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UNIVERSITY

ILLUSTRATED INDEX

BRITISH. SHELLS.

CONTAINING

FIGURES OF ALL THE RECENT SPECIES,

GHAith Names and other Lnformation.

BY

G. B. SOWERBY, F.L.S.

LONDON:
SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW ;

AND

THE AUTHOR, 9, PEMBROKE SQUARE, KENSINGTON,
1859.

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PREFACE.

‘Tue first idea of this Work arose from the occasional use of Mr. Damon’s
‘Catalogue of the Shells of Great Britain and Ireland,’ named after the
‘History of British Mollusca,’ ete. Here was, on one side, a very use-
ful list of names, without figures or references to guide an inquirer to
the species ; and on the other, a very large and splendid Work, placed
by its heavy price beyond the reach of Naturalists in general. There
was nothing between the two; nothing within reach that would assist
collectors of British Shells to name their acquisitions from ocean, beach,
river, pond, or hedgerow. A public want seemed here to be discovered.
It was thought that a list like the above, with a coloured drawing of
every species, if produced at an available price, would supply that want.
At first no more than this was thought of, but afterwards, as the pre-
parations advanced, various suggestions were made tending to some
extension of the plan. The results are here presented.

About 700 Figures in the Plates represent all the recognized species.
They amount to 600, being 60 more than are admitted in the latest
monograph. The greater part of these are either new or newly intro-
duced as British. The rest are raised from varieties to species.

As the nomenclature used by Messrs. Forbes and Hanley in their
great Work will be most generally adopted in this country, it is followed
here with very few alterations ; and the synonyms given (in italics) are
selected from those which are most familiar and likely to be met with.

Some information is added respecting habits and localities, range of
depth of marine species, and comparative abundance. The letters C.,
Ce., Mc., R., Rr., and Mr., signifying ‘common,’ ‘ extremely common,’

iv PREFACE.

‘moderately common,’ ‘rare,’ etc., must be taken with great caution,
especially the latter, as subject to continual change.

A list is given of British Fossil Shells identical with now living
species.

A familiar description of British Mollusca and some peculiarities in
their families and genera will, it is hoped, form a useful and suitable
introduction to the names and figures. The Author’s best thanks are
due to his friends, Madame De Burgh, who has collected many beau-
tiful shells; R. M‘Andrew, Esq., F.L.S., whose dredging experiences

-are so extensive; J. G. Jeffreys, Esq., F.R.S., etc., whose researches
have resulted in so many additions to our Fauna; Mr. Brice Wright,
the Naturalist, of Great Russell Street, and others, who have in the most
liberal manner supplied him with specimens from which his drawings
are taken. The loan of delicate and minute shells to authors and artists
has so often proved disastrous, that nothing but a generous friendship,
and a zealous love of Natural History, could have induced proprietors
so freely to incur the risk.

INTRODUCTION

TO

SHELL-BEARING BRITISH MOLLUSCA.

A common garden Snail, observed crawling and feeding, is easily seen
to possess a distinct head, upon which are four feelers or horns, with
eyes at the end, and underneath which is a mouth; a broad disc, ex-
tending the whole length of the body, is the organ of locomotion; a
spiral or coiled shell surmounts the whole.

Tf, on the other hand, an Oyster be opened, no distinct head, or place
for eyes or mouth, can be seen, but only a seeming mass of pulp, with
a round gristle in the centre (the muscle of attachment), the former
enclosed in a soft skin with a double fringe round the edge (mantle),
placed within a shell composed of two pieces.

All Mollusca are more or less completely represented by these two.
The Snail and its class are named Gasteropoda (abdomen-creeping), and
their shells Unzvalves; the Oyster and its class, Acephala (headless),
and their shells Bivalves. We begin with the latter class at—

Prare I.

Pholadide, or “ Borers,’ 1-13, have the power of piercing and in-
habiting holes in submarine wood, rocks, and stones. The hinder part
of the body is lengthened out in the form of a double tube, with open-
ings for the ingress and egress of fluids. eredo, 1-6, has short valves,
two pallets fixed at the sides of the siphons, and lines its hole with a
shelly tube. Pholas and Pholadidea, 8-13, have long valves and some-

vl INTRODUCTION TO

times accessory plates. The shell of Xy/ophaga, 7, is like that of Teredo,
but the animal has neither pallets nor tube.

Gastrochena, 14, has a gaping shell, and encloses itself in a sTbotiles
shaped covering of cemented stones and sand. Sazicava, 15, 16, Ve-
nerupis, 18, and Petricola, 17, burrow in sand, or live in holes of rocks.

Myade, or “ Gapers,” Mya, 19, 20, and Panopea, 21, 21*, burrow
downwards in sand and mud, their siphons protected by a coriaceous
covering. ‘Their shells are not closed all round, and those of Mya have
a spoon-shaped process in the hinge of one valve. ;

Corbulide, 22-28, have short siphons with fringed edges, and the
foot protrudes through a hole in the otherwise closed mantle.

Prat II.

Poromya, 1, 1*, and the beautiful pearly Pandora, 2, 3, might be
included in the family of Coréulide. Lyonsia, 4, and Thracia, 5-10,
represent the Anatinide. 11-18 are Solenide, or “ Razor-shells.”
Solens burrow in deep holes in the sand, where they remain in a per-
pendicular position at a great depth below the surface, where yet their
presence may be traced by the opening left. Their large muscular
foot enables them to take great leaps when out of the holes.

Pirate III.

Psammobia, 1-4, and Te/lina, 5-16, include some of our most beau-
tiful shells. The animals have a large, fleshy, curved foot, and the
mantle open and fringed. Their shells are provided with an external
ligament, and teeth on the hinge. Donaw, or “ Wedge,” 19, 20, has
long, separated, fringed siphons. Besides the small external ligament,
properly so called, the Mactride have a triangular pit in the hinge of
their shell, containing an elastic substance or spring, designed to resist
the action of the adductor muscles. Macéra, 21-26, ends the Plate.

Prats LV.

Tutraria, 1-8, is another genus of Mactride. The Veneride, 4-16
and 23, or “ Venus” tribe, differ from it in not having the spring-
holding pit. Artemis, 10, 11, is known by a large angular bend in
the pallial impression ; and Cytherea, 23, is distinguished from Venus

SHELL-BEARING BRITISH MOLLUSCA. vil

by one tooth on the hinge standing out a little way from the central
ones. Astarte, 17-22, belongs to the Cyprinidae.

Pratt V.

Fig. 1-8 also represent genera of Cyprinide. They have no bend in
the palleal impression. Cardiwm, or “ Cockle,’ 4-13, presents a pscu-
liarity in the foot, which is large and bent, and enables the animal to
leap in a very lively manner. The family of Zwcinide occupy the re-
maining figures. Lwcima has a curious tongue-shaped doubling of
the pallial impression.

Pirate VI.

The Kelliade, 1-15, are marine, while the Cycladide, completing
the Plate, are fresh-water bivalves, and may be found in many ponds and
rivers,

Prate VII.

Of the Unionide, or “ Fresh-water Mussels,” Unio, 1-3, has teeth on
the hinge, and Anodon, 4, has not: i is a thin shell. The foot of these
molluscs is very large, and is used in cutting the animal’s way through
the mud in which it burrows. Of the marine, or true Mussels, Modiola,
6-9, and Crenella, 12-17, have a portion of the shell reaching beyond
the point or apex, which in Mytilus is terminal, 18-21. Dreissina, 5,
is shaped like Mytilus, but lives in fresh-water docks. The Mytilide
attach themselves by means of horny threads spun from the foot, and
called a ‘ byssus,”

Puate VIII.

Shells of Arcade, 1-14, have the hinge characterized by a series of
teeth on each side of the apex. Nucula, Arca, and Pectunculus are
easily distinguished. Limopsis, 14, has a spring pit between the two
rows. Our figure of Pinna, 16, is from a young specimen: it grows to
great size, and spins a very silky byssus. The shell of Anomia, 18, is
fixed to rocks, ete., by means of a bony button passing through a hole
or sinus in the lower valve. Lima, 22-24, has a light, thin shell, and
its mantle is adorned with beautiful fringes. It swims rapidly through
the water by the opening and shutting of its valves, and also has the

vill INTRODUCTION TO

habit, in seasons of rest, of protecting itself by a network or vest of
marine fragments strung together by its byssal threads,

Prate IX.

Contains the shells of our Pectens, or Scallops, 1-16. The animals
swim like Zima, as above, and also spin a byssus.

The class Brachionoda, 17-24, so named because what seem to be
organs of locomotion consist of a pair of coiled, ciliated arms, ends the
list of Headless Molluscs and their bivalve shells,

Prats X.

Class Pteropoda, 1-4, contains minute Mollusca, with glassy shells
variously formed, and wing-like expansions for swimming.

Chiton, 5-17, or ‘Coat of Mail,” which may often be seen incrust-
jng rocks, commences the Gasteropoda ; although seemingly fixed,
they are capable of locomotion, using the whole of the oval disc,
which may be seen on turning them over, for the purpose. The same
may be said of the “Limpet” tribe, Pated/a, 1-22.

Prats XI,

This Plate commences with other forms of the Limpet tribe, Fissw-
rella, 1, 2, with a hole at the top; Puncturella, 3, with a fissure near
the top; and Hmarginula, 4-6, with a slit at the margin. Haliotis, 7,
or pearly “ Har-shell,” leads to the Zrochida, or “Tops,” 8-27.

Puate XII.

Janthina, 1-4, is genus of oceanic molluscs, which are provided
with a beautiful floating apparatus, on which the female carries her
egg-bags.

Neritina, 5, and the Paludinide, 8-11, live in fresh-water. The
animal of Padudina is sprinkled all over with bright, golden specks.
The Littorine, or “ Winkles,” 12-24, are marine, and frequent the
shore among seaweeds. Lacuna, 25-32, belongs to the same family.

Prates XITI., XIV.,

Are small genera, various in their characters and habits, but reason-
ably included in the last family, Zittorinide.

SHELL-BEARING BRITISH MOLLUSCA, 1x

Prats XV.

The animals of Zurritella, 1-8, and Caecum, 6,7, are not unlike,
although the shells are so different ; eyes at the base of the tentacles,
a short foot, and horny operculum, The somewhat similar animal of
Anorrhais, 4, 5, is brilliantly coloured with gold and red, Cerathium,
8-10, differs from Cerithiopsis, 11-15, more in regard to the animal
than the shell; the latter animal has a retractile proboscis, and its
operculum is not spiral,

Prats XVI,

Chemnitzia, 1-11, and Truncatella, 12, together with Stylifer,
Eulima, and Odostomia, form the family of Pyramidellide, Notwith-
standing the difference in the shells, the animals are very similar,
having a retractile proboscis, and eyes immersed at the base of their
tentacles.

The animal of Natica, 13-19, has a lobe on the upper part of
the foot, reflected over the shell in front, and another lobe behind,
The shells of Laminaria, 23, 24, are completely enveloped in similar
lobes,

Pirate XVII.

The shells of Odostomia are known by a fold in the inner lip of the
aperture,

Prats XVIII.

Two Tritons, 1, 2, are admitted for the first time as British, on what
we consider fair evidence, although only two or three specimens have
been taken off Guernsey. One of 7. nodiferus was incrusted by a
truly British Lepratia, Murex, 3, is now familiar as an aquarian, as
well as Purpura, 5. A milky secretion found in the head turns purple
when exposed, and gives the celebrated purple dye. Buccinum, 7-13,
includes the common “ Whelk,” 8. Fusus Berniciensis, 14, is among
the rarest and most beautiful of our British shells,

Pratt XIX,

Nassa reticulata, 3, is a favourite inhabitant of the tank; it burrows
in search of food among the pebbles, elevating its siphon above the
6b

x BRITISH SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA.

surface. Mangelia, 4-26, has a similar long siphon. The shell of
Erato, 27, is wrapped in the lobes of the animal’s mantle, as is also
that of Cyprea, 28, the latter presenting a beautiful object.

Pratt XX.

After Zornatella, 1, and Ovula, 2, 3, come Bullida, 4-27, including
several genera differing remarkably in the shape and disposition of the
lobes of their mantles, which in some instances, as in Philiine, 20-25,
cover the shell. The stomach of Scapander, 26, 27, is a remarkable
kind of mill, composed of two bones, between which the food is
ground. The shells of Aplysia, 28, and Plewrotranchus, 29, 30, are
quite internal. Spirula, 31, belonging to the Cephalopodous or Cuttle-
fish tribe, is only introduced doubtfully, as there is no proof of the
species living in our seas.

Puates XXI., XXII, XXIII, XXTV.

These are occupied by shells of Gasteropoda pulmonifera, so named
because they breathe air by a pulmonary cavity, instead of water by gills,
The Zimneada, or fresh-water Snails, contained in Plate I., live in water,
but breathe by exposing the pulmonary cavity to air at the surface.
Succinea, Plate XXII., 1-8, lives by the sides of streams, sometimes
immersed. Conovulus, 4-7, affects brackish marshes. Our common
Slugs yield, on dissection, thin shells, which are concealed beneath the
mantle, Zimar, 9-12. The shells of Testacellus, 13, 14, are fixed
near the end of the foot, outside. The glassy shells of Vitrina, 15, 16,
do not enclose the whole Slug-like animal. The other genera of Land
Snails have shells large enough to receive the animal when retracted
and withdrawn for repose.

x1

BRITISH FOSSIL SHELLS.

Tre following living species are also found in a fossil state in drift and
strata of the British Isles. They are all enumerated in Mr. Searles
* Wood’s monograph of the Crac Mollusca.

The numbers refer to the species as figured in our Plates, Mr.
Wood’s nomenclature being inserted in italics when differing from
ours.

Pu. I. Teredo 2. Pholas 11. Pholadidea 12. Gastrochena 14,
as dubia. Saxicava 15,16. Venerupis 18. Mya 19, 20. Panopea
21, 21*, as Faujasii. Corbula 22, 28? Sphenia 25. Neera 27.

Px. Il. Poromya 1. Pandora 2, as inequivalvis, 3, as pinna.
Thracia 7, 8. Solen, 13, 15. Solecurtus 18, as Mactra strigilata.
Syndosmya, as Adra, 19, 22.

Pu. III. Psammobia 1, 3, 4. Tellina 5, 6, 7, 9, as ovata, 15, as
Balthica, 16. Scrobicularia 18, as Trigonella plana. Donax 19, as
vittatus. Mactra 20, 21, 22, as ovalis, 28, 25, 26.

Pu. IV. Lutraria 2. ‘Tapes 7, 8. Artemis 11. Venus 12, 14,
15,17. -Astarte 18, 19, 20, 22, as doreahis.

Pt. V. Cyprina 1. Circe 2. Isocardia 3. Cardium 6, 8, 9, 12, 13.
Lucina 14, as Loripes, 15, as Cryptodon flexuosum, 16. Diplodonta 19.
Clausina 20, as Cryptodon /.

Pi. VI. Montacuta 1, 2,3. Kellia 5, 6. Poronia 7, as Kellia r.
Cyclas 16, 18. Pisidium 28, 24, 25, 26.

Pr. VII. Unio 2, 3. Anodon 4. Modiola 6, 9,10. Crenella 13,
14, 15, 16. Mytilus 18, 19, 20.

Px. VIII. Nuculal, 5. Leda6,7. Arca 9,10, 11, as pectuncu-
doides. Pectunculus 13. Aviculal5. Pinnal6. Ostreal7. Ano-
mia 18, 19, 20, 21. lima 22, 23, 24.

Pn. EXS Pecten) 1525 5,8, 95 lOve 123g a Tan

x BRITISH FOSSIL SHELLS.

Pr. X. Chiton 7, as fascicularis. Patella 18. Acme 23. Propi-
lidium, as Zectura, 24. Dentalium 26, 27. Capulus 28. Calyp-
trea 29.

Pu. XI. Fissurella 1, as gre@ca. Puncturella 8. Emarginula 5, 6.
Trochus 8, 10, 11, 12, as papillosus, 15, 16, 17, 19. Margarita 21.
Adeorbis 25. Scissurella 26. ‘

Pr. XII. Paludina 9. Valvata 10. Littorina 14. Lacuna 27.

Pru. XIII. Rissoa 8*, as Paludestrina subumbilicata, 7, 11?, 13 ?,
Way, 233%, Parla

Pr. XIV: Rissoa 2, 9, as Chemnitzia. Aclis 24, as Alvania ascaris,
25, as Chemnitzia n.

Px. XV. Turritella 2. Aporrhais 4. Cacum 6, 7. Cerithium 9, 10.
Cerithiopsis, as Cerithium, 11. Scalaria 17, 19, 20. Eulima 22, 25.

Pr. XVI. Chemnitzia 1, 2, as simzlis, 4, 8. Natica 13, 17, as Catena,
19, as Grenlandica. Velutina 21. ‘Trichotropis 26.

Pu. XVII. Odostomia 1, 8, as plicata, 9, as plicata, 10?, 12.

Pr. XVII. Purpura 5. Buccinum 10? Fusus 15, as Trophon,
16, as 7r., 17, as Tr. gracile, 18, as Tr. T.,19, as Tr. p. Trophon 22, 24.

Pi. XIX. Nassa 1, 2. Mangelia, as Clavatula, 4, 5, 8, as Philberti,
9, 11, as Boothii, 12, 14, 15, 17?, 21, 22. Erato 27. Cyprea 28.

Pi. XX. Tornatella 1, as Acteon tornatilis. Ovula 3, as Bulla.
Cylichna, as Buda, 4, 5, as reguibiensis, 7,9, 12. Bulla 19. Philine
as Bullea, 21, 22. Scaphander, as Bulla, 26.

Pi. XXI. Limnea 1, 4, 7,11. Planorbis 18, 24, as complanatus,
and in the upper fresh-water formation, all except 9, 11.

Py, XXII. Suecinea 1, 8. Conovulus 5, and in the more recent
fresh-water deposits, all except 7 and 13 to 16.

Pu. XXIII. Helix 19, 22, and upper fresh-water, all except 1, 12,
14, 15, 24, 25, 26.

Pr. XXIV. Upper fresh-water deposits, all except 16, 24.

xii

INDEX TO THE GENERA.

eS

Referring to Plates and Figures.

Achatina, XxIv. 24.
Aclis, xtv. 23, 25.
Acmea, X. 22, 23.
Acme, XXx1v. 26.
Adeorbis, xt. 25.
Akera, xx. 16.
Amphispira, xx. 14, 15.
Ancylus, xx1. 14-17.
Anodonta, vir. 4.
Anomia, vi1r. 18-21.
Aplysia, xx. 28.
Aporrhais, xv. 4, 5.
Arca, virt. 8-12.
Argiope, 1x. 20, 23.
Artemis, tv. 10, 11.
Assiminea, XIII. 1, 2.
Astarte, Iv. 17, 22.
Avicula, viir. 15.
Azeca, XXIV. 23.

Balea, xxiv. 17.
Barleeia, xtv. 12.
Bithinea, x11. 6, 7.
Buccinum, xvirt. 8-13.
Bulla, xx. 17-19.
Bulimus, xxtv. 1—4.

Calyptreea, x. 29.
Capulus, Pileopsis.
Cardium, v. 4-13.
Carychium, xx1t. 8,
Czcum, Xv. 6-7.
Cemoria, Puncturella.
Ceratisolen, m1. 11.

Cerithiopsis, xv. 11=15.
Cerithium, xv. 8-10.
Chemnitzia, xvr. 1-11.
Chiton, x. 5-17.

Circe, v. 2.

Clavatula, Mangelia.
Clausilia, xx1v. 18-21,
Clausina, v. 20-22.
Cochlodesma, 11. 10.
Conovulus, Xx1I. 4-7.
Corbula, 1. 22-24.
Crania, Ix. 24.
Crenella, vir. 12-17.
Cyclostoma, xxIv. 25,
Cyclas, v1. 16-20.
Cylichna, xx. 4-13.
Cypreea, XIx. 28.
Cyprina, v. 1.
Cytherea, Iv. 23.

Dentalium, x. 26, 27.
Diodonta, 11. 16, 16*,
Diplodonta, v. 19.
Donax, tr. 19, 20.
Dreissina, VI. 5.

Emarginula, x1. 4-6.
Euomphalus, xtv. 17, 18.
Ervillia, 111. 17.

Kulima, xv. 22-26.
Eulimella, xtv. 26-30.

Fissurella, xr. 1, 2.
Fusus, xviir. 14-19.

XIV INDEX 'tO

Galeomma, vi. 14, 15.
Gastrochzena, 1. 14.

Haliotis, x1. 7.

Helix (Zonites), xx11, 17-29,
Helix, xxi. 1-29.
Hinnites, Pecten, 1x. 1.
Hippothyris, 1x. 17.
Hyalea, x. 1.

Tanthina, x11. 1—4.,
Tsocardia, v. 3.

Jeffreysia, xiv. 13-16.
Kellia, vr. 5-8.

Lachesis, xviit. 6.
Lacuna, x11. 25-32.
Lamellaria, xv1. 28, 24.
Leda, vir. 6, 7.
Lepton, v1. 9-13.
Lima, vir. 22~24.
Limax, xxir. 9-12.
Limnea, xxr. 1-11.
Limopsis, vitr. 14.
Littorina, x11. 12-24.
Lucina, v. 14-18.
Lucinopsis, tv. 9.
Lutraria, rv. 1-3.
Lyonsia, 11. 4.

Mactra, 111. 21-26.
Mangelia, x1x. 4-26.
Margarita, x1. 21-24,
Marginella, Erato.
Megathyris, Argiope.
Modiola, vi. 6-11.
Montacuta, vr. 1-3.
Murex, xvitl. 3, 4.
Mya, 1. 19-20.
Mytilus, viz. 18-21,

Nassa, X1x. 1-3.
Natica, xvi. 13-19.
Nezra, I. 26-28.
Neritina, x11. 5.
Nucula, virt. 1-5.

THE GENERA.

Odostomia, xvi. 1-31.
Ostrea, vilT. 17.
Otina, Xvt. 25.

Ovula, xx. 2, 3.

Paludina, x11. 8, 9.
Pandora, 11. 2, 3.
Panopeea, I. 21, 21*,
Patella, x. 18-21.
Pecten, 1x. 1-16.
Pectunculus, vitr. 13,
Petricola, 1. 17.
Phasianella, x1. 27,
Philine, xx. 20-25.
Pholas, 1. 8=11, 13)
Pholadidea, 1. 12.
Physa, xxx. 12, 13.
Pileopsis, x. 28.
Pilidium, x. 24.
Pinna, viit. 16.
Pisidium, vr. 21-28.
Planorbis, xx1. 18-28.
Pleurobranchus, xx. 29.
Pleurotoma, Mangelia.
Poromya, 11. 1, 1*, rx.

Propilidium, x. 25.

Psammobia, rr. 1-4.
Puncturella, x1. 3.
Pupa, xxiv. 5-16.
Purpura, Xvuii. 5.

Reeluzia, xvr. 20.

Rissoa, xti1. 83-28; xiv. 1-11.
Saxicava, 1.15, 16.

Sealaria, xv. 16-20.
Scaphander, xx. 26, 27.
Scrobicularia, m1. 18.
Scissurella, xi. 26.

Segmentina, Planorbis, xxi. 27, 28.
Skenea, xIv. 19-22.

Solen, mr. 12-15.

Solecurtus, 1. 17, 18.

Spirialis, x. 2-4.

Spirula, xx. 31.

Stylifer, xv. 21.

Succinea, xx1I. 1-3.
Syndosmya, 11. 19-22,
Spheenia, 1. 25.

Tapes, rv, 4-8,
Tellina, 111, 5-16.
Terebratula, 1x, 18-20,
Teredo, t. 1-6.
Testacellus, xxtr. 13, 14,
Thracia, 11. 5—9.
Tornatella, xx. 1,
Trichotropis, Xv1,-26,
Triton, xviit, 1, 2.
Trochus, x1. 8—20,
Trophon, xv11r. 20-24,
Truncatella, xv1, 12,
Turritella, xv, 1-3,
Turtonia, Vi. 4,

INDEX TO THE GENERA,

Unio, vir, 1-3,

Valvata, x1z. 10, 11,
Velutina, xvi, 21, 22,
Venerupis, 1. 18,
Venus, 1y. 12-16,
Vertigo, Pupa.
Vitrina, xx1r, 15-16,

Xylophaga, 1, 7.

Zonites, xxtr. 17-29,
Zua, XXIV, 22,

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PLATE I.

Terepo. Pierces and inhabits wood.
Fig.
1. T. navauts, Zinn.—T. Batave.—Herne Bay, R. Pallets shelly,
crescented ; valves with auricles extended sidewise ; tube long.
2. T. norveaica, Spengl.—T. Bruguiert.—Port Patrick, Teignmouth,
etc., Me. Pallets shelly, not crescented ; auricles not extended.
3. T. mecorara, Hanl.—T. nana (young).— Herne Bay, Devon,
Swansea, etc., R. Pallets shelly, spade-shaped ; auricles raised
and expanded.
4, T. srpennata, Zurt.—lreland, Scarborough, etc., R. Pallets horny,
long ; auricles lobed.
. T. matixotus, Zurt.—Torquay, Rr. Pallets shelly, mallet-shaped ;
valves narrow. :
6. T. patuutata, Lamk.—T. bipalmulata.—Floating wood, Ire., S.
Eng. Pallets horny, short; valves small, shaped lke 7. xava/is.

or

XytopHaca. In fixed and floating timber.

7. X. porsauis, Zurt.—Ayrs., Dubl., Exm., Scarb., etc., C. Two
dorsal plates, no tube, no pallets.

Puotas. Pierces and inhabits stone.

8. P. Dacrytus, Linn.—P. hians, P. callosa.—Kng., Scot., Ire., C.
Dorsal plates four ; hinge pitted.

9. P. canpipa, Linn.—Eng., Scot., Ire.,C. One dorsal plate ; valves
not beaked.

10. P. parva, Penn.—P. callosa, P. tuberculata——Salcombe, Belfast,
Cornwall, etc., M. C. One dorsal plate; valves beaked.

11. P. crispata, Linn.—P. bifrons.—Hastings, Liverp., Scarb., Dubl.,
Forth, ete., C. No dorsal plate; valves broad, beaked, with
oblique division.

13. P. srrtara. Rare and doubtful as British. Valves closed.

PuHotapipEa. Pierces and inhabits stone.

12. P. papyracea, P. Loscombiana, P. Goodalli.S. Devon, N. Ire., R.
Valves closed, with a cup. P. damellata, Turt., when young,
not closed ; no cup.

GastrocH#Nna. Bores and inhabits stone, thick shells, etc.

14. G. moprotina, Lamk.—G. Pholadia, G. hians, Mya dubia, Mytilus
ambiguus, Pholas faba.—Torbay, Birterbuy, Galway, Weymouth,
etc. Valves thin, gaping, enclosed in bottle-shaped tube.

6

Saxicava. Bores and inhabits stone.

Fig.

15. S. rucosa, Linn.— Mytilus r., Hiatella r., 8. gallicana, §. pholadis,
peli is pholadis, Mya byssifera—"Eng., Scot., Ire., C. Valves
oval.

16. S. arorica, Linn.—(Mya) Hiatella a., Anatina a., Hiatella minuta,
Solen minutus, S. rhomboides, Agina purpurea, Solen p.—K"Eng.,
Scot., Ire., C. Valves rhomboidal ; angle serrated.

Omitted.—S. fragils, Nyst. Not the young of S. rugosa. Vigo Bay.

Perricota. Inhabits stone.

17. P. rirnopnaca, Retz.—P. striata, costellata, rocellaria, ruperella,
Lamk., Mya and Sphenia decussata.—Cork, Bristol, R. as British.

Venerupis. Bores and inhabits stone.

18. V. Irus, Zinn. (Donax).—Tellina cornubiensis, Cuneus foliaceus,
Petric., and Pullastra, 1.—In limestone at Plymouth and other
southern coasts. Wedge-shaped.

Mya. Burrows in mud and sand.

19. M. truncata, Linn.—WM. ovalis and Sphenia Swainsoni (young).
—Various localities and depths, C. Truncated at end.
20. M. arenarta, Linn.—Herne Bay, Portsmouth, ete.,C. Tapering
at end.
Panop#a. Burrows in mud.

21. P. norvecica, Spengl.—P. glycimeris, P. arctica.—Scarborough,

Zetland (90 fath.), Rr. Quadrate.
21*, P. Atprovann1, Lams.—Cornwall, one specimen, Jeffreys. Oblique.

Corsuta. Dredged in mud and sand.

22. C. nuctnus, Lamk.—C. striata, Mya, and C. inequivalvis.—Dublin,
Torquay, Forth, 4 to 80 fath., C. Valves unequal, beaked.

23. C. rosea, Brown.—Weymouth, Rr. as Brit. Valves not beaked.

24. C. ovata, Forbes.—Isle of Man, Rr. Oval, truncated at end.

Spuanta. Burrows in foliaceous shells.

25.8. Bryenamt, Zurt.—Corbula B.—Torquay, Guernsey, Swansea,
Forth, etc., R.

Nera. Lives incrusted in sand.

26. N. cosrertata, Desh.—Corbula c. N. sulcata.—Loch Fyne, Rr.
Radiately 3-ribbed.

27. N. cusprpata, Olivi.—Forth, Northumberland, Cape Clear, etc.,
Mr. Pear-shaped.

28. N. appreviata, Morbes—Loch Fyne, Mc. Radiately 1-ribbed.

BRITISH SHELLS. PLM.

G.B. Sowerby .

PLATE II.

Poromya. On mud, in deep water.
Fig.
1. P. eranutata, Vyst.—P. anatinoides, Forbes.—Skye, R.
1*, P. suprricona, Jeffreys—Shetland, Mr. Minute, posteriorly ex-
panded. See Pl. IX.

Panpora.

2. P. rostrata, Lamk.—Tellina inequivalvis, Linn.; P. margaritacea
and inaquivalvis.—S. Devon ?, Guernsey, R. as Brit. Valves long.

3. P. oprusa, Leach.—Solen Pinna, Mont.—S. Devon, Dorset, Mc.
Tre., R. Valves short and broad.

Lyonsta. With byssal attachment.

4. L. Norvectca, Chemn.—Mya and Anatina n., Mya and Anatina
striata, M. nitida, Lyonsia elongata, Myatella, and Osteodesma.—
Tenby, Bantry, Oban, ete., 5 to 80 fath. With movable ossicle
on hinge.

Turacta. Laminarian and Coralline.

5. T. pisrorta, Mont.— (Mya) Anatina and Amphidesma d., Th.
truncata. — Distribution general, but not common. Short,
truncated, irregular.

6. T. convexa, Wood.—(Mya) Anatina and Amphidesma c., T. de-
clivis.—S. Devon, Bantry Bay, Arran, etce., Mc. Inflated.

7. T. pHasrotina, Lamk.— Amphidesma p., T. declivis. — Various
localities and depths, C. Oval, obliquely truncated.

8. T. pupescens, Pult.—(Mya) Anatina and Amphidesma p., T. de-
clivis.—S. Devon, Cornwall, Belfast, etc., C. Oblong, straightly
truncated.

9. T. vittiosutca, Macgilliuray. — T. ovata, Brown. — Exmouth,
Swansea, Bantry Bay, ete. Various depths, Mc.

CocutopresmMa. lLaminarian and Coralline.

10. C. prarenve, Pult.—(Mya) Anatina, Ligula, and Amphidesma pr.
—Dorset, Devon, Man, Bantry B., Oban, etc., (25 to 60
fath.), R. Spoon-shaped process on hinge.

CrraTIsoLEN. Burrows in sand.

11. C, pecumeEn, Linn.—(Solen) Psammobia and Solenicurtus t.—Ex-
mouth, Swansea, Bantry, etc., C. Hinge nearly central.

5 SoLen. Burrows perpendicularly in sand.

ig.

12. 8. pettucipus, Penn.—Various British localities, 6 to 100 fath.
Curved; hinge not terminal.

13. S. ensis, Linn.—Kng., Scot., Ire., generally 5 to 15 fath., C.
Arched and slender.

14. 8. marernatus, Pult.—sS. vagina, Penn., not Linn.—Hxmouth,
Clyde, Cork, etc., littoral to 10 fath., Mc. Straight, with ter-
minal constriction.

15. 8. str1qua, Linn.—S. novacula, 8. ligula—Eng., Scot., Ire., many
places ; littoral and laminarian, C. Straight, end not constricted.

Dioponta.

16. D. rraciiis, Linn.—(Lellina) Psammobia f., Tellina jugosa and
ochroleuca.—Dublin, Tenby, Weymouth, R. Oval or wedge-
shaped.

16*. D. Baresi, Jeffr—Arran, Rr. Minute, subquadrate.

SoLEcuRtTUus.

17. 8S. coaroratus, Gmel.—S. cultellus, 8. emarginatus, 8. antiquatus,
etc.—Torbay, Anglesea, Man, Skye, ete., R. Oblong, smooth.

18. 8. canprpus, Renieri.—(Solen) 8. strigilatus, Turt., not Linn.,
Psammobia scopula.—s. Devon, Dublin, etc., R. Striated.

SynpDOsMYA.

19. S. prismavica, Mont.—(Ligula) Mya and Amphidesma p.—Wey-
mouth, Forth, Dublin, Antrim, etc., littoral, Mc. More pointed
and narrow than S. zatermedia.

20. S. renurs, Mont.—(Mactra) Amphidesma t.—Dorset, Scarborough,
Antrim, etc., 5 to 100 fath., Mc. Short, subtrigonal.

21. 8S. inrermepia, Thompson.—Mya and Syndosmya nitida, Abra pro-
Jundissina.—In mud, 6 to 100 fath., Zetland, Skye, Cape Clear,
etc., R. Broader and more pointed than S. prismatica.

22. 8. aupa, Wood.—(Mactra) M. and Amphidesma Boysii and A.
album.—Brit. co. generally, C. Short, rounded, oval.

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PLATE III.

Psammosia. Inhabits sand and mud.

Fig.

1. P. rerroEnsis, Chema.—(Tellina) T. incarnata, 7. radiata, T.
trifasciata, T. truncata. — Brit. co. generally ; coralline, C.
Oblong, keeled and angulated behind.

2. P. cosrutata, Zurt.—P. discors.—Torbay, Cornwall, Skye, etc., R.
Ribbed behind.

3. P. Tetrinetta, Lamk.—P. florida.—Exmouth, Guernsey, Tenby,
Bantry B., Oban, Zetland, ete., 5 to 50 fath., C. Oval, smooth.

4. P. Vuspervina, Chemn.—(Lux V.) Solen, Sanguinolaria V., Tellina
depressa, variabilis——Weymouth, Scarborough, Tenby, Bantry,
etc., Guernsey, C. Not angular nor keeled behind.

TELLINA.

5. T. crassa, Penn.—T. maculata, T. rigida—S. Devon, Guernsey,
Man, Tenby, Bantry, Forth, etc., low-water to 15 fath., C.
Thick, orbicular.

6. T. Bataustina, Zinn.—Birterbuy, Skye, Exmouth, Rr. as British.

7. 'T. ponactna, Linn.—T. trifasciata, 7. variegata, T. Llantivyi.—
Various British loc., and S. Europe, 5 to 50 fath., C. Wedge-
shaped.

8, 9. T. proxima, Brown.—Var. T. calearea (9), T. ovalis, 7. sordida,
Sanguinolaria sordida, Macroma tenera.—Skye, etc., R.

10, 11. T. pyamaa, PhidDevon, Cork, Shetland, etc., 8 to 50 fath.,
C. Smaller, more convex, and more truncate than 7. donacina.

12, 13. T. tenuis, Da Costa.—T. planata, T. polita, T. exigua.—On
sandy shores, in various localities, C. Flat, thin.

14. T. incarnava, Linn.—T. squalida, T. depressa.—Devon, Bantry,
Tenby, R. Flat, beaked.

15. T. sonrpuna, Pult—T. rubra, Da Costa, 7. carnaria, T. zonata,
Psammobia solidula, T. Balthica.—Al\l British coasts ; littoral,
C. Thick, inflated.

16. T. raBuLa, Gronovius.—T. discors.—On sandy shores generally, C.
Valve with oblique strize (omitted by error).

ERvILiia.
17. E. casranza, Mont.— (Donax) Mesodesma c., Capsa c.—Cornwall
and Scilly Isles, R. Ligament within.
ScROBICULARIA.

18. S. prrerrra, Gme/.Generic syn. : Mya, Venus, Trigonella, Mactra,
Lutraria, Listera.—Specitic syn.: /aspanica, borealis, plana,

gaditana, Listeri, compressa.—Scarborough, Southend, Swansea,
Cork, Clyde, C. Broad, compressed.

Donax.

. D. anatinus, Lamk.—D. trunculus, Linn.?, Cuneus vittatus, D.
ruber (young).—Brit. co. generally, sandy shores, C. Broad ;
margin crenulated.

. D. vorrrus, Poct.—(Tellina) D. and Capsa complanata.—S. Devon,
Bantry Bay, etc., Mr. Smooth; inner edge not crenated.

Macrra. Lives on sandy beaches.

. M. srutrorum, Linn.—(Cardium) Tellina radiata, Trigonellar., M.
cinerea, M. magna.—British co. generally, C.

. M. utuietica, Brown.—British co. generally, C. Oval.

. M. suprruncata, Costa.—WM. lactea, M. triangula, M. crassatella.
—Brit. co. generally, C. Obliquely cuneiform.

. M. uetvacra, Chemn.—M. glauca, M. neapolitana.—Odd valves
found dead in Cornwall, R. Large, obliquely oval.

. M. sottpa, Linn.—Trigonella zonaria and gallina.—Brit. co. ge-
nerally, C. ‘Trigonal, thick.

. M. rruncata, Mont.—Forth, Cork, Cornwall, etc., C. Trigonal,
deep, thick.

BRITISH SHELLS, PLD.

GB. Sowerby

PLATE IV.

Lurraria. Inhabits mud. -
Fig.
1. L. rvrermepta?, Sows.—Perhaps only the young of L. edliptica.
2. L. erurptica, Lamk.—Mactra lutraria, Linn.—Scarborough, Tor-
bay, Dublin, Forth, Lerwick, ete., C. Broad, oval.
3. L. optonea, Chemn.—(Mya) L. solenoides, L. hians, Mactra hians,
Chama magna.—Cornwall, Devon, etc., Mc. Arched, narrow.

Taprs. Burrows in mud and stone.

4, 5. T. putnastra.— Wood.—Venus pullastra, V. perforans (var. f-
4), Venerupis, nucleus, Pullastra vulgaris, etc.—Plymouth, Scar-
borough, Swansea, Forth, ete., C.

6. T. pecussata, Linn.—(Venus) V. litterata, V. florida, Venerupis
and pullastra d.—S. Devon, Weymouth, Tenby, etc., Mc. Ob-
long, coarsely decussated.

7. T. aurea, Gmel.—(Venus) V. nebulosa, V. enea, V. nitens, V. si-
nuata, Pullastra a.—Cornwall, Sussex, Bantry Bay, Loch Ryan,
Me. Yellow within.

8. T. viremnea, Linn. — (Venus) V. rhomboides, V. sarniensis, V.
virago, Cuneus fasciatus. — Various British loc., C. Pink
within.

Lucrnoprsis, Forbes and Hanley. Sandy ground.

9. L. unpata, Pennant.—(Venus) V. sinuosa, V. incorrupta, Lucina
undata.—Exm., Scarborough, Man, etc., 5 to 80 fathoms, M.R.
Orbicular, flexuous at side.

ARTEMIS.

10. A. nxonera, Zinn. — (Venus) Cytherea e. Pectunculus capillaceus.
—Sandy ground, on Brit. co. generally, low-water to 80 fath.,
C. Compressed ; striz coarse.

11. A. rincra, Pult.—(Venus) V. sinuata, Cytherea sinuata.—Various
Brit. loc., C. Dorsal edge sloping ; striz fine.

VENUS.

12. V. castna, Linn.—V. reflewa, V. lactea, V. discina.—Northumber-
land, S. Devon, Man, Bantry, Skye, etc., Mc. Concentrically
laminated.

13. V. verrucosa, Linn.—V. erycina, V. cancellata, etc. — Devon,
Cornwall, Channel Isls., etc., C. Ventricose, warted.

14. V. wascrata, Donov.—Various southern Brit. loc., C. Round,
with thick ribs.

15. V. ovata, Pennant. — Brit. co. generally, C. Oval, radiately
ribbed.

16. V. srrtata, Donov.—V. gallina, V. Pennantii, V. rugosa.—Brit.

co. generally. Shores and deep water, C.

ASTARTE.

17. A. rrianeuLaris, Mont.—Mactra and Goodallia, minutissima and
triangularis.—Northern parts of Britain, 15 to 20 fathoms, C.
Minute, triangular.

18. A. eLuprica, Brown.—Crassina e., Crassina ovata, and C. sulcata.
Scotland, 5 to 10 fath., mud, M. C. Oblong, smooth near the
margin. ;

19. A. suncata, Costa.— (Pectunculus) V. scotica and Damnoniensis,
Crassina sulcata, etc. — Devon, Cornwall, Bantry, etc., C.
Thickly ribbed.

20. A. compressa, Mont.—(Venus) Venus and Crassina Montagui, Cy-
prina comp.—Scarborough, Northumbria, Bantry Bay, Firth of
Forth, 7 to 40 fath., M. C.

21. A. crepricosrata, Morbes.—Zetland and Skye (dead), R. Ribs
more numerous than in A. sudcata.

22. A. arctica, Gray.—(Crassina) Venus borealis, Astarte compressa.—
Aberdeen, Zetland, St. Andrew’s bay, etc., Rr. Lenticular, not
ribbed.

CYTHEREA.

23. C. cutonr, Linn.—(Venus.) — Plymouth, 8. Devon, Falmouth,
Carnarvon, 12 to 20 fath., Mr.

BRITLS EH

SHELLS

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Pil .Vv.

PLATE V.

CYPRINA.
Fig.
1, C. isnanpica, Linn. (Venus.)—C. vulgaris, V. mercenaria.—Brit,
co. generally, most abundant north, 5 to 80 fath. Oval, with
thick epidermis.

CIRCE.

2. C. mintma, Mont. (Venus.)—Gen. Cyprina and Cytherea triangu-
laris, apiciahis, Cyrillii, minuta.—Guernsey, Cornwall, Milford
Haven, Clyde, Bantry Bay, etc., 10 to 50 fath., C.

TsocaRDIA.

8. I. cor, Linn. (Chama.)—I. hibernica, Cardita cor— Dublin, Skye,
etc., Mc. Heart-shaped, beaks coiled,

Carpioum, or Cockle.

4, C. premaum, Donovan.—C. exiguum.—Herne, Sark, \Weymouth,
Zetland, Bantry Bay, 5 to 50 fath., Mc. Hinder side large,
angular.

. C. partntosum, Poli.—Guernsey, St. Martin’s Port, Jeffreys, R.
Rather rounded, equally ribbed and grained.

6. C. puncratum, Broc., C. Noposum, Turt.—C. scabrum, Ph._—HEx-
mouth, Falmouth, Galloway, etc., Mc. Angular behind.

7. C. rasctatum, Mont.—C. elongatum, C. ovale, C, parvum, C. rue
brum (young).—Various Brit. loc., Mr.

8. C. suzcicum, Loven.—C. Swediense, Reeve, C. Loveni, Thompson.—
Down, Oban, Zetland, 30 to 70 fath., Rr. Oval, equally ribbed.

9. C. acuLzatum, Linn.—C. ciliare and parvum (young).—S, Devon,
Mc. Thin, oblique, with thorn-like tubercles ; interstices of
ribs smooth.

10. C. rusticum, Linn,—C., tuberculatum, Linn.?—Paignton, Torbay,
Velvet Strand, Dublin co., Mc. Thick, not oblique, coarsely
wrinkled.

10. ncuinatum, Linn.—C. mucronatum, C. spinosum.—Brit. co. gene-
rally, mud and sand, 7 to 80 fath. Oblique, wrinkled ; hinder
tubercles sharp.

12. C. eputn, Linn,—C. vulgare, C. zonatum, C. obliquum, C. crenula-
tum, C. rusticum.— Brit. co. generally. Common eatable, Cockle.

13. C. Norvecicum, Spengler—C. levigatum, C. serratum, C. oblon-
gum, C. Pennantii.—Bnit. co. generally. Sand and gravel, 15 to
$0 fath. Smooth, yariegated when young.

or

(4

Lucia,

Fig.

TA L. prvaricata, Linn. (Tellina.)—Cardium areuatum, L. arcuata,
commutata.—Near Falmouth, 20 fath., Rr. Rounded, with di-
verging ribs. ;

15. L. rtexvosa, Mont. (Tellina.)\—Venus sinuosa, Amphidesma flex-
uosa, L. sinuata; gen. Cryptodon, Axinus, and Ptychina. —
Clyde, Bantry, Anglesea, etc., 7 to 80 fath., Mc. Thin, with a
fold behind.

16. L. BorEatts, Linn. (Venus.)—Tellina radula, Lucina r., L. alba—
Many Brit. loc., 1 to 90 fath., C. Lenticular, concentrically
laminated.

17. L. tnucoma, Turt.—L. lactea, not Linn., Loripes lactea.—Torbay,
Scarborough, Bantry Bay, ete., low-water to $0 fath.,C. Round,
smooth.

18. L. sprntrera, Mont. (Venus.)—Myriea s., L. hiatelloides.—Dart-
mouth, Plymouth, Hebrides, etc., 8 to 100 fath., M. R. Oval;
dorsal margin spinose.

Dretoponta, Mont.

19. T. rorunpata, Mont. (Lellina.)\—T. undata, Tucina r., D. dilatata.
—Dorset, Devon, Tenby, Bantry Bay, etc., 7 to 25 fath., R.

Crausina, Jeffreys.
20. C. rerrveinosa, Forbes, (Kellia.)\—Skye, Loch Fyne, etc., 30 to
100 fath., C. Concentrically ribbed, minute, oval.
21. C. croutinensts, Jeffreys.—Croulin Island, Shellands, R. Sub-
orbicular.
22. C. apyssticoxa, Jeffreys.—Not ribbed, R.

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5

GB. Sowerby

PLATE VI.

Monracura.

Vig.

Ie M. rerrvernosa, Mont. (Mya.)—W. oblonga, M. glabra, Tellimya
elliptica, Erycina f.—S. Devon, Scarborough, Tenby, Cape Clear,
etc., Mr. Wedge-shaped, long.

2. M. srpentata, Wont. (Mya.)—Erycina, Petricola, and Tellimya 6.
—Neweastle, Weymouth, Dublin, ete. Burrows in dead shells,
Mr. Short, subquadrate.

3. M. sussrriara, Mont. (Mya.)—Erycina and Tellimya s.—Devon,
Tenby, Durham, Zetland, Bantry Bay, ete., on spines of Spatan-
gus, deep water, C. Minute, with diverging striz.

TURTONIA,

4. T. minuta, O. Faubr. (Venus.)\—Mya purpurea, etc.—Scarborough,
Tenby, Cork, Oban, ete., C.

Kewita.

5. K. susorsicunarts, Mont. (Mya.)\—Bornia inflata, Tellina and
Tellimya s.—Anglesea, Portland, Zetland, etc., low-water to 60
fath., Mr.

6. K. tacrea, Brown, (Lellimya.)—Brit. co. generally. More ob-
long than K. sud.

7, 8. K. rusra, Wont. (Cardium.)—Poronia r., etc.—Numerous lo-
calities ; littoral, C.

Lupron.

9. L. squamosum, Mont.—Solen and Lutraria s.—Salcombe Bay,
Tenby, Cork, etc., R. Flat, subquadrate.

10. L. nrvipum, Zurt. (Kellia.)—Torbay, Skye, R. Less square and
flat than Z. squamosum.

11. L. convexum, Alder.—Bantry Bay, Rr. Convex, granulated.

12. L. Cuarxram, Clark.—Exmouth, Plymouth, Zetland, Rr. Minute,
oval, smooth.

13, L. suncatutum, Jeffr.—Annals, Feb. 1859. Guernsey, Mc. Con-
centrically wrinkled.

Gatromma. Adheres to rocks by byssus.
14, 15. G. Turron1, Sows.—Channel Islands, and Exmouth. Oblong,
gaping.
Cycrias. Inhabits fresh-water.

16, C. cornea, Linn. (Tellina.)—Spherium c., Scopoli, C. rivalis, ete.
—Ponds and ditches everywhere. Hquilateral, subquadrate.

Fig.
I(G

18.
IY),

20.

26.

27.
28.

C..pistpio1pEs, Gray.—C. cornea, var., Bnt. Moll.—Ditches and
ponds, C. Oblique, and light coloured.

C. rtvicota, Leach.—Cardium nux, etc.—Thames, etc. Large,
oval, wrinkled.

C. caticunata, Drap.—C. lacustris, ete.—Newcastle, Bristol, etc.,
Mr. With a ridge at the apex.

C. Lacostris, Drap.—pallida, Gray. — Regent’s Park, ete., Mr.
Oval, light.

Pistprum. Inhabits fresh-water.

. P. optusaLE, Pfeiffer —P. pusillum, var. ?
. P. pustntum, Turton, (Tellina.)—Cyclas fontinalis and gibba.—In

marshes and ponds at various places, C. Includes P. obtustale ?

. P. amnitcum, Miller, (Tellina.)\—T. rivalis, Cyclas palustris, C. ob-

liqua.—British rivers, etc., generally. C. obliqua ribbed.

. P. nrripum, Jennyns.—Battersea, Swansea, etc.,C. Thick, dark,

blunt.

. P. Henstowranum, Sheppard, (Tellina.)—~Cyclas appendiculata, P.

acutum.—Cambridge, Swansea, ete., R. With a projection on
the umbones.

P. PULCHELLUM, Jennyns.— Cyclas fontinalis, ete.—Various locali-
ties, C. Ridged.

P. crnereum, Alder.—Cyclas c.—Various localities, Me. Smooth.

P. noszum, Scholtz.—Various loc., with P. pulchelium and P. niti-
dum, M.C. Subquadrate ; animal pink.

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BRITISH SHELLS PL. VI,

PLATE VIL.

—

Unio, Fresh-water Mussel with hinge-teeth,

Fig.

i U. marearitivervs, Linn. (Mya.)—Alasmodon m., A. arcuata, U.
elongata, U. sinuata.—R. Conway ; rivers in Cumberland, Wales,
Treland, ete., Me. Long, thick, arched.

2. U. prcrorum, Linn. (Mya.)—U. ovalis, U. rostrata, U. limosus, U.
Deshayesii, ete.—Various British rivers, C. Long, oval, not
wedge-shaped behind.

3. U. rumipus, Retz.—Mya and Unio ovalis, M. depressa, M. ovata,
Myscei o., M. solida.—Vhames, and various British rivers, C.
More solid, deep, and wedge-shaped than U. pictorum.

Anoponta. Fresh-water Mussel, without teeth.

4, A, cvenna, Linn. (Mytilus.)—M. anatinus, M. stagnalis, M. pa-
ludosa, Symphonota cy.—Britain and Kurope generally, in rivers
and canals, C,

Dretssina, Beneden.

5. D. potymorpHa, Pallas, (Mytilus.) — London Docks, Edinburgh
Canal, C

Moptota, Lamarck.

6. M. Montotus, Linn. (Mytilus.)\—M. wmbilicatus, M. curtus, WM.
vulgaris.—British coasts generally, C. Large, brown, not rayed.
7. M. ovatis?, Sowb.—W. tulipa (radiata), var., Brit. Moll., now
named provisionally. Less tumid, and with longer and more
gradually sloped dorsal line than JZ. radiata, Rr.
8. Ms raprata, Hanley, Brit. Marine Conch. — M. tulipa, Brit.
Moll., Mc. Tumid, radiated.
9. M. Barpata, Linn. (Mytilus.)\—M. Gibbsii.—Jersey, Torbay, Mil-
ford Haven, Youghal, R. as Brit. Barbs of epidermis serrated.
10. M. pHaszorina, Philippi. — Guernsey, Falmouth, Scotland, Me.
Small barbs of epidermis not serrated.
11, M. cuprea, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1859.—In the stomach
of a bird shot at Scarborough, Rr. Minute, rhomboidal, smooth.

CRENELLA, Brown,
12. C. nigra, Gray, (Modiola.)—Mytilus and Modiola discrepans, de-
pressa, compressa, discors.—Scotland, R. Broad and compressed
behind.

Rig.

13. C. piscors, Linn. (Mytilus.)—Modiola d. and discrepans.—Brit. co.
generally, among seaweeds, C. Wedge-shaped and lobed.

14, C. marmorata, Forbes.—Mytilus and Mediola discors, discrepans,
and tumida.—Brit. co. generally, Ce. Rhomboidal, marbled.

15. C. cosrutata, Asso. — Exmouth, Cornwall, Swansea, Herm.
Wedge-shaped, marbled, strongly-ribbed.

16. C. rnomBea, Berkley, (Modiola.)\—M. Prideauxiana.—Guernsey,
Torbay, Penzance, ete. ; coralline, R.

17. C. pecussata, Montagu, (Mytilus.)—C. and Modiola elliptica,
cicercula, and faba.—Scarborough, and a few northern localities,
5 to 50 fath., Mc.; Norway, ete. Subquadrate, decussated,
minute.

Myrinus, Linn.

18. M. epuuis, Lian.—M. vulgaris.—Bnit. co. generally, Cc. Byssal
margin swelled.

19. M. uneutatus, Linn. Syst. Nat.—M. edulis, var. M. incurvatus
(Hoof-Mussel).—Cornwall, Guernsey, etc., Mr. Byssal margin
bent inwards, lower margin broad and straight.

20, 21. M. cattoprovinoratis, Lamk.—WM. edulis, var. M. dilatatus?,
M. pellucidus ? (young, f. 21), MW. subsaxatilis ?—British Chan-
nel, etc., C. Dorsal margin dilated, beak advancing.

BRITISH SHELLS PL. VI.

PLATE VIII.

Nucuta, Linn.

Fig.

ie N. nuctxvs, Linn. (Arca.)—N. margaritacea, Glycimeris argentea.
—Brit. co. generally, 7 to 90 fath., C. Thick, obtuse ; beaks ter-
minal.

2, N. pecussata, Sowerhy.—N. sulcata, N. Polii.—Hebrides, Loch
Fyne, Dublin Bay, 80 to 50 fath., Mr. Large, striated; beak
not terminal.

8. N. raprata, Hanley.—N. and Arca nucleus and radiata.—Torbay,
Milford Haven, Arran, etc., 10 to 70 fath., Mc. Prolonged an-
teriorly, rayed.

4. N. nrrrpa, Sowerby.—N. nucleus, var—Numerous British loc., 1
to 85 fath., C. Shining, ends rather pointed.

5. N. tenurs, Montagu, (Arca.)—North British co., 40 to 100 fath.,
sand, C. Thin, inner edge not crenated; beak terminal.

Lipa, Schum. Beaked behind.

6. L. caupata, Donovan, (Arca.)—Arca and Nucula minuta and ros-
trata.—North co., C.; south co., R. 10 fath. to deep water.
Ridged.

7. L. pyemma, Munster, (Nucula.)—N. and LD. tenuis, gibbosa, and len-
ticula.—Skye, Hebrides, Croulin Isl., 25 to 50 fath. Minute,
smooth. Size (omitted) one-fifth of an inch.

Arca, Linneus.

8, ®. A. tactrEa, Linn.—A. barbata, A: Modiolus, A. crinita, A. per-
Jorans, A. Gaimardii, var. f. 8; A. Quoyi, var. f. 9.—Penzance,
Ilfracombe, Bantry Bay, Guernsey, etc. Adhering to shells and
stones, 15 to 20 fath., C. Beaks approaching, radiately striated.

10. A. terracona, Poli.—A. Noa and imbricata.—Many Brit. loc., C.
(12 to 50 fath.). Broad area between beaks.

11. A. raripentata, S. Wood.—A. pectunculoides.—Skye, Hebrides,
etc., Scot. Cape Clear, 40 to 60 fath., Mr. Minute, teeth few.

12. A. Noputosa, Ph,—K. Zetland, Shetland Isls., Rr.

PECTUNCULUS.

18. P. crycrmeris, Linn. (Arca.)—A. and P. and Glycimeris pilosa,
orbicularis, undata, and marmorata.—Brit. co. generally, 15 to
60 fath., C.
Limopsis.

14, L. petiucrpa, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan, 59.—Dredged in
sand at Guernsey, Rr.

AvicuLa.
Fig.
15. A. ranentina, Lamk.—Mytilus and Avicula hirundo, etc.—Ban-
try Bay, Devon, etc., R.

Pinna.
16. P. pectinata, Linn.—P. fragilis, muricata, ingens, levis, papy-
racea, rotundata, elegans.—Dorset, Milford Haven, Hebrides,
Cape Clear; deep water, Mc.

OstREA.

17. O. nvutts, Linn.—O. vulgare, etc.—Various natural and artificial
beds, in England, Scotland, and Ireland. 'The common Oyster.

ANOMTA.

18. A. epHipetum, Linn.—A. electrica, A. squamula, cepa, ete.—Bnit.
co. generally, 1 to 30 fath.,C. Pearly and irregular ; beak margi-
nal, curved.

19. A. acutgata, Miiller.—A. striolata. — Brit. co. generally, Mc.
Small, with spinous sculpture.

20. A. srrtata, Lovén.—Hebrides, R. Rayed, striated, with apex not
marginal,

21. A. parentirormis, Linn.—A. undulata.—Cape Clear, etc., 1 to

50 fath., Mr. Fat, ribbed.

Lima.

22. L. supauricuLatTa, Montagu, (Pecten.)—L. nivea, sulcata, etc.—
Plymouth, Man, Zetland, Belfast, etc., Mr. Nearly straight.

23. L. urans, Gmel. (Vitrea.)—L. tenera, fragilis, aperta, ete.—Chan-
nel Isls., Penzance, Oban, Belfast, etc., Mc. Oblique, gaping
at sides.

24. L. LoscomBu, Sowerby.—Pecten and Ostrea and Lima fragilis and
bullata.—Many Brit. loc., 10 to 50 fath., Mc. Oblique, closed
at sides.

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GB. Sowerby.

PLATE IX,

Prcten. Free, except 1.

Fig,

i: P, pusto, Pennant, (Ostrea.)—P., O., and Hinnites distorius and
sinuosus. — Brit. co. generally, 15 to 90 fath., C. Trregular,
attached to stones, ete.

2, 8. P. varrus, Linn, (Ostrea.)—P. monotis.—Brit. co. generally,
3 to 35 fath.; C. Vertically elongate ; auricles very unequal.

4, P. niveus, Macgillivray.—Scotland, R, (15 fath.) Ribs more nu-
merous than P. varius ; white.

5, 6, 7, P. opercunaris, Linn. (Ostrea.)—O., and P. subrufus, pic-
tus, Uineatus (var, f. 6), and sanguinea.—Brit. co. generally, 5 to
100 fath., C. As broad as long; ribs rounded.

8. P. Aupourn, Payraudeau.—P. opercularis, var., B. Moll.—Ribs
angular and squamose.

9, 10. P. pantcus, Chemn.—P. and 0. pes-felis, glaber, triradiata, ad-
spersus, septemradiata, ete.—Several Scotch localities, 25 to 90
fath., Mc. Very variable, extreme vars. f.9,10. Auricles more-
equal than P, ¢igrinus.

11, 12. P. t1er1Nus, Miller.—P. obsoletus, domesticus, levis, parvus,
ete.—Brit. co. generally, 12 to 60 fath.,C. Variable; one auricle
minute, the other large and ribbed.

13, P. maximus, Linn, (Ostrea.)—P. vulgaris. ——Brit. co. generally, 3
to 40 fath, The common eatable Scallop. Valves unequal.

14, P. stmmis, Laskey —O, and P. twmidus——Fr. Forth, Isl. Man,
Lerwick, Cape Clear, etc., Mc. Minute, smooth, with undula-
ting marks.

15, P. srrtatus, Miiller.—P. aculeatus, fuci, etc.—Scotland, C,; Eng-
land,

16, P. rurtivus, Lovén.—Zetland, Guernsey, etc., 40 to 50 fath., Mr.
More rounded, and with auricles less-broadly based than P. s¢ri-
atus, : :

Hrprotnyris, Fixed by byssus.
17, H. psrrracea, Gmel. (Anomia.)—A. rostrum-psittaci, Chem. ; Tere-
bratula_psittacea.—Northumberland, Fr. Forth; deep water,
Rr. as Brit. ‘The Parrot’s-beak Anomia.”

TEREBRATULA. Fixed by byssus.

18. T. crantum, Miller—Anomia c., and T. vitrea—Zetland; deep
water, unique as Brit. Smooth, oval.

19. T. capsuta, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1859.—Belfast Bay,
R. Minute, punctured. j

Aretorg, or MncaTtHyrtis,

. T. Caput-sERPENTIS, Linn. (Anomia.)—A. and T. retusa, pubescens,
costata, and awrita.—Oban, Skye, etc., 20 to 50 fath., Mr.

. A. cistetLuLa, 8S. Wood. (Terebratula.)—A. seminulum ?, T.

. A. pecotiata, Chemn.—A. detruncata.—Guernsey, R.

. A. seminutuM, Philippi.—Croulin, near Skye, Jeffreys,

CRANIA.

. C. anomata, Miller. (Patella,)—Pat. Anomia, Discina, and. Criopus
distorta, ostreoides, personata, and rostrata.—Zetland, Arran,

Lerwick, Cork, Mr.

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PLATE X.

Hyatxa. Fam. Pteropoda.
Fig. 3 c :
1. H. rrtsprnosa, Lesweur.—Once taken on floating timber, Dublin.
Doubtful as British.

Sprrrais, or Peracty. Fam. Pteropoda.

2. S.Freminen, Morbes—Fusus retroversus, ¥l.—Zetland, Skye, Ar-
ran, Donegal, M. C. Snail-shaped.

3. S. Macanpret, /. and H.—Near Mizen Head, S. Ire., Rr. Tur-
reted.

4. 8. Jurrreysu, F. and H.—Brit. Channel, Rr. Discoid.

Cutron. Sedentary on rocks.

5. C. rascrcutaris, Zimn.—Brit co. generally, Mc. Tufted margin,
small, granules large. 5

6. C. craciuis, Jeffr. Ann. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1859. — Weymouth.
Narrow; granules very small; two postero-terminal tufts.

7. C. piscrepans, Brown.—crinitus, Pennant ? —Tenby, Guernsey,
C. Tufted margin, large: granules very small.

8. C. Hantey1, Bean.—Scarborough, Skye, W. Ireland, R. Spinose
margin. ;

9, 10. C. marmorgvs, O. Kabr.—C. latus, Lowe, C. levigatus, ruber,
and pictus. — Scarborough, Forth, Skye, Zetland, W. Ire., R.
Margin smooth.

11. C. tavis, Pennant.—C. marginatus, Pult., C. Achatina, Brown.
—Dorset, Devon; Brit. co. generally, but rare. Dorsally ele-
vated; margin reticulated.

12. C. ruber, Linn.—Brit. seas generally, Mr. Valves smooth; mar-
gin coriaceous.

13. C. crxzreus, Linn.—C. marginatus, Penn. ?—Brit. co. generally,
C. Valves carinated ; margin and valves granulated.

14. C. atBus, Linn.—C. asselloides, Lowe.—Northern coasts, R. Mar-
ginal granules scaly and large; dorsal gr. smaller than C. cznereus.

15, 16. C. assettus, Chemn.—C. minimus, Cinereus albus. — Brit. co.
generally, C. Broad, granules on valves beaded.

17. C. cancettatus, Sowerby.—C. albus, Pult.—Devon, Guernsey, Isl.
Man, Oban, Zetland, Loch Carron, R. Narrow, back elevated,
else like C. assedlus.

Parenia. (Limpet.) Sedentary.

18. P. vuneata, Linn.—Brit. generally, Uc. Ribs not toothed.
d

Fig.

19. P. arnietica, Bean.—Devon, Northumberland, etc., Cc. Ribs
toothed.

20. P. petiuctpa, Linn.—P. laevis, cerulea, Acmea pel.—British co.
generally, C. smooth.

— var. /evis, Penn.

Acmaa, or Lorria.

22. A. Testupinatis, Miiller.—P. Clealandi.—North Ire., C. Oval,
with tortoise-shell markings.
23. A. vinainga, Miiller—P. parva, pulchelia.—Brit. co. generally,
Me. Pale, pink-rayed, shallow.
Pruivrum, or TEectura.

24, P. rutvum, Miller.—P. Forbesii.—Clyde, Cork, Zetland, etc., R.

PRopiLiprum.
25, P. ancytorpe, Forbes.—Lamlash, Ayrshire, etc., R.

Dentatium, Linn.

26. D. enrauis, Linn.—Brit. co. generally, C. Smooth, small end
notched.

27. D. rarentinum, Lamk.—D. vulgare, striatum, labiatum, politum,
leve-—South coasts, C. Striated and entire at small end.
Prtnopsis, or CapuLus.

28. P. nunearicus, Linn.—Fool’s-cap Limpet.—S. Devon, and Br. co.

generally, C.
Catyprrma, Linn.

29. C. sinensis, Linn. (Patella.)—C. chinensis, albida, levigata.—S.
Brit., and Chan. Isls., R. With oblique septum.

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SHELLS, PL. XI.

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PLATE XI.

FissuRELLA.

Fig.

1. F. rericutata, Donov. (Patella.\—P. and F. Greca, apertura
(young), cancellata, europea. — Hebrides, Thanet, Devon, Tre-
land. On shells, etc., I to 15 fath., C. ,

2. F, cosrarta, Deshayes—Guernsey, R. More fine and numerous
ribs than /. reticulata. —

PUNCTURELLA.

3. P. Noacutna, Linn. (Patella.)—Cemoria Flemingii, Fissurella N.,
Rimula Flemingii, etc.—Scotland and Northumberland, 20 to
100 fath., R. With slit under apex.

HiMARGINULA.

4, E. rericutata, Sowerby.—Patella fissura, etc.—Brit. co. generally,
C. Conical, with slit in margin.

5. E. rosea, Bell.—E. pileolus, conica, capuliformis, etc-—Channel
Isls., Exmouth, Cornwall, etc., 7 to 25 fath., Mc. Curved,
coarsely cancellated. Red within.

6. E. crassa, Sowerby.—Loch Fyne, Oban and Belfast, 20 to 25
fath., Rr. Large, not cancellated.

Hatiorts, or “ Har-shell.”
7. H. rusercunata, Leim.—H. vulgaris, Channel Isls., Ce.

Trocuus.

8. T. zizypuinus, Linn.—C. conulus, C. diserepans, C. Lyonsii (white,
ribbed var.), etc. Brit. co. generally, low-water to 50 fath., C.
9. T. conutus, Linn.—Lincolnshire, Rr. More simply conical than
the most extreme forms of 7. zizyphinus.
10. 'T. araBastrum, Beck.—T. formosus.—Zetland, Lerwick, etc., 45
to 80 fath., R. White, with deep, plam, and beaded ridges.
11. T. mittecranus, Philippi.—T. Clealandi, T. Martini.—Brit. co.
generally, 15 to 90 fath., Mr. Granulated, whorls with proini-
nent margin.
12. T. cranuatus, Born.—T. papillosus, T. fragilis Channel Isls.,
Weymouth, Dublin, etc., R. Like 8, but grained.
13. T. srrtatus, Linn.—T. parvus, ete.—S. Brit., C. More finely
ribbed than 7. exiguus.
14. T. uxicuus, Pult.—T. exasperatus, minutus, etc. S. co., C.

25

. T. Montacut, Gray.—T. striatus, Forbes.—Scarborough, Exmouth,
Cape Clear, etc., C. Elevated, whorls tumid.

. T. rumipus, Mont.—T. patholatus, Rackettii, etc. Brit. co. gene-
rally, C. Short, whorls tumid, umbilicated.

. T. orvernus, Linn.—T. lineatus, T. perforatus, ete. — Brit. co.
generally, C. Littoral, small umbilicus.

. T. umsinicatus, Mont.—T. cinerarius, etc.—Guernsey, $8. and W.
Brit. co., C. Littoral, umbilicus large.

. T. masus, Linn.—T. tuberculatus.—Bnit. co. generally ; littoral, C.
Broad, tuberculated. Large umbilicus.

. T. nineatus, Costa.—T. crassus, ete.—Channel Isls., Devon. W.
Tre., Me. Smooth, imperforate.

Marearira, or Trocuus.

. M. unputatus, Sowerby.—Turbo carneus, M. striata, ete.—Scot-
land, 5 to 50 fath., Mc. Striated and undulated.

. M. neicinus, Fabricius—Turbo and Trochus neritoideus, margarita,
M. vulgaris, ete—Many Brit. loc. ; littoral, C. ,

.M. pustiius, Jeffreys—Lerwick, R., 10 to 40 fath. Minute,
white, depressed.

.M. nxiuis, Phil.—Shkenea. Cutleriana.—Guernsey, Skye, etc., R.
Globose, striated.

ADEORBIS.

. A. supcarinata, Mont.—(Helix) Trochus rugosus, Cingula sube.;
etc.—S. Brit. co., Mr. Depressed, keeled.

ScISSURELLA.
. 8S. crispata, Mem.—Zetland, etc., in sand, Me.

PHASIANELLA.

. P. puttus, Linn. (Turbo.)—T. pictus, Cingula p., ete.—Brit. co.
generally, C.

BRITISH SHELLS, PL.XH.

GB.Sowerby

PLATE XII.

Tantra. Floats on ocean.

Fig.

1. I. communis, Zamk.—Helix Ianthina, I. Jragilis, etc.—Cornwall,
Bristol, etc. ; oceanic, ©, Sides depressed.

2. I. srrrannica, Leech. Reeve. — Ireland, Cornwall, etc., Mr,
Darkly coloured, not compressed.

3. I. partapa, Harvey.—I. patula.—Clare, Rr. as Brit,

4. I, exteva, Lamk,—Cornwall, Clare, etc., Mr,

Neritina. In rivers.

5. N. rnuviatiuis, Linn.—N. fontinalis.—Thames, Trent, Humber,
etc., Scotch lakes, Ce,

Brrninra. In ponds.

6. B. Leacui, Shepp. (Turbo.)—B. ventricosus, Paludina acuta, simi-
is, etc.—Rivers S. Brit., Mr. Narrow, with rounded whorls.

7. B. rentacutata, Linn. (Helix.)—T. nucleus, Paludina impura, ete.
—Fresh-water, throughout Brit. Oval.

Patuptna. In ponds.

8. P. Lisrert, Forbes and Hanley.—Heliz vivipara, etc.—Lakes and
ponds generally, Mc. Whorls more separate, umbilicus larger
than P. vivipara.

9. P. vivipara, Linn.—Pal. achatina, etc.—Thames, etc., C.

Vatvata. In ponds.

10. ¥. prscinauis, Miiller—Nerita, Turbo, Cyclostoma fontinalis, ob-
tusa, thermalis, etc.—Fresh-water, O. Subglobose.

11. V. cristata, Miller. —V. planorbis, etc. —Many loc., Mc. Or-
bicular.

Litrortna. On the sea-shore.

12, 18. L. rupts, Donov. (Turbo.)—L. littoreus, etc., L. nigro-lineatus
(var. f. 13).—British shores generally, Ce.

14, 15. L. trrrorna, Linn. (Turbo.)—L. vulgaris, etc.—British shores
generally. The common eatable Winkle.

16, 17. L. teneBrosa, Mont. (Turbo). — British shores generally, C.
Not thickened at bottom of mouth like Z. rudis.

18. L. earuta, Jeffreys—L. labiata, L. jugosa, etc.—Common on
our shores.

Fig.

19. L. saxatinis, Johuston.—L. neglecta.—-Probably L. patula var.?

20, 21. L. uirroratis, Linn, (Turbo.)—T. neritoides, T. ustulatus, eto.
—Brit. co, generally, Depressed above.

22, L. Fasauis, Turt.—L. Beanii.—Young of L. littoralis?

28. L. nertrorpes, Lian. (Turbo.)\—T. petrea, L. carulea, etc.—Kent,
Sussex, etc., C, With white band.

24, L. pattrata, Say, (Puréo.)—Yarmouth, Mr,

Lacuna.

25, 26. L. purzotus, Purt. (Turbo.) —Cochklea, Helix, and Nerita parva,
Jfasciata, lacuna, rufa, etc.—Brit. shores, C. Globose.

27, 28. L. vincra, Mont. (Lurbo.)—T. canalis, quadrifasciatus, ete,—
Brit. co. generally, C,

29, L. crasstor, Mont. (Turbo.)—L. pallidus—Numerous Brit. co,
Thick, conical.

30, ————— var. ? of this rather than of C. vincta.

31, L. pattipuna, Costa, (Turbo,)—Brit, co. generally, C,

32. L. patuLa—Fry of L. pallidula ?

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BRITISH SHELLS PLXM.

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PLATE XIII.

ASSIMINEA.

Fig.

1A; Grayana, Jeffreys.—Limneus and Paludina G.—Greenwich and
other marshes.

2. A. uirrorna, Delle Chiaje, (Helia littorina.)\—Rissoa globularis and
littorea—On shore at Weymouth, Serk, Portland, Mr.

Rissoa, or CInGuLA.

8. R. utvm, Pennant, (Turbo.)—Helix, Cingula, Paludina, and Litto-
rina.—In brackish water, on British shores, C.

3%, var. subumbilicata, R.

4, R. Barwest, Jeffreys.—R. ulve var.—Loch Carron, Skye, R.

5. R. srrtatuta, Mont.—R., Turbo, Cingula, and Inttorina carinata
and monilis—Devon, Margate, Galway, Herm, etc., 0 to 7 fath.,
Mr.; S. Eu. Carinated.

6. R. crutcormes, Forbes.—R. sculpta—W. Scotland. Like R. zet-
tandica, but with outer lip crenulated; finely decussated.

7. R. zeruanpica, Mont. (Lurbo.)—R., Cyclostoma, Cingula scalari-
Sormis, Cyclostrema 2—N. Scotland, 0 to 60 fath., Me. Whorls
angulated.

8. R. crenunata, Michaud.—Turbo and R. cimea and cancellatus.—
Falmouth, Cornwall, Skye, Galway, C. Very coarsely cancellated.

9. R. catatnus.—Lorbes and Hanley.—Sheerness, Whitesand Bay, 15
to 50 fath., R. Finely cancellated.

10. R. Beantr, Hanley—Cornwall, Plymouth, Orkney, Galway, C.;
N. Eu. Striated.

11. R. aBysstcota, Forbes.—N, Scotland; deep water, R.

12. R. tactea, Michaud.—Turbo cancellatus.—Jersey and Medit., Rr.
Oval, plicated and striated.

13. R. puncrura, Montagu.— Turbo and Cingula and R. reticulata.
—Brit. co. generally, 10 to 20 fath.

14. R. cosrata, Adams.—R., Turbo, Cingula plicata, costata, and exigua.
—South co. Brit., S. Wales, Orkneys, Ireland, Channel Isls., 0
to 25 fath., C.

15. R. srrtata, Mont.—R., Turbo, and Cingula semicostata, minutissi-
ma, communis, gracilis, etc.—Bnit. co. generally, N, and S. Eu. ;
littoral C.

16, 17, 18. R. parva, Costa —T., C., and R. sublutea, lactea, alba,
etc., A. interrupta (var. f. 17), FR. Sarsiz, var. f, 18 (unique).—
Brit. shores generally, C.

19. R. cosrunata, Alder.—Turbo variabilis, R. similis,—Devon, Chan-
nel Isls., W. Ireland, ete., C.; S. Eu.

Fig.

20. R. ruritaBrum, Leach.—R. and C. hyalina and punctata.—Devon,
Belfast, etc., Mc.

21. R. tastosa, Mont. (Helix.)—T., C., and R. membranacea and cos-
tata.—Bnit. co. generally, C.

22, 23, 24, R. 1nconspicua, Alder.—R. albula and supra-costata, var.
f. 23, R. similis, var. 24, R. maculata.—Brit. co. generally, C.

25, R. spmisrrrata, Mont.—T. and R. pulchra and tristriata.—Brit.

shores generally, C.

26. R. crnertius, Mont. (Turbo.)—R., 7., and C. vittata, var., R. gra-
phica and R. rupestris.—Brit co. generally.

27. R. virres, Mont. (Turbo.)\—Helia glabrata, R. erystallina.—"x-
mouth, Oban, Birterbuy, ete., Mr. Hlongated, smooth.

28. R. proxima, Adder.—A rare Irish species. Elongated, striated.

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20

PLATE XIV.

Rissoa,—continued.

Rig.

ip R. vutcuerrima, Jeffreys.—Channel Isls., R.

2. R. sorura, PAilippi.itEixmouth, Bute, Cork, etc, R. Like &.

pulch., but with spiral striae.

3. R. Aupert, Jeffreys, Annals, Aug. 1858.—Skye, Rr. Larger and

more conical than #. soluta.

4. R. puLerpa, Adams, (Helix.)—Turbo and Cingula f-—Weymouth,

Arran, Cork, ete., Mr. Whorls rounded and banded.

5. R. anatina, Drap. (Cyclostoma.)—Paludina and Littorina a—
Very rare, Greenwich marshes.

. R. exuta, Jeffreys.—Chemnitzia Barleet, Clark.

. R. ventrosa, Wont. (Lurbo.)—Cyclostoma, Paludina, and Cingula
acutus, ventricosus, octona, stagnorum, ete.—Marine shores and
brackish-water marshes, Mc.

8. R. penticunata, Mont. (Lurbo.)—Herm, Rr.
9. R. unica, (Zurbo.)—Aclis u., Brit. Moll., Turritedla, Pyramis, and
Chemnitzia, R.—Devon, Cork, etc., Mr.
10. R. crasrata, Jeffreys.—N. sp.
11. R. casranna, Jeffreys.—N. sp.

“10

BaRLEEIA.
)

—
2

. B. rusra, Mem. (Cingula.)—Turbo, C., and Rissoa ruber, unifas-
ciatus, fulva.—Herm, Tenby, Dunbar, etc., 8. Hu., Mr.

J EFFREYSIA.

13. J. prapuana, Alder, (Rissoa.) — R. glabra. — Dublin, Swansea,
Northumberland, ete. ; littoral, R.

14. J. opatina, Jeffreys, (Rissoa.)—Channel Isls., R.

15. J. crosuxaris, Jeffreys.—Skye.

16. J. Gutsonaz, Clark, (Odostomia.)—Chemnitzia G.—Sandwith, Ler-
wick, Weymouth, etc., Guernsey.

HivomPHALUs.

17. KE. nrripissimus, Adams, (Helix.)—Shenea, B. Moll., Truncatelia
atomus.—Shetland to Channel Isls., Mc.
18. E. nora, Forbes and Hanley, (Skenea.) — Donegal, rare. Like a
minute Ammonite.
SKENEA.

19. S. pLanorsis, O. Madr. (Helix.) — Turbo, Sk. depressa.—Brit. shores
generally, on coastal Corallines, C. Flat, like a Planorbis.

Fig.

20. S. pivisa, Mem. (Turbo.) — Helix and Sk. serpuloides, Adeorbis
striatus.—Scarborough, Weymouth, Orkney, Galway, etc., 7 to
25 fath., Mr. Striated.

21. 8. cosrunata, Moller, (Margarita.)—Loch Fyne, Rr.

22. S. navis, Philippi, (Delphinula.)—Newcastle-on-Tyne, Rr.

ACLIs.

23. A. ascaris, Zurt. (Lurbo.)—Turritella, Alvania, and Pyramis supra-
nitida and acutissima.—Ireland, Tenby, Zetland, Mr.

24. A. supra-nitipa, S. Wood (Alvania.)\—Venby, Dublin, ete., Rr.

25, A. nrvipisstma, Mont. (Turbo.)—Turritella, Pyramis, and Chem-
nitzia.—Falmouth, Burrow Isl., R.

KULIMELLA.

26. EK. Scirza, Loven, (Lurbonilla.)—Eulima, Odostomia, Chemnitzia,
and Hulimella crassula, and Macandrei.—nN. Scotland, Croulin,
etc., 20 to 90 fath., R.

27. E. acicuna, Philippi, (Melania.)—FE., Chemn., Odost., and Eulima
clavula.—Skye, Rr.

28. HE. arrinis, Philippi, (Lulima.)—Pyramis, Odost., and E. gracilis,
levis.—Skye, Torbay, R.

29. E. cravuna, Lovén (Lurbonilla.) — Odostomia c.—Torbay, Rr.
Guernsey.

30. EK. oprtiscus, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1858.—Shetland.

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BRITISH

SHELLS PL.Xyv.

PLATE XV.

e TURRITELLA.

ig.

1. T. cornea, Lamk.—Z. communis, var., B. M.—Cork and Zetland,
Mr. Whorls less flat and less rapidly enlarged than 7. communis.
A white var. exists (7. nivea).

2, 3. T. communis, Risso.—T. cornea ?, T. Terebra. — Brit. co. gene-
rally; 4 to 100 fath., Ce. Aperture rather square.

APORRHAIS.

4, A. pes-peticant, Linn. (Strombus.)—A. quadrifidus, Tritonium, and
Rostellaria p.—Brit. co. gen.; N. and 8. Eu.; 4 to 100 fath.,
C. Outer lip with one anterior lobe.

5. A. pEs-caRBoNIs, Brongniart. — Rostellaria and A. p., and serres-
siana.—Zetland, 70 to 100 fath., R. Outer lip with two an-
terior lobes.

Cacum.

6. C. rracuea, Mont. — Dentalium and Orthocera imperforatum, C.
annulatus.—Devon, Weymouth, Scotland, Cork, ete., R.; S. Eu.
Ringed and striated.

7. C. crasrum, Mont.—C., Dentalium, and Orthocera minutum, and
levissimum.—Exmouth, Weymouth, Swansea, Lerwick, Bantry
Bay. Rare, smooth.

CrRITHIUM.

8. C. rericuLatuM, Costa, (Strombiformis.) —Murex and Terebra r.
—Brit. co. gen., 0 to 20 f., C. Narrow, and closely reticulated.
9. C. meraxa, Delle Chiaje—C. angustissimum. — Guernsey, R.; 8.
Eu. Lengthened, white.
10. C. apversum, Mont. (Murex.)—C., Triphoris, Turbo, and Zerebra a.,
perversus, and reticulatus.—W. and S. Brit., Channel Isls., ete.,
5 to 25 fath., Mr.

CERITHIOPSIS.

11. ©. ropercutarE, Mont. (Murex.) — Cerithium and Terebra t.—
Brit. co. gen.; S. Eu. ; 4 to 40 fath., Me. Three rows of tu-
bercles in the penultimate whorl.

12. C. CrarKiur, Hanley.—Exmouth, Rr. ‘Two rows of tubercles.

13. C. nivea, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1859.—In shell sand, Belfast,
R. Rather Buccinum-shaped.

14. C. mevuta, Lovén, (Cerithium.)—C. nitidum, Forbes.—Zetland, 50
to 80 fath., R. White, with angular whorls.

Fig.
15. C. putcugLta, Jeffreys.—- Falmouth, Plymouth, Guernsey, R.
Closely whorled and cancellated,

SCALARIA.

16. 8. communis, Lamk.—Turbo and Strombiformis clathrus and clath-
ratus.—S. co. principally, C. Laminarian zone, 8. Eu. Ridges
raised ; whorls separated.

17. S. er@nzanvica, Chemn. (Turbo.)—S. planicostata, subulata.—Frag-
ments only, N. Scotland, N. Eu. Grooved between ridges.

18. S. Turronts, Zurton.—Scarborough, Exmouth, Cork, etc., N. and
8. Eu., R. as Brit. Ridges flat.

19. S. Trevetyana, Leach.—N. Brit., 15 to 85 fath., Mr. Thin, with
ribs narrower than Se. Turtonis.

20. 8. cLarHratota, Mont.—S. Brit. and Channel Isls., Mr. Small,
white, with thin ribs.

STYLIFER.

21.8. Turton1, Brod.—Phasianella stylifera, Velutina s., 8. globosus
and astericola.—On spines of Hehinus sphera, Torbay and Ber-
wick, R. Glassy, thin.

Euia.

22. KE. porrra, Linn. (Heliv.)—Strombiformis, Turbo, Rissoa, and Pha-
sianella p. and albus, Boscii and anglica.—Ireland, S. Brit., E.
Scot., N. and S. Eu.,7 to 50 fath., Mr. Rather solid.

23. E. pisrorta, Deshayes.—Brit. co. gen., Mc.; 12 to 90 fath.; N. and
S. Eu. Small, tortuous.

24. H. srenostoma, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1858.—Zetland and Nor-
way, Rr. Thin, with rapidly increasing whorls.

25. H. susuiata, Donov. (Lurbo.)—Strombiformis, Helix, and Melania
s. and glaber, trifasciatus, Donovani, and lineata.—S. and W.
Brit., Ire., Zetland, Medit., 10 to 80 fath., Mr. Whorls deep,
banded.

26. E. promeata, A/der.—Or F. subulata, var—Northumberland, etc.
Whaorls more swelled than #. sw., two-banded.

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BRITISH SHELLS PL. XVI.

GB Sowerhy

PLATE XVI.

CHEMNITZIA,

Fig.

i C. puecantissima, Mont. (Lurbo.)—T. lacteus, Linn.?, 7. acutus.
—Brit. co. generally ; not deep, C. Interstices of longitudinal
ribs smooth,

2.C. smimus, Mont. (Turbo.)—C. gracilis, Phil. More slender
and minute than f. 1.

3. C. pustnna, Phil. Moll. Sic. 2. p. 224. pl. 28. f. 21.—More stout
than f. 1, with the ribs straight and broad. Medit., Brit. ?

4, 5. C. nura, Phil,—And var. C. fulvocincta (f.5).—Brit. co, gene-
rally, 15 to 50 fath., Mc. Spiral grooves between ribs.

6. C, vormosa, Jeffreys, (Odostomia.) —Swansea, Shellness, Bantry
Bay, etc., Mr. Grooved between ribs, excavated at suture. -

7. C. renestrata, Forbes and Jeffr. (Odostomia.)—Torbay, etc., R.
With pits between spiral ridges,

8. C. nurEescens, Forbes.—Odostomia and Turritella indistincta and
scalaris.—Clyde, Hebrides, Oban, 15 to 50 fath., R. More
stout than C. rufa. Three-banded.

9. C. scatanis, Philippi, (Melania.)—Kixmouth, Guernsey, Medit., Bi.
Ribbed; whorls angular above.

10. C. craturata, Jeffreys.—Birterbuy Bay, R. Lower part of whorls
spirally grooved between ribs.

11. C. uypistineta, Mont. (Lurbo.)—Odost., Turritella, Terebra, and
Pyramis truncata and speciosa, etc.—Brit. co. generally, 5 to 40
fath., Mr,; S. Hu. Ribs curved, striated between.

TRUNCATELLA.

12. T. supcytrnprica, Linn. (Helix.)—T. Montagui, Turbo truncatus,
subtruncatus, Cyclostoma truncatulum, Turritella t. and s., ete,—
Weymouth, S, Devon, Scarborough, etc., C.

Natica.

13. N. neticomes, Johnston.—Scotland, Scarborough, etc., 15 to 40
fath., R.; N. Eu. Thin-grooved suture.

14. N. Montacut, Morbes.—Nerita rufa, Natica r. and rutilla.— Prin-
cipally northern loc. In sand and gravel, 12 to 90 fath., Mr.
Small, stout.

15. N. Kinent, Forbes and Hanley.— Northumberland, unique, Je/-
Sreys coll.

16, N. nrvma, Donovan.— Nerita and Natica catena, nitida, Alderi,
glaucina, etc.— Brit. co. generally, 4 to 90 fath., C. Oblique,
marked with undulating lines.

Fig.

17. N. montursra, Lamk. — Nerita glaucina, catena, etc.—Near
water-mark, in sandy places generally, C. Whorls rounded.

18. N. sorpipa, Phil.—N. fulva, plumbea, ete.—Scilly, Cape Clear,
Zetland, etc., 25 to 90 fath., R.

19. N. pusttta, Say.—WN. Grenlandica, livida, alba.—N orthumberland,
Yorkshire, N. Eu., 45 fath., R. White; umbilicus small.

RECLUZIA.
20, R. apErta, Jeffreys.—Natica aperta, Lovén ?—Zetland, Rr.

VELUTINA,
21. N, umvieata, Linn. (Heliv.)— Bulla, Velutina, etc.—Brit. co,
generally, 1 to 30 fath., N. Eu., C.
22. N. rrexiuis, Mont. (Bulla.)—Coriocella and Sigaretus plicatilis.—
N, Scot., 25 fath., Rr.

LAMELLARIA.

28. L. perspicua, Linn.—Heliz, Bulla haliotoidea, Sigareta and Co-
riocella neritoideus.—Brit. co. generally, but R.; 1 to 15 fath.,
Mr. ‘Thin, glassy, more ventricose than LF. tentaculata.

24, L. renracutata, Mont,—Sig. and Cor.—Falmouth, Swansea, Ar-
ran, etc. Laminarian, Mr. Upper whorls less full than L. per-
spicua,

Orina.

25, O. otts, Turt. (Helix.)—Velutina, Galericulum ovatum—Wales,
Devon, Channel Isls., Clare, etc., Me. Littoral.

TRICHOTROPIS.

26, T. BOREALIS, Broderip and Sowb.—T. and Murex carinatus, umbili-
catus, acuminatus, etc.—N. Scotland, W. Ireland, 15 to 80 fath.,

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GB. Sowerby

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. BRITISH

PLATE XVII.

Oposromta.

Hig.

1. O. untpentata, Mont. (Turbo.)—Voluta u., O. plicata.—Brit. co.
generally, Mc. Rather conical. Tooth strong; no epidermis.

2.0. rurrita, Hanley, Brit. Mar. Conch. — O. unidentata, var.
B. M.—R. More lengthened than No. 1.

8, 4. O. acura, Jeffreys. — Torbay, Loch Fyue, Galway, etc., Me.
Strong, conical. Suture deep.

5. O. pricara, Mont. (Turbo.)—Voluta p., V. plicatula, O. Anna,
Jaminia p., ete., Me.—Saleombe, Swansea, Dublin, Aberdeen,
Me. ‘Turreted. Narrow, thin.

6. O. ryscutera, Mont. (Turbo.) — Voluta, Jaminia, and O. ins.—
S. Devon, Oban, Hebrides, etc., R. Conical, spirally striated.

7. O. patuma, Mont. (Lurbo.)—Vol., Cingula, Phasianella p., O. am-
bigua.—S. Devon, Rr. Broad. Tian, pillar straight.

8. O. conorpna, Brock.—Turbo, Odost., etc.—N. Scotland, Mc. S.
Devon, Mr. N.and 8. Ku. White. Whorls straight ; throat
striated.

9. O. consprcua, A/der.—Isl. Man, Whitburn, Herm. Coloured.
Whorls rounded ; throat striated.

10. O. rruncatuna, Jeffreys.—Plymouth. Hlongated.

11. O. cytryprica, Alder. — Turbo nivosus ?—S. Devon, Ilfracombe,
Guernsey, Cork, R. Cylindrical, few whorls.

12, 13. O. Eutimomes, Hanley—O. crassa, O. pallida (var. f. 13),
O. notata.—Brit. co, generally. Coralline zone, Mr. Ample
body-whorl.

14. O. pusta, Jeffr.—S. Devon, Lerwick, Guernsey, Mr. Rather large
body-whorl.

15, 16. O. area, Jeffreys, (and var.)—Swansea, Skye, Zetland, Guernsey,
Mr. Thin, whorls rounded.

17. O. niripa, A/der—S. Devon. Littoral, Mc. Aperture differently
formed from No. 17.

18. O. Luxisu, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1859.—Guernsey. Sub-
littoral and coralline, Me. Whorls tumid; a slight umbilicus.

19. O. cuaprava, Muh/feldt, (Helix.)—Rissou punetulum, ete.—Let-
land, R. Pillar-lip thin, arched.

20. O. r1ssorpes, Hanley.—O. sealaris.—Channel Isls., Devon, Corn-
wall, Tenby, etc., Me. Thin, conical, no umbilicus.

21. O. atpetia, Lovén.— O. rissoides, var., B. M.— Guernsey, S.
Devon, etc. Turreted, upper whorls more cylindrical than
No. 20.

22. O. opriqua, A/der.—Tynemouth, Guernsey, 7 fath. to deep water,
Rr. Thin, oblique.

f

Rig.

23, O. piapHana, Jeffr. Ann. Nat. Hist. New Ser. vol. i. p. 341.—R.
Manifestly distinct from No. 22.

24. O. srrtatata, Alder. — Northumberland, Rr. Conical, striated.

25. O. minima, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1, 1858.

26. O. rvrerstincra, Mont. (Turbo.)—T., O., Voluta, and Jaminia ca-
naliculata, oblonga, and dbtusa.—Brit. co. generally. Shallow
water, C. With longitudinal ribs.

27. O. por10LiroRMIs, Jeffr.—Scarborough, Exmouth, Swansea, Tenby,
Rr., Scotland. Oval, body-whorl very tumid.

28. O. Warrentt, Thompson, (Rissoa.)—-Turbonilla and O. obliqua, O.
decorata.—Dublin, 8. Devon, W. Scotland, R. Turreted. Mouth
oblique ; an umbilicus ; no fold or columella.

29. O. sprrtatis, Mont. (Lurbo.)—-Voluta and Rissoa s., pellucida, and
plicatula.—Brit. co. generally, not deep, Me. Whorls ribbed
longitudinally above, spirally beneath.

80. O. pucussata, Mont. (Turbo.)—T. Helix, Rissoa and O. arenaria,
pellucida ?, and d.—Exmouth, Lerwick, ete., R. Ribbed and
spirally striated.

81. O. excavara, Phil. (Rissoa.)—R., O., and Oingula Harveyi and
Deshayesiana.—Dublin, Arran, Guernsey, R. Largely sculptured.

PL. XV.

Ss

SHELL

BRITIS |]

I

SOWe?

= co

jor)

7

PLATE XVIII.

TRITON.

. T. curaceus, Zinn—Channel Isls., Rr. as Brit. Mr. Lukis’s spe-

cimen taken living off Guernsey.

. T. Nopirerus, LZamk.— Guernsey; three living
incrusted with Lepralia coccinea (truly British),
specimen reduced,

Murex.

specimens, one
Mr. Jetfrey’s

. M. ertaceus, Linn.—Purpura scalata, var. M. Tarentinus.—Brit,

co. generally; 5 to 30 fath., C. N. and S, Hu.

. M. corattinus, Scacchi.—Fusus and M. lavatus, inconspicuus, gyri-

nus, and badius ?—Channel Isls. and S, Ku., C.
M, rupts. See Zrophon.

Purpura.

. P, vapitius, Linn. (Buccinum.)—B. and P. filosum, imbricatum,

and ézzonalis.—In crevices on shores, Brit. co

and S. Hu, C.

Lacuasis.
. L. minima , Mont. (Buceinum.)—B. brunneum, B.

. generally, N.

rubrum, Nesea

granulata, mamillata, Fusus minimus, ete.—Channel Isls. and S.

Brit., on shores, S. Eu.

Buccinum.
. B. Horsori1.—Mangelia H—Cornwall, Rr.

8. B. unpatum, Linn.—B. striatum, anglicanum, pyramidale, impe-

14

riale, ete.—Brit. co. generally, shores, Cc. N.

Eu. and Am.

. B. acuminatum, Brod.—B. undatum var., B. M.—Rr.
. B. cruratum, Fabr. (Tritonium.)—Shetland, deep water, R. More
thin than No. 9; with strie finer, and hairs of epidermis tufted

minutely.

. B. rustrorme, Brod.—Cork, Wexford, Rr. Tur
white, ribbed, striated.

reted, fusiform,

. B. Daet, Sowerby.—B. ovum, Halia Flemingiana. — Torbay,

Northumberland, Aberdeen, etc., R. Ventricose

. B, Humpureystanum, Bennett.—Tritonium H.—Cork, Skye, Ban-

try Bay, R. Light, smooth.

Fusvus.

. F. Berniciensts, King. — Northumberland, Rr.
open pink mouth.

Carinated, with

Fig.
. F, Norveetcus, Chemn. (Strombus.) — Tritonium n.—Scarhorough,
Durham, Rr. Oval, smooth, with large aperture.
. F. anriquus, Linn. (Murer.) — M., B., and Tritonium despectus,
contrarius, carinatus, babylonicus, etc.—Various Brit. co., 5 to

15
16

17

30 fath., C.

. F. istanpicus, Chemn.—Murex corneus, Tritonium gracile, ete.—
Brit. co. generally ; 5 to 80 fath.; N. Eu., C. (See /. propinquus.)

18. F. Turront, Bean.—Yorkshire, Northumberland, 60 fath., Rr.

. F. propryquus, Alder.—F. corneus and istandicus, var.—N. Scot-
land, Bantry Bay, Northumberland, deep water, Mr.
than F. isdandicus, with deep suture and symmetrical spire.

TROPHON,

Shorter

20. T. rupis, Phil. (Fusus.)\—Murex r., Jeffreys—Tenby ; unique as

British. Whorls and ribs rounded.

. T. murtcatus, Mont.—Fusus and Murex m.—Brit. co. generally,
Channel Isls., 15 to 50 fath., Mr. Whorls angular, ribs inter-

sected.

. T. scatartrormis, Gou/d.—Belfast, in sand, Rr. Ribs smooth.

Bamfius.—Ivish sea, Zetland, Me. Ribs laminated.
. T. Barvicensis, Johnston.—Fusus and Tritonium 4.— Hebrides,

Cork, Northumberland, 60 fath., Mr.

Ribs aculeated.

23. T. cuarnratus, Linn. (Murex.)—Tritonium, Fusus, and Pleurotoma

TY

*

a

~~

BRITISH SHELLS,PL.XNEX.

GB. Sowerby.

PLATE XIX,

Nassa,
Fig,
1, N. nericunata, Linn. (Buccinum.)—N, pullus, Tritonium 7,—Brit.
and Ku, co, generally, Littoral, Ce.
2. N. incrassata, Miller, (Bucoinum.)—N, and B. minutum, macula,
asperulum, ete,—Brit. shores generally, 0 to 50 fath., gravel, C,
_N. pyemma, Lamk. (Ranella.)—B. tuberculatum, Tritonia varicosa,
ete.—S. Brit. co,, 8S. Eu,, 4 fath, to deep water, C, Small, with
white varices on the body,

oJ)

MANGELIA,

. M. rurricunata, Mont, (Murex.)—Bela, Fusus, and Pleurotoma
angulatus, ete.—Brit, co. generally, 3 to 100 fath,, N, Eu., C,
Whaorls flat above.

_M. Trevetirana, Zurt.—Pleurotoma, Bela, and M. reticulata, de-
cussata, and leucostoma,—Northumberland, Aberdeen, Zetland,
etc,, 15 to 40 fath., R, Whorls with angular slope above.

. M. nora, Mont. (Murex.)—F., M., and 8B, chordula, Ulideana
(var.), etc.—Brit. co. generally, Me,

. M, terus, Forbes, (Pleurotoma.)—P, boreale,—Various loc., 15 to
50 fath. 8S, Eu., Mr. Carinated, aperture deeply notched,

. M. purpursa, Mont, (Murex.)—Fusus and Pleu, p., Philberti vere
sicolor and variegatum,—Brit, co. gen,, 3 to 60 fath,,C. §, Ku,

. M. cancetata, Sowerby (Fusus,)—M, purpurea var,, F. asperri«
mus,—Cornwall, Cork, R. Sharply sculptured,

10. M. rertcunatum, Brown, (Pleurotoma.)—M, cancellata var,—Shet~
land, Guernsey, Rr, Sculpture between 8 and 9; inner lip not
thickened,

11. M. Levrrovi, Michaud, (Pleurotoma.)-—P., F., snd M. inflata,
Boothii—Arran, Orkneys, Guernsey, etc, ; 8, Eu., 5 to 50 fath.,
Me.

12. M. uivearis, Mont. (Murex.)\—M., Pi., Pus. elegans, concinna,
etc.—Brit. co. generally, sand and shella, 1 to 80 fath., C.

13. M. scasra, Jeffreys, (Pleur.)—M. linearis var.—Guernsey, Ply.
mouth, R.

14, M. nepura, Mont. (Murex.)—M.,P., and F, Bertrandi, varians, and
pyramidatus.—Various places and depths, N. and §, Eu., C.

15. M. navicata, Phil, (Plew.)—M. nebula var.—South Brit., 8. Eu.
Small, fusiform, shiny, banded.

16. M. Gutnniana, Phil. (Pleu.)\— M. nebula var. — Tenby, etc., Mr.
S. Eu. Whorls longer than No. 14.

17. M. Bracuystoma, Phil, (Pleu.)— M. tiarula and Clavatula b.—

Brit. co. gen., Mr. Turreted ; ribs crossed by raised lines.

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Fig.

18. M. nana, Lovén, (Tritonium.) — Pusus albus.—Lerwick, Zetland,
Orkneys, etc., 45 fath., and deep, R. Ventricose, cancellated.

19, 20. M. srrtonata, Scacchi, (Plew.)—P. and Murex Smithii, Far-
ranti.—S, Devon, Clyde, Guernsey, Bantry, etc., Medit., R. as
Brit. Ribs angularly curved above.

21, 22. M. cosrara, Pennant, (Murex.)—Buccinum, Fusus, Pl. c., ete. ;
var. f. 22, M. Metcalfei.—Brit co. generally, 5 to 50 fath., N. and
S. Eu., C. Body-whorl larger than No. 24.

23. M. coarcrata, Forbes.—Pl., M. costata var., B. M.—Distribution
as 21 and 22; not so common.

24. M. seprancutanis, Mont. (Murex.)—W., F., and Pl. costatus, hep-
tagona, ete.—Torbay, Bristol Channel, Forth, Galway, 5 to 30
fath., Mc.

25. M. arrenvata, Mont. (Murex.)—WM. aciculatus, Pl. gracilis, Vil-
liersii, etc.—S. Devon, Oban, Hebrides, Cork, etc., Mr. 8S. Hu.

26, M. cracttis, Mont. (Murex.)—M. emarginatus, suturalis, elegans,
etc., S. Brit., Galway, S. Eu., Mr.

M. Horzottn. See Buceinum.

Erato.

27. H. uavis, Donovan, (Voluta.)—E., Marginella, Bulla, Volvaria,
and Columbella fusiformis, Cypreola, Donovani, Muscaria, etc.—
Brit. co. generally, 1 to 50 fath., Mc.

CyYPR&A.

28. C. nvrop#a, Mont.—Cypr. and Trivia, Pediculus arctica, bullata,
and diaphana.—Brit. co. generally, 0 to 50 fath., C.

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BRITISH SHELLS PL,.XX.

GB. Sowerby

PLATE XX.

Na arte ead

''ORNATELLA.
Rig.
1. T. vasctata, Lamh.—Voluta tornatilis, Linn., Bulimus 7, 1. pel-
lucida and pusilla (young).—Brit. co. generally. N. and 8. Eu.

Ovuta.

2. O. paruna, Penn. (Bulla).—Exmouth, Arran, etc., 20 fath. S. Eu.
Wide aperture, Me.

3. O. acumrnara, Brug.— Bulla and Volvula a.—Loch Kyne, Lamlash,
Galway, etc., R. §S. Hu. Narrow, pointed.

CYLICHNA.

4. C. cytinpracea, Penn. (Bulla.)\—Bullina and Volvaria c., oliva,
and wmbilicata.—Brit. co. generally, C. N. and 8. Ku.

5. C. osrusa, Montagu (Bulla).— Utriculus, B. and C. Jerviscensis
and discors.—Brit. co. generally, C.

6. C. mamittara, Philippi. — Bulla and Tornatina m. and trun-
catula.—Exm., Skye, Galway, etc., Mc. S. Eu. Spire sunk,
apex mamillated.

7. C. rruncata, Adams, (Bulla.)\—B. truncatula, retusa, semisulcata.
—Brit. co. generally, C. N. and 8. Eu.

8. C. ntrmputa, Lovén.—C. and Bulla n. and umbilicata.—Skye,
Loch Fyne, ete., R. N. Eu. Elongated, oval.

9. C. conunus, Desh.—Zetland, Rr. Conical.

10. C. srrtettna, Lovén.—C., Bulla, and Atys s. and ovulata.—Scot-
land, Mr. Spirally striated.

11. C. umpmicata, Mont. (Bulla).— Bullina and Volvaria u. and
subcylindrica.—Brit. co. gen., Mc. With umbilicated apex.

12, 13. C. Lasonxatreana, Basterot, (Bulla.)—Guernsey, R. Nar-
rower, and with more raised spire than C. obtusa.

AMPHISPIRA,

14. A. nyanina, Zurt. (Bulla.) — A. diaphana and Utriculus pellu-
cidus, minutus, and candidus.—Scarborough, Weymouth, Cork,
ete. Littoral, Me. N. Hu. Rather square.

15. A. exoposa, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1859.—Skye.

AKERA.
16, A. puntata, Miller. — Bulla Akera, B. norvegica, B. resiliens,
fragilis, flexilis, Hanleyi.i—Southampton, Zetland, Galway, etc.
Littoral, Mc. N. and 8, Eu.

Butta.

17. B. Crancuut, Leach.—B. punetura and striata.—Brit. co. gen.
Devon, Aberdeen, Cork, etc., 50 to 100 fath., Mr. Spirally
puncto-striated.

18. B. cornza, Lamk.—B. hydatis (as of Linn.), B. navicula, B. am-
pulla, Haminea hydatis—South Brit. co., 0 to 50 fath., C. 8. Eu.
Broad, thin.

19. B. nypatis, Linn.—Haminea elegans.—Guernsey and Mediterra-
nean. Narrower and more solid than B. cornea.

Putte.

20. P. aperra, Linn.—P. Bulla, Bullea, and Lobaria a., quadripartita,
quadritobata, and Planciana.—Brit. co. gen.,C. 8. Hu. Large,
smooth.

21. P. scasra, Miller.— Bulla and Scaphander scabra, pectinata,
dilatata, end catenulifera.—Northumberland, Zetland, Ireland,
etc., Mc., 5 to 50 fath. N. iu. Oblong, serrated.

22. P. quaprata, §. Wood.—Bullea and P. scutulum.—Zetland, ete.,
10 to 100 fath., R. Striated.

23. P. catena, Mont.—Bulla and Bullea c., angustata, and punctata.
—Brit. co. generally, Mr., 0 to 40 fath. Withchain-like sculpture.

24. P. puncrata, Clart.—Bulla and Bullea.—Devon, Swansea, Aber-
deen, Clare. In sand, 60 fath., Mc. With punctured sculpture.

25. P. prurnosa, Clark. — Bulla and Bull@a. — Devon, Northumb.,
Hebrides, ete. Mud, 20 to 70 fath. N. Hu.

ScaPHANDER.

26. 8. trenarius, Linn. (Bulla.) —B. oblonga.—Brit. co. generally.
1 to 50 fath. N. and S. Eu., C.

27. 8. zonatus, Zurt. (Bulla.)—Young specimen taken at Zetland by
Mr. Jeffreys, resembling older Norwegian specimens. More oval
than S. Zignarius. Spire wumbilicated.

APLYSIA.
28. A. uyBRipa, Sowerby.—Laplysia depiluns, A. depilans and punctata,
—Brit. co. generally. Among seaweeds, 0 to 6 fath., C.
PLEUROBRANCHUS.

29. P. wemBranaceus, Mont. (Lamellaria.) —Devon, Arran, Cork, ete.
Low-water, Mr. Broad, flexible.
30. P. pLumuta, Mont. (Bul/a.)—Guernsey, Devon, Skye, ete. Littoral,
R. Narrow, less flexible.

SpIRULA.
31. 8. Puronitz—Once taken near Swansea, imperfect.

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BRITISH SHELLS PL. XX.

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GB. Sewer’:

PLATE XXI.

Livnazvs. In and near fresh-water.

Fig.

1, 2. L. perncur, Miller (Buecinum.)—Helizx, Turbo, Bulimus, and

L. putris, inflata, teres, lutea, limosa, ovata, vulgaris, marginata,
intermedia, lacustris, ete.—Springs and ponds, Ce.

3. L. sragnatis, Linn. (Helix.)—Buceinum, Turbo, etc., stagnalis,
Sragilis, and major, etc.—Ponds, ete., not so generally as No. 1,
ye a
Ww) .

4. L. vatustris, Miller, (Bucc.)\—Helix and L. fragilis, fontinalis,
stagnalis, etc.—Ditches, ponds, ete., C. Whorls more nume-
rous and less rapidly enlarged than No. 3.

5. L. aurrcutarius, Linn. (Helix.)\—L., Helix, Buce., Turbo, Buli-
mus a., patulus, etc.—Near London, Swansea, etc., Mc. Aper-
ture very wide, and outer lip partially reflected.

6. L. acutus, Jeffreys. —L. auricularius, var. B. M.—Oban, Clumber
Lake, Bloomfield, Kent, R. Apex sharp and tapering; aperture
smaller than No. 5.

7. L. rruncatu.us, Willer, (Buce.)—H., B.,and L.truncatus, fossarius,
minutus, limosus, ete.—Partly amphibious, generally diffused, C.
Small, spire equal to body.

8. L. cuaser, Miller, (Buccinum.)—H., B., and L. octanfracta, pere-
grina, elongata, octona, leucostoma, ete.—Fresh and brackish
marshes, Stafford, Somerset, York, etc., R. Spire longer than
aperture.

9. L. rxvotutus, Harvey.— Amphipeplea i.— Lake near Killarney,
Belfast, Rr. Spire almost covered.

10. L. exurinosus, Miller, (Buccinum.)—Helix, Amphipeplea, and L.
—Windermere, etc., Mr. Oval.

11. L. Burnerri, Adder—Lakes in Dumfries and Breconshire. In-
flated; spire flat; colour opaque-amber.

Puyss. In and near fresh-water.

12. P. nypNorum, Linn. (Bulla.)—Helix, Physa, Limnaa, and Aplexa
turrita and marmorata. Pools and lakes, Brit. generally, C.

13. P. rontinauis, Linn. (Bulla.)—Turbo, Planorbis, Bulimus, and Ph.
adversus, bulla, bulloides, and fluviatilis. — Brit. pools, lakes,
and ditches, C.

Ancytus. In fresh-water.

14, 15. A. rruviatinas, Miil/er.—Patella lacustris —Running streams,
on stones and plants generally, C. Oval, apex turned to left.

Fig.

16,17. A. optoneus, Lightfoot, (Patella.)— A. and P. lacustris.
More lacustrine than No. 14, Mc. Oblong, apex turned to
right.

Pranorsis. In fresh-water.

18. P. cornnus, Linn. (Heliv.)—P. and H. cornu-arietis, purpureus,
and similis, P. nana (young).—Ponds and ditches generally, C.

19. P. anpus, Jiller—Heliz and P. hispidus, hirsutus.—Distribu-
tion general, C. Finely ciliated in lines.

20. P. etaBnr, Jeffreys.—P. levis, Alder.—Penzance, Falmouth, Swan-
sea, Belfast, etc., Mr.

21. P. navrinuus, Linn. (Heliv.\—P. imbricatus, Miller; P. cristatus,
Turbo nautileus, etc., Mc. With horny ridges.

22. P. conrortus, Linn. (Helix.)—P.and H. crassa, umbilicata.—Distri-
bution general, C. Numerous close whorls; aperture semi-lunar.

23. P. cartnatus, Miiller.—Helix Planorbis, Linn.; P. planata and
lutescens.—Generally distr., C. Whorls more rapidly increased
than No. 24; keel more distinct.

24, P. marernatus, Drap.—H. Planorbis, H., P. limbata, complanata,
Draparnaldi turgidus, rhombeus, ete.—Distr. gen., C. Whorls
more rhomboidal than 23.

25. P. Vorrex, Lian. (Helix.)—Pl. compressa.—Distr. gen.,C. Many
whorls, very compressed.

26. P. sprrorpis, Linn. (Helixv.)—P. vortex, var.—Distr. general, C.

__ Fewer whorls than No. 25; mouth not angular.

27. P. niripus, Miiller.—Helix and P. fontanus, complanatus, and len-
ticularis.—Most parts of Brit., Mc. Very compressed.

28. P. nacusrris, Lightfoot.—P. nitidus, var., Segmentina lineata, P.
nautileus and clausulatus.—Ponds and ditches near London, etc.,
Me. With internal divisions ; lower disc flat.

BRITISH SHELLS PRL. SEL.

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“N

GB. Sowerb>

PLATE XXII.

Succinza. Amphibious.

i 8. purris, Linn. (Helix.)—H., §., and Limnea Succinea and am-
phibia.—On plants by the side of rivers, ditches, ete., C. Rather
oval in form.

2.8. eracriis, Adder. — §. putris, var. gracilis, 8S. amphibia, var.
Pfeifferi.—By sides of streams and in damp meadows, C. Elon-
gated, with spire produced.

3.8. optonea, Drap.— Helix elongata, Amphibulina o. and e.—
Swansea, Glasgow, etc. Sometimes at a distance from water, R.
Spire with more distinct whorls.

Conovutus. Partly marine, amphibious.

4. C. srpentatus, Mont. (Voluta.)—C., N., Acteon, and Auricula alba
(var.) and erosa.—Salt-water marshes, and on rocks near high-
water mark all round our coasts, C. No tooth on outer lip.

5. C. Mysoris, Drap.—cC. denticulatus, var., etc.—Brackish marshes,
Thames, ete., C. Outer lip with one tooth.

6. C. penticutatus, Mont. (Voluta.)—C., V., Auricula, and Actaeon
ringens, reflera (var. f. 7), Mysotis, and personata.—Numerous
places, near the sea, C. Outer lip with many teeth.

7. C. RErLexus.—Auricula reflexa, C. denticulatu, var. Jeffreys.

CanrycuIuM.

8. C. mintuum, Miller.—Turbo Carychium, Auricula minima.—Moist
places, wet Mosses, ete. Generally distr., C.

Limax. Land Slug, with shell under shield.

9. L. cinereus, Miiller.—L. maximus, maculatus, Limacella parma.

Brit. gen., C.; Hu. Shell oval, large, thin.

10. L. acrustis, Miller.—L. concava and obliquus.—Brit. gen., C.
Foss cr. Shell small, oblique.

11. L. srunnevs, Drap.— L. concava.— Under stones, etc. Shell
minute, square.

12. L. rravus, Linn. — Limacella unguiculata and variegata. — The
large Cellar Slug. Shell thick, rather square.

TrsracetLa. Slug with shell or tail.

13. T. Maver, Frussac.—Clifton, Taunton, Plymouth, Swansea, etc.,
Mr. Large, and more square than 14,

Virrina. Shell not including the whole Slug.
Fig.
14. T. HattoromEa, Drap.—T. europea, T. scutulum. — Near London.
* Channel Isls., ete., Me.

15. V. peciucipa, Miller, (Helix.)—H. diaphana, Helicolimaa, Limacina
major, etc.—Various parts of the country, under stones, etc., Me.
Eu. Very transparent.

16. V. Draparnatpt, Jeffreys—V. oblonga, H. brevipes ?—Less glo-
bular than 15, R.

Zontres. ‘Transparent, thin-edged Snails.

17, 18. Z. cermartus, Willer, (Helix.)—H. and Z. lucida and nitens.—
Brit. gen., C.

19, 20. Z. nivmpus, Miller, (Helix.)—H. and Z. nitens, lucida, tenuis,
Succinea, etc. — Less depressed than 17, 18, with larger um-
bilicus.

21. Z. crystatuinus, Miller, (Helix.)—H., Z., Discus, and “ Polita” c.,
eburnea, vitrea.—In damp spots, among stones and Moss. Minute,
white, transparent.

22. Z. niviputus, Drap.—Generally distributed, Me. Mouth oblique.
Umbilicus small.

23, 24. Z. atuartus, Miller, (Heliv.) —H. and Z. glabra, alliacea, nitens,
tenera, lurida, etc.—Distr. gen., C. Smaller and more convex
than 17, 18.

25. Z. excavatus, Bean, (Helia.).—H. and G. nitida, lucida, ete.—
Durham, Northumberland, Galway, etc., Mc. Umbilicus very
large.

26, 27. Z. rapratutus, Alder, (Heliv.) — Distr. gen., C. Striated,
minute.

28, 29. Z.purus, Alder, (Helix.) —H.andZ. polita,and Helicella nitidosa,
electrina, ete—Most common North Engl. Whorls less close
and more oblique than 21.

BRITISH SHELLS PL. SX.

A

GB. Sow

PLATE XXIII.

Hetrx. Snails with thickened lips.

Fig.

1. H. pisana, Miiller—H. zonaria, cingenda, rhodostoma, strigata,
albella.—Cornwall, S. Wales, Dublin, C. 8. and N. Ku.

2. H. aspersa, Wiiller—H. grisea, hortensis, variegata, vulgaris, ete.
—Common in all our gardens and hedges.

8. H. vireata, Costa. — H. variabilis, ericetorum, zonaria, etc. —In
sandy and chalky places,C. More compressed than No. 1.

4. H. cantiana, Mont.—H. patida, etc.—South and west Engl., C.

5. H. wricerorum, Miller —H. itala, striata, albella, erica, nived,
easpita, etc.—Chalky and sandy places, C. Depressed, delicately
banded ; large umbilicus.

6. H. nurescens, Pennant.—H. rufina, montana, calata, clandestina,
ete.—-Most common in southern, chalky and limestone districts.
Depressed, striated ; whorls slightly angular. Generally lighter
than our figure, sometimes nearly white.

7. H. xavicrpa, Linn.—ZH. acuta, affinis, Carocolla 7.—Chalk and
limestone districts, C. S. and N. Hu. Sharply angular.

8, 9. H. misprpa, Linn.—H. rufescens, sericea, concimna (var. without
hairs), etc., plebeia. — All parts of Brit., C. More depressed
than H. sericea, with larger umbilicus.

10. H. rusca, Mont.—H. subrufescens.—Brit. gen., Mc.

11. H. sericea, Drap.—H. hispida, globularis, granulata, etc.—Gra-
nulated, hairy. Mouth wider than 8. Small umbilicus.

12. H. osvotura, Wiiller.—H. trigonophora, ete. —Ditcham Wood,
Hampshire. In Moss at roots of trees, Rr.

13. H. rutva, Miller. — H. terrestris, trochiformis, nitidula, ete.—
Pretty general and common. Conical, minute, transparent.

14. H. pomarta, Linn.—Southern chalky districts, S. Eu., C.

15. H. caprrata, Mont.—H. striata, H. crenulata, ete.—Chalk-pits,
etc., C.

16. H. carruustana, Willer. —H. nitida, carthusianella, rufilabris, etc.
—Chalk-districts of Surrey and Kent, C.

17, 18. H. Nemoratts, Linn.—H. hortensis, fasciata, hybrida, etce.—Cc.
A peculiar flattening near the base of aperture.

19. H. arpusrorum, Linn.—Common and general. Brown-marbled.
Edge of aperture different from 17, 18.

20, 21. H. rorunpata. — H. radiata, Turtoni, etc. —Common and
general.

22, 23. H. putcuensa, Miller.—H. costata, paludosa, crenella, minuta,
etc.—Common and general under stones, etc.

24, H. reverata, Pérussac. — Cornwall, Devon, Torquay, Guernsey.
Rare. A transparent, greenish, hairy shell.

. H. argrra. — H. neritoides, naticoides, etc. — A single specimen
found in Guernsey. Not uncommon in 8. Hu. Our specimen
is foreign.

. H. umarnicata, Mont. — H. rupestris, ete. —On perpendicular
heights and under stones, C.

. H. pvemma, Drap.— H. minuta, etc.—Common in damp places.

. H. tameriara, Jeffreys.—H. Scarburgensis, seminulum.—Brit. and
Germany, C.

. H. acutnata, Miller. — H. spinulosa, ete. — Among Moss and

stones, etc., C. General.

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BRITISH SHELLS. PL.XXTY,

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PLATE XXIV.

Butnius. Long Snail.

Fig.

1. B. Lackuamensis, Mont.—B. montanus, Montacuti, Eua montana.
—Kent, Surrey, Gloucester, Selborne, N. and S. Hu., R. as Brit.
Shagreened.

2. B. opscurus, Wiiller—Turbo rupium, B. hordaceus, etc.—C. and
general. Surface smooth.

3, 4. B. acutus, Miiller—Helix barbara, B. cretacea, articulatus,
Turbo fasciatus, ete.—On sand and limestone in marine neigh-
bourhoods, C.

Pura. Small Snails, among Moss, stones, etc.

5. P. secate, Drap.—Turbo, Helix, Chondrus, and Vertigo junipert
and cylindricus.—S. Engl., Channel Isls., C. §. Eu. Larger
and more tapering than the other sp.

6. P. umprticata, Drap.—Turbo, Bulimus, Heliz, and P. muscorum,
ceylindraceus, bidentata, etc.—C. and general, Hu. Mouth oblique,
long, one tooth.

7. P. muscorum, Linn.—T., P., H., B. marginata, chrysalis, uniden-
tatus, etc.—C. and gen. A rib behind the outer lip.

8. P. anetica, Férussac.—Vertigo, Turbo, and P. a. and ringens.—
Scarborough, Newcastle, Guernsey, etc., Mr. More cylindrical
than 5.

9. P. epentuta, Drap.—H. exigua, Vertigo, Helix, and Jamimia e.,
nitida, ete.—C. and gen. No teeth in aperture ; smooth.

10. P. mrnutissima, Hartmann.—P., Vertigo, Alaa cylindrica, obtusa,
muscorum, ete.—Bnistol, Salisbury, Skye, etc., R. as Brit.; C.in
S. Eu. No teeth in aperture; striated.

11, 12. P. pvemaa, Drap.—P., 7., V., H., Alaa, etc., sexdentatus,
quinquedentatus, vulgaris, etc.—The lighter variety, P. alpestris,
C. and general. Four or five teeth.

13. P. sussrriata, Jeffreys.—Vertigo, Turbo, Alea seadentata, curta, etc.
—C. and gen. Very cylindrical; six teeth; striated.

14. P. anvivertico, Drap.—P., V., Alea octodentata, septemdentata,
palustris, etc.— Near Swansea and London; Bristol, Devon,
Northumberland, Ayr, Mr. Ireland. Aperture subtrigonal,
eight or nine teeth,

15. P. pusttta, Miller—Helix vertigo, and V. heterostropha. —S.
Wales, Northumberland, Belfast, etc., Mc. Sinistral, with seven
teeth.

16. P. Venera, Charpentier —Turbo, Vertigo, and P. vertigo and angus-
tior.—Swansea, Cork, Clare, R. Sinistral; four teeth and a
flat fold on columella.

Bana.
Fig.
17. B. rraatiis, Drap. (Pupa.)—Bulimus, Pupa, Clausilia f., perversus.
—C. and gen. Under bark on trees, and under stones.

Craustnra. With a twisted clausium on columella.

18. C. taminata, Mont.—Helizx, Turbo, Bulimus, and Pupa bidens and
perversus and derugata,—S. Brit. principally. Among dead
leaves, and on Beech-trunks, Mc. Smooth, broad.

19. C. ntertcans, Maton and Rackett.—Strombiformis, Turbo, and Odo-
stomia perversus, bidens, parvula, etc.—C. and gen. ; under stones,
on walls and trees, ete. Narrow, striated.

20. C. Birpricata, Mont.—Heliz, Turbo, Odost., C. perversa, plicata,
ventricosa, etc.—Near London, etc., Mc. ‘Two folds on columella.

21. C. pricaruLa, Drap.—Turbo and C. conversus.—Charlton Wood,
Kent, Hastings, Gloucestershire, etc., R. Numerous plaits on
columella above fold.

Zva.

22. Z. vusrica, Miller, (Helix.)—Turbo, Bulimus 1., subcylindrica,
muscorum, etc.—C. and gen. Among leaves and under stones.

AZECA.

23. A. tRIpENS, Pulteney, (Turbo.)—Helix, Pupa and Cionella Goodallii,
Britannica, ete—C. and general. Habits as Zva and Pupa.

ACHATINA.

24. A. actcuna, Miiller—Buccinum, Bulimus, Helix octona, terrestre,
etc.—In marshy places, among Grass, etc., C. S. Hu.

Cyctostoma. Snail with operculum.

25. C. evecans, Miller, (Nerita.)—Turbo reflexus, T. tumidus, striatus,
elegans.—Chalky districts of 8. Engl., C.

Acmn. Cylindrical Snail with operculum.

26. A. xinwata, Drap. (Auricula.)—Turbo, Carychium, Cyclostoma,
Bulimus fuscus, Cochlea minuta.—Bristol, Pembroke, Clare,

Dublin, etc., R.

G EB. SOW ERBY, June,

Supplies single Specimens or large parcels of

RECENT SHELLS AND FOSSILS

Parcels will be sent for selection, to those who forward suitable credentials, in any
part of the world, so that those Collectors whose supplies have been interrupted
by a recent lamented death can now have them renewed.

G. B. S, Jun, has a very large stock of Shells, purchased from the
VauTpriaNn and DennissoniaNn Collections, and from the stores of the late
M. Cumine, as well as from the sale of Mr. Rervs’s stock, and other

sources.

COLLECTIONS OF BRITISH SHELLS.
Seventy-five named species, arranged in a box, having the appearance of
a book in two volumes, One Guinea. Oramore extensive series prepared
jn the same manner.

THE RECENTLY DESCRIBED FOSSILS FROM THE LINGULA FLAGS, SOUTH
WALES, SUPPLIED SINGLY OR IN SETS.

BOOKS BY G. B. SOWERBY, F.L.S.

(Discount to direct purchasers.)

THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM ;
OR MONOGRAPHS OF RECENT SHELLS.

Parts 24 and 25 will be published before Christmas, 1865, containing
additions to former Monographs, and some new Monographs ;

Completing Vol II. and the First Series.
The New Series, to be commenced early next year, will appear under
improved conditions, and will be carried to a completion in as smali a
compass and as short a time as possible.

ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS.
Cloth gilt, Imperial.
700 coloured figures of 600 species, with names, localities, and other
information.

NEW PROPOSED WORK, BY G. B. SOWERBY, FLS
GENERIC FORMS OF SHELLS ILLUSTRATED.

The Author has long been engaged collecting materials for this Work,
which is to contain a harmonization of existing systems, in which a
balance will be struck between a too negligent and too minute subdivision.
Coniparative susceptibility of definition will be the guiding principle in
deciding the claims of certain groups to generic separation. The illustra-
tions will be copious and of full size, “embracing every marked form,
whether recent or fossil, and whether adopted asa genus or not. The
price is not yet fixed, but is expected to be about £3 3s, To appear
between March and May, 1866.

G. B.S, jun., will be glad to receive , the n names and addresses of those who desire
to see ie ee We published.

45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY

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NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY OFFICES,
CONDUCTED BY
G. B. SOWERBY, F.LS.,
45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY.

Collections Bought, Sold on Commission, or Prepared for Auction.

STOCK ON HAND.
FOSSILS.

CraGc.—Numerous fine Teeth, Bones, and Shells.

Lonpon Cray.—Fish-heads, Teeth, Fruits, Teredinz, ete.

CuaLk and Gauir.—A magnificent series, including fine specimens of
Goniaster, Cidaris, Ventriculites, Crustacea, Shells, etc.

GREENSAND.—A comprehensive series from Blackdown, Cambridge, etc.

Ooxrres.—A fine specimen of the New Cidaris (block with five indi-
viduals and many long spines), extensive Minchinhampton series, etc.

Lras.—Ichthyosaurus,—a fine museum specimen, mounted 6 ft. 6in.,x—
Plesiosaurus, Teleosaurus, a most beautiful specimen of Lepidotus, and
numerous other Fishes in fine condition.

Coau.—Fine specimens of Lepidodendron, Sigilaria, Ferus, ete.

Devonian Fishes, Plants, ete.

RECENT SHELLS.

Among a most extensive range of genera and species are included
Voluta Rossiana, V. fulgetrum, Conus Aurisiacus, C. princeps, C. mar-
chionatus, a fine series of C. venulatus, etc., Halia Priamus, Cypreea picta,
Cardium hians, C. #olicum (true), Galatheea concamerata, Velorita, Ana-
stoma, beautiful Spondyli, ete. Series of British Shells made up.

‘ MINERALS.

A very extensive series of specimens; also illustrative collections.

BIRDS AND INSECTS.

A fine collection of British and other Birds in 31 eases.
Jeautiful rosewood cabinet (48 drawers), with fine Butterflies, etc.
Beautiful mahogany cabinet (40 drawers), with fine Butterflies, ete.

BOOKS, NEW AND SECOND-HAND.

Works on Crustacea, meluding Milne-Edwards’ ‘ Histoire;’ Desmarets’
© Considérations ;’ Roux, ‘ Crust. de la Méditerranée ;’ ‘ Crustacea of the
Vanna Japonica, ete.; on Zoology, the ‘ Historia de Chili;’ ‘Journal de
Conchyliologie,’ by Crosse; Bernardi’s ‘ Monog. des Galathées,’ etc. ; Sup-
plement to Sowerby’s ‘Cones ;’ Deshayes’ ‘ Coquilles Fossiles de Paris ;’
Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Pt. 1 to 22; Sowerby’s ‘ Wild Flowers ;’
and new edition of Sowerby’s ‘ English Botany.’

THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM, 22 parts at 25s. each.
iLLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS, 700 Coloured

Figures, with Names, Localities, and other information ; by G. B. Sowerby,
F.L.S., ete. Impl. cloth gilt, 30s. Labels, 6d.

*.* Further particulars will be furnished. Sets made up to illustrate
Formations, Classes, or Genera, and specimens forwarded on approval.

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DIGEST OF THE
LIBRARY REGULATIONS.

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No person shall be allowed to retain more than five vol-
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A fine ot five cents per day incurred for every volume not
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The Librarian may demand the return of a book after
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Certain books, so designated, cannot be taken from the
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All books must be returned at least two weeks previous
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Each member is responsible for all injury or loss of books
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