobnail Liver.
G. -liver. See Cirrhosis.

Gingelly Oil (Jin-jel'-e oil). See Sesami, Oleum.

Ginger [jin'-jer). See Zingiber.

Gingiva ( jin-jivf-ah) [I,, "theguin:" pi. , Gingiva].
The vascular tissue surrounding the necks of the teeth

and covering the alveoli.

Gingival ( jin'-jiv-al) [gingiva, the gum]. Pertaining
to the gums. G. Line, a blue or purplish line
along the gums when- they meet the teeth, indicative
oi chronic lead-poisoning; also, the reddish, line on
the gums sometimes seen in tuberculosis, etc. G.
Margin, the line or edge of the gums where they meet
the teeth ; the free edge of the quills.

Gingivalgia (jin-jiv-al/ -je-ah) [gingiva, gum; dAyoc,
pain]. Neuralgia of the gums.

Gingivitis {jin-jiv-i' -tis) [gingiva, the gums; trig, in-
flammation]. Ulitis ; inflammation of the gums.
G., Expulsive, osteo-periostitis of a tooth, which is
gradually expelled from its socket.

Gingko {ging'-ko) [Jap.]. A genus of taxaceous
trees. G. biloba, a native of Eastern Asia, is now-
common in the U. S. Its edible seeds are astringent
and are said to restrain or to slow the secretion of
urine. Unof.

Ginglymoid (ging/-glim-oid) [; iyyAvuoc, a hinge ; eldoc,
likeness]. Resembling a hinge-joint.

Ginglymus [gingf -glim-ns). See Diarthrosis.

Ginseng {Jin'-seng) [Chinese, jintsan, ginseng]. The
fleshy root of several species of Panax or Aralia. A.
ginseng, of Eastern Asia, and A. quinquefolia, of the
U. S., are the best-known species. Ginseng is an aro-
matic bitter with tonic properties. Unof.

Giraffe, Girafy {Jir-af, -af'-e). See Endemic Colic and
Dengue.

Giraldensian Organ or Organ of Giraldes. The par-
epididymis. It is composed of a number of flat, white
bodies, each of which consists of a collection of
tubes blind at each end. It is situated at the posterior
portion of the epididymis, between the head and the
vas deferens.

Girdle (gir'-Jl) [ME., girdel, a waistband]. Any
band designed to go around the body. G., Emphy-
sematous. See Emphysema. G., Neptune's, an
abdominal bandage used in applying the wet-pack.
G.-pain, a sensation as if a girdle were drawn tightly
around the body. When not hysteric, it is charac-
teristic of disease of the myelon, or of the nerve-
roots. G., Pelvic, the bones (or cartilages) forming
the support for the lower limbs of vertebrates. In
mammals they consist of the ilia, ischia, and os pubes.
G. -sensation. Same as G.-pain. G., Shoulder,
the system of bones designed for the support of the
upper limbs or arms. In man, the scapula; and clavi-
cles compose this structure.

Girgensohn's Method. A method of removing pro
teids from a liquid. Mix the solution with half its
volume of a solution of common salt; add tannin in
slight excess, and the proteids will be entirely precipi-
tated.

Girmir igir'-mir) [Arab]. Tartar of the teeth.

Girofle { jtr o-jla'). See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Gizzard ( gi ' ard ) \ < >!•'., gesier ; I .. , gigerium]. The
strong muscular stomach of birds ; also, the corre-

GLABELLA

511

GLAND

spending organ at the pylorus of certain mammals. G.-
skin, the lining membrane of a gizzard. Pigeons'

gizzard-skins, dried and triturated, are a popular
remedy for dyspepsia. See Ingluvin.

Glabella {gla-bel'-ah) [dim. of glaber, smooth] . ["he
triangular space between the eyebrows. See Cra
metric Points.

Glabellad {gla-bel* -ad\ [dim. of glaber, smooth ; ad,
to]. Toward the glabellai I id.

Glabellar {gla-bel' -ar) [dim. of glaber, smooth; ad,
to]. Pertaining to the glabella.

Glabellen ( S7<7-A /'-<//) [dim. of glaber, smooth], Bi
longing to the glabella in itself.

Glabello-inial {gla-bel'-o-in'-e-al} [dim. ol

smooth; ivlov, the nape of the neck]. Included
between the glabellum to the inion.

Glabello-obeliac i gla b V-o o-bef-le-ak) [dim. ofglaber,
smooth ; n.-St/m •, a spit]. Included between the glabella
to the obelion.

Glabello-occipital {gla-beV -o-ok-sipf -it-al) [<lim. of
glaber, smooth ; occiput, the occiput]. Included be-
tween the glabellum to the occiput.

Glabellum {gla-bel'-um) [glaber, smooth]. Same as
Glabella.

Glabrate (gla'-brdt) [glabrare, to make smooth]. In
biology, becoming or tending to smoothness or bald-
ness.

Glabrous {glar-brus) [glaber, smooth]. Smooth. In
biology, destitute of hairs or down.

Glacial {gla' '-sne-al) [glacies, ice]. Icy; resembling
ice in appearance, as glacial acetic or phosphoric acid.
G. Phosphoric-acid Test. See Tests, Tab!

Glacialin [gla-she-a/-lin) [glacies, ice]. An antiseptic
substance used for the preservation of foods. It con-
sists of borax, boric acid, sugar, and glycerin.

Glaciation {gla- she-a' -shun) [glacies, ice]. A condi-
tion like that of ice ; erosive effect like that of moving
ice.

Gladiate (glad'-e'-at) [gladius, a sword]. In biology,
ensiform, or sword-shaped.

Gladiolin {glad-i' '-o-lin) [gladius, a sword. An alka-
loid from brain-tissue.

Gladiolus {glad-e-o/ -lus) [dim. of gladius, a sword], i.
The middle or second piece of the sternum. 2. A
genus of iridaceous flowering-plants. G. segetum,
of Europe, is said to be aphrodisiac and emmenagogue.
Unof.

Glair {glar) [ME., glayre, the white of egg]. The
white of egg ; any thin, viscous substance, as a mu-
cous discharge.

Glairidin iglar^-id-in). Same as Glairin.

Glairin (glar' -in) [ME., glayre, the white of egg].
A peculiar organic, gelatinous substance found on the
surface of some thermal waters. It is also called
baregin, plombierin, zobgene, glairidin, sulphurain,
and zoidin. See Baregin.

Glairy [glSr^-e) [glayre, the white of egg]. Slimy;
also, albuminous.

Glaisher's Factors. A table of figures for calculating
the dew-point.

Glama (gia'-mah) [L.]. Lippitudo. An accumula-
tion of gummy or hard material at the inner canthus
of the eye ; the material so accumulated.

Gland [glans, an acorn]. A name given to numer-
ous bodies or organs of the body, both secretive and
excretive in function, withdrawing from the blood
material for other purposes, or that is injurious or
of no use to the economy. In structure they may
be simple, saccular, or tubular. Also, the bulb-
ous end of the penis and clitoris. G., Abdominal
Salivary, a term for the pancreas. G., Absorbent.
See G., Lymphatic. G., Accessory Lachrymal.

See G of Krause. G., Accessory Lactiferous.

i G., Accessory (of Pan-

creas i. See G., Brunn G., Accessory (of

Parotid . '.. G., Accessory (of

Rosenmiillerj. See G . / nmiiller's. G., Acces-
sory Supra-renal, a small gland sometimes connei I
with and resembling the su] G.,

Accessory Thyroid.a -mall
nected w ith the thyroid gland. G., Acinose, 01

I ai ini. G., Acinous. G.,

Aggregate G., Aggregated of

Bruch), a number oi follicle! in the conjunctiva, at
the palpebro-sclerotic reflection. G., Agminated.

G.,Peyer' G., Albumin, in Cesloda, the gland
that secretes the albuminous coating of the <<vum.
G., Anal, a lymphatic and odoriferous gland situ-

1 near the anus. G., Angular.
maxillary. G., Anomalous. . Ductless. G.,

Anteprostatic. See G., I G., Aporic.

G., Put! G.-area. the depressed area, from

the alveolar epithelium of which the mammary gland is
developed. G., Arterial, one of a number ol small
gland like bodies connected with the arterial system.
G., Arytenoid, a small muciparous gland in Irontofthe
arytenoid i artilage. G., Atrabiliary, an old name for
the Suprarenal Capsule. G., Auricular, Anterior,
a lymph-gland anterior to the external auditory meatus.
G., Auricular, Posterior. See G., Subauricu
G., Axillary, one of the lymph-glands situated in
the axilla. G. of Bartholin. i. A -mall gland
on either side of the vagina, opening through a
duct, on the inner side of the nympha. 2. 5
G., Sublingual. G., Bauhin's. See G., NuAn's.
G. of Benham. See G., Lophopfu ral. G., Blan-
din's. See G., Nuhris. G., Blind. See G., L
less. G., Blood. See Li. , Hematopoietic. G.,
Blood-vascular. See G., Hematopoietic. G. of
Boerhaave. See G., Miliary. G., Bowman's, one
of the tubular glands of the olfactory region. G.,
Brachial, one of the lymph-glands of the arm and the
fore-arm. G., Branchio-tympanic. See G.. Tym-
panic. G., Bronchial. 1. ( >ne of the lymph-glands of
the bronchi and root of the trachea. 2. See G., Thyroid.
G. of Bruch. See G., Aggregated. G., Brunner's,
one of the granular racemose bodies found in the wall
of the duodenum. G., Buccal, one of the glands
between the buccinator muscle (of the cheek) and the
adjacent mucous membrane. G., Buccal, Inferior.
See G., Molar. G., Bulbo-cavernous. See G.,
Cowpers. G., Bulbo-urethral. See G., Cowper's.
G., Byssus. See O '. . G., Byssys, in

Lamellibranchiata, a gland near the foot, secreting
the substance that forms the byssus. G.. Calcifer-
ous, in the earth-worm one of several pairs of lateral
glandular bodies in the esophagus whose function it is
to secrete a calcareous substance. G., Camphor,
one of the camphor-secreting glands of the camphor-
tree. G., Cardiac, one- of the acinous glands in the
mucosa at the distal extremity of the esophagus. G.,
Cardiac Gastric. See </.. Oxyntic. G., Cardiac
Lymphatic. See G., Mediastinal, Su/ G,

Carotic. See G., Intercarotid. G.. Carotid. -
(,'.. Intercarotid. G., Cecal, one of the lymph-
glands around the cecum. G., Celiac, one of the
lymph gland- on the abdominal aorta, above the supe-
rior mesenteric artery. G., Cement. 1. One of
certain glands in insect- whose function it is to secrete
the sebum that surrounds the ova prior to their dis-
charge. 2. In Cin . one of the glands in the
antennae secreting a sticky substance. G.. Cerumi-
niparous. See G., Ceruminous. G., Ceruminous,
one of the convolute glands secreting the cerumen of

(.1 AND

518

GLAND

the > .tr G.. Cervical. ihe lymph-glands of

the neck ; t: called cervical ganglia. G.,

Cervical, Deep. I the lymph-glands contained

in i and inferior, thai are deepl) -

d the neck. I 'lu-y empty into the righl lymph-
dtic duct, through the ymphatic. G., Cervical,

Inferior, Deep, th ip of di ical

inil.ir fossa. G., Cervical,
Middle. the lymph-glands in the i irre-

of the larynx. G.,
Cervical, Posterior the deep lymph-

rior border of the

Enlarge-

irliest evidences

syphilis. G., Cervical,

Superficial. the superficial lymph-glands in

G., Cervical,
Superior, Deep, tl the deep cervical

Ivn; the bifurcation <>i the common

G., Cervical, Upper, Deep. See
G., Choroid, in certain
.lar plexus around the optic nerve.
G . Choroideal. G., Circumanal.

G., Closed. See G., Ductless. G.,
Coccygeal i , A small arterial gland

if the coccyx, ventrally. 2. See G., Uro-
G., Colic. Sec Crypts of Lieberkiikn. G.,
Colleterial. - lleterium. G., Compound, one

m which the secreting surface is contained in numbers
small pou \ gland whose duct is branched.

G., Concatenate. See G., Cervical, Deep. G.,
Conglobate. See </'., Lymphatic. G., Conglomer-
ate. Sei •'.. . G., Congregate. See (/'. ,
G., Coniferous, an old name for the dis
- in the wood-cells of gymnosperms. G.,
Convoluted, a tubular gland with a highly convoluted
blind termination. G., Cowper's (or Mery's), in the
mal f two small acinous glands, situated be-
■n the two layers of the triangular ligament, ante-
state gland. G., Cowperian. See G.,
G., Cubital, one of the lymph-glands of
G., Cubital, Deep, any one of the deep
i the elbow joint. G., Cubital,
Superficial, an I the lymph-glands situated
r the inner condyle of the humerus in the subcu-
tan> G., Cutaneous, any one
of the ' the skin. They include the
hair, sudoriparous and sebaceous glands. G., Cy-
athiform, in bi< ill, fleshy, cup-like glands, se
fluid. G., Decidual, any one of the
i idua. G., Dental (of .V. rt

ithelial bodies on the mucous

■ . over the point of emergence of

th. G., Diapnogenous. See G., Sudorip-

G., Digestive, in biology, one of certain

;; orother portions of some

fluid capable of

ilbuminoid substances. G., Dorsal. See

G., Ductless, a gland without a duct.

G., Duodenal, i Se< C, Brunner's. 2. One of the

duodenal mesentery. G., Du-

verney' Bartholin. G., Ebner's, one

il the tongue situated in the

. G., Enteric.

kuhn. G., Epiglottic, one of

»/ui the posterior surface of

G., Esophageal.

Iym| the iinii ous membrane oi the

G., Excretory, one of the glands that

body. G..
External, ii the glands on the outer

*"r: i. G , Facial, one ol the

lymph-glands of the face. G., Facial, Deep, one of
the lymph-glands beneath the buccinator muscle. G.,
Facial, Superficial. See G., Auricular, .Ulterior.
G., Femoral. See G. , Inguinal. G. -fever, an infec-
tion- constitutional disorder characterized by rapid and
painful enlargement of the cervical lymphatic glands,
with considerable elevation of temperature. G.,
Floral. See </.. Nectariferous. G., Follicular,
one consisting oi or beginning in follicles. G., Fol-
licular tongue), one oi the lymph-glands in
the mucous membrane at the base of the tongue.. G.,
Fundus. See G. , Oxyntic. G. of Galeati. See
Crypts of Lieberkiikn. G., Gastric, any one of the
glands of the stomach, tubular or peptic. Those
lining the fundus ol the stomach are the true pepsin-
secreting glands. G., Gastro-epiploic, Inferior,
one of the lymph-glands surrounding the greater
curvature of the stomach. G., Gastro-epiploic,
Superior, one of the lymph-glands in the gastro-
phrenic ligament. G., Genal. See G., Buccal. G.,
Genital. See (,.. Sexual. G., Globate. See 0'.,
Lymphatic. G., Globular [of Mirbel), in biology,
one of the spheric glands forming a pulverulent surface
upon the calyx, corolla and anthers of many labiate
plants. G., Glomerate. See G., Racemose. G.,
Green, in Crustacea, a gland on the side of the ante-
rior portion of the body. Its duct opens on a cervical
eminence, just below the antenna. G., Guerin's.
See G., Skene's. G. of Guettard. See G., Miliary.
G., Guttural. See 6'., Pharyngeal. G., Hair, the
sebaceous gland of a hair-follicle. G., Harder's.
See G., Harderian. G., Harderian, a small gland
in the nictitating membrane of many of the lower
animals. G. of Havers (also called synovial fringe),
one of the fatty bodies lying behind the highly vascu-
lar fringe-processes that project from a synovial mem-
brane into the cavity of a joint ; these were formerly
believed to be the glands that secreted the synovia.
G., Haversian. See G. ol ffarfers. G., Hemat-
opoietic, any one of the glands that are supposed to
take part in the formation of the blood, as the spleen,
thymus, supra-renal capsules, etc. G. of Henle.
G., /, >regated (of Bruch). G., Hepatic, one
of the lymph glands in the ligaments around the liver.
G., Hermaphrodite, in hermaphroditic animals, a
gland answering both as ovary and testicle. G.,
Hibernating, in hibernating animals, one of the
masses of fatty tissue, supposed to aid in sustaining
life during hibernation. G., Honey-comb. See
G., Peyer's. G., Hydrophorous. See G., Sudorip-
arous. G., Hypogastric. See 6'., Iliac, Internal.
G., Iliac, Anterior, one of the lymph glands anterior
to the iliac arteries, and situated between the fifth
lumbar vertebra and the femoral ring. They receive
the lymphatic and efferent vessels of the inguinal
glands. G., Iliac, External. See G., Iliac, Ante-
rior. G., Iliac, Internal, one of the lymph-glands
in the course of the hypogastric artery and vein. G.,
Iliac, Superior, one of the lymph-glands near the
i of the ilium. G., Infraclavicular, one of the
small lymph glands situated below the clavicle, be-
tween the deltoid and pectoral muscles. G., Inguinal,
Deep, one of the lymph glands in the crural ring,
around the femoral artery and vein. G., Inguinal,
Superficial, one of the lymph-glands in the superficial
last ia just above Poupart's liginent. G., Infundibu-
lar, the infundibulum of the brain. G., Intercarot-
id, a minute body of glandular structure, of unknown
function, situated at the bifurcation of the common
G., Intercellular, one of the multi
cellular vegetable glands, supplying the walls between
the cells. G., Intercostal, one of the lymph-glands

• .LAM)

519

GLAND

in the posterior portion of the intercostal j G.,

Internal, in botany, a gland below the surface o
plant-organ. G., Interocular, in comparative anal

omy, the ectocranial portion ot tin- epiph) is o rebri.
It is regarded as the rudiment of the third eye. G.,
Interungulate, in sheep, a muciparous gland betw
the hoofs. G., Intestinal, Solitary, one oi a num-
ber of peculiar white isolated lymph-glands distributed
through the intestinal mucous membrane. G., Jugu-
lar, Inferior. See G., Cervical, Dt t>. G., Jugular,
Superficial. See (,'. , Cervical, Superficial. G.,
Jugular, Superior. See G., Cervical, Stipe >
Detp. G. of Kolliker. Sec G., Bowman G.
of Krause, one of a number of acinous glands in the
orbital portion of the conjunctiva. G., Labial, one
of several racemose glands near the edges of the lips.
G., Lachrymal, a compound racemose gland in the
upper and outer portion.^ of the orbit, whose function
it is to secrete the tears. G., Lachrymal, Inferior,
the lower portion of the lachrymal gland. G.,
Lachrymal, Superior, the upper portion of the
lachrymal gland. G., Lactiferous. See G., Mam-
mary. G., Laryngeal, Anterior, Posterior, one of
the acinous lymph-glands in the laryngeal mucous
membrane. G., Lateral, in Cestodes, one of the
glands situated on either side of the uterus. G.,
Lenticular. I. In botany, one of the oily or fatty
glands found in plants. 2. One of the conglobate
glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach. G.
of Lieberkiihn. See Lieberkuhn, Crypts of. G.,
Lingual, Anterior. See 6'., Nuhn's. G., Lingual,
Lateral, one of the acinous glands at the edge of the
tongue. G., Lingual, Lymphatic, one of two or three
glands on the outer surface of the hyoglossus muscle.
G., Lingual, Posterior, one of the acinous lymph
glands on the dorsum linguae near the foramen cecum.
G. of Littre (or of Morgagni), one of the small race-
mose muciparous glands in the mucous membrane of
the cavernous portion of the urethra. G., Lobulated.
See G., Racemose. G., Lophophoral (of Benhani),
in biology, a border of glandular tissue, surrounding
the lophophore. G., Lumbar, one of a number of
lymph-glands, situated in the lumbar region, behind
the peritoneum. G., Luschka's. See G., Coc-
cygeal. G., Lymph. See G., Lymphatic. G.,
Lymphatic, a small oval mass of lymphoid tissue in
the course of a lymphatic vessel. [here are supposed
to be between 500 and 600 in man. The chyle and
lymph pass through them to the blood. G., Lymphat-
ic, Solitary. I. A simple isolated lymph-gland. 2.
See G. , Intestinal. Solitary. G., Mammary, one of
the glands, in mammals, that secrete milk. G., Mas-
toid. See G. , Subauricular. G., Maxillary, In-
ternal. See G., Facia/. Deep. G., Mediastinal,
one of the lymph-glands in the mediastinum. G.,
Mediastinal, Anterior, one of several small lymph-
glands in the lower portion of the anterior mediasti-
num. G., Mediastinal, Posterior, one of the lymph-
glands in the posterior mediastinum surrounding the
esophagus and thoracic aorta. G., Mediastinal,
Superior, one of the lymph-glands in the upper por-
tion of the mediastinum. G., Meibomian, one of
the minute sebaceous follicles between the cartilage
and conjunctiva of the eyelids. G. of Meibomius.
See G., Meibomian. G., Mery's. See (',.. Cow-
per's. G., Mesenteric, one of the lymph glands of
the mesentery. G., Meseraic. See (,'.. Mesenteric.
G., Mesocolic. one of the lymph-glands in the mes-
entery of the colon. G., Miliary. 1. (of Boer-
haave\ any one of the sudoriparous glands. 2. (of
Mirbel) in biology, one of the minute granules on
the green parts of plants. 3. (of Guettard) a stoma.

G. of Mirbel. See G., Miliary, and G., Globular.
G., Molar, one of the large buccal glands situated
mar the molar teeth, between the masseter and bucci-
nator muscles ol the cheek. G., Moll's, one of I
modified sweat glands on thi 'gin of tie- eye-

lid-, opening into the hair- follicles ot the eyelasb
G., Montgomery's, one of the mi' ace-

ous gland- ol' the areola of the breast. G. of Mor-
gagni. . of Littre*. G., Moriform. See G.,
A'a G., Morrenian, in biology, one ■.! cer-
tain glands <>i worms, as the earth-worm, whose func-
tion is thai nidation. G., Mucilaginous, a
: , 'ii to one ot the fringed processes oi synovial
membranes. ian. G., Muciparous.
G. . Mn, >u . G., Mucous, one of the glands in
mucous membrai , reting mucus. G., Mucous,
Salivary, a salivary gland mainly secreting mucus.
G., Mushroom-shaped, a peculiar accessory male
genital organ in certain insei :-, probably the analogue
- initial vesicle. G., Musk, the glandular
structure in certain animals secreting musk. G. of
Naboth (also called fol <h), a pathologic
vesicle in the mucou> membrane of the uterine cer-
vical canal. G., Nabothian. See G. of Naboth.
G., Nasal. I. See G., Supra-orbital. 2. {of
Rathke). See Ja m. G., Nasal, Exter-
nal, in birds, a gland in the frontal or nasal bone
emptying into the nasal cavities. G., Nectar.
1,'.. Nectariferous. G., Nectariferous, in biology, a

id secreting honey or nectar. G., Nerve, the
supra-renal capsule. G., Nervous [of
See G.. il. G., Nidamental. in biology, a

gland secreting a peculiar viscid material that invi
the ova. G., Nuck's. See (/. , Nuhn's. G., Nuhn's,

: of the acinous glands near the ape., of the tongue-

They are also called Nuck's, BauAin's, and Blondin's
glands. G., Occipital, one of the lymph-glands situ-

I over the occipital insertion of the trapezius. G..
Odoriferous, one of the gland- secreting odoriferous
substances, as behind the cervix of the penis, secret-
ing the smegma. G., Oil. See G. , G..
Oviducal, in Elasmobranchi •. a gland connected
with the oviduct. G., Oxyntic, one of the glands of
the cardiac region of the stomach, supposed to secrete
the acid of the gastric juice. G. of Pacchioni.
Pacchionian Bodies. G., Pacchionian. See /
chionian Bodies. G., Palatal. See (',.. Palat
G., Palatine, a small acinous gland that with others
forms a continuous layer beneath the mucous membrane
of the hard and soft palate. G., Palpebral. See G. ,
Meibomian. G., Pancreatico-splenic, one of the
lymph-glands following the course of the splenic artery
and vein. G., Papillary, in biology, a papilla-like
gland on the under surface of a leaf of labiate
plants. G., Parotic. See G., Parotid. G., Parotid,
a large salivary gland situated in front of the ear.
G., Parotid, Lymphatic. S An-
terior. G. of Pecklin. See G., G.. Pec-
toral, one of the lymph-glands on the lower portion
of the pectoralis major muscle. G., Pepsin. See
G., Oxyntic. G., Peptic. See G. , Oxyntic. G.,
Perspiratory. See G., Sudoriparous. G.. Petiolar,
in botany, a gum-secreting gland occurring on the
petiole. G., Peyer's, one of a number of lymph-
follicles of the bowel occurring mainly in the ileum.
They are especially involved in typhoid fever. G.,
Peyerian. See G., G., Pharyngeal, one
of the racemose glands in the pharyngeal mucous
membrane. G., Phrenic, one of the lymph-glands
in the lower portion nterior mediastinum. G.,
Pilous. See G., Hair. G., Pineal. See Pineal
Gland. G., Pituitary, a term for the hypophysis of

\ N 1 1

520

GLANDERS

the brain. Sec Pi G., Plexiform.

. . G., Poison. .1 gland in venomous

is sub-
stance. G., Popliteal, one of the lymph glands sur-
ruu- G., Precrural. in com

the lymph-glands following
thei F the nervus circumflex ilii. G., Prehyoid,

;m a the hyoid bone. G. ,

Prelaryngeal. .1 I) ind on the crico-thyroid

G.,

Prepectoral. in comparative anatorn ol the

1VII1 g the lower portion of the jug-

1. G., Preputial. 3 G., Pre-

scapula: ne ol the lymph-

itor humeri muscle.
G., Prostate. G.. Prostatic.

G., Pulmonary, one of the lymph-
nary substance. G., Purple, in
reting the so called
G., Pyloric, one of the glands of
lach mainly situated near the pylorus and se-
G., Racemose, a compound
bunch of grapes. It is
amber of acini with a single excretory
G. of Rathke. See </.. G., Renal,

rarenal capsule. G., Reticulate, a lymph-
>ntaining reticular tissue. G., Retroperito-
neal the lymph-glands behind the peritoneum.
G., Rivini's. See G., Sublingual. G., Rosenmiil-
ler's. 1. The inferior lachrymal gland [accessory of
It is the fore part of the lachrymal
gland, which i.s separated from the rest of the gland
a fibrous septum. It is also called the palpebral
portion of the lachrymal gland. 2. The lymph-gland
situated in the crural ring. G., Saccular, a gland
ulation of a mucous or serous mem-
brane. G., Sacral, one of the lymph-glands on the
anterior face of the sacrum. G., Salival. See G.,
G., Salivary, a gland whose function it
is to secrete saliva. G., Salivary, External. See
G., Parotid. G., Scapular, one of the lymph-glands
near the axillary border of the scapula. G., Scent.
G. , Odoriferous. G., Sebaceous. 1. One of the
minute saccular glands in the corium of the skin, se-
creting -i-lium. 2. See G., Cement. G., Sebiferous.
its. G., Sebiparous. See G.,Seba-
G.. Secreting. See G., Secretory. G.,
Secretory, any gland of the body yielding a secretion.
It is an arrangement of cells by which certain ele-
ments are separated from the blood that circulates
in the capillary vessels which are in contact with the
cell-. G., Seminal, the testicle. G., Septal, in
■ of the secreting glands in the septa be-
tween the loculi of the ovaries of liliaceous plants.
G , Serous. See G., Albuminous. G., Serous,
Salivary, one of those salivary glands the secretion of
which contains a characteristic albuminous substance,
h little or no mucin. G. of Serres. See G.,
G., Sexual, the ovary or testis. G., Sim-
ple, of but one secnting sac, with
! unbranched tube. G., Skene's, one of
within the meatus urina-
ria v are frequently the seat of
lat' G., Solitary, one of the glands

1 mbrane of the small

G., Spinning, one of the tubular glands

anal or oral orifice of certain spiders and

a viscid material that

■ the air. G., Stalked, in

talk. G., Staphyl-

ine. G., Sternal, one of the

lym 1 the up] A cartilages, near the

sternum. G., Subauricular, one of the lymph-glands
situated below and behind the ear. G., Sub-caudal,
a gland located near the base of the tail, the secretion
from which yields the peculiar penetrating odor of the
fox and other animals. G., Subconjunctival. See
(/. , Meibomian. G., Sublingual, the smallest of
the salivary glands. There is one on either side be-
neath the ton-tie. G., Submaxillary, a large sali-
vary gland situated in the submaxillary triangle. G.,
Submaxillary Lymphatic, one of the lymph-glands
in the submaxillary triangle. G., Suboccipital. See
(/. , Occipital. G., Substernal. See G., Sternal. G.,
Suburethral. Same a> G. of Cowper. G., Su-
doriferous. See G. , Sudoriparous. G., Sudorip-
arous, one of the peculiarly convoluted glands in
the subcutaneous connective tissue that secrete the
sweat. G., Supraclavicular. See G., Cervicalt
Interior, Deep. G., Supra-hyoid, one of the
small lymph-glands between the anterior bellies of the
digastric muscles. G., Supra-orbital, in biology, a
gland in the orbit of birds communicating with the
nasal passages. G., Suprarenal, the suprarenal cap-
sules. G., Sweat. See G. , Sudoriparous. G.,
Tarsal. See G. , Meibomian. G., Tarso-conjunc-
tival. See G., Meibomian. G., Tartar, one of the
hypothetic glands thought to secrete the tartar of the
teeth. G., Temporary, the name occasionally given
to the Graafian follicle. G., Thoracic, Deep, one
of the lymph-glands situated on the outer surface of
the serratus magnus muscle. G., Thoracic, Super-
ficial. See G., Pectoral. G., Thymus, a tempo-
rary organ lying mainly in the neck, attaining its full
growth at two years and practically disappearing at
puberty. G., Thyroid, a ductless lobulated gland
situated in the lower middle ventral portion of the
neck, in front of the trachea and below the thyroid
cartilage. G., Tibial, Anterior, a lymph-gland on
the anterior surface of the interosseous ligament of the
leg. G., Tracheal, one of the minute ovoid acinous
glands in the tracheal mucous membrane, especially
on its posterior surface. G., Trachoma {of Henle).
See G. , Aggregated (of Bruch). G., Tubular, a
gland composed mainly of a tube-like structure. G.,
Tubular, Compound, one composed of a number of
small tubules with a single duct. G., Tympanic, a
swelling upon the tympanic nerve, situated near or
within the tympanic canal, and believed to be of the
same nature as the coccygeal gland. G., Tyson's,
one of the sebaceous glands on the corona of the
glans penis and on the prepuce. See G. , Odorifer-
ous. G., Urethral. See G. of Littre and G. ,
Skene's. G., Uropygial, the oil-secreting gland sit-
uated over the coccyx of birds. G., Uterine, one of
numerous tubular follicles in the uterine mucous
membrane, secreting the so-called uterine milk. G.,
Utricular. 1. In biology, one of the spaces in the
epidermis tilled with a colorless fluid. 2. See G.,
I terine. G., Vaginal, one of the acinous glands in
the vaginal mucous membrane. G., Venenific. See
G., Poison. G., Veneniparous. See G., Poison.
G., Vesalius's, one of the pulmonary and bronchial
mucous glands. G., Vesicular. See G., Utricular
(1st def). G., Vulvo-vaginal. See G. of Bartho-
lin. G., Wax, in insects, one of the glands of the
surface secreting a wax-like material. G., Weber's,
one of the tubular mucous glands of the tongue situated
chiefly near the root. G., Yolk, the vitellarium, 1/. v.
G., Zeiss's, one of the sebaceous -lands of the eye-
lashes. G., Zygomatic. See G. , . iuricular, Anterior.

Glanderous {glanf der-us), or Glandery (glanr -der-e)
1 -land]. Affected with -landers.

Glanders ( glan'-derz). A contagious disease of horses,

GLANDILEMMA

52 1

GLEi (GENE

sometimes communicated to man. For staining the
microorganism of glanders see ScAutz's Method,
Kuhne's Method, or Lceffler's Method, under Stains,
Table of. See Equinia.

Glandilemma | Ian dil-em'-ah) [glans, gland; //////</,
husk]. The capsular covering of a gland.

Glandula i gland' -u-lah) [I.. : pi., GlanduUe\ A
little- gland.

Glandular (gland' -u-lar) [glandula, a gland]. ke
lating to, or of the nature of, a gland. G. Hypertro-
phy, a term used to indicate an enlargement ol a
lymph-gland, without any appreciable cause. G. Pes-
tilence, synonym of the Plague, </. v. G. Plague,
synonym of the Plague, q. v.

Glandule (gland'-ul )[glandula,& gland"}. A small gland.

Glandulin (gland' -u-lin) [glandula, a gland]. Ex-
tract of gland-tissue.

Glans (glanz) [glans, a corn], i. The head of the
penis or of the clitoris. 2. A gland; an enlarged
gland. 3. A suppository or pessary. 4. In botany,
a nut. The name applied to fruits like the filbert,
acorn, chestnut, etc. G. clitoridis, the small round
tubercle of the clitoris analogous to the glans penis of
the male. G. penis, the conical-shaped body form-
ing the head of the penis.

Glareose (gl&r'-e-oz) [glarea, gravel]. In botany,
growing in gravel.

Glaser's Fissure. See Fissure.

Glaserian Artery. See Arteries, Table of . G. Fissure.
See Fissure

Glaserius, Fissure of. See Fissure.

Glasgow Committee. See Anesthetic.

Glass (glas) [ME. , glas, glass]. A brittle, hard, and
transparent substance consisting usually of the fused,
amorphous silicates of potassium and calcium, or
sodium and calcium, with an excess of silica. When
glass of a high refractive index is required, lead silicate
is also added. G. -blowers' Cramp. See ( 'rump.
G. -blowers' Disease, a term formerly used to desig-
nate any infectious disease of the lips, especially syphi-
litic eruptions. Also, applied to pulmonary emphy-
sema. G. -blowers' Patch, a condition of the dor-
sum of the tongue very similar to smokers' patch,
and due to an analogous cause. G., Crown, a very hard
glass, made from sodium sulphate or lime, without
lead. It has a low refractive index, but consider-
able chromatic dispersion. It is used for making
lenses for optic instruments. G., Flint, that com-
posed of lead and potassium silicates. It has a very
high refractive index. G. Slides. See Slides. G.,
Soluble, potassium or sodium silicate.

Glasses (glas'-es) [ME., glas, glass], A synonym of
spectacles or eye-glasses. G., Bifocal, those that have
a different refracting power in the upper part from that in
the lower. G., Hyperbolic, those ground in the form
of an hyperbola. G., Periscopic, those in which the
curvature of one surface exceeds that of the other.
See Meniscus. G., Prismatic, those formed of prisms;
used in insufficiency and paralysis of the ocular muscles.
G., Protective, for shielding the eyes against light ;
they are made of London smoke or blue glass. G.,
Spheric, those ground in the form of a sphere. G.
Stenopaic, those consisting of a blackened disc of
metal in which is placed a small round hole or a narrow
slit ; they are used for examining astigmatic eyes.

Glassy Degeneration. See D aeration. G.
Swelling, a synonym of amyloid infiltration.

Glauber's Salt. See Sodium.

Glaucedo (glaw-se'-do) [L.]. Glaucoma.

Glaucescence (glaw-ses'-ens) [glaucescens}. A bluish-
gray or sea-green luster or bloom ; the quality of
being somewhat glaucous.

Glaucescent 1 j-law-ses' 'en! ) [-//avKor, silvery]. In
biology, slightly glaucous, or bluish ;;ray.

Glaucin (giant/- in) [,/ I

.died from the color of thi

Glaucium (glaw'-se-um) [;>• py]. A

genus of paj us herbs ; hom-poppy. G. luteum

and G. corniculatum 1 herbs, with dim

and alterativ e pro] L uof.

Glaucoma ea-green]. .'.

.it the eye the essential and cha
torn of which is an abnormally heightened intraocular
tension, resulting in hardness ol the globe, excavation
of the papilla or optic disc, a restrii tion of the field of
vision, corneal anesthesia, colored halo about lig
and lessening of visual power that may. if uncheel
proceed to blindness. The etiology is obscure. G.
absolutum, or consummatum, the completed glau-
comatous process, with blindness. G. acutum, the
first or the renewed attack, with the characteristic and
inflammatory symptoms, generally intermitting after a
few days. G , Auricular, a disease of the middle ear
characterized by a great increase in the intra-labyrinth-
ine pressure. G. evolutum, the second stage of glau-
coma. G. fulminans, an acute attack coming "ii
with great suddenness and violence. G. haemorrha-
gicum, or apoplecticum, that associated with retinal
hemorrhage. G. malignum, a grave form, alter
with violent pain and rapidly leading to blindness. G.,
Secondary, that consequent upon other ocular diseases.
G. simplex, that form without inflammatory sym] 1

Glaucomatous (glaw-kbm' -at-us) [; XavicSf, sea-green].
Affected with or pertaining to glaucoma.

Glaucosis 1 [y%avic6g, sea-green]. The

blindness resulting from glaucoma.

Glaucosuria (glaw-ko-su' -re-ah 1 [y/av/ctfc, sea-green;
lov, urine]. The presence of indican in the urine,
which is thereby discolored.

Glaucous (glav/-kus) [ , sea-green]. Of a

blue-gray or dull sea-green tint ; having a blue,
or pale-green luster covered with a silver)- bloom,
as the leaves of the cabbage.

Glaukuria (glaw-ku' -re-ah). See Glauco uria.

Glaux (glawks) [yfati . the milk-vetch]. A genus

of primulaceous herbs. G. maritima, saltwort, is
said to be an effective galactagogue. Unof.

Glea (gle'-ah) [}/.oia, glue]. A mucilaginous sub-
stance secreted by many inferior organisms, and which
frequently serves as a matrix in which they lie em-
bedded.

Glean (glen) [origin obscure]. The afterbirth of a
domestic animal.

Gleet (glet) [ME., glet, gleet]. The chronic stage of
urethritis, with muco-purulent discharge.

Gleety (gle'-te) [ME., glet, gleet]. Thin and ichor-
ous; resembling the discharge of gleet.

Glenard's Disease. See Di . Table of.

Glene (gle'-ne) [ykipni, pit]. I. The glenoid cavity.
2. The interior of the eye. Obsolescent.

Gleno-humeral (gW -no-hu' -mer-al) [y"Mpm, pit; hu-
merus, the humerus]. Pertaining to the glenoid cavity
and to the humerus.

Glenoid (gW-noid) [yTJ/vti, a cavity ; eldo .form]. Hav-
ing a shallow cavity ; pertaining to a shallow cavity. G.
Cavity, the articular depression in the head of the
scapula. G. Fossa. See /

Glenoin (gle-no'-in). Same as Trinitrin.

Glenovertebral ( gW -no-ver' -te-bral 1 [; Upy, a cavity ;
rtebra, a vertebra]. Pertaining to the glenoid and
vertebral borders of the scapula.

Gleogene ( ■e/e'-o-jen) [; Xoi6(, a sticky substance ; glue ;
. producing]. In biology, secreting a glairy,
mucilaginous substance.

GLIA

i,i I .riiiiui m

Glia . glue], rhe neuroglia ; bindweb.

It G. -cells.

-

^

MO.

Gliadin ie]. A proteid obtainable

■ n. u ious and gelatinous
Iry. Alsoasyno

Gliding Movement rhe most

m ih.it can take place in a
ormo\ i nother, with-

. movement.
Glioma l tumor: pi.,

A varii und-celled sarcoma, <

Zia cells, occurring in the

the brain or of the spinal cord. G.

of the Retina L of the retina'* ), a

■in the connective tissue of the

trring in the young, and involv-

ptic nerve, and extending finally

into the brain. G., Pseudo-, of the Retina, meta-

urulent choroiditis, simulating the appearance

tinal glioma.

Gliomatosis ' [yA/a, glue ; &fia, a tu-

]. I he aggregation of exuber-
ant of glioma-liki pinal cord — a
ndition thought to precede the development of
lia.
Gliomatous it-u < [yMa, glue a tumor],

ie nature of, or affected with, glioma.
Gliomyxoma {gli-o-miis-o/ -mah) [;/<", glue;
mu tumor: / iyxomata~\. A tumor

having the character- of both glioma and myxoma.
Gliosarcoma [gti-o ' . glue; oapi;,

a tumor: />/. , G |. A tumor

with b neuroglia-cells of glioma and the fusi-

la.
Gliosis ,glue; vdoog, disease]. Abrain-

>,i sclerosed gray substance,
with the formation of lacunar -pan-, within the foci,
diffused sclerosis in its histol-
ind -_vmptoin.it' i]
Glischruria ■ ■.<-, viscid; oi

urine]. Mucous d< on of the urine, suppo

of a microdrganism, the
turn.
Glisson's Capsule.
Glissonian Cirrhosis. Synonym of Perihepatitis.

Glister ma.

Globe of the Eye. ball.

Globiferous a ball; ferr

ur] In 1 to antennae or similar

nt.
Globin ■ ]. a proteid deriv-

bin. also a cla

globins.
Globinometer , globe ;

ised with special

titage-amount

unt of bl

Globo-cellular , globe;

ce/la, a cell] obo-cellular sarcoma.

Globoid (glof-boid) [globus, a round body ; etdoc, form].
In biology, a globular or amorphous particle of the
double phosphate of calcium and magnesium, often
found associated with crystalloid- in protein-granules.

Globose ') [globosus, round as a ball]. Spher-

ic in form, or nearl}

Globular [dim. ol . a globe]. Hav-

ing the shape of a globe or sphere.

Globularia (glob-u-la' -re-ah) [globulus, a little ball].
A genus of selaginaceous herbs and shrubs. G. aly-
pum, of the old world, affords leaves that are a good
substitute for senna. G. puticosa and G. vulgaris
have .similar properties.

Globule iglobf-ul\ [dim. of globus, a ball]. A small
globe; a blood-corpuscle or lymph-corpuscle. En bi-
ology, any minute spheric -tincture. In pharmacy,
a small pill or pellet See also Oil-globule. G. of
Donne. See Blood-plates and Hematoblast. G. in
Pulp, a globular mass of dentine within the sub-
stance of the dental pulp.

Globulicidal (glob-u-lis-i'-ilal) [globulus, a. little ball;
, to kill]. Destructive to the blood-corpuscles.

Globulicide [glob-u* '-lis-ia i [globulus, a globule ; cadert ,
to kill]. I. Destructive of blood-cells. 2. An agent
that destroys blood-cells.

Globulimeter iglob-u-limf -et-er) [globulus, a little ball ;
. a measure]. An instrument for estimating the
corpuscular richness of blood.

Globulin (glob'-u-lin) [globulus, a little ball], i. A
general name for various proteids comprising globulin,
vitellin, paragiobulin, or serum-globulin, fibrinogen,
myosin, and globin, which differ from the albumins in
not being soluble in water ; one species, existing in the
crystalline lens, is specially designated as globulin.
They are insoluble in distilled water, but soluble in
dilute neutral saline solutions. These solutions are
coagulated by heat, and precipitated by a large amount
of water. They yield acid-albumin when acted upon
by dilute acids, and alkali-albumin when acted upon
by dilute alkalies. Vegetable Globulins have been
studied, and named vegetable myosin, vitellin, and
paragiobulin : they are found in the seeds of plants.
2. A blood-platelet.

Globulinuria ( glob -u-lin-u' -re-ah) [globulus, a little
ball; ovpov, urine]. The presence of globulin in the
urine.

Globulism (glob' -u-lizm) [globulus, a little ball]. The
administration of medicine in globules; homeopathy.

Globulose (glob'-u-los) [globulus, a little ball]. Any
product of the gastric digestion of a globulin.

Globulus (glob' -a lus) [I,. ]. The Nucleus globuliformis
of the cerebellum. It is a mass of gray matter between
the fastigatum and the embolus.

Globus (glo/-busy) [L.]. A ball or globe. G. epidid-
ymis. See Epididymis. G. hystericus, the " lump"
or choking sensation occurring in hysteria, caused
probably by spasmodic contraction of the esophageal
and pharyngeal muscles. G. major, the larger end
or head of the epididymis. G. minor, the lower end
of the epididymis. G. pallidus, the inner and lighter
part of the lenticular nucl

Glochidiate (glo-kid'-e-St) [;>r.j,». a projecting point].
In biology, barbed. Tipped with barbs, or with a
doubly hooked point.

Glochidium (glo-kid' -e-uni) \,,<->\i<', a projecting
point: pi., Glochidia\ In biology, a >tat;e in the
developmenl of lamellibranchiate molluscs [Uhio,
Anodon\, the ova of which develop up to a certain
■e in the gill-pouches of the parent, and remain
there as glochidia until some fish or wading-bird comes
into their vicinity, when the glochidia issue forth, and,
swimming as Pectens by the flapping of their valves,

(.1.1 MlUS

523

".!.< ISSl H III." A

attach themselves, like external parasites, to the animal
whose presence has stimulated their efforts ; lure they
become encysted and transformed into young I i
or Anadi ms.

Glochis (gl</-kis) [yfa>xk> ;i projecting point://.,
Glochines"]. In biology, a barbed spine or point.

Glome (gloni) [glomus, a ball], Sam.- as Glomerule.

Glomerate {glomf -er-at) \_glomerare, to wind around].
A descriptive term applied to an} gland consistin
vessels bunched together like a ball of thread ; i
glomerate.

Glomerule (glom'-er-ul) [dim. of glomus, a ball of
yarn]. In biology, a capitate cyme; a cluster of
spores.

Glomerulitis (glom-er-u-li' -h \ merulus, a small
ball; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glom-
eruli of the Kidney.

Glomerulo-nephritis (glom erf -u-lo-nef-ri' -tis) \ glom-
erulus, a little ball; vt(pp6g, the kidnej ; trig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the Malpighian bodies of
the kidney.

Glomerulus, or Glomerule (glom-erf -u-lus , or glomr-
er-ul) [dim. of glomus, a ball]. A knot or small
rounded mass. A coil of arterial blood-vessels pro-
jecting into the capsular widening of the lumen of
each uriniferous tubule and with it composing the
Malpighian body peculiar to the vertebrate Kidney. G.
Malpighii. See Malpighian Bodies. G., Olfactory, a
group of nerve-cells, a number of which are embedded
in the olfactory nerve-fibers.

Glonoin (glo-no'-in). See Nitroglycerin.

Gloriosa ( qlo-re-o1 -sah) \gloriosus, glorious]. A genus
of splendid liliaceous plants with poisonous juices. G.
superba, of India, is alterative and tonic, and its
starch is said to cure hemorrhoids. Unof.

Glossa {glos'-ah) [yTiibaaa, the tongue]. The tongue ;
also the faculty of articulate speech.

Glossagra (glos-a' '-gran) \_].'/uaaa, tongue ; aypa, seiz-
ure]. Gouty pain in the tongue.

Glossal (glos'-al) [yXaaoa, tongue]. Pertaining to
the tongue.

Glossalgia (glos-al'-je-ah) [y7.uooa, tongue ; alyog,
pain]. Any pain in the tongue, especially neuralgia
of the tongue.

Glossanthrax [glos-an' '-thraks) . Synonym of An-
thrax.

Glossarium (glos-a' '-re-urn) \y~kaaaa, a tongue: />/.,
Glossaria~\. In biology, the slender, elongated labrum .
of a dipterous insect, as the mosquito.

Glossate (glos/-at) [y?,(Jooa, tongue]. In biology,
having a tongue or glossa ; applied to suctorial as dis-
tinguished from mandibulate insects.

Glossauxesis (glos-a-u'ks-e'-sis) \y~kaaaa, tongue;
;/<t/c, increase]. Enlargement of the tongue.

Glossectomy {glos-ekf -to-me) \y7iZtaaa, tongue; hKrofirj,
excision]. Amputation or excision of the tongue.

Glossitic iglos-itf-ik) \yAaaoa, tongue ; irtr, inflamma-
tion]. Pertaining to or affected with glossitis.

Glossitis (glos-i'-tis) TyXaaaa, tongue ; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the tongue. G., Dissect-
ing, a form of chronic superficial glossitis character-
ized by dec]) furrows upon the tongue thai appear to
penetrate into the mucous membrane. G., Idiopath-
ic. Same as G., Parenchymatous. G., Interstitial.
Same as G., Parenchymatous. G., Parasitic, an in-
flammation of the tongue said to be due to parasitic
vegetations. It is also called Glossophytia. G, Paren-
chymatous, an inflammation of the tongue involving
its substance as well as the mucous membrane.

Glosso- iglos'-o-) [yTiuaoa, tongue]. A prefix denot-
ing connection with the tongue.

Glossocele {glos/ -o-sel ) [yAwcsaa, tongue ; k/j'/>/, tumor].

Swelling or edema of the i"ngue, wit! uent ex-

trusion of the organ.
Glossodesmus mu \ [ ;

. ... . Im rod]. The frenum ling
Glossodynia \yAuaaa,

bdinrt), pam]. Pain in the tongi om-

nied by exfoliatii epithelium.

Glosso-epiglottic [glosf-o '//>■)

tongue ; ■ piglottis]. Pertaining to both

tongue and epiglottis.
Glosso epiglottidean Ligament. See /
Glossograph

■.rite]. Aii instrument for registering the mi

in. ni - ague in speech.

Glossography

] A descriptive treatise upon thetong
Glossohyal i hi'-al) f. tongue;

the hyoid bone]. Pertaining to tie and the

1 1 \ ..ni b
Glossoid id) [yAaooa, tongui . appear-

ance]. Resembling a tongue.
Glossolalia | laa, tongue; >.

speech]. I he alleged -peaking in foreign or unknown

tongues by somnambulists.
Glossology [glos olf-o-je\ [yT&oaa, tongue; "h6yog, a

treatise]. A treatise concerning the tongue.
Glossolysis taa, tongue; Avatc, a

Loosening]. Paralysis ol the tongue.
Glossomegistus (glos-o-mi Synonym of

Glossitis, Parenchymatou .
Glossoncus [glos-ong' -kus) [yA&ooa, tongue; &;

tumor]. A swelling of the tongue.
Glossopathy ' ' ■ wo, _

disease]. Any disease of the tongue.
Glosso-pharyngeal in'-je-al) [-//(Jcoa,

tongue ; u'liiv];. pharynx]. Pertaining to the tongue

and the pharynx. See Nerves, Tail
Glosso-pharyngeus I glos/-o-/ar-in/-j'e-us) [yAuaaa,

tongue ; O'/i.r; c. pharynx]. A portion of the superior

constrictor muscle of the pharynx. See Muscles,

Tabl
Glossophyte (glos/-o-/it) [yAuaaa, tongue; o< -

plant], A parasitic vegetation growing on the

tongue.
Glossophytia ( glos-o-fit' -e-ah)\^ "Kuaaa, tongue ; o> -

a plant]. Black tongue. A dark discoloration of

the tongue, due to accumulations of spores, dead epi-
thelium, and accidental impurities.
Glossoplasty {glos* -o-plas-te) [}/ to , 1 ngue; n

aetv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the tongue.
Glossoplegia {glos-o-ple* -je-ah) tongue;

-///;/;, stroke]. Paralysis <>f the tongue.
Glossoptosis \glos-op-to' -sis) [y'A uaa a, tongue ; -rucic,

a fall]. Synonym of Macroglossia.
Glossorrhagia (glos-or-a' '-Je-ah) [; ma, tongue;
virvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the

tongue.
Glossorrhaphy (glo ngue; ,'

suture]. Surgical suturing of the tor..
Glossoscopy (g/os-o* ■' t . tongue ; atom

to inspect]. Diagnostic inspection of the tongue.
Glossosemeiotics {glos - o - sew b i [; '/oxjan,

tongue ; OT/fietdeiv, to mirk]. The study or science of

the diagnostic and prognostic signs exhibited by the

tongue.
Glossospasm. or Glossospasmus | glos,-o-spazm, or
mus) [yXuaaa, tongui ; airao . spasm].

Spasm of the tongue.
Glossosteresis ' | [yXuaaa, tongue;

aripijffig, privation]. Surgical excision of the tongue ;

absence of the tongue.
Glossotheca (glos-o-t/ie'-ka/i) [yAuaaa, tongue ; &vkti,

.,1 l (SSOTI1 I

524

(.It MACE< »rs

aca In b of a

Glossotilt

ill] An instrument by which the toi

tificial i

rat-
Glossotomy

ui II • the ex-

gue.

Glossy Skin the skin, charac

i .111-

i Dili

Glossy pertrophia, or Glossypertrophy

i er ;
I the tongue.
Glof. seiz-

ure].
Glotiai lottis]. Pertaining to the

Glottalgia . •') \_)'/u~a, tongue; a

Glottic ngue]. I. Pertaining to

the • - Pertaining to the glottis.

Glottid lottis]. An act of the vo-

cal by the form of the glottis is changed;

luced by such a change.
Glottidean [yXurrig, glottis]. Pertain-

ttis.

Glottis [; ■- yJ&rra, tongue]. The

rim lh<- <>[)ening between the arytenoid

cai' I tin- interval between the vocal bands ;

- collectively that surround that

>penii._ r it is the epiglottis, a thin lamella of

vering the larynx during deglutition.

Glottiscope kop) [yAurrtc, glottis ; gko-iIv, to

inspect]. A form of laryngoscope.
Glottitis tis). See Glossitis.

Glottology See Glossol

Glov- [ME. , glove, a glove]. A protection for

the hand, with separate partitions for each finger ; it is
utically in certain skin-diseases of the hand ;
a guard against septic poisoning. G. Alpha-
bet, arno Alphab
Glovers' Stitch (glui/-erz stitch). The continuous

suture in surgery. See Suture.
Glucinum flu-si' -num). See Beryllium.
Glucogen . ,' k :e Glycogen .

Glucohemia [glu-ko-he* '-me-ahj. See Glycohemia.
Gluco-heptose i fluf -ko-hep' -tos\. See Carbohydrates,

Glucometer '-et-er). See Glycymeter.

Gluconic Acid lu kon'-ik). See Acid.

Glucose -.weet], <V,H,,( >,., (Jrape-

ugar. A substance obtained from

h by the action of the natural ferment, diastase,

on of mineral acids. It

and therefore less sweet, than cane-

jtially nutritious. It is much used as an

adu [| arieties are numerous,

best known. I
from Ic. behavior to the polarized

: : formi i to the right,
rystallizes in
\rbohydra
G. Vinegar. ,■>-.

Glucosid [glu'-k id) [ i) Any member

I may be r< solved by the

ind another principle.

Glucosin .■/' | |. Any one of a

taini .1 by the ai tion of
am- il '. ■ 6),

corresponds in formula and general properties with a
remarkable unnamed base formed timing the alcoholic
fermentation ft sugar or molasses, — Monti's I
(\\\. \ ■. a colorless, strongly refracting, very mobile
nil. with a nauseous, pyridin-like odor. It causes
stu] ilysis, impairment oi sensibility, dilatation

of the pupils, slowing of the pulse and depression of
the temperature, coma, and death. Similar alkaloidal
bases have also been found in petroleum, paraffin-oil,
chloroform, benzole, ether, amy] alcohol, and in most
solvents in common use.

Glucosis lght-ko/-sis\. Same as Glycosuria.

Glucosuria [glu-ko-sur-re-aK). See Glycosuria.

Glue iglu) [gluere, to draw together]. A decomposi-
tion-product of many nitrogenous animal tissues.
These lose their organized structure, on heating with
water, swell up, and gradually go into solution.
The solutions, even when very dilute, gelatinize on
cooling, forming a jelly that dries to a horny translu
cent mass. This mass is glue, or gelatin, as the liner
grades are termed. It dissolves in hot water and
forms a liquid possessing notable cementing-power.
Two proximate principles seem to be present as char-
acteristic in all preparations of glue: glutin, ob-
tained chiefly from the hide and larger bones, and
chondrin, from the young bones while yet in the soft
state, and the cartilages of the ribs and joint- I >f
these the former much exceed- the latter in adhesive
power. Hide-glue is the variety that show.-, most
strongly the adhesive property. Its color may vary
considerably without any impairment of its adhesive
power. It is usually of a gray to amber or brown-
yellow color, and translucent or partially opaque. It
should be clear, dry, and hard, and possess a glassy frac-
ture. It should swell up but not dissolve in cold water,
but should dissolve in water at 62. 50 C. (144. 50 F.).
Cologne Glue is manufactured from scrap-hide which,
after liming, is carefully bleached in a chlorid-of-lime
bath and then thoroughly washed. Russian Glue con-
tains some inorganic admixture. It is of a dirty- white
color, and contains from four to eight per cent, of white
lead, chalk, zinc- white, or barytes. Size-glue and
Parchment-glue are both skin-glues prepared with
special care. Bone-glue or Bone-gelatin is a clear
product free from offensive odor. It is much used for
culinary purposes and for medicinal applications,
and for fining or clarifying wines, etc. It is largely
used in the manufacture of gelatin capsules, of
court-plaster, and of gelatin emulsions with bromid
and chlorid of silver for coating photographic dry
plates. Patent (Hue is a very pure variety of bone-
glue of deep dark-brown color. It is very glossy and
swells up very much in water. Isinglass, or Fish-gel-
atin, is the finest and best of animal glues. It is pure
white, nearly transparent, dry and horny in texture,
and free from smell. It dissolves in water at from
350 to 500 C. (950 to 1220 F.) without any residue,
and in cooling produces an almost colorless jelly.
f./i///iil Glue. By the action of nitric or acetic acid
upon a solution of glue its power to gelatinize may be
completely dissipated, while it- adhesive power is not
at all interfered with.

Gluge's Corpuscles. Compound granular corpuscles ;
compound granule-cells. Larger or smaller cells
den-ely crowded with droplets of fat, occurring in
tissues that are the seat of fatty degeneration. By
transmitted light the globules of fal show as black
dots, and the whole corpuscle looks like a mulberry.
They an- the only pathognomonic evidences of soften-
ing of nerve tissue.

Glumaceous (glu-ma'-she-us) [gluma, a husk]. In
biology, possessing chaff-like bracts or glumes.

GLI ME

;,-.-,

GLYCOCYAMIN

Glume (glum) [gluma, a hull or husk]. In bio;

one of the floral envelops in the g
Glumellule (glu-mel'-ul). San Lodicule.

Glusidum (glu'-sid-um) [//nJ-e, sweet], C, II,-

co

<V .,> Nil. Saccharin. Benzoyl-sulphonic-imid,

a coal-tar derivative. It is an intensely sweet, white

powder, 200 times as sweet as cane-sugar. It is anti-
septic, and is used to disguise the taste of nauseous
medicine. It may be used as a sweetening-agent in
diabetes and in the treatment ol corpulency.

Glutaric Acid (glu tar'-ik ). Sec Acid.
Gluteal (glu'-te-al) [_< '"' '"' • l'"' buttock]. Pertain-
ing to the buttocks. G. Artery. See . Irt, n , Table
of. G. Muscles. See Muscles, Table of. G. Nerve.
See Nerves, Table of. G. Reflex. See Reflexes,
Table of.
Gluten \gluf-ten) \_gluten, glue]. A substance re-
sembling albumin, with which it is probably identical.
It occurs abundantly in the seed of cereals, in the form
of cubic cells surrounding the starchy fecula of the
seed. It consists mainly of gluten-fibrin, gluten-
casein, gliadin, and mucedin. G. -bread, a variety
of non-starch-containing bread for use by diabetics.
It is made as follows : Take one quart of sweet milk,
or milk and water, one heaping teaspoonful of good
butter, one-fifth of a cake of compressed yeast beaten
up with a little water, and two eggs well beaten.
Stir in the gluten-flour until a soft dough is formed,
knead as in making ordinary bread, put in pans to
raise, and when light, bake in a hot oven. G.-soap,
a bland and soothing variety of soap, containing a
considerable proportion of gluten.
Gluleo -femoral {glu' '-te-o-fem' '-or-al) [ytovrdg, the but-
tock ; femur, the femur]. Relating to the buttock
and the thigh.
Gluteus (ght-te'-us) \_ylovr6c, the buttock]. One of the
large muscles of the buttock. See Muscles, Table of.
Glutin [glu' -tin). See Glue.

Glutition (glu-tish'-uu) \_glutire, to swallow]. Deglu-
tition.
Glutitis {glu-ti'-tis) [y/.ov'oc, buttock ; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation or suppuration of a buttock.
Glyceleum (gli-se'-le-ui/i) [y'Avuvc, sweet; e2xuov, oil].
A mixture of glycerin 2 parts, olive oil 6 parts, al-
mond-meal I part ; it is used as a base for ointments.
Glycemia (gli-se'-me-ak ) \j/,vkvc, sweet; al/ia, blood].

The presence of glucose in the blood.
Glycerid (glis'-er-id) [y/\vK£p6q, sweet]. A compound
ether of the triatomic alcohol, glycerol or glycerin.
Some of the glycerids exist ready-formed, as natural
fats, in the bodies of plants and animals, and many
more may be produced artificially by the action of
an acid upon glycerol.
Glycerin, Glycerinum (glis' '-er-in, gUs-er-V -num) \y/\v-
nepdg, sweet], C3H-(H ()).,. Propenyl hydrate. A vis-
cous, syrupy, colorless substance derived from certain
fats — mainly palm-oil — by decomposing them with
superheated steam. Pure glycerin is an emollient ; the
impure article an irritant to the skin. Dose 3 j — i j - It
is an efficient internal remedy in acne and flatulence,
and may be used in rectal enemata or in suppositories
with soap or gelatin (yL), in chronic constipation. See
Glycerol. Glycerinum acidi carbolici (B. P .),
glycerin 4, carbolic acid I. G. acid, gallici (B.
P.), gallic acid I, glycerin 4. G. acid, tannici
(B. P.), tannic acid I, glycerin 4. G. aluminis
(B. P.), alum 1, glycerin 5. G. boracis (B. P.),
borax I, glycerin 4, distilled water 2. G. plumbi
subacetat. (B. P.), acetate of lead 5, oxid of lead
y/2, glycerin 20, distilled water 12. G. traga-
canthae (B. P.), tragacanth 3, glycerin 12, distilled

water 2. Glycerini, Suppos. 1.1' . each contains 70
per cent, by weight of glycerin. Glycerin-Cupric
Test i 1 ugar) ; to an inch of potassium hydrate
in a test-tube add a few drops of copper sulphate
and a few drops of glycerin Boil and add the sus-

urine by small amount-- up to less than
inch in the tube. Sugar will throw out the cuprous
< 1 x i< 1 , red oryellow. G. -Jelly, a valuable preparation
for the treatment of eczema. It is made as follow
Gelatin, 4 drams ; oxid of zinc, 2^ drams; glycerin,
jounce; water, 6 dram-. Heat the water, dissolve
the gelatin in it, then add the glycerin and zinc, and
stir till cold. Before using, the jelly is melted by
gentle heat in a water-bath, and applied with a
brush. media.

Glycerinum i'-num) [, sweet;

glycerini: //., Glycerind]. I. Glycerin, q. v. 2. A
solution of some medicinal agent in glycerin, q. v.
Glycerite. or Glyceritum ' 01 *lis-er-i' -turn)

[;// veet]. A mixture of medicinal substances

with glycerin. There are six official glycerites, beside-,
several others in the National Formulary. G. acidi
carbolici, carbolic acid 2, glycerin 8. G. acidi tan-
nici, tannic acid 2, glycerin 8. G. amyli. See
Amylum. G. vitelli. See Viiellus.
Glycerize (glis'-er-lz) \yXvnep6q, sweet]. To treat or

mix with glycerin.
Glycerol (glis'-er-ol) \yXvKEp6 ;.< I !.<>.,. Glyc-

erin ; a substance produced in small quantities in the
alcoholic fermentation of sugar. It is prepared exclu-
sively from the fats and oils. It is a thick, coloi
syrup, of specific gravity 1.265 at 150 C. It has a
pure, sweet taste, hence its name.
Glycerose {gits' '-er-ds) [y/\vKep6g, sweet], C3H603.
Triose; a substance derived from glycerol. It is the
lowest glucose, and is a mixture of glycerol aldehyd
and dioxy-acetone. See Carbohydrates, Table of.
Glyceryl {gits' -er-W) [yAwcep<5c, sweet]. A designation
applied to the trivalent group CH.,.CH .( TI.,. It is
the hypothetic triatomic radicle of glycerol and the
glycerids, and is also called propenyl. G. Borate.
See Boroglycerin.
Glycid {gli'-sid) [yhvicvg, sweet], CjHgO,. An anhy-
drid of glycerin, not yet isolated. G. Compounds,
certain compounds formed from glveerol-derivatives by
the loss of II,() or HC1. These are again readily
converted into glycerol-derivarives.
Glycin (gli'-sin) [j . sweet], <\H,N<>,. Also

called Glycocol and Glycocin, Amido-acetic Acid, or
Gelatin-sugar. It does not occur in the free state in
the animal body, but enters into the composition of
several important substances, as hippuric and glycochol-
ic acids. It i- acid in reaction, and has a sweet taste.
It crystallizes in large, colorless, hard rhombohedra, or
four-sided prisms, easily soluble in water. See Gly-
cocol.
Glycina (glis-i'-nah). Soya-bean. See So/a.
Glycocholic Acid (gli-ko-kol'-ik) [}><>. •<. -weet;

XpTcfj, bile]. An acid found in the bile. See Acid.
Glycocid [gli'-ko-sid). See Glucosid.
Glycocin [gli'-k - Glycin.

Glycocol (gli'-ko-kol) [yAwefcc, sweet; Ku'/Ja, glue].
The same 'as G/yciu, q. v. The Glycocols, Alanins, or
Atnido-fatty Acids are crystalline bodies, usually of a
sweet taste, and readily soluble in water.
Glycocyamin 1 %li-ko-si'-atn-iri\ \y~kmbc, sweet ; Kvavdg,
blue; amin\, C,I I-N ,().,. Guanido-acetic Acid ; a
substance obtained by the direct union of glycocol
with cyanamid. It is soluble in 120 parts of cold
water and rather readily in hot water; insoluble in al-
cohol and in ether. It forms crystalline compounds
with acids and bases.

■I»IU h

GNATHIDH M

,

with

:.ir in the animal

.

1.1.
A diva-

i.il. thick

and in water in-

ups in

in ali ohol

there
the li\

jhtly
■ nil higher ;

hols.

; amid'],
that

ulty in alcohol.

I

i . dis-

Ph, It is a mixture

-

• dia-
n the

I in th< bl I.

>/.

G.,
G., Para-

Glycyrrhea i) [yhv/cvg, sweet ; /ielv, to flow].

Any dischai lucose from the body. Glycyr-

rhoea urinosa. Synonym of Diabetes mellitus.

Glycyrrhetin root],

>4 Vn amorphous bitter substance in liquoi

Glycyrrhiza ih) [;/r/.,., sweet; p

I iquorii e root. I'lie root of G.
. a demulcent and mild laxative, ofsweel taste
In combination with other medicaments it is an excel
lent expectorant, and is much used as an excipient in
pills, i: G., Ext., the liquorice <>f com

in. urring in black rolls. G., Ext., Liquid

B.P U ~ ij. G., Ext., Purum, made with
aqua ammonia and water by percolation and evapora
tion. G., Ext., Fid., prepared with water -
hoi. G., Mist., Comp., Brown mixture, pure extract,
ia, aa 3 parts, Unit, opii camph. 12, vin.
antimonii 6, spt. nitrous ether 3, water 70. Dose 3J
-5 ss. G. etOpii, Trochisci, have each ext. of glycyr-
rhiza, gr. ij. ext oi opium gr. ..'„, acacia, sugar, oil of
ani Dose j — Ij. G., Pulv., Comp., compound

licorice-powder, 1 S„glycyrrhiza 23,01] of fennel

4, washed sulphur 8, sugar 50.
Glycyrrhizin rir-i'-ziri). 5 Glycyrrhizinnm.
Glycyrrhizinum {glis-ir-iz-i' '-nuni\ [yAiwcfcc, sweet;

. . Glycirrhizini\. A sweet principle
derived from liquorice-root. G. ammoniatum (U.

5. P.), ammoniated glycyrrhizin, a sweet preparation

I as a substitute for liquorice. Dose gr. v— xv.

Glyoxal (gli-oks'-al) [yTwKvq, sweet; bgaMg, sorrel],
I II,11. A. substance formed by oxidizing acetalde-
hyd with HN03. It is an amorphous non-volatile
mass that deliquesces in the air, and is soluble in al-
cohol and in ether.

Glyoxalin oks'-al-iri) [;. weet ; ofaAtp, sor-

rel], C3H4N2. A substance produced by the action
of ammonia upon glyoxal. It is easily soluble in
water, alcohol and ether, and crystallizes in brilliant
prisms, melting at So0 C. and boiling at 2550 < .

Glyoxim {gli-oks'-im) [;/i'/i/'c, sweet], G,IIt\,« >.,. A
compound produced by the action of hydroxylamin
upon trichlorlactic acid. It is soluble in water, alco-
hol, and ether; crystallizes in rhombic plates; melts at
1780 C. ; sublimes without. difficulty ; has a faintly acid
reaction, and forms salts with bases.

Glyoxylic Acid {gli-oks-il'-ik). See Acid.

Gmelin's Test. Same as Gmelin-Heintz Reaction.

Gmelin-Heintz Reaction. A test l"i bile pigments
in the urine. See Tests, Tab

Gmelina [mel' -in-all) [after Gmelin, a Russian scien-
tist ]. A genus of verbenaceous shrubs and tree's. In
India, G. arborea, G. asiatica, G. parvifolia, G.
villosa, and other species, are employed in catarrhal
disorders and in fevers and rheumatism. Unof.

Gnaphalium {naf-a' -le-uni) . See Life-everlasting,

Gnat (//'//) [Ml ,a gnat]. A dipterous insect,

the Culex pipiens, differing but slightly from the com-
mon mosquito, with which it i- popularly confounded.
I he •• b usi-N in a piercing of the skin ami the

withdrawal of a min intitj of blond. The gnat

has no sting or pi mds.

Gnathalgia {nath-al' '-je-ak) [ . jaw ; '<>;<»;, pain].

Pain or neuralgia "|" the jaw.

Gnathankylosis [n&th-ang-kil-of-sis) [yv&dog, jaw
•■ma , ankylosis]. Ankylosis of the jaw.

Gnathic (n&th'-i . the cheek-bone],

or jaw. G. Index.

Per

lar and Ina

Gnathidium [nath-id'-e urn . jaw: />/. , Gnath

In biology, "lie (,f the rami of the lower
mandible "i a bird.

GNATHION

r,r,

G< »LD

Gnathion [nath'-t -on |, See Craniometrii Points.

Gnathite \nith'-lt) [yvadog, the jaw]. In biology,
one of tin- jaw liii of an arthropod ; a gnathopod

Gnathitis [nath-i' -tis) [yvadog, jaw; trig, milamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the jaw oi

Gnathogramma {ndtho-gram'-ah) [yvadog, jaw,
cheek; ypdfifia, line]. Jadelol I line.

Jadelofs Lines or Furrows.

Gnathoneuralgia [nath-o-nu-ral'-jt ah) [ jaw;

iov, a nerve; aXyog, pain]. See Gnathalgia.

Gnathoparalysis {ndth-o-par-al' -is-is) [yvdOog, jaw;
rrapdXvaig, paralysis]. Paralysis ol the jaw.

Gnathoplasty (nathf-o-plas-te) [yvddog, (lurk; n-Ada-
oecv, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the cheek.

Gnathoplegia \ nath-o-ple1 '-je-ah i [; vddog, cheek ;
->//;//. stroke]. Paralysis of the (lurk.

Gnathopodite [nath it) [yvdOog, jaw;

font]. Same a- Gnathite.

Gnathorrhagia [ttath-or-a' -je-ah) [yvddog, the cheek;
/)//; rivai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the
mucous membrane of the cheek.

Gnathoschisis [nath-os' -kis-is) [yvddog, jaw; oxKetv,
to split]. Cleft -jaw.

Gnathospasmus (nath-o-spaz' '-mus) [yvddog, jaw;
ru6g, spasm]. Locked jaw; trismus.

Gnathostegite [nath-osf -tej-it) [yvadog, jaw; arb/og,
roof]. In biology, the cover to the mouth-parts of a
crustacean formed by the expansion of parts of the
third thoracic limbs.

Gnomonic [no-mon/-ik) [; v6/mjv, a carpenter's square].
In biology, bent at right angles.

Gnoscopin [nos'-ko-pin), < "..,1 1 :;,;N J >,,. A crystalline
a'kaloidof opium, melting at 2330 C.

Goa Ball, or Goa Stone [Gga, in Portugal]. A mass
of drugs made up into a large bolus, from which
enough for a dor is scraped as needed; it is said to
have originated at Goa. G. Powder. See Ara-
roba.

Goadby's Solution. A solution of salt and con
sublimate in water, for preserving meat against putre-
faction.

Goanese Ipecacuanha ( go-an-iz' ip-c-kak-u-an'-ah).
See Naregamia.

Goat's-voice (gdtz'-vois). See Egophony.

Goblet Cells. Chalice-like cells lying between the epi-
thelial cells of the intestinal villi.

Goddard's Astringent Gargle. An astringent gargle
composed of alum 2 drams, pomegranate bark y2
ounce, red rose petals I dram, honey 1 ounce, boiling
water 6 ounce-

Godfrey's Cordial. A non-official preparation of
opium containing from half a grain to a grain and a
half of opium to the ounce.

Goggle-eyed [gog/-l-ld) [ME., goggleyed\ A vulgar
synonvm of Exophthalmos and oi Strabismus.

Goggles [ME., ' n. to look asquint].

Spectacles with colored lenses and wire or cloth sides,
to protect the eyes from excessive light, dust, etc.

Gogo i.go'-go) [African]. The rhizome of Phrynium
beaumetzii, a marantaceous plant indigenous to
the western coast of Africa. It is a powerful vermi-
fuge and purgative. It is used in the form of a de-
coction, ,:jii^ to tin- ( >j. I'nof.

Gogul {gt^-gul) [Beng. or Hind.]. A name for
various balsamic resins, the product of Asiatic trees
of the genus Balsam odendron ; it is sometimes classed
as Elemi, and also a- Bdellium.

Goiter {goi'-ter) [guttur, throat]. Enlargement, par-
ticularly if hypertrophic, of the thyroid gland. It is
called, also, Bronchocele and Tracheocele. It gener
ally accompanies cretinism. G., Anemic. Synonym
of G., Exophthalmic. G., Exophthalmic, Basedow's

Disease, Graves' I disease. A d ized

by cardiac palpitation, goiter, exophthalmos,

palpitation usually bring tin- initial symptom ; tin- pulse
ranges from 90 to 120. < l< 1 asionally the exophthal-
mos is so extreme as to produce spontaneous disloca-
tion of one or both eyes. 1 hen are pres< nl Graefe's
lid-sign, namely, inability of the upper lid to follow
perfectly the downward movemenl oi the eye; and.
usually, Stel . viz. , apparent widening of

the palpebral aperture, < 1 ih- to retraction of the upper
lid The disease is usually encountered in women; it-
course is chronic, ami the ultimate 1 • ry.

ih, however, occasionally results I ogy

i- obscure, but the disease occurs frequently in tl
of the neurotic habit. The I . for the

explanation of exophthalmic goiter may be j> laced in
three divisions: 1. The cardio-vascular theories,
which locate th 1 the disease in the heart it-

self, the vessels, and the blood. 2. The mechan
theories, which conned the symptoms with compres-
sion of vessels or nerves in the neck by a primarily
hypertrophied thyroid. 3. The nervou
which attribute the disease to disturbance in the
vagus nerve, in the sympathetic nerve ii
or in the central nervous system proper. G., Pulsat-
ing. Synonym of (,'., Exophthalmic. G. -stick, the
coarse stem of certain kinds of sea-weed (Sargassum
iferum, etc.), used in various places as a cure for
goiter.

Goitrous (goi'-lrus) [guttur, throat]. Pertaining to
or affected with goiter.

Gokeroo (goo/S-er-oo). See Gokhru.

Gokhru {gok'-ru) [P. Indian]. Gokeroo. The fruit of
Pedalium murex, found in the Past Indies, much used
by the natives for enuresis and spermatorrhea. It is
used in infusion of 3J to Oj of boiling water. Dose
ad lib. L'nof.

Gold [M P. , gold, gold]. See Aitritm. G., Bichlorid of,
so-called, has been vaunted in the treatment of drunk-
enness and the opium-habit. The com] - if chlorin
and gold are the monochlorid and the trichlorid.
G. -beaters' Cramp. See Cramp. G. -beaters' Skin,
a thin membrane prepared from the cecum of the
ox for gold-beaters' use. It has a limited use in
surgery. G., Annealing of, the softening of gold
by means of heat, to reduce the hardness caused by
the mechanical forces to which it has been subjected
in its manufacture. See Annealing. G. -brown.
Same a- Phenylene-brown. G. Cinnabar. Same
as Minium. G. Crowns, portions of the natural
crowns of teeth capped with gold, thereby restoring
the contour. G.-foil, Dentists' (aurum foliatum),
gold-leaf. Gold-foil, as used by dentists for tilling
teeth, is gold hammered into a thin leaf, but finer
in quality and of much greater thickness than the
article ordinarily known as gold-leaf. G. -ochre.
Same as Ochre. G. -orange, an anilin dye employed
by Unna for staining lepra-bacilli and tubercle-
bacilli. See Stains, Table of. and Pigments, Conspec-
tus of. G. -plate, for dental uses, may be made by
the following formulas : —

i8-Karat Gold-plate.

Gold iS dwt.

Silver '. . 2 "

Copper 4

20-Karat Gold-plati .

Gold coin, 20 dwt.

Silver 2 '

Copper '. . 2 '

G. of Pleasure. See Camelitia. G. -purple. Same
as Cassius' Purple. G. -solder, gold alloyed with one
or more metals. The followT g table exhibits the rela-

.

..< )N( >B1 VS1 ll»ll M

lentl) em-

G

•

G.-rod,

stimulant

the

G.-seal.

111 granular-
Method, .1 meth lining

;umns of.

■ xpenment. Animals lose their

: the mid brain

G.'s Croaking-experi-

naenl when the skin of its

G.'s Embrace-experi-
nu-- • i) the body "f the

and fourth vertebra

with which it is brought into

G.'s Static-theory, position of

lolymph of the semicircular

some part of

ccitirig the nerve-

•

Goi: i nail]. A genus of

shrubs, partly natives of tropical

l. The leaves and bark

at, and aromatic.

Gomphia .s toothache].

, a boll

I in sock'
Gomphos;s . nail]. See Syn-

n ; aicpa-
Gon.i I ■ : ] .A spermary or ovary ;

n]. In biology,

lia.

ductus ; a
I a reproduc-

seizure].

pain].

P

Gonam

n ration ;

In ! the repro

inth thai

I
ti rnal
the

mmation nee-

Gonarthrocace knee .

. joint; mm//, evil]. A cancerous or ulcerated
the knee-joint, popularly known as white
swelling.

Gonarthrotomy {gon-ar-throt1 '-o-me) [y6w, knee;
, to cut]. Incision into the knee-
nt.

Gonecium I. ■• generation, seed ;

bouse]. A modified zoecium set apart in the
for reproductive functions.

Gonecys'. [yov#, semen ; /twiric, cyst]. A

imal \ esicle.

Gonecystic is'-tik) [~}oii/, semen; tdutrig, cyst] .

Pertaining to a gonecyst.

Gonecystitis {gon-e-sis-ti'-tis) [yovfj, semen; idjarig,
inflammation], inflammation of a gone-
-i.

Gonecystolith i gon-e-sis' '-to-lith) [y>v//, semen ; Krone,
cysl ; / ""< , stone]. A synrpexion, q. v.

Gonecystoncus \gon-e-sis-tong,-kus) [yon'/, semen ;
kvotic, cyst; byxog, tumor]. Any tumor of a seminal
icle.

Gonepoiesis poi-e'-sis) (,"'/, semen; rroieiv,

to make]. The secretion or elaboration of semen.

Gonepoietic {gon-e-poi-etf -ik) [yovij, semen; woutiv, to
make]. Pertaining to the secretion of semen.

Gongrona ,'->iah) [yoyypuv//, a ganglion].

Synonym of Goiter.

Gonic [gon'-ik) [jovikoc, pertaining to semen]. Per-
taining to semen or to generation.

Gonid {go-nid'). Same as Gonidium.

Gonidangium [gon-id-an' '-je-uni) \yovi], generation;
yeiov, a vessel : pi. , Gonidangia]. In biology, a sac
or sporangium containing asexually-produced spores.

Gonidimium (gon-id-im\e-utri) [} ov>/, generation : />/. ,
Gonidimid\. Applied to gonidial cells ; certain
lichens intermediate between gonidia proper and
gonimia.

Gonidiophore (go-nid'-e-o-for) [yoi7/,seed; (prpciv, to
bear]. In biology, the fruiting-organ of certain fungi
producing spores asexually.

Gonidium {go-nid'-e-um) [;ow), seed: />/. , Gonidia],
In biology, (a) one of the grass-green algal elements
of the lichen thallus. (/>) Also called Gonid, and applied
to various asexually-produced reproductive bodies.
Cf. Pseudocyst.

Gonimium (go-nim'-e-um | [y6vi/ioc, able to produce:
//. , Gonimia]. In biology, glaucous-green or bluish-
green gonidia.

Gonioautecious (go-ne-o-aw-te* 'ske-us) [yuvia, an
angle ; avror. the same ; <i'ii«tr, house]. In biology,
applied to plants producing both male and female in-
llorescences, as mosses with the bud-like male organs
growing on a female branch.

Gonion [g^-ne-on) [yuvia, an angle]. See Craniome-
tric Point.;.

Goniotheca {go-ne-o-the'-kah ) [yuvia, an angle ; Qtjktj,
a case : />/., GoniotAecte]. See Macrosporangium.

Goniotropous {^o-ne-ot'-ro-pus) [yuvia, an angle;
, to turn]. In biology, applied to certain quad-
rangular stems, in which two of the angles are anterior
and posterior, and the others lateral. Cf. Pleurotrop-
ous.

Gonio-zygomatic { y-o-nc-o-zi-go-mat' -ik) [yov'ia, an
an;.'1 . a yolk]. Relating to the gonion and

the zygoma.

Gonitis [go-ni'-t; \ . v, knee ; mr, inflammation].
Inflammation of the knee-joint.

Gonoblast i on' o I I >», generation; [i?.aoT6c,

germ]. A sperm-cell or germ-cell; any cell con-
cerned directly in reproduction ; a spermatozoon ; an
ovum.

Gonoblastidium (gon-o-blas-tid'-e-um) [y6vog, genera-

GONOBi )I.I \

529

G( >SS"S I'llN

tion, seed; QTuurrdg, germ: //. , Gonoblastidid\. A
term applied by Huxley to the organs sel apart for tbe

production of generative buds in the Physophorida
and other Hydrozoa. Cf. Blastostyle.

Gonobolia {gon-o-bo1 '-le-ah) [,'"'/, semen; .iij/'/m- ,
to throw], I. The ejaculation of semen. 2. Sper-
matorrhea.

Gonocace {gon-okf -as-e) \y6w, knee; k&kt], evil].
Same as Gonarthrocace.

Gonocalyx (gon-o-ka' -liks) \_y6vog, generation, seed ;
Kn'/r;, a cup: pi., Gonocalices, Gonocalyxe ]. In biol-
ogy, a term applied by 1 luxley to the investment of the
reproductive organs of many of the Hydrozoa, having
more or less the structure of a nectocalyx, but from
whose walls those of the actual genital sac, the man-
ubrium of Allman, tend to Income independent.

Gonocele (gon'-o-sel) [yovv, knee ; k/////, tumor]. A
swelling of the knee.

Gonocele [gon'-o-sil) \yovfj, semen; /07A77, tumor]. 1.
A tumor of a testis, or of a spermatic cord, due to
retention of semen. 2. Synonym of Gonorrheal
Rheumatism.

Gonocheme [gon'-o-klm) \y6vog, generation, seed;
bxeiv, to carry, hold]. In biology, hydroid medusa.-
bearing genitalia.

Gonochorismus {gon-o-kor-iz' -mas) \y6vog, generation,
sex ; ^w/mct^oc, separation]. In biology, the special-
ization of sex ; the differentiation of male or female
genitalia in a developing embryo ; the separation of
the sexes in phylogeny.

Gonococcus (gon-o-kok' -us) [yovlj, semen ; kokkoq, ker-
nel]. A microbe thought to be the specific cause of
gonorrhea. See Gonorrhea, and Bacteria, Synonym-
atic Table of.

Gonocyst {gon'-o-sist) [yovog, generation, seed ; Kvang,
a pouch]. In biology, the inflation of the surface of
the zoarium in which the embryos are developed in
certain of the Polyzoa. See Gonecysl.

Gonoid ( goi-noid ) [ydvog, semen; eMoc, appearance].
Resembling semen.

Gonolobus (gon-o lo'-bus] \yovoq, semen; ?io/?dc, pod].
A genus of asclepiadaceous plants, all American. G.
macrophyllus, of the U. S. , has a cathartic and poison-
ous root. Unof. Some varieties of condurango are
furnished by plants of this genus.

Gonophore (gon'-o-for) \y6vog, seed; fopog, bear].
In biology : I, a stipe below stamens. 2. The ultimate
generative zooid of the Hydroid-medusa, that which
immediately produces the generative elements. It
may be either medusiform or sacciform.

Gonoplasm (gon'-o-plazm) [yovoc, seed; TiAaaitu. any-
thing formed]. In biology, that portion of the pro-
toplasm of the male fertilizing element in certain
cryptogams that penetrates and fertilizes the oosphere.

Gonopod {gon'-o-pod \ \y6vog, generation ; kovq, foot].
In biology, one of the specialized abdominal feet of
certain male crustaceans, functionating as auxiliary re-
productive organs.

Gonopoiesis (gon-o-poi-e'-sis) . See Gonepoiesis.

Gonopoietic (gon-o-poi-et' ik | [; 6 ivc, generation, seed;
Troiz/riKor, productive]. In biology, productive of re-
productive elements, as ova or spermatozoa.

Gonorrhea (gon-or-e'-ah) [,-" • semen; poia, a
flow]. Etymologically, an involuntary discharge
of semen, but generally applied to a specific infectious
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urethra
and adjacent cavities. The gonococcus of Neisser is
believed to be the specific microbe of gonorrhea. It is
a diplococcus, found in clumps of from 10 to 20, sur-
rounded by a mucous envelop. G. balani, affects
the glans penis. G., Bastard. See G., Mucous. G.,
Dry, a form unassociated with discharge. G., Mu-
34

cous, the so-called abortive or slight superficial ca-
tarrh. The inflammation never runs high, and sub-
side-, in from seven to fourteen days. G. preputialis.
See Balanitis. G. sicca. See G., /

Gonorrheal n r-e'-al) \ybvog, semen; pi

(low]. Relating to gonorrhea. G. Ophthalmia.
See Ophthalmia. G. Rheumatism, inflammation
of one or more joints as a sequel of gonorrhea. G.
Wart. See Venereal Wart.

Gonoscheocele [gon-os/-he-o-sel)[^ym ; bax^ov,

scrotum; idjTtf], tumor]. A distention of the testicle
with semen.

Gonosome (gon/-o-sotn) \y6vog, generation, seed;
ni.niii. the body]. In biology, the entire assembly
ot generative zooids in a hydroid colony.

Gonospherium 1 ron-o rfe'-re-uni) \_y6vog, generation,
seed; o<j>alpa, sphere : pi., Gonospheria"]. In biol
a lorm of oogonium in which the protoplasm i-
densed at the (enter of the cell and separated by a
space from the cell-wall.

Gonostroma (gon-o-stro/-mah) , offspring;

or/iufta, stroma]. The proligerous disc.

Gonotheca {gon-o-tke'-kah) \y6vog, generation, seed ;
"/,/.//, case : //. , Gonotheca'']. In biology, the chitin-
ous hull of the reproductive capsules of certain hydro-
zoans.

Gonozemia {gon-o-ze'-m,'-a!i) [yovog, semen ; (.rifita,
flow]-. Excessive secretion or discharge of semen.

Gonozobid (gon-o-zo'-oid) [yovog, generation ; I
animal ; eldoc, form]. In biology, one of the sexual
zooids of an ascidian.

Gonyagra (g.ou-e-a/-grah). See Gonagra.

Gonyalgia \gon-e-alf-je-ah\. See Gonalgia.

Gonybatia ( i;o>i-e-bar-she-ah) [yaw, knee ; (laiveiv, to
go]. Walking upon the knees ; a symptom encountered
in some paralytic and paretic cases.

Gonycampsis (gon-e-hamp/-sis) \_yow, knee; nafitpig,
curve]. Deformity of the knee by curvation.

Gonyocele (gon'-e-o-sel) \y6vv, knee; m,'/.ij, tumor].
Same as Gonyoncus.

Gonyoncus {gon-e-ong* -kits) \y6w, knee; 0; koc .
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the knee.

Gonys (go'-m's) [yivvg, the chin]. In biology/, the line
of symphysis of the mandibles of a bird.

Gonytyle {gon-e-ti'-le) \yow, knee; ri'//;. pad]. A
prominent thickening of the skin upon the knee.

Goodyera igood-ye' -rafi) [after John Goodyer, an Eng
lish botanist]. A genus of orchidaceous plants. G.
repens of Asia, Europe, and America, i- a popular
medicine. G. pubescens of X. America 1 rattlesnake
plantain, cancer-plant) is applied to sores, cancer.-,
etc. Unof.

Goose (goos) [ME., goos, a goose]. A bird of the
family of Anserines. G. -flesh. See G.-skin. G.-
foot. See Pes anserinus. G. -grass. - 'ium

aparine. G.-skin, Cutis ansera. Goose-flesh, a |
lar name for a well-known condition of the skin
marked by prominence about the hair-follicles.
. irrector pili Muscle.

Gore (gor) [ME.. . gore]. Thick or clotted blood.

Gorged Stomach (gorfd stum'-ak). See Stomach
Staggers.

Gorgeret {gor-jer-eP) [IT. . throat]. A surgeon's

gorget, especially a small gorget.

Gorget 1 I .a chasm]. A channeled in-

strument similar to a grooved director. It may be
blunt, sharp, hooked, etc. In biology, a throat-
patch, as the brilliant throat of the humming-bird.

Gorgon's Head. See Caput medusa.

Gosselin's Fracture. A V-shaped fracture of the distal
extremity of the tibia, involving the ankle-joint.

Gossypiin (gos-ip'-e-in) [gossyprium, the cotton-tree].

-A I'lM

.

In I

im ■

G

i [1

fatty

li is

G rad., Cortex,

G :.i 1 • Kxt.,

mm<

mm.

n li.

m basal

H llll tile

G.'s Curet,

ills.

ir cutting
■ I structui

i

G.'s Extract.

i, Methods of.
Gouran Goyrand's, Disease.

G.' . Hern

[Ml . gourd].

Gou: a drop].

■ 1 by an ex

illy sodium

■ilium urate

irticular surfaces of

it in tin irdiac

idneys may

jeal joint of the

I attack, and

Tophi

diminished solubility

idity of the blood ; to

tnd failure in function

tive

ul I he

. tense pain in

. pyrexia,

the night.

ular in
I ris. G.,

'■'

-oceden" i, ,1

without

]. ' »f t!
G. Kidney.

I.

mn. G.s' Front-tap

-

G.'s Pupil.

GRAHAMITE

Gowland's Cosmetic. Lotion, or Wash. A famous
lotion used iii the treatment of acne, and said to have
contained oxymuriate of mercury in an emulsion of

bitter almond-.
Gr. Abbreviation of train.
Graafian Follicles, or Vesicles. Peculiar vesicular

bodies existing in the cortex of the ovary as well a- in

Arranged
compress
size, the

Graafian Follicle and Ovule, with Proligkrous Disc

the ovarian stroma. Within them the ova mature.
See / 'esicle.

Gracilis [eras' '-il-is) [L. , slender]. See Muscles, Table
of. G. Experiment, an experiment performed upon
the gracilis muscle of the frog, showing that pure
muscular excitation does not travel backward from the
muscle to the nerve.

Gradient | gra'-de-ent) [gradi, to step, to go]. In biol-
ogy, walking, rather than creeping or jumping.

Graduate (grad'-u-dt) \gradus, a step]. To take a
degree from a college or university. Also, a person
on whom a degree has been conferred. Also, in
pharmacy, a glass vessel upon which the divisions of
liquid measure have been marked.

Graduated [grad'-u-a ted)[gradits, a step]
in degrees or steps. G. Compress, a
made of pieces decreasing progressively in
apex or smallest piece being applied to the
focus of pressure. G. Cones. See Cones.
G. Full Bath. See Bath.

Graefe's Collyrium. The celebrated colly-
rium adstringens luteum. It was made as
follows: Camphor, io grains; alcohol, i
ounce; chlorid of ammonium, 15 grains;
sulphate of zinc, 30 grains ; croci pulv.
hispanici, 2 grains ; distilled water, 5 ounces.
One drop of this, after filtration, is used
morning and evening. G.'s Knife, a
knife for the performance of the operation
for cataract. G.'s Operations. SeeOfera-
tions, Table of. G.'s Signs or Symp-
toms. See, Signs and Symptoms, Table

Graefe's

Grafenberg System. See Hydrotherapy. Knife.

Graft [ME., graft]. A small portion of skin,

bone, periosteum, nerve, etc., inserted into or upon a

raw surface or tissue deficient in the special structure

desired. G., Sponge, the insertion of antisepticized

i as a framework for the granulations.

Graham Bread. Brown bread; wheaten bread made
from unbolted flour.

Grahamism xm-izni) [after Sylvester Graham,

an American reformer]. V iism; a theory of

dietetic ami medical reform started in 1.S39.

Grahamite ( %raf-am it) [after Sylvester Graham\. A
• tarian ; a follower of the teachings of Sylvester
1am, 1794— 1851.

GRAHE'S TES I

531

GRANULOMA

Grahe's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Grain {gr&n) \_granum, corn], A general name ap-
plied to starch-producing seeds, or i<> those of the
i i reals. Also, any small seed. In pharmai v, a small
pill. Also, the -..',. 1( part of tire I roj pound.

Graining-colors. See Pigments, t olors, and Dyestuffs.

Grains of Paradise [Grana paradisi, " grains of para
dise "]. The unripe fruit of Amotnum melegueta,
and ui A. granum paradisi, brought from \\ . Africa.
It is an aromatic stimulant and diuretic, useful in
some cases of neuralgia. I'nof.

Grallatorial (gral-at-o'-re-al) \_grallator, one who
walks on stilts]. In biology, applied to wading-birds.

Gram, Gramme {gram) [ypdfj./xa, a Greek weight].
The weight of a cubic centimeter of distilled water at
its maximum density. The gravimetric unit of the
metric system of weights and measures. Sec Metric
System. G. [Anglo-Indian.] A commercial name
for the chick-pea, Cicer arietinum, and for other varie-
ties of pulse.

Gram's Fluid. See Gram's Solution. G.'s Method,
I. See (/raw's Solution. 2. See Treatment, Methods
of. G.'s Solution, a test for amyloid liver, and a mor-
dant in staining for tubercle-bacilli, consisting of iodin
I part, potassium iodid 2, water 300. The preparation
is taken from the color-bath, washed and plunged into
this solution until it takes a blackish tinge, then
washed in alcohol until decolorization is complete.
This process is called Grant s Method. See Stains,
Table of.

Gramineous (gram-in'-e-us) [gramen, grass]. In
biology, grass-like.

Graminifolious (gram-in-if-o' '-le-us) [gramen, grass ;
folium, a leaf]. In biology, having grass-like leaves.

Graminivorous {gram-in-it/ -or-us) [gramen, grass;
vorare, to devour]. Feeding upon grass.

Grammatic Acataphasia (gram-af ' -ik ak-at-af-a'-
ze-ah). The faulty use of words, due *not to ignor-
ance, but to some central brain-lesion. See Acata-
phasia.

Grammopetalous (gram-o-pet* '-al-us) [ypaiiui/, a
stroke or line ; TriraAov, a leaf]. In biology, having
petals like leaves of grass, linear.

Grana paradisi {gran' -ah par-ad-i' -si) [L.]. See
Grains of Paradise.

Granatum ( gran-a'-tum) [granum, a grain: gen.,
Granati~\. Pomegranate. The cortex of the root of
Punica granatum contains a liquid alkaloid, pelletierin,
C8H13NO, one of the most efficient anthelmintics
against tapeworm, rarely failing to bring away the
whole worm. G., Fid. Ext. Dose Zss-jss. G.,
Decoctum, fresh bark gxvij, water ^xvij, boiled to

z xii and strained. Dose

-Vj.

Pelletierin

tannas, tannate of the alkaloid, C8HI3NO.CHIIln( ),,.
Dose gr. v-xx followed by a quick purgative. P. sul-
phas, very hygroscopic. Dose v-x. All unof.

Grancher's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.

Grand Mai (grand ma\h)l) [Fr.]. A term for fully-
developed epilepsy ; major epilepsy.

Grandeau's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Grandeur, Delirium of, or Delusions of. Insane
exaltation of mind, with false opinions as to one's own
greatness and dignity.

Grandidentatus (gran-de-den-ta'-tus) [grandis, large;
dens, a tooth]. Having large teeth.

Grandin (gran'-din) [grando, a hailstone]. A peculiar
substance found in the urine of pregnant women. It
is supposed to produce kyesteln by its decomposition.

Grandry's Corpuscles. A variety of sensitive nerve-
terminations consisting of delicately punctate and
sharply defined cells that are flattened and lens-like in
form, and have a nucleus, the latter being the so-called

Tactile Cells of Merkel. They occur in the beak and
tongue nf the duck and goose, in the epidermis of man

and mammals, etc. They are the sami as thi
puscles of Krau
Graniticoline { gran-it -ik' -o-lin) [It .granite;

eolere, to inhabit]. In biology, applied to -in h lichens
as grow upon granite.
Granny Knot ran' e not A tie of a cord in which
in the second loop the end oi one cord i- over and
the other under its fellow, so that the two loops do
not lie in the same line. This knot can easily In-
converted into a slip-knot. See Knot.
Granular ( %ranf -u-lar) [granum, a grain]. Made up
nl, containing, or bearing granules. G. Casts. See
Is. G. Corpuscles. See Granule-cell. G. De-
generation. See Cloudy Swelling. G. Degenera-
tion of the Cervix. See Erosion. G. Kidney, a
kidnej affected with diffuse or insterstitial nephritis. G.
Lids. See Trachoma. G. Liver, a cirrhosed liver.
See Cirrhosis. G. Pharyngitis, follicular pharyngitis.
Granulated [gran' -u-la-ted) [granula, a little grain].
Characterized by the presence of granulations <>r
granules.
Granulation (gran-u la'-shun) [granula, dim. of gra-
num, a grain]. I. The operation of reducing coarsely
crystalline substances to particles of uniform size by
solution and rapid evaporation, with constant stirring.
Sume substances, like ferrous sulphate, are best gran-
ulated by filtering a strong solution into alcohol. 2.
The formation of new or cicatricial tissue in the repair
of wounds or sores, the surface of which has a granu-
lar appearance ; also, anyone of the elevated points
of such a surface or formation. G., Miliary, a mili-
ary tubercle. G. -tissue, new or cicatricial tissue
made up of granulations, or by the process of granu-
lation.
Granulative (gran'-u-la-tiv) [granula, a little grain].
Pertaining to or marked by the process of granulation.
Granule (gran' -ill) [granula, a little grain]. In anat
omy, any small rounded grain, such as is found in the
Malpighian bodies of the spleen. Also a spore or an
isolated cell. In pharmacy, a small pill. G., Ele-
mentary, irregular protoplasmic bodies in the blood,
smaller than ordinary blood-corpuscles. G., Seminal,
any one of the solid particles of the semen, consisting
of round, granular corpuscles. G.-cell, any one of a
variety of round cells found in pathologically softened
brain-tissue, and densely tilled with fat-globules. G.-
mass, a giant-cell.
Granulia [pran-u'-le-an) [granula, a little grain]. Em-
pis' name for an acute inflammatory condition dis-
tinct from tuberculosis, but, like it, characterized bV the
development of granulations within organs and on
serous surfaces.
Granulistics (gran-u-lis'-tiks) [granula, a little grain].
That branch of physics employed in the estimation of
the volume or capacity of a body by means of seed,
shot, sand, granules, etc.
Granulitis (gran-u-li'-tis) [granula, a little grain ; itk;,

inflammation]. Acute miliary tuberculosis.
Granuloma (gran-u-lo'-mah) [granulum, a small grain ;
inn:, a tumor: />/. , Granulomata~\. A term used by
Yirchowto includesuch a neoplasm as does not advance
beyond the stage of granulation-tissue. G. fungoides ;
Mycosis fungoides ; Fibroma fungoides ; a rare, chronic
inflammatory disorder, probably of specific origin, that
affects the superficial and deep lasers of the skin, and
occasionally the mucous membranes. It is marked by
the appearance of urticarial, erythematous, or eczema-
tous patches, of irregular shape and size, with well-
defined margins, usually upon the scalp and skin of
the trunk. Itching is intense, and frequently the

S I "M A i

GRAY

suits

i little
nature

G. Inflammation.

n], n.

■ mules ;

id liniment of ammonia.
■ pulmonary tuber
quantitii
I not i.i than

11

laily, beginning with

• iould ii"i exceed

influence of the grapes is

: the gums produced by

by rinsing the mouth

.1 little bicarl I sodium

G. -disease, a vulgar synomyn lor tuber-

ttle. G. -sugar. icose

Grapes

Graphite vrite]. Plumbago, or

It
it> dilu-
l nof.
Graphology

dwriting or of written
iting nerve-

Graphoman:.: writing;

An ii to write.

. I i write ;
I with graphomania.
Grapho riting; a~aa-

G.-oil.
Q --taggers, indigestion of
G.-tree Resin.
Grat;:..; A fram

d by
ol
ly fine parallel
n in the rays of

■ ). A genus of
G. aurea, G. carolinensis,

G. officinalis,
. and is a

G.'s Bundle, optic

It

ice ;
lin.

ranu

G.-wax.

Gravedo (grav-e* .■' i[I..]. i. Muscular rheumatism of

the head. -. ( '■

Gravel i | M I . travel, gravel] In surgery, a

union name for the larger calculi or urinarj con

tions. Also, difficult or painful micturition. G.-

plant. See /'/;■■ I butus. G. -root, Queen of the

Meadow, the i « >* »t of Eupatorium purpureum, or of

ma canadensis. See Eupatorium and Collin-

:ia.
Graveolent ' o-knt) [gravis, heavy; olere, to

smell]. Having a strong, unpleasant odor; fetid.

Graves' Disease. See Goiter, Exophthalmic, and
Dis 'ase , Table of.

Gravid [grav/-id) [ , to load]. With child,

pregnant. G. Uterus, the womb during pregnancy
i ir gestation.

Gravida (grav'-id-ah) [gravidus, pregnant]. A preg-
nant w.mian.

Gravidin [grav/-id-in) [gravidus, pregnant]. A pecu
liar substance occurring in white transparent globules
on the surface of the urine voided by pregnant women.
G.-test, a worthless sign of pregnancy. After the
first month of pregnancy the urine of the gravid woman,
if allowed to .stand from thirty hours to eight days,
will have formed upon it a pellicle with a cheesy odor
and an appearance like the " fatty scum of cooled
broth." Kxamined microscopically and chemically
the pellicle shows fungi, triple phosphates, fat-globules,
and sometimes a peculiar form of albumin. It may
be found in urine from men, young girls, and very old
women, hence is of no value as a test of pregnancy.
The test is also called the Kyestetn Test.

Gravidism, or Gravidity (grav'-id-izm, or grav-id/-
it-e) [gravidus, pregnant]. Pregnancy, or the total-
ity of symptoms presented by a pregnant woman.

Gravimeter (grav-im'-et-er) [gravis, heavy ; fiirpov,
measure]. An instrument used in determining spe-
cific gravities; especially a hydrometer, aerometer, or
urinomi

Gravity (grav'-it-e) [gravis, heavy]. The property
ol possessing weight. Also, a condition of serious im-
port. G., Specific, the measured weight of a sub-
stance compared with that of an equal volume of an-
other tal-.i n as a standard. For gaseous fluids, hydro-
i is taken as the standard ; for liquids and solids,
distilled water at it* maximum density.

Grawitz's Theory. A theory as to the immunity con-
ferred by inoculation. The cells of the body and the
bacteria take their nutrition from the same places, and
it is a true tight for existence between them. If the
cells come out victorious, they become habituated to
the struggle with the bacteria, and are more able to
resist a second attack, and this quality is transmitted
to the succeeding generations of body-cells by heredity.
This theory is purely hypothetic.

Gray (gra) [ME., gray, gray], i. Of a color between
white and black 2. I laving gray hairs. G. Hepatiza-
tion. See Hepatization and Pneumonia. G. Indura-
tion. See Induration. G. Infiltration. See Infiltration.
G. Lanolin Ointment. See G. Oil. G. Matter,
the Brain. G. Oil, Oleum cinereum,

emifluid, fatty, mercurial liquid introduced into
medicine by Lang, ol \ ienna. in 1SS6. It is used in
the treatment of syphilis by injections. It is prepared
follows: A given quantity of lanolin — i or i
drari rubbed up with sufficient chloroform to

emulsify it. This mixture is to be thoroughly triturat-
during which operation the chloroform will evap
orati . While the mixture is still in a fluid sta
metallic una. ury to the amount of double the quantity
die lanolin is to be added, the trituration being
inwhile continued. A- a result, a pomade ofmer-

GREASE

r,:;::

GRO< ERS' I'K II

curv is left, which represents two parts of mercury and
one pan <>f lanolin. This is called strong gray lanolin
ointment. From this salve-basis a 50 pei 1 ent. oleum
cinereum, ox gray oil, may be obtained by mixing three
parts with one part of olive-oil. A mild gray
lanolin ointment ma) be made in the same manner a^
the strong, by taking equal parts oi lanolin and m 1
cury and thoroughly mixing them. From this salve
basis a 30 per cent, gray oil may be made In mixing
six parts with four parts of fresh almond oil or olive-
oil. G. Powder, hydrargyrum cum creta. See Hy-
drargyrum.

Grease (grls) [ME., grei . grease]. Soft or oily ani-
mal fat. In farriery, a swelling and inflammation in
a horse's leg, with excretion of oily matter and the for-
mation of cracks in the skin. G.-trap, a contrivance
employed to prevent clogging of waste pipes, a^ well
as to save the grease, which has considerable commer-
cial value.

Great (grat) [ME., gret, great]. Large. G. Laurel, the
leaves of Rhododendron maximum, an expectorant,
useful in obstinate coughs. Dose of the fid. ext. n\,v— xv.
Unof. G. Mortality. Synonym of the Plague. G.
Pox. Synonym of Syphilis, to distinguish it from
smallpox.

Green (grSn) [ME., grene, green]. 1. Verdant; of the
color of grass. 2. Unripe; not mature. G. Blindness.
Achloropsia, //. v. G. Dragon, the corm of
Arum dracontium, an expectorant and diaphoretic.
Dose of the fid. ext. mj-x. Unof. G. Bice. See Bre-
men Green. G.-blue. Same as Soluble-blue. G.
Cinnabar. See Pigments, Conspectus of. G. Gland,
one of the excretory organs (kidney) of a decapod crusta-
cean formerly supposed (in Astacus) to be an auditory
organ. The secretions contain uric acid and traces ofthe
base guanin. G. -heart. See Bebeeru. G.-man. See
Aceras. G. Osier, the bark of Cornus circinata.
an astringent, tonic, and febrifuge. Dose of the fid.
ext. ti\,xx— !jj. Unof. G., Paris, cupric arsenite. G.,
Scheele's, cupric arsenite. G., Schweinfurth's,
a compound of cupric arsenite and cupric arsenate.
G. -sickness. See Chlorosis. G. Smalt. Same as
Rinmann's Green. G. -stick Fracture. See Frac-
ture. G. Verditer. See Bremen Green.

Green's Test-types. A slight modification of Snellen' ' s
Test-types, </. v.

Greenhow's Cholera -mixture. A mixture containing
guaiacum, cloves, cinnamon, each I ounce ; brandy,
2 pints.

Greffotome (gref '-o-to/n) [Fr. , grefl~e, graft; ro/i6r,
cutting]. A knife used in cutting slips for surgical
grafting.

Gregarina (greg-ar-e* '-nah) [grex, a herd]. A genus of
parasitic protozoa, of extremely simple nature. It is
not certain that any true Gregarina infest the human
subject, most ofthe supposed protozoan parasites of the
human species being now referred to other classes or
groups. See Parasites {Animal), Table of.

Gregarinosis (greg-ar-in-o' '-sis) [grex, a herd ; vococ,
disease]. A morbid condition due to infestation by
Gregarina.

Gregarious (gre-gar -re-us) [grex, a flock, a herd]. In
biology, clustered, but not matted together, as the
fruit-spots of a parasitic fungus ; e.g., the cluster-cups.

Gregory's Powder. < ompound powder of rhubarb.
G.'s Salt, crude hydrochlorate of morphin containing
codein.

Grenacher's Alcoholic Carmin. See Stains, Table of.
G.'s Alum-carmin. See Stains, Table 0/. G.'s Pur-
purin Solution. See Stains, Table of. G.'s Solu-
tion. See Stains, Table of'.

Grenade (gren-ad'). Synonym of Influenza.

Grenet Cell. See Cell.

Gressorial 1 re-al) [gressus, p.p. of gradi, to

walk]. In biology, adapted for walking; gradient.

Griesinger's Disease. Cachexia aqu

Griffe I ffrif) [Sv.,gri/bs, frizzled hair]. 1. In bio!
the offspring 1 >i a mulatto and a degress, or of a inula t-
In^s and a negro. See Mulatto. 2. See Main >,

Griffin Hand (grif'-in hand). Same as Claw-hand.

Griffith's Mixture. Se< / num. G.'s Pills.

um. G.'s Snow-white. Same as Zincolith.

Grin [ME., grinnen, to show the teeth]. To smile, at
the -ame time -bowing the (■

Grindelia (grin-de* -le-ah) [after II. Grindel, a German
botanist]. The leaves and flowering top of G. robus-
ta, Wild Sunflower, or Gum plant, found in California,
an anstipasmodii and motor-depressant, in large d
produi ing mydriasis. It is valuable in asthma, bron< hi-
ti>, and whooping-cough. Dose of the fid. ext. rt^x-
5jj ; of the alcoholic extract, gr. iij. G. squarrosa,
ci >mmon ague- weed, an herb popular in the wi
S. as a reined} forague and malarial dise ises. It has
proved serviceable in chronic rheumatism. Dose of the
fid. ext. TTLxv-xxx. Unof. G. hirsutula and G.
integrifolia of tin- Pacific States have similar qualil
These plants are all highly resinous ; their tinctures
infusions arc- said to cure the dermatitis of rhus ;
oning.

Grindelin (grin' -del-in). An alkaloid reported to exist
in Grindelia rob;.

Grinder ( grin'-der) [M E., gryndere, a miller]. 1. See
Quizzer. 2. A molar tooth.

Grinders' Asthma. A chronic affection of the lungs
resulting from the inspiration of metallic or siliceous
dust, accumulating in the lungs, and producing symp-
toms similar to those of tuberculosis. It is called also
G.'s Rot and G.'s Disease. G.'s Disease. See
G. 's Asthma. G.'s Phthisis. See G.'s Asthma.
G.'s Rot. See G.'s Asthma.

Grinning (grin'-ing) [ME., grinnen, to snarl]. Draw-
ing back the lips, so as to show the teeth. G. -mus-
cle. See Muscles, Table of .

Grip or Grippe (grip). See Influenza.

Gripe {grip) [ME., gripe//, to seize]. 1. To suffer
griping pains. 2. A spasmodic pain in the bowels ;
cramp-colic.

Gripes (grips) [ME., gripe//, to seize]. Colic; tor-
mina.

Grippal {grip'-al) [Fr. , gripper, to seize]. Pertaining
to influenza.

Grippo-toxin (grip-o-toksf -in) [la grippe, an epidemic
form of influenza; toxicum, poison]. A term intro
duced by Althaus to designate the toxin of influenza.

Griseous (gris'-e-us) [griseus, gray]. Gray or bluish-
gray.

Grisolle Sign (gre-zoT s///). A sign said to be a cer-
tain means of diagnosis of smallpox. If, upon stretch-
ing an affected portion ofthe skin, the papule becomes
impalpable to the touch, the eruption is caused by
measles; if, on the contrary, the papule is still felt
when the skin is drawn out, the eruption is the result
of smallpox.

Gristle ( gr/Y-l) [ME., gristel, cartiiage]. The popu-
lar name for cartilage.

Gristly (gri^-le) [ME., gristel, cartilage]. Cartilagin-
ous ; like gristle.

Groan (gron) [ME., gronen, to groan]. To utter a
low, moaning sound, as when in pain. The sound so
uttered.

Grocers' Itch (gro'-serzich). Eczema of the hands,
due to irritation from flour, sugar, etc. It is said to be
due, in some cases, to the presence of sugar-mites
upon the hands.

(, I At IN

Groin i ihe

bel
Groove

Q Aunculo-ventricular. -

lub-

supe-

ihe internal

G., Dental.
G rbital. I « -it

m ii>

.1 nt

G., Lachryma in front

i the inn

G., Medullary, .1 long

rsal line

G.. Mylo-hyoid,

if the inferior maxil-

1 in the

G . Nasal, t! e in

G., Occipital,

■ the temporal

ipital artery. G., Optic, the

in noid bone

le in thi ramen. G.,

rum between

G., Subcla-

1 the under surface of

ittachment of the subclavius mus

G., Spiral. - G., Verte-

me on each side

Groping-test In ophthalmology, a

ition in paralysis of the ocular

:n it locate objects in

nt quickly at an

r will be carried to one side of

I r.]. The well-marked form

Gn> [F., gi it. G.

without reference to
tructure. G. Ap-
pearand- arances.
Grote's Tc t,
Grough, Grouph

Oroun '. iund]. The bot-

G. Ivy, a popular name tor Gaul-

G. Laurel. h„.

G.-nut Oil, peanut oil.

the seed of

[I 1

fan su

G. -water.

••1 A bird of the

G-berr ,|.,r name for Gaul-

G. -disease tat attacks

SCO-

■

the
Jd by some

e by

r]. In-
G--fc- ith

to neural

youth, apparently of varied origin and character.
G. -point, in botany, the tissue immediately about the
apical cell ; the tip of the stem or other point where
cell-division is active ; the Punctum vegetationis.
Growth (grdlA) [ME., growen, to growl. 1. The
augmentation of the body that takes place between in-
fanc) and adult age. Also, tin- increase of any part of
the body by addition to the number of its cellular ele-
ments, without the production of structural abnormality
or differentiation into unlike tissues. 2. Any tumor
or adventitious structure.

Grub [M I-!. , grubbi 11, to dig], I. A dwarf. 2. See
G.-in-the-head. See CEstrusovis, under
rasites (Animal), Tabic of. G. -worms. See
( ', >m

Gruber's Experiment. An experiment for detecting
anomalies ol tension in the ear membrane. A mem
Inane already excessively tense will give no alteration
during Valsalva's experiment (0. v.), but if the mem-
brane has been previously unduly relaxed. Valsalva's
experiment will, according to Gruber, restore its ten-
sion, and the vibrating fork will be heard better by air
conduction, and worse by bone-conduction than be-
fore or alter. G.*s Gelatin Bougies, medicated al-
mond-shaped pieces of gelatin for insertion into the
auditory meatus. G.'s Method. I. A method of
washing out the tympana. Syringe the fluid into one
nostril with the other closed, the fluid entering the
tympana by way of the Eustachian tubes. 2. A
method of inflating the middle ear. The patient is
required to phonate at the moment the inflation bag is
compressed. A short word, ending in a guttural con-
sonant, is advised, as " hie" or "hook."

Gruel (gru'-el) [dim. of grutum, meal]. A decoction
ol corn -meal or oat-meal boiled in water to a thick
paste.

Gruff (gruf) [D. , grof, coarse]. Any crude drug;
also the coarse part of a drug that will not pass through
a sieve ; the term is used also adjectively, as gruff
sulphur or saltpeter.

Grume (groom) \_grumus, a little heap]. A clot, as of
blood; a thick and viscid fluid.

Grumose (gru'-mbs) [grumus, a little heap]. Same as
Grumous.

Grumous (gru/-mus) \_grumus, a little heap]. Knotted,
dotty, or in granular masses. Formed of coarse,
clustered grains.

Grutum (gru'-tum) [grutum, grit]. A small, hard
tubercle of the skin, usually seen on the face, and due
to retention of sebaceous matter. It is also called
Miliary Tudercli and Pearly Tubercle. See Milium.

Gruyere Cheese [gru-yar^). See Cheese.

Gryposis (gri-po/-sis) [ypvnuaiq, curvature]. Curvature.
See Arthrogryposis and Onychogrypo

Gscheidlen's Method. A method of preparing hemo-
globin crystals. Take defibrinated blood that has
been exposed for 24 hours to the air, and keep it in a
closed tube ol narrow caliber for several days at 370
1 When the blood is spread on glass the crystals
form rapidly.

Gtt. Abbreviation of gulta, or gutta, drop, or drops.

Guachamaca (gwaw-shaw-mawf-kah\ [S. America].
The bark of an apocynaceous tree. G. toxifera,
or Malouetia nitida, of S. America, furnishes a
virulent arrow-poison, somewhat resembling curare;
it has been employed in tetanus and hydrophobia,
of.

Guachata. or Guachacata (gwaw-chaw,-tah,ox %waw-
chaw-kat'-aK) [Mex.]. The flowers of a Mexican
plant, containing several bitter tonic principles. Unof.

Guacin \_guaco\ A hitter resin from

guaco; it is diaphoretic, stimulant, and emetic. Unof.

GUACO

5.35

(.1 MM A

Guaco (givaw'-kd) [S. Amer.]. Theleavesof MUtania
guaco, much used in S. America for snake-bites, h is
thought to be of value in chronic rheumatism. Dose
of the rid. ext. 3 ss-j. Unof. Various species of Mika
nia and Aristolochia are locally known by tin.-, name.

Guaiac (gwi'-ak) [S. Amer]. Sec Guaiacum. G-
mixture, Fenner's. The Tinctura antacrida [N.
F.], a tincture of the resin of guaiacum and < anada
turpentine, in which each lluidram contains ' -, of
a grain of the corrosive chlorid of mercury. G.-
test. Sec Tests, Table of.

Guaiacol [gwi'-ak-ol) [S. Amer.], C7H802. A sub-
stance that occurs in wood tar, and is also produced on
heating pyrocatechin with potassium hydroxid and po-
tassium methyl-sulphate to i8o° C. It is a colorless
liquid that boils at 2000 ('., and has a specific gravity
of 1. 117. It is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and
acetic acid, and is recommended instead of creasote in
pulmonary tuberculous Dcse m j-ij, or gr.
SciolIa(l893 (found that topical a] plications of guaiacol
reduced bodily temperature, and J. Solis-Cohen and
1 >a Costa (I '()') have applied the method successfully
in cases of high temperature in ty] hoid feverand other
febrile diseases. The dose is about 30 drops slowly
rubbed on the skin of the abdomen or thigh. Unof.

Guaiacum {gwi'-ak-utn) [Guaicauans, a tribe of S. A.
Indians]. Lignum vitae. The heart of the tree, and also
the oleoresin, of G. officinale and G. sanctum, a
prompt diaphoretic, expectorant, and alterative, efficient
in tonsillitis, neuralgic dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and
rheumatism, and formerly much used as an antisyphili-
tic. Dose gr. x-xxx. G., Mist. (B. P.) Dose ifj-iss.
G, Resina, the resin of the wood of G. officinale. G.,
Tinct., strength 20 percent. Dose rr^v-^j in mucil-
age. G., Tinct., Ammoniat., contains guaiac 20, and
aromatic spirit of ammonia 80 parts. Dose n\v— 3 ss-

Guanin (gwaaZ-ntn) [Sp. , guano, dung] , C5H5N50.
A leukomalne discovered by Unger in 1844, as a con-
stituent of guano. Since then it has been found in
small quantities in the pancreas, liver, and muscle ex-
tract, and has been shown to be one of the decomposi-
tion products of nuclein in both animal and vegetable
organisms. In the case of the lower animals it is evi-
dently the end-product of katabolic change. It is a
white, amorphous powder, insoluble in water, alcohol,
ether, and ammonia. Guanin and kreatin appear to
mutually replace each other — both being substituted
guanidins. Guanin is an intermediate product in the
formation of urea. It is non-poisonous and a muscle-
stimulant. See Capranica's Tests.

Guano [gwaw'-no) [Peruv., huanu, dung]. The ex-
crement of sea-fowl found on certain islands in the
rainless regions of the Pacific Ocean. It consists es-
sentially of alkaline urates and phosphates. It is used
externally in certain skin-diseases. Unof.

Guarana igwaw-rah' '-nah\ [the name of a tribe of S. A.
Indians]. A dried paste prepared from the seeds of
Paullinia cupana, found in Brazil. It contains an alka-
loid, guaranin, C8H10N4< >._,. II.,< >, identical with caffein.
It is employed chiefly in nervous sick-headaches. The
commercial preparations are not always trustworthy.
Dose of the lid. ext., n^v-xxx ; of guaranin gr. j-iij ; of
the solid ext. gr. iij-x ; of the tincture (1 in 4) ^ss-j.

Guard (gara) [garder, to keep]. An appliance on
a knife to prevent too deep incision. G.-cell, in
biology, one of the two semilunar epidermal cells,
inclosing the opening of a stoma in plants.

Guardian-cells {gar* -de-an-seh \. Same as Guard-cell.

Guarinari's Agar-gelatin. A culture-medium com-
posed of agar agar 3-4 gms., -odium chlorid 5 gms. ,
peptone 25-30 grms. , gelatin 40-60 gms., water 50
c.c. , meat-infusion 950 c.c.

Guaycuru {guri-ku-ru') [Sp.]. The S. American name
ol various plants, asStatica bra ill n i and S. antarc-

ti<a. The root is a very powerful astringent. Unof.

Gubernaculum testis [gu-ber-nak' -u-lum tes/-tis)
[I..]. The conical -shaped cord attached above the
lower em 1 of the epididymis and governing the descent
of the testes in fetal growth.

Gubler's Tumor. A prominence over the carpus of
the dorsum of the hand inchronii wrist drop from lead-
poisoning. See Signs and Symptoms , 'J a hie of.

Gudden's Atrophy Method. A method of demon-
strating the connection of a nerve trunk with a center.

It a porti >i a m rve trunk i- destroyed in a young,

growing animal, the peripheral libers will undergo
Wallerian degeneration, while the proximal cells and
libers connected with the destroyed portion will atro-
phy and disappear. G.'s Commissure, a mass of fibers
forming tin uppi 1 part of the optic tracts.

1 hey ( annot be demonstrated in man except in cases
of complete degeneration of the optic libers proper.
G.'s Ganglion, the cephalo-dorsal ganglion of the
mamillary body of the brain. G.'s Law. See
Law.

Guerin's Glands. See Gland. G.'s Method. See
Treatment , Method,

Guernsey Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Guettard, Glands of. See Gland.

Guidi, Canal of. See ( 'anal.

Guignet's Green. Same as Chrome-green.

Guillotine (git'-o-tin) [after Dr. J. I. Guillotin~\. A
surgical instrument for excision of the tonsils or growths
in the larynx, etc.

Guimet Blue. Same as French Blue.

Guinea {gin'-e) [African]. The name of a district on
the west coast of Africa. G. Fever, a form of inter-
mittent fever. G. -green. See Pigments, Conspectus
of. G. Pepper. See Grains of Paradise. G. -pig, an
animal of the genus Cavia, used in bacteriologic in-
vestigation. G.-worm, the Filaria medinensis, a
nematode worm of tropical countries, that in the
human tissues in which it burrows may, unless re-
moved, develop to a length of several feet, produc-
ing inflammatory ulceration. See Thread-worm. G.-
worm Disease. See Dracontiasis.

Gula (gu'-laK) [L.: pi., Gula\. The gullet; the neck
and throat, or the pharynx and esophagus. In biology:
I. An exoskeletal piece on the under side of the head
of certain insects, behind thementum and between the
genae. 2. The upper portion of the front of the neck
of a bird.

Gulancha {goo-Ian' '-hah) [F.. Ind.]. The plant,
Tinospora cordifolia, of India. Its stems and roots
are diuretic, tonic, and antiperiodic. Unof.

Gular (gu'-lar) [gula, the gullet]. Pertaining to the
throat, pharynx, or gula.

Gulinula {gu-lin' '-u-lah) [gula. throat]. In biology,
applied by Hyatt to that stage in the development of
an actinozoan in which the actinostome or gullet is
formed; it follows the hydroplanula stage.

Gullet {gul'-et). See

Gum [MTL.,gumme, gum]. A name loosely applied to
the concreted juice-, of plants. Chemically, a substance
yielding mucic acid when treated with nitric acid. S
also, Gums, and the names of the various gums. G.
Arabic. See Acacia. G. Benjamin. See Ben
G.-boil, abscess of the gum. G. Dammar. See
Dammar. G. -plant. See Grindelia. G. -resins.
See A'esins. G. Tragacanth. See Tragacanth.
G.-wood Tents. See Tupelo.

Gumma (gum'-ah) [Fr. , gomme: //. , Gummata~\.
A soft, elastic tumor resulting from a peculiar kind of
caseation of tertiary syphilitic inflammatory deposits.

MMAT<

GYMNI >!»< >\ I

Gummatous
the

Gun.

.Ml.
I IOUS,

■ 1 in pla

I

hire

axis

- outwardly from

.

• i gas

rd in breathing,

on tain fluid,

the abdomen in

- in which the bowel

1 liquid.

:..!,]. I'.iil aiuian

i ibtained from

I i South-

ba but more decided

i It is an

ul in true leprosy. Hose

cnbauer's Suture. Sic Sutu

. • • i iste]. The
ng. G.. Chromatic, the

I by the

■'T.

j. Per-

I iste and its organs.

G iud G. Cell, a spindle-cell

• • bud. G. Nerve.

tnmon name f< ir intes-
G. Suture. G.-tie, volvulus

A drop. Also,
tieth part of a fl
G Black-drop, a dilute at

d with sugar and

G. rosacea. See Acne. G. rosea.

G. serena, a synonym

G.-pcrcha, ibtained from

- I >i

. varying

reddish or brownish,

r; it has

■

l be kneaded or

d in insulating

Of tlll|

tlphid. G.-p., Liq.,
oform with

d as a I
I eruptii

I otted

A phai

Is of a

•/ , Gut-

Guttulate {guf-u-liti) [guttula, a small drop]. In bi-

resembling small drops oi oil or resin.
Guttur [guttur, the throat]. The throat

with reference to the tra< bea. G. tumidum. Sj no

n\in ol
Guttural {guf '-u-ral) [gutturalis, pertaining to the

throat J. Pertaining to the throat. G. Pouch, in the

horse one of the large ail sacs, diverticula from the
istachian tubes ami lying behind the upper part of

the pharynx.
Gutturomycosis [gut-u-ro mi-k</-sis) [guttur, throat ;
. fungus]. An ulcerative affection of the guttural

pou< hes of horses and mules, produi ed bj the parasitic

fungus, Gutturomyces equi.
Gutturo-palatine {gut' -u-ro-pal' -at-iri) [guttur, the

throat; palatum, the palate]. Relating to the pha-

r\ n\ and the [..date.
Gutturo-tetany (gul/-u-ro-tel/-an-e) [guttur, throat ;

tetanus, tetanus]. A form ol stuttering in which the
: m i 'i such sounds as g, k, </, is difficult.
Guyon's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.
Gymnanthous (jim-nan'-taus) [yvfivbg, naked; it

flower]. In biology, applied to flowers wanting in

fli >l al eli\ eli ips.

Gymnasium (jim-na'-ze-um) [yvfivoq, naked]. A
place designed and fitted with appliances for the
systematic exercise of the muscles and other organs of
the body. Also, in Germany, a high-school.

Gymnastic ( jim-nas'-tik) [yvfivbg, naked]. Pertaining
to bodily exercise, or to the science of preserving
health by bodily exercise.

Gymnastics {Jim-nas' '-tiks) [yv/iv6g, naked]. ["he
science of preserving (and of restoring) health by
bodily exercise. G., Medical, any physical exercise
designed to restore or promote health. G., Ocular,
regular muscular exercise of the eye to overcome
muscular insufficiency. G., Swedish, a system of
exercises to restore strength to paretic muscles, and
found useful in a great variety of abnormal chronic
conditions.

Gymnaxony ( jim-naks' '-on-e) [yvf£i>6g, naked; ai-wv,
axis]. In biology, a monstrous flower in which the
placenta, with its ovules, protrudes from the ovary.

Gymnoblastic {jim-no-blas'-tik) [yvfiv6g, naked;
QXaardg, germ]. In biology; applied to those hydroid
polyps in which the zooids are not inclosed in horny
ptacles.

Gymnobranchiate ( fim-no-brangf-ke-df\ [yvfivbg, na-
il, gills]. In biology applied to those
niollu^cs that have naked gills; nudibranchiate.

Gymnocarpous (jim-no-ftar'-pus) [yvfivbg, naked;
-"' , fruit]. In biology, having the fruit naked ;
applied to lichens and fungi in which the apothecia
and hymenia are naked or exposed.

Gymnocaulus [jim-no-kaw'-lus) [yvfivdg, naked;
. stalk]. In biology, the immature contractile
eon! or stalk of a polypid.

Gymnoceratous (jitn-no-ser'-at-us) [yv/ivdg, naked;
id/iag, horn]. In biology, applied to certain insects
with prominenl antennae.

Gymnocidium (fim-no nd'-e-um) \yvfiv6g, naked:
/>/., Gymnocidia\ In biology, the swelling at the
base o| the -nore-case in certain mossi

Gymnocladus (jim-no&'-lad-us). See Chicot,

Gymnocytaj jim-no-sif -tafi)[^ nuin , naked ; k\ t", ,a hoi
low], [n biology, a naked-celled, unicellular organism.

Gymnocytode ( fim-no -si'-tod ) [yvftvdg, naked ; Kvrog, a
hollow]. In biology, a naked, non-nucleated, unicellu-
lar organism, as a gregarine while in the mi merad stage.

Gymnodont (j'im'-no-dont) [yvfivdg, naked; 6i

th]. In biology, having naked teeth; applied to
certain fishes, as the parrot fish, the globe-fish, etc.

GYMNOG] \

537

GYRUS

Gymnogen {jim'-no-jen) [yvfiv6g, naked ; yevfyg, pro
ducing]. Same as Gymnosperm.

Gymnogenous ( //w-«iv'-iv;-«,>) [,'<<'"'. naked;

producing]. In biology, applied to birds thai

naked when batched.
Gymnogynous i jim-noj' -in-us) [, Vfivdi . naked ;

female]. En biology, applied to such plants as h

the ovary uncovered.
Gymnomyxine {jim-no-miks' -in) [yv/ivog, naked;

///c", slime]. In biology, applied to the lower pro

tii/i ia.
Gymnorhinal {jim-nor-if -nal) [yvfiv6g, naked; 'pig,

nose]. In biology, applied to birds having the nos-
trils naked or unfeathered.
Gymnosomatous [Jim-no- sof -mat-its) [; v/iv6g, naked ;
'/, body]. In biology, applied to certain mollusi s

that produce no shell; specifically, naked pteropods.
Gymnosperm ( jim' '-no-sperm) [; nimr, naked ; airi

seed]. In biology, a plant characterized by having

naked seeds (not inclosed, in a pericarp), as in the

coniferse.
Gymnospore ( jimf -no-spor) [yvuvug, naked ; andpog,

a seed]. In biology, a naked spore.
Gymnostomous ( jim-nos' -to-mus) [} vpvdg, naked ;

nzinui, mouth]. In biology, applied to such mosses

as have the mouth of the sporangium destitute of a

peristome.
Gynae- (jin'-e). See Gyne-.
Gynaecology ( jin-e-kol'-o-je). See Gynecology.
Gynaecomastia {jin-e-ko-mas'-te-ah). See Gyneco-
mastia .
Gynander {jin-an* '-der) [ywf/, woman; avr/p, man].

A man of effeminate or woman-like qualities.
Gynandria {jin-anf-dre-ak) [yvv//, woman ; avrjp,

man]. The same as Hermaphroditism.
Gynandrism, or Gynandromorphism {jin-an' -drizm

or iin-an' -dro-mor* -fizm) [}i'i>,, woman; avf/p, man;
V, form]. Hermaphroditism.
Gynandromorphism {jin-an-dro-morf'-izm) [ywr/,

female; avfjp, male; popoi/, form]. In biology, ap-

plied to such insect-monstrosities as combine both

male and female characters.
Gynandrophore {jin-an' '-dro-for) [ywf}, female ; <

male; ipipecv, to bear]. In biology, a stalk raising

the stamens and pistils above the insertion of the

corolla.
Gynandrosporous {jin-an-dros' -por-us) [;. wi/, female ;

('iri/n, male; aredpog, a seed]. In biology, applied to

certain algae that bear both male and female reproduc-
tive organs (oogonia and androspores) on the same

plant.
Gynandrous ( jin-an' '-drus) [y!n>avdpog, of doubtful

sex]. In biology, having the stamens and pistils more

or less intimately united.
Gynantherous ( jin-an' ' -ther-us) [ywr/, female ; avdqpog,

flowering]. In biology, applied to flowers in which

the stamens have been converted into pistils.
Gynatresia {jin-at-re/ -ze-ah) [yrrvq, woman; arpr/aia,

atresia]. Vaginal atresia.
Gynecatoptron {jin-ek-at-op/-tron) [ywi), woman;

KaToJTTpov, mirror]. A vaginal speculum.
Gynecian {jin-e' '-se-an) [ywfy, a woman]. Pertaining

to women.
Gynecic ( jin-e'-sik) [ywi/, woman]. Relating to

women.
Gynecium {jin-e' -se-um) [ywf], female ; oinog, house].

In biology, the name applied to the pistils of a (lower

taken as a whole.
Gynecologic {jin-e-ko-loj'-ik) [ywf], a woman;

/";«f, science]. Relating to gynecology.
Gynecologist {jin-e-koV -o-jisf) [; it;/, a woman; Adyog,

science]. One who practises in gynecology.

Gynecology {jin-e-koV -o [ , a woman; >

m e], I be si ienceand therapeutics of the diseases
of women.

Gynecomania (jin-e-ko-ma'-ne-ah) [,'",, woman ;
urn in, madness j. Satyriasis.

Gynecomastia {Jin-e-ko-mas' -te-ak) [ywf], woman;
uaa i i j. I. Th ive development of the

breast of a man, cither with or without atrophy of the
testicles. 2. The secretion of milk by the male.

Gynecomasty! jin* -e-ko-mas-te). See Gynecomastia.

Gynecomazia {jin-e-ko-ma' -ze-ah) [ywf], woman;
fiar6g, breast]. Same as Gynecomastia.

Gynecopathy i Jin-e-koj/ ath-e) [ywf], woman; rraOog,
disease]. Any disease of, or peculiar to, women ; the
study of diseases of women.

Gynecophore ( jin' -e-ko-for) [ywr/, female ;

to bear]. In biology, the canal or receptacle in certain
male worm.-,, in which the female i.-, retained, as in Bil-
harzia.

Gynephobia {jin-e-fo* -be-ah) \ywii, woman; $6
fear]. Morbid aversion to the society of women.

Gyniatrics {jin-e-a'-triks) \ woman; la-pcia,

therapy]. Gynecology, <>v gynecologic therapeutics.

Gynobase {jin'-o-bas) [ywf], a female ; (3aoig, base].
In biology, an elevated portion of the receptacle of a
flower, bearing the ovary.

Gynocardia {jin-o-kar' -de-ah). See Chaulmoogra.

Gynodiecious [jin-o-di-e'-se-ns) [ywf], female;
two; olnog, house]. In biology, having pistillate
flowers on one set of plants and perfect flowers on an-
other set.

Gynomonecious {jin-o-mo-n ' u [ ,, female;
p.6vog, single; diKog, house]. In biology, having both
pistillate and perfect flowers upon the same plant.

Gynophore ( jin' -0- for) [ywi], female; cpepdv, to bear].
In biology: (a) The stalk of a pistil raising it above
the receptacle ; (b) The branch of a hydroid gono-
blastidium that bears only generative buds containing
ova.

Gynoplastic ( jin-o-plas1 '-tik) [ywf], woman; -/anr/noc,
suitable for moulding]. Pertaining to the closing of
unnatural openings, or to the dilatation of contracted,
narrow openings in the female organs of generation.

Gynostegium ( jin-o-ste'-je-uni) [yvvrj, female ; err
a roof]. In biology, the sheath or covering of the
gvnecium, or female portion of a flower taken as a
whole.

Gypsum {jiff-sum) [yvtyog, lime]. Native calcium sul-
phate. See Calcium.

Gyral {ji'-ral) [gyrare, to turn or whirl]. Pertaining
to a gyrus or to gyri.

Gyration {ji-ra'-shun) [gyrare, to turn or whirl]. A
turning in a circle ; also, giddiness.

Gyre (/'//') [gyrus, a circle]. A convolution, and a
more commendable word than the polysyllable.

Gyrophora(//-;'<^y-c;'-tf/. m. to bear].

A genus of lichens, some species of which afford the
tripe de rocke, a rock-tripe of Northern Canada.
Though tough, acrid, and unpalatable, these lichens
are sometimes eaten when other food is not to be had.

Gyropsoriasis ( ji-ro-sor-i' '-as-is) [ «ic, round;
ipupiacig, a skin-disease]. Psoriasis occurring in cir-
cular patches.

Gyrosa {ji-rof-sah) [yvpog, a circle]. A variety of
gastric vertigo in which, when the patient is standing,
everything turns around him, and he must close his
eyes to avoid falling.

Gyrospasm {jif -ro-spazm) [yvpog, circle; a-aau6g,
spasm]. A peculiar rotary spasm of the head, and
sometimes a nodding spasm.

Gyrus {ji'-rus) [gyrus, ; vpog, a circle : pi., Gyri]. A
convolution of the brain. See Convolution.

11

11A1 F

H

H

In

rlcm Blue.

1 \ peduncle

margin

... with .1 dorsal

ipracom

A

nd.

[ha-

He A ribbon-

nucleus of the
terior
H. conarii. ■•'■ H.

I tecta (or arcuata),
lions of the basilar
.■ pecti-

rein]. Pertain-

1 i .l i. Thai i ondition or

I that may lie ac-
j to repeat an action or condi-
gem til aspect of a plant or
an wtli. H. -chorea.

H., Full, of a plethoric constitution. H.-

asm ; /'.' Tie ,• Gilles de la

\ haracterized

lie movements, or such

I with explosive utterances and

Habit-spasm

rls.and is marked mainly

I muscles or of the

Tourette's Diu-ase

urring usually in

It i- marked by

. usually affecting the

plosive utterances

inarticulate cry. A

and repeated

ly with the involuntary

V / has been ap-

H

H.

II

H

bad language, is

are mim-

1 h( -•■ ni.i'. iated with

oming the

dwell]. The natural
animal or pis

ling]. A

itural

! A ii

fill ;
eable

hop-
usually

■• ilh

H ■

'.

A
It

i- said (hat the oil of the liver of the haddock is some-
time- mixed with coil liver-oil ; but such admixture is
probabl) ran-, a- it greatly impairs the market
value of the oil. I nof.

Haeckel's Law. See /.inc.

Haema- (hemf-ah-) [alfia, blood]. A prefix signifying
-..nu- relationship with the blood. For words (unless
unanglicized) thus beginning, see Hetna-,

Haemal (Aem'-af). Nee Hemal,

Haemanthin (hem-an'-thin). See Hemanthin.

Haematoxylin {hem-at-oks/-il-in). See Hematoxylon.

Haemin [hem'-in). See Hemin.

Haemo- {hem'-o I. lor words thus beginning see
He mo-.

Haemorrhage [hem'-or-dj). See Hemorrhage.

Haeser and Neubauer's Formula. A formula for
estimating from the specific gravity the total amount
of solids in the urine; it is sufficiently accurate for
clinical purposes. The estimation is made by multiply-
ing the last two figure- of the specific gravity by the
factor 2.33, the product of which represents the num-
ber of grams of solids in 1000 c.c. of the urine ; this
must be multiplied by the number of c.c. of the urine
under examination and divided by 1000 in order to
obtain the correct amount of solids.

Hagenia [haj-e/-ne-ah). See Ku

Hager's Reagent. A reagent for the detection of
sugar in the urine. It consists of the ferrocyanid
of iron and caustic potassa.

Hahnemannism (hahn' '-e-man-izm). See Home-
opathy.

Haidinger's Brushes. A visual phenomenon seen
upon directing the eye toward a source of polarized
light, due to the doubly-refractive character of the
elements of the macula.

Hair [liar) [ME., here, hair]. The hirsute appendage
of the skin. Each hair consists of a bulb and a shaft.
The former is situated in the true skin, but is enveloped
in a sheath of epidermis. H. -blanching. See Can-
ities. H.-bulb, a whitish, soft, bulbous enlargement
at the proximal extremity of the root of the hair. H.-
cap Moss, Robin's Rye ; the leaves and stems of
/' 'ytrickum juniperum, a powerful diuretic. Dose of
the decoction ail lib. : of the fid. ext. .^j-ij- Unof.
H.-despoiler, an individual who is afflicted with a
form of sexual perversion, in which the feelings are
aroused during the act of mutilating or cutting-off the
hair of the victim. H. -follicle. See Follicle. H.-
gland, a minute sebaceous gland of the hair-root.
H.-knob, Henle's term for a hollow, bulbous hair-
root. H. -papilla, the nipple-like process of the
corium from which the hair grows. H. -pigment,
the coloring matter of the hair. H.-pith, the medulla
of a hair. H.-root, that portion of a hair contained
in the follicle. H. -shaft, the part of a hair above the
root. (See illustration, page 539.)

Hairy (/tar'-, ) [Ml-;., here, hair]. Covered with hair;
consisting of hair. H. Heart. See Trichocardia and
H. Tongue. See Nigriti

Halberd-shaped [hal' '-berd-shapl). Same as Hastate.

Hale [hal) [ME., heil, in g ! health]. Sound;

healthy ; robt

Half (hath)f) [ME., half, half]. Oneoftwoequal parts.

H.-bath. See /;,!///. H. -breed, a popular term

applied to offspring whose parents belong to different

H. -lying, in massage, reclining at an angle

of about 45°. H. Neck-rest, in massage, having

hand supporting the neck posteriorly. H.-wit, a

HALICORE

539

HAMANN'S ACID CARMIN

weak-minded person ; an idiot H.-witted, idiotic ;
weak in intellect.

5 4 j

Root of a Hair and its Epidermic Sheath.

i, I. External layer of epidermic sheath. 2, 2. Its inferior ex-
tremity. 3, 3. Internal layer. 4, 4. External layer of cuticle
of hair. 5. Root of hair. 6 Bulb of root. 7, 7. Its periph-
eral or fibrous portion. 8. Its central or medullary portion.
9, 9. Internal layer of cuticle of hair.

Halicore {hal-ik' -or-e) [«/c, sea; k6/»/, maiden, mer-
maid]. See Dugong.

Halimeter (hal-im'-et-er) [dAuKtc, saltness; i/irpov, a
measure]. An instrument for estimating the propor-
tions of water in milk by means of its power to dis-
solve common salt.

Halisteresis {hal-is-ter-e'-sis) [o/c, salt; aripriaic,
privation]. The loss by fully formed bones of ]/^ to
Yi their lime-salts, resulting in osteomalacia.

Halituous {hal-itf -u-us) \halitus, breath]. Moist, as
if from having been breathed upon ; applied to the skin.

Halitus [haV '-it-us) [L.,a vapor], A vapor. Also, ex-
pired breath. H. oris fcetidus, tainted or foul breath.
H. sanguinis, the characteristic smell of the blood,
peculiar to each kind of animal.

Hall's (Marshall) Disease See Diseases, Table of.
H.'s Method. See .Artificial Respiration .

Haller, Ansa of. See Ansa. H., Circle of. See Cir-
cle and Cir cuius. H., Cones of, the Coni vasculosa.
H., Fretum of. See Fretum. H., Line of. See
Lines, Table of. H., Network of, the Rete vascu-
losum of the testis. H., Passage of, in the embryo
the narrow passage joining the auricle and ventricle
of the heart.

Hallex (hal'-eks) [I..]. See Hallux.

Hallucal {hal'-ukal) \hallux, the great toe]. Per-
taining to the hallux, or greal

Hallucinatio [hal-lew-sin-a'-she-o )[!-•]• Hallucination.
H. hypochondriaca. Synonym of Hypochondriasis.

Hallucination (hal-lew-sin-a'-skun) \hallncinari, to
wander in mind]. The highest degree of subjective

sensation, dependent alone upon morbid stimulation
of the sensor) cortical centers. There is the percep-
tion "i non-existeni objects or impressions, creations
oi the imagination. Hallucinations are variously
classed as hypochondriac, hypnagogic, motor, nega-
tive, pseudo-sensorial, unilateral, visual, auditory.
gustatory, olfat tory, tat tile, bemiopi< , . pileptoid, etc.

Hallux, or Hallus (hal'-uk or hal'-tu) [L.]. The
great toe. The great toe when overriding the second
H. dolorosus. See U. flexus. H. flexus ;
Hallux rigidus : Hallux dolorosus : a condition allied
to and perhaps identical with hammer-toe, in which
there is flexion of the firsl phalanx of the great toe.
The second phalanx is usually extended upon the first,
and there is more 01 less rigidity of the metatarso-
phalangeal joint. H. rigidus. See H. Jlexus. H.
valgus, displacement of the great toe toward the
other toes. H. varus, displacement of the greal
away from the other toes.

Halo [ka'-lo) ['(><.», a threshing-floor]. 1. The brown-
ish circle about the female nipple, called also the
areola. 2. The luminous or colored circles seen by the
patient about light in glaucoma.

Halogen [hal'-o-jeri) [a/lc, salt; yewav, to produce].
In chemistry, an element that forms a compound of a
saline nature by its direct union with a metal. The
halogens are chlorin, iodin, bromin, and fluorin,
to which cyanogen may be added as a compound
halogen.

Halogenic [hal-o-jen'-ik) [<//<;, salt; yewav, to pro-
duce]. Salt-producing; producing haloids.

Haloid [hal'-oid) [a'/c, salt; eZJoc, likeness]. Anyone
of those compounds that consist of a metal directly
united to chlorin, bromin, iodin, fluorin, or cyanogen.

Halophilous \hal-off '-il-us) [ii/c, salt ; <pi?.or, loving].
In biology, applied to plants growing in salt marshes
and along sea- coasts.

Halstern's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.

Halt (hawlt) [ME., halt, lame]. I. Lame. 2. To
limp. 3. A disease in sheep

Halter (hcncl'-ter) [aXHjp, a leaping weight : //. IIalteres~\.
In biology, one of the rudimentary hinder wings of a
fly ; it is also called poiser or balancer.

Halteripterous {hal-ter-ip* '-ter-us) [d/-i/p, a leaping
weight; -rtpor, wing]. Having halteres ; applied to
dipterous insects.

Halved (AaAvd) [ME. , half, half]. In biology, applied
to bilaterally symmetric organs in which one side is
wanting, as in certain leaves.

Ham [ME., hanime, the ham]. That part of the leg
between the knee-joint and the hip-joint. H. -string,
one of the tendons of the posterior muscles of the
thigh. Also, to cripple by cutting the tendons of the
muscles of the thigh. H., Inner, the tendons of
the semimembranosus, sartorius, and semitendinosus
muscles. H., Outer, the tendons of the biceps flexor
cruris.

Hamamelin (ham-am-e'-lin) [a/ia/tr/Aig, a kind of med-
lar or service-tree]. A precipitate from a tincture of
the bark of witch-hazel, Hamamelis virginica; it is
astringent, tonic, and sedative. Dose gr. j-iij. Unof.

Hamamelis (ham-am-e' '-lis) [aua, together with;
u>//(ii\ apple-tree: gen., Hamamelidis~\. Witch-
hazel ; the leaves of //. virginica, with properties not
fully known. It is thought to be tonic, styptic, and
sedative, and appears to affect the circulation in a
manner similar to aconite. It is highly recommended
as a hemostatic. A preparation of this drug is sold
under the name of Pond's Extract. H., Fid. Ext.
Dose rnj-sj. H., Tinct. (B. P.) (ale), 1 in 10.
1 >< -e mjj-v.

Hamann's Acid Carmin. See Stain;, Table oj.

HAM VklllKl 1 !•>

540

II \.NDKERCHIEF-DRESSING

Hamarthr.Us

the

Hai

H.

H. White.
1 1. Yellow -

ition. A (i

nly ,

i hammer]. In
H.-bone, the malleus. H.-
H., Thermal.
: i tOI

mi times
pa

hammer, and i- due

mging mat].
invas, suspended
at • It is much used aboard ves

d latterly in
k and wounded. Si

• 1 ham-

Disease.

Pertaining

.mond's

Man u .us, a hook].

lulate, Hamulose [ham'-u | \hamust a

. a hook : pi.
an itomy, a hook-shaped pro-

H. of
the Cochlea, I the osseous

lam

u ■

i in-

.

ny's Plant
•.chinol
Hai Opera-

■

H Ape.

H .

H . Dropped.
H -
gout

key

H

M WD, PAI MAR S

liiinar. 3.

m. 5.
• idialis. 7.

TTl. <).

Metai arpal
11, 11. First phali

] hlrd phal-

• 1 1 x ol
thumb.

'. hand ;
of < loth fur
H Barton's ; a hand

chief is folded in the form of a cravat, and the body
1- 50 placed on the point of the heel that the portion
on tlu- outer side ol the fool is one third longer than
the other portion. Hie short part is held parallel
with the sole of the foot while the long part is carried
the instep, turned round the innei part, carried
back under the sole ol the foot and looped round in
own side, ["he two ends arc then tied together for
tin- pin ; Kerting traction.

Handkerchief-Dressing. A form of temporary dress
ing t"i wounds and fractures made of handkerchiefs.
There are two varieties, \i/., cravats, va which the
handkerchiel folded into rolls like cravats; and

tn ,the handkeri hiefs being folded diagonally in

the form ol triangles. Themosl important cravats are
the following : C, Abdomino-inguinal ; two hand
ken hiefs arc folded into cravats and their ends
ti< d together. I he body of one is placed beneath the
thigh, close up to the nates; the ends are broughl t"
the front, crossed over the groin, then carried round the
opposite sides of the body, and tied together on one
side rather than behind, so that the knot shall notpress
injuriously upon the hack. C, Axillo-acromial.
Sec (.'., Parieto-axillaris. C, Axillo-cervical ; the
body of the cravat is placed in the axilla, the ends
crossed over the shoulder, and tied on the opposite sides
of the neck. C, Cervical ; a handkerchiel is formed in
to a cravat, the body placed on the front, back, or sides
of the neck, according to the part to be dressed, the end-,
are carried around, crossed on the opposite side and re-
turned,and fastened with pins. C, Compound Bis-
axillary; for this two handkerchiefs in cravat form are
required. < me is tied as an axillo-acromial cravat through
one axilla, while the bod) of the other is placed in the
opposite axilla, and its ends, being brought across the
chest, one in front and the other behind, are passed
through the loop of the first and tied in front of the
breast. C, Compound Bis-axillo-scapulary ;
form two handkerchiefs into cravats. Tie one as a
loose ling, or form the axillo-acromial cravat of one-
side, and, placing the body of the other in front of the
opposite shoulder, bring the ends back, one over the
shoulder and the other through the axilla ; then form
these into a single knot, and complete the dressing by
passing the ends through the ring or loop of the other
cravat, and tying them into a knot. C, Fronto-oc-
cipito-labialis ; the handkerchief is formed into a cra-
vat and the middle portion is placed upon the forehead ;
the ends are carried back, crossed upon the posterior
part of the neck, brought forward under the ears and
crossed over the upper lip. This isused to approximate
lip-wounds. C, Ilio-inguinal, a double cravat, also
called the sacro bi-crural crural of Mayor. The body
of a long cravat is placed over the body of the sacrum,
the two extremities are brought around the body down
in front of each groin and around the thighs, to be fastened
on the opposite side of the body. C, Ilio-inguinal,
or the cruro-pelvic cravat of Mayor. The body of a
large cravat is placed over the inguinal region, the up-
per extremity is carried around the body, the lowerex-
tremity around the thigh, and the two ends knotted in
front. C, Metatarso-malleolar ; place the body of
the craval obliquely across the dorsum of the foot ;
try one end under the fool and up in front ol the

ankle, and the other around the leg above the mal
holi, fastening them together in front of the joint.
C, Parieto-axillaris; one handkerchief i> form
into a cravat, and its body is placed in the axilla, the
1 overthe shoulder, forming the axillo-acromial
\ second handkerchief is made into a tri-
angle, and its body placed over the side of the head,
and its ends tied into the first over the shoulder. It is

HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING

54]

HANDKER< llll.l DRESSING

used to approximate wounds on the side ol the neck
an«l to prevent contraction afti t burns. C, Simple
Bis-axillary; plan- the body of the cravat in the
axilla, cross the ends over the shoulder, and after
carrying one a< ross the back and the other
across the breast, tie them together at the an-
terior border of the axilla of tin- opposite side. C,
Simple Bis-axillo-scapulary ; this is a posterior fig-
ure-of-eight, and is besl formed with a strip of muslin
three inches wide and ten yards long. Place the center
of the strip in front of the shoulder and the axilla; bring
one end back over the top of the shoulder and the

knee, and pinned or tied as they are turned downward.
C, Tibial ; place the body of a handkerchief, folded
into a cravat, obliquely across the posterior surfao
the leg, and carry tlie extremities around tin- limb, tin-
one below the knee, ami tin- other above il,, malleoli.
Mayor's Bandage for Fractured Clavicle ; the arm
is flexed at a right-angle and confined to the side of the
chest by a triangular handken hief, the base being
placed above the forearm and tin- two extremities
fastened on tin- back, the apex hanging down in front.
The two folds forming tin- apex are ( arried up between
the arm and the body and the under one i- passed to

Bi-temporal Triangle.

Fronto-occipital Triangle.

Auriculo-occipital Triangle.

Triangular or Hunter's
Cap of the Head.

Brachio-cervical Triangle.

Oblique Triangle of the Arm and Chest. Mayor's Bandage for Fractured Clavicle.

Scroto-lumbar Triangle.
(Suspensory Bandage of the Scrotum).

Ilioinguinal Cravat (double).
The Sacro Bi-crural Cravat of Mavor.

Ilio-inguinal Cravat.
(The Cruro-pelvic Cravat of Mayor )

other through the axilla, cross them between the
scapula;, carrying the axillary end over the shoulder of
tin- opposite side and back through the axilla, and the
humeral end forward through the axilla, the two over-
lapping each other ; then fasten their ends front and
back. This is an extemporaneous dressing for fracture
of the clavicle. C, Tarso-patellar ; this requires
three handkerchiefs, all in cravat-form. One is to be
placed about the knee as a figure-of-eight ; a second
round the foot in front of the ankle ; the third is passed
through the loop of the latter, the ends being carried
on either side through the figure-of-eight of the

the sound shoulder, while the upper one is carried to
the affected shoulder. A broad piece of bandage is
fastened to one apex and carried beneath the handker-
chief at the back and is then brought up and fastened
to the other apex on the opposite shoulder.

The most important triangles are the following : T.,
Auriculo-occipital, a variety of handkerchief-dress-
ing for the head, used in keeping an application to the
ear in proper place. The base of the handkerchief is
placed in front of the ear to be covered, and the apex
directed backward. The lower end is next carried
under the jaw and up over the face in front of the

II Wl'kl R< HIM DRESSING

HAl'h >I>\ >I'H()KIA

the

r., Bi-tem-

-

poral.

111(1 to

ip and
:UO-OCci-

which the

the head,
ipital pro-

■

inned

T., Malleolo-

■ ■•,.-.

I

.Ml Of

malleoli, mak-
ends in
■

Mammary • handkerchief into a triangle;

and it- apex over the
under the
•

.; . i ol the affected side,

immit. T., Oblique, of the

Arm and Chest; the base of the triangle i- placed

illowed to project

ctremity that is next to the

shoulder, the other

through the axilla of the injured

extn tnity ovei the sound

: kward around the

T., Occipito-frontal ; the same

■nlv that the handkerchief is re-

put. T.,

Occipito-sternal ; one handkerchief is formed into a

.it. The latter is tied

rno dorsal cravat.

I over the occiput and

ends are brought

d to the cravat

turned backward

T., Palmar; thebaseofthe

ick or the front of

- the palm

mmitis I ilded back upon

T., Scroto-lumbar. See T.,
T., Simple Brachio-cervical ; the arm

t the triangle is

one siik-.
nd pinned in
I ispensor . 'urn bar Triar

d tie it ai
. ■
1 d the

in ul.ir

rried up,

d down in

pin. T., Vertico-

in

the

I with
lar or Hunter's Cap of the
Head with thi

mental. ■

sufficiently long to pass overthe head and fasten under
the chin. First fold it transversely across until one
side i-. within an inch of the opposite side ; the short side
i- tlu-n placed beneath ; the two comers of the folded
ge arc turned inward, forming a triangle. The two
extremities of the triangle are taken in either hand, and
while kept tense arc t w isted and rolled up to the extent

dI two inches. Lifting the bandage and approxi-
mating the hands cause the two sides to separate. It

i> pi. uiil on the head with the thin edge overthefore-

head and the rolled edge around the hack of the neck.
1 lie ends arc brought under the chin, and tied.

Handwriting {hand' ri-ting). See Graphok

Hanging (//..• [Ml . .hanging]. Heath

by suspension ol the body li<>m the neck, by a rope
provided with a slip-noose. The immediate cause ol
death may be asphyxia, cerebral hemorrhage (from
strangulation), or dislocation or fracture of the cervi
cal vertebrae.

Hangnail {hangf -n&l) [AS., angnagl, a sore by the
nail]. A partly detached piece of epidermis at the
root of the nail, the friction against which has caused
inflammation of the abraded surface.

Haouwa [E. Ind.]. Synonym, in Bagdad, of Asiatic
Cholera.

Hapantismus [hap-an-tiz' '-mus) [a7rac, entire]. Com-
plete adln-ion between parts or surfaces.

Haphalgesia {haf-al jc'-ze-ali) [afyri, touch ; a/tyoc,
pain]. Painful touch by bodies ordinarily not pain-
ful.

Haphemetric [haf-e-mef '-rik) \_afytj, touch; fxirpov,
measure]. Relating to esthesiometry. See Esthe-
siometer.

Haphephobia (Jiaf-e-fo' -be-ah) [abrj, contact; <p6
fear]. The morbid dread of touching persons or
things ; mysophobia.

Haphonosus {haf-on'-o-sus) ['"pi/, touch ; vdoog, dis-
e]. Any disorder of the sense of touch.

Haplodermitis {hap-lo-der-mi* '-tis) [dx?.6og, simple ;
//«, skin ; trie, inflammation]. A simple or un-
complicated skin-inflammation.

Haplodont [hap'-lo-dont) [urr/ooc, single; bdohg,
(o66vt), tooth]. In biology, applied to animals
whose molar teeth have simple or single crowns.

Haplolichen (kap-lo-li'-ken) [<i-'/6oc, single; Xeixfiv,
lichen]. Same as Lichen simplex, q. v.

Haplomelasma (hap lo-mcl-az'-inah) [cmMoc, simple ;
u&ao/za, a livid spot]. Simple melasma.

Haplomorphous [hap-lo-mor1 -/us) \Jnr'/.6oc, simple;
form]. In biology, applied to the simpler
form- of certain groups.

Haploophone (hap-lo'-o-Jon) [d-'/Moc, single; (puvi/,
voice]. In biology, applied to the form of the
syrinx in certain birds {e.g., Xenicidd) which have
but one intrinsic syringomyon.

Haplopathy {hap-lop* -ath-e) [('nrXdoc, simple; irdSog,
illness]. Any uncomplicated disease.

Haplopetalous (hap-lo-pet'-al-us) [airAooq, single;
v, leaf]. In biology, having but a single
cin I tals.

Haplophyma (hap-lo fi'-mah) [d-'/.dor, simple; </>v/ia,
a tumor]. A simple tumor.

Haploscope (hap'-lo-skop) [an'kdcx;, single; gkokeIv, to
see]. An instrument tor measuring the visual axes.

Haplostemonous [hap-lo-ste' -nion-us) [u-'aooc, single;
<«.<i, a thread]. In biology, having but a single
circle of stami ns.

Haplotomia, Haplotomy, (hap-lo-lo' -me-ah, hap-lot'-
" me) [u~'/dr>c, simple; ro/ti/, a cut]. A simple inci-
sion.

Haptodysphoria Uiap-to-dii fo* re-ah) \_6.itt6c, tactile,
touched; dbg, difficult ; <p6pog, bear]. The disagree

HARAMAITISM

:. 13

II \ I I l.RS' UI-I ASE

able sensation aroused by touching certain objects, as
velvet, a peach, or a russet apple.

Haramaitism {liar-am-a* -it-iztn) [Anglo Indian; from
Haram tnaiti, the name ol an Hindu offender in this
way]. Child-marriage in India; also, the collective
physical evils that resull from thai system.

Hard [ME., hard, hard). Solid; firm to the touch.
H.-hack, the leaves and twigs of Spireea tomen-

; i tringent and tonic, and a popular Ni l
land remedy in diarrhea and cholera infantum. I
gr. v-xv, in decoction; of the lid. ext. g ss j. I nof.
I he shrub Potenlilla fruticosa is locally called hard-
hack ; it> properties are the same as those of the
species named. H. Palate. See Palate. H.
Pitch. See Pitch. H. Resins. See Resins. H.-
tack, a form of biscuit used in the navy and army.

Hardenbergia [har-den-ber1 -Je-ah) [after Countess
Hardenberg\. A genus of Australian leguminous
plant-. The root of H. monophylla, called lilac,
and sarsaparilla, is said to be a good substitute for
true sarsaparilla. L'nof.

Hardening [hard' -en-ing) [ME., hard, hard]. A
Stage in the preparation of tissues for microscopic ex-
amination. See Alcohol, Ammonium Chromate,
Ammonium Bichromate, Potassium Bichromate,
Mailer's /•'//tit/, Erlicki's Fluid, Chromic Acid,
Klein s Fluid, Raid's Fluid, Corrosive Sublimate,
Picric Acid, in Stains, Tabic of. Alcohol for pieces
under I inch square, and the bichromate solutions for
larger masses, are best for general use ; others in special
cases ; but in all, full twenty times the bulk of the
object should be used. See Stains, Table of.

Haider's Glands. See Qland.

Hare's Method. A method of determining the posi-
tion on the skull corresponding to the fissure of
Rolando. The pre-Rolandic region occupies 55.7
per cent, of the distance from the glabella to the
inion.

Hare-eye (har'-i). See Lagophthalmos.

Harelip [har'-lip). Congenital fissure of the lip due to
arrested facial development. The scheme of the
formation of cleft is shown in the annexed illustrations.
H., Complicated, with cleft or malformation of the
superior maxillary^ bone also. H., Double, two clefts
of the lip, or one of each lip. Twisted or Harelip
Suture, a figure-of-8 suture about a pin thrust through
the lips of freshened edges of the cleft. For opera-
tions for single harelip see Clemofs, (.'oil/.'.. Dieffen-
bac/i's, Gira/des' , Graefe' ' s, Jfagedorn's, Malgaigne's,
Miraulfs, Nelaton's, Fare's, Rose's, Stokes' itera-
tions; and for operations for double harelip see Barde-
leben's, B/andin's, Butcher' s, Desault's, Franco's,
Gensoid ' s, Langenbeck' s, Rose's, Sedillofs, Smith's
Operations, in Operations, Table of.

Harlequin [har'-le-kwin | [OF., harlequin, a harlequin].
Variegated ; party-colored. H. Fetus, a fetus with
congenital ichthyosis, general seborrhea, or diffuse
keratoma. Such subjects are always born prematurely,
and have no external ears, eyelids, or lips.

Harmalin (har'-mal-in) [op/«zAa], C,SHUN20. A
yellowish crystalline substance used as a dye. See
Figments, Conspectus of.

Harmonia {Jiar-mo'-ne-ah\ [apfiovia, harmony]. A
suture (also a mode of suture) between two bones
that are apposed closely and immovably upon each
other.

Harmonics (har-mon,-ikss). See Or'er-loues.

Harpoon (Jiar-poon'') [Fr., harpon, a grappling-iron].
An instrument for the removal of bits of living tissue
for microscopic examination.

Harrison's Groove. A transverse curve passing out-
ward from the level of the ensiform cartilage toward

the axilla. Ii may be deepened at each inspiration

in c ertain diseases, e. g., rickets.
Hartig's White Mass. A substance for injecting

tissues. Dissolve 125 gms. of lead acetate in enough

water to make the whole weigh 500 gms. lb

is. of sodium carbonate in enough water to make

the whole weigh 500 gms. One volume of each of

these solutions is mixed with two volumes of strong

gelatin soluti< »n.
Hartmann's Elixir. An elixir containing camphor

50 pan-, and saffron 1 part, in alcohol 350 parts.

H.'s Tubes, small tubes devised to be passed through

a perforated drum membrane for the purpose of irriga^

tiiiL; and draining the middle-ear cavity.
Hartshorn [harts' -horn). 1. Comu cervi. 2. A

name popularly given to ammonium hydrate. See

Ammonium.

Scheme of Formation of the Face and Arrest of
its Development.

A. First appearance of the face. 1, 11, m, iv. The four vis-
ceral arches, f. Frontal process 1. Inner nasal process. 2.
Outer nasal process. 3. Superior maxillary process, u In-
ferior maxillary process, b, c. First and second visceral
clefts, a. Eye. z. Tongue. B. Normal union of the em-
bryonic parts Z. Intermaxillary bone. .V. Nasal orifice.
0 Nasal tear-duct. V Lower jaw (*», abnormal dilatation of
the mouth, constituting makrostomia). C. Arrest of the
development, constituting oro-qasal cleft. D. Arrest of de-
velopment showing an " oblique facial cleft " {Q).

Harvest-bug. See Leptus autumnalis.

Hashish (hash'-esh). See Cannabis.

Hasner's Valve. A fold of the mucous membrane of
the nasal duct at the lower orifice. It is not of con-
stant occurrence. See Valve.

Hassall, Concentric Corpuscles of. Peculiar bodies
found in the medulla of the thymus gland. They
eoiisist of a central granular part, around which are
disposed layers of llattened nucleated endothelial cells
arranged concentrically.

Hastate (has'-tat) \hasta, a spear]. In biology, shaped
like the head of a spear ; halberd-shaped.

Hastifolious [has-tif-& '-le-us) \hasta, a spear ; folium,
a leaf]. In biology, having hastate leaves.

Hatters' Disease. A form of constitutional mercurial
I oisoning occurring in the makers of hats; also a

II Al

544

HEART

i

H.'s Con-
sump

the

li].

i tnachin

In . the

netrating

! which

In phar-
, the form ol

-
■

■>t.
H., Glands of.
H.. Spaces o; ind irregular spaces

lainly, though also to a lim-

Canal - and

H. System in bone, consisting

. surrouni

ye], i. The

membrane, or winker of a

condition of, the

hawk]. Clearing

air.
. ooJ. \ ids for

: tat. O.61 ;

irch, 10. 97 ;
albuminoids, 5.3S;

iy]. ( ' and dried.

H.-cold. Sam.- as
H -fever.
:.-thod. - <ds of. H.'sRe-

1
H

named after
ical

puted. A
r cent. ) i- a

■ ■ ■

H

H
H

H

n of

r in the

olution th

lard

turn.
H.'s Fluid,
lied
urn, two

mil
the

ity with lint saturated with dilute sulphuric acid,

third the official strength, to hasten tin- separation

diseased tissues, i<> stimulate granulations, and to

Head [ME.,/ ■■'. th'1 bead]. The anterior or

upper pan l tin- body. That part of tin- body ion
Mining the brain or central nerve system. Also, the
upper end of a long bone, a- the femur. H.-ache,
any pain in the head, general or local, arising from
any cause whatever. According to Hughlings-Jack-
idaches, such as " sick " and " bili-
ous " headaches, are due to disorders of the digestive
system; headache al the vertex, to cerebral troubles;
and occipital headai he, to anemia. Eye strain i- a
frequent source of headache, especially in the frontal
i hi. H. breeze, Electro therapeutic, a device
for general static cephalic electrization by a head plate,
with numerous insulated pencils for subdividing and
cumulating strong currents, and giving more grad-
ual effects. See Static Breeze. H. -birth, the birth
of the fetal head first. H.-drop, a peculiar nervous
disease seen in Japan during the spring anil early sum-
mer, supposed to be miasmatic in origin. It is at-
tended with inability to hold the head erect, paralytic
symptoms in the limbs, and optic disorders. One at-
tack predisposes to others. H.-fold, an inflection or
tucking-in of the layers in front of and beneath the head
of the embryo. H.-gut. See Fore-gut. H. -kidney.
Same as Pronephros. H. -light Oil. See Burning
Oil. H. -locking, a term in obstetrics denoting the
entanglement of the heads of twins at the time of
birth. H. -measurements. See Craniometry.

Heal (hll) [MIC, helen, to heal]. To make whole or
sound ; to cure. H.-all. See Collinsonia.

Healing (he'-ling) [ME., helen, to heal]. Union ami
cicatrization of a wound; applied generally to the
cure of disease. H. by First Intention, without the
granulating process. H. by Second Intention, by
the intermediation of granulations. H. by Third
Intention, the direct union of two already granulat-
ing surfaces.

Health (heith) [ME., heith, health]. That condition
of the body and its organs necessary to the proper
performance of their normal functions. A hale or
whole condition of body. H.-lift, an apparatus for
exercising those muscles by which weights are lifted
directly upward.

Hear [hlr) [ME., keren, to hear]. To perceive by the
ear.

Hearing {h.Sr'-ing') [ME., heren,\.o\i&zx\. The special
■ which the sononms vibrations of the air are
communicated to the mind. The cerebral center is
excited by tin vibration of the fluid contents of the
labyrinth, or terminal organs of the auditory nerve.
Sound presents three elements, pitch, intensity,
and timbre. The first depend- upon the number of
the aerial vibration-; the second upon their amplitude ;
the third up 'ii their form.

Heart [hat '< \ ME., hart, heart]. The organ giving the

initiative and chief impulse to the circulation of lie

blood. It is enveloped by a membranous tissue called

'turn. It consists essentially of four < avities,

md ventricle, and a left auricle and

ventricle. The movements of the heart maybe re-

ded by mean- of the cardiograph, ami th "'gs,

. may be of value in the study of

d condition-. H., Dilatation of, the abnormal

increase in size of any or all of the cavities of the

heart. H. -burn, a burning fei ling at the epigastrium

and ]o aused by tie- a< 'tic or

putrefactive tion ol the gastric contents. H.-

clot, coagulation "I the blood in the cardiac cavities;

HEART

545

III \RI

cardiac thrombosis. H. -disease, any functional or
organic pathologic condition of the heart. H., Fatty,
a name given to two distinct pathologic conditions ol
the heart-tissue. In the first there is a true fatty de
generation of the muscular fibers of the heart ; and in
the second there is an increase in the quantity of sub-

pericardial fat— a tatty infiltration. The former and

mosl serious condition is due to a deficiency in the
supply of oxygenated blood to the heart, arising
either from local or general causes. It gives rise to
asthma, angina pet toris, and a tendency to syncope and
sudden death. I lie se< ond i ondition is usually a
ciated with general obesity, and may present the same
ymptoms as the first. H. -hurry, Paroxysmal.
See Tachycardia. H., Hypertrophy of, an abnor
mal increase in the muscular tissue of the heart. See,

Anatomy of rHE Heart, Right Side.

. Cavity of right auricle 2. Appendix auriculae. 3 Superior
vena cava. 4. Inferior vena cava. 5. Fossa ovalis ; the
prominent ridge surrounding it is the anuulus ovalis. 6.
Eustachian valve. 7. Opening of the coronary vein. 8.
Coronary valve. 9. Entrance of the auriculo-ventricular
opening Between the figures 1 and q, several foramina
thebesii are seen. a. Right ventricle, b, c. Cavity of right
ventricle e, f. Tricuspid valve, g. Long columna carnea.
h. The "long moderator band " i. The two columna?
carneae of the right curtain, k. Attachment of chordae
tendineae of the left limb of the anterior curtain. /, /. Chordae
tendinese of the " fixed curtain " of the valve, m. Valve of
the pulmonary artery, n. Apex of left appendix auriculae.
o. Left ventricle, p. Ascending aorta, q. Its transverse por-
tion, r. Descending aorta.

Anatomy of the Heart, Left Side.

. Cavity of left auricle. 2 Cavity <>( the appendix auriculae.
3. Opening of the two right pulmonary veins. 4. The sinus
into which the left pulmonary veins open. 5. Left pulmon-
ary veins 6. Auriculo-ventricular opening. 7. Coronary
vein. 8. Left ventricle. 9, 9. Cavity of the left ventricle.
a. Mitral valve, b, b, b. Columnar carneae. c. c. Fixed
columnae carneae. d. Arch of the aorta, e. Pulmonary
arterv. f. Obliterated ductus arteriosus, g. Left pulmon-
ary artery, h. Right ventricle, i. Point of the appendix of
right auricle.

35

Horizontal Section of Lungs and Heart.

, 1 Upper lobes of lungs. 2,2. Lower lobes. 3 Dorsal ver-
tebra. 4, 4. Two ribs. 5. Heart. 6 Right auricular
appendix. 7 Superior vena cava. 8. Aorta 9. Pulmonary
arterv. 10. Left auricle. 11. Left auricular appendix 12.
Mouths of right pulmonary veins. 13. Mouths of left pul-
monary veins. 14. Thoracic aorta. 15. Esophagus. (See
also pp- r/j and 370.)

BR

Scheme of the Blood-pressure.

H. Heart, a. Auricle, v. Ventricle. A. Arterial ; C, capillary ;
V, venous areas. The circle indicates the parts within the
thorax. B, P. Pressure in the aorta.

also, Hypertrophy. H. -murmurs. See Murmur.
H. -scald. Same asH.-burn. H. -shock, Latham's
term for sudden cardiac breakdown during exertion,
not due to rupture of a valve. H., Sounds of, the
sounds observed in auscultation of the heart, occurring
synchronously with systolic contraction and the closure
of the valves, etc. H., Valves of. See Valve.
H. -starvation, Fothergill's term for a form of cardiac
asthenia occurring in adult age, and characterized by
feeble circulation, cold extremities, tendency to ver-
tigo, and pseudo-apoplectic attacks, but with absence
of arcus senilis. It is due to general ill-nutrition,

Ill AKI

546

i

the left ventricle. E.
K Mitral insul L.

c. Ventricular systole,
pulmonary valves

heat], A ni.nl, • or rate of

mk\ or mole< ular, or wave-

imits of intensity ii is essential

II organized beings ; above a

inization and

t indicates a temperature

riod of

ol many animals.

H . Animal within th of

: tin- latent heat con-

H. -apoplexy. See Insolation.

H H. -centers,

bout tli' and lateral

t<> have the

_■ tin- production of

H. -eruption. m of Eczema.

H -fever. See In H., Latent, physio!

ig in a comp!

: 111 -

H . Prickly H.,

H.-spot, a I W-<

H. -stroke, a nervous

■
H.-unit,
• int of I

A <

ira-

1 Icavy Oil

Ill DERIC At ID

lining in young persons at or soon after the age of
puberty.
Hebephrenias | . puberty ; <.y,r,

tin- mind]. < me who is affected with hebephrenia.
Hebephrenic | .. puberty; <ptfv, the

mind]. I. Affected, with hebephrenia. 2. One who
is affected with hebephrenia.
Heberden's Asthma. See Asthma, and Disea

H.'s Rheumatism. See Diseases, Table

H.'s Nodes. See and Signs and Symp-

H.'s Nodosities. See Signs and

Hebetic [he-bet'-ik [','•'<,'"•'". relating to puberty].
Relating to pubertj or to adolesi ence.

Hebetude tiid) \_hebetudo ; hebes, blunt]. Dul-

ness of the senses and intellect. A term applied to
the state of partial stupor in affections of the brain.

Hebetudinous [heb-e-tuf -din-us) \hebetudo ; hebes,
blunt]. Affei ted with hebetude.

Hebra's Arsenical Paste. A paste also known as
'. Paste. It is used in treating lupus vulgaris.
It consists of arsenious acid, io grains ; artificial cin-
nabar, '4 dram ; ointment of rose-water,^ ounce.
It i- spread on linen and applied accurately by means
of a pad and bandage. H.'s Erythema. See Di

... Table of. H.'s Pityriasis. See I
Tali I,- of. H.'s Prurigo. See Diseases, Table of .

Heckle-cell {kek'-l-sel) [ME., kekele, a heckle; cella,
a cell]. An epidermal cell having minute, hard,
horny projections from its cell- wall.

Hectic (hek'-tik) [ektikSc, habitual or consumptive].
I [abitual. A word now commonlyused in connection
with certain constant symptoms of pulmonary tuber-
culosis, as H. Fever, the febrile symptoms concurrent
with pulmonary tuberculosis. H. Flush, the Hushed
cheek accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis. H.
Spot. Same as //. flush.

Hectocotylization {hek-to-kot-il-iz-a' '-shun) [kmriw, a
hundred; kotvIt), a small cup]. In biology, applied
to the peculiar sexual modification of the arm of the
male cephalopod, or its use' as a fertilizing-organ.

Hectocotylus [hek-to-kof -il-us) [enaT&v, a hundred;
hori'/?/, a cup]. In biology, a specialized arm in
certain male cephalopod-. which contains the sperm-
cell.-, and is detached and deposited within the mantle-
cavity of the female.

Hectogram [hek' -to-gram) [kmT&v, one hundred;
ufia, a weight]. < »ne hundred grams, or 1543.2349
grains.

Hectoliter [hekf -to-le-ter) [inarbv, hundred; Turpa, a
pound]. One hundred liter-, equal to 22.009 imperial
gallons, or 26.4 U. S. gallons.

Hectometer [hek/-to-m ter) [/,</-, ,r, hundred ; fiirpov,
a measure]. Onehundred in< ter-, or 328 feet, 1 inch.

Hedeoma \he-de-o> '-malt) [»JfKic, sweet ; bofti/, smell].

American Pennyroyal. The leaves and tops of II.

pul .distinguished by their aroma. Itsproper

ties are due to a volatile oil. It is stimulant and

carminative, and ha- some value a- an emmenagogue.

It is useful in the flatulent colic of children. Its odor

i- extremely repulsive to Ilea.- and mosquitoes. H.,

Ol. the volatile oil. Dose Tt\,ij-x. H., Spt., unof., 10

per ( 1 nt. of the oil in alcohol.

Hedera [I.]. A genus of woody vines.

H. helix, the true or European Ivy. It- wood is

used in making issue peas. A decoction of the

has been used as an alterative and antibecbic.

are purgative and emetic. 1 he gum is

emetic and stimulant, and is useful in toothai he. I nof.

Hederic Acid [hed-erf-ik) [hedera, European Ivy].

An acid derivable from the leave- of Hedera helix, of

which it shares thi medicinal qualities. Unof.

IIKDKRIN

547

IIKI.K ( >R1 BIN

Hederin [hed'-er in) [hedera, European Ivy]. An in-
tensely bitter alkaloid from the seeds of // lera helix.
It is said to be actively febrifuge. (The gum of ivy
has also been called hederin?]

Hedge-hog Crystals. Crystals of male of soda found
as a urinary deposit. The crystals are globular, with
spiny projections, and may cause severe vesical irrita-
tion.

Hedge-hyssop [hej-his* up). See Gratiola.

Hedonia {he-do* '-ne-ah) [fjoovi/, pleasure]. Abnormal
cheerfulness ; amenomania.

Hedonism [hed'-o-nizm) [fyhvij, pleasure]. The pur-
suit of pleasure ; in psychic medicine, the unreasoning
pursuit of some hobby or whim.

Hedrocele (hed'-ro-sil) [edpa, anus; />/,///, tumor]. A
hernia in which the part protrudes through the notch
of the ischium. Also, prolapsus of the anus.

Hedrosyrinx [hed-ro- si' '-rinks) \jt6pa, anus; funda-
ment; ovptyi;, pipe]. Fistula in ano.

Hedwigia [hed-wif '-e-ah) [after Johann Hedwig\. A
genus of amarydaceous trees. H. balsamifera. of
the W. Indies, affords a resin, not unlike copaiba in
its uses. The bark is antiperiodic, and contains a
convulsivant alkaloid, which would appear to be a
powerful heart-depressant and antithermic.

Hedyosmon [hed-e-os' -mon) [$<K>c, sweet; hop.fi, odor].
A genus of tropical chloranthaceous trees and shrubs.
H. arborescens, a tree of Jamaica, affords a remedy
for dyspepsia. H. nutans, a shrub of the W. Indies,
has leaves that are good for headaches.

Heel (hll) [ME., heel, heel]. The hinder part of the
foot. H.-bone. See Calcaneum.

Hegar's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.

Hegar-Kohrn Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Heidenhain, Demilune Cells of. See Demilune and
Crescent of Gianuzzi. H.'s Method. See Stains,
Table of. H., Parietal Cells of. See Delomorphous.
H, Rods of. See Rods. H.'s Solution. See Stains,
Table of.

Heimia [Ifim'-e-ah) [after Ludwig Heim, a German
botanist]. A genus of lythaceous shrubs of N. and
S. America. H. salicifolia (hanchinol), found in
Texas and far to the South, is resinous, antisyphilitic,
hemostatic, and febrifuge. Unof.

Heintz's Method. A method of estimating uric acid
in the urine. Take loo c.c. of urine. Add to this
5 c.c. of HC1. Lay the mixture aside for 24 hours.
Collect the crystals on a weighed filter-paper, wash
with dilute HC1 ; dry at 1000 C, and weigh. The
increase in weight will give the percentage of uric
acid.

Heisch's Test. See Tests, Table of.

Heister's or Heisterian Valve. A fold of mucous
membrane in the cystic duct arranged in a spiral.

Heitzmann's Theory. The theory that the axis-cyl-
inder of a nerve-fiber is ordinary connective tissue
modified for the transmission of special impulses.

Hekistotherm [hek-is/ -to-therm) [//kiotoc, least, worst;

(tipi/tj, heat]. In biology, a plant that can subsist

with a minimum of heat, e.g., a member of the Arctic

or Antarctic flora

Helcoid (hel'-koid) [i'/hoc, ulcer; ehhc, likeness].

Resembling an ulcer.
Helcology (kel-kol' -o-je) [cIkoc, ulcer; ?6yoc, science].

The pathology and treatment of ulcers.
Helcoma [hel-ko' -mah) [efacupa, an ulcer: //. , Helco-

matd\. An ulcer.
Helcomenia [hel-ko-mef -ne-ah) [eTiicog, ulcer; [irjv,
month]. Vicarious menstrual discharge from an
ulcer.
Helcoplasty [heV ' -ko-plas-te) [eX/coc, ulcer; kM/toeiv,
to shape]. The treatment of ulcers by skin-grafting.

Helcopoiesis [hel-ko-poi ' ■. ulcer; -

making]. The surgical formation of an issue, for
counter-irritation.

Helcosis [hel-ko1 '-sis) \j'/Kuair, ulceration]. The forma-
tion and development of an ulcer.

Helcotic [hel-kot'-ik) [eA«6»r/«Jc, pertaining to an ulcer].
1 Icerative; of the nature of or accompanied byulci
lion.

Helenin (hel'-en-in) , C6H80. Alant< amphor; Inulol ;
the active principle of inula. It is a faintly odorous
and nearly tasteless, volatile substance, insoluble in
water, but soluble in ether, oils, and hot alcohol. It
; germicidal, and mmended for

use m diphth 1 tuberculosis. Unof.

Helenium ■'. -e'-ne-um) \fkeviov, elecampane]. 1.
Same a- Inula, a. ?■. 2. A genus of composite North
American herbs. H. autumnale, -nee/, wort. H.
nudiflorum, and H. bolanderi are strongly errhine,
and are sub I for arnica. H. puberulum is

tonic, alterative, and errhine. H. tenuifolium, of
the Gulf States, is said to be a destructive cattle-
poison. Unof.

Helianthella [he-le-an-theV -ah) \ffhoq, the sui

flower], \l'/!"i-.i| North American compositi herbs.
The root of //. tenuifolia is aromati ectorant,

antispasmodic, and, in large doses, emetic. It is ol
reputed service in pulmonary complaints. Dose of
the fid. ext. ttlv-xxx. Unof.

Helianthemum [he-le-an* -them-um) \fj~Aioq, sun ; a
flower]. Frostwort ; Rock Rose. The herb H. cana-
densi, astringent, aromatic, tonic, and alterative. It
is useful in diarrhea, scrofula, and secondary syphilis.
Dose of the fid. ext. rr^v-xx. L'nof.

Helianthin [he-le-an' '-thin) [','". tie sun; fivfloc, a
flower], CgH4SO,Na,N:N.C6H4N < II. 1, Methyl-
orange ; an orange-yellow powder used as a dye and
as a test in analyses. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Helianthus [he-le-an' -thus) [//>/oc, sun ; avtiog, flower].
A genus of composite-flowered plants. The sun-
flower. H. annuus, a commonly cultivated specie^,
affords highly useful, oil-bearing seeds, the seeds of
some varieties being also edible. H. tuberosus, the
Jerusalem Artichoke, has large tuberous roots, some-
times eaten when cooked or pickled. Several of the
species are medicinal.

Helichrysum [he-le-kri' '-sum) [ffltog, sun; \i" '
gold]. A genus of old-world composite plants. The
European species (as H. arenarium, H. stcechas)
are aromatic stimulants, used in domestic practice.
Several South African species (H. auriculatum, im-
bricatum, nudiflorum, etc.) are used as pectoral
teas.

Helicin [heP-is-in), C,.tH160.. A glucosid, produced
I j oxidizing salicin with HN03. It dissolves with
difficulty in water, crystallizes in small needles, and
melts at 1750 C.

Helicine (keP-is-in) [pu%, a spiral]. 1. Tortile, or
spiral in structure. 2. Pertaining to the helix. H.
Arteries, arteries proceeding from the profunda penis
branches of the pudic,and from the dorsal arteries of
the penis. See .Arteries, Table of.

Helicogyrate [hel-ik-o-ji' -rat) \pul-, a spiral; yvpog, a
ring]. In biology, having a spiral annulus, as the
spore-cases in trichomanes.

Helicoid [heP-ik-oid) \}'/.<z, a spiral ; dd~oc, form].
Spiral ; coiled like a snail-shell or helix.

Helicopepsin [hel-ik-o-pep' -sin) [>>/5, a spirally coiled
snail ; - . digestion]. A peptic ferment found by
Krukenbergin snails.

Helicorubin [hel-ik-o-ru' -bin) [ehd-, a spiral, the snail;

. ruby]. A pigment of certain invertebrate^ ;

the same as Hemochromogen and Enterohematin, </. 7:

HELICOTR1

IIKMAIIAKi »\ll I Ik

Helicotrema

nlea.

-phalitis . -»» =

.litis

ise].

H<

de-
il pigment cell, as
lianl energy "l the

.

in]. A sun-bath ; a

, sun;

'• ■ i '■

to turn].

um.

H curopaeum >aid to cure warts

>tropin . the sun :

irnl. i Si 2. A. poisonous alkaloid

•. a European species of
I in if.
Heliotro] ,the sun ;

j of a plant or
i which it b I or

unlight.
itropy . the sun; rpoirij, a

Helix iil], rhe margin of the ex-

Hellebore, Black. - H., White. Sec

Helleborein - Helleborus.

Hellebonn . hellebore], C16-

isid 'it' Helleborus
i is a cardiac and ner-
t inl See Hell borus.

with

with hellebore ;

1 by tii- chibition

He'.:- . hellebore: gen.,

I 'lack hellebore,

; It is a drastic

nd was for-
ty, dropsy, and
in i diac
, its action being
less irritation. H.
ously. H.

Helle-

bor- I ,.,.,. ,rr

Ointment.

■

nench's Ointment. jn me

ul

in

ntact with the diseased surface for lour or five
h< mi -.

Helmholtz's Apparatus. A galvanometer consisting
of two equal and vertical coils, with a magnetic needle
midwa) between them. H.'s Ligament. Sec Liga-
ment. H.'s Line. See Lines, 'J'til'/,- of.

Helminth (>)<■/' -minth) [eA/uvc, worm]. A worm; an
intestinal or entozoic worm.

Helminthagogue [hel-minth' -ag-og). See Anthel-
min

Helminthiasis (hel-min-thif -as-is) [iX/uvdiav, to suffer
from worms]. A condition marked by the presence
of parasites in the body, especially intestinal worm-.
Also, a disorder or lesion caused bj worms.

Helminthicide (hel-minth' -is-id) [i'/iurc, a worm;
cadere, to kill]. See Vermicide.

Helminthics Uiel-min'-thiks). See Anthelmintics.

Helminthochorton (hel-min-tho-kor/-ton) [t/./i/rf, a
worm; ^dproq, grass]. Sec Corsxcan Mass.

Helminthoid [hel-min' -thoid) [t'/utvq, a worm ; ehfor,
likeness], shaped like a worm.

Helminthology (hel-min-thol' -o-je) [e\/uv£, a worm;
Myog, science]. A treatise on worms,, especially
tho>e parasitic within the body.

Helminthoma (hcl-min-fhot-m&h) [cA/mvc, a worm;
ofia, a tumor: />/. , Helminthomatd\. A tumor
caused by the presence of a parasitic worm. See
Bui aw Boil and Guinea-worm.

Helminthoncus lhel-minth-ong/-kus) [eA/wvc, a worm;
, a tumor]. An old term for a parasitic skin-dis-
ease.

Helminthophobia (hel-»iin-/ho-fo'-be-aJi) [I'/unc
(kXfiivd-),a. worm; <j>6($og, fear]. A nervous state
produced by the presence or thought of parasitic-
won 1 1 - .

Helminthous {hel-min' '-thus) [efywvc, a worm].
W< irmy.

Helocerous (/ie-los' '-er-tt>) \Jj7.or, a nail; nlpag, horn].
In biology, having capitate antennae.

Heloderma {he-lo-der'-mah) [///<«', wart ; fiip/ia, skin].
A genus of lizard-. H. horridum, of Mexico, and
H. suspectum.of Arizona (called Gila Monster), art
said to be the only known species of venomous lizards.

Helodermatous (hr-lo iL-r'-ma'-us) [r/'/or, a nail, wart ;
tua, skin]. In biology, having a warty or tuber-
culous skin.

Helodes [he-lo'-dii) [>'/«<•, a swamp]. Swampy, or
marshy. Also, a fever attended with profuse sweat-
ing. A I-.,, marsh-fever.

Helonias [hel-o' '-ne-as) \J'm, a marsh]. A genus of
monocotyledonous plants. H. dioica. See Chatna-
lirion.

Helonin {hel-of-nin) \Duog, a marsh]. A crude precip-
itate from the tincture of Chamcelirion carolinianum.
It i- prescribed for uterine affections, ami is tonic and
diuretic. Caution should be observed in its use.
Dose, gr. ij-iv. Unof.

Helopyra {hel-op* '-e-rah) [eAof, marsh ; 77171, fever].
Malarial fever.

Helosis (hel-o/-sis) ['/>«<•, nail, bract]. 1. A genus of
tropical American plants. H. brasiliensis, cayen-
nensis, and iamaicensis, are styptic and vulnerary
I nof. 2. An old name for inversion of
the eyelids; strabismus; eye-spasm; plica polonica;
the term is now seldom employed.

Helvetia Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Helvolous (us) [dim. of helvus, yellow].

I awnj . "i reddish-yellow.

Helweg, Triangular Tract of. A tract that appears
either in juxtaposition with, or as the most ventral part
of, the ventre lateral tra< t of the spinal cord.

Hemabarometer {hem-ab-ar-omf-et-er) [u'uhi, blood ;

IIKM.V II [Nl ISIS

.1!)

HEM \ I HERMi

■in, a i, heavy; utrpov, measure], A contrivance for
the approximate determination of the specific gravity
of the blood.

Hemacelinosis [hem-as-el-en-of -sis) [«/««, blood; Kr/kiq,
spot; vdaoq, disease]. A synonym of the disease,
Purpura .

Hemachroin [hem-ak-ro' '-in) [alpa, blood; ),'""'•
color]. Same as Hematosin.

Hemachrome [hem'-ak-rom) [a) mi, blood; %pibpa,
color]. The coloring matter of the blood: hemalin.

Hemachrosis [hem-ak-ro' -sis) [alpa, blood; \.iuaiq,
coloring], i. Redness of the blood. -'. Any disease
in which the blood is abnormally colon d

Kemacyanin [hem-as-i' '-an-iri) [alpa, blood; km
blue]. A blue coloring-matter found in the blood
and the bile.

Hemacytometer [Sem-as-i-tom'-et-er). See Hemacytom-
eter.

Hemad [hem'-ad) [mmi, blood]. I. Toward the
hemal aspect ; opposed to neurad. 2. A blood cell or
blood corpuscle.

Hemadonosos [hem-ad-on* '-o-sos) [alpag, blood stream;
vdaog, disease]. A disease of the blood or of the
blood-vessels.

Hemadostenosis [hem-ad-o-ste-no'-sis) [aludg, blood-
stream; orevdc, narrow]. Stricture or narrowing of
a blood-vessel.

Hemadosteosis [hem ad-os-te-of -sis) [alpag, blood-
stream; bariov, bone]. Ossification or calcification
of blood-vessels.

Hemadrometer [hem-ad-rom'-et-er). See Hemadro-
mometer.

Heinadrometry [hem ad-rom'-et-re). See Hemadro-
mametry.

Hemadromograph [hem-ad-rom* -o-graf) [alpa, blood ;
fipouoq, course ; ypaQeiv, to write]. An instrument for
registering changes in the velocity of the blood-stream.

Hemadromometer [hem-ad-ro mom'-et-er) [aipa,
blood; fipouoc, course ; perpov, measure]. A device
for measuring the velocity of the blood-current.

Hemadromometry [hem-ad-rd-mom* -et-re) [a)pa, blood;
dpdpoq, course; utrpov, measure]. Measurement of
the speed of the blood-current.

Hemadynamics [hem-ad-i-nam'-iks) [alpa, blood;
Svvapiq, power]. I >ynamics of the blood-current.

Hemadynamometer (Jiem-ad-i-nam-om'-et-er) [alpa,
blood; 6'vvapig, strength; pirpov, a measure]. A
contrivance for measuring the tension or pressure of
blood within the arteries. Careful experiments show-
that, in man, the pressure of blood in the carotid
artery is equal to about that of six inches of mercury.

Hemafecai [hem-af-e'- kal) [alpa, blood ; fcex, dregs].
Characterized by bloody stools. H. Jaundice. See
Jaundice.

Hemagogue [hem'-ag-og) [alpa, blood ; ayay6g, lead-
ing]. 1. Promoting the menstrual or hemorrhoidal
discharge of blood. 2. An agent that promotes the
catamenial or hemorrhoidal flow of blood.

Hemahysteria [hem-a-his-tc' '-re-ah) [alpa, blood;
voripa, uterus]. Synonym of Menorrhagia.

Hemal (hem'-al) [alpa, blood]. I. Pertaining to the
blood or the vascular system. 2. See / 'entral.

Hemaleucin [hem-al-oo1 '-sin) [alpa, blood; "kevn6g,
white]. Fibrin ; the white portion of a washed blood-
clot.

Hemaleukosis [hem-al-oo-ko' -sis) [alpa, blood; %evn6g,
white]. The formation of the buffy coat of a clot.

Hemalopia [hem-al-o' '-pe-ah) [alpa, blood ; tty, the
eye]. Effusion of blood in the eye; erythropsia.

Hemameba [hem-am-e' '-bah) [alpa, blood ; ex-
change]. A white blood-cell so called from its re-
semblance to an ameba.

Hemangioma [hem-an-je-o1 '-mah) [aiua, blood;

a, v, vr,-. ■] ; i,i/i i, a tumor: //. , Hemangiomata\.
angioma made up of blood-vessels, as distinguished
from lymphangioma.

Hemanthin [hem-an' '-thin) [alpa, blood; avdog, a flow-
er]. An alkaloid from Hemanthu u . it is
poisonous, with ih'- general properties "i atropin.

Hemanthus [hem-an' -thus) [alpa, blocd; avftog, I
er]. A genus of amaryllidaceous plants; bl
(lower. H. coccineus, of S. Africa, affords an arrow-
poison, with i ral properties of atropin. The plant
is a diuretic and cardiant. It affords hemanthin. I nof.

Hemaphein ■' in) [alpa, bloo . dusky],

A brown coloring-matter from blood, regarded as a
decom] roduct of hematin ; it is probably the

same as urohematin.

Hemaphobia (hem-af-o'-be-ah). See Hematophobia.

Hemapoiesis (hem-ap-oi-e'-sis). See Hematopoiesis.,

Hemapoietic [hem-ap-oi-et'-ik). See Hematopoietic.

Hemapophysis (// m-up-off'-is-is) [alpa, blood ; a
veiv, to put forth]. That part of an ideal or perfect
vertebra which forms the antero lateral part of the
hemal arch. In man, all the hemapophyses are either
cartilaginous or detached.

Hemaporia [hem-ap-o' -re-ah) [alpa, blood; u-npin,
distress]. Any disorder of the blood, e.g. anemia.

Hemarthron, Hemarthros [hem-ar'-thron, hem-ar'-
thros) [alpa, blood ; joint]. Effusion of blood

into the synovial sac of a joint.

Hemarthrosis [hem-ar-throf-sis) [alpa, blood ; apduaiq,
a joint]. Effusion of blood into a joint.

Hemastatic [hem-as-tat'-ik). See Hemostatic.

Hemastatics [hem-as-tat'-iks) [alpa, blood ; arariKog,
standing]. That branch of physiology treating of the
laws of the equilibrium of the blood.

Hemasthenosis [hem-as-then-of -sis) [alpa, blood ;
aadeveia, weakness]. A weakening or deterioration of
the blood.

Hematachometer [Inm-at-ak-om' -et-er). See Hemo-
tachometer.

Hematangionosus [hem-at-an-je-on'-o [aiua,

blood; ayyelov, vessel ; voaog, disease]. Any disease
of the blood- vessrl-

Hematangiosis [hem-at-an-je-of -sis) [aiua, blood ;
ayyelov, vessel]. Any disease of the blood-vessels.

Hemataporia [hem-at-ap-o' -re-ah). See Hemaporia.

Hematapostasis [hem-at-ap-os' -tas-is) [alpa, blood ;
airSaraaig, a standing away from]. Unequal distribu-
tion or pressure of blood, with congestion or effusion
in sonic part of the body.

Hematapostema [hem-at-ap-os-te' -mah) [alpa, blood;
a-oarr/ua, abscess : //. , Hemapostemata\ An abscess
containing extravasated blood.

Hemataria [hem-at-a* -re-ah) [alpa, blood]. The so-
called blood-animals.

Hetr.atedema(//r'«-((/-i'-(//-W(7/;) [alpa, bl I ; St] pa,

a swelling]. Swelling due to the effusion of blood.

Hematein [hem-at-e1 -in) [alpa, blood], C18H1206. A
crystalline principle derivable from, and reconvertible
into, hematoxylin.

Hemateleum [hem-at-el-e'-um) [aiua, blood; eXaiov,
oil]. A yellow or brownish oily fluid obtained by
the dry distillation of blood.

Hematemesis [hem-at-em'-cs-is) [alpa, blood ; epieiv,
to vomit]. The vomiting of blood from any cause.
It may be due to general or constitutional pathologic
conditions, or to local conditions.

Hematencephalon [hem-at-en-sef'-al-on) [ahta, blood;
■•';••■■ . train]. A hemorrhage or bleeding within

the brain ; cerebral apoplexy.

Hemathermous (Aem-alh-er'-mus) [alpa, blood;
Oeppbg, hot]. Having warm blood.

HIM MIHI'K'

;.:>< >

I li:\lA'lt HiKAl'l IV

Hemathidro

ition of
ids,

m a

ic number or pr<

vtometer

I ;
\ noglobin

. I nit

and metallic

tin. Ii i- .1 very -table

■ li.il, ether,

ly in dilute

.

m for H

Hcmatinic 1]. i. Relating

irtion of

nt, such as iron,

i hematin or

'.ometer - ime as

He blood; m

also Hema-

Hemato- - , Mood]. A prefix

Hematobiou .;. blood; 0iog,

Hematobium um) [aifta, blood; Hog,

I- A 2. A blood parasite.

Hematoblast . hi I; \/<,-

rudimentary or immature red

Hematocaus: . blood ; mieiv,

□ "I" certain elements

Hematocele [a'unt, blood; id/Turf, a

ivasation and

H., Pelvic, an effusion

tally due to rupture of

tra uterine pi

rupture of an ovary,

i nl ; n ma) follow

g through the Fallo-

tion of the

bl i rir.

Is a

"er: ■. blood ; KoOua,

ritoneal

tumoi thai

Hematochezia(//<-w -.7/- <'-&•'-:<•-// //N[«b/e, blood; fifetv,
to defecate]. The passage of hemorrhagic >tools.

Hematochrosis {Jiem-at-o-kro' -sis) [aifta, blood; {paaig,
coloring: pi., Hemalochroses\ i. Any disease char-
1 by discoloration of the skin. i. A discolor-
ation ol the skin.

Hematochyluria [hem-ai '-o-ki-lu' '-re-ah\ [aifta, blood;
. chyle; ovpov, urine]. The presence of blond
i chylous material in the urine. It is usually an
intermittent condition.

Hematocolpos ( kol'-pos) [aifta, blood ; kS)

vagina]. Hemorrhage into the vagina. Also a
collection of menstrual discharge within the vagina,
due i" atresia or imperforate hymen.

Hematocrit {hemf-at-o-krit)[aifta, blood; Kpirijg, judge;
, to separate, to judge]. An instrument fur
making volumetric estimation of the blood by sepa-
rating by centrifugal action the corpuscles from the

am \ volume nl blood and one of Miilli
liquid (to prevent coagulation) are placed together in
:i nf two small, thick-walled glass tubes, gradu-
ated in fifty parts. The tubes re^t on brass holders
which are fixed on the axes of a revolving apparatus.
After some eight thousand revolutions in from live
to seven minutes, the process is complete. Tin
corpuscles and the salt-plasma are separated by a
narrow hand of leukocytes. The instrument is useful
in comparing the blood of different individuals.
With a little practice the total error is not more
than one per cent.

Hematocryal [hem-at-ok? -re-al) [ai/ia, blood ; Kpvot ■,
cold]. In biology, of or pertaining to the cold-
blooded invertebrates.

Hematocrystallin [hem-al-o-krisr -tal-in). Same as
Hemoglobin.

Hematocyanosis [hem-at-o-si-an-o' -sis). Synonym of
Cyanosis.

Hematocyst [hemf -at-o-sist) [aifta, blood ; icfarnc,
bladder]. A cyst containing blood. Also an effu-
sion of blood into the bladder.

Hematocyte [hemf -at-o-slf) [<////</, blood ; Kims, cell].
A blood-corpuscle.

Hematocythuria (hem-at-o-si-tku'-re-ah) [aifta, blood ;
tcbrog, cell ; obpov, urine]. The presence of blood-
cells in the urine.

Hematocytometer [hem-at-o-si-tomf-et-er). See Hema-
cytometer.

Hematodes {hem-at-o' [alftar&d'jfg, bloody].

IH ly ; gorged with or appearii%^ like blood.

Hematodiarrhea {hem-at-o-di-ar-e/-ak). Synonym of
/>: ntery.

Hematodynamics {hem-at-o-di-nam'-iks). See Hemo-
dynamics.

Hematodynamometer [hem-at-o-di-nam-om' '-et-er\.
><t- II madynamometer .

Hematodyscrasia (kem-al-o-dis-kra'-se-ah) [ai/ia,
blood; fivoKpaaia, bad temperament], A diseased or
dyscrasic state of the blood.

Hematogenesis {hem-at-o-jen1 '-es-is) [an/a, blood ;
. production]. Tin- development of blood or

of blood-corpuscles; the making of blood.
Hematogenic [hem-at-o-jen' ik) [difia, blood ; yewav,

to produce]. Pertaining to the formation of blood.
Hematogenous [hem-at-oj' -en us ) \ aifta, blood ; yei

producing]. Derived from, or having origin in, the

blood

Hematoglobin (kem-at-o-glor -bin) . See Hemoglobin.

Hematoglobulin [hem-at-o-globf -u-liri). Same as
II moglobin.

Hematography {hem-at-ogf -ra-fe)[a\fui, blood ; ypafyeiv,
to write]. A description of tin- blood ; hemat-
ology.

HEMATOHIDROS1S

551

III MA'lul'okl'IIVKIX

Hematoidin Crystals.

Hematohidrosis (hem-at-o-hid-ro'-sis). See Hematid-

rosis.

Hematoid (hem'-at-oid) [alfia, blood; tlSog, form].
Resembling blood.

Hematoidin (hcmatoi'-din) [alua, blood ; fl^or,
resemblance], < ,,;
H,8N2< >;. A deriva-
tive of hemoglobin,
identical with biliru-
bin, the pigment of
the bile. It o
as reddish or orange
rhombohedral crys-
tals.in old blood-clots,
a> of cerebral hemor-
rhages, i n corpora
lutea, and in the
urine of hematuria.

Hematoin (hem-at-of -in) . Same as Hematoporphyrin.

Hematokrit (hem* -at-o-krit i. See Hematocrit.

Hematolin (hem-af -o-lin) [alfia, blood], < -',,„! I7„Nr8Or
An iron-free derivative of hematin.

Hematology (hem-at-oP -o-je) [<uua, blood; /
science]. The science of the blood, its nature, func-
tions, and disorders.

Hematolysis (hem-at-oP -is-is) [alfia, blood; Mxrig, a
solution]. A solution, or an imperfect coagulation, of
the blood ; diminished coagulability of the blood ; a
diseased condition marked by destruction of the cor-
puscular constituents of the blood; impoverishment of
the blood.

Hematolytic (hem-at-o-lit' '-ik) [alfia, blood ; /i mg, a
solution]. Marked by or tending to impoverishment
of the blood.

Hematoma (hem-at-o' '-ma/i) [«)wa, blood; bfia, tumor:
pi. , Hematomatd\. A tumor, fungus, or swelling
containing blood. H. auris, Insane Ear; an effu-
sion of blood or serum between the cartilage of the
ear and its covering, occurring in various forms of
insanity. It may be either acute or chronic, if the
former reaching the size of a pigeon's egg in a day or
two. It is an elastic tumor, generally painless, with
some local heat. It may suppurate and burst, or may
shrivel up, in either case leaving considerable defor-
mity. In the majority of cases the left ear is involved,
and the condition occurs most frequently among men.
H. of the Dura mater, an effusion beneath the dura
mater, forming membranous sheets. H., Pelvic, an
effusion of blood into the cellular tissue of the pelvis ;
it is frequently due to traumatism, or occurs as a
complication of pregnancy and the puerperal state.
from rupture of dilated veins; it is often the result
of rupture of an extra-uterine pregnancy.

Hematomantia (hem-at-o-man'-she-ah) [alfia, blood ;
inn-: in, divination]. The arriving at a diagnosis
from .examination of the blood.

Hematomatous [hem-at-o* '-mat-us) [alfia, blood; dim,
a tumor] . kelating to or of the nature of a hema-
toma.

Hematomediastinum (hem* -at-o-me-de-as-tP -num)
[alfia, blood; mediastinum, the mediastinum]. An
effusion of blood or bloody serum into the mediastinal
cavities.

Hematometer (hem-at-om' -et-er) . See Hemoglobino-
meter.

Hematometra (hem-at-o-mef -trah) [alfia, blood; ur'/rpn,
womb]. Hemorrhage in the womb. Also, an accu-
mulation of menstrual discbarge within the uterine
cavity, as a result of obstruction

Hematometry (hem-at-om' -et-re) \<uim , blood; fierpov,
measure]. The measurement, or estimation of the
measure, of the blood.

Hematomonas (hem ■at-o-mof-na | [alua, blood ; /.

a unit]. A grim, of microso infesting

the blood. See / u and Plasmodium.

Hematomphalocele (hem-at-om-faP -o-sil\ [«!««,
blood; bfi<ba'A6q, navel ; '»/////, tumor]. A tumor or
a hernia at the navel, distended with blood.

Hematomyces (hem-at-om' -is-iz) [alfia, blood ; uvkjk,
a fungus], A hematoid variet) of encephaloid <
noma ; medullary sarcoma. It h called, also, In,
hematodes.

Hematomyelia (hem-at-o-mi-e' -le-ah) [alfia, blood;
. marrow]. Hemorrhage into tin- spinal cord;
an accumulation of blood in the central canal of the
spinal cord rhe symptoms vary with the seat, but
paralyses, vaso-motor and trophic changes, loss of
scn-,ation, eti , , are < ommon.

Hematomyelitis (hem-at-o-mi-el-P -lis) [(nun, blood;
i/i!/in\ marrow; i~i< , inflammation]. An acute
myelitis attended with an effusion of blood into the
spinal < < ird,

Hematoncus (hem-at-ong'-ku ) [alfta, blood ; <'-
tumor]. Blood-tumor; hemangioma; hematoma.

Hematopathy (hem-at-op' '-ath j lod; -iiOoq,

disease]. Any disease of the blood.

Hematopedesis (hem-at-o-ped-ef -sis) [alfia, blood;
nSfdrfaig, a leaping] . Cutaneous hemorrhage; hemat-
idrosis.

Hematopericardium (hem-at-o-per-ik-ar'-de-um)[diua,
blood; irepiKapdiov, pericardium]. An effusion of
blood into the pericardium, dm- to rupture or perfora-
tion of the walls of the heart.

Hematophagous (hem-at-o ff'-ag-us) [alfia, blood;
<payelv, to eat], klood-eating : p< rtaining to insects,
such as the gnat, mosquito, etc., that suck the blood.

Hematophilia (kem-at-o-fil'-e-ah). See Hemophilia.

Hematophobia (hem-ai [oh/a, blood;

of, fear]. Morbid dread of the sight of blood.

Hematophore (hem' -at-o-for) [alfia, blood ; (pepeiv, to
bear]. An instrument used in the transfusion of
blood.

Hematophthalmia (hem-at-off-thaP -me-ah). See Hem-
ophthalmia.

Hematophyte (hem' -at-o-fit) [alua, blood; <fnrr6v,
a plant], A vegetable organism, such as a bacillus,
living in the blood.

Hematopinax (hem-at-op' -in-ahs) [alfia, blood ; irivag,
tablet: pi, Hematopinaces\ A blood-plaque.

Hematopisis (hem-at-op1 '-is-is) [alfia, blood; triveiv, to
drink]. I. The drinking of blood. 2. A morbid
collection of blood in any cavity of the body.

Hematopisy (hem-at-op' -is-e). See PAmalopisis.

Hematoplanesis (hem-at-o-plan-ef -sis) [atua, blood ;
-/'ii7,rr/r, wandering]. See Hematoplania.

Hematoplania (hem-at-o-pla' -ne-ah) [alfia, blood;
ir/Xdvj), a wandering]. Vicarious or aberrant course
or flow of the blood

Hematoplasma (hem-at-o-plaz'-mah) [alfia, blood;
-'/iinuii, plasma]. The plasma of the blood.

Hematoplast (hemf -at-o-plast). Same as Hematoblast.

Hematoplastic (kem-at-o-plas'-tik) [alfia, blood ;
- - . plastic]. Hlood-forming.

Hematoplethora (hem-at-o-pleth' -or-ah). Synonym o(
Plethora.

Hematopoiesis (hem-at-o-poi-e'-sis) [alfia, blood;
woikeiv, to make]. The making of blood. See
Hematosis.

Hematopoietic (hem-at-o-poi-eP -ik) [alua, blood;
. to make], keiating to or forwarding the pro-
cesses of blood-making.

Hematoporphyrin (hem-at-o-por1 '-fe-rin) [alfia, blood;

urple], Cfi8HT4N80,j. Iron-free hematin.

a metabolitic decomposition-product of hemoglobin.

>RPH\ RINURIA

111 MIALBUMIN( »SE

It atl'

He: pbyrinuria

■

less
•iiinl

He:

therapeutic n
unctival

al.
; discharge of blood ;

ie blood.
. blood ; ■■■. cus, a

Her: [nhin, bl

A hemorrhagic distention or ob-

■

Hematoscheoce'.c I , bl I;

tumor], A hemorrhagic tumor
lum.
Hematoscopr ,'•••.■,/, blood; okoti

A form of, <>r an attachment to,

in examination of Mood.

Hematoscopy ,1.! 1; mum

imination of tin- blood

Hemato-c iod]. Full of blood.

Hemato- - mia.

Hematos:. Hematin.

, Mood], i.

relation of blood and the de-
2 The arterializa-

atospectroscope [al/ia,

tudy of tln>

' "■■■ < i i [al/ia, blood ;

. semen.
Hcmatospongu^ M [.

S( e Hemothot

ned or impure condi-

Het: blood;

is principle

'or,
"I ;

n in

H.,

i hema-

atoxylo-

wood]. 1 ogwood. The heart wood of //. eatnpe-

. ■.' .■ ii on in- a- (lark brown raspings or a coarse
powder, and contains tannic acid and a coloring-prin-
ciple, •'. ■•■'. ' 16HU06, that becomes grayish-red
the action of light. It is a mild astringent. H.,
t. Dose gr. « H., Decoctum, strength i to
17. I lose ^j-ij. L'nof.
Hematozoic \lum-at-o-zo' -ik) [ai/ia, blood; £Qov, an

animal]. Pertaining to a hematozodn.
Hematozobn [hem-at-o-zof-on\ [alfia, blood; „i. ,,,,
animal: pi. , Hematozoa"]. Any living organism or
animal in tile blood.
Hematozymotic [kem-at-o-zi-moP -ik) [alfia, blood;
■ ',, leaven]. Relating to a blood-ferment, or to
fermentation in tin- blood of a living organism.
Hematuresis {hem-at-u-re'-sis) [alfia, blood; oipov,
urine]. The passage of bloody urine.

Hematuria [heni-at-uf-re-ah) \a\[ia, blood ; ovpov,
urine]. Hematuresis. Blood in the urine. It may be
due to injur\'. local disease, general disorder, or the
e ol entozoa. When only the coloring-matter
ol the blood is found in the urine, it is termed hetno-
binuria or hematinuria. The color of the urine
in hematuria vane, from bright red to a dingy, smoky
color, or to merely a tinging of the urine. The urine
may lie examined for blood-corpuscles by means of the
microscope; the presence of blood maybe demon
strated by the spectroscope. A/men's, or the guai-
,i ■uni test, or Heller's test maybe made. See Vests,
Table of. H., Intermittent, that form due to
malaria] poisoning. H., Paroxysmal. Same as
//. , Intermittt /it.

Hemautogram {hem-aw/-to-gram\ [aiua, blood ; avr6 ,
self; ;i>'!iiiiii, a tracing]. The tracing made in hem-
autography.

Hemautogxaph [hem-avZ-to-graf). Same as Hem-
autogram.

Hemautography [hem-aw-tog' -ra-fe) [ai/ia, blood ;
avrSg, self; ypatpeiv, to write]. The tracing of the
pulse-curve by the jet of blood from a divided artery
caught upon paper drawn in front of it.

Hemeralopia (hem-er-al-o1 '-pe-afi) [)'/ulpa, day;
eye]. Day-vision or night-blindness; a symptom of
pigmentary degeneration of the retina, failure of
general nutrition, etc. Vision is good by day or in
a strong light, but fails at night. See also Nyctalopia.

Hemeraphonia (kem-er-af-o'-ne-ah) [tfuipa, day; d,
priv.; on/7,, voice]. Loss of voice during the day,
with return of the power of phonation at night.

Hemerythrin [hem-err -ith-rin) [ai/ia, blood; hpvOpdg,
red]. The pigment found by Krukenberg in the
blood of Sipunculus audits.

Hemerythrogen [hem-er-ith'-.ro-gen) \aifia, blood;
. red; , ' . producing]. The chromogen of
hemerythrin.

Hemi- (hem'-e-) [>/"', half]. A prefix, meaning one-
half. In anatomy and ph\ iologj it is applied to one ol
the two lateral halves of the body.

Hemiablepsiaf/vwv •ab-lep'-se ah) [$/u, half; d i/ 1
blindness]. See Hemianopsia.

Hemiacephalus {hem-e-ah-seff-al-us) [)/"', half; ii,
priv. ; KE0aMj, head]. A variety of omphalositic
monsters of the species Paracephalus. It is the
lowest grade of development in paracephalus, closely
approaching true acephalus.

Hemiachromatopsia \hem-e-ah-kro-mat-op,-se-aK)\ii\u,
half ; a, priv. ; ypupa, color ; orjjig, vision]. Subnormal
"i absent color-vision in corresponding halves of the
held of vision.

Hemialbumin [Aem-e-aH-bu-min). See Anti-albumin,

Hemialbuminose [kem-e-al-bu'-min-os). The same as
Hemialbum

HEMIALBl MOSE

')■>'■)

JI1..\1II1\ PERESTHESIA

Hemialbumose (hem-e-aH-bu-mbs) ['/'", half; albu-
men, the white of egg]. The most characteristii and
most frequently obtained by-product of proteid /.sun.
lysis. It is the Forerunner ol hemipeptone. It is
frequently found in the urine, ami oi i urs normally in
the marrow of bones and in cerebro spinal lluid. See
Peptones.

Hemialbumosuria [hem-e-al-bu-mos-u* '-ri ah). Same
as Propeptonuria.

Hemialgia [hem-e-al' -je-ah) [/}'», half; aXyog, pain].
Unilateral neuralgia.

Hemianalgesia {kem-e-an-al-je/-se-ak\ [///", half; av
priv. ; aXyog, pain]. Insensibility to pain throughout
one lateral half of the body and liml>>.

Hemianasarca [hem-e-an-as-ar1 -kah) [//«/, half; avd,
through ; oap^, flesh]. Edema of one-half of the hods .

Hemianesthesia [kem-e-an-es-the z,-'-ah) [i/iu, half;
avaujdriaia, want of feeling] . Partial or complete loss
of the sense of feeling in a lateral half of the body.

Hemianopia (Aem-e-an-o/-pe-aA). See Hemianopsia.

Hemianopsia [hem-e-an-opf-se-ah) \fifii, half; av,
priv. ; htbiQ, sight]. Blindness in one-half of the
visual field. It may be bilateral (binocular) or mono-
lateral (monocular or uniocular), according as it affects
one or both eyes. H., Binasal, due to anesthesia of
the temporal halves of the retina, the nasal fields
thereby failing to be visible. H., Bitemporal, the re-
verse of the last. H., Crossed or Heteronymous, a
general term for either binasal or bitemporal hemianop-
sia. H., Homonymous, right, or left, the most com-
mon form, affecting the inner half of one field and the
outer of the other. H., Inferior and Superior, the
upper or lower halves of the retina are insensitive.

Hemianoptic (Jiem-e-an-op/-lik) [//»', half; av, priv. ;
6i/«c, sight]. Affected with hemianopsia.

Hemiataxia {hem-e-at-aks' -e-ah) [$/u, half; a, priv. ;
rnzir, order]. Inability to produce orderly or system-
atic movements on one side of the body.

Hemiathetosis Uiem-e-ath-et-o' '-sis) \jjui, half; adcror,
without fixed position]. A term for athetosis or in-
voluntary rhythmic movements of one side of the bods-
only.

Hemiatrophy {hem-e-at'-ro-fe) [>}ut, half; arpoipta, lack
of nourishment]. Imperfect or impaired nutrition
confined to one side of the body.

Hemiazygous [hem-e-az' -ig-us) [>}iu, half; a, priv. ;
£vy6r, a yolk]. Partially paired ; imperfectly azy-
gous. H. Veins. See Vein.

Hemibranchiate (hem-e-brang' '-ke-at) [qui, half;
ftp&yxia, gills]. In biology, having an incomplete bran-
chial apparatus.

Hemic (hem'-ik) [alfia, blood]. Pertaining to the
blood ; hemal.

Hemicardia [hem-e-kar^-de-ah) [//'", half; icapdia,
heart]. Half of a four-chambered heart.

Hemicarp [Iietn'-e-karp) [i/ui, half; Kun-nr, fruit]. In
biology, one of the separable carpels of a dicarpel-
lary fruit.

Hemicatalepsy [hem-e-kaf '-al-ep-se) [>'/<", half; nara-
Xeipia, catalepsy]. Catalepsy affecting only one lateral
half of the subject.

Hemicentrum \hem-e-sen'-trum) [>/m. half; tekvrpov,
center]. Either one of the two lateral elements of
the centrum of a vertebra.

Hemicephalia [hem-e-sef-a'-le-ah). Synonym of
Hemicrania.

Hemicephalus {hem-e-sef'-al-us) [i/iti, half; Kron'/I;,
head]. A monster fetus in which the cerebral hemi-
spheres and skull are absent or undeveloped. It is a
synonym of Anencephalus.

Hemicerebrum {nem-e-ser/-e-bmm) [//'". half; cere-
brum, cerebrum]. A cerebral hemisphere.

Hemichordate {hem-e-kor* '-dat) [hemi, half; chorda,
a string]. Ink >i or pertaining to such animal

t> irms a-> are int< rm< and

the Achordata, e.g., /• \m us.
Hemichorea ikem-e-ko-t ['//", half; x°

chorea, dance]. Unilateral chon
in which the convulsive movements are confined to
one side of the body only.
Hemicollin {hem-e-koV '-in) [//fit, half; k67.7m, glue],
1 ' 'tc.^'ii' 'ri- -^ peptone-like substai ived

from coll □ It i-. soluble in 70-80 per cent.
alcohol, and is not precipitable by platinum tetra-
chlorid.

Hemicrania {hem-e-kra'-ne-ah) \$ut, half;

head]. Neuralgia or headache of one-half of the
head.

Hemicranic (hem-e-kra'-nik) [i,!u, half; Kpavi6v,
skull]. Pertaining to half the skull. H. Equiva-
lents, a name given to isolated symptoms — Sitting
scotomata, vomiting, vaso-motor disturbances, etc. —
in cases of aborted migraine.

Hemicyclic (// m-e-si'-klik) [f/p:i, half; kvkXos, a circle].
In biology, having certain of the floral organs ar-
ranged in whorls, and others in a spiral.

Hemidesmus [hem-e-dez' '-mus) \i,ui, half; 6eau6c, a
band], Indian sarsaparilla. The dried root of//.
indicus, imported from India. It is atonic, altera)
diaphoretic, and diuretic. H., Syr. ( 15. P. ). Dose gj.

Hemidiaphoresis (Aem-e-di-a/-or-e/-sis) \$ui, half;
6ia< . sweating]. Sweating of one lateral half

of the body only.

Hemidrosis [hem-id-rtZ-sis). See Hematidrosis.

Hemidysesthesia [kem-e-dis-es-the'-ze-ah) [/,'»', half;
6vg, difficult ; aladr/aiq, sensation]. Enfeebled or
dulled sensation in a lateral half of the body, or in
half of one of the organs of sense.

Hemidystrophia {hem-e-dis-tror -fe-ah) [1)111, half; 6va,
ill; rpooij, nourishment]. In biology, the state of
being imperfectly nourished.

Hemi-elastin {hem-e-e-las/-tin). See Proto-elastose.

Hemielytrum, Hemielytron [hem-e-eV '-it-rum, -t
[$/«, half; IXvrpov, a sheath : pl.,Hemielytra'\. One
of the fore-wings of hemipterous and heteropterou>
insects, or one of the dorsal scales of certain marine
annelids, as in Hermioni.

Hemiencephalon {hem-e-en-seff -at-on) [qui, half;
!•/<■' <.'(!/ of, brain]. Either lateral half of the brain.

Hemiencephalus [kem-e-en-sef'-al-us) [>,/", half;

. brain]. A monstrosity without organs of

sense, but possessing otherwise a nearly normal brain.

Hemiepilepsy {hem-e-ep* -il-ep-se) [fyui, half; i-u \
epilepsy]. A form of epilepsy in which the convul-
sions are confined to one lateral half of the body.

Hemifornix [hem'-e-for/-niks) [qui, half; fornix, an
arch, vault]. A name used to designate the irregular,
elongated portion of either paracelian floor, comp'
of hippocamp, fimbria, and fornicolumn.

Hemigamous {hem-ig* '-am-us) [r^u, half; yapoq, mar-
riage]. In biology, applied to grasses in which one
floret is neuter and the other male or female.

Hemiglossitis [hem-e-glos-i'-tis) ['//», half; •j'/.uoaa,
tongue; inr, inflammation]. Inflammation of one-hall
of the tongue only. A definite nodule or lump may be
present in the substance of the tongue.

Hemignathous {hem-igf-na-thus) [i,m, half; -\vaftoc,
jaw]. In biology, applied to such birds as have one
mandible shorter than the other.

Hemihidrosis [hem-e-hid-ro' -sis) [if", half; Idpitc,
sweat]. The same as Hemidiaphoresis.

Hemihyperesthesia {hem-e-hi-per-es-the* '-ze-ah)

half; \nckp, over ; aiodtfou;, sensation]. Hyperesthesia
confined to one lateral half of the body.

Ill M I U\ PERTROPHY

55 I

III Mil ERATIC

Hemihypertrophv

' ] H y\

Hcmihypcs:

i] Impairraenl

Mil.].

trophied

lal .urns and

;tabo '.-.

■ I im]

■
In biology, in-

. ball ;
-J Myasthenia ol

. oclonus

amotion]. i ol the

: dy.
. « ,H VI el >§.HC1
rochlorid ofhematin. A
i -. stalline substance
btained by heating m
: .hi a glass-slide with
ise of blood that
i old blood -clot or stain, the resi-

*/'

te+*

4 * 'x

n $ \

0*

>>

' M Lamb. 6. Pike. 7.

bit.

- possible with a
then ]

nd heat 1

lark-brown or black,

raging to the

soluble in alcohol,

■

irasthenia Hfu,

■ uras-
half of the body.

1 ]. The
the
tb it pari

•niopy //,, hem' e-dp-e).

, to
united by the
iuth. '

u. half;
of a

Hemipa:' im.

Hem

pairmenl of strength]. Paresis, or weakening of the
strength on one side of the body only.
Hemiparesthesia [hem-e-par-es-the/-ze-ah\ [1)111, half;
id, beside ; aUrB^att . sensation]. Numbness or
paresthesia of one lateral half of the bod).

Hemiparetic [kem-e-par-ef -ik) ['/"/, half; wapeoic, im
pairmenl of strength]. Affected with hemiparesis.

Hemi-peptone [hem-e-pep' '-ton). See Peptones.

Hemiphalacrosis {hem-e-fal-ak-ro/ -sis) [')/". half;
. baldness]. Baldness affecting one lateral
half of the head.

Hemiphonia [hem-e-for -ne-ak) ['//•", half; ipurvt}, voice].
Speech having the characteristics of half-voice, half-
whispei ; used by patients in great weakness and ex-
haustii >n.

Hemipinic Acid [hem-e-pin1 '-ik) . See Acid.

Hemiplegia [hem-e-plef -je-ah) [>//", half; -///;.//,
stroke]. Paralysis of our side of the body, due
usually to a lesion ol some part of the corpus striatum
and internal capsule, of the cms cerebri, or of the COl
tex or subcortex of the opposite side of the brain. H.,
Alternate, paralysis of the facial muscles upon one
side, with paralysis of the trunk and extremities upon
the opposite side of the body. H., Bilateral Spastic.
Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. H., Cere-
bral, the ordinary form lirst described. H., Crossed.
Same as //. , Alternate. H., Facial, motor paralysis
of one side of the face. H., Hephestic, from the
use of the hammer by smiths, a form of occupation neu-
rosis. H., Spastic, a form occurring in infants, in
which the affected extremities are subject to convul-
sive twitchings. H., Spinal, paralysis of one side or
of the whole body, with loss of sensation of the
opposite side. It is due to disease of the spinal
cord.

Hemiplexia [hem-e-pleks* '-e-ak) . Same as Hemiplegia.

Hemiprosoplegia \hem-e-pro-so-pler-je-ah) [v", half;
irpdoonrov, face; ~/>/}//, stroke]. Paralysis of one
side of the face.

Hemiprotein [hem-e-pro'-te-in). See Antialbumatc.

Hemipterous {hem-ip* '-ter-us) [r/ut, half; --
wing]. In biology, applied to certain insects that
have the fore-wings partly membranous and partly
coriaceous or chitinous.

Hemirheumatism [hem-e-ruf -mat-izm) [7///, half;
inrioiinr, liability to rheum]. Rheumatism con-
fined to one lateral half of the laody.

Hemisection [hem-e-sek' -shun) \jifii, half; sectio, a
cutting]. Bisection; chiefly applied to division into
two lateral halves. See Medisection.

Hemiseptum [hem-e-sep' '-turn) [///", half; septum, a
partition]. The lateral half of a septum, as of the
heart ; the lateral half of the septum lucidum.

Hemispasm {hem'-e-spazm) [vfii, half; tr/rao/iSc, a
spasm]. A spasm or convulsive movement affecting
only one side of the body.

Hemisphere {hem* -is-ftr) [/////, half; aipalpn, a ball].
Half a sphere. H., Cerebellar, either lateral half
of the cerebellum. H., Cerebral, either lateral half
of the cerebrum.

Hemisystole {hem-e-sis1 '-to-le) [$/u, half; ovotoM}, a
lion]. A peculiar Kind of irregular action of
the hear! muscle, in which, with every two beats of
the heart, only on< beal of the pulse is felt.

Hemiterata [hem-it-er1 '-ot-aA) [>/»', half; ripac, mon-
| A class ol malformations, including all human
l>o. lies presenting any abnormality of development, not
grave enough to be called monstrous, nor of the spe-
■ ific character to be 1 lassed as heterotaxic or henna
phroditic.

Hemiteratic [hem it-er-af '-ik) [/////.half; rrpar, a mon-
I Pertaining to Hemiterata.

1 1 KM II IS

.-,:,.-,

HEMOGLi IBINEMIA

[ai/ia, blood; nui'/.ta, a

Hemitis [hem-i'-tis) [alfia, blood ; trig, inflammation].
A condition of the blood associated with inflammation,

Hemitriteus [hem il-nt r'-us) [i/iu, half; Tpeig, three].
The semi-tertian form of ague.

Hemitropous {hem-it* -ro-pus) ['/«', half; rpOTrfj, a
turning over]. In biology, amphitropous ; half ana
tropOus; applied to the plant-embryo when much
curved.

Hemizonia [hem-iz-o' -ne-ah) [iffii, half; Ztnm, girdle].
A genus of composite-flowered herbs and shrubs, oi
which some 19 species are Californian ; they arc-
called tar-weeds and resin-weeds. They are generally
strongly fragrant, resinous plants, locally esteemed for
their balsamic qualities. Unof.

Hemlock [hem'-lok). See Ionium. H.-bark, a bark
used in the manufacture of leather. It is taken from
Abies canadensis of Canada and the United States,
and contains nearly fourteen per cent, of tannin. It
is said to produce a leather harder than oak-bark, but
which is less pliable and more pervious to water. H.-
extract, a strongly astringent, solid extract of hem
lock-bark, q. v. It is principally employed in the
arts. H. Spruce. See Abies. #

Hemo-(/;.7«'-o-)[«i;ra, blood]. A prefix denoting blood

Hemocelum \hem-o-sef -lum \
cavity]. A blood-cyst.

Hemochromogen {hem-o-kro' -
mo-jeri) [alfia, blood ; xpi.i/ui,
color; };i7/e, producing]. An
excretory pigment of certain
invertebrates. In some bee-
tles it has a respiratory func-
tion. It is the same as Rn-
tt rokematin and Helicorubin.

Hemochromometer [kem-o-
kro-momf-et-er) [alfia, blood;
Xpafia, color ; fiirpov, meas-
ure]. Colorimeter ; an instru-
ment for estimating the
amount of oxyhemoglobin in
the blood, by comparing a
solution of the blood with a
standard solution of picrocar-
minate of ammonia.

Hemochyle [hem'-o-kll \[alfia,
blood; xv^Qi juice]. The
blood-lymph of vertebrates.

Hemocrystallin [hem-o-kris' '-
tiil-in). See Hemoglobin.

Hemocyanin (hem-o-si'-an-in )
[alfia, blood; icvavoc, blue],

C«7H13«lN2MCuS A.W . (Grif"

fiths). A blue proteid pig-
ment, having a very constant
percentage composition. It
is analogous to hemoglobin,
but contains copper instead

The instrument of (lowers, illustrated below, and that

of 1 noma are those most frequently employed.
Hemocytotrypsis [hem-o-si-to-trip,-sis) [alfia, blood;

irfrroc, cell ; rpijieiv, to rub]. The breaking up of

blood corpuscles under strong pressure.
Hemodiapedesis [kem-o-di-ap-ed-e'-si i [alfia, bl

SiairfSjioig, an oozing through]. The transudation of

blood through the skin.
Hemodromograph 1 ium-o-dro' -mo-graf). Same as

Hemotachom
Hemodromometer [hem-o-dro-mom'-et-er). See Hema-

dromometer.
Hemodynamometer [hem-o-di-nam-om'-et-er). See

Hemadynamometer.
Hemogallol \hem-o-gal' -ol) [alfia, blood; .:;<///<7, gall- .

nut]. A proprietary substance occurring as a brownish-
powder, and formed by oxidizing the hemoglobin

of the blood bj pyrogallol. It is used in anemia in

doses of gr. iss viiss. Unof.
Hemogastric [hem-o-gas/ -trik) [<upa, blood; yaarfja,

stomach]. Pertaining to blood in the stomach.
Hemogenesis [hem-o-jen' '-ei ta, blood; yiveaic,

generation]. The formation of blood.
Hemogenic (kem-o-jen' '-ik\ [alfia, blood ; yiveatg, gen-
eration]. Pertaining to the formation of blood; blood-
producing.

Gowers' Hemocytometer.

Pipet for measuring the diluted solution. B. Capillary tube for measuring the blood.
C. Cell with divisions on the floor, mounted on a slide. D Vessel in which the dilution
is made. E. Glass stirrer. F. Guarded spear-pointed needle.

of iron, and forms the
chief constituent in the blood of many invertebrates,
in which it acts as the carrier of oxygen.

Hemocyne Uiem'-o-sin) [alfia, blood; kvcjv, m
dog]. The serum of dogs' blood.

Hemocyte(^v«'-,i-.r;/i[»///H,lil(ioil : m roc,acell]. One of
the protistan organisms found in the blood of man and
animals, e.g. , the parasite of malarial fever, as -tudied
by Lavaran, Celli, Machiafava, Golgi, Councilman,
Osier, and Pfeiffer. See Parasit Animal) Table of.

Hemocytolysis [hem-o-si-tol' '-is-is) [alfia, blood ; ici ro< .
cell; Xveiv, to unloose]. The dissolution of blood-
corpuscles by means of heat.

Hemocytometer [hem-o-si-tom' '-et-er) [alfia, blood ;
id'Toc, a cell; fiirpov, a measure]. A device for
estimating the number of corpuscles in the blood.

Hemoglobin [hem-o-gl</ -bin) [alfia, blood ; globus, a
round body]. I Ieniatoglobin, Hemocrystallin. A
doubly-refractive, pleochromatic colloid or crystalline
matter, existing in the corpuscles of the blood, and to
which their red color i- due. In man the amount is
13.77 Per cent., in woman 12.59 per cent., reduced
by pregnancy to from o to 12 per cent. It is an oxygen-
carrier or respiratory pigment. The crystals of hemo-
globin have a dark- red appearance with a strong
purple or bluish tint; they are very soluble in water.

Hemoglobinemia {hem-o-glo-bin-e/ -me-ah) [alfia,
blood; globus, around body; ama, blood]. A con-
dition in which the hemoglobin is dissolved out of the
red corpuscles, probably as the result of the destruc-
tion of the latter, and is held in solution in the serum
The blood is " lake "-colored. It occurs in some in-

HI M< '-I ■ >BINI1 i

i substan

loglobiniferous

loha

1 he j

H

■ ■

nemo-

H

: KR.

B. Capillary pipet. C.
ning standard dilu-
;>< ihe fii

ilution of blood of
nown valuation,
emoglobinuna \a\fia, blood ;

.urine]. The presence of
■ f the blood,
ilution out of the
•urn of the red corpus-
:. during eer-
ie burns. It
of the corpuscular ele-
thus differing from
Hemoglobin Test Isam-

: and boil ; a red coagulum
Test. Hem in,
H., Epidemic, .1 condition of the new-

symp-
H. Intermittent. >>■<■//.. mal. H.,

/'■:\ by rei urring peri-
1

H.. Toxic, that

LlioUS

H

-].

■ mbling, blood.

e].

. yel-

i I • 'HI CM ;

Hemoglobul

Hem.;!

Her:

.olymph

lllMi > 1 * 1 1 II I ISIS

.,1" glands which, according to W. V. Robertson, are a
kind ol 1 ross 1" tween the hemogenic glands (e.g. the
spleen) and the lymphatic glands. The small prever-
tebral glands are examples.

Hemolysis {hem-ol'-ii I [aifia, blood; \batg, solution].
1 testruction or breaking up of the red blood-corpuscles.

Hemolytic [hem-o-lif -ik) [<;)//<;, blood; Xvotg, » ilu
tion]. Pertaining to hemolysis.

Hemometer [hem-om/ -et-er\ [al/ta, blood; uirpov,
measure]. See Hemoglobinometer. Also, an appa-

lympha,

1 than the
H. Glands, a variety

Fleischl's Hemometer.
K. Red-colored wedge of glass moved by R. G. Mixing ves-
sel with two compartments a and a'. M. Table with opening
to read off the percentage of hemoglobin on the scale P. T.
To move K through K. S. Reflector of Plaster-of-Paris.

ratus for ascertaining the amount of hemoglobin in
normal or diseased blood.
Hemometra [hem-o-me'-traK). See Hematometra.
Hemoophoritis \h<-m-o-off-or-i'-tii) \_nifta, blood ; ciov,
egg ; ipipeiv, to bear]. Oophoritis with hemorrhage.
Hemopericardium [hcm-o-pcr-ik-ar'-de-wii) [alfia,
blood; Tvepi, around; KapS'ta, the heart]. An effu-
n of blood into the pericardial cavity. It is due
usually to the bursting of an aneurysm of the aorta,
but may also follow rupture of the heart, or the burst-
ing of an aneurysm of one of the coronary arteries.
Hemophagic (hem-o-faj' '-ik) \_ai\ia, blood; tyayziv, 1 1
]. Feeding upon blood ; applied to certain animal
parasites.
Hemophagocyte [hem o-faff-o-sit) [aiua, blood ; ipayecv,
to eat; (ri rof, a cell]. Any phagocyte of the blood ;
a white blood-corpuscle.
Hemophilia [hem-o-fiV '-e-ah) [at/ia, blood; otVnv, to
love]. The hemorrhagic diathesis ; an abnormal ten-
tii \ to hemorrhage, 01 ease of bleeding. It usually
first ap] about the period of the second denti-

tion, and is mosl frequent among males. Heredity
play-, a prominent part in this affection.
Hemophthalmia [hem-off-thal* -me-ah) [ahw, blood;
'/'"ic, eye]. A hemorrhage into the interior ol
the eye. It maj arise from contusion, from iridec
tomy, or by rupture of a vessel
Hemophthalmos [hem-off-thal' -mos) [<>/</«, blood;
''><■'<*', the eve], blood in the vitreous chamber
aracterized by a reddish reflex from the pupil.
Hemophthisis (/irin-off'/-//iis-is) [ii'iua, blood ; tpdioig,
>ting]. Anemia dependent upon undue degenera-
tion ol the red blood-corpuscles.

HKMOPKASMODIUM

:,.-.7

UK MP

Hemoplasmodium [hem-o-plaz-mo/ -de urn) [cufia,
blood ; ~'/<it7/M, a moulded figure ; eWec, form]. The
Plasmodium of malaria. See Parasites [Animal),

Table of.

Hemoplastic [hem-o-plas/-tik) [«///«, blood ; n'/aaaeiv,
to form]. Same as // matoplasiic.

Hemopneumothorax [hem-o nu-mo-tho'-raks) [al/ia,
blood; nvev/ia, wind; dfapat-, the chest]. An effu-
sion of air and blood within the pleura.

Hemopoiesis (hem-o-poi-eS-sis). See Hematopoiesis.

Hemoptysis [hem-op' -tis-is) [al/ua, bl I; -ri:n\ to

spit]. The spitting of blood. The term is confined
usually to the expectoration of blood from the lungs.
It may be slight or profuse, and death may result from
suffocation. The blood is frothy and bright-red. H.,
Parasitic. See Distoma ringt ri.

Hemorhodin [hem-or-or -din) [al/oz, blood ; f>6Sov, a
rose]. A rose colored albuminoid found in the blood
of Aplysia depilans ; it was discovered by L. Cuenot.

Hemorrhage [hem'-or-Oj) [aifia, blood ; prfyvvvai, to
burst forth]. The (lowing of blood from wounded or
ruptured vessels. H., Accidental, during pregnancy
from premature detachment of the placenta when
normally situated. H., Capillary, oozing of blood
from a wound without a flow from large vessels. H.,
Collateral, bleeding occurring in the course of acute
inflammations. H., Complementary, succeeding up-
on another hemorrhage that has been cut short. H.,
Concealed, a variety of accidental hemorrhage in
which the bleeding takes place between the ovum and
the uterine walls, without escape from the genital tract.
H., Consecutive, ensuing some time after injury.
H , Critical, occurring at the turning-point of a dis-
ease. H., Petechial. See Purpura. H., Post-
partum, primary, within 24 hours after labor ; second-
ary, after 24 hours. H., Primary, that immediately
following any traumatism. H., Secondary, that oc-
curring some time after the traumatism, and usually
due to the sloughing of the tissues. H., Unavoidable,
from detachment of a placenta previa. H., Vicarious,
suppression of the menses with abnormal discharge of
blood from some other part of the body than the vagina.

Hemorrhagic (Jiem-or-a'-jik) [a\ua, blood ; pijyvvvai,
to burst forth]. Relating to or accompanied by
hemorrhage H. Diathesis. See Hemophilia. H.
Endometritis. See Endometritis. H. Infarct.
See Infarct. H. Pneumonia, a form of pneumonia
occurring in elderly people and in certain weakened
states of the constitution, characterized by the pres
ence of a large amount of blood in the expectoration.

Hemorrhaphilia [hem-or-af-il' '-e-ah) \aifioppayia, hem-
orrhage ; o/Zoc, loving]. Synonym of Hemophilia.

Hemorrhea (hem-or-e'-ah) \_a\fia, blood; poia, a flow].
A hemorrhage; a flow of blood. H. ventriculi.
See Hematemesis.

Hemorrhelcosis [hem-or-el-ko* '-sis) [ahio'ppoiq, a hemor-
rhoid ; f'/Kuoir, ulceration]. The formation of an
ulcer upon a hemorrhoid.

Hemorrhinia [hem-or-in' ' -e-ah)\aifia, blood ; pig, nose].
Kpistaxis; nose-bleed.

Hemorrhoid \hemf -or-oid) [alfidppoor, flowing with
blood]. Pile. An enlarged and varicose condition of
the vessels in the tissues around the anus, sometimes
associated with eversion of the rectal mucous mem-
brane. There is always more or less pain and tender-
ik :ss, with discomfort in sitting. Hemorrhoids are
caused by sedentary habits, constipation, obstruction
to the portal circulation, or violent purging. H.,
External, situated without the sphincter ani. H.,
Internal, within the anal orifice.

Hemorrhoidal [hem-or-oi' '-dal) [alfi6ppoog, flowing with
blood]. Pertaining to or affected with hemorrhoid-.

Hemoscope [hem'-o-skdp). Same as Ilematoscope.

Hemosialemesis [hem-o-si-al-emf -es-is) [aJ//a, blood;
oiaMv, saliva; ifiieiv, to vomit]. A form of vomit-
ing sometimes observed in hysterical women with
dysmenorrhea, the vomited matti >ting larj

ot saliva and a small quantity of blood, in additii 1
the ordinary contents oi the stomal h.

Hemosiderin [hem-o-sid* -er-in) [al/ia, blood;

iron]. Neumann's name for a pigment often found
in extravasations and thrombi with hematoidin, but
dill' ring from the latter in containing iron.

Hemospasia [hem-o-spa/-ze-ah) \a\fia, blood; anaeiv,
to draw]. The drawing of blood to a part ; derivative
action ; the process of dry cupping, especially when
thoroughly carried out.

Hemospastic [hem-o-spas/-tik) [ai/ia, blood; an
to draw]. Effecting or pertaining to hemospasia.

Hemostasia, or Hemostasis Uiem-o-sta1 '-se-ah , or
kem-os' '-tas-is) [ai/ia, blood ; araaic, a -landing]. 1.
Stagnation of the blood-current. 2. Arrest of a
of blood.

Hemostatic [hem-o-stat' -ik) \aifia, blood; rc -
stationary]. Having the power to arrest hemorrhage.
Also, an agent or remedy that arrests or restrains bleed-
it v.

Hemostatics [hem-o-staf '-iks). See Hemostatics.

Hemotachometer [kem-o-tak-om* -et-er) ['una, blood;
rii \nr, swiftness; jiirpov, a measure]. An instrument
for measuring the rate of flow of arterial blood.

Hemotexis [kem-o-teks' -is) [aipa, blood ; -',-»-, a melt-
ing]. The dissolution of putrid blood.

Hemothorax (fiem-o-tho' -raks) \_a\fia, blood ;

the chest]. An accumulation of blood in a pleural
cavity. It may occur under many varied conditions.

Hemotrophy [hem-ot'-ro-fe) [al/ia, blood; rpo<pq,
nourishment]. Synonym of Plethora, q. v.

Hemp [ME., hemp, hemp]. The hemp-fiber is the pro-
duct of the Cannabis sativa, which is grown for textile
purposes chiefly in Russia and Italy, while the seed is
grown in India. It is a bast-fiber similar to that of
the flax-plant, but coarser and stronger, and of deeper
color, and less luster. It is used chiefly for the manu-
facture of ropes and cordage, and the fabric woven from
it, known as canvas, is used in sail making. Hemp is
a mixture of cellulose and bastose. H., Manila, is a
tropical fiber obtained on the Philippine Islands from
the leaves of the wild plantain. It furnishes a very
superior rope-making fiber, because of its combined
lightness and strength, and the liner grades are used
for woven goods. The color is yellowish or white,
and the white variety has a fine silky luster. H.,
Suron, is grown in India, and furnishes a liber of
light-yellowish color. It resembles jute, although less
lustrous. It is well adapted for cordage and netting.
H., Sisal (or henequen), is derived from the fleshy
leaves of a species of agave grown in Yucatan and
the West Indies. It is used largely in the L'nited
States as a substitute for jute in the manufacture of
bagging and for cordage, being stronger and lighter
than jute. See also Cannabis. H. -nettle.

Galeopsis. H.-seed Calculus, a small rounded
urinary concretion composed of oxalate of lime. It
may vary in size from a pin"s head to that of a hemp-
seed, and is smooth and dark -colored. H.-seed
Oil, oleum cannabi-. i- obtained from the seeds of
the Cannabis sativa or common hemp. It has a
mild odor, but mawkish taste, and greenish-yellow
color, turning brown with age. Its specific gravity
at 150 C. is .9276. It is freely soluble in boiling
alcohol, has weaker drying properties than linseed
oil, but is used in paint and varnish manufacture and
in making soft soaps.

HI Mt Rl

HKI'A rOCYSTIC

Hemurcsis

Hen Ml domestic

11 -bane - H. -blindness,

H. -cluck
St, . in some

Hcnequc:

H.'s Canals.

H.'s
tratedmera-

| H.'s

ial, non nui

iil. i ami the

lib. H.'s Loop, a

, nnlferi.

H H.'s Sheath,

irrounding terminal
ii Tubular Tumor. Sec Siphon-

He:v..i . henna]. A cosmetic

1 from thi

eternally and
int I nof.

. . i me ; /><.'
ut one auric!
lormal in some of the

Henoch s Purpura.

jgenesi- , one; yivtaig,

•mental history of an

Henosis . uniting], i. Healing or

m 'ii.
Hen ■.., ic]. Tending to

Henry's Law.

Hensen's Disc. anh' s Middle Disc. H.'s

tperiment, iving that the so-called

vibrate to a

H.'s Prop-cells. Sec H.'s Support-

H.'s Stripe, a glistening band in the mid-

ie membrana tectoria of

H.'s Supporting Cells, tall columnar epi-

of the outermost of

Hepar Hepatis\ The

H. adiposum, a synonym of fatty liver.

H. amyloideum, amylo aeration of the liver.

H. sulphuris, the liver of sulphur; potassium sul-

I in m dicine ; now

He[ 01 . pain].

ia.ll) the paroxysmal
londrium.
Hepatalgic ie liver .

i with hepatal
He; ;:,.> ,_ ]jvt.r .

•'■/ ]. An abscess
Hepatauxes:

uf?, a
liver, wholly or in

Hepatemphractic ., liver;

mphraxis.
p, liver

athelcoi

HePalic liver]. Pertain-

ing or belonging t>> the liver. H. Aloes. See Aloes,
H. Duct. See Duct. H. Lobes, the natural an-
atomic divisions of the liver, usually designated as
right, left, quadrate, spigelian, and caudate lobes. H.
Plexus. See /' rus. H. Zones, certain areas in
an hepatic lobule. The central area, capillaries and
cells form the Hepatic-vein Zone, specially liable to
gestive changes ; the area next the periphery of the
lobule is the Portal-vein Zone : and the area between
the two the Hepatic-artery Zone. H. Starch, a
-\ in ui\ in of Glycogen.

Hepatica [hep-at* -ik-afi) \rjKariK6g ; i,~>ip, liver]. The
liverwort; a genus ol ranunculaceous plants. H.
triloba and H. acutiloba were formerly esteemed in
hepatic, renal, and pulmonic complaints. Unof.

Hepaticell {hep-atf -is-el) [yirarucdc ; fjizap, liver; cella,
cell]. An hepatic or liver cell; a cell of the liver
tissue.

Hepatico-ductitis {kep-af ' -ik-o-duk-ti' '-tis) [tyrarucdg,
rtaining to the liver; ductus, duct; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the hepatic duets.

Hepatic o-pancreatic (hep-at'-ik-o-pan-kre-af-ik)
[fiwaTiK6g, pertaining to the liver; Kaynpeag, sweet-
bread]. Relating to the liver and the pancreas.

Hepaticous [hep-atf -ik-us) [f/Kanicdg, of the liver].
In biology, resembling liver.

Hepaticula Uiep-at-ik' '-u-lah) \t]Kap, liver], i. A small
liver. 2. A slight degree of hepatitis.

Hepatin [hep,-at-in) [//~«/>, liver]. Same as Glycogen.

Hepatirrhagla (hep-at-ir-a* -je-an)\yinap, liver; />//; vi
in burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the liver.

Hepatirrhea (nep-at-ir-e'-ak). See Hepatorrhea.

Hepatism \hep' '-at-izni) [yirap, liver]. Derangement
of various functions of the body, due or ascribed to
si uiir functional or other disorder of the liver.

Hepatitic [hep-at-if -ik) \Jj-ap, liver; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Affected with, or relating to, hepatitis.

Hepatitis [hep-at-i' '-tis) [r/-ap, liver; irtg, inflamma-
tion.] Inflammation of the liver. H. chronica in-
terstitialis, cirrhosis of the liver. H., Parenchy-
matous, Acute, acute yellow atrophy of the liver.
H. suppurativa, abscess of the liver.

Hepatitopyitis (kep-at-it-o-pi-i'-tis) [rjirap, liver ; irvov,
pus; trig, inflammation]. Hepatitis characterized by
the formation of abscesses.

Hepatization [kep-at-iz-a/-shun) [jjirap, liver]. An
abnormal change in lung-tissue, in which it becomes
solid and friable, somewhat resembling the tissue of the
liver. H., Gray, the condition of a lung in the third
stage of pneumonia. H., Red, that in the second
stage of pneumonia. H., White, the condition of
the lungs in stillborn syphilitic children. H., Yellow,
the condition of the lung in the third stage of pneu-
monia when tinted by the presence of numerous pus-
cells. See Pneumonia.

Hepatocace [hep-at-ok'-as-e) \jfxap, liver; nandc, ill].
< rangrene of the liver.

Hepatocarcinia (hep-at-o-kar-sin' '-e-aft) [i/-np, liver;
, cancer]. Malignant disease of the liver.

Hepatocele [hepf -at-o-sil) \_ij-itp, liver ; /.///'/, a tunii a |.
A form of hernia in which the liver protrudes through
an opening in the abdominal wall,

Hepatochromate [hep-at-o-kro1 '-mat) [$irap (fyrar-),
the liver; xpufm, a color]. Krukenberg's name for
Enterochlorophyl.

Hepatocirrhosis [hep-at-o-sir-of -sis) [nirap, liver;
yellow]. Cirrhosis of the liver.

Hepatocolic (kep-at-o-kol'-ik) [//Tap, liver; ku>\ov,
on]. Relating to the liver and the colon.

Hepatocystic [Aep-at-o-siV-tii) [fjirap, liver; Kvorig,
bladder]. Pertaining to the liver and the gall-
bladder.

HEPAT()im>YMOUS

;,:,!»

HERAPATH'S Mil linn

Hepatodidymous (hep-at-o-did'-im-us) [ijirap, the
liver; iVifivuoc, double] A monster with a double
body from the liver up.

Hepatoduodenal [hep-at-o-du od' en al) \iprap, liver;
duodeni, twelve each]. Relating to the liver and the
duodenum.

Hepatodynia {hep-at-o-dinf -e-ah) [jjirap, liver; bSi
pain]. Pain in the liver.

Hepatogastric [hep-at-o-gas' '-trik) [ijirap, liver ; yaorf/p,
stomach]. Pertaining to the liver and the -tomach.

Hepatogastritis [hep at-o-gas-tri' '-lis) \fjirap, liver;
yaoriip, stomach; irir, inflammationl . Inflammation
of both liver and stomach.

Hepatogenic {kep-at-o-jen'-ik') [yirap, liver; yewav, to
beget]. Produced by or in the liver. H. Icterus,
also called absorption-icterus or jaundice, is caused by
the absorption of bile already formed in the liver.

Hepatography [hep-at-og1 '-ra-fe) [ynap, liver; ypa
to write]. A description of the liver.

Hepatoid {hep* -at-oid) [fjirap, liver; eldoQ, likeness].
Resembling a liver or liver-substance.

Hepatolith [Jicp'-at ■o-lith) [_/j~np, liver; Vtdoq, stone].
Biliary calculus ; gall-stone.

Hepatolithiasis {Aep-at-o-litk-i'-as-is) [fjwap, liver;
/iH/aair, presence of calculus]. A disease character-
ized by gall-stones or concretions in the liver.

Hepatolithic [hep-at-o-lith' -ik) \jjizap, liver; 'Aidoc, a
stone]. Affected with biliary calculi.

Hepatology [hep-at-ol'o-je) [frap, liver; Myoc,
science]. The science of the nature, structure, func-
tions, and diseases of the liver.

Hepatomalacia [kep-at-o-mal-a' 'se-afi) [mrap, liver ;
fiakania, softness]. Softening of the liver.

Hepatomegalia {kep-at-o-meg-a'-le-aft) \_>)-up, liver ;
jityac:, large]. Auxesis of the liver.

Hepatomyeloma [hep-at-o-mi-el-</ -mah\ [r/-ap, liver ;
pvs'/.og, marrow ; ouo, a tumor: pi. HepatomyelomatdX.
Medullary carcinoma of the liver.

Hepatoncus [hep-at-ong1 '-kus) [r/irap, liver; oynoc, a
tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the liver.

Hepatonecrosis [hep-'at-o-ne-kro' 'sis) [ijirap, liver;
vkKpuaiQ, death]. Gangrene of the liver.

Hepatopancreas [hep-at-o-pan' '-kre-as) \Ji~ap, the liver;
-in.Kpmg, the pancreas: //. Hepatopancreates~\. In
biology, a glandular organ of many invertebrates which
exercises a digestive action upon starch and albumin,
and at the same time secretes matters similar to those
found in the bile of vertebrates.

Hepatopathy {hep-at-op' ' -ath-e)\ijitap, liver; -dOnr, dis-
ease]. Any hepatic disease or disorder.

Hepatoperitonitis {hep-at-o-per-iton-i' -tis) [fjizap, liver;
rrepi-ovaiov, peritoneum ; trie, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the peritoneal or serous coat of the liver.

Hepatopexia, or Hepatopexy {hep-at-o-peks'-e-ah,
hcpf-at-o-peks-e) [rjirap, liver; irf^tg, fixation]. The
suturing of a floating liver in its proper position.

Hepatophage [hepf -at-o-faj) [fjitap, liver; fyayzlv, to
eat]. A giant cell of a type peculiar to the liver; it
is said to absorb and to destroy liver cells.

Hepatophyma [hep-at-o-fi' -maft) [ijirap, liver ; ipv/ia,
growth]. Any tumor of the liver.

Hepato-portal [hep-at-o-por'-tal) [rjirap, liver; porta,
a gate]. Relating to the portal circulation in the liver ;
portal as distinguished from reniportal.

Hepatoptosis [hep-at-op-to' -sis) [ijirap, liver; irrcocjtc, a
falling]. Synonym of Floating Liver, q. v.

Hepatorrhagia [hep-at-or-a* -je-ah) . Same as Hepatir-
rhagia.

Hepatorrhaphy {hep-at-or* -a-fe) [ijirap, liver ; pair/,
suture]. Suture of the liver.

Hepatorrhea [kep at-or-e' -ah) [ijirap, liver ; poia, flow].
Morbid or excessive secretion of bile by the liver.

Hepatorrhexis {hepat-or-eks'-is) [ij-np, liver; 'prj$iq, a
rupture]. Rupture of the liver.

Hepatoscirrhus [hep-at-o-skir' -tis) [rjirap, liver ; otcip-
pog, an induration]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the liver.

Hepatoscopy (hep-at-os' '-ko-p [ijirap, liver ; okoi
to examine |. \ isual examination oi the liver.

Hepato-splenitis [hep-at-o-splen-i' -ti | ip, liver;
ir.' inflammation]. Inflammation of

bi >tli liver and spleen.

Hepatotomy [hep-at-ot' -o-me) [/)-«/;, liver; reuveiv, to
cut]. Incision of the liver.

Hephestic [hef-es' '-tik) \_Hephce fu , Vulcan]. Prevail-
ing or (hi lining among hammi rmen. H. Cramp.
Hammermen's Cramp. H. Hemiplegia. See Hemi-
plegia.

Heptacosane [hep* ' -tak-o-s&ri) [iirra, seven], < ' ._ 1 1 _,_
A hydrocarbon contain* d in be< -wax.

Heptad (hep'-tad) [iirra, seven]. In chemistry, an
atom whose equivalence is seven atoms of hydro]
or that can be combined with, substituted for, or re-
placed by, seven atoms of hydrogen.

Heptagynian (//,/ in). See H us.

Heptagynious Qiep-taj-in' '-e-us). See Heptagynous.

Heptagynous [hep-taj1 -in-us) [kirra, seven;
female]. In biology, having -even pi-til- ur styles.

Heptamerous {hep-tamf -er-tis) [iirra, seven ; uipoc, a
part]. In biology, consisting of seven parts; having
the organs in sevens.

Heptandrous [kep-tan/-drus') [iirra, seven ; avr/p, man].
In biology, having seven stamens.

Heptane i hep'-tan \ [cjrrd, seven], C7H16. A paraffin
existing as a mobile, colorless liquid. It i-- contained
in petroleum, and is also obtained from the resin of
Pinus sabiniana by dry distillation. It is also called
abieteue, theolin, erasene, and aurantin. See Hydro-
carbons, J able of.

Heptapetalous [hep-tah-petf -al-us) [iirrd, seven;
Trim'/ in*, a leaf]. In biology, having seven petals.

Heptaphyllous [hep-tah-fiP '-us) [iirra, seven ; oc'/'/ov,
a leaf]. In biology, having seven leaves.

Heptatomic [hep-tat-om' -ik) [irrrd, seven ; aro/wc, an
atom]. .Same as Heptavalent, a. v.

Heptavalent (hep-tav-a'-lent) [iirrd, seven; valens,
having power]. In chemistry, equal to seven atoms
of hydrogen in combining or saturating-power ; ap-
plied to an atom that can be substituted for, or re-
placed by, seven atoms of hydrogen.

Heptolactone [hcp-to-lak'-ton) [e-ra, seven; lac,
milk], C7H]Z02. A substance formed from teracrylic
acid by reducing with hydrobromic acid. It melts at
n° C. , and boils at 2200 C.

Heptoses [hep-tos' -i£) \_e~rd, seven]. A division of
the glucoses, of the composition C7HuO-. They are
prepared by reducing the corresponding heptonic
acids, C7HM08 (their lactones), with sodium amalgam.
They have similar properties to the hexoses, and arc-
not fermented by yeast. See Carbohydrates, Tabic of

Heracleum [her-ak-le* -uni) ['Hpcucfetor, Hercules]. A
genus of umbelliferous plants, the cow par-nips.
Several species, especialh H. lanatum. in North
America, and H. tauricum. in Europe, are diuretic
and expectorant, and the roots and seeds are recom-
mended for use in epilepsy Unof.

Herapath's Method. A method for determining the
presence of minute quantities of quinin. For a test-fluid
use —

Metric. Apoth.

Glacial acetic acid 12 c.c. (3.24 f 5).

Ninety-five percent, alcohol, . . . 4 c.c. (1.08 f3).
Dilute sulphuric acid, 7 drops.

A drop of this is put on the slide, and a very minute
amount of the quinin-containing substance added.

\r.\i in 1 r

HERMAPHRODITE

I

\\ ' an

al tlu'

mnd

ular
. which,
the fluid aw

spot,
[uinin
I'lii- tesl

thite

linin-sul] cur-

.1- a

u - ; in micros
lit.

An annual, bien-

which contains

the ground at the

H. -doctor. See Herbalist.

\\ - juice Cure.

ius rass]. In biology:

( us that have a

it the close ol the
in herbs.

An old name tor a
ting a book on the

Herbah>t .grass]. An herb-doc-

itanic phy»irian.
Herbarium . grass]. A col-

. lor study ; a horttts

Herbicarnivorous •■ r-us) \kerba,hexb-

eat]. < Jmnivorous ;
i animal and vegetable food.
Herbivora •. grass; vorare, to

a division of mammalia.

Herbivorous r, grass; vorare,

term applied to animals
ition.

Herbst's Corpuscles. A vai nsory end-organs

\- mgue of '.he
mall \ ater's corpuscles, but

closer to each other, while
r within the central core is bordered
nuclei.
Hercogamy a fence; >"» ,

prevention of impregna
-tructural obstacle ;

:uleus morbus ' us mor'-bus) [I..].

luir]. Acquired
H. Disease. insmitted from

H. Parts -ruinate.

H Syphilis

Her 'lily]. The

ission of physical or

pring.

Theory of Heredity, or the Hypothesis

I Ol the -

if Els-
ol repro-
included in and i

luce all of the
i. Weissmann's
ry of the Continuity or " Immortality " of
Gr «w'jpro]

from the
■iti.d

the germ-substance of another generation, by the

ollary that tlu- whole nature of the animal or plant
depends upon its germinal substance, and that the
resemblance of the offspring to the parent is due to
m gonoblasl containing some germinal matter.
ording t" Nussbaum and Weissmann the cells of
the embryo are separated into two kinds: (i) The
m-cells, which become the sexual elements; (2)
I he somatic cells or body-cells, used as building material
a m) of the individual. KSlliker and others
have demonstrated that no sharp distinction 1 \ists be-
tween germ cells and xnnatic cells, so that speculations
basedonsuch assumed difference necessarily fall to the
ground. Naegele's Theory of Idioplasm and Nutri-
tive Plasma, is a definite theoryof germinal continu-
ity ; he assumes the formative force to reside in a specific
material substratum, i. c, idioplasm — essentially iden-
tical with Weissmann's germ-plasma. Minot as-
sumes idioplasm to be the nuclear substance, chro-
matin, the essential factor in the function of heredity,
and the nucleus, therefore, the organ of hereditary
transmission. De Vries' Theory of Intracellular
Pangenesis, suggests that the nuclear substance of
the germ plasm is composed of minute particles, Pan-
genes, not cells, but the bearers of the properties of
the cells. There are also in the nucleus Nuclear
Rods, called aUo Idants, and Chromatin Rods, which
are built up of a series of ancestral plasms, called Ids,
each representing "an individuality." The doubling
and multiplication of these idants prior to fertilization
is in the interest of variety, or variation of form and
character of the subsequent individual. This theory
claims tin- same independence for all constituent parts
of the cell-body as Weissmann claimed for those of
the nucleus. The entire cell is called the Protoplast,
and its various living, independent parts are called
Pangenes. The cell is thus likened to a compound
organism or colony.

Hering's Experiment. A delicate test of stereoscopic
vision in which the perception of degrees of depth is
tested by means of falling bodies, seen through a long
lube. H.'s Theory. See Color-sensation.

Hermann's Difference-theory. See Difference. H.'s
Theory, a theory as to the causation of muscular con-
traction ; he claims that the formation of carbonic
anhydrid on contraction is not simply due to oxida-
tion, but rather to the decomposition of inogen, with
the formation of certain simpler products, of which
carbonic anhydrid is one, and sarcolactic acid and
myosin the others.

Hermaphrodism, or Hermaphroditism (hor-maf-
ro-dizm, h'r-maf '-ro-dit-izm) ['Epuf/<_;, Mercury ;
\.<ppo(YtTTi , Venus]. The co-existence in a single in-
dividual of completely developed ovaries and testicles,
or of at least one of each gland. H., Bilateral, an
ovary and a testicle on each side. H., Complex, a
rare instance of hermaphrodism in which there are pres-
ent both the internal and external organs of either sex.
H., Double. Same as //. , Complex. H., Lateral,
an instance in which male organs (especially a testicle)
are more or less developed on one side, and female
organs (especially an ovary) on the opposite side.
H., Protandrous, applied to the phenomenon as ex
hibited by most hermaphrodite platode worms, of
developing the male sexual products before the female.
H., Spurious, doubtful, but not double, sex. H ,
Transverse, an instance in which the external organs
indicate the one sex, and the internal the opposite.
H., Unilateral, on one side an ovary and a testicle,
on tie other an ovary or a testicle. H., Vertical.
Same as //. , Complex.

Hermaphrodite (her-maf '-ro-dlt) ['K/n///(, Mercury;

lll.KMAI'lIkoDII IC

561

I IKK MA

'Ap/xiAirr/. Venus]. An individual affected with ber-
maphrodism, q.v. ; usually the condition i> ilue to
some congenital malformation of the genital organs,
such as epispadias, hypospadias, cleft oi the scrotum,
etc., that makes the determination oi omewhat

doubtful. Foi \.mcties, see Hermaphrodism.

Hermaphroditic (ker-maf-ro-dit'-ik) ['Ep/ayc, Mi n urj ;
'AQpooirti, Venus"]. Pertaining to hermaphroditism,
//. v. See also Teratism.

Hermaphroditism [ker-maf-ro-dit-izm). Same as
II, i tnaph > i >dism .

Hermetic, Hermetical [Aer-mef '-ik, her-met' -ik-al\
yv.jini, , the god Mercury, the reputed rounder of al-
chemy!. Pertaining to chemistry. Also, having resist
ance to chemic action. Also, protected from exposure
to air. H. Medicine, alchemistic or spagyrii |
H. Sealing, the closure of an outlet by cementation <>r
fusion, so that it is impervious to air. Also, the
closing or covering of a wound by impervious dress-
ings.

Hermodactyl [her-mo-dak' -HI) ['K/"/y ', Mercury ;
SaxrvT^oq, linger]. The root or bulb of Colchicum
variegatum, or C. autumnale ; also of Iris tuberosa.
It was formerly prized in medicine, but is now little
used, except in India. (Jnof.

Hernia {her'-ne-ah) \hemia, from . sprout]. A

tumor formed by the protrusion of the contents of a
cavity (usually the abdominal) through its wall. Her-
nias may be called after their locality, Epigastric,
Femoral, Inguinal, Perineal, Scrotal, Umbilical, etc. ;
according to their condition. Encysted, Reducible,
Strangulated, Purulent, etc. ; according to their con-
tents, Cerebral, Intestinal, Omental, Vesical, etc. ;
or, lastly, according to their origin. Acquired. Con-
genital, Infantile, etc. H., Abdominal, a protrusion
of a portion of the abdominal viscera through some
portion of the parietes. H., Beclard's, a hernia
through the saphenous opening. H., Birkett's, a
hernia of the synovial membrane of a joint, following
laceration of the capsular ligament. H. of the
Bladder, the protrusion of a part of the bladder
through one of the openings of the abdominal cavity,
viz. : the femoral ring, or external adominal ring ; or
it may form part of a ventral hernia after celiotomy or
injury, or it may take place through an opening in the
floor of the pelvis ; the term was also formerly applied
to cystocele, q. v. H. of Brain. See Fungus cerebri.
H., Bruggiser's. Same as //. , Preperitoneal. H.,
Bursal. Same as //. , Birketf s. H. carnosa.
Synonym of Elephantiasis arabum. H., Cecal, a
hernia containing the cecum (with or without other
parts of the bowel). H. cerebri. See Fungus
cerebri. H., Chronic, an old hernia. H. of Cloquet.
See //. , Pectineal-crural and Diseases, Table of. H.,
Complete, a hernia in which the sac and its content-
have passed the hernial orifice. H., Congenital, a
form of indirect inguinal hernia in which the vaginal
process of the peritoneum having remained patulous, the
bowel descends at once into the scrotum, in direct con-
tact with the testicle. See also //. of the Cord. H.,
Cooper's, a variety of femoral hernia with a diver-
ticulum through the superficial fascia. See, also. Dis-
eases, Table of. H. of the Cord, a congenital condition
resulting from arrest of development of the lateral pi;
with persistence of the omphalic duct. If the latter does
not wither away, the fetal intestines are drawn out into
the cord, giving rise to congenital umbilical hernia.
H., Crural. See //., Femoral. H., Cruro-pro-
peritoneal, a variety in which an additional sac exists
between the peritoneum and abdominal wall, in the
cellular tissue of the pelvis, and at the side of the 1
der. H., Cystic. Same as Cystocele, q. v. H., Dia-
36

phragmatic,a protrusion of a portion of some of the ab-
dominal viscera into the thorax, through . ital
defect in the diaphragm, or through a dilatation
or laceration ol one ol the natural openings. H.,
Direct Inguinal. See //. . Inguinal, Direct. H.,
Dorsal. Synonym of H., Lumbar. H., Encysted
(of Cooper) ; this form occurs when the ventral oril
closes, but the tunica vaginalis remain- patulous,
allowing the hernia to ad within the latter, push-
ing before it the thin septum. H., Epigastric, a

nia in the linea alba, between the ensiform cartilage
and the umbilicus. H., External, one appearing
upon the external surface of the body. H., Femoral,
a protrusion of the abdominal contents through the
femora] canal, the tumor appearing on the upper
inner aspect of the thigh, below Poupart's ligami
H. of the Foramen ovale. See//., Obturator. H.
into the Foramen of Winslow, a lodgment of a
portion oi intestine in the foramen of Win-low. H..
Funicular, a hernia into the umbilical cord. See //..
Infantile. H., Gastric. See Gastrocele. H., Goyrand's
or Gourand's. See //., Inguino-interstitial. H.,
Guttural. Synonym of Goiter. H. of Hesselbach,
a femoral hernia with a diverticulum th Lie cribri-

fonn fascia, the hernia presenting a lobulated appear-
ance. See. a]- ,. , H. of Holthouse.
//., Inguino-crural. H., Humoral Synonym
of Epididymitis, or Swelled Testicle. H., Incar-
cerated, an old irreducible hernia which has become
occluded by the accumulation of gas, feces, or un-
digested food, thus causing obstruction of the bowels.
H., Incomplete, one that has not entirely passed
through the hernial orifice. H., Infantile, that form
of direct inguinal hernia that occurs when the
funicular portion of the vaginal process of peritoneum
has remained patulous. H., Infantile (of Hey).
See //. , Encysted. H., Hey's. See //. , /
H., Infrapubic. Same as //. , Obturator. H.,
Inguinal, a hernia occupying wholly, or in part, the
inguinal canal. H., Inguinal, Direct, a protru
of the abdominal viscera through the parietes at the
site of the external abdominal ring, without hav-
ing traversed the inguinal canal. H., Inguinal,
External. See//., Inguinal, Indirect. H., Inguinal,
Indirect, one in which the protrusion occurs at the
internal ring, and passes along the inguinal canal. H.,
Inguinal, Internal. See //. . Inguinal, Direct. H.,
Inguinal, Oblique. See //. . Inguinal, Indirect.
H.. Inguino-crural, or H. of Holthouse, a variety
of suddenly-developed oblique inguinal hernia, in
which, owing to tin- non-descent of the testicle, or to
other causes, the hernia protrudes outward along the
fold of the groin. H., Inguino-interstitial, an
incomplete inguinal hernia. H., Inguino-labial, a
variety of oblique inguinal hernia in the female, corre-

iding to the inguino-scrotal hernia of the male.
H., Inguino-properitoneal. or H. of Kronlein, a
hernia, with a prolongation of the hernial sac in various
directions, within the abdominal walls. H., Inguino-
scrotal, the common form of oblique inguinal hernia
in 11 middle life. H.. Intermuscular. Same

as //. , Inguino-properitoneal. H., Interparietal.
Same as //. . Inguino-properitoneal. H.. Inveterate.
See H. of Iris, a prolapse of a portion

of the iris after iridectomy, trauma, etc. H., Irreduc-
ible ; a hernia is called irreducible when the protruded
viscera cannot be returned to the abdomen by manipu-
lation, with complete di-appearance of the symptoms.
H., Ischio-rectal. SameasH.,jPerineal. H.,Ischi-
atic, a protrusion of the bowel through the great sacro-
sciatic foramen. H. -knife, a probe-pointed knife for
incising the constriction of a hernial sac. H.' of

HERNIA

nlein. ll

1 '

H. of

H , Lumbar,

HERNIA

At which the fascia i- deficient. H., Obstructed.
//.. /,; H., Obturator, a protrusion

iwel through the obturator foramen. H., Omental,
a hernia containing omentum. This condition is also
called . H. of Ovary, a hernia

including ovary, wholly »r in part. H., Para-
inguinal. Same a- //.. /' neal. H. of
Partridge, a femoral hernia, external to tin- femoral
1>. See, also, Disease /fable of. H., Pectineal-

^

the cord.
Hernia "<•)

An Unstrangulated
Hernia.

^

V

*F^

A

W

x^

. \L HliRNIA.

Bubonn' ele mi right side, but passing through
rnal ring on left.

Direct Inguinal Hernia

•

■

Lui

angle — a

• -iimis

H. of the

H . Mal^aigne's. Sam.:

H . Mesentern ; the

ing in the

:' ill^' to

crural, or H. of Cloquet,a variety in which, after pass-
ing tin- femoral rinij, the hernia turns within and behind
tin- femoral vessels, resting on the pectineus muscle.
H., Perineal, a protrusion of the abdominal content-.
between the fibers of the levator ani muscle, in front

of or to one side of the anus. H., Petit's. Si

as //. , Lumbar. H., Pharyngeal. See Pharyn-

le. H., Phrenic. Same as //. , Diaphragmatic.

H., Pleural. See Pleurocele. H., Preperitoneal,

a hernia occupying a position between the planes of

Li tninal wall, in front of the parietal peritoneum.

H., Pudendal. Sameas //. . Labial. H., Reducible,

that may lie returned or reduced by manipulation.

H., Retroperitoneal ; in this form of hernia the

-mall intestine lodges in the fossa duodeno-jejunalis.

H.. Sciatic. Same as //. , Ischiatic. H., Scrotal,

that form of inguinal hernia in which the protrusion

i i H. of the Spleen. See

Spl H. of the Stomach. Same as Gastrocele.

H., Strangulated; a hernia i- said to lie straniml

when il is so tightly constricted at ii- neck as to inter

with its return, with the circulation of blood, and

th. 11 H., Synovial. See //. , Bir-

/•<•//' H. of Testis, a protrusion of the seminiferous

HERNIAL

563

HETERADELPH1 \

tubules through a fistulous opening following abscess
of the testicle. H. of the Tongue. See G/ossi
H. of the Trachea. Sei H., Thyroid.

See //. , Obturator. H., Umbilical, a protrusion
of the abdominal contents through the umbilicus.
H. of the Uterus. See Hyslerocele. H., Vaginal,
a protrusion of tin- abdominal viscera between the
uterus and rectum, forming a tumor on the vaginal
wall. H.,Velpeau's, a femoral hernia in front of the
femora] vessels. H., Ventral, the name applied to
lii.iiiu~i.iri> of the abdominal contents through the
abdominal walls in situations aol usually subject to
hernia.-; e.g., do) at the abdominal rings or the
umbilicus. H., Vesical. See H. oj th Bladder.

Hernial (her^-ne-al) [hernia, a rupture]. Pertainin
hernia. H. Sac, the diverticulum of the peritoneum
that accompanies a hernia.

Hernio-celiotomy (her' ' -ne-o-se-le-ot' '-o-me) [hernia, a
rupture; Kot/Ua, belly]. Abdominal section for the
relief of hernia.

Hernio-enterotomy (hi >' » o-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [hernia,
a rupture ; bowel; rofa), a cutting]. Herni-

otomy combined with enterotomy.

Hernio-laparotomy [her1 '-ne-o-lap-ar-ot' '-o-me) [hernia,
a rupture; Tuanapa, the flank; Topi], a cutting].
Same a> Hernio-celiotomy.

Herniology [her-ne-oV -o-je) [hernia, hernia; /
science]. That department of surgery which treats of
the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hernia.

Herniopuncture [her-ne-o-punk' '-chur) [hernia, hernia;
punctura.a. pricking]. The puncture of a hernia.

Herniotome [her' -ne-o-tom) [hernia, hernia; rofiog,
cutting]. A hernia-knife.

Herniotomy (her-ne-otf-o-me) [hernia, hernia ; rkpveiv,
to cut]. Operation for the relief of hernia by section
of the constriction.

Heroic (he-ro'-ik) [ijpur, a hero]. Bold or daring;
rash or unusually severe; as heroic treatment or
measures.

Herophilus, Torcular of. See Torcular.

Herpes {her^-pez) [epirqg ; . to creep]. An acute

inflammatory affection, characterized by the develop-
ment of groups of vesicles on a patch of inflamed
skin or mucous membrane. H. catarrhalis, herpetic
fever; a form of herpes accompanying the onset
or crisis of acute febrile disorders, and frequently fol-
lowing a rigor, of which it may be the sole sequel. It
is most common in spring and autumn. Its forms are
//. facialis and II progenitalis. H. circinatus. See
Tinea circinata. H. circinatus bullosus. See Hy-
droa kerpetiforme. H. desquamans. See Tinea im-
bricata. H. esthiomenos. See Lupus. H. facialis,
Herpes labialis; Herpes febrilis ; I Iydroa febrile : an
acute, non-contagious, inflammatory disorder of the
skin that appears in the form of one or more groups of
vesicles. It is commonly ca\\td fever- blisters, [ts usual
seats are the lips, angles of the mouth, and the face,
generally below the forehead. ( >wing to its relation
to digestive derangements the ulcers are often termed
'■'■dyspeptic ulcers.'' H. febrilis. See //. facialis.
H. gestationis. See Hydroa kerpetiforme. H. iris,
a form of erythema in which a vesicle is seated on an
erythematous base. It is usually seen on the backs of
the hands and feet. H. labialis. See //. facialis.
H. miliaris. Synonym of Eczema. H. phlycteno-
des, Willan's name for Herpes zoster occurring else-
where than on the trunk. H. preputialis. See //.
progenitalis. H. progenitalis, Herpes preputialis ; a
form of //. simplex, in which vesicles occur upon the
glans and prepuce, from the size of a pin's head to
that of a small pea. They number from two or three
to a dozen. The condition is most common in males.

H.pysemicus. See Impetigo herpetiformis. H. sim-
plex. A synonym of //. catarrhalis. H. tonsurans.
SeeZi'w i // man.. H. tonsurans maculosus.
Pityria H. zoster, Zo ter; Zona : Shingles :

1 ',»;■ acer ; an acute inflammatory disease oi the skin,
which ■ of groupi on a reddened

ing distributed in relation to the
course of the cutaneous n< rves, and, as a rule, uni-
lateral. 'I'h' \ are usually seen in the course of the
intercostal nerves, but may follow the course of any
nerve. The outbreak of the eruption i.-, usually pre
ceded 1 neuralgic pain. The condition occurs

most frequently in young people and in the autumn
and spring of the year. H. z. ophthalmicus, follow-
ing the course of the ophthalmic nerve.

Herpetic [her-pet' -ik) [epmjc, herpes]. Pertaining to
herpes. H. Bridge. See Bridge. H. Fever.
Herpes catarrhalis. H. Sore-throat. See Tonsil-
itis, Herpetic.

Herpetiform [her-pet1 '-if-orm) [ rpes ; forma,

form]. Having a likeness to herpes.

Herpetism (ker,-pet-izm) [eprniq, herpes]. The her-
petic diathesis ; a constitutional predisposition to her-
pes.

Herpetography ( her-pet og'-ra-fe) . Same as Herpetology.

Herpetoid [her' -pet-oid) [kpirtrdv, a reptile;
likeness]. In biology, resembling a reptile.

Herpetology (her-pel-ol'-o-je) [ipm/g, herpes; >■
treatise]. The science of skin-diseases, especially
those of an herpetic nature.

Herpetology i her-pet-ol' -o-je) [epirerdv, a reptil* ;
to speak]. The classified knowledge of repti

Hertwig's Theory. A theory of immunity founded
upon the chemotactic action of certain chemic sub-
stances. The fact of cardinal importance in this theory
is that negative chemotropism may, under certain con-
ditions, become positive.

Hesperetinic Acid [hes-per-et-in'-ik). See Acid.

Hesperidin [hes-per1 '-id in) [ i._ pog, Hesperus].
C22H ._,,.< ),,_,. A glucosid present in the unripe fruit of
oranges, lemons, etc. It separates from alcohol in
fine needles, and melts at 2510 C.

Hesperidium [hes-per-id' '-e-um) ["Eoirepog, Hesperus (in
allusion to the golden apples of the Hesperides) : //. ,
Hesperidia\ In biology, an orange-like fruit, having
a succulent flesh covered with a leather}' rind ; a va-
riety of berry.

Hesse's Apparatus. An apparatus for air-analysis.

Hesselbach's Hernia. See Hernia, and Diseases, Table
of. H.'s Triangle. See 'Triangles, 'Table of.

Hessian Crucible [hesh'-yan kru'-sib-l). A crucible
made of fine clay and sand, and used for melting gold,
silver, and their alloys in the manufacture of gold and
silver plates and solders. H. Purple. See Pig-
ments, I us of. H. Violet, and H. Yellow.
Pigments, Conspectus of .

Hesthogenous [hes-thoj' -en-us) [ioBi/g, dress, clothing;
ring]. In biology, applied to birds that
are hatched with a covering of down ; ptilop,
opposed to gymnogenous, psilopedic.

Heteracanth [hef -er-ak-antk) [ ,

spine]. In biology, applied to fishes in which the
dorsal and anal fin-spines are asymmetric.

Heteracephalous [het-er-a-sef '-al-us) [erepog, other;
Kfoo///, head]. See Heterocephalous.

Heteracmy [het-er-ak' -me) [ . other, different ;

CLKpij, prime, maturity]. In biology, applied to plants in
which cross-fertilization is secured by the heterochron-
"ii~ maturing of the stamens and pistils.

Heteradelph [hef-er-ad-elf). See Heteradelphus.

Heteradelphia [het-er-ad-el' '-fe-ah) [erepog, other;
, brother]. Heteradelphous teratism.

Ill II

:,i;i

I IK I EROi .1 ■ M SIS

Heteradelphous

the

■
I in a

sue that is
ntially

ther ;

\

lisc].

■

it a dis
i no direct
iter.

differ-
i unsymm

other, different :
ipon different
ivth.

r], A Greek prefix

Ubu-

H

H<

H

H-

rocei

Hi

: of

■iher,

itality, from Hog, life;

. ' ■ smai tor a

of which

ith a division

form the

■ ■ . . >ther, ■ li
In biology, arising from

| ther, dif-

than

. hernia],
in a

•halo;: ,ther,

plied to

. other;
with two

in< quail y

rent ;
ip of in-
form of

the

Heterochrony ,.r.

. time]. The production of a structure or the
urrence of a phenomenon at an abnormal period

of tune.

Heterochronic, Heterochronous (het-er-o-kron'-ikt
het- on-us) [ other; ■ , time]. Ir-

il.ir in occurrence. Occurring at different times,
or at other than the proper time.

Heterochrony {het-er-okr -ro-ne) [ere/wc, other ; i ■
time]. In biology, out of order a- to time, as organs,
inisms, or hi ■ traits that occur out of the

true on: [uence. Cf. Hotneochronous.

Heterocline [het'-er-o-klin) [■"■""• other, different;
. bed]. Same as Heterocepha

Heterocrania iket-er-o-kra'-ne-aK) [erepog, other;
iviov, skull]. Headache involving but one side of
the head.

Heterocyst (JieP ' -er-o-sist\ [ , other, different;

icfiOTfC, a bag, pouch]. In biology, applied to individ-
ual cells in the moniliform rows of roundish, chloro-
phyl bearing cells of the Nostoca . .. , which, appar-
ently without any definite law, vary in size and color
from those among which they are intercalated ; a
limiting-cell.

Heterodactyl [het-er-o-dak' '-tit) \jtrepog, other; S&k-
rr'/m , a linger or toe]. An animal in which the
digits are in some way peculiar or irregular

Heterodermotrophy \het-er-o-der-motf -ro-fe"] [en
other; skin; ~poo/j, nutrition], Disordi

or perverted nutrition ol the skin.

Heterodont [het' '-er-o-dorit) [erepoc, different; bdobg
■'"-), tooth]. In biology, having more than one
sort of teeth, as incisors, canines, molars ; the oppo-
site of Homodont.

Heterodromous (het-er-od'-ro-mtis) [erepog, other;
, to run]. In biology, growing or turning in
opposite directions, as a tendril that coil^ first one
way and then the other.

Heterodromy [het-er-od'-ro-me) \erepog, other ; 6p<
a running]. In biology, a change in the direction of
the spiral in the leaves of the branches and stem.
Same as Antidromy.

Heterodymus (het-er-od* -im-us) [erepog, other ; 6iAvfiog,
twin]. A double monster, the accessory part being
but an imperfect head, with a neck and thorax by
which it is implanted in the anterior abdominal wall
of its host.

Heterogamous (het-er-og/ -am- us)T erepog, other; ya\p.og,
marriage]. In biology, bearing male and female
(lowers in the same' inflorescence or plant,

Heterogamy [het-er-og' '-am-e\ [erepog, other; ydpog,
marriage]. In biology, a term applied to different forms
velopmenl arising from difference in nutri-
tion or environment. It is typified in the Phylloxera
Matrix, the d< velopment of which i- far more com-
plex when the insects are bred under ground, on the
roots of the grape-vine, compared with that when the
insects breed upon the leaves of the vine. In the
lati 5ive generations consisl ><\ apter

ous, oviparous females only ; in the former the cycle
consists of male insects, apterous females for perpetuat-
ing, and winged females for spreading the species.

Heterogeneity ( X / , ,- o ien-e'-it < | [erepoc, other ;
■ . kind]. The condition or quality of being
hel ous.

Heterogeneous (//,■/ ' ne-us) [erepog, other;

kind]. Differing in kind or nature; composed of
different substances; not homogeneous.

Heterogenesis o-jen' -es-is) [_. - pog, diffei

'" ration]. i. Organic deviation in the
situation or character of organs, etc. 2. In biology,
a mode of 1 is, by which the living parent gives

rise to offspring that pass through totally different

III-. I ERi (GENETIC

565

111. I EROPHYADIC

series of states from those exhibited by the parents,
and do not return into the cycle of the parents i Hux-
ley). Milne-Edwards has substituted the word A
genesis, (/. v.

Heterogenetic [het-er-o-jen-etf -ik) [erepoc, other;
ii ration]. Pertaining to heterogenesis.

Heterogenist [het-er-ojf-en-ist). See ./ nesis.

Heterogeny [het-er-oj'-en-e). Same as H sis.

Heterogenous [het-er-og'-o-nus) [erepoc, other;

generation]. In biology, having several kinds of
flowers as regards the length of the .stamens and
styles ; betero-styled. Cf. Dimorphous, 7'rimorpiious.

Heterogony [het-er-og' -o-ne) [erepoc, other; }6vog,
generation]. A form of reproduction that consists
in the occurrence, in the cycle of development, of in-
dividuals differing in structure from the parent forms
and existing under special conditions of nutrition.

Heterogynous [het-er-oj' '-in-us) [erepoc, other, differ-
ent; yvvij, female]. In biology, applied to certain
groups of insects among which there are two kinds of
females, one sexually perfect, the other not.

Heteroinfection [ket-er-q-in-fek' -shun) [frepoc, other;
inficere, to taint] . I. Infection transmitted by a person
who is himself not infected. 2. Infection of any
organism by a poison not produced within itself; op-
posed to auto-infection.

Heteroinoculation [ket-er-o-in-ok-u-la' -shun) [erfpoc,
other; inoculatio, an ingrafting]. Inoculation of one
person by another.

Heterokinesis [ket-er-o-kin-e' '-sis) [erepoc, different;
Kivelv, to move]. In biology, Weismann's term for that
kind of nuclear division in which the two daughter-
nuclei contain different kinds of idioplasm, i.e. , nuclear
division depending upon a heterogeneous grouping of
the primary constituents and resulting in parts contain-
ing dissimilar hereditary tendencies. Cf. Homeokinesis.

Heterolalia [het-er-o-la* '-le-ah) [itTepog, other; Aa/ua,
talk]. The utterance of words other than those in-
tended by the speaker ; heterophemy.

Heterologous (het-er-ol'-o-gus) [erepoc, other; \6yoc,
relation]. Differing in structure or form from the
normal. H. Series, a series derived from each other
by chemic metamorphoses H. Tissues, morbid tis-
sues that have no structural relation with the normal
tissues of the part. H. Tumors, tumors constituted
of a different tissue from that of the part in or on which
they are situated.

Heterology [het-er-oV -o-je) [erepoc, other; A.6yog, rela-
tion]. Abnormality in nature, form, or structure ; de-
velopment of an abnormal structure.

Heterotopia, Heterolopy [het-er-o-lo1 '-pe-ah, het-er-olf-
o-pc) [erepoc, other; /W(5c, scale]. The presence of
abnormal scales, crusts, or scabs.

Heteromastigate [het-er-o-mas' -tig-at) [erepoc, other,
different ; fidarig, a whip]. In biology, having more
than one kind of flagellum.

Heteromerous [het-er-om' '-er-us) [erepoc, other ; fiepog,
a part]. In biology, having homologous parts di-
versely composed.

Heteromorphism [het-er-o-mor' '-fiz»i) [trrpoc, other ;
fiopffj, form]. A condition marked by difference in
form, as compared with the normal form. In chem-
istry, the property of crystallizing in different forms.
In biology: I. A state of deviation from a type or
norm. 2. Exhibiting different forms at different
stages in the life-history.

Heteromorphosis [het-er-o-mor-for-sis) \j repor, other ;
fi6p<puoiq, formation]. Malformation or deformity;
any disease characterized by deformity.

Heteromorphous [het-er-o-mor' -/us) [erepof , other ;
uop<pij, form]. Differing from the normal in form.

Heteronephrotrophy [het-er-o-nef-rof -ro-fe) [erepoc,

other; . kidney; nutrition]. Malnu-

trition or degeneration of any part of die kidney.

Heteronomous [het-er-on' '-o-tnus) [irtpor, other ; r
law]. In biology, divei n in any series or set

of morphologically related structures through special-
ization.

Heteronomy [het-er-on' '-o-me) [erepoc, other; vopoc,
law], i. Subordination to a law of adaptive modifi-
cation. 2. 'I in- presence of segmentation. Cf. Auton-
omy and //<>/// nomy.

Heteronym [hef '-er-o-nim | [ repoc, other; bwpa, name].
An unrelated synonym; a name in one language that
corresponds to the same name in another language, but
1m- no near derivative relationship thereto.

Heteronymous [het-er-on' '-im m i [erepoc, other; bwpa,
name]. Not homonymous ; applied tocrossed double
visual images, such as are seen when there is a rela-
tive divergence of the eyes.

Heteronymy [het-er-on' '-im-e) [erepoc, other; in vim,
name]. A system of polyglot nomenclature in which
exact synonyms are used in each language to repi'
sent corresponding but unrelated words in other lan-
guages ; compare paronym v.

Hetero-osteoplasty [hef -er-o-os' -te-o-plas-te) \j~epoc,,
other; borkm , bone ; -/acattv, to form]. The surgi-
cal grafting of bone, especially with a graft taken
from a bone of one of the lower animals.

Heteropagus [het-er-opr -ag-us) \erepoi ,oth< r; _,, virvat,
to unite]. A monstrosity with normal head, upper
and lower extremities, but with a parasite attached to
the anterior abdominal wall. The parasite has a head
and extremities.

Heteropathic [het-er-o-path' '-ik) \jrepor, other ; Tradoq,
disease]. Pertaining to or making use of hetero-
pathy.

Heteropathy [het-er-op1 '-ath-e) [erepoc, other ; -adoq,
affection]. The treatment of a disease by inducing a
different morbid condition to neutralize it. Abnormal
reaction to stimulus or irritation.

Heteropelmous [het-er-o-pel' -mus) [erepoc, different ;
•Kekiia, the sole of the foot]. In biology', applied to
birds in which each of the flexor tendons of the sole
of the foot splits into two.

Heterophagous [het-er-off' '-ag-us) [hepor, other, differ-
ent; (payeiv, to eat]. In biology, applied to young
animals that require to be fed by the parents ; altri-
cial.

Heterophemism [het-er-off' '-em-izm). See Heterophemy.

Heterophemy [het-er-off' '-em-e) [erepoc, other; <p
utterance]. The utterance of one thing when another
is intended ; heterolalia.

Heterophonia [het-er-o-fo' '-ne-ah) [erepoc, other; tpuvij,
voice]. Abnormal quality or perversion of the voice.

Heterophoralgia [het-er-o-for-al' '-je-ah) [erepoc, other;
ipopdg, tending; akyoq, pain]. Eye-strain or ocular
pain caused by heterophoria.

Heterophoria [het-er-o-fo' -re-ah) [erepoc, different ;
Qopor, tending]. A tending of the visual lines in
some other way than that of parallelism. It may be
Esophoria, a tending of the lines inward ; or Exo-
phoria, outward ; or Hyperphoria, a tending of the
right or left visual line in a direction above its fellow ;
Hyperesophoria, a tending of the visual lines upward
and inward ; Hyperexophoria, upward and outward.

Heterophoric (het-er-o-fo' '-rik) \krepoq, other; <popo<;,
tending]. Due to heterophoria.

Heterophthongia [het-er-off-thong' -e-ah) [erepoc, other ;
dddyyoc, sound]. Synonym of Ventriloquism.

Heterophyadic [het-er-o-fi-aoV -ik) [erepoc, other, dif-
ferent ; en mill it, to grow]. In biology, characterized
by producing two kinds of stems, e.g., one fertile, the
succeeding one sterile.

Hill ROPHN II 0

HEXANE

Heterophyllous

■ ! in the

the
lally beli

■ I part,

it in

Hetcr

Hetei

J.

ther;

1 2.

-

i another

rosopus • "ther;

inus or

. other ;
stud) r science
: r than those of

gy, having the wings
in the bu

Lite.

, oth r ; - ■■■-
-
Het' . other,

ly]. In biology, having the body
. hum a type.
r, differ-
In biology, b - of
ind /
rostrophy r, differ-

il in the

rent ; a~\

■■'/ 'axis.
-

isionally

urn.

i I i abdo-

ith nutrition or func-

irts. The

I i
1 i irraal tissue,

i of the brain, in

>und transplanted
■ as sociated

[. In
Heterotrophy ah,

Any perversion or disorder of nutrition, local > >r
general. I" biology, obtaining nourishment by some
abnormal <>r unusual arrangement.

Heterotopia [het-er-o-trop1 '-e-ak). See Strabismus.

Heterotropic '. i| - , other, different ;

. a turning]. In biology, applied to plants the
different organs of which behave differently under the
same form of irritation Cf. Anisotropic.

Heterotropous [hel-er-ot* '-ro-pus) [erepoc, different;

. turning]. In biology, applied to any organ or

part which is turned in an unus ial direction, as an

embryo transverse to the axis ol the seed; amphitro-

Heterotypic [het-er-o-tip'-ik), Heterotypical {het-er-o-
tip'-ik-al) [■■ "■ /'"■'. "ther; rviroc, pattern]. Applied
rosity consisting of a well developed fetus
from which grows an immature secondary fetus.

Heterotypus pu | ( repoc, different; rinrog,

a type], A double monster having the parasitic
fetus hanging from the ventral wall of the principal
subj

Heteroxanthin {het- er-o-zan* -thin) \jtrepog, other;
, yellow], C6H6N402. A leukomaine isolated
from urine in 1 884. In composition it is methyl-xan-
thin, and it i- intermediate between \anthin and para-
xanthin or dimethyl-xanthin ; it exists in the urine of
man in the same proportion as para- xan thin. It occurs
in larger amount in the urine of leukemic patients.
It is crystalline, soluble in hoi water, insoluble in
alcohol and 1 ther. It is thought by Solomon to have
its origin in the kidney. It-- physiologic action is not
yet fully known. Xanthin, heteroxanthin. and para-
xanthin form normally an homologous series of xan-
thin bodies in the urine.

Heubner's Disease. Syphilitic disease of the cerebral
arteries. See Diseases, TabL

Heuchera {huf -ker-ah) . See Alum-root.

Heurteloup (her' -tel-up) [after Baron Heurteloup, the
inventor]. An artificial leech or cupping-apparatus.

Hewitt's Mixture. A mixture used in treating chlo-
rosis. It consists of compound spirit of ether, com-
pound tincture of lavender, and aromatic spirit of
ammonia, each 2 drams ; water sufficient to make 2
ounces. < >f this one dram is given every two or three
hour-.

Hewson's Dressing. An application for wounds,
tumors, etc., consisting of dry earth containing about
50 per cent, of clay. H.'s Experiments, experi-
ments made to prove that the blood vessels exert a
restraining influence on coagulation.

Hexabasic [fieks-ah-ba' -sik) [ef, six; fiaoig, a base].
Replaceable by six basic atoms.

Hexactinal [heks-ak' '-tin-al) [.,-, six; auric, ray]. In
biology, bearing >ix rays.

Hexad id) [e£ac, six]. In chemistry, an

elemenl thi I which have six times tin saturat-

ing power or equivalence of the hydrogen atom.

Hexadactylism [heks-ad-ak' '-til-izm) [.■,-<"■, six; daicrv-
>'/c, a linger], I laving six fingers or toes.

Hexagynian \heks-aj-inf e an) [.■_-. six ; ywij, female].
In biology, I i pistils or -ivies.

Hexahydric Alcohols iheks-ah-ki'-drik). See

Hexamerous {heks-am'-er-us) [ef, six ; fikpog, part].

In biology, having six parts, or the part- in sixes.
Hexandrous {heks-an* -drus) [•■,-, -ix ; avf/p, male]. In

biology, having six stamens. It is also called Hexan

drious, //■ xandrian.
Hexane [hek ' an) [el-ag, six],CgHM. The sixth mem

! hydrocarbons. It is a

liquid, boiling al about 7I°C. , found in various natural

oils

HEXAPETALOUS

:,ti7

HKill

Hexapetalous [heks-ap-eP-al-us) [•;, -ix ; irir&tov , a
leaf]. In biology, having six petals.

Hexaphyllous [heks-af-il' '-us) [ef, -i\ ; 9/ //or, leaf].
In biology, having -i\ leaves or leaflets.

Hexapod (Aeks/ -ap-od) [>;, six ; mbg, foot]. In
biology, having -i\ feet, as the true insects.

Hexapodan [heks-ap'-o-dan). Same as Hexapod.

Hexapterous [heks-apf-ter-u | [ , six ; -7(/»' .
wing]. In biology, having six wings or wing like
appendages.

Hexastemonous [heks-as-tem' '-o-nus) [cf, six ; arfiuuv,
warp, taken as stamen]. Same as Hexandrous.

Hexastichous (heks-as' '-tik-us) [kS-aort |<», of six row.-],
in biology, having the parts or organs arranged in six
rows.

Hexatomic {Jieks-at-om' r-ik) [.:"<, six; arouog, an
atom]. In chemistry, consisting of six atom-.; also
applied to atoms that are hexavalent, and to alcohols
or other compounds having six replaceable hydrogen
atoms.

Hexavalent [heks-avt -al-ent) [.';</<;, six; valens, having
power]. In chemistry, having the same saturating or
combining-power as six hydrogen atoms, or a valence
of six.

Hexicology [heks-ik-oV-o-je). Sec Hexioi

Hexiology [heks-e-ol' '-o-je) [efif, habit ; Tubyog, science].
The science of the relations of the organism to its
environment.

Hexoses (heks-o1 '-sez) [e£ac, six]. The aldehyd or
ketone derivatives of the hexahydric alcohols. They
occur frequently in plants, especially in ripe fruit-.
They are formed by the hvdrolytic decomposition of
all disaccharids and polysaccharides when they are
bailed with dilute acids, or acted upon by ferments.
They possess feeble reducing-power. They precipitate
cuprous oxid from warm alkaline cupric solutions, one
molecule of hexose precipitating about five atoms of
copper. This is the basis of the method for the vol-
umetric estimation of glucose by means of Fehling's
solution. When exposed to Schizomycetes the hexoses
readily undergo fermentation. See Carbohydrates,
Table of.

Hexylamin {heks-il'-am-in). See Caproylamin.

Hey's Hernia. See Hernia, Encysted. H.'s Liga-
ment. See Ligament.

Hiation {hi-af-shun) Xkiare, to gape]. The act of gap-
ing or yawning Cf. Pandiculation.

Hiatus {hi-a'-tus) \hiare, to gape]. A space or open-
ing. Also, the vulva. H. aorticus. See Aortic
Opening. H. of Fallopius, the shallow groove on
the petrous portion of the temporal bone. H.
sacralis, a slit-like opening on the po-terior surface
of the sacrum. It is continuous above with the spinal
canal. H. semilunaris, a crescentic furrow upon
the outer wall of the middle meatus of the nose.

Hibernaculum [hi-ber-nak' '-u-lum) [I.., a winter resi-
dence : //. ,Hibemaculd\ . In biology, an organ fitted to
protect delicate parts during the winter ; a winter bud.

Hibernation [hi-ber- na'-shun) \hibernus, winter]. The
dormant condition or winter-sleep of certain animals,
notably bears, hedgehogs, etc., in which animation i-
almost suspended. Respiration and circulation are
greatly reduced, and nutrition is performed mainly at
the expense of the fatty tissues of the animal.

Hiccup, or Hiccough (hik'-up) \hic, a mimic word;
MK., cough, a cough]. A spasmodic contraction of
the diaphragm causing inspiration, followed by a
sudden closure of the glottis.

Hickory [hikf-or-e) [an American Indian name]. The
bark of shellbark hickory, Hicoria, or Carya alba ;
it is tonic and anti-intermittent, and useful in malarial
fevers. Dose of the tld. ext. 3 ss-j. Unof.

Hicks (Braxtoni, Method of. In obstetrics a method
of performing version. It is the bipolar or combined
interna] and external, method. H., Sign of. See
Sigm 'in,/ Symptom.*, Table of.

Hidden Seizure. A popular name for various form- of
slight or sudden epileptiform attacks.

Hide [hid) [ME., hide, -kin]. The skin of an animal.
Ihi- skins oi the ox, cow, buffalo, horse, etc. , that are
utilized in tin- manufai ture of Leather, are especially
-■, termed. If obtained from younger animals of the
-nne kind, they are called kips. H. -bound Disease.
Scleroderma. H. -bound Skin. See Sclero-
derma. H.-glue. See Glue.

Hidro- (/ii/-dro-) [Idp&g, sweat]. A prefix signifying

SWc

Hidroa (hid-ro'-ah) [idpoa, sweat-pots; sudamina].
Sudamina; any dermal lesion associated with or
caused by profuse sweating.

Hidrocystoma [hid-ro-sis-to' '-mah) [ISpua, sudamina;
Kvorig, a cyst; bua, a tumor: pi., HidrocystomataV.
A variety of sudamina appearing on the face, especi-
ally in women in middle and advanced life.

Hidromancy [hid/-ro manse) [idp&g, sweat ; pxn 1
divination]. The forming of a prognosis from exami-
nation of the perspiration.

Hidronosus [hid-ron' '-o-sus) [Idp&g, sweat ; v6aog, dis-
ease]. Any disease of the sweat-glands.

Hidropedesis {hid-ro-ped-e'-sis) [idpuc, sweat ; -i,< > .
a leaping]. Excessive sweating.

Hidroplania [hid-ro-pla' -ne-ah) [id/wic, sweat ; ~'/drr/,
a wandering]. Sweating in an unusual portion of the
body.

Hidropoiesis {hid-ro-poi-e' '-sis) \i6phg, sweat ; iroiieiv,
to make]. The process of the formation and excre-
tion of sweat.

Hidropoietic {hid-ro-poi-e^ -ik) \l8pug, sweat ; ttouciv,
to make]. Relating to hidropoiesis ; sudoriparous.

Hidrorrhea ihid-ror-e' '-ah) \y6pdg, sweat ; poia, a flow].
Excessive flow of sweat.

Hidrosadenitis [hid-ros-ad-en-ir-tis) [I6pag, sweat;
adrp>, gland ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the sweat-glands.

Hidroschesis (hid-ros' '-kes-is) \l8pfag, sweat; <i\>mc,
retention]. Retention or suppression of the sweat.

Hidrosis [hid-ro* -sis) \iSpi>g, sweat]. 1. The forma-
tion and excretion of sweat. 2. Abnormally profuse
sweating. 5. Any skin-disease marked by disorder of
the sweat-glands.

Hidrotic [hid-rof -ik) \_ldpaTuc6g, producing sweat]. 1.
Diaphoretic or sudorific. 2. A medicine that causes
sweating.

Hidrotopathic {hid-ro-to-path' -ik) \\Spug, sweat ; -
disease]. Relating to a morbid state of the perspira-
tory function.

Hidrotopoiesis {hid-ro to-poi-ef -sis) [idptjr, sweat ; -
eivl. Same as Hidropoiesis.

Hidrotopoietic (hid-ro-to-poi-et'-ik). See Hidropoietic.

Hidrozymases \hi-dro-zi-ma'-sez)\i&pfog, sweat: -<////,
I. rment]. Sweat-ferments, including amylase, emul-
sin, and pepsin.

Hiera picra {hi'-er-ah pi'-krah) [L. , sacred bitter-],
l'ulvi- aloes et canellre. See A!

Hieracium [hi-er-a' '-se-um) [lepaiuov, hawk- weed]. A
genus of composite flowered herbs. In the old world,
H. murorum and H. pilosella, and in tin I S.,
H. scabrum and H. venosum are popularly esteemed
as useful remedies. They have astringent and pectoral
qualities. Unof.

Hieralgia {hi-er-al' -je-ah) [lepdv, sacred, sacrum;
&Ayog, pain]. Pain in the sacrum.

High (hi) [MK., high, high]. I. Elevated far above
a base. 2. Intensified in physical quality, a- temper-

HIGHGATE RESIN 568

I UK* l\

H. Pel.

H -rule Sitting

:c. Antrum :iUV

: the Testicle.

am,

In bi

H

H

I
H.'s Muscle

diarrhea

: 1 Li. marked by

dy death.

g principally

. and quartz,

Line.

'•

H i
Htlum

i litti . Hila\.

anovuli
■
ing in an animal
in the internal or con-

Pertaining to the

J Me:':.

H. -brain, a divi~i.ni of

maped tube in the

iii<- the cerebel-

tii.it becomes the medulla

H.-gut, I the embryonic in

iral part of the 1

H.-head, the
H.-limb. ; limbs of a

lint

id . form].

- of which
right angles to

In

are
the

i. The upper part of the thigh

..'. Tin- hip-joint.

ect's leg. 4. I 'o

rose, Confection

H.-bath. See Bath.

H -bone, H. -girdle, ill'' pelvic arch.

H - tint, femur with the

H. -joint Dis-
ea -•'■. nl ; an affection of

- in the bead of

ibulum, or in the synovial mem

joint, di

, and . Irlhritic.

ixalgia),

. used

hip]. In obstetri

.

Hipj

horse ; ai

in which the

II

1 phy

ry.

. 1

P

Hippocampal [Aip-o-kam/-pal)\lmrog, horse; mfiirog,
.1 sea monster.] Relating to the hippocampus.

Hippocampus Miip-o-kam' -pus) [tn-jroc, horse; K,nnrog,
a sea-monsti 1 | \ name applied to two elevations,
//. major and //. minot . the former situated in the in-
ferior, and tin- latter in the posterior horn of the
ventricles of the brain. When the name Hippocam-
is used alone, the H. maj'oris meant.

Hippocoryza {hip-o-ko-ri' -zah) . Synonym of Equinia.

Hippocras [Aij/ -o-kras)\lirirog, horse ; uparog, strength].
\n 0[(j ; 1 cordial or liquor, made of red wine,

sweetened and flavored.

Hippocrates' Bandage. See Bandage.

Hippocratic [tiip-o-krat'-ik) [Hippocrates, a (ireek.
physician of the fourth century]. Pertaining to Hip-
rates. H. Expression, an anxious expression "I
the countenance, described as characteristic ol pen
tonitis. H. Face. See Fades. H. Finger. See //.
Nail. H. Nail, a peculiar curvation of the nails
11 in pulmonary tuberculosis and other lung dis
eases. They are curved, longitudinally striated, over
lapping the finger like the beak of a parrot. The
condition is also called Hippocratic Finger. H.
Sound. See Succussion-sound.

Hippocratism [Aip-okf -rat-izm) [Hippocrates, a (Ireek
physician]. Hippocrates' doctrine of imitating nature
in the treatment of disease.

Hippocrepian {hip-o-kre' -pe-an) [i--or, ahorse ; upr/nig,
a boot]. In biology, horse-shoe-shaped; hippocrepi-
form, as a certain deformity of the kidney.

Hippocrepiform {kip-o-krep'-if-orm). See Hippocre-
pian.

Hippolith [hip' -o-lith) [)~-<>r, horse; Tufiog, stone]. A
calculus or bezoar found in the stomach of the
■ horse.

Hippology (Aip-oP-o-je) [lirirog, horse; ?.6yog, knowl-
edge]. The anatomy, pathology, etc., of the horse.

Hippomane (Aip-om/-an-e) [lirirofiavig ; lirirog, horse;
uavia, madness ; the ancients believed that horses
were madly fond of a plant called by this name]. A
1 us of euphorbiaceous trees. H. mancinella and
H. spinosa, the manchineal trees of tropical America,
are extremely acrid and poisonous, even to the
touch. They are used locally in medicine, especially
in skin-diseases. Unof.

Hippomelanin [hip-o meP -an-in) [lirirog, horse ; ///><",
black], A pigment found in melanotic tumors in
horses.

Hippopathology [hip-o-path-oV-o-je) [lirirog, horse;
jrddog, disease; >«;<». science]. The science of the
diseases of the horse.

Hippophagy {hip-off' a-je) [lirirog, horse; tpayeiv, to
eat]. The eating of horse flesh.

Hipposteology [Aip-os-te-oP -o-je) [lirirog, horse ; barkov,
bone; cience]. The science of osteology as

applied to the horse.

Hippotomy (Aip-ot'-o-me) [lirirog, horse ; TOfirj, a cut-
ting]. I he anatomy or dissection of the horse.

Hippurate (hip'// 1,1. \ . horse; iii-/><>r, urine].

\ny --.ilt of hippuric a< id, </. t.

Hippuria {kip-u' '-re-ati) [/rrrn, . horse; ovpov, urine].
I iccess of hippuric acid in the urine, e . g. , after medi
cation with hen/. >ii acid,

Hippuric Acid [hip-tt' -rik). See Add.

Hippuris ( hip u' ris) [lirirovptg, horse-tail], 1. A genus
of halorageaceous aquatic herbs, common in all cool
jions. H. vulgaris is astringent. I'nof. 2. The
tuda equina, q. v.

Hippus {Aipf-us) [lirirog, horse, from analogy to the
movement of this animal]. Spasmodic pupillary move
ment, independent of the action of light.

Hircin (Aer^-sin). See Acid, I Hide.

nii<< :iNOl s

569

IK (ARSEN1 5S

Hircinous [her si,-nus\ [Aircinus, ofi goat]. In )>i<>logy,
having a goat-like odor.

Hircismus [Aer-siz/-mus) [Aircus, a goat]. The goat-
like odor sometimes emitted by the human axilla.

Hircus (Aer^-kus) [L., "goat "]. The tragus.

Hirschfeld's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of.

Hirsute [Aer-sutf) [Airsutus, rough, shaggy]. In 1mm
logy, thicklj covered with rough, shaggy hair.

Hirsuties [Aer-su' -te-iz) [Airsutus, shaggy]. Hyper
trichosis; hypertrichiasis ; polytrichia; trichauxis ;
that condition in which the hair-, of the body are in-
creased in aumber or size, or grow in unusual situa-
tions, or in normal situations in unusual length or
number. H. gestationis, a growth of hair about the
chin ami lips in women in the course of pregnancy.

Hirsutocinereous [Aer-su-to-sin-e1 '-re-u ) [Airsutus,
hairy; cinereous, ashy]. In biology, having a hairy
coat of an ashy-gray color.

Hirtellous lAer-tel' '-its) [Airtus, hairy]. Minutely hir-
sute ; Stiffly pubescent.

Hirudiniculture [Ai-ru/-din-e-kul-cAitr) [Airudo, leech ;
cultura, culture]. The artificial breeding and rearing
of leeches.

Hirudo [Ai-ru/-do)[h. : pi. , Hirudines"]. The leech, q.v.

His, Bursa of. A dilatation of the end of the archen-
teron described by His in a human embryo. H.'s
Granule-cell, a granular cell resembling a leuko-
cyte, found in the ovarian stroma. H.'s Tissue, a
synonym of Adenoid Tissue.

Hispid lAis/-pid) [Aispidus, bristly]. In biology,
bristly. Beset with rigid, spreading hairs or minute
spines.

Hispidulous [Ais-pid* '-u-lus) [hispidus, hairy]. In
botany, minutely hispid ; having short, stiff hairs.

Histioid [Ais/-te-oid). See Histoid.

Histochemic [Ais-to-kem' -ik) [iaror, tissue; ^-///ie/a,
chemistry]. Relating to histochemistry.

Histochemistry [Ais-to-kem' '-is-tre) [iardr, tissue;
1 ',/'•'"'. chemistry]. The chemistry of the histologic
elements of the body.

Histodialysis [Ais-to-di-aP '-is-is) [Iaror , web ; 6id?ivair,
a resolution]. The dissolution of organic tissue.

Histogenesis [Ais-to-jen' -es-is) [lords, web ; yevecis,
generation]. In biology, the process of formation of
cells and cell-products.

Histogenetic [Ais-to-jen-eP-ik) [iaror, web ; yewav, to
produce]. Relating to histogenesis.

Histogeny {/lis-toj'-en-e). See Histogenesis.

Histography [Ais-togf -ra-fe) [iaroq, tissue ; ypadf.Lv, to
write]. A description or written account of the
tissues.

Histohematin [Ais-to-Aem' -at-in) [iaror, web ; alfia,
blood]. I. A pigmentary extractive of the suprarenal
bodies ; it is found also in various other tissues in the
lower animals. 2. One of a class of respiratory pig-
ments; the intrinsic coloring-matters of the organs and
tissues of invertebrates. The AisloAematins are of
wide-spread occurrence in the tissues of both verte-
brates and invertebrates. The best known is that found
in muscles, viz., myohematin, </. v.

Histoid (Jiis'-toid) [iaror, web; eldog, likeness]. Per-
taining to tissue derived from the mesoblast, as a his-
toid tumor. See Neoplasm.

Histokinesis [Ais-to-kin-e,-sis) [iaror, tissue ; km
movement]. Movement that takes place in the
minute structural elements of the body.

Histologic, Histological [Ais-to-loj'-ik, his-to-loj' -ik-al)
[lords, tissue ; Myos, science]. Relating to histology.

Histologist [Ais-tol'-o-jist)\lor6s, tissue ; '/ud,,r, science].
One who is expert in histology.

Histology (his-tol'-o-je) [iaror, tissue ; 16yoq, science].
The study of the intimate structure of tissues.

Histolysis [Ais-tol* '-is-is) [lords, tissue ; Tlvoit, dissolu-
tion!. I Hsintegration and dissolution of organic ti-

Histolytic [Ais-tol-if '-ik) [iaror, tissue ; t.vaiq, dissolu-
tion]. Pertaining to histolysis.

Histomorphology [Ais-to-morf-ol' -o-je) [lords, tissue;
uoptjtff, form; "Kdyos, science]. The morphology of
the hiistologi" el< ments ol the body.

Histon (his'-tou) [lards, tissue] A proteid pre]
from the nuclei ol ceils. It belongs to the group of
proteids known as albumoses or prop* ptones.

Histonomy [Ais-ton' -o-me) [iaror, tissue ; vdfioq, a law].
The laws of the development and arrangement of or-
ganic tissue.

Histopathology [Ais-to-patA-oV '-o-j'e) [iaror, tissue ;
disease; M>yos, science]. The study of minute
pathologic changes or stat

Histophysiology [his-to-fiz-e-ol' -o-je) [iaror, web, tis
sue; fyvois, nature; "Kdyos, science]. The science of
the functions of the various tissues.

History [Ais'-tor-e) TloTopia, a learning by inquiry]. A
narrative ; -lory. H., Biologic, the life -lory of any
animal. H., Medical, the account obtained from a
patient as to his health, past and present, and the
symptoms of hi- disease.

Histotome [Ais' -to-torn) [iaror, tissue; TOfids, cutting].
A microtome or other apparatus for cutting ti
for the study of its minute structure.

Histotomy [Ais-tof '-o-me) [iaror ti , to cut].

The dissection of any organic tissue.

Histotripsy [Ais-to-tripf -se) [iaror, web; rpitjur, a
crushing]. The crushing of tissues by an ecraseur.

Histotromy [Ais-tof -ro-me) [lords, tissue; rpofior, tre-
mor]. Fibrillary contraction.

Histotrophic [Ais-to-trof -ik) [ia-or, tissue ; rporpr/,
nourishment]. Concerning the nutrition ot the tissues.

Histozyme [Aisf -to-zlm) [lords, tissue ; -•'■.. leaven].
A ferment found by Schmiedeberg in the kidneys of
pigs, and concerned in splitting up hippuric acid.

Histrionic [Ais-tre-on' -ik) [Aistrio, an actor]. Dram
atic. H. Mania, insanity with affectation and lofty
manner. H. Muscles, the expressional muscles of
the face. H. Spasm, spasm of the histrionic mus-
cles.

Histrionism [AisJ ' -tre-on-izm) [Aistrio, a player].
I hramatic action in insanity or in hysteria.

Hitooch (//it-oos/d). See HitoucA.

Hitouch [hit-oosh') [Heb.]. Hitooch; the first step
in the Jewish rite of circumcision. It consists in cut-
ting off the prepuce.

Hives [Alvz) [origin uncertain]. A name loosely ap-
plied to almost any papular eruption of the skin. In
Great Britain, the term is applied to croup, laryngitis,
and to ckicken-pox ; in the United States it is limited
to a transitory form of urticaria, </. 7'.

Hive-syrup. See Scilla and Antimonium.

Hoang-nan, or Hwang-nao [Awang-nou/) [Chinese].
A Chinese preparation obtained from the bark of
StrycAnos gaultAeriana. Its properties are due to a
-mall percentage of strychnin. It is recommended as
an alterative in syphilis, leprosy, and similar dis(
and is an alleged preventive of hydrophobia if given
in large doses gr. xv | during the period of incubation.
Hose of the powdered drug gr. iij-v ; of the aceto-al-
coholic extract gr. ' s-'j: of the tinct. rnj-v.

Hoar [Aor) [ME., Aore, hoar]. Gray; old.

Hoarhound [Aor'-Aownd). See Marrubium.

Hoariness (//or'-e-nes). See Canities.

Hoarse (//ors) [ME., Aoors, harsh]. Harsh; grating;
discordant; applied to the vo

Hoarseness [Aors/-nes) [ME., hoorsnesse, hoarseness].
Harshness of the voice depending on some abnormal
condition of the larvnx or throat.

Hi IB NAIL I.I •

.70

ll< ID '111 AM ^

Hob-nail Liver, or Hob-nailed Liver A livt

lob-nails; it
stent

Hobokenius. Valves of.

.

11 WInu- Hochheimer

it ..n

: the

in in. in. In

-.in- ham.

Hod| A ppa Smith's

H D ease. -

H • Disease. Dilatation of

with inflammatory and

■i the I "11

i, with dilat.ui.m of the

ni.-nt of
the a and dilatatioi

Hor raping-instrument

ii dentistry.
H fmann's Anodyne. H.'s Violet.

H.'s Method. See Treatment,

Method. \ ssion of the

>sure "ii the head
from without upon the oc-

H Method. A metl moving pro-

I" the liquid, i 1 faintly

mc

i.l with recently

After boiling for a few

i -"Union is obtained which

I his method does

i \ "Med pig ; a

. glutton. H. -cholera, a specific,

ttended with in-

i. intestines, ami

equently cough, and

m and mucous mem-

UluS

H -,: .•:. Wesl In. linn resins.

H i'otato. - H.-weed.

Hohl's Metho.! ng the peri-

ll i istam

anteriorly
idle fingers ;
"1 lying neai

H

cna

oul the
remedy.

11 a furrow ; oi

In I th planted

11 r]. A di

al op-

\ '• lunr

Hollands {hol'-ands). See Gin.
Hollek [hol'-ek\. Same as Hollyhock.

Hollow-foot [hol'-O-foot). See Cai'lts.

Holly [hol'-e). -

Hollyhock [hol'-e-hok) [AS., holihoc, hollyhock]. A
name given to the Alt/: a and other species of

thea.

Holmgren's Test. The worsted test for color-blind-
ness. < hie of the worsteds i- placed before the per-
son to he tested, ami he is asked t.> match it as nearly
as possible.

Holo- (hol'-o-) [8Aoc, entire]. A prefix signifying
entirety.

Holoblast [hoP '-o-blast) [8Aoc, whole; (iXaorSg, germ].
In biology, an ovum that undergoes complete seg-
mentation while germinating.

Holoblastic {hol-o-blas/-tik\ [5Aoc, whole; fthr-
germ]. In biology, applied to egg-, in which the
entire yolk i-. included in the process of segmentation ;
.me in which there' is no separate food-yolk.

Hologastrula (hol-o-gas'-tru-lah) [b'/.oc, whole; yac
stomach: //. , Hologastrulce~\. In biology, the gas-
trula resulting from the development of a holoblastic
ovum.

Holometabolian {hol-o-met-ab-of-le-ari). Same as //<>/«-
metabolic.

Holometabolic {Jiol-o-met-ab-oV '-ih) [<'?«<;, whole ;
. changeable]. In biology, applied to ani-
mals that undergo complete metamorphosis or trans-
formation, as insects.

Holonarcosis [hol-o-nar-ko* '-sis) [6^oc, complete ;
vapKuoig, stupor]. < 'omplete narcosis.

Holopathy [hol-oj/ -ath-e) [8Aof, entire ; iradog, disease].
I. A general or constitutional disease of which a local
disorder is but a manifestation. 2. The theory that
local diseases are manifestations of a general disorder.

Holophanerous {hol-o-fanf -er-its) [8foe, whole;
tpavep6g, visible]. In biology, discernible through-
out, as the transformation of insects.

Holophytic (hol-o-fit' -ik) [6Aoc, whole ; ovn'ir. plant].
In biology, applied to certain protozoa and other
animals that, in their mode of nutri tion, closely resemble
plants.

Holoplexia (hol-o-plehs'-e-ah) [j/loc, whole ; Tr/.iji-ig, a
stroke], i lomplete or general paralysis.

Holopneustic {hol-op-nu/ -stik)\ vihog, whole ; irvi voTiK&g,
tzve'iv, to breathe]. In biology, applied to such in-
sect Ian - many pairs of open stigmata, as
distinguished from those having no open stigmata,
apneustic larvae.

Holorhinal [hol-o-ri' '-nal) [aXog, whole; pig, the nose].
In biology, applied to the Gallina and other birds
having the anterior margin of the nasal bone con-
cave, wiih two cornua directed forward, the processes
being continuous behind with the body of the bone
and with ..in am >ther.

Holoschisis [hol-os' -kis-is) [''/<»/, whole; ax'ioig,
tvage]. Amitotic or indirect cell-division ; ami-
tosis.

Holosericeous [hol-o-ser-isf -e-tis) [5Aoc, whole ; mjpucSg,
ot silk]. In biology, covered with very minute silky
haii -.

HolosteOUS [hol-OS1 '-te-US\ [<</"'■, whole ; iinzinr. a
boi In biology, having a completely I y

skeleton.

Holostomatous (hol-o~sto'-mat-us) [<>/(«•, whole ; ardfia,
mouth]. In biology, having the mouth entire, neither
notched nor with parts missing.

Holostomous [hol-os'-to-mus). Same as Holostoma-

Holotetanus [hol-o-tef '-an-us) \b7j>g, whole; rkra
tetanus]. General tetanus ; called also Holotonia.

Ilni.ui HE( Al.

571

II' iMICIDE

Holothecal [hol-o-the' -kal\ [8Aoc, whole; 0*7/07, case].
In biology, booted; applied to birds in which the tar-
sal envelop is entire.

Holotomy \hol-ot' '-o-»n | ["/<», whole ; riftveiv, to cut].
1 'omplete surgical excision ol a part nr organ.

Holotonia, or Holotony (hol-o-to1 '-ne-aA, hol-ot'-o
[o'/or, entire; relveiv, to stretch]. Sam.' as Holotet-
dints.

Holotonic [hol-o-ton1 '-ik\ \b~Kog, entire; reiveiv, to
stretch]. Relating to, or characterized by, holoti t
any.

Holozoic (hol-o-zof-ifc) [8Aoc, wholi . an animal].

In biology, entirely resembling animals in mode of
nutrition.

Holthouse, Hernia of. See Hernia.

Holting {kdlt'-ing) [after Holt, the inventor of the
method]. The divulsion of an urethral stricture by
Holt's dilator.

Holtz Machine. A particular form of electro-static
induction-machine.

Homalocephalus {hom-al-o-sef -al-its) [wiu'/or, flat;
"//,, the head]. I.issauer's term for " tlat-
headed."

Homalocoryphus {kom-al-o-kor* '-if-us) [oua/6g, flat;
Kti/irtjr,, the head]. I.issauer's term tor a skull in
which the angle formed by two lines drawn from the
bregma and the occipital point to the highest point
above is between 1320 and 1420.

Homalogonatous [hom-al-o-gon'-at-us) [6/iaUg, even,
level; yovv, knee]. In biology, applied to such birds
as possess an accessory femoro-caudal muscle and a
tufted oil-gland and cocca ; the opposite of Anoma-
logonatous, in which this combination is never found.

Homalographic {kom-al-o-graf -i£) [bpaMg, same;
ypa<peiv, to write]. Pertaining to homolography. H.
Method, a method of showing the structure of the
body by means of plane sections of a frozen body.

Homalography {hom-al-og* -ra-j [6fia'A6g, level;

pdipsiv, to record]. Anatomy by sections ; the repre
sentation of structure by means of sketches of various
sections.

Homalometopus [hom-al-o-met -o'-pus) \bfixik6g, flat;
uf-t,>-nr, the space between the eyes]. Lissauer's
term for a skull having a frontal angle between 130.50
and 14 1°.

Homalopisthocranius [horn - al- o-pis-tho - kra'-ne-us)
[<>i<a?6c, flat; brciadev, behind ; upaviur, the skull].
Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed
by lines joining the external occipital protuberance
and the occipital point with the highest point of the
skull is between 1400 and 1540.

Homalosternal {kom-al-o-ster'-nal) [oua/.oc, even,
level ; aripvav, sternum]. Tn biology, having a raft-
like or keelless sternum ; ratite, as certain birds.

Homaluranus (kom-al-u-raf-nus\ [oua'/ur, flat; ovpd,
a tail]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the
angle formed by lines joining the occipital point and
the bregma with the highest point of the skull is
betwen 147.50 and l()3-5°-

Homatropin {hom-at'-ro-pin). See Atropin.

Homeo- {Ao/-me-o-) [o/noioc, like]. A prefix signifying
like or similar.

Homeobiophorid (ho-me-o-bi-off'-or-id') [b/ioiog, like;
< '" , life ; o.w).'/) , to bear]. In biology, Weismann's
name forthe lowest and most primitive undifferentiated
organism conceivable, having the form of a single
biophore, or of a number of similar biophores. in which
multiplication and transmission would occur together.
no special apparatus being required for the latter pro-
cess, as a reproduction by binary fusion must result
in two corresponding halves, each containing similar
biophores. and each of which, simply by the multipli-

cation of its unit-, is able to give risi to a compact
organism like' the parent. ' f. // (erobiopkorid.

Homeochronous (//» me-o&'-ro-nus) [b/iotog, like, simi-
lar; l/»'i'», time]. In biology, true ontogenetic
sequence ; appearance in proper order in time ; applied
lo animals, organs, or hereditary trait.-. H. Heredity,
I 1111111:4 to the appearance of an organ, trait, ten-
icy or function, whether psychologic, physiologic,
or pathologic, at a similar time of life in a series of
endants.

Homeodont {ho,-me-o-duiit\ [bjioiog, like ; 0th].

In biology, applied to ti eth that are simple cones.

Homeokinesis {ho-me-o-kin-e* -sis) [b/joiog, like; mvelv,
to move]. In biology, Weismann's term tor that kind
of nuclear division in which the two i"r-nuclei

contain similar idioplasm; i. e. nuclear divi
I riding upon a perfectly uniform distribution of the
pin lent and resulting in parts containing

similar hereditary tendencies. Cf. Heterokinesis.

Homeomerous {ho-me-oni' -er-us) [bfiotog, like; fiepog,
part]. In biology, having given organs or parts dis-
tributed uniformly throughout.

Homeomorphous {ho-me-o-mor' -fus) [bfioiog, like ;
, form]. Like or similar in form and structure.

Homeopathic [ho-me-o-path' '-//■) [o/Auor, like; ^uiior,
feeling]. Relating to homeopathy.

Homeopathist [home-op'-ath-ist\ [ufioiog, like ; TzaBog,
feeling], A practitioner of homeopathy.

Homeopathy [ho-me-op/-atk-e) [ouotor, like; -atinr,
ailment or disease]. A system of treatment of dis-
ease by the use of agents that, administered in health,
" would produce symptoms similar to those morbid
condition- for the relief of which the agent or medi-
cine is given." The hypothe-i- expressed by the
adage, " similia similibus curantur." See Regular
and Allopathy.

Homeoplasia (Jio-me-o-pla' -ze-ah) [bfiotog, like ;
kaclooeiv, to shape]. The growth of tissue resem-
bling the normal tissue, or matrix, in its form and
properties ; also the tissue so formed.

Homeoplastic {ho-me-o-plas'-tik) )iog, like;

-'/iinnr/r, to form]. Pertaining to a neoplasm re-
sembling its matrix-tissue in texture. < Ine differing
widely in this respect is heteroplastic. If separated
in position, it is said to be heterotopic; in date,
heterochronic.

Homeoplasty [hof-me-o-plas-te). See Homeoplasia.

Homeosis, or Homoiosis [ho-me-o* -sis , or /n>-///oi-o/-
sts) [dfioiuotg ; bfiotog, like]. The assimilation of
nutrient material.

Homeo-therapeutics {ho-me-o-ther-ap-u' '-tiks) [buoiog,
like; 6 ', to serve]. The homeopathic doc-

trine of therapeutics.

Homeothermal, or Homoiothermal [ho-me-o-therf -
nial, ho-moi-o-thcr' -m rl) [bfiotog, like; tiepfirf, heat].
Pertaining to animals that are " warm-blooded," or
that maintain a uniform temperature despite variations
in the surrounding temperature.

Homeozoic [ho-me-o-zo/-ik) [bfiotog, the same, similar;
fw^, life]. In biology, applied to geographic areas,
zones, or belts, having similar forms of life.

Homesickness {hotnf -sik-nes). Nostalgia. An urgent
desire tn return to one's home. It maybe accom-
panied by a morbid sluggishness of the functions of
the various organ- of the body, and may develop into
profound melancholy.

Homicidal 1 hom-is-i'-dal) [homo, a man; cadere, to
kill]. Pertaining to homicide. H. Mania, insanity
characterized by murderous impulses.

Homicide (hom'-is-id) [homo, a man ; ceedere, to kill].
The killing of a human being without malice or in-
tent, as distinguished from murder or manslaughter.

.IK I I II RE

II. >\l< ILI IGOUS

ther.

iculturc

: the human

m

the human

I the

!

une;
11 of one

.ocentrn

.
ter. H.

! or

. the

fishes in which the

the tail an

■ with n ■ the axis of

Homocerebrin . like;

a] \ substance derivable from brain-

rebrin, but more soluble

Homochromous 'nuts) [6u6g, the same;

:J. hi biology, all of one color, as the
. it an entire organism.
Homocinchonidin i . the

II \' ' ■ An alkaloid derived
:'<irk, one of the Cin-

Homodermic ■'■mil-) [.'>>/.<., the same;

.inj. In biology, of similar blastodermic

Homodesmotie t'-ik) \iuog , like ; deofi

[ual importance (as a

Homodont . the same ; 6i

. having th alike through-

Homodromous the une;

In biology, applied to plants in

.1 :nl of tl stem

tin' tughout.

odynamy [ the une ;

In bi rial homology ; ap-

titi - "i metameres)

.dy.

I i ■• >■ i thus beginning, see

ogamous . the same;

In b . ivmg all the florets

oc, mar
1 method of ev.

F th e varii ties, the in

rtile among themselves, but

ivitb the

ndityby

ipplied to

■

Ho

In biology: i

H

parent--; having a common ancestor, i. Oneof two
m- or organisms having a common ancestor or an
tral part. H., Ancestral, i. <-. , homogenetic homo
logues that do not arise similarly, though probably
ded from common ancestral part-./. .,.. the legs
,.i flies of diverse development. H., Developmen-
tal, .•. ,-. , homogenetic homologues that arise similarly,
whether descending from the same ancestral part or
not. .me of the cranial l>.me> ol a feleostean

and of a mammal.

Homogeneity [ho-m it ■ ) \6u6c, like :

kind]. The condition of being homogeneous.

Homogeneous [ko-mo-jef -ne-tts) [oudg, like; yivog,
kind]. Having the same nature or qualities. Sim
ilar .'i identical in structure. H. Immersion. See
Immersion. H. Triplets. See Homogeneous '/'wins.
H. Twins, in embryology, when the cleavage-force
is exerted to its fullest effect, the entire embryonal

trace i- completely divided ; each resulting part may

ill.- of independent development, whereby two
fetuses are produced remarkable for their great simi-
larity; such offspring are known as homogeneous
twins. They are always of the same sex and possess

almost | i lentity of physical characteristics. So

also may a secondary fission of one of the halves take
place, as an extremely rare occurrence, homogen
triplets resulting from such twofold division of the
original area. Such fetuses usually lie within asingle
chorion, enclosed by a separate or a common amni-
otic sac, the increased pressure arising from the
unusual contents oi the limited uterine cavity favoring
absorption and disappearance of the amniotic parti-
tions.

Homogenesis [ho-mo-jen' -es-is) [ouog, like ; yevvav,
to beget]. Univocal generation ; reproduction in
which a living parent gives rise to offspring that
pass through the same cycle of changes as itself.

Homogenization (ho-mo-jen-iz-a'-shun) [u/>6g, the
same; yewav, to produce]. The act or process of
rendering or of becoming homogeneous; reduction to
a common standard ; the process of rendering the
objects of microscopic study transparent and fixed.

Homogenous [ho-moj' -en-us) [6fi6c, the same;

race]. In biology, applied to structures that are
genetically related, in so far as they have a single
representation in a common ancestor.

Homogentisic Acid [hom-o-jen-tiz'-ik). See Acid.

Homogeny [ho-m \ [otwj i vfyc, of the same race or

iily]. In biology, an agreement among organisms
depending on the inheritance of a common part or
having a common ancestor. See Homogenesis.

Homogonous [ho-mog/ -on-us) \6fi6{ , similar ;

offspring]. In biology, having the stamens and pistils
alike in all the (lowers of the species ; homostyled.
< i. Heterogonous.

Homoio- [ho/ -moi-o-) . For words thus beginning, see
// »

Homoiosis [ho-moi-o,-sis). See Horn

Homologize [ho-mol'-o-jiz) [6u6g, the same; '/iynv, to
speak], tn biology: i. To recognize as homologous ;
2. To exhibit homology; to correspond in structure.

Homologous [ho-mol1 '-o-gus) \6u6g, the same; "Ktyeiv,
to speak]. In biology, corresponding in structure,
either directly or as referred i" a fundamental type. In
chemistry, being of the same chemic type or series;
differing by a multiple or an arithmetic ratio in certain

■ onstituents, while the physical qualities are analogous,
with small differences, as if corresponding to a series

■ .I parallels. H. Tissues, those identical in type of
structure. H. Tumor, a name given by Virchow to
a tumor consisting of tissue identical with that of the

oi whence it springs.

H< >M< ID >G1 I.

57:5

HOMO! Ill I'M

Homologue {hom'-o-log) \bfiAq, same; Myac, propor-
tion]. An homologous organ co ion to any number

• ■I species, classes, or orders ol animals; that which
has the same relative structure, position, or develop-
ment as another. I be -.1 rgan in different organ-
isms under every varietj "i form and function. We may
have: i. Homogenetic Homologues, i.e., p
which, on tin- evolutionary theory, have a genetic rela-
tion, ., the humerus of a horse and that of an ox.
2. Homoplastic Homologues, i. ,■., parts 1 losely
similar as to relative position, but with no genetic af-
finity, or only a remote on. , . , the ventricle of a hat

ami that of a bird.

Homogenetic Serial Homo-

logues, i.e., different pari individual, the

correspondence between which is to be accounted lor
by the influence of external conditions (the "sup
duced segmentation " of Mr. Herbert Spencei
the fore-limbs and hind limbs ol one side ol anj animal.
4. Vertical Homologues, /... dili rrespond-

ing parts of one individual, of which one part is dorsal,
the other ventral, e.g., dorsal and anal fins of certain
fishes. 5. Lateral Homologues, i. e.t different cor-
responding parts of one individual, of which one part
is right and the other left, e.g., the right and left arms
■ •la man. 6. Antero-posterior Homologues, i. e.,
different corresponding parts of one individual, of
which one part is anterior, the other posterior, e. g.,
the mouth and the cloaca. 7. Radial Homologues,
i.e., different corresponding parts of one individual
which radiate from a central axi-, . any two arms

on the same starfish. 8. Homotrophic Homologues,
/. e., parts of an individual, the correspondences be-
tween which are regarded as due to internal modifying
influences, e. g., the eyes and the ears. 9. Actinol-
ogous Homologues, i. e. , successive subdivisions,
parts, or regions of a part or segmented organ,
two successive joints of an antenna of a lobster, or
the vertebral and sternal parts of the same costal ele-
ment. 10. Special Homologues, i. ,-., part- of two
organisms belonging to the sam ial skeletal cate-

gory, e.g., the basi-occipital of man and the cod. II.
General Homologues, i. e., parts of two organisms
belonging to the same general skeletal category, e.
the vertebral center of man and that of the cod, or the
lateral appendages of the lobster and those of the scor-
pion. (Mivart.)

Homology [ho-tnoV -o-je) \_6p6Q , same ; Mjoq, proportion].
The quality of being homologous ; also, the morpho-
logic identity of parts or organs in different animals.
In biology, a term introduced by R. * fwen to indicate
a close resemblance between pans, depending upon
relations of relative position. (Mivart.)

Homomalous [ho-tnom' '-al-us\ [S/iaAor, even, level,
equal]. In biology, applied to parts or organs that
are all turned to one side.

Homomorphism (ho-mo-mor'-fizm) \6fi6g, the same;
uoptyf}, form]. In biology, superficial resemblance,
without true homology; mimicry or adaptive resem-
blance.

Homomorphous {ho-mo-mor' -fus) [<Wc, the same ;
fioptyfl, form]. In biology, exhibiting superficial
resemblance, but not truly homologous.

Homonomous (ko-mon'-o-mus) \J>u6q, same ; vd/iog,
law]. Governed by or under the same law.

Homonym Uiom' '-o-nim) [6fi6a, same; bwfia, name].
That which is homonymous.

Homonymous {Ao-mon'-im-tts) [oum\ same; bwua,
a name]. 1. A term applied to names that have the
same sound or pronounciation, but different meanings.
J. Coming under the same general designation
(thus the two external recti muscles are homony-
mous) ; occurring on or within the same lateral half

of the body; not heteronomous. H. Diplopia,

urs when the image seen by the right
be on ih« righl side and that seen by the lefl 1
to be on the left side. H. Hemianopia, vhen

all points in the visual field of 1 lying to

right (Right H. H.j or to the left (Left H. H.
the fixation point are not seen.

Homophthalic Acid [h m-off-tkaP-ik). See Acid.

Homophthalimid [Aom-off-thaP-im-id) [6/161

-.'//"», '-ye ; /w/./j,' ,,II-\i >, A substance produced
when the- ammonium salt of homophthalic acid i-
heated. It crystallizes in minute needles, melting at
23 ,

Homophyadic [ho-mo-fi-ad' '-ik) [ouor, the same;
odcu, to grow]. In biology, having but one kind
of stem, as distinguished from

Homophyly [ho-moff' -il-e) \_6fi6q, the sami

race]. In biology, correspondence in genetic rela-
tionshi]

Homoplasis (ko-mo-pla' '-sis) [>',un< , the same ; -

formed]. In biology, I. an! rm foi -tructural

agreement or modification resulting from the action of
identical or nearly similar forces or environments on
two or more parts of an organism, or on two organ 1
which parts are exactly or nearly alike, or perhaps
homogenetic. The same as the " superinduced
mentation " of Spencer.

Homoplasmic [ho-mo-plazr -mik). Same -as Homo-
plastic.

Homoplasmy {hof -mo-plaz-mi ) [6/t6g, the same ;
7r/ur7iHi , a thing moulded]. In biology, homoplastic
or homomorphic, I. e. , showing mimetic resemblances.

Homoplast [ho,-mo-plast) \ofi6c, the same ; rr'/aaror,
formed, moulded]. In biology ; I. 1 Ineol any aggregate
orfusionof plastids. 2. An organ or part showing mere
superficial or mimetic resemblance to another.

Homoplastic {ko-mo-plas/ -tik) \&(i6c, the same; -

tned]. In biology, -bowing close agreement, de-
pendent upon the common action of evoking cau-es
or moulding environment upon homogeneous parts,
on parts that, for other reasons, offer a likeness of
material to begin with. (Lankester.)

Homoplasy (//o'-wn/^c-c) [6/ioc, the same ; 77/aair, a
forming, moulding]. In biology, agreement in the
form, structure, and perhaps function, of organs or
puts in the same or separate organisms, dependent
upon evoking causes other than genetic affinity.

Homopterous(/;i)-/«(>//-/[r-/M \6fi6g, the same ; kt
wing, feather]. In biology, applied to insects having
wings of the same texture throughout.

Homorgan (kurii'-or-gaji) [0/16$, the same ; bpyavov,
organ]. In biology, an organ resembling another ; a
homopl

Homosexual (ko-mo-seks'-u-al) \_0116r, same ; s
sex]. Pertaining to the same sex.

Homosexuality [ho-mo-seks-u-aP -it-e) [o«o?, same;
sexualis, of a sex]. That form of sexual perversion,
acquired or congenital, in which the individual con-
ceives a violent sexual passion for one -ame
-ex, and gratifies it either by sodomy, by titillation, or
platonically.

Homosporous {ho-mosr -por-us) \bfi6c, similar: <wi
seed]. In biology, producing but one kind of spores ;
isosporous.

Homostyled {ho1 '-mo-stild) \0p6c, the same; or*
pillar]. See H us.

Homothermic [ho-tno-ther4 '-mik) [o//of , same ; dipur/,
heat]. Having uniformity of temperature or bodily
heat.

Homothermous (ho-mo-thcr'-mui) \6fi6q, the same;
///, heat]. In biology, applied to animals showing
the same degree of bodily heat.

lb >\1< >T< >NI<

1 1« >K l/« IN 1 Al

Homotonic

Homotopia
HomotO] v

A til,

:i or

tructural >nd-

i.il en\ 11

-

i .trophcs. . • tr phic

□ which is
thumb a stra

ly. J. Ver-
I lomotrophc homoloj

Lateral Homo-
oi the two
I ght and li
Antcro-posterior Homotrophes, »*. ?., homo-

| ~: riorly.

.otroph;. the same .

itrophy.
Homotrophic Homologues, .. . . parts of an

:i which are
lying influences, e. g. ,

.
• ]. In , relations of growth ;

rather than ex-

Homotropou thesame;

turn]. ••!" the embryo when curved

Homotypc in].

milar to another part, as
■ logue, or an

.otypic hi. ; rhirog,

rrespondence or

- Homotypic.
i form].

aunculua [I.., dim. of homo,

arf.
iuras Bark See Cascara

H.-
berry. H.-comb. tructure

that they
H.-comb Glands. Hand. H.-

rnb Ringworm H.-cyst.

H.-dew, ■ liquid by

niL,r the

Hill,

mawkish,
rk a- molas-

imore.

H.

: I A ional

- I I
H. -bound, in far-

riery, having a dryness and contraction of the hoof,
ilting in pain and lameness. This condition is
■ i ailed i
Hook [Ml . ' '.-. a hook] A curved instrument. See
Hamus. H., Blunt, an instrument described bj its
name, t ising traction upon the fetus in an ar-

breech-presentation. H., Tyrrel's, a blunt,
.slender hook for operations upon the eye.
Hooke's Law. See /

Hooper's Pill. A pill containing aloes, crystallized
sulphate >>( iron, extract of hellebore, myrrh, soap,
ill. i. and ginger.
Hooping-cough ' ing-kawf). See Pertussis.

Hoose (/zee:) [Ml . rse] Sheep-cough. A

disease of sheep, lambs, etc., due to the presence of
Strongylus filaria, a nematode worm, in the lungs and
air passages under Parasites, Animal), and

characterized by a husky cough, anorexia, dry muzzle,
constipation, and dyspnea.

Hoove, Hooven [hoo ''-en) [dial., hooveri\. Dis-

tention of the stomach of a ruminant animal with
gas, caused by the fermentation "i food, It is gen-
to eating too much green food.

Hop. See Hamulus.

Hope's Camphor-mixture. A mixture containing nitric
acid, camphor water, and tincture of opium. It is
used in the treatment of serous or choleraic diarrheas.

Hopea (ko-pe'-ati) [after John Hope, a Scotch botanist].
A genus of dipterocarpaceous trees of S. Asia.
Several species afford resins known in commerce as
Dammar. Unof.

Hopein (ho-pe'-in). See Hamulus.

Hoppe-Seyler's Method. A method of preparing
hemoglobin crystals. Mix defibrinated blood with ten
volumes of a 20 per cent, salt-solution, and allow it
to stand for two days. Remove the clear upper fluid
with a pipet, wash the thick deposit of blood-cor-
puscles with water, and shake it for a long time with
an equal volume of ether, which dissolves the blood-
les. Remove the ether, filter the lake-colored
blood, add to it one-fourth of its volume of cold
alcohol (o°C.) and allow the mixture to stand in the
! for several days. 'The crystals can be collected
' hi a filter and pressed between folds of bibulous paper.

Hordeiform [hor-de' '-if-orni) [hordeum, barley ; forma,
form]. Shaped like a grain of barley.

Hordein (//./' ,/' in) [hordeum, barley]. A mixture of
a proteid with starch-cellulose; it exists in barley-
starch, but is not soluble.

Hordeolum {hor-de* -o-lum) [hordeum, a grain of bar-
ley], A stye ; a furuncular inflammation of the
connective tissue of the lids, near a hair-folli( le.
H., External, //. zeissianum ; one produced by sup-
puration of one of Zeiss' s glands. H., Internal, //.
meibomianum ; one produced by suppuration of out;
of tin- Meibomian glands. H. meibomianum. See
//. , Internal. H. zeissianum. See H.. External.

Hordeum [hor'-de-um) [L.]. Barley, q. 7\ H.
decorticatum, barlej deprived of its husk; com
monly called pearl barley. H. germinatum, malt.
Also, one of several granular elevations described by
Spitzka on the floor of the fourth ventricli .

Horehound [hor'-hownd). See Marrubium.

Horizon i ' [ < uv, horizon], i. The line sep-

iting the visible from the invisible part of the earth
from a single point of view. 2. In craniometry, a
line thai ' - around the skull, touching the lower

border of the orbital cavities and passing through
the auricular p. »ints.

Horizontal i a' -la!) [bpiruv, the horizon], 1'ar-

:1 to the horizon. H. Posture. See Postures,
'J 'able of.

HORLICK'S FOOD

575

HOT

Horlick's Food. A variety of Liebig's food n in
fants. Its composition is: Water, 3.39; fat, 0.08;
grape-sugar, 34.99; cane-sugar, 12.45; "" starch;
soluble carbohydrates, 87.20; albuminoids, 6.71 ; ash,
I.28.

Hormion [hor'-me-on) [dp/ty, the first]. See Cranio-
metric Points.

Hormogone, Hormogon {hor> '-mo-gon). Same as Hor-
mogonium.

Hormogonium [hor-mo-go'-ne-um) \bpftoq, a cord,
chain; y&voq, offspring : //., Hormogonia\ . In biol-
ogy, a short, moniliform reproductive body, found in
the Nostocs.

Horn [ME., horn, horn]. The hard projection, used
as a defensive weapon, growing on the heads ol 1
tain animals. Horns may be permanent, as in the ox ;
or deciduous, as in tin deer. Also, the hardened
epithelial substance of which the horn is composed.
H., Cutaneous. See Cornu cutaneum. H. -blende,
a common mineral, occurring massive or in prismatic
crystals, of various colors, from white, through green
shades, to black. It is a -ilicate of lime, magnesia,
or iron. It is sometimes used in the manufacture of
porcelain teeth for shading the body or enamel. H.-
distemper, a disease of cattle affecting the core of the
horn. H.-pock. See Warty Smallpox. H.-pox,
a variety of varicella in which the lesions resemble
papules. See also Warty Smallpox.

Horner's Mixture. See Red Mixture. H.'s Muscle.
See Muscles, Table of.

Horny (Jiom'-e) [ME., horn, horn]. Composed of,
or resembling, horn. H. Band of Tarinus, a band
ol white fibers running between the optic thalamus
and the corpus striatum. See Band. H. Epithelium.
See Trachoma.

Horologic [hor-o-lojf -ik) [upo/U5yoc, lit., telling the
hour]. In biology, applied to such flowers as open or
shut at certain hours.

Horological [hor-o-lof '-ik-al). Same as Horologic.

Horopter {hor-op/ -ter) [8poc, boundary; birri/p, an ob-
server]. The sum of all the points seen singly by the
two retinae while the fixation-point remains stationary.
" A circle passing through the center of rotation of
each eye and through the apex of the point of fixation
of the visual lines." 1 Mueller.) "A line representing
the curve along which both eyes can join in sight."

( A e.

Horopteric [hor-op-ter1 '-ik) [opog, boundary ; brrri/p,
observer]. Pertaining to an horopter.

Horrida cutis (Jior'-id-ak ku'-tis) [L.]. Goose-skin.
( utis anserina.

Horripilation [kor-ip-il-a' 'shun) \horrere, to stand on
end; pilus, the hair]. A sensation as if the hairs of
the skin were stiff and erect.

Horripilator [hor-ip-il-a' -tor). Same as Arrector pili.

Horrors (hor^-orz) [horror, a shaking, terror]. A popular
name for Delirium tremens, </. v.

Horse [hors) [ME., /tors, a horse]. A member of the
genus Equus ; a domestic beast of burden. H.-
chestnut. See Aisculus hi mum. H.-

chestnut bark, the bark of the hoi stnut [ALscu-

lus kippocastanum), said to be used in leather-manu-
factures for the production of an extract under the
simple name of chestnut extract. H. -distemper,
influenza. H. -doctor, a farrier ; a veterinary surgei in.
H. -drench, a dose of physic for a horse. H.-foot.
See Talipes equinus. H. -leech, a large leech, the
Haemopis of Southern Europe and Northern Africa;
also a horse-doctor. H. -power. See Unit. H.-pox. 1.
A pustular disease of horses, which, communicated to
cows, produces cow pox. It is also called pustular
grease. 2. See Coitus Disease. H. -radish, the fresh

root of ('■•■'•■/earii! artnoracia, with properties due to
a volatile oil. It i- stimulant, diureti , ally

am it, and is much used as a condiment, i

of die lid. ext. J5J— ij. Armoraciae, Spt., Comp.
B.P 1. Dosi g ij. H.-shoe Fistula, a name ap-
plied to a fistulous track surrounding the rectum in a
-< mi. in le, either in front or behind. H.-shoe Hy-
men. See Hymen. H.-shoe Kidney, the union of

the lower ends ol the two kidney-. SO that they appear

to form asingle organ ol a form somewhat like that of
a horse-shoe. H. -sickness. SeeAnthrax. H.-tail.
Equisetum. H.-weed. See Collinsonia cana-
densis.
Horsikin {hor'-sik-in [Ml . hors, a horse]. A model
I mi teaching the anatomy and surgery ol the
hoi

Horsley's Method. A method of determining the
position of the fissure oi Rolando. It i- < arried out by
ueans of an instrument made to encircle the le
and having an arm fixed at an angle of 67°, which
indicates tin- position of the fissure. H.'s Test.
See Tests, Table of.

Horst's Eye-water. Collyrium adstringens luteum.
An eye-solution prepared as follow.-: Take of
ammonium chlorid.^o centigrams, and zinc sulphate,
I25 centigram-, dissolve in 200 gram- of distilled
water, and add a solution of 40 centigrams of cam;
in 20 grams of dilute alcohol, and 10 centigrams of
saffron. Digest for 24 hour- with frequent agitation,
and filter.

Hospital [hos'-pil-ai) \hospitale, a large house]. A
building for the care and treatment of sick or infirm
people. H. Fever, a feverish condition formerly
common in hospitals, due to ill-ventilation and un-
sanitary condition-. Al-o, the fever symptomatic of
gangrene. Also, a synonym of Typhus . See

/ ver. H. Gangrene, a contagious, phagedenic
gangrene occasionally attacking wounds or open sores.
It is confined mainly to military hospitals, and is of
mil robic origin.

Hospitalism [hos* ' -pit-al-izm) \hospitale, a large house].
The morbific influence arising from the gathering of
diseased persons in a hospital, a condition that seem-
to have a tendency to produce septic di-eases.

Hospitalization [hos-pit-al-iz-a' -shun) pi tale, a

large house]. Confinement in a hospital for treat-
ment.

Hospitalomania [hos-pit-al-o-ma'-ne-ah ) [hespita/e, a
large house : madness]. A mania for founding

or visiting hospitals.

Host [host) [hostis, a stranger, a landlord]. The or-
ganic body upon which parasites live.

Hot [ME., hot, hot]. Having or yielding the sensa-
tion of heat; stimulating; biting. H.-air Bath.
See Bath. H.Bath. SeeBath. H. -blanket Pack,
a rubber sheet and one or two woolen blankets are
placed upon the bed. A heavy woolen blanket is
wrung out of water at IIO° I'., spread upon the dry
blanket, the patient placed upon it and wrapped with
it like a mummy. The dry blankets and rubber sheet
are wrapped over this, and the patient i- allowed to
n main in this pack from half an hour to two hours.
It is useful in suppression of urine. Hot-box, Jap-
anese, a device for applying dry heat to a part. H.
Drops, the Tinctura capsici et myrrha, N. I . ; they
useful in many painful conditions of the stomach
and bowels, when there is no inflammation or organic
di-ea-e; it i- called also " number six. " H. Eye,
I lutchinson's term for a persi-tent hyperemia of the
conjunctiva seen in gout. H. -spots. See Tempera-
tur H. Wet-pack, instead of wringing the

linen sheet out of cold water, as in the Wet-pack, it

H<>1 1 I.N l« '1 API

the

.villi

H -
il than Mm

form ol
iften due to
ins.
wer part

ives and root

■
- I nof.

uraction.

use]. In b

ol

H.-
Knee. H. -physician,

ital. H. -refuse, the
i animal and vegetable,
il fr .111 ,i ho
il enter the drains. H.-sur-
gcc:-. lospitai.

H V. lives. I Is ol in i

rectum. llnv arc din
■ Muscle. - of.

ind
H., Plexus of.
.
H '/.

H Lacunae, nr Pits. ir shallow

i at times quite

irption, at

ilar surfa<

aination.

rger and

itly multinuci

Alcoholic Carmin.
H s Cann H.'s Solution.

>nokin m fluanu >, a place-

to lie

' Food. \ f farina.

1 1 ion :
' sugar,

Iral . i

11 Did

Hv:

•port the

Hs Method, a

tion

holic

pitated is til
the

HUMMING 1< IP Ml KM! R

filtrate ; the proportions of the filtrate, acid, and ether
are respectively ioo, 5, and 30. The mixture is
shaken and allowed to remain some hours, when crys
tals form, which are then collected 0D a filter, washed
with water holding HC1 and ether in solution, and
dried in the air. bJj recrystallization the crystals are
obtained perfectlj colorless.

Hufeland's Cerate. A preparation used in treating sore
nipples. It consists ol zinc oxid and lycopodium each
J part-, simple cerate 30 parts.

Hughes Bennett's Diuretic. A diuretic mixture em
ployed in chronic nephritis, composed of pulverized
potassium acetate, Z drams; sweet spirit of niter,
half an ounce; water sufficient to make two ounces ;
dram of this is given thi daily.

Huguier's Canal. See (<i/i<//. H.'s Disease. See
Jh H.'s Glands, two small glands

opening into the vagina.

Huingan [whin'-gan) [S. Amer.]. The seed of a
plant [Duvarra dependent) native to the Andes. The
infusion is used in urinary affections. Unof.

Human [hu'-man) \humanus, human]. Pertaining to
or characteristic of man. H. Dolphin, a monster
with complete union of the lower limbs. H. Milk,
mother's milk. It derives its origin from an over-
growth of epithelial cells lining the lactiferous ducts,
with infiltration with fat, and subsequent rupture. Its
specific gravity is 1024-55, its reaction alkaline. Each
minute fat-globule is surrounded by a pellicle of
serum-albumin. The chemical composition of human
milk is as follows: —

Meigs. Vogel. Gautrelet.

Water 8; 89.5 88.1

Fat 4.283 3.5 4.0

Casein, 1.046 20 2.2

Sugar, 7-407 4.8 5.2

Ash 0.101 0.17 0.5

Humation [hu-maf -shuti) \humore, to inter]. Inter-
111 nt ; inhumatii n.

Humboldt Blue. Same as Spirit-blue.

Hume's Test. See Tests, Tabl

Humectant {hu-mek' '-tant) \humectare, to make moist],
I. Moistening; like a poultice ; diluent. 2. A diluent ;
a substance used to moisten.

Humeral (hu'-mer-al) [humerus, the shoulder]. Per-
taining to the humerus.

Humeren {hu'-mer-eri) [humerus, the shoulder]. Be-
longing to the humerus in itself.

Humero- [hut -tner-o- ) [humerus, the shoulder]. A pre-
nifying relationship with the shoulder. H.-
cubital, relating to the humerus and the ulna. H.-c.
Amputation, amputation at the elbow joint. H.-
radial, relating to the humerus and the radius. H.-
scapular, relating to the humerus and the scapula.
H.-s. Amputation, amputation at the shoulder-joint.
H. -ulnar, relating to the humerus and the ulna.
H.-u. Amputation, amputation at the elbow-joint.

Humerus [hu'-mer-us) [L.]. The bone of the upper
arm, Also, the shoulder.

Humid [hu'-mid) \humidus, moist]. Moist; damp.
H. Tetter. See Eczema.

Humidity {hit-mid' '-it-e) [humor, moisture]. The state
or quality of being moist. H., Absolute, the actual
amount of water present in the air at any moment,
regardless of saturation. H., Relative, the relative
amount of water present in air which is not saturated,
■ mpared to what the air should contain at the ex
ng temperature were its condition that of saturation.

Humifuse [hu'-mif-us) \humus, tin- ground; fun
to pour]. In biology, spread over the surface oi the
ground.

Humming-top Murmur or Sound. See Bruit de
diable.

HUMOR

577

II V ALGID

Humor [hu'-mor or u'-mor) [I..]. Any fluid or semi-
fluid part of the body. H., Aqueous, tlie ti i
parent Quid that fills the anterior chamber of tlie eye.
H., Crystalline. See Lens, Crystalline. H., Vitre-
ous, the transparent gelatin-like substance tilling the
posterior chamber of the eye.

Humoral \hu' mor-al) [humor, moisture]. Pertain-
ing Id the natural fluids of the body. H. Pathol-
ogy, an obsolete theory that all diseases result from
a disordered or abnormal condition of the fluids or
humors of the body.

Humoralism {hu'-mor-al-izm), or Humorism (fiu'-
mor-izm). Same as Humoral Pathol

Humoralist \hu' '-mor-al-ist) [humor, moisture]. The
name given to one who was an advocate of the
supreme importance of the blood in the processes of
health and disease.

Humoro-vitalism [hut '-tno-ro-vi' '-tal-izm | [humor,
moisture ; vita, life]. The obsolete belief that the
fluids of the body are the seat of life.

Humpback [hump" -bak\. See Kyphosis.

Humulin {ku'-mu-lin) [hamulus, hop], I. The same
as Lupulin. 2. A concentrated preparation from
the tincture and decoction of hops. Unof.

Humulus yhu'-mu-lus) [I.. : gen., Humuli\. Hop. The
strobiles of //. lupulus. It contains various principles,
hopein and lupulin being the most important. It is a bit-
ter stomachic tonic and feeble hypnotic, increasing the
cardiac action. A poultice of hops is a favorite remedy
for painful conditions and in inflammations. H., In-
fusum, unof., Jss-Oj. Dose ^ j— iv. H., Tinct., 20
per cent, in strength. Dose 3J-ij. Lupulinum, the
gl mdular powder. Dose gr. v-xv. L., Ext. (B. P.)
Do;e gr. v-x. L., Fid. Ext., alcoholic. Dose tr^x-
_^j. L., Oleoresina, ethereal. Dose gr. ij-v. L.,
Tinct., unof., strength 12^ per cent. Dose gss-ij.

Humus (hu'-mus) [L., the earth, ground, soil]. Vege-
table mold. It contains ulmin and ulmic acid, humin
and humic acid. H. Pigments, certain pigmentary
bodies of a more or less dark-brown color, produced
when carbohydrates are treated with acids or alkalies.
When urine is treated with acids in the presence of oxy-
gen, it becomes darker from the formation of some of
these humus-pigmented substances by the action of
the acids on the carbohydrates.

Hunchback (hunch'-bak). See Kyphosis.

Hungarian (hung-ga/-re-an) [Hungaria, Hungary].
Pertaining to Hungary. H. Balsam, or H. Tur-
pentine, a thin turpentine from the branches of
Piiius pumilio. H. Disease. Synonym of Typhus
Fever.

Hungary Blue. Same as Cobalt-blue.

Hunger {hungt-ger) [ME., hunger, hunger]. A con-
dition marked by a sensation of emptiness of the
stomach, with intense desire for food. H.-cure. See
Nestiatria. H.-pest. Synonym of Relapsing Fever,
q. v. H. -typhus. Synonym of Relapsing Fever, q. -•.

Hunter, Canal of. See Canal. H.'s Line. See Lines,
'1 able of. H.'s Method, a method of treating aneur-
ysm by ligating the artery on the proximal side of the
sae.

Hunterian Chancre. See Chancre.

Huntingdon's Chorea. Hereditary Chorea. An affec-
tion characterized by irregular movements, disturbance
of speech, and gradual dementia. It is frequently
hereditary, is associated with psychic troubles, and
occurs between the thirtieth and fortieth years. The
disease has no connection with Sydenham's Chorea.
See Chorea, Hereditary , and Diseases. Table of.

Huntsman's Cup. See Trumpet Plant.

Hunyadi Janos [hun-yah'-de] [from the name of the
Hungarian national hero, otherwise called [ohn Cor-
37

vinus\ An aperient mineral water from Buda-Pesth,
in Hungary. It is an effective laxative or cathartic.
It should be taken in the quantity of from a half to
one wineglassful, fasting.

Hura [ku'-raK) [S. Amer.]. A genus of poisonous
euphorbiaceous trees of tropical America. H. bra-
siliensis, H. crepitans, and H. strepens, are the
best known species. They have the general a
pustulant, and cathartic properties of nearly all
phorbiaceous plants. Unof.

Huschke, Auditory Teeth of. Nipple-like projections
along the free border of the labium vestibulare of the
ear. H., Canal of. See Canal. H., Foramen of.
See Foramen. H., Valve of, the fold of mucous
membrane at the point where the common canal
formed by the junction of the canaliculi enters the
lachrymal sac.

Husky (hus'-he) [E. dial., hasky, rough, dry]. Harsh,
rough, as the voice.

Hutchinson's Lotion. A lotion used in the treatment of
eczema. It has the following composition: Liquor
plumbi subacetatis, ^ ounce ; liquor carbonis deter-
gentis, 2y2 ounces. Of this one teaspoonful is mixed
with a pint of water, and used as a lotion. H.'s
Patch. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. H.'s
Teeth, a notched or furrowed condition of the free
edges of the permanent teeth, especially the central
incisors of the upper jaw, due to inherited syphilis.
See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. H.'s Treat-
ment. See Treatment, Methods of. H.'s Trio of
Symptoms. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.

Huttoning {hut'-on-ing ) [after Hutton, the inventor].
A method of manipulating a luxated joint, introduced
by one Hutton, a bone-setter.

Huxham's Tincture. See Cinchona.

Huxley's Angle. See Angle. H.'s Layer, Mem-
brane, or Sheath, a layer of nucleated, elongated,
polygonal cells lying within Henle's layer of the inner
root-sheath of hairs.

Huygenian Ocular {hi-je'-ne-ari). See Ocular.

Huygens, Theory of. The undulatory theory of light.

Hyalin {hi'-al-in) [wiKoc, glass]. A translucent sub-
stance, called also canalized fibrin, that sometimes
occurs in miliary tubercle. Also, the membrane or
sac forming the walk- of hydatid cysts. Also, a substance
found in echinoderms and other invertebrates. Its
centesimal formula is, C =45.3 to 44. 1; H = 6.5to
6.7; N = 5.2to4.5; 0 = 43 to 44.7.

Hyaline {ki'-al-iri) [va?.or, glass]. Resembling glass
in transparency. H. Cartilage. See Cartilage. H.
Cast, or Cylinder, a clear, nearly transparent urinarv
tube-cast. H. Degeneration, a degeneration of
fibrous tissue, which becomes transparent, jelly-like, and
homogeneous in structure.

Hyalinosis {hi-a!-in-of-sis) [ia/.og, glass]. Hyaline or
waxy degeneration.

Hyalinuria {hi-al-in-u'-re-aJi) [ycihoc , glass ; ovpoy,
urine]. The presence of hyalin in the urine.

Hyalitis {hi-al-i'-tis) [vu'/.oc, glass ; itic, inflammation].
Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane. It is also
used as a synonym of inflammation of the vitreous
humor.

Hyalogen (hi-al'-o-jcn) [ia/.or, glass ; yewav, to pro-
duce]. One of the albuminoids found in cartilage ;
it i> readily changed into hyalin, whence the name.

Hyaloid (hi'-al-oid) [cn'/nr, glass; elSoc, form].
Transparent ; like glass. H. Artery, in the embryos
a branch of the arteria centralis retinas, traversing the
vitreous humor to the posterior capsule of the lens.
It- hyaloid sheath forms the Canal t. Per-

sistence of this artery after birth has been observed.
H. Membrane, a delicate, transparent membrane

HYAL< » 1 1 » I I IS

HYDRAXGIOl i m,v

.^ humor, except in I'

.'i 1 I. .tin

• l

i the
i living
mym ol

1 ["he . "i

iwn hybrid.

H '■'

g ; mixture of i

. a mongrel ;

■

[4N,0,. Glycol

hot water and fi

ah ■ and have a

•
iarthros: . Si .'.' arthrosis.

atcnterocele >, water;

i J. Hydrocele with in-

|. A ( jrst with
by the larva of a tenia, Echi-
small tapeworm,
a. in it> adu la) con-

infest tii id the wolf,

e in

principal forms I

ius, endogenous,

fi iund in

in the lower animi

|uently ': d in the

hu: third kind being found only in

■ lima! ), Table
lently, also, loosely applied to
many kinds. Hydatids
ap ind in almost

H. Disease, a disi
irious portioi

vary according to the

H. Fremitus, a mod'

illy obtained on palpating

I palm of one hand

lor>nm witli the

mor or thrill

ndi-
provided with a
H. Mole.

H.of Morgagni.

I tie- lie

H. Tapeworm.

atidiform hydatid;

n] " .iid!

H Degeneration of the
.' cular Mole. See .1/,,/,.

Hydatidocele (ki-dat-id'-o-sll) [ydarii . hydatid ; xftq,
tumor]. Oscheocele with hydatid cysts.

Hydatidoma (hi-dat-id o'-mali) [wfaric, hydatid; 6/ta,
a tumor]. Any hydatid cyst or tumor.

Hydatidosis [hi-dat-id-o' '-sis) [v6arig, hydatid]. The
condition oi being affected with hydatids.

Hydatogenesis {hi-dat-o-jen/ -es-is) [idap, water;
production]. The formation of water within
the tissues oi cavities of the body.

Hydatoncus lhi-dat-ong,-ktts) [vSup, water; oynog, i
tumor]. Any cyst, or watery tumor.

Hydatorrhea [hi-dat-or-e/-ah) [iidup, water; poia,
flow]. A copious flow of water.

Hydatotherapy [hi-dat-o-ther,-ap-e). See Hydro-
thei

Hyderabad Commission. See Anesthetic.

Hydnocarpus [hid-no-kar/ -pus) [vdvov, mushroom ;
. liuit ]. A genus of poisonous bixaceous trop-
ical trees. H. (or Gynocardia) anthelminthicus,
is anthelmintic and useful in skin-diseases. H.
inebrians and H. wightianus have similar uses.
L'nof.

Hydracetin Uii-dras' -et-in) [bdpa, a water-serpent],
C61I ,N .,1 I ,(< J I .,' » !. A derivative of coal-tar and a
powerful antipyretic and antirheumatic; its use,
however, is attended with danger. Dose gr. ^ to ij.
An ointment t io per cent.) is recommended in pso-
riasis. L'nof.

Hydracid Uii-dras' -id) [vtiup, water; acidum, acid].
A term sometimes used in chemistry to denote an
acid formed by a combination of hydrogen and some
acid element or radicle other than oxygen. Hydro-
chloric acid, HC1, and hydrogen or hydric sulphid,
I I.,S, are examples.

Hydradenitis Chi-drad-en-i'-tis) [idap, water; aSf/v,
gland; irtq, inflammation]. I. Same as Hidrosad-
enitis. 2. Lymphadenitis. H. destruens sup-
purativa. See Hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa.

Hydradenoma [hi-drad-en-o'-md). Same as Hidrad-
enoma.

Hydrsemia {Jii-dre'-me-aK). See Hydremia.

Hydraeropericardium [hi-drah-e-ro-per-ik-ar^-de-uni)
[iidup, water; d^p, air; Trept, around; xapdia, heart].
The presence of fluid and gas in the pericardium.

Hydraeropleuria i hi-drak-e-ro-plu,-re-ah)\y&ap, water;
iiiij), air; irXevpa, side]. Same as Hydropneutnothorax.

Hydragogue [hi' -drag-og) [vdup, water; ayuyoQ,
leading]. I. Expelling water. 2. A purgative that
causes copious liquid alvine discharges.

Hydramin [hir -dram-in) [iidup, water ; amin\ Any
one of the oxyethyl bases produced by the action of
aqueous ammonia upon ethylene oxid, The hydra-
mins are thick, strongly alkaline liquids, that decom-
pose upon distillation.

Hydramnios Uii-dramf -ne-os) [idap, water ; in/nor,
fetal membrane]. An abnormal amount of amniotic
fluid.

Hydrangea {hi-dran'-je-ah) [vdup, water; ayyeiov,
elj. A genus of saxifragaceous shrubs. Therool
of H. arborescensis, much used by the Chen
Indians for calculi in the bladder, is said to be of

utility. Dose of the liquid extract Jss-ij; of

a decoction §j-ij. Unof.

Hydrangeion [hi-dran' '-je-ori) [iidup, water, lymph;
: //., Hydrangeia\. A lymphatic
»el.

Hydrangeitis [hi-dran-je-i' '-tis) [iidup, water ; ayyeiov,
a vessel ; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lym-
phatic 1 ; lymphangitis.

Hydrangiology {hi-dran-je-ol* -o [iidup, water; ",

ience]. The science of the
are, function,, and diseases of the lymphatics.

1IYDRANTII

i79

JJ\ DRASTIS

Hydranth (hi'-dranth ) \ySpoc, hydra ; avOoc, flower].

In biology, the proper nutritive zooid of the Hy-

drozoa.
Hydrargism [hi-drar1 '-gizm) . See Mercurialism.
Hydrargyria [hi-drar-jir,-e-aK\. See Mercurialism.
Hydrargyriasis Uii-drar-jir-i' -as-is\. See Mercurial'

I Sill .

Hydrargyrism (hi-drar' ' -jir-izm). See Mercurialism.

Hydrargyromania (hi-drar-j'ir o ma' ne-ah) [idpAp-
r ioi . mercury ; fiavla, madness]. Insanity due to
the unwise use of mercury.

Hydrargyrophobia [hi-drar-jir-o-fo' '-ie-ah) [<
yvpog, mercury; pdfiog, fear]. Morbid dread of mer-
curial medicines.

Hydrargyrophthalmia {hi - drar-jir - off-thai' '-me-ah)
[vdpap] vpog, mercury; b(j>da?ifiia, ophthalmia]. Oph-
thalmia due to mercurial poisoning.

Hydrargyrum (hi-drar* '-jir-um) [idpdp-\ i-/>nr, mercury :
gen., Hydrargyri\. Mercury. Quicksilver. Hg =
200; quantivalence 11, iv. 'I'he only liquid metallic
element, hence the common name, quicksilver. See
Elements, Table of. In medicine, the metal, its
nitrate, oxids, chlorids, and iodids are the salts most
commonly, the sulphid and cyanid less frequently,
used. In small doses continued not too long a time
it is a tonic, purgative, and alterative. In larger
doses, or too long continued, it is likely to produce
pytalism. In "biliousness,'' mercurial purgatives have
long been a favorite remedy, blue-mass, and mercur-
ous chlorid or calomel being usually employed. In
syphilis, mercuric chlorid and mercuric iodid are
generally considered specific. Mercury in the form
of calomel is useful in glandular inflammations. Form-
erly it was much used in the same form in typhoid
fever and malarial fevers. The soluble salts of
mercury are highly poisonous. H. ammoniatum,
ammoniated mercury, " white precipitate," mercur-
ammonium chlorid, NH2HgCl, is used externally.
H. ammoniati, Ung., " white precipitate ointment"
— ammoniated mercury 10, benzoated lard 90 parts.
H. benzoas, Hg(C6H5C02)2. Dose, in pill, gr.
H. carbolas, easily absorbed. Dose, in pill, gr. \-\.
H. chloridum corrosivum, HgCL (H. perch-
loridum, B. P.), corrosive chlorid of mercury,
mercuric chlorid, " bichlorid of mercury," "corrosive
sublimate.'' Soluble in water and alcohol; anti-
syphilitic. Dose gr. ^j— rV Verv poisonous. Liq.
hydrarg. perchlorid. (B. P.), contains gr. ss of
the mercurial salt to the ounce. Dose ^5 ss— ij. H.
chloridum mite. Hg.,n„ (H. subchloridum, 1!.
P.), mild chlorid or subchlorid of mercury, mercurous
chlorid, " calomel," — laxative, tonic, and antipyretic.
Insoluble in water and alcohol. Dose gr. J$-x.
H. subchlor., Ung. (B. P.), 1 to 6| of benzoated
lard. H.cum ammonia, Emplastrum. See Am-
monium. H. cum creta, mercury with chalk,
"chalk-mixture," " gray powder," contain- mercury
38, clarified honey, 10, prepared chalk 57. water q. s.
Dose gr. ss-x. H. cyanidum, Hg(CN)2, mercuric
cyanid. Soluble in water and alcohol. It i- recom-
mended, with aconite, in diphtheria. Dose gr.
Tfr0— jfo. Poisonous. H., Emplastrum, mercurial
plaster— mercury 30, oleate of mercury I 2, lead-
plaster q. s. H.et arsenii iod., Liq., Donovan's
Solution. See Arsenic. H. flav., Lotio, unof.,
"yellow wash" for syphilitic sores — corrosive sub

lime-water ; x.

limate gr. xvnj,
unof, hydrarg. biniodid. gr.
cij, water ^iij, syrup q. s.
flavum, Hg.,I,, green iodid
ous iodid. Dose gr. y^—\-
Hgl.„ red iodid or biniodid

»'J>
ad
of
H
of

Gilbert's Syrup,
potass, iodid. gr.
3 x. H. iodid.
mercury, mercur-
iodid. rubrum,
mercury, mercuric

iodid. Soluble in a solution of potassium iodid.
Poisonous. Dose gr. -1,, ,'„. H. iodid. rub.,
Ung. (B. 1' . one in 28. H., Liniment (B.
P.), contains one part of mercury in six. H., Massa,
" blue mass,' " blue pill,' ' has mercury 33, licjuorice 5,
althea 25, glycerin 3, confection of rose 34. It is used
mainly as a purgative. Dose gr. ss— xx. H. nigra,
Lotio, unof., "black wash" for syphilitic -ores-
calomel gr. xxx, lime-water ^ x. H. nitrat., Liq.,
solution of mercuric nitrate. It is used as an escharotic.
H. nitrat. rub., Ung., unof., red ointment of mer
curie nitrate, brown citrine ointment ; it is made with
I liver oil. H. nitrat., Ung., citrine ointment, —
mercury 7, nitric acid 17, lard-oil 76. H. nitrat.,
Ung., Dil. (B. P 1, citrine ointment and soft paraffin,
1 in 2. H. oleat., contain- yellow oxid 20, oleic
acid 80. H. oxid. flav., yellow oxid of mercury.
Insoluble in water; soluble in nitric and hydrochloric
acids. It is used in the preparation of ointments, etc.
H. oxid. flav., Ung., contains 10 per cent, of the oxid.
H. oxid. rub., red oxid of mercury. Dose gr. ^5—
,' H. oxid. rub., Ung., contains 10 per cent, of
the oxid. H. salicylas, HgC-H40C00. Dose gr.
', in pill. H. subsulph. flav., Hg HgO)2S04,
yellow subsulphate of mercury, basic mercuric sul-
phate, "turpeth mineral." Soluble in nitro hydro-
chloric acid. Dose, for emesis, gr. ij— v. H.
succinimidum has been recommended for hypo-
dermatic use. H. sulph. rub., red mercuric sulphate,
"cinnabar," is used only by fumigation. H., Sup-
positoria (B. V. ), each contain- gr. v of mercurial
ointment. H. tannas, a green powder, rapidly ab-
sorbed. Dose gr. j, in pill. H.. Unguent., mer-
curial ointment, " blue ointment," — mercury 450, lard
225, suet 225, comp. tinct. benzoin 40, old mercurial
ointment 100 ; these are triturated until the globules
of mercury disappear under a magnifying glass. It
is used to produce the physiologic effects of mercury
by inunction.

Hydrarthrosis (hi-drar-thro'-sis) [ydap, water; niflpnv,
joint]. Aneffusionof fluidintoa joint, usually the result
of chronic synovitis. It is called also Hydrops ar-
ticuli, dropsy of the joint, white swelling, etc.

Hydrarthrus \ki-drarf -tkrus\. See Hydrarthrosis.

Hydrastin {hi-dras' -tin) [voup, water; dpav, to act],
C.,II.,,.\< ),.. 1. An alkaloid occurring together with
berberin (C.,,,1 1,.N( >4 — 4ULO) in the roots of Hy-
drastis canadensis (a. v.) • I J-4 grains may be given per
diem, in divided doses. In overdoses it may have
poisonous effects. 2. A precipitate from a tincture of
root of Hydrastis canadensis; it is laxative, chola-
gogue, alterative, tonic, antiseptic, etc. Dose gr. j-
ij. Unof.

Hydrastinin [hi-dras' -tin-in) [ydup, water; 6pa\\ to
act], C11H.3N03. An alkaloid obtained by the
oxidation of hydrastin. It is useful in chronic metritis
and in salpingitis, controls hemorrhage, and is a good
substitute for ergot. It stimulate- the cardiac muscle
and causes contraction of the lumen of arteries. Dose
of the hydrochlorate gr. ij— iv, hypodermatically.

Hydrastis (hi-dras,-tis) [pdup, water; dpav, to act].
Golden seal. The roots of //. canadensis, with pro-
perties due to several alkaloids, the principal being
hydrastin, </. v. It is a simple, bitter tonic, with anti-
periodic properties, and arre-ts the movements of white
blood- corpuscles. Itis useful in catarrh of the stomach
and urinary organs, and as a lotion in gonorrhea and
gleet. Dose of the fid. ext., n\v-xxx ; of the tinct.
[20 percent.) 3ss-ij. H., Ext., Liquid. (B. P.)
I lose tTLv-xxx. H., Glyceritum, hvdrastis 10, gly-
cerin 5, alcohol and water, q. s. H., Tinct., 20 per
cent, strength. Dose n\xx-3J. L'nof.

HYI>k '

HYDROBIOSIS

rate "' nl an

radical

■

: | I i.

ilcd

stable gas,
:..r and .1 strong
from n.

de
■ I its
al.

'urn,
mic
phenylhydrazin
usually crystal-
yellow
. | >ose

rccium . house :

: iception
I to the swimming-

. water; ^rarstq,
ntion by water or l>v a watery

remesis . water; iiuotq,

?ati ry material.
. wati r ; ciifia, blood].
id due to defective
t fibrination. It accom
.un other exhausting dis-

rencephal [vdup, water; ■

ilic brain.

rencephalit: , water;

inflammation], [nflammatory

rencephalocele . wa

. hernia]. Encephalocele
it i omposed of a watery
H. palatina, a variety of hydrencephal
in wh i with serum, pro-

■, a tumor p< «^-,i i>l y as

rencephalu .

•renterocele [vdup, water;

il hernia,
• d fluid.
li '.rentcrorrhc.i . |P< water;

tery diarrhea.

6c, heal-
with water
. physi

'. ith

iter.

i I \ impound

H Acid,

i and

*" C. Thi yrup ol

hydriodic acid contains i per cent, of absolute HI.
1 lose, ,t j-iv, well diluted.

Hydro- (hi'-dro water]. A prefix signifying

water, or that water forms a structural part. See,
i. Hydrate.

Hydroa (hi-dr^-ah) [e<'(.'/>, water; adv, egg]. A
term including a group of vesicular and bullous skin-
affections presenting many points of affinity with vesi-
cating ervthemata. lit rpes, ami pemphigus. The group
include: the disca-.es described as Dermatitis herpeti-
lis, Pemphigus pruriginosus, Urticaria vesicans,
i Herpes gestationis, and i-, byno means uncommon.
Hydroa occurs in individuals of the neurotic tempera
meiii ; its course i- chronic, but with a decided tendency
toward ultimate recovery. [Hydroa, as the name ol a
skin disease, is much confused in meaning with Hidroa,
q. v.) H. bullosa. Sec //. pruriginosum. H.
aestivale. See //. vacciniforme. H. febrile. See
Herpes facialis. H. gestationis, that of pregnancy.
H. herpetiforme. Also called Dermatitis herpeti-
formis: Herpes gestationis; Herpes circinatus bullo-
sus ; Pemphigus circinatus. See Pemphigus prurigi-
us. H. pruriginosum. Hydroa bullosa ; a very
rare form, attended at its development with intense
itching, and sometimes preceded by slight febrile
symptoms, followed by the formation of small bullae
not exceeding the size of a split pea, and commencing
as vesicles, without any antecedent lesion. Slight
umbilication occurs, followed by desiccation, and the
formation of scales or crusts. Successive crops are
formed, the bulla: being discrete or grouped irregu-
larly, but never in circles. H. puerorum. See //.
ini forme. H. vacciniforme. Hydroa cestivale ;
Hydroa puerorum : Recurrent summer eruption ; a
recurring summer eruption of boyhood, usually with
vesicles that leave scars. The disease generally
begins in the first, second, or third year of life, and i>
often preceded by articular symptoms. The eruption
develops chiefly on the uncovered parts, and is generally
preceded by burning or pain, fulness of the region at-
tacked, anorexia, and insomnia. Red spots appear, and
on these rounded vesicles develop, singly or in groups,
varying in size from that of a millet-seed to that of a
large pea. They may coalesce into an irregularly out-
lined flattish bulla. The redness remains as an areola.
I hese bullre dry up, rupture, or become umbilicated,
and form crusts which, on separating, leave slightly
depressed scars resembling those of smallpox. The
pathology is unknown.

Hydroadipsia {hi-dro-ad-ip1 '-se-ah) \y6ap, water; <),
priv. ; 6ii\>a, thirst]. Absence of thirst, or of desire
t' ir water.

Hydrobenzamid [ki-dro-ben/-zam-id) [iA<.>i>, water;
benzoin; ami, I], C.TI^X.,. Azobenzoyl hydrid, a
talline compound, soluble in alcohol.

Hydrobenzoin {hi-dro-ben-zo* -in) [rrSw/i, water; ben-
zoin ] , t , ,1 1 |(t »,. A compound prepared bythe action
of sodium amalgam on benzoin. It dissolves with
difficulty in water, is readily soluble in alcohol, and
crystallize-, in large, shining, rhombic plates, melting
at i J4° I '..

Hydrobilirubin \hi-dro-bil-e-ruf -bin) [vdup, water;

bills, bile; ruber, red ], ( '...,1 1 ((1\'(( ).. A rose-red or

vii red pigment formed by treating a solution of

bilirubin or biliverdin in dilute alkali with sodium

ilgam. It is slightly soluble in water, easily so in

alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It is a coloring-

. said to be identical with stercobilin,

and found in urine.

Hydrobiosis [hi-dro-bi-o' -sis) [ydup, water; Q'uoc, life].
In biology, the origin and maintenance of life in fluid
i in.

HYDROBROMATE

:.-l

HYDROCARBON

Hydrobromate [hi-dro-bro/-mSt) [ydap, water; P/juiku ,

a stench]. A basic salt of hydrobromic acid.
Hydrobromic {hi-dro-bro* '-mtk) [i/Sap, water; Ppu/iog,

stench]. Composed of hydrogen and bromin. H.
Acid. See Acid, Hydrobromic. H. Ether, C2H5Br.

Bromid of ethyl. A colorless, translucent liquid, with
a neutral reaction, ethereal smell, and a pungent,
sweet taste; its specific gravity is 1.4733 '■> 'l boils at
1040 F. (40.70 (_'.), ami burns with difficulty wit
green, smokeless flame. It is prepared by distilling
alcohol with either bromin, hydrobromic acid, or bromid
of phosphorus. It is only slightly soluble in water,
but freely so in ether or alcohol. It is used as an
anesthetic. Sec Anesthetic.
Hydrobromid Iki-dro-bro'-midY Same as Hydrobro-
mate.
Hydrocaffeic Acid [hi-dro-kaf-e' -ik). See Acid.
Hydrocarbon (hi-dro-kar1 '-bon) [ydap, water; carbo,
charcoal]. A name applied to anyone of a multitude
of compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and car-
bon, but also under certain conditions containing other
elements as substitution-products. The possibilities
of the number of such compounds may be seen in the
following series, perhaps the simplest, carbon, C, being
a tetrad, and requiring four monad atoms to saturate
its quantivalence : —

In either of these one or more
atoms of hydrogen may be
replaced by other atoms or radi-
cles without altering the struc-
ture of the compound.
It will be noticed that the members of the series differ
by CH2 in the present case. The various members of
the Fat-series are usually indicated as follows : —
Paraffin Series, CnH2n + 2, \ in which n stands for any
Olefins, C2H2I1, I number of carbon atoms.

Acetylenes, C2H2„_2, j Thus, if w = 3, the corre-

sponding member of the Paraffin series would be
C3H8, etc. All the hydrocarbons are inflammable.
They occur in nature as marsh-gas (fire-damp), natural
gas, naphtha, petroleum, asphaltum, ozocerite, etc., in
a multitude of forms. They, with their derivatives,
form the subject-matter of organic chemistry. A
Table of the Hydrocarbons, is appended.

TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS.

1. PARAFFINS (ETHANES), CnH2n+2.

TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS.— Continued.
1. PARAFFINS (ETHANES).— Continued.

Methane, CH4.
Ethane, C2Hfi.
Propane, C.I [g.
Butane, C4H10.
Pentane, C=H,.,

Name.

<

D

s

a.
0

z

0

J 0

< ~
0 Z

>•

X

Oh

0 a

a. <

z us

o<

v2

- J

Z r

J Z
PqU

Specific Gravitv
(at the Melting-
point).

Methane, . . .

CH4

Gas

05598

Ethane

C0H15

Gas

Propane, . . .

CsH8

Gas

~^~

Butane

C4H10

Gas

Pentane, . . .

CsHjo

Liquid

37-39°

Hexane, . . .

C6HH

Liquid

715°

0.663

Heptane, . . .

C7H16

Liquid

99°

0.6967

Octane

CsHls

Liquid

1250

0.718

Nonane, . . .

CgHjo

Liquid

- 51°

149-5°

o-733°

Name.

<

7.

a.

0
tt.

('ml I —

Physicai Con-
dition.

Mil 1 ING-POIN I
< S NT I G R A I

Bon inc. -point
(Centigradi

SPI 1 1M>' GR V\ 1 1 N
Ml Mil

POIN

Decane, . . .

Liquid

- 32°
- 26.5

5

214°

Undecane, . .

ChH«

C12H26

( | .1 1...

Liquid

0 7745

Dodecane, . .

Liquid

0-773

Tridecane, . .

Liquid

+ 4-5°

234°

0-775

Tetradecane, .

CnHar,

Liquid

252-5°

0 775

Pentadecan. ,

CiiH32

Liquid -t- io°

270. 50

0-775

Hexdecane,

C1CH34

Solid • iV
Solid .'-• 50
Solid

287.5°

0-775

Hepdecane, . .

1 17H

3°3°

0.776

Octdecane, . .

CisH^
(',,11..
CjiiH^-..
CnH«
CjgH«

317°

0.776

Noudecane, . .

Solid 320
Solid

330°

0 777

Eicosane, . . .

^205°

0-777

Heneicosane, .

Solid 40.40

215°

0.778

Docosane, . .

Solid

44-4°

224. s°

'-■"-

Tricosane, . .

C23II4S

Solid

47-7°

234°

0778

Tetracosane, .

1 . ,1 [ .

Solid

51 i°

243°

0778

Pentacosane, .

1 . .' ' is

Solid

Hexcosane, . .

CjcHm

Solid

270°

Heptacosane, .

CjjHga

Solid

59 5°

0.779

Octcosane, . .

CosHjg

Solid

Noncosane, . .

C29H0O

Solid

Hentriacon-
tane, ....

C3iH<x

Solid

68.10

302°

0.780

Dotriacontane,

CasH^

Solid

700

3100

0.781

Pentatriacon-
tane, ....

C35H72

Solid

74-7°

.331° [0.781

Hexacontane,

C60H122

Solid

102°

2. 1

Methylene, . .

\LKYLI
CHo

LNS (OLEFINS), Cn
Does not exist in tlu

H2n.
free state

Ethylene, . . .

C2H4

C H,-,

I'll,

Gas

— 105°

Prop>letie, . .

Gas

Trimethylene,

Gas

U;is
Liquid

Butylene, . . .

C4H8

-5°

Amylene, . . .

CsHin

+ 37°

Hexylene, . .

Cf,Hi;

Liquid

Heptylene, . .

C:H14

Liquid

Cetene

CgHio

Liquid

CoHls

Liquid
Liquid

C10H0,)

Ci]H~;

Liquid

.-

Dodecylene,

* i.ll 2 1

Liquid

-3i-5°

960

0 7954

CisHog

Liquid

1 1 \ 1

IIVhK«'» ARBON

HYDRi

-

<

X

'■

'

:

— ».

<^

0.8097

'34°

08064

Q 5

i6o°

08039

—

30°

0.8016

i. H,

'■

850

I A HI E OF HYDROCARBONS.— Coittinmed.
HYDR< CARBONS —Continued.

f-i

V.

h -I.

hS

<
_

-

£ <

9 <

<5.

N v

7.

DC

^2

- H

1 X

7 *

* ~

u —
- Ui 0

v, a

_ Z

_ _ ^
. -

-

.-

- -

— u

Liquid

/. 2

Cumene, . . .

' ' 'I

153°

0.879

Mesit) len<

1 'I.

Liquid
Liquid

1630

locumene,

' 1 1

16b0

0.8722

Cymene, . .

Liquid

I75-I760

Durene, . . .

1 II.

Solid

79-80°

1900

Prehnitol, . .

CiqHh

Liquid

2040

6
Methyl

. OTHE

'II.

K HYDROCARBONS.

Does not exist in the iree state

1 II

not exist in the free state.

Butyl

(',11 <

I loes not exist in the tree state.

Benzyl, ....

C7H7

Does not exist in the free state.

Styrol, ....

(Ml.

Liquiil

•44-145°

°-9*5

Indene

C9H8

Liquid

177-1

1.040

Naphthalene, .

CioHg

Solid

79°

218°

Terpinolene,

1 i
C10H io

Liquid

185-1900

iphthene,

Solid

95°

277°

Diphem 1, . . .

Solid

71°

254°

Fluorene, . . .

Solid

IJ3°

295°

Diphenj 1

methane,

CisHu

Solid

26.5°

262°

Anthracene,

( hI'io

Solid

2130

Phenanthrene,

ChH10

Solid

99°

Tolane

( 14H10

Solid

60°

Stilbene, . . .

ChHio

Solid

120°

Dibenzyl, . . .

ChHh

Solid

52°

2840

Fltioranthene,

CuHio

Solid

I 09-1 10°

Methyl

anthracene,

1 | H.

Solid

190°

Pyrene

CjeHio

Solid

Mv)

Chrysene, . .

( 1 . 1 1 1 -j

Solid

2500

436°

Retene, ....

C18HM

( 23 * » 14

Solid

9S0

390°

Triphenj l

methane,

Solid

93°

....

Solid

338°

5«9°

Cervl

Benzene Series.

Boiling-point. Specific
_ _ ■ gravity.

Benzene, C„H8, 8o.t° C. .8S4atis6C.

Toluene, C,,H5CH3

f o-Xvlene 1420 -14
Xylene, CeH4.fC: , s° C

„ . IP- " I36°-I3;

. 1 10.3" C. .872

0 \\ lene i42°-i43°C.

"> c. 866 " "

137° C. .862 " i9..s°C.
I s, udocumene 1 r„ r„ . ( i6o.80C. .8s3 " .2o°C.

J- QH3.,CH3)3 I ,6*50 c- .869" 9.80 C.

CH3)4 iS90-i9i°C.

Pentamethylbenzene, C9H.(CH -2^o°C.

methylbenzene C«(CH . (°C.

HYDRO) ARDIA

583

IIYI>k«>ljIl Kl

Hydrocardia {hi-dro-kar' '-de-ah). See Hydropericar-
dium.

Hydrocaulus {hi-dro-kait/ -lus) [vdup, water; KavX6q, a
stem: />/., Hydrocauli\. In biology, tin: main stem of
a hydrozoan colony.

Hydrocele (hi'-dro-sel) [vdup, water; *//>//, tumor].
A collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis
i. ii ,or in connection with the testicle <>r cord. '1 he
term is applied, also, to a serous tumor in other loca-
tion-..

Hydrocelia {hi-dro-se' '-le-ah) \yiup, water; icoiXia,
belly]. Dropsy of the belly or abdominal region.

Hydrocellulose {hi-dro-sel'-u-los) \ySup, water; cellula,
a little cell], C,jHmO]j. A body forme. 1 by moisten-
ing cellulose with a dilute mineral acid, and then dry-
ing. It is used in photography.

Hydrocelodes [hi-dro-sel-(/-dlz\ \_vdup, water; %
tumor; eldoc, form] . A tumor resembling hydrocele,
but due to an extravasation of uri

Hydrocenosis (hi-dro-sen-o'-sis) [vdup, water; icivoacc,
evacuation]. An evacuation of water either by the
use of hyiragogue cathartics or by the operation of
"tapping" the cavity containing the accumulation of

fluid. See I'arn, , ntesis.

Hydrocenotic {hi-dro-sen-of '-ik) [vdup, water; ic'rucnr,
evacuation]. Relating to or causing hydrocenosis.

Hydrocephalic {hi-dro-sef-al'-ik) [ydup, water; ki<
head]. Pertaining to or affected with hydrocephalus.
H. Cry, the shriek of pain of the hydrocephalic
child during the exacerbation-.

Hydrocephalitis {hi-dro-sef-al-i1 '-lis). See Hydrenceph-
alitis.

Hydrocephalocele {hi-dro-sef '-al-o-sel) [ydup, water ;
:'/!,, head; K>//.i/,a. tumor]. Congenital hydro-
cephalus in which the encephalon protrudes through
the ununited or undeveloped cranial wall.

Hydrocephaloid {hi-dro-sef r/ '-al-oid) [ydop, water;
Ke(j>a'/.r/, head ; eldoc, form]. Pertaining to or resem-
bling hydrocephalus. H. Disease, Marshall Hall's
Disease ; a disease resembling hydrocephalus, some-
times observed in poorly-nourished infants just after
weaning. It is a condition of nervous exhaustion,
generally coming on after a prolonged illness, or fol-
lowing premature weaning. There is a stage of irrita-
bility and one of torpor. The pulse is irregular,
the fontanel flaccid and hollow, and there is no, or
but slight, tendency to vomiting. Stimulants and tonics
arrest the progress of the condition.

Hydrocephalus {hi-dro-sef f-al-u », water ; /ce-

tyakf), head]. A collection of fluid in the cerebral
ventricles {internal hydrocephalus] or outside the brain-
substance {external hydrocephalic- . previ nting closure
of the fontanels and causing enlargement of the skull.
The head maymeasure as much as thirty inches in cir-
cumference. Wormian bones develop in the sutures and
fontanels ; the eyeballs are rendered prominent and at
the same time their axes are depressed. Often there is
a retardation of the mental development, and the patient
usually dies within a few years. An acute hydrocephalus
occurs in meningeal inflammation. The chronic form is
congenital or infantile.

Hydrochinone {hi-dro-ki' '-ndn) [i Aup, water ; quinone~\ ,
CfiII602. A substance existing in urine as an ethereal
compound with H ,S( ), ; it is largely the cause of the
dark color that this excretion assumes after the ab-
sorption of phenol on exposure to the air.

Hydrochlorate {hi-dro-klo'-rat) \ySup, water; xkdpoq,
green]. Any salt or compound of hydrochloric acid.

Hydrochloric Acid {hi-dro-klo'-rik\. See Acid, Hy-
drochloric.

Hydrochlorid {hi-dro-chlo1 '-rid) \_iSup, water; %ki)poq,
green]. Same as Hydrochlorate.

Hydrocholecystis { hidro-ko-le-sis' -lis) [vdup, water ;
I-//',, bile; tffxmc, bladder]. Dropsy of the gall-
bladder.

Hydrocinnamic Acid {hi-dro-sin-am'-ik). See Acid.

Hydrocirsocele {hi-dro-sir'-so-sel) [vdup, water; m
venous enlargement; ai////, tumor]. Hydrocele ac-
i ompanied with varicose veins of the spermatic cord.

Hydroccelia {hid-ro-se/-le-ah). See Hydrocelia.

Hydrocceroulignone {ki-dro-st ru i f-non\ [iAup,
water; coeruUus, blue; lignum, wood],< .1! .' ', A
divalent phenol, crystallizing from alcohol and glacial
acetic acid in colorless leaflets, and melting at
i . I

Hydrocollidin {hi-dro-koV -id-in) [vdup, water; kATJXo.,
glue]. A highly poisonous ptomaln i named

by Gautier and Etard, and declared by them to be
identical with the hydrocollidin obtained by Cahours
and Etard from the action of selenium on nicotin.
Nencki, on the other hand, asserted its identity with a
base {collidin) isolated by him in 1876, to which he
had ascribed the formula C8H„N. The formula of
Gautier and Etard 's hydrocollidin is C8HUN. This
ptomaine was obtained from chloroformic extracts
from putrefying mackerel, and putrefying horse-flesh
and ox-flesh. The free base is an almost colorless,
alkaline, oily fluid, having a strong, penetrating odor
like syringa. So small a dose as 0.0017 gram of the
hydrochlorid, injected into birds, produced dizziness,
paralysis, and death. The pupil-, remain normal, and
the heart stops in diastole.

Hydrocolpocele {ki-dro-kolf-po-sel) [ydap, water;
kSaitoc, vagina ; ki/ctj, tumor]. A serous tumor of the
vagina.

Hydrocotarnin {hi-dro-ko-tar'-)iin) [ydup, water ; co-
tarniti\, (', dl^NO.. — ',II,0. A crystalline alkaloid
occurring in small amount in opium. It melts at 500
C. ,and is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloro-
form.

Hidrocotoin {hid-ro-ko1 '-to-in) [ydap, water; Sp., coto,
a cubit], CjjE^O^. An alkaloid of coto-bark, occur-
ring in yellowish crystals without taste.

Hydrocotyle {hi-dro-koV '-il-e) [vdup, water; KarVkq, a
cup]. Pennywort; a genus of umbelliferous herbs.
The leaves of H. asiatica serve as a bitter tonic and
alterative, and are very serviceable in skin-diseases,
syphilitic sores, and leprosy. H. centella, of S. Africa,
H. umbellata, of America, and H. vulgaris, of
Europe, have been employed in medicine, but their
properties are little known. H. bonariasis, of S.
America, is diuretic. All unof.

Hydrocrania {hid-ro-kra' -ne-ah). Same as Hydro-
cephalus.

Hydrocyanic {hi-dro-se-an'-ik). See Cyanogen, and
Acid , Hydrocyanic.

Hydrocyst {hi' '-dro-sist) [Wup, water; KVGTig, blad-
der]. A cyst containing a water-like liquid. Some-
times it is synonymous with hydatid. In bioli
Huxley- name for singular organs found in certain of
the Hydrozoa (especially the . They are

pvriform sacs of ectoderm and endoderm, closed at
their distal ends, but in free communication with the
somatic cavity at their proximal ends ; they are ar-
rested polypites in which the mouth has never become
developed.

Hydroderma {hi-dro-der'-mah) [ydop, water; deppa,
skin]. Dropsy of the skin.

Hydrodictyotomy {hi-dro-dik-te-of '-o-me) [iSup, water;
6'iK-rvnv, net : n . section]. Surgical incision of the
retina for the relief of edema.

Hydrodiuresis {hi-dro-di-u-re/-sis) [vdup, water; tin,
through ; 1 • , to make water]. A copious flow of

watery urine.

HYDRO 111' IKK'

584

ll\ DRI >NAPH MINI A.M1N

:o-electnc

with
H. Bat

patient.

un li is

square
and

i, but now often sj n
i ilitative
. antimony, and l"t com
neat. It has
a pulmonary tuber-
H. peroxid, or
ition
h rful anti rmicide, and

int in diphtheria, glandular
inflammatii >ns, and as an
air ixysms of whoopi

It is t' ' hair-bleaching solu-

H. d.. Aqua, solution of

i cent, by weight of the

H. sulphid. S tlphuric.

H ■ • •• i, water ; ; twav,

■ ]. I. The collection or

ry fluid. 2. Any disease in which

ration of mucous

r milk.

rohematocele i, water;

. tumor]. Hematocele i .ited

rohemi.i - me as Hydremia.

.rohemostat ["S<j/», water;

I]. A device for stopping
ure.
'. rohemothorax iks) [ydup,

fusion of
ity.
vmeniti-. 3 e Hydry

fra.
m], 1.

. water ;
An instrument used in
ter in any given sam

«., Hy
\ medii ated vt

tm, oil],
mlsion .it cod

• 1

"Ph lympha,

■

dis

■

Hydrolyte | , water ; Ai/fftf, dissolving],

I*he substance hydrolyzed.

Hydrolytic \hi-dro-lif -ik\ [vdup, water; \veiv, to dis
solve]. Pertaining to the decomposition of water, or
the liberation of water during a chemic reaction, H.
Ferments, those causing a combination with the eh-
mentsol water in the substances they decompose.

Hydroma Uti-dr</ -mah) | water; >'""/,

a tumor: /■■'.. Hydromata], A tumor containing
water. A cysl "i sa< Riled with water or serous fluid.
Also, an edematous swelling. Also, the cystic dilata-
tion of a I) mphatic of the neck.

Hydromania >-maf-ne-ak) [ydup, water; fiavia,

madness]. 1. Intense or maddening thirst. 2. Ma-
ma with desire for sun ide by drowning.

Hydromel [hi* '-dro-mel ') [vdup, water; iu'/i, honey], A
fermented mixture of honey and water, whether medi-
cated or not ; a kind oi mead or metheglin.

Hydromeningitis (hi-dro-men-in-ji' '-lis) [vdup, watei ;
. a membrane ; trig, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the membranes of the brain or cord, ac-
companied by effusion of watery fluid.

Hydromeningocele [ai-dro-men-m'-go

watei . '.'■ iyf, membrane; />///.//, a tumor]. A cystic
tumor of the meninges, protruding through the skull.
Also, a cystic tumor in the arachnoid cavity or in the
< ontinuation of the subarachnoid space.

Hydrometer [hi-drom' -et-er) [vdup, water; ptrpov, a
measure]. An instrument for determining the specific
gravity of liquids or solutions containing water.

Hydrometra (hi-dro-me'-trah) [ydup, water; fi^rpa,
the womb]. A collection of water or mucus in the
womb. It may result from congenital atresia in in-
fants, but usually follows an endometritis with stenosis
of the cervix.

Hydrometrectasia (hi-dro-me-trek-ta' '-ze-aA) [1 'Vi/j,
water; \ii,Tpa, womb; iaraoic, a stretching out].
Hydrometra causing distention of the uterus.

Hydromicrencephalia (hi-dro-mi-kren-sef-a'-le-aK) or
Hydromicrencephaly [hi- dro - mi - kren - scf ■ al-e)
[vdup, water; {UKpdg, small; /; k>ou/<>c, the brain].
Micrencephaly leading to, or complicated by, a serous
effusion within the cranial cavity.

Hydromphalocele (hi-drom-fal'-o-sil) [vdup, water;
n'/i'tr, navel ; k^Xtj, hernia]. Cystic tumor in the
sac of an umbilical hernia.

Hydromphalus [hi-drom' '-fal-us) [Mu/j, water ; b/upa-
'/<»;, navel]. A tumor at the navel distended with
water. It may arise either from ascites or umbilical
hernia.

Hydromyelia {hi-dro-mi-e'-le-ah) or Hydromyelus
[hi-dro-mi* -el-us) [ydup, water; pveXdg, marrow].
I lilatation of the central canal of the spinal cord
with an accumulation of fluid. It may be moderate
or extri me.

Hydromyelitis (hi-dro-mi-el-i'-tuh [vdup, water; five-
. marrow; trig, inflammation]. Same as Hydror-
rhachu interna.

Hydromyringa, or Hydromyrinx [hi ' drn-mir-in'
'■1 hi-dro-mi' '-rinks) [vdup, water; myrinx, the tym-
tic membrane], 1. The distention of the mem-
brana tympani with water effused within its substance.
1 tly, the same as Hydrotympanum.

Hydronaphthol [hi-dro naff thol) | vdup, wat< 1 .

phalt], A proprietary preparation recommended as
an odorless, non poi onous, and non 1 orrosive antisep
It is regarded by omi as identical with beta
naphthol. Dose gr. ij-v. Unof.

Hydronaphthylamin | ki-dro-naf-thil' -am-iri) [ydup,

water; asphalt; amin\, <"10ll II, Ml,. A

compound, called also tetrahydrobetanaphthylamin ;

; 1 to 5 pei cent., whether used topically

HYDRONCUS

;,-:,

HYDROPYOSALPINX

or hypodermatically, causes great dilatation of the

pupil.
Hydroncus [hi-drong/-hus) [vdup, water; bynoq, ma
A distention or swelling caused by an accumulation

of water. See, also, Edema and An

Hydronephrosis [hi-dro-nef-ro' -sis] [vdup, water;
vefypdc, kidney]. A collection of urine in the pelvis "I
the kidney from obstructed outflow. lie obstruction
maybe caused by an impacted calculus, a ste nosed
ureter, congenital deformities, or new growths. I be
cyst may vary in size, being eithei very small or
enormous. Hydronephrosis is marked clinically by
the presence of a tumor in the renal region, soft and
fluctuating, and usually painless. H., Intermittent,
one in which there is from time to time the occurrence
of a free discharge ol mine, with diminution in the
size of the renal tumor; ordinarily the retention is the
result of twisting or kinking of a ureter.

Hydronephrotic [hi-dro-nef-ro^ -ih) [vdup, water; ve<p-
poc, kidney]. Relating to, affected with, or of the
nature of, hydronephrosis.

Hydronosos [hi-dron'-o-sus) [vdup, water ; voooq, dis-
ease]. A disease attended with dropsy.

Hydroparesis [hi-dro-par^-es-is) [hiSup, water; ndp-
eois, paralysis]. A paretic affection characterized by
watery effusions, such as are seen in beriberi.

Hydropathy [hi-drop/ -ath-e) [vdap, water; iraBoc, dis-
ease]. The treatment of diseases by the use of water,
externally and internally.

Hydropedesis [hi-dro-ped-e' '-sis). See Hidropedesis.

Hydropericarditis [hi-dro-per-ik-ar-di' -tis) [vdup,
water ; wept , around ; Kapdia, heart ; trie, inflamma-
tion]. Pericarditis accompanied by serous effusion into
the pericardium.

Hydropericardium [hi-dro-per-i&-ar/-de-um) [vdup,
water; nepi , around; Kapdia, heart]. A collection
of water within the pericardium. It may be active,
passive, or mechanical, but is generally the result of
kidney-disease, valvular lesions of the heart, or chronic
affections of the lungs.

Hydroperididymia ( &i-dro-per-e-did-im/-e-ah) [vdup,
water; wepi, around; didvpog, testicle]. Hydrocele.

Hydroperitoneum [hi-dro-per-it-on-^-um). See As-
cites.

Hydrophallus [hi-dro-faP -us] [vdup, water; <paXk6c,
penis]. A dropsical swelling of the penis.

Hydrophilous [hi-droff/-il-us) [vdup, water; <f>ihoc,
loving]. In biology, applied to plants that are fertil-
ized through the agency of water.

Hydrophlegmasia [hi-dro-fleg-ma'-ze-ah] [vdup, water;
(phryiiatjia, inflammation]. Any phlegmasia or inflam-
mation characterized by serous effusion.

Hydrophobe (/i i' -dro-fol>) [vdap, water; Oo/?oc, fear].
A person who is affected with rabies.

Hydrophobia [hi-dro-fo' '-be-ah) [vdup, water; </>o/3oc,
dread]. A symptom of rabies in man, consisting in
fear of, or inability to swallow, water. The term is
used commonly as a synonym of Rabies, and particu-
larly of the disease in man. H., Pseudo-. See
Pseudo-hydrophobia.

Hydrophobic [hi-dro-fo1 '-bih) [ydap, water ; <po/3oc,
dread]. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, hy-
drophobia. H. Tetanus. See Kopftetanus.

Hydrophobophobia [hi-dro-fo-bo-fo/-be-ah) [it
water ; <»/ dog, fear]. A morbid and intense dread of
hydrophobia.

Hydrophone [hi' '-dro-fon) [ydap, water; <puvij, the
voice]. An instrument used in auscultatory percus-
sion, the sound being conveyed to the ear through a
column of water.

Hydrophthalmia [hi-droff-tkaV '-me-ah) [ydap, water;
otpQa'/.uog, eye]. An increase in the fluid contents of

the eye, resulting in glaucoma, keratoglobus, staphyl-
oma, etc.

Hydrophthalmos [hi-droff-thal' -mos). See /.
gl\ '/>us.

Hydrophyllium [hi dro-fil' '-e-um) [vdup, vi /or.

leaf]. In biology, one of the |
the nutritive zodids in a colony of hydrozi

Hydrophyr [hi' -dro-fer) [vdup, water]. Briicke's
name lor a variety "i i" ptone insoluble in alcohol.
See Peptone.

Hydrophysocele [hi-dro-fif -zo-slV) [ydap, water ;

air; hi,'/ 1; , tumor]. Hernia containing both serous
fluid ami a gas.

Hydrophysometra [hi-dro-fi-zo-me1 '-trah) [vdup, water;
tpvoa, wind; pfftpa, womb] . An abnormal colle<
of water, or other fluid, and gas, in the womb.

Hydrophyton [hi-droff'-it-on] [vdup, water; tfnrr&v, a
plant: pi., Hydrophyta\ In biology, the branching
structure furnishing support to a colony of hvdrozoa.

Hydropic [hi-dropf-ik] [i ApuTrinoc, dropsical]. Per-
taining to dropsy.

Hydropica [hi-drop* -ik-ah) [vdpu-rriKor, dropsical].
Medicines useful in dropsy; especially diuretic reme-
dies.

Hydroplanula [hi-dro-plan' '-u-lah) [hydra, a genu- of
hydrozoans ; planula, a stage of the embryo]. In
biology, an embryo hydrozoan between the planula
and the tentaculated actinula.

Hydroplasm {hi' '-dro-plazm) [vdap, water; -/
plasma]. A fluid constituent of protoplasm, or of any
plasma.

Hydropneumatosis (hi-dro-nu-ntai-o'-sis) [vdap, water;
irvevpaxaaig, inflation]. An abnormal or morbid col-
lection of water, or other fluid, and air, within any of
the tissues of the body. See, also, Hydropneumonia.

Hydropneumonia [hi-dro-nu-mo,-ne-ah] [idup, water;
■kve'vuuv, the lung]. A disease thought to consist of a
serous infiltration into the lung; pulmonary edema;
also, an eflusion within the pleura sometimes accom-
panying pneumonia.

Hydropneumopericardium [hi-dro-nn-mo-per-ik-ar'-
de-nm) [ydap, water ; nvevfia, air; wepixapdurv, pericar-
dium]. A morbid collection of air and water within
the pericardium. It causes the clacking sound com-
monly known as the " water-wheel " sound.

Hydropneumothorax [hi-dro-nu-mo-tho1 '-raks) [i dap,
water; KVEvpa, air; dupal;, thorax]. Air (or gas) and
water (or serous effusion) in the pleural cavity.

Hydropolyp [hi-dro-pel' '-/'/>) [vdap, water; iroXviravc,
polyp]. In biology, a hydroid polyp ; a nutritive
zooid of a hydrozoan colony.

Hydrops [hi'-drops] [vdparjt, dropsy]. Dropsy; an ab-
normal collection of fluid in a cavity or part of the
body. See Anasarca. H. articuli, a watery effusion
into the synovial cavity of a joint. H. cerebri, hydro-
cephalus. H. fibrinosus, eflusion into a joint,
with fibrinous deposits. H. oculi. Same as
Hydrophthalmia. H. paralyticus, that in paralyzed
parts. H. renalis. See Hydronephrosis. H. spu-
rius, from obstruction of the natural outlet of a secret-
ing organ. H. tubae. Same as Hydrosalpinx, q. v.
H. tubarum. See Hydrosalpinx. H., Tuberculous,
a copious effusion into a joint from tuberculous affection
of the synovial membrane. H. vesicae felleae,
dropsy of the gall bladder.

Hydroptic [hi-dropf-tik). Same as Hydropic.

Hydropyopneumothorax [hi-dro-pi-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks)
[vdap, water ;.7rvov,pus ; m D//a,air; .chest]. Hy-

dropneumothorax, associated with the presence of pus.

Hydropyosalpinx [hi-dro-pi-o-sal1 '-pingks) [vdwp,water ;
iriiov, pus; oahmyg, tube]. An accumulation of
water and pus in an oviduct.

HYI'k' T\ RE riC

586

IIVDRo/onX

Hydropvrctic

roquinr.i

antipyri

dent phenol
lilute I l,S< >,. or
in m
i melt a-
ihol, and ether,
ithout produ

DtJseptic.

•otj.
i or the

I

.puncture]. Punc-

111 the treatment of hy-

[ <. water ; ',•■

i within tin vertebral canal.

H interna.

rorrhach.tis . water; ba i"',

. inflammation]. Hydrorrhachis with in-

-

rorrhea >, water; bo'ta, flow],

H. gravidarum, a condition oc-

regnant woman, in which

m the uterus of thin

ult of hypertrophy of

jive .-ecrelion.

rosadenitis '-lis) [vdup, water;

inflammation]. See Hidrosad-

H. phlegmonosa, a furunculus beginning

It i- also called Hydradenitis destru-

Barthelemy), and

1 .ukasiewii

' -pinks)[ydup, water; adXit
of the Fallopian tube with a
>d . tion at the fimbriated
y inflammation. It is frequently

-osarca irea.

ireocele <7) i, water;

hernia]. le with dropsy of

. or with true hydrocele,
roscheocelc water ; bo \

umor]. Dropsical hernia of the

1 1 ■ tit, body:

In biology, th double-

permatocyst [idup,

j. A hydrocele

s'raph

A sph;

H Hydrostatic

of li<|llid- m ;i
I rlh.

ease by sweating and the use of water internally or
externally, or both.

Hydrosulphuric acid [hi-dro-sul-fu'-rik). See Acid.
•otheca [hi-dro-the/-kah) [vdup, water; "/,/•'/, a
case : pi., Hydrotheca\. In biology, a polyp-cell; the
cuticular investment of a hydroid polyp, forming a
cup like receptacle allowing the protrusion of the
distal moiet) of the polypite.

Hydrotherapeutics Qii-dro-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [vdup, wa-
tei . . to heal]. That part of balneology

treating of the hygienic use of water, and of its thera-
peutic application to the body. See, also, li,ith and . Iqua.

Hydrotherapy ihi-dro-ther^-ap-e). See Hydrotherapeu-
tics.

Hydrothion (hi-dro-thi'-ori) [vdup, water; delov, sul-
phur], I [ydrogen sulphid.

Hydrothionammonemia (hi-dro-thi- on - am - o-nc' -
.'/:) \_i^uj), water; delov, sulphur; ammonia,
ammonia; a'ipn, blood]. The presence of hydro-
sulphid of ammonium in the blood.

Hydrothionemia {ki-dro-thi-on-e' '-me-ah) [vdup, water;
i. sulphur; u'l/ia, blood]. The presence of hy-
drogen sulphid in the blood ; also, the train of mor
bid symptoms resulting therefrom.

Hydrothionuria (hi-dro-thi-on-u' -re-ah i [vdup, water;
;, sulphur; ovpov, urine]. Hydrogen sulphid in
the urine.

Hydrothoracic [hi-dro-tho-ra' -sik) [vdup, water; Bu
thorax]. Pertaining to hydro thorax.

Hydrothorax [hi-dro-tho' '-raks) [i^up, water; Oupal;,
chest]. A non-inflammatory dropsy of the pleura,
usually involving both sacs. H. purulentus. Syn
onym of Empyema.

Hydrotis [hi-dro1 '-tis) [vdup, water ; ovg, ear]. Dropsy
of, or effusion into, the ear.

Hydrotomy [hi-drof '-o-me) [vdup, water; Te/ivetv, to
cut]. A method of dissecting certain tissues by the
forcible injection of water into the arteries and capil-
laries, whereby the structures are separated.

Hydrotropism [hi-drof '-ro-pizm) [vdup, water ; rpdnoc,
a turn]. In biology, that state of a growing plant or
organ which causes it to turn either away from, or
toward, moisture.

Hydrotympanum [hi-dro-tim' -pan-uiri) [vdup, water;
tympanum, the ear-drum]. Dropsical effusion into
the cavity of the middle ear.

Hydrovarium (hi-dro-va' '-re-um) \_hdup, water; ova-
rium, ovary]. Ovarian dropsy, or cystoma.

Hydroxid (hi-droks'-id) [vdup, water; bivc, sharp].
A metallic or basic radicle combined with one or
more hydroxyl groups. Hydroxids may be regarded
as funned from water (HOH) by the substitution for
one of its hydrogen atoms of a metal or basic radicle.

Hydroxyl [hi-droks/ -il) [vdup, water; bl-vg, sharp].
A compound radicle, OH, that has never been iso
lated. but which is a factor in avast number of chemic
Thus, the oxygen bases are regarded a>
tnpounds of hydroxy] with electropositive atoms oi
radicles, e.g., -odium hydroxid, NaOH. Water may
be regarded a> hydroxyl hydrid, I l< >l I .

Hydroxylamin [hi-droks-W '-am-in) [vdup, water ;
sharp; amin\. A basic substance (NOHs) known
only in solution in water or in combination with acids.
It i- prepared by passing nitric-oxid gas through a
ntaining nasi enl hydrogen. The aqueous
lution i- colorless and odorless, with a strong alka-
lim n. Hydroxylamin hydrochlorid is recom-

mended as a good substitute for chrysarobin in the
treatment of skin -diseases.

Hydrozobn [hi-dro-zof -on\ [vdup, water; $<pov, an ani-
mal], A cnidarian of the sub-class Hydrozoa, contain-
ing the order- Hydridce, Hydromedusce, Siphonophora.

HYDRUKF.SIS

-,.-?

HVMr.NMMAI.Af I A

Hydruresis (hi-dru-re' '-sis') [ydup, water ; obpijaig, ovpov,
urine]. The passage of a relatively large proportion
of water in the urine.

Hydruria (Ai-dru/-re-ah) [ydup, water; ovpov, urine].

Excessive excretion of water by the kidneys, with nr
without decrease in the amount of the solid constit-
uents of the urine. The urine is pale, limpid, and of
low specific gravity. The amount of water discharged
in the twenty four hours is enormously increased. The
condition occurs most frequently in men, usually
under twenty years of age.

Hydrurilic Acid [hi-dru-ril'-ik). See Acid.

Hydrymenitis [hi-dri-men-V -tis\ [ydup, water; vpifv,
membrane; irtr, inflammation]. Any inflammation
of a serous membrane or surface.

Hygeia [hi-je'-ah), or Hygieia (hi-je-i' -ah) [vyleta,
health]. The state or condition of health.

Hygiene [hi'-je-iri) [yyteivdg, good for the health].
The science that treats of the laws of health in its
broadest sense.

Hygienic [hi-je-en'-ik) [< , . good for the health].

Pertaining to health, or its maintenance. H. Vinegar,
a vinegar composed of oils of clove and lavender, each
4.0; oil of marjoram, 2.0 ; oil of benzoes, 5°-° i sl'n
itus vini, 500 ; concentrated acetic acid, iooo.

Hygienist [hi-je-en'-ist) [yyieta, health]. One who is
a student of, or an expert in, hygiene.

Hygieology [hi-je-ol' -o-je) [iryieia, health; 7-6}og, rela-
tion]. The science of health ; hygiene.

Hygrechema (hi-grek-e' -mafi) [yypdg, moist; vx'iua-
sound: //. , Hygrechemaia\. The peculiar sound
produced by a liquid, as heard upon mediate or im-
mediate auscultation.

Hygrin {hi' -gnu) [yypdg, moist ; from its liquid form],
C12H13N. A liquid, oily alkaloid, derived from coca
(a. v). It has the power cif strongly dilating the pupil,
but has no anesthetic properties.

Hygrinic (hi-grin' -ik) [vypdg, moist]. Pertaining to,
or composed of, hygrin. H. Ether, a substance of
uncertain composition, said to have mydriatic proper-
ties. Unof.

Hygro- (hi'-gro-) [vypdg, moist]. A prefix denoting
moist or wet.

Hygroblepharic {hi-gro-blef'-ar-ik) [vypdg, moist;
Itetpapov, eyelid]. Serving to moisten the eyelid, as
a hygroblepharic duct.

Hygrocele (hi'-gro-se I) [irypdc, moist ; kt'/'/.i/, a tumor].
Same as IFvdrocele.

Hygrodermia (Jii-gro-der'-me-ah) [<;/"», moist; drpua,
skin]. An edematous noninflammatory skin-aftec-
tion.

Hygrology (hi-groP-o-je) [yypdg, moist ; 7,6} or, science].
The science of the fluids, or so-called humors, of the
body.

Hygroma (Jii-gro'-mah) [yypdg, moist; oua, tumor:
pi. , Hygromata~\. A serous bursa or cyst.

Hygromatous [hi-groJ -mat-us) [_i>yp6g, moist; bfia,
tumor]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, a hygroma.

Hygrometer (ki-grom'-et-er) [irypdg, moist:

measure]. An instrument for determining quantita-
tively the amount of moisture in the air. This amount,
constantly varying, is expressed in terms of the per-
centage required to saturate the air at the particular
temperature observed.

Hygrometric [hi-gro-meP -rik) [vypdg, moist; fiirpov,
measure]. 1. Pertaining to hygrometry, or the
quantitative determination of atmospheric moisture.
2. Readily absorbing water, as a hygrometric salt ;
hygroscopic.

Hygrometry {ki-gromf '-et-re) [irypdg, moist ; fierpov,
measure] . The measurement of the moisture of the air.

Hygrophanous {ki-grof'-an-us) [vypdg, moist ; <>

show]. In biology, applied to such plant-structures
as are transparent when wet, but opaque when dry.

Hygrophila [hi-grof'-il-nh) [yypdg, moist ; <■■■/'><_■. lov-
'""]■ A genus of dicotyledonous gamopetalous plants.
H. spinosa, is a shrub used in Ceylon and India as
a diuretic in dropsy. I nof.

Hygrophobia [hi '-be-ah) [vypdg, moist; ^djiog,

fear]. Insane dislike of water or of moisture.

Hygroplasm, or Hygroplasma [hi' ' -gro-plazm or hi
plaz'-mah) [yypdg, moist ; w'AAafia, anything form<
In biology, the fluid part of protoplasm (Nageli). I t.
Stereoplasma.

Hygroscope (hi' ' -gro-skop) [irypdg, moist ; 0 ~ Iv, to
inspect]. An instrument that indicates variations in
the moisture of the air.

Hygroscopic (hi-gro-skop'-ik) [yypdg, moist ; tncai
to see]. Having the property of absorbing ::v.i=ture
from the air.

Hygroscopy (hi-gros'-ho-pe) [vypdg, moist ; m
view]. Same as Hygrometry.

Hylogenesis (hi-Io-jen'-es-.is) [i/>t, matter; yeveaig,
formation]. The formation of matter.

Hylogeny ihi-laj'-en-e). Same as Hylogenesis.

Hylopathism [hi-lopr -ath-izm) [i-'/j/, matter; m
disease]. Any disease arising from defect or disor-
der of the body-substance.

Hylophagous (hi-loff'-ag-us) [v'/.tj, wood; tpayeh
eat]. In biology, applied to certain animals that feed
upon wood.

Hymen (hi'-men) [yp.fp>, membrane]. The fold of
mucous membrane at the vaginal entrance. H., Im-
perforate, a congenital abnormality, the hymen not
having an opening, and thus closing the vaginal outlet
or inlet. H., Forms of: I. Bifenestrate, or hymen
biforis, with two openings. 2. Bilobate, with two
lobes. 3. Circular, with a small foramen. 4.
Cribriform, with many holes. 5. Denticular, with
a serrate edge. 6. Double (rare). 7. fimbriate,
with fringed edges. 8. Horseshoe, with its convexity
downward. 9. Imperforate. 10. Normal. 11.
Semilunar, same as IO, or normal. 12. Hymen
septus, divided across by a slit. 1 3. Hymen sul>-
septus, covering only the anterior and posterior portions
of the passage.

Hymenal (hi-mc'-ual) [vpj/v, membrane]. Pertaining
to the hymen. H. Tubercles. See Myrtiform Car-
uncles.

Hymenea (hi-men-ef-ah) [ypiyv, membrane]. A ge-
nus of leguminous trees. H. courbaril, locust-tree,
indigenous to tropical America; is a good arterial
sedative and astringent in hemoptysis, hematuria,
dysentery, etc. Dose of the fluid extract gtt. x-xx.
This tree and others of the genus afford copal and
anime. Unof.

Hymeniferous [ki-men-if -er-us) [vpfyv, membrane;
ferre, to bear]. In biology, having a hymenium.

Hymenitis {hi-men-i' -tis) [yprp>, membrane; trie, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the hymen, or of any
membranous structure.

Hymenium [hi-me> -ne-um) [ifieviov, dim. of ///
membrane: //., Hymenia']. In biology, the spore-
bearing surface in fungi.

Hymenocallis [hi-men-o-kal' '-is) [yfir/v, membrane].
A genus of amaryllidaceous plants. H. rotata, gi
in the southern U. S. This and other specie- afford
bulbs that may be substituted for squill. Unof.

Hymenography (hi-meti-og'-ra-fe) [yfiip>, membrane;
isiv, to write]. Same as Hymenot

Hymenology [hi-men-oP-o-je] [vpryv, membrane ; ?.6yog,
science]. The science of the nature, structure, func-
tions, and diseases of membranous tissue.

Hymenomalacia \hi-vien-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [1 m/v, mem-

H\ V! \

HYPERA] '.1 SI<

etea

havin

musl

H

rane ;
laving

hymen ;
te, of the

itions

. membra

l of the hj men.

\ i refix denoting
a uli the hyoid bon
, hyoid ;
o the hyoid Itone and

hyoid : ; "Kuaaa,
■ the hj Extending

. Table of.
ir to the i rreek letter
■ f the Greek letter
H. Bone. —en the root

irynx, supporting the tongue
See Boius,
H. Fossa. See /
ron See mal.

. lenbane], ',-11 N03.
und in henbane ; it is a good
mydriatic. Dose, T$0 to
i .

: in) [two . henbane],

■ urring in the seeds of

■■•</, and in Datu-

meric with atropin, and

th daturin and duboisin. It crystallizes

it 108.50 C. It is a

dative. Dose, gr. , .

to I grain.

["'. hog : , bean].

of //. niger. It contains

ith and similai I 1

1 NOj. It

. ind hypnotic, less

lium, and i-, use-

amin

rful

H.. Abstract.

H.t Exi H.,

Alcohol, th). 1 >ose gr. j.

xt • Fld ' H., Succus (B. P.)

H . Tinct..

Hyoscyamin.

■ illy,

Injectio hyos-
micae. 1

hydrobrom.

I • ctio hyoscin. hydrobromat. hypo-
d<

.

1. Relating to the hyoid bone and the

num. 2. In biology, the second lateral piece of

the plastron of a turtle; it is also called Hyoplastron.

Hyp . under]. A popular name for hypo-

sistent depression of spirits ; hypo.

Hvpacousis, Hypacusia, Hypacusis, or Hypakusis

[imd, under; Sucovocg, hearing].

Hardness of hearing from defect of the auditory nerve.

Hypaesthesia {Jiip-es-the/ -ze-ah). See Hypesthesia.

Hypalbuminosis {hip-al-bu-min-o'-sis) [vir6, under;

umen\. Morbid diminution in the proportion of

albumin in the blood. It is caused by anything that

gives rise t<> an increased consumption of albumin on

the- part of the organism.

Hypalgesia [hip-al-je' '-ze-ah) \yir6, under; akyr/air,
painfulness] . I Uminished sensitiveness to pain.

Hypalgia (hip-al' '-je-ah) \vk6, under; u'/yoc, pain].
Slight or moderate pain ; diminished sensibility to pain.

Hypalgic [hip-al' '-jik) [t'Tro, under ; h'/yoc, pain].
Slightly painful ; experiencing >light pain.

Hypanisognathism [hip-an-is og' '-nath-izm) [l~6, un-
der; aviaog, unequal, uneven; yvaBog, the jaw]. In
biology, a lack of correspondence between the teeth
of the opposite jaws. Cf. Anisognathism and
Epanisognathism.

Hypanisognathous \hip-a>i-is-og'-na-thus) \jm6, un-
der; avictor, unequal, uneven; yvadoq, the jaw]. In
biology, having the upper teeth broader than the lower.

Hypanthium {hip-anf -the-um) \_bno, under; avdog, a
flower: />/. , Hypanthia~\. In biology, an enlarged
receptacle.

Hypanthodium {hip-an-tho' -de-um \_bn6f under ; av-
, a flower; eldoi , form]. See Synconium.

Hypapophysis (hip-ap-off' -is-is) [bird, under; anoty-
[uff<c, apophysis : //. , Hypapophyses\ An anterior
or ventral apophysis from the centrum of a vertebra in
the human skeleton ; the atlas is held by some to have
an hypophysis, which is blended with the ring of that
vertebra.

Hypapoplexia (hip-ap-o-pleks' -e-ah) \yit6, under : enru-
-'//,-; 'm, apoplexy]. A slight apoplexy.

Hypatonia (hip-at-o'-ne-aJi) [vird, under; arovia, at-
ony]. A slight amount of atony.

Hypemia (hip-e'-me-ah). See Hyphemia.

Hyper- (hif-per-) [iirip, above]. A Greek prefix sig-
nifying above, beyond, or excessive.

Hyperacidity [hi-per-as-idf -it-e) \_virkp, over; acidum,
acid]. Excess of acidity.

Hyperacousis, Hyperacusia, Hyperacusis, or Hy-
perakusis [hi-per-ak-u'-sis, hi-per-ak-ti' -ze-ah) \yirip,
over; ukovoic, hearing]. Morbid acuteness of the
sense of hearing; auditory hyperesthesia. Also, a
highly developed capability of the discernment of pitch
and timbre of musical sounds.

Hyperactivity (hi-per-ak-tiv' -it-e) \jmkp, over ; agere,
lo]. Excessive or abnormal activity.

Hyperadenosis (hi-per- ad-en- o> -sis) \ywkp, over; ddf/v,
gland; v6ooq, disease]. Enlargement of the lymph-
gland-, ; I lodgkin's disease.

Hyperaemia {Jii-per-e-me-aK). See Hyperemia.

Hyperaesthesia [hi-per-es-thef -ze-ah). See Hyperesthe-
sia.

Hyperakusis (hi-per-ak-u' '-sis). See Hyperacousis.

Hyperalbuminosis [hi-per-al-bu min-t/sis) [virip,

1; albumen, albumin]. An increase in the amount

of albumin in the blood, which maybe either relative

or absolute. It is often due to the excessive ingestion

ilbuminous food, with insufficient exercise.

Hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je* -ze-ah) \imkpt over; «/;.//-

pain]. I ccessive sensibility to pain.
Hyperalgesic [hi-per-al-je' -zik) [virip, over; iXyr/aiQ,
pain]. Exhibiting or appertaining to hyperalgesia.

IIYPERALGIA

.-,-!)

HYPERERYTHROCYTHEMIA

Hyperalgia ( hi-per-aV -je-ah) [vnip, over; a/.yr/aig,

pain]. Excessive pain. H., Acoustic, excessive

hyperakusis.
Hyperalonemia {ki-per-al-on-ef-me-aK\ [vnip, over;

aAc, salt; aifia, blood]. Excess of blood-salts.
Hyperamnesia [hi-per-am-ne,-ze-ah). See Hypertn-

nesia.
Hyperanabolism [ki-per-an-ab'-o-lizm) [vnip, over;

cirn vi'/'/nr, to build up]. Hypertrophy or excess of

construction of a tissue or part.
Hyperanthraxis [hi-per-an-thraks'-is). Synonym of

. i static Cholera.
Hyperaphia {hi-per-a* -fe-ah) [/-//), over; axpq, touch].

Excessive sensitiveness to touch.
Hyperaphrodisia (hi-per-af-ro-diz'-e-ah) [vnip, over;

a(ppodiaia, aphrodisia]. An over-strong venereal ap-
petite.
Hyperapophyseal {hi-per-ap-o-fiz'-e-al) [h~ip, over;

an6<pvoig, apophysis]. Pertaining to a hyperapophy-

sis.
Hyperapophysis (hi-per-ap-off'-is-is) [err/p, over ; ano-

orwvc, apophysis]. A process projecting backward

from a neural spine.
Hyperarthritis {ki-per-arth-rif -tis) [vnip, over; apdpov,

joint; trig, inflammation]. Severe arthritis.
Hyperasthenia [hi-per-as-the* '-ne-ah) [vnip, over;

aatiiveia, weakness]. Extreme weakness.
Hyperauxesis {hi-per-awks-ef-sis) [virip, over; avt-r/mr,

increase]. Extreme increase in the size of a part.
Hyperbolic [hi-per-bol' '-ik) [vnip, over; jia/.'/.eiv, to

throw]. Exaggerated.
Hyperbrachycephalic {hi-per-brak-e-sef-al'-ik) [i — p,

over; ;ipa\-ir, short; ncya/i/, head]. Extremely

brachycephalic.
Hyperbrachycephaly {hi-pcr-brak-e-sef'-al-e) [vnip,

over; fipaxii, short ; «to«//}, head]. Extreme brachy-

cephalv.
Hyperbulia {ki-per-bu'-le-ak) [inip, over ; (iauTdj, will].

Exaggerated wilfulness or obstinacy; abnormal or in-
sane development of will-power.
Hypercardia {Jii per-kar' -de-ah) [vnip, over; KapSia,

the heart]. Cardiac hypertrophy.
Hypercatabolism [hi-per-kat-ab' '-o-lizm) [vnip, over ;

Kara, down ; Aa/'/uv, to throw]. Wasting or excess

of destruction of a tissue or part.
Hypercatharsis [hi-per-kath-ar' -sis) [vnip, over ; nafiap-

crig, cleansing]. Excessive purging, or the result of

too free use of cathartic medicines.
Hypercedemonia [ki-per-se -de-mo' -ne-aX) [inip, over;

Kf/rieuovia, anxiety]. I. Extreme anxiety or grief. 2.

Excessive care on the part of the physician.
Hypercele (lu'-per-sel) [vnip, over; not/da, belly]. The

dorsal portion of the epicele.
Hypercenosis (hi-per-sen-o'-sis) [vnip, over ; kevugiq,

evacuation]. Excessive evacuation, as by purging or

bleeding.
Hyperchlorhydria [hi-per-klor-lii' -dre-ah) [vnip, over;

XA upog, green ; Mup, water; yrwav, to form]. Ex-
cess of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretioji.

Rossbach's Disease. See Diseases, Eponymic, Table of.
Hypercholesteremia (hi-per-ko-les-ter-e' '-me-ah) [i

over; yi///, bile ; oriap, fat; a)/ia, blood]. Excess

of cholesterin in the blood.
Hypercholia [hi-per-ko' -le-ah) [vnip, over; x°'f-V, bile].

An excessive secretion of bile.
Hyperchroma [hi-per-kro* '-mah) [vnip, over; r^w//</,

color]. The excessive formation of the pigment of the

skin, as in phthiriasis or syphilis.
Hyperchromatemia {hi-per-kro-mat-ef -me-ah) [i - p,

over; xpuua, color; atua, blood]. An increase in the

color of the blood ; excess of coloring-matter in the

blood.

Hyperchromatic (ki-per-kro-mal'-ik) [vnip, over;
{papa, color]. Exhibiting hyperchroma.

Hyperchromatism [hi-per-kro'-mat-izm). Same as
Hyperchroma.

Hyperchromatosis [hi-per-kro-wat-o' '-sis) [i-ip, over;
Xpupa, color]. Excessive pigmentation, as of the skin.

Hypercinesia [hi-per-sin-ef-ze-a/i). See Hyperkinesia.

Hypercrinia (hipcr-krin'-e-ak) [inip, over ; Kpiveiv, to
separate]. Abnormal or excessive secretion.

Hypercyesis [hi per-si-e'-sis) [vnip, over; Kir/atg, con-
ception]. Superfetation.

Hypercyrtosis ylu-p.r-sir-to' -sis) [i-ip, over; Kvpruoig,
curvature]. Extreme curvature, as of the back or a
limb.

Hyperdactylia [hi-per-dak-tiP -e-ah) trip, over;

AaKTv'/og, finger]. Polydactylism.

Hyperdermatosis [ki-per-der-mat-o' -sis) [yirip, over;
dippa, skin]. Hypertrophy of the skin.

Hyperdicrotic (hi-per-di-krof '-ik) [vnip, over ; 8'iKp
a double beat]. Affected with marked or delayed
dicrotism ; pertaining to the pulse when the pulse-
curve shows the aortic notch below the base-line.

Hyperdicrotism [hi-per-dik' '-rot-izm) [vnip, over;
dinporog, a double beat]. Strongly marked or exces-
sive dicrotism.

Hyperdistention {ki-per-dis-ten'-shuri) [vnip, over ;
dis tender e, to stretch]. Forcible or extreme distention.

Hyperdiuresis(///-A r-di-u-re' -sis)\yni o, over; dtovpieii .
to pass urine]. Excessive secretion of urine.

Hyperdynamia [hi-per-di-natn' '-e-ah) [vnip, over ;
di vapig, energy]. Excessive strength or exaggeration
of nervous or muscular function.

Hyperdynamic (hi-per-di-nani' -ik) [vnip,over', Si vapig,
energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperdynamia.

Hypereccrisia [ki-per-ek-kris'-e-ah) [vnip, over; e/c,
out; Kpiveiv, to separate]. Excessive excretion.

Hyperechema (hi-per-ek-e' '-mak) [yirip, over ; ijx^ua,
sound : //., Hyperechemata~\. A normal sound ab-
normally exaggerated.

Hyperechesis [hi-per-ek-e' '-sis) [vnip, over; T/xw<Jtg,
sound]. Abnormal loudness of voice.

Hyperemesis (ki-per-em/-es-is) [vnip, over; hirestc,
vomiting]. Excessive vomiting. H. gravidarum.
See Morning Sickness.

Hyperemetic (hi-per-em-et'-ik) [vnip, over; euectc,
vomiting]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ex-
cessive vomiting.

Hyperemia (hi-per-e'-me ah) [inip, over; ama, blood].
A condition of plethora or congestion. H.. Active,
caused by an excessive supply of blood. H., Pas-
sive, caused by an impediment to the removal of the
blood. H. of the Dental Pulp, a condition due
to the overfilling of the vessels of the pulp with blood,
the resulting pain being sharp and lancinating, and
paroxysmal in character, especially in its earlier stages.

Hyperencephalus [hi-per-en-sef '-al-us) [vnip, over;
i '; nion/ng, brain]. A variety of single autositic mon-
sters of the species exencephalus, in which there is
the same deformity as in podencephalus. but in a
higher degree. There is often hydrocephalus, and
the body is likely to be deformed in other regions.

Hyperenterosis [ki-per-en-ter-o1 '-sis) [virip, over;
ivTepov, bowel]. Hypertrophy of the intestines.

Hyperephidrosis [hi-per-ef-hid-ro' -sis) [virip, over;
ioiApuatg, perspiration]. Excessive or long-continued
sweating.

Hypererethisia, or Hypererethism (hi-per-er-eth-iz'-
e-ak, or hi-per-er/-eth-izm) [i -i,>, over; ipedtoiioc, irri-
tation]. Excessive nervous or mental irritability.

Hyper erythrocyth em ia [hi-per-er-ith-ro-si-the' '-me-ah \
[vnip, over; . red; Kvrog, cell ; atpa, blood].

Excess of red corpuscles in the blood.

>phona

1

>

HY!

HYPERODON fOGENY

Sam

■

i

H

H

H

H

H-

H-

II] P<

• i the in-

roduction
g ua.

u'-se-ah) [vr

: -le.

\n abnormal
■ rythrocy-

i ; ; > ''-
;ar in the

.cogenia " '. over;

|. He ssive

Hypendrosis l-ro'-si

.sweat]

eat-
It may be

crhydremia

! water in the

H

II-
H

H

tic

ind sleep.

of plant-,
H.

1

nic-,

- - nof.

■• ity.

■:. i iHdh)

- I ■

lerino

H

>i in

Hyperisotom.. r-i-so-t</-ne-ah) [vrrkp, over; laog,

,tone]. Unusual equality of tone or ten-
sion ; applied to muscles.

Hyperkeratosis {hi-per-ker-at-o'-sis) [i -q>, over; K&pag,
horn, cornea]. Hypertrophy of the cornea either in
extent or thickm

Hyperkinesia [hi-per-kin-e' -ti ah) [inrip, over ; Klvt/oig,
ene, i. Any exaggerated spasm or muscular

contraction. 2. Excessive irritability. 3. Impulsive

insanity.
Hyperkinesis {hi-per-kin-e' 'sis) [vnip, over; Klvr/atg,
energy]. I. See Hyperkinesia. 2. A disease or
diseased condition marked by hyperkinesia.

Hyperkinetic [hi-per-kin-e^ -ik) [ynip, over; irin/mr,
energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperkinesia.

Hyperlactation (hi-per-lak-ta' -shun) [imip, over; lac-
■ give milk]. Prolongation of lactation beyond
the ninth month. It persisted in, it produces an ex-
hausted physical condition of the mother known as
utealis. This condition is marked by anemia,
with cramp-like pains of the upper extremities when
the child is put to tin- breast.

Hyperleukocythemia(///-/(7'-/w-/'()-5/-///(/-w<'-r7//)[t,7rfyj,
over; "KeuK6q, white ; Kvrog, cell ; alfia, blood]. Ex-
cess in the proportion of white cells in the blood ;
leukocythemia.

Hyperle'ukontemia [ki-per-lu-kon-te' -me-ah) [< trip,
over; 7uevk6v, albumin; alfia, blood]. Increase in
tin- albuminous elements of the blood.

Hyperlipemia {Jii-per-lip-e' -me-ah) [bnep

blood]. Excess of fat in

over
the

; /i77in\
blood ;

fat ; a/fia,
lipemia.

Hyperlithuria [hi-per-lith-u' '-re-ah) \yirkp, over ; >
stone; ovpov, urine]. Excess of lithic acid in the
urine. Same as Lithuria.
Hyperlogia [hi-per-lo'-je-ah) [iirip, over; /«,<"•

speech]. Excessive or maniacal loquacity.
Hyperlymphia [hi-per-limf '-e-ah) [vftep, over; lymplia,
water]. An increase in the amount of lymph in the
body.
Hypermastia {hi-per-masf-te-ah) \yxkp, over; uaar6g,
breast]. Excessive development or hypertrophy of
the mammary gland, which remains normal in structure.
Hypermetamorphosis (hi-per-met-am-or-fo' -sis) \yntp,
over; fierafi6p<t>G>0ig, a transformation]. In biology,
applied to insects that undergo transformation more
completely or having more stages than ordinary.
Hypermetropia (hi-per-metro'-pe-ah). Satin- as Ily

ina, q. v.
Hypermetropic (hi-per-me-trop' '-ik) [virep, over; uerpov,
measure; uf, eye]. Affected with, or pertaining to,
hypermetropia. H. Disc. See D
Hypermnesia, or Hypermnesis (hi-perm-ne'-ze-ah, or
hi-perm-ne' '-si \ \yTrep, over ; tivfjotg, memory]. Abnoi
mal exaltation of the power of memory.
Hypermotility [hi-per mo til' it e) [virkp, over; motilis,
motile]. Excessive action. H., Gastric, excessive
LCtion ol the gastric walls, often accom
tied with hyperaciditj due to increased secretion ot
1I<
Hypernervia (hi-per-ner1 '-ve-ah). See Hyperneuria.
Hyperneuria [hi-per-nu' '-re-ah) \imip, over; vevpov,

e]. Excessive nerve-action.
Hypernidation \hiper-nid-af-shun). See Supernida-

Hypernea [hi-per-ne' -ah) or Hypernoia [hi-per-

noi'-ah) [yirkp, over; voieiv, to think]. Excessive

or abnormal mental activity; also, the uncontrolled

1 tivit) ot the imagination in some

insanity.

Hyperodontogeny (hi-pei d n toj' en-e) [imip, over;

. to beget]. The phenomenon of

HYPEROITIS

591

HYPERTROPHY

a third dentition late in life. It is supposed to be due
to the development of one or more superfluous tooth-
germs that have remained dormant.

Hyperoi'tis (hi-per-o-i'-tis) [vnepua, palate; irtr, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the palate.

Hyperonychia [hi-per-o-nik1 '-e-ati) [yirip, over; •<
nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails.

Hyperope (hi'-per-op) [imip, over; £>ip, sight]. One
who is affected with hyperopia.

Hyperopia (hi-per-o1 '-pe-ah) [tW/>, over; w^, sight].
That condition of the refractive media of the eye in
which, with suspended accommodation, the focus of
parallel rays of light is behind the retina ; it is due to
an abnormally short antero-posterior diameter of the
eye, or to a subnormal refractive power of its media.
H., Absolute, that which cannot be corrected com-
pletely by accommodation, so that there is indistinct
vision even for distance. H., Axial, that due to ab-
normal shortness of the antero-posterior diameter of
the eye, the refractive power being normal. H.,
Facultative, that which may be corrected by the
accommodation, so that there is distinct vision at a
distance. H., Latent, that part of the total that can-
not be overcome by the accommodation, or the differ-
ence between the manifest and the total hyperopia. H .,
Manifest, that which the accommodation can over-
come, or that corrigible by a convex glass aided by
the accommodation. H., Relative, a high hyperopia
in which distinct vision is possible only when excessive
convergence is made. H., Total, the entire hyperopia,
both latent and manifest.

Hyperorthognathy [hi-per-or-thog' -na-the) [virip, over;
bp66g, straight ; yvadog, the jaw]. Excessive orthog-
nathy ; the condition of having a cranial index greater
than 91°.

Hyperosmia (hi-per-oz/-me-ah) [inrip, over; bcuij,
smell]. An abnormal or morbidly acute sense of
smell ; also, the presence of olfactory illusions.

Hyperosphresis (ki-per-os-fre'-sis) [t'~fp, over ; bayprj-
oig, the power of smelling]. Exaggeration of the
sense of smell.

Hyperostosis {hi-per-os-to'-sis) [yrcep, over ; bareor,
bone]. Exostosis or general hypertrophy of bony tissue.

Hyperparasite {hi-per-par'-as-it) \ywkp, over ; Tvapn-
cirog, parasite]. In biology, a parasite including in
itself another parasite.

Hyperparasitism (hi-per-parf -as-lt-izni) \j-kp, over;
lrap&airog, parasite]. The infestation of parasites by
other parasites.

Hyperpepsia {hi-per-pepr-se-ah).\yKi.p, over; Tvetptg, di-
gestion]. Hayem's term for a form of dyspepsia
characterized by an excess of chlorids in the gastric
juice, without an excess of free hydrochloric acid.

Hyperphagia (hi-per-fa'-je-ah) [yirip, over; (paysiv, to
eat]. Excess in eating. See Bulimia.

Hyperphasia [hi-per-faf -se-ah) [virep, over; Qaacg,
saying]. Hyperlogia ; insane volubility; lack of con-
trol over the organs of speech.

Hyperphoria [hi-per-fo'-re-ah). See Heterophoria.

Hyperphrasia {hi-per-fraf-ze-ah) [bnep, over; (ppdaig,
utterance]. The incoherent and exaggerated utter-
ance of an insane person.

Hyperphrenia {hi-per-fre* '-ne-ah) [iirkp, over; <f>pqv,
mind]. Passionate mental exaltation of the insane.

Hyperphysemia {hi-per-fi- ze'-mi '-ah) [/-'/>, over; -
air; ai/ia, blood]. Excess of gases in the blood, or
the abnormal conditions associated with such excess.

Hyperplasia {hi-per-pla* -ze-ah) [yirkp, over; -'/iiair,
moulding]. The excessive deposit or augmentation
of the elements of the tissue composing an organ.

Hyperplastic (hi-per-plas'-tih) [ywzp, over; irfatorucSg,
fit for moulding]. Pertaining to hyperplasia.

Hyperplerosis (hi-per-p/e-rtZ-sis) ['-'/>, over; irXi/puoig,

fulness]. Excessive repletion or fulness.
Hyperplexia {hi-per-pleks' -e-ah) [ynkp, over; ->

stroke]. I. Ecstacy. 2. Melancholia with stupor.
Hyperpnea, or Hyperpnoia {hi-per-pne'-ah, or hi-per-

pnoi'-ah) \_vnq>, over; izvbr/, breath]. Panting or
labored respiration ; dyspnea. *

Hyperporosis [hi-per-po-ro' -sis) [irrrkp, over; nupumg,
cementing or uniting]. An excessive formation of
callus in the reunion of fractured bones.

Hyperpraxia {ki-per-praks' -e-ak) [yir&p, over ; KpaSig,
exercise]. The excessive restlessness of movement
characterizing certain forms of mania.

Hyperpresbyopia (hiper-pres-be-o'-pe-a/i) [virip, over;
irpkojivg, old ; £nf>, eye]. Excessive presbyopia. Obs.

Hyperpselaphesia {hi-per-sel-af-e' -ze-ah) [vnkp, over;
tyijAafqaig, touch]. Abnormal increase of tactile sen-
sibility.

Hyperpyretic (hi-per-pi-ref-ik) [virip, over ; nip, lire].
Pertaining to hyperpyrexia.

Hyperpyrexia [hi-per-pi-reks1 -e-ah) [virep, over; nvp,
fire; hxetvi to have]. A condition marked by exces-
sively high temperature or aggravated febrile symptoms.

Hypersarcoma, or Hypersarcosis \ki-per-sar-ko/-ma,
or Iii-per-sar-ko'-sis) [inrkp, over ; sap!;, flesh ; baa, a
tumor]. I. Excessive granulation, fungosity, or proud-
flesh. 2. Obesity ; hypertrophy.

Hypersecretion (hi-per-se-krP -shun) [ynkp, over; se-
cretio, a secreting]. Excessive secretion.

Hypersomnia [hi-per-som/ -ne-ah) [virep, over ; som-
>ius, sleep]. Excessive sleep.

Hyperspasmia [hi-per-spaz'-me-ah). Synonym of Con-
vulsions.

Hypersplenia (hi '.-per-spW '-ne-aK). See Splenomegalia.

Hypersthenia \hi-per-sthenr -e-ah) [virep, over; cdevog,
strength]. A condition of exalted strength or tone
of the body.

Hypersthenic (hiper-sthen'-ik) [virep, over; adevog,
strength]. Characterized by hypersthenia.

Hypersystole (Jii-per-sis'-to-le) \yirip, over ; ovotoXt],
systole]. An excessively strong systole.

Hyperthermia [hi-per-ther* -me-ah) [v^rep, over; ft
heat] . Excessive elevation of temperature.

Hyperthymia (hi-per-thi'-me-ah) \_i-ep, over; Ovfidg,
mind]. I. Mental hyperesthesia; morbid over-sen-
sitiveness. 2. Vehement cruelty or foolhardiness as
a symptom of mental disease. 3. Moral insanity.

Hypertonia (ki-per-to' -ne-ah) [yirip, over ; ~6vog, tone].
I. Excess of muscular tonicity. 2. Increased intra-
ocular tension.

Hypertonic (hi-per-ton'-ik) [virkp, over; rurog, tone].
Characterized by hypertonia.

Hypertrichiasis (ki-per-trik-i' -as-is) . See Hirsuties.

Hypertrichosis \hi-per-trik-o' -sis). See Hirsuties.

Hypertromos {hi-per^-tro-mos) [virkp, over; rpbpog,
tremor]. Excessive tremor or fear.

Hypertrophia [hi-per-tro' -fe-ah) [virep, over; rpoor/,
nourishment]. Same as Hypertrophy. H. cordis,
hypertrophy of the heart.

Hypertrophic (hi-per-trof'-ik) [virep, over; rpoOr/,
nourishment]. Marked by hypertrophy or excessive
si/e.

Hypertrophy [hi-per* '-tro-fe) [iirip, over; rpnoij, nour-
ishment]. This word etymologically denotes simply
over-nourishment, but it has unfortunately become
synonymous with excessive growth or size of an organ
or part (auxesis), whether this is due to over-nourish-
ment, over-use, or to any other condition. H., Cardiac,
may follow dilatation of the heart, or be caused by
valvular disease, diseased condition of the aorta,
diseases of the kidneys and other distant organs,
by constitutional disease, by excessive use of tobacco

■a

HYP1 RTROPIA
j ^ «nme n" 'l

H

H

Compcr. w"sl

.Hit

that
ig from

•i i'il.

I disappear.

urdiac

but with

H., Ex-

itation. H.,

■

H., Idio-

ither

al, ■•'' "' tllc

the heart-

cr than usual,

H

H . Simj

ged. H.,

. in .ui i in the

H
H,

H

H

H

H

I

H

H

H

H

-

blood,
wrw and

I - ... over ;
| ' uric acid in

. - . over;

i treating some dis-
nr.
under;

jned

: pi., Hyph<e\.

i fungus ; the
um.
i . blood].

j. I i'Tiinrrhage

. under; o^xjair,

.
ii in which the veins
iphyl.

nee].

web; ui

■

fiber].

I

'•• d

illine,

; an

l!\ PN< I I ISM

Hypniater | hip-tie* -a-ter) [virvog, sleep ; 'tar/'/p, practi-
l somnambulistic or clairvoyant doctor; a
hypnotiz< r "i mesmerist

Hypnic [hip'-nik) [vm>uc6g, producing sleep]. I. Per-
taining to or inducing sleep. 2. An agent that induces
or influences sleep.
Hypnobat, or Hypnobate {hip' -no-bat) [imvog, sleep ;

walking]. A sleep walker; somnambulist.
Hypnobatia [hip-no-ba* -she-ah) ['rrri'og, sleep ; jiarog,

walking]. Somnambulism!
Hypnocyst [Aip*-no-sist] [vwvog, .sleep; Kvartg, bladder].
In biology, an 1 1 unicellular organism not un-

oing sporulation.
Hypnogenetic, Hypnogenic, Hypnogenous [hip no
jen-et'-ik, hip-no-jen'-ik, hip-noj' '-en-us) [yirvog, sleep ;
"luce]. I. Producing or inducing sleep.
2. Inducing hypnotism.
Hypnography [hip-nog* -ra-fe). Same as Hypnol
Hypnolepsy [hip* -no-lep-se) (yirvog, sleep; M/ipig, seiz-
ure]. Narcolepsy; morbid sleepiness.
Hypnology [hip-nol* -o-je) \ji>TTi>or, sleep; W6yog, sci-
ence]. The science of sleep, its disorders, and its
hygienic effi 1
Hypnone [hip'-non). See Acetophenone.
Hypnopathy [hip-nop*-ath-e] [yirvog, sleep ; mifloc, dis
ease]. Sleep due to a diseased or morbid condition
of the body, brain, or mind; also, narcolepsy; sleepy
disease.
Hypnophobia (hip-no-fo* -be-ak) [yirvog, sleep ; <j>6f3og,
fear]. Morbid dread of sleep; also, nightmare or
night-terror.
Hypnosis [hip-no* -sis\ [imvoq, sleep]. An artificial
condition produced by hypnotizing. Also, the grad-
ual approach of sleep. H., African. See African
Lethargy.
Hypnosperm [hip* -no-sperm) [yirvog, sleep; arttpfin,
seed]. In biology, a resting spore. Cf. Ilypnosporc.
Hypnospore [hip -no-spor) [hx-vog, sleep; aTropd, a

spore]. In biology, a resting spore.
Hypnotherapy [hip-no-ther'-ap-e) [uirvoc, sleep;

depaireia, healing]. Hypnotic treatment of disease.
Hypnotic [hip-not* -ik) [imvaQ, sleep]. A remedy that
causes sleep. A soporific. Also, pertaining to hyp
notism.
Hypnotism {hip'-not-izm) [iirrvog, sleep]. A state of
artificial somnambulism ; it may be produced by va-
rious means, as, for example, by having the subject
look with concentrated attention at any small object so
near that effort is required to converge the axes of the
eyes. It is characterized by a partial or complete absence
of volition, sensation, ami self-consciousness, except so
much as conn, from the hypnotizer or some dominat-
ing will or idea. There are four main methods of in-
ducing hypnotism, all originating in France. These
follows: Charcot's Method; it consists in
making pressure over the eyeballs, and, finally,

rubbing the top of the head. Luys' Transference
Method; tin- hypnotism is induced by having the
patient s'n with his back to the light and look steadily
at a rapidly revolving mirror placed two or three 1 1
from him. on which the li^ht 1- directly shining. The
constant flash of the light soon wearies the eyes and
produces sleep. Nancy Method; in this method
hypnotism i> induced by means of suggestion entirely,
the patient submitting to the will of the operator.
Voisin's Method; Braidism ; the patienl lie,
upon ih. broad of his back and gazes steadily at
a bright silvered ball, suspended from the ceiling
and at a distant 1 oi aboul nine inches from his eyes.
The method of fascination is also used, the operator
gazing fixedly in the subject's eyes at a distance of
aboii' a loot. See, also, Somnambulism.

hvi'.m >Ti/.\i;i.i;

.-,!<::

IIYPODERM VTOMY

Hypnotizable [hip-not-W -ab-l) [yirvog, sleep]. Sus-
ceptible of being hypnotized.

Hypnotization (hip-// hun)\\ irvot , sleep ;facere,

to make]. The employment oi the means used to

hypnotize a person ; the induction of hypnotism.

Hypnotoid [hip' -not-oid) [ynvog, sleep ; eifiog, form].
Resembling hypnotism.

Hypo- [hif-po-) [/to, under]. A prefix denoting defi-
ciency or lack.

Hypo [hip'-o) [biro, under]. A popular name for hy-
pochondriasis, lowness "I spirits, or imaginary illness,
or exaggeration of slight ailments.

Hypoaemia [hi-po-e' -me-ah). Sec Hyphemia.

Hypoalbuminosis [hi-po-al-bu-min-of-sis). See Hyp-
albuminosis and Hypoleukontemia.

Hypoalonemia [hi-po-al-o-ne' '-me-ah) [bird, under ; akg,
salt, uauv, of salts ; aifia, blood]. A deficiency of
the salts of the blood.

Hypoaria [hi-po-a' '-re-ah) [bird, under ; udpiov, dim. of
a6v, an egg]. In biology, a pairol oval ganglia found
on the \eutral side of the region of the thalami in
most lishes.

Hypoblast {ki> -po-blast) [bir6, under ; >/<in-,,r, sprout].
The internal layer of the blastoderm, or the ental
layer of cellsof the embryo of a metazoan ; it is called,
also, the endoderm, endoblast, entoderm, or epithelio-
glandular layer; from it is developed the intestinal
epithelium (except that of the mouth and anus) and
that of the glands opening into the intestines ; also,
the epithelium of the air-passages.

Hypoblepharon [hi-po-blef -ar-on) [bird, under; .->>.■-
ipapov, lid J . i. An artificial eye. 2. A swelling
under the eyelid.

Hypobromite [hi-po-bro' '-mil) \jtm6, under; 3po>png,
stench]. A salt of hypobromous acid. H. Method,
a method of estimating the quantity of urea in urine,
based upon the fact that when urea is acted upon by
sodium hypobromite (or calcium hypochlorite) it is
decomposed into nitrogen, carbon dioxid, and water.

Hypobulia [hi-po-bu' '-le-ah) [bird, under; fiovTJi, will].
Loss or deficiency of will-power.

Hypocardia [hi-po-kar' -de-ah) [bird, under; mpdia,
heart]. Downward displacement of the heart.

Hypocatalepsis [hi-po-kat-al-ep' sis) [bird, under; Kara,
down; '/au'vnriv, to seize]. Slight catalepsy, or epi-
lepsy.

Hypocatharsis {hi-po-kath-ar* '-sis) [bird, under; na6-
aipsLv, to purge]. A gentle purgation.

Hypochilium [hi-po-hil' -e-um) [/to, under; jfZ/or,
the lip: pi. , Hypochilia\. In biology, the lower part
of the lip of certain orchids.

Hypochlorhydria [hi-po-klor-hif -dre-ah) [bird, under;
Xkupoq, green; vdup, water]. A condition in which
there is a diminished amount of HC1 in the gastric
juice. It is usually associated with an overproduction
of lactic acid, and is often due to a state of lowered
general nutrition.

Hypochlorite [hi-po-klo' -rit) [bird, under; yPopoc,
green]. Any salt of hypochlorous acid. Calcium
hypochlorite is the essential constituent of bleaching
powder.

Hypochlorous Acid [hi-po-klo' -rus). See Acid.

Hypocholesteremia [hi-po-ko-les-ter-e' '-me-ah) \
under; \"'///, bile; oreap, fat; aiua, blood]. Decrease
or deficiency of the cholesterin of the blood.

Hypochondria [hi-po-kon' -dre-ah) [bud, under;
Spar, cartilage]. I. The regions below the costal
arches on either side. 2. Same as Hypochondriasis.

Hypochondriac [hi-po-kon' -dre-ak) [/.to, under;
Spog, cartilage]. I. Pertaining to the hypochon-
drium. 2. A person who is affected with hypochon-
driasis.
38

Hypochondriasis [hi-po kon-dri' -as-is) [imoxovApiaids,
affei (cd in the hypochondria]. A disturbance of the
functions oi the nervous system similar to that in mel-
ancholia, in which the patient believes himself suffer-
ing from bodily disease. It i- characterized by alternate
spells oi moodiness and excitability. H. pituitosa.
Synonym oi Membranous Enten

Hypochondrium [hi-po- kon'-dre ions [/ to, under ;

if, cartilage: pi., Hypochondria]. The upper lat-
eral region on either -ide of the mesial line of the
abdomen .

Hypochromatemia [hi-po-kro-ma . un-

der; xj)i„u(i. color; alfia, blood]. Deficiency of the
coloring-matter of the blood.

Hypochromatic [hi-po-kro-mat* -ik)[bi\d , under; piiud,
1]. 1 •< in i- -nt in coloring-matter.

Hypochromia [hi-po-kro1 -me-ah) [wd, under; Xi"
color]. Abnormal pallor or transparency of the skin,
occurring in certain skin-disi

Hypochrosis [hi-po- kro' -sis) [imd, under;

coloring]. Abnormal paleness ; lack of normal col-
oration.

Hypochyma [hi-po-ki' '-mah) [/to, beneath ; x^eiv> to
pour]. An old name for cataract.

Hypocist (hi'-po-sisi) [/to, under; kmttoc, < i-tus]. 1.
The plant Cytinus hypocistis, of the old world. 2.
The dark astringent extract prepared by drying the
sap of the foregoing plant and the juice of its ber-
ries. It is useful for hemorrhages and diarrhea. Unof.

Hypoclidium [hi-po-kW '-de-um) [/to, under; K/.eig, a
key ; the clavicle : //. , Hypoclidia\ In biology, the
inferomedian process formed at the junction of the
clavicles of a bird.

Hypoclysis [liip-ok'-lis-is) [/to, under; K/.vcuog, a
clyster]. The administration of an enema.

Hypocotyl [hi-po-kotf -it) [/to, under; KoruXydav, coty-
ledon]. A short term for Hypocotyledoncnis stem.

Hypocotyledonous [hi-po-kot-il-e1 '-don-us)[im6, under ;
KOTLVJ/Auv, cotyledon]. In biology, situated below
the cotyledons.

Hypocraterimorphous [hif -po-kra-ter-im-or' -fits) [biro-
Kparijpiov, the stand of a crater ; uopQr, , form] . Applied
to certain flowers the corolla of which have a flat, spread-
ing limb surmounting a straight tube ; salver shaped.

Hypocyrtosis [hi-po-sir-to'-sis) [bird, under; KvpTuaig,
curvature]. A slight amount of curvature.

Hypocystotomy [hi-po- sis-tot' '-o-me) [bird, under;
rig, bladder; ro/ii/, a cut]. Perineal cystotomy.

Hypoderm [hir -po-derm) [i<~6, under; dippa, skin].
1. Subcutaneous tissue. 2. A hypodermatic injection.
3. In biology, applied to the epithelial membrane
lining the cuticular, crustaceous, or chitinous invest-
ment of arthropods ; also called Hypodermis.

Hypoderma [hi-po-der' '-mah) [/to, under: . -kin].

In biology : I. A layer of cells, usually collenchyma,

just beneath the epidermis of a leaf or stem. 2. A

genus of dipterous insects, the bot-flies. See Parasites

timal), Table of.

Hypodermatic [hi-po- der-mat' '-ik) [/to, under; 6'eppa,
skin]. Pertaining to that which is under the skin, or
to the introduction of medicines beneath the skin.

Hypodermatoclysis [hi-po-der-mat-ok' '-lis-is) , or Hy-
podermoclysis [hi-po-der-mok' -lis-is), [i-o. under;
deppa, skin ; a'/inir. injection]. A method of supply-
ing fluid to the body to replace that lost through ex-
cessive purging, as in cholera, or in cases of hemor-
rhage. It consists in the introduction into the subcu-
taneous tissues of certain quantities of normal saline
si ilution.

Hypodermatomy [hi-po-der-mat'-o-me) [bird, under:
deppa, skin ; ripveiv, to cut]. Subcutaneous surgical
section of parts.

HVI'i >NAS1 \

•

m

i milk].

.
the by]

■ ■. the

■

Ding

.mi.
■

the

in the hypogastric

[/'t'I,

twin]. A double

a the

trohe:r. . i [,_">

II morrhage

-

trorrh rider ;

ght amount of

Qtration.
.xjgaeal inder

■

csis

■

. pro
H Nerve.

i the

[turd, under;
od]. I >eficien< \ of sugar in

Hypoglottis un. In ;

rhe under part of the tongue, attached to
.\ Also, a swelling al the under pan ol

Hypoglycemia

>gnathadenitis [wn$, mi

. gland ; trig, inflammation].

Inflammation of the submaxillary -land.

ognathous na-thus) [bird, under; , r.i"<« .

In biology, applied to animals in which the
r mandible i~ longer than the upper.
Hvpognathus | [im6, under; ;.-

i. A double monstrosit) in which the parasit

an. i. hed to the inferior maxillary bone.
Hypogynia (hi [im6, under;

woman]. The state of being hypogynous.
Hypogynous (hi-pof ' -in-us)[yTr6, undei | i , , fi male].

In biology, growing beneath the pistil; applied to

stamens or other floral organs that are inserted be-
lli the pistil.
Hypohaemia (hi-po- he' -me-ah). Sec Hypohemia.
Hypohematosis (fii-po-hem cit-o' under; alfia,

blood]. A diseased condition marked by hyphemia,
I in the amount of blood ; also, die produc-
tion, or process of inducing such a condition.
Hypohidrosis [hi-po-hid-ro1 -sis) [vtt6, under; i(S,i

sweating]. Scanty perspiration.
Hypohydremia {hi-po-hi-dre/ -me-ah) \vtzo, under;
i, water; alfia, blood]. Deficiency of water in

the blood.
Hypohypnosis (hi-po-hip-no* -sis) [vtt6, under; vkvoc,

sleep]. Imperfect or partial sleep.
Hypoinosemia (hi-po ■ in- o-se' -me-ah) \yiro, under ; ic,

liber; alpa, blood]. Decrease in the tendency to

the formation oi fibrin in the blood.
Hypokinesia, or Hypokinesis [hi-po-kin-e' '-se-ak, or

hi-po-kin-e' -sis) \im6, under; Kivrjocg, motion]. De-
ficiency in motor reaction under stimulation.
Hypoleukocythemia (hi-po-lu-ko-si-thef -me-ah) [

under; Xevudg, white; itbrog, a cell; aifia, blood].

I leficiency of white corpuscles in the blood.
Hypoleukocytosis [hi-po-lu-ko-si-tof -sis) \imb, under';

'tevK.6q, white ; itfrroc, cell]. Diminution in the number

of colei | uscles iii the Mood.

Hypolipemia (hi-po- lip-e' -me-ah) \jm6, under; 7

fal ; a\pa, blood]. Deficiency of fat in the blood.
Hypologia (hi-po-lo* -ge-ah) \yw6, under; 7J>yoqt word].

Pi eh as a symptom of cerebral disease.

Hypomania (hi-po-ma' '-ne-ah) \vtt6, under; fiavia,

madness]. A moderate degree of maniacal ex

altation.
Hypomelancholia (hi-po-mel-an-ko* ' -le-ah)\ym6, under ;

'"/ melancholia]. Moderate or reasoning

melani hi ilia.
Hypomenous (hi-pom' '-en-us) \yir6, under; uiveiv, to

remain]. Same as Hypogeru >us.
Hypomere (hi'-po-mir) \yir6, under; ukpog, a part]. In

biology, the lower half of certain sponges (r/i,i^

whii is of all thr< e fundamental laj

Hypometropia (hi-po- me-tro'pt [' ~". under:

ision]. Myopia.
Hypomnesis (hi-pom-ne' -sis) [yirdfivqoig, memory].

Memory <ir re< ollei tion.
Hypomoria (hi-po-nu \ vir6, under ; uupia, follj j

Slighl mental disorder.
Hypomyosthenia (hi-po-mi-os the' ne ah) \jm6, under;
. strength], I d ficiency in mus

Hyponasty, or Hyponastic Curvature (hi'-po-nc
[>-". under; vaar6q, close pressed]. In biology, a

HYPONEURIA

595

IIYD .1 111 < 11 M

curvature produced by growth on the under side of
an extended organ. Cf. Epinasty.
Hyponeuria [hi-po-nu' '-re-ah) \jm6, undei ;
nerve]. Slight or diminished nerv< pow

Hyponoetic(///-/v-//<< -<•/' -ik)\jm6, under ; voh]tik6^ under-
standing]. Under the control of the will.

Hyponome [hi' -po-noni) \yw6, under; . to dwell

in, to inhabit]. In biology, the exhalant funnel of a
cephaloj od.

Hyponomous [hi-pon' '-o-mus) [vk6, under; i

feed]. Spreading or eating below the surface; applied
to certain ulcers, etc.

Hypopepsia [hi-po-pep* '-se-ah)\yn6, under; tri \pic, diges-
tion]. A disorder of digestion in which there is a
notable diminution in the functional activity, glandular
and chemic, ol the stomach.

Hypophemia, Tropical. See Ankylostomiasis.

Hypophlceodic [hi-po-fle-odr-ik) [im6, under; tpii
bark]. In biology, situated beneath the hark.

Hypophlceous [hi-po-fle' -us). Same as Hypophlceodic.

Hypophosphite [hi-po-foi ' fit)[i rr<5, under; phosphorus].
Any .-.ill of hypophosphorous arid. Several hypo-
phosphites (as of calcium, potassium, sodium) are offi-
cial, and many others are used to a limited extent.

Hypophosphorous Acid [hi-po-fos-fo'-rus). See Acid.

Hypophrasia [hi-po-fra' -ze-ah) \im6, under; ippdaic,
phrase, utterance] . Meagerness or poverty of speech,
as a sign of cerebral disease.

Hypophyllium {hi-po-fiV -e-um) [incd, under; <pi//nr,
a leaf: //. , Hypophyllia\. In biology, a sheath-like
petiole, without lamin

Hypophyllous [hi-poff'-U-us) \y~6, under ; pt'//«r,
leaf]. Same as Hypogenous.

Hypophysemia [hi-po-fi-se1 -me-ah) \_i~6, under ;
$vca, air; atua, blood]. Deficiency of gaseous ele-
ments in the blood.

Hypophysis [hi-poff* '-is-is)[yir6, under; fvr.iv, to grow].
The pituitary body, q. v. ; sometimes called the H.
cerebri.

Hypoplasia [hi-po-pla1 '-ze-ah) [ynS, under; irMoeetv,
to mould]. Deficiency or arrested development of
any organ or tissue. See Aplasia.

Hypoplastemia [hi-po-plas-te' -me-ah). See Hypoplas-
tic,-mia.

Hypoplasticemia {lii-po-plas-tis-c' '-me-ali) [vtt6, under;
-'/ aa-iKoq, plastic ; ai/ia, blood]. Deficient plasticity
of the blood.

Hypopraxia [hi-po-praks'-e-ah) \yn6, under ; irpai-vc,
doing]. inactivity; listlessness ; inefficiency as a
sign or result of cerebral disorder.

Hypopselaphesia [hi-pop-sel-af-ef -ze-ah) [biro, under;
vij'/nQijiiic, touch]. Diminution of sensitiveness to
tactile impressions.

Hypoptilum [hi-pop> '-til-um) [y~6, under ; tz-'i?.ov,
feather: //. , Hypoptila\ In biology, the entire
after-shaft of a feather, including the vanes ; hypo-
rachis.

Hypoptyalism [hi-pop-ti' -al-izm) [vird, under ; Kroakia-
//<»;, ptyalism]. A mild or slight ptyalism.

Hypopygium [hi-po-pijf -e-itm) [yx6, under ; -r; /;, the
rump: />/., Hypopygia\ In biology, the male clasp-
ing-organ of dipterous insect-.

Hypopyon [hi-po1 '-pe-on) [y~6, under; wvov, pus]. A
collection of pus in the anterior chamber of the eye,
secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues.

Hypoquebrachin {hi-po-kwe-brakr -in) [i~u, under;
quebracho], C^II.^Xj >2. An alkaloid of Quebracho,
occurring in yellow masses, melting at about 8o° C. ,
and soluble in alcohol and ether.

Hyporachis [hi-porr -ak-is) [vir6, under; pa \>c, the
spine]. In biology, the stem or rachis of the after-
shaft ; the hypoptilum of a feather

Hyporadioli [hi-po ra-di'-o-li) [bird, under ; radius,
radius]. In biology, the barbules of the after -haft of
a feather.
Hyporrhea [hi-por-e* '-ah} \\m6, under ; p >w].

A slight hemorrh

Hyposmia [hi-poz* -me-ah) [y7c6, under; ■>",. smell].

1 diminution of th if smell.

Hypospadia, or Hypospadias [hi-po-spaf -de-ah, h

, to draw]. An abnormal
opening and ending of the urethra upon the undei
surface of the penis, or in the under wall of the urethra.

It is variously classed, a ding to the position of it.i

opening, as glandular tor balanic i, balano-penile,
penile, peno-scrotal, scrotal, or perineal. Certain
tribe- of the Arab-. Africans, and native Australians
produce an artificial hypospadias.

Hypostaphylitis [hi-po-staf-ili' under;

GTCMfir/ir, uvula; itic, inflammation]. Slight inflam-
mation of the uvula.

Hypostasis [hi-pos' -tas-is)\b~6r,Tanir , a standing under].
A word loosel) used to denote feces, or any sediment
falling from a liquid, especially the sediment of urine.
Also, a form of passive hyperemia caused by the de-
pendent position of the part affected.

Hypostatic [hi-po-stat* -ik) [imdoTaoic, a standing
under]. Due to, or of the nature of, hypostasis. H.
Congestion. Same as Hypostasis, q. v. H. Pneu-
monia, I'iorry"s term for the variety of pneumonia
secondary to most of the acute febrile diseases, and
occurring in the final stage of many chronic diseases.
It is in part due to the mechanic gravitation of blood
to the part affected, as to the back, in cases of long-
continued dorsal decubitus.

Hyposternum [hi-po-ster1 '-num) \jtm6, under; r-ipvov,
the breast: //. , Hypostema\ In biology, the third
lateral piece of the plastron of a turtle ; also called
Hypoplastron.

Hyposthenia [ki-po-sthe' '-ne-ah) [wrd, under ; afiivoc,
strength]. Weakness; subnormal strength.

Hyposthenic [hi-po-sthen' -ik) [i'-o, under; aOevoc,
strength]. I. Tendency to, or characterized by, hy-
posthenia ; applied to diseases that are more than or-
dinarily enfeebling. 2. A medicine that reduces the
action of the heart without affecting its rhythm.

Hypostoma {hi-pos/ -to-tnah) \irtr6, under; aropa,
mouth://., Hypostomata\ In biology, applied (a)
by Meigen and Bouche to the clypeus of Diptera, and
1 iy Meinert to a curved broad sclerite behind the lamina
labialis of the inner stipes in the mouth of Myriopods ;
(l>) to the proboscis of Hydroidea.

Hypostomatous [hi-po-sto' -mat-us) or Hypostomous
{hi-pos' '-to-mus) \_i-6, under; a~6fia, mouth]. In
biology, having the mouth inferior or ventral.

Hypostome [hif -po-stom). Same as Hypostoma.

Hypostyptic [hi-po-stip/ -tik) [>-6, under; otutttucSc,
astringent], I. Moderately or mildly styptic. 2. A
mildly styptic medicine.

Hyposynergia [hi-po-sin-erf-je-ah) \jm6, under; cvvtp-
a, cooperation]. Defective coordination.

Hyposystole Uii-po-sis' -to-le) [/to, under; ovcrn'/t,,
systole]. Deficiency of the cardiac systole.

Hyposystolia [hi-po^sis-to'-le-ah). See Hyposystole.

Hypotension [ki-po-ten' '-shun) \yii6, under; /
a stretching], I Hminished or abnormally low tension ;
hypotonia.

Hypothallus [hi-po-thaV -us) [vtt6, under; Ha/

young -hoot or branch, a frond : pi. , Hypothalli\ In
biology, a delicate filamentous mass upon which is
developed the thallus of a lichen.

Hypothecium [hi-po-the' -se-um) \vk6, under; Or/Kr),a.
case]. In biology, that portion of a lichen thallu*
immediately around or beneath the apothecium.

HYPOTHEXAR

H<

, ,n t !

ilm].
. the

II-

H

H

Hvpothermy
1. De-

i

•

H

H

Hypourcm

oun
poun

n

h

■ nor-

•n].
H . Gastric, ondi-

■
tomol

i ding

imina in

Main

the anterior

■

.-, hair].
i infusoria as have the
•

\ defect in the con-

nism. It

much in

veil in the same

- . under ; ovpov,
the urea nor-

: - . under ;
. the uric acid

. ■
j. A deiii ient 01

under ; fa

J ing admin
: 11
quantitii

:i found

-id-

inthin appears to
<ion
i previoi
[| proi

[| i non-

ratio

ioth],

i fur-

. ill-

HYSTERIC

Mountain-sickness; balloon-sickness; charac-
terized by nausea, headache, epistaxis, etc.

llvpsophobia [hip-so-fo* -be-ah) [» ■ ■>< . height; <>-

Morbid dread of being at a great height;
iphi 'hia.

Hypsophyl, [hip* ■ on high ; or'/ /or, a leaf].

[n ; me of the leaf like or bract-like structures

subtending a flower or an inflorescence.

Hypsopistnius [hip-so-pis' '-tht us) [vijfi, on high; bwio-

iput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which

the angle included between the radius fixus and the

line joining the hormion and lambda is between 350

and 410.

Hypural [hip-u'-ral) [vw6, under; obpd, tail]. In bi'
ology, located beneath the tail.

Hyraceum {hi-ra' 'se-um) [vpaf, a mouse]. -\ product

from South Africa, somewhat resembling castoreum,

and believed to be an excretion, perhaps fecal, of

ffyrax ■ the 50-called South African cony or

It- use is the same as that of castor.

Hyssop ihis'-op) [yoouncoq, an aromatic plant]. Hedge-
hyssop. The leaves and tops of Hyssopus officinalis,
an aromatic stimulant, carminative, and tonic, much
employed in chronic catarrh of the respiratory tract.
1 >ose of tin- lid. ext. 3J-1J." Unof. See also Lophan-
thus and Gratiola.

Hystera [his '-ter-ah ) [yoTlpa, womb]. The uterus or
womb. Also, the vulva. Also, the placenta or after-
birth.

Hysteralgia [his-ter-aP '-je-ah) \jjarkpa, womb; akyoq,
pain]. 1'ain in the womb.

Hysteranesis [hister-anf-esis) [yaripa, womb; aveoir,
relaxation]. Relaxation and atony of the uterus.

Hysteranthous [his-ter-an' -thus) [yorepog, later; av6og,
a flower]. In biology, applied to plants in which tin-
leaves do not appear till after the flowers have appeared.

Hysteratresia [his-ter-at-re' -ze-ah) [inrspa, womb ;
arperog, imperforate]. An imperforate or impervious
condition of the mouth of the womb.

Hysterauxesis (his-ter-awks-e' '-sis) [vorepa,, womb;
enlargement]. Enlargement of the uterus,
normal (as in pregnancy) or abnormal.

Hysterectomy [his-ter-ek' '-to-me) [iaripa, womb;
//;, a cutting out]. Excision or removal of the
womb by surgical operation. H., Vaginal, removal
of the womb through the vagina.

Hysterelcosis {his-ter-el-ko* '-sis) [irrrf[>a, womb; ••'/-
Kuotc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the uterus.

Hysteria [his-te' -re-ah) [yorepa, womb]. A functional
disturbance of the nervous system, supposed by early
physicians to be due to a disordered condition of
the womb. It is now often considered a neurosis;
it is not with certainty known whether it is due to
structural alteration in any part of the central nervous
system, or to abnormal blood supply. Paralyses, impair-
ment of vision, convulsions, sensory disturbances, and
psychic manifestation-, an- usually prominent symp-
Major and minor types are differentiated.
The popular significance of the term is that of feigned
disease, but tin- physician usually considers the
attic lion real. It is more frequently encountered in
females than in male-. H., Epileptiform, a synonym
ot . frilepsy. H., Major, hystero-epilepsy. H.,

Minor, hysteria of a mild form.

Hysteric, Hysterical (liis-ter'-ik, kis-ter' -ik-al)\yarkpa,

womb]. Pertaining to hysteria, </. r\ Also, pertaining

the womb. H. Temperature. See Thermal Ataxia.

H. Breast, a condition of the breast in neurotic

women marked by excessive superficial tenderness,

diffuse swelling, constant variation in size and hard-

, and by the recurrence of these symptoms at the

ustrual epochs. H. Dyspnea, intensely rapid

HYSTERICISM

597

HYSTEROPSOPHY

breathing, 50 to 150 respiration, per minute, occurring
in neurotic individuals, without 1 riding alt

tion of the pulse rate. H. Somnolence, the early stage
or lighter form of //. Trance. H. Trance, a peculiar
condition in which the patient sinks into a lethargic,
corpse-like condition, lasting from a few hours to se\
days.

Hystericism [his-ter' -is-izm) [varipa, womb]. The
hysteric diathesis or temperament; proneness to the
exhibition of hysteric symptoms.

Hysterics [his-ter' -i&s)[yorepa,womb]. A popular term
for hysteric or convulsive movements and conditions.

Hysteriencephalitis [his-ter-e-en-sef-al-i' -tis ) [voi
womb; eya tpatov, brain; trig, inflammation]. En-
cephalitis and meningitis following repeated attacks of
hysteria.

Hysterionica [his-ter-e-on' '-ik-ah) [yaripa, womb]. A
composite-flowered herb of South America ( //. bayla-
huen) of considerable efficacy in the treatment of
acute and chronic affections of the respiratory appar-
atus. It is also a stomachic and intestinal antiseptic
of value in the treatment of flatulent dyspepsia. Dose
of the fluid extract fi\v— xv. Lnof.

Hysteritis [his ter-i'-tis). See Metritis.

Hysterizable (his-ler-iz'-a-bl) [varipa, womb; able,
able]. Capable of being thrown into a hysteric con-
dition.

Hystero- [hisr -ter-o-) [yarepa, uterus]. A prefix sig-
nifying relation to the uterus, or to hysteria.

Hysterocatalepsy [his-ter-o-kaf -al-ep-se) [yaripa,
womb; Kara/i/il'ir, catalepsy]. A form of hysteria
accompanied by catalepsy.

Hyjterocele [his' -ter-o-sel) [varipa, uterus; nif/i], her-
nia]. Hernia containing the uterus, or part of it.

Hysterocl*eisis [his-ter-o-kli'-sis) [varipa, womb ;
n'/siaig, closure]. The closure of the os uteri by scari-
fying and suturing the labia ; an operation formerly
employed in the treatment of vesico-uterine fistula.

Hysterocyesis [his-ter-o-si-e'-sis)[varipa,'womh; Kvr/aig,
pregnancy]. Uterine pregnancy.

Hysterocystocele [his-ter-o-sis'-to-sSl) [varipa, womb ;
Kvanc, bladder ; ktjIjj, hernia]. Hysterocele compli-
cated by cystocele ; hernia of the womb and the
bladder, or parts of them.

Hystero-demonopathy [his-ter- 0- de -mon-op' '-ath-e)
[varipa, womb; fiaiuuv, a demon; rrdftog, disease].
Hysteric demonopathy or demonomania.

Hysterodynia [his-ter-o-din' -e-ah) [varipa, womb ;
bdvvrj, pain]. Pain in the womb.

Hystero-epilepsy [his-ter-o-epr1 ' -il-ep-se)[varipa, womb ;
E7uA?]ipia, epilepsy]. A form of hysteria accompanied
by convulsions resembling those of epilepsy. Gowers
advises the term hysteroid in reference thereto.

Hystero- epileptogenous [his' -ter-o-ep-il-ep-tojf -en-us)
[iaripa, womb; t-i?.r/xj)!a, epilepsy; yevvav, to pro-
duce]. Producing hysteric epilepsy.

Hysterogenic [his-ter- o-jenf -ik)\yaripa, womb; yevvav,
to beget]. Causing or producing hysteria.

Hysterogenic [his-ter-o-jen' '-ik) [varepog, later; yiveia,
produce, bear]. In biology, applied to intercellular
spaces or structures appearing late in the life of a
plant. Cf. Protogoii .

Hysterogeny [his-ter-of '-en-e) [varipa, womb; yevvav,
to produce]. The induction of the hysteric state or
paroxysm.

Hysteroid (his'-ter-oid) [variant, womb; f Idoo, form].
Resembling hysteria. See Hystero-epilepsy. H. Con-
vulsions, convulsive movements with hysteric symp-
toms in various organic diseases of the brain, in
epilepsy, and in hydrophobia.

Hysterolith [his' -ter-o- lith) [yaripa, womb; ?J6og,
stone]. Calculus or stone in the womb.

Hysterolithiasis [his-ter-o-lith-i'-as-i . womb ;

aaig, the formation of calculi]. The formation of

hysteroliths.
Hysterology [his-ter-ol' '-o-je) [varipa, womb; /

nee]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology,

of the uterus.
Hysteroloxia Uiis-ter-o-loks' '-e-ak) [varipa, womb;

/<«-,<, oblique]. Oblique displacement or position of

the uterus.
Hysteromalacia [his-ter-o-mal-a'-se-ah)[varipa,womb ;

»">"> ". softness]. Softening of the tissues of the

womb.
Hysteromalacoma [his-ter-o-mal-ak-o'-mah) [varipa,

womb; (/-// .iij. Softening of the womb or of

any part of it.
Hysteromania [his-ter-o-ma'-ne-ah) [varipa, womb;

fiavia, madness]. Hysteric insanity ; also, nympho-
mania.
Hysterometer [his-ter-om' '-et-er)[varipa, womb

measure]. An instrument for measuring the length

of the intra-uterine cavity.
Hysterometry [his-ter-om' -et-re) [varipa, womb;

/I'm. measure]. The measurement of the womb or of

its internal space.
Hysteromyoma [his-ter-o-mi-o'-mah) [varipa, womb;

uvg, muscle ; opa, tumor : //. , Hysteromyomatd\. My-
oma or fibro-myoma of the womb.
Hysteromyomatous [his-ter-o-mi-o' inat-tis) [varipa,

womb ; five, muscle ; o/ta, tumor]. Of the nature of

or pertaining to hysteromyoma.
Hysteromyomectomy ( his ' - ter- o- mi-o- mek' - to - me]

[varipa, uterus; fivg, muscle; enro/ii/, excision].

Removal of a hysteromyomatous growth. Removal

of the body or supravaginal portion of the uterus for

fibroid tumor.
Hysteroncus [his-ter- ong' -kits) [iarepa, womb ; dynog,

a tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the uterus.
Hysteroneurasthenia [his'- ter - o - uu- ras-the'-ne-ah)

[varipa, womb ; vevpov, nerve ; aodevela, weakness].

Neurasthenia resulting from womb-disease.
Hystero-neurosis [his' '-ter-o-nu-ro' '-sis) [varipa,

womb; rehpov, nerve; voaoc, disease]. A reflex ac-
tion resulting from irritation of the uterus.
Hystero-oophorectomy [his' -ter-o-o-off-or-ek' -to-me)

[varipa, womb; uooopoc, egg-bearing; enropi/, a

cutting out]. The surgical removal of the uterus and

ovaries together.
Hystero-paralysis [his-ter-o-par-aV '-is-is) [varipa,

womb; itapakvaig, palsy]. Paralysis or weakness of

the walls of the womb.
Hysteropathic [his-ter-o-path' '-ik) [yaripa, womb ;

77<iHor, disease]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to,

hysteropathy.
Hysteropathy [his-ter-op' -ath-e)\yaripa, womb ; -adog,

disease]. Any disease or disorder of the womb. Also,

hysteria.
Hysteropathy [his-ter-op' -ath-e) [varepog, later ; -adog,

illness]. Same as Deuteropathy.
Hysteropexia, Hysteropexy [his-ter-o-peks' -e-ah, his'-

ter-o-peks-e) [varipa, womb ; ?n£f/c, a fastening]. Ab-
dominal fixation of the uterus by a surgical operation.
Hysterophore [his' -ter-o- for) [varipa, womb; dopog,

bearing]. A form of uterine pessary.
Hysterophrenic -o-fren'-ik) [varipa, womb ;

r. the mind]. Opposed to hysterogenic.
Hysteroplegia [his-ter-o-pW -je-ah) [varipa, womb;

-'/>,] ■/,. a stroke]. Same as Hystero-paralysis.
Hysteropnix [his-ter-op' -niks) [yaripa, womb; -. .-.

suffocation]. Globus hystericus.
Hysteropsophy \ his-ter-op' -so-fe) ['varipa. womb;
. sound, utterance]. The escape of air from the

Uterus with an audible sound.

K'AIIN

■
n itli

c

nib ;
■til) ;

•nil ;
■mli ;

I
\ knife f"r

rostomatotomy

[wr-
•i]. Surgical
it 1 1\ a cutting

>tokotomy

liirth ; - . section], I !esarean
in, "i delivery through an incision into the

Hysterotome (A tdni) [yorkpa, womb; rop.fi, a

cutting]. A hysterotomy-knife or cutting instrument
in hysterotomy.
Hysterotomotocia (his-ter-o-to-m ih\ [bar

utting ; riiKnr, birth]. An incision
into the womb for the removal of a fetus; hysteroto

■111V.

Hysterotomy {liis-ter-oP -o-me) [yorepa, womb; -

i -Surgical incision of the uterus. 2. Cesa-
;ii section. See Cesarean Operation.
Hysterotrachelorrhaphy {his - tcr-o - tra-kel-or4 '-ra-fe)
romb ; rpaxjl^og, neck; /'mo//, suture]. \
plastii operation fur the restoration of a lacerated
1 ervix uteri.
Hysterotrachelotomy | his-ter-o-tra-kel-otf -o-me) [ia-
1, womb . neck ; --.//;,, section]. Surgi-

cal ini tsion ol the neck of the womb.
Hystero-traumatism [his-tn ' mat-ism)\ycn

womb; rpavpa, wound]. Hysteric symptoms due to
or following traumatism.
Hysterotrismus {his-ter-o-triz'-mus) [yoripa, womb;

, a creaking]. Spasm of the uterus.
Hystriciasis (his-tris-i* -as-is) \yoTptf-, a hedgehog].
\ disease of the hair in which the latter " stares" or
stands Stiffly out like the hair of the hedgehog.
Hystricismus {his-tris-iz'-mtis). See Ichthyosis hystrix.
Hystrix (///V-ttihs) \yo~rpi%, porcupine]. Same as
Ichthyosis hystrix.

I.

Ii«lin.

. remedy; I

rapeutics;

. cure]. Medical or

[ larr/.

■' art or

fric-

ice of
dical

Pertain
■ ] A Greek pi
hemic.-.: ./.,.„.

mic

■

anilid; an odorless and non-toxic antiseptic agent, said
to be three times as effective, weight for weight, as
iodoform. Unof.

Iatroliptic {i-at-ro-lif -tik) . See latraliptic.

Iatrology {i-at-rol' -o-je) [larpdg, physician; Uyog,
]. The science of medicine;' an account of,
or treatise on, physicians.

Iatromathematician (/- at - ro - math - cm - at - is//'- an)
[larpdg, physician; uafh/pariicSg, a mathematician].
A physician of a 17th century school (chiefly Italian)
whirl, ascribed vital activities to the sizes of por.^
and pari friction and consequent retardation,

and to other mechanical causes, lb- asserted that
all vital phenomena an- mechanical.

Iatrophysics {i-at-ro-fiz' -iks) [larpdg, physician ; tjwrn-
, pertaining to nature]. The relation' of physics to
medicine orthe application of physics to disease or thera-
peuti< s. The materialistic explanation of disease ; ap-
plied especially to an obsolete theory of the 17th cen-
tury, thatsoughtto explain physiologic and therapeutic
fai ts by means of the principles of physics (dynamics
and - 11

Iatrotechnics {i-at-ro-tek» '-niks) [larpdg, physician,-

[ The an of healing.

Iba [African]. Gaboon chocolate; a substi-

olate from Irvingia %abonensis, asimaru-

1 W. Africa. Unof.

Icajin ( in) [African, icaja]. A poisonous alka-

loid derived from an African ordeal-drug called icaja.

K I

599

[( HTHY< »TOXI< I M

It somewhat resembles brucin, and is probably derived
from some species of Strophanthus. Unof.
Ice (is) [ME., ise, ice]. Water in its solid Mate, to
which it is reduced by a temperature of o° centigrade,
or 320 Fahrenheit. I. -bag, a l.a^ of waterproof ma
terial filled with ice, for application to any part of the
body. I. -cap, a bladder <>r rubber cap tilled with
pounded ice for application to the bead in caseof con-
gestion. I. -cot, abedcooled by ice, so as to reduce the
temperature of the patient. I. -cradle, a device that
consists in the suspension over a febrile patient in
heel, by means of iron frames or barrel-hoops, of a
number of zinc buckets kept half-filled with ice and
enclosed in a light covering. The patient is covered
with a muslin sheet and provision is made for the circu-
lation of pure air in the cradle. The temperature of
the patient is to be taken at leasl every tour hours, and
if it falls to ioo° the apparatus is to be removed. If a
sense of chilliness appears bot bottles are to be applied
to the feet. I. -poultice, or I. -compress, an applica-
tion of broken ice used tor local refrigeration.
Iceland {is'-land) [Ml... ise, ice; ME., land, land].
An island of the Arctic Ocean. I. Moss. See Cetra-
ria. I. Spar, a transparent calcium carbonate, crys-
tallized in rhomboidal prisms. It has the property of
dividing and doubly refracting a ray of light.
Ichor {il-kor) [i^w/J, serum, or pus]. An acrid and

thin puriform discharge from an ulcer or wound.
Ichoroid, or Ichorous (if -kor-oid, i'-kor-us) [<;)>>/}>
serum, or pus; eldog, like]. Resembling or relating
to pus containing serum and disintegrated tissue.
Ichorrhea (i-kor-e* -ah) [inup, pus; poiu, a flow]. A

copious flow of ichor.
Ichorrhemia (i-kor-e' '-me-ah ) [< \up, ichor; aifia, blood].
The presence in the blood of ichorous matter; septice-
mia; pyemia.
Ichthiasis (ik-thi'-as-is). See Ichthyosis.
Ichthidin (ik? -thid-in) [l^/'f, Ash]. A substance re-
sembling lardacein, but obtained from the eggs of
cyprinoid fishes.
Ichthin (ik'-thin) [Ix&ug, fish]. An albuminous sub-
stance obtained from the eggs of some fishes, and also
from cartilaginous fishes and frogs.
Ichthulin (ik'-thu-lin) [t;rt%C, a fish ; v'/tj, matter]. A
lardaceous substance, with the percentage-composi-
tion, C52.5H8N15.2SjP0.6, found in the eggs of fishes
and in salmon. It is akin to ichthin and ichthidin.
Ichthyiasis [ik-the-i' '-as-is). Same as Ichthyosis.
Ichthyic (ik'-the-ik) [ix6vin6g, of a fish, fishy]. Per-
taining to, or resembling, a fish ; piscine ; ichthyoid ;
ichthyo-morphic ; icthyopsidan.
Ichthyisation [ik-the-iz-a' '-shun) [Ixdvg, fish]. In
biology the process of intensification of fish-like char-
acters.
Ichthyocolla [ik-the-o-kol'-ah) \lx6vg, fish; k6/><i,
glue]. Isinglass. The air-bladder of the sturgeon,
Acipenser huso. It occurs in horny, translucent, white
sheets, that form a jelly with hot water. It is the
purest form of gelatin, and is used as a food, for clari-
fying liquids, and as a test for tannic acid. I., Em-
plastrum, court-plaster ; it consists of isinglass 10,
glycerin I, alcohol 40, water and tinct. benzoin q. s. ,
spread upon fine white silk bolting-cloth and dried.
Ichthyography (ik-the-og' -ra-fe) [i .y"'V, fish; ypatyeiv,

to write]. A description of fishes; ichthyology.
Ichthyoid (ik'-the-oid) [t^flvc, fish ; eldog, form]. Re-
sembling a fish ; fish-like.
Ichthyol \ik'-the-ol) [<(""'. fish \ oleum, oil], < , II ,
S.\a,Ot..' Sodium sulpho-ichthyolate. A preparation
obtained from certain varieties of fossiliferous shale oc-
curring in the Tyrolese Alps. It has a characteristic
bituminous odor and taste. It is a good antiphlogistic,

and has proved efficient in eczema and psoriasis, and
in gynecology. It is used in the form of a 10 to 20
per tent, ointment, as a solution in glycerin, equal
[.arts, or in the pure state. I., German. \iol.

Ichthyology \ ik-lhe-ol' -o-je ['!"''• fish ; 7J>\ •« . science].
1 fie scieni e of fishes, their anatomy, distribution,
and bioli
Ichthyomorphic (ik-the-o-mor' ' -fik) [Ix^iig, a fish ; /.-.
form]. In biology, having the morphologic characters
of a fish ; ichthyopsidan.
Ichthyophagous (ik-the-ojf'-a, u [ dig,

to eat]. Fish-eating. A word applied to such ani-
mals as subsist on lish.
Ichthyopterygium 1 ik-the-op-ter-ij' -e-um) [i 1 "< < . a fish ;
, a wing or fin]. The fore-limb or hind-
limb of a vertebrate, modified as a fin.
Ichthyosis [ik-the-o' -sis) \l^6vg, fish; vdaog, disease].
Xeroderma ichthyoides, Ichthyosis vera, fish-skin dis-
ease; a congenital skin-disease, usually involving the
entire surface of the body, aggravated by cold, and
characterized by extreme dryness of the skin and by
•the development of epidermal plates coarsely resem-
bling the scales of a fish, and forming in some cases
verrucous growths, sessile and pedunculated, freely
projecting from the surface. I. congenita. See
Seborrhea squamosa neonatorum. I. follicularis,
a form in which the sebum and epithelium are he;;;
up around the orifices of the hair-follicles ; it is
especially seen upon the extensor surfaces of the arms
and legs. I. hystrix : Hystricismus ; a rare skin-
disease characterized by warty looking growths, con-
sisting of elongated and hypertrophied papillae, covered
by greatly thickened, dark-brown, horny epidermis,
and forming flat-topped or pointed, spinous projections.
These are grouped together to form patches, often
unilateral and distributed along the course of cutaneous
nerves. They are seldom present on the face. Usu-
ally they offer no subjective symptoms. I. linguae,
an acquired affection of the tongue in which it be-
comes dry and scaly. I. nacree. See /. simplex.
I. nigricans. See /. simplex. I. nitida. See /.
simplex. I. palmae vel palmaris et plantaris,
the exceptional form coxifined solely to the palms and
soles. I. sauroderma. See /. simplex. I. scutel-
lata. See /. simplex. I. sebacea. Synonym of
Seborrhea. I. sebacea cornea. See Darter's Dis-
ease. I. serpentina. See /. simplex. I. simplex,
the common form of ichthyosis in which the whole
surface has a tesselated appearance, from being covered
with large, angular, dirty-white, finely corrugated,
papery scales that are adherent, and therefore slightly
depressed in the center (/. scutellata), while the edges
are detached, transparent, and shining ( /. nacree or
/. nitida). In still higher grades the scales adhere
together to form thin plates, and being of a greenish
tint, resemble a serpent's skin (/. serpentina') ; when
there are still thicker plates, the appearance of a
crocodile hide is produced (/. sauroderma). The
older the plates the darker they become, so that they
may vary from olive-green to black (/.■ nigricans).
The hair is dry, harsh, and dull-looking, and the
scalp branny ; the nails may be pitted and brittle.
Itching is frequent. Warmth ameliorates the condition
by favoring sweating. I. spinosa, a form of /.
hystrix, in which the scales are spiny. I. vera. See
Ichthyosis.
Ichthyotic (ik-the-of-ik) [<;rt%c, fish]. Relating to or

affected with ichthyosis.
Ichthyotomy 1 ik-the-ot' -o-me) \ljfibg, a fi.-h ; tout], a

cutting]. The dissection or anatomy of fishes.
Ichthyotoxicum [ik-the-o-toks/ -ik-um) [i;rt%c, fish;
toS-ikAv, poison]. A name loosely given to poisoning

600

I

i this

i the

. tlit

lei.
rial illus-

■ Je].

the liver

mndice].

Yellow, or

[I..]. I 'US.

. jaundice]. Af

j Ictei
. form],
tundice.

mndice;
] i with yellow

i Jaund

Atrophy of the Liver.

rapid

jaundice,

try.

i marked

»ur-

• intains

I in

I

lid -

Hematogenic,
■I in

I.. Urobil

IDEOMOTION

ments. The skin and conjunctivae are colored yellow,
i : mi, but no true jaundice exi-ts.

Ictus | I , a stroke]. A sudden or unforeseen

ait.: I. epilepticus, an epileptic in. I. paralyti-

cus I. solis, sunstroke.

Id [idus, the dividing or division]. In biology, ac-

Weismann's theory of the germ plasm, a

vital unit of the third degree, having a definite struc-

turi rminants, which in their turn are made up

an "ancestral germ-plasm," or unit

■ primar) constituents of the species.

nts an individuality, and is probably

ntical with the "microsome" of the nuclear rod.

tn : Idant.

-id, or ide (id) [/ (us, a term]. A suffix used in chem-
istry to den mbination of two elemental*} sub
stani

Idant (if-dant) [idus, the dividing or division]. In
biology, according to Weismann's theory of the germ-
plasm, a vital unit of tin- fourth degree; a group oi
. differing from the latter in not being perfectly
invi quantities, but only relatively constant,

th( ir constitution being modified from time to time, so
thai the ids which previousl) belonged to the idant A
may later take part in the composition of the idant B
or C. A chromosome (chromatosome) or nuclear rod,
composed of vital units or ancestral plasms, termed
ids or microsomata {microsomes).

-ide [eldog, resembling in form]. A suffix denoting
resemblance to the object with the name of which the
gnated body is combined.

Idea I ,form or semblance]. A men-

tal representation of something perceived. I. -chase,
a condition in acute mania in which disconnected ideas
Bow rapidly through the mind. It is a term
much used by German authors. I., Fixed, that form
of mania in which one dominant idea controls all
actions. I., Imperative, a morbid idea or insane
suggestion imperiously demanding notice, the patient
often being painfully conscious of its domination over
his will.

Ideation (i-de-a* -shuti) [Idea, form or semblance]. The
formation of a mental conception ; the cerebral action
by which, or in accord with which, an idea is formed.

Identical {i-den* -tik-al) [identicus, the same]. The
same. I. Points, corresponding points of the two
retinae, or the two positions in normal eyes where the
image of an object is focused upon the retin e.

Identism (i-den' -tizm) [idem, the same]. The theory
that chancre, chancroid, and gonorrhea are due to one
and the same poison or virus.

Identist [i-den'-Hst) [idem,the same]. A term applied

to one who believes in the identity of certain diseases,

. , that gonorrhea and hard and soft chancre are

due to the same sp irus, or that typhus and

typhoid ire identical.

Identity ' tit-c) [idem, the same]. Absolute

sameness. I., Personal, one's personal existence;
the continuity of oik's state as a person ; the reality
of the "t anj person; in law, the fact of

being the person he is assumed to be; thai which
is commonly proved by the establishment of simi-
larity 01 ■ , physical characteristics,
marks, and peculiar habits.

Ideo-dynamism [i-de-o-di' '-nam-izm) [Idia, idea;
! The domination of an idea; the
uggested idea over the subse
quent acts of a person who is, or has been, hyp-
notized.

Ideomotion (i-de-o-mo' '-shun) \\6ta, idea; motio, a
moving]. Motion or action due to some idea, and
neither purely voluntary nor reflex.

IDKn-.Mun »k

601

[DIOPLASM

Ideo-motor ( i-de-o-mo' -tor) [idea, a mental image ;
movere, to move]. Pertaining conjointly to ideation
anil movement. I. Center, that part of the gray
matter which, influenced In ideation, excites muscu-
lar movement. I. Movements, unconscious move-
ments, due to impulses of the mind when the attention
is otherwise absorbed.

Ideopegma [i-de-o-peg' '-maft) [Idi a, id< a ; -i, ; ua, a thing
fixed: pi., Ideopegmatd\, A fixed or dominant idea
that colors all the thoughts of the patient and thus
creates a monomania.

Ideophrenia {i-de-o-/re/-ne-aft) Video. , form ;
mind]. Insanity with marked perversion of ideas.

Ideophrenic {i-de-o-fren/ -ik) [idea, form;
mind]. Relating to, or marked by, ideophrenia.

Ideoplastic (i-de-o-plas'-tik) [idia, idea; nTJuaauv, to
form]. Giving shape to the ideas; that stage of hyp-
notism in which the idea impressed on the brain of the
subject is translated into action.

Ideosynchysia, or Ideosynchysis [i-de-o-sin-ki' '-ze-ak,
or i-de-o-rin' '-kis-is) [Idea, idea; oi>] \vaig, a pouring
together]. Confusion of ideas; delirium.

-ideus (-id'-e-us) [idiog, one's own]. A suffix having
the sense of possession or ownership.

Idianoia [id-e-an-oif -aft) [idiog, own, peculiar; v6og,
mind]. Same as Idiocy.

Idiempresis {id-e-em-pref-sis) [idiog, own ; eurrpr/aic,
burning]. Spontaneous combustion. Also, sponta-
neous inflammation.

Idio- {id'-e-o-) [idiog, own]. A prefix signifying indi-
vidual peculiarity.

Idiobiology \id-e-o-bi-ol' -o-je) [i^mc, peculiar ; fiiog, life ;
"Kkyeiv, to speak]. The physiology of any particular
organized body, as opposed to Biontology, q. v. (J.
Aitken Meigs.)

Idioblast (id' -e-o-blasi) [idioc, peculiar; ,3/aa-6g, off-
shoot]. In biology, a histologic cell having a charac-
ter different from that of the surrounding cells, owing
to a difference either in its form or its contents, e.g.,
the stellate hair in the interior of the tissue of Nym-
phcececz (Sachs).

Idiocrasy \id-e-ok'-ras-e) [idioKpaaia : idiog, own ; upaoig,
mixture]. Same as Idiosyncrasy.

Idioctonia (id-e-ok-to' '-ne-a/i) [idiog, own ; ktovoc, kill-
ing]. Self-murder; suicide.

Idiocy (id'-e-o-se) [idtdjrrjg, a private person]. A con-
dition of mental deficiency, usually accompanied by
physical degeneracy. It is characterized by a pecu-
liar coarse, brutal, and cunning nature, with marked
physical peculiarities. It is more common in males
than in females. I. of Deprivation, that in which
from birth there is a loss of two or more of the senses,
with consequent lack of external impressions. I.,
Eclampsic, that following infantile convulsions.
Fourteen per cent, of cases of idiocy are said to be
of this origin. I., Epileptic, that associated with
epilepsy. Such cases are the subjects of epileptic
convulsions through life. I., Ethnic, a characteristic
of certain idiocies of the Caucasian race, in which in-
dividuals are seen who present a kind of mimicry of
various other races of mankind. Among the types of
genetous idiocy thus characterized, writers have de-
scribed the American- hn /in n type, the Ethiopian or
negroid, the Kalmuck, the Malayan, and the highly-
characterized Mongolian type, which includes about
ten per cent, of all cases of idiocy. I., Genetous,
those cases in which, although the causation is indefi-
nite, the condition dates from fetal life. I., Hydro-
cephalic, that dependent upon hydrocephalus. I.,
Inflammatory. See /. , Traumatic. I., Micro-
cephalic, that associated with smallness of the head.
A circumference less than eighteen inches implies

idiocy. I., Paralytic, that from paralysis following
injury before or after birth. I., Traumatic, that due
to injury during labor or in early childhood.

Idioderma {id-e-o-der'-mah). Same as JJcrmatiti lu-
be)

Idiodinic [id-e-o-din' '-ik) [idiog, one's own; divog, ro-
tation, a round area, taken in the sense of "pore"].
In biology, applied to animals that bring forth or re-
iduce by means ol a special genital pore.

Idio-electrics [id'-e-o-e-Uk'-triks) [idiog, own; ffktK\
amber]. A name formerly applied to such bodies
amber, resin, or glass, which are readily electrified by
friction, and which were then supposed to be electric
in themseh i

Idioglossia \ia'-e-o-glos/-e-ah) [idioc, own, peculiar;
yhaooa, tongue]. Extremely defective utterance, but
one in which the same sound is used to express the
same idea, even though the sounds used belong to no
known language.

Idiologism [id-e-ol' '-o-jizm) \ ■ n : /",<". utter

ance]. A characteristic expression or form of utter
ance peculiar to any person, especially to an insane
person.

Idiometritis {id-e-o-me-iri* '-tis) [idiog, own; ui
womb; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
parenchymatous substance of the womb.

Idiomiasma [id-e-o-mi-az/ -maft) [idiog, own; uiaoua,
stain, defilement : //. , Idiomiasmata]. A term for
any noxious exhalation from the body.

Idiomology [id-e-o-mol' -o-je) [Idia/ia, a peculiar phrase-
ology, idiom; "kkyeiv, to speak]. The study of the
peculiarities of speech of various races.

Idio-muscular [id-e-o-mus/ -ku-lar) [Idiog, own ; muscul-
us, muscle]. Peculiar to muscular tissue ; not involving
any nerve -stimulus or any function of the organi.-m,
except those of the muscle itself. I. Contraction,
the contraction of a fatigued or tired muscle under
certain conditions of extraneous stimulus.

Idioneurosis {id-e-o-nu-rof -sis) [idiog, own ; vevpov, a
nerve ; vocog, disease]. An affection due to some dis-
turbed or abnormal condition of the nerves supplying
the affected part ; a simple and uncomplicated neurosis.

Idionym (id'-e-o-tiim) [idiog, own; oiiua, name].
A term restricted in its application to a particular
organ.

Idiopathic (id-e-o-path' -ik) [idioc, own ; Trddog, disease]
Not consequent or dependent upon another disease ,
or known or recognized cause. The antithesis ot
sympathetic, deuteropathic. I. Dysmenorrhea, pain-
ful menstruation unassociated with organic lesion or
displacement.

Idiopathy [id-i-op/ -atk-e) [idiog, own ; zradog, disease].
I. An idiopathic disease or condition. 2. The fact or
quality of being idiopathic.

Idiophrenic {id-e-o-fren'-ik) [idiog, own; 6pi,r, mind].
Due to disease of the brain ; a term used to designate
certain forms of insanity.

Idioplasm (id/-e-o-plaz?n) [idiog, peculiar: -'/iitjita, a
thing formed]. In biology, a term introduced by
Xageli for a special hereditary reproductive substance
not contained in the body of the cell, but in the chromo-
somes of the nucleus, controlling and deteimining the
actual characters of the particular cell, and also those
of all of its descendants. Each idioplasm is com-
posed of several or many ids (</. v.), which are capable
of growth and multiplication bv division ; although
much smaller in bulk than the rest of the living sub-
stance of the cell or body (trophoplasm). idioplasm
is the active element in the process of formation, and
determines the detailed construction of the tropho-
plasm, which is the passive element. I., Accessory
(Neben-idioplasm), a special, minute group of" supple-

II EOLOGV

id in the

;

.-111 ].

gth or

rhagic

.

uli-

har-

in differs

I., Hemor-

I., Imaginary, a bj

I., Olfac-

Ifll.

■ i . peculi-
'■i idiosyncrasy.

I. L

rson]. A person
mental develop-
auses arising soon
I. savant, an idiot who lias a

markable mental development in

art, in mathematics,

mica! ingenuity.

. Idiotism id'-e-ot-izm), Idiotry

m ]. Idiocy, q. v.

• halatnou tie's own ;

j. In biology, applied to such lichens

at character from the

lition of an
diotism.
. an image]. An illusion

to. ,skin].
tus glands of the body.

■. water ; w

. or to

''.' h idenitis.

<>■; ignatiaj.
ertain
nin.

rnatia]. An

impound has

illing

I Ab-

I rinct per

Ignavia Ug-na'-ve-ah) [I-]- Sluggishness; abnormal
slow Function.

Ignipuncturc punk'-tur) [ignis, fire ; punctura,

puncture]. A method oi cauterization employed in

tin- treatment of certain forms of hypertrophy by the

introduction of platinum needles heated to whiteness

urrent.

Igni [1 | 1 ne. Combustion distinguished

by rapid oxidation I. actualis, actual cautery. I.
fatuus, the phenomenon known as Jack o' Lantern,
Will o' the Wisp, etc. I. sacer, an obsolete name
for erysipelas. See Anthrax and Herpes zoster. I.
sancti Antonii, Saint Anthony's Fire, a common
name for erysipelas.

Ignition (ig-nish'-uti) [ignis, fire]. The process of
beating solids, especially inorganic compounds, until
all volatile mattei has been driven off.

Ihering's Line. See Lines, Tabl

Ihle's Paste. A modification of Lassar's paste. It
is composed of resorcin, gr. 10 to oo; lanolin, vase-
lin, oxid ol zinc, and powdered starch, each, 2 drains.
It i> used in eczema.

Ikota [ik-o,-tah) [Siberian]. A form of religious and
hysteric mania, prevailing among the women of Siberia.

Ileac [il'-e-ak) [n'/nr, to mil]. Pertaining to the
ileum. I. Passion, an ailment characterized by
severe griping pains and vomiting of fecal matter,
together with spasm of the abdominal muscles.

Ileadelphus {il-e-ad-el* -fits) [etkeiv, to roll; ddtv<»,t ,
a brother]. A monstrosity double from the pelvis
downward.

Ileitic {il-e-it'-ik) [elXeiv, to roll; /tic, inflammation].
Pertaining to or affected with ileitis.

Ileitis (il-e-i'-tis) [elheiv, to roll ; trie, inflammation].
Inflammation of the ileum.

Ileo- [i/'-e-o-) [eiTieiv, to roll]. A prefix signifying con-
nection or relation to the ileum. I. -cecal, pertaining
or belonging to both ileum and cecum. I.-c. Fossa,
a depression in the lower part of the small intestine at
the base of the vermiform process. I.-c. Valve, a
valve consisting of two folds of mucosa that guanL
tin- passage between the ileum and cecum. I.-costalis.
Muscles, Table of. I. -lumbar, pertaining to the
ileum and the lumbar region. I. -1. Ligament. See
Ligament. I. -typhoid, a synonym for typhoid or
enteric fever.

Ileo-cleisis [il-e-o-kli' '-sis) [eIIeiv, to roll ; kIe'ieiv, to
lock]. < >bstruction or closure of the ileum.

Ileo-colic [il-e-o-kol' '-ik) [tiXeiv, to roll ; kSXov, colon].
Pertaining conjointly to the ileum and the colon. I.-c.
Valve. See / 'dhe.

Ileo-colitis [il-e-o-ko-W -tis) [elfaiv, to roll ; k67uov,
colon; nir, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
lower part of the ileum and the colon. It is com-
monly known as intestinal catarrh.

Ileo-colostomy (//-, '-to-me) [eitetv, to roll;

k6Xo\ . colon ; ar6/ia, mouth]. The surgical establish-
ment ol an artificial communication between the ileum
and the col

Ileo-colotomy [il-e-o-ko-lof -o-me) [elkeiv, to roll ; tc6%ov,
to cut]. A surgical operation upon
tlie ileum and the colon.

Ileodicliditis [il-e o-dik-lid i' lis) [etXeiv, to roll ; diiMg,
valve ; ,rn\ inflammation]. Inflammation of the ileo-
cecal valve.

Ileo-ileostomy [il-e-o-il-e-os' -to-me) [zVkeiv, to roll;
to roll ; ard/ia, mouth]. The surgical operation
ol establishing an artificial communication between
two different parts of the ileum.

Ileology [il-e-ol'-o 1 [etXsiv, to roll; Myoc, science].
I he anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the
ileum,

[LEOPISOLITIS

603

IU.L'MlNA'l l< IN

Ileopisolitis (il-e-o-pis-o-l/v-tis) [eVkeiv, to roll ; piston,
a pea ; iTtg, inflammation]. Inflammation of l'eyer's
patches or glands.

Ileoproctostomy (il-e-o-prok-tos'-to-me) [elketv, to roll ;
npunroc, rectum ; nmun, moutb |. The surgical estab-
lishment of an artificial communication between the
ileum and the rectum.

Ileorectostomy Ul-e-o-rek-tos'-to-me). See Ileoproctos-
tomy.

Ileos [ilf-e-os). See Ileus.

Ileostomy (il-e-os/-to-me) [ti'/ne, to roll ; ordfia, mouth].
The surgical establishment of a passage through
the abdominal wall into the ileum, or from the ileum
to some other hollow organ.

Ileotyphus [il-e-o-ti' '-fits) [ti?£tv,\o roll ; Tv<po<;, smoke].
Enteric or typhoid fever.

Ileum [il'-e-um) [n/m\ to roll]. The lower portion of
the small intestine. It receives its name from its
peristaltic movement.

Ileus 'ilr-e-us) [el/joe ; ri'/uv, to roll]. Same as Ileac
or Iliac Passion ; volvulus. I. inflammatorius.
Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh. I. spasmod-
icus. Synonym of Enteralgia.

Ilex [if-leks) [L. , the holm-oak]. A genus of aqui-
foliaceous trees and shrubs of many species ; the hol-
lies. I. aquifolium, common European holly; the
bark and leaves have medicinal uses. I. cassine. See
Cassena. I. opaca, American holly ; it has the proper-
ties of /. aquifolium. I. glabra, and I. verticillata,
of the U. S. , are tonic, febrifuge, and astringent. See
also Mate. All unof.

Ilia (il'-e-al/) [L. : //. of Ilium']. The iliac bones; the
flanks or loins.

Iliac (ilf-e-ak) [ilia, the flanks]. Pertaining to the ilium
or to the flanks. I. Aneurysm, one occurring at the
groin. I. Artery. See Arteries, Table of I. Crest,
the upper free margin of the ilium to which the ab-
dominal muscles are attached. I. Fascia. See
Fascia. I. Fossa. See Fossa. I. Muscle. See
Muscles, Table of. I. Region, one of the regions into
which the abdomen is conventionally divided. See
Abdomen.

Iliaco- (il-i'-ak-o-) [ilia, the loins]. A prefix signifying
relation to the loins. I. -femoral, relating to the
ilium and the femur. I. -trochanteric, relating to
the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur.

Iliacus (il-i'-ak-us). See Muscles, Table of.

Iliadelphus (il-e-ad-el' -fus) [ilia, Hanks ; «rff/t</>oc, bro-
ther]. A monstrosity double from the pelvis up-
ward.

Ilicin (il'-is-in) [ilex, the holm-oak]. A crystalline
febrifugal principle from the leaves of Ilex aquifo-
lium.

Ilien (il'-e-en) [ilia, the loins]. Belonging to the ilium
in itself.

Ilio- [iV-e-o-) [ilium, the ilium]. A prefix to denote rela-
tion to or Connection with the ilium. I.-capsularis,
a muscle occasionally found in man, originating at
the anterior inferior spine of the ilium and in-
serted into the iliofemoral ligament. See Muscles,
Table of. I. -femoral, pertaining conjointly to the
ilium and the femur. I. -f. Crease. See Crease. I.-f.
Ligament, an inverted V-shaped ligament extending
obliquely across the hip-joint, from the anterior inferior
spine of the ilium to the trochanters of the femur, pre-
venting over-extension of the joint. I.-f. Triangle,
a triangle of which the base is a line drawn from the
summit of the great trochanter to the anterior superior
spine of the ilium, and the apex is formed by lines drawn
backward from the anterior superior spine and upward
from the summit of the trochanter. Sec Trian
Table of I. -hypogastric, pertaining conjointly to

the ilium and the hypogastrium. I.-h. Nerve. See
Nerves, 'Table of. I. -inguinal, pertaining to the
ilium and the groin. I. -i. Nerve. See Nerves, Table
of. I. -lumbar, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and
the loins. I.-l. Artery, a branch of the posterior
division of the internal iliac artery, supplying the
iliacus, and also tin- psoas and quadratus lumborum
muscles. See Arteries, Table of . I.-l. Muscle, that
part of the quadratus lumborum muscle that is inserted
mi., the lip- of the processes of the lumbar verte-
bra-. See Muscles, Table of. I. -pectineal, pertaining
conjointly to the ilium and the pubes. I. -p.

Ligament, that part of the iliac fascia by which
Poupart's ligament and the sheath of the crural
vessels are attached to the os pubis. I. -p. Line,
the ridge reaching from the spine of the os pubis
to the auricular surface of the ilium. See Lit
Table of. I. -pelvic, pertaining conjointly to the
ilium and the pelvis. I. -p. Abscess, suppuration
sometimes occurring over the iliacus muscle during
labor, and commonly due to the laceration of mus-
cular fibers. I. -perineal, relating to the ilium and
the perineal region. I.-polymelius, a monstrosity
with supernumerary limbs attached to the ileum. I.-
psoas, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the
loins. I. -p. Muscle. See Muscles. Table of. I.-
pubic, relating to both ilium and pubes. I. -spinal,
relating to the ilium and the spinal column. I.-
tibial, pertaining to or connecting the ilium and the
tibia. I.-t. Band, a thickened portion of the fascia
lata extending from the outer tuberosity of the tibia
to the iliac crest. I. -trochanteric, pertaining to the
ileum and a trochanter.
Ilium (i/' -cum) [L.]. The upper part of the os inno-

minatum. The haunch-bone.
Ilixanthin (jl-iks-an' -thin) [ilex, holly ; SavVoc, yellow],
C17H2,On. A yellow crystalline coloring-matter found
in holly. The crystals melt at 1980 C., and are soluble
in hot water and alcohol.
Ill (if) [ME., ille, ill]. Sick ; diseased; unwell.
Illacrimation (il-lak-ritn-a' -shun) [illacrima/io ; in, on ;

lacrima, a tear]. Same as Epiphora.
Illaqueation {il-lak-we-a' -shun) [illaqueare, to en-
snare]. A method of changing the direction of mis-
placed cilia, by withdrawing them, by a noose, through
an opening in the adjacent tissue of the lid.
Illegitimacy {il-e-jif -im-a-se) [in, not; legitimus, ac-
cording to law]. The condition of being unlawful,
or not legitimate.
Illegitimate \il-e-jit'-im-at) [in. not ; legitimus, accord-
ing to law]. Not in accordance with statutory law.
I. Child, one born out of lawful wedlock ; a bastard.
Illequation {it-e-kwa'-shun). See Illaqueation.
Illicium {il-is'-e-um) [illicere, to entice]. Star Anise.
The fruit of Illicium anisatum, with properties due to
a volatile oil identical with oil of anise. Illicium is
properly the name of a genus of magnoliaceous trees
and shrubs. I. floridanum, of the Gulf States, has
poisonous leaves. I. religiosum, of Asia, is said to
be highly poisonous. I. verum, is said to yield the
star anise of commerce. Unof.
Illness (il'-nes) [ME., ille, ill]. Sickness; disease;

an attack of disease.
Illumination (il-oo-min-a'-skun) [illuminare, to make
light]. A light produced by a luminous body, and
reflected by surrounding objects. In photometry, the
unit of intensity of illumination is that given by a
standard candle at a distance of one foot. I., Dark-
ground, in microscopsy, a condition in which the
object appears self-luminous on a dark back ground.
This occurs when the rays of light are too oblique to
enter the front lens of the objective, except such as

11 1

IMMUNITY

I. of
1 Oblique,

\ fah

from
m by the

I .U l.iult

i and halluci-

i >f

mud]. Treat-

j. ITie picture of an

ling

I . After. I., Diffusion

of I., Direct, or I., Erect, that

\ ith the ophthalmoscope,

senting their natural rela-

I . Inverted, t by interposing

i the observed eye a

at tin- focus of

I.. Real. • tal mad< bj the focused re-

I . Refraction, i > the

ntering and leaving an object.

i rhe 1 inn of the obji

unl the
I., Subjective, a photism; also
I., Virtual, that produced by
tin: raj ad a

. "i mage]. Pen
I. Discs, in entomology, the
psulated
. nth the net

Hptera).
i tin- nymph is

. imagin-

I 'In- mind,
r mental
■
in new

\n im

g till.'

in mind,
ity] .

■

Imbibition (im-bii-ish'-un) [imbibitio, a drinking in].
Tin- sucking up, or capillary absorption, of moisture,
liquids, or • substances by inorganic, <>r by

i .'i torpid iii-.miii bodies.

Imbowelling ■ ■' <■ |. Same as Eviscer-

Imbricate (im'-brik-dt) [imbricai er with tiles].

Applied to that arrangement feal n rs, Leaves,

Tans in the bud, in which they overlap like
slin a roof.

Imbricated (.///' d) [imbrex, a roof-tile]. Dis-

tinguished by overlapping Applied to the position
i arrangement of scales in certain squamous diseases
nt the skin.

Imitation lim-it-a' -shun) [imitari, to imitate]. A

production thai i> similar to, or a copy of, another ob-

■ Di process. I., Morbid, the occurrence of a

nvulsive or mental affection brought about by ob

mil; a similar altection in another; mental con-

tagii 'ii.

Immaculate [iin-ak' -ti-lat) [in, not; macula, a spot].
Pure ; spotli

Immarginate [im-ar/-jin-at\ [in, not; marginal .
furnish with a border]. In biology, having no well-
defined border.

Immature \im-at-iir' ) [immaturus, unripe]. Not ripe;
not yet of an adult age or growth.

Immediate (/w-a \[in, not; medio, the middle].

Direct, Without anything intervening, as immediate
auscultation or percussion. I. Contagion, that from a
direct source. I. Ligature. See Ligature. I.Union,
union by first intention, or without suppurative granu-
lation.

Immedicable [im-med/-ik-ab-l) [in, not; medicare, to
cure]. That which does not yield to medicine or
treatment. Incurable.

Immersion {im-mer* -shun) [in, in; mergere, to dip].
The plunging of a body into a liquid. In medicine,
treatment by a continued bath. See Oil-immersion,
Water-immersion. I. -bath, the liquid employed for
immersion. I. -battery, a form of battery in which,
by inclining the cell, the elements are immersed in
iIm- liquid. I., Homogeneous, a fluid between the
objective of a microscope and the cover-glass, having
about the same refractive and dispersive power as the
glass. I., Objective, a microscope-objective, usually
of high power, the lower lens of which is immersed
in a drop of water, glycerin, or oil, placed on the
of the object under examination.

Immissio (im-ishf -e-o) [L.]. Insertion. I. catheteris.
See Calhetetism. I. penis, introduction of the penis
into the vagina.

Immission (im-mish'-un) [immissio, a letting in].
Introduction, as of a catheter.

Immobilization [im-mob-il-iz-a' '-shun) [immobilis, im-
movable , in make]. The surgical fixation of
a part (as a fractured bone) by means .that prevent
any local motion.

Immortality [im-mor-tal* '-it-e) [immortalitas, undying-
nessl. Exemption from death ; unending existence.
I. of Germ-cells. See Heredity; also, Germ-plasma.

Immune [im-mun') [immunis, safe], i. Safe from at-
tack ; protected by vaccination, or some analogous
procedure, or by previous illness. 2. A person who is
pri il i virus. I. Animal. See

• iment.

Immunity (im-mun'-it-e) [immunitas, exemption]. The
< ondition of an organ, or of the body, whereby it resists
; until of infectious or morbid pi
inoculation of ed virus and of chemic

imples oi methods by which im-
munity is acquired, h has also been shown that inflam-

IMMUNIZATION'

605

IMPLANTATION

matory action is inhibitive of bacterial development.
I., Acquired, that derived from a previous attack of
the same disease or from a modified form, as varioloid,

■ or artificially produced bj inoculation. I., Artificial,
that produced by inoculation with the virus of adisi
I., Natural, tin- natural resistance of tin- tissues <>r
system. Immunization maj !"• transient or perma-
nent, relative or absi ilute.

Immunization [im-mun-iz-a1 'shun) [immunitas, ex-
emption]. The act or pro.,-- oi endowing with im-
munity. '

Immunize [imf-mun-lz) [immunis, exempt]. To give
or d i acquire immunity.

Impact [im'-paki) [impactus : impingere, to drive into or
against], A forcible striking against.

Impacted [im-pak' -ted) [impactus ; impingere, to drive
into or against]. Driven against and retained, as a
wedge. I. Fracture, one in which the fragments of
bone are driven into one another in such a manner as
to cause shortening.

Impaction [im-pak' 'shun) [impactio, impact]. The
state or quality of being impacted; fracture with fixa-
tion of the fragment-; obstinate constipation; the
wedging of the fetal head in the pelvic canal.

Impalement [im-pal* -ment) [in, in ; pal, a pale or
picket]. The perforation of the body or a part by a
rod or stake.

Impalpable [im-palf -pa-bl) [impalpabilis, impalpable].
That which cannot be felt ; unappreciable by touch.
I. Powder, a powder so fine that its separate particles
cannot be felt.

Impalsy [im-pawl'-ze) [in, in; ME.., palsey, palsy].
To paralyze.

Impaiudism [im-pal' '-u-dizm) [in, in ; palus, a marsh].
Chronic malarial poisoning.

Impar [im'-par) [in, not; pur, equal]. Odd or unequal.
I., Ganglion, a small ganglion on the coccyx. See
Ganglia, Table of

Imparipinnate [im-par-ip-inr -at) [////par, unequal;
pinnatus, feathered]. In biology, unequally pinnate ;
having an odd leaflet at the apex.

Impatiens [im-pa' -she-enz) [I... impatient]. Touch-
me-not; jewel-weed or balsamine ; a genus of gera-
niaceous plants. I. balsamina and I. lutea, of
the old world, and I. fulva and I. pallida, of the
U. S. , are diuretic, emetic, and cathartic. Unof.

Impatiinid [im-pa' '-te-in-id) [impatiens, impatient]. A
resinous emetic principle obtainable from Impatiens
lutea. Unof.

Impennate [im-pen'-at) [in, not; pennatus, winged].
In biology, applied to such birds, as the penguin, as
have short wings covered with scale-like feathers.

Impennous [im-pen'-us) [in, not ; penna, wing]. In
biology, without wings.

Imperative [im-per' -at-iv) [imperativus, imperative].
Peremptory ; absolute; binding. I. Idea. See Idea,
Imperati

Imperatoria [im-per-at-o' '-re-ah) [imperatorius, be-
longing to a commander]. A genus of umbelliferous
plants; masterworts. I. ostruthium, false pellitory
of Spain, is an aromatic stimulant, once prized as a
polychrest remedy, but now little used. Unof.

Imperfection [im-per-fek' shun) [imperfectus, imper-
fect]. A physical defect.

Imperforate [im-per' '-for-at) [in, not ; perforare, to
pierce]. Congenitally and abnormally closed ; applied
to an opening of the body, as the ami-, vagina, etc.
See Occlusion and Obstruction.

Imperforation {im-per-for-a' shun) [imperforatio ; /'//,
not; peYforare, to bore through] . Occlusion; applied
especially to the anus, hymen, vagina, etc.

Imperial [im-per -re-al) [imperialis, pertaining to an

empire]. Sovereign ; commanding. I. -blue. Same
Spirit-blue. I. Drink or Draft, potus imper-
ial) ition of a ball ounc< of potassium bitar-

trate in three pints of hot water, to which are added
four ounces of sugar and half an ounce ol in »h lemon -
peel. It is a good diuretic and refrigerant drink.
I nof. I. granum, a farinaceous food tor infants.
It- composition is: Water S-t'», fat i.oi, a trace
each of gi ar and cam tarch ;v

soluble carbohydrates ; 56, albuminoids 10.51, gum,
cellulose. ,tc., 0.50, ash 1.16. I. -green. Same
a- Schweinfurth jreen. I. -violet. Same as Rosan-
/'//'//

Imperialin [im-pe'-re al-in) [imperialis, pertaining to an
empire]. An alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis, or
crown imperial ; it acts upon the heart. Unof.

Impermeable [im-per1 '-me-a-bl ) [in, not ; per, through ;
meare, to go]. Not capable- of being traversed.

Impervious [im-per7 -ve-us) [in, not; pervius, capable
of passage]. Not permitting a passage through.

Impetiginoid [im-pet-ij :/ '-in-oid) [impetigo, impetigo;
impetere, to attack; eldog, like]. Same as /
nous.

Impetiginous [im-pet-ij f -in-us) [impetigo; i/i/petere, to
attack]. Affected with or resembling impetigo.

Impetigo [im-pet-i' '-go) [impetigo; in/petere, to at-
tack]. An acute inflammatory skin-disease character-
ized by one or more pea-sized or finger-nail sized,
discrete, rounded, and elevated firm pustules, unat-
tended, as a rule, by itching or other subjective symp-
toms. The pustules are rounded, with thick walls,
and are surrounded by areola;. They appear suddenly,
and come out one after another during the first week
of the attack, attain full size, and then undergo ab-
sorption or crusting. No scar or pigmentation fol-
lows. The disease is likely to occur in children. I.
annua. See Aleppo Boil. I. capitis. Same as
Eczcn/a capitis. I. contagiosa, Porrigo eo//ta^riosa ;
an acute, inflammatory, contagious disease, due to the
presence of a microorganism, and characterized by
the appearance of vesico-pustules or blebs, that dry
into flat, straw-colored, granular-looking crusts. The
disease occurs usually in children. The vesicles vary
in size from minute points to that of a quarter of a
dollar, and the contents, at first serous, become sero-
purulent, and then dry up. The disease is most prone
to attack the face and hands. I., Duhring's, differs
from the foregoing by being non-infectious. See Dis-
eases, Table of. I. erysipelodes, an old term for
Eczei/ia pustulosum, with deeper inflammation than
usual. I.granulata. Same as is. I. her-

petiformis, Herpes pyamicus ; a very rare disease of the
skin, characterized by the formation of superficial mili-
ary pustules, that may be discrete, but are usually closely
set. The contents of the pustules are at first opaque,
but become greenish-yellow, and dry up into dirty-
brown crusts. The disease spreads until the whole
surface is covered with swollen, crusted, and excori-
ated patches. It develops first on the inner side of
the thighs, and about the groins, navel, breasts, and
axilla-, and is mainly seen in pregnant women. The
termination is fatal, as a rule. I. rodens, an old term
for a carcinomatous disease of the skin. I. scabida,
an old term for Eczema pustulosum, with unusually
thick crusting. I. sparsa, an old term for small,
scattered patches of Eczema pustulosum. I., Syph-
ilitic. See Syphilid, Impetiginous.

Impetus [im'-pe-tus) [!-•]• I- Force or momentum. 2.
The onset or attack of a disease, or of a paroxysm.

Implantation [im-plan-ta'shun) [implantatio ; in, in ;
plantare, to set]. The act of setting in. Also, the
transplantation of a tooth from the jaw of one person

[NCAR] \l BONE

I .

'■-

I bat which

1 Fluid Mil.

ity,

. to

I o: »nta-

osthumate

isthumc form

>tcncc . to be able].

ly to male incapacity

It i- variously qualified as atonic,

tral exhaustion; paralytic

that leads to the perform -

ai. : . hie, when clue

ental disturbance; symp-
,or t<> a disturbance of

Impregnation i \impr agnatic/, the

nil child]. The state of being preg-

fecundation ; fertili-

Imp: I ]. An impression. I.

colica. i surface of the right

; the hepatic flexure of the colon.

1 renalis, an ii . behind the /. colica for the

ule.

Impression m) \impressio ; imprimere, to

]. A hollow or depression. I. -cup, in

■ metal, porcelain, gutta-

for i onveying to the

a the material for impres-

I Digital, the mark made by the pressure

> upon the neck
in I.. Rhomboid, a hrwad impression

• ii le, near the sternal
imboid ligament.

I*npn . .in mi

isions. I.
"' " it in which it i- very

Impressonu:

num.

[I..]. Ll of

Im

in, nut ;
Not

ling upon it I.,

n

I Morbid.

impulsi iously qualified, as animal, destructive,

.:',//, uncontrollable, etc.
Impulsion [im-pul' -shun) [impellei , to impel]. The
of driving <>r urging onward, either mentall) oi

physically.
Impurity [im-pu' '-rit-e) [in, not ; purus,pwce or clean].

Want nl purity or cleanliness. In chemistry, the con

dition of containing -nine substance other than that
Adulteration. In medicine, a want of cleai
- in the sounds ol the heart, but not sufficient to
murmur.
Imputability [im-pu-tab-il'-it-e) [imptttabilitas, imput

ability]. In legal medicine, that degree of mental

soundness that makes one responsible for his own acts.
In- [I..]. A prefix signifying in or within. Also, a

particle signifying negation.
-in, or -ine [in). A suffix seen in the names of the hal-
ogen elements, chlorin, bromin, iodin, and fluorin.

Also, a distinctive termination used to distinguish oi

ganic bases, particularly the class known as alkaloids.

It is also loosely applied to certain organic radicles,

and to man}- glucosids.
Inadequacy [in-adr -e-qwa-se) [in, not ; adaquare, to

make equal]. Same as Insufficiency. I., Renal,

that state of the kidney in which it is unable to remove

from the blood a sufficient proportion of the effete

matters that are normally excreted by it.
Inanagenesis [in-an-aj-en' -es-is) [ic> liber; avd, again;

ytvea < . production]. The renewal or regeneration of

muscular Si
Inanaphysis [in-an-af '-is-is) [7c, fiber; a vii, again ;

V <7"- ■'• growth]. Same as Inanagenesis.
Inanimate [in-an' '-im-dt) [in, not ; animus, life]. Not

animate; dead; without life.
Inanition {in-an-isk' '-un) [inanire, to make empty].

Emptiness of the organs of digestion from want of food.

Also, wasting of the body from starvation or disease.

Synonym of Fasting.
Inantherate [in-an' '-tAer-Ot) [/;/, without; anther a,

anther]. In biology, destitute of anthers.
Inantinial [in-an-tin' -e-al) [iviov, the nape of the neck ;

avri, against; Ivlov, the nape of the neck]. Inio-an-

tinial ; pertaining to the inion and the antinion.
Inappendiculate [in-ap-en-dik1 '-u-lat) \_i>i, without ;

appendicula, dim. of appendix, an appendage]. In

biology, destitute of appendages.
Inappetence [in-ap/ -et-ens) [in, not; appetcre, to de-
sire]. Loss or want of appetite.
Inappetentia [in-ap-et-en* -she-ah) [L.]. Synonym of

Anorexia.
Inarticulate [in ar-lik' '-u-lat) [in, not ; articulus, a

joint]. Not jointed or articulated. Also, vocal sounds

not capable of arrangement into syllables, or of being

understood.
Inassimilable [in-as-imf -il-a-bl) [in, not; assimuldre,

to make like]. Incapable of assimilation.
Incandescent [in-kan-des'-ent) [incandescere, to be

come white-hot]. Emitting luminous heat-rays;

heated to the degree of emitting lijjht. I. Electric

Light, one consisting of a film of carbon of high re
i ince enclosed in a vacuous glass globe. The film

emits a white light when the current passes through it.
Incapacity [in-kap-as/-it-e). See Doli incapax \ also

Impotence.
Incarcerated [in-kar' -ser-a-ted) [incarcerare, to im-

prison]. Imprisoned; closely constricted.
Incarceration [in-kar-ser-a' -shun) [incarceratio ; in,

in; cat to imprison]. The condition of im-

prisonment or confinement of a part, as of the pla-

cent 1 1,., Hernia.

Incarial Bone [in-ka'-ri a/)[Peruvian, Ima, a prince].

The interparietal bone; usually in adult man a pari

[NCARN \ 1 I"

607

INCREMEN1

of the occipital bone. It is called incarial, because,
in the skeletons of ancienl Peru, the land of the In-
cas, u is often persistent as a distinct bone.

Incarnatio [in-kar-na' '-she-o) [L.]. < on version into
flesh. I. unguis, the ingrowing "I a nail.
Onyckogryphi

Incarnation [in-kar-na' -shun . 1. Granulation; heal-
ing process. 2. See Conception.

Incarnification [in-kar-nif-ik-a'-shun). Same as In-
carnation.

Incasement [in kasr-ment) [in, in ; ME., casse,a box].
The act of inclosing in a case. Incasement, Encase-
ment, Theory of, the doctrine that the ovum or sp< r
matozoid of the first animal <>l each species incased the
germs of all subsequent individuals of the species.
This theory was also called that of Preformation. Cf.
Evolution.

Incest (in'-sest) [incestus, not chaste]. Carnal inter-
course between persons of near relationship.

Inch [ME., inche, inch]. The twelfth part of a foot.
It equals 25.39954 millimeters.

Incidence [in* -sid-ens) [incidere, to fall upon], A
falling upon. The direction in which one body strikes
another. I., Line of, the path of a ray or a projec-
tile. I., Point of, the point upon which the ray or
projectile is reflected or strikes.

Incident [in'-sid-ent) [incidere, to fall upon]. Falling
upon.

Incineration [in-sin-er-a'-shun) [in, in ; cineres, ashes].
The process of heating organic substances in contact
with the air until all organic matter is driven oft, and
only the mineral ash remains.

Incised [in-sizd') [inddere, to cut]. Cut or notched.
I. Wound, one made by a sharp-edged instrument.

Incisiform [in-sif -sif-orm) [incisor, incisor; forma,
form]. In biology, resembling an incisor tooth.

Incision (in-sizA'-un) [incisio, or incisura, an incision].
The act of cutting into any tissue of the body.

Incisive [in-si/-siv) [incidere, to cut]. Having the
quality of cutting. Pertaining to the incisor teeth.
I. Canal. See Canal. I. Foramina. See Foramen.
I. Fossa. See Fossa. I. Teeth. See Incisor.

Incisor [in-si* -sor) [incidere, to cut]. Any cutting in-
strument. I. Nerve, the branch of the inferior dental
nerve supplying the incisor and canine teeth. See
Nerves, Table 0/. I. Teeth, the four most anterior
teeth in each jaw.

Incisura [in-si-su* -rak) [incidere, to cut into]. A
notch. Also, an incision. I. cerebelli, one of two
notches separating the hemispheres of the cerebellum,
the one in front and the other behind. I. inter-
tragica, the deep notch in the pinna of the ear separ-
ating the tragus and the anti-tragus. I. santorini,
a fissure extending in a vertical direction through the
cartilage of the auditory canal.

Incisure (in-sizk'-ur) [incisus, p. p. <>t incidere, to cut
into]. A slit or notch. I.'s of Schmidt and Lau-
termann, oblique lines running across the white sub-
stance of the inter-annular segments of stretched me-
dullated nerve-fibers.

Inclaudent [in-klaw1 '-dent) [in, not ; claudere, to close].
In biology, not closing.

Included (in-klud'-cd ) [in, in; claudere, to shut in].
Applied to stamens or pistils that do not project be-
yond the corolla, but are contained within it.

Inclusio fcetalis [in-klu'-ze -0 fe-ta'-lis) [1-]. A form
of fetal parasitism in which the parasite is more or
less included and overgrown by the tissues of the au-
tosite.

Inclusion [in-klu'-zkun) [includere, to enclose or shut
in]. The state of being shut in. Also, the act of
shutting in; that which is shut in.

Incoagulable [in-ko-ag,-u-la-bl)[in, not; coagulare,to

curdle]. That which will not curdle or coagulate.

Incoherence [in-ko-hlr1 -ens) [incoharenlia ; in, not;
coke ' cling together]. The quality of b

incoherent ; absence of connection of ideas or of lan-
guage ; incongruity or im 1 m e of diction.

Incoherent [in-ko-he' -rent) [in, not ; coke ■ -.tick

together]. Not connected or coherent; without
ability to preserve that sequence of words or of id
that is m to convey meaning.

Incombustibility [in-com-bus-tib-W '-it-e) [in, not;
to burn up]. The state of being incombus
tible.

Incombustible [in-com-bus' '-lib-l) [in, not; combu
to burn up]. Incapable of burning.

Income [in'-kum) [ME., income, income]. The
amount of food taken per diem.

Incompatibility (in kom-pat-ib-ilf -it-e) [in. not ; com-
patibilis, compatible]. That relation between medi-
cines that renders their admixture unsuitable This
incompatibility may be physiologic, chemic, physical,
or therapeutic.

Incompatible [in kom-pat' -ib-l) [in, not ; compatibilis,
endurable]. Incapable of mixture without undergo-
ing such chemic or physical changes as impair or
destroy the usefulness of the compound ; physiologi-
cally antagonistic, and therefore useless to prescribe.

Incompetence, Incompetency [in-kom' -pet-ens, in-
kom' '-pe-ten-se) [in, not ; competere, to be capable ; in
competens, insufficient]. Incapacity; inadequacy.
Inability to perform natural functions. I., Mental, a
disorder of mind sufficient to produce irresponsibility.
I., Aortic, Mitral, Pulmonary, Tricuspid. See
Endocarditis. I., Valvular. See Insufficiency.

Incomplete [in-kom-plef) [in, not; computus, com-
plete]. Partial, as an incomplete hernia. I. Cop-
ulation. See Coitus reservatus. I. Hernia. See
Hernia .

Incongruence [in-kon/-gru-ens] [incongruens, incon-
sistent], lack of congruence. I., Retinal, lack
of correspondence in the situation of the percipient
elements of the two retina;.

Incongruity [in-kon-gru* '-it-e) [in, not; congruere, to
go together]. Absence of agreement or of needful
harmony.

Incontinence [in-kon' -tin-ens) [in, not; continere, to
contain]. Inability to control the evacuation of the
feces or the urine ; involuntary evacuation. This term
is sometimes used as a synonym < if venereal indulgence,
lewdness. I., Seminal. See Spermatorrhea.

Incoordination [in-ko-or-din-a' -shun) [in, not ; con,
together; ordinare, to order]. In pathology, the
inability to produce voluntary muscular movements in
proper order or sequence; lack of harmony between
the will and the muscular activity. I. of Ocular
Muscles. Sec Insufficiency.

Incorporation [in-kor-por-a' '-shun) [in. in ; corpu<, a
body]. The process of intimately mixing the particles
of different bodies into a practically homogeneous
mass.

Incrassate [in-kras/-at) [in, in; crassare, to make
thick]. In biology, thickened or swollen.

Incrassation [in-kras-a' -shun) [incrassatio ; in, in;
crassus, thick]. The process of making thick, a.- by
inspissation ; enlargement of a part, due to fatness.

Incrassative [in-kras' -at-iv) [incrassare, to make
thick]. I. Having the power to make thick or
thicker. 2. Formerly a medicine supposed to correct
a thinness of the humors.

Incremation [in-kre-ma' -shun). See Cremation.

Increment [in' '-kre-ment) [incrementum, growth]. In
crease 1 »r growth.

INDIA

I. Lii

]. In

*]•

A
i cultivation

I

born. 1. 1

•h double walls, be-

be

ma
. with two compa
. the other, and lower
ith warm water, so as to
1 .

• ")

upon]. In hiul-
r the ba

i Nightmare : ephialtes.
mon that beset
nsort
1 v .; lantium. lymare.

Relating

incus]. In biol

position,
I.-malleal

I.-orbicula:

I.-stape-
I.-tym-
tnpanum.

for].
■

|. In bi-

(fr) A portion of the

\ substance formed
acid. It crystallizes

' at 1460

if the 1

the middle car of a mammal ;
mouth-parts of a rotifi 1

IndazoK • ' .' '• x

by heating hydrazin-cinnamic

a hot water in colorless ueedles, melting

ng at .270° C.

Indecent I [indecens, unbecoming]. Not

I. Exposure. Sec Exhibitionism.

Indecision V-un)\in, not; decisio ; decidere,

,,, de( ide I Morbid irresolution ; want of firmness or

. ill ; abulia oi hypobulia.

Indehiscent ' ent) [in, not; kiscere, to gap].

In biology, not opening spontaneously.
Indene {in-din'), C9H8. A hydrocarbon that occurs
with coumarone in that fraction of coal-tar boiling at
C. It is a clear oil, boiling at I77°-I78°
C It- sp. gr. is 1.040 at 150 C.
Indentation \in-den-ta' -shun) [in, in; dens, a tooth].
A condition of being notched or serrated. I. of
Tongue, the notching of the borders of the tongue
made by the teeth, and visible especially during in-
flammation of the tongue.
Index {inf-deks) [L.]. The first finger. Also, the re-
lation or ratio of one part to another, taken as a
tdard. I., Altitudinal, the height of a skull
multiplied by IOO and divided by it-- length. I.,
Alveolar, the degree of prominence of the jaws,
measured bj the basi-alveolar length multiplied by 100
and divided by the basi-nasal length. When the
alveolar index is less than 98, the skull is orthognathic,
when more than 103, prognathic, when intermediate,
mesognathic. I., Basilar. Same as /., Alveolar.
I. of Breadth. Same as I. , Cephalic. I., Cephalic,
the breadth of a skull multiplied by 100 and divided
by its length. When this is below 75, the skull is
called dolichocephalic, when above 80, it is called
brachy cephalic, between these limits, mesaticephalic.
I., Cephalo-orbital, the ratio of the solid contents
of the two orbits to the contents of the cranial cavity,
multiplied by 100. I., Cephalo-spinal, the ratio of
the measure of the foramen magnum in square milli-
meters to that of the cranial cavity in cubic centi-
meters, multiplied by 100. I., Cerebral, the ratio of
the greatesl transverse to the greatest antero-posterior
diameter of the cranial cavity, multiplied by 100.
I. -digit, the forefinger. I., Facial, the ratio of the
distance of the ophryon from the alveolar point to the
transverse diameter measured from one zygoma to the
other, multiplied by ioo. I. -finger, the forefinger. I.,
Gnathic, the ratio of the distance between the basion
and the alveolar point to the distance between the
basion and the nasal point, multiplied by IOO. I.,
Nasal, the greatest nasal width multiplied by 100, and
divided bythenasal length. When the nasal index ex-
53, the nose is platyrhine, when less than 48, it
to bi leptorkine, if between these numbers, meso-
rhine. I., Orbital, the orbital height multiplied by 100
and divided bytheorbital width. If the orbital index be
ive 89, il is called megaseme, if under 84, microseme,
it between, mesoseme. I., Refractive, the coefficient
of refraction. I., Thoracic, taken at its widest part is
100 times the sagittal, divided by the transverse
:.t. I., Vertical, of Height, the ratio of
the vertical diameter of the skull to the maximum
antero posterior diameter, multiplied by 100.
India {in'-de-ah) [Asiatic]. \ country of Asia. t.
Liver, a condition of hyperemia and enlargement oi
withgeneral anemia and cachexia,
.nd irritable and irregular pulsi
I. -rubber, the prepared concrete juice obtained mainly
from an Indian tree, Ficui elasticus, and a South
American tree, Siphonia elastic a. It is valuable

INDIAN

609

INDIVIDUAL

chiefly for its elasticity ami ii- insolubility in water. It
is with difficulty soluble in oil of turpentine, but is highly
soluble in carbon disulphid. It units at 24S0 !•'. , and
remains unchanged up to 5000 F. It is hardened and
used in mechanical dentistry as a base for artificial
teeth. It is also called Caoutchoui , </. v.

Indian {in/ -de-an) [India"]. Pertaining to India, the
West Indies, or to the aboriginal Americans. I. Bas-
ket, a hollow cylinder woven of twigs of the willow,
orof strips of other wood, used in applying extension to
a dislocated limb. Thegreater the extension, the more
firmly does the device cling to the surface. I. -blue.
Same as Indigo. I. Black-root, the rooti if Pterocaulon
pyenostachium. It has reputed alterative properties.
Dose of the fluid extract Tt^xv-xxx. Unof. I. Corn.
See Zea mays. I. Hemp. Set- Cannabis. I. Liquo-
rice. See Abrus. I. Physic, American Ipecac-
uanha, the bark of the root of Gillenia trifoliala, a
mild emetic and cathartic. Dose of the fluid extract,
rr\_x-xl. Unof. I. Sarsaparilla. See Hemidesmus.
I. Tobacco. See Lobelia. I. Turnip. See Dragon
Root. I. Madder. Same as Mungeet. I. Meal,
corn-meal. ' I. Ochre. Same as Ochre. I. Plague.
Synonym of the Plague, q. v. I. Potato. See
Apios. I. -purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of.
I. -red. Same as Colcothar and Ochre. I. -yellow.
Same as Purree.

Indican (in'-dik-an) [indicum, indigo], C,6H:]1N017.
The natural glucosid by the decomposition of which
indigo-blue is produced from the various species of
indigo-producing plants. It forms a transparent brown
syrup, tlie aqueous solution of which has a yellow
color, bitter taste, and slightly acid reaction. It is
occasionally detected in the urine.

Indicant [in' -dik-ant) [indicans : indicare, to indicate].
I. Serving as an index or as an indication. 2. A fact
or symptom that indicates a certain treatment ; an indi-
cation.

Indicanuria {in-dik-an-u' -re-aK) [indicum, indigo;
ot'/w, urine] . The morbid excess of indican in the urine.

Indication (tn-dii-a' '-shun) [indicatio, an indication].
A sign or symptom, especially when it points out the
proper course of treatment ; the inference drawn from
the various symptoms or signs in any particular case.

Indicator [inf -dik-a-tor) [indicare, to point out]. I.
The index-finger. 2. The extensor indicis muscle.
See Muscles, Table of.

Indicium [in-disk' '-e-um) [L. : pi., Indicia]. A symp-
tom or sign ; a discriminating or diagnostic mark.

Indifferent {in-dif f -er-ent) [in, not ; differens, differ-
ent]. I. Not specially differentiated. 2. Not acted
upon in a special way by any reagent.

Indifferentism [in-dif /-er-ent-izm) [in, not; differens,
different]. Lack of special differentiation.

Indifulvin [in-de-ful ' '-vin) [Iv6ik6v, indigo ; fulvus,
yellow]. A yellowish substance occurring in two vari-
eties, and produced by the action of dilute acids on
indican.

Indifuscin (in-de-fus/-in) [iv6uc6v, indigo; fuscus,
dark], CtII.,0N.,O9. A substance produced by the ac-
tion of dilute acids on indican.

Indigenous [in-dij'-cn-us) [indu, in ; "ignere, to be-
get]. Native, and not exotic. Originating or belong-
ing to a certain locality or country.

Indigestion {in-di-jes' '-chun) [indigestio ; in, not;
digerere, to digest]. Same as Dyspepsia.

Indigitation [in-dij-it-a' -shun) [in, in ; digitus, a fin-
ger]. A displacement of a part of the intestine by in-
tussusception.

Indiglucin [in-de-glu' '-sin) [Iv6ik6v, indigo; -//rsn.
sweet], 6fiH]n0r>. A yellow syrup, one of the decom-
position products of indican.
39

Indiglycin {in-de-gli'-sin). Same as Indiglucin.
Indigo {in'-dig-d) [Iviiieov, indigo], A blue pigment
formed during the fermentation of In ■ anil, I.

tincioria, and other species. It is insoluble in alcohol
or water, but freely soluble in strong sulphuric acid;
it 1- used mainly in the arts as a dye-stuff. Chemic-
ally, it i- a mixture of < reral principles, tin- chief
being a blue coloring-matter, indigotin. Therapeutic-
ally, it is an irritant to the mucous membrane of the
alimentary tract, producing intense nausea. It has
been used advantageously in epilepsy, chorea, and
convulsions, in doses varying from 3ij-^ij daily.
Unof. I. -blue, C|0HK(N.,< ).,. Indigotin ; a chromo
gen found in ordinary indigo, of which it constituti -
the principal ingredient. It is also derived from
wood {/satis tincioria). It occurs in the plant as
a glucosid, i ndican. Indigo-blue is a dark-blue pow-
der with • reddish glimmer; it becomes metallic and
copper-like under pressure. It is insoluble in water,
alcohol, and ether, and is odorless and tasteless. It
dissolves in hot anilin with a blue color, and crystallizes
from hot oil of turpentine in beautiful blue plates.
I. -brown, a resinous substance of a brown color, ob-
tained by boiling an aqueous solution of indican with
an acid. It is composed of a mixture of indihumin,
C]0HyNO3, and indirhetin, C18H17N05, the former
soluble and the latter insoluble in alcohol. I.-car-
min, a sodium salt of indigotin-disulphonic acid ; it
is used as a blue dye, a washing-blue, and is a delicate
test for sugar. I.-carmin Test for Sugar ; put
in 30 minims of water one part each of indigo-carmin
and sodium carbonate ; heat gently to solution ; add
one drop of urine, and boil quietly. A change to red
or yellow indicates sugar. See Tests, Table of. I.
Extract. See Indigo-carmin. I.-red. See Indi-
rubin. I. -white, CIfiH12N.,0.,. Indigogen; a sub-
stance obtained by the reduction of indigo-blue. It
occurs as a white crystalline powder, soluble in alco-
hol, ether, and the alkalies, with a yellowish color.
It rapidly reoxidizes to indigo-blue by exposure to the
air. I., Wild. See Baptisia.
Indigogen [in' ' -dig-o-jen). See Indigo-white and Uro-

xanthin.
Indigotin [in-dig-o' '-tin). See Indigo-blue.
Indigouria (in-dig-o-td-re-aJi) [IvdtK&v, indigo; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of indigo in the urine ; it is
due to a decomposition of indican. See Cyanurin.
Indihumin (in-de-hu'-min). See Indigo-broivn.
Indirect (iu-di-rekt') [in, not ; dirigere, to be in a
straight line]. Not direct. I. Division of Cells.
See Karyokinesis. I. Segmentation. See Karyo-
kinesis. I. Vision, that perception of an object in
which the image falls on some other spot than the
macula.
Indirhetin [i>i-dir-e'-tin). See Indigo-brown.
Indirubin [in-de-ru' '-bin) [Ivdtndv, indigo ; rubum,T&H\,
(_',,. I I,(1N.,( >.,. A substance isomeric with indigo-
blue, and very similar in its entire character to this
substance. It is produced by effecting the conden-
sation of indoxyl with isatin by means of a dilute
soda-solution. It is also called indigo-red.
Indisin (in* -dis-in\. Same as Mauvein,q.v.
Indisposition {in-dis-po-zish' -un) [inaispositio, unsuit-
ablenes-]. \ny -light illness or disturbance of the
functions of the body.
Indissoluble [in-dis/-o-lu-bl). See Insoluble.
Indium [in'-de-um) [indicum, indigo, so-called from
its indigo-blue spectral line]. A rare metal. Symbol
In., atomic weight, 113.7. It is very soft, and resi m-
bles lead in its properties. See Elements, Table of.
Individual (in-div-id/-u-al) [in. not; dividere, to di-
vide]. A single being; one of a group or species.

IN DoC EN

610

INFANTILISM

L Prep *< ■ ;•

.

: i \ V | roduct

. m uli alk;

.In

Indian ;

.in]
1 to ulcers, tun.

i by ih'
, I HaS04>

r/].
I. -blue. nts,

Indian;
Sami ri.

. >liarp],

with oxindol. It re-

lioxid from indoxylic

atile in aqueous vaj

ililc in wing yellow fluor-

jxylic Acid d.

Induced [///.-. 1 into]. Made

:iv mean-. I. Cur-

reni

Inductio: , to lead

in; .in abstract law or pro-

ific or ] .articular facts.
I. -balance, in an instrument used tor the

ik to affect the galvano-

I. -current. ; I., Faradic.

I. of Labor, the bringing on of labor

I. -coil.

Inductorium [L., a covering]. A

for phys imposes,

-blue.

, indigo matter].

m They

■ -blue in color, and ai

■ I amido-azo-

1 .i ■■•. are also

. to put on
bird or the

[in, in, on; duplicat

. or
bent

in; du

"I-

I. telae
on]

ture ; a hardened mass or lump. I., Black. See/.,
I., Brown, a hardening of lung-tissue, with
deposition of pigmentary matter. I. of Chancre,
a bard nodule, or a cup-like ring, about the margin of a
chancre or syphilitic ulcer. I., Fibroid. See/., Gray,
and Cirrhosis. I., Granular. See Cirrhosis. I.,
Gray, the appearance of the lung in chronic pneu-
monia, the cut surface of the lung being smooth,
glistening, gray, and dense. It is also called black or
induration. I., Red, a firm, resistant, red-
dened condition of the lung in chronic pneumonia.

Indusiate [in-du' '-ze-dt) [induere, to put on]. In bi-
ology, having an indusium.

Indusium [in-du' -ze-um) [induere, to put on : />/., Ih-
dusia~\. i. In biology : (a) that portion of the epider-
misofa fern frond that covers the fruit-dots orsori;
[b) tin1 case or covering of an insect larva. 2. The
vestigial layer of the cerebral cortex existing with
greater or less distinctness upon the dorsal surface of
the callosum ; it is also seen in many other mammals
beside man. It is called also Indusium griseum.

Induviae [in-du'--.', •-<•). [L. ://. Clothes]. In biology,
persistent withered leaves.

Induviate [in-du' -ve-dt) [induvia, clothes]. In biology,
clothed with old or withered parts.

Inebriant [in-e'-bre-ant)[inebrians ; inebriare, to make
drunk], i. Intoxicant; causing inebriation. 2. An
agent or drug that causes inebriation.

Inebriation [in-e bre-a'-shun) [inebriation inebriate,
to make drunk]. The condition of drunkenness.

Inebriety [in-e-bri'-et-e) [inebrietas, drunkenness]. In-
ebriation ; especially habitual drunkenness.

Inedia [in-e'-de-ah) [in, not; edere, to eat]. Synonym
of Fasting.

Inein [in'-e-in). A crystalline substance obtained from
the hairs of the seeds of Stropkanthus .

Inenucleable [in-e-nu' -kle-a-bl) [in, not ; enudeare,
to shell out]. Nol removable by enucleation.

Inequivalve [in-e-kwi'-valv) [in, not ; equus, equal ;
valva, the leaf of a door]. In biology, applied to
shells having unequal valves.

Inerm [in-erm') [in, without; artna, arms]. In biol-
ogy, without hooks, thorns, or prickles ; unarmed.

Inertia [in-er'-she-ah) [iners, inactive, unskilled ; in,
not; ars, skill]. Sluggishness. In physics, the ina-
bility of matter to change its condition except by
means of an external force. In physiology, inactivity
of any organ or function of the body. I. of Drugs,
lack of power, from inferior quality, to produce cus-
tomarj physiologic reactions. I., Intestinal, torpor
of intestinal action, or peristalsis. I., Time. See
Time. I., Uterine, the failure or sluggishness of
uterine contractions in labor.

In extremis [in eks-tre'-mis) [in, in ; extremis, last].
A Latin phrase, meaning at the end; at the point of
ih or in extreme dangi r of speedy death.

Infancy [in'-fan-se) [infans, a little child]. Early
childhood. I., Diseases of, those to which infants
are peculiarly liable.

Infant [in'-fant) [infans, a little child] . A babe. Accord-
ing to English law, one not having attained the age of
twenty-one. I.. Overlaying of, suffocation of an
infant by the lying upon it of an adult in sleep.
I. -shelter, a day nursery where the infant-children
o| working mothers are kept at a moderate expense
dui i labor. In fiance, a crlche.

Infanticide [in-fanf [infans, a little child;

. to kill]. The murder of an infant.

Infantile [in' -fan-til) [infantilis, of an infant]. Per-
I. Paralysis. See Paralysis.

Infantilism [in-fan' -til-izm) [infans, a Kttle child].
The persistence of the characters of childhood into

[NFARCT

(ill

INFLORESCEN< E

the period of normal adolescence or even into adult
life.

Infarct (in-farktf) [infarcire, to till in]. An obstruc-
tion or plug. I., Anemic, a pale wedge-shaped area
in an organ due to the occlusion of a blood vessel
by an embolus, the tissues in tin- distribution of tin;
vessel undergoing coagulation necrosis. I., Hemor-
rhagic, a dark-red wedge-shaped area in an organ due
to the occlusion of a vessel by an embolus, with the
subsequent extravasation of blood into the tissues be-
yond the point of obstruction. The base of the wedge
is toward the periphery, the apex toward the hiluin oi
the organ. The condition is most common in the
spleen, the kidney, and the lung. I., Uric Acid, the
deposition of crystals of uric acid in the renal tubules
of the newborn.

Infarction \in-fark' 'shun) [infarcire, to stuff in]. The
plugging of a vessel by an embolus; the masses of
extravasated blood in the tissues in embolism ; obstruc-
tion ; infarct.

Infarctus [in-farkt -tus) . See Infarct.

Infect \in-fekt' ) [inflcere, to put in, or corrupt]. To
communicate or transmit the specific virus or germs of
disease.

Infection [in-fek1 -shun) [infectio, infection]. The
communication of disease-germs or virus, by any
means, direct or indirect.

Infectious [in-fek1 'shus) [infectio, infection]. Having
the quality of transmitting disease or the agents that
cause disease. See also Contagious. I. Endocardi-
tis, ulcerative endocarditis ; malignant endocarditis.
I. Pseudo-rheumatism. See Pseudo-rheumatism.

Infective [in-fekr -tiv) [infectio, infection]. Infectious.
I. Angioma. See Angioma serpiginosum.

Infectivity [in-fek-tit/ it-,) [inflcere, to infect]. In-
fectiousness ; the quality of being infectious.

Infecundity [in-fe-kun' '-dii-e) [in, not ; feeundus, irxni-
ful]. Sterility, barrenness.

Inferent [in'-fer-ent). Same as Afferent.

Inferior {in-fe* '-re-or) [comp. of inferus, low]. Lower.

Inferius [in-fef -re-us) [I..]. Inferior.

Infero-lateral [in' -fer-o-lat ' -er-al) [inferus, low;
latus, side]. Situated below and to one side.

Infero-posterior [in* '-fer-o-pos-te' '-re-or) [inferus, low ;
posterius, posterior]. Situated backward and below.

Infertility \in-fer-til' -it-e) [in, not; fertilis, fertile].
Same as Sterility.

Infibulation [in-fib-u-lar -shun) [in, in; fi bula, a clasp] .
An operation formerly employed to prevent the retrac-
tion of the prepuce over the glans penis in order to
prevent copulation. It consisted in pacing a ring
through opposite edges of the prepuce. In a similar
manner a ring was passed through the labia of the
vagina in order to insure the chastity of females.

Infiltrate {in'-fil-trdt) [in, in; filtrare, to strain]. To
ooze into the interstitial spaces of a tissue; also, the
substance thus having passed.

Infiltration {in-fH-tra' -shun) [infiltratio, infiltration].
The abnormal diffusion of any fluid from without into
an organ or tissue, affecting it mechanically so as to
destroy its function. I. of Bone, a tuberculous in
filtration of bone, consisting either of matter that
becomes puriform, or else of gray cancellous matter.
I., Calcareous, deposits of lime or other calcium
salts within any tissue of the body. I., Cellular,
the primary exudation into a tissue, conveying white
corpuscles. I., Fatty, the presence of oil or fat-
globules in the interior of a cell. I., Gray, an opaque
condition of the lung found after death from acute
tuberculosis, the lung being of a dirty ash-gray color,
with no appearance of lobulation or of the normal pul-
monary structure. I., Plastic, that of a character from

which new normal growth may develop. I., Red, a
form of infiltration ol the lung in acute tuberculosis in
which the lung presents a more or less hyperemic ap-
pearance, and is soft and granular. I., Sanguineous,
an extravasation of blood. An ecchymosis. I., Tu-
berculous, a confluence of tuberculous granulations.

Infinite [inf-fin-it) [infinitus, boundless]. Immeasur-
ably or innumerably great. I. Distance, a term in
optics to denote parallelism of the light rays. Absolute
parallelism does not exist, but, practically, rays from
an object 20 feet aw. considered and so called.

Infinitesimalism ( in-fin-it-es' '-im-al-izm) [infinitus,
boundless]. The doctrine that favors the infinitesimal
dilution of drugs with the view of potentizing them,
or developing their power over diseasi

Infirm {in-ferm') [inflrmus, not strong or firm]. Weak
or feeble.

Infirmary \in-fer' '-ma-re) [inflrmarium, an infirmary!.
A hospital. An institution where ill and infirm people
are maintained during the period of treatment.

Infirmity {infer* -mit-e) [infirmitas, weakness]. Weak-
ness. Feebleness due to disease or senility.

Inflame \i>i-llamf) [inflammare, to set on fire]. To
undergo inflammation. To become unduly heated
and turgid with blood, owing to a morbid condition.

Inflammatio [in-flam-a'-sheo) [I-]- A burning. I.
ventriculi. See Gastritis.

Inflammation [in-flam-a' -shun) [inflammatio, a burn-
ing]. A condition of nutritive disturbance character-
ized by hyperemia, with proliferation of the cell> < I a
ti>>ue or organ, and attended by one or more of the
symptoms of pain, heat, swelling, discoloration, and
disordered function. I., Adhesive, a synonym of
Healing by First Intention. I., Aplastic, and I.,
Plastic. See L ymph. I., Granulomatous, a chronic
form of inflammation occurring usually in scrofulous 01
syphilitic individuals, with the formation of granulation -
tis>ue of low vitality. This tissue breaks down into
small abscesses, the latter uniting to form fistulous tracks
without any tendency to the formation of cicatrices. I.
of the Periosteum of a Tooth, periodontitis. See
Odontalgia, and Periostitis, Dental. I., Pyo-gangren-
ous, a form of rapidly progressive inflammation, with
the production of a gangrenous focus, surrounded by a
zone of suppuration. I., Regenerative, that form of
inflammation which is followed by cicatrization. See
also Theories of Inflammation.

Inflammatory (in-flam'-at-o-re) [inflammare, to in-
flame]. Pertaining to inflammation. I. Blush,
synonym of Erythema. I. Corpuscle. See I
puscle, C luge's. I. Exudation, the fluid exuded
from an inflamed part. I. Fever. See Traumatic
Fever. I. Focus, the central or culminating spot of
an inflamed part, or that at which suppuration begins.
I. Fungoid Neoplasm. See Mycosis. I. Infiltra-
tion, the exudation escaping into the interstices of an
inflamed tissue and not removed by the lymphatics.
I. Zone, the area of gangrenous formation bounded
by the line of demarcation between dead and living
tissue. Also, the line of demarcation.

Inflation {in-lla'-shun) [inflatio ; injlare, to puff up].
Distention with air. In surgery, distention of the
bowels with air, to relieve obstruction ; or of the lungs,
for artificial respiration ; or of the Eustachian tube, for
therapeutic purpi i

Inflected [in-flek' -ted) [in, in; flectere, to bend]. In
biology, bent inward or downward.

Inflexed (in-jlekstr) [inflectere, to bend]. In biology,
bent. Same as In fleeted.

Inflorescence \in-flor-es/ -ens)[in, in ; florescere, to begin
to blossom]. In biology: (a) blossoming, flowering ;
(6) a flower-cluster.

im •:

I Ml' SUM

Influen.-.i

I in-

■

. to

I

.mil

tiled

In-

.\ ] Aii inflow.

■
1

I-

In hi-
<um.
]. A Latin prefix

| i, below;

the arm pit.

. below;
b low the gills.

■ ■ ■ i ici al mass.
u [infra, be-

:■ j Below the collar-

icommissun- [infra, below;

unite]. The inferior commissure of the

i constrictor n-strikf -tor) [infra, be-

ther]. 1 he inferior
. I'ablc of.
.ortical [infra, below;

neath the cortical substance

tcostal low ; costa, a

• fusclcs, Table

. breaking],
i, an indent;!1

ll'-ik) [in-
wall]. Situated

[infra, below;

Fjyoid |,, ii

[infra, below ;
ith or below the

[infra, below ;
l w.
. below; or-
I. Artery,
i •■ traversing
I. Canal, i i in thi

the infraorbital
I Foramen. | ture in the

te infraorbital
I Groove,

I
irv nei ■

ow ;

Infraspinatus [in-frah-spi na'-tus). See Muscles, Table

Infraspinous [in-frah-spi' -nus) [infra, below ; spina,
pine]. Beneath a spine, as of the scapula or a ver-
tebra. I. Fascia, the dense membranous fascia cov-
ering the infraspinous muscle. I. Muscle. See
.)/.. '.'//'/<• if.

Infrasternal [in-frah-ster/-nal) [infra, below; ster-
num, breast bone]. Below the sternum. I. De-
pression, tin- depression of the ensiform cartilage,
mmonly called the pit of the stomach.

Infratemporal [in-frah-tem'-po-ral) [infra, below;
tempo ra, the temple]. Situate 1 beneath the temporal
bone.

Infrathoracic (in-frah tlio-ra' -sik) [infra, below ; 0&-
. thorax]. Below the thorax.

Infratrochlea [in-frah-trokf-le-ah) [infra, below;
trochlea, a pulley], Below the trochlea. I. Nerve.
. Table of.

Infraturbinal [in-frah-tur4 '-bin-al) [infra, below ; tur-
i wheel, top]. Inferior turbinal. See Bones,
Tabi

Infravaginal [in-frah-vaj' -in-al) [infra, below;
vagina, sheath]. Situated below the vaginal vault.

Infriction [in frik'-skun) [infrictio, a rubbing in]. The
rubbing ol a .surface with an ointment or liniment.

Infundibula (in- fun-Jib' -u-lah) [L. ]. Plural of Infun-
dibulum; </. v. I. of Kidneys, the calices or the
divisions of the pelvis of the kidney formed by the
confluence of the calices. I. of Lungs, the elongated
sacs (set about with air-cells) in which the smallest air-
passages terminate. I. subgenitalia. See Demnia.

Infundibular [in-fun-dib' '-u-lar) [infundibulum, ■& fun-
nel]. Of the nature of or belonging to an infundi-
bulum.

Infundibuliform ( in-fun-dib-u'-lif-orm) [infundibulum ,
a funnel ; forma, a form]. Funnel-shaped. I.
Fascia, the funnel-shaped membranous layer that
invests the spermatio cord.

Infundibulum [in-fun-dib' -u-lum) [in fun dor, to pour
into]. In biology, a term frequently and variously ap-
plied to funnel-shaped organs or parts. I. of Brain, a
funnel shaped mass of gray matter attached to the
pituitary body. I. of Cochlea, a small cavity at the
■ nd of tlu- modiolus. I. of Heart, the arterial cone
from which the pulmonary artery arises. I. of Ovi-
duct, the cavity formed by the fringes at the ovarian
end of an oviduct.

Infuscate [in-fus'-kdt) [infuscare, to make dark or
dusky]. In biology, clouded or darkened.

Infused (in fuzd') [infundere , to pour in] . Extracted;
steeped. I. Oils. See Olea infusa.

Infusion (in-fu'-zfun) [infusio, infusum, an infusion],
I. See Infusum. 2. The slow and gentle injection
oi water or of a medicated liquid into a vein, or into
parenchymatous tissues.

Infusor or) [L.]. An instrument by means of

which water or a medicated liquid may be made to flow
slowly into a vein, or into the parenchymatous tissues.

Infusoria [in-fit ro'-re-aA) [infusum, an infusion] A

class of microscopic, ciliated organisms belonging to

the order of Protozoa. They are so called because

ten develop in great numbers in organic infu-

ms. They reprodui e by fission.

Infusum [in-fit' nun [L. : gen., Infitsi ; />/., Tnfusa~\
An infusion In pharmacy, a preparation made by
ating a vegetable substance with hoi or with cold
water, without boiling. Infusions should, in the ab-
sence of specif] contain I part of the sub-
stance to IO of water. There are four official infusa,
and two in the National Formulary, besides a large
number in the British Pharmacopeia.

l\<;ksta

613

[NJECT

Ingesta [in-jes/-tah) [ingerere, to carry into]. Sub-
stances introduced into the body, especially for pur-
poses of alimentation.

Ingestion [in-jes/-chun) [ingestio, ingestion], i. The

introduction of food or nutrition into the mouth or
stomach. 2. The process by which a cell takes up
foreign matters, such as bacilli or smaller cells.

Ingluvial [in-glu' '-ve-al ') [ingluvies, the crop]. Per-
taining to the ingluvies.

Ingluvies [in-glu* '-ve-ez) [in, in ; glutire, to swallow ].
In biology, tin- most anterior dilatation of the alimen-
tary canal, as the crop or craw in birds, the paunch or
rumen in mammals, the sucking-stomach of insect-

Ingluvin [in' -glu-vin) [ingluvies, crop or craw of a
bird]. A preparation obtained from the gizzard of the
fowl, Pullus gallinaceus, used as a substitute for pep-
sin and pancreatin. It is very efficient in the vomit-
ing of pregnancy. Dosegr. x-xx.

Ingot [ing/-got) [ME., ingot, & mold for molten metal].
A bar of gold, silver, or other metal, cast in a
mold.

Ingrassias, Processes, or Wings of. The lesser
wings of the sphenoid bone.

Ingravescent [in-grav-esf -ent) [i / igr a vescere, to become
heavy]. Increasing in weight or in severity. I.
Apoplexy. See Apople \ 1 .

Ingravidation [in-grav-id-a'-shun). See Impregna-
tion.

Ingredient [in-gre* '-de-ent) [ingredi, to step into]. Any
substance that enters into the formation of a com-
pound.

In- growing Nail. See Onychogryphosis.

Inguen {iug' -given) [L.]. The groin, </. v.

Inguinal [in' '-gwin-al) [inguen, the groin]. Pertaining
to the groin. I. Arch, the crural arch. I. Canal,
the canal transmitting the spermatic cord in the male,
and the round ligament in the female. It is situated
parallel to and just above Poupart's ligament. I.
Glands, the superficial and the deep glands of the
groin. I. Hernia. See Hernia. See, also, Liga-
ment, Region, Rhi^. I. Plague. Synonym of Plague.

Inguino- [in'-gwin-o-) [inguen, the groin]. In com-
position, pertaining to the groin. I. -abdominal,
pertaining conjointly to the groin and the abdomen.
I. -crural, relating to the groin and the thigh. I.-
cutaneous, relating to the integument of the groin.

Ingurgitation [in-gur-jit-a' 'shun) [ingurgitatio, a swal-
lowing]. 1. The act of swallowing; deglutition. 2.
Excess in eating or drinking.

Inhalation [in-ha-la' -shun) [inhalatio ; inhalare, to
draw in]. The in-breathing of air or other vapor.
I. -diseases, those due to the inspiration of air contain
ing dust or any finely divided matter. See Grinders
Disease. I. of Medicines, the introduction into the
air-passages or lungs of medicinal substances in the
form of vapor or fine spray.

Inhale [in-hal') [inhalare, to breathe in]. To inspire
or draw air or other vapor into the lungs.

Inhaler [in-ha'-ler) [inhalare, to breathe in]. An in-
strument for inhaling a gas or the vapor of a liquid
medicine. I., Nitrous-oxid, a breathing-tube for the
inhalation of nitrous-oxid gas; it is constructed of
vulcanized rubber or metal. See Anesthetic.

Inherent [in-he* '-rent) [inharere, to cleave to]. Con-
stitutional; innate; natural to the organism; not
casual or derivative.

Inheritance [in-her* -it-ans) [F. , inheriter, to inherit].
The act of inheriting. I., Particulate, the reappear-
ance of single peculiarities in the offspring. I., Use,
the inheritance of acquired characters ; the acquisition
by the offspring of changes in the body cells of the
parent.

Inherited [in her'-it-ed) [in. in, t<> ; keres, heir]. I).-
rived from an ancestor. I. Disease, a disease that
has been transmitted to a child b) it- parent.

Inhibit [in-hibf-it) [inhibere, to check]. To check,
restrain, or suppn

Inhibition [in-hib-ish' -un) [inhibitio, restraint]. The
aet of checking, restraining, or suppressing ; any in-
fluence tint controls, retards, or restrains. Inhibitory
nerve- and centers are those intermediating a modifi
cation, stoppage, or suppn ssionol a motoi "i secretory
act already in progress. I., Mental, the involuntary
1 train) that active mental states exercise over bodily
functions, normal or otherwise. I., Vasomotor, an
intlucncc exerted on the < ontrai tile wall- of the bl<
vessels, that causes their dilatation by a diminution of
their ton.-. I., Voluntary, the checking or temporary
restraint of a reflex by force of will.

Inhibitive [in-hib'-it iv). See Inhibit

Inhibitory [in-hib' -it-o-re) [inhibitorius, inhibitory]
Having the power to restrain or hold m check. I. Cen-
ter of Setschenow, a cerebral center in the optii lobes
of the brainof the frog, the stimulation of which c h
spinal reflexes. I. Nerves of the Heart, those of
the vagus supplied by the cardio-inhibitorj center,
through the spina] accessory nerve. I. Nerves of
Respiration, certain afferent fibers in the laryngeal
branches of the vagus nerve, that exert an inhibitory
action on the inspiratory act of respiration. I. Cen-
ters, nerve-centers that inhibit, restrain, or even
arrest the action of other centers. I. Fibers, centri-
fugal nerve-fibers that affect other centers so as to
moderate or nullify their action.

Inhumation [in-hu-ma' '-shun) [inhumare, to put in the
ground]. Burial of the dead in the ground. See
limitation.

Iniad {in'-e-ad) [Iviov, the occiput]. Toward the
inial aspect.

Inial [in'-e-al) [iviov, occiput]. Pertaining to the inion.
I. Aspect, the posterior aspect of the head.

Inien [in'-e-en) [Iviov, occiput]. Belonging to the inion
in itself.

Iniencephalus (in-e-en-sefr-al-us) [iv'mv, occiput ;
i] hi oti'/ or, brain]. A variety of single autositic mon
sters of the species Exeneephalus in which there is the
same deformity of the skull as in notencephalus, with
the addition of a spinal fissure involving the cervical
and thoracic vertebra?.

Iniodymus [in-e-od'-im-us) [iviov, occiput ; rf/rfw//of,
double]. A teratism with one body and two heads
joined at the occiput.

Inio-glabellar \in' -e-o-gla-bel'-ar) [iviov, occiput;
glaber, smooth]. Relating to or joining the inion and
the glabella.

Inion [in'-e-on) [Iviov, occiput]. The external protu-
berance of the occipital bone. SeeCraniometric Points.

Iniops (in'-e-ops) [Iviov, occiput ; bip, face]. A cata-
didymous monstrosity with the parts below the navel
double, the thoraccs joined into one, and one head
with two faces, the one incomplete.

Inirritative [in-ir* -it-a-tiv) [///.not; irritare, to irri-
tate]. Not irritant; soothing.

Initial (in-ish'-al) [///.into; ire, to go]. Beginning or
commencing. I. Cells, germ cells. I. Sclerosis, the
primary induration of a hard chancre. I. Stage of
Labor. See Labor, Stages

Initis (in-i'-tis) [tf, muscle, liber; trie, inflammation].
Inflammation of fibrous or muscular tissue.

Inject [in-jekf) [in, into ; iacere, to throw]. To effect
the introduction of a liquid into any cavity of the body,
natural or artificial, by means of a syringe or similar in-
strument. In pathology, to produce a condition of
distention of the capillaries with blood.

I

■.]. An

I . -'ting,

I.. Nutn-
iin or

I., Opaque Naked-eye,
: plaster-

I.,

iiium for

ium bi-

I. -pneumonia lition >>f

illowing

lin.

throw in]. An ap-
■ material
ides.
. not ; ;., . Ju].

o< its parts.
mi valgum,
the air of ventilation
I. of the Pelvis, the heart-
i : the pelvis ; the supe-

I

born in]. Con-

!ii ; intrinsic. In biology,

by the

[in, in ; nen u . nerve].

• from a ganglionic

stowed

listribution of nerves

; the manil i nervous

I'lural of Innomina-

>
■

[in, without ; // m >i, a
the body
n given. I.
I. Bone, the ir-
and anterior
I.
I. Veins.

:

. pi.,

nutrire, to
'• .1 nutrition or nourish-

m]. Any

mi

>le.

,;n IN' >SCl LA riON

Inoculable t-la-bl) [inoculare, to implant].

Susceptible >■! being inoculated.

Inocular {in-ok' -u-lar) [in, in ; oculus, eye]. In bio-
y, applied to those insect antennae that arise from
notches in the inner margins "I" the compound ryes.

Inoculation {in-ok-u-la* -shun) [inoculatio, an ingraft -
The introduction into the circulation of the
virus of infectious diseases, or ol certain medicinal
nts I., Jennerian, vaccination, or the inocula
vpox-virus. I. of Smallpox, inoculation
with thecontagium ol smallpox to produce a mild type
of thedisease. I., Preventive, inoculation with some
virus i" act as a preventive of a more serious disi
type of the same disease.

Inoculator [in^ok' -u-la-lor) [inoculatio, an ingrafting],
i me whoor that which inoculates; an instrument used
in inoculatii

Inocyst {in'-o-sist) [ig, a liber; Kvorig, bladder]. A
fibrous capsule.

Inoendothelioma {in-o-en-do-tke-le-or -mafi) [Ig, fiber ;

fov, within; "'//'/. nipple; dim, tumor:

[noendotheliomata\ Round-celled fibro- sarcoma.

Inoepithelioma {in o-ep-ith-e-le-o* -mah) [/<;, liber; k—i,
upon; "■,/',. nipple; bua, tumor: pi., Inoepithelio-
mata\. Medullary carcinoma containing fibrous tissue.

Inogen {in'-o-jeri) [Ig, (gen. Iv6g), fiber; yewav, to
produce]. A hypothetic substance believed to occur in
muscular tissue, and to be decomposed, during
contraction, into carbon dioxid, sarcolactic acid, and
myosin. Because of tliis behavior it is considered as
the energy-producing substance of muscle.

Inogenesis (in-o-jen' '-es-is) [ig, muscle; ykveoug, gen-
eration]. The formation of fibrous muscular tissue.

Inohymenitisfyn-o-Ai-men-i'-tis) [if, fiber; bfifyv, mem-
brane ; ing, inflammation]. Inflammation of any
fibrous structure.

Inoleiomyoma {in-o-li-o-mi-(/-mah) [ig, fiber ; Tielog,
smooth; uvg, muscle; bfia, a tumor: //., Inoleiomyo-
mala\. A myoma made up of, or containing, un-
striped muscular fibers.

Inoma [in-o' mak) [ig, a fiber; bfia, a tumor: //. ,
Inomata\. Same as Fibroma.

Inomyxoma {in-o-miks-or -maK) [Ig, fiber; uvi-a,
mucus; bfia, tumor: pi. , Inomyxomata~\. Same as
Fibro-myxoma.

Inoperculate | in-o-per' '-ku-la£) [hi, without ; operculum,
a cover, lid]. In biology, having no operculum or lid.

Inopexia, or Inopexy {in-o-peksf-c-ah, or in'-o-peks-e)
. fiber; Jnpftc, coagulation]. A tendency in tin-
blood toward spontaneous coagulation.

Inophlogosis {in .fiber; <f>?.6ywoic , in-

flammation]. Inflammation of any fibrous tissue.

Inopolypous {in-o-pol' '-ip-u i [". fiber; polypus,
polyp]. Of the nature of an inopolypus.

Inopolypus {in-o-pol f -ip-us) [ig, liber \polypus, polyp].
A fibrous |» ilypus.

Inorganic {in or-gan'-ik) [in, not; organum, an instru-
ment]. A term applied to a bodj or a substance that
pos the pos -iliilitii •-. of development ,

■ will, or life. I. Constituents. See Constituents.

Inorrhabdomyoma {in-or-ab-do-mi-o' '-man) \jr, fiber ;
1 - , muscle ; bfia, tumor: />/., Inorrhab-
■:u/ii~\. A fibrous rhabdomyoma.

Inosclerosis {in-o-skte-ro' I , fiber; aKhfpbg, hard],
hardening of fibrous tissue.

Inosculate [in, in, on; osculum, dim.

lOUth]. In . to unite by small open-

; to ana

Inosculation {in-os-ku-lar -shun) [in, in; osculare, to
The joining, at their mouths, of the branches of
blood •■ specially the extremities of the arteries

with the origins of vein-

[NOSINK ACID

615

INSANITY

Inosinic Acid i in o rin'-ik). An ammonium derivative
from muscle, of unknown constitution.

Jnosis {iu-o'-sis). See Inogenesis.

Inosite {in'-o-sit) [ig, fiber], C6H,2Oa jII,<>. A
saccharine substance occurring sparingly in the human
body, especially in the muscles. It also occurs in
diabetic urine and in the urine of chronic nephritis.
It is found in abundance in the vegetable kingdom,
particularly in unripe beans. It forms large efflor-
escent crystals (rhombic tables) ; in microscopic pre-
parations n is usually obtained in tuft d lumps of fine
crystals. It is readily soluble in water, but insoluble
in absolute alcohol and ether.

Inosituria [in-o-sit-u' -re-aA) [ic, fiber; ovpov, urine].
The presence of inosite in the urine.

Inosteatoma [in-o-ste-at-& '-tnak) [tc, fiber; ariap, fat ;
bpa, tumor: pi., Inosteatomata\ A steatoma with
fibrous elements.

Inosuria [in-o-su1 -re-aA). Sec Inosituria.

Inotagmata {in-o-lag'-mat-aA , strength, force;

rdypa, a regular arrangement, as of soldiers]. In
biology, Engelmann's name lor hypothetic, contractile
elements that g the force of protoplasmic

motion; they are held to be uniaxial and doubly-
refractive ; also written Isotagmaia.

Inquest {in'-kwest) [inquesita ; in, into ; quarere, to
ask]. A judicial inquiry. I., Coroner's, an inquiry
concerning the cause of the death of one who has
died by violence or in some sudden or unknown way.

Inquiline [inr -k-udl-in) [L., inquilinus. an inhabitant
of a place that is not his own]. In biology, a com-
mensal or messmate ; an animal inhabiting an abode
that it does not produce.

Inquination {in-kwin-a' 'sAuri) [inquinatio, pollution].
Pollution ; infection ; corruption.

Inquisition {in-kwiz-isA' -un) [inquisitio, an inquiry].
The inquiry or hearing before a jury or commission
concerning the sanity or lunacy of a criminal or a
person charged with crime.

Insaccation (in-sak-a'-sAun) [in, in ; saccus, sac].
Encystment ; enclosure in a sac.

Insalivation [in-sal-iv-a' 'sAuri) [i/i, in; saliva, the
spittle]. The mixture of the food with saliva during
mastication.

Insalubrity [in-sal-u'-brit-e) [in, not; salubris, whole-
some]. Unwholesomc-ncss of airorof climate.

Insanability [in-san-ab-W -it-e) [in, not; sanabilis,
curable]. Incurablcness ; the quality or state of
being incurable.

Insane [in-san') [in, not; sanus, sound]. Deranged
or diseased in mind. I. Ear. See Hematoma auris.

Insaniola [in-san-i'-o-laA) [dim. of insania, insanity].
A slight or minor degree of insanity.

Insanitary {in-san' -it-a-re) [in, not; sanitas, health].
Not sanitary ; not in a proper condition as respects the
preservation of health (said of bouses, buildings, and
their surroundings).

Insanitation [in-san-it-a' '-sAun) [in, not ; sanitas,
health]. Lack of proper sanitary conditions ; defect
of sanitation.

Insanity {in-sanf -it-e) [insanitas, insanity]. A de-
rangement or abnormal condition of the mental facul-
ties, with or without loss of volition and of conscious
ness. Insanity may be due to defective development,
to acquired disease, or to natural decay. It is char-
acterized, according to its form, by a variety of symp-
toms, the most common of which are change of char-
acter and habits, moroseness, confusion, elation,
melancholy, mania, delusions, and hallucination-..
The psychotic tendency is the chief predisposing cause,
and on this some one of the many exciting causes will
act and result in the final break-down. The vast

majority of cases of insanity occur between the ages
of twenty live and forty live. Melancholia, mania,
delusional insanity, and dementia are the four principal
types "i the affection. According to Krafft-Ebing, in-
sanity may be divided into two great groups, accord-
ing as the disorder i> the result of a disturbance of the
developed brain or of an arrest of brain-development.
He places insanity ordinarily so-called under the first
head ; his subdivisions are as follows : —

A. Mental affections of the developed brain.

I. Psychoneuroa
i. Primary curable conditions.

a. Melan< bolia

a. Melancholia passiva.
ti. Melancholia attonita.

b. Man

a. Maniacal exaltation.
6 Maniacal frenzy.

c. Stupor.

2. Secondary incurable states.

a. Secondary monomania.

b. Tei Mima! dementia.

a. Dementia agitata.
/3. I lementia apathetica.
II Psychic degenerative states.

a. Constitutional affective insanity {fulte >aison-

ante).

b. Moral insanity.

c. Primary monomania.

a. Willi delusions.

aa Of a persecutory tinge.

PS. Of an ambitious til
/3. With imperative conceptions.

d. Insanities transformed from the constitutional

re 111
a. Epileptic.
/3. Hysteric.
7. Hypochondriac.

e. Periodic insanity.

III. Brain diseases with predominating mental symp-
toms.

a. Paralytic dementia.

b. Cerebral syphilis.

c. Chronic alcoholism.

d. Senile dementia.

e. Acute delirium.

B. Mental results of arrested brain-development : idiocy

and cretinism.

I., Acquired, that arising after a long period of life
of mental integrity. I., Alcoholic, that induced by
alcoholic excess, usually a result of hereditary tenden-
cies. I., Alternating. See /.. Circular. I., Cir-
cular, cyclothymia; alternating insanity; a form of
insanity recurring in cycles varying in length from a
few days to many months. The arrangement of the
cycle varies in different individuals, but is constant in
a given case. Thus melancholia may be followed by
mania, and this by a lucid interval, the passage from
one mental condition to the other being abrupt or gradual.
I., Climacteric, insanity occurring at or near the
menopause. I., Communicated, that transmitted by
as-ociation with an insane person. I., Confusional,
stuporous insanity; delusional stupor; mania hallu-
cinatoria ; surgical insanity; puerperal mania; post-
febrile insanity ; an acute insanity produced by nervous
shock or exhausting disease, without distinct constant
emotional depression or exaltation, with marked fail-
ure of mental power or complete imbecility, often
accompanied by hallucinations and loss of physical
]iower. Recovery is usually complete. I., Doubting,
a form of melancholia according to Regis, but accord-
ing to others a psycho-convulsive mental disease
closely allied to delusional insanity, which consists in an
uncontrollable doubt and indecision regarding the oc-
cupations, duties, or events of the day. of religion, etc.
I., Epidemic, a form occasionally manifested among
a number of people in common association, as in con-
vents or schools. I., Febrile, a maniacal form, occa-
sional!) occurring in the course or as a sequel of acute
inflammation or fever. I., Hereditary, that trans-
mitted from parent to child, and not induced by other

: I IV

.;k;

INS I [NCTIVE

41, I Id '• '"

the

I . I::.;.

unit

I

A Itll

I

III-

[., Pri-

\ all the

i' 'in

[., Puer-

delirium

nrring
[., S

1 at the

I.,

al or ac-

- ur

n women

nity.

I .Stuporous, • • mentia; a

Is maturity.
It

I.,
Surgical. I., Volitional, such

of tin- will,
i, not;
-
. that which
incapable
I. Appetite. tulimia.

■ .J:ne.p tin'-e-e).

minis muscle.
i carve in].
■ in the

]. Any mem-

I . -

of

in common

■ r this purpose.

i .'.

, to cut

.
ts.
'urn, an insect ;

•, an insect ;

.mini. ils

■/, an ins
In iperty of

turn, ii
■ upon ii

■

luction of

i>i, not,

1

Insensible i n n' tio-l) [in, not: sentire, to feel].
Without the ~<. n-f "I feeling. Incapable of being
perceived or recognized bythe senses. Unconscious.
Insertion (. .//;) [insertio ; inserere, to set in].

The ai i of ^< :tting or placing in ; or, that which is set
in; the point at which a muscle is attached to the part
that it moves; the place or the mode of attachment
ol an organ to it- support. I., Velamentous, the
attachment of tin- umbilical cord to the margin of the
ula.
Insidious [in-sid' '-e-us\ [insidia, an ambush]. Deceit-
ful, stealthful. Hidden from external view. I. Dis-
ease, one, the onset of which Jn gradual or inappre-
ciable.
Insipid [in-sip/-id) [insipidus, unsavory]. Tasteless.
Insitio dentis [in-sish' '-e-o den'-tis) [1--]. Implantation

.i tooth.
In situ [in si'-tu) [in, in ; situ, position], A Latin

phrase meaning in a given or natural position.
Insolatio [in-so-la' '-she-d) . See Sunstroke.
Insolation (in-so-la'-sAun) [insolatio/ in, in ; sol, sun].
I. Exposure to the sun, either as a prophylactic treat-
ment or as a cause of disease. 2. Sunstroke. 3. In
pharmacy, the drying or bleaching of substances by
exposure to the sun.
Insolubility [in-sol-u-bil ' -it-e) [insohibilis, insoluble].

quality of being insoluble; lack of solubility.
Insoluble [in-sol '' '-u-il) [in, not; solubilis, soluble].

Incapable of solution.
Insomnia [in-som'-ne-ah) [in, not; sotnnus, sleep].

Want of sleep ; inability to sleep.
Inspection (in-spek' -shun) [inipectio, or inspectus, a
beholding]. In medicine, the examination of the
body or any part of it.
Inspergation {in-sper-ga'-shun) [inspergere, to sprinkle
into]. The sprinkling or dusting of a part with a
tine powder.
Inspiration [in-spir-a' -skun) [inspiratio ; in, in; spir-
are, to breathe] . That part of respiration consisting of
the drawing in of the breath.
Inspiratory [in-spi' -rat-or-e) [in, in; spirare, to
breathe]. Pertaining to the act or function of inspir-
ation. I. Spasm, a rare form of hysteric spasm of
the larynx occurring only during inspiration, the
vocal bands instead of separating, tending to approach
one another.
Inspissant (in-spis'-ant) [inspissans ; in, in; spissare,
to thicken]. 1. Tending to thicken ; thickening the
blood or oilier fluids. 2. An agent that tends to in-
crease the thickness of tin- blood or some other fluid.
Inspissate (in-spis/-a~t) [inspissare, to thicken]. To
make thick by evaporation or by absorption of the
liquid menstruum.
Instaminate [in-stam' '-in-af) [in, not ; stamen , a sta-
men]. Without stamens
Instauration [in-staiv-ra'-shun) [instauratio, renewal].
The first appearance of a physiologic condition; the
iblishmenl of a new function.
Instep [instop, the bend of the foot]. The

. or its dorsal aspect.
Instillation [in-stil-a' -shun) [instillatio ; instillare, to
put in little by little]. The pouring of a liquid gutta-
tim, or little by little. To introduce into a cavity,
canal, or sac, drop by drop.
Instinct (/;/ [instinguere , to impel]. In biol-

habits registered in the nervous system
ol the race (Grant Alien). An inherited natural im-
l"1' tted with a reasoning conception as to

id effect.
Instinctive {in-stingkf-tiv) [instinguere, to impel].
Prompted or determined by instinct ; of the nature of
instil

[NSTIPI LATE

617

[NTENSITY

Instipulate [in-stip' -u-lat) [in, without ; \tipula, a
stalk]. In biology, without stipules.

Institute [in'-stit-ut) [instituere, to set up]. A state-
ment of principles. Also, any establishment for the
statement or dissemination of principles. Institutes
of Medicine, the explanation or philosophy oi the
laws of the science ol medicine, physiology, pathol-
ogy, therapeutics, and hygiene, or the general and
elementary principles oi the same. The term is used
sometimes as a synonym >>i physiology.

Instrument {in' -stru-ment) \instrumentum ; ins/run,-,
to build]. Any mechanical tool or device used in
operation or treatment. I., Exploring, for examin-
ing teeth to ascertain the work necessary to l>e done ;
more especially for determining the presence of cane.-,
of the teeth.

Instrumentarium {in-stru-men-ta* -re-utri) [I-]. A
supply or collection of surgical, dental, or other in-
struments.

Instrumentation {in-stru-men-ta' -shuri) [instrumen-
tum, an instrument]. The care and management of a
surgeon's instruments.

Insuccation {in-suk-a' -shuri) [m, into; succus, juice].
The Steeping of a drug for a considerable time in water
before using it in any pharmaceutic process.

Insufficiency [in-suf-Jisld-en se) [insufflcientia ; in,
not; sub, under; facere, to make]. Incapacity of
normal action, on account of some deficiency, as of
size; the quality of not being sufficient for a special
function or duty. In ophthalmology, a disturbance of
equilibrium of the ocular muscles, that is overcome by
the effort of binocular vision, and so does not produce
strabismus. It is also called latent or dynamic squint.
I., Aortic. See Endocarditis. I. of the Cardiac
Valves, imperfect closure, permitting regurgitation.
I. of the Externi, or esophoria; the internal recti
ocular muscles are more powerful than the externi, or
more accurately, the power of adduction, or conver-
gence, is excessive. I. of the Interni, or exophoria;
the external recti are predominant or the power of ad-
duction is subnormal. I. of Muscles, Active, a phe-
nomenon of amuscle acting on two or more joints when
the joints over which it passes are so changed that it
cannot contract actively any further than to the extent ot
the shortening from which it begins to be active. I. of
Muscles, Passive, the analogue of the phenomena
of active insufficiency whereby motion of the part is pre-
vented from the position of the joint, the muscle being
too short to act under such circumstances. I. of the
Ocular Muscles, heterophoria, or unbalance ; high
degrees result in strabismus, diplopia, asthenopia,
etc. I., Mitral. See Endocarditis. I., Pulmon-
ary. See Endocarditis. I., Tricuspid. See Edno-
carditis.

Insufflation {in-suf-fla' -shuri) [insufflare ; in, in;
sufflare, to puff]. The blowing ,,f any finely divided
substance upon a surface or into a cavity, or the filling
of any cavity with air, gas, or vapor.

Insufflator [in' ' -suf-ld-tor) [in, in ; sufflare, to blow].
A small instrument for blowing fine powders into a
cavity or on a surface. Also, one for blowing air into
the lungs.

Insula {in'-su-lah) [L.]. I. In anatomy, the island of
Reil. 2. Any detached part or exclave of an organ.
3. A blood-islet, or island. See Island.

Insular (in'-su-lar) [insula, an island]. Isolated in
condition ; also, pertaining to the I -land of Reil. I.
Sclerosis, Disseminated, Cerebrospinal, or Multiple
Sclerosis. A disease characterized by scattered islets
of sclerosis in the brain and cord. It "is called sclerose
en plaques disseminees by the French, and multiple
sclerosis by the Germans. It is distinctly a disease of

early adult life, and is of about equal frequency in the
two sexes. The causes are obscure. The disease has
been observed to follow infectious diseases, 1 xposure
to wet and cold, and traumatism. In some cases a
neuropathic predisposition has been present. The
symptoms varj a< 1 ording to the situation of the is!
the most common arc motor derangement, a jei
tremor, paresis or paralysis, and ocular symptoms,
diplopia and amblyopia, with nystagmus, and 1 .< 1 asion-
allv atrophy of the discs. The tremor is ordinarily
absent during repose, but appears on attempted move-
ment, and i- hence designated, intention tremor. The
speet h is a characteristic one, very slow, each syllable
being pronounced with difficulty ; hence it is said to
be of a" scanning"" nature. Vertigo is also averyfre-
quent symptom, and in the advanced stage the mind
undergoes deterioration, and dementia may make its
appearance. The knee-jerks are exaggerated and ankle-
clonus is present. The lesions of the disease are small
grayish or yellow gelatinous patch red thn >ugh-

out the brain and in both the white and gray matter
of the cord.

Insulate (in'-su-ldt) [insulare, to make like an island].
To isolate or separate from surroundings. In elec-
tricity, to surround a conductor with a non-conducting
substance or with one having an exceedingly high
degree of resistance.

Insulation {in-su-la' -shuri) [insulatio ; insulare, to
make like an island]. The process of insulating ; the
state or quality of being insulated.

Insult {in' -suit) [insult us : in, upon; sal/are, to
leap]. The beginning of a paroxysm or of an
attack of a disease. I., Apoplectic, an apoplectic
stroke.

Insusceptibility {in-sus-sep-tib-il' -it-e) [insusceptibilis,
not susceptible]. Absence of contagious quality; it
differs from Immunity in being applied to the disease
instead of the person.

Integer {in'-te-ger) [L.]. An entity. I., Fissural,
a term designating a fissure of the brain, which
is independent in some species or individuals,
and deepest at or about the middle of its length,
corresponding nearly with the place of first appear-
ance.

Integral {in' -te-gral) [integer, whole]. Entire; es-
sential.

Integration {in-te-gra1 '-shuri) [integratio, a renewing].
The blending of separate parts into one, as in the
embryo.

Integrity {in-teg' -rit-e) [integrities : integer, whole].
Wholeness; entirety. Also, virginity.

Integument [in-teg' -u-ment)\integumentum : in, upon ;
t re. to cover]. A covering, especially the skin.
In botany, the envelop surrounding the ovule of
phanerogamous plants. I., Fetal, the fetal mem-
branes.

Intellect {in' -tel-ekt) [intellectus ; [inter, between;
legere, to choose]. The mind or reasoning power.
I., Deranged. See Insanity.

Intelligence (in-tel'-ij-ence) [intelligentia, intelligence].
The understanding that comes from the perception of
qualities and attributes of the objective world, and is
manifested in the purposive employment of means to
attain an end.

Intemperance (iu-tem'-per-aus) [in. not ; temperan-
tia. mildness]. Want of moderation ; immoderate
indulgence, especially with reference to alcoholic
liquors.

Intensity [in-ten' -sit-e] [intensus, stretched, strung].
Concentration of energy or activity. Also, a high
degree of energy or power. I., Specific. See Spe-
cific.

618

IN 1 ERFILAR

In

I. Method of

mon lllJ-

; .. .lien

mus-

1

the
I. Muscle. See Mm

-

and

. which
. litional beat betw

::: fere,

idence.
Intc 'are,

I between I. Growth,
: i.illy deposited.
atum . between;

i n
itic outline situated between the
I tegmentum of the cms

Intercapillar • | [inter, between;

itic, Intercaroti d '•. in-ter-kar-

■ produce sleep].
il an 1 internal carotids.
I. Ganglion
Intercavernous j inter, between ;

i two antra, or

[inter, between;
ietwi ti i
rcentral . between ; cen-

■ .
i I'll cerebral

. bi iv.

' : !

m the

I • , i : i I ) ;

rnal

i semblance]. Between the clinoid pro-

lenoid bone.

Intercolumnar {in-ter-kol-um' '-nor). See Fascia.

Intercondylar, or Intercondyloid (in-ter-kon'-dil-ar,
i„ id) [inter, between ; * , a knob;

, likeness.] Between condyles. I. Eminence,
the -pine or knob separating the two condylar portions
of the tibia. I. Fossa, the notch between the cond) les
ot the femur. I. Line, a transverse line crossing above
the intercondyloid fossa, and joining the condyles.
I. Notch. Same as /. /

Intercostal [in-ter-ios/-tal) [inter, between ; a >sta, a
rib J. Pertaining to the space between ribs. I. Arteries,
the aortic arteries of the intercostal spaces. See
Arteries, Table of. I. Muscles. See Muscles, Table
I. Nerves, the anterior divisions of the doiso-
spinal nerve-. See Nerves, Tail

Intercosto-humeral [in-ter-kos/-to-ku/-mer-al ) [inter,
, rib; humerus, the bone of the upper
arm]. Pertaining to the arm and the space between
the ribs.

Intercourse [inf -ler-kors) [intercurSus, commerce].
Communication. I., Carnal, sexual connection; coi-
tion. I., Sexual. Same as /. , Carnal.

Intercoxal {in-ter-koks* -al) [inter, between; ,
I. Situated between the COX3S or hip-.

Intercurrent [in-ter-kur' -ent) [inter, between; cur-
. to run]. Occurring or taking place between.
I. Disease, a term loosely applied to diseases occur-
ring sporadically during a period of prevailing endemic
or epidemic diseases. Also applied to a disease arising
or progressing during the existence of another disease in
the same person.

Interdental [in-ter-denf-tal) [inter, between ; Jms, a
tooth], i. Between the teeth. 2. An interdentium.
I. Splint, a splint used in fracture of the jaw, con-
sisting of a metallic frame at the neck of the teeth,
held by wire sutures passing between the teeth.

Interdentium (in-ter-den' -she-urn) [inter, between;
dens, a tooth] . The space between any two of the teeth.

Interdiction [in-ter-dik' '-shun) [interdictio, a prohibit-
ing]. A judicial or legal process that deprives an
insane person or one suspected of insanity of the man-
agement of his own affairs or of the affairs of otlx rs.

Interdigital {in-ter-dif-it-al) [itpter, between; digitus,
a linger]. Between fingers. I. Membrane, the
skin between the toes of palmate-footed animal-.
I. Space, that between adjacent fingers.

Interdigitation {in-ter-dij-it-a' -shun) \_int>\ between ;
digitus, a finger]. The locking or dovetailing of
similar parts, as the fingers of one hand with those of
the other; or of the ends of the obliquus externus
muscle with those of the serratus magnus.

Interfascicular {in-ter-fas-ik1 '-« lar) \_i/i/,'r, between ;
,v ,'/., a bun lie]. Situated between fasciculi.

Interfemoral [in-ter-fem' '-or-al) [inter, between;
femur, the thigh]. Between the femurs or thighs.

Interfere {in-ter-flrf\ [inter, between; fetire, to
strike]. In horses, to strike one hoof or the shoe of
one hoof against the opposite le<^ or fetlock.

Interference {in-ter-ferf -ens) [inter, between ; ferire,
to strike]. Interposition. I. of Light, the mutual
utralization of waves of light, as shown in Newton's
rings, when the crest of one wave falls upon the
trough of another. I. of Sound, the neutralization
ol two sound waves, one by the other.

Interfibrillar {in-ter-fi' '-bril-ar) [inter, between; fibra,
a liber]. In biology, situated between the librUl.e of
tissues.

Interfilar {in-ter-fi'-lar) [inter, between; filum, a
thread]. In biology, existing between the filaments
of a reticulum.

inter* ;a\< ;i. ionic

619

INTERPARIETAL

Interganglionic [in-ter-gang-gU-on'-ik] [inter, between ;
)ir,],'/im\ a tumor, ganglion]. Connecting one
ganglion with another; lying between ganglia.

Interglandular (in-ter -gland' -u-lar) [inter, between;
glandula, a gland], .situated between glands.

Interglobular [in-ter-glob1 '-u-lar) [inter, between;
globulus, a ball). Situated between globules. I.
Spaces, irregular cavities seen in a section of di □
tine, after the earthy matter has been removed by
putting a tooth in dilute acid. They are so called
because surrounded by minute globules of dentine.

Intergyral [in-ter-ji' '-ral) [inter, between; gyrus, a
gyre]. Situated between two or more gyri.

Interhemicerebral (in ter-hem-e-ser' '-e-bral) [inter,
between ; i/ui, half; cerebrum, cerebrum]. Situated
between the cerebral hemispheres.

Interhemispheric (in-ter-kem-is-fer/-i£) [inter, be-
tween; ijtxi, half; aipaipa, sphere]. Situated between
hemispheres.

Interinhibitive (in-ter-in-hib' '-it-iv) [inter, between ;
inhibere, to inhibit]. Mutually inhibitory.

Interjectional (in-ter-jek' -shun-aT) [inter, between;
jicere, to throw]. Interjected; thrown between. I.
Speech, the expression of emotions by inarticulate
sounds.

Interlaminar (in-ter-lam'-in-ar) [inter, between ;
lamina, a leaf]. In biology, situated between laminae.

Interlobar {in-ter-lo* ' -bar) [inter, between ; lobus, a
lobe]. Situated between lobes.

Interlobular (in-ter-lob' -u-lar) [inter, between ; lobulus,
a lobule]. Between lobules. I. Emphysema.
See Emphysema.

Intermalar (in-ter-maf-lar) [inter, between ; mala, the
cheek-bone]. Situated between the malar bones.

Intermarriage (in-ter-mar/-aj'\ [inter, between ; mari-
tus, a husband]. Marriage between persons related by
consanguinity, or between persons of different races.

Intermastoid (in-ter-mas' -ioid \[inter, between ; f.taar6r,
breast; elSor, likeness]. Situated between or con-
necting the two mastoid processes.

Intermaxilla (in-tcr-maks-il'-ah) [inter, between;
maxilla, jaw]. The premaxilla ; the intermaxillary
bone.

Intermaxillary (in-ter-maks'-il-a-re) [inter, between ;
maxilla, jaw-bone]. Between the maxillary bones.
I. Bone, the small bone that receives the incisors,
situated between the superior maxillary bones of the
fetus. It also occurs in most mammals.

Intermediate (in-ter-me'-de-at) [inter, between ; me-
dius, the middle]. Situated between. I. Dysmenor-
rhea. See Dysmenorrhea. I. Carbon-atoms, those
connected with two other carbon-atoms, having two
valence-units that may be saturated by two hydrogen-
atoms (or other elements).

Intermeningeal (in-f-r-men-in'-je-al) [inter, between ;
fiTjviyi, membrane]. Between the dura and the
arachnoid; or, between the latter and the pia. I.
Hemorrhage, a hemorrhage between the meninges
of the brain or spinal cord.

Intermenstrual (i>i-ter-men' '-stru-al) [inter, between ;
menstrualis, menstrual]. Between the menstrual pe-
riods.

Interment (in-ter'-ment) [in, in ; terra, the earth].
The burial of the body.

Intermetacarpal (in-ter-met-ak-ar' -pal) [inter, be-
tween; fierd, beyond ; nap-nr, the wrist]. Between
the metacarpal bones.

Intermetatarsal {in-ter-met-at-arf -sat) [inter, be-
tween; fiera, beyond; rapauc, tarsus]. Between the
metatarsal bones.

Intermission (in-ter-mish'-un) Tintermissio, a breaking
off]. The interval between the paroxysms of a fever.

Also, an interval in which the pulse fails to beat in
rhythmic time.

Intermittent (in-ter-mitf-ent) [inter, between ; mittere,
to send or occur]. Occurring at intervals. I. Fever.
See Fever. I. Insanity. See Insanity, Cyclic. I.
Ligature. See Ligature. I. Pulse. one the rhythm
of which is interrupted by pauses at irregular intervals.
I. Hemisystole, a very rare condition sometimes en-
countered in cases of mitral insufficiency, in whii h
with every two beats of the heait only one beat of the
pulse is felt.

Intermuscular (in-ter-mus' '-ku-lar\ [inter, between;
musculus, a muscle]. Situated between muscles.

Intern (in-ternr) [Jr., i>iterne\. An indoor or resident
physician in a hospital ; a member of an in-door
staff of physician-..

Internal [in-tr' -nal) [internus, inward]. Situated
within or on the inside. I. Capsule, the band of
white nerve-matter between the thalamus and the
interventricular portion of the striatum. I. Capsule,
Knee of, the angle formed by the junction of the two
divisions of the internal capsule. I. Cell-formation,
free cell-formation ; endogenous cell-formation. 1 hat
mode of cell-division in which new cells are formed
within the walls of an old cell, as distinguished from
fission and gemmation.

Internarial [in-ter-na/-re-al\ [inter, between ; nares,
nostrils]. Situated between the nostrils.

Interneural (in-ter-nuf-ral\ [inter, between; vevpov,
nerve]. Situated between neural spines.

Internode {in' -ter-nod) [inter, between; nodus, a
knot]. The space between adjacent joints or ki
as the phalanx of a finger or a toe. That part of a
nerve-fibril between Ranvier's nodes is called the
internodal segment.

Internodium (in-ler-no' -de-um). Same as Internode.

Internuclear (in-ler-uu'-hle-ar) [inter, between ; tuc
cleus, a kernel]. Situated between nuclei.

Internuncial (in-ler-nun' -shal) [inter, between ;
nuncios, a messenger]. Serving as a connecting or
announcingmedium, e.g., the nerves in their relation to
the muscles and the will.

Internus (iii-ter'-nus). See Internal.

Interoptic (in-ter-op'-tik) [inter, between; opticus,
optic]. Between the optic lobes, tracts or nerves of
the brain.

Interorbital (in-ter-or* '-bit-al) [inter, between ; orbita ,
the orbit]. Situated between the orbits. I. Bone, the
median bone of fishes. I. Plate and I. Septum, a
structure of the fore-brain, with its extension, found
in certain fishes and reptiles.

Interosseous (in-ter-os'-e-us) [inter, between ; ossa, a
bone]. Between two bones. I. Arteries, a name giver,
to various branches of the dorsal, palmar, plantar, and
metatarsal arteries of the hand, foot, and forearm.
See Arteries, Table of. I. Muscles, a name given
to certain muscles of the hand, foot, and forearm.
See Muscles, Table of. I. Nerves, the nerves sup-
plying the interosseous muscjes. See /Verves, Table of.

Interpalpebral (in-ter-pal' '-pe-bral) [inter, between ;
palpebra, the eyelid]. Between the palpebral. I.
Spot. See Pinguecula. I. Zone, that part of the
cornea and of the scleral conjunctiva that ordinarily
is not covered by the lids.

Interpapillary i •u-tr-pap'-il-a-re) [inter, between ;
papilla, a papilla]. Between papill.

Interparietal (in-ter-par-i' '-et-al) [infer, between;
paries, walls]. Between walls. I. Bone, a term
sometimes applied to the upper, squamous, and non-
cartilaginous part of the occipital bone. I. Fissure.
See Fissure. I. Suture, the sagittal suture, or that
formed by the approximation of the parietal bones.

\K

IN fESl INA1.

lnterpcJur

Inter

a t ho

I. Spa< i

- the

i the

'.ll.C.

to tur

to .t new

I. Disc,
the symphysis of

. ; radius,

-.icorn [•'■'•' '. betw

i horn]. In biolog
I the bill in certain

■ ■ ■ n ; ren, the
the kidni
Interru; : , to break

I. Breathing. See

Interrupter [interrumpere, to break

r that which, interrupts ; specific-
electric current.
Interscapular I [inter, between ;

Between the shoulder-
I. Region, the part of the chest betv

I. Reflex. See Reflexes,

Interscapulum ' u u [inter, between ;

fnterscapula]. In bi-
te between the shoulder-
Interspace between; spatium, a

n the ribs, or between
in.
' tl en ; spina . a

ifically, between the
I. Muscles. See Muscles,

, between ; spina,
nous processes, a- of

Inv

'itium, a space between].

[interstitium, space In-

ice or

illy ap-

hymatous

I. Absorption. | rption of the

Also,

I. Atrophy. dition

arthritis

ited
I 1 \y\ ertroj hy, mdition in

and

n in the

[. Keratit 1.

|

between the transverse processes of contiguous ver-
tebrae. See Muscles Table of .

Intertriginous [in-ter-trij'-in-us) [inter, between;
. to rub]. < >f the nature of or affected with
interti igo.

Intertrigo [in-ter-tri' '-go) [inter, between; terere, to
rub]. An erythematous eruption or lesion of the
skin produced by friction of adjacent parts. See
Erythema.

Intertrochanteric {in-ter-tro-kan-ter* -ik) [inter, be-
tween; rpnxawrijp, trochanter]. Between the trochan-
ters. I. Line. See Lines, Table of.

Intertubular (in-ter-tu'-bu-lar) [inter, between ;
tubulus, a tube]. Between tubes. I. Substance,
the translucent, granular substance of the dentine of
the tooth, containing most of its earthy elements.

Interureteric [tn-ter-u-ret-er* -ik) [inter, between;
ovptfHjp, ureter]. Situated between the ureters or
their outlets.

Intervaginal (in-ter-vaf '-in-al) [inter, between; va-
gina, sheath]. Between sheaths. I. Space, that
found within the sheaths of the optic nerve.

Interval (in'-ter-val) [inter, between ; vallum, a ram-
part], A space or lapse either of time or distance,
as the interval between the paroxysms of a fever, or
between two organs or parts of the body. I., Focal,
the distance between the anterior and posterior Anal
points. I., Sacro-cotyloid, a space existing between
the promontory of the sacrum and the posterior part
of the cotyloid cavity or acetabulum.

Intervenium [in-ter-ve' '-ne-um) [inter, between; vena,
vein: />/. , Intervenia"]. In biology, the space between
the veins of leaves.

Interventricular {i>i-ter-i'en-trik'-n-lar) [inter, be-
tween ; ventriculum, a ventricle]. Between ventricles,
e.g., of the heart. I. Septum, the fibrous septum or
partition between the ventricles of the heart.

Intervenular [in-ter-ven' '-u-lar) [inter, between;
venula, a little vein]. In biology, situated between
the veins of an insect's wing.

Intervertebral [in-ter-ver' '-te-bral) [inter, between;
vertebra, a bone of the spine]. Between the verte-
bra;. I. Discs, the lenticular discs of fibro-cartilage
between the adjacent surfaces of the bodies of the
vertebrae. I. Foramen. See Foramen. I. Notch,
the notch at the base of the pedicle of the laminae on
the sides of the body of each vertebra. I. Substance.
Same as /. Discs.

Intervillous {in-ter-vil'-us} [inter, between; villus, a
tuft of hair]. Situated between villi.

Intestinal (in-tes/-tin-al) [intestinum, the intestine].
Pertaining to the intestine. I. Absorption, the ab-
sorption <>f the peptonized products of digestion by the
capillaries, veins, andlacteals of the mucous membrane
of the intestines. I. Anastomosis. See Anasto-
mosis. I. Arteries, the arteries of the intestines, of
which the principal trunks are the celiac axis and the
mesenteric branches. The lower part of the rectum
is supplied by the hemorrhoidal branches of the iliac
and pudic allelic-. See Arteries, Table of. I.
Canal, the entire intestinal passage from the begin-
ing of the duodenum to the anus. I. Cast.
Same as /. Mole. I. Concretion. See Entero-
lith. I. Fever. Synonym of Typhoid Fever.
I. Fistula, a fistula or unnatural aperture in any
part of an intestine. I. Glands, the glands found in
the /. ('ana/. See (Hand'. I. Juice, the liquid
m of the intestinal glands. I. Mole, the
membranous discharge from the bowel in Pseudo-
membranous Enteritis. I. Obstruction, arrest of or
interf rence with the progress of the feces. I.
Tract, or Tube. Same as /. c 'anal.

INTESTINE

621

INTRAMURAL

Intestine (in-tes'-tiri) [intestinus, intestine]. The part
of the digestive tube extending from the beginning
of the duodenum to the anus. I., Large, comprises

The Large Intestine.
a. Entrance of the small intestine, b. Appendix vermiformis.
c. Caput caecum coli. d. Transverse colon, e. Descending
colon, /. Sigmoid flexure, h. Rectum, i. Anus.

the cecum, colon, and rectum. I., Small, consists
of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Intestinorum inflammatio (in-tes-tino/-rum in-
flani-a'-she-o) [L. , " Inflammation of the intestines "].
See Enteritis.

Intestinulum {in-tes-tin' -u-lum\ [L., a small intes-
tine: pi., /ntestinulal. I. The small intestine. 2.
A cerebral convolution or gyrus. 3. The umbilical
cord or navel-string.

Intextine {in-teks' '-tin) \intus, within ; externus, with-
out]. In biology, a supplementary inner layer of the
extine of the pollen-grains of certain plants.

Intima (in'-tim-ak) [intimus, inmost] A term used
instead of tunica intima ; the innermost coat, or thin,
transparent endothelial lining of the heart and blood-
vessels, consisting of a layer of irregular, long, fusi-
form, nucleated, squamous cells.

Intine [in' -tin) [intus, within]. In biology, the inner
coat of the pollen-grain.

Intolerance (in-tol'-er-ans) [intolerans ; in, not;
tolerere, to bear]. Want of endurance or ability to
stand pain. Impatience. Also, the inability to endure
the action of a medicine.

Intonation (in-to-ua'-s/iun) \intonere,to thunder]. I.
The rumbling or gurgling sound produced by the
movement of flatus in the bowels. 2. The tone of the
voice.

Intortion [in-tor' 'shun) [intortus, p. p. of intorquere ,
to curl, to twist]. In biology, the winding, bend-
ing, or twisting of a part or organ.

Intoxicant iin toks'-ik-ant) [intoxicare, to intoxicate].
I. Intoxicating; capable of producing intoxication
or poisoning. 2. A drug or agent capable of produc-
ing intoxication.

Intoxication (in-toks-ih-a' '-shun) [intoxicare, to poi-
son]. A word popularly used to denote the eflect of
the excessive use or of an overdose of an alcoholic
liquor: in a wider sense, any poisoning; the state re-
sulting from an overpowering dose >>t any poison. I.,
Septic. See Septicemia. I., Uremic. See Uremia.

Intra- (in'-tra/i-) [intra, within]. A Latin prefix sig-

nifying within. I. -abdominal, within the cavity of
the abdomen. I. -arachnoid, within the arachnoid
space. I.-articular, within a joint. I. -capsular,
within the capsular ligament of a joint.

Intrabiontic [in-trah-bi-on' -tik) [intra, within;
life; Sn> (ovr), being]. In biology, applied t<> 1
nomena occurring within, and determined by, an indi
vidua! organism. I. Selection, Weismann's term
for the principle formulated by Roux, of the struggle
of the parts concerned in ontogeny.

Intracardiac {in-trah-kar1 '-de-ak) [intra, within ; nap-
6ia, heart]. Situated or produced within the heart-
cavity.

Intracartilaginous {in-trah-kar-til-a}' -in-us) [intra,
within ; cartilago, cartilage]. Within a cartilage. I.
Ossification. See Ossification .

Intracellular [in-tra self-u-lar) [intra, within ; cellula,
a little cell]. In biology, existing or happening
within the cell. I. Digestion, also 1 ill' d parenchy-
matous digestion; digestion as exhibited by unicel-
lular organisms. I. Pangenesis. See Heredity and
Pangen

Intracerebral [in-trah-ser' -e-brat) [intra, within; cere-
bru»i, cerebrum]. Within the cerebrum.

Intracervical (uitrah-ser'-vik-al) [intra, within ; cer-
vix, cervix]. Within the cervical canal of the uterus.

Intraciliary (in-trah-sil' -e-a-re) [intra, within; cilium,
an eye-lash]. Situated within the ciliary region.

Intracranial [in-trak-kra' '-ne-al 1 [intra, within ;
Kpaviov, the skull]. Within the skull. I. Hemor-
rhage, an escape of blood within the cranial cavity ;
cerebral hemorrhage.

Intracutaneous (in-trah-ku-taf -ne-us) [intra, within ;
cutis, the skin]. Within the skin-substance.

Intracystic (in tra/i-sis'-tik) [intra, within ; kvgtic, a
cyst]. Situated or occurring within a cyst.

Intradermic (in-trah-der1 '-mik) [intra, within; 6'epua,
skin]. Same as Intracutaneous.

Intradural [in-trah-du/ -ral) [intra, within; durus,
hard]. .Situated or occurring within the dura.

Intrafetation (in-trah-fe-taf-shun) [intra, within ; fetus,
a fetus]. The formation of a fetus within another fetus.

Intragyral {in-trah-ji' -ral) [intra, within; gyrus, a
gyre]. Within a gyre of the brain.

Intrahepatic (in-trah-hc-pat' -ik\ [intra, within ; ij—ap,
liver]. Within the liver-substance.

Intralamellar [in-trak-lam-el'-ar) [infra, within;
lamella, a thin plate]. In biology, within the
lamellae.

Intraligamentous [in-trah-lig-am-en' -tus) [intra, with-
in ; ligamentum, a ligament]. Within or between
the folds of a ligament, as a cyst.

Intralingual (in-trah-ling'-giual) [intra, within ; lin-
gua, tongue]. Within the substance of the tongue.

Intralobular (in trah-lob'-u-lar) [intra, within; lobulus,
a little lobe]. Within a lobe or lobule. I. Vein, a
vein traversing a liver-lobule. I. Plexus, a net-
work of vessels in a liver-lobule.

Intramembranous (in-tra// -mem' '-bran -its) [intra,
within; membrana, a membrane]. Within a mem-4
brane.

Intrameningeal [in-trah-men-in'-je-al} [infra, within;
fiijviyl;, membrane]. Situated within the substance of
the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. I.
Hemorrhage, an effusion of blood into the sac of the
dura mater.

Intramolecular (in-traa-mo-iek'-u-Iar) [intra, within;
molecula, a molecule]. Within the molecules of a
substance.

Intramural (in-trak-mu'-ral) [intra, within; mura, a
wall]. Intraparietal. Within the substance of the
walls of an organ.

IN I RAM I VR

622

in russi SCEPTION

Intramuscular • within ;

run the ■' a

Intr.

within ;

1. Hemor-
I . i

Inti

I Aneurysm, an an

I) 1IIV.ll'.

I. Hemorrhage,
the orbit, but behind

a; s, a
ne.

within ;
■Vithin 1 ■ ian stroma.

[intra, within ;
i \\ ithin the wall or the substai

2. Within the parietal region
. ■
Int: | ', within ; pel

. ity.
•;toneal ') [intra, within ;

im]. Within the peritoneum
■ - the abdominal viscera.
cental [intra, within;

Within the placental tissue.
.pleura; i [intra, within ; -'/

leural cavity.

. within ; polus, pole],
ids ol an axis. Sec, also,

Intrapulmonary '-mo-na-re) [intra, within ;

the lung]. Within the substance of the lung.
iretinal • ' ) [intra, within, n.

nal. Within thi e "I" the retina.

| [intra, within ; cik'

I nned within the

Intrascrotal , within; scro-

m]. Within the scrotal sac.
Intraspinal [intra, within ; spina,

■ '• thin the spinal canal,
ncular itra, within ;

Within the ti>ticle.

[intra, within; tuba, a
V- .- lopian tui

Intratympanic ' ik) [intra, within ;

rum]. Within the tympanic

■ urethra. •/, [intra, within ;

thi urethra.
a-uterine ,•, within ; ut

I. Amputation, a spon-

iome part

1 by the

I. Drowning,

t res] iration,

drawn into the

or | I.

I.

inimal

. .vithin ;

Intravascular \in-trah-vas> '-ku-lar) [intra, within;
/, a -mill vessel]. Within the blood-vessel
system.

Intravenous [in-trah . ' nus) [intra, within; vena, a
Within, or into the veins. I. Infusion, or
Injection, the introduction of a saline solution or
other liquid into the veins.

Intravertebral [in-trah-ver1 '-te-bral) [intra, within;
■. a vertebra]. Same a- Intraspinal.

Intravesical [in-tra-vest -ik-al) [intra, within; vesica,
bladder]. < lecurring <>r situated within the bladder.

Intrinsic [in-trin' -sik) [intrinsecus, on the inside]. In-
herent, inward. Peculiar toa part, e.g., certain muscles.

Intro- [in'-tro-) [intro, within]. A Latin prefix signify-
ing within.

Introcession [in-tro-sesr -shun) [introcedere, to go into].
A depression or sinking in, as of a surface.

Introflexion {jn-tro-JUkr -shun) [intro, within ; flexio,
a bending]. A bending in; inward flexion.

Introitus (in-tro'-it-us) [intro, within; ire, to go].
Any aperture or opening in the body. I. pelvis, the
inlet of the pelvis. I. vaginae, the external aperture
of the vagina.

Intromission {in-tro-mish'-un) [intro, within ; mittere,
to send]. The introduction of one body within the
walls of another, as of the penis into the vagina.

Introrse (in-trors/) [intro, within; versus, p. p. of Trr-
tere, to turn]. In biology, applied to stamens that
turn toward the axis of the flower.

Introspection {in-tro-spek'-shun) [intro, within;
spicere, to look]. The act of looking inward. I.,
Morbid, the morbid habit of self-examination ; insane,
or quasi-insane, dwelling upon one's own thoughts,
feelings, impulses, fears, or conduct.

Introsusception [in-tro-sus-sep/shun) [intro, within ;
suscipere, to receive]. The slipping or telescoping of
one part of the intestine upon another part ; intussus-
ception.

Introvenium [in-tro-ver -ne-um) [intro, within ; vena,
vein]. In biology, a condition of leaves in which the
vein- are infossous, or sunk and embedded in the
parenchyma.

Introversion (in-tro-verf -shun) [intro, within ; vertere,
to turn], A turning within, as, introversion of the
uterus. I. of the Iris, a bending backward of the
iris in such a way that it lies upon the ciliary body.

Introvert [in-tro-vert') [intro, within ; vertere, to turn].
In biology, turned in.

Intruse [in-trus* ') [intrusus, p.p. of intrudere, to
thrust in]. In biology, projecting inward.

Intubation [in-tu-ba' '-shun) [in, in ; tubus, a pipe].
The passage of a tube into or past the larynx, to allow
the entrance of air into the lungs in croup, diphtheria,
etc. , or to dilate a stricture, etc.

Intumescence [in-tu-mesf -ens) [intumescentia : intu-
, to -well]. A swelling, of any character
whatever. Also, an increase of the volume of any
organ or part of the body.

Intumescentia [in-tu-mes-en/-she-ah) [I-]- A swell-
ing. I. gangliformis, tin- reddish gangliform swelling
of the seventh nerve in the aqueductus Fallopii in the
petrous portion of the temporal bone.

Intussusception [in-tui ■// '' shun) [in/us, within;

u ipi re, to receive]. Invagination or involution ol

part of the intestine within another part. It

i- of frequent occurrence in the young. It i- caused

by undue peristalsis. The site of the intussusception

varies; thus, it may be — i. Ileo-cecal, the ileum with

tin- ileo-cecal valvi cending into the cecum

! colon : this is the most common variety; 2. Colic,

n being limited to the large intestine;

3. Ural, when the ileum alone is involved ; 4. Jleo-

I Ml A

623

IN Vol. I 1 I< IN

colic, when the ileum prolapses through the lips of the
ileocecal valve.

Inula [in' -u-lak) [I..]. Elecampane. The root of /
heleniutn. It contains a crystalline substance, helenin,
C6HsO, the dose of which is gr. ). - L, and from 20 to
40 per cent, of a starch, known as inulin. It is a gentle
stimulant, and is employed in bronchitis and to hasten
the appearance of the skin symptoms in exanthemat' >us
fevers. Dose gr. xx- zj of the root, or •§ j — ij of a
decoction, 5 ss to the ()j. The genus Inula contains
various coarse composite-flowered herbs of the old
world, several of which have properties similar to those
of the official specie-..

Inulin (in'-it-lin) [/«///</, elecampane], C6II10O5. I. A
vegetable principle found in the roots of dahlia,
in chicory, and other plants. It is a white powder,
with which iodin gives a yellow color, and is soluble
in hot water. See Carbohydrates, Table of. 2. The
precipitate from a tincture of the root of Inula
helenium ; an aromatic stimulant, tonic, and expector-
ant. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof.

Inulol {in' ' u-lol). See Alantol.

Inunction [in-unk1 'shun) [inunctio ; inunguere, to
anoint]. The act of rubbing an oily or fatty substance
into the skin. Also, the substance used for anoint-
ment. I. Treatment, a form of treatment of syphilis.
It consists in rubbing into the skin metallic mercury
or some mercurial preparation, mixed or suspended in
a fatty vehicle. It is active, sure, and rapid, but
dirty and unpleasant. It is best used in the form of
the blue ointment of a strength of fifty per cent.
The application should be made upon different
portions of the body in successive treatments.

Inustion [in-us'-chun) [inustio, a burning in]. A
burning in ; deep or thorough cauterization.

Invagination ( in-vaj-in-a' -shun ) [invaginatio ; invagin-
are, to ensheathe]. The sheathing or telescoping of
a part or organ by a canal like structure, as the intes-
tine. An operation for obliterating a hernial canal
by the inflammation resulting from pushing the skin
inward and suturing the parts together.

Invalid [in'-val-id) [invalidus ; in, not ; valere, to be
well]. One who is not well, especially one who is
chronically ill or whose convalescence is slow.

Invaliding [in' ' -val-id-ing) [in, not ; valere, to be well].
The placing of a soldier or officer on the list of in-
valids, and thus excusing him from active duty.

Invalidism {in' val-id-izm) [in, not ; valere, to be well].
Chronic ill-health ; the state or condition of being an
invalid.

Invenose [in-ve'-nos) [in, not; vena, a vein]. In
biology, destitute of veins.

Invasion [in-va'-zhun) [invasio ; in, upon; vadere, to
go]. The beginning or attack of a disease. Also,
the manner in which the disease begins its attack. I-
disease, one due to the presence in the body of some
animal parasite, as the tapeworm or the protozoan of
malaria.

Invermination [in-ver-min-a' 'shun) [in, in; vermis,
worm]. A condition of having intestinal worms ; ill-
health due to parasitic worms ; helminthiasis.

Inverse Temperature. A complete reversal of the
usual course of the temperature, so that the morning
temperature exhibits the maximum, and the evening
temperature the minimum. It is not infrequently seen in
acute tuberculous affections, and randy in typhoid fever.

Inversio palpebrarum [in-ver' 'she-o pal-pe-bra'-rum).
Synonym of Entropion.

Inversion [in-ver' shun) [inversio; in. not; vertere, to
turn]. A turning or placing in a position the opposite
of the normal position. In chemistry, a decomposi-
tion of certain sugars and other carbohydrates, induced

by the action of a ferment or dilute acid, by which the
elements of water are added to a carbohydrate, each
molecule of which breaks up into two molecules of a
different carbohydrate. I. of Bladder, a condition
in which the bladder is in part or completely pushed
into the dilated urethra. It occurs in females only.
I. of Eyelashes. See Entropion. I. of Uterus, a
condition in which the uterus is partially or completely
turned inside out.

Invert (in-vert') [in, in ; vertere, to turn]. To turn in
an opposite direction. I. -sugar, an amorphous
saccharine substance, the chief constituent of honey,
and produced by the action of ferments or dilute acids
on cane-sugar. It is regarded as a mixture of equal
parts of dextrose and levulose. A solution of cane-
sugar turns the polarized ray of light to the right,
while invert-sugar turns it to the left, from thi- in
version of the action on polarized light the process is
called inversion, and the product invert-sugar.

Invertase {in-ver' -Ids). Same as Invertin, q. v.

Invertebrata {in-ver-te-bra' ' -tah) [in, not ; vertebra,
backbone]. Animals that have no spinal column.

Invertin {in-ver' -tin) [in, not; vertere, to turn]. A
ferment found in the intestinal juice, and produced
by several species of yeast-plant ; it converts cane-
sugar in solution into invert-sugar. See Ferments.

Investing [in-ves/ -ting) [invest/re. to invest]. Ensheath-
ing, surrounding. In dentistry, embedding a denture
in what is known as investing-material, for the pur-
pose of soldering the linings or backings of the teeth
to the plate.

Inveterate [in-vef ' -er-at) [inveteratus ; vetus, old].
Long established, and obstinately resisting treatment,
as an inveterate skin-disease.

Invirility [in-vir-il' -it-e) [in, not ; virilis, of a man].
Lack of manly qualities, especially lack of virile power ;
male impotency.

Inviscation [in t'is-ka' shuri) [in, in; viscum, bird-
lime]. The mixing of food with the saliva during
mastication.

Invital [in-vi'-tal) [in. not; vita, life]. In biology,
non-living or dead matter.

In vitro [invit'-ro) [L.]. In the glass ; applied to
phenomena that are observed in experiments carried
out in the laboratory with microorganisms, digestive
ferments, and other agents, but that may not neces-
sarily occur within the living body.

Involucel {in-vol'-u-sel) [dim. of involucrum, involu-
cre]. In biology, a secondary involucre.

Involucre I ' in' -vo-lu-ker) [in- 'olvere, to roll up, to wrap up].
In biology, the bracts at the base of a flower-cluster.

Involucrum [in-vo-lu' -krum) [involvere, to enwrap:
//. , Involucrd\. The covering of a part. The sheath
of bone enveloping a sequestrum in dry necrosis.

Involuntary [in-vol'-un-ta-re) [involuntarius : t«, not;
vol', velle, to will]. Performed independently of the
will ; not by an act of the will. A term applied to
certain motions and functions of the various organs of
the body that are not controlled by, or are not depend-
ent on, the will. I. Contraction, muscular contrac-
tions not resulting from an act of the will. I. Muscles,
those that are not governed by the will.

Involute [in'-vo-lut) [involvere. to roll up, to wrap up].
In biology, rolled up, as the edges of certain leaves in
the bud.

Involution [in-vo-lu' shun) [involutio; involvere, to roll
upon]. The retrogressive change to their normal con-
dition that certain organs undergo after fulfilling their
functional purposes. I. of the Uterus, the return of
the uterus, which after gestation weighs about two
pound-, to its normal weight and condition. I.-
forms, a term applied to microorganisms that deviate

IN W.J

[ON 1 111 S

I i
'.

;
;
i

i

I the

.

ible

i of

: ] • ba

l 111:

rch.
\ proprietary
ruium, i

mis

.ram. an

Jet]. A compound
-. iolet :

I ii m . like a

.1 i; specific gravity

merit
it a low temperature,
[tot curs in cod-
in shell-fish. It
.--mm iodid,
In it- tary state

. is much used as a tincture
. .
:m for internal use, is
in tertiary syphilis,
ile m all forms of that disease.
Ij in hepatic cirrhosis and
with ammonium it is
Acidi hydriodici,
mi. iif the absolute acid.
; Ammonii iodidum. Sec Ammonium.

cd Phenol, iodin and car-

local use. I., Lini-
ment I., Liquor

Iodi, Liq., Comp., Lu-

-iuni iodid to, water 85

I., Tinct., 8 per cent, in

ise. I., Trichlorid,

I h as an antiseptic

I • U:i ■ um iodid 1 . water

I., Vapor I I'.. 1'.), lor

1 Amylum

':- n ii 95 parts, dis-

and dried I >osi 3

iodidum, K I Dosegr. v-tjj. Potass.

1 .'. od. hypo-

I lard 81 parts.

r. v-z ij.

I. -scarlet.

I. -violet. See Pi

m

ondition
iin or iodin-

■

Iodized 1 ■■•''[ ,! ' . Hl<e a violet]. Impregnated

with iodin, as cotton, glycerin, etc.

Iodoform m) [laih/g, like a violet; forma,

rri-iodo-methane, CHIS. Iodid of Forrnyl.

\ compound containing about 91 per cent, of iodin.

It i> an antiseptic and feeble anesthetic, and is highly

I 1 local application to wounds, abrasions, and

indolent sons. Internally it is a tonic. It seems to

exerta special influence upon tuberculous processes.

lis odoi may be disguised by means of thymol or oil of

rose. Dose, internally, gr. j-v. I.,Suppos. (B.P. |,

b containing gr. iij of iodoform. I., Unguent., for

fetid sores.

Iodoformism [i-</ -do-form-izm) [n.'xb/r, like a violet;
r, form]. Poisoning with iodoform.

Iodoformize (i-o'-do-form-lz) [uinh/c, like a violet;
forma, form]. To impregnate with iodoform.

Iodol \i'-o-dol) [<<JrS//c, like a violet], C4I4NH. An
iodo-carbamid existing in the form of an amorphous
brown p soluble in etberand oil. It is more ac-

tive!) antiseptic than iodoform and is free from odor.
LocaJly it is an anesthetic, and favors granulation. It
is of reputed service as an application to syphilitic
sores, etc. hose <^r. ss-v. Unof.

Iodo-naphthol-beta {j-o-do-naf'-thol-ba'-taK) \Ui61jq,
like a violet; vd<p8a, naphtha; (iera, the second
(ircek letter]. The diiodid of naphthol-beta, sug
gested as a substitute for iodoform as an antiseptic
dressing*. Unof.

Iodophenin [i-o-do-fer -niti) [<a»$//c, like a violet ;
phenyl}. A compound allied to phenacetin. It is an
efficient bactericide, but is objectionable because of its
strong evolution of iodin, of which it contains about
50 per cent. It is a crystalline powder, of an iodin-odor
and a burning taste, and colors the skin yellow. It
melts at 2660 F. (1300 C.) Unof.

Iodophthisis [i-o-doff'-this-is) [i&Sjig, like a violet ;
aig, a wasting]. The emaciation, or local or
general wasting that may result from free use of iodin
1 remedy.

Iodopyrin [i-o-do-pi' '-rin) [iwrf//c, like a violet; nvp,
fire], lodantipyrin. A chemic compound of iodin
and antipyrin, with the composition, Cj.HuINjO.
It is an antipyretic in doses of from one to five grains.
Unof.

Iodo-quinin Sulphate. Same as Herapathite.

Iodosis [i-o do'-sis). Same as lodism.

Iodotannin (i-o-do-tan' '-in) [Jwcfyc, like a violet; ME.,
tannen, to tan]. An aqueous mixture of iodin and
tannin.

Iodotherapy Ihrr'-ap-e) [JwrS^c, like a violet;

.therapy]. The treatment or cure of disease
by the use of iodin or its compounds.

Iodum ()-<>' -dit'n). See Iodin.

Iodure [d 0 dur) [Fr.]. An iodid.

Ioduret (i-od' '-u-ret) [tuih/r, like a violet]. An iodid

Ion {d-on) [ii'.ii\ \<n>, going]. An element set free by

electrolysis, and classified as an anion or kation, ac-

rding as it is set free at the positive or negative pole.

I., Migration of, the transference of an ion from one

pole to another.

Ionidium [i-o-nid' '-e-um) [lov, a violet]. A genus oi
violaceous herb- and shrubs. I. ipecacuanha,
luces what is called whit : this and several

other species are emetic and cathartic. See also
Cuichunchulli. \<>w is officinal; but the roots oi
>aid to be mixed with commercial
ipecac.

Ionthus {inn' thus) [iovOog, acne].
that often accompanies tie- first
beard A general name for acne and the diseases that

That form of acne
appearance of the

lOPTKROUS

625

IRIDORRHEXIS

lopterous {i-opf-ter-us)[lov, a violet ; irrep&v, a feather].
In biology, having violet-colored wings.

Iotacism [i-o'-tas-iztn) [iuTatao(i6g, iotacism], i. In-
ability to pronounce distinctly the proper sound of the

letter i. 2. Substitution of the long <• sound for the e
sounds of other vowels.

Ioterium [i-o-te' '-re-um) [I6g, poison ; repieiv, topierce:
//. , Ioteria\ In biology, a poison gland.

Ipecac (//' '-e-kak). See Ipecacuanha. I., American.
Sec Gillenia. I., White. See/onidium.

Ipecacuan (ip-e-kakr -u-an ). See Ipecacuanha,

Ipecacuanha {ip-e-kak-u-an* -ak) [liraz., ipecaaguen\.
Ipecac. The root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha, found in
Brazil. It contains an alkaloid, emetin, ' Jl,^11,.
and is an emetic, expectorant, and cholagi igue ; in verj
small doses, gr. %, it is a mild tunic. Ii is used mainly
asasafe ami prompt emetic, in membranous croup, and
in the summer diarrhea of children. 1 lose as an
expectorant gr. ss-ij ; as an emetic gr. xv-xxx. I.,
Acetum. (I!. P.) Doserr<v-xl. I., Ext, Fid. Dose
mj-v. I., Syr., 5 per cent, strength. Dose ^j-^ss.
I., Vin., 7 per cent, in strength. 1 lose ll\j— sjj. I.,
Trochisci, contain each '+ gr. of the drug. I. et mor-
phinae, Trochisci, contain each,morphin sulph. gr.^,
ipecac gr.TV, with flavoring-oil ami sugar. Let opii,
Pulvis (Pulv. ipec. comp., Ii. P.) Dover's pow-
der, contains ipecac and opium each io, sugar of
milk So parts. Dose gr. ij-xv. I. cum scilla, Pil.
(B. P.) Dose gr. v-x. I. et opii, Tinct., deodor-
ized tinct. of opium ioo, evaporated to 85, fid. ext.
ipecac 10, alcohol q. s. ad 100. Dose rr>v-xxx.
Emetin. Dose as an expectorant gr. jjjj— ^5 ; as an
emetic yi-1/.

Ipomcea Up-o-me' -ah) (m. worm; bpoiog, like]. A
genus of convolvulaceous plants ; bindweeds. I.
batatas is the sweet potato. I. purga. See Jalap.
I. pandurata, of the I'. S. , resembles jalap in its
action. The seeds of I. ccerulia are recommended as
a useful intestinal stimulant. I. turpethum affords tur-
peth-root, q.v. Many other species are medicinal. Unof.

Iralgia {i-ral' -je-ah) . See Iridalgia.

Irascibility {i-ras-ib-il'-it-e) [irasci, to be angry]. The
quality of being choleric, irritable, or of hasty temper.
It is a frequent symptom in some varieties of insanity
and in neurasthenia, and in some cases it amounts to a
species of insanity.

Iridaemia [ir-id:e,-me-ah). See Tridemia.

Iridal Uf-rid-al) [ipic, iris]. Relating to the iris.

Iridalgia (i-rid-al ' -je-ak) [Ipig, iris; aAyog, pain].
Pain referable to the iris.

Iridauxesis [ir-id-awks-e* -sis) [Ipig, iris; avi;7]Gig, in-
crease]. Auxesis or tumefaction of the iris.

Iridavulsion [ir-id-av-ul'-shun) [Ipig, iris; avellere, to
tear away]. Surgical avulsion of the iris.

Iridectome [ir-id-ek' '-torn) [Ipig, iris; euro/a}, a cutting
out]. A cutting instrument used in iridectomy.

Iridectomy {ir-id-ek* -to-me) [>'<>"-'• iris; ikto/jt/, ex-
cision]. The cutting out of a part of the iris. I.,
Antiphlogistic, one performed in inflammatory pro-
cesses for therapeutic purposes. In Optic I. the piece
of iris excised is over a portion of the lens for beneath
a portion of cornea clearer than that exposed in the
natural pupil, as a result of which additional vision is
gained. See Pupil, Artificial. I., Preliminary, is
performed in advance of the extraction of cataract,
instead of at the same time.

Iridectropium [ir-id-ek-trof -pe-um) [Ipig, iri> ; eicrp6iriov,
eversion]. Eversion of a part of the iris.

Iridemia {ir-id-e' '-me-ah) [Ipig, iris; alfia, blood].
Hemorrhage from the iris.

Iridencleisis, or Iridenkleisis {ir-id-en-klif -sis) [Ipig,
iris ; tyn'/.eiv, to lock in]. See Iridodesis.
40

Iridentropium [ir id ( um) [Ipig, iris ; kvrp

a turning in]. Inversion of a part of tin

Irideremia [ir-id-er-e' mi ah) [Ipig. iris; epijfiia, lack].
Absence of one or both iridi

Iridescence {ir-id-es' -ens) [iridescere, to shine with
rainbow-colors]. The property of breaking up light
into the spectral < . l,,i-

Iridesis [ir-id-e* -sis). See Iridodesis.

Indian U-rid '-c-an) [Ipig, iris]. Relating to the iris;
iridal.

Iridicolor [ir-id,-ic-ul-or) [iris, a rainbow; color, color].
In biology, iridescent ; exhibiting prismatic colors.

Iridin (if-rid-in) [Ipig, iris]. Irisin ; a precipitated ex-
tract of Blue Flag. See Iris.

Iriditis [ir-id-i'-tis). Same as Iritis.

Iridization (ir-id-iz-a' -shun) [Ipig, iris]. The subjec-
tive appearance, as of an iridescent halo seen by per-
sons affected with glaucoma.

Iridocele (i-rid'-o-sel) [Ipig, iris; td/2.7), hernia]. Pro
trusion of a part of the iris through a wound or ulcer.

Iridochoroiditis [ir-id-o-ko-roid-i' -tis) [Ipig, iris; %6-
piov, chorion; eidog, likeness; irtc, inflammation].
Inflammation of both the iris and the choroid of the
eye, the form usually assumed in sympathetic oph-
thalmia.

Iridocinesis {ir-id-o-sin-e'-sis). See IriJokinesis.

Iridocyclitis lir-id-o-sik-li' '-(is) [ipig, iris; tcvuXog, a
circle; inr, inflammation]. Inflammation of the iris
and the ciliary body. See Cyclitis.

Iridocyclochoroiditis {ir-id-o-sik-lo-ko-roid-i'-tis) \lpig,
iris; kIk'/oc, circle ; %6piov, chorion; eldog, likeness ;
trig, inflammation]. Combined inflammation of the
iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid.

Iridocyte {ir'-id-o-sit) [_ij>ic, rainbow; Kvrog, cell].
Any cell that produces color, either by means of its
structure or its contents.

Iridodesis [ir-id-od/-es-is) [Ipcg, iris; (Maig, a binding
together]. An obsolete method of displacing the nor-
mal pupil by ligature, instead of iridectomy.

Iridodialysis [ir-id-o-di-alf-is-is). See Coredia lysis.

Iridodonesis {jr-id-o-do-ne'-sis) [Ipt-g, iris ; d&wjoig, a
trembling]. Tremulousness of the iris; hippus.

Iridokinesis [ir-id-o-kin-e' -sts) [Ipig, iris; nil ~ .
movement]. Any movement of the iris, normal or
otherwise.

Iridomalacia (ir-id-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [ipig, iris ; fidXania,
softness]. Morbid softening of the iris.

Iridomotor (ir-id-o-mo'-tor) [ipic, iris ; movere, to move].
Promoting the motion of the iris.

Iridoncosis {ir-id-on-ko'-sis) [ipig, iris; bjxuoig, a
puffing out]. Thickening of the iris.

Iridoncus {ir-id-ong'-kus) [ipig, iris; bynog, mass]. A
tumor or swelling of the iris.

Iridoparalysis [ir-id-o-par-aV '-is-is) [ipig, iris; Trapd-
'/rnic, paralysis]. Paralysis of the iris.

Iridoparesis {ir-id-o-par'-es-is) [Ipig, iris; -npeatg, a
letting go]. A slight or partial paralysis of the iris.

Iridoplania {ir-id-o-pla' -ne-ah) [Ipig, iris ; -/.air], a
wandering]. Same as Hippus.

Iridoplasma [ir-id-o-plaz'-mah) [ipig, iris ; rr/.aaua,
anything formed]. A form of degeneration of the
iris.

Iridoplegia [ir-id-o-plef -je-ak) [ipig, iris ; TrXjjyq, stroke].
Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris.

Iridoptosis [ir-id-op-tor -sis) [Ipig, iris; irrcoaig, a fall-
ing]. Prolapse of the iris.

Irido-pupillary [ir-id-o-pu' -pil-a-re) [ipig. iris ; pupilla,
the pupil of the eye]. Pertaining to the iris and the
pupil.

Iridorrhexis (ir-id-or-reks^-is) [ipig, iris; l>i,£ig, a
breaking]. Iridectomy with iridavulsion. Rupture of
the iris.

[l

■
I

;

1KI1» >S< li

I

it].

itting].

uj.

I 1 lie

dy ;
Bag.

V

m 1

.

I in four equal parts

inner

I

1 r sur-

trunk, of vasa vor-

iroid zone

iliary tnus-

15. Small at

of Ciliary

v and ikis.
1, i. Ciliary ]•<

rounded extremities.

5 with hi-
emity.
ulated
y pro-
id 8,

umfer-
11, 11.

riiiK

IRREGULARITY

principle, iridin. The fresh rhizome is purgative,

emetic, and diuretic, and is serviceable in catarrh of

the duodenum, and in malarial ailments. I., Ext.

I., Ext. Fid. Dosem^v-gj. Iridin,

,resin, is a cholagogue. Unof. Dose gr. j-v.

1 he genus J-, embraces many other species, some of

-11 purgative, and some reputed to be poisonous.

I., Absence of. See Irideremia.

I.. Angle of, that formed by the junction of the

and the iris. I. -contraction. Sec A',//,

I. -green. Same as Bladder-green.
1.. Prolapse of (or Hernia of), protrusion of a \-'\
of the iris through an opening in the cornea or
ra ; when the iris is adherent the condition is
called antei vn chia; when the iri> is adherent

to the lens behind, the condition is called posterior
syne, kia. I., Tremulous, arises from non-support of
the iris in aphakia or dislocation of the crystalline lens.

Irish 1 [ME., Irish, Irish]. Pertaining to

Ireland. I. Ague. Synonym of Typhus Fever, q.v.
I. Moss. Si irus.

Irisin (i'-ris-in) [tptf, iris]. The precipitate from a
tincture of the rool oi Blue-flag, Iris versicolor; it i>
cholagogue, sialagogue, and diuretic. Dose 2 to 4
grains. I nof.

Iritic {i-rif-ik) ['/«<;, iris; inc, inflammation], < )f the
nature of, pertaining to, or affected with, iritis.

Iritis [i-ri'-h iris; ins, inflammation]. In flam -

1 mation of the iris, called after its origin, or character,
blennorrhagic, rheumatic, diabetic, syphilitic, plastic,
serous, primary, secondary. I., Condylomatous,
I. papulosa ; that accompanied by the formation of
papules or condylomata in the iris. I. gummosa,
that in which gummata are formed in the iris. I.
papulosa. See /. , Condylomatous.

Iritomy [i-rif '-o-me). See Iridotomy.

Iron (i'-em) [ME., iron, iron]. See Ferrutn. I.
Bath. See Bath. I. Minium. Same as Colcothar.
I. Wood, the heart-wood of Ostrya virginica, a
tonic, antiperiodic, and alterative. It has been
successfully used in malarial diseases, neuralgia, and
strumous affections. Dose of the lid. ext., ,^ss-j.
I ii' »f.

Irradiating [ir-ra' '-de-a-ting) [irradiare, to emit rays in
every direction]. Radiating from a center, as a pain
arising from a definite focus of irritation.

Irradiation [ir-ra-de-a' -shuri) [irradidtio ; irradiare, to
emit rays in every direction). A phenomenon in
which, owing to the difference in the illumination of
the field of vision, or its background, objects appear
much larger than they really are.

Irreducible [ir-re-du s'-ib-t) [in, not; reducere, to lead
back]. That which cannot be reduced or restored to
its normal condition. In chemistry, applied to a
npound that cannot be separated. In surgery,
applied to a fracture or dislocation that cannot be
re]. laced. I. Hernia. See Hernia.

Irregular [ir-reg1 '-u-lar) [in. not; regula, rule]. Not
ular ; not normal 1 ling to rule; not rhythmic ;

not recurring at proper intervals.

Irregularity t lar'-it-e) \in, not ; regula, a rule].

Lack of regularity; unevenness. I. of the Teeth,
deviation of the teeth from their natural arrangement
b of frequent occur ind b dependent upon a

vat tuses. The following are among the most

frequent: 1. Want of synchronism between the
destruction of the roots of the temporary teeth and
tin- growth ol the permanent teeth. 2. The premature
removal of one or more of the temporarj teeth. 3.
Disproportion between the size "i 1 eolar arch

1I1. 4. Supernumerary teeth. 5. Mai-
1 the jaw.^.

IRRESPIRAM.E

(;■•;

ISCIIIOCERITE

Irrespirable {ir-res-pi' -rab-l) [in, not ; respirare, to

breathe]. Not capable of being breathed.

Irrigant (ir^-ig-ant) [irrigare, to lead water to]. A
substance or wash used in or by irrigation.

Irrigation {ir-ig-a' 'shun) [irrigare, to lead water to].
The application of water, especially a stream, to an
inflamed or abnormal tissue for purposes ol moistening,
antisepsis, cooling, or flushing the part.

Irrigator (ir* -ig-a-tor) [irrigare, to lead water to]. An
apparatus, or device, for accomplishing the irrigation
of a part, surface, or cavity.

Irritability (ir-it-ab-W '-it-e) [irritabilitas, irritability].
The quality of being susceptible to excitement "r
irritation. I., Faradic, the muscular contraction
caused by a secondary or induced current. I., Gal-
vanic, the muscular contraction caused by the
direct current. I., Muscular, the inherent contractile
quality of a mibcle. I., Nervous, the property of a
nerve to transmit impulses upon stimulation.
also, Irascibility.

Irritable {ir* -it-ab-l) [irritabilis, easily excited].
Easily inflamed. Susceptible to irritation. I. Blad-
der, a condition of the bladder marked by constant
ire to void urine. I. Breast, a neuralgic condi-
tion of the mammary gland, usually associated with
uterine affections, or with intercostal neuralgia. I.
Heart, Da Costa's term for a peculiar condition of the
heart characterized by precordial pain, dyspnea on exer-
tion, palpitation, and irregularity oi the heart's action.
It is induced by over-exertion, masturbation, and neu-
rotic tendencies. Hypertrophy may occasionally
develop. I. Spine, a condition of spinal anemia
frequently occurring in young hysteric females. There
is pain along the spine, with tenderness on pressure,
and vertigo, nausea, palpitation, and neuralgias. I.
Testicle. See Testicle. I. Tongue, the clean, very-
red tongue, with enlarged reel papillae about its tip,
seen in the dyspepsia of drunkards.

Irritant (ir'-it-ant ) [irritare, to excite]. I. Causing,
or giving rise to, irritation. 2. An agent or remedy that
induces irritation or inflammation. I., Chemic, one
acting by virtue of its affinity for the elements or
compounds of organic tissue, as nitric acid, or potassic
hydrate. I., Mechanical, one causing lesions or
inflammations by mechanical operation, as cuts, con-
tusions, pressure, or distention. I., Nervous, one
acting through the medium of the nerves.

Irritation {ir-it-a'shuri) [irritatio, excitement]. A con-
dition of undue excitement. Also, an inflamed state.
Also, the stimulus necessary to the performance of the
functions of an organ.

Irritative (ir'-it-a-tiv) [irritare, to excite]. Exciting or
irritating. I. Fever, a febrile condition dependent
upon the presence in the body of irritating substances.
Also a synonym of Simple Continued Fever.

Irrorate (ir'-or-at) [in, upon; r or are, to distil dew].
In biology, minutely dotted, as it' with small dew-
drops.

Irrumation [ir-u-ma' 'shun) [irruniare, to give suck].
Same as Buccal Coitus, </. :■.

Isabel, Isabelle (iz'-a-bel) [/sab, //,-, a woman's name].
Drab, or yellowish gray.

Isadelphous [isad-eV -fits) [iaog, equal; adeTujiSg,
brother]. In biology, having an equal number of
stamens in each bundle or brotherhood.

Isambert's Disease. Acute miliary tuberculosis of
the larynx and pharynx.

Isandrous (isan' -drus) \laoc, equal ; iniip, a male].
In biology, having stamens alike and corresponding in
number to the petals.

Isanthous [isan'-thus) [iaog, equal; avOog, a flower].
In biology, having regular flowers.

Isatin (i ' satin) [la&Tig, wood], C8H ,N( >,. A substance
obtained by the oxidation of indigo with HN08. Ir.
crvstallizes in yellowish red monoclinic prisms, melting
at 20I° C. It dissolves in water and in alcohol with a
reddish brown color; it has a disagreeable odor. I.-
yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of .

Isatoxim {isat-oks* -im) ['/nunc, wood ; . poison],

i jHjNjOj. A substance prepared from isatin and
hydroxylamin. It crystallizes from alcohol in yellow

lie-, and lllelt- at 202° C.

Isatropylcocain (isat-ro' '-pil-ko-ka' '-in) , C19HMNj »,.
An amorphous alkaloid from coca leaves. It has no
anesthetic pi but is said to be an active cardiac

poison. I nof. See Cocamin.

Ischemia (is-ht J-me-ah) [ .check; difia, blood].

Bloodlessness. Deficiency of the supply of blood to
a part. Local anemia.

Ischemic (is kemf-ik) [j^xtiv, to check; alpa, blood].
Affected with or relating to ischemia.

Ischesis (is'-kes-is) \_m\ur, to check]. Retention or
suppression of a discharge or secretion.

Ischiadic (is-ke-adf-ik). Same as Ischiatic.

Ischiagra (is-ke-a \ ['la^ior, hip; aypa, seizure].

Gout in the hip.

Ischial {is'-ke-al) [laxiov, ischium]. Pertaining or
belonging to the ischium.

Ischialgia [is-ke-al'-je-ah) [laxiov, hip ; akyog, pain].
Sciatica ; neuralgia of the hip.

Ischialgic (is-ke-all-jik) [lax'wv, hip; akyog, pain].
Relating to or attected with ischialgia.

Ischiatic (is-ke-af -ik) [laxiov, hip]. Pertaining to the
ischium. I. Notches, the not greater and

lesser, of the ischium. The former transmits the
pyriformis muscle, gluteal vessels, and superior gluteal
nerve, the latter the tendon of the obturator interims,
its nerve, and the pudic vessels and nerve. These
notches are called also sacro-sciatic notches.
illustration on p. 228.)

Ischiatitis (is-ke-at-i' -tis) [laxiov, hip ; trig, inflamma-
tion]. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve.

Ischiatocele (is-ke-at'-osel). See Ischiocele.

Ischidrosis {is-kid-rc/ sis) [iaxeiv, to suppress ; itipug,
sweat]. Suppression of sweat.

Ischidrotic (is-kid-rof -ik) [icxeiv, to suppress ; idp&g,
sweat]. Causing a retention or suppression of the
sweat.

Ischien (isf-ke-en) [laxiov, hip]. Belonging to the
ischium in itself.

Ischigalactic (is-ke-gal-akr -tik) [iaxuv, to restrain ;
;<//<;, milk]. I. 'lending to check the flow of milk.
2. An antigalactic agent or medicine.

Ischio- (is,-ke-o-) [laxiov, hip]. A prefix indicating
relationship to the ischium. I. -anal, pertaining to
the ischium and the anus. I. -bulbar, pertaining to
the ischium and the bulb of the urethra. I. -capsular,
pertaining to the ischium and the capsular ligament of
the hip. I.-cavernosus, the muscle that compn
the veins of the aits penis and assist- in the erection
of the penis. The I.-clitorianus has a similar rela
tion to the clitoris. SeeMuscles, Tabic of. I. -fibular,
pertaining both to the ischium and the fibula. I.-
neuralgia, sciatica. I. -perineal, belonging to or
pertaining to both ischium and perineum ; pertaining
to the- space- between the anus and the scrotum. I.-
pubeotomy. See Farabceuf \s Operation. I. -sacral,
relating te> the ischium anel the sacrum. I. -tibial,
relating both to the ischium and the tibia. I. -verte-
bral, relating to the ischium and the vertebral ce>lumn.

Ischiocele [is' -ke-osil) [laxiov, hip; «^h], tumor]. Is-
chiatic hernia.

Ischiocerite [is-ke-os' '-er-it) [laxiov, hip-joint; tcipag,
horn]. In biology, the third joint of the developed

ant

[SODYNAMIC

I

. iins ;
urmyeli-

. by the

to hip-

the typical limb

I

ischium .
ium and rectum.
1. Cellulitis, an inflammation of the

U ing the
ir at any
lily near llie
I. Fossa, a <
ither -i<l
mi.
.. hip]. I. I'll'- in:

upon

ire. It forms a

illustration on p.

■ I .1

iite.

Isc! vpog,

■.villi *liidit develop-

Ischr. .

»s]. A pretix mean-

iuppress;
. ius dis-

Is<

Isc •'
IscJ

I

■

Isct

uppress;

■

bile.
• '■ ' »uppi
;he natural flow of

suppress ;
il flow.

rual flow.

• eh.

■

i check ;

■

2. A

■

I. para-
sive
j of

-..j

Ischyomyc'. I V/./

Isidium (i-sid'-e-um) [L. : pi., fsidia]. In biology,
an nee frequently found upon lichens; ii cor

ponds to a soredium.

Isinglass (. See Ichthyocolla and Glue.

I., Vegetable. ir-agar.

Island (i'-land) [ME., Hand, island]. Sec Insula
and />' I. of Reil, the central lobe of the

hemisphere of the brain, situated at the base, on either
side .it' the fissure of Sylvius. See Insula.

Iso- (/'■ . equal]. A prefix signifying equality.

Iso-amylamin (i-so-am-ilf -am-in) [tcroc, equal; amylum,
starch; amin\. A ptomaine obtained in the distilla-
tion of horn with potassic hydrate; it also occur* in
the putrefaction of yeast. It boils at 95° C, and is
non-poisonous, See Ptomaines, Table of .

Iso-apiol [i-so-a' '-pe-ol) [loog, equal ; opium, parsley ;
oleum, oil"]. A substance obtained from apiol, exer-
cising a powerful influence upon the vasomotor
system.

Isobar {i'-so-bar) [loog, equal; fiapog, weight]. In
meteorology, a term denoting a line drawn through
points having the same synchronous barometric pres-
sure.

Isobrious (i-so'-bre-us) [loog, equal ; jSplav, to be
strong, to make strong]. In biology, applied to
dicotyledonous embryos, the two lobes of which grow
with equal vigor; isodynamous.

Isocaprolactone [i-so-kap-ro-lak' '-ton) [loog, equal ;
caper, & goat; lac, milk], C6H10O2. A compound
produced by the distillation of terebic acid. It melts
at about 70 ('. ; boils at 2060 C, or 2070 C. ; at o°C.
it is soluble in double its bulk of water.

Isocercal (i-so-ser'-kal') [loog, equal; nfpnoc, tail]. In
biology, having the tail symmetrically divided by the
straight back-bone.

Isocholesterin (i-so-ko-les'-ter-in) [Jong, equal ; {<>'/'/,
bile; oriap, fat], < '._,,-, 1 1,,< >. A substance isomeric
with cholesterin, and found in distilled sheeps' fat; it
melts at 1380 C.

Isocholin [i-so-ko1 '-liri) [loog, equal ; xoA'h bile], CgH15-
N02. \ body isomeric with cholin; it is found in fly-
agaric, and maybe formed by oxidizing cholin.

Isochromatic (i-so-kro-maf '-ik\ [loog, equal ; xf"~'"'"<
color]. Having the same color.

Isochronism {i-sok'-ro-nizm) [loog, equal ; Xf>'"'"r-
time]. The quality of occurring at equal intervals of
time, or lasting for equal periods of time.

Isochronous (i-sok' -ro-nus) [loog, equal; xPov°g>
time]. Having, occurring at, or occupying equal in-
tervals of time.

Isocoria [i-so-ko* '-re-ah) [loog, equal; k6/»/, pupil].
Equality in diameter of the two pupils.

Isocyclus (i-so-si* -klus~) [loog, equal; hih'/nr, circle].
In biology, an organism consisting of a series of
similar rings.

Isodactylous {i-so-dak' -til-us) [loog, equal ; oaKrvhaq,
digit]. In biology, having the toes and digits alike.

Isodimorphism [i-so-di-morf'-ism) [loog, equal ;
. two-formed], A form of dimorphism,
characterized by the appearance of a substance in two
similar but incompatible forms.

Isodiometric {i-so-di-o-mef -rik) [long, equal; did,
through ; fii rpov, measure j. I laving equal diameter*.

Isodont [loog, equal; bSobq, tooth]. Hav-

ing teeth of the same size and shape.

Isodulcite (i-so-dulf-sif). See Rhamnose.

Isodynamia nam' ah) [loog, equal; tivvafiic,

force]. The pi oi being isodynamic.

Isodynamic [i-so-idi-nam'-ik) [loog, equal; dbva/ug,
force]. Having equal force. I. Foods, those that
produce an equal amount oi heat in undergoing the
chemic changes of digestion.

ISODYNAM' »l >

629

[SOPHORIA

Isodynamous (i-so-di' nam us) [ioog, equal ; fivvaptg,
power, force]. Same as Isobrious.

Iso-electric \i-so-e-lek' -trie) [ioog, equal; iffxKTpov,
amber]. Equally electric; applied to two bodies
or points. I. Curves. See Tension-curves. I.
Surfaces. See Tension plan, .

Isogamous {is ' atn-us) [ioog, equal; mar-

riage]. A term used to designate thai mode of repro-
duction in which the uniting gametes are of equal
size. The same as o injugating.

Isogamy (/-y<;i>'/-</w-(-) [ioog, equal; yd//o£, marriage].
In biology, conjugation <>f similai gametes.

Isogeny {i-soj' '-en-e) [ioog, equal; ysvog, kind]. In
biology, having a general similarity of origin.

Isognathous (/ sog1 '-na-thus) L"7"1 . equal ; ; vadog, jaw].
In biology, having the molar teeth of both jaws alike.

Isogonic {i-so-gon' '-ik) [ioog, equal ; yoi-og, offspring].
In biology, characterized by isogonism.

Isogonism {i-sog' -o-nizm) [ioog, equal; y6vog, off-
spring]. In biology, the production by different stocks
of sexual organisms of identical structure.

Isogynous {i-soj' -in-us) [ioog, equal; ywrj, female].
In biology, having the pistils or carpels equal in
number to the sepals.

Isolate (is'-so-ld/ or i'-so-ldt) [isola, an island]. To
separate one from another. To place apart. In
chemistry, to separate an element from its combina-
tion. In electricity, to insulate.

Isolation [is-o-la' '-shun) [isola, an island]. The act
or process of isolating, or the state of being isolated;
separation of those ill of contagious diseases from
other persons.

Isologous {i-sol* -o-gus) [ioog, equal ; 7.6yog, method,
ratio, or system]. Having similar relations or pro-
portions. A qualification applied to compounds con-
taining a like number of carbon -atoms, with a gradually
decreasing number of hydrogen-atoms.

Isolophobia (is-o-lo-fo' -bc-ah) [isola, an island; 0o/3oc,
fear]. Morbid dread of being alone.

Isomastigate (i-so-mas' -tig-at) [ioog, equal ; pdori^, a
whip]. In biology, applied to organisms bearing two
or more similar Ilagella.

Isomer {i'-som-er) [ioouepi/g, having equal parts]. An
isomeric body. The same as hornet-id.

Isomere {if -so-mer) [ioofiepr/g, having equal parts]. In
biology, a portion of one organism that is homologous
with a portion of another organism.

Isomeric {i-so mer'-ik) [ioog, equal ; n&pog, a part]. In
chemistry, applied to substances having the same cen-
tesimal composition, but the molecules of which have
an essentially different structure and chemic properties ;
e.g., aldehyd and ethylene oxid, both of which have
the formula C2H40. The former, however, has the
structure —

Methyl. Carbonic
oxid.
CH3 — CO — H,

while the latter is composed of two molecules of
ethylene, joined by an atom of oxygen, thus (CH2) —
O — (CH.,). This, the most common type of isomer-
ism, is sometimes called metamerism. The term is also
applied to substances having the same centesimal com-
position, but whose molecular weights are in even
multiples, a type of isomerism commonly called poly-
merism. Also, in crystallography, applied to any sub-
stance that crystallizes in more than one form. Also,
applied to a substance existing in two or more
forms, a type of isomerism called allotropism. I.
Theory of Nerve-force ; Herbert Spencer's
hypothesis that in nervous action the disturbance
transmitted is a wave of isomeric change, the alter-

nation of isomeric states depending upon both nerve-
fiber and molecular continuity.

Isomerids {i-som* , consisting of equal

pan , equal; uepog, a part]. A name applied

to different substances possessing the same molecular
composition. I., Physical, a designation applied to
rivations to which one and the same structural
formula niu-i be assigned. They have been explained
by assuming them to be different aggregations ol mole-
cules that were chemically similar. See also Physi-
cal Mold l/lt-S.

Isomerism {j.-somf -er-izni) [ioog, equal; \tkpog, a part].
I be phenomenon ol bodies of like composition and
like number of atom-, being different in physical or
in chemic properties, or in both. I., Geometric.
Alloisomerism, q.v. I., Spatial. Same as /. , <
metric.

Isomerous {i-som' '-er-us) [ioog, equal ; \ikpog, part,
share]. In biology, having an equal number of parts,
ridges, or markings.

Isometric {i- so-met' -rik) [ioog, equal ; perpov, measure].
Of» equal measure. I. Act, the t< nsion of a muscle
when stimulated, its length remaining constant.

Isometropia {i-so-met-ro1 '-pe-ak) [ioog, equal ; uerpov,
measure; uTp, eye]. Equality of kind and degree in
the refraction of the two eyes.

Isomorph [i'-so-morf) [ioog, equal ; uopijyf], form]. In
biology, one of two similar organisms belonging to
different groups.

Isomorphic {i-so-mor'-Jik) [ioog, equal ; fiopoi/, form].
In biology, pertaining to morphologic similarity.

Isomorphism {i-so-mor' -Jizm) [ioog, equal; no
form]. Similarity in crystalline form. Also, the replace-
ment of one element in a crystalline salt by another,
without alteration of form or system. I., Heteromer-
ous, a condition of dissimilarity in molecular composi-
tion. I., Isomerous, a condition of similarity in
molecular composition. I., Polymeric, the substitu-
tion of two or more atoms of one element for one of
another, without alteration of crystalline form.

Isonitrosoacetones {i-so-ni-tro-so-as/ -et-onz) . A group
of colorless crystalline bodies, readily soluble in ether
and in chloroform, and as a rule soluble with difficulty
in alcohol. Their alkaline solutions have an intensely
yellow color.

Isonitroso-compounds {i-so-ni-tro'-so-kom'-pnvndz).
Compounds that contain the bivalent oximid group
=N.OH linked to carbon.

Isonomic [i-so-nom' -ik) [toovo/wiSg, having equality of
laws]. In chemistry, applied to isomorphism ex-
isting between two compounds of like composition.

Isonym {i'-so-nim) [ioog, equal; ovopa, a name].. A
paronym.

Isopathotherapy (i-so-path-o-ther'-ap-e). Same as Iso-
pathy.

Isopathy {i-sop1 '-ath-e) [ioor, equal ; jzafiog, suffering].
A term used to denote the treatment of disease by
the administration of one or more of its own products.
Thus, smallpox would be treated by the administra-
tion internally of the variolous excretions.

Isopelletierin {i-so-pel-ef-e-er-in) [ioog, equal ; pelle-
tierin\. A substance found in the root-bark of Punica
granatum. It has the same properties as pelletierin.

Isopepsin {i-so-pep/ -sin) [ioog, equal ; -• \\>tg, digestion].
I. A body formed by heating pepsin to a point be-
tween 1040 and 1400 F. It changes albumin into
parapeptone. 2. Same as Parapeptone.

I„opetalous {i-so-pef '-al-us) [ioog, equal; -ira/.ov, a
leaf]. In biology, having the petals alike.

Isophoria {i-so-fi/ -re-ah) [ioog, equal ; oopog, a tending].
A condition in which the eyes lie in the same hori-
zontal plane, the tension of the vertical muscles of

n the

. io bear].
c imi

1- A '
ion in the

em ■••

Isopho:

• •' nbJ-

iers, the
: the racl

nin.

rhe

tina at dif-

■h for form and

urpunn '■'"'■'<

■ used in

irin ; it i- formed by

luinondisulphonic acid with sodic

! • a yellow

1 '"]>

ther withquinal-

i in the crude quinolin from

lin, solidifies at

Iting at 20-22° C,

tcid id.

qua] ; o

I saccharin. It
of lime upon milk-sugar and

I .to see].

i parallel ver-

ised on the

I the vertical lines of

• 1 exactly to

seed]. In
mt one kind of spore ; a

1

, equal ; o-opd, seed].

norv . . ■ |ual ; arfifiov,

■ mens of the
■ orolla.
ita.
Iso-' , • Same as

Isothermal • .. •,, heat].

I. Lines, in ph

ring the

time.

- hav-

nperature may have.

other a very

i i plaj '"in

cold

I. Zones,

■

■

■ utting]. In
ig homo

I

on],
turning].

. a turn-

[TER

ing]. Having the same shape and appearance, from
whatever point observed. A term applied to singly-
refracting bodies.

Isozobid (i-so-zo'-oid) [taog, equal; ^~.>m\ animal;
elSog, form]. In biology, a zooid resembling the
organism producing it. Cf. Allozooid.

Issue (isA'-u) [Fr., issue, from exire, to go out]. A
discharging ulcer, especially that made artificially
forpurposes of drainage, or counter-irritation. L-
pea, a pea or pea shaped pellet (as of ivy-wood, or
orris-root), inserted into an issue to keep up suppura-
tion. Orange-seeds are'also used for the same pur

1" '

Istarin {is' -tar-in). A nitrogenous, phosphorized sub-
stance of complex structure occurring in brain-tissue.
Its properties have not been investigated.

Isthmiac, or Isthmic (is'-me-ak or is'-tnik) [i<rtf/«5c,
a narrow passage]. Pertaining to any isthmus, as
that of the fauces.

Isthmitis (is-mi'-tis) [lo8[t6g, a narrow passage; trig,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the fauces.

Isthmo- (is' -mo-) [loO/idg, a neck]. A prefix signifying
the fauces.

Isthmocatarrhus [is-mo-kat-ar/-us) [laOfidc, isthmus ;
Karappietv, to flow down]. A catarrh of the faucial
isthmus.

Isthmodynia {is-mo-din' '-e-ah) ['icyOfioc, neck; b<Ywri,
pain]. Pain in the faucial isthmus.

Isthmoid [is'-moid) [laO/xug, a neck; eldog, likeness].
Resembling an isthmus.

Isthmopathy {is-mop* -atk-e) ['icO/uog, neck; nadoc,
disease]. A disease of the faucial isthmus.

Isthmoplegia [ts-mo-ple'-je-aK) [lodfiSg, neck; ■K'/.rjyj],
stroke]. Paralysis of the faucial tract.

Isthmopolypus [is-mo-pol'-ip-us) [ioOfiog, isthmus;
-n'/vTrovg, polyp]. A polyp of the fauces.

Isthmorrhagia ( is - mor- a '-je - ah ) [inttuoc, isthmus ;
/>/,; vhvat, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the throat.

Isthmospasm {iY -mo-spazm) [iatt/j6r, isthmus; anao/idg,
spasm]. Spasm of the isthmus of the fauces.

Isthmus [is'-mus) [Ia6/i6g, isthmus]. The neck or
constricted part of an organ. The part of the brain
which, situated axially, serves to unite the forebrain,
the cerebellum, and the spinal cord. I., Gyral, a nar-
row gyrus connecting two adjoining gyri ; an annectant
convolution or pli de passage. I. of Fauces, the space
between the arches of the palate. I. of Thyroid Gland,
the transverse cord connecting the lobes of the thyroid
body.

Isuretin [i-su-re'-tin) [?ffor, equal ; obpav, urine],
CH4N20. A substance isomeric with urea; it appears
on evaporating the alcoholic solution of hydroxylamin
and hydrogen cyanid. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms
similar to those oi urea, and melts at 104-50 C.

Italian [i-tal'-yan) \Ztalus,a.n Italian]. Of or pertain-
ing to Italy. I. Fever. Synonym of Influenza, and
also of Mediterranean Fever. I. Leprosy. See
Pellagra. I. Method. See Tagliacotian Method.

Itch (ich). See Scabies. I., Army. See Army. I.,
Bakers'. See /-inker. I., Barbers'. See Barber.
I., Bricklayers'. See Uriel- /aver. I., Drunkards',
an intense itching frequent in old alcoholics. I.,
Grocers'. See Grocer. I. -mite. See Acarus
scabiei. I., Norway, an extreme form of general
scabies of the body, resulting in fish-scale-like des-
quamation. Hebra's first case was from Norway. I.,
Warehousemen's. Same as /. , Grocers'.
-ite {it). A suffix employed in mineralogy denoting a
mineral, or of mineral origin. A contraction of "KiBog,
a -tone.
Iter [iter, a journey]. A passage affording com-

munication between two or more parts. I.adinfundi-

-11IS

bulum, the passage between the third ventricle of the
brain and the infundibulum. I. a palati ad aurem,
the Eustachian tube. I. a tertio ad quartum ventri-
culum, the aqueduct of Sylvia-., extending from the
third ventricle to the fourth. I. chordae anterius,
the aperture through which the chorda tympani nerve
leaves the tympanum. I. chordae posterius, the
aperture through which the chorda tympani nerve
enters the tympanum. I. dentium, the canal of the
permanent dental sac opening behind the correspond-
ing temporary tooth and through which the permanent
tooth ri>es.

-itis (i'-lis) [mc, inflammation]. A suffix used to denote
inflammation.

Ivory [if-vor-e) [ME., ivory, ivory]. The hard bone-
like substance of the tusks of elephants. I. -black.
See Carbo animalis, and Pigments, Conspectus tf. I.,

631 JACTITATION

Dental. See Dentine. I. -brown. See Pigments,
Conspectus of. I. of Tooth. See Dentine.

Ivy [i'-ve) [ME., ivy, ivy]. See Hedera. I. -pea, an
issue-pea made of the wood of the ivy. I., Poison.
See Rhus.

Ixodes [iks-o'-dez) [J.;cjf5//c, sticky ; l^6g, bird-lime; eldog,
form]. An insect of the natural order Acaridea. See
Parasites {Animal}, Table of

Ixyomyelitis (iks-e-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [i;i<\ waist; /uj
marrow; trig, inflammation]. Myelitis of the dorsal
region of the spinal cord; ischiomyelis ; osphyomy-
elilis.

Izal [if-zal). Thomcliffe disinfectant; a by-product
obtained in the process of coke formation ; it po^sese*
strung disinfectant properties without any irritating
quality. It mixes well with water, and has an agree-
able odor. L'nof.

Jabber (jab'-er) [ME., fader, to chatter]. To talk
rapidly and indistinctly ; to chatter.

Jaborandi {jab-or-anf -de) [Braz.]. The leaves of Pilo-
carpus pennalifolius, a valuable diaphoretic. See Pilo-
carpus.

Jaborin {Jab'-or-in) [Braz., Jaborandi\, t'|,H1BN205.
An alkaloid derivable from pilocarpi!) by the action of
heat and sulphuric acid. It is an amorphous, strongly
basic substance, and has properties resembling those
of atropin. L'nof.

Jacaranda {jak-ar-an'-daE) [Brazilian]. A genus of
bignoniaceous plants of tropical America. J. caroba
is antisyphilitic, and is of service in the treatment of
urethritis, rheumatism, and skin-diseases. Dose of
the fl. ext. gtt. xvi-H. 7,]. J. lancifoliata, is used by
the natives of Brazil in urethritis. Dose of an :j ij to
( >j tincture n^w ; of the fl. extract, gtt. xvi-xxx.
Unof.

Jaccoud's Sign. Set Signs and Symptoms, Tabic of .

Jack ( jak) [ME., Jacke, a personal name]. A popular
term for horse-flesh salted and subsequently washed in
order to deprive it of its peculiar taste. J. -knife
Posture. See Postures.

Jacket (jak'-et) [Fr. , jacque, a coat of mail]. A short
coat. J., Bark, a jacket stuffed with powdered cin-
chona. J., Cotton, a jacket lined with cotton, some-
times used in the treatment of pneumonia. J.,
Plaster-of- Paris, a mould of plaster of Paris cast
upon the body or part, for keeping it rigid and fixed
in a desired position, in sprain or dislocation of the
spine, etc. J. -poultice, a poultice applied about the
whole surface of the thorax ; it is sometimes used in
the treatment of pneumonia. J., Straight, 4 system
of leather straps used to bind violently insane persons
in order to prevent self-inflicted injury.

Jackson's Pectoral Syrup. A cough-medicine contain-
ing morphin hydrochlorate, sugar, sassafras pith, gum
arabic, and water.

Jacksonian Epilepsy. Focal, cortical, or symptomatic
epilepsy. A spasm limited to a single group of muscles
in the face, arm, or leg, due generally to irritative lesion
of the motor area of the brain ; the spasm may also in-
volve other groups of muscles ; consciousness is usually

retained ; there is danger of the convulsions becoming
general. See Epilepsy, and Diseases, 'Table of.

Jacob's Membrane. A name sometimes applied to
the layer of rods and cones of the retina. J.'s Ulcer.
See Rodent Ulcer, and Diseases, Tall

Jacobson's Anastomosis. The tympanic plexus. See
Plexus. J.'s Canal. See Canal. J.'s Caitilage,
a strip of cartilage under Jacobson's organ, firmly
adherent to the latter, but distinct from the septal
cartilage of the nose, to the outer side of the ventral
edge of which it is situated. J.'s Nerve, the nerve
of the tympanum. See Nerves, Table of. J.'s Organ,
a short, rudimentary canal, extending along the septum
of Stensen's duct, and ending in a cul-de-sac.

Plaster Jacket. (Sayre.)

Jacquart, Angle of. See Angle.

Jacquemin's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of.
Jactation (jai-ta'-sAun). See Jactitation .
Jactitation { jak-tit-a' -shun) [ jactitare, to pour forth].
The restlessness and tendency to frequent changes of

R 1 I RROV

J . Per*

: the

Gcnal Fur: utli

: . .. I .::

•■. which

the Nasal

• the

mat c Furrow, beginning at

outward

■ in.

i tn pro-
ires fi »r

■.in to a

. sometimes n fined

intry of its

alap

I infants.

[named from

I he tuber ol Ipomaea

due to ('■■ . jala-

■ hydragogue

•ful in combination with calo-

J . Abstractunv : pil. cathartic

J.. Ext I ' -■ gr. v-xv.

J . Re tincture by water.

J., Pulv., Comp., contains jalap 35,

x-srj. J., Tinct.

Jal.i

J-

Jamb

j«j

■ ity of Mexico],
• us oriza-

ilvulin ; it is

rum a tincture

: an irritant hydragogue

[W. Indies], An island of the
J. Dogwood. 5 J. Kino.

• in.

1 ] A genus of

J. aquea,

J. vulgaris is a t; the

thi fruit and

LI Thi

It is thought to

1 nut

I nof.

I be dried and

I n inn, a shrul 1

ern India,

hildren,

amount

ij •. ; ol

I \ :■

myrrh. J.'s

J»r: Weed.

JAUNDICE

Janosik's Embryo. A human embryo described by
fanosik as having two gill-pouches and three aortic
an

Janus, or Janiceps {ja,-nus or janf-is-eps) [Janus, a

two-faced divinity; caput, head]. A syncephalic
monstrosity with two fai

Japan :>i') [Chin., Jih-pun\. An island on the

eastern coast of Asia. J. Colors. See Pigments,
. and Dye-stuffs. J. -black. See Pigments,
J. Lacquer. Same as J. -black. J.
Wax, a wax obtained by boiling the berries of several
trees of the genus Rhus, from incisions in the stems
of which flows the famous [apan lacquer varnish. It
i> properly a fat, as it consists almost entirely of
glyceryl palmitate. Its specific gravity is .999 and its
melting-point 1200 F. (490 C). When freshly broken,
the fractured surface is almost white or slightly yel-
lowish green and the odor tallow like. It is used for
mixing with beeswax in the manufacture of candles
ami wax matches.

Japanese ( jap-an-ez') [Japan, an island on the east
coast of Asia]. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabit-
ants. J. Method of Resuscitation; it consists in
drawing forward the tongue and making rapid passes
with paper fans soaked in water and aqua ammonias.
The object is to get as much of the vapor of ammonia
into the lungs as possible. This method is also called
Japanese Fanning. J. Fanning. See J. Method of
Resuscitation. J. Hot-box, a device for applying
dry-heat to a part, as the eyes.

Jar [Pers., jarrah, a little cruse]. A small earthen or
glass vessel without handle or spout. J., Leyden, an
electric condenser consisting of a glass jar lined, exter-
nally and internally, in its lower two-thirds with tin.
See Leyden.

Jargon (jar^-gori) [ME., jargoun, chattering]. Con-
fused, unintelligible talk ; gibberish; babble; charac-
teristic of some forms of idiocy and insanity.

Jargonize (j'a^-gon-lz) [ME.., jargoun, chattering].
To utter unintelligible sounds.

Jarich's Ointment. An ointment containing pyrogallic
acid, zj, and lard, one ounce.

Jarjavay's Muscle. See Muscles, Table of.

Jasmine ( jaz'-miii) [Pers., yasmln, jasmine]. See
fasminum. J. -yellow. See Gelsemium.

Jasminum (jaz'-min-um) [Pers., yasmln, jasmine]. A
genus of oleaceous plants, mostly of tropical old-world
origin ; jasmine. Many of the species are cultivated
for their fragrant flowers, and for their essential oil.
Some of the species are vermifuge, others lactifuge, and
-till others are used in the treatment of skin diseases.
I nof.

Jatropha { jat' -rojah) [larpdg, a physician; Tpoipi/,
nourishment]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants
having irritant, cathartic, and emetic properties. See
Barbadoes Nut and Tapioca. J. macrorhiza, the root
"I a plant indigenous to Mexico and the Southern
United States, possessed of alterative and cholagogue
pro] in large doses it is a hydragogue cathartic

and emetic. Dose of the fluid extract Zss— ij. Unof.
J. Oil, the oil of the Barbadoes nut.

Jaundice ( jawn'-dis) [Fr., jaunisse, yellowness]. A
condition arising from obstruction of the biliary pas-
!t is characterized by a yellowish coloration of
the skin, and may be associated with languor, malaise,
nausea, vomiting, itching of the skin, diarrhea or con -
stipation, clay colored stools, slow pulse, and depres-
sion of temperature. Certain of the secretions of the
body also are discolored, as the urine. J., Acute
Febrile. See Weil' l> J , Acute Infective.

Weil's , J., Black, an extreme degree of

jaundice. J. , Blue, a synonym of Cyanosis. J., Hema-

JAUNK

633

JERVIN

togenous, the yellowish discoloration of the skin, re-
sulting from disorganization of the red blood-corpus
cles. J., Hemafecal, jaundice associated with bloody
stools. J., Hepatogenic. See Hepatogenic. J.,
Malignant, acute yellow atrophy of the liver. J.,
White. Synonym of Chloro

Jaune {zhon) [Fr.j. Yellow. J. -brilliant. Same as
( admium-yellow.

Java Tea. The leaves of Orthosiphon staminaus, the
infusion of which is reputed to be diuretic in doses
of £J-ij- See Orthosiphon.

Javelle's Water. A solution of potassium or sodium
hypochlorite.

Jaw [ME., fawe, jaw]. See Maxilla. J. -bone, a
maxilla, especially the inferior maxilla. J. -disease, a
term for phosphorus-necrosis. J. -jerk, a tendon reflex
obtained by suddenly depressing the lower jaw. See
Reflexes, Table of . J. -less, without jaws. J., Lock, or
Locked. See Trismus. J., Lumpy, actinomycosis
of cattle. J. -pocking, a Scottish term for Wattles,
q. v. J. -tooth, a molar tooth.

Jaws (jawz). See Maxillary Bones.

Jealousy (Jel'-us-e) [ME., jalous, jealous]. A feeling
of resentful suspicion caused by belief in the rivalry
of another person in the love or favor of one's hus-
band or wife. When excessive, unreasonable, or
abnormal, it may be looked upon as a symptom of
insanity.

Jecinorous (jes-in' -or-us) \_jecur, jecoris, liver]. He-
patic.

Jecoral (jek'-or-al), Jecorary (jek'-or-a-re), Jeco-
rose (jek'-or-os) \_jecur, jecoris, liver]. Hepatic;
relating to the liver.

Jeccrin {jek'-or-iri) [jecur, jecoris, liver], C105H1S6N5-
SP3Ott. A complex body found by Drechsel in the
liver-substance. In its properties it somewhat resem-
bles lecithin, but it reduces Fehling's solution. It
occurs also in the spleen, muscle, brain, etc.

Jecur (jef-ker) [L.]. The liver. J. aselli, the liver of
the cod-fish. J. lardaceum, waxy or lardaceous liver.

Jeffersonia (jef-er-so'-ne-ali) [after Thomas Jefferson,
a president of the U. S.]. A genus of berberidaceous
plants. J. diphylla, a X. American berberidaceous
plant, useful in rheumatism, and a good substitute for
senega. It is tonic and in large doses expectorant ;
it is also called rheumatism-root and twin-leaf. See
Twin-leaf Unof.

Jeffries, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Table of

Jejunal {jej-u'-nal) \Jejunus, dry]. Pertaining to the
jejunum.

Jejunitas (je-ju'-nit-as) [I-]. Fasting.

Jejunitis \jej-u-ni' -tis) \Jejunus, dry; trig, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the jejunum.

Jejunium (je-ju'-ne-um) [L .,/>/., Jejunia]. A fast.

Jejuno-colostomy (jej-u-no-ko-los' -to-me) [jejunits,
dry; kUXjov, colon; ardfia, mouth]. The surgical
formation of an artificial passage between the jejunum
and the colon.

Jejuno-ileitis (je/'-u-no-il-e-i'-tis) [jejunus, dry; elXeiv,
to roll ; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
jejunum and the ileum.

Jejuno-ileostomy {jej-tt-no-il-e-os'-fo-me) [jejunus,
dry; ei/e/v, to roll; aru/tn, mouth]. The surgical
formation of an artificial communication between the
jejunum and the ileum.

Jejunostomy ( jej-u-nos1 '-to-me) [ jejunus, dry ; rrrd/i/a,
mouth]. The making and maintenance of an artificial
opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum.
The operation is designed to permit the introduction
of food in cases of carcinoma of the pylorus and sim-
ilar affections.

Jejuno-typhoid (jej-u-no-ti'-foid) [jejunus, dry;
Tiipur, smoke; eloog, likeness]. Typhoid fever with
involvement of the jejunum or its gland-.

Jejunum {jej-u'-num) [jejunus, dry, empty, because
thought to be empty after death]. The two-fifths of

c. Cardiac, p. Pyloric parts of stomach, d Duodenum, i.
Jejunum and ileum, ac. Ascending, tc. transverse, and dc.
descending colon, r. Rectum, a. Anus.

the small intestine extending between the duodenum
and the ileum. Also a synonym of Fasting.

Jelly (jeT-e) \_gelare, to freeze]. In pharmacy, a soft,
non-viscid, but somewhat elastic substance, of which
hydrated gelatin is the best example. Domestic fruit-
jellies consist of the inspissated juice of the fruit, with
one or two parts of sugar, together with the natural
mucilage of the seeds of the fruit. Many of the
imported jellies sold in the United States contain no
fruit-juice, being for the greater part ordinary animal
gelatin acidified with tartaric acid, and flavored arti-
ficially. J., Glycerin. See Mounting-media : also,
Glycerin-jelly. J., Wharton's. See Wharton.

Jennerian (jen-er'-e-an) [after Jenner, an English
physician]. Pertaining to Jenner, or to the theory or
practice of vaccination.

Jensen's Fissure. See Fissures, Table of.

Jequiritin [jek-ir' '-it-in). A soluble active principle
obtained from jequirity seeds. See Abrus.

Jequirity ( jek-ir* '-it-e). See Abrus.

Jerk [origin uncertain]. See Chin-jerk, Elbenv-jerk,
Jaw-jerk, Knee-jerk, Toe-jerk, etc. J. -finger. See
Spring-finger.

Jerkers ( jerk/-erz). See Jumpers.

Jerks [origin uncertain]. A form of hysteric and almost
maniacal agitation, accompanied by sudden distortions
of the body. It has been epidemic in certain seasons
of unusual religious excitement.

Jersey Tea. See Red-root.

Jervin (jer'-vin) \_jerva, green hellebore-root]^
1 ,1 1 V > ; a poi-onous, crystalline alkaloid found in
varieties of veratrum.

\KK

II NIPERUS

Jesuits" Bark \ J- Drops.

■

m ol

'

trimeter. trim-

J.-dis-
• and
J.. Charcots.

It is chai
fluid into the
il the surrounding tissi

i tion

with diminished

ler times with excessive

J.-ic'.o: J-iU. J. -ill, a

m forms cl" disi

: . resulting from septic

Ute exudative

■ quantities of plastic lymph

". nt" the joint, leading t< > per-

J.-less, without

J. -mice. ~ libera articulorum.

J. -oil,

Jones's Bcncei Albumin. umin.

sennc's Sign. nptoms, Table of.

Jou'.c English physicist].

divided by 4200.
J.'s Law. See /

. jaw]. The cheek.
J . 1 I : ■ •_• i Bud. The bark of

gent, nun h used in diar-
I >• ise of the

• '" 3

Cting or

J. Bone, tin- malar bone.

J. Points. J. Process.

walnut]. A
ol Butter-
lic, laxative,
I fnof.

J. regia, the Europi

. which

lling tapeworm. The

J nigra, rties.

in autumn) of

J. cinerea, 1* a mild pu-

lnut],C10Hs 0 1 OH.
I mo-
ling hydi

at].

Pertaining to the throat. J. Fossa. See Fossa. J.
Veins. in.

Jugulation t'-shun) [fugulatio, a killing].

The -wit'i and sudden shortening of an attack of dis-
1 iv therapeutic measures; also, the arrest of an
di mic b) prompt and effective measures.

Jugulocephalic lo-sef-al' '-ik) [jugulum, the

thmat ; *■<"<>//, head]. Pertaining to the throat and
the head.

Jugulum t-lum) [L. : pl.,Jugula\. The collar-

bone ; also, the throat.

Jugum [ju'-gutri) [L. : //. , Juga~\. A yoke. In
biology, a pair of leaflets in a compound leaf. J.
penis, a cushioned forceps or compressor applied to
the penis to prevent incontinence of urine. J. sphen-
oidale, the line of fusion of the orbito-sphenoid bones.

Juice ( ■ .broth]. The fluid or liquid contained

in the tissue of an animal or plant. Various secretions
the body are known as juices, e. g., the gastric,
intestinal, and pancreatic juices. J. -canals, spaces
within the connective tissue, constituting the origin of
the Lymphatic vessel-.. J., Gastric. See Gastric.
J., Intestinal, the intestinal secretion, succus entericus,
the secretion of the follicles of Lieberkiihn mainly,
but in the duodenum including that of Brunner's
glands. J., Pancreatic. See Pancreatic.

Jujube ( ju'-juli) \_jujuba, fruit]. The fruit of the
jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba. J. -paste, a confection,
originally containing the pulp of jujubes, but now
made of gum-arabic, or of gelatin, variously flavored.

Julaceous ( ju-la'-she-us) [iulus, catkin]. In biology,
resembling a catkin.

Julep ') [Pers., julab, a sweet drink]. A sweet-

ened and aromatized alcoholic or medicated drink.

Jumbai-bean (jum'-bi-bSn) [Negro dial., Jumbai, an
evil spirit]. The Lucana glauca, a leguminous tree
resembling the locust, found in the West Indies. The
eating of the fruit or the foliage by horses and cattle
results in the loss of hoofs, horns, and hair of tail and
mane.

Jumpers (jum'-perz) [ME., jumpen, to jump]. A
name applied to those afflicted with a neurosis charac-
terized by motor incoordination and convulsive move-
ments of any part of the body, but especially of the
lower extremities, so that springing movements or
jumping movements follow efforts to walk, etc. The
name lias also been given to hysteric fanatics whose
devotional frenzy is accompanied by acts of leaping
and distortion ; and also to certain persons whose
powers of will and control over their movements
are in part abolished. See Latah, Myriachit, Palmus,
and Saltatoric Spasm.

Jumping ( jutnpf-ing). See Palmus.

Junctura 1 junk tu'-rafi) [I-]. A suture, as of bones.

June ( /mi) [Junius, a Roman name, meaning young].
The sixth month of the year. J. -cold. Synonym of
Hay-fever. J. Lobster. See Buckle-shell.

Jungle Fever. See Fever.

Juniper (juf-nip-er). See faniperus.

Juniperin {ju-nif/ -er-in) [juniperus, the juniper-tree].
A yellow, resin-like powder found in juniper-berries.

Juniperus ( /// nip' -er-us) [L., gen., Juniperi\. I. A

u^ of berry-bearing coniferous trees. Besides the

cial species (see Juniperus, 2), there are several

other medicinal species. 2. Juniper, the fruit of J.

muni,; its properties are mainly due to a volatile oil,

and it i^ a stomachic tonic, diuretic, and aphrodisiac.

The oil i> eliminated by the kidneys. It is valuable in

chrome pyelitis and cystitis. J., Infusum, unof.,

■ •I juni] tes 5 j, boiling water ( >}. J.,

Ol., the volatile oil. Dose n\V-XX. J., Spt., 5 parts

oil in 95 of alcohol. hose 3J-5J. J-, Spt.,

II NK

«;:;.-,

JUXTAPOSITION

Comp., the gin of commerce ; oil of juniper 8, oil of
caraway I, oil of fennel I, alcohol 1400, water q. s. ad
5000 parts. Dose %^ss-j. J. oxycedrus affords oil
of cade, q. v. See also Sabina. Oil of Cade,
a tar obtained by the distillation of juniper-wood ; it is
sometimes used externally in eczema and psoriasis.
Unof.

Junk [Port., f unco, a. rush]. In surgery, a quilted cushion
forming a sling in which to suspend a fractured limb.
It was formerly made of rushes or reeds.

Junker's Inhaler. See Anesthetic.

Junket (jun&'-et) [ME., junket, a rush]. Curds and
whey; a delicacy for invalids, prepared by taking ]/2
pint of fresh milk heated to an agreeable tempera-
ture, adding 1 teaspoon ful of rennet or essence of pep-
sin, and stirring well. Let the mixture stand till
curdled, and serve with sugar and nutmeg.

Junod's Boot. A boot-shaped case, usually of stiff
leather, made to enclose the leg so that, the air being
exhausted, the blood-vessels and tissues of the limb are
dilated by the excess of blood. It has been em-
ployed to relieve inflammation and congestion of
the viscera.

Jurema ( ju-ref-mah\ [Braz.]. A leguminous Brazilian
tree, Strypknodendron jurema. Its bark is astringent,
and is said to be narcotic. Unof.

Juriballi (ju-rib-al'-e) [W. Ind.J. A name for several
meliaceous trees and their astringent and antipyretic
bark, among which are Trichilia moschata, Soymida
febrifuga, and Kkaya senegalensis.

Jurisprudence (ju-ris-pru'-dens) [jus. law; prudentia,
skill]. The science of the interpretation and applica-
tion of the law. J., Medical, the application of med-
ical knowledge to the principles of common law.

Jurubeba { ju-ru-be* -baft) [Braz.]. The leaves and juice
of a shrub. Solatium insidiosum, indigenous to Brazil.
It is an alterative, tonic, diuretic, and drastic cathartic.
Dose of the fluid extract gtt. j-v. Unof.

Jury (ju'-re) \_jurare, to swear]. A body of men
legally appointed to determine the guilt or innocence
of a prisoner, or to determine the facts in judicial
inquiries. J. -leg, a wooden leg. J. of Matrons, a
body of twelve matrons, formerly empaneled in Eng-
land to determine if a murderess, for whom such plea
was made, were pregnant. J. -mast, a steel shaft with
curved iron rods attached, sometimes employed to sup-
port the head in disease of the upper vertebrae ; it is
mainly used in connection with Sayre's treatment of
spondylitis. See annexed illustration.

Jus (jits) [L.]. See Juice, and Jusculum.

Jusculum ( jusr -ku-lum) [L., a decoction]. A soup or
broth ; gruel or porridge.

Jusetmond's Arsenical Powder. A preparation of
arsenic used in various skin-affections. It consists of

sulphuretted antimony. 16 parts; arsenious acid, one
part. These are melted in a crucible, and, when cold,
the lilacs is reduced to a powder, and live parts of
extract of opium are added.

Justicia 1 jus-tis'-e-ah) [named from a Mr. Justice, a
botanist]. A genus of acanthaceous h id shrubs.

J. adhatoda i> antispasmodic and febrifuge. J. ec-
bolium is anti-icteric, diuretic, and deobstruent. J.
echioides, diuretic. J. gendarussa, diaphoretic. J.
pectoralis is bechic and stomachic. Unof.

Justo-major Pelvis (juJ-to-ma'-jor). See Pelvis,
]■ 'male, Deformities of

Justo-minor Pelvis. See Pelvis, Female, Deform-
ities

Jute (jut) [Beng. , jut, matted hair]. The bast fiber of
two species of the genus CorcAorus , grown chiefly in
India and Ceylon. The fibers have a length of 2.5
meters, or even more, are of a yellowish-white color,
and have a fine luster. Jute contains no free cellulose,
but consists of bastose. When treated with iodin and
sulphuric acid, it yields a deep-brown color.

Juvantia (ju-van' '-ske-ah) [L., " aiding"]. Adjuvant
remedies or medicines. See Adjuvant.

Jury-mast. (Sayie.)

Juventus [ju-ven/-tus) [juvenis, young]. A term

formerly applied to that period of life between the ages

of twenty-five and thirty-five years.
Juxtaposition (juks-tah'-po-zishf -un) \_juxta, r\ear;posi-

tio, position]. Situation adjacent to another; the act

of placing near; apposition.

KARTULIS, BACILLUS OF

K

K

K.i.r.cc: ■ M --•.:.

a hich
i b) su-

oyment ;

i time], ' 10H1SNO
from
:iul antipyretic;
; its us

I ios< gr. iij-

oid pre]

..lirolina

Methylquinolin
mill, but less

for 1 Epi

i beriberi, as

-

mia.

trophy.

• ■ j \n East

i >/)itis) nil.

I in.se of the

. gr. iv-viij.

Vn East Indian
ii form
. the juii rad-

ish] Potassium,
K.-blue.

if xaXta, d 'i .

^ule

. potash :
■ii "i potassium.
: , beautiful, , to

ntially a pantograph,
■ one

■iii.il ~\/f al another.

plorer].
'ia, a

1 1 ise
K.

angustifolia, like ihe foregoing, is poisonous. Its
decoi tion is .i popular remedj forsores and ulcers, to
which it is applied hot. I no!

Kalmuck Type. Hocy, Ethnic.

Kamala [kam-af-laK) \ Hind., kamlla]. Rottlera. The
glands and hairs from the capsules of Mallotus philip-

. native to Southern Asia
and Abyssinia. It is a purgative and anthelmintic,
much used for the expulsion of lumbricoid and other
parasitic worms. Dose 3J-5J of an 3VJ to 3 wj
alcoholic tinctui

Kambi [kam'-be) [E. Ind.]. An aromatic gum, like
,1,111]. I denia lucida, a plant of India. Unof.

Kamela [kam-er -laK) or Kamila {kam-e'-lah). See
Katnala.

Kammerer and Giacomi's Apparatus. An appara-
tus for air analysis.

Kanarin [kan' -ar-in\ , CSN3HS2. A substance ob-
tained from K< NS by electrolysis; it is probably
identical with pseudo-cyanogen sulphid, and is em-
ployed as a yellow or orange dye for wool, not re-
quiring a mordant.

Kandahar Sore {kan* -da-har). See Furunculus ori-
entalis.

Kandelia {kan-de' -le-ah) [E. Ind., kandef], A rhizo-
phoreaceous plant found in the Malay Islands. K.
rheedii, a small tree found in India, where its bark,
mixed with dried ginger, or pepper and rose-water, is
used in diabetes. Unof.

Kandol ikan'-dol'). A volatile constituent of coal-tar,
proposed as a local anesthetic. Its rapid evaporation
freezes the superficial tissues. It is possibly identical
with rhigolene, q. v. Unof.

Kangaroo Method [kang-gar-oo/^. II. C. Wood's
term for the method of treating disease by giving, at
short intervals, powerful remedies whose influence is
short-lived. K. Tendon, a material derived from
the tail of Macropus giganteus, the great kangaroo. It
is used in surgery for ligatures. See Ligature.

Kanten i/wv'-Av/) [JaP-]- A variety of agar-agar, or
Japanese seaweed isinglass, used in the arts, and as
a food.

Kaolin [ka'-o-lin) [Chin., kaoling, "high ridge"].
White clay, China clay. The silicate of aluminum,
obtained from the decomposition of felspar. It is
sometimes used as a protective application in eczema.
K., Ung., I in 3, allays irritation if applied to abraded
skin. Unof.

Kaposi's Disease. See Atrophoderma pigmentosum , and
roderma pigmentosum ; also, />iseases, Table of. K.'s
Ointment, an ointment used in the treatment of sca-
bies. It consists of naphthol, 40 grains ; green-soap,
2.y2 drams ; prepared chalk, y2 dram; lard, ^ ounce.
It is also called the compound naphthol-ointment.

Kappeler's Method. See Anesthetic.

Karabic Acid (kar1 -ab-ic) . See Acid, Succinic.

Karakin [karf-ak-in) [N. Zeal., karakd\. A white
line body, apparently a glucosid, obtained from
the nuts of the karaka {fiorynocarpus Icevigata). It
is an intensely bitter, crystalline body, soluble in water,
alco 1 alkalies, insoluble in ether and chloro-

roform, and melts at ioo° C.

Kardio- [karr-de-o-\ See Cardio-.

Karlinski, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Table of. K., Proteus of. See Bacteria, Synonym-
atic Tabl

Kartulis, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table

KARY< (GAMIC

637

KATHODIC

Karyogamic {kar-e-o-gamf -ik) [napvov, nucleus; }duoc,
marriage]. Pertaining to tin- blending of nuclei, as
in reproduction.

Karyokinesis [kar-e-o-kin-e* '-sis) [napvov, a nut (nu-
cleus) ; Kivqaiq, movement, change]. A complicated
series of changes accompanying the maturation of the
ovum and the extrusion of the polar globule ; indirect
or nuclear cell-division, characterized by aradiati
rangement of the protoplasm immediately about the
" centrosome " and the "sphere of attraction" at
one pole, but outside of the nucleus, and following
the division of the "sphere of attraction" into two
halves of clear protoplasm; also, by changes in the
nucleoplasm, the chromatin becoming granular and

Ay \ By

Karyokinesis.
A. Nuclear reticulum, resting stage. B. Preparing for divi-
sion. C. Wreath stage. D. Monaster with achromatic
spindle E. Barrel or nithode stage, or metakinesis, i. c,
chromatin-fibrils traveling along the achromatic spindle
toward the poles F Diaster. G. Daughter-wreath stage.
H. Daughter-cells passing to resting-stage.

arranged as a transverse band or disc, while the achro-
matin is transformed into threads (karyomita), form-
ing a spindle-shaped structure {nuclear, spindle,
barrel- form, pi thos), stretching between the two astral
systems, or suns. The entire arrangement, central
disc, spindle, and the two suns, constitutes the so-
called amphiaster, or diaster, and, in connection with
the production of the polar globules, the archiamphias-
ter. The groups of the V-shaped chromatin-grains,
produced by the division of the central disc, are then
translated to the ends of the spindles, and form two
polar crowns (Carney's couronne polaire, the wreaths,
rosets, spirems) ; the spindle-threads break and are
drawn toward the polar crowns, and two daughter-nu-
clei result.

Karyokinetic (kar-e-o-kin-ct'-ik) [napvov, nucleus ;
tdvTfffig, motion]. In biology, applied to the active
stages of nuclei.

Karyolysis [kar-e-oV -is-is) [napvov, nucleus ; '/A-eiv, to
loose]. The segmentation of the nucleus of the cell.

Karyolytic (kar-e-o-litf-ik) [napvov, nucleus ; Xveiv, to
loose]. Relating to karyolysis.

Karyomita (kar-e-o'-tnit-ah i [napvov, nucleus ; uiroc, a
thread]. In biology, the achromatin-threads forming
the nuclear spindle in a dividing or active nucleus.

Karyomitoic [kar-e-o-mit-o1 '-ik) [napvov, nucleus ; u
a thread]. Relating to karyomitosis.

Karyomitoma {kar-e-o-mit-of-mak). See Cell-bodv.

Karyomiton ikar-e-om' '-it-on) . See Chromatin.

Karyomitosis [kar-e-o-mit-o' '-sis) [napvov, nucleus ;
i/iTnf, a thread]. The division or splitting ol
nuclear mass ^i i bromatin-fibers.

Karyomitotic (kar-e-o-mit-ot* -ik) [napvov, nucleus;
fiirog, a thread]. Relating to karyomitosis.

Karyoplasm [kar* -e-o-plazm) [napvov, a nut, kernel ;
-'/'im/ii, anything formed]. In biology, the nuclear
substance of a cell. See Chromatin.

Karyoplasma (kar-e-o-plaz' -mah). Same as Karyo-
plasm.

Karyosoma (kar-e-o-so' -mah) [napvov, nucleus ; ccjua,
a body, //., A'aryosomata]. A nuclear microsoma ;
a round body resembling a nucleolus, contained in the
segmentation-nucleus of the ovum.

Karyostasis (kar-e-os' -ta-sis) [napvov, nucleus; ara-
aic, a stoppage]. The resting-stage of nuclei of cells.
It is opposed to karyokinesis.

Karyostatic (kar-e-o-statf -ik) [napvov, nucleus ; ardaiq,
a stoppage]. Pertaining to karyostasis.

Karyostenosis (kar-e-o-ste-no' -sis) [napvov, a nucleus ;
crrevor, narrow ; gtev6eiv, to make narrow]. The sim-
ple division of the nucleus of a cell. This process
is called also akinetic, or direct division.

Kassu (kas'-oo) [E. Ind.]. A black astringent sub-
stance obtained from areca nuts, and used for the
same purpose as true catechu.

Kata- (kat'-ah-). For words thus beginning, and not
found under K., see Cata-.

Katabolergy (kat-ab-ol' -er-je) . See Cataboler

Katabolic (kat-ab-ol' -ik). See Catabolic. K. Nerves,
thermo-excitory, as distinguished from anabolic, or
thermo-inhibitory, nerves.

Katabolism (kat-abf -o-lizm). See Catabolism.

Katacrotic (kat-ak-rotf -ik). Same as Catadicrotic.

Katadicrotic (kat-ah-di-krotf -ik). See Catadicrotic.

Katadicrotism (kai-ad-ik' -rot-izm). See Catadicrotism.

Katadidymus [kat-ad-id' -im-us). See Catadidymus.

Katalepsy (kat'-al-ep-se). See Catalepsy.

Katalysis (kat-al'-is-is). See Cata I:

Katantostomus [kat-an-to-sto/-mus). See Catantosto-
mus.

Katanturaniscus (kat-a/i-tiir-an-is/-kus). See Catan-
tnraniscus.

Katanturanus (kat-an-ffir'-an-us). See Catantnranus.

Kataplasm (kat'-ap-lazm). See Poultice.

Katastate (ka/'-as-tdt). See Catastate.

Katatonia (kat-at-o' '-ne-ah). See Catatonia.

Katelectrotonic (kat-el-ek-tro-ton'-ik). See Catelectro-
tonic. K. Zone. See Zone.

Katelectrotonus (kat-e/-ek-trotf -o-nus). See Catelec-
trotonus.

Katharophore (kath-arf-o-for) [naBap6c, clean ; oopeeiv,
to carry]. An instrument for cleansing the urethra.

Katharsis (kath-ar'-sis). See Catharsis.

Kathetometer (kath-et-om' '-et-er) [nard, against ;
pov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the
level of fluids.

Kathion (kath'-e-on). See Cation.

Kathode (kath'-od) [nard, down; 686c, path]. The
negative pole of a galvanic battery.

Kathodic {kath-od'-ik) [Kara, down ; 666g, path].
Pertaining to the kathode or negative pole of a galvanic
battery. In biology, turned in the opposite direction to
that of the genetic spiral. K. Closure-contraction,
the muscular contraction occurring when the circuit
is closed with the rheophore on a motor point. K.
Opening-contraction, the muscular contraction that
occurs when the circuit is opened.

■

KERATECTASIA

K. Gum.

I

-

Kc

.nil)

In small and

I nof.

•r.il sub-

,)d. A

albumin

. >cles. laped b

iip]. I- i ting

pap-

A nutritious -ubstance

iws' milk pro-

K.-seed, a substance con-

i 'i kefyr. It

aim- kefyr. See Bacteria,

Operation , inOpera-

Keimplasma

-ctome

kim'-p
bud ; plasm].

itary transmission
■a that In- believes to be
■ >n without all

tumor ; ek, out ;

duced in-

nula, in order to obtain a

i I ; -ame

I . II . /.

i the dis-
ing from

■

nmi

\ the

iwer

-piece.

than tin- white. It is commonest in mid-
dle age ; its favorite sites are the sternum, shoulders,
and neck. Hie lesion is crab like in appearance,
hence its name. K. of Addison, forms contractions
'..in and fasi 1 a . giving a hide-bound 1« >< >k to the
part. It aris< :s spontaneously at the sitesof cicatrices
and other injuries to the -kin. See Diseases, Table of .

Kelology -°-Je) [*^^9i hernia; "Kbyog, science].

I'll, of hernias.

Kelotomy i me). See Celotomy and Herttio-

/i'.

Kelp [origin obscure]. I. Burnt sea- weed, from which
iodin i> obtained. 2. The Fucacea laminarice and
other I ds.

Kelvin vin) [in honor of Lord Kelvin], A com-

mercial unit. 'i electricity; one thousand wait hours.

Kemperdick's Apparatus. An apparatus for reducing
the temperature in fever. It consists of a rubber bag
to be introduced into the rectum having an entrance-
tube and an exit-tube, thus permitting a continuous flow
. if water.

Kempherid 1 r-id) [after Kcempfer, a < German

traveler], ' , 1 1 , ,' >,.,. A yellow, crystalline body ob-
tained from tin- resin of Kctmpferia galanga.

Kenogenesis [ken-o-jen1 -es-is) [/cewJc, empty; ytveoig,
genesis]. Evolution of forms riot true to the parental
type, but variously adapted or modified. A vitiated
individual development in which the phylogenetic evo-
lution is not ttuly epitomized.

Kenogenetic [ken-o-jen-ef '-ik) \ksv6q, empty; ytveaic,
generation]. In biology, having a vitiated germ-
history.

Kenogeny [ken-ojf-en-e). See Kenogenesis.

Kenophobia [ken-o-fo' -be-ah) [wivjf, empty; ■
fear]. The morbid fear of open spaces or places.
Same as Agoraphobia.

Kenosis [ken- o' -sis). See Cenosis.

Kenospudia [ken-o-spu' '-de-ah). See Cenospudia.

Kentish Ointment. The compound resin-ointment
made by adding one dram of turpentine to each ounce
of the ordinary resin-ointment. It is a useful stimulat-
ing application to severe burns.

Kentrokinesis \ ken-fro- kin-e' '-sis) [nivrpov, center, spur ;
. motion]. The influence of any motor nerve-
center ; excito-motor action.

Kentucky Coffee-bean. See Chicot.

Kephalic [kef-al'-ik) \Kztytikii, head] . See Cephalic. K.
Acid. An acid described by Thudichum as existing in
brain -tissue.

Kephalin [keff-al-in). See Cephalin.

Kephalograph [kef'-al-o-graf). See Cephalograph.

Kephalometer [kef-al-om/-et-er). See Cephalometer.

Kephalo-phosphoric Acid [kef,-al-o-fos-for,-ik). See
•'.

Kephalyl (ke//-al-ii) [/>foa///, head ; vfaj, matter, prin-
ciple]. The radicle of kephalic acid.

Kephyr - Kefyr.

Keracele horn ; «>)>//, tumor]. A

horny tumor on the hoof of horses-

Keraphyllocele 1 ' el) [nepac , horn ; t/AXkov,
leal . tumor]. A horny growth between the
, 1 1 and the deeper tis

Keraphyllous I r/-us) [i<ipac, horn; <m'/'/<>v,

d of homy layi

Kerasene. or Kerasin (/■ r' as in or ker'-as-in) [/.
horn], ( „;1 1.,, X< >.,. A nitrogenous substance; one
of the cerebrins obtained from brain substance.

Keratalgia [ker-at-al' '-je-ah) \jttpag, cornea; aXyoc,
pain]. Pain in the cornea.

Keratectasia [ker-at-ek-ta/-se-ah ) [icipag, horn, cornea;

nsion]. The forward protrusion or bulging

off 1 A bulging forward of the deeper layers

KERATECTOMY

639

KERATODERMATITIS

of the cornea, after 1"-- of the -uj ><rt"icial lamina. It
differs from staphyloma in the absence of perforation,
and in the non-invoh ement of the iris.

Keratectomy [ker-at-ek' '-to-me) [ pag, horn, cornea ;
EKTOfif], a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a part of
the cornea.

Keratiasis [ker-at-i' '-as-is) [/c£pac, horn], A morbid
condition characterized by the growth oi horny excres-
cences.

Keratic [ker-at' ik) [/cepac, horn]. Horny.

Keratin [ker' '-at-in) [/e£pac, hornj. The basis of horny
tissues, hair, nails, feathers, etc. It is a mixture of
various complex substances. Decomposed, it yields
leucin and tyrosin. It is used in pharmacy.

Keratinian {ker-at-in'-e-an) \jdpag, horn]. Relating
to keratin or to the cornea.

Keratinization [ker-at-in-iz-a'-skun) [icipag, horn].
i. The development of a horny quality in a dssue.
2. The coating of pills with keratin.

Keratitis {ker-at-i' '-tis) [<■ rnea ; ing, inflamma-

tion]. Inflammation of the cornea. K., Asthenic.
See A", Phlyctenular. K., Astigmatic, a form of
keratitis said to be due to uncorrected astigmatism. K.
bullosa, the formation of large or small blebs upon
the cornea of an eye, the seat of iridocyclitis, inter-
stitial keratitis, or glaucoma. K., Circumscribed,
limited to a part of the cornea. K. contagiosa, a
contagious, suppurative variety occurring in cattle.
K., Cretaceous, a calcareous infiltration of the cor-
neal epithelium. K., Deep. See A", profunda.
K., Diffuse. See JC., Interstitial. K., Dotted. See
K. punctata. K., Fascicular, a form of phlyctenular
keratitis in which one of the ulcers, originally formed
at the margin of the cornea, creeps across its sur-
face, followed by a leash of distended blood-vessels.
K., Granular, due to conjunctival granulations ;
pannus. K., Herpetic, characterized by the forma-
tion of small vesicles on the cornea, which ulcerate
and then heal. Relapses are common. K., Hypo-
pyon, an ulcerative form accompanied by the forma-
tion of pus in the anterior chamber. K., Inherited.
See A'., Interstitial. K., Interstitial, a form of
keratitis in which the entire cornea is invested with a
diffuse haziness, almost completely hiding the iris.
The surface of the cornea presents a ground-glass
appearance. Later, from ciliary injection, blood-ves-
sels form in the superficial layers of the cornea, and
produce a dull-red color, the " salmon patch " of
Hutchinson. The entire cornea may become cherry-
red. The disease is most frequent between the ages
of five and fifteen, and occurs in syphilitic individ-
uals. K. maculosa. See A', superficialis punc-
tata. K., Marginal, a form of phlyctenular keratitis
in which the phlyctenules are arranged around the
margin of the cornea. K. marginalis, a rare form
of keratitis that must not be confounded with the
marginal form of phlyctenular keratitis. It occurs in
elderly people, and consists of a yellowish-gray zone
of opacity immediately joining the sclera, which pushes
into the clear cornea and occupies about one-half the
circumference. K. neuroparalytica, keratitis fol-
lowing paralysis of the fifth nerve. It does not
usually occur in partial paralysis of the nerve. Its
cause is loss of trophic influence, aided by mechanical
irritation and drying of the cornea. K. of Reapers,
a traumatic form due to irritation of the corneas of
reapers by beards of grain. K. pannosa, a superfi-
cial form in which blood-vessels develop beneath and
in the epithelium. The latter undergoes hyperplasia
and becomes in part opaque. K., Parenchymatous.
See A", Interstitial. K., Phlegmonous. See K.
purulenta. K., Phlyctenular, a disease of the eye

characterized by the formation upon some portion of
the cornea of .-.mall papules or pustules, often asso-
ciated with the formation of a similar lesion upon the
ijunctiva. It is marked by much local congestion,
lacrymation, and intense photophobia. The papules
maj p into ulcers. K. profunda, an unusual

form ol keratitis characterized by the formation of a
gray opacity in the (inter of the coi rered by

superficial and stippled corneal layers. K. punctata.
I. tion of (lie cornea in association

with affections of the iris, choroid, and vitreous. It is
characterized by the formation of opaque dots, gener-
ally arranged in a triangular manner upon the poste-
rior ela-tic lamina of the cornea. It is sometimes des-
ignated as Descemetitis. 2. Also a term given to an
inflammatory affection of the cornea in which isolated
white spots appear in Descemet's membrane, sur-
rounded by cloud\ area-. It oci urs in children before
pul" I is probably syphilitic. K. purulenta,

accompanied by the formation of pus. K., Pustular.
See A'., Phlyctenular. K., Rheumatic, occurring in a
rheumatic subject. K., Ribbon-like, a nam.- applied
to the formation of a transverse calcareous film on "the
cornea, especially in elderly people. It is usually
symmetric, and occurs chiefly in men of the gouty
diathesis. K. scrofulosa. See K., Interstitial. K.,
Secondary, due to disease of other parts. K., Spe-
cific. See A", Interstitial. K., Strumous. Sw A'.,
Phlyctenular, and A'., Interstitial. K. subepithelial
centralis. See A', superficialis punctata. K. su-
perficialis punctata, a disease of the cornea a
ciated with severe conjunctivitis and with catarrh of the
respiratory tract. In two or three days punctiform or
linear spots appear immediately beneath the epithe-
lium, the overlying conjunctiva being slightly hazy. It
is also called A", subepithelialis centralis, and A", macu-
losa. K. suppurativa. See A", purulenta. K.,
Sympathetic, that following inflammation of the
other eye. K., Syphilitic. See A", Interstitial.
K. taenulosa. See A'., Phlyctenular. K., Trach-
omatous. See Pannus. K., Traumatic, that conse-
quent upon wounds or other injury of the cornea. K.
ulcerosa, a form in which one or more ulcers involv-
ing part of the cornea are present. K. variolosa, that
occurring in smallpox. It is purulent and often arises
from a corneal pustule. K., Vascular, a superficial
vascularity of the cornea occurring in pannus, etc.
K., Vesicular. See A", Phlyctenular.

Keratocele [ker' -at-o-sel) \jdpag, cornea; hi/'///, tumor].
A hernia of Descemet's membrane through the cornea.

Keratochromatosis [ker-at-o-kro-mat-o' -sis) [a
horn; ^pty/a, color]. Discoloration of the cornea.

Kerato-conjunctivitis [ker* ' -at-o-kon-junk-tiv-i* '-tis)
[xlpac, horn, cornea ; conjnnctivus , connecting ; n .
inflammation]. Simultaneous inflammation of the
cornea and the conjunctiva.

Kerato-conometer [ker-at-o-ko-nom'-et-er) [/ccpac,
cornea; Kuvog, cone; u teasure]. An instru-

ment for estimating astigmatism by the images reflected
from the cornea.

Keratoconus {ker-at-o-ko* -nus). See Keratoglobus.

Keratode [ker' -at-od) [i&pag, horn; eldog, like]. The
horny substance composing the skeleton of certain
sponges.

Keratodeocele {ker-at-od' '-e-o-sit). See Keratocele.

Keratodeonyxis [ker-at-od-e-o-niks/-is). See Kerat-
onyxis.

Keratoderma (ker-at-o-dcr' '-mah) Vicipag, horn ; Aepfia,
skin]. I. The cornea. 2. A horny condition of the skin.

Keratodermatitis [ker-at-o-der-mat-i'-tis) \japag, horn ;
. -kin ; trtg, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the keratoderma; keratitis.

Kl

640

KERAl NONEUROSIS

ele

Kc:

K

.
K erythematosa sym-
. in w bicb the
■

. hom ;
\ .• nip ol in-

rmation of homy

K. Membrane, tliat the skin or

. and

n i; /'i/s,
usion of tin- cornea.
me distended in so

nt closure of the

uphthalmos. When the dis-

ar, and cone-shaped, the

uea, it is

\\ hen the pro-

with synechia of the

i anterior

n the fluids of tlie

■nl uniform ei tasia, it is

ement of tlie cornea

itogloss': .Tffn,

v

urring in granules in
granules are in-
■ ■ . and are present
te cells.

, like].

. inflammation of

itoleukoma i , horn ;

matal. A leukoma

h .in ; //>,,, solu-

nd rare condition

. is

■■ like

. horn ; '/rr.n , solu-

tumor:
1 nital

rneal

'ting].

■ 1 for

■

Keratomycosis (ker-at-o-mi-kof-sis) [/c£pac, cornea;

«u'/, fungus]. A fungoid growth of the cornea,

the diseased condition therewith associated.

K. aspergillina, a form characterized by the presence
us.

Keratoncus [ker-at-ong' -kus) [/c£pac, horn ; byiooQ, a
tumor ]. An\- horny tumor.

Keratonosis (ker-at-t See Kerat

Keratonyxis (ker-at-o-niks' -is) [icipag, cornea; ■■
needling]. Tlie needling of a soft cataract by punc-
ture through the cornea; also, the old operation of
couching a cataract with the needle

Keratoplasia (ker-at-o-pla' '-ze-ah) [itipag, horn ; ~'/an-
. to form]. The reparative renewal of the horny
layer of the skin.

Keratoplasty (ker-at-o-pla s' '-tilt) [nipag, horn ; rr/.aari-
rmed]. Pertaining to keratoplasty.

Keratoplasty (ker' -at-o-plas-te) [w'/wf, cornea; ir'kao-
oetr. to t. nil]. Plastic operation upon the cornea,
especially the transplantation of a button or excised
portion of cornea fromthe eye of a lower animal to that
of man. This is effected by means of a peculiar
trephine, with which the tissue to be transplanted is
removed from the animal's eye and the place for its
ption is made in the human eye. The operation
is sometimes called trephining the cornea.

Keratorrhexis (ker-at-or-eks' '-is) Txkpag, horn; /
rupture]. Rupture of the cornea, due to ulceration or
traumatism.

Keratoscleritis (ker-at-o-skle-ri*-tis) [ntpac, cornea ;
<jK/r//)6c, hard ; int. inflammation]. Inflammation of
the cornea and the sclera.

Keratoscope (kerf-at o-skop) [«/p«f , cornea ; ononeiv,
b< observe]. An instrument for examining the cornea,
and toting the symmetry of its meridians of curvature.

Keratoscopy (ker-at-o | \jdpaq, cornea; oko

to observe]. Examination of the cornea. See Rttiu-
oscopy.

Keratose [ker/ -at-os) \jdpag, horn] Horny.

Keratosis (ker-at-o' -sis') [nipac, horn; rocroc, disease].
Any one of a class of skin-diseases characterized by
thickened epidermis, and the presenceof such callosities
as horns, wart-, etc. Sec Callosity. K. follicularis.
See Darter's Disease. K. obturans, a condition of the
external auditory meatus due to desquamation of the
epithelium, the mass being colored by cerumen and
containing cholesterin-crystals. K. pilaris, Lichen
pilaris; Lichen spinulosus ; Pityriasis pilaris ; a chronic
affei i ion of the skin marked by a pin head sized coni-
cal elevation investing the hair follicle, and somewhat
resembling gooscllesh and ichthyosis. The skin be-
comes dry and hard, and feels like a nutmeg-grater.
The disease appears in workingmen who are uncleanly,
anil in scrofulous children, and it occurs chiefly on the
thighs, arms, and forearms. K. senilis, a cornifka-
tion of the skin of old people, general or partial, cir-
cumscribed or diffuse, and often limited to certain defi
nite regions, as the face and dorsal surfaces of the
hands and feet. The lesions consist of light or dark
yellowish, brownish, or blackish points, dry, scaling.
and horny, or scaling and greasy. These may becomr
the seat of an epitheliomatous process.

Keratotome (ker> '-at-o-tom). See Keratome.

Keratotomy (ker-at-of '-o-me) [idpag, cornea ; ri/ivetv,
ut]. Surgical im ision of the cornea.

Keraunographic (ker-aw no raf-ik) [xtpavvoc, light-
ning; ypdipetv, to writ.]. Pertaining to the pictorial
impressions of near objects sometimes seen upon tin-
body ,,l a person who has been struck by lightning.

Keraunoneurosis (ker-aw-no im-nZ-sis) [wy>aw<5c,
lightning; vevpov, nerve ; vdoog, disease]. Nervous
disease due to lightning-stroke.

KERAUNOI'IIOIJI \

641

KIDNEY

Keraunophobia (ker-aw-no-fof -be-a!i) [icepawdg, light-
ning ; $6f3os, dread]. Morbid dread "1" lightning ;
astrapaphobia.

Kerectasia [ker-ek-ta/-se-ah). See Keratectasia.

Kerectomy [ker-ek' '-to-me). See Keratectomy.

Kerion, or Kerium [ke'-re-on or ke' -re-urn) [tajpiov,
honey-comb favus]. Same as /■'nuts.

Kerkring, Valves of. See / 'alve.

Kermes [ker'-miz) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson], A red
dye-stuff, made up of the dried females of Coccus ■
an insect not unlike cochineal, found on oak tl
in the Orient. K. Mineral, a mixture of the teroxid
and tersulphid of antimony, formerly much used in
medicine. It is also called red antimony.

Kermesine [kerf met in) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson].
Pertaining to kermes.

Kermesite {kerf -miz-tt) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. The
native oxysulphid of antimony.

Kermisin [kerf -miz-in) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson].
Carmin-red.

Kernel [ker'-nel) [ME., kirnel, a little corn or grain].
I. 'The popular name for the pancreas or sweetbread
of animals. 2. The bundle of fat on the fore-shoulder ;
any swelling or mass of flesh. 3. A nucleus. 4. In
the plural, a popular term for enlarged lymphatic
glands. 5- In biology, the edible portion of a drupe or
an entire seed.

Keroid [ker'-oid) \jckpaq, horn ; elSog, like]. Horny.

Kerosene (ker'-o-seii). See Burning oil.

Kerosolene {ker* '-o-so-lBn) \jtrip6q, wax; oleum, oil].
A colorless, volatile liquid distilled from coal-oil. It
boils at 580 C. and has been used as a local anesthetic.
Unof.

Kessel's Operation. See Opera/ions, 'fable of.

Ketin (ket'-in), t't.ll.X,. I. An oily substance, boil-
ing between I700 and 1800 C. 2. A member of a ho-
mologous series, CnII.,n — 4N?, produced by the action
of sodium (or tin) and hydrochloric acid on nitroso-
acetone and its homologues. Diethylketin, C10Hlg-
N2, is an oily substance, boiling at from 2150 to 21 70
C. ; it is formed by the reduction of nitrosoethyl-
acetone. Dimethylketin is a crystalline solid,
soluble in ether, fusing at 87° C, and produced by
the reduction of nitrosomethylacetone. Dipropyl-
ketin, C^H^X.,. is an oily substance, boiling between
2350 and 2400 C, atid formed in the reduction of
nitrosopropylacetone.

Ketols (ke'-tolz). In chemistry, ketone-alcohols, con-
taining both the ketone and alcohol groiij

Ketone [ke'-ton) [an arbitrary variation of acetone"]. In
chemistry, an organic compound consisting of the
unsaturated radicle =C=0 united to two alcohol
radicles. It may be considered as a derivative of
secondary alcohols, bearing the same relation to them
as the aldehyds bear to the primary alcohols. The
ketones are compounds in which two hydrogen atoms
of an intermediate carbon atom are replaced by one
atom of oxygen. They arr generally volatile liquids,
of ethereal odor, insoluble in water. They are the
products of the oxidation of the secondary alcohols,
or of the union of carboxyl, CO, with two alkyl
atoms.

Ketonic (Jie-ton'-ik) [ketone]. Pertaining to ketone.

Ketoses (ke-to/-ses). In chemistry, a generic name
applied to the ketone alcohols. O Mil, .OH.

Ketoxims [ke-toks' -imz) . Same a-- Acetoxims.

Kettle {kef -I) [ME., ketel, a kettle]. A vessel made of
metal, used for heating liquids. K., Bronchitis. See
K., Croup. K., Croup, a contrivance for the inhala-
tion of heated moist air, which may be medicated.
Shaw's croup-kettle consists of an alcohol-lamp and a
vessel fitted with a long tube, by means of which the
41

steam is directed downward when the mouth-piece is
introduced far back into the mouth.

Key [ke) [ME., keye, key]. An instrument for opening
or fastening a lock. K. -forceps, Elliot's ; two in-
struments are so called, the one having I 1 for-
ceps and the handle of a key, for the extraction of
teeth ; the other is designed for the extraction of 1
of teeth thai 1 but one side above the alveolus.
They are now but little used. K. of Garengeot, an
instrument for the extraction of teeth, composed of a
shank with a movable clasp and a cross-bar. 1 he
clasp is applied t<> the inner -urface of the tooth, and
the extraction is accomplished by turning the handle.
K., Tooth. See A", of Garengeot.

Key and Retzius, Foramina of. Two foramina at
the extremities of the lateral recesses of the fourth
ventricle behind the upper roots of the glossopharyn-
geal nerves. They connect the cisterna magna witli
the fourth ventricle.

Kiafer [ki'-af-er). See Kefir.

Kibbie's Method. See Treatment, Methods of.

Kibe (kid). See Chilblain.

Kidinga pepo [kid-inf-gah pe'-po) [African]. A name
applied in Zanzibar to a disease resembling dengue.

Kidney [kidf-ne) [ME., kid, the belly; nere, kidney].
One of the two large glandular organs situated in the
upper and posterior portion of the abdominal cavity,

Longitudinal Section through the Kidney.
■>ii, after Henle.)

2". Boundary layer of medulla. 2'. Papillary portion of me-
dulla. 3,3. Transverse section of tubules in boundary layer.
4. Fat of renal sinus. *. Transversely coursing medullary
rays. <s, 5. Artery. 1". Labyrinth. 1'. Medullary rays.
2. Medulla. 1. Cortex. C. Renal calyx. U. Ureter.
A. Branch of renal artery.

and especially concerned in the elimination or excre-
tion of water and nitrogenous matter. It consists

KIDNEY

the
K . A chin)

Amyloid, that
rotic, the

i I ly

K., Bright's Disease
K.. Calices oi welve

K.,Cica-
1 kid-
in of th

^N.

w

. IMI Hl.OOD-

i he Kidney.

I, the lower half to

low n

left. The

' branches to the

leruli,

nd by thi

K., Cir-
K..

I

K., Fatty, one the

K.. Floating,
rable

.. v. K., Granular. Same as A'. ,

K., Head, the pronephron.

K.. Hilum of. See Hilum. K., Hobnail. Same

K., Horseshoe, a con-
dtal deformity in which the two kidneys are joined

nerally at the lower, but occasionally at
lecting band, composed either

: substance or of linn fibrous tissue. K.,
Lardaceous. Same as A., Amyloid, a. v. K.,
Large Mottled, that of parenchymatous nephritis,
mottled with gray patches. K., Large Red, the
kid: Bright's Disease extravasated with blood.

K., Large White, one affected with lardaceous de-
generation ; also, that of the advanced stage of
chronic parenchymatous nephritis. K., Microcystic,
one containing many small cysts. K., Movable.

iting. K. of Pregnancy, is described as
an anemic kidney with fatty infiltration of the epithelial
cells, but without any acute or chronic inflamma-
tion, occurring in pregnant women. It is possibly due
to a diminution of the blood-supply from tonic con-
traction of the renal arteries, produced by the pres-
ence of effete matter in the blood. Albumin is found
in the urine. K., Palpable. See A'., Floating. K.,
Pelvis of, the funnel-shaped expansion or dilated
portion of the ureter formed by the junction of the
infundibula. K., Pigback, a name proposed for the
large congested kidney found in alcoholics. K. -plant,
the Baccharis pilUlaris. K., Primordial, the meso-

Bowman's Capsule and Glomerulus.
(/. Vas afferens. e Vas efferens. c Capillary network of the
cortex, k. Endothelium of the capsule, h. Origin of a con-
voluted tubule. (Landois.)

nephron. K., Red Contracted. Same as A '. , Arterio-
sclerotic, q. 7 . K.-root, the root and lower part of the
stem of Baccharis pilularis ; used in cystitis. Unof.
K., Scrofulous, one affected with tuberculous dis

e, in which the kidney-substance is largely de-

pyed, nothing being left but a sac with thickened
fibrous walls, filled with a yellow creamy or putty-like
material containing fatty masses, cholesterin, tubercu-
lous debris, and occasionally calcareous matter. K.,
Sigmoid, a congenital anomaly intermediate between
the horseshoe form and complete fusion. K., Small
Red Granular. Same as A'., Arteriosclerotic t q. v.
K., Small White, the final stage of the large white

kidney after loss of its substanci i t atrophy or de

ion. K., Spotted. Same as A". Large Mot-

i. K., Surgical, a name sometimes given to pyelo-

n distention of the kidney attended with

inflammation, abscesses of the cortex, anil retention

urine mixed with fetid pus. K., Syphilitic,
on< ither gummata oi resulting scars.

KIES1 i\l

643

KINO

K., Unsymmetric, a ten □ by Rokitansky to a

kidney that is norma] in position and conformation,
though occasionally rather enlarged, its fellow being

it. K., Wandering. See A'., Floating, K.,
Waxy. Same as A., Amyloid. K.-worm.
Thread-worms and Parasites [Animal), /

Kiestine (ki-es'-tin). See Gravidin. K. Test.
Gravidin Test.

Kif [African]. An Algerian mixture, the principal
ingredient of which is Cannabis indica. Also, the
dreamy state induced by the use of hashish.

Kilian's Line. Sec Lines, TabU of. K.'s Pelvis, a
halisteretic pelvis ; a pelvis the seat "I osteomalacia.

Killosis (kil-of-sis). m of Strabismus.

Kilogram (kiV -o-gram) [)'/»", one thousand ;

a gram]. One thousand grams, or 2.2 pounds avoir-
dupois.

Kilogrammeter (kil' '-o-gram-Bt* '-er) [ \i'/mi, one thou
sand; ; i . gram; asure]. A term

denoting the energy required to raise one kilogram
one meter in height; equivalent 107.233 foot-pound.-.

Kiloliter (kil'-o-le-ter) [\i'/i»i, thousand; Xirpa, a
liter]. One thousand liters, or 35.3 1 cubic feet.

Kilometer (kilf -o-me-ter) \yDuol, thousand;

measure]. One thousand meter-, or 1093. 6 yards.

Kilostere (kil'-o-ster) | 01, thousand; arep
solid]. One thousand cubic meters.

Kilowatt [kil'-o-wot) [ \i'/iot, thousand ; watf\. One
thousand watts of electricity ; same as the kelvin.

Kin [ME., kin, kin]. Race; family; breed; kind;
relationship.

Kina, or Kino-kina (ki'-nah or ki'-no-ki'-nah). Cin-
chona bark, q. v.

Kinaesthesia [kin-es-the/-ze-ah). See Kinesthesia.

Kincough, or Kinkcough (kin'-kof or king'-kof).
Synonym of Whooping-cough.

Kinematic [kin-em-atf -ik) [Kivripa, a motion]. Pertain-
ing to Kinematics.

Kinematics (kin-em-atf -iks) [idimpa, a motion] . The
science of motion without reference to its origin or
effects.

Kinepock (kin'-pok). Synonym of Vaccinia, </. 7:

Kinesalgia (kin-es-al/-je-ah) [/aw/aig, movement;
ttkyog, pain]. Local pain following upon muscular
contraction.

Kinesia (kin-e' \-ze-ah) [niimoig, movement]. Move-
ment-cure ; systematic use of motion for therapeutic
or hygienic purposes.

Kinesiatric (kin-es-e-at* -rik) [k/w/oyc, movement ; lar-
piKor, therapeutic]. Relating to kinesitherapy.

Kinesiatrics (kin-es-e-at'-riks). Same as Kinesitherapy.

Kinesic (kin-ez'-ik). See Kinetic.

Kinesiesthesiometer (kin - ez - e - es - the - ze-om' -et-er)
[Kivqaig, movement ; aiodr/aig, perception ; pirpov,
measure]. An instrument devised by I titzig for testing
the muscular-sense. It consists of seventeen wooden
balls of the same diameter, but of different weights.

Kinesiology (kin-es-e-ol' -o-je\ [idviioig, motion ; /
discourse]. The science of movements, considered
especially as therapeutic or hygienic agencies.

Kinesiometer (kin-es-e-om/ -et-er) \jdv^aig, motion;
perpov, measure]. An instrument for determining
quantitatively the motion of a part.

Kinesioneurosis (kin-es-e-o-nu-ro' '-sis) \juvrioig, move-
ment; vevpov, a nerve; icrnr, disease]. functional
abnormalism of the motor centers or nerves.

Kinesionosos (kin-es-e-on' '-o-sos) \idvT)oig, movement;
wSffoc, disease]. Any disease marked by impairment
of the power of motion.

Kinesiotherapy (kin-es-e-o-ther1 '-ap-e) [nivr/aig, move-
ment; Btpa-xtzia, therapy]. The treatment of disease
by systematic active or passive movement-.

Kinesipathic (kin-es-ip-ath' -ik) ition ;

-"' ase]. Pertaining to kinesipath

Kinesipathist (kin

• )ne who practises the gymni

treatment oi
Kinesipathy (kin-es-ip/ -ath-e) [luvrjaig , m

disease]. 1. Kinesionosos. 2. (Incorrectly) kini

therapy.

Kinesis [kin \ loug, motion]. The gen

term for all the physical forms of energy, a I to

Metakin, • . a I uded to express the psycho-

logic exhibition of coordinates <.r • orrelati - <•! kim
According to a monistic conception of the univi
both are the double aspects of one underlying reality.

Kinesitherapy (kin-es-e-ther1 '-ap-e] \1dvr1aug, motion ;
ire, cure]. See . ements.

Kinesodic (kin es-od'-ik) [jdv^acg, motion ; 666g, way].
Pertaining to those nerve-liber- conveying motor in-
fluences. Also, the motor tracts of the nerve-system.

Kinesotherapy (kin-es-o-ther'-ap-e). .Same as Kinesi-
therapy.

Kinesthesia kin-ez-tlie' -ze-ah). Same as Kines thesis.

Kinesthesis (fcin-es-tke'-sis) \javieiv, to move ; alad^oic,
sensation]. That quality of sensations whereby one
is aware of one's positions and movements, especially
those of the automatic type ; it is distinct from the
muscular sense.

Kinesthetic (kin-es-thet1 '-ik) [icivieiv, to move ; aicfhjatg,
sensation.] Relating to kinesthesia.

Kinetia (kin-e' -she-ah) \jdvijaig, motion]. A term ap-
plied to all forms of motion-sickness. It includes such
disorders as sea-sickness and car-sickness.

Kinetic (kin-et'-ik) \KivrfTix.6g, producing motion]. That
which produces motion. Pertaining to those forces
that produce motion.

Kinetics (kin-et' -iks) [Kirr/riKoc, producing motion].
The science of force as developing motion.

Kinetogenesis ykin-et-o-jen'-es-is) \klvzIv, to move ;
yiveaig, origin]. In biology, the origin of animal
>tructures, either directly or indirectly through move-
ments.

Kinetogenetic [kin-et-o-jen-ef '-ik) [/rivr/aig, motion ;
>8(Tig, genesis]. Of the nature of or pertaining to
kinetogenesis.

Kinetogenetically [kin-et-o-jen-ef '-ik-al-e) \juv£iv, to
move; ytveaig, production]. In biology, originating
through movement.

Kinetogeny [kin-et-oj' '-en-e) \_Kivqr6g, verbal adj. of
Kivelv, to move ; . producing]. In biology, ap-

plied to the agency of that energy developed in the
motions of organi-m-. and their parts, in the modifica-
tion of the forms and proportions of their hard parts.

King's Blue. Same as Smalts. K.'s Evil, a name
formerly popularly applied to scrofula, on account of a
belief that it could be cured by the touch of the king.
K.'s Yellow. See Orpiment, and Pigments, Con-
spectus

Kinic Acid [kinf-ik). See Acid, Quinic.

Kink (kingk) [D. , kinken, cough]. 1. The whoop in
whooping-cough. 2. A synonym of whooping-cough.
3. A flexion or a twist. K. -cough, a synonym of
whooping-cough. K.-host, a synonym of whooping-
cough. See Pertussis.

Kino (ki'-no) [E. Ind.]. The inspissated juice of
Pterocarpus marsupium, found in India, and similar
in action to tannic acid ; it is used mainly as a constit-
uent of gargles and diarrhea-mixtures. K., Tinct.,
10 per cent, of the drug. Dose x\\— :jij. K., Pulv.,
Comp. (B.P.), kino 15, opium I, cinnamon 4. Dose
gr. v-xx. Various similar substances are called by
this name. K., Jamaica, is produced by the I
Coccoloba unifera. See Coccoloba. K., Australian, i-

KIN II'

>.ll

KNIES AND WEBER'S THEORY

K.. Butea,

K

und in ki

the

and

cutting],
r divid-

inn.

ting sul-

• I iron

K.'s Lines.

criment - ntum mira-

. K. Micrococcus of S nymatic

Cerate. A 1 of lead-

. i rinegar, each 8

; t. It is ased in the

-y Green. - forth Gt

[( ler.l. A spiritous liquor
: land by the distilla-
te odor
. nd is i |ual
it is called, also,

V. '■' (s of.

Muscle

ingsalts
n. K. Water, a
iria.

i ntrolling uterine
otton to a
tail.
[Jap.]. A Japai

im, in which
r child i 1 inr-

iture

ma.
'■'

I

'admium, q. ?>.
■

tion

I '-shun) [l

■

'

'

ly internuncio] function. K.'s Hematoxylin
Solutions. See Stains, Table of.

Kleinhovia [klin \h) [after Kleinhof, director of

the Botanic Gardens at Batavia, Java]. A genus of

uliaceous trees. K. hospita, a plant beloi
ing to the Helii , found in the islands of the

Indian ( Uean. The leaves have been used to darken
the cornea; their juice causes itching. L'nof.

Kleistian Jar [ktls/ -te-an). Sam ■ n Jar.

Klemperer's Method. A method of ascertaining the
condition of gastric peristalsis. It consists in the in-
troduction, by the tube, into the empt\ stomach of ioo
grams of olive-oil, and removing by aspirating with
water what remains after two hours. As oil is not
I from the stomach, the difference between
the amount introduced and that withdrawn indicates
the activity of gastric peristalsis. The oil is taken up
from die water with ether, and the ethereal solution
placed in a bulb, the weight of which is known.
The weight of the oil is calculated after evaporation of
the ether.

Kleptomania (klep-to-ma' '-ne-ah) VkMitteiv, to steal ;
fiavch, madness]. A form of emotional insanity mani-
fested by a morbid desire to commit theft. It is
sometimes accompanied by impaired intellect, and is
often hereditary.

Kleptophobia [klep-to-fo* -be-ah) [K/.i-rtn-, to steal ;
if, fear]. A morbid dread of thieves.

Klopemania (klop-e-ma' -ne-ah) \_k7.o-ij, theft; /xavia,
madness]. Same as Kleptomania.

Klopsophobia Mtlop-so-fo'-be-aA) [n/.uf, thief; <p6ftoc,
fear] . I nsane dread of thieves. Same as Kleptophobia.

Klumene [klu'-mlri). Same as./

Knapp's Reagent. A reagent for the detection of
sugar in the urine. It consists of cyanid of mercury
and an alkali.

Knapweed {nap,-wSd\. See Centaur ea.

Kneading [ne'-ding) [ME., kneden, to knead]. The
same as Pitrissage, q. v. See also Malaxation.

Knee [ne) [ME. , kne, knee]. The articulation between
the femur and the tibia. See also Genu. K. -aching
Disorder. Synonym of Dun,. K. -cap, the pa-
tella. K. -chest Position. Set Postures, Table of. K.
of Corpus Callosum, the anterior extremity of the cor-
pus callosum. See Genu. K. -elbow Position. See
Postun . Table of. K. of Facial Nerve, the point
at which the nucleus of its origin winds around that
of the abducens nerve. K., Housemaid's. See
scess, Bursal. K., Hysteric, a painful functional
lion of the knee-joint in hysteria. K., In. See
Genu valgum. K. of Internal Capsule, the angle of
junction of tin- anterior and posterior limbs of the in-
terna] capsule. K.-jerk, Patellar Tendon-reflex.
K. -reflex, or K. -phenomenon, a retraction of the
quadriceps extensor femoris muscle as a result of a
light blow on the patellar tendon. See also Reflex
Table of. K. -joint, a hinge-joint consisting of the
articulation of the condj les of the femur with the upper
remity of the tibia and the posterior surface of the
I la. K. -joint Disease. See White Swelling.
K., Knock. See Genu. K., Lawn-tennis, an af-
irring in tennis-players, probably due to
a contusion or laceration of the internal semilunar
tilage. K., Out. See Genu varum. K. -pan, the

Kneel (nil) [ME., knelen, to kneel]. To rest upon
the kn<

Kneeling [nel'-ing) [ME., knelen, to kneel]. I
ing upon the knees. K. -squatting Position.
Table of.

Knies and Weber's Theory. A theory as to the ori-
gin of glaucoma. It claims that glaucoma is due to

KMI I.

u-ir>

KOCH'S AI'l'ARAl 1 S

retention of an excess of fluid in the eye, from closure
of the canal leading through the pectinate ligament
into Schlemm's canal.

Knife (nif) [ME., knif, knife]. An instrument for
cutting. In surgery, knives are oi various shapes and
sizes, according to their use. K. -needle, a needle
with a cutting e< 1 li-cission of cataracts.

Knitter's Cramp (nit'-erz kramp). See C amp.

Knitting {nit'-ing) [ME., knit ten, to knit]. The
union and becoming rigid of a fracture.

Knob («i'A) [ME. , knobbe, a knob]. A protuberance.
K.-root. See Collinsonia canadensis.

Knock-knee [nok'-ne). See Genu valgum.

Knoppern [knop'-ern) [Ger.]. Galls from immature
acorns of several species of oak, largely used in Aus-
tria for tanning. They contain from twenty-eight to
thirty-live per cent, of tannin.

Knot (not) [ME. , knotte, a knot]. An interlacement of
ends or parts of one or more cords or threads so that
they cannot be readily separated. K., Clove-hitch,
a knot consisting of two single, contiguous loops, the

Clove-hitch Knot.

the primitive streak. K., Reef, a knot so formed that
the end- come out alongside of the standing parts and

the knot doe.-, not jam. It is also called Square
Knot. K., Sailor's. Same as JC.,Jieef K., Square.
Same as A'., Reef. K., Staffordshire, a knot u
in ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. The ligature
i.- passed through the pedicle, and withdrawn so as
leave a loop, which is passed over the tumor, and
of the free end- is then drawn through the loop; both
ends are then passed through the pedicle, tightened,
and tied. It is also called Taifs Knot. K., Stay, a
term applied by ballance and Edmunds, to a knot
by two or more ligatures in the following way:
i m each ligature separately is triad: thi first hitch of
a reel knot, whii b is tightened so that the loop lies in
contact with the vessel, without constricting it; then
taking the two end- on one -: ther in one hand,

and the two ends on the other side in the other hand,
the vessel is constricted sufficiently to occlude it, after
which the reef-knot is completed. The simplest
method of completing the knot is to treat the two end-
in each hand as a .single thread, and to tie them as if

Combined Surgeon's and Rkef Knot.

Staffordshire Knot.

Granny Knot.

Reef, or Sailor's Knot.

free ends toward each other. It is used for making
extension in the reduction of dislocations. K., Double.
Same as K., Friction. K., False. Same as A'.
Granny. K., Friction, one in which the ends are
wound twice around each other before they are tied.
K., Gerdy's Extension, resembles the clove-hitch ; it
is employed in making extension of the leg at the ankle.
K., Granny, a tie of a cord in which in the second
loop the end of one cord is over, and the other under
its fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the same
line. This knot may easily be converted into a slip-
knot. K. -grass : I. Arrhenatherum odoratum ; 2.
Avena elatior ; 3. Hippuris vulgaris ; 4. Illecelrum ;
5. Polygonum; 6. Triticum repens. K., Hensen's, a
fixed point in the mammalian blastodermic vesicle at
which the formation of the primitive axis and notochor-
dal canal begins. It marks the anterior extremity of

Surgeon's Knot.

completing a single reef-knot. K., Surgical, a double
knot made by passing the thread twice through the
same loop. K., Tait's. See K., Staffordshire. K.-
weed, Centaurea nigra. See also Collinsonia cana-
densis.

Knuckle (nnk'-l") [ME., knokel, a knuckle or joint].
Any one of the joints of the phalanges with the meta-
carpal bones or with each other; also a loop of in-
testine.

Knuckling {nuk/-ling) [ME., knokel, a knuckle or
joint]. In farriery, a partial dislocation of the fetlock-
joint, in which the relative position of the pastern-
bone to the cannon and coronet bone is changed, the
pastern becoming more nearly perpendicular, with the
lower end of the cannon-bone resting behind the
center line of the suffraginis, while the lower end of
this bone rests behind the center line of the coronet.
It is also called Cocked Ankles.

Kobelt's Tubes, blind tubes of the parovarium.

Koch's Apparatus. An apparatus for air-analysis. K.,
Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of.

nix

KOUMISS

K

K

.111.
. ta-
in, a

Mll-

not

K

in

. b) K

ent

ilit-r

arti-

into an

in questi

Found in the

K.'s

K.'s Steam Apparatus,

m. K.'s Treat-

K

I in the perform-

M1V.

: per-
K.'s Manometric
n a
by the vibral

the

ia.ll burner from the air-

I he form of the

vel, and

K.'s Rods for

K. 's

:-Sadler's Law.
Fold

commi
from the
■

ubstitute

iid similar to

lulant and cardiac tonic.

'] the fluid

An Abyssinian dis-

olumns. K.,
K . Lamina or Mem-

>loS*

tupor].

I

Kombc . .' laA) [African]. An African arrow-poison

miic inee) extracted from Strophanthus kombc.

Kumeceras, Komoceras [ko-mes,-er-as, ko-ntos/ -er-as)

, the hair; born]. In biology, applied

.i horn .1- that of the American prong-horn,

matted hair.

Kommabacillus ikom-ak-bas-il'-us). See Bacteria,

Koniantron on) \jc.6viq, dust; avrpov,

■um~\. An instrument for spraying fluid into the
tympanic ca\ ity.

Koosso, or Koosoo {koo' See Brayera.

Kopf-tetanus (. w-us) [Ger.]. Cephalic tel

anus, due to wound- of the head, chiefly in the region
the fifth nerve. Initial trismus is associated with
paralysis of the face on the side of the injury. In
som also pharyngeal spasm, so that the

name Hydrophobic Tetanus lias also been given
to thi> form of tetanus.

Kopiopia (/.' ah |. See Copiopia.

Kopp's Asthma. See Asthma.

Koprikin [kop/ -rik-in) \_K6irpog, dung], A term applied
by Hiinefeld to undij inimal matter in the feces.

Kore- [kor'-e-). See Co)

Koronion (i-o-ro' -tie-on). See Craniometric Points.

Koroscopy (ko-ros'-ko-pe). See Retinosco

Kosin (/;■.' rin) [Abyssinian, cusso], Cgjl 1 J >10. Same
as Koussin. Sec Brayera.

Koso (ko'-so). Same as Brayera, q. v.

Kossein [kos'-e-in) [Abyssinian, cusso"]. A crystalline
dy contained in koosso. It is soluble in ether, in
alcohol, and in acids. It is slightly styptic.

Koubasoff, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Table ■

Koumiss [koor-mis] [Tartar, kumiz, fermented mare's
milk]. An alcoholic drink made by the fermenta-
tion of milk. As made by the fermentation of
mare's milk, it has long been a favorite beverage
with the Tartars and other Asiatic tribes. Cow's
milk has been used chiefly in making it, both in 1'urope
and America. Mare's milk is the more suitable for
fermentation because of the larger percentage of milk-
sugar that it contains. The composition of the kou-
miss as prepared from both mare's milk and cow's
milk is shown in the accompanying analyses from
various sources : —

ANALYSIS OF KOUMISS.

W \ IKR.

a.

-

■-
■~r.

1

_

a
u
<

V
h

<
►J

vi

Q

5
z

i

D
-
-1
<

2.03

1 01

2.56

i

1.27
0.85

1.26
r.ig

2.08

j
0

=
c
0
j
<

2.65
1.84
286
0 76

-
0

a
z

0

CQ

a

<
u

0.88
1.03

0.83

X
t/>

<

Koumiss from mare's
milk (Fleischmann), .

91-53

1.25

[.01

0.29

Koumiss fro m cow's
milk (Fleischmann 1, .

Koumiss from mare's
milk (Konig)

92.47

j 1 1

0.79

0.91
1.04
0.47

/

Koumiss from mare's
milk (London, i8S.)), .

Koumiss from cow's
milk (Wiley)

-

K.-cure, a method of treating pulmonary tuberculo-

I uantitii > of koumiss can be easily digested,

quently attended by a gain in weight.

M ii SSIN

647

KUP1 1 ER'S CELLS

The ]iatients rise early and take a glass of koun

ery half hour, except during the two hour- preced
ing dinner and supper. Meat and fats form the chiei
part of the ordinary food ; sweets, fruit and salads
are avoided, as well a-, ices, coffee, and spirits. If the
koumiss causes diarrhea, lime water is used
this. At first a lew glasses only arc taken daily to
gradually aci.u-t.iiii th patienl t<> tin- cure.

Koussin {koos'-iri). Sec Brayera.

Kousso (koos'-o). See Brayera.

Kowalevsky, Canal of. nal.

Krameria (kra-me1 '-re-ak) [alter J. < I. II. Kramer, an
Austrian physician]. A genus of polypelatous herbs.
Rhatany, tin- root of A', triandra and K. tomen
shrubs native to South America, po
astringent qualities as tannic acid. It is a popular
remedy for fissure of the anus, spongy gums, etc.
K., Ext., in water. Lose gr. v-.\. K., Ext., Fid.
Dose It^v-gss. K., Infus. (1'.. P.) Dose ,^j-ij.
K., Syr., contains of the fluid extract 45, syrup 55.
Lose 3SS-5SS. K., Trochisci, contain each gr. j
of the extract. K., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose ffkv-^j.

Krameric Acid {kra-me' -«/£) [after J. C ll. Kramer, an
Austrian physician]. An acid contained in Krameria.

Krampton's Muscle. The muscle of the so-called
ciliary ligament in the avian 1

Krarkoff's Method. A method of extracting soluble
animal ferments ; it consists in precipitating these and
the albuminoids by means of ammonium sulphate ;
subsequent treatment with acids renders the albumin-
oids insoluble, and the ferments are readily extracted
with water.

Kraurosis {kraw-ro' 'sis) [upavpog, dry]. Shriveling and
dryness of a part, especially of the vulva.

Krause's Corpuscles. Terminal nerve-corpuscles de-
scribed by W. Krause (i860) as existing in the con-
junctiva, the genitals, and other parts of the human
body, and differing from the Pacinian corpuscles only

Krausf.'s End-bulb.

a. Nucleated capsule, b. Core. c. Fiber entering and
branching, terminating in core at d.

in the absence of a thick laminated investment. K."s
Embryo, an embryo of the fourth wee!., in which
there is an absence of the allantoic stalk, the allan-
tois hanging from the posterior extremity of the embryo.
K.'s End-bulbs, terminal bo. lies of sensory nerves
in the skin and membranes of all mammals. They
are elongated, oval, or round bodies, 0.075 to 0.14
mm. long. K., Glands of. See Gland. K.'s
Membrane, a structure that extends from the sat
lemma through the fiber of a muscle, making z com
plete partition. K.'s Method, a method of inducing
premature labor. It consists in passing a flexible-
bougie into the uterine cavity. K.'s Muscle, the

coraco-cervicahs mus ib/e of K.'s

Nerve. See .\ Table of K.'s Process, a

process fori • ition of the two coloring-matters

of chlorophyl. 1. Prep solution by allowing

li bruised leaves to be acted upon for a few hours
in tin: dark by warm 05 per cent, alcohol ; decant. 2.
Shake one volume of this solution with two volumes
oi benzol ; after a time the turbid liquid separates into
a benzol layer above having a blui-h-green color, and
an alcohol layer below tii low. The yellowish

t is called by K rau mtkopkyl, the bluish-
green, kyanophyl. According to Wiesner, kvano-
phyl is nearly pure chlorophyl freed from its asso-
ciated yellow pigment xanthophyl. It is believed
by many that the yellow pigment separated by this
process is identical with that found in plants blanched
(etiolated) in darkness, and which has been called
etiolin 1 .< joodale).

Kreatin (kre'-al-in). See Creatin.

Kreatinin (kre-at'-in-in). See Creatinin.

Kremnitz White. Same as White Lead.

Krems White. Same as M ad.

Kreolin (kref -o-liti) . See Creolin.

Kresol (kre'-sol). See Cresol.

Krinosin (krin'-o-siri). See Crinosin.

Krishaber's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.

Kristeller's Method. A method of hastening tedious
labor by fetal expression by means of rhythmic pres-
sure on the fundus uteri. Pressure is made on the
fetus while the entire child is still in the genital canal.

Krohn's Glands. A pair of glands in the cephalo-
thorax of certain of the Aracknoidea {Pkalangida,
L j ph op lit ha la m h 1

Kronecker's Center. The inhibitory center of the
heart. It may be injured in cardiocentesis.

Krbnlein's Hernia. See Hernia, Inguino-properito-
neal, and T>; . Table of.

Krull's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of.

Krypto- (krip'-to-). See Crypto-.

Kiihne's Method. A method of staining bacilli, and
K.'s Modification of Gram's Method. See Stains,
Table of. K.'s Carbol. Methylene-blue, methyl -
ene-blue 1.5, absolute alcohol 10. Rub up and gradu-
ally add 100 parts of a five percent, solution of carbolic
acid. K.'s Motorial End-plates, a peculiar form
of nerve-ending. The same as the Hillocks of
Doyere. K.'s Pancreas-powder, an extract pre-
pared by the prolonged extraction of fresh pancreas of
ox with alcohol and then with ether.

Kuhnt, Cylinder-cone of. See Cylinder.

Kujawah (ku'-jah-waw) [E. Ind.]. An apparatus used
in India, by means of which wounded persons may be
carried on camels.

Kumbecephalic (kum-be-sef-al'-ik) or Kumbokephalic
(kum-bo-kef-aV-ik). See Cymbocephalic.

Kumiss (koo' '-wis) or Kumyss (koof-mis). See Kou-
miss.

Kiimmel (kind-el) [Ger., " cumin." A liqueur, or
cordial, originating in Germany and Russia, and flav-
ored with fennel, caraway, cumin, or coriander.

Kummerfeld's Lotion. A cosmetic used in dermat-
ology. It consists of spirit of camphor and spirit
of lavender, each y2 dram ; precipitated sulphur 15
grains ; cologne-water one dram, distilled water 2
oun.

Kumysgen (koo-mis'-jen) [Tartar, kumiz, fermented
mare's milk ; yewdv, to beget]. A preparation used
for the production of koumiss.

Kupffer's Cells. Liver cells which, according to Asp
and Kupller, present exceedingly minute intracellular
passages that pass from the bile capillaries into the
interior of the cells, where they communicate with

I Ml

Method.

Coma

in the

A kind of

KYTOPLASM

Kyphoscoliotic [ki-fo-sko-Ie-ot* -ik) [/eii^txnr, hump-
back; c . oblique]. Characterized by or per-
taining to kj phoso iliosis.

Kyphosis ( ! " ''. hump-back]. Hump

back. Angular curvature of the spine, with the
prominence "i convexity turned dorsad. K. bicy-
clistarum, a curvature of the spine, due to error in
ture in bicycle-riding.

Kyphotic iki-fot' '-ik) [kv0u<t<c, hump-back]. Relating
to, of the nature of, or with, kyphosis.

Kysthoproptosis {kis-tho-prop-to' ■ | \id)a6og, a hol-
low; irpdrrruoig, a falling forward], l'rolapse of the
ma.

Kysto- [kis'-to-). See ( i

Ky stoma [kis-tof-tnah). See Cystoma.

K-

lograph

tor].

. thus

with

li : Ltion with

.

av, a
bJorophyl. Same

cov-
iing urine, at

twisted ;

- ime as Club-

. Kvmographion {ki-mo-

> write]. An in-

the variations in

Ns£

.oscopc , to in-

tion and study

. urine],

■ e obtained from

by oxidizing

1 with chromic acid.

■ ■ ning jl I

ine]. Kypho-

i . hump-
Kyphi ihined

Kymograph. (Ludwig.)
a, a. Artery. C. Revolving-cylinder, c. Height of mercury
in tube; the difference between this point and d indicates
the pressure within the vessel, d, s. Float on mercury in
tube. f. Writing-style.

Kytharrhagia [kith-ar-af-je-aJi). See Cytharrhagia.
Kythemolytic {ki-them-o-lif '-i&) [kvtoq, cell ; ai/ia,

blood; Mots, solution]. Pertaining to, characterized

by, or causing, the destruction of blood-cells.
Kytomitom [ki-tomf -it-om) [ki'toc, cell; fi'crog, thread].

The network in the body of the nucleus of the cell.
Kytoplasm [ki' -to-plazm) [/curoc, cell ; Trlaofia, plasm].

The protoplasm of the cell.

649

LABOR

L

L. The abbreviation of Left, of Lumbar, of Lithium,

and of Libra, a pound.

X denotes wave length. I'm- instance / 506, meai
wave-length equal to 500 millionths of a millimeter.
Sometimes the letters W. I., an- used instead of A.

Lb. Contraction of liber = pound.

Lab, or Lab-ferment. The ferment of rennet pro-
ducing coagulation of milk, [t is separated from the
proenzyme, labzymogen, bj means of the acids of the
gastric juice , ami especially by IIC1. Labzymogen
resists the action of alkalies, which, even in very
small amounts, destroys the lab. A temperature of 350
to 400 C. is most favorable to the action of lab. At
700 C. the lab is destroyed, but not the labzymogen.

Labarraque's Liquor. See Liquor. L.'s Solution.
See Chlorin.

Labbe, Vein of. See Vein.

Labdacism (lab,-das-izm). Same as Lambdacism.

Labdanum [lab' -dan-urn). See Ladanum.

Labellum (la-belf-um) [dim. of labium, a lip: pi. ,
Labella\. In biology : (a) One of the petals of an
orchid, which, properly the upper one, is made the
lowerby a semi-twist of the ovary. It is larger than the
other petals and offers a landing-place for insects ; it
is carried backward in the form of a spur, and then
assumes the functions of a nectary and so attracts
visitors (Cheshire) ; {b) One of the mouth-parts of an
insect.

Labes (la'-bez) [L.]. An old name for the plague ;
also, for any depravation or lowering of the standard
of health.

Labial (la'-be-al) [labium, a lip]. Pertaining to the
lips. L. Bone. See Intermaxillary. L. Frenum,
frenum of the lips.

Labialism [la' ' -be-al-izm) [labium, a lip]. The ten-
dency to pronounce any articulate sounds as if they
were labials ; the addition of a labial or labio-dental
quality to an articulate sound.

Labials (la'-be-alz) [labium, a lip]. The consonant-
sounds ; they are formed mainly by the lips. See
Consonants.

Labiate (la'-be-dt) [labium, a lip]. In biology,
lipped. Shaped like, or functioning as, a lip. L.
Plants, the Labiatce, or mintworts ; an order of
square-stemmed plants, mostly herbs, with aromatic
properties, many of the species being highly charged
with volatile oils.

Labiatiform (la-be-af -if-orni). See Labiate.

Labidometer (lab-id-om' '-et-er) [fatfiig, forceps; fierpov,
a measure]. A forceps used in measuring the dimen-
sions of the head of a fetus in the pelvis.

Labidophorous (lab-id-off'-or-us) [lafiiq, forceps ;
qopoq, bearing]. Applied to insects having organs
resembling pinchers.

Labidoprion (lab-id-o' '-pre-on) [laAir, forceps ; -pitov,
saw]. A forceps-saw.

Labiella (la-be-el'-ah) [labium, a lip]. In biology, a
minute, rounded, median portion of the deutomala in
myriapods ; it corresponds in a degree to the lingua
of hexapods (Packard).

Labile (lab'-il) [labilis ; lain, to glide]. I. In electro-
therapeutics a labile application is the passing of the
electrode — usually the negative — along and touching
the skin over the track of a nerve. 2. Deciduou>.

Labimeter {Jab -imf -et-er). Same as Labidometer.

Labio-alveolar [la' ' -be-o-al-ve' '-o-lar ) [labium, lip ;
alveolus, a small hollow]. Pertaining to the lip and
to one or more dental alveoli.

Labio-chorea (la' b • o-l-o-re'-ali ) [labium, lip; x"
dancing], A choreic affection of the lips, and the
stammering that results from it.

Labio-choreic r-ik) [labium, lip ; ,\>.

dancing]. Relating to lip-stammering.

Labio-dental (la n'-tal) [labium, lip; dens, a

tooth]. Pertaining to the lips and the teeth.

Labio-glosso-laryngeal (la' '-be-o-glos' '-o-lar-in' '-je-al)
[labium, lip; -// luaaa , tongue; / rynx]. Per-

taining conjointly to lips, tongue, and larynx. L.
Paralysis. See Bulbar Paralysis.

Labio-glosso-pharyngeal (la' '-be-o-glos' '-o-far-in' '-je-
al) [labium, lip ; y'AZtaaa, tongue; tpapvyij, pharynx].
Pertaining conjointly to lips, tongue, and pharynx.

Labiomancy (la' ' -be-o-man-se) [labium, lip ; fiavreia,
divination]. The power of understanding what is
said by observing th ms of the lips in speech.

Labio-mental (la' -be-o-men* -tal) [labium, lip; men-
turn, chin]. Relating to lip and chin.

Labio-nasal (la/-be-o-na/-sal) [labium, lip; nasus,
nose]. Labial and nasal ; pertaining to lip and n< 1

Labio-palatine (laf -be-o-pal' -at-in) [labium, lip ; pala-
tum, palate]. Relating to lip and palate in common.

Labioplastic [la-be-o-plas' '-tik) [labium, lip ; rrAdcro
to form]. Pertaining to an operation for restoring the
lip, after injury or partial destruction of the same ;
chiloplastic.

Labiose (la'-be-os) [labium, lip]. In biology, resem-
bling a true labiate flower.

Labiotenaculum (la-be-o-ten-ak' '-u-lum) [labium, lip;
tenaculum, a holder]. An instrument for holding the
lips in a position required for examination or opera-
tion.

Labipalp (la'-be-palp)[labium, a lip ; palpare, to stroke,
to feel]. In biology, a labial palp or feeler.

Labitome (lab'-it-om) [?,aj3ig, forceps; row//, cutting].
Cutting-forceps.

Labium (la'-br-um) [L. : //. , Labia~\. A lip. Also,
any structure consisting of a strip or flap of elastic tis-
sue that closes upon an orifice. In biology, applied
to various lip-like structures in animals and plants,
usually the lower when two are present, the upper
being called the labium. L. austriacum, Austrian
lip ; the thick, pendent upper lip of the Austrian reign-
ing family. L. cerebri, the margins of the cerebral
hemispheres that overlap the corpus callosum. L.
duplex, a congenital longitudinal duplication of
the mucosa of the upper, and rarely of the lower
lip. L. externus pudendi. See L. majus. L.
internus pudendi. See L. minus. L. leopoldi-
num, a thick, pendent lower lip; named after Em-
peror Leopold. L. leporinum. See Hare-lip. L.
majus, or L. pudendi majus, one of two folds of
skin of the female external genital organs, arising
just below the mons veneris, surrounding the vulval
entrance, and meeting at the anterior part of the perin-
eum. L. minus, L. pudendi minus, or nympha,
one of two folds of mucous membrane at the inner
surfaces of the labia majora. L. tympanicum, the
portion of the lamina spiralis forming the lower border
of the sulcus spiralis. L. urethrae, the lateral margins
of the external urinary meatus. L. vestibulare, the
overhanging extremity of the lamina spiralis that forms
the upper part of the sulcus spiralis.

Labor (la'-bor) [!.]• Work. Parturition; bringing
forth young. That natural process by which a preg-
nant woman expels the product of conception at
the expiration of the period of pregnancy, normally.

L . Abnormal rting

the

tficult.

are
False
1. lndu< ■ I

in.-tru-
I Metastatic,

auk
- ■

L.,
Physiologic

inism. L.,

L . Pathologic,

eak-

- "i
i... Postponed, fond

•'rematur- the

tus i^ vial

i£CS of. nod "'

Llld

ild ; the

the pla-

;... NV in by which

;li canal and

L -j f, or the contrac-

L., Perverse, labor

I the child.

i of the

•• ith undue celer-

1 . Protracts nd the

. .--I' hours in
L., Spontaneous, lal mplished

Lai mm, from labor-

d for experi-

Method. nis of. L.'s

r Tea turn

lipped].

sually the
the

•mni]. Also
abur-

alka-

1

r com-

I-., Cortical,

LACCIN

substance of the kidney. See Kidney. L., Mem-
branous, the membranous cavity within the osseous
labyrinth, from which it is partly separated by the
ivmph. It comprises two sacs contained within
the vestibule, the semicircular canals and the canal of

Labyrinth of im-. Ear Laid Open.

a. Fovea elliptica. 6 Fovea hemispherica. c. Common en-
trance of the posterior ami superior semicircular canals.
d. Opening of the aqueduct of the vestibule, e. Superior
icircular canal, f. Posterior, g. Inferior semicircular
//. Spiral canal of cochlea, i. Opening of the aque-
duct of the cochlea, j. Lamina spiralis.

the cochlea. L. of the Kidney. See Labyrinth,'
tical. L., Osseous, the bony capsule of the internal
ear, communicating in front with the cochlea and be-
hind with the semicircular canals. L. Pit. See Ear.
Labyrinthal (lab-ir-in* -thai}, Labyrinthic (lab-ir-in'-

thik). See Labyrinthine.
Labyrinthine (lab-ir-in' -thin) [laji'vptvdoc, a maze].
Pertaining to a labyrinth. L. Vertigo. See Mbti&re's
Disease.
Labyrinthus [lab-ir-in' -thus) [L. : pl.,Labyrintht\. A

labyrinth.
Lac (lak) [Pers., lak, lac]. A resinous incrustation
produced on the bark of the twigs and branches of
various tropical trees (Urostigma religiosa, Mimosa
cinerea, Butea frondosa, Schleichera irijuga, of
< Vvlon, India, and Burniah, Croton lacciferum, of
Ceylon, Croton draco, Acacia greggii, Larrea mexi-
cana, of Mexico), by the puncture of the female lac-
insect Carteria (Coccus) lacca. This crude exudation
constitutes the stick-lac of commerce. Shellac is pre-
pared by spreading the resin into thin plates after
being melted and strained. In the preparation of the
shellac, the resin is freed from the coloring-matter,
which is formed into cakes, and is known as lac-
dye. See Pigments , Conspectus of . Button-lac differs
from shellac only in form, appearing in cakes about
three inches in diameter and one sixth of an inch thick.
Bleached lac is prepared by dissolving lac in a
boiling lye of pearlash or potassic hydrate, filter-
ing and passing chlorin through the solution until
all the lac is precipitated. Seed-lac is the residue ob-
tained after dissolving out most of the coloring-matter
contained in the resin. The common shellac is used
in varnishes, lacquers, and sealing-wax ; the bleached
lac in pale varnishes and light-colored sealing-wax.
L.-beet, a fruit used in Siam for diarrhea and
pepsia. L., Stick, lac as taken from the twigs
which it is formed. L. sulphuris, milk of sul-
phur ; sulphur prsecipitatum (U. S. P.) L., White.
Sec /.',' ,/, hed lac.

Lacca (lak'-ah). See Lac.

Laccate [Pers., lak, lac, or sealing-wax].

In biology, appearing as if varnished or lacquered.

Laccin (lak' -in \ [Pers., lak, lac]. A substance resem-
bling wax, extracted from lac. It is insoluble in water,
soluble in alcohol, in ether, in hydrochloric acid, and
in potassic hydr:

LACERATi:

651

LACI AMID

An in-
forma,

like].

Lacerate [las'-er-dt) [Xanepdg, torn]. In biology, with
a margin appearing as if torn. L. Foramen.
Foramina, Table of.

Laceration [las-er-a1 'shun) [laceratio ; lacerare, t<>
tear]. Meclianical rupture by a tearing action,
whether accidental or surgical. Sec Dilaceration. L.
of the Infratrochlear Nerve. See Badal's Opera-
(ion in Operations, Tableof. L. of Perineum, a tear-
ing through the wall separating the lower extremity of
the vagina and rectum, which occurs occasionally to
women in childbirth.

Lacerator [las' '-er-a-tor) [lacerare, to tear],
strument used in effecting surgical laceration.

Lacertiform [las-er' -tif-orm) \_lacerta, lizard ;
form]. 1 i/anl shaped.

Lacertoid [las-err -toid) [laeer/a , lizard ; ddar,
Resembling a lizard.

Lachesis [lak'-e-sis) ['/ • destiny, fate]. i. A

genus of venomous South American reptiles. 2. The
venom of /.. mut us (the bushmaster snake), and
also a homeopathic preparation of the poison.

Lachnanthes [lak-nan' '-thiz) [/air//, soft, woolly
hair; avdog, a flower]. A genus of North American
bloodworts. L. tinctoria, red-root, is a plant popu-
lar in parts of the United States as an expectorant
and alterative in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose of a
10 per cent, tincture, rrpx. Unof.

Lachrymal [lak'-rim-al). See Lacrymal.

Lacinia [las-in' -e-ah) [L., a lappet, flap, as of a gar-
ment: />/., Lacinice]. In biology, one of the fimbriae
at the ovarian extremity of the oviduct ; a narrow lobe,
as in an incised leaf; or, specifically, the slender apex
ol the maxilla of a beetle. Cf. Galea.

Laciniate {las-in' -cat) [lacinia, a flap]. In biology,
fringed ; cut into narrow flaps.

Laciniform {las-in' -if-or»i) [lacinia, a flap ; forma,
form]. In biology, fringe-like.

Laciniola [las-in-i' -o-lah) [dim. of Lacinia: pi., La-
cinioles]. In biology, a small lacinia.

Lacinula (las-in' -11-lali) [dim. of Lacinia, a flap:
LacinuUe]. In biology, a small lacinia.

Lacmoid (lak' -moid). Same as Resorcin-blue.

Lacmus (lak'-mus). See Litmus.

Lacquer (lak'-er) [Pg., lacre, sealing-wax].

opaque varnish containing lac. L., Burmese, a
natural varnish consisting of a thick, grayish tcrebin-
thinous liquid, collected from the Melanorrkcea itsita-
tissitna of Burmah. It dissolves in alcohol, turpen-
tine-oil, and benzene, assuming greater fluidity.
Locally, it is used in lacquering furniture, temples,
idols, and varnishing vessels.

Lacrima (Jak' -rim-ah). See Lacryma.

Lacrimal (lak'-rim-al). See Lacrymal.

Lacryma (Jak' '-rim-ah) [I,.: pi., Lacryma-']. A tear.

Lacrymal [lak'-rim-al) [lacryma, a tear]. Having ref-
erence to the organs of the secretion, transfer, or ex-
cretion of tears. L. Apparatus, the lacrymal gland,
ducts, canal, sac, and nasal duct. See Lye. L.
Artery, the first branch of the ophthalmic artery, sup-
plying the gland. See Arteries, Tableof. L. Bone,
a bone upon the nasal side of the orbit, articulating
with the frontal, the ethmoid, and superior maxillarj
bones, in which begin the lacrymal groove and nasal
duct. See Bones. Table of. L. Canals, or Canal-
iculi, superior and inferior, extend from the lacrymal
puncta to the sac, and serve to convey the excess
of tears from the eye to the nose. See Canal. L.
Caruncula. See Caruncle. L. Crest. See Crest.
L. Ducts, seven to fourteen in number, extending
obliquely from the gland to the fornix conjunctive,
carrying the tears to the conjunctival surface of the
globe. See Duct. L. Gland, the gland secreting the

pi.,

An

tears, situated in a depression of the frontal bone, the
/.. fossa, at the upper and outer angle of the orbit.
Gland. L. Lake, the inward prolongation of the
palpebral fissure of the eyelids. L. Papilla. See
Papilla. L. Probe, a probe for exploring or dilating
the canaliculi and nasal duct. L. Puncta, the minute
oiihces of the canaliculi, upon the eyelids near the

I

Relations of the Eve and the Lacrymal Excretory

Apparatus,
i, 1. Canaliculi. 2,2. Puncta lacrymalia. 3,3. Inner extremity,
of tarsal cartilage. 4, 4. Free borders of lids. 5. Lacrymal
sac. 6. Attachment to maxillary bone of superior tendon.
7. Bifurcation of lacrymal sac. 8, 8 Two branches.

inner canthus. L. Sac, a sacciform enlargement of
the upper part of the nasal duct, into which the cana-
liculi empty. L. Style, a probe used in stricture
of the nasal duct. L. Tubercle. See Tubercle.

Lacrymation (lak-rim-a'-skun) [lacryma, a tear]. An
excessive secretion, or an overflow, of tears, from any
cause.

Lacrymatome [lak-rim' '-at-dm) [lacryma, tear; ro/ni/,
cutting]. A cutting instrument used in dilating the
nasal duct or the canaliculi ; a syringotome.

Lacrymiform [lak-rim' '-if-orm) [lacryma, a tear;
forma, form]. In biology, tear-shaped ; guttiform.

Lacrymin [lak' -rim-in). See Dacryolin.

Lacrymotomy [lak-rim-of '-o-me) [lacryma. tear; to/it/,
cutting]. The division of strictures of the lacrymal
passages.

Lactagogue [lak' '-tag-og). See Galactagogue.

Lactalbumin [lakt-al' '-bu-min) [lac, milk ; albumin'].
A proteid contained in milk in small quantities — ]/2 of
I per cent. It resembles serum-albumin very closely,
differing in specific rotatory power, in its coaguability
by heat, and in its precipitation of neutral salts.

Lactamic Acid (lak-tam'-ilc). See Alanin.

Lactamid (lak'-tam-id ) [lac, milk; amid], C,H_-
NO,. A substance formed by the union of lactid and
ammonia. It forms crystals readily soluble in water
and in alcohol, and melts at 740 C.

1 V i AM IN

LAC It >SE

amin
Lac:

I

Lact

:

- kling.
lej. A

■ of

Its

: l

■ suckle],
kles.

milk.
intestine

. to turn to milk].

to turn to milk].
luid.
Pertaining to milk or its
L. Acid.
Ether, (< ,M ■ -. .11 ■ A

listillation of

ute alcohol, and

in water, in alcohol,

L. Fermentation.

La<

An old name for
A volatile sub-

Lactiferou
Ducts,

Lac-

Lac
aw

Lact

Lac-

. milk].

. milk], < ,11.' >,

the an!. lactic acid produced

It crystallizes from

it 124. 50 C. , and

-lowly in water, with

f lactic a

to carry].

onvey milk. L.

the mammary gland. L.

L. Swelling, a dis-

ii obstruction of a

milk ; facere, to make].

. milk; Jlos, flower].
\

, milk ; forma, form].

. milk; fugare, to drive
lessening in

, to pro-

"//>/], C8H5NO.
nin in a < urrent
1

e readily

if milk ; lactose,
ling

.to

milk ; /

I Pertainin j
:ndantia ,.,, ,,, Im]k

if milk.

ick:

vorare, to de-

n
u

...

a

±~.
a.
in

JJL
Si
ii
'St
US.
Hi

n

A

A

s.

a.

a

ta

Lactivorous ijak-tiv* '-or-us) [lac, milk

vuur]. Subsisting on milk.
Lacto- (lak'-lo-) [lac, milk]. A Latin prefix denoting

nection with or relation to milk. L. -pepsin. .1
preparation of pepsin. According to fleger, its cona-
tion is: Pure pepsin 10 parts, pancreatin 7.6
parts, sugar of milk 50 parts, extract of malt 5 pan-,
lactic acid 2.6 parts, hydrochloric at id (25 per cent. )
10 j in 20 parts. To this is added enough

powdered tragacanth to make a pill-mass. The adult
about 15 grains. L.-peptine, a proprietary
mixture claimed to contain pepsin, diastase, andpan-
lulated with lactic and hydrochloric acids.
1 »ne dram should peptonize 5 viij of albumin, casein
or fibrin, or emulsionize 3 xvj of cod-liver oil. Dose,
gr. v-xv. See Pepsin. Unof. L. -peptone, same
as /.. -peptine. L. -phosphate, any phosphate combined
with lactic acid. L.-proteid, any proteid of milk, as
caseinogen or lactalbumin. L. -protein, a derivative
of milk.
Lactobiose (lak-to' '-be-os). See

Galactose.
Lactobutyrometer [lak-to-bu-tir-
om'-et-er) [lac, milk; (3ovTvp(rv,
butter; uirpov, measure]. An
instrument used in estimating the
proportion of butter in milk.
Lactocele {lak' '-to-sil) [lac, milk ;
kij'/ii, tumor]. A cyst containing
a milky fluid. Same as Galac-
tocele.
Lactocrit {lak' -to-krit) [lac, milk ;
K/ii-i/c, a judge]. An apparatus
for testing the quantity of fatty
substance in a sample of milk.
Lactodensimeter(/<?/(>-/<?-</(y/-.<r/w/-
et-er) \Jac, milk ; densus, dense ;
H'erpov, measure]. A variety of
lactometer.
Lacto-globulin(/(7/(--/0-£-/03/-//-////)
\_lac, milk ; globus, a ball]. < »ne
of the native proteids of milk ;
lactalbumin.
\~.*c\o%\\\zosfz{lak-to-glu'-kds)\_lac,
milk; ;./(.'/, {<<;, sweet]. A saccha-
rine substance, produced in the
fermentation-fluid along with ga-
lactose. It is probably the same
as glucose.
Lactokrit {lak' -to-krit). See Lac-
tocrit.
Lactolin (lak'-to-lin) [lac, milk;

oleum, oil]. Condensed milk.
Lactometer (lak-tom'-et-er). An
instrument for determining the
specific gravity of milk.
Lactone (lak'-ton) [lac, milk],
( ,,,11.",. An aromatic, colorless,
inflammable fluid, derived from
the dry distillation of lactic acid.
The lactones are gem rally liquids,
readily soluble in water, of neutral
reaction, possessing a faintly aro-
matic odor, anil can be distilled
without decomposition.
Lactonic Acid ( lac-ton' -ik). See

. 1, id.
Lactoscope {la >) [lac, milk; nKmuv, to ex-

amine]. An instrument for estimating the proportions
of water and fat-globules of milk.
Lactose ' , milk], c,..l 1..-.0,, -f H20. Milk-

sugar: it occurs in the milk of mammals, in the

Lactometer.
Stem on the right grad-
uated as used in Bos-
ton. Stem on the left
shows graduation
a d opted i n New
York. Central stem
graduated to show
pen intage of solids.

LACTOSERUM

653

1 ESIS

amniotic liquor of cows, and in certain pathologic
secretions. It crystallizes in white, hard, rhombic
prisms, containing one molecule of water. It is soluble
in water, has a faint sweet taste, and is insolubli
alcohol. Its aqueous solution is dextro-rotatory. It
melts at 2050 C. It is much used in pharmacy for
making trituration-, and ;- the vehicle of most homeo-
pathic preparations. See Carbohydrates, Table of.

Lactoserum (lak-to -se'-rttm) [lac, milk ; sennit, whey].
The serum or whey of milk.

Lactosuria (lak-to-su'-re-ak) [lac, milk ; ovpov, urine].
The presence of lactose in the urine ; a condition oc-
casionally seen in pregnant y.

Lactotoxin (lak-to-toks' -in) [lac, milk ; to^ik6v, poison].
A poisonous substance found in milk.

Lactous (lak'-tus) [lactosus, milky]. Milky.

Lactuca (lak-tu* '-kah) [L. , " lettuce "]. A genus of
composite-flowered herbs ; the lettuces. L. altissi-
ma, L. elongata, L. montana, L. sativa (com-
mon garden lettuce), and L. virosa, afford lactuca-
rium ; but the L. virosa is the source recognized in
the U. S. Pharmacopeia. Lactuca (B. P.) is also a
synonym of Lactucarium, q. v.

Lactucarium (lak-tu-ka'-re-um) [L.: gen. , Lactucarii].
Lettuce. The milky juice of Lactuca virosa, a bien-
nial plant. It contains a crystalline substance, lactu-
cerin, to which its properties are thought to be due.
It is a mild hypnotic, with sedative and diuretic prop-
erties, somewhat similar to opium, but without depres-
sant after-effects. It is frequently an ingredient of
patented cough-mixtures ; varieties of commercial lac-
tucarium are produced by other species of Lactuca, q.
t. L., Ext. (B. P.) Dose gr. v-xv. L., Ext.,
Fid. Dose "V-3J- L., Syr., contains 5 percent,
of the drug. Dosegj-^j. L., Tinct., dose jss— 5 ij.

Lactucerin (lak-tu' 'ser-in 1 [lactuca, lettuce ; cera,
wax]. A crystalline substance existing in lactu-
carium, a. v.

Lactucerol ( lak-tu' -ser-ol) [lactuca, lettuce ; oleum,
oil], C:!,;H60O.,. A crystalline substance existing in
lactucerin; it occurs in two isomeric forms.

Lactucic Acid [lak-tu1 '-sik) [lactuca, lettuce] , C^H^Og.
A yellow, amorphous body found in lactucarium. It
is insoluble in chloroform, ether, benzin, and carbon
bisulphid. In some respects it resembles oxalic acid.
See Acid.

Lactucin (lak-tu' '-sin) [lactuca, lettuce]. A crystalline
extractive of lettuce and of lactucarium.

Lactucol (lak'-tu-kol) [lactuca, lettuce], C13H20O. A
substance crystallizing in needles, formed when lac-
tucerin and potassium hydrate are melted together.

Lactucon (lak-tu' -kon). Same as Lactucin .

Lactucopicric Acid, Lactucopicrin (lak-tu-ko-pik'-
rik, lak-tu-ko-pikf-riri) [lactuca, lettuce ; iracp6c,
bitter], C44H.,.,( _).,,. An amorphous, bitter principle
contained in lactucarium.

Lactumen [lak-tu' -men) [lac, milk : pi., Lactumina~\.
A synonym of Porrigo larvalis. Also, applied to
that form of aphtha: in which the spots have a fanci-
ful resemblance to clots of curd.

Lactupicrin (lak-tu-pik'-rin). See Lactucopicric Acid.

Lacuna (la-ku'-nah) [lacus, a lake: pi., Lacuna'].
A little hollow space. A mucous or lymphatic folli-
cle. Lr., Absorption. See ffowskip's Lacuna. L.
amatorum, the vertical groove in the center of the
upper lip. L. Bone. See Bone. L. of Cemen-
tum, spaces in the cement of the teeth analogous to
those in bone. L. cerebri, the infundibulum of the
brain. L. of Cornea, spaces between the lamina? of
the cornea. L. graafianae. Graafian follicles. L.,
Haversian. See Bone. L., Howship's. 1. De-
pressions on the surface of bone beneath the perios-

teum. 2. Carious excavations in bone filled with
granulation-tissue. L., Intervillous (of placenta),
the -paces in the maternal.,, portion of the placenta
filled with blood, and in which the fetal villi h
L. labii superioris. See L. amatorum. L. later-
ales sinus superioris, depressions along the groove
of the superior longitudinal sinus. L. magna, the
largest ot th - of the glands of I.ittre, situated

on the upper surface of the fossa navicularis. L.
morgagni, the orifices of the glands of l.ittre, or the
gland- themselves. L. pharyngis, a depression at
the opening of the Eustachian tube into the pharynx.
L. of Tongue, the foramen cecum. S< e Foramina,
Table of. L. of Urethra, follicular depressions in
the mucous membrane of the urethra, most abundant
along the floor, especially in the region of the bulb.
Their mouth- are directed forward.

Lacunal (la-ku'-nal), or Lacunar (la-ku'-nar) [lacus,
lake]. Pertaining to the lacuna?. L. Spaces, the
irregular fissures between the fasciculi of connective
tissue, forming the beginnings of the lymphatic vessels.

Lacunose (la-ku'-nos) [lacuna, a pit, a hollow]. In
biology, having pits, depressions, or spaces.

Lacunosorugose (la-ku' -no-so-ru' -gos) [lacuna, pit,
hollow ; ruga, a wrinkle]. In biology, deeply pitted
or wrinkled, as the sione of a peach.

Lacunula {lak-u'-nu-lah) [dim. of lacuna, a lake : //.,
Lacunul(z\. A small or minute lacuna; an air-
space, such as is seen in a gray hair when magnified.

Lacus (la' -kits) [L.]. A small hollow or cavity in a
tissue. L. derivationis, one of the venous spaces
in the tentorium cerebelli communicating with the
superior longitudinal and lateral sinuses. L. lacry-
malis, the space at the inner canthus of the eye, near
the punctum, in which the tears collect. L. sangui-
neus, the utero-placental sinus.

Lacustrine (la-kits' -trin) [lacus, a lake]. In biology,
inhabiting lakes or ponds.

La Dando (lak dan' -do). Synonym of Influenza.

Ladanum (lad'-a>i-ttm)[L. ; Gr., 7JjSavov\. The con-
crete gummy and resinous juice of various species of
Cis/us, growing in the Mediterranean region ; as C.
ladaniferus, C. creticus, C. salvifolius, C. cyprius, C.
ledon, and C. villosus. It is a greenish-gray solid, of
bitter taste, formerly in high esteem. It is now
chiefly used in making pastils for fumigation.

Ladendo (lad-en' -do). Synonym of Influenza.

Ladrerie (lah-dra-re') [Fr.]. See Measles.

Ladric (lah'-drik). Pertaining to measles.

Lady Crespigny's Pill. A pill of aloes and cinchona ;
aloes socotr. 3J, ext. cinchona ^iij, cinnam. ^j, syr.
absinth, q. s. It is a stomachic and laxative. Dose
gr. x-xx.

Lady Hesketh's Pill. A pill similar to Lady Cres-
pigny's Pill, q.V.

Lady Webster Pill. See Aloe.

Lady's Bed-straw. Cheese-rennet. The herb Gal-
ium verum, a refrigerant and diuretic. Dose. fld. ext.
--— j. Unof. L.'s Slipper. See Cypripedium.

Laemoparalysis (le-mo-par-al'-is-is). See Lemoparal-
ysis.

Laennec's Cirrhosis. Atrophic cirrhosis of the liver;
a form of chronic interstitial hepatitis of the liver in
which the organ is greatly reduced in size and may be
deformed. The weight maybe reduced to a pound
or a pound and a half; the surface of the organ is
granular; and its substance is composed of greenish
yellow islands surrounded by grayish-white connective
tissue. L.'s Pedes and L.'s Rale. See Signs and
Symptoms, Table of. L. tubercles, the miliar}- granu-
lations of tuberculosi-.

Laesis (le'-sis). See Lesion.

nolar

llle

-

in ;

ion.

ity-
lust. L. valacitas,

:

r Lagochilo^ kir-

|, Hare-lip. ' I

•-...I

mic . hare;

with lagoph-

. hare ;

Jar notion that a

Inability to close the

>podou'> hare-footed].

clothed with long

•:..i OTOfia,

,n-

crminator. An apparatus for destroy -

■ try It is a wooden box

• et lied, its

In the

\ minute:

: In fluetl

of the ah
mble

burn. L.-

lobin,

i the

like].

I AM 1.1 1 A

Lakmus ius). See I annus.

Lakv red.

Lalia | ■ talking]. Speech.

Lallation hun) \ : lallare, to babble].

Any unintelligible stammering of speech, such as the
prattling of a babe. Also, the defect or peculiarity
,.f speech, usually racial, in which / is substitu
tor ;-.

LaiHng | \re, to babble]. Lallation ;

y-talk.

Laloneurosis nu-ro'-sis) [AdAoc, prattle ; n ,
nerve: pi., Laloneuroses\. An impairment of speech
arising from spasmodic acti< f the muscles. It in-
cludes stammering and aphthongia.

Lalopathy [lal-op'-ath-e) [>">"<;, speech; rrdHor, dis-
]. Any disorder of speech.

Lalophobia {lal ■ \ '■'< •■''"< . prattle; tp<5

ir]. Stutter, .spasm, leading to, or complicated
with, a dislike of speaking.

Laloplegia {lal-o-ple' -je-ah) ['/d?.oc, talking; tt'/
a -i: Paralysis of speech, not due, however, to

paralysis of the tongue.

Lamarckism or tin- Lamarckian Theory. The doi
trine based upon the teachings of the French naturalist,
J. B. P. A. de Monet de Lamarck (i 744-1829), who
attempted to explain the progressive evolution of nature
by virtue of an inherent tendency to development
through the appetency and habits of living organisms,
the efforts excited by change of conditions reacting
upon the structure. It is based on the theory that
matter acted upon by heat, light, and electricity may
spontaneously generate life of " low, homogeneous
organisms, and that such organisms would develop
qualities of heterogeneity and organs as governed by
their surroundings, and especially by their wants or
desires. To this preponderating influence of new
wants Lamarck ascribes the chief role in evolution,
while Darwin emphasizes the advantage of acciden-
tal variations in the struggle for existence. See Neo-
lamarckism.

Lambda [lam'-dah] [Xa/j,(36a, the Greek letter /].
The junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures at
the apex of the latter. See CraniQtnetric Points.

L,3i-mbdacism(/(iw/ -</as-Jzm)[_'/(i/i('i(iKiaiior, Iambdacism].

1. Difficulty in uttering the sound of the letter /.

2. Too frequent use of the /sound, or its substitution
for the >' sound ; lallation.

Lambdoid, or Lambdoidal (lain* -doid ox lam-Joi' -dal\
[/<(// JiV/, the letter 7. ; udog, resemblance]. Resem-
bling the Greek letter A. L. Suture, the suture
between the occipital and the two parietal bones.

Lambert's Method. A method of mixing colors by
colored wafers and a slip of glass. By means of re-
flections from the surface of the latter one color may
be in part reflected and superimposed on another
color.

Lame (/(iwj [ME., lame,\zxae\. Crippled; halting;
limping.

Lamel (/am-el') \lamella, dim. of lamina, a plate].
A medicated disc, made with some soluble basis; it
is used in the dosimetric application of drugs to the
eye, etc.

Lamella {lam-el' -alt) [dim. of lamina, a plate: pl.J.ti-
mellce~\. A descriptive term applied to any foliation or
scale-like appearance; a thin lamina, scale, or plate.
L. of Bone, th entric rings surrounding the

Haversian canals. L., Bronchial, one of the folds
of the mucosa of the gills of fish. - and certain
molluscs. L. carnosa, that part of the parietal meso-
blast from which the muscles ol the trunk are
eloped. L. ceratina, the epiblastic layer giving
origin to the skin and its appendages. L. cerebellare,

LAMELLAR

655

LAMINA

one of the laminae of the < erebellum. L., Concentric,
one of tin: plates of bone surrounding the Havei
canals. L. coriaria, the part of the somatopleure from
which the corium and possibly the cutaneous mu
are developed. L., Cribriform. See Lamina
cribrosa. L., Fundamental or General, a general
term applied to all varieties of osseous lamellae.
L., Haversian. See L., Concentric. L., Homo-
geneous, the clear, apparently structureless layer of
an osseous lamella. L., Intermediate, one of the
plates tilling the spaces between the concentric layers
of bone. L., Interstitial. See L., Intermediate.
L., Investing. See L., Concentric. L medullaris,
the epiblastic layer forming the central nervous
system and organs of special sense. L., Medullary,
the internal lamellae forming the wall of the
medullary cavity of hollow hones. L. mesenterica,
that portion of the splanchnopleure from which the
mesentery, and the muscular and fibrous parts of the
intestines are derived. L. mucosa, that part of the
hypoblast from which the epithelia of the gastro-
intestinal tract and its glands are developed.
L. of Nail, an elevation on the corium, dove-tailing
into a furrow on the under surface of the nail. L.,
Perineural, the perineurium. L., Periosteal or
Peripheral, a superficial lamella of bone lying under
the periosteum. L. renalis, that portion of the
mesoblast from which the kidneys and generative
organs are developed. L., Special. See £., Con-
centric. L., Striped, the dark portion of a bone-
lamella which has a striped appearance. L., Tri-
angular, a fibrous layer connecting the choroid
plexuses of the third ventricle of the brain. L.,
Vascular. See Endockorion.

Lamellar {lam-el'-ar) Lamellate (lam-el' '-at) [lamella,
a thin plate]. Having the nature of, or resembling any
thin, osseous or membranous tissue ; composed of lam-
ellae or thin plates. L. Cataract. See Cataract.

Lamelliferous (lam-el-if'-er-us) [lamella, a thin plate ;
ferre, to bear]. Composed of lamellae.

Lamelliform {lam-el' -if-orm) [lamella, a small plate;
forma, form]. Having the shape of a lamella.

Lamelligerous (lam-el-ij'-er-us). See Lamelliferous.

Lamelliped (lam-el' -ip-ed) [lamella, a small plate ;
pes, foot]. Having a fiat or lamelliform foot.

Lamellose (lam'-el-os). See Lamellar.

Lamellule (lam-el'-iil) [lamellula, dim. of lamella, a
plate]. A very -mall plate.

Lameness |/(7w'-«('/) [ME., /^wr, lame]. The state of
being lame. L., Cross, a peculiar gait of horses in
which the lameness seem- to be in the leg on the
opposite side of the one diseased. L., Kennel, a
rheumatic affection of dogs. L., Uterine, weakness
of the uterus due to disease.

Lamin (la'-min) [laminum, the dead-nettle]. An
alkaloid said to exist in Lamium album, </. v.

Lamina (lam' -in-ah) [I.., a plate or scale: pi. , Lm»i-
ina\. A descriptive term used to designate foliated
structure. Also, any thin layer of bone, membrane,
or other tissue. L., Arcuate [of the cerebellum),
a bundle of fibers uniting the contiguous convolutions
of the cerebellum. L., Arcuate {of the cerebrum),
a band of fibers uniting adjacent convolutions of
the cerebrum. L. ascendens [of the palate bone),
the vertical plate of the palate. L. axilis, the primi-
tive streak of the blastoderm. L., Basal [of the
placenta), the decidua serotina. L., Bowman's, the
structureless membrane between the anterior layers
of epithelium and the fibrous ti-sue of the cornea of
the eye. L. cacuminis, a narrow band connecting
the posterior superior lobes of the cerebellum. L.
of Cerebellum, the layers- of white matter, covered

externally with gray substance, that arise from the cen-
tral white a.\i.-> of the cerebellum. L. chrotalis,
the dermal plate or covering. L. cinerea, the
connecting layer of gray matin- between the corpus
callosum and the optic chiasma ; the terma. L. cinerea
convoluta, the tuber cinereum. L. conarii, the
lower lamella of the n the pineal gland.

L. concharum, the inner surface of the lateral
mas-i :s of tin- ethmoid bone. L. connectens, the
posterior cerebral commissure. L. connectiva,
the collodcrma , q.v. L. cortis, the membrana tectoria
of the internal ear. L. cornea, a thickened band
of the ependyma of the lateral ventricle covering
the tenia semicircularis. L., Cribriform, the crib-
riform plate of the ethmoid. See also L. crib-
rosa of the Temporal Bone. L. cribrosa [of the
choroid), in lower animals that portion of the
choroid which is perforated for the passage of the
optic nerve. L. cribrosa [of the fascia lata), the
cribriform fascia covering the saphenous opening.
L. cribrosa anterior, the anterior perforated space.
L. cribrosa anterior inferior, the anterior part of
the inferior fossula, through which branches of the
cochlear nerve pass. L. cribrosa media, the middle
part of the inferior fossula transmitting the branches
of the auditory nerve going to the saccule. L.
cribrosa posterior, the posterior perforated space.
L. cribrosa of the Sclerotic, the perforated lamina
through which the optic nerve enters the globe of
the eye. L. cribrosa of the Temporal Bone, a
small laminated bone forming the boundary of the
internal auditor} meatus. L. of the Cricoid
Cartilage, the fiat posterior plate of the cricoid car-
tilage. L., Crystalline, the anterior part of the cap-
sule of the crystalline lens. L. dentata, the dentate
fascia. L. denticulata, the covering of the outer
fifth of the vestibular surface of the bony cochlea,
from which delicate teeth-like elevations project
into the scala vestibuli. L. dorsalis, one of the
two ridges bordering the medullary groove, that
unite to form a canal which finally develops into
the cerebro-spinal canal. See Plates, Medullary. L.,
External Medullary, the outer of the two white
layers of the lenticular nucleus. L., Fibro-
cutaneous, the parietal mesoblast. L., Fibrointesti-
nal, the visceral mesoblast. L. fusca, the pig-
mentary tissue of the sclera forming the ectal layer
of the perichoroidal sinus. L. gastralis, the gastro-
derma, q. v. L., Gray. See L. cinerea. L. grisea,
the gray matter of the spinal cord. L., Internal
Medullary, the inner of the two white layers of the
lenticular nucleus. L., Lateral (of the sphenoid bone),
the external pterygoid plate. L. lentis, one of the
layers of the crystalline lens. L. mastoidea, the basal
plate of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. L..
Median (of the sphenoid bone), the internal pterygoid
plate. L. medullaris media cerebelli, the valve of
Vieussens. L. medullaris thalami, a layer of white
matter between the optic thalamus and the internal nu-
cleus of the striate body. L. medullaris transversa,
a delicate layer of gray matter covering the a< ]iieduct of
Sylvius. L. medullaris triangularis, the lyra of the
fornix. L. modioli, the bony lamina spiralis oi the coch-
lea. L. muscularis, the myoderma, </. v. L. nervea
involvens. a delicate layer of nerve-matter covering the
ventricular surface of the ependyma. L. neuroder-
malis, the epiblast. L.. Nuclear, the nuclear layer.
L. palatina, the horizontal plate of the palate bone.
L. papyracea, the os planum of the ethmoid bone.
L. pedunculorum, one of the layers of which the
crura cerebri are composed. L. perforata, either
perforated space. L. pigmenti, a delicate layer of

LAM

656

LANI 1 I

the
L. prima

L. prop:.:

the

>ral, thi •

1.

r.l.i

Mil.

.

Ouadrilateralis,

L., Reti-

nd-

and

1.. secundaria.

L. semicircularis.

enopetrosa, a small

ater

dis, a thin p

'. membranous in

ilea

L.

rte th.it winds spirally

L. supercho-

i -

L. tectoria.

L., Terminal. I. See L.

A tin: anterior

I. terminalis. Terma. L.

. : rior

hi noid bone.

laminae of the

L., Tympanic, the tympanic plate of

oral bone. L.,

L. of Vertebra.

I vcntralis. teral mesoblastic

L. ■. •• of the skull.

■
rd, which by
splanchnopleure
L.. Vitreous roid), a

tilt: in

Lar. . a thin plate]. The sensi-

tire ai terior
;:i the horse. See also

Fr.]. Flatl the

of the fetal head to

) [lamina, a
: having I
I

I.

i / .
I. B

L. cor-

I

.

tents

L. Probe

harina, i

L. Ten-

Lamination {lam-in a'-shuti) [lamina, a layer]. Ar-
rangement in plates or layer.-. An operation in
embryotomy, consisting in cutting the skull in slice-.

Laminectomy (lam-in- e k' -to-me~) [lamina, a layer;
ision]. The operation of removing the
posterior vertebral arches.

Lamineur [lam-in-ar') [lamina, a layer]. An instru-
ment for performing laminage, </. <-■.

Laminitis (lam-in-i'-tis) [lamina, plate; trie, inflam-
mation]. Inflammation of the laminae of a horse's
hoof; founder.

Laminose (lam'-in-os) [lamina, a thin plate]. Thin,
membranous, or plate like.

Lamium um)[h.,the dead-nettle]. A gcnib

of labiate plants. L. album, the leaves and stems of
the plant /-■ album, with properties due to an alkaloid,
Lamin. It is useful in menorrhagia. Dose of the
tincture £ss-ij. I'nof.

Lamnar (lamf-nar) [lamna, a thin plate]. A term
applied to nails that are Hat, short and broad.

Lamnectomy (lam-nek* -io-me). Same as Laminec-
tomy.

Lamp ['/iiii-di , a lamp]. A vessel containing a liquid
capable of burning, and a wick. It is used to give
light. L., Aphlogistic, a lamp devised by Davy in
which glowing platinum furnishes the light. L. -black,
a tine black substance, almost pure carbon, made by
burning coal-oils in an atmosphere deficient in oxygen,
or by allowing a gas-flame to impinge on a cold surface.
See Pigments, Conspectus of. L., Laryngoscopic, a
small incandescent lamp used in laryngoscopy. One
form is provided with reflectors and lenses by
means of which light can be projected into the mouth,
pharynx, and larynx. L., Lee's, a lamp used in mer-
curial fumigation. L., Mercurial, a lamp consisting
of two cups, an upper for holding the mercury, a
lower for holding water. The latter is heated by
means of a Bunsen burner, the water and mercury
being both vaporized. L., Spirit, one in which
alcohol is used to produce heat rather than light. L.,
Van Buren's, a device for mercurial fumigation.

Lampas (lam' pa ) [Fr., lam fas, lampas]. A conges-
tive swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of the
mouth, in the horse.

Lampers (lam'-p, r% ) . Sec Lampas.

Lamprophony (lam-proff f -o-ne) [Aafnvpdq sounding ;
cpuvi/, voice]. A sonorous, ringing quality of the voice.

Lampsana (lamp-sa'-nah). See Lapsana.

Lampsis (lamp' -sis) ['/ainj<ir, a shining]. Splendor,
brilliancy.

Lana (la'-nali) [L.]. Wool.

Lanate (Ian' -at) [/',:<"'. wool]. Woolly; lanuginous ;
lanigerous; lanose.

Lancaster Black-drop. Acetum opii; vinegar of
urn.

Lance (lans) [lancea, a lance or spear]. I. A lancet.
2. To open, a- with a lancet <>v bistoury. L., Mau-
riceau's, a lance shaped knife foi opening the fetal
head in embryotomy.

Lanceate (lan'-se-at) [lancea, a lance]. See Lanceo-
late.

Lanceolar (lan'-se-o-lar). See Lanceolate.

Lanceolate ' o lat) [lanceola, a little lance]. In

biology, shaped like a lance-head ; thin and tapering
toward- each end.

Lancet (lan'-set) [dim. of lancea, a lance]. A two
edged surgical instrumi nl for incising tumors, etc. L.,
Gum, a small i> nl in which the cutting portion

has a convex edge anil is at right-angles !<> the shaft.
L., Spring, one in which tin blade is thrust out by
means of a spring, which i- controlled by a trigger.
L., Thumb, one with a double edged, broad blade.

LAM II ORM

657

LAPARELYTROTOMY

Lanciform {Ian* -sif-orni) [lancea, lance ; forma, form].
Lance-shaped.

Lancinate (lan'-sin at) [lancinare, to tear"]. To lacerate,
to pierce, or tear.

Lancinating [Ian' ' -sin-a-ting\ [lancinare, to tear].
Tearing; shooting. L. Pains, rending, tearing, or
sharply-cutting pains, common in posterior spinal
sclerosis.

Lancing [lanf-sing ). See Lams.

Lancisi, Nerves of. The stria longitudinales . The
slight ridges of the callosum of the brain bounding
the raphe. See A . Tabic of.

Landmarks [land1 '-marks) [ME., landmark, the boun-
dary of a country]. Superficial marks (such as emi-
nences, lines, and depressions) that serve as guides to,
or indications of. die]" r-seated parts. The knowledge
of landmarks is of the utmost importance, both to the
surgeon and the physician.

Landolphi's or Landolfi's Paste. A caustic applica-
tion composed of the chlorids of zinc, antimony,
bromin. arid gold, which is used pure, or weakened by
mixing with basilicon ointment in varying propor-
tions. It should be spread on the surface with a
spatula, or applied on charpie, and allowed to remain
for 24 or 48 hours.

Landolphia [lan-dol'-fe-ah) [after Capt. Landolph, an
explorer]. A genus of tropical climbing shrubs, in-
cluding the African rubber-tree, a source of caoutchouc.

Landolt's Method. A method of determining insuffi-
ciency of the internal recti muscles. A small lamp or
candle is surrounded by a blackened chimney, a ver-
tical slit in which serves as an object of fixation. The
light is then approximated to the eyes, and when the
internal recti are no longer able to maintain the nec-
essary convergence, two images of the slit are seen.

Landouzy-Dejerine Type. A type of muscular
atrophy. See Diseases, Table of.

Landry's Disease or Paralysis. Acute ascending
paralysis ; a form of atonic paralysis described by
Landry, characterized by loss of motor power in
the lower extremities, gradually extending to the
upper extremities, and to the centers of circulation
and respiration, without characteristic sensory mani-
festations, trophic changes, or variations in electric
reaction. See Diseases, Table of.

Land-scurvy. See Purpura hemorrhagica.

Landzert, Angle of. See Angle.

Lanesin, or Lanessin (lan'-es-in) \lana, wool]. A
proprietary preparation of wool-fat similar to lanolin.

Lanfranc's Collyrium. A stimulant application to
ulcers, containing aloes and myrrh, each 5 parts ; ace-
tate of copper, 10 parts ; trisulphid of arsenic, 15 parts ;
rose-water, 380 parts, and white wine, 1000 parts.

Lang's Oil. See Gray Oil.

Lange's Method. A method of testing for CO., in the
air. It consists in shaking in a bottle full of the air
to be tested, a half ounce of clear fresh lime-water.
If the air contains 7 parts per 1000 of CO.,, a turbid-
ity of the fluid will occur.

Langenbeck's Operation. See Operations, Table of.

Langerhans' Cells. Certain modified epithelial cells
forming the simplest nerve-endings. L.'s Granular
Layer, the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.

Langier's Apparatus. A form of immovable splint for
a limb. It is composed of strips of brown paper
impregnated with starch-paste. L.'s Bandage. See
Bandage.

Langley, Oxyntic Cells of. See Delomorphous. L.'s
Test. See Tests, Table of.

Language [lang/-gwaj] [lingua, the tongue]. The ar-
ticulate sounds, signs, or symbols whereby thought is
communicated. L., Center for. See Aphasia.
42

Languor (lang/-gu w)[ I... faintness]. Lassitude. I dis-
inclination to take bodily exercise, or to exert one-
self.

Laniaries or Laniary Teeth [la' -ne-ar-e-ez) [/
laniarii ; laniare, to rend]. The cuspid teeth; ap-
plied more particularly to those of carnivorous ani-
mals.

Laniariform ila-ne-ar' -if-orm) [laniare, to rend;
forma, shape]. Shaped like the canine teeth of car-
nivora.

Laniary [la' ' ne-a-re) [laniare, to tear, rend]. In
biology, applied to well-developed canine or lacerating
teeth.

Lanigerous {lan-ij' -er-us) [lana, wool ;gerere, to bear].
In biology, producing, or 1 with wool or a

woolly growth ; lanate; lanose ; lanuginous.

Lank [ME., lank, lank]. Lean, thin, attenuated.

Lanoleum {lan-o'-le-um). See Lanolin.

Lanolin (lan'-o-lin) [lana, wool ; oleum, oil]. A
cholesterin-fat obtained from sheep's wool, introduced
as a basis lor ointments. It does not saponify or
become rancid, and is characterized by remarkable
penetrative powers.

Lanose [la'-nos) [laua, wool]. In biology, woolly;
wool-like ; lanate.

Lantana (/,/// ta'-nah) [L.]. A genus of verbenaceous
shrubs and herbs, principally natives of tropical
America. A lew grow native in the U. S. L. acu-
leata is an aromatic stomachic. L. brasiliensis
and L. camara are among the antipyretic species.
Unof.

Lantanin {Ian' -tan-in) [lantana\ An alkaloid ex-
tractive of Lantana brasiliensis, called Verba sagrada.
It is asserted to have antiperiodic and antipyretic pro-
perties, and has been successfully used in intermittent
fevers. Dose, gr. xv-xxx. Unof.

Lantermann's Notches or Segments. Conico-cyl-
indric segments in the medullary sheath of a n<
fiber ; they are marked off from one another by the
incisures of Schmidt.

Lantern of Aristotle, or Aristotle's Lantern. In
biology, the oral skeleton of a sea-urchin. L.-jaws,
a colloquialism for a long, thin visage.

Lanthanum [lan'-than-unt), orLanthanium (lan-tha'-
ne-um) [?iavddveiv, to conceal ; lanthanum was a sub-
stance concealed from the knowledge of chemists].
A rare metallic element ; symbol La., atomic weight,
1 58. Little is known of its medicinal properties.
See Eleincnts, Table of.

Lanthopin {lanf -tho-pin) [tovd&veiv, to conceal],
C...JI „-,X< ),. A finely crystalline alkaloid of opium.
It occurs in white crystals fusible at 2000 C.

Lanuginose, Lanuginous [lan-u'-jin-os, lan-ur -jin-us)
[lanuginosus, wooly]. In biology, woolly, downy,
lanate, lanose, lanigerous.

Lanugo [lan-u'-go) [lana, wool]. The down-like hair
that appears upon the fetus at about the fifth month of
gestation ; the downy growth often seen upon the face
of women and girls. L. prima, the first growth of
beard. L. pudendorium, pubic hair.

Lap [ME., lappa 1 : Gr., Mirreiv, to lap with the
tongue]. I. To lick up. 2. A lick. 3. That part
of the body formed by the anterior aspect of the
thighs.

Lapactic {lap-ak'-tik) [/.mzaoae/r. to empty]. I. Emp-
tying; evacuant. 2. Any purgative substance.

Lapara (lap'-ar-a/i) [2wrap6g, loose]. 1. The loins;
loosely applied to the abdomen. 2. Diarrhea.

Laparacele (lap'-ar-as-el). See Laparocele.

Laparectomy [lap-ar-ek' -to-me). See Enterectomy.

Laparelytrotomy [lap-ar-el-it-rot'-o-me). Same as
Laparo-elytrotomy.

1 Ai

I \1'IS

Laparoto-
neal

I.

loin ;
ininal

S

;

n]. An
uterine \

It

-.villi dens

ition.

ia, loin ;

ittingj. i. Suprapu-

d extra-

the fetus, the sac

•otomy ' o-me) [

tting]. An oper-

rean

over Poupart's

neum until the vagina

the

hild thus d above the

ut.

iro-enterotomy ^

utting]. An open-
ui abdominal incision.
rotomy

cutting]. The

n abdominal incision.

terectomy me ) [/«-

tutting]. The
gh an incision in the ab-

tero-obphorectomy o-his' -ter-o-o-

loin ; womb ;

■ out]. Removal of

i in the

I.

I

>my me). See

\a, loin ;
formation of

; Sami

the
1 wall.

rect-

'•■ ■|>h-

Laparonephrotomy {lap-ar-o-tuf-rot' -o-me) [Aairdpa,
loin; I-"". kidney; -<""/, a cutting]. Nephrot-
omy through an abdominal incision.
Laparosalpingectomy {/tip - or - o - sal -pin -gek* ■ to - me)
\7ianapa, loin; oaXwcyi;, tube; Topi], a cutting]. Re
moval of a Fallopian tube through an abdominal incis-
ion.
Laparosalpingotomy {lap-ar-o^sal-pin-gol* '-o-me) [Xmr-
. loin; n, !/-/■:, tube; ropri, a cutting], i. ( ul
ting into an oviduct through an abdominal incision,
j. Laparosalpingectomy.
Laparoscope {lap* -ar-o-skop) ['/a-rapa, loin; ami
to examine]. An instrument lor examining the ab-
domen.
Laparoscopy {lap-ar-os* '-ko-pe) [Xairapa, loin ; oko-
, to examine]. The examination of the abdo-
men by the stethoscope, plessimeter, or by other in-
strumental means.
Laparosplenectomy {lap-ar-o-splen-ekf-to-me) [/axapa,
loin; rrT//,i, spleen; EKTopi), a cutting out]. Re-
moval of the spleen through an abdominal incision.
Laparosplenotomy {lap ar-o-splen-of '-o-me) [/uti/|iu,
loin ; r:7//,ry spleen ; rofiij, a cutting]. The sur-
al incision or entrance upon the spleen through the
abdominal walls.
Laparotome {lap'-ar-o-tom) ['/u-upa, loin ; rofiij, a cut-

I. \ cutting-instrument used in laparotomy.
Laparotomist {lap-ar-ot1 '-o-mist) [p\airapa, loin ; Topi],

a cutting]. A surgeon who performs laparotomy.
Laparotomy {lap-ar-ot' -o-me) [Wcnr&pa, loin; roftfy,
a cutting]. I. Surgical incision through the ab-
dominal wall ; celiotomy. 2. Surgical entrance into
the abdominal cavity through the loin or flank. (The
definition first given is that offered by most lexico-
graphers, and is in accord with common usage; but
objection lias been made to this use of the word.
The second definition i> believed to represent the ety-
mologically more correct use of the term.) L., Con-
servative, abdominal section, with a view either to
aspiration of the distended Fallopian tubes, or to break-
ing down adhesions and freeing the diseased uterine
append;):.
Laparotyphlotomy {lap-ar-o-tif-lotf -o-me). Synonym

of Typhlotomy.
Laparovaginal {lap-ar-o-vaf -in-al) \7.mzapa, loin ; va-
gina, sheath]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the
vagina.
Laparysterotomy {lap-ar-is-ter-of '-o-me). Same as

Laparohysterotomy.
Lapaxis Qap-aks' -is) [2£irai;i£, evacuation]. Evacuation.
La Perleche. See Perleche.
Lapides cancrorum (lap'-id-ez kang-kro'-rum) [I..].

Cratf s-eyes.
Lapidillum {lap-id-iV '-um) [dim. of lapis, stone]. A

< for removing 5t m from the bladder.
Lapidose {lap'-id-os) [lapis, a stone]. In biology, in-
habiting stony places.
Lapillation {lap-il-af -shun) \lapiltus, a small stone].

I he formation of stones ; lithogenesis, q. t.
Lapis {la'-pis) [L. , a rock]. An alchemic term ap-
plied to any non-volatile substance. L. dentium,
tartar of the teeth ; salivary calculus. L. divinus,
aluminated copper; a preparation used in ophthal-
logy. It is made by fusing together 32 parts
each of cupric sulphate, potassium nitrate, and alum,
and adding a mixture of 2 parts each of camphor
and alum. L. imperialis, silver nitrate. L. lazuli, a
beautiful blue stone of complex composition, formerly
em is a purgative and emetic, and in epilepsy.

L. lunaris, silver nitrate. L. mitigatus. See Ar-
gentum. L. mutabilis. See Tabasheer. L. nau-
ticus, a lode stone.

LAPLACE'S FORMl 1.1.

659

LARYNGISMUS

Laplace's Formulae, i. For preparing acid sublimate
solution, i to iooo : lake of bichloridof mercury, I
gram; nitric acid, 5 grams ; water iooo grams. -. For
preparing acid sublimate tablets: 'lake oi bicblorid

of mercury, i gram ; tartaric acid, 5 grams. M
into one tablet. This is to be dissolved in one liter
(iooo grams) of water. 3. Acid sublimate gauze is
prepared by dipping the gauze in the foregoing solu-
tion, wringing it out, and allowing it to dr) in a < lean
atmosphen
Lappa (lap'-ah) [I..: gen., Lappa], Burdock. The
of the common burdock, Arctium lappa, contains a bit-
ter principle, a resin, and tannin. It is aperient and diu-
retic and has some reputation as an alteram e in c< institu-
tional blood diseases. A tincture of the seed has been
recommended in skin-diseases. The dose of the root
is Jjj— ij, in infusion or tincture; of the fluid extract,

»lx- 3 J-

Lappaceous {Jap-af -she-us) [lappa, a bur]. In biology,
bur-like.

Lappet {lap'-ef) [ME., lappet, lappet]. In biology, the
wattle of a bird.

Lapsana (lap'-san-aA) [haipavq, an eatable herb]. A
genus of composite plants. L. communis, was
formerly used as a laxative and in skin-diseases.

Lapsus (lap'-sus) [labi, to fall]. A fall; ptosis. L.
palpebrae superioris, ptosis of the eyelid. L. pilo-
rum, alopecia. L. unguium, falling of the naib.

Larch [ME., larche, larch]. See Lan.x and Tamarac.

Larcher's Sign. Sec Death.

Lard and Lard-oil [ME. , larden, lard]. Adeps. The
fat of the pig melted by gentle heat and strained.
Crude lard is white, granular, and of the consistency
of a salve, of faint odor and sweet, fatty taste.
Its specific gravity is .93S to .940 at 150 C. Exposed to
the air it becomes yellowish and rancid. When com-
pressed at 320 E. , it yields 62 parts of colorless lard-
oil and 38 parts of compact lard. Eard is used in
cooking ; lard-oil for greasing wool, as a lubricant,
and an illuminant.

Lardacein {Jar-da' 'se-in) [ME., larden. lard]. An
animal proteid, an indigestible amyloid substance,
chiefly occurring as a pathologic infiltration into
various organs, as the liver, or spleen.

Lardaceous (lar-daf -she-us) [ME., larden, lard]. See
Amyloid. L. Kidney. See Brigkfs Disease.

Larinoid {Jar' '-in-oid) [2,aptv6g, fat; eldog, like]. Lar-
daceous ; as larinoid carcinoma.

Larix [la'-riks) [L., gen. Lands']. Larch. The dried
bark of Larix europaa, the European larch, similar
in action to balsamic and terebinthinate remedies. It
is expectorant, stimulant, and astringent. L., Tinct.
(B.P.) Dose rr^xx-xxx. See, also. Tamarac.

Larkspur [lark' -spur). The seed of Delphinium con-
solida, a diuretic and emmenagogue. Dose of the fid.
ext., TT\j— x. Unof.

Larnaude's Disinfecting-fluid. A solution of zinc

, sulphate containing a little copper sulphate.

Larrey's Amputation. See Operations , Table of \ L.'s
Apparatus, a form of immovable dressing made by
saturating the bandages in a mixture of camphorated
spirit, lead-water, and white of egg. L.'s Bandage.
See Bandage.

Lartigue's Pills. Pills used in the treatment of gout,
containing compound extract of colchicum 20 parts,
and extract of digitalis, one part.

Larva {lar'-vali) [larva, a ghost: pi. Larva:]. The
young stage of such animals as undergo transformation.
The form that insects take in emerging from the egg,
commonly known as the caterpillar or "grub" stage.
Also, applied to the immature form distinguishing many
of the lower vertebrates before maturity. L., Loven's,

the young of the marine worm polygordius. L..
Miiller's, the free swimming young of the polyclad
platodes, Thysanozoon and Yungia.

Larvaceous (jar-va/ -she-us), Larval {Jar'-val) [la
a mask]. < overing the face like a mask.

Larval [larva, a ghost], r. Pertaining to or existing
in the condition of a larva. 2. Same as Larvace-
ous. L. Paludism. See Dumb Ague. L. Pneu-
monia. See Pneumonia. L. Scarlatina, a mild
case of scarlet fever in which the rash is absent.

Larvate {Jar'-v&i) [larvatus, masked]. < oncealed;
masked ; applied to diseases and conditions that are
hidden by more obvious conditions, or by some pecu-
liarity of their symptoms.

Larviform {Jar'-vif-orni) [larva, a larva; forma,
shape]. Resembling or being a larva.

Larvigerous Uar-vif -er-us) [larva, ghost, mask ; gererr,
arry]. In biology, bearing the larval skin.

Larviparous {lar-vip* -ar-us) [/ana, larva; pare;
bring forth]. In biology, bringing forth young that
have leached the larval state.

Larvivorous {Jar-vh [larva, larva; vorare,\.o

devour]. In biology, feeding on larvae.

Laryngalgia {Jar-in-gal'-je-ah) [Tdipv) ~, larynx; SAyoc,
pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the larynx.

Laryngeal (lar-in' '-je-al) [Aapvyt;, larynx]. Per-
taining to the larynx. L. Artery. See
1 able of. L. Cough, an hysteric manifestation in
young women. It is a paroxysmal cough, with a pe-
culiar hoarse and muffled sound, like the barking of a
dog. L. Crisis, an acute laryngeal spasm, occurring
in the course of tabes dorsalis. L. Dilator, an in-
strument designed to dilate the larynx, when the latter
has become constricted by cicatricial tissues, or from
other causes. L. Edema, infiltration of a fluid or
semi-fluid into the submucous connective tissue of the
larynx. It is usually associated with some disease or
injury of the larynx, and occurs mainly between the
eighteenth and thirty-fifth years. It is characterized
by dyspnea and dysphagia L. Epilepsy, a peculiar
neurosis of the larynx characterized by a sense of
suffocation during sleep. There is no discoverable
lesion. L. Mirror, a small circular, silvered-glass
mirror used in laryngoscopy. L. Nerve. See
Nerves, Table of. L. Paralysis, a loss of power
of some or of all of the muscles of the larynx. L.
Pouch. See Pouch. L. Reflex. See Reflexes,
Table of. L. Spaces, the upper, middle, and lower
parts into which the larynx may be conveniently di-
vided. L. Vertigo. See Vertigo and L. Epilepsy :

Laryngectomy {lar-in-gek' '-to-me) [lapvyl-, larynx;
cKmiiij, a cutting out]. An operation for the extir-
pation of the larynx.

Laryngemphraxis (iar-in-zem-fraks'-is) ['/a p 1 ; f ,
larynx ; iuopn^ic, stoppage]. Closure or obstruction
of the larynx.

Laryngismal {l/ir-iu-fiz'-mal) [/apvyyi^siv, to vocifer-
ate]. Relating to laryngismus.

Laryngismus Uar-in-jiz/-mus) [Aopu] ; ireiv, to vocifer-
ate]. A term loosely applied to various spasmodic
affections of the larynx, ftich as epileptic spa>m.
Laryngeal Epilepsy. L. paralyticus, a paralysis of
the recurrent laryngeal nerve in horses, producing
the affection called "roaring." L. stridulus,
laryngc >spasm ; spasmodic croup ; spasm of the
glottis. A spasmodic affection of the larynx, mainly
confined to the early period of childhood. There
i- a sudden arrest of respiration, with increasing
cyanosis, followed by long, loud crowing inspirations.
This affection occurs in rachitic children and especially
in such as are of the neurotic tendency. The attack
may be severe enough to terminate life.

l.AK\ NGOT 'MY

■
:

iiil.l-

I.., Croupou

L... D:

into

com-

i the mu
I. , Glandular

■■>: L.,
i with li bj "t

L., Membranous.

L.,
L., Poly-
by the
I. lembranous, .in inflammation

\ tlie
whitish
.ml different deg
met with between the

-nial

. with

;:ii frequently

L . Serous. fta. L.,

L., Spas-
modic ism of the glottis.
L., Stridulou with stridor. L., Sub-
mucous.

Suffocative, diphtheria. L., Tuber-

\ chronic, u>u-

:ie larynx due to the

■ inliltra-

I of the cartilages.

L., Ulcerative. of

rynx ; kok<5c,

. larynx;
incision

, larynx ;
I »i\ ision of the
' ■

. larynx ;

.logical V-ik, lar-

i
"'■" . larynx;

culous

L.,

>necr

'

,

irynx ;

mix;

, risible]. An artificial larynx designed for
illustrative purposes.

Laryngopharyngeal {Jar-in'-go far-in' '-je-at) [>"/», f,
larynx; . pharynx]. Pertaining conjointly to

larynx and pharynx.

Laryngo-pharynx {lar-in* -go-far* -inks) [X&pvyij, lar-
yn -. pharynx]. The inferior portion of the

pharynx. It extends from the greatei cornuaofthe
byoid bone to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.

Laryngophony {Jar . larynx; -

voice]. rhe sound of the voice observed in auscul-
tation of the larynx with the stethoscope; also, the
tnd of the voice observed in auscultation of a large
cavity in the lung.

Laryngophthisis {Jar-in-goff* -this-is) [Xipvyf;, larynx;
, wasting]. 1 aryngeal tuberculosis.

Laryngoplasty (/<//-./,

f, larynx ; irXdooeiv, to shape].
Plastic surgery or operation upon
the larynx.

Laryngoplegia {Jar-in-go-ple* '-je-aX)

c;-, larynx; -///;//. stroke], V^
Paralysis of one or more muscles of ^^
the larynx.

Laryngorrhagia {Jar-in-gor-a' '-je-aK)
[hapvyjj, larynx; pt/yvvvac, to burst
forth]. Hemorrhage from the larynx.

Laryngorrhea {Jar in-gor-e' '-ah) [/</- a
.-, Iaryn . a flow], Kx-

ces- retion of the laryngeal

mucosa, especially on attempting to
use the organ.

Laryngoscope {Jar-in* -go-skop) [/</-
.-, larynx ; okotceIv, to examine].
An instrument for examination of
the interior of the larynx.

Laryngoscopist {Jar-in-gos* '-ko-pist)
[Xdpiryi;, larynx; anoweiv, to ex-
amine]. An expert in laryngoscopy.

Laryngoscopy {lar-in-gos* -ko-pe) [>'/-
pvyl;, larynx; OKOntiv, to examine].
I amination of the interior of the
larynx by means of the laryngoscope.

L,axyngOSJ>asm (Zar-in*-go-spazm ) [Aa-
pvyij, larynx ; n~aniiac, spasm]. Spas-
modic contraction or closure of the
glottis; spasmodic croup, as distin-
guished from inflammatory croup.

Laryngospasmopsellismus {Jar-in-
<-spaz-mop-sel-iz* -mus) \7uapvy%, la-
rynx ; pa mi ; ipeXTua
stammering]. Spasmodic stammer-
ing of laryngeal origin, without the
utterance of words. _ Laryngoscopy

Laryngostasis {Jar-in-go-stas* -is) [/«- Mirrors.

.-, larynx ; oraoiQ, stagnation], a Small, b. Large.
Synonym of Croup.

Laryngo-stenosis {Jar-in* -go-ste-no* -sis) [/•"/«'} 5, lar-
ynx; orevwoig, contraction]. Contraction in size or
in caliber of the larynx.

Laryngosyrinx {lar-in-go-si* -ringks) [X&pvyt;, larynx;
pipe: pl.t Laryngosyringes\. A laryngeal tube.

Laryngotome {Jar-in* -go-toni) [Xdpwyf, larynx; Toufj, a
cutting]. A cutting-instrument Used in laryngotomy.

Laryngotomy (/. '-o-tne) [Xapvy!;, larynx; ri/t-

cut]. The operation of i n< ision of the larynx.

L., Complete, incision of the larynx through its

whole length. L., Median, incision into the larynx

through the thyroid cartilage. L., Subhyoid, in-

the larynx through the thyro-hyoid mem

L., Superior, and L., Thyro-hyoid, incision

into the larynx through the thyro-hyoid membrane.

LARYNGO-TRACHEAL

661

I. A I i RAL

Laryngotracheal [lar-in' '-go-tra' '-ke-al) [lapvyt;, lar-
ynx; Tpaxela, the windpipe]. Pertaining conjointly

to the larynx and tin- trachea.

Laryngotracheitis {lar-in pw tra-ke-if -tis) [>"/<''. i', lar-
ynx; rpa%eiv, windpipe; tnf, inflammation]. Inflam-
mation of the larynx and the trachea.

Laryngotracheopyra [lar-in-go tra ke op/-ir-aA), Sy-
nonym of Croup.

Laryngotracheotomy [lar-in-go-tra- ke-ot'-o-me) \%ap-
/'•-.larynx; rpa%e la, windpipe ; Top.ii, cutting]. That
form of the operation of tracheotomy in which the

cricoid cartilage, and ■ or more of the upper rings

of the trachea arc- divided.

Laryngo-typhoid [lar-in' '-go-H' '-J 'aid) , Laryngoty-
phus {Jar-in* -go-ti'-f us) [papvyg, larynx; ri
smoke]. I'yphoid fever associated with marked laryn-
geal complications.

Larynx [lar'-inks) \7vapvyt-, larynx]. The upper part
of the air passage between the trachea and the base
of the tongue. It comprises three single cartilages, the

th.-hyoid
M. st. th.

trach.

Larynx, Front View, Showing the Ligaments and
Insertion of Muscles.
O.h. Os hyoides. C. th. Thyroid cartilage. Corp.trit. Cor-
pus triticeum, or lesser cornu of tliehyoid bone. C.c. Cricoid
cartilage. C. tr. Tracheal i artilage. Lig. thyr -hyoid med.
Middle thyro-hyoid ligament. Lig. th.-h. lot. Lateral thyro-
hyoid ligament. Lig. cric-.-thyr. med. Middle crico-thyroid
ligament. Lig. eric -trach Crico-tracheal ligament. M.st-h.
Sterno-hyoid muscle. M. th.-hyoid. Thyro-hyoid muscle.
M. st.-th. Sterno-thyroid muscle. M. cr.-th. Crico-thyroid
muscle.

thyroid, the cricoid, and the epiglottis, and three pairs
of cartilages, the arytenoids and those of Santorini and
Wrisberg. It is lined by an extremely sensitive mucosa,
which is thrown into two transverse, lipped folds that
constitute the vocal bands.

Lascivious [las-it/ -e-us) [lascivia, wantonness]. Li-
bidinous. Wanton. Having an unlawful desire.

Laser (la'-scr) [L.]. I. A gum-resin highly prized by
the ancients ; probably the same as Asadulcis, q. v.
2. The resin of Laserpitium latifoliutn. Unof.

Laser, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Tabic
of

Laserpitium [las-er-pish' -e-ttm) [I-]- A genus of res-
inous and umbelliferous old-world herbs, various spe-

- of which have been employed in medicine. L.
latifolium, or laserwort, i- tonic and stimulant; its
root abounds in a cathartic gum-resin. Unof.

Lash [ME., la he, the Sexible end of a whip]. An
eye lash,

Lassaigne's Test. See Semen and Tests, Table of.

Lassar's Paste. A iia.--teu-.eil in tin- treatment of ery-
ma intertrigo. It consists of salicylic acid 30
grain-, oxid of zinc and powdered starch each 6
drams, vaselin _' ounces. This is spread over the
involved area. It is curative and affords protection
from discharges.

Lassitude {las' -it-iid) \lassitudo ; lassus, tired]. A
exhaustion or weakness, arising from causes
Other than fatigue.

Lasso-cell. < >ne of the peculiar filiferous cell like
structures of celenterates, having the power <>\ throw-
ing out withgreat rapidity the contained thread, which
produces a stinging sensation when brought in contact
with the skin ; a nettling cell ; an urticating 01

Lata, or Latah {la' -tali) [Jav.]. An hysl urosis

locally prevalent in Java, nearly identical with the
disorder of the jumpers in Maine and < anada, and
with the myriachit of Siberia. The will and the
motor center.-, appear to lack coordination, and the
patient becomes to some extent obedient to the will of
others, in spite of his own volitions. See Palmus
and Chorea, Automatic.

Latebra [latf -eb-rah) [/atebra.n hiding-]. lace : //., I.at-
ebrie~\. In biology, the central space of the food-yolk
of a meroblastic ovum.

Latebricole [lat-eb* '-rik-ol) [latebra, a hiding-place;
colore, to dwell]. In biology, inhabiting a hiding-
place, as certain spiders, crabs, etc.

Latency (/a' -tense) [latere, to be hid]. The condition
of being latent or concealed.

Latent (la'-tcnt) [latere, to be hid]. Concealed. Not
manifest. In physics, applied to heat that apparently
disappears when a liquid is vaporized or a solid melted.
L. Period, the time required for the incubation of a
disease. L. Squint. See Insufficiency.

Laterad [lat'-er-ad) \_latus, the side ; ad, to]. Toward
the lateral aspect.

Lateral \latf-er-al) [lateralis, belonging to the side].
At, belonging to, or pertaining to the side. Situated on
either side of the median vertical plane. See /'
and Direction, 7 able of. L. Column, that column of
the spinal cord between the ventral and dorsolateral
fissures. L. Ginglymus, an articulation in which a
pivot turns within a ring or a ring around a pivot. L.
Laparo-nephrectomy, Langenbuch's operation. See
Operations, Table of. L. Line, in biology, a very
delicate organ of sense, usually tubular, that runs
along each side of almost all fishes. According to
M. de Sede. it is sensitive to the faintest movements
of the water, giving the fish continual information
as to the state of the medium in which it lives. L.
Operation, that form of operation in lithotomy in
which the opening is made on the right or left side of
the perineum. L. Organs. See Organs. L. Plates,
the part of the mesoblast lying external to the pro-
vertebra.'. L. Sclerosis, Amyotrophic, a disease of
the lateral columns and anterior gray matter of the cord.
It is characterized by motor weakness and a spa-tic con-
dition of the limbs, associated with atrophy of the
muscles and final involvement of the nuclei in the
medulla oblongata. The cause is unknown, and death
may result in from two to three years. L. Sclerosis,
Primary, Spasmodic Tabes dorsalis ; Spasmodic Spinal
Paralysis : Spastic Paraplegia : a sclerotic disease of
the crossed pyramidal tracts of the cord characterized
by paralysis of the limbs, with rigidity, increased

I IV

I.. Sclert

L.

d in

.l.i. L.

i the

. the

liment D

n \u, horn].

the bill-sh

urn-

:,>!)■ See

•', a
if.
step]-

have

; rectus,
luscle. See

. side ;
Pi •Mining
L. Posture, S

iorly.
. lateral ;
the neck.

urn ,
upper

••roflexion ( ' hun)

d], Flexion or

>n iteral ;

Re-

■

ide ;
n the

LAI DANUM

to turn"). A term applied to the deviation of the
uterus from the central position. It may be quite con-
sistent with health and require no treatment

l ate . ■ L I ■ ■ liquid : //. , Latices\ 1 he sap or

the the tubes or vessels oi plants. L.-cells,

c< | to latex or milky juice.

Latham's Theory. A theorj as to the constitution of

the proteid molecule; it chums that the living proteid

lol achainofcyanalcohols.orcyanhydrins,

as they are sometinn ied, united to a benzene

nucleus.
Lathyrin [lath' -ir-in) [XaBvpig, pulse]. A bitter ex-
tractive of lathyrus,
Lathyrism (lath' -ir-izni) [Udvpig, pulse]. Lupuiosis;
an affection, observed only in males, produced by the
use J from varieties of vetches, chiefly the

xtivus and L. cicera. The grain is popu-
larly known as the chick-pea. It gives rise to a
form of spastic paraplegia, with tremor, involving
chiefly the legs, and this may proceed to complete
gia. There is exaggeration of the knee-jerk
and ankle-clonus. The arms are rarely, if ever,
cted. li appears to be a slow sclerosis induced by
this toxic agent.
Lathyrus (lath'-ir-us) [Aadvptr, pulse]. A genus of
leguminous plants. L. cicera, a species of vetch,
commonly known as "chick-pea." L. sativus.
See Lathyrism.
Latibulum (la-tib> '-u-lum) [L., latere, to lie hid]. A

lurking-plac ■ for disease, infection, or poison.
Laticiferous (lat-is-if '-er-us) [latex, liquid ; ferre, to
bear]. In biology, producing or containing latex, or
milky juice.
Laticostate (lat-ik-os' -tat) \latus, broad; costa, rib].

Having 1 in pad ribs.
Latifia (la-tif-e'-ah) [Cf. Ratafia']. An alcoholic li-
queur, or aromatic cordial, with tonic drugs, as gentian,
cherry-bark, quassia, and rhubarb; it is called also
Dutch bitters.
Latifoliate [lat-if-o> '-le-at) [/a/us, broad; folium, a

leaf] . 1 i ved.

Latipennate (lat-ip-en' -at) \latus, broad; penuatus,

winged]. Tn biology, broad-winged.
Latipennine (lat-ip-en' -in). Same as Latipennate.
Latissimus (lat-is' -im-us) [superl. of la/us, wide]. An
adjective signifying widest. It is used as descrip-
tive of certain muscles. L. colli. See Muscles
itysma myoides), Table of. L. dorsi. See
Muscles, Table of.
Latrine (la-trln') [Fr.]. A water-closet or privy,

ecially one in a public place or institution.
Lattice-work of the Thalamus. The formatio retic-
ularis, 1/ 7'.
Latus (la'-tus) [L.]. P.road. L. ani, synonym of

Levator ani. See Muscles, Table of.
Laudable (law' -da-bl) {laudabilis, or laudandum,
liseworthy]. Formerly, indicative of a healthy or
improving condition ; characterizing an active inflam-
mation, as laudable pus. (Obs.).
Laudanin (law1 '-dan-in) [Tiddavov, a gum], < '.,„! IrN04.
One of the alkaloids of opium. It is soluble in chlo-
roform and in alkaline solutions.
Laudanosin (law-dan' -o-sin) [X&Savov, a gum],

il,-\'i»r \ crystallizable alkaloid of opium.
Laudanum (lod'-an-um) [derivation undetermined;
by some derived from laudatum medicamentum, the
praiseworthy drug; l>v others from laude dignum,
irthy of praise; by others, again, from Ladanum~\.
Tinctura opii. See Opium. L., Liquid. Synonym of
Vinum opii. Sec Opium. L., Rousseau's, a prepa-
ration used in Belgium, France, and Mexico, consisting
of opium, h ir-yeast, water, and alcohol. L.,

LA EG 1 1

663

LAW

Sydenham's. Synonym of J'iuum opii. L., War-
ner's, an ammoniated tincture of opium. Unof.

Laugh [lahf ) [ME., laughen, to laugh]. I. To make
an audible expression of mirth. 2. The audible expres-
sion of mirth. L., Canine, L., Sardonic. Synonyms
of Ristts sardonicus , </. v.

Laughing, or Laughter [lahf-ing, lahff-ter) [Ml ,
laughen, to Laugh]. A succession of rhythmic, spas-
modic expirations with open glottis and \ ibration of the
vocal bands. L. Gas, nitrous oxid, or protoxid of
nitrogen. See Nitrous Oxid and Anesthetics. L.
Muscle, the risorius. See MuscL r, Table of.

Laugier's Hernia. See Hernia and Diseases, Table of.

Laumonier's Ganglion. The superior carotid gan-
glion.

Laurel {law'-rel, lor'-el) [laurus]. See Cherry-laurel,
California Laurel, Great Laurel, Kalmia, Laiirus.
L. -water, aqua laurocera-.i. See Chert y-laurel.

Laurer, Canal of. See Canal.

Laurin {lavZ-rin) [laurus, laurel] , C„_,II.1(/ ).,. A fatty,
crystallizable substance obtainable from the berries of
the European laurel, Lauras nobilis.

Lauro-cerasus [law-ro-ser1 '-as-us) [laurus, laurel ;
cerasus, cherry-tree]. See Cherry- laurel. Lauro-
cerasi folia, the leaves of the European cherry-laurel.

Laurus [laiv'-rus) [L.]. A genus of old-world trees
and shrubs; the true laurels. Formerly the plants
that produce benzoin , camphor, cassia, cinnamon, etc.,
were assigned to this genus, but at present it is much
restricted by botanists. L. nobilis, the noble laurel, is
indigenous in the south of Europe. Its fragrant oils
(one essential, from the leaves, and the other fixed,
from the berries) are chiefly used in liniments. Unof.

L-auryl {lavZ-ril) [laurus, laurel], G,.,!!.,-. A univa-
lent radicle, the hydrid of which is dodecane.

Laurylene {law'-ril-en) [laurus, laurel], C,,H.,4. A
liquid with a high boiling-point, found in certain
mineral oils.

Lauth's Ligament. See Ligament. L.'s Violet.
See Pigments. Conspectus of.

Lava (lah'-vah) [L. , a flood or torrent]. The molten
ejecta of a volcano.

Lavage Uav-ahzh') [Fr.]. Irrigation or washing out of
an organ, such as the stomach, the bowel, etc.

Lavamentum [lav-am-en' -turn) [lavare, to wash]. An
injection.

Lavandula (lav-an'-du-lah). See Lavender.

Lavater, Angle of. See An

Lavatera {lav-at-e' -rah) [after the two Lavaters, phy-
sicians of Zurich]. A genus of malvaceous trees,
shrubs, and herbs, natives of the old world. L.
thuringiaca, L. triloba, and others abound in
mucilage, and are used as demulcent remedies. Unof.

Lavation {lav-a1 '-shun) [lavatio, from lavere, to wash].
Lavage. L. of the Blood, intravenous injection of
water.

Lavatory (lav'-al-or-e) [lavatorium, aplace for bathing].
A wash or lotion for a diseased part.

Lave [lav) [lavare, to wash]. To wash; bathe.

Lavel {la'-vel) [Prov. Eng.]. A local name for the
epiglottis.

L,avem-znt (lar'-weut) [lavare, to wash]. I. Awash;
the act of washing. 2. A clyster or enema.

Lavender (lav'-en-der) [lavare, to wash]. The flowers
of Lavandula vera, having properties due to a volatile
oil. It is aromatic, stimulant, and carminative, but is
used mainly as a flavor and as an adjuvant to other medi-
cines. Lavandulae, Ol., the volatile oil distilled
from the whole herb. Dose mj-v. L., Ol., Flo-
rum, the oil distilled from the fresh flowers; prefer-
able to the preceding. Dose rT\j-v. A constituent
of Spt. edoratus. L., Spirit of, 5 p.irts of the oil

in 95 of alcohol ; a perfume. Dose 3SS_J- ^.,
Tinct., Comp., oil of lavender 8, oil of rosemary 2,
cinnamon IN, cloves 4, nutmeg IO, red saunders 8,
alcohol 680, water 270, dilute alcohol to make 1000.
Dose 3 SS— ij . A constituent of fowler's solution.

To tin- labiate genus Lavandula also belong Z. spica,
or broad lavender (which furnishes the oil of spike),

and other medicinal specie-,.

Laveran's Corpuscles, or Plasmodia. The Plas-
modia malaria, first described by Laveran as Os-
eillaria malaria. See Parasites {Animal), Tabic of,
and Plasmodium.

Laville's Liquid Mixture, or Antigout Remedy. A
mixture used in acute rheumatism. It is said to be a
tincture of quinin and thin, but very prob-

ably the active principle in it is colocynthin. See
Coloeynthis.

Lavipedium {lav-ip-ef-de-um -, to wash; pes,

foot]. A foot-bath ; a pediluvium.

Law {la?c) [ME., lawe, a law]. A generalized and
epitomized statement of fact-. A general rule, or
constant mode of action of forces, or phenomena. A
rule of action prescribed by authority. See Jurispru-
,1 nee. L. of Abridged Transmission, the forms
assumed by an individual in its ontogeny differ some-
what from the accepted ancestral type. L. of Adap-
tation, the law that a living organism, under wha
ever conditions, will mould itself into harmony with
those conditions, and thus continue its existence,
whether in a more perfect or less perfect form. L.,
Angstrom's, of Absorption-spectra, the " rays that
a substance absorbs are precisely those that it emits
when made self-luminous." L., Ampere's. See
Ampere. L. of Avogadro, equal volumes of all gases
and vapors, at like temperature and like pressure, con-
tain an equal number of molecules. L., Baer's, the
principle that the evolution of any animal form is
determined, first, by increasing histologic and morpho-
logic differentiation, and secondly, by transition from a
more general to a more specific type. L., Bell's, the
law that the ventral roots of the spinal nerves are
motor, and the dorsal sensory. See also Wallerian
D : neration. L., Berthollet's, when two salts in
solution can by double decomposition produce a salt
less soluble than either, this salt will be produced.
L., Boudin's, that antagoni.-m exists between tuber-
culosis and malaria. L., Boyle's, at any given
temperature the volume of a given mass of gas varies
inversely to the pressure that it bears. This is also
called Mariotte's lav. L., Brewster's, the angle of
polarization of a body is equal to that angle of incidence
at which the reflected rays are at right angles to
those refracted. L., Charles's, equal increments
of temperature add equal amounts to the product of
the volume and pressure of a given mass of gas. The
increase is ^1T of its volume measured at — 2730 ('.,
which is the zero of absolute temperature. L.,
Colles', a child born of a mother who is without ob-
vii ius venereal symptoms, and which, without being ex-
posed to any infection subsequent to it> birth,
symptoms of syphilis when a few weeks old. can infect
the most healthy nurse, whether she suckle it or merely
handle and dress it. while it will not infect its own
mother, even though >he suckle it while it has venereal
ulcers of the lip- and tongue. L. of Contemporane-
ous Transmission, changes in an individual appear
at the same time as they appeared in its ancestor. L..
Coulomb's, the force of attraction or repulsion between
two charges of electricity is proportional to the quantity
of electricity acting, and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them. L., Dalton's,
or L., Dalton-Henry's, although the volume of a gas

the

I through
L. Dom!

;he

:otonus, in

. the

uinished.
c-ntnc Sensations, that

• tile

.uan-
■ g upon it.

i the
elec-

ition

•

I the
: the
rithm

\

two

I.., Fleischl's, of Con-
•

mctional Sub-
1-., Gay-Lussac's

i

.
L., Graham's, ll

in in -
L., Gud-

■
I- . 1 ! i kel'a Kun-

■

I I.., Hilt

r the
L. of nomotopic

LAW

L., Hook and Gravesande's, of Elasticity,
that the tension is directly proportionate to the length
of , ctended, and to the amount "i the extend-

.ind that it is also inversely proportionate
to the d ofthe extended body. L., Huxley's,

tllL. eren > bei ween man and the higher

ss marked than those between the higher
lower apes. L., Joule's, the heating-power
rtional to the product "I the resist-
square ol the current-strength, and the time the
current flows. L., Kirchhoff's, in electricity : i. The
sum of all thepositive i urrents is equal to the sum of all
the negative currents, and, hence, if we add these, the
2. I he sum of all the electromotive
s in any circuit is equal to the sum of all the
products obtained by multiplying the separate currents
by | tances through which they are (lowing.

i. In optics, the law that a transparent body absorbs
of light passing through it those rays which
it emits in the incandescent state. See L., Angstrdn? -.
L., Kofacker-Sadler's, a law as to the cause of the
differenci From a study of 80,000 cases these

- conclude that it" the husband is youngei than
wife there an- a- many boysas girls; if both are of
the sam re are 1029 boys to 1000 girls; if the

husband is older, 1057 hoy-, toiooogirls. L., Kopp's
■ 1, the addition of CH2 to members of
in homologous series of chemic compounds
raises the l«>iling-point about IQ.50 C. L., Lenz's,
the law in eltctro-magnetic induction that the direction
of induced currents is such that their reaction arre-ts
the motion that produce.-, them. L., Levert's, that
in placenta prsevia there is a marginal insertion of the
cord. L., Listing's, pertain-, to the movements of the
eye-ball: when moved from the position of rest, the
angle of rotation in the second position is the same as
if the eye were turned about a fixed axi- perpendicular
to the first and second positions of the visual line.
L., Louis', in adults the lungs usually contain
tubercle when it is present elsewhere in the body. L.,
Magnus's, in thermo-electrii ity, the law that " in cir-
cuit- of the same metal throughout, no electromotive
force is produced by variation in temperature or of
section ofthe conductor at different parts ofthe circuit."
L., Malaguti's, when two salts are mixed in solution
double decomposition occurs and tour salts are formed
. the proportions of each depending on the
ngth of union of the respective basic and acid
radicles. L., Mariotte's, the law of physics that
the volume of a gas varies inversely as the pressure to
which it is subjected See /.., Boyle's. L. of
Molecular Weights, the molecular weight of an
menl is twice its atomic weight (with the exception
of 1 1.' and 1 d ) ; the molecular weight of a compound is
ii! the sum of the atomic weights of its
L. of Multiple Proportions, that two
uniting to form a series of chemic com-
tnds, do so in proportions that are simple multiples
ol one another or of one common proportion. L.,
Newton's, the unit force is thai force which, acting
tor unit 1 1 me on the unit mass, produces unit velocity.
L., Ohm's, the law that the current strength varies
dii tromotive force, and inversely as the

It is usually expressed by the formula

. in which C is the current in amperes; E,

1 >

the electromotive force in volts; R, the resistance of
the . that of the internal part of the

nit, in ohms. L. of Organic Balance, exces-
■ opment of one pari n organism is coun-

tei by deficient growth of another part. L.,

Pfluger's, "a given tract of nerve is stimulated by

LAWN-TENNIS ARM

»;.;.-.

LEAD

the appearance of kathelectrotonus and the disap-
pearance of anelectrotonus — not, however, by the
disappearance of kathelectrotonus, or by the appear-
ance of anelectrotonus.'' L. of Progress, the law
of progressive increase in the perfection of organisms
in the successive periods of the earth's history. L.,
Psycho-physical. See L., Fechner's. L. of Re-
ciprocal Proportions, two elements combining with
a third do so in proportions that are simple multi-
ples or simple fractions of those in which they com-
bine with each other. L. of Refraction, that rays
of light entering a denser medium are deflected toward
a perpendicular drawn through the point of incidence,
and those entering a rarer medium are deflected away
from the same perpendicular. L., Ritter's or Ritter-
Valli's, it' a nerve be separated from its center, or if
the center die, the excitability of the nerve is in-
creased; the increase of excitability begins at the
central end, and travels towards the periphery; the
excitability then /a/Is until it disappears entirely. L.
of Sexual Transmission, a parent transmits charac-
teristics to children of his or her sex not transmitted to
the opposite sex. L., Stokes' : i. See Z. , Angstrom's.
2. Every muscle in relationship with an inflamed
mucous or serous surface becomes paralyzed. L.,
Tait's, in every disease of the abdomen or pelvis in
which the health is destroyed or life is threatened, and
in which the condition is evidently not due to malig-
nant disease, an exploration of the cavity by celio-
tomy should be made. L., Toynbee's, a law con-
cerning intracranial disease secondary to otitis. It
is that the cerebellum and lateral sinus suffer from
disease of the mastoid, while the cerebrum is endan-
gered by caries of the tympanic roof. L., Valli-
Ritter's. See Z., Ritter-Valli's. L., Van der
Kolk's, the sensory libers of a mixed nerve are dis-
tributed to parts i hat are moved by muscles that re-
ceive the motor libers of the same nerve. Thus, in
nerve-lesions the chief sensory symptoms are always
peripheral or distal from the chief motor symptoms.
L., Volta's, of Tension, the contact of two differ-
ent substances produces an electromotive force equal
to the algebraic difference of their electric condition,
which difference is constant for the same substances.
I_., Vulpian's, the functions of a destroyed portion
of an animal's brain are assumed by the remaining
portion. L., Wallerian, of Degeneration ; bom
experiments Waller showed that the trophic centers of
the ventral roots of spinal nerves lie in the multipo-
lar nerve-cells of the ventral horns of gray matter,
while those of the dorsal roots lie in the ganglia placed
upon them. Generalized, the law predicates that
the course of the impulses in a nerve may be ascer-
tained by tracing the course of the subsequent degen-
eration. L-., Weber's, the principle that that varia-
tion of stimulus that causes the smallest appreciable
variation in sensation maintains, approximately, a
fixed ratio to the total stimulus. See also Z.,
Fechner's.

Lawn-tennis Arm. Displacement of the tendon, or
body (or both) of the pronator radii teres. Com-
mon in lawn-tennis players. L.-t. Knee. See Knee.
L.-t. Leg, tendinous, fascial, or muscular rupture
in the calf or sura.

Lawsonia [law-so'-ne-ah). See Henna.

Lax [Inks) tlaxus, loose]. Loose ; not tense.

Laxarthrus [laks-arf -thrus) [/axus, loose; apdpov,
joint]. Luxation of a joint.

Laxative [laks'-at-iv) [laxativus ; laxare, to loosen], i.
Aperient ; mildly cathartic. 2. An agent that loosens
the bowels ; a mild purgative.

Laxator [laks-af '-tor) [laxare, to loosen]. That which

loosens or relaxes. A name applied to various mus-
cles. L. tympani. See M. of.

Laxitas [laks'-it-as] [L.]. I L. alvi, diar-

rhea. L. gingivarum, spongy gums. L. intes-
tinorum, diarrhea. L. ventriculi, atony of the
stomach.

Laxity (Inks' ■//-<■) [laxitas, looseness]. Lack or loss
of tone or tension ; a relaxed, loose, or spongy state of
a ti-

Layer [la'-er) [ME., leyer, a layer]. A mass of uni-
form, or nearly uniform, thickness, -pread over or
covering a considerable area. L., Bacillar [of the
retina), the layer of rods and conesof the retina. L.,
Basement, basement membrane, q. v. L., Bow-
man's. See Lamina, Bowman's. L., Fibrous [of the
pericardium), the outer layer of the pericardium, con-
tinuous above with the deep cervical fascia. L., Funda-
mental, one of the three layer-, of the blastoderm, q. v.
L., Ganglionic, a layer of angular cells of the cerebral
cortex, best developed in the motor area. L., Ger-
minal. See /.., Fundamental. L., Henle's, the
outer layer of the inner root-sheath of the hair. L.,
Huxley's, the inner layer of the inner root-sheath of
the hair. L., Horny [of the epiderm), the superficial
layer of the skin. L., Inner Molecular, one of the
layers of the retina. L., Latticed, the formatio reticu-
laris, q. v. L., Malpighian, the rete mucosum of
the skin. L., Ollier's. See Z., Osteogenetic. L.,
Osteogenetic, the lower layer of periosteum, con-
nected witli tin formation of bone. L., Papillary f
the skin I , the upper layer of the true skin, having papil-
lary projections fitting into the epidermis. L., Pig-
mentary 1 1'/* the retina), the innermost layer of cells
of the retina extending also to the choroid, ciliary body,
and iris. L., Primitive, or Primordial, the layers of
the blastoderm ; by some applied to epiblast, hypo-
blast, and mesoblast ; by others to the first two only.
L. of Rods and Cones. See Z., Bacillar, and
Retina. L., Serous, the ental layer of serous mem-
branes, consisting of endothelium.

Layering [la'-er-ing) [ME., leyer, a layer]. The
propagation of plants by layers.

Layette [lay-el') [Fr. ]. The full outfit of garments,
bedding, etc. , for a new-born child.

Layman [la'-man) [D., Iceman, a layman]. A mem-
ber of the laity.

Lazar (/a'-zar) [from Lazarus, a Biblical name]. An
old name for a leper, or for any person having a repul-
sive disease.

Lazaret Fever. A synonym of Typhus Fever, q. v.

Lazaretto [laz-ar-et'-o) [Itab, a pest-house]. A quar-
antine establishment. Also, a place for fumigation
and disinfection.

Lazari malum [laz'-ar-i maf-luni) [L., "Lazarus'
ill'']. Synonym of Leprosv.

Lazulite (laz'-u-lit) [S., azul, blue]. A mineral of a
light-blue color, composed of the hydrous phosphate
of aluminum, magnesium, and iron.

Leaching [lich'-ing) [ME., leechen, to wet]. In
chemistry, removing by percolation.

Lead [led) [ME., Iced, lead]. See Plumbum. L.,
Black. See Graphite. L. -colic. See Colic. L.-
encephalopathy, a morbid condition of the brain due
to chronic lead-poisoning. L.-line, blue line ; the line
of discoloration on the gums in cases of chronic lead-
poisoning. L. -pipe Contraction, Wei r M itch el Is term
for the marked resistance encountered in attempting to
flex the legs in cases of spa-tic paraplegia of infants,
the resistance gradually yielding as the effort to flex is
maintained ; also the condition of the limbs in the
cataleptic state in which they maintain any position
that is given them. L.-pipe Paralysis. Same as

It

I

L.-poisonirv

the

:. IIS

lis,

.

the

n which

L. -green.

; thin ;

L.-faced ; a thin fai

edition
■ fat <>r flesh.

und : to

Mania.
■ network

may be

\ material

lethods.

■
nd lirm-
from the
■■ fine

I

igih
ng it

fhers

hair

I E( I UAL

sheep-skin rugs, etc., as well as light calf-kid

ather, are always alum tanned. The glove-

leather thus obtained has softness and considerable

ngth, but is not thoroughly watei resistant. Parch-

■ : the first of these is prepared from

sheep and goats, and the second from the

- of calves. The skins are washed, limed, un-

haired, and fleshed, and then stretched thoroughly.

They are then again well-scraped and rubbed with

Ull nd allowed to dry on a frame in the

shade, eare being taken to avoid sunshine or frost. Very

tine vellum- are prepared with the finest pumice-stone.

. a valuable side product of the leather indus-

li i- essentially an emulsion of oxidized fish-oil,

luced by soluble albuminoids. It is used largely

urrying purposes. L. -brown. Same as Pheny-

m. L.-wood. See Dirca palustris.

Leathery Ueth'-et I [ME.,Mw, leather]. Resem

bling leather; applied to thickened arteries, to various

tough tissues in the body, and to the liver, spleen,

or hi
Leaven {leiZ-n) \levare, to raise]. A name given to
several i! ferments belonging to the class of

omyces, of which the culture known as "sour
dough " is a common example.
Leban, Leben (lefi'-an, leb'-en) [Ar., leban\ A
variety of f< I milk of the Arabs. It is made

by adding some of the fermented milk of the previous
day to the fresh milk as soon as it is brought in from
the milking. U is a slightly acid fluid of the consist-
ence of cream, with small, flaky curds, and with the
taste of buttermilk. It is easily digested, and hence is
suitable for invalids. It corresponds to the "Mafeoott"
of the Turks.
Leber's Disease. Congenital malformation of the
optic nerve, with atrophy. Hereditary optic atrophy.
See Disease's, Tabic of.
Lecat's Gulf. The dilated bulbous portion of the urethra.
Lecheguana {la-cha-gwan'-ati) [Port.]. A kind of
poisonous hoi lected in S. America from flowers

of the genera Paullinia and Serjania. It produces
hilarity, followed by heavy narcotic slumber, and later
by melancholic depression. I not".
Lechopyra {lek-op' -ir-ah) [/f.V"> a lying-in woman;

nvp, tire, fever]. Puen)eral fever.
Lecithigenous (les-itk-ij' -en-u i ['/imdoq, yolk; yev-

. to beget]. Producing lecithin.
Lecithin {les' -ith-iri) [At/atfoc, yolk of egg], C^Hjq-
NfP( >,,. \ complex nitrogenous fatty substance occur-
ring widely spread throughout the animal body. It
i- found in the blood, bile-, and serous fluids, as well
in the brain, nerves, yolk of egg, semen, pus, and
white blood-corpuscles. It is a colorless, slightly
substance, readil) soluble in cold, and very
much so in hot alcohol. It -wells up in water, and
throws out curling filamentous processes at the same
time. It i decomposed. The lecithins, as a

-. form a group of substances the type of which is
normal lecithin.
Lecithoid [les' -ith-oid) [>>kiHoc, yolk; eldog, like].

mbling lecithin.
Lecithophore [lesr -ith-o-for) [Xiiadog, yolk; ipopelv, to
u I. \ layer of ((.lis in the ovum, constituting the
' 'ion cavity.
Lecithus (/ ilk]. The egg-yolk.

Lecithymen (les-itk-i' '-men) [teiadog, yolk ; vfifyv, mem-
brane], 'ihi' vitelline membrane.
Leclanche Cell. See Cell.
Lee ,.,7,'j, penis]. The penis.

Lectual {lek'-tu-al) [L., lectus, a bed]. Pertaining to
a bed or i ouch. L. Disease, a disease that confines
to bed.

LECTULUS

667

I I. Mil HOCHORTON

Lectulus {lekf -tU'ltts) [dim. of iectus, bed]. An old
name for various forms of splints, cushions, and pads
used in surgery; also, a bed or couch; a couch or
mattress containing medicinal substances. L. medi-
catus, a dry fomentation.

Ledon [le'-don) [Xf/dov, cistus]. Sec Ladanum.

Ledoyen's Disinfecting-fluid. A solution of lead
nitrate.

Ledran's Suture. See Suture.

Ledum (/,■' ' Jum) ['/f/dor, a species of cistus]. A genus
of ericaceous shrubs. L. palustre, marsh-tea, the
leaves of which have been used as a febrifuge and
sedative, and in skin-diseases. Unof.

Ledyson, Powder of. A powder containing Armenian
bole, with powdered charcoal, slaked lime, sal am-
moniac, and powdered cinnamon.

Leech {lech) [AS., lace, physician]. i. Hirudo mcdi-
cinalis, or other worm shaped aquatic and blood-
sucking animals employed in surgery. 2. Formerly a
medical practitioner; a physician. 3. To extract
blood by leeching. See Hirudo. L., Artificial, an
apparatus for cupping. See Heurteloup. L. -craft,
an archaic name for the art of healing. L., Horse.
See Horse-leech. L.-tube, a glass tube in which a
leech is placed so that its mouth will come in contact
with the skin of the part over which the tube is placed.

Leecher (lech'-er) [ME., leeche, a physician]. A per-
son who applies leeches.

Lees (lez) [AS., Ices, dregs]. The dregs or solid mat-
ter held in suspension by a liquid, that finally settles
at the bottom of the vessel. Especially the sediment
of vinous liquors. Also, a valuable side-product in
the manufacture of wine. It is the deposit formed on
the bottom of the casks, and consists of from 30 to 40
per cent, of vegetable matter, the remainder being
tartrates, sulphates (in plastered wines), alumina,
phosphoric acid, etc.

Leeting [Uf '-trig's. The exudation on the surface of
the skin in eczema.

Le Fort's Operation. See Operations, Table of

Left [ME., left, left]. Sinistral; opposite of right.
The left-hand side. In man and other mammals, the
side containing the larger part of the heart. L.-
brained, having the speech-center in its normal situ-
ation, in the left third frontal, or subfrontal convolu-
tion. L. -handed, having more power and dexterity
in the left than in the right hand. L. Lateral
Recumbent Position. See Postures, Table of.

Leg [ME., /<?<,, leg]. The lower extremity of man,
especially that part from the knee to the ankle. An
organ of locomotion in man and other animals. L.,
Bandy, bow-leg. L., Barbadoes, elephantiasis of
the leg. L., Black, of Canada, a condition of
purpura affecting the legs of Canadian lumbermen.
L., Cochin. See L., Barbadoes. L., Crossed, a
crossing of the axes of the legs. L., Dentist's, a
painful cramp in the leg-muscles of dentists. L.,
Dover's, a term for hypochondriasis. L.-ill. See
Black Leg. L., Lawn-tennis. See Laivn-tennis Leg.
L., Milk, phlegmasia alba dolens. L., Scissors. See
L., Crossed. L. , Weeping, a leg the seat of eczema
madidans. L., White. See L., Milk.

Legal (lef-gal) [lex legis, law]. Pertaining to law.
L. Medicine, medical jurisprudence.

Legal's Disease. Headache due to meningo-tympanic
disease. .See Diseases, Table of.

Legitimacy (le-jif '-im-as-e) [legitimare, to make law-
ful]. . The condition of being within the bounds of the
law. Also, the statutory recognition of a child born
within wedlock, or within a period of time necessary
to gestation, which may elapse after the death of the
father.

Legume (leg/-um or leg-Urn') \legere, to gather (so-
called because it may be gathered by the hand) ]. In
biology, the fruit "i plants of the pea or pulse family,
a pod splitting along both sutures, and formed from
a simple pistil.

Legumin {leg-uf -miti) \legumen, pulse]. A proteid
compound in the seeds .>i many plants belonging to
the natural order of leguminosse. Vegetable casein.
See ( 'asein.

Leguminosae (leg-u min-o'-se) \legumen, pulse]. The
pulse family ; an important family of plants compris-
ing the bean, the clover, the lentil, the pea.
Licorice, indigo, gum arable, senna, are also obtained
from species of this family.

Leguminous {leg-u' '-min-us) [legumen, pulse]. Per
taining to or resembling the Leguminosce.

Leicester System. A system of combating smallpox
that consists in isolation, quarantine, and disinfection,
without vaccination.

Leiocephalous (li-o-sef'-al-us) [Xeiog, smooth; hioa'/J/,
head]. Having a smooth head.

Leiodermia (li-o-der' '-me-ah) [>",.,, smooth; Sipfia,
skin]. A disease of the skin marked by abnormal
glossiness, and by atrophy.

Leiodermatous (li-o-der' '-mat-us) [Xelog, smooth ;
6ep/ia, skin]. Smooth-skinned.

Leiomyoma (li-o-mi-o'-mah) ['/.fine, smooth ; five,
muscle ; bun, a tumor: />/., Leiomyomala\ A tumor
consisting largely of unstriped muscle-fibers.

Leiopilous (li-op'-il-us) [Attoc, smooth ; "//<»;, wool].
Same as Leiocephalous.

Leiopus (li'-o-fius) [/.t'toc, smooth ; ~ol%, foot]. Syn-
onym of Talipes planum, ox flat-foot.

Leiotrichous, Liotrichous (li-of -rik-us) ['/Cine,
smooth ; dpi!-, hair]. Having smooth or straight hair.
See Lissotrichous.

Leiphemia (li-fe' '-me-ah) [Xeiiretv, to fail ; a/wa, blood].
Failure, poverty, or a depraved state of the blood.

Leipodermia (li-po-der4 '-me-ah) [Xeiireiv, to leave;
Skppa, skin]. A deficiency of the skin, especially of
the prepuce.

Leipomeria (li-po-me* -re-aK) [/.e'i-eiv, to leave; uipoc,
part]. A monstrosity with absence of one or more
limbs.

Leipopsychia (li-pop-si'-ke-ah) [Xeiireiv, to fail ; ipvxtj,
spirit]. Fainting; weakness; asphyxia.

Leipothymia (li-po-thif -me-ah) [Xeiireiv, to fail; dvpoq,
mind]. A fainting or syncope.

Leipothymic (li-po-fhi'-»iik\ ['/ti-nr, to fail ; 9vft6g,
mind]. Faint ; affected with or pertaining to leipo-
thymia.

Leipsic Green. Same as Schweinfurth Green. L.
Yellow. Same as Chrome-yellow.

Leipyria (li-ptr' '-e-ah) [Aeiireiv, to fail; irvp, fire].
Coldness, as of the extremities, during a high fever.

Leitch's Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of .

Leiter's Apparatus, Coil, or Tubes. Tubes of soft,
flexible metal designed for application about any part of
the body. Cold water is passed through the tu
thereby reducing the temperature of the parts encased.

Leithner's Blue. Same as Cobalt-blue.

Lekene (/e'-keu). The principal constituent of Cau-
casian ozokerite ; it melts at 790 C, and has the com-
position CnH2n+2 or C',,11,,,.

Lema (le'-mah) ['/i/uy, rheum]. The collection of dried
matter sometimes seen at the canthus of the eye.

Lembert's Suture. See Suture.

Lemery's Powder. A stimulant and digestive powder
containing cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, cloves, mace,
musk, and raisins. L.'s Salt, magnesium sulphate.

Lemithochorton (lem-ith-o-kor4 '-ton). Same as Hel-
mint hochor ton.

I.

A

■
i \

the

' miin
nd.

L.,
. m
, . gullet ;

ix or

;

:idle of.

if the

i us than

J. i. Leniti
: application.
A liniment

• itis,
lai tissue of

Emollient
\n emoll

'hartic

•I piece
of light.
L., Achromatic.
I. , A p. .chromatic. S(

ndric.

■

L.,

I. Bifocal.

: tile

L., Con-
I- . Crystalline,

ivcx

1 EN riCULAR

the lens of the eve, situated immediately behind th«
pupil. L., Cylindric (either minus or plus), one
nacylindric tool. i. ... one with a plane sur-
us and a i oncave or convex surface in the
right angles to the first. L., Decentered, one
in which the optic center is nol 0] it the pupil oJ
the eye. L., Dispersing, a name for a concave lens.
L. -paper, a soft absorbent paper much used for clean-
ing lenses; it is also known as Japanese filter-paper.
L., Periscopic, one with con • 01 convexo

-. the opposite sides being of different
curvatures ; it is used to avoid spheric aberration, and
field of clear vision; such lenses are
called L., Plano-concave, Plano-

12 3 4 5

Different Forms of Spheric Lenses.
i. Biconvex lens. 2. Plano-convex 3. Concavo-convex, ot
convergent meniscus. f Biconcave 5. Plano-concave.
6. Com we, or divergent meniscus.

convex, Plano-cylindric, have a plane surface upon
one side and a curved surface upon the reverse side.
L., Prismatic, a triangular bar of "lass. L., Spheric,
one whose curved surface, either concave or convex, is
a segment of a sphere, in contradistinction to a cylin-
dric lens. L., Sphero-cylindric, one with a spheric
surface upon one side, and a cylindric surface upon the
reverse, used for the correction of either myopia or
hyperopia, associated with astigmatism. See Spectacle-
lenses. L.-star, the stellate figure seen on the pos-
terior surface of the crystalline lens. L., Test or
Trial, one of a set of lenses employed in determining
refractive errors.
Lenticel {len> '-tis-el) [lenticella; dim. of lens, lentil].
Any one of the little mucous follicles or crypts at the
e of the tongue ; any lenticular gland. In biology,
a lens-shaped collection of cells ; applied to the dot- on
new hark and to certain glands.
Lenticellate (len-tis-el' -at) [lenticella; dim. of lens,

lentil]. Having lenticels.

Lenticonus [len-tik-o1 '-nus) [lens, a lens; conus, a

ie]. A ran-, usually congenital, anomaly of the

, in which there is a conical prominence upon its

rior, or more rarely upon its posterior, surface.

Lenticula {len-tik' '-u-lah), Lenticule [len'-tik-Hl ) [I.. ;

dim. of lens, lentil : />/., Lenticulce~\. I. Same as

\ mass of gray matter in the brain situ-

d in the hemicerebral wall, between the caudatum

I the cortex. It consists of three zones known as

articuli, all more or less striated, the ental the small-

tal, also called putamen, the largest

reddish-gray color than the

twu mesal divisions, which together are termec

bus pallidus. 3. In biology: (a) a spore-case;

i Ileekle.

Lenticular {len-tik' -u-lar) \lenticularis ; lens, a lentil].
Pertaining! sembling, a lens; also a descrip-

tive term applied to an instrument with a curved . m
tin I ! removing the rough edges of hone made

by the trephine. L. Ganglion. See Ganglia, Tabu
L. Nucleus, the lenticula, q. v.

I I \ I [FORM

(if!!)

LEPROLOGY

Lentiform {Jenf -tif-orm) . See Lenticular.
Lentigines (Jen tij'-in ez) \lens, a lentil]. Sec /. n
L. leprosse, the pigmented spots ol mai ular Leprosy.

Lentiginose, Lentiginous (len-tij' '-in-dz, In-tij'-in us)
\Jentiginosus, freckled]. Affected with lentigo.
Speckled or freckled.

Lentigo (len-ti' '-go) | is, a lentil; pi. , Lentigines'].
A freckle ; ephelid. A circumscribed spot orpatchof
pigment, small in size, and occurring mainly on the
face ami hands. Freckles rarely occur before the age
of eight years, and are not common in aged persons.
They are most frequent among people of light com-
plexion. Those occurring upon parts of the body n<>t
exposed to the sun's rays are called ' ' cold frechles."
L. aestiva, summer freckles. L. congenita, pig-
mented nevus.

Lentil (len'-Hl) [lenticula, a lentil]. The plant Lens
esculenta ; also its Hat lenticular seed, a kind of pulse,
valued as an article of food.

Lentitis (len-tif-iis). Set! Phakitis.

Lentoid (len'-toid) \lens, lentil; elSog, like]. Lens-
shaped, or lenticular.

Lentor {len'-tor) \lentor ; lentus, adhesive]. Viscidity
of a liquid ; slowness of any function, or process. L.
cordis, sluggishness of the heart.

Lentous (len'-tus) [lentus, thick]. Thick, tenacious,
or viscid.

Lenus (le'-nus) [/.//rdo, a depression]. A depression ;
the torcular herophili, q. v.

Lenz's Law. See Z./;, '.

Leonard's Tint. A name for methyl-violet, penta-
methyltriamido-triphenylcarbinol, used for staining mi-
croscopic sections and bacteria.

Leonine (le'-o-nln) \leoninus, belonging to a lion].
1. ion-like ; resembling a lion.

Leontiasis (le-on-ti' -as-is) \leo, a lion]. A variety of
elephantiasis in which the patient's face is said to re-
semble that of a lion. Sec Elephantiasis and
Leprosy. L. ossea, L. ossium, a form of sclerosis of
bone, following osteitis, in which nodular deposits are
seen upon the diseased bone. L. vitulina, a con-
genital disease characterized by a painless enlargement
of the face, giving it some resemblance to that o! a calf.

Leontodin (le-on' -to-din) Ykkuw, a lion; bdovg, a
tooth]. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of
dandelion, Leontodon taraxacum; it is a tonic,
diuretic, aperient, and hepatic excitant. Dose two to
four grains. Unof.

Leontodon {le-on* -to-don) . See Taraxacum.

Leonurus (le-on-u' '-rus). See Motherwort.

Leopard's Bane Uep'-ardz ban'). See Arnica.

Lepal (lef-pal) [Xemg, a scale]. In biology, a barren
stamen ; a stamenode.

Leper {lep'-er) \Xenp6g, scaly]. One affected with
leprosy.

Lepidin (lepf-id-in) [3,£trc, scale], C9H6(CHS)N.
i. Methyl-quinolin, a substance tint occurs with quino-
lin and quinaldin in coal tar. and i~ obtained on distill-
ing cinchonin with potassic hydrate. It possesses an
odor like that of quinolin, and boils at 2570 C. 2. A
bitter principle from Lepidium Uteris ; it is reputed to
be antipyretic. Unof.

Lepidium (lep-id/-e-um) [A\eiri6tov; /r-!c, scale]. A
genus of cruciferous herbs ; cress, or peppergrass. L.
iberis, L. latifolium, L. ruderale, L. sativum, and
L. virginicum, have been used in medicine. They
are antiscorbutic, and stimulant, and are reputed to be
antipyretic. Unof.

Lepido- {lep'-id-o-) [/et/c, scale]. A prefix signifying a
scale, or scaly.

Lepidoid [lepr -id-oid) [Xeicic, scale]. Having the ap-
pearance of a scale.

Lepidoplastic [lep-id-o-plas' -tik) [Xeirie, scale; tz'/.aa-
, to form]. Forming scales.

Lepidoptera Qep-id-op' -ter-ah) [>-t/c, scale; irrep&v, a
winy]. An order "f insects distinguished bj fi ather-
tles and a spirally-coiled suctorial ap iratus.
The order includes butterflies and moths.

Lepidosarcoma (lep-id-o mr-kof-mah) \7&idq, scale ;
ireoma] A sarcoma covered with scales,
occurring in the mouth.

Lepidosin (lep-id' -o-sin) ['/t-ir, scale]. A substance in
the scales "f fishes analogous to dentine.

Lepidosis (lep-id-o* '-sis) [ ale]. Same as Ichthy-

osis. Also, a synonym of Lepra and of Pityriasis.

Lepidote (lep'-id-ot) [>•■ rrig, a scale]. In biology,
scurfy or covered with small scales.

Le Pita. Synonym of 7'inca imbricala.

Lepocyta [lep-os' '-it-ah) [Aeirog, a scale, a husk ; m -
hollow, a cavity]. In biology, a unicellular organ-
ism furnished with a limiting membrane. Cf. Gym-
nocyta.

Lepocyte (lep/-o-sil) [Xenoc, a scale, a husk ; ni -
hollow]. In biology, a nucleated cell possessing a cell-
wall. Cf. Gymnocyte.

Leposteophyton, or Leposteophytum {lep-os-te-o-fi'-
ton, lep-os-te-o-fi' -lion ) [Aeirof, scale; harem, bone;
"i ""r, plant]. A new growth of bone, scaly in
character.

Lepothrix (lep* '-o-thriks) ['/i-or, scale; 0p/f, the
hair]. A condition in which the hair-, of the axillae
or scrotum are fringed with feather-like masses along
the shaft, or become encased in a sheath of hardened
sebaceous matter.

Lepra (lepf-rah) \teirpa, leprosy]. 1. Leprosy. An en-
demic, chronic, and highly malignant disease, some-
what analogous to syphilis in pathologic character. It
is prevalent in Europe and Asia, especially along the
.Mediterranean shores, but is rare in North America.
It is a constitutional disease preceded by malaise, de-
bility, and languor, followed by characteristic bullous,
macular, or tubercular lesions of the skin. Its cause
is the Bacillus leprce discovered by Hansen.
Leprosy, and Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of, and
also Psoriasis. 2. A so called " false leprosy," ap-
parently a form of psoriasis. L. alba or albida,
white leprosy. L. alphos. See Psoriasis. L. anaes-
thetica. See Leprosy. L. antanea. Same as
Leprosy, Tuberculated. L. fungifera. Synonym of
Frambesia. L. ichthyosis. Ichthyosis, q. v. L.
italica, or mediolanensis, pellagra, q. v. L. macu-
losa, the stage of true leprosy, characterized by the
presence of pigment-spots. L. mediolanensis. See
Z. italica. L. melas, black leprosy. L. mutilans,
the final stage of true leprosy, in which there is
a loss of members. L. nervorum. See Leprosy,
Nerve. L. nervosa. Same as Leprosy, Anesthetic,
q. 7: L. nodosa, or L., Nodular. See J. prosy.
L., Non-tuberculated. Sei y. L.ofWillan,

psoriasis. L. tuberosa. See Leprosy. Tuberculated.
L. umbrosa. See Leprosy, Black. L. vera. See
Leprosy. L. vulgaris, a synonym of psoriasis.

Leprelcosis (tep-rel-ko'-sis) [Xiirpa, lepra; k'/Kuaic,
ulceration]. Leprous ulceration.

Lepriasis (Jep-ri' '-as-is) [Aiirpa, leprosy]. A synonym
of leprosy and of psoriasis; an obsolescent term
vaguely used to designate various scaly diseases of the
skin.

Lepric (lep'-rik) [/t-jiiKoc, leprous]. Pertaining to
lepra.

Leprologist [lep-roP -o-jisf) [>i~pa, leprosy; 7.6yoq,
science]. An expert or specialist in leprology.

Leprology (lep-rol'-o-je) [Wiirpa, leprosy; Tu&yoc,
science]. The science of leprosy.

II 1 1

670

I EPTOMENINGES

Lcpromorphc

the

ln.mi-
.

It

I, non tuber-

ited.

i the

diarrhea,

spiration,

1040

months, 1

• lUS Spots

, the anterior

inthem is

: purplish red

I 1 his li posit

- of from
r. Papules then form

- egg and
ITuberculation

r the
•
•turn, and penis.

in thickening

in, and the

Non-

fi irm.

• in. At the

it, usually

inns,

I . Veil-

t. They

usually a
ith results
I debility,
ommon t

■
I v i 5

ind the
L., Anesthetic.
L., Articular
!. Black, a furm in w

I.
I- . Italian. Pell
L ■ : L., Mae

! by the
I- of Mal-
L., Mixed Tubercu-
I- Nerve,

! the

|ep, iplasm in the peripheral sensory nerves,

.„,,, r extent in the motor branches also.

The condition i> marked l>\ pain along the course
, nerves, followed by an eruption of
maculae whi< h a- they enlarge become anesthetic.
L., Nodular. See /., Tubercu lar, under Leprosy.
L.. Smooth, anesthetic leprosy. L., Tubercular,
and L., Tuberculated. See Leprosy. L., White.

Leprotic ' ik), Leprous [lep'-rus) [Mirpa, lep-

Affected with, or relating to, leprosy.
Leprousness {lepr" -rus-nes) [leprosus, leprous]. The

state <>f being leprous.
Leptandra m'-drah) [Xeirrdg, thin; avfjp, male].

Culver's Root. The rhizome and rootlets of L.vir-

now called Veronica virginica. Its properties

thought to Ik' due to a glucosid, leptandrin. It i>

a tonic, laxative, and cholagogue, and is indicated in

indigestion and chronic constipation. Dose of the
i. gr. j-iij ; of the fid. ext. Itixx-gj.
Leptandrin [lep-tan' -drin) [>,'.-rr», thin; avf)p, male].

The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Leptan-
dra [Veronica) virginica; alterative, deobstruent,

laxative, cholagogue, and tonic. Dose from 2 to 4

grains. Unol.
Lepthymenia [lep-thi-me' '-ne-ah) ['/f7tt6c, thin ; hftfyv,

membrane]. Delicacy or thinness of membrane.
Lepthymenic {lep-thi-men' -ik) \1e-kt6c, thin; Ififfv,

membrane]. Relating to lepthymenia.
Lepto- [lep'-to-) ['/i-roc, thin, small, slender]. A

x signifying small or slen>
Leptocardia \lep-to-karf -de-ah) [>f~roc, thin; Kapdia,

heart]. A group of fishes of which the lancelets are

the only r presentatives.
Leptocephalia (lep-to-sef-a'-Je-ak) [?.e-r6<;, thin, small ;
head]. Abnormal smallness or narrowness of

the skull.
Leptocephalic (lep-to-jef-al'-ik), Leptocephalous [lep-
•f'-al-us) [leirrdg, slight ; Kioa'/r/, head]. Having

an abnormally small head.
Leptocephalus [Up to-sef '-al-us) [^£7rr<5c, thin ; w

head]. A monster with an abnormally small head

from premature union of the frontal and sphenoid

bones.
Leptocephaly [lep-to-seff-al-e). See Leptocephalia.
Leptochasmus {lep-to-kaz* -mus) [>e— roc, thin ; ^dir^n,

chasm]. 1 is-auer's term for a skull in which the

angle formed by two lines drawn from the punctum

ale vomeris to the posterior nasal spine and the

anterior margin of the foramen magnum respectively

i^ between 940 and 114°.
Leptochroa [lep-tok' -ro-ah) [Xeirrdg , thin ; XP^a> skin].

I '( licacy of the skin.
Leptochrous (Up1 '-tok-rus) [aettt6c, thin ; XP^ai skin].

Having a delicate skin.
Leptochymia (/</> to-klmf -e-ah) [lenrdc, thin ; Jiy/^c,
ce]. Abnormal thinness or meagerness of the

fluids of the body.
Leptodactylous [lep-to-dak' -til-us) \_af~t6c, delicate ;
rvTvog, digit]. Characterized by slenderness of the

fingers or toes, or both.
Leptodera [lep-tod' -er-ah) [AETrr^c, thin ; Skpog, skin].

A genus of vinegar eels. L. stercoralis. See

Thread ind Parasites {Animal), Table of.

Leptodermic, Leptodermous [lep-to-der* '-mik , lep-to-
f-mus) [/'-r.yr, thin; dipfia, skin]. Having a

delicate >kin.
Leptodontous [lep-to-don' -tus) [Xeirrdg, thin; bdobg,

tooth]. Having thin or slender teeth.
Leptomeninges {lep-to-men-in7 -jlz) [1f-t6c, thin;
1 in' mbrane]. The arachnoid and pia, or the

pia alone.

LEPTOMKNIXdll l>

671

LETZERICH, BACH. I

Leptomeningitis {lep-to-men-in-pf -tis) [AerrnJf, slight;
fiifviyi, membrane; <rn, inflammation]. Inflamma-
tion of the pia and arachnoid of the brain and the
spinal cord, in contradistinction to Pachymeningitis,
though meningitis alone usually signifies the same as
leptomeningitis. Sec Meningitis. L. cerebralis, an
inflammation confined usually to the pia of the convex
surface of an anterior lobe of the cerebrum. L.,
Cerebro-spinal, an inflammation of the pia of the
brain and cord. L. spinalis, an inflammation of
the pia of the spinal cord. L., Tuberculous, an in-
flammation of the pia due to the presence of the
tubercle-bacillus.

Leptomeninx ilep-to-menf -ingks) ['/•-rue, delicate;
uyviyt;, membrane : pi., Leptomeninges]. The pia or
the arachnoid; in the plural [leptomeninges), usually
the arachnoid and pia taken together.

Leptophonia [lep-to-fo* '-ne-ah) [/t--6c, delicate ; <puvr/,
voice]. Delicacy, gentleness, or weakness of the
voice.

Leptophonic [lep-to-fon' '-ik) ['/t-rur, thin; ©ww/,
voice]. Having a weak voice.

Leptoprosope [lep-top '-ro-sbp) \%eirr6g, thin ; Tzpocu-
ttov, face]. A person, or a head, with a long, narrow
face.

Leptoprosopia [lep-to-pro-so1 '-pe-ah) [Zen-roc, thin ;
wpSaunov, face]. Narrowness of the face.

Leptoprosopic, Leptoprosopous {lep-to-pro-sop' -ik,
lep-to-pros' -o-pus) ['/f-t6c, thin; 7rp6acj-ov, face].
Having a long, narrow face.

Leptorhine {lepr -ior-iri) [Zen-nSc, thin; pig, nose].
Having a slender nose or proboscis. Sec Index.

Leptorrhinia {Iep-tor-inf-e-ah)\teirr6s, thin ; pig, nose].
Narrowness of the nasal bones, or smallness of the
nasal index.

Leptorrhizous (lep-tor-i' ' -zui) [/e--<5c, thin ; pi^a, root].
I laving a slender root.

Leptosporangiate (lep-to-spo-ran!-je-dt) [/f-roc, slen-
der ; oiropa, seed ; ayyelov, \ essel]. In biology, having
sporangia formed from a single cell.

Leptothrix {lep' '-to-thriks) [Aem-of, thin; dpi!;, hair],
A genus of bacteria, whose elements form straight fila-
ments, often of great length ; possibly indistinguishable
from the genus Bacillus. L. buccalis, occasionally
found in the mouth, plays a part in the formation
of dental tartar and in the production of caries of the
teeth. L. gigantea, found in tartar of the teeth. See
Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of.

Leptotrichia (lep-to-trik'-e-ak) [/> —or, delicate ; dpi!;,
hair]. Abnormal or excessive fineness and delicacy
of the haii.

Leptoxylem {lep-to-zi' -lem) \a?~toc, slender; £r/or,
wood]. In biology, undeveloped or rudimentary
xylem.

Leptus {lept-tus) [Xeirrdg, thin]. A genus of beetles.
L. autumnalis, harvest bug ; mower's mite. A para-
site that burrows under the skin, causing lesions
similar to those of itch. See Parasites {Animal),
Table of.

Lerema (ler-e'-mali) [//'/pr/iia, idle talk : pi. , Leremata].
An idle or childish utterance, as in senility, idiocy, or
dementia.

Leresis (ler-e'-sis) \}.i]prjaig, a speaking foolishly].
Garrulousness ; insane or senile loquacity.

Leros [le'-ros) ['/rjpog, foolish speaking]. Slight delirium,
with talkativeness.

Lerp [Australian]. A kind of manna found upon the
Eucalyptus dumosa, or mallee, an Australian shrub.
L.-amylum, CfiHin()5, a peculiar carbohydrate found
in the thready portion of lerp.

Lesage, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic
Table of.

Lesbian Love [Aio itot , Lesbian]. See Tribadism.
Lesbianism (les/ be-an-izm) [Xiff/Jwc, Lesbian]. The

doctrine of Lesbian love.
Leschenema \les-ken-e' -mah) [MaxVt talk; /enxv^ev-
eiv, to chat]. Insane, senile, or hysteric loquacity.
Lesion [le'-zhun) \lcesio ; kedere, to hurt]. Any injury,
hurt, or wound in any part of the body. In patholo
any morbid change. L., Central, one affecting the
central nervous system. L. of Continuity, a division
or break in any part that is normally continuous. L.,
Diffuse, one involving all tin- ti— ues of an organ.
L., Focal, in the nervous system a circumscribed
lesion giving rise to distinctive and localizing symp-
toms. L., Initial, of Syphilis, the chai L.,

Irritative, in the nervous system a lesion exciting
the functions of the part wherein it is situated. L. of
Nutrition, any pathologic alteration in the capillary sys-
tem, consisting of increase or decrease in the amount
of blood required for assimilation and absorption.
L., Organic, a morbid structural change in the issues
of an organ. L., Peripheral, a lesion of the nerve-
trunks or of their terminations. L., Primary, of the
Skin, tin- change in the skin occurring in tin devel-
oping stage of a skin-disease. This may be manifested
by the macule, the papule, the tubercle, the pomphus,
the phyma, the vesicle, the bulla, the pustule. L.,
Primary, of Syphilis. See L., Initial. L., Sec-
ondary. I. In the skin, the change occurring in the
primary lesion, due to irritation or other causes. It com-
prises erosions, ulcers, rhagades, squama;, cicatrices or
scars, crusts, and pigmentation. 2. One of the second-
ary lesions of syphilis. See Syphilis. L., Systematic
or Systemic, in the spinal cord a lesion affecting one
or more distinct systems or tracts, as in posterior sclero-
sis, in which the posterior columns or tracts are dis-
eased. L., Traumatic, one due to an injury.

Lesser's Triangle. See Triangles, Table of.

Lethal {le'-tlial) \letalis ; letum, or let hum, death].
Deadly ; pertaining to or producing death.

Lethal (lef -thai) \tefiri, forgetfulness], C]2H.2(.0. An
alcohol found in spermaceti.

Lethality {le-thal'-it-e) \_lelhalitas, from letum, death].
Deadliness.

Lethargic {letli-ai-'-jik) [2.ijdapyiK6g, from "krfitj, a for-
getting]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature
of, lethargy.

Lethargogenic {leth-ar-go-jen* -ik) \7dfiapyog, forget-
ful ; yevvav, to produce]. Giving rise to lethargy.

Lethargus {le/li-ar'-gns). See African Lethargy.

Lethargy (letlr'-ar-Je) [/r/Hupyia ; '/.ifirj, forgetfulness].
A condition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot be
overcome by the will. See, also, Somnambulism. L.,
African, the African sleeping-sickness. L. of Silk-
worms. See Flachtrie.

Lethe [le'-tlic) ['/ifi//, forgetfulness]. Total loss of mem-
ory ; amnesia.

Letheomania [le-the-o-ma'-ne-ali] [/i/Oi/, oblivion ;
fiavia, madness]. Morbid longing for narcotic
drugs.

Letheon [le'-fhe-on) [/i/0/;, forgetfulness]. An old
trade name for ethylic ether, used as an anesthetic.

Lethiferous [letli-if er-us) \Mfiri, forgetfulness ; fcrre,
to bear]. Producing sleep.

Letificant {!c-tif'-ik-ant\ [Artificare, to make glad]. A
term applied to any remedy acting as a stimulant tonic
in melancholy and languor.

Lettered (let'-crd) [littera. a letter]. In biology, pos-
sessing markings that resemble letters.

Letterwort [let'-ter-wert). Same as Hellebore, q. v.

Lettuce [let' -us). See Lactucarium.

Letzerich, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Svnonvmatit
Table of.

1.

1ER

the
oo

I

■

I, .md

incre-

D the tu cially

ud in yellow

n rounded

■ '

pure, it forms

ible in hot

• white]. i. Abnor-
t leucin, as
itrophy of the liver.

■.ucismu.- '-inns) [/• ■•

Jting from bl

m.

'tis.

ind under this form

;/.
m of Lym-

white; anilin\ ■

sting the

phid. It occurs as

ii h separates from

ilin by oxidation.

L.,

A L., Congenital. E

. blood],

i and tlii blood-making

• |" rmanenl

■

• the

i pa

ni.i

) ratio

I l to 20, 1 tO

n the
jtablished

a

: irm
itly, if at
■ in much

i to 1

■ in the
and

UK •-

of a

111 KOCYTIC

diffuse lymphatic infiltration; more rarely there are
distinct lymphatic tumors. Charcot-Leyden crystals
I in the blood after death. Fever, dizziness,
and hemorrhage, and a peculiar form of retinitis, are
often present. I be di lisuallj fatal.

Leukemic {lu-ke'-mik) [Xevicdg, white ; ai/ia, blood].
Pertaining to leukemia.

Leuko- [lu'-ko-) [XevkSq, white]. A prefix signifying

white.

Leukoblast [luf -ko-blast\ [XevicSg, white ; SAoffrdc.germ].
i. The germ oi a leukocyte; also, a leukocyte itself.
2. A cell in bone marrow, of a type that is believed to
become developed into a red blood corpuscle.

Leukocarpous \!u-ko-k<ir' -pus) [/ m."< , white; na/mur,
fruit]. In biology, bearing white fruit.

Leukochroos, or Leukochrus [lu-kok'-ro-os, lu-kok'-
I VK6s, white ; r/o<&c, skin] . Having a white skin.

Leukocotin, or Leukocotoin {lu-ko-ko/-tin, lu-ko-ko-
to'-in) [Xevudg, white ; coto\, C^H^O,. Abodyfound
in coto bark.

Leukocrystallin [lu-ko-krisf -tal-in) \2evs6g, white ;
-". ckar ice]. Peculiar crystals occasionally
ml in tiie blood of leukemic patients.

Leukocyte (lu'-ko-sit) \1evk6q, white; i&TOQ, cell].
The colorless or white corpuscle of the blood. Leuko-
cytes have ameboid movement and are formed in the
lymphadenoid tissue of the spleen, lymphatic glands,
intestinal trad, bone-marrow, etc., and probably also in

the lymph and bl 1. Their average diameter is .oi

mm. i -,.'„,-, inch). In normal blood Khrlich distin-
guishes the following varieties: I. Lymphocytes —
small cells with a large nucleus that stains deeply,
and a small amount of protoplasm. 2. Largt uninu-
clear leukocytes — large cells with a single large

A. Lymphocyte. B. Large uninuclear leukocytes. C. Transi-
tional forms. D.Dd. Multinuclear forms— neutrophile cells.
E. Eosinophile cells.

nucleus, staining less deeply, and a large amount of
protoplasm. 3. Transitional forms — cells with a single
indented nucleus. 4. Multinuclear cells, with neutro-
phile granules — cells having a polymorphous nucleus or
nuclei. These constitute 70 percent, of the en-
tire number of white blood corpuscles. >. Eosinophile
cells. In leukemia another cell, the mvclocy/c, makes its
appearance. This is a large uninuclear cell, with neu-
trophile granules. 1 ..".wit recognizes two classes,
leul and erythroblasts, the latter the anteced-

ent- ol the red corpuscles. Most authorities reject
this division, however. L., Alpha, and L., Beta,
two terms used by Heyl, the former to express leuko-
cytes thai d rate during the coagulation of the

blood ; the latter, those that do not.

Leukocythemia [lu-ko-si-the1 '-me-ah) [favicdg, white;
.(ill; difia, blood]. See Leukemia.

Leukocythemic {lu-ko-si-the' -mik) \%evK&g, white;
kvtoq, cell ; ini/11. blood]. Pertaining to leukemia.

Leukocytic (lu-ko-sif '-//•) [/w.'.or, white; idiroc, cell].
Relating to or characterized by leukocytes.

LEUKih TTOGENESIS

673

LEUKOPHLEGMASIA

Leukocytogenesis (lu-ko-si-to-jen'-es-is) [\evic6i . white ;
icbrog, cell; yewav, to beget]. The formation of
white blood-corpiiM-lc-,, or leukocytes.

Leukocytolysis (lu-ko -si-tol' -is-is) [favi(6g, white ; kvtoc,
cell ; Xvacg, solution]. The destruction of leukocytes.

Leukocytoma [lu-ko-si-to'-mah) [Xevic6g, white; sirnr,
cell; 5/ia, tumor: pi. , Leukocytomatd\. Any tumor
containing cellular growths similar in constitution to
the white corpuscles of the blood, such as tubercle,
lupus, etc.

Leukocytosis {lu-ko-si-to'-sis) [AewaJc, white; frfrrof,
cell]. A moderate and transient increase in the num-
ber of colorless blood-corpuscles, not accompanied, as
in leukemia, by splenic and true glandular enlargement
or disease of the bone-marrow.

Leukocytotic (lu-ko-si-tot'-ik) [\evn6g, white; a
cell]. Pertaining to leukocytosis.

Leukocyturia (lu-ko-si-tu' -re-aJi) [/ivmir, white; ici
cell; oipov, urine]. The presence of colorless blood-
corpuscles in the urine.

Leukoderma (lu-ko-der/-mah) [aedkoc, white ; deppa,
skin]. Leukasmus ; achroma cutis ; leukopatkia ; a
congenital pigment-anomaly of the skin, in which, at
the time of birth or soon after, whitish patches or
bands, irregularly outlined and usually isolated, appear
upon the skin of the child. See Vitiligo. L., Ac-
quired. See Vitiligo. L., Congenital. See Al-
binismus. L., Neuritic, L., Neurotic, a localized
pigment-atrophy, of nervous origin. L., Syphilitic.
See Syphilid, Pigmentary.

Leukodermic (lu-ko-der' '-mik) \_7.evK0c, white ; deppa,
skin]. Exhibiting or pertaining to leukoderma.

Leukodontous (lu-ko-don' '-tus) [tevnoc, white ; odoic,
tooth]. Having white teeth.

Leukogallol (lu-ko-gaV -of) [/.evnoc, white ; galla, gall],
Cj8H10Cl12OM. A colorless substance, soluble in
water, prepared by treating an acetic acid solution of
pyrogallol with chlorin and hydrochloric acid.

Leukogasterous (lu-ko-gas/ -ter-us) [Xevnfig, white ;
yaari/p, belly]. White-bellied.

Leukogene (lu'-ko-jen) [favicdg, white; yewav, to be-
get]. A bleaching-agent.

Leukohemia (lu-ko-hem'-e-ah). See Leukemia.

Leukohemic (lu-ko-hem' '-ik) . See Leukemic.

Leukoinoitis (lu-ko-in-o-i' -tis) [tevic6g, white ; Ig, fiber;
trie, inflammation]. Rheumatic inflammation of the
white fibrous elements of the bronchi.

Leukol (lu'-kol). See Chinolina.

Leukolin (lu'-ko-lin). See Chinolina.

Leukolomous (lu-kol'-o-mus) [tevudg, white; ?.(bpa,
border of a garment]. Having a white border.

Leukolysis (lu-koF -is-is) \levKoc, white ; '/.voir, solu-
tion]. The process of destruction of the colorless
corpuscles of the blood.

Leukoma (lu-ko' '-ma/i) \7.evnupa; levnoc, white]. An
opacity of the cornea the result of an ulcer, wound, or
inflammation, and presenting an appearance of ground
glass. The term has been used also for albumin. See
Leukoplaques. L., Partial, a leukoma circumscribed
to a part of the cornea. L., Total, a leukoma involv-
ing the entire cornea.

Leukomain, or Leucomain (lu-ko* -ma-iri) [/.ei'nopa,
white of egg]. The name applied by Gautier to the
nitrogenous bases or alkaloids necessarily and nor-
mally developed by the vital functions or metabolic
activity of living organisms, as distinguished from
the alkaloids developed in dead bodies, and called
by Selmi ptomains. From their chemic affinities
leukomains may be divided into two groups : the
Urid acid group, comprising Adenin, Carnin, Ger-
ontin, Guanin, Heteroxanthin, Hypoxanthin, Para-
xanthin, Pseudoxanthin, Spermin, Xanthin : and

43

the Kreatinin group, in which are classed Amphi-krea-
tinin, Cruso- kreatinin, Xantho- kreatinin, and some
unnamed bases. The appended table, p. 074, is modi-
lied from the work of Vaughan and Novy.

Leukomainemia (lu-ko-ma in ,' me-ah) [TievKupa,
white of egg ; alfia, blood]. The presence of leuko-
mains in the blood; the retention or imperfect elim-
ination of the various excretory products of the liv-
ing cells of the organism.

Leukomainic (lu-ko-maf -in-ik\ VkevKUfia, white of
egg]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a leukomain.

Leukomatoid (lu-ko' '-mat-oid |. See Leukomatous.

Leukomatorrhea Uu-ko-mat-or-e' '-ak\ [/Xevnupa, white
of egg ; po a. a now]. An excessive whitish secre-
tion. L. salivalis, salivation. L. urinalis, albu-
minuria. L. vaginalis, leukorrhea.

Leukomatosis (lu-ko-mat-o/-sis) [/ti-nwpa, white of
egg ; j ocroc, disease]. Abnormal increase of albumin
in a part, as in the cornea, the lens, the joints; also
amyloid degeneration.

Leukomatous (lu-ko' -mat-us) [/evaupa, white of egg].
Having the nature of leukoma. Affected with
leukoma.

Leukomelanic (lu ko-mel'-an-ik), Leukomelanous
(lu-ko-mel' '-an-us) [Aevudq, white ; petxir, black]. Hav-
ing a light, or fair skin, and black hair.

Leukomoria (lu-ko-mo' '-re-ah ) [%evn6g, white, pale ;
pupia, folly]. Restless or wandering melancholy ;
melancholia errabunda.

Leukomyces (lu-kom'-is-ez) [/.fu/coc, white ; pi tajg,
fungus, mushroom: pi. , Leukomycetes~\. The genus
Agaricus, or mushroom.

Leukomycosis (lu-ko-mi-ko'-sis) jVewcdc, white;
pinr/g, fungus]. A name applied to leukemia, based
on its supposed infectious origin.

Leukomyelitis (lu-ko- mi-el-i' -tis) ['/wkoc, white;
pi't'/oe, marrow]. Inflammation of the white or fibrous
substance of the spinal cord. L. posterioris chronica,
posterior sclerosis ; locomotor ataxia.

Leukomyelopathy (lu-ko-mi-el-op'-ath-e) ['/evKoc,
white; pve'/.og, marrow ; wddoc, disease]. Any disease
of the white substance of the myelon or spinal cord.

Leukon (lu'-kori) [/ evade;, white]. In biology, a race
with fair complexions and yellow or red hair. Cf.
Xanthochroia.

Leukonecrosis (lu-ko-ne-kro'-sis) [/evade, white ; veapu-
01c, death]. A form of dry gangrene, distinguished
by light or nearly natural color, instead of the usual
dark color of gangrene.

Leukonic Acid (lu-kon'-ik). See Acid.

Leukonostoc (lu-ko-uos'-fok) [favudg, white, and nos-
toc\. A genus of schizomycetes, having its elements
disposed in chains and enveloped in a sheath of tough
jelly. L. mesenteroi'des, is abundant in molasses,
beet-root juice, and in sugar-refineries. See Bacteria,
Synonymatic Table of.

Leukopathic (lu-ko-path'-ik) [/evade, white; Tvadoc,
disease]. Relating to or affected with leukopathia.

Leukopathy (lu-kop'-ath-e), Leukopathia (lu-ko-
path'-e-ah) [Xevicdg, white ; reddog, suffering]. Any
deficiency of coloring-matter ; albinism. See Leuko-
derma. L., Congenital. See Albinism. L., Ac-
quired. See Leukoderma. L., Partial. See Vitiligo.
L., Universal. Albinism.

Leukophagium (lu-ko-faj' '-e-uni), Leukophagum (lu-
koff f -ag-um) ['/evade, white; ipayelv, to eat]. An
old remedy for pulmonary tuberculosis, consisting of
almonds, rose water, and partridge-flesh.

Leukophilous (lu-koff'-il-us) ['/evade, white; oi/.oc,
loving]. In biology, light loving.

Leukophlegmasia (lu-ko-fleg-mar -ze-ah) ['/evade,
white ; 0/ - ua, phlegm]. I. A condition marked by a

674

-

L. iCthiopum,

rum. S
I. . Essentia

I... Hys-

ients.

L., Urinary,

I i i KOP1 EUROUS

Leukopiper [lu-ko-pi' -per) [/r-.-. white; piper, pep-
per]. White pepper.

Leukoplakia {lu-kopla' -ke-ah) [/Uiwttfc, white; irAdf,
Whitening of a surface. L. buccalis, a
chronic superficial glossitis characterized by the pres-
ence of pearly-white or bluish white patches on the
surface of the tongue. This condition is also called
It is a rare affection in individuals under
twenty, and in women. It is due to some irritant
cause, such as the smoking of a pipe and the wearing
of tooth plates.

fABLE OF LEUKOMAINS.

Source.

Phvsiologic Action.

Muscle.

•

Meat-extract.

Non-poisonous.

Gaul

Muscle.

lis.

Liver of dog.

Poisonous; paralyzes
nerve-centers.

Animal and vegetable tissues ;
guano.

Non-poisonous.

noli.

Trine.

:er.

Brain, muscle, kidney, liver,
spleen, certain plants, etc.

Non-poisonous ; excito-
motor.

iretchi a n d
Mosso.

Fresh meat.

Thudichum.

Urine.

Thudichum, Sal-

OIW

Urine.

Poisonous.

Miescher.

Spawn of salmon.

Gautier.

Muscle.

Thudichum.

Urine.

Zalesky.

Salamander.

Poisonous.

thin.

Schreiner.

Semen, testicles; Charcqt-
l.i \, leu crystals; tissues in
leukemia.

Non-poisonous.

Poui het.

I'rii

het.

Trine.

Gautier.

Muscle.

Gautier.

Muscle.

heft*.

Normal urine.

Slightly poisonous.

1

Trine in tuberculosis

I'oisonous.

Mai

animal tissues ; o
ii calculi.

Slightly poisonous; mus-
cle-stimulant.

tier.

Mu

Poisonous.

-

' I leu-

todc Leu-

. white ;

Leukoplaques [luf -ko-plaks) [XevuSg, white; -/</;", sur-
I he while patches of Leukoplakia buccalis, q. v.

Leukoplasia [lu-ko-pla' '-ze-aA). See Leukoplakia.

Leukoplast, or Leukoplastid (lu-ko-plast* , or lu-ko-
plast'-i<i) [/Mv.xr, white; wAAooeiv, to form]. In
biology, one of the starch forming, colorless, proteid
bodies found in cells not exposed to light; amyloplast.

Leukoplaxia (lu-ko-plaks'-e-aA). See Leukoplakia.

Leukopleurous {lu-ko-pluf-rus )[7a vk6\ , white ; irTxvpfo,
rib]. I laving whip i flanks.

LEUKOPOMOUS

675

II, DEN

Leukopodious, Leukopodous [lu-ko-pc/ -de-us, lu-kop'-
o-dus) [/cvhoc, white; nobs, foot]. Having white-
feet.

Leukopogous [lu-kop,-o-gus\ [tevicdg, white; ir&yov,
heard]. White- bearded.

Leucopous [luf-ko-pus). See Leukopodous.

Leukops {lu'-fcops) [tevxdg, white; d>ip, eye]. An
individual having white eyes

Leukopterous [lu-kopr -ter-us) [/l««<5c, white; ■KTtp6v,
wings]. In biology, possessing white wings.

Leukorrhagia [lu-kor-a'-je-ah |[/Uwcdi ;, white ; peyvvvat,
to burst forth]. An excessive leukorrheal How.

Leukorrhea [lu-kor-e'-aK) [Aev/aJc, white ; poia, a flow].
A whitish muco-purulent discharge from the female
genital canal, popularly called ' ' the whites." L., Cer-
vical, that due to disease of the cervix uteri. L., In-
fantile, a form occurring in female infants, due to lack
of cleanliness, to irritant urine, or to worms. L., Men-
strual, a variety occurring in young anemic girls at the
menstrual period, instead of the menses. L. nabothi, a
sero sanguineous discharge occurring for two or three
days before labor. L. masculina syphilitica. Syno-
nym of Gonorrhea, q. v. L. of Pregnancy, a vaginal
discharge in the pregnant woman. It is more abundant
than in the non-pregnant state, and is sometimes
confounded with hydrorrhea gravidarum. L.,
Periodic, a periodic form coinciding with the
menstrual periods. L., Uterine, L., Vaginal, L.,
Vulval, forms due to uterine, vaginal, and vulval in-
flammation respectively.

Leukorrheal [lu-kor-e* '-a/) [?LEVK6g, white; poia, flow].
Of the nature of, or pertaining to, leukorrhea.

Leukosarcoma [lu-ko-sar-ko* -mah) [/.evuog, white ;
aapKUfia, a fleshy tumor: pi, Leukosarcomata\. A
non-pigmented sarcoma.

Leukoscope (luf -ko-skop) [Xevicdg, white ; okotteiv, to
inspect]. An instrument used in testing for color-
blindness.

Leukosin {lu'-ko-sin) [tatwede, white]. A principle
said by some to be present in asthma-crystals, and in
crystals found in the blood in certain cases of leuke-
mia.

Leukosis {lu-ko'-sis) YkevK&g, white : pi., Leukoses']. I.
Any disease of the lymphatic system. 2. Abnormal
whiteness of the skin. Also, the development and
progress of leukoma.

Leukospermous [lu-ko-sper'-mus) [/fi'mio, white ;
awipfia, seed]. In biology, bearing white seeds.

Leukotic Uu-koP-ik) [Xewa5c, white]. Relating to
leukoma.

Leukotin {lu-ko' -tin) [Aetwoc, white]. C21H20O6. A
crystalline substance found in Paracoto ; it is soluble
in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.

Leukotrichous {lu-kof -rik-us) [XevicSg, white ; dpi!-,
hair]. White-haired.

Leukoturic Acid {lu-kot-u'-rik). See Oxalantin.

Leukous {lit* -kits) [fowc<5f, white]. White.

Leukuresis {I it -ku- re' -sis) \Jxvkoc, white ; ovpov, urine].
Albuminuria.

Leusin (/u'-sin). See Leucin.

Levant Plague. Synonym of the Plague, q. v. L.
Wormseed. See Santonica.

Levantine Plague. Synonym of the Plague, q. v.

Levasseur Sign. See Death.

Levator [le-va'-tor) [L., " a lifter :" //.. Levatores\
I. That which raises or elevates, as certain must
See Muscles, Table of. 2. An instrument used for
raising a depressed portion of the skull.
Leven ilev'-en). See I, area.

Lever '{le/-ver) \levare, to elevate]. i. A vectis or
one-armed tractor, used in obstetrics. 2. A dental
instrument, used in lifting out decayed stumps. L.,

Davy's, an aorta-compressor. It is a wooden bar,
which is introduced into the rectum.

Levert's Law. See Law.

Levicellular [lev-e-sel'-u-lar) [levis, smooth ; cellula,
cell]. Smooth-celled, as a levicellular myoma, or a
levicellular muscle tiber.

Levigable (lev* -ig-a-bl) \lawigare, to make smooth].
Susceptible of being levigated, or reduced to fine
powder by a mechanical process.

Levigate at) \_kevigare, to make smooth]. To

reduce to a fine powder by rubbing or grinding ; to trit-
urate.

Levigation [lev-ig-af-shun\ \lavigatio ; lawigare, to
make smooth]. The trituration of a substance made
into a paste with water or other liquid. When per-
formed with a muller on a slab of porphyry it is called
porpkyrization.

Levis's Apparatus. An apparatus for treating fracture
of the clavicle, composed of an axillary pad and a
sling. L.'s Splints, supporting structures made of
light metal, and perforated, for use in the treatment of
fractures.

Levitation {lev it-a'-shuri) \levitas, lightness], i. The
pretended elevation of the body into the air without sup-
port, a feat professedly performed by various modern
thaumaturgists. 2. The subjective sense of being
aloft, anil without support ; a symptom in certain cases
of insanity.

Levogyrous {le-vo-ji' '-rus\ \_hc7<us, left; yvpog, a turn].
See Levorotatory.

Levorotatory (le-To-ro' -tat-o- re) \larvus, left ; rotare, to
turn]. Causing to turn toward the left hand; a levo-
rotatory crystal is one that turns the rays of polarized
light to the left.

Levulan {lev* -u-lati) \_Lfvus, left], C6H10O5. An an-
hydrid of levulose obtained from beet-sugar molasses.

Levulin {lev' -u-lin) \lcevus, left]. A carbohydrate
identical with synanthrose, occurring in immature grain
and the tubers of certain composite flowers.

Levulinic Acid [lev-u-lin' -ik). See Acid.

Levulosan [lev-u-lo'-san) \hevus, left], C6H10O5. A
dehydration-product prepared by heating levulose.

Levulose [lev'-u-los) [lavus, left], C6HX206. The
natural sugar of fruits. It reduces an alkaline solution
of copper sulphate. See Sugar, Glucose, and Fructose.

Levulosuria [lev-u-los-u* -re-ah) [lotus, left; ovpov,
urine]. The presence of levulose, or fruit-sugar, in the
urine.

Lewinin {Juf -in-in) [from Dr. Lewin, who described
it]. The alpha resin of kava, q. r. ; it is said by
Lewin to be as effective a local anesthetic as cocain.

Lexipharmac {leks-if-ar* '-mak) tyqt-u;, cessation ; oap-
puK/'iv, poison]. An alexipharmac.

Lexipyretic {leks-ip-i-rei> '-ik) [H/Ztr, cessation ; -v/>er6g,
fever]. I. febrifugal; antipyretic. 2. A febrifugal
medicine.

Leyden [li'-den) [Dutch]. A town in Holland. L.
Battery. A series of Leyden jars connected tandem.
L.-blue. Same as Cobalt-blue. L. Jar, a glass
jar coated within and without with tinfoil, reaching
nearly to the neck, and surmounted by a knobbed
conductor in connection with the inner coating. It
is designed for the temporary "accumulation" of
electricity, or rather for the preservation of the high
potential to which the inner foil may be charged. It
is discharged by connecting the outer foil with the
knob. The jar was first made in the town of Leyden,
its discovery being due to Cuneus, a pupil of Muschen-
brreck. It is also called Kleistian jar or Kleist's jar.
Kleist was a prebendary of Cammin, in Pomerania,
and is said to have invented the jar independently of
Cuneus, and a year before him, viz., in 1745. L.,

11

Periodic Vomit of.

I

L.Duct

L.elegans.and

1. ->quar-
rattlesnal
11a, contains
the tonka bean.

■

1
:

am.

I rankin-

1 I.iquorof. An old name for anhy-

1 A book. L. pharmaceuticus,

1 . the inni l ';'"

in < iymnosperms and 1 hco-

! | , to make fi i |

L. oi" the Arms, in breech-

• the arms of the

me extended along the

Libcromotor to diseng

. aging motor

| . inosus, lustful]. Char-

lie.
i I >i sire ; lu-t. L. intestini,
Uon. L. sexualis, hist. L. urinae,
■
Ltbonus, Bacillus of. ia, Synonytnatic

! . a balance]. A weight of

tins. Also, applied to the

av . or 7000 grains.

Libriform . inner bark ; forma,

In >embling liber or hast. L.

Cc! ... essively

■ liber-fib
Lice

1 ■■]. An official per-

re< ipient the right
ion.
Licentiate ne licensed].

who practises a

A generic term

tions of

oi solid papules

the disease. L.

acuminatu . >■ in which the

isually a ute

1 ptoms

■ hing.

with

rally l><-

L.

L. annulatus

L. Carrageen.

I. ircinatus serpiginosus.

L. circumscriptus. - /.

I

L. corneus,
1 ; horny

L "■ urn.

LICHENIASIS

L. disseminatus, a variety in which the lesions are
irregularly scattered over the body. L. ferox or L.
ferus. See L. agrius. L.gyratus. See Seborrhea eor-
L. haemorrhagicus, a petechial papular erup-
tion. L. inveterata, a chronic intractable form, with
marked thickening of the skin. L. lividus, a severe
form of purpura in which hemorrhage occurs into the
lesions around the follicles. L. menti. See Sycosis.
L. obtusus, Lichen ruber obtusus ; a variety of L.
planus in which the lesion consists of medium-sized
papules, bemispherically formed, flattened on the top,
and marked in the center by a fine indentation,
hard, dry, -1 th, wax-like, translucent to brownish-
red, and scaleless. The disease is less acute than /..
acutninatus, itches less, and is mostly circumscribed.
The hair and nails never suffer. L. pilaris, Lichen
spinulosis; Lichen spinosus; an inflammatory disease
of the hair follicles, in which a spinous epidermic peg
upies the center of the papule. It is a rather rare
disease and occurs mostly in children. The papules
appear in crops, each one being the size of a pin's
head, red, conic, and containing in its center a horny
spine that projects about one-sixteenth of an inch.
["here is little or no itching. See also Keratosis
pilaris. L. planus, Lichen ruber planus : Lichen
psoriasis; an inflammatory skin-disease, with an erup-
tion made up of papules that are broad and angular at
the base, flat and apparently glazed on the summit,
slightly umbilicated, and of a dull purplish-red color.
These lesionsare usually symmetrically disposed, and are
generally situated on the flexor surfaces of the forearms,
about the wrists, the Hanks, around the waist, and the
knees, and calves, and alsoonthe mucous membranes.
The papules may be discrete or may coalesce, and itch-
ing may be slight oi severe. L. planus verrucosus, a
late stage of L. planus, characterized by wart-like en-
largements of the papillae, which are covered with dense
homy crusts of a dirty-lilac hue. They are usually seen
on the lower part of the leg. L. psoriasis. See L.
pi, in us. L. ruber, Lichen ruber acuminafus ; a
very rare skin-disease, with lesions consisting, in the
beginning, of discrete, miliary, conic papules, but, as
the disease advances, becoming aggregated and form-
ing continuous red, infiltrated, and scaling patches.
The whole surface may eventually become involved.
The nails of the fingers and toes become affected, be-
ing of a dirty-brown color, rough, flaky, and breaking
off short. The etiology and pathology of this
condition are obscure. L. ruber acuminatus.
See Pityriasis rubra pilaris and Lichen ruber. L.
ruber moniliformis, a rare variety in which, besides
the ordinary papules and plaques, there are thick
moniliform bands in the flexures of the limbs, on the
abdomen, and on the neck. L. ruber obtusus. See L.
obtusus. L. ruber planus. See L. planus. L. scrof-
ulosorum. See L. scrofulosus. L. scrofulosus,
L. scrofulosorum ; a form occurring in strumous chil-
dren. The eruption is situated on the trunk especially
upon the bark, either diffusely or in patches. The

papule- are very small, pale, conn . and surmounted
by fine scales ; they cause no itching, and on fading
leave a rather persistent yellowish pigmentation.
L. simplex. Gale bedouine ; the papular stage of
eczema. Sec Eczema papulosum. L. spinosus. See
L. pilaris. L. spinulosus. See Keratosis pilaris and
I '..-■ hen pilaris. L. strophulosus. See Strophulus.
L. syphiliticus, the minute papular syphilid.

Syphilid, Follicular. L. tropicus. See Prickiy

Heat. L. urticatus. See Urticaria papulosa.

Licheniasis (li-ken-i'-n is) \'/:i\ilr. lichen]. The

liti in of one affected by one of the forms of lichen.
L. strophulus. See Lit hen strophulus.

I.K Hl.NH (U.oL'S

077

I.Il.i I ALJ >, I \ I'l.A 01

Lichenicolous {li-ken-ik* -o-lus) [/.nxi/v, a lichen ;
colere, to inhabit]. Growing as a parasite upon
lichens.

Licheniform (li-ken' -if-orm) ['/.n\i/r, lichen, tree-moss ;
forma, form]. Shaped like a Lichen.

Lichenin (li'-ken-in) [/!(|'/i', lichen], C6H10O6 or C12-
H20OI0. Moss-starch; a starch-like body found in
lichens, especially in Cetraria, Ramalina, Usnea,
Parmelia, Cladonia, and in Corsican moss (Alsidium
fielminthockorton). Iodin imparts a dirty blue color
to it. It is insoluble in cold water, but forms a jelly
with hot water. See Cetraria ; also, Carbohydrate's,
Tabic- of,

Lichenism [li' '-ken-izm) [/e/x'/v, lichen]. In biology,
the special form of consortism or symbiosis exhibited
by algai and fungi in lichens. Cf. Schwendener' s
Theory.

Lichenoid (li'-ken-oid) [Aeixfiv, lichen; eldog, like].
I. Same as Dextrolichenin. 2. See Wandering
Rash.

Lichnoerythrin (lik no-er'-ith-rin) [>t/\7/r, lichen;
ipvdpoc, red.] A group of red coloring-matters found
especially in lichens.

Lichnoxanthin (Jik-no-zan' '-thin) [\eixfyv, lichen ;
fai'fVdc, yellow]. A group of yellow coloring-matters
occurring in both the highest and lowest classes of
plants, but especially developed in lichens.

Lichtheim's Schema. A diagrammatic representation
of the centers and pathways concerned in written
and spoken language. In the schema, A represents
the center for visual memories, and ' > that for auditory
memories. M is the center for muscular memories con-
cerned in speech, and W that for muscular memories
connected with writing. I is the center for intellectual
concepts. Taking the word ' ' bell " as an example, at A
will be stored the memory of the appearance of the bell,
at O that of the sound of the word, at M the memory
of the muscular movements necessary to pronounce the
word, and at W those concerned in writing it. I re-
presents the center of the intellectual concept of the
object " bell " — the knowledge of its uses and prop-
erties. The lines indicate afferent, efferent, and
connecting pathways.

Hand Mouth

Lichthuim's Schema.

Licinium (li-sin' '-e-um) [licium, a thread of a web :
gen., Licinii]. Lint; surgeon's lint or charpie.

Lick (lik) [ME., licken, to lick]. To rub with the
tongue ; to lap.

Licoperdon (li-ko-perf-dori). See Lycoperdon.

Licorice [lik'-or-is) [ME., licorice, licorice]. See
Glycyrrkiza. L., Indian. See Abrus.

Lid [ME., lid, lid]. See Air//,/. L. -cells, in biology,
the " stigmatic cells " which for a time close the neck
of the archegonium in cryptogamic plants. L. -clamp.
See Blepharostat.

Lie (li 1 [ME., lien, to lie]. 1. To rest in a recumbent
position. 2. A popular name for a "gift spot" or
white spot upon a finger nail.

Lieberkiihn's Reflector (le* -ber-keri) [after Lieber-
kuhn, a 1 icrman physician]. A device attached to
a microscope lor the purpose of throwing lighl u
opaque object! L.'s Ampulla. See Ampulla. L.,
Crypts of. See Crypt. L., Glands of. See Gland.
L.'s Jelly, an insoluble variety of alkali-albumin
formed by adding strong potash to undiluted white
of egg.

Liebermann's Reaction. See Tests, Table of.

Liebig (le'-/>i\r). A celebrated German chemist and
physiologist. L.'s Beef-tea, the soluble extractive
matter of Kan meat. It i> prepared by macerating a
pound of lean meat, free from fat and. cut into small
pieces, in a pint of cold water, in which rr^xxx
of hydrochloric acid and gr. xl of sodium chlorid
have been dissolved. The liquid is expressed and
strained. L.'s Bouillon. See Bouillon. L.'s
Extractum carnis, a' proprietary preparation con-
sisting of the soluble fibrin of meat with the natural
mineral salts and a flavoring principle, osmazome.
L.'s Foods, those infant-food> in which the starch is
to a great extent converted into sugar by malting.
L.'s Infants' Food, a highly nutritious food made
in the following manner : Mix well y2 ounce of
ground malt with ', ounce of wheat-flour and 7^
grains of potassium bicarbonate; add 1 ounce of
water and 5 ounces of fresh cow's milk. Warm over
a slow fire, and keep stirring until it begins to thicken.
Remove from the fire, stir for five minutes, replace it
on the fire, and remove it as soon as thick. As the
starch is converted into dextrin and sugar by the
diastase of the malt, it will become a thin and sweet
liquid. Then, finally, boil it well. Strain through
muslin. L.'s Method, a method of estimating the
chlorids in the urine, by precipitation by mercuric
nitrate. See also Urea.

Liebreich's Bandage. See Bandage. L.'s Solution,
a solution of cantharidinate of potassium for hypo-
dermatic injection in the treatment of tuberculous.
Cantharidin 2, hydrate of potassium 4 (or hydrate of
sodium 3), distilled water 200. Heat to solution
and add distilled water q. s. to 10,000. Dose by
hypodermatic injection, ).'z to I c.c. (8 to 16 minims).
It causes transudation of blood-serum at the seat of
the tuberculosis.

Lien (li'-en) [L.]. The spleen. L. mobile. See
// 'andering Spleen.

Lienal (li'-en-al) [lien, the spleen]. Relating to the
spleen.

Lienculus (Ji-en' '-ku-lus) [dim. of lien, spleen: pi.,
Lienculi\ A detached part or exclave of the spleen.

Lienic (li-en'-ik) [lien, a spleen]. Pertaining to the
spleen.

Lienitis {li-en-i* -tis) [Hen, spleen ; trig, inflammation].
Splenitis.

Lienocele {li-en'-o-sel) [lien, a spleen ; kija/j, hernia].
I [ernia of some part or of all of the spleen.

Lienomalacia (// cn-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [lien, spleen ;
iKi'/nioii, softening]. Morbid softening of the tissue
of the spleen.

Lienteric (li-en-terf -ik) [AeZoc, -mooth ; h'-epov, intes-
tine]. Pertaining to or affected with lientery.

Lientery (li* -en-ter-e) [/.nog, smooth; hrrepov, intes-
tine]. A kind of diarrhea in which the food passes
rapidly through the bowels without undergoing diges-
tion.

Liernur System. See bosalof.

Lieutaud, Uvula of. A longitudinal mesial ridge in
the trigone of the bladder.

LIFE

LIFE

.Hid

L.,
i the

is, till'

:

Mod.

■

L. Everlasting ;

i

.\ lie.

pute

ol ;l

J5J- '
: tat ion of,

from
i from i

itrar-

i the number of

ry million born at a

alive at the

I te

■ ' r i ' ■ —

lie nam-

M e a n

Iter- life time

(expectation ol life).

Males.

Females.

.000

44.62

266

5° 14

5° >4

5222

3

.

5086

5299

53-20

53-oS

50 38

52.56

49 77

5i 94

49 I0

51-26

50-53

4760

49-76

46.79

48.96

45.96

4813

4S 11

47-30

44 26

4647

43 41

4563

44 81

44.00

43-4'

40.17

42.43

39-40

41.66

38.64

40.92

37 89

40.18

39-44

37-98
37- 26

3654

33-O0

31.60

27-46

2678

26.10
2.S.42

20.18

,1100,000 bin ii. the num-

ber survi\ ing ;u the end of

Mean after-lifetime

li year of life

(expectation of life 1.

Mai

Females

Males.

Females.

529,048

19 55

2136

5jo,9oi

1893

20.68

Si

512,607

18 31

20.01

504,188

■7 71

1934

5lO

495,645

17.12

1866

54

486,973

16.53

17'*

477.440

1.5-95

17-33

151

467-1 13

1.5 37

16.69

740

,992

16 06

446,079

14 24

15 45

377.59«

434,695

13.68

1484

,011

422.835

13 14

14.24

6:

4io,477

12 60

1365

338.820

397,644

12.07

1308

63

325,256

384,319

II.56

12.51

3i',368

370,495

II 05

11.96

297.>56

356,165

10-55

11.42

66

638

341,326

IO.O7

10 90

67

267,829

325.988

9 60

1039

68

252,763

310,170

9.14

989

69

237.487

293.899

8.70

941

70

222,056

277.225

8.27

8-95

71

206,539

260,207

7-85

850

72

190,971

242.934

7-45

807

73

175.449

225,497

7.07

7.65

74

160,074

208,003

670

7 25

75

144.960

190,566

6-34

6.87

76

130,227

i73,3'6

6.00

6.51

77

115,986

156.392

5-63

6 16

78

102.

139.927

5-37

5-82

79

89.

124.065

5-07

5-5°

80

77,354

108,935

4-79

5 20

81

66,153

94,662

4 51

4.90

82

55.842

81.305

4.26

463

f3

46,489

68,966

4 01

4-37

84

38.132

57-723

3-58

4 12

85

30,785

47.631

356

388

86

24,436

38,710

3-36

3-66

87

19.054

30,958

3-17

3-46

88

14,576

24,338

2.99

326

89

10,926

[8,788

2.82

308

90

8,015

14,225

2.66

2 90

9i

5.748

IO.S53

2.51

2.74

92

4.025

7.658

2 37

2.58

93

2.749

5.429

2.24

244

94

1,828

3.756

2.12

2.30

95

1,183

2,533

2 01

2.17

96

742

1,661

1.90

2. 11

97

452

1 ,057

1.81

2 03

98

266

6.53

1 72

1.83

99

1SI

389

1.65

1 73

100

82

225

1.61

1.62

L., Extra-uterine, post-natal existence. L., Fetal,
life of the fetus. L., Intra-uterine, life within the
uterus. L., Mean Duration of, the expectation of
life at birth. L., Reproductive, L., Sexual, that
period of life during which the individual is capable of

[etting or bearing offspring. L.-root, ragwort. The
herb Senecio aureus gathered in flower ; an expecto-
rant, diuretic, alterative, and tonic. It was formerly
used by the Indians as a vulnerary, and is a favorite
remedy with eclectic practitioners. I »<>se of a decoction
adlib. ; of the fid. ext. n\xxx-2;j ; of a strong tincture,
TTLviij-xx; of senectn, its resinoid,gr. j-iij. L. -table,
a table constructed to show the number and ages of the
living, and the number and ages of the dying in a com-
munity or society. Halley's Life-table, the earliest
dish table, was constructed in the second half of the
18th century, and suggested I)e Mowre's Hypothesis.
Price's Northampton Life-table was used by the
Equitable Life Assurance Co., of New York, upon its
blishment in 1762. These tables were not con-
tracted by a comparison of the deaths and the living at

h age, but from the deaths only ; and as births and

leaths are not equal, and as migration also disturbs

stability of population, these tables are not

correct, as they overstate the mortality of young adults

1,11-1 ( I RE

679

LIGAMENT

and do not dissociate males and females. Dr. Farr
constructed three English Life-tables, designated
respectively, Nos. I, 2, and 3, and various other tables
have been made, called the Healthy Districts, the
Upper Class Experience, the Healthy Males, the
Clerical Experience-tables, etc. The last n<
worthy table is the New English Life-table, by 1 >r.
Ogle, which starts with a million males and a million
females and shows the number surviving at each age,
and the mean expectation of life at ea< li age. See
Life , Expectation of . L. -time, Mean After. Syn-
onym of Expectation of life. See Life, Expectation
of. L. Vegetative. See /,., Animal.

Lift-cure {lift-kur). The therapeutic use of the
" health lift" (1/. 7.),and of other similar devices.

Ligament (lig'-a/n-cnt), Ligamentum {lig-am-en' '■
turn) [ligamentum; ligare, to bind], A band of
flexible, compact connective tissue connecting the
articular ends of the bones, and si imetimes enveloping
them in a capsule. L., Accessory. See Z., Coraco-
humeral. L., Acromioclavicular, a broad liga-
ment covering the acromioclavicular articulation and
extending from the clavicle to the acromial process of
the scapula. L., Acromioclavicular, Inferior, one
extending from the clavicle to the acromial process of
the scapula, across the lower portion of the acromio-
clavicular articulation. L., Alar {of knee), one of the
two folds of synovial membrane on either side of the
mucous ligament. L., Annular (of radius), that
surrounding the head of the radius. L., Annular
{of stapes), that extending from the base of the stapes
to the oval window. L., Annular, Anterior [of ankle),
the broad ligament covering the anterior surface of the
ankle-joint. L., Annular, Anterior (of wrist), a
strong ligament extending from the trapezium to the
unciform bone, confining the flexor tendons. L., An-
nular, External {of ankle), that joining the posterior
border of the external malleolus and the external sur-
face of the calcaneum. L., Annular, Internal [of
ankle), one joining the internal malleolus and the inner
surface of the os calcis. L., Annular, Posterior (of
carpus) , a strong ligament reaching from the styloid
process and lower end of the radius, across the back
of the wrist to the styloid process of the ulna. L.,
Anterior (of ankle), a small ligament in front of the
ankle-joint. L., Anterior (of elbow), that extend-
ing from the coronoid process of the ulna to the
coronoid fossa of the humerus. L., Anterior (of
knee), the ligamentum patellre. L., Anterior (of
malleus), that extending from the spine of the
sphenoid to the anterior portion of the head and neck
of the malleus. L., Anterior (of uterus), one of the
fibrous and peritoneal folds extending from the bladder
to the uterus. L., Anterior (of wrist), a strong,
broad ligament extending from the anterior surface of
the upper row of carpal bones to the lower ends of
the ulna and radius. L., Arcuate, one of the arched
ligaments extending from the body of the diaphragm
to the last rib, and to the transverse process of the first
lumbar vertebra. L., Arnold's. See Z., Suspensory
(of incus). L., Arterial, the fibrous remain-- of the
ductus arteriosus. L., Aryteno-epiglottic, one of the
ligamentous folds joining the epiglottis and the aryte-
noid cartilage. L., Arytenoid, Inferior, oneofthefalse
vocal bands. L., Astragalo-calcaneal, External,
that joining the external surface of the astragalus and
the outer margin of the calcaneum. L., Astragalo-
calcaneal, Internal, out- extending from the os calcis
to the posterior margin of the sustentaculum tali. L.,
Astragalo-calcaneal, Posterior. See L., Calcaneo-
astragaluid, Posterior. L., Astragalo-navicular,
Superior. See L.,Astragalo-scaphoid, Superior. L.,

Astragalo-scaphoid, Internal, one joining the inner
surfaces of the astragalus and the scaphoid. L., Astrag-
alo-scaphoid, Superior, one joining the anterior ex-
tremity of the astragalus and the upper surface of the
scaphoid. L., Atlanto-axial. See L., Atlo-axoid.
L., Atlanto-axial, Deep. See /.., Atlo axoid, Ante-
rior. L., Atlanto-axial, Posterior, one joining the
neural arches of the atlas and the axis. L., Atlanto-
axial, Superficial. .See /. ., Atlanto-axial, Anter
L., Atlanto-occipital. See I., Atlo-occipital. L.,
Atlanto-occipital, Posterior. See /,., Occipito-at-
lantal, Posterior. L., Atlo-axoid, that joining the
atlas and the axis. L., Atlo-axoid, Anterior,
that joining the ventral margin- of the atlas and
the axis. L., Atlo-occipital, that joining the atlas
and the occiput. L., Auricular, Anterior, a broad
ligament extending from the zygoma to the cauda heli-
cis. L., Auricular, Posterior, one reaching from the
mastoid process tothe posterior surface of the ear. L.,
Auricular, Superior, a portion of the temporal fascia,
inserted into the upper portion of the cartilage of the
ear. L. of Barkrow, ligamentous fibers in the fatty
tissue in the upper portion of the olecranon fossa. L.,
Bellini's. SeeZ., Tendino-trockanterian. L., Ber-
tin's, the iliofemoral ligament. L. of Bigelow. See
Z. , Iliofemoral. L., Broad (of liver), abroad fold of
peritoneum extending from the diaphragm to the upper
surface of the liver. L., Broad {oj lungs), one of the
folds of the pleura, connecting the lower surfaces of the
lungs with the diaphragm. L., Broad (of uterus), a
fold of peritoneum extending laterally from the uterus
to the pelvic wall. L., Burns' (Allen). See Z. , /ley's.
L., Calcaneo-astragaloid, Internal. See Z., As-
tragalo-calcaneal, Internal. L., Calcaneo-astrag-
aloid, Interosseous, that uniting the calcaneum
and the astragalus. L., Calcaneo-astragaloid,
Posterior, one joining the calcaneum and the
posterior border of the astragalus. L., Calcaneo-
cuboid, Dorsal. See Z., Calcaneo-cuboid, Superior.
L., Calcaneo-cuboid, Internal, one joining the in-
ner surfaces of the calcaneum and the cuboid. L.,
Calcaneo-cuboid, Interosseous. SeeZ., Calcaneo-
cuboid, Internal. L., Calcaneo-cuboid, Long, one
running from the under surface of the calcaneum to
the under surface of the cuboid. L. , Calcaneo-cu-
boid, Short, a thick ligament extending between the
os calcis and the under surface of the cuboid. L.,
Calcaneo-cuboid, Superior, one attached to the dor-
sal surface of the calcaneum, and inserted into the
dorsal surface of the cuboid. L., Calcaneo-fibular,
that joining the apex of the external malleolus to
the outer surface of the calcaneum. L., Calcaneo-
navicular, Inferior. See Z., Calcaneo-scaphoid , In-
ferior. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid. Dorsal. See Z.,
Calcaneo-scaphoid, External. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid,
External, that extending from the calcaneum at its
articulation with the astragalus to the external surface
of the scaphoid. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, Inferior,
one joining the anterior and inner end of the calca-
neum to the under surface of the scaphoid. L., Cal-
caneo-scaphoid, Interosseous. SeeZ., Calcaneo-
scaphoid, External. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, Plan-
tar. See I... Calcaneo-scaphoid, Inferior. L., Cal-
caneo-scaphoid, Superior. SeeZ., Calcaneo-scaph-
oid. External. L., Camper's, the deep layer of the
perineal fascia covering the bulb of the urethra and
the crura of the penis. L., Capsular, a heavy fibrous
structure surrounding an articulation, and lined by
synovial membrane. L., Carcassonne's. See Z.,
Pubovesical, Middle. L., Carpal, Anterior, that
covering the palmar surface of the carpus. L.,
Carpal, Common, the annular ligament of the wrist-

LIG

I

■

U, Carpal, Dona]

rosseou
to the '
; Carpo- metacarpal,
the
I... Caudal,

.

(urn.
I L., Col-

L., Conoid, the inner

It i- at-

: pula .md the

L., Cooper's
L.,
ped ligament
romial pi to the

■ the scap
alar, thai oid pro-

L., Coraco-
l pro b of the
i posterior portion of the
• .md the upper pai
L., Coracoid, a fibrous structure forming
g from the cor..

L., Corniculo-

tending from the

the pharynx. L.,

Coronary the semilunar

f the tibia. L., Coronary

nding from the posterior

L., Coronary [of

L., Costo-

centr.i. | the head of a rib

L., Costo-central, Anterior,

ling from the verte-

irtilages to the head of

L , Costo-clavicular. .'.., Rhomboid.

• -colic. See /..,/ L., Costo-

coracoid, thai firsl rib and the coracoid

L., Costo-pericardiac, that
illations with the
L , Costo-sternal, Anterior, a fibrous
mum and thi

L., Costo-sternal,
I the post
L., Costo-
the ribs to
■

-transverse. Anterior. See /.. ,
L., Costo-transverse
jsseous . L.,

Cost crse. L( :..

I. erse, Middle, one ran-

■

transverse, Posterior,

L., Costo-trans-

if the
I --vertebral, those

L., Costo-

(■

■ 1 the
L., Costo-xiphoid,

h and

LIGAMENT

nth ribs to the xiphoid cartilage. L., Cotyloid,
a ring of fibro cartilaginous tissue at the margin of the
ibulum. L., Cowper's. Same as Z. , Pubic. L.,
Cranio-vertebral, one of those extending between
the cranium and the vertebrae. L., Crico-arytenoid,
Posterior, one of those joining the cricoid and aryte-
noid cartilages posteriorly. L., Crico-pharyngeal,
that extending between the upper and posterior margin
of the cricoid cartilage and the anterior pharyngeal
wall L., Crico-Santorinian, one of those binding
together Santorini's cartilages and the cricoid cartilage.
L., Crico-thyroid,one of those joining the cricoid and
thyroid cartilages. L., Crico-thyroid. Anterior,
on,- (.11 the anterior surfaces of the cricoid and thy-
roid cartilages. L., Crico-thyroid, Middle, the crico-
thyroid membrane. L., Crico-tracheal, that joining
the cricoid cartilage and the uppermost tracheal ring.
L., Crucial (of atlas). See Z. , Cruciform. L., Cru-
cial (of the fingers), one of the small ligaments running
obliquely on the palmar surface of the phalangeal
joints. L., Crucial, Anterior, the smaller crucial
ligament of the knee, extending from the upper sur-
face of the tibia to the inner surface of the external
condyle of the lemur. L., Crucial, External.
See '/.., Crucial, Anterior. L., Crucial, Internal.
I., Cnuial, Posterior. L., Crucial, Posterior,
one extending from the popliteal notch of the tibia,
and the external semilunar cartilage, to the anterior
portion of the internal condyle of the femur. L.,
Cruciate, a Y-shaped process of the deep fascia of the
leg, situated at the bend of the ankle. It extends
from the internal malleolus to the external surface of
the anterior portion of the calcaneum. L., Cruci-
form, a cross shaped ligament, formed by the trans-
verse ligament of the atlas and a vertical band of libers
extending from the middle of this ligament to the
body of the axis. L., Cuneiform, Interosseous.
SeeZ., Intercuneiform. L., Deltoid. See Z. , Lat-
eral Internal (of ankle-joint). L., Dentate. See
L., Denticulate. L., Denticulate, a band of fibrous
connective tissue passing from the arachnoid to the pia
in the interval between the anterior and posterior
nerve-roots. L., Douglas's, the folds of peritoneum
extending between the dorsal surface of the uterus and
the ventral surface of the rectum. L., Duodeno-
renal, a peritoneal fold joining the transverse meso-
colon and the parietal peritoneum in the region of the
right kidney. It forms the posterior boundary of Wins-
low's foramen. L. of Ellis. See L. of the Rectum.
L., External (of malleus), that running from the outer
wall of the tympanum to the crista capitis mallei. L.,
Falciform, a sickle shaped expansion of the gnat
sacro-ischiatic ligament, extending along the inner
margin of the tuberosity and inferior ramus of the
ischium. L., Falciform (of liver). See Z., Broad
(of liver). L. of Fallopius. See Z., Pouparfs. L.,
False (of bladder), one of the peritoneal folds radiat-
ing from the urinary bladder. L., False, Superior
the bladder), one of the peritoneal folds, running
in the median line, from the fundus of the blad-
der to the umbilicus. L., Femoral. See /,. ,
Iter's. L., Flood's, the gleno -humeral ligament.
L., Gastro-colic, the fold of the great omentum
attached to the colon and the stomach. L.,
Gastro-hepatic, the fold of the great omentum
attached to the stomach and the liver. L., Gastro-
lienal. See / . Gastro-splenic. L., Gastro-pan-
creatic, a sickle-shaped peritoneal fold joining the
posterior surface of the stomach and the anterior
faci ol the pancreas. L., Gastro-phrenic.
/., Phrenico-gastric. L., Gastro-splenic, a
peritoneal fold joining the gastrii cul-de-sac and the

LIGAMENT

681

LIGAMKN I

Ligaments of Elbow-
joint.

. Hiimerus. 2. Ulna. 3.
Radius. 4. External lat-
eral ligament. 5. Orbicu-
lar ligament 6. Posterior
ligament. 7, 8. Condyles
of humerus. 9. Interos-
seous membrane.

Right Knee-joint, Internal
Ligaments, Anterior View.

I. Lower extremity of lemur.

2. Anterior crucial ligament.

3. Posterior crucial ligament.

4. Transverse ligament. 5.

Intercondylar fossa. 6. Semi-
lunar fibro-cartilages (inter-
nal). 7 Semi-lunar fibro-car-
tilages (external) 8 Liga-
mentum patellae. 9. Tubercle
of tibia. 10. Capsular liga-
ment. 11. Interosseous mem-
brane.

Ligaments of Righi Knee-
joint, Posterior View.

1. Posterior ligaments, or liga-
mentura Winslowii (oblique

fasciculus). 2. Tendon of
semi-membranous muscle. 3.
Tibia. 4. Bursa. 5. Internal
lateral ligament. 6 Long ex-
ternal lateral ligament. 7.
Short external lateral liga-
ment. 8 Popliteus muscle.
9. Posterior, or internal cru-
cial ligament.

. Anterior common ligament.
b Anterior occipito-atloid lig-
ament, c. Anterior common
ligament (continuation), d.
Anterior atlo-axial ligament.
e Capsular ligament, f. Syn-
ovial membrane, g. Lateral
occipito-atloid ligament.

Ligaments of the Shollder-

JOINT.

I. Superior acromioclavicular liga-
ment. 2. Coraco-clavicular. 3.
Coraco-acromial 4. Trans
5. Capsular. 6. Coraco-humeral.
7. Tendon of long head of biceps.

Anterior com-
mon ligament. 2.
Anterior costo-
vertebral, or stel-
late ligament. 3.
Anterior costo-
transverse liga-
ment.

Ligaments of the Costo-vertebral Artici'lations.

Ligaments of the Occipito-atloid Joint.

Ligaments of the Pelvis. Posterior View.
t. Articular surface of sacrum for last lumbar vertebra.
2. Coccyx 3. Crest of ilium. 4. Tuberosity of ischium.
5. Great sacro-sciatic foramen. 6. Lesser sacro-scintic fora-
men 7. Great trochanter. 8. Posterior sacro-iliac ligament
9. Posterior inferior spine of ilium. 10. Supra-spinous liga-
ment, u. Obturator membrane. 12. Lesser sacro-sciatic
foramen. 13. 14. Great sacro-sciatic ligament. 15. Lesser
sacro-sciatic ligament. 16 Spine of ischium.

M. st. th.

I/iff- crir

ttnteh. Larynx. Front View,

Showing the Liga-
ments and inser-
1 ion ok Muscles.
0. h. Oshvoides. C. th.
Thyroid cart. Corp.
trit. Corpus triticeum
or lesser cornu of the
hyoid bone. C. c. Cri-
coid cart C. tr. Tracheal cartilage. Lig. thyr.-hyoid med.
Middle thvro-hyoid ligament. Liz. th.-h. Fat. Lateral thyro-
hyoid ligament: Liz. cric.-thvr. med. Middle cnco-thyroid
ligament. Lig. eric. -trach. Crico-tracheal ligament. M.st.-n.
Sterno-hvoid muscle. M. th.-hyoid Tbyro-hyoid mus< le.
M st.-th. Stcrno-thyroid muscle. M cr.-th. Cnco-thyroid
muscle.

M

1 IGAMKXT

L. of Gerd;.

i the
I... Gim! " of

. con-

iihI attached

1. . Gleno-humeral, a

.1 to

:. groove.

■

rinous
glenoid i
; nentous

L.,

L.,

ligament

na tympanica

L., Hepatico-colh al fold

of the liver

i. L., Hepatico-

i running from the

to the duodenum. It

iw's foramen.

I. . 1 I -renal. L.,

ligament ; a sickle-

L., Hunter's,

uterus. See / . ,

L., Hyo-epiglottic. ining

ind the upper sur-

L., Ilio-femoral, a stt

inferior iliac
r and the intertrochanteric
j-femoral. Anterior, the anterior
;it. L., Ilio-
femoral, Inferior. ;.. rior.
L . Ilio-femoral, Lateral. See /.., Ilio-femoral,
L.. Ilio-femoral, Superior, one extend-

i the ilium to the

(line.
- • '•• »-lum : . tending from the

it vertebra to the
of the sacroiliac
L., Ilio-lumbar, Inferior.
L.. Ilio-lumbo-vertebral.
I. . I'.io-pectineal, that portion of

tinea! line

L., Ilio-pubic.

L., Ilio-sacral, Anterior.

L., Ilio-sacral, In-

L.,

Posterior. See /.., Sacro u

-sacral, Short Posterior.
L., Ilio-trochanteric.
L., Inferior

L.. Inferior

of the

num. L., Infun-

i if the

the

L.,

infundib-

Inguinal. S< i / . ,

L., Interarticulai

I. . Inter-

. ■

i

I.

;

[i

win. L.,

Intercostal, one of those joining adjacent ribs.
L., Intercostal, External, one of those tilling
the intercostal spaces externally between the sternum
and the intercostal muscles. L., Intercostal, In-
ternal, one of the i il >r« m-. bands uniting adjacent
ribs. L., Intercrural, one of those connecting the
lamina- of the vertebrae. L., Intercuneiform, one of
those joining the cuneiform bones of the tarsus. L.,
Interhyal, one in the embryo joining the malleus and
the stylohyal cartilage. L., Interlobular, a pro-
longation of the pleura, between the lobes of the
lungs. L., Intermetacarpal, one of those joining
the metacarpal bones. L., Intermetacarpal, Dorsal,
one of lour ligaments running transversely across the
dorsal surfaces of the upper ends of the metacarpal
bones. L., Intermetacarpal, Palmar, one of those
joining the palmar surfaces of the upper ends of the
metacarpal bones. L., Intermetatarsal, one of
tho>e joining the metatarsal bones. L., Intermeta-
tarsal, Dorsal, a ligamentous structure joining the
dorsal surfaces of the bases of the metatarsal bones.
L., Intermetatarsal, Plantar, one of those joining
the plantar surfaces ol the upper ends of the
metatarsal bones. L., Intermuscular, a fascial
prolongation between muscles. L., Interosseous,
Inferior Tibio-fibular. See L., Tibio-fibular
Int , Inferior. L., Interspinal. See L.,

Interspinous. L., Interspinous, one extending
between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebra-.
L., Intertransverse, one extending between the
transverse processes of adjacent vertebra. L.,
Ischio-capsular, one extending from the isch-
ium, near the acetabulum, to the zona orbicularis.
L., Ischio-femoral, one running from the ischium
to the great trochanter. L., Jugal [of larynx). See
L., Crico-Santorinian. L., Lateral {of liver), one of
the peritoneal folds between the sides of the liver and
the under surface of the diaphragm. L., Lateral, Ex-
ternal [of ankle), that running between the external
malleolus and the calcaneum. L., Lateral, External
[of carpus), that extending from the scaphoid bone
to the styloid process of the radius. L., Lateral,
External [of elbow), that extending from the annular
ligament of the radius to the external condyle of the
humerus. L., Lateral, External [of jaw), that
extending from the lower border of the zygoma to the
outer surface of the neck of the inferior maxilla. L.,
Lateral, External [of knee), that joining the head of
the fibula and the internal condyle of the tibia. L.,
Lateral, External [of wrist). See L., Lateral, Ex-
ternal [of carpus). L., Lateral, Internal {of ankle-
joint), one joining the internal malleolus, and the
astragalus, calcaneum, and scaphoid. L., Lateral,
Internal [of carpus), a ligamentous cord joining the
styloid process of the ulna, the pisiform bone, and the
anterior annular ligament. L., Lateral, Internal [of
elbow), one extending from the coronoid process of the
ulna and the inner edge of the sigmoid fossa, to the
internal condyle of the humerus. L., Lateral, In-
ternal [of jaw). See /.., Lateral, Internal [of Tem-
maxUlary articulation). L., Lateral, Internal
knee), one extending from the internal condyle of
the femur to the internal condyle and shaft of the
tibia. L., Lateral, Internal [of temporo-maxillary
articulation), one extending from the inferior maxilla,
■ the inferior dental foramen, to the spinous pro-
toid bone. L., Lateral, Long Ex-
ternal [of knee), one running from the external
condyle ol the femur to the head of the fibula.
L., Lateral, Short External [of knee-joint), one ex-
tending fiom the head ol the fibula to the external
vie ol the femur and posterior portion of the

LIGAMENT

r,<',

I [GAMENT

capsular ligament. L., Lateral, Short Internal
[of knee-joint) , one joining the uppei portion of the
tibia and the internal fibro-cartilage. L., Lauth's,
the transverse ligament of the atlas. L., Longi-
tudinal [of live) i. See /.. , /iron,/ [of liver). L.,
Lumbo-costal, the anterior edge of the lumbo-dot
sal fascia. L., Lumbo-iliac. See /. ., llio-lumbar.
L., Lumbo-sacral, a part of the ilio-lumbar,
extending from the sacrum to the ilium, across the
sacroiliac synchondrosis. L., Mauchart's. Same
as Z., Odontoid, Alar. L., Metacarpal, Trans-
verse, one joining tin- distal extremities of the four
inner metacarpal bones. L., Metacarpophalan-
geal, Anterior. See Z., Glenoid. L., Metacarpo-
phalangeal, Lateral, one joining the lateral surfai
of the phalanges and metacarpal bones. L., Meta-
tarsal, Interosseous, one of those joining adjacent
metatarsal bones. L., Metatarsal, Transverse,
uniting the distal extremities of the metatarsal bones.
L., Metatarso-phalangeal, Lateral, one joining the
lateral surfaces of the phalanges and metatarsal bones.
L., Metatarso-phalangeal, Plantar, one of those
joining the plantar surfaces of the phalanges and
metatarsal bones. L., Mucous {of knee-joint), a fold
of synovial membrane extending from the intercon-
dyloid ft>ssa to the lower margin of the patella. L.,
Naviculo-cuboid, one of those between the scaphoid
and cuboid bones. L., Naviculo-cuneiform, one
of those joining the scaphoid and cuneiform bones.
L., Oblique [of forearm). See Z., Round (of fore-
arm). L., Obturator, the- obturator membrane. L.,
Obturator, External. See Z., Occipito-atlantal,
Posterior. L., Occipito-atlantal, Lateral, one of
those joining the transverse processes of the atlas
to the jugular processes of the occipital bone. L., Oc-
cipito-atlantal, Posterior, one joining the dorsal
arch of the atlas and the posterior margin of the great
foramen. L., Occipito-atloid, Anterior, a liga-
ment joining the anterior arch of the atlas to the
anterior margin of the great foramen. L., Occipito-
axial. See Z. , Occipito-axoid. L., Occipito-axoid,
a strong ligament attached to the clivus of Blumen-
bach above and to the body of the axis and adjoining
vertebra below. L., Odontoid, any one of the broad,
strong ligaments arising on either side of the apex
of the odontoid process and connecting the atlas with
the skull. L., Odontoid, Alar. SeeZ., Odontoid,
Lateral. L., Odontoid, Lateral, one of the ligaments
joining the condyles of the occiput and the odontoid
process of the axis. L., Odontoid, Middle, one
joining the anterior margin of the great foramen and
the tip of the odontoid process. L., Omoclavicular.
See Z., Coraco-davii ular. L., Orbicular [of radius).
See Z., Annular [of radius). L., Ovarian, a band
of muscular fibers, extending from the posterior surface
of the uterus on either side to the ovary. L., Palmar.
See Z., Glenoid. L., Palpebral. See Z., Tarsal.
L., Palpebral, External, that joining the outer
margin of the orbit and the tissues of the eye-lid. L.,
Palpebral, Internal, one extending from the nasal pro-
cess of the superior maxilla to the lacrymal s] hie of the
lacrymal bone and the inner end of the tarsal cartilage.
L. patellae, a strong fibrous structure, extending from
the tubercle of the tibia upward to become the tendon
of the quadriceps extensor muscle ; it embraces the
patella. L., Patellar, Lateral, one of those joining
the sides of the condyles of the femur and the patella.
L. pectinatum, the spongy tissue at the junction of the
cornea and sclera in the sinus of the anterior chamber
of the eye. It forms the root of the iris. L., Phalan-
geal, Anterior, one of the ligaments on the palmar
and plantar surfaces of the phalanges. L., Phalan-

geal, Lateral, one of those joining the sides of contigu-
ous phalanges. L., Phrenico-colic, a peritoneal fold
joining the diaphragm and the splenic flexure of the
colon. L., Phrenico-gastric, a peritoneal fold be-
tween the diaphragm and the cardiac end ol the -tom-
ach. L., Phreno-colic. See /.. Phrenico-colic. L.,
Phreno-splenic. See Z., Suspensory (of spleen). L.,
Plantar, Deep. See /.., Calcaneo-cuboid, Sh
L., Plantar, Long. See /.., Calcaneo-cuboid Lo
L., Plantar, Short. See /.., Calcaneo-cuboid, Short.
L., Pleuro-colic. See /.., Phrenico-colic. L., Pos-
terior [of ankle-joint), a transverse ligament cover-
ing the ankle-joint posteriorly. L., Posterior (of
elbow), a ligament covering the elbow posteriorly.
L., Posterior [of incus), one joining the horizontal
process of the incus and the posterior tympanic
wall. L., Posterior [of knee-joint), one bounding
knee posteriorly. L., Posterior [of malleus), the
posterior portion of the external ligament of the
malleus. L., Posterior (of sacro-coccygeal articula-
tion). See /.., Sacro-coccygeal, Posterior. L., Pos-
terior [of wrist), one covering the dorsal surface of
the carpus. L., Poupart's, the ligament extending
from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the
spine of the pubis and the pectineal line. It is the
lower portion ol the aponeurosis of the external oblique
muscle. L., Pterygo-maxillary, one joining the
apex of the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
and the posterior extremity of the internal oblique line
of the lower jaw. L., Pubic, a portion of the fascia
lata attached to the crest of the pubes. L., Pubic,
Anterior, a band of fibrous tissue covering the anterior
surface of the pubis. L., Pubic, Inferior, a triangular
ligament, extending from the symphysis of the pubis
to the rami of the pubic bones. L., Pubic, Posterior,
one covering the symphysis pubis posteriorly. L.;
Pubic, Superior, one extending across the upper sur-
face of the symphysis pubis. L., Pubo-femoral, one
joining the margin of the obturator foramen, the
pectineal eminence and the superior ramus of the
pubis with the lesser trochanter of the femur. L.,
Pubo-prostatic, the anterior true ligament of the
bladder. L., Pubo-vesical, Middle, in the female,
a ligament between the anterior surface of the bladder,
the inferior pubic ligament and the crura of the
clitoris. L., Pulmonary. See L., Broad [of lung).
L., Pylori-colic, one running from the pyloric end
of the stomach to the transverse colon. L., Radio-
carpal. SeeZ., Lateral, External [of carpus). L.,
Radio-ulnar, Anterior, a ligament uniting, ante-
riorly, the lower end of the ulna and the anterior edge
of the sigmoid cavity of the radius. L., Radio-ulnar,
Posterior, one joining the posterior surface of the
lower end of the ulna, and the posterior margin of the
sigmoid cavity of the radius. L., Radio-ulnar,
Round. See Z., Round {of forearm). L. of the
Rectum, that part of the recto vesical fascia extend-
ing to the side of the rectum. L. of Retzius, the
outer portion of the anterior annular ligament of the
leg. L., Rhomboid, one joining the cartilage of the
first rib and the tuberosity of the clavicle. It is a part
of the costoclavicular ligament. L., Round (of fore-
arm i , one joining the c< >n in< lid process of the ulna and
the tuberosity of the radius. L., Round (of hip).
I., teres. L., Round [of liver), a fibrous cord
running from the umbilicus to the notch in the ante-
rior border of the liver. It represents the remains of the
obliterated umbilical vein. L., Round, Posterior, a
muscular band extending from the posterior surface of
the uterus th rough the broad ligament to the sub-peri-
toneal pelvic fascia. L., Round [of superior radio-
ulnar articulation). See Z., Round (of forearm).

■■■

1 ICAMENT

L . Round ' tne

gh the

I. s.icro-

■.

I. . S.i.t.

;

> -iir-
thin
■

I

I. . Sacro-iliac, Long.

ac, Ob-

nent,

ium. L.,

ra the side

tun. L.,

th( posl

: mi. L.,

•

ling from (he
; h
I. . Sacro-sciatic, Anterior.

L., Sacro-sciatic, Great,

from the

pine, to the tuber-

L., Sacro-sciatic, Large. See

L., Sacro-sciatic, Lesser.

L., Sacro-sciatic,

L., Sa-

Small. . /

! 9 ' p:nal. See /... iscAiatic. L.,

. iatii . L., Sacro-

L. of Schlemm,

L., Spheno-max-

max-

L.. Spiral, one attached to the

L., Stellate. See Z., i

L . Sternal, Anterior, one

I idiolus. anteriorly. L.,
al, Posterior. lining th>- posterior -urfaces

ri i din L., Sterno-
Anterior. riding

mum to the inner end of the
1. . Sterno-clavicular, Posterior, one
sternum posteriorly. L.,
>stal, Anterior. rnal,

L . Sterno-costal, Posterior. See Z.,
L., Sterno-xiphoid.
L., Stylo-hyoid, a fibi
.- from tfa i the styloid proci

•inn of the hyoid
L., Stylo-maxillary, a ligament joining the

r»e and the u
ramus of thi
L.. Stylo-myioid. See / ... Stylo-
I. . Sub-pubic. Si e / , Pu nor.

Superior [jug from the

I with
L., Superior • in u - /..,

I. . Superior

if the malleus

ivity.

L., Supra-

L ! :pra-spinou

Suspensory

I Suspensory

nule of /inn. L., Suspensory (of dia-
I, that portion of the prevertebral fascia,
. hini; the center of the diaphragm to the bodies of
the la-t cervical and first dorsal vertebrae. L., Sus-
pensory (of humeru . See /... Coraco-kumeral. L.,
Suspensory (of incu ), Arnold's ligament, con-
necting the body of the incus with the roof of the
tympanum. L., Suspensory (of liver). See /..,
of liver). L., Suspensory (of malleus). See
/. .. • (of malleus). L., Suspensory (of

mamma), a fibrous land extending from the fascia
above over the anterior surface of the mamma. L.,
Suspensory (ofmesente) i I, the root of the mesentery.
L., Suspensory (of penis), that attaching the upper
portion ol the dorsum of the penis to the anterior sur-
of the symphysis pubis. L., Suspensory (of
spleen), a peritoneal fold attaching the spleen to the
lower surface of the diaphragm. L., Suspensory \oj
uterus). See Z., Broad (of uterus) and Z., Round
(of uterus). L., Tarsal, the tarso-orbital fascia. L.,
Tarso-metatarsal, Dorsal, one of those joining the

ttarsal and tarsal bones. L., Tarso-metatarsal
Interosseous, External, that joining the external
surfai e of the external cuneiform bone and the third and
fourth metatarsal bones. L., Tarso-metatarsal Inter-
osseous, Internal, one joining the internal cuneiform
and second metatarsal bones. L., Tarso-metatarsal
Interosseous, Middle, one joining the external
cuneiform and second metatarsal bones. L., Tarso-
metatarsal, Plantar, one of those joining the plantar
surfaces of the tarsal and metatarsal bones. L.,
Tendino-trochanterian, Bellini's ligament, a strong
ligament extending from the capsule of the hip joint
to the greater trochanter of the femur. L. teres, a
rounded fibrous cord attached to the center of the articu-
lar surface of the head of the femur, and extending to
the margin of the cotyloid notch of the acetabu-
lum. L., Thyro-arytenoid. See Vocal Bands. L.,
Thyro-arytenoid, Inferior, one of the inferior or true
vocal band-. L., Thyro-arytenoid, Superior, one
extending between the inner surface of the upper por-
tion of the thyroid cartilage and the anterior surfaces
of the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. L., Thyro-
epiglottic, one extending from the notch between the
wings of the thyroid cartilage to the apex of the epi-
glottis. L., Thyro-hyoid, the thyro-hyoid membrane.
L., Thyro-hyoid, Lateral, one of those joining the
tips of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone and the
superior cornua of the thyroid cartilage. L., Thyro-
hyoid, Middle, the center line of the thyrohyoid
membrane. L., Tibio-fibular, Inferior Posterior,
one at the lower tibio-fibular articulation, running
obliquely downward from the tibia to the fibula. L.,
Tibio-fibular, Inferior Transverse. See Z., Tibio-
fibular, Transverse. L., Tibio-fibular Interqsse-
ous, one extending between the tibia and the fibula.
L., Tibio-fibular Interosseous, Inferior, one joining
the tibia and the fibula at their lower extremities. L.,
Tibio-fibular, Posterior Inferior. See L., Poste-
rior r tibiofibular articulation). L., Tibio-
fibular, Posterior Superior, one joining the poste-
rior surfai e i if the external tuberosity of the tibia and
the head of the fibula, posteriorly. L., Tibio-fibular,
Superior Posterior. SeeZ., Tibio-fibular, Posterior
Superior. L., Tibio-fibular, Transverse, one ex-
tending between tlje lowei posterior bonier of the
tibia and the external malleolus. L., Tibio-tarsal,
tending from the lower anterior margin of "the
tibia to the upper surface of the astragalus. L.,
Transverse (of acetabulum). See /.. Transverse

hip-joint). L., Transverse (of atlas), one at-
tached to two small tubercles on the inner surface of

LIGAMENTAI.

685

LIGHT

the atlas, and surrounding the odontoid process of the
axis. L., Transverse [of hip-joint), one extending
across the cotyloid notch of the acetabulum. L.,
Transverse [of knee-joint), one extending from the
anterior margin of the external semilunar fibro-carti-
lage to the extremity of the internal semilunar fibro-
cartilage. L., Transverse, Medial [of tarsus), one
extending from the first cuneiform to 1 1 k - bases of the
third and fourth metatarsal bones. L., Transverse
[of shoulder-joint). See L., Coraco-acromial. L.,
Transverso-costal. See L., Costo-transverse. L.,
Trapezoid, the anterior or external portion of the
coraco-clavicular ligament, extending from the upper
surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, to the
under surface of the clavicle. L., Triangular : i. The
coraco-acromial ligament, q.v. 2. That portion of the
aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle extending
from the outer portion of Poupart's ligament to the
linea alba. L., Triangular [of liver). See L., Lat-
eral (of liver). L., Triangular, Anterior (of pelvis).
See L., Pubic, Inferior. L., Utero-rectal. See Z.,
Utero-sacral. L., Utero-sacral, one of the recto-
uterine folds of peritoneum. L., Utero-vesical, one
of the folds of peritoneum connecting the bladder to
the uterus. L., Vertebral, Posterior, one extend-
ing from the axis to the sacrum, along the posterior
surface of the bodies of the vertebra;. L., Vesico-
uterine. See Z., Utero-vesical. L., Weitbrecht's.
A bundle of fibers upon the anterior aspect of the
interosseous ligament of the radio-cubital articulation.
L., Winslow's, the posterior ligament of the
knee-joint. See I.., Posterior [of knee-joint). L.,
Y-shaped [of Bigeloiv), the Ilio-femoral ligament.
L. of Zinn, the tendinous origin of the external, in-
ferior, and internal recti muscles of the eye.

Ligamental [lig-am-en'-tal), Ligamentary [lig-am-
en' -tare) [ligare, to bind]. Of the nature of a liga-
ment.

Ligamentous (lig-am-enf-tus) \ligamentum, from
li^are, to bind]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a
ligament.

Ligamentum [lig-am-en'-tum) [L. : pi., Ligamenta~\.
See Ligament. L. dentis, a name given to that
portion of the gum which is attached to the neck of
a tooth.

Ligation {li-gaf -shun) \ligatio : ligare, to tie]. The
operation of tying, especially of tying arteries. L.
of Cord, applying a ligature about the umbilical cord
of the new-born child. L., Multiple, the application
of several ligatures in the course of a vessel. L. in
Continuity, ligation of a vessel in its course for the
cure of an aneurysm or to arrest hemorrhage at some
distant point.

Ligator (li-ga'-tor) [ligare. to bind]. An instrument
used in placing and fastening ligatures.

Ligature [ligf-at-Ur) \ligatura ; ligare, to tie]. A cord
or thread of any material for tying arteries, etc. L.,
Animal, one made from sheepgut or catgut, or the ten-
dons or sinews of various animals. L., Articulated,
the Ecraseur, q. v. L., Aseptic, one rendered free
from infective material by soaking in and cleansing with
germicidal solutions, or by boiling or heating. L.,
Buckskin, the first absorbable ligature used by
Physick, who employed untanned buckskin. L.,
Carbolized, a ligature rendered aseptic by carbolic
acid. L., Catgut, a ligature made from the middle
coat of the sheep's intestine, and rendered aseptic and
tough by carbolic acid or perchlorid of mercury. L.,
Chromicised, a ligature hardened by treatment
with a solution of chromic acid. L., Deer-skin,
a ligature formed of a thin strip cut from prepared
deer-skin and rendered aseptic. L., Double, the

application of two ligatures to a vessel, between
which it i.-> divided. In tin- case of a pedunculated
growth it refers to two ligatures passed through the
-.nne opening and tied at opposite sides. L., Elastic,
a narrow band or thread of india-rubber applied tightly
to a part so as to destroy the tissues and by compres-
sion i" lead to separation. It is used in the treatment
of hemorrhoids, anal fistula, and in the removal I
pedunculated growths. L., Erichsen's, one c onsisting
of a double thread, one half of which i> white, the Other
half black ; it i> used in the ligation of nevi. L.,
Hemp, a thread made from hemp libers rendered
aseptic. L., Horsehair, an excellent ligature formed
by plaiting together a number of Strands of horsehair.
After immersion in oil for some time it becomes ex-
tremely supple, and is capable of slow absorption. L.,
Immediate, a ligature including the vessel alone. L.,
Intermittent, a tourniquet applied above a poisoned
wound to interrupt the blood-current ; it is occasion-
ally relaxed to allow of renewal of the circulation. L.,
Kangaroo, a ligature made from the smaller tendons
of the kangaroo's tail, dried and carbolized. It is
stouter than the catgut ligature, and is not absorbed
so readily. L., Lateral, partial occlusion of the
lumen of a vessel by a loose ligature. L., " Loose,"
a ligature employed by the younger Cline and South.
It consists in the application of a thread around an
artery so loosely as not to interfere with the pas-age of
the blood. It was erroneously believed to cause an
inflammation that would completely block up the ves-
sel. L., Mediate, one enclosing some of the
soft parts as well as the artery. L., Metallic, one
made of silver or other metal. L., Momentary, the
momentary application of a tight ligature so as to rup-
ture the intima of an artery. L., Ox-aorta, a form
of broad ligature introduced by Harwell for the pur-
pose of tying an artery without lacerating its inner and
middle coats ; it consists of the middle coat of the aorta
of the ox, cut spirally, allowed to dry, and, ten minutes
before using, soaked in a five per cent, solution of car-
bolic acid in water. L., Permanent, one made of
non-absorbable material. L., Phlebotomy, the appli-
cation of a band to a limb to produce distention of the
veins to facilitate venesection. L., Provisional, a
ligature applied during an operation, with the intention
of removing it before the completion of the operation.
L., Quadruple, two double ligatures passed at right
angles through a growth and tied in four sections ; it
is used in the strangulation of nevi. L., Scarpa's,
one employed in the ligation of arteries ; it consists of
a small fold of linen which is placed against the vessel
and over which the ligature is tied. L., Silk, a
thread of silk for ligating vessels. L., Silkworm-
gut, a material recommended for purposes of ligation
by MacSweeny in 1S1S. It is the fiber drawn out
from the silkworm killed when it is just ready to spin
its cocoon. L., Soluble, an animal ligature capable
of being absorbed. L., Tendon, the tendon, or
strips of tendons, of various animals, as those of the
kangaroo, deer, and whale, dried and carbolized. L.,
Wire, a metallic wire for the ligation of arteries and
other parts. After it-; application it is cut short and
allowed to become encapsulated.
Light {lit) [ME., light, light]. That form of energy
which, when impinging upon the retina, gives rise to
the sensation of vision. The old theory was the so-
called Emission, or Corpuscular Theory, which re-
garded light as consisting of minute material particles
emitted by the luminous body and giving rise to the
sensation of vision by impinging upon the
retina. The accepted, or Undulatory, Theory re-
gards light as a form of ethereal vibration or undu-

-

1.11 A.C

:] The longs - died

L..

M
Re

L.. D n of.

:

L.-

L.. Incandes-

the

L.. Incident, or
L..

.

g

L.-
L.. Re' ,;K>n

L.,

-
|
- -ire perceived
L.. Refraction of,
g

I

L. -sense,

3 of light or

L., Spectrum of.

L.-spot, Triangu-

n the normal tvni-

the umbo, and its

L., To Feel ; quickening;

...

L.. Transmitted.

• he bursa
:n much

-

'.

L. Ca-

nt.

Same -

'. j. Sao

I

i]. Wood]

'. r.putation. -

Lignicolir.v
,to dwell]. In biol (ring

Lignificatior. wood ;

rhe ] ss if turning into wood ;
g aeration,

Tin].

]■ l ; ,H;,1 V> ' ?)■ A

- . instituting the greater por-
most dr>' wood. It has not been
L.. Tests for ; phloroglucin g iolet

ed cell- walls. Anilin sulphate, in
- g • acidulated soluti - .1 bright yellow color.

Lignite . Brown coal; fan-

peri al, or that in which the original

- - listinctly preserved that it can
be : -ied by the eye. It is a source of

certain members of the pararhn group of hydro-
-
Lignivorous , wood : vorare,

to ■ plied to such insect larvae,

ants, bi ,..as devour wood.

Lignoin id], C^l i N An

Lignose

Lignum [I. .]. Wood. L. agallochum,

aloes wood. L. benedictum, guaiac wood L.
cedrium. cedar wockI. L. vitae. S«

LigToin in) [origin obscure]. A product ob-

tained from petroleum, boiling at from So°to 120° C,
and having a specific gravity of from .710 to 7^0. It
is used in pharmacy for solvent purposes, and for
burning in sponge-lamps.

Ligu'..i . 5ue3- A little

tor._ :e-shaped organ; the epiglottis; the

clavicle ; the tenia of the fourth ventricle, called

- . a name given 10
the tongue of an articulate. See. In bio!

applied to various strap-shaped organs or parts, as the
i'lade in a plant, or the 1. like organ

of hvmenopterous insect- AJso called Ligule.

Ligulate . from . tongue].

.ike a small tongue ; strap-shaped.

Ligule . a variety of Hngula, a little

tot \ strap]. Same .-

Liguiiform

Ligulin . little tongue]. The col-

oring matte- . 1. and of the

ber- ie common privet > Ligustrum zidgare).

With limestone water it strikes a bright-red c
ch.. blue, whence it has been used as a test

ice of limestone in water.

Ligusticum . I.igurian]. A

liferous plants: lovage. L. actaei-
folium is carminative and stimulant, as is also L.
apiifolium of V America. Li.

Ligustrum [L.]. ■ of oleaceous

shrubs; priv< ;ts. L.vulgare, the common privet, has

- and bark, and cathartic berries. Unof.

Lila lilac]. The leaves and fruit

. a bitter tonic, with reputed anti-
ptr Unof.

LILY Or 'IUh VAL1

Lily of the Valley. nvaUaria ■

Limb dim) [ME., /;«;, a limb]. I. A j f an

animal bod ■ i or trunk ; a !• .

arm. 2. In raJ area, i

of an organ or part

motion. L., Anterior
part of the internal capsule ir, front of the • i
eluded between the i ular nuc.

L., Artificial, a mechanii al substitute f r an arm or a
leg. L. -girdle, tbi

a limb and the trur,,. . L., Pectoral, I r or

fore-limb. L., Pelvic, the lower or hind-limb. L.
Plexus, the supposed rearrangement of I
so as t'

the spinal cord with particular
L., Poster:o:

hind the knee, situated betwi caudate

and the optic thalamu- L.-root. the part of a
skeleton that bears a limb.

Limbate it) \limbus, a border]. Bordered.

Limbation \lim-baf-shun) {limbus,-* border]. In bi-
ology, the formation of an extended a lateral
thickening.

Limbed ilimd) [ME.,//w, a limb]. Having limbs.

Limbic ilim'-bik) \Jimbus, a border]. Marginal; per-
taining to a border. L. Fissure. m L.
Lobe, that surrounding the corpus callosum.

Limburger Cheese, .^ee Ch

Limbus ilim'-bu:) [L.]. A border. The circumfer-
ential edge of any flat organ or part. L. corneae,
the edge of the cornea at its junction with the
sclerotic coat. L. laminae spiralis, the spiral mem-
branous cushion, at the border of thi is lamina
spiralis of the cochlea. L. luteus. See Macula
lutea. L. vieussenii, that portion of the edge of the
septum secundum in the fetal heart of the rabbit that
forms part of the boundary of the foramen ovale.

Lime dim) [Ar. limun, a lemon]. The fruit of several
species of Citrus, as C. limetta. L.-juice, the juice
of the lime. It should contain, when bottled, a small
percentage of sulphurous acid, to prevent fermentation.

Lime dim) [ME.,//», lime]. The popular name for cal-
cium oxid, CaO quicklime), and calcium hydrate,
Ca( HO). Calcium oxid (quicklime has a great affinity
for water and f On contact with the former,

slaked lime is formed, with the evolution of heat,
living tissues it acts as a caustic. L., Burnt, L.,
Caustic, calcium oxid, quicklime. L., Chlorid of, L.,
Chlorinated, the chlorid of lime of commerce, is not
a distinct chemic compound ; its chief constituent,
and the one on which its disinfectant properties depend,
is calcium hypochlorite, which liberates chlorin. L.-
secreting Glands. See Morrens1 Glands. L.,
Milk of, a milky fluid consisting of calcium hydrate
suspended in water. L., Quick, L., Slaked, com-
mon terms for lime. L. -ointment, an ointment con-
sisting of slaked lime 4, lard I, and olive oil 3. L.-
water, a solution of calcium hydrate in water. It is
astringent and alkaline, and prevents the formation
of dense coagula if added to milk. It is used in
cases of diarrhea and vomiting.

Limen (K'-men) [Xi/ajv, a harbor]. Threshold.

Limic (lim'-ik) \7ufi6c, hunger]. Pertaining to hunger.

Liminal 1 Hm'-in-aU [/ju7,t, threshold]. Least; lov
minimal. L. Intensity. See Z

Limitans, Limiting lim'-it-anz, lim'-it

threshold]. Bounding. L. Membrane, the thin
membrane on which the epithelial tissue of the various
glands rests. L. Membrane, External, the thin
layer between the outer nuclear layer of the retina
and that of the rods and cones. L. Membrane, In-
ternal, in the eye. the inner layer of the retina.

Limitrophic
to

per'
Limnemic lim-ne'

■
Limnomeph:'.. .

. -

Limoctonia

• a]. Death from hui .
Limonene H'-m

Limonurr. ~. the

Ar

num, of the same genus

lime. The rind isomeric

with oil of turpentine. The

per cent, of citr r.h has a

san. acid, but has ir.

a refrigerant ar. .

is largely employed as a refrigerant dri:

L., Ol., the •• - _-. L

" essence of lemon," 6 parts of oil and 4 of

90 parts of alco'r. L.f Succtu used in

paring syrupus limonis. L., Syr., lemon-juice .

lemon-peel 2, sugar 60, water q. s. ad 100. I

L. . - " Acid: 1 . ft

citric acid, water, aa 8, spt of L
Limophoitos Limophoitosii

fo-it-o1 '■ . f, hung' - - ..'■--

due to hunger or lao. rition.

Limophoitosic '-.m-o-fo-it-o' i#f,huriL-

to war.: ] :n hunger or ur.

feeding.
Limophthisis [Km- .hunger - .

wasting]. The wasting of the body du-. -tion

and lack of food.
Limopsora .im-op-siZ-rak) hunger ;

itch]. A kind of scabies (or pruri: . 1 to

attack man and other animals after long deprivation of
d.
Limopsorus hunger :

itch]. A disease, like scurvy, pellagra, or famine-
fever, due to poor or insufficient food.
Limoseric {lim-oser* -ik) \Mfi6g, hunger]. Pertaining

to or caused by hunger.
Limosis lim- 16c, hunger:

Unnatural appetite ; a class of diseases distinguished

by depraved appetite.
Limotherapy !im-o-therf-ap-e) [ :.jnger; Oepa-

-;atment]. The treatment of disease I

or total deprivation of food. This method is

certain stages of syphilis, in the treatment of aneur

and is recommended in some cases of malignant

disease.
Limp [AS., lemp, awkward]. A halting gait.

Go*
Limprecht's Method. See Nitrogen.
Linagogue Linagogu; ?vs)

\linum, thread: ;, leading]. An instrur

used in guiding the course of a suture.
Linamer. I Charpie; lint;

a tent for a wound.
Linaria [Hn a'-re-ah) jenus of

herbs. L. vulgaris.
Lincture to lick]. A

medicine to be taken by licking ; an electuary ; looch,

lohoch. or eclegma. [Old.]
Linctus linkf-tm [L.]. Same as Lincture.

Line

tther

LIM S

the atmosphere. L., Atrope, a name given by

mholtz to the perpendicular to the plane of the axes

Nation o\ the eye. L., Colored [of the enamel),

..,,, , ntrii -tn e of enamel prisms. They

may indicate the laminar formation of the enamel.

L. -writing. See Ataxiagratn.

fABLE OF LINES OR LINE^E.

Description.

( .-.-i male's term for that portion of the visual line in which lie
ts that are seen with distinctness, and with a given state
or.] accommodation.

\

\
\

A

V

; \ tendinous raphe extending in the median line of the
abdomen from the pubestothe ensiform cartilage. It is formed
by the blending oi the aponeuroses of the oblique ami trans-
versalis muscles. . ...

2 Hunter's line, the anterior peduncles of the pineal gland.

( listening white lines in either iliac region of the abdomen.

A line joining the basion and the alveolar point.

•nctry.
my.

• ctroscopy.

■

Opt

ration of the abdomen.

A line joining the nasal and the alveolar point.

i. A rough longitudinal ridge on the posterior surface of the
middle third of the femur, dividing below into two and above
into three ridge:

2. A ripa; especially the line of rupture of the pia and endyma
on the dorsal surface of the thalamus, corresponding with the
margin of the fornix and the choroid sulcus of Schvvalbe.

That portion of Fraunhofer's lines produced by the absorption
of light-rays by atmospheric air.

The line normal to the plane of the axes of rotation of the eye.

See L. albicantes.

metry.

In physical diagnosis.

A line passing from the auricular point to the bregma, and
dividing the pre-auricular from the post-auricular part of the
cranium. ____

Vertical lines extending downward from the axilla on the
side of the trunk.

ind Outer.

•

A line running backward from the infra-orbital ridge through
the middle of the external auditory meatus, and prolonged to
the middle line of the head posteriorly.

•

'rV-

:ry.

See L., Alveolo-basilar.

1

The line joining the basion and the bregma.

'

The extern;.! i onjugate diameter of the pelvis.

try.

The line separating the anterior from the posterior portion of
the skull. It extends from one auditory foramen over the
vertex to the other.

1

A blue-black line at the dental margin of the gums.

See /.., Test.

In various diseases.

A line running from the external auditory meatus to a point
iust below the nasal spine.

1 'In- line that runs across the palm of the hand from the radial
side to the base of the index linger.

Any line joining certain points on the surface of the skull.

media m

A green line at the margin of the gums, with a similar green
.in extending for some distance on the teeth.

not well

en trie brown lines or striae crossing the enamel-prisms of

the 1

LINES lis!)

TABLE OF LINKS OR I.INL.L

LINES

-Continued.

Namk. i Department, Significance, etc.

Description.

Contour.

Microscopii anatomy.

in dentine more or less parallel with the pulp-cavity,
probably due to the presence of interglobular spaces.

Corrigan's.

( 'liionii c . ippi 1 ■poisoning

A purple line at the junction of the teeth and gums.

Costo-articular.

In physical diagnosis.

A line drawn between the Bterno-clavicular articulation and the
point of the eleventh rib.

Costoclavicular.

In physical diagnosis.

See L., Parasternal.

Cruciate (4 in number).

In anatomy.

Ridges upon the ental surface of the occipital bone that
radiate from the internal occipital protuberance.

Crull's.

Craniometry.

See /.., Supraorbital.

Curved, inferior (of
the ilium).

In anatomy.

A line extending from the upper part of the anterior-inferior
spinous process of the ilium, and terminating at the middle of
tlie great sciatic notch.

Curved, inferior (of
the occipital bone).

In anatomy.

A ridge extending transversely across the outer surface of the
occipital bone at about one-third of the distance between its
anterior border and the anterior border of the foramen
magnum.

Curved, inferior (of
the parietal bone).

In anatomy.

See /.., Temporal.

Curved, middle (of
the ilium).

In anatomy.

A line commencing about an inch or an inch and a half behind
the anterior superior spine of the ilium and arching backward
and downward to the upper margin of the great sciatic notch.

Curved, superior (of
the ilium).

In anatomy.

A line commencing about two inches in front of the posterior
extremity of the crest of the ilium and curving downward and
forward toward the posterior part of the great sciatic notch.

Curved, superior (of
the occipital bone).

In anatomy.

A semicircular line, passing outward and forward from the
external occipital protuberance.

Curved, superior (of
the parietal bone).

In anatomy.

A ridge upon the outer surface of the parietal bone, parallel to
and slightly above the temporal line.

Of Daubenton.

Craniometry.

A line joining the opisthion and the projection of the lower
border of the orbit.

Of demarcation.

In surgery.

A line of division between healthy and gangrenous tissues.

Of De Salle.

In abdominal and other wasting
diseases.

See L., Nasal.

Dobie's.

Microscopic anatomy.

The thin, dark disc or membrane passing transversely through
and bisecting the clear zone or stria in a striated muscle-fiber.

Doornick's horizontal
line.

Craniometry.

A line drawn from the median incisors to the maximum occipital
point.

Douglas's.

Topographic anatomy.

See L., Semicircular.

Eberth's.

Microscopic anatomy.

The lines of junction of the cardiac muscle-cells.

Ectental.

Microscopic anatomy.

The line of junction of the ectoderm and endoderm.

Ellis's curved line.

In pleurisy.

The curved line followed by the upper border of a pleuritic
effusion, or of a hydrothorax. It is somewhat like the letter
S, the highest point being in the axilla, from which it descends
toward the sternum.

Embryonic.

Embryology.

The primitive trace in the center of the germinal area of the
ovum.

Eminens (of the cri-
coid cartilage).

Anatomy.

A mesal ridge of the dorsal half of the cricoid cartilage.

Eminens (of the patel-
la).

Anatomy.

A ridge on the posterior surface of the patella, dividing that
surface into two unequal parts, the outer of which is the
larger.

Eminens (of the pos-
terior pyramid, also
of Reil).

In anatomy.

A ridge descending posteriorly from the summit of the pyramis
eerebelli.

Eminens transversa (of
the kyoid bone).

Anatomy.

The horizontal ridge crossing the ventral surface of the body
of the hyoid bone.

Eminentes.

Anatomy.

The ridges upon the costal surface of the scapula, in the sub-
scapular fossa.

Facial.

Craniometry.

1. A straight line tangential to the glabella and some point at
the lower portion of the face. 2. See L., Camper's.

44

iR LINE^E. — Continued.

I [ N ES

l II' 1 H>N.

.

A line beginning near the wrist and running up the middle oi
the palm inward the base of the index-fing

1 he whitish, dentated border of the mucosa of the esophagus
ts junction with the mucosa of the stomach.

An imaginary line drawn from the object viewed through the
iti i the eye.

The lines, anterior and posterior, that bound the focal interval.

1 1 •

A line running upward to the base of the ring-finger.

■

The black lines that i ross a very pure solar spectrum. They

iroduced by the light from lower portions of the solar

Mm., ig through certain incandescent metallic vapors

in the luminiferous envelop of the sun, and in the aqueous

vapor and permanent gases of the earth's atmosphere.

A black line occupying the position of a luminous line in the
trura when a metallic vapor is interposed in the ray of
light; the position of the line varies with different metals.

my.

Transverse lines or stria; appearing on the axis-cylinder of
medullated nerve-fibers, near the nodes of Ranvier, after the
fibers have been stained with silver nitrate. Their significance
is unknown.

In pn .

The shortest transverse measurement of the forehead.

The pigmentation of the linea alba.

In sui |

A section of the femur, through an imaginary line below the
trochanter major.

,;e disease of some
■niuial organ.

A line in a child's face, running downward from the region of
the malar bone to join the nasal line.

Same as L. of Baillarger.

t'l).

t various disc:

A reddish streak or margin at the reflected edge of the gums.

•

ilium), Inferior

•

my.
ilmistry.

A line following the general direction of the upper margin of
the zygoma.

See /.. splendens.

»d.

A line beginning between the thumb and index-finger, and ex-
tending across the center of the palm of the hand parallel to
the line of the heart.

'

ilmistry.
ilmistry.

See L., Hepatic.

See L., Cardiac.

See L., Atrope.

:ry.

A line beginning at the wrist near the line of life and running
upward to the base of the little finger.

imy.

A white line marking the point of junction of the skin of the
perineum with the mucosa of the anus, and also the point of
separation of the external from the internal sphincter. It is
dways readily detected.

value in
the hip-joint.

A sulcus below the fold of the groin, starting from the femoro-
ital furrow, and fading away between the great trochanter
and the anterior superior iliac spine. It crosses the middle of
the capsule of the hip.

' • rth's.

1 , alba.

A line tangential to the lower margin of the orbit, and pass-
ing through the auricular point.

•

The iliac portion of the ilio-pectineal line.

ridge marking the brim of the true pelvis, situated
on the ilium and partly on the pubis.

LINES 691 LINES

TABLE OF LINES OR LINEjE.— Continued.

Name.

Department, Significance, etc.

Description.

Incremental (Salter's).

Microscopic anatomy.

A curved line in dentine, supposed to indicate the laminar
structure, and to correspond to the successive lamina; or
strata of dentine.

Inner (of Baillarger).

Anatomy.

A thin, whitish line parallel to the surface, seen with the naked
m a section of the gray matter of the cerebrum. It is the
liiih line from without inward.

Innominate.

Obstetrics.

See L., Ilio-pectineal.

Interauricular.

Craniometry.

A line joining the two auricular points.

Intercellular.

Microscopic anatomy.

The narrow intervals between contiguous cells of epithelium or
endothelium. They are filled by the cell-cement.

Intercondylar.

Anatomy.

A transverse ridge joining the condyles of the femur above the
intercondyloid fossa.

Intercondylean.

Anatomy.

See L., Intercondylar.

Interjugal.

Craniometry.

A line joining the jugal points.

Intermalar.

Craniometry.

A line joining the malar points.

Intermediate.

Microscopic anatomy.

See L., Dobie's.

Intermediate (of the
ilium).

Anatomy.

The ridge upon the crest of the ilium between its inner and out-
er lip.

Intertrochanteric, an-
terior (of the femur).

Anatomy.

A line upon the anterior surface of the femur, separating the
neck and shaft, extending between the tubercle and a point
close to and in front of the lesser trochanter.

Intertrochanteric, pos-
terior (of the femur).

Anatomy.

A ridge on the posterior surface of the femur, extending between
the greater and lesser trochanters.

Intermberal.

Anatomy.

A line joining the inner borders of the ischial tuberosities, im-
mediately below the small sciatic notch.

Jadelot's.

Various diseased conditions.

See L., Genal, Labial, Nasal, and Oculozygomatic.

OfKilian.

Anatomy.

See L. prominens.

Kirchoff's.

In spectroscopy.

See L., Fraunhofer's.

Labial (ofjadelot).

Supposed to indicate pulmonary dis-
ease.

A line on an infant's face running downward and backward from
the angle of the mouth.

Lateral.

Comparative anatomy.

In fishes, the line of openings of ducts on either side of the body.

Of life.

In palmistry.

A line starting near the wrist, skirting the base of the thumb,
and terminating between the thumb and the line of the head.

Ligar's.

In anatomy ; the upper point of tri-
section of the first indicates the
emergence of the gluteal artery ; the
middle of the second, the spot where
the sciatic artery leaves the pelvis.

Two lines, one joining the posterior iliac spine at a point mid-
way between the tuber ischii and the great trochanter; the
other from the posterior iliac spine to the inner point of trisec-
tion of a line between the tuber ischii and the trochanter.

Mammillary.

Physical diagnosis.

A vertical line passing through the center of the nipple.

Media mesolobii.

Anatomy.

The raphe of the callosum.

Media scroti.

Anatomy.

The raphe of the scrotum.

Median.

Anatomy. A line joining any two points at the periphery of the meson or

median plane of the body.

Mylo-hyoidean.

Anatomy. See L., Oblique, Internal (of the inferior maxilla).

Nasal (of fadelot). Also
called De Salle's line.

Supposed to indicate abdominal dis-
ease and other wasting diseases.

A line on a child's face, starting at the upper margin of the ala
nasi, and, encircling the angle of the mouth, extending down-
ward to the outer edge of the orbicularis muscle.

Naso-alveolar.

Craniometry. See L., Alveola-nasal.

Naso-basilar.

Craniometry. The line drawn through thebasion and the nasal point.

Naso-1 ambdoi d (of
Poirier).

Craniometry.

A line drawn from the naso-frontal groove to a point one centi-
meter above the lambda. It is of value in determining the
position of the fissure of Rolando.

Naso-subnasal.

Craniometry.

The line running from the subnasal spine to the naso-frontal su»
ture.

NSlaton's.

In surgery ; in dislocation of the fe- i
mur backward the trochanter is al-
ways found above this line.

A line drawn from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the
most prominent part of the tuberosity of the ischium.

LINES

R i im:.i —('."///'■

• ■RIPTION.

: the linea alba in pregnancy.

irved line of the occ iput.

,1 protubi ■

line "i the occiput.

minent ridgeon the internal surface ol the shaft ol the
immencing above at the inner sideof the head, and
ng in the interosseous ridge at the lower fourth of

minent ridge running from the lower part of the bicipital
lubei wnward and outward, to form the anterior Dor-
ione.

lending downward and outward from the tubercle of
the .milage.

A rough ridge that cross* S the posterior surface of the tibia ob-
twnward from the back part of the articular facet for
the fibula to the internal border.

A prominent ridge on the external surface of the inferior maxilla
iW the mental foramen, from which it runs outward,
upward, and ba< kward to the anterior margin of the ramus.

i the internal surface of the lower jaw, commencing at
rior portion ol the sublingual fossa, continuing up-
i aii'l outward so as to pass just below the last two molar
th.

bro-spinal

A line on a child's face running from the inner angle of the eye,
iwnward and outward, to the malar bone.

fc *Q *■

• the interna!
'■ ' the •■ ninr.

The line for the tendon of the adductor magnus, running from
the tubercle of the femur to the intercondyloid notch.

■

A thin, whitish line parallel to the surface, seen with the naked
in a section ol the gray matter of the cerebrum. It is the
third line from without inward.

my.

See L., Contour.

imy.

A dark line in the electric plate of Gymnolus, separating the
plate into two parts.

my.

■

In molluscs, the lines left in the dead shell by the muscular mar-
gin of the mantle.

A line midway between the two nipples.

The axis of the parturient canal.

1

That portion of the ilio-pectineal line which is formed by the pu-
bic t

See L., Oblique (of the tibia).

The primitive streak oi the embryo.

rhe promontory ol the sai rum.

l-marked eminence on tin- femur commencing about the
middle of the posterior intertrochanteric line, and descending
vertically for about two inches along the posterior surface of
the shaft.

' eminens (of the posterior pyramid).

'

1 onnecting the bases of the upward strokes in a trai -

ing of the pulse. In quiel breathing it is nearly straight, but

in la md in some dis< ased i onditions it be-

lore oi less regular curve, due to the influence of the

n the i m ulation.

■ laton's.

mental.

LINES 693 LINES

TABLE OF LINES OR LINE^E.— Continued.

Name.

Departmknt, Sicnificani

Description.

Scapular.

Physical diagnosis.

A vertical line downward from the lower angle of the scap-
ula.

Schreger's.

Microscopic anatomy.

in dentine, having a general parallelism to the pulp-cavity.
They are caused 1 ■ : the primary or great curvatures
ol the dentinal tubules.

Semicircular (Doug-
las's).

Topographic anatomj .

i urved lower edge "t the i urosis
ol the internal oblique n •• it ceases
to cover the postenor surface ol the rectus abdominis.

Semilunar (of Spige-
lius).

Topographic anatomy.

A curved tendinous condensation "1 the aponeurosis of the ex-
ternal oblique muscle of the abdomen, running along the outer
border of the rectus abdominis.

Ofsifcht.

In optics.

An imaginary line drawn from thi Hewed to the center
ol the pupil.

Sinuous, inferior (of
the anus).

Anatomy.

The convoluted line at the junction of the mucosa of the rectum
with the integument at the anus.

Solea.

Anatomy.
Topographic anatomy ■

Topographic anatomy.

Oblique line of the tibia at the attachment of the soleus muscle.

Spigel's.

See L., Semilunar.

Of Spigelius.

See L., Semilunar.

Splendens (of Ha Her).

Anatomy.

A longitudinal fibrous band extending along the middle line of
the anterior surface of the spinal pia.

Sternal.

Physical diagnosis.

The median line of the sternum.

Sterno-mastoid.

In surgery.

A line drawn from a point between the two heads of the
sterno-mastoid muscle to the mastoid process.

Supracondylar, exter-
nal (of the femur).

Anatomy.

The external, inferior continuation of the lineaaspera of the fe-
mur.

Supracondylar, inter-
nal (of the femur).

Anatomy.

The inner of the two ridges into which the linea aspera of the
femur divides.

Supra-orbital.

In craniometry.

A line extending horizontally across the forehead immediately
above the root of the external angular process of the frontal bone

Temporal.

Anatomy.

A curved line on the outer surface of the parietal bone, just be-
low the parietal eminence, forming in part the upper boundary
of the temporal fossa.

Test (Bryant's).

Surgery-

A line for detecting fracture or shortening of the neck of the fe-
mur. If two lines are drawn tomeet at right angles, one of
them backward from the anterior superior spinous process of
the ilium, and the other upward from the top of the trochanter
major; the latter is the test-line Its length is to be compared
with the same line on the uninjured side.

Thompson's.

Frequently noticeable in pulmonary
tuberculosis.

A red line of vascular tissue along the margin of the gums.

Topinard's profile.

Craniometry.

A line joining the intersuperciliary point and the most prominent
point of the chin.

Transverse (of the ab-
domen).

Anatomy.

The tendinous intersections in the course of the rectus abdomi-
nis muscle.

Transverse (of the
fourth ventricle).

Anatomy.

The striae acusticae of the fourth ventricle.

Transverse(o_/" sacrum) .

Anatomy.

Ridges formed by the lines of union of the four sacral vertebrae.

Trapezoid.

Anatomy.

The line of attachment of the trapezoid ligament on the inferior
surface of the outer portion of the clavicle.

OfVicq d' Azyr.

Anatomy.

See L., Outer (of Baillarger).

Virchow's.

Craniometry.

The line extending from the root of the nose to the lambda.

Visual.

Optics.

An imaginary line, drawn from a point looked at, through the
nodal point of the eye. to the macula lutea.

Vogt's alveolar line.

Craniometry.

A line extending from the maximum occipital point to the
superior alveolar point.

L., Zollner's.

In optics (for test-purposes).

Draw three parallel horizontal lines one centimeter apart, and
through the upper and lower ones draw short, oblique, parallel
lines in the direction from above and the left to below and the
right : through the middle line draw similar oblique lines, but
in the opposite direction ; then the three horizontal lines no
longer appear to be parallel ; they are actually so, but some ap-
pear to converge and others to diverge.

1 n (MYOMA

Line a

that

aniectom

I. l-'rac-
I with little or no

j. Mai

i little line]. In bi-

[n bi-

e by
of the body,
-. kinesither-

:

■
..i , Lingu ]. The

L. geographica,

L., Posterior, the epi-

L. propendula, at synonym of

I.

|. Shaped like the
L. Artery.
L. Bone. See //. L.

L. Nerve.

of.
1 , dim. of lingua, a
L.laminosa. See Lingula.
I . tongue ; forma,

■ ■• of tin u :. a tongue], A

live of
ntra) lobule of the cerebellum.
■ laminosa. Also, a
of the
also called the ligula and the
o, the line of demarca-
te I and
nd th< elian surface. L.

tie of b
i of the lower
in in
L. of Wrisberg, the conn&
I the trit

■

I

it tit.

ir: //.,
|uid oinb

medi-
oily mixtui

L. exsiccans.
hn Long's,

etic

acid, and yolk of egg. L., Stokes', a stimulating lini-
nt containing oil of turpentine ioo, acetic arid 15,
3o, linseed oil 4, and the yolk of one egg.
L., Swediaur's, a salve for application to carcinoma-
tous ulcers, containing arsenious a< id and olive oil.

Limn ' nin) \Jinum, flax]. 1. A strongly purgative
principle obtainable from /.intuit catharticum ,or purg-
ing flax. Unof. 2. [n biology, minute threads extend-
ing between the individual microsomata (ids) in a
: nucleus. (O. nod Rath.) ["he achromatin of the
nuclear network ; parachromatin, less correctly called
nucleo-hyaloplasm.

Linitis (/i-ni'-tis) [Tuvov, web; /r/r, inflammation]. An
inflammation of the network of filamentous areolar
tissue surrounding the vessels of the stomach. L.,
Plastic,.! term for fibrinous infiltration of the pylorus.
L., Suppurative, suppurative or phlegmonous gas-
tritis

Link [lingk) [ME., lenke, a link]. A loop of a chain.

Linoleic Acid {lin-o-L'-ik). See Acid.

Linolein [lin-o'-I, in) [linum, tlax ; oleum, oil]. The
neutral fat contained in linseed oil, to which the
drying property of the oil is due. It is, chemically, a
linoleate of glycerin.

Linseed {lin'-sSd). See Linum. L. Oil, Oleum lint, is
expressed from the seeds of the Linum usitatissimitm ,
or flax-plant. By cold pressure is obtained a pale,
tasteles- oil. which is used in Russia and Poland
in cooking, as a substitute for lard or butter. By warm
pressure an amber-colored or dark-yellow oil is ob-
tained. Linseed oil is, when fresh, somewhat viscid,
but as a drying-oil it gradually absorbs oxygen, and
becomes thick and eventually dry and hard. It is used
in the preparation of paints, varnishes, printers' ink,
and oil-cloth. L. Poultice, a poultice made of linseed
meal.

Lint [linum, flax]. A loosely woven or partly felted
mass of broken linen-fibers, made by scraping and
"picking" old linen cloth. It is used as a dressing
for wounds and raw surfaces. See Charpie. L., Com-
mon, lint that is twilled on one side and " woolly"
on the other. In the spreading of an ointment the
twilled side is used.

Linteum {lin' -te-uni) [L.]. Lint. L., Patent,
English charpie ; lint that is scraped on both sides,
a soft finish being thus given to the two surfaces.
L., Picked, charpie.

Linum (li'-iutm) [L. : gen., Lini\ Flaxseed. Lin-
seed. The seeds of L. usitatissimum, the common
flax-plant, containing 30-40 per cent, of fixed (linseed)
oil in the embryo of the seed, and 15 per cent, of
mucilage in the epithelium. It is a demulcent, emol-
lient, and expectorant, useful in all inflammations of
mucous membranes. L., Cataplasma (B. P.), made
from linseed meal. L. catharticum is an active purga-
tive and vermifuge. L., Farina (B. P.), flaxseed meal
used as a poultice. L., Ol., the fixed oil of flaxseed
expressed cold ; a glycerid of linoleic acid. Dose
§ ss— ij. L., Infus., unof., "flaxseed tea," flaxseed
,^iij. licorice root _^j, water 2x, infused four hours.
lii-'- indefinite. L., Semen, linseed or flaxseed.
Carron Oil, linseed oil emulsified in lime-water. The
genus Linum contains several other species.

Liodermia (li-o-der' '-me-ah\ [AcZoc, smooth; depfia,
skin]. A condition of smoothness and glossiness of
the skin. L. essentialis cum melanosi et telangi-
ectasia. Synonym of Xeroderma pigmentosum.

Liomyoma {li-o-mi-o'-maA) [/nor, smooth; fiiiufia,
a muscle-tumor]. A tumor composed of unstriped
muscular tissue ; it> mosl common seat is the uterus,
where, on account of the admixture of fibrous tissue, it
is known as uterine fibroid.

LIOTRICHOUS

(595

LIFURIA

Liotrichous (li-olf-rik-us). See Leiotrichous.

Lip [ME., ///, lip]. Either of the fleshy folds sur-
rounding the orifice, of the mouth; or one >>i the labia
majora. See Labium. L. -protector, a shield for
protecting the lip during a dental operation. L.-
reading, German System of, a method of teaching
deaf-mutes to speak by imitating the movements of the
lips and tongue, while modulation is secured by feel-
ing the vibrations of the teacher's larynx, the pupil
in this way attempting to control the natural harshness
of the laryngeal sounds. L. -salve, a cosmetic oint-
ment for the lips.

Lipa (li'-pah) [L.]. Fat.

Lipacidemia [lip-as -id-e'-me-ah) \7uwog, fat; acidus,
sour ; alfia, blood]. The presence of fatty acids in the
blood, with diminution of its alkalinity.

Lipaciduria [lip-as-id-u' -re-ah) \Xiirog, fat; acidus,
acid; oipov, urine]. The presence of fatty acids in
the urine.

Lipaemia (lip-e'-me-ah). See Lipemia.

Lipanin [lip* '-an-in) [Mirog, fat]. A substitute for cod-
liver-oil, consisting of pure olive-oil and six per cent,
of oleic acid. It speedily emulsifies in weak solutions
of soda, has an agreeable taste, and is readily taken.
The dose is from 2 to 6 tablespoonfuls daily.

Lipara(////-rfr-(///)[/^apoc, fatty]. An emollient plaster.

Liparia (lip-a' '-re-ah) [Xiirapia, fatness]. Fatness;
obesity.

Liparocele (lip' -ar-o-sel) \7nzap6c, fat ; k/'////, a tumor].
A fatty tumor or cyst; a hernia containing fatty tissue.

Liparoid (lip'-ar-oid) ['//-apoc, fatty; euhr, like].
Resembling fat.

Liparomphalos (lip-ar-om' -fal-os) [/U7rapoc, fat; bu<pa-
t\6g, the navel]. A fatty tumor situated at the navel,
or involving the umbilical cord.

Liparoscirrhus (lip-ar-o-skir' '-us) [l.rxapdc, fat; onippoc,
a carcinomatous growth]. A fatty, scirrhous tumor.

Liparotrichia (lip-ar-o-trik' -e-ah) [/.tirapog, fat ; dpij;,
hair]. Abnormal greasiness of the hair.

Liparous (Zip' '-ar-us) ['/.cnapag, fat]. Fat ; obese.

Lipemania (li-pe-ma'-ne-ah). See Lypemania.

Lipemia (lip-e'-me-ah) [/Uttoc, fat; alpa, blood]. The
presence of an emulsion of fine oil-globules in the
blood, a condition sometimes noted in diabetes. L.,
Intra-ocular, a condition characterized by marked
distention of the retinal vessels, and a salmon-colored
fundus. L- retinalis. Same as L., Intra-ocular.

Lipocele (lip'-o-sel). Synonym of Liparocele, a. v.

Lipochrin (lip'-o-krin) [Xiirog, fat; uxpoc, sallow]. A
yellow pigment obtained from the fat-globules in the
retinal epithelium. It is soluble in chloroform, ether,
and benzol. It is probably closely allied to the yel-
low coloring-matter of many other animal fats. It is
slowly bleached by sunlight.

Lipochrome (lip'-o-krom) [Xinog, fat ; xpij^a, color].
Any one of the very numerous fatty pigments of the
animal economy, such as the chromophanes and
lutein. They are fatty pigments characterized by
exhibiting absorption-bands, which, though varying
somewhat in position according to the solvent em-
ployed, are usually situated toward the violet end of
the spectrum. Under this class of pigments are in-
cluded the luteins. These fatty pigment- are found
in the blood and viscera of many invertebrates.

Lipodermatous (lip-o-der* -mat-us) [Xeiireiv, to leave;
Aepfja, skin]. Affected with lipodermia.

Lipodermia (li-po-der'-me-ah). See Leipodermia.

Lipofibroma \lip-o-ft.-bro'-mah) [Mirog, fat; fibroma, a
fibrous tumor]. A lipoma witli fibrous elements.

Lipogastrosis (lip-o-gas-tro1 '-sis) [Xeiireiv, to leave ; to
be lacking; yaorfip, stomach]. In biology, absence
of a proper enteric cavity, or stomach.

Lipogenesis (lip-o-jen' , . is) [//-or, fat ; yivtavg, birth].
The formation or deposit of fat.

Lipogenous (lip-oj' -en-us) [XiirSg, fat; yewav, to
beget]. Fat-producing.

Lipoid (lip'-oid) [^iiroc, fat; eldoc, like] . Resembling
fat or oil.

Lipoma [lip-of -mah) \7uirog, fat; bfia, a tumor://.,
Lipomata\ A fatty tumor. L. arborescens tuber-
culosum, tuberculous disease of a joint, in which
the whole inner surface of the synovial membrane is
covered with sessile or pedunculated papillomatous
growths, small and rather uniform in size. If these
become detached they constitute the so-called rice-
bodies. L. colloides, myxolipoma. L., Cystic,
one containing cysts. L., Fibrous. See IJpnfibroma.
L., Myxo-, a lipoma containing myxomatous tissue.
L., Pendulous, Lipoma pendulum. L. pendulum,
a lipoma having a pedicle. L., Telangiectatic, one
containing many dilated blood-vessels.

Lipomatoid (lip-o/-mat-oid). See Lipomatous.

Lipomatosis (lip-o-mat-o'-sis) [/JTru/ia, a fatty tumor].
A general deposition of fat ; obesity.

Lipomatous (lip-c/ -mat-us) ['/i—uua, a fatty tumor].
Of the nature of a lipoma ; fatty.

Lipomeria (lip-o-me' '-re-ah) [Xeiireiv, to leave; fiepog,
a part]. A monstrosity having one limb absent.

Lipomyxoma (lip-o-77iiks-o'-»iah \ [//-<»/, fat; (ivi-Ofta,
a myxomatous tumor : //. , Lipomyxomata~\. A myx-
oma with fatty elements.

Liposarcous (lip-o-sar' -kus) [Xeineiv, to leave ; cap!; ,
flesh]. Lean; emaciated.

Liposis (lip-o'-sis). See I^ipomatosis.

Lipospongosis (lip-o-spun-go' -sis) \7attoc, fatty; c- .
}of, sponge]. The formation of a fatty or sponge-
like outgrowth.

Lipostomatous [lip-o-sto' -mat-u>) [/Xeineiv, to leave;
arofia, mouth]. Absence of a mouth.

Lipostomosis (lip-o-sto-mo'-sis) [/Xeineiv, to leave; to
be lacking; aro/ia, mouth]. In biology, absence of the
oral aperture.

Lipostomy (lip-os' '-to-me) [feiireiv, to leave ; ardfia,
mouth]. Atrophy of the mouth.

Lipothymia (lip-o-thi' '-me-ah). See Leipothymia.

Lipotype (lip'-o-tip) [Xeiireiv, to leave, to be lacking;
ri -oc, impression, type]. In biology, a type of or-
ganism, the absence of which is characteristic of a
particular district or region ; thus the Boiidu: and / Iver-
rida are lipotypes of the neotropic region.

Lipoxenous (lip-oks'-e/i-us) [/Xeiireiy, to leave; ;tior,
host]. In biology, applied to a parasite that leaves
its host and completes its existence independently.

Lippa (lip'-ah). Lippitudo, </. v.

Lippia (lip'-e-ah) [after Augustus L.ippi, a French phy-
sician]. A genus of verbenaceous plants. The
leaves of L. mexicana, growing in Mexico and the
U. S., are demulcent and expectorant, and do not
nauseate. Dose of the tincture ,^ss-j. L. dulcis
and L. graveolens have similar uses. Unof.

Lippich's Polarimeter. A polarimeter for the quanti-
tative determination of sugar in the urine.

Lippiol (lip'-e-ol) [lippia; oleum, oil]. A medicinal
camphor derivable from Lippia mexicana. Unof.

Lippitude (lip' '-e-titd '), Lippitudo (lip-e-tu'-do) {lip-
pus, blear-eyed; a watery condition of the eyes]. A
condition marked by a moist and raw margin of the
eyelids, with a discharge of purulent matter. L. angu-
laris, a chronic inflammation of the lids at the external
canthus. L. neonatorum, ophthalmia neonatorum.

Lipsis (lip' -sis) \_'/en!na leaving]. Cessation ; ending.
L. animi, fainting.

Lipuria (lip-uf -re-ah) [_'/i~or, fat; ovpov, urine]. The
presence of fat in the urine.

ERIAN Mil II- IDS

H...

:

it iid].

■

• various

] I li.it
in .1

•'■in ;

i s the

I- '

L.

L. Glue L.,

inn sulphid < >r

ram of

tlphid, and add-

i -r. L.

L., May-

L. of Regnauld.

I.

I.

■

liquid ;

■

Moll Of

ricntalc
-aciflua. rth \ m- •

timulant
and
lied
■

■ 11 I Int.

' Mil].
I

Mill

'.us hallcri.
L arnni

L., Spirit-
stypticus,

L., Wild.

that <>t" the fetus. It a number of useful

i,| in labor protects the fetus and cord
ilates the os and lubricates the
il. L. Cotunnii, the perilymph secreted
bj th s membrane of the interna] ear.

1. cntericus, i tinal juice. L. folliculi, the

fluid filling the follicle or s] bout the developing

mi in the ovary. L. gastricus, the gastric juice.
I.abarraque's, 1 i . chloratae. L.

lymphoe, th>- fluid portion of lymph, analogous to
liqui ii sanguinis. L., Malt, a name given to beer, ale,
Malt liquors are made by f< rmenting an in-
on of in. dt (barley) in the presence of hops and
-. L. Morgagni, the small quantity of
fluid found between the crystalline lens and it- capsule.
L. pancreaticus, pancreatii juice. L. sanguinis, the
blood-plasma; the fluid portion of the blood. L.
scarpae. See Endolymph. L. sedans. See / tour-
num. L. seminis, a colorless, transparent, and albu-
minous liquid, which, along with the spermatozoa and

rami ci institutes the semen.
uous. a distilled alcoholic liquor. L.
liquor ferri chloridi.
Liquorice [lik'-or-is). S yrrhiza.

Lirate (li'-rat) {lira, ]. Ridged or furrowed.

Lirella {li-rel'-ah\\lira, a furrow]. In biology, the

uliarly furrowed apothecium of certain lichens.
Liriodendrin [lir-i-o-den* '-drin) [XeipioVf lily ;

tree]. An alitaloidal precipitate from the bark of
ndron tulipifera. It is stimulant, tonic, and
diuretic, and is said to have toxic qualities. Unof.
Liriodendron [lir-e-o-den/-dron\ [faipiov, lily ; divdpov,
tree]. A genus of magnoliaceous trees. L. tulipi-
fera, of N. America and Asia, is the tulip-tree, mis-
called poplar. Its bark is stimulant, tonic, and
antipyretic. Dose of the saturated tincture one
fluidram. Unof.
Lisfranc's Operations. See Operations, Tabic of. L.'s
Tubercle, a rough spot on the anterior surface of the
lir-t rib near th superior border. It serves for the
attachment of the scalenus anticus muscle.
Lisle's Fever-powder. A powder similar to James's

1' ivder, //. r'.
Lisp [ME., lispen, to lisp]. To imperfectly pronounce

the sibilant letters.
Lisping {lisp'-ing) [ME., lispen, to lisp]. A defect
ol speech, natural or acquired, in which sibilant
ters an- sounded like lintjuals, especially s as tli.
It sometimes arises from too great length of the
tonL
Lissauer's Angles. Sec Angles. L., Columns of.
'umn. L.'s Tract, a group of fine nerve fibers
in the spinal cord lying ventrad and dorsad of the
entrance of the dorsal mots. These fibers, which
proceed from dorsal roots at a lower level, are
supposed to be in relation with the posterior vesicular
column.
Lissotrichous {lis-ol'-rik-us) \7uaa6q, smooth; Opit;,
hair]. In biology, having straight, smooth hair; less
'-. written leiotrichous and liotrichoits.
Listen [lis'-n) [ME., listnen, to listen]. To give
1 to ; to givi
ter's Method. See Listerian Methods, and also,
'!<}/ ( 'ultivation.
Listerian Methods of Dressing Wounds. ( larbolic
arid was the first antiseptic, bul from its volatility and
tion as a germicide, it was replaced by
But this proved irritating and
■ I by the albumin of the blood serum.
^v' ! be called the Third Method was the

sing called Sero-sublimate Gauze,

LIS! I RINE

r,97

LITHODIALYSIS

consisting of a gauze charged with a solution of cor-
rosive sublimate in the serum of borses' blood. This
was found difficult to manufacture and was harsh and
non absorbent. The Fourth Method consisted in a
combination ofchlorid oi ammonium and bichlorid of
mercury, called Sal-alembroth. This was likev

liable because of it- ready solubility in the
blood-serum. Fifth Method, a gauze containing
three or four per cent, by weight of the biniodid of
mercury. This proved irritating to the skin. A Sixth
Method consists in the employment o im-

pregnated with a solution of a double cyanid of
zinc and mercur I with rosanilin. This is said

to be non-volatile, unirritating, insoluble in water,
ami onlj soluble in 300 >.i blood-serum. It

possesses but little germicidal power, while but I : 1200
keeps animal Quids free from putrefaction. Seventh
Method; lately Lister has returned to the use of
carbolic acid, preferring it to corrosive sublimate: (1)
because it is a more powerful antiseptic; (2) because
it has greater penetrating power. He combines it
with the use of the double cyanid gauze, preparing
the latter with a I to 20 solution of carbolic arid.

Listerine [lis'-ter-in) [after Lister, an English physi-
cian]. A proprietary preparation said to contain
thyme, eucalyptus, baptisia, gaultheria, and mentha
arvensis, with two grains of benzo-boric acid in each
dram.

Listerism {lis' '-ter-iztri) [after Lister, an English phy-
sician]. A general name for the antiseptic and
aseptic treatment of wounds according to the principles
first enunciated by Lister. See Listerian Methods.

Listing's Law. See Law. L.'s Reduced Eye, in
optics, a schematic simplified eye in which there is
a mean nodal or principal point lying between the
two nodal or principal {joints, the distance between
these two points being so small (only 0.4 mm.) that
the}- may practically be assumed to be one. By this
arrangement there is gained but one refractive surface
for all the media of the eye. See Eye.

Liter [le'-ter) \litra, a pound]. The unit of capacity
in the metric system, equal to 0.88036 of an imperial
quart, or 1. 056 United States quarts ; it is the volume
of one kilogram of water at its maximum density.

Lithagogectasia {lith-ag-o-jek-ta/-ze-ah) [Xidog, stone ;
ayu) or, leading ; luTaoig, a stretching out]. Lithec-
tasy.

Lithagogue [lithf -ag-og) [?ifloc, stone ; ayoydg, lead-
ing]. Any agent or remedy, not mechanical, which
tends to expel calculi from the bladder.

Litharge (lith'-arj ). See Lead and Pigments. Con-
spectus of.

Lithate (lith'-at) [/iftor, stone]. Any salt of lithic
(uric) acid ; a urate.

Lithectasy (lith-ekr -tas-e) [MBog, stone; sktcioic, a
stretching outl. Dilatation of the urethra and neck
of the bladder for the removal of calculi.

Lithectomy Uith-ek/-to-me') [Xi8og, stone; huTOfii], a
cutting out]. Same as Lithotomy.

Lithemia (lith-ef -me-ah) [><"<»/, stone ; ai/ua, blood].
Modified gout. A condition in which, owing to de-
fective metabolism of the nitrogenous elements, the
blood becomes charged with deleterious substances,
principally, perhaps, of the uric acid group, although
their exact chemic nature is not determined.

Lithemic {lith-e> '-mik) \Mdog, stone ; alfia, blood].
Pertaining to or suffering from lithemia.

Lithenate {lith> '-en-af). See Lithate.

Lithia [lith'-e-ah) \7u8og, a stone], Li20. Oxid of
lithium, an alkaline caustic. L. Water, mineral
water containing lithium salts in solution. In the
United States, are the Buffalo Lithia Water, water

from Buffalo Lithia Spring-, Mecklenburg County,
\a.; Farmville Lithia Water, from Farmville, Ya.;
Londonderry Lithia Water, from Londonderry N. II.
The proportion ol bicarbonate of lithia 1 . in

the three waters mentioned i- as follows: London-
derry, 8.620, Buffalo, 1.484-2.25, Farmville, 1

Lithiasic Acid [lith-e-as' -ik). Uric acid, a. v.

Lithiasis [lith-i'-as-is) [.' me]. The formation

of call ulus, especially of urinary calculus, and of

utj 1 oncretions in I ; also the \ -late

■ •I tie bod) thai favors such calculous formation. L.

conjunctivae, an affection of th 1 haracterized

by calcareous d I I tin n at the

mouths of the Meibomian duct-., commonly seen in
elderly people, especially such as are rheumatic. ' >n
everting the lids the small, yellowish- white concre-
tions, gritty to the touch, may be found.

Lithiate {lith'-e-at). ate.

Lithic (lith'-ik) [Xt0iic6c, stony]. 1. Pertaining to stone,
or calculus. 2. Pertaining to lithium. L. Acid.
/ i<i, ( rie.

Lithium (lith'-e-itm) [TiiOog, stone: gen., Lithii]. 1 i
7; quanti valence I. One of the rarer alkaline metals,
a few of the salts only being used in medicine.
Elements, Table of. Because of it.-> low atomic weight,
it- high saturating power makes its salts more highly
alkaline than those of sodium and potassium. The
carbonate and citrate are used largely in rheumatism
and gout. L. benzoas, l.iC-I I .< >.,. Dose gr. ij— x. See
Benzoic Acid. L. bromidum, LiBr. min. L.

carbonas, Li.,( .'<).,, not deliquescent. Dose gr. ij— xv.
L.-carmin Solution. See Stains, ladle of. L.
citras, Li3C6H507, deliquescent. Dose gr. v-xxx.
L. guaiacus, contains 3 parts of guaiacum and 1
of lithium. Dose gr. v. L. hippuras, u>ed in
gout. Dosegr. v— x. L. oxidum. See Lithia. L.
salicylas, 2LiC.H-03. Il,C). See Salix. Liquor
lithiae effervescens (15. P.), useful in gout. Dose

Lithiuria {lith-e-uf-re-ah\ [Y'tdoc, stone ; ovpov, urine].
Lithuria, q. v.

Lithobexis {lith-o-beks* -is) \7uBog, stone; (3ijz, cough]
Cough with expectoration of calcareous particles.

Lithocenosis (Jith-o-sen-o'-sis) [y.idog, stone ; kevuoic,
evacuation]. The extraction of the fragments of cal-
culi that have been crushed or mechanically divided.

Lithoclast (lith'-o-l-last). See Lithotrite.

Lithoclastic (lith-o-klas'-tik\ ['/iOoc, stone; icXaeiv, to
break]. Relating to the surgical crushing of a calculu-
in the bladder.

Lithoclasty {lith'-o-klas-te). Lithotrity, q. 7:

Lithoclysmia (lith-o-hliz'-me-ah) [Xidog, stone ; k'/ • -
clyster]. An injection of solvent liquids into the blad-
der for the removal of calculi.

Lithocyst [lith' -o-sisi) [/.'tdog, stone ; kIgtic, bladder].
In biology: (a) One of the marginal bodies, in the form
of little bags of crystals, found in the covered-eyed
Medusa; rudimentary or incipient organ- of vision ;
they are the exclusive seat of spontaneity, so far as
so-called "primary movements " are concerned, (b)
One of the " crystal-cells " of plant.-.

Lithocystotomy {lith-o-sis-toP-o-me) \ stone ; kvo-

-ic, bladder; TOfirf, a cut]. Lithotomy, q. v.

Lithocysturia [lifh-o-sis-tu' -re-ah . -tone; <

bladder ; ovpov, urine]. Disease of the bladder
caused by lithuria.

Lithodectasy Uith-o-dek' '-tas-e). Lithectasy. q. v.

Lithodialysis {lith-o-di-aF -is-is) [XIBog, stone ; dial
to dissolve]. 1. The solution of calculi in the
bladder. 2. The surgical operation of breaking or
crushing a vesical calculus, previous to it- removal by
mechanical or other means.

LITHOTOMY

:

L.

the

An

:

in pulver-

\ cal-

.

a ili<- blad-

sitting by

vw.oil]. V
anti-
.1 substi-
tion, without

. trea-
ind treatment of

ilution].
Voltaic, electrolytic litho-

loose].

ilcvili.

: calculi in

i'/d-
• the blad-

■

i within, the
|. An

. mil

■

the

I (tie

lllus.

Lithonlytic, Lithonthryptic [lith-on-lit'-ik, lith-on-

Lithotriptu
Lithontripsy {lith-on-trif/ -se) [Wog, stone ; Tpipeiv, to

rub]. Synonym <>t" Lithotripsy, </. v.
Lithontriptic n-trip'-tik) [Wog, stone; rpipetv,

,,, rub] ithotriptic ami Antilithic.

Lithontriptor [ '•-, stone; rpi^eiv,

to nil']. A lithotrite.
Lithopedion {lith-o-, \ "■•■ . stone ; icatSlov,

chilli]. The calcified or mummified remains of a
dead fetus carried in the uterus, its appendages, or the
ominal cavity, sometimes long beyond the normal
period ol gestation.
Lithophagy (/ith-< f'-aj <)• See Lithotrity.
Lithophan ylith' • Pigtnents, Conspectus of.

Lithophone \lith> stone; (puvr/, sound].

An instrument for detecting by sound the presence of
Jculi in the bladder.
Lithophthisis [lith-off ' -this-is) [Kidog, stone ; 00uk?,
phthisis]. Tuberculosis >>1 the lungs with calcareous
. retions.
Lithoplatomy [lith-o-platf -om-e) ['/JHog, stone ; irfardg,
wide] Removal of a vesical calculus by dilating the
urethra.
Lithopriny Uith-of -rin-e\. See Lithotrity.
Lithoprion {lith-op-re'-on) [Tudog, a stone; rrpiuv, a
-aw 1. An instrument for sawing instead of crushing a
i [< ultis.
Lithoprisy (lith-of/ -riz-e) [Xidog, stone; -piatc, saw-
ing]. The operation of sawing through a stone in
the bladder.
Lithoscope (lith'-o-skop) [/U0oc, stone ; aiamelv, to ex-
amine]. An instrument for the detection and exami-
nation of calculi in the bladder.
Lithotecnon (lith-o-tek' -non) [//Hoc, stone; tikvov,

child]. Same as Lithopedion, </. V.
Lithoterethrum, Lithoteretron {lith-o-ter'-ethrum,
lith-o-ter' -et-ron) [AlOoe, stone ; rkperpov, gimlet].
A lithotrite.
Lithothlibia [lith-o-thlib' -e-ah) \7uQog, stone ; (Oifteiv,
to press]. The operation of crushing a vesical cab
cuius between a sound introduced into the bladder
and a linger in the rectum or vagina.
Lithothryptic ilith-o-thrip' -tik) [tiftog, stone ; dpvTrriKdg,

breaking; 0 , to break]. Same as LithotriHc.

Lithothryptist {lith-o-thrip' '-tist) [/16og, stone; dpbir-

. to break]. One who practises lithotrity.
Lithothryptor \lith-o-thrip' -tor) [Wftic, stone ; dpiiirreiv,

to break]. An instrument used in lithotrity.
Lithothrypty {lith' -o-thrip-te) \Wog, stone; dplirteiv,
to break]. Lithotrity; the operation of crushing a
calculus.
Lithotome (tith'-o-tom) \Wog, stone; to/itj, a cutting].
\ cutting-instrument for use in lithotomy ; acystotome.
L. cache, a lithotome in which the blade is con-
led, but i- readily made to protrude after the
intr- xl u. tion of the instrument.
Lithotomic (lith-o-tom' -ik) \7ddog, stone; ropyf], a
tting]. Relating to lithotomy. L. Posture. See
Postui of.

Lithotomist {lith-otf '-o-misf) ['/iOoc, stone ; ""»//, a cut-
ting]. A surgeon who practises or performs lithotomy.
Lithotomy {lith-otf -o-me) \7ddog, stone; ripveiv, to
cut]. Incision into the bladder to remove a calculus.
L., Bilateral, entrance into the bladder by means ol
urved incision into the perineum just in front of the
turn, the lithotome entering by an incision into the
urethra at this point. L., Central. See /,., Median.
L., High, L., Hypogastric, a suprapubic cystotomy
for the removal of a stone. L., Lateral, the peri-
n is about \]/2 inches in front of the
turn and to the left of the raphe, the cut being

LITIIOTONY

699

LIVE

downward and outward, with the patient on his back
and the thighs elevated. L., Median or Marian, the
perineal incision is made in the median line one-half
inch in front of the anus, by a straight, double-edged
bistoury. L., Medio-bilateral, a modification oi
the bilateral, consisting in a median incision through
the perineum, with division of each lateral lobe of
the prostate. L., Medio-lateral, a modification of
the lateral operation, the perineal incision being made
in the median line, and the prostatic incision laterally.
L., Perineal, a lithotomy through a perineal incision,
L. Position. Sec Postures, Table of L., Pre-rec-
tal, a modification of the bilateral, in which after a
median incision through the perineum, the anterior
wall of the rectum is dissected from the bulb of the
urethra, and the membranous urethra is punctured ju>t
anterior to the prostate, the latter being divided by
the lithotome. L., Recto-vesical, extraction of
a vesical stone by an incision through the rectum. L.,
Renal, Nephrolithotomy. L., Supra-pubic, by an
incision above the pubis at a point where the bladder
is not covered by peritoneum. L., Urethral, an inci-
sion through the membraneous portion of the urethra
for removal of a calculus imbedded in the urethra.
L., Vaginal, by incision through the vaginal wall.

Lithotony [lith-otf -o-ne) [Tutiog, stone; reiveiv, to
stretch]. Removal of a vesical calculus through an
artificial fistula, which is gradually dilated.

Lithotresis [lith-o-tre/ -sis) [?.<7foc, stone ; rpf/aiq, a
boring]. The drilling of holes through a calculus, as
a step in its destruction and removal.

Lithotripsy (litk-o-trif'-se) ['/ittoc, stone; rpifieiv, to
rub]. The operation of crushing calculi of the
bladder. See annexed illustration.

The Lithotrite in Position During the Operation
of Lithotrity.

Lithotriptic [lith-o-trip1 -tik) [MBog, stone; Tpl/3eiv, to

rub]. Relating to lithotripsy.
Lithotriptor [lith-o-trip' '-tor) ['/iftor, stone ; Tptfteir, to

rub]. An instrument designed for crushing calculi

in the bladder. L., Urethral, an instrument for

crushing urethral calculi.
Lithotrite [lith'-o -trit) [f/ilhc, stone; tcrere, to rub].

An instrument for crushing or pulverizing a vesical

calculus.
Lithotritic [lith-o-triP-ik) \f/Moc, stone; tere?e, to rub].

Pertaining to lithotrity.
Lithotrity [lith-of '-rit-e) , Lithotriture {lith-o!1 '-rit-ur)

[Xldog, -tone; terere, to rub]. The process of crush-
ing a -tone in the bladder, by the lithotrite, into frag-
mentssmall enough to pass through tin- urethral canal.
L., Electric, lithotrity by means of electrolysi

Lithotrypsis [lith-o-trip' -sis). Same as Lithotrity, </.t.

Lithotrypterion [lith-o-trip-ter' -e-on) [/ii6oc, a stone;
rpi(3ecv, to rub]. A small lithotrite.

Lithotryptor [lith-o-trip' -tor), Lythotrypter [lith-o-
trip'-ter). Same as Lithotrite, q. v.

Lithous [lith'-tts) [//"<», stone]. Having the nature
or ci imposition of stone.

Lithoxyduria [lith-oks-id-u' '-re-ah) [//"„,, stone ; o.-e,
acid; ovpov, urine]. The morbid presence of xanthic
oxid in the urine.

L it h uresis i///// u-re'-sis) \7JBog, stone; ovptprig, making
water]. The voiding of small calculi with the urine.

Lithuria [lith-u' -re-ah) \7uBoc, stone; ovpov, urine].
A condition marked by excess of lithic acid, or its
salts, in the urine.

Lithurorrhea [lith-u-ror-e'-ah). Same as Lithuresis.

Litigation Symptoms. Various vague manifestations
of nervous shock following injury, concerning which
the question of malingering arises, and which may be-
come the subject of medico-legal inquiry.

Litmate {lit' -mat) [Dan., lac, lac; moes, pulp]. A
salt of litmic acid.

Litmic Acid [lit'-mik) [Dan., lac, lac; moes, pulp].
A constituent of litmus.

Litmus [lit'-mus) [Dan., lac, lac; moes, pvlp]. Archil.
A blue pigment obtained from Rocella tinctoria,&
lichen. It is employed in chemic determinations to
detect the presence of acids and alkalies. See Pig-
ments, Conspectus of. L. Paper, Blue, unsized paper
steeped in a solution of litmus ; it turns red on contact
with acid solutions. L. Paper, Red, unsized paper
steeped in litmus tincture colored red with acid ; it
turns blue on contact with alkaline solutions. L.
Solution, L. Tincture, a solution of litmus used
for the determination of reaction as to acidity or
alkalinity.

Litrameter [lit-ram' -et-er) \purpa, pound; fiirpov,
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the spe-
cific gravity of fluids.

Litre [le'-ter). See Liter and Metric System.

Litter [lit'-er) [ME., liter, a litter; lectica,a. couch].
An extemporized stretcher or couch, with handles,
for carrying the sick or wounded. L., Halsted's, a
litter made of two poles, united by two transverse iron
bars, and a piece of canvas stretched between the
poles. It has four legs, each 14 inches in length. L.,
Hand, a litter that is carried by hand. L., Schell's,
a litter similar to Halsted's, but instead of having
stationary legs the handles are hinged, serving as legs.

Little, Disease of. Infantile spasmodic tabes. See
Diseases, Table of.

Littoral [lit'-or-al) \litits, lit oralis, sea-shore]. Be-
longing to or inhabiting the shore.

Littre's Glands. See Gland. L.'s Hernia, divertic-
ular hernia. See Diseases, Table of, and Hernia.
L.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. L.'s
Suture. See Suture.

Litura [lit-u'-rah) \litura, an erasure, blot, blur: //. ,
Litura\. In biology, a blurred marking.

Liturate [lit' -u -rat) [/////rare, to erase]. Marked with
abrasions of the surface. To abrade.

Live (7/r') [ME., liven, to live]. To continue in being.
To have life.

Live [liv) [bv apheresis from alive]. Living; ani-
mate; manifesting life. L. -birth, birth character-
ized by " the manifestation of some certain sign or
signs of life by the child after it is completely born."
L. -blood, the name given to the sensation of fluttering

.

LOUAK

i-

Liver.

lobe. 4. Cau-

7. Vena

t i<>n (it l lie iluctus

duct. 11. Hepatic

[3 In'

it hepatic

;>hragmatic vein. 17. Mouth

11 of blood-cor-

quantity of urea ;

inous

tinal tract. Ana-

the right, the left,

1 r .it ii ~ . and the lobus

up of lobules or

ipillaries,

and biliary

-sue.

Amyloid. t of

L., Bacony. /..,

I- 1 L., Beaver-

whi< h in t'orm resembl
Cirrhotic, a liver the

obstrui tion
L. -blotches, liver
reg.

prej nant

it the menstrual

L., Bronze, a liver

L., Cir-

n, with

I

the hand,
liver.

1 an

I. ..
the
1. . H

an

I.

I.

nail. See Hobnail Liver. L., Gin-drinkers', or Gin,
atrophic cirrhosis of the liver. L., Granulated, or
Granular, a cirrhotic liver, with a granular surface,
i,, the contraction of the interlobular connec-
tive tissue. L., Laennec's Cirrhosis of, atrophic
of the liver. See Di ea ;, Table of. L.-
leaf. See Hepatica. L., Leukemic, ;i liver very
much 1 in size on account oi a diffuse infil-

. with leukemic, or lymphoid, tissue. L.,
Mammillated. See Hobnail Liver. L., Movable.
L., Nutmeg, a condition of the
met with in heart disease, fatty infiltration, and
amyloid di I he surface oi a section has a pecu-

liar, mottled appearance. The center of the lobules is
2 dark, the periphery lighter in color. L.-pad,a bag
or cushion stuffed with medicated materials and worn
the hypogastric region, for its supposed efficacy
in hepatic disease. L. -patches. See L. -blotches.
L., Pulsation of. See L. -pulse. L. -pulse, a sys-
tolic pulsation over the region of the liver in cases of
tricuspid regurgitation. L.-rot, disease in sheep due
to the presence in the bile-ducts of the liver of the
Distoma hepaticum or Liver-fluke. L.-spot, chlo-
asma ; pityriasis versicolor. L. -sugar. Synonym
of Glycogen. L. of Sulphur. See Hepar sulphuris.
L., Syphilitic, this may be a liver the seat of gum-
mata, which on healing leave scars, or of a diffuse in-
flammation that may lead to cirrhosis, with atrophy or,
especially in hereditary syphilis, to enlargement of
the liver. L., Tight-lace, a liver in which the right
lobe is thickened vertically from compression, marked
by the ribs, and atrophic from constant pressure by
tight stays. L., Wandering, a condition occasionally
"seen in women who have given birth to many children,
and in those whose abdominal tissues exhibit unusual
laxity. The liver is displaced from its ordinary situa-
tion, and falls into the lower portion of the abdomen,
where it swings upon its elongated attachments.
L., Waxy. See L., Amyloid. L.-wort. See
Hepatica.

Livid Uiv'-id) \lividus ; livere, to be dark]. Discol-
ored from the effects of congestion or contusion ; black
and blue; pale lead-color.

Lividity [liv-id' -it-e) [lividus, from livere, to be dark].
The state of being livid. L., Cadaveric, or Post-
mortem, the bluish discoloration in the dependent
parts of a corpse, due to the gravitation of the blood.

Livor (li'-vor) \livor ; livere, to be dark]. Lividity.
The discoloration consequent upon severe contusion
and congestion of a part ; post-mortem sugillation
or discoloration of the skin. L. emortualis, change
in the color of the skin of a corpse due to putrefaction.
L. febris, the lividity occurring during a chill.

Lix [liks) [I..: gen., Lids']. Wood-ashes, or the lye
therefrom.

Lixivia [liks-iv* -e-ah) [L.J. Same as Lixivium.

Lixivial {liks-iv'-e-al) [lixivia, lye]. Relating to
lixiviation.

Lixiviation {liks-iv-e-a* -shtiri) [lixivia, lye] . Thepro-
3 of leaching ashes. Also, the process of separat-
ing by solution any alkaline salt from the insoluble im-
purities with win. h it is mixed.

Lixivious (// ! vV?, lye]. Lixivial, q. v.

Lixivium [lik iv' t um) [lixivia, lye]. The filtrate ob-
ned by leaching ashes; practically a solution of an
impure potassium hydrate.

Lizard-tail [liz/-ard-tdl). See Saururus cernuus.

Loathing {loth'-ing) [ME., loth, hateful]. Intense
ust, which may excite nausea.

Lobar (In' -bur) \_li>/<ns, a lobe]. Pertaining to a lobe,
han to a lobule. L. Pneumonia. See Pneu-

LOIiATE

701

I I >< AI.IZATION

Lobate, or Lobed (lo'-bdt, lobd) [lobus, lobe]. In bi-
ology, possessing lobes, or of the form of a lobe.

Lobe (Job} [_'/<> teg, lobus, a lobe]. Any one of the
parts or divisions into which an organ maybe separ-
ated by fissures and constrictions ; as the lobes of the
brain, liver, ear, etc. A more or less rounded part or
projection of an organ. Lobes of Brain; each half
of the convex cerebral surface is divided by fissures into
five lobes, the frontal, parii I il, oc< tpital, temporo-sphe-
noidal, and central, or island of Reil, to which some
writers add a frontoparietal lobe. See Brain and
Fissure. Lobes of Liver. See Liver. L., Margi-
nal, the first frontal convolution running along the
margin of the longitudinal fissure. Lobes, Optic,
the tubercula quadrigemina, L., Slender (of the cere-
bellum). The fourth of the five lobes on the under
surface of either hemisphere of the cerebellum.

Lobelacrin (lo-bel-ar -krin) [fromM.de Lobel, a French
botanist]. An acrid principle derivable from Lobelia
inflata. Unof.

Lobelet (lob' -let). Same as Lobulet.

Lobelia (lo-be'-le-tili) [from M . de Lobel, a French
botanist]. The leaves and tops of L. inflata, an ex-
pectorant, antispasmodic, and emetic ; in larger doses
a motor depressant and narcotic. It is valuable in
asthma and dry cough, and is the main ingredient of
empiric cures for pulmonary tuberculosis. It makes an
excellent enema in strangulated hernia. L., Acetum,
10 per cent, of the drug. Dose rrLv-sjj. L., Fid.
Ext. Dose TnJ-x. L., Infus., unof, t)] to Oj.
Dose 3J-5J- L., Tinct., 20 per cent, of the drug.
Dose n\v-xxx. L., Tinct., .ffitherealis (B. P.)
Dose m^x-xxx. The genus Lobelia contains many
species, most of them having little-understood medi-
cinal qualities.

Lobelin (lo-be'-lin) [from M. de Lobel, a French bota-
nist]. I. A precipitate from the tincture of Lobelia
inflata ; an emetic, nervine, anti-spasmodic, resolvent
and relaxant. Dose, as an emetic I to 3 grains in warm
water, repeated, if necessary, in ten minutes, until an
effect is produced. As a diaphoretic and expectorant
from % to )A grain. Unof. 2. An oily liquid alka-
loid, from the plant Lobelia inflata ; actively poisonous.
Unof.

Lobopneumonia (lo-bo-nu-mo'-ne-aK). See Pneumo-
nia, Croupous.

Lobstein's Cancer. Retroperitoneal sarcoma. It often
attains a considerable size. See Diseases, Table of.

Lobular (lob'-u-lar) globulus, a little lobe]. Like a
lobule. Pertaining to any lobule. L. Pneumonia.
See Pneumonia , Catarrhal .

Lobulate, Lobulated (lobf-u-l6t,lobf-u-Za-ted) \lobu-
latus, from lobulus, a little lobe]. Consisting of small
lobes or lobules.

Lobulation (lob-u-la' '-shun) globulus, small lobe]. Divi-
sion into lobules. L., Congenital, preservation in
adult life of the fetal lobulation of an organ.

Lobule (lob' -ill) \_lobus, a lobe]. See Lobulus. L.,
Oval, the paracentral lobule. L., Paracentral, the
superior connecting convolution of the ascending
frontal and ascending parietal gyri. L., Pneumo-
gastric, the flocculus of the cerebellum.

Lobulet (lob'-u-le!) [dim. of lobulus, a lobule]. A
minor lobule, especially of the lung ; a group, or series
of groups, of five or six air-sacs connected with the
dilated end of a bronchiole.

Lobulization (lob-u-liz-a'-shun). See Lobulation.

Lobulus (lob'-u-li/s) [dim. of lobus, a lobe : pi. , Lobult],
A small lobe or division of an organ. L. caudatus,
the tailed lobe, or elevation of the liver that separates
the right extremity of the transverse fissure from the
commencement of the fissure for the inferor vena cava.

L. centralis, the superior vermiform process; the
island of Reil. L. corporis striati, the island of
Reil ; the lenticular nucleus. L. of Ear, the soft
mass at the lower part of the pinna of the car. L.
fissurae sylvii.the island of Reil. L. hepatis an-
onymus. Sec Liver, Quadrate Lobe of L. para-
central, the mesial aspect of the upper portion of

the as in . parietal convolutions, in front of the

up curved end of the colloso- marginal fissure. L.
quadratus, the square lobe upon the inferior -in
face of the right lobe of the liver. L. spigelii, the
lobule projecting from the posterior portion of the
inferior surface of the liver. L. tuberis, the nodule
of the cerebellum ; the supra-marginal gyrus. L.
vagi, the flocculus of the cerebellum.

Lobus (lo'-bus) [I.., a lobe]. A lobe. Any well-de-
fined, rounded part of an organ. L. caudatus. See
Lobulus. L. opertus, the insula of the brain. L.
quadratus. See Lobulus.

Local (lof-kl) \localis ; loeus, place]. Not general.
Affecting a part or place.

Localization (Jo kal-iz-a* '-shun) \_loeus, a place]. The
designation of the seat of any pain, irritation, injury, or

Diagram of the Motor Areas on the Outer Surface of
a Monkey's Brain. {Horsley and Schafer.)

Diagram of the Motor Areas on the Marginal Convo-
lution of a Monkey's Brain. (Horsley and SchSfer.)

disease, or the process by which a general condition
manifests itself in a particular place. The faculty
of locating sensory impressions. L., Cerebral,
the determination of the anatomic position of the cen-
ters in the brain that preside over certain physiologic
acts ; or of the seat of pathologic conditions interfer-
ing with the proper function of these centers. See
illustrations annexed. L., Spinal-cord ; Cowers'
table, showing the approximate relations to the spinal
nerves of the various functions of the cord, is given
herewith.

L0CHI0CEL1ITIS

IC

muse.

I

i

/

ulder

hi m

Hand

•west).

Intercostal

muscles.

]

•I L

Abdominal
muscles.

\ors, hip.

Kxtensors, knee
iductors

Abductors

2

hip.

Extensors (?) .

icors, km ■■

Muscles of leg mov-
ing foot.

neal and anal
muscles.

SENSORY.

1 Neck and scalp.

NV. k and shoulder.

Shoulder.

Arm.
Hand

Front of thorax
> Ensiform area.

Abdomen
(Umbilicus, ioth).

1 Buttocks,
J upper part.

Groin and scrotum
(front).

outer side.
Thigh . front.

inner side.

Leg, inner side.
r Buttocks, lower
part.

| Back of thigh.

anof I except in"
[foot] "erP;m-

Perineum and anus.

! Skin

from coccyx to
anus.

REFLEX.

Scapular.

Epigastric.

- Abdominal.

- Cremasteric.
\ Knee-joint.

Gluteal.

Foot-clonus.
Plantar.

m- Spinal Nerves of the Various Motor, Sensory
/(". R. Cowers, from anatomic and pathologic data.)

Lo< d to

Lo

;

Lo

serosa, the serous discharge taking place about the
fifth day.
Lochia (lo'-ke-ak) [toxeia, childbirth]. Childbirth;

ement. ( Rare.)
Lochial ') [>o x>". >'M'".:. lying-in]. Pertain-

ing to the lochia.
Lochiation [lo-ke-a' -shun) ['/oyin, '/o\or, lying-in].

Aveling's term fur the excretion of the lochia.
Lochioceliitis [lo-ke-o-st le-if-tis) [><<|""'. puerperal;
L. men ; trig, inflammation]. Puerperal ab

L. minal inflammation.

LOCHIO* l >LICA

703

LODICULA

Lochiocolica [lo-ke-o-kol'-ik-ah) [/n\nn, puerperal;
KuXacdg, pertaining to the colonT Pain in the ab-
dominal region dependent upon, or associated with,
some lochia! irregularity.

Lochiodochium [lo-ke-o-dof-ke-uni\. See Lochodochium.

Lochiometra i me/-trah) [AO%ia, lochia; ui

uterus]. A collection of lochia in the uterus.

Lochiopyra Uo- ke-op' -ir- ah) [au^ioc, relating to child-
bed; rrvp, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. Same as Z<?-
chopyra.

Lochiorrhagia [lo-ke-or-af-j\ ['/n\Kt, lochia;

i",;ri i in, to burst forth]. An excessive flow of the
lochia.

Lochiorrhea {lo-ke-or-e' '-ah) ['/ii\m, lochia ; poia, a
flow]. An abnormal How of the lochia.

Lochiorrhoic {lo-ke or-o/-ik)\7i6xvai lochia; poia, How].
Pertaining to lochiorrhea.

Lochioschesis [lo-ke-os' -kes-is) ['/n\ia, lochia; ax^aie,
retention]. Suppression or retention of the lochia.

Lochioschetic [lo-ke-os-ket'-ik) \7iAxta, lochia; cxiac,
retention]. Pertaining to lochioschesis.

Lochocacocolpia (lo- ko- kak-o- kol'-pe-ali) [auxoc,
childbed; ncucSg, evil; m>'/-oc, vagina]. Vaginal or
vulval gangrene after childbirth.

Lochoceliitis (lo-ko-se-le-i'-tis). See Lochioceliitis.

Lochodochium (lo-ko-do'-ke-um) [?.6xoc, childbirth ;
(J^eoftw, to receive]. A lying-in hospital; a mater-
nity.

Lochomeleagra (lo-ko-mel-e-a'-grah) ['/6x<>c, child-
birth ; fuAor, limb; aypa, seizure]. An attack of pain
in the limbs of parturient women.

Lochometritis {lo-ko-me-tri'-tis) [X6xo$, childbirth ;
p'irpa, womb; irtq, inflammation]. Inflammation of
the womb consequent upon delivery ; puerperal metri-
tis.

Lochometrophlebitis (lo-ko-me-tro-fle-bi' -Hs) [/lo^or,
childbirth; pi/rpa, womb; (pAtip, vein; mc, inflamma-
tion]. Phlebitis of the uterine veins in puerperal
women.

Locho-oophoritis (lo-ko-o-off-or-i'-tis) [Aoxoq, child-
bed; L)6v, egg; <j>opor, bearing; trie, inflammation].
Puerperal inflammation of an ovary.

Lochoperitonitis {lo-ko-per-it-on-i'-Hs) [/o,Y°C. child-
bed; irepir6vai.ov, peritoneum; inq, inflammation].
Inflammation of the peritoneum following childbirth.

Lochopyra (lo-kop'-ir-ah) [^o^oc, childbed ; nip, fire,
fever]. Puerperal fever.

Lochos (lo'-kos) [Xdxog, childbirth]. A pregnant
woman; childbed. (Obs.)

Lochotyphus (lo-ko-W -fus) [/oxoc, childbed ; rxxpoq,
stupor] . Puerperal fever of a typhoid type.

Lock (lok) [ME., lok, lock]. I. Anything that fas-
tens something else. 2. To fasten by means of a
lock ; to fasten so as to impede motion. L. -finger,
a peculiar and very uncommon affection of the fingers
in which they suddenly become fixed in a flexed
position. The locking is due to the presence of a
small fibrous growth in the sheath of the extensor ten-
don. L. -hospital, an English hospital for the treat-
ment of venereal diseases; it was originally kept with
locked doors, whence the name. L.-jaw, tetanus ;
trismus. L. -spasm, Weir Mitchell's term for a severe
form of writer's cramp, the hand becoming spasmodic-
ally firmly contracted, the spasm being followed by
complete relaxation.

Locked [lokt ) [ME., lok, a lock]. Fastened by means
of a lock ; immovable. L. Heads. See Head-lock-
ing. L.Jaw. See Trismus. L. Joint, Pajet's term
for a condition similar to that described as lock-tinger,
but usually involving a knee-joint.

Loco or L. Plant or L. Weed (lo'-ko) [Sp. for
" crazy"]. A name given in parts of the U. S. to

various species of Astragalu . Hosackia, Oxytropis, and
Sophora, poisonous plants that are believed to cause
loco disease in cattle and horses. L. -disease, a
local epizodtii disease of cattle and horses, believed

to be liable- to follow the eating of any one of the
plants called loco.

Locoed [lo'-kod) [Sp. , loco, crazy]. Suffering from
Lot o tit <* ase, </. v.

Locomobile [lo-ko-truZ-bil) [locus, place; mobilis,
movable]. Having the power to change place, or to
no n e in mi a place.

Locomobility {lo-ko-mo-bil'-it-e) [locus, place ; mobilis,
movable]. The quality of being locomobile.

Locomotility (lo-ktf- mo-til' ' -il-e) [locus, place ; motilitas,
motility]. The quality or power of moving from
place to place.

Locomotion (lo-ko-ino'-shuii) [locus, place; m

move]. Animal movement. L. of an Artery, the
straightening out of a curved artery under the impulse
of the pulse- wave.

Locomotive (lo-ko-mo'-tiv) [locus, a place ; movere, to
move]. Moving from place to place ; able to change
its place ; pertaining to locomotion. L. Pulse.
Corrigan's Pulse.

Locomotivity (Jo-ko-mo-tiv'-it-e) [locus, place ; mo-
vere, to move]. The power to move from one place
to another.

Locomotor (lo-ko-mo'-tor) [locus, a place ; motor, a
mover]. I. Pertaining to locomotion. 2. That which
moves from place to place. L. Ataxia, or L. Ataxy.
See Ataxy and Tabes.

Locomotorium (lo-ko-mo-to' '-re-um) [locus, a place ;
motor, mover: //., Locomotoria~\. In biology, the
motive apparatus of an organism ; the bones, muscles,
and tendons.

Locomotory (lo-ko-mo'-tor-e) [locus, place ; movere, to
move]. Pertaining to locomotion.

Loculament (lok' -u-lam-ent) [loculamentum, a case,
box, cell]. Same as Loculus.

Loculamentum {lok-u-lam-en' '-turn) . Same as Locu-
lus.

Locular, Loculate (lok' ' -u-lar, lok'-u-ldt) [loculus, a
cell]. In biology, possessing one or more cell-like
subdivisions ; divided into or having loculi.

Locule (lokf-ul). See Loculus.

Loculicidal (lok-u-lis-i'-dal) [loculus, a cell ; cicdere,
to cut]. In biology, applied to seed-capsules that
split open along the dorsal suture.

Loculus (lok'-u-lus) [dim. of locus, a place: //. ,
Loculi~\. In biology, a small space or cavity ; a
small compartment or cell, as the seed-chamber of
a fruit.

Locus (lo'-kus) [L. : //., Loci\ An indefinite term
in anatomy, meaning a place or position. L. cine-
reus, L. cceruleus, L. ferrugineus, a bluish-tinted
eminence on the fasciculi teretes of the fourth ventricle
of the brain. L. luteus, the regio olfactoria of the
nose; so called from the yellowish color of the epithe-
lium. L. minoris resistentiae, a spot of diminished
resistance — a term given to a locality, varying in dif-
ferent individuals, and often accidentally developed,
whose resistance to the invasion of disease is less than
that of other parts. L. niger, a dark area in the center
of a section of the crus cerebri. See Lntercalatum.
L. perforatus, a name given to the anterior and the
posterior perforated space at the base of the brain
through which many vessels pass. L. praedilectiorus,
the point of election. L. ruber, the red nucleus of
the tegmentum.

Locust-tree. See Hymencea courbaril.
Lodicle (lod'-ik-l ). Same as Lodicule.
Lodicula (lodik'-u-lali). Same as Lodicule.

the

.

ch-
ible nut

.
no Mixture, a mixturi

bouillon

i ir and ., parts of

mi L. s Method,

rganisms.

.imeter. In , the internal as

: finger in
■ the sub-pubic ligament
iatic
-- than the transverse diam-
■ -iii "l" the pelvis.
Lcem.» •"'■

Lcem
Lccmocraph;. plague; yptyeiv,

LirmotJ
Lcemoloi:;.

•.ophthalmia . plague ;

j ious ophthalmia.
Oak-red. - L.'s Reagent or

m "f sugar in the
It if subnitrate of bismuth, glycerin,

L.'s Ring, a

retina which, in

. by a bright area, two

< krk-Maxwell's

i a solution of

.:, purplish spot

venberg. Canal of.

Logadectorr. . whites of the

; piece of the

rhites of the
: thi eyes ;

•■.I

. flow].

iwn the

thin bor-

' the

dowel

-rhea

■
I

LONG

Logographic mf-ik) {Uyoq, word; ippdipav, to

Pertaining to written words. L . Alalia,

that in which the thoughts cannot be expressed in

writi

Logomania {log-o-ma' -ne-ah) [Myog, word; ftavia,
i . Insanity characterized by talkativeness.
Aphasia.

Logomonomania {log o-mo-no-ma' '-ne-ah) \16yog,
w,„,l ; a, mania]. Monomania

marked by loquacity.

Logoneurosis [log-o-nu-ro' 'sis) [>",'". word; vevpov,
nerve ; v6aog, di , uroses], I. Any

neurosis marked bya speech-defect. 2. Any neurosis
attended with impairment of the mental powers.

Logopathy [log op'-ath e)[Myog, word ; rradog, disease].
Any disease affecting the speech; dyslogia.

Logo'plegia 'ef'-je-ak) \Myog, word; tv'/j/-./,,

stroke]. An aphasic symptom, consisting in the im-
isibility of uttering a word, though the memory of
it- sound is clear..

Logoplegic {log-o-plef-jik) \Myog, word; n? //;/,,
stroke] . Relating to, or characterized by, logoplegia.

Logorrhea 1 '-ah) [Myog, word; poia, a flow].

1. Abnormal rapidity of speech ; a symptom of cerebral
irritation. 2. Same as Logodiarrhea.

Logwood {log' -wood'). See Hematoxylon. L. -black.
Pigments, Co in pat us of.

Lohoch (lo'-hok). Same as Loch.

Loimia {loi'-me-ah) ['/.ot/iuc, plague]. A pestilence or
rue.

Loimic {loi'-mik) \h)i[UK6g ; >.o///oc, plague]. Pertain-
ing to the plague or to any pestilence.

Loimology {loi-mol' -o-je) ['/.oiuag, plague; 2.6yog, a
treatise]. The science of contagious epidemic dis-
eases.

Loimopyra {loi-mop/ -ir-ah) [?ioi/i6g, plague ; 7ri>p, fire].
Pestilential fever.

Loin {loin) [ME., loine, loin]. Either of the lumbi,
or lower part of the back in the region of the hips.

Loliin [lo'-lc-in) \lolium, darnel]. A volatile, poison-
ous alkaloid contained in the seeds of Lolittm temii-
lentum.

Lolium (lo'-lc-um) [L., darnel]. A genus of grasses,
one of which, L. temulentum, poisonous darnel, is
remarkable as one of the few grasses that appear to
have poisonous qualities. Its seeds in particular
are said to have narcotic qualities. By some writers
this poisonous effect has been denied, and by others
it has been referred to the presence of ergot; late
researches seem to confirm the popular belief. Unof.

Loma (lo'-iiiah) [/(~>ua, hem, fringe: //., Lomata\. In
biology, a flap or fringe along the toe of a bird.

Lomastome {lor -mas-tom) [Xu/ia, hem, fringe ; <rr6fia,
uth]. In biology, applied to such shells as have a
reflected peristome.

Lomatine (lo' -mal-iii) [>m//<;, hem, fringe]. In bio-
logy, margined or fringed.

Lombardian Leprosy. See Pellagra.

Loment {l</-ment ) [lomentum, a mixture of bean-meal
1 rice]. In biology, a legume that when ripe
breaks transversely into joints.

Lomentum {lo-men' -turn). Same as Loment.

Lomilomi [lo1 '-me-lo* -me) [Hawaiian]. A kind of
shampoo or massage, practised by the Polynesians.

London Paste. A caustic paste containing equal parts
of caustic soda and unslaked lime. It must be mixed
with water before using. L. White. Same as
While I

Long [Ml. long, long]. Having gnat length. L.-
sight. Synonym of Presbyopia and Hyperopia. L.-
sightedness. See Hyperopia. L. Thread-worms.

"IS.

LONGEV] I Y

705

I.DMJPHAN

Longevity {lon-jev' '-it-e) [longa, long ; vita, life]. Long
life.

Longi- {lon'-je-) [longus, long]. A prefix signifying
length or extent.

Longicaudate (lon-je-kaw'-dai) [longus, long ; Cauda,
a tail]. In biology, having a long tail.

Longiductor [lon-je-duk' -tor) [longus, long; ductor,
leader]. The adductor longus muscle. See Muscles,
Table of.

Longimanus (lon-je-ma'-nus) [longus, long; manus,
hand]. Long handed.

Longing [lawng,-ing] [ME., longen, to desire
earnestly]. The earnest desire for anything ; it is a
condition often present in the female during pregnancy.

Longipedate [lon-je-pe' -ddt) [longus, long ; pes, foot].
Long-footed.

Longiperoneus {lon-je-per-o-ne' -us) [longus, long ;
TTE/jun/, fibula]. The peroneus longus muscle. See
Muscles, Table of.

Longipes {lon'-je-pls). See Longipedate.

Longisect {lon-je-sekl') [longus, long ; secare, to cut].
To make a longisection, q.v.

Longisection {lon-je-sek'-shun) [longus, long ; sectio,
cutting]. Longitudinal section ; especially used of
the body from extremity to extremity. The division
of a body into sections parallel with its long axis.
See Position and Direction, Table of.

Longissimus {lon-jis'-im-us) [super, of longus, long].
Longest. L. capitis, L. cervicis, the trachelomas-
toid muscles. See Muscles, Table of. L. dorsi. See
Muscles, Table of.

Longitude {Ion' -jit-ud) [longitudo, length]. Angular
distance from any standard meridian perpendicular to
the plane of the axis.

Longitudinal {lon-jit-u'-din-ai ) [longitudinalis, per-
taining to length]. In anatomy, lengthwise, or in a
direction the opposite of transverse. L. Fissure, of
the cerebrum. See Fissures, Table of. L. Sinus,
the triangular subcranial venous channel extending
from the crista galli to the tentorium.

Longus {laicng'-gus) [L., long]. Long. L. colli. See
Muscles, Table of L. capitis, the rectus capitis
anticus major muscle. See Muscles, Table of L.
dorsi. The longissimus dorsi muscle. See Muscles,
Table of. L. lumborum, an inconstant muscle
attached to the bodies of the two upper lumbar ver-
tebra; and the three lower dorsal vertebrae.

Lonsdale's Apparatus. An apparatus for treating frac-
ture of the patella, consisting of movable arms sus-
pended from two upright rods that are attached to a
long posterior splint. To these arms are fastened
padded plates that hold the fragments together.

Looch {lo-ok') [Fr.]. Same as Loch.

Loodianah Disease. See Anthrax.

Loofah {loo'-fah). See Luff a.

Look-at-his-face Disease. Carate ; a form of syph-
ilitic skin-disease in Spain, characterized by blotches
upon the face.

Loong. See Lung.

Loop [ME., lope, a loop]. A folding of a cord, fiber,
tube, or cord-like structure, upon itself. L. of Henle.
See Tubuli uriniferi. L.f Obstetric, the fillet.

Looped (loopf) [ME., lope, loop]. Doubled upon
itself; containing loops. L. Tubes of Henle. See
Tubuli uriniferi.

Loose (Ifis) [ME., loos, loose]. Lax; wanting power
of restraint ; as loose bowels. L. Ligature. See
Ligature.

Looseness {loos' '-nes) [ME., loos, loose]. Popular
name for diarrhea. L. of the Teeth, Odontoseisis :
Odontosismus ; this results from disease of the gums
and the gradual destruction of the alveolar processes.

45

Loosestrife {loos' -strif). See LA'simachia.

Lophadia (lo-fad'-e-ah). See Lophia.

Lophanthus {In- fan' -thus) ['/■■ .flower"1.

A genus of labiate plants, popularly called hyssops, or
hedge-hyssops. L. anisatus, L. nepetoides, and
L. urticaefolius of North America have the general
properties of the mint-family. Unof.

Lophia {lo'-f-ah) ['/Hour, the back of the neck]. The
upper part of the back near the first dorsal vertebra.

Lophin {lo'-fin) [/»>«;, a tuft], ( .'._,, 1 1,.N .,. Triphenyl
glyoxalin ; a substance produced by distilling amarin.
It is not readily soluble in alcohol, crystallizes in long
in idles, and melts at 2750 C.

Lophiodontous {lo-fe-o-don'-tus) ['/ooor, crest; bdavg,
tooth]. Having crested molar teeth.

Lophodont {lo' -fo-dont ) [/000c, a crest ; bdovg, tooth].
In biology, applied to that dentition in which the
1 rowns of the molar teeth possess ridges or crests, as
distinguished from bunodont. See Lophiodontous.

Lophophore (lc'-fo-for) [/o^oc, a crest; tyopog, bear-
ing]. In biology, the frame or stage surrounding the
mouth of a polyzoan and giving support to the ten-
tacles.

Lophosteon (lo-fos'-te-ou) [?6(pog, a crest; bartm .
bone: //. , Lophostea~\. In biology, the median one
of the five bones that make up the sternum of a carin-
ate bird.

Loquacity {lo-ktvas'-il-e) [loquacitas ; loquax, talka-
tive]. Volubility of speech; talkativeness; a con-
dition that is frequently excessive in various forms of
mental disorder.

Lorate [lo'-rat) [lorum, a thong, or lash]. In biology,
shaped like a long strap.

Lordoma {lor-do'-mah ) [Ao/wJoi v, to bend inward]. The
anterior or forward incurvation of the spine.

Lordoscoliosis {lor-do-sko-le-o' -sis) ['/ opdfoatg , 7iOp66eiv,
to bend ; cnui/auaiq, crookedness]. Lordosis with sco-
liosis.

Lordosis {lor-do' -sis) [Mpdaaig, '/opdoeiv, to bend]. A
curvature of the spine with a forward convexity. L.,
Paralytic, lordosis due to paralysis of either the spinal
or the abdominal muscles. L. valgorum, genu
valgum, q. v.

Lordotic {lor-dot'-ik), Lordosic {lor-dos'-ik), Lor-
dous {lor'-dus) ['/opduaig, Aopdoe/v, to bend]. Bent
with the convexity turned ventrad ; applied to the
spinal column.

Lore {for) [lorum, a thong, lash, strap]. In biology,
the space between the eye and the bill or nostrils in
birds and reptiles.

Loreta's Operation. 1. The forcible dilatation of the
pylorus for the relief of stricture after celiogastrotomy.
2. The treatment of aneurysm by the introduction of
metal wire into the sac, through which a current of
electricity is then passed. See Operations, Table of.

Lorica (lor-ri'-£ah)[L. , a corselet, cuirass : pi. , Lorica:\
In biology, a protective sheath or carapace.

Loricate {lor' -ik-at) [lorica, a coat of mail]. In bi-
ology, covered with a protective coat.

Lorication [lor-ik-a* '-skun) [lorica, a leather cuirass].
The protection of a glass vessel against heat by a coat-
ing of sand and clay.

Loriculate (lor-ih'-u-ldt) [loricula, a small breastplate].
Consisting of long divisions.

Lorum {lo'-rum) [L., thong, whip, strap: pi., Lora~\.
Same as Lore.

Lourd, Lourderie {loord, loor'-der-e). See Gid.

Losi-piercing {lo' -se-per' -sing). See Thoka-losi.

Losophan {lo'-so-fan). Tri-iodo-cresol, an agent said
to be strongly parasinoidal, and useful in parasitic
dermatoses, whether due to fungous or animal para-
sites.

I I *

1 I BRICATING

Lostorfcrs Q^r;

uiric

. plumbi

sub-

Mouth.
j

ilph.
3

. to

L. carnis, L.
is liquid - 1 ■ 1 1 1 c

Louis's An. L.'s Angle.

spring].

I them to

It i- due to the

P"

litnal), Tabid

L»ou
Lou
Lo-

. with

stimulant,

Dose

i I ■ !• gard with
L. -potion.

into the
I backed

nlarged root-

bona ; the bark

Lox

of a

II in which the

i the
the

"]• ' wry;

head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in
the angle formed by the intersection of the
Lius fixus and a line connecting the bregma and
the lambda is between 170 and 2S.50.

Loxocyesis {loks-o-si-e'-sis) [ ■■■:••• •, awry; tcvvatg, preg-
nancy]. Oblique displacement of the gravid uterus.

Loxodont [loks' . Loxodontous {lokS-o-don'-

. aslant; bdovg, tooth]. Having teeth
ced at abnormal angles with the jaw.

Loxolophodont dont) [>";ur, slanting;

. crest; tooth]. In biology, a form of

dentition in which oblique crests connect the anterior
internal tubercle of the upper molars with two ex-
ternal tubercles; tlii- is characteristic of a gigantic
I fogulate.

Loxometopus [loks-o-met-(/-pus) [>o^"of, oblique ; fikru-

. the space between the eyes]. Lissauer's term

a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection

ol the radius fixus and a line drawn from the bregma

to the nasal point is between 430 and 470

Loxophthalmos (loks-ojf-thal'-mos). Synonym of
Strabismus, </. v.

Loxopisthius {loks-o-pis* -the-us) \7,6$oc, . oblique ; oma-

, hinder]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which

the angle formed by the intersection of the radius

fixus and a line drawn through the lambda and the

inion is between 950 and 104°.

Loxopisthocranius {loks-o-pis-tho-kra'-ne-ns) [/
oblique v, behind; upav'wv, skull]. Lissauer's

term tor a skull in which the angle formed between
the radius fixus and a line drawn through the lambda
and the opisthion is between 119° and 1300.

Loxoprosopus { loks-o-pros' -o-pus) [Ao!;6g, oblique ; npd-

au-ov, face]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which

angle formed by the intersection of the radius

fixus and a line drawn from the nasion to the alveolar

point is between 78.50 and 89. 50.

Loxoptery gin [loks-o-ter/ -ij-in) ['/.oi;6<;, oblique; 77-repuf,
a wing], (.,11 ,\ ,< >.,. A white amorphous alkaloid ob-
tained from the bark of Loxopterygium lorentzii.

Loxopterygium [loks-o-ter-if '-e-um) \7uo%6q, oblique;
Krepv!;, wing]. A genus of anacardiaceous trees. L.
lorentzii, L. sagotii, red quebracho, the bark of
which is used as a substitute for cinchona. Unof.

Loxorrhinus {loks-or-i' '-nus) {_'/"i»c, oblique; piq, nose].
Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed
between the radius fixus and a line drawn from the na-
sion to the subnasal point is between 77. 50 and 87. 50.

Loxotic {loks-of '-ik). See Loxic.

Loxotmesis {loks-ol-me'-sis). See Loxotomy.

Loxotomy me) [/«5'i<, oblique; ropr/, a cut-

ting]. That form of amputation commonly known as
the " oblique section."

Loy's Disease. Horse-pox. See Diseases, Table of.

Lozenge (loz'-enj) [ME., losange, lozenge]. A medi-
cated tablet with sugar as a basis. See Trochiscus.

Lubido (Ju-bid'-o). See Libido.

Lubricant (/«' '-brik-ant) \lubricare, to make smooth].
Making smooth, oily, or slippery.

Lubricating [lu' -brik-a-ting) \lubricaret to make
smooth]. Making smooth or slippery. L. Oils, oily
products obtained chiefly from petroleum and used for
lubricating purposes. Some crude petroleums are nat-
ural lubricating oils, requiring little or no treatment to
tit them for use. I i e other petroleum lubricating oils
obtained in one of two ways — either by driving off
the light hydrocarbons bom the crude oil, yielding
what i- a "reduced oil," or they are the oils

obtained by distilling the petroleum residuum in tar-
still lightest oi the lubricating oils, varying in
from 320 B. I I; . are frequently called
ils." They are largely used for the purpose of

LUBRICATION

707

LUMBRICOID

mixing with animal or vegetable oils, and it is therefore
necessary that they should be thoroughly deodorized,
decolorized, and deprived "I the blue fluorescence, or
"bloom," characteristic of petroleum distillates that
contain paraffin. Heavier lubricating oils are called
"spindle" oils and "cylinder" oils. The most im-
portant characters to be possessed by these oils are high
fire-test, low cold-test, and a high degree of viscosity.

Lubrication (lu-brik-af -shun) [lubricare, to make
smooth]. The process o! making smooth or slippery
by the application of a lubricant.

Lubricity (lu-bris/ -it-e) [lubricare, to make slipper}].
A synonym of lasciviousness ; slipperiness.

Lubricous (/«' '-brik-us) [lubricus, lubricare, to make
smooth]. Smooth, slippery.

Luca, Horizontal Plane of. See Plane.

Lucent (lu'-sent) [lucere, to shine]. Bright, shining.

Lucernal (lu-ser'-nal) [lucerna, a lamp]. Pertaining
to lamp-light.

Lucet, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table

°f-
Lucid (Ju' -si J} [lucidus, clear]. Clear, shining, unob-

scured. In biology, having a smooth, shining surface.
L. Interval, the transitory return of normal mental
action and sanity in certain forms and cases of in-
sanity.

Lucidity (lu-siJ'-it-e) [lucidus, clear]. Clearness;
lucid interval.

Lucidum (lu'-sid-u»i) [lucidus, clear]. Clear. L.,
Septum. See Sept inn .

Luciferase (lu-sif -er-dz) [lucifer, light-bringing]. The
name applied by Dubois to one of the two diastatic
substances which become phosphorescent when mixed
in the presence of water, and which are found in the
mollusc, Pholas dactylifera, the mouth of which is
luminous.

Luciferin (lu-sif ~f-er-iri) [lux, lucis, light ; ferre, to
bear]. A crystalline body obtained from the light-pro-
ducing organs of certain animals.

Lucifer-match Disease or L. -match Maker's Dis-
ease. Necrosis of the jaw due to phosphorus-poi-
soning.

Luciform (lu'-sif-orm) [lux, light ; forma, form].
Resembling light.

Lucifugal (lu-sif '-u-gal) [lux, light; fngere, to flee].
Fleeing from or avoiding light.

Lucifugous (lu-sif -u-gus) [lux, light ; fugere, to
flee]. In biology, applied to organisms that avoid
light.

Lucilia (lu-siV -e-ah) [L.]. A genus of dipterous in-
sects, the larvae of which act as facultative parasites,
producing various forms of myiasis, (/. v. See Para-
sites (Animal), Table of.

Lucilin (lu'-sil-in) [lux, lucis, light]. A commercial
mixture of lamp-petroleum and brown coal-oil.

Lucina (lu-si'-nah) [lux, light]. The goddess of
childbirth. L. sine coitu. Parthenogenesis, q. v.

Lucomania (lu-ko-ma1 '-ne-ah) [M>xoq, wolf; fiavia,
mania]. Same as Lycanthropy, q.v.

Lucuma (lu-ku'-mah) [nat. Peruvian]. A genus of trop-
ical American sapotaceous trees. L. caimito, of S.
America (called abi and abiaba) is strongly tonic and
antiperiodic, and is useful in diarrhea ; other species
have similar qualities. I nof.

Lucumin (lu-ku'-min) [lucuma"]. A bitter principle
obtained from Lucuma caimito. It is recommended
for use in diarrheas and in intermittent fevers. Dose
gr. j-viij. Unof.

Ludwig's Angina. A cellulitis of the neck, usually a
secondary inflammation in the specific fevers, particu-
larly diphtheria and scarlet fever. It may, however,
occur idiopathically or result from trauma. The

swelling is marked in the submaxillary region. It is also
called Loiiii's Angina. See Angina, and Diseases,
Table of. L.'s Angle (Angulu u fovici , the angle
that exists in some cases of emphysema between the
manubrium and the body of tin- sternum. See An
L.'s Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of.

Liicke's Test. See Test . Table of.

Lues (lit'-cs) [I-]- Formerly a pestilential disease; at
present used as an euphemism lor syphilis. L. deifica,
L. divina, epilepsy.

Luetic [In et'-ifc) [lues, a plague]. Affected with or re-
lating to lues ; syphilitic.

Luffa (Inf'-ali) [Arab.]. A genus of cucurbitaceous
plants. L. acutangula, the strainer vine, of India,
having an edible fruit, a purgative and emetic root, and
oil-bearing seeds. L. amara has similar uses. L.
cylindrica, the " wash -rag," "towel gourd," >.r
" vegetable sponge," bears a fruit which when dry
contains a sponge-like network of fibers. This i- some-
times used as a substitute for a sponge or towel. L.
purgans, of S. America, affords a strongly purgative
resin. Unof.

Lugol's Caustic. A solution of iodin and potassium
iodid, of each one part, in water two parts. L.'s So-
lution. See lodin.

Lumbaginous (lum-baj' -in-us) [lumbus, loin]. Affected
with, or pertaining to, lumbago.

L,umbago (lum-ba'-^o) [lumbus, the loin]. I'ain in the
structures about the loins, whether neuralgic or rheu-
matic.

Lumbar (lum'-bar) [lumbus, the loin]. Pertaining to
the loins, especially to the region about the loins. L.
Abscess, an abscess in the lumbar region. L.
Arteries. See Arteries, Table of. L. Colotomy.
See Lumbo-colotomv. L. Myalgia, lumbago. L.
Nephrectomy, nephrectomy through an incision in
the lumbar region. L. Nephrotomy, nephrotomy
through an incision in the lumbar region. L. Nerves.
See Alerves, Table of. L. Reflex. See Reflexes,
Table of. L. Region. See Abdomen.

Lumben (lum'ben) [lumbus, loins]. Belonging to the
loin in itself.

Lumberman's Itch. Same as Army Itch.

Lumbifragium (lum-bif-ra' je-um) [lumbus, loin;
frangere, to break]. Lumbar hernia.

Lumbiplex (lum'-be-pleks). The lumbar plexus.

Lumbiplexal (lum-be-pleks' ' -al) [lumbus, loin ; plexus,
net]. Pertaining to the lumbiplex.

Lumbo-abdominal (lum'-bo-ab-dom'-in-al) [lumbus,
loin; abdomen, abdomen]. Pertaining to the loin and
the abdomen.

Lumbocolotomy ilum' -bo-ko-lot'-o-mc) [lumbus,\o'm;
ko'/ov, colon; roui/, a cutting]. Colotomy performed
in the lumbar region.

Lumbo-costal (lum-bo-kos'-tal) [lumbus, loin ; costa,
rib]. Pertaining to the loins and the ribs.

Lumbodorsal (lum-bo-dor'-sal) [lumbus, \6\x\ ; dorsum,
back]. Pertaining to the lumbar and dorsal regions.

Lumbodynia (lum-bo-din' '-e ah) [lumbus, loin ; bfiivi/,
pain]. Same as Lumbago.

Lumbo-inguinal (lum-bo-in1 ' -gwin-al") [lumbus, loin ;
inguen, groin]. Pertaining to the lumbar and in-
guinal regions.

Lumbosacral (lum-bo-sa'-kral) [lumbus. loin ; acrum,
sacrum]. Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions.

Lumbricales (lum-brik-a'-lez). See Muscles, Table of .

Lumbricide ilum'-bris-id) [lumbricus, earth-worm;
ccedere, to kill]. A drug fatal to lumbricoid worms.

Lumbriciform (lum-bris/-if-orm). See Lumbricoid.

Lumbricoid (lum'-brilc-oid ) [lumbricus, earth-worm;
eldog, likeness]. Pertaining to, or resembling, a
lumbricus.

*

708

■

LUPINE

the leaves of Pulmonaria officinalis, a demulcent and
mU( - drug. It is a favorite medicine in lung-

,plaints. 1 »ose of the tld. ext. 5 ss-j.

Unof.

.

■

1. \ -in. ill

tin';

stump],
lumps. L.

12

radi-
; . moon].

Lui.

. the

at],
or having cres-

moon].
ity.
Lunatism anus: /una.

5UD-

ng influence of

Apparatus. ular frame of iron used to

L.'s Oil, an oil used

ilive oil and

i one dram.

A tit of lunacy or madness.

Lunelia m ol luna, moon]. Same as

Lur.f • Lunetti [''•]■ A spectacle-lens.

pes, marine-
:'.l similai to aid vision,

spiration,
idized by the
and air-
. a riedit and a

latti r of two
in the tli ity, and

At the root or hilum the
pulmonary artery and
iial veins
of mi-
tr. 1

imity
lull right
■s> tH L-,

Blac> L , Coal-miner's,

I- . C L. -fever,

L. -grown, I
I.., Miner' .
'

L - trui
L. -tester.
I L.-wort,

2-

21

22

Relation of Lungs to other Thoracic Organs.
. Left side of heart. 2. Right side of heart. 3. Coronary artery.
4. Left auricle. 5. Right auricle. 6. Superior vena cava. 7. Pul-
monary arterv. 8. ( >rigin of aorta, q. Arch of aorta 10. Innominate
artery. 11. Right common carotid artery. 12, 12. Suhclavian arteries.
calenus anticus muscle. 14. First rih. 15. Larynx. 16. Trachea.
17, 17. Pneumogastric nerves. 18, 18. Phrenic nerves. 19. Right lung.
20. Left lung. 2i, 21. Diaphragm. 22,22. Seventh pair of ribs.

Lungen [lung'-en) [Ind.]. The name given in India
to a form of diarrhea, the most frequent disease of
elephants, caused by the trematode parasite Ampin's-
totna kawksii, Cobbold. See Parasites (Animal),
Table of.

Lunula \lunf -u-lah) [dim. of luna, moon] . The white
convex or semilunar area of a nail near the root;
onyx. L. of the Cardiac Valves, the delicate edges
of the leaflets of the semilunar valves. L. of Gia-
nuzzi. See Crescents of Gianuzzi. L. lacrymalis,
a small crest of bone separating the antrum of High-
more from the lacrymal groove.

Lunular (lun'-u-lar), Lunulate (lun'-u-lat). See
Lunate.

Lunule (lu' mil) [dim. of luna, the moon]. In bi-
•v. applied to crescentiform impressions or marks
upon various animals.

Luny Uu'-ne) [/una. moon]. A popular term for crazy.

Lupia (lu'-pe-ah) \lupus, wolf]. A name given to
several kinds of malignant tumor, phagedenic ulcer,
and fungoid growth, and also to a wen. See also
Molluscum. L. cancrosa, carcinoma developing in
atheroma of the skin. L. scrofulosa, scrofuloderma
tuberculosum.

Lupiform [lu' '-pif-orrri) [lupus, a wolf; forma, form].
Lupoid.

Lupigenin [lu-pij'-en-in) [lupus, a wolf ], C,-II,.,< )r,.
A substance resulting from the decomposition of
lupiin by acids.

Lupiin (lu'-pe-in) [lupus, a wolf], < '.,,1 1,.2 0,6 -f- 7^0.
A bitter principle found in germinating lupine seeds.

Lupine [lu'-pin) [lupus, a wolf]. A popular name for
various leguminous plants of the genus l.upinus,

1.1 PINIDIN

roo

LUPUS

many of which are poisonous. A large number of the
species are American.

Lupinidin {lu-pin'-id-in) [////'its, a wolf], C8H15N.
A liquid alkaloid obtained from Lupinui lut

Lupinin i/V '-pin-in) [lupus, a wolf], CjjH^NjOj. An
alkaloid, or tertiary amin, from the seeds of Lupinus
luli-us ; also, an alkaloid from tin- seeds of Lupinus
alius; also, a glucosid from the leaves ol both species.
All three are paralyzants, depressing the motor and
sensory centers. The one first named has been pro
posed as a substitute for quinin.

Lupinosis {lu-pin-o'-sis) [lupus, a wol-fj. A disease of
cattle said by some to be produced by eating the herb-
age of certain poisonous species ol lupine. See Lathy-
r/siu.

Lupinotoxin [lu-pin-o-toks'-iri) [lupinus, lupine; rol-t-
k6v, poison], A resinoid derived from certain poi-
sonous species of lupine, and said to be capable of
producing the symptoms of lupinosis.

Lupiology (lu-pe-oV -o-je) [lupia, wen; "K6yoq, science].
The science of malignant tumors.

Lupoid [lu'-poid] [lupus, wolf; t\<S»c, like]. Having
the nature of lupus.

Lupomania (//(■po-ma/-ne-ah) [///pus, wolf; fu
madness]. Rabies.

Lupotome Uu' '-po-tom) [lupus, wolf; TOfirj, a cutting].
A cutting or scarifying instrument sometimes used in
the treatment of lupus.

Lupous {lu'-p//s) [lupus, wolf]. Affected with or per-
taining to lupus.

Lupulin [lu'-pu-lin) [///pus, lupulus, hop], i. Ci2H50-
0». A crystalline principle obtainable from powdery
glands of the hop-plant. See Humulus. It is said
to be strongly narcotic. 2. The yellow, resinous
powder of hops, composed mainly of dried glands from
the strobiles of the plant ; it is the l/ipi/lii////)/ of the U.
S. P. Its fluid extract and oleoresin are official. Dose
of the fid. ext.,gtt. 10-15 i of the oleoresin, gr. ij— v.
3. The precipitate from a tincture of the cones of hops,
Humulus ///p/i/its, a nervine, hypnotic, febrifuge, an-
tiperiodic, and tonic. Dose from I to 2 grains. Unof.

Lupulina (lu-pu-li'-nah) [I..: gen., L//p//li//ie\ Same
as Lupulin.

Lupulinum [lu-pu-W '-num) [L. : gen., Lupulini\.
Same as Lupulin.

Lupulus [lu'-pu-lus). See Humulus.

Lupus [/i/'pi/s) [L. , a wolf]. Lupus vulgaris; a
chronic disease of the skin and some mucous mem-
branes, characterized by the formation in the connective
tissue of nodules of granulation-tissue. It passes
through a number of clinical phases, and terminates by
ulceration or atrophy, with scar- formation. The cause
of the disease is the tubercle-bacillus. L., Acne, an
obstinate papular eruption of doubtful character occur-
ing in the localities usually selected by Acne vulgaris
andsometimes associated with it. L., Acneiform. See
L. erythematosus sebaceus. L. anatomicus, the ana-
tomic tubercle. L., Cazenave's, lupus erythemato-
sus, q. 7 . See also Diseases, Table of. L., Common,
lupus vulgaris. L., Disseminated Follicular, aden-
oid acne ; a variety of acne confined to the face, espe-
cially in the situations usually occupied by acne. The
papules are from a large pin's head to a pea in size,
conic and deep-red. They may coalesce to form a lupus-
like tissue. L. disseminatus, a term applied to any
case of lupus with multiple patches. L. eczema, a
form of L. erythematosus resembling eczema. L.
endemicus. Set Aleppo Boil. L. erythematodes.
Synonym of Z. erythematosus. L. erythematosus,
L. erythematodes; Cazenave's lupus; a form not due
to the tubercle-bacillus. It occurs, as a rule, in mul-
tiple patches, with a tendency to symmetric arrange-

ment, chiefly about the face and head, occasionally on
the extremities, and rarely on the trunk. The patches
are sharply defined at the border, flat, very slightly
raised, and with a tendency to the formatii -ts.

The color is bright red, and there are no nodu
The disease tend- to spread slowly at the periphery, and
new patches may form in the neighborhood of the
old. feeble circulation favors the development of
the disease. It is most common in femal • lult

or middle age. L. erythematosus aggregatus.
s< •■ L. erythematosus disseminatus. L. erythemato-
sus circumscripta, the most common form, attack-
ing chiefly the head and face, especially the- nose,
cheeks, and ears, often symmetrically. It appears in
the early stage as isolated or grouped, small, 1
about an eighth of an inch in diameter, with a yellow-
ish spot at the center, and a small closely adherent scale.
These slowly extend peripherally and ultimately
ali see into patches of a dirty yellowish-white appear-
ance. Cicatrization occurs in the center. The disease
is one of long duration. L. erythematosus corneus,
L. erythematosus in which the scales are n< 't greasj . L.
erythematosus discoides, the asymmetric form of
L. erythematosus. L. erythematosus discretus, a
form of L. erythema', 1/ in which irregular patches
are scattered over various parts of the- body. It is
associated with constitutional symptoms — fever and
pains in the head, bones, joints, etc. L. erythema-
tosus disseminatus, /.. erythematosus 'us;
Lupus-psoriasis ; a rare form of Lupus erythematt
characterized by a wider diffusion of the eruption, an
extension by repeated outbreaks, and by the fact that
the patches never coalesce. It is a chronic disease
usually, but maybe acute. L. erythematosus seba-
ceus, a form with special involvement of the seba-
ceous glands. L. erythematosus telangiectodes, a
variety characterized by marked dilatation of the cu-
taneous blood-vessels. L., Erythematous, lupus
erythematosus. L. exedens. Synonym of L. vul-
garis. L. exfoliativus. See Lupus maculosus. L.
exuberans, a form of lupus, usually Z. exulcerans,
associated with papillary excrescences. L. exulcer-
ans, a term used to distinguish that form in which
the destruction of tissue is rapid or intense, or in
which the epidermis is lost and a secreting ulcerating
surface is disclosed. L. frambcesiformis, L. fram-
bcesioides. See Z. exuberans. L., Fungous.
Synonym of L/ipus exuberans. L. haemorrhagicus,
Z. erythematosus disseminatus associated with hem-
orrhagic vesicles and blebs that dry and form crusts.
L. hypertrophicus, that variety in which new con-
nective-tissue formatii minates over the destruc-
tive process, and markedly raised, thick patches result.
L. idiopatbicus. Synonym of L. vulgaris. L. im-
petiginosus, a form of Z. erythematosus in its earlier
stages resembling impetiginous eczema. L. lymphat-
icus. See Lymphangioma circumscriptum. L. macu-
losus, a variety characterized by the eruption of very
soft, smooth, brownish-red, semi-translucent miliary
nodules, which develop in the connective tissue of
otherwise healthy skin without subjective sensa-
tions. This eruption constitutes the earliest sign
of lupus. When the surface desquamates, the
name L//p//s exfoliativus is given to it. L. mili-
aris. See /... Acne. L. mutilans, lupus exe-
dens, causing destruction of tissue and disfigurement.
L., Necrogenic, the anatomic tubercle. L. non-exe-
dens, lupus without ulceration. L. papillaris, L.
papillomatosus, a form characterized by papillary
growths that may reach the size of the palm. These
are most frequently seen on the extremities and but-
tocks, and occur only on ulcerated surfaces. L. per-

bo
to

I..

LURID!

. mu-
mu-
ll pus
ninens.

■

LYCOIDES

L.

L.

L. se-

L.

L.
itch.

L.,

■
:i margin

U-.ll-

L. terebrans.

tuberculosus.

L. tuberosu m ol

L. tumidus,

us infilti I connec-

.

L. ulcerosus. Synonym

L. %-egetans, L. verrucosus, the

; i oking

i from tim

the ham Is and

L. vorax. See L. exul-

ilgaris. L. vulgaris

cmatodc with l< ibling

It may

the mucous membrane of the

L. of the Vulva.

. lur r, yellow color],
with in certain cachectic con-
• 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 >-.
Bursa. L.'s Cartilage,

r part of the
L.'s Gland, the coccygeal gland,
lying near the tip of
attachment of the
Its function is not known. See Gland.
I u normally exists

iian tubes, analo-

Luschka's

mphoid constituents of the

./" and "Pharyn-

L.'s Villi, minute spheroid, partially

layei of the pia,

nian bodies.

[/«, I], I . The state

specially
natism.

\ washing.

I

iW of.

Bacillus of.

ial appe-

ist]. Libidinous; hav-

vmatic
Method, a method ol the

Hum to purify].

\
any

I

iud].

el.

play ;

: uietic

Lutein ") [luteus, yellow]. I. A pigment

obtained from corpora lutea by extraction with chloro-
.n. ii occurs in minute rhombic prisms or plates
that are pleochromatic and insoluble in water, but
readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Lutein is more or less rapidly bleached by the action
of light. 2. A red
lipochrome pigment
found by MacMunn
in the 1 >1 < •• •« I of Ho-
a nigra. L.-
cells, large cells,
containing granules
of lutein, character-
istic of the metamor-
phosed clot of rup- Lutein-cells.
tured < Jraafian t>>l-

licles, to the margins of which they impart a bright
yellow color, whence the name corpora lutea. These
cells appear to arise from the theca interna. See il-
lustration.

Luteolin (luf -te-o-liri) [luteus, yellow]. A yellow color-
ing-substance obtained from diphenylamin and diazoxy-
lenesulphonic acid ; also, a crystalline body, C20HI4O8,
found in Reseda Intra. See Pigments, Conspectus of.

Luteolous (lu-te' '-o-lus) [luteolus, dim. of luteus,
golden-yellow]. In biology, buff, or yellowish.

Luteous \luf-te-us) [lutum, mud]. Clay-colored, mud
colored; saffron, or reddish-yellow.

Lutescent {lu-tes'-ent) [lutum, mud]. In biology,
yellowish, or becoming yellow.

Luton's Sugar-test. See Tests, Table of.

Lutose (lu'-tos) [lutum, mud]. In biology, applied to
such organisms as are covered with a substance like mud.

Luxation (luks-a'-sliun). See Dislocation.

Luxatura [luks-at-u'-raK). See Dislocation.

Luxus {Inks' -us)[\.., " excess,"]. Excess. L. -breath-
ing, the breathing of more air than is actually called
for by the needs of the organism. L. -consump-
tion, a term applied by Bidder and Schmidt to the
metabolism of certain surplus proteid material, which,
though inside the body, does not form a component
part of any of its tissues, but constitutes a kind of res-
ervoir of force upon which the organism can draw.

Luys's Body. A lentiform ganglion of a milk-and-coffee
color, which lies in the ideal continuation of the lateral
part of the ganglion of Soemmering. It represent- the
boundary between the crusta and the tegmentum.
L.'s Transference Method. See Hypnotism.

Lycaconitin {hk ak-ou'-it-in) [//'»«;, a wolf; aconitum,
aconite], C27H3tN2Ofi H20. An amorphous alka-
loid, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, obtained
from Aconitum lycoctonum. In its toxicologic action
it resembles curare.

Lycanthrope {Ii' -kan-throp) [M/coc, wolf; hvBpunoq,
man]. A person affected with lycanthropy.

Lycanthropic (// kan-throp' -ik) [tvnoc, wolf; avdpuiror,
man]. Pertaining to or affected with lycanthropy.

Lycanthropy {li-kan' -thro-pe) ["kbicoq, a wolf; avdpanog,
man]. A form of mania in which a person imagines
himself a wild beast. Cf. Zoantkropy.

Lychnidiate lik-nid' '-e-at) ['/i yi'or, a lamp]. In bi-
ology, luminous, phosphorescent.

Lycin ' n). See Betain.

Lycodes (li-ko' -dez) [>i/v<», wolf], A chronic form of
tonsillitis Sec Lycoides.

Lycoid (ti'-koiJ) [>/v», wolf; el6o(, like]. Resem-
bling a wolf.

Lycoides (li-koid'-ez) [>iM», wolf; eldoc, like]. A
term applied to a form of quinsy popularly attributed
to exi - ss of spermatic fluid in the seminal reservoirs
and ii- entrance into the blood.

LYCOMANIA

711

LVM I'll ADENOMA

Lycotnania (li-ko-ma' '-ne-ah) [Xvicog, wolf; navia, mad-
ness]. Synonym of Lycantkropy, </. v.

Lycoperdon (li-ko-per'-dou) ['/i-noc, wolf; rripdeodai, to
break wind]. A genus of gasteromycetous fungi. L.
bovista, fist-ball, puff-ball, devil's snuff box. This
has been used as a styptic, and is now to some extent
employed in nervous diseases. The fumes have been
used as an anesthetic. L. giganteum, the giant
puff-ball ; similar to L. bovista. L. proteus. See
L. giganteum.

Lycopersicon, Lycopersicum (li-ko-per' '-sik-on, li-ko-
per^-sih-um) [Xi>Kog, wolf ; irepaacog, peach]. A section
of the Solanact'a- , of which several species are well
known. See Solatium.

Lycopin (li'-ko-pin) [hvnog, wolf; irovg, foot]. A pre-
cipitate from a tincture of Lycopus virginicus, an
astringent, styptic, sedative, and tonic. Dose from i to
4 grains. Unof.

Lycopodin (li-ko-po' '-din) [Xvicog, wolf; 7roi»c,foot], <".,.,
H5sN2Os. A bitter alkaloid found in Lycopodium cla-
vatum and L. complanatum. It is readily soluble in
water, ether, and in alcohol. Unof.

Lycopodium (li-ko-po' -dc-um) [avkoq , wolf ; novg, foot].
Club-moss, witch-meal, wolf's-claw. In medicine, the
sporules of L. clavatum and other varieties, in the
form of a light, fine, yellowish powder, are used as a
desiccant and absorbent on moist and excoriated sur-
faces; in pharmacy, as an inert powder in which to
imbed pills to prevent their adhering to each other.
Lycopodium is inflammable and slightly explosive,
whence the name " vegetable sulphur." A large num-
ber of species are known. L. clavatum, lycopodium.
L. complanatum, common club-moss, ground-pine,
found in Europe and North America. L. inundatum,
marsh club-moss. L. officinale. See L. clavatum.
L. phlegmasia, an Asiatic species said to possess
aphrodisiac properties. L. recurvum. See L.
selago. L. rubrum, a species which is actively
purgative. It has been employed in South America in
elephantiasis. L. saussurus, Brazilian piligon. Its
alkaloid, piligonin, is a powerful emetic, purgative, and
convulsant. L. selago, fir-moss, fir-club-moss, tree-
moss ; a species found in Europe and North America.
It is cathartic and emetic in its action. Unof.

Lycopus (li'-ko-pus). See Bugleweed.

Lycorexia, Lycorrhexy (li-kor-eks'-e-ah, li'-kor-eks-c)
[/j'Kog, wolf; ope^u;, appetite]. A wolfish or canine
appetite; bulimia.

Lycostoma (li-kos'-io-mah) [Xvicog, wolf; ardfia,
mouth]. Cleft palate.

Lye (//) [ME., ley, lye]. The solution of alkaline
hydrates obtained by leaching ashes ; any alkaline
solution.

Lyencephalous (li-en-sef'-al-ns) [Ivtiv, to loosen ;
t} KFtyd/.oq , brain]. Having cerebral hemispheres that
are loosely united.

Lygismus (li-jiz' -?nus) [Mryiofidg, from Xvyiijeiv, to
bend]. A melodious, flexible voice ; also, disloca-
tion.

Lygmus (lig/-mus) [/>';. ,"<<<]• Synonym of Hiccough.

Lygodesmia (li-godez'-me-ah) [Tivyog, twig; Sea/H6g,
bond]. A genus of composite- flowered herbs. L.
spinosa, of Nevada and California, has about its
stem, at the ground, a tuft of woolly or silky liber,
useful as a hemostatic. Unof.

Lygophilous (li-goff' -il-us) [>ry>/, twilight ; (ptAeiv, to
love]. Seeking dark places.

Lying-down, Lying-in. Sec Puerperal State.

Lyma (li'-mah) [?.vpa, washings: pi., Lymata\ I.
Filth, or sordes. 2. Lochia.

Lymph (limf) [lympha, water]. The fluid in the lym-
phatic vessels, the product of the filtration of the

liquid portion of the blood through the walls of the
capillaries. Applied, also, to certain products of
lymph-exudation in wounds, etc. L., Animal, vac-
cine-lymph obtained from an animal. L., Aplastic,
a lymph-product of inflammation that will not form
embryonic tissue. It is called, also, Corpuscular or
Croupous lymph. L., Bovine, vaccine-material ob-
tained from a cow or a calf. L., Calf, vaccine from the
calf. L.-cell, L. -corpuscle, a leukocyte occurring
in the lymph. L. -corpuscles, the colorless corpuscles
of the lymph. L., Euplastic. See L., Pla
L., Fibrinous. Same as /,., Plastic. L. -follicles,
branched lacunar labyrinthine parts composed of
adenoid tissue intercalated in the course of the lym-
phatic vessels. They are not true glands. L.-
glands. See Lymphatic Glands. L. -hearts, exist
in certain cold-blooded animals, the frog, e. g. , having
two axillary and two sacral hearts fur pumping the
lymph. L., Humanized, vaccine from a human
being. L., Inflammatory, that thrown out as a pro-
duct of inflammation in wounds, etc. L., Koch's, a
term for the fluid called, by Koch, paratoloid, now
known a.s tu/'f ;■(////>!. See Tuberculin. It is recom-
mended by Koch for hypodermatic injection in cases
of tuberculous disease. L., Plastic, fibrinous lymph ;
that forming embryonic tissue. L. -scrotum, an ana-
sarcous condition of the scrotum due to tin- presence
of Filaria sanguinis hominis in the blood-stream.
See Filaria. L. -spaces, the lacunas that occur in
connective tissue, and contain lymph. L., Vituline.
See L., Calf.

Lymphaden (I im -fa' -den) [lympha, water ; iiSi/V, gland].
Any lymphatic gland. •

Lymphadenectasis (lim-fad-en-ek' -tas-is) \Jympha,
lymph; wh'/r, gland; enTaoig, distention]. A tumor
of a lymph-gland, due to dilatation of its sinuses.

Lymphadenhypertrophy ( Km -fad-en -hi -per'- tro -fe)
[lympha, lymph ; ddrjv, gland ; mkp, over ; ~po<t>T],
nourishment]. Hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands.

Lymphadenia (lim-fad-e' -ne-ah) [lympha, lymph;
adrjv, gland]. A general hyperplasia of the lym-
phatic tissue with or without leukocytosis.

Lymphadenism (lim-fad' '-en-izm) [lympha, lvmph ;
a6rp>, gland]. The general condition of disease that
accompanies lymphadenoma.

Lymphadenitis (lim-fad-oi-i'-tis) [lympha, lymph ;
('Aijv, gland; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
lymphatic gland. L., Cutaneous, mycosis fungoides.
L., Septic, a form due to the presence of microor-
ganisms. L., Simple, lymphadenitis due to irrita-
tion.

Lymphadenoid (lim-fad' '-en-oid) [lympha. lymph;
adrp>, gland; e}6o<t, like]. Resembling, or of the
nature of, a lymphatic gland.

Lymphadenoma (lim-fatl-oi-o'-mak) [lympha. lymph;
<:<h]i('jua, a glandular tumor: //. , Lymphadenomata'X.
Hodgkin's disease; Malignant lymphoma; Pseudo-
leukemia; Ansemica lymphatica; Adenie [Fr.]. A
disease of the lymphatic structures of the body char-
acterized by a hyperplasia, and often a new forma-
lism of lymphatic tissue in glands, spleen, and bone-
marrow. The cervical glands are usually first involved.
The blood, as a rule, presents the characters of anemia
without increase in the number of white corpuscles.
Pyrexia, often of a remittent type, is common. The
disease occurs most frequently in males. The duration
is from two to five years, and the disease results fatally.
( tccasionally lymphadenoma is converted into a true
leukemia. L., Hard, a form characterized by indu-
rated, firm, glandular swellings. L., Leukemic,
whin associated with leukemia. L., Soft, a form in
which the enlarged lymphatic glands are soft.

i.\ mi'iia rics

.

i.

1. Ganglionar, an

I the
I. Sp Mil,

-: 1 Abn

in the
m-

ng in J. Injec-

jpraphy i \lympha,

A de-

. lymph;
ty, physi-
lymphati

. lymph ;

■•'./].

'he lym-

-lpillare varicosum. Synonym of

L cavernosum. Synonym of

1- circumscriptum. Lymphan-

iseof the

tai ythei irm-

■I in the

with the

. trunk,

gradually

.wn. L.

■

the
but

ink. I li.-v dip

ind

le up of

yom.i s;ee

lymph;

In

linn of red line-- on the skin. L., Wandering, a
ring usually on tin- back of the hand, and
|uent contact with putrefying tissues. It
tii ular patches connected by wavy lines.
Lymphangoncus {lim-fan-jon* -kits) \lympha, lymph;
, a tumor ]. A firm swelling ol
the lymphatic vessels.
Lymphapostemat/////-/<'//-Af-/<,/-w,///) \lympha, Lymph ;
-- : //. . LymphaposUmata\. A lym-
phatic absi
Lympharia (lim \h) [lympha, lymph]. A name

proposed for lymphatic tissue.
Lymphate [lim* \lympha, water]. Raving;

htened into madness.
Lymphatic {lim-fat'-ik) \lymphaticus ; lympka, lymph ].
Pertaining to lymph; containing or characterized by
lymph. L. Edema. See Lymphedema. L. Glands,
the glands intercalated in the pathway of the lymph-
atic vessels, through which the lymph is filtered. L.
Temperament. See Temperament. L. Vessels.
Lymphatics.
Lymphatico-sanguine [lim-faf ik « sanf-gwiri) \lytn-
pha, lymph; sanguis, blood]. Both lymphatic and
nguine. Sec Temperament.

i Lymphatics of-- Cervical and Axillary

G L A

I. Superior extremity of thoracic duct. 2. Its entrance at
the junction oi the internal jugular and left subclavian veins.

Lymphatics {lim-faf -iks) [lympha, lymph]. The

lymphatic vessels, including capillaries, afferent and

Jsels, and ducts or trunks: the lvmph-ves-

ary tubes extending to nearly every part

'he body, fir. 1, 1 which they take up the lymph,

forming the principal part of the absorbent system.

rent or inferent lymphatics, those that convey

lymph n, the lymphatic glands; efferent lymphatics,

nducl lymph from the glands.

LYMPHATISM

713

LYMPHOMA 1' )\ -

Lymphatic Glands and Vessels of the Cavity of the

Axilla.

mHjv..^

Lymphatic Glands and Vessels of the Inguinal
Region.

Lymphatism (lim'-fat-izm) [lympkatismus]. The lym-
phatic temperament ; scrofula.

Lymphatitis (lim-fat-i'-tis). See Lymphangitis.

Lymphatocele (lim-fat'-o-sel) \lympha, lymph; k^Xij,
tumor]. A tumor composed of dilated lymph-vessels.

Lymphatology [lim-fat-ol' -o-je\ See Lymphology.

Lymph-canalicular (limf -kan-al-ik' -u-lar) [lympha,
lymph; canaliculus, small channel]. Pertaining to
the ultimate channels of the lymphatic vessels.

Lymphedemai lim man) \lympha, lymph ; oidrjua,

edema]. Edema due to accumulation of lymph;
scrolls edema.

Lympheduct (lim'-fe dukt) \lympha, lymph ; du
to lead]. A lymphatic vessel or duct.

Lymphemia Uim-fe'-me-ah) \lympha, lymph; ai/ia,
blood]. Leukemia chai I by pathologic pro-

cesses in the lymphatic glands, which become hy-
pertrophied ; the kidney or liver sometim -<:nts

what appears to be an element composed of lymphatic
ii->ues.

Lymphenteritis (lim-fen-ter-i' -tis\ \lympha, lymph;
ivrepov, bowels; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation
of the bowels attended with serous infiltration. 2.
Inflammation of the at of the intestine;

peritonitis.

Lymphepatitis (limf-hep-at-i'-tis) \lympha, lymph ;
//-«/), liver; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
peritoneal coat of the liver.

Lympheurysma (Jim fu-riz'-man). See Lymphan-
eurysma.

Lymphexosmosis (lim- felts - os - mof - sis) \lympha,
lymph ; ef, out ; aofidg, thrust]. Exosmosis of lymph ;
passage of lymph outward, through the coats of the
lymph-vessels.

Lymphitis (lim-ji'-tis). .See Lymphangitis.

Lymphoblast \limf -fo-blast) \lympha, lymph ; {i'/acroc,
germ]. Any cell with a nutritive function.

Lymphocele (lim'-fo-sel) \Jympha, lymph; «>////,
tumor]. A tumor containing an abnormal collection
or quantity of lymph.

Lymphocyte (lim'-fo-sit) [lympha, lymph ; nrroq, a
cell]. I. A lymph-cell. 2. One of Khrlich's classes of
leukocytes, comprising those small cells having large
nuclei and a very small amount of protoplasm. See
Leukocyte.

Lymphocythemia (Urn - fo - si - the' - we - ah) \lympha,
lymph ; m'toc, cell ; <nun, blood]. A condition of the
blood in which the lymphocytes are increa-

Lymphodermia (lim-fo-der* -me-ah) [lymphn, lymph;
depfia, skin]. An affection of the lymphatics of the
skin. L. perniciosa, a certain form of Mycosis, or
fungoid granuloma.

Lymphoduct (lim'-fo-dukt). See Lympheduct.

Lympho-gastritis \lim-fo-gas-tri' '-lis) [lympka, lymph ;
yaari/p, stomach; trie, inflammation]. Lymphatic
gastritis.

Lymphogenous (lim-fof '-en-us) [lympha, lymph ;
yswav, to beget]. Producing lymph.

Lymphoid (lim'-foid) \lympha, lymph ; eldog, like].
Having tha appearance or character of lymph.

Lymphology (Hm-foF-o-je) [lympha, lymph ; '/ir.oq,
science]. The study of the anatomy and physiology
of the lymphatic system.

Lymphoma (lim-fof-mati) [lympha, lymph;
tumor: //. , Lymphomata\ A lymph-tumor; also,
lymphadenoma. The term includes formations not
strictly tumors but hyperplasias of the tissues proper
to lymphatic glands. L., Heteroplastic. Synonym
of Lymphadenoma. L., Leukemic. See Lymph-
adenoma, Leukemic. L., Malignant. Synonym of
Lymphadenoma. L., Scrofulous, tuberculous en-
largement of lymphatic glands. L., Typhoid, the
formation of small lymphatic masses in the intestinal
peritoneum and in the liver and kidneys in typhoid
fever.

Lymphomatous [lim-for -mat-us) [lympha, lymph ; bun,
tumor]. Of the nature of, affected with, or relating
to, lymphoma.

■1-1

LYTTA

L. indis.

:

I
I

vound, inter-

r, lymph;
•;' Pro
tural

L. thymicum,
■ thymus

[•arts of

rir)

\ condi-

menl of

ich develop-

. lymph]. The elab-

. lymph ; nrnaiz,
the flow of

see Lymphangiotomy .
'torrhea \lympha, lymph ;

discharge

i

. lymph ; oipov,
■\ in which the urine spontaneously
as it does in chyluria.
ng]. 1 [i< < ougb ; violent

Apparatus. ■ ction.

Bin

- . sadness ; ua
nentia accompanied by
: refusal to take food.
I ^irenia distress-

ilia,
mia

mental prostration from
< onfounded with

L. of Fornix,
oblique lines on
the arrangement
rntiful resemblance to a harp. L. of

Uterus, the uterine arbor vit.v. L. of Vagina, the
vagina] rug
Lyrate [/j/ra, a lyre]. In biology, lyre-shaped.

Lysemia (Use* -me-ah) [Admc, solution ; alfia, blood],
lution of the Mood, or a losing of the integral
parts of it.
Lysigenetic [lis-ij-en-ef f-ik). Same as Lysigenous.
Lysigenic [lis-ij-en'-ik). Same as Lysigenous.
Lysigenous (lis-ij'-en us) ['/iaic, a setting free; yewfc,
born, produced]. In biology, a term applied to inter-
iil.ir spai tied by the breaking down of con-

tiguous cells. Cf. Schizogenic.
Lysimachia \lis-i»i-a' -ke-ah) [Xvcig, a loosing ; paxr/,
battle]. A genus of primulaceous plants of many
L. nemorum, L. nummularia, L. vul-
garis, of Europe, and L. quadrifolia, and other X.
American species arc used in domestic medicine. Unof.
Lysinosis {/is-in-o'-sis) [Aiwc, Xviiv, to loose (a ravel-
ling or shred) ]. Hertz's term for a disease of the
lungs due to the inhalation of cotton libers.
Lysiplasta \lis-ip-las,-tah) [Ai'ovc, a loosing; -'/uogeiv,
to mould]. Diseased states marked by excessive secre-
tion.
Lysis (Ji'-sis) \_'/i-Giq, '/ieiv, to loose]. A term some-
what loosely used, but now applied to the gradual
decline of a disease, especially a fever.
Lysol {/i'-sol). A saponified phenol derived from
cresols by the action of nascent soap. It is an excel-
lent disinfectant in from one to three per cent, solutions,
and has been used in dermatology and gynecology.
Unof.
Lyssa (lis'-a/i) [Ttvaaa, madness]. I. A synonym of

Hydrophobia or Rabies. 2. Mania or madness.
Lyssic {Jis'-ik) \_/iaaa, madness]. Pertaining to rabies ;

due to rabies.
Lyssin {lis'-in) ['/.iaoa, madness]. The specific virus

or germ of hydrophobia.
Lyssodegma {lis-o-deg> '-tnaK). Synonym of Lyssodexis.
Lyssodexis [lis-o-deks/-is) [/iaaa, madness; d&Kveiv,

to bite]. The bite of a rabid dog.
Lyssoid {lis'-oid) ['/iaaa, rabies; ehhg, like]. Resem-
bling rabies ; resembling madness.
Lyssophobia {lis-o-fo'-be-ah) [/.vcaa, madness ; tydjioq,
fear]. Morbid dread of rabies; pseudo-hydrophobia.
Lyterian Ui-t^-re-ati) ['Avrqpwc;, loosing]. Indicative
of a lysis, or of a favorable crisis, terminating an
attack of disease.
Lythrum {Jith'-rum) [> rOpnv, bloody defilement]. A
genus of lythraceous plants. L. salicaria, or willow-
herb, is used as an astringent in leukorrhea, diarrhea,
and hemorrhage from the lungs. Unof.
Lytic (lit'-ik) [lyticus, /vtikoc]. Relating to a lysis,

or to a solution.
Lytta {tit' -ah), i. Synonym of Hydrophobia. 2. A
long, median, pointed, fibrous or cartilaginous process
ossokyal) in the tongue of camivora. It is the
" worm" of the dog's tongue, commonly held to be
a parasite and often extracted by fanciers. L. vesi-
catoria. See Cantharis. L. vittata, the potato-fly,
containing one per cent, or more of cantharidin.

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