teeta on ate mere x SSeie a “y Al. os Geological Survey of the State of Wet Mork. PAL XZONTOLOGY. ILLUSTRATIONS OF DEVONIAN FOSSITS-. CORALS OF THE UPPER HELDERBERG AND HAMILTON GROUPS, By JAMES HALL. Published in advance of the Palzeontology of New York, BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATURE OF E STATE OF NEW YORK. : NATIONS 45e 200 DY SY MAY 9 1 | OQ» < SS Hs = ApBANY* WEED, PARSONS & VOMPANY, PRINTERS. 1876. NOTE In December, 1876, a volume of Albertype Tlustrations of Devonian Fossils of the classes Gastrroropa, Prrropopa, CerHaLopopa, Crust A- cEA and Corats was published in an edition of one hundred copies, by order of the Legislature. These copies were principally distributed to public institutions under the direction of the Secretary of State. The Corats being less known than the other groups, and the prepara- tion of a volume upon this class of Fossils, and of the Bryozoa of the lower and upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung groups being now in progress, the author has had a few copies of the plates of Corals printed at his personal expense, with a view to their circulation among those who may be interested in the subject. In the preparation of the volume referred to there have been already made more than 600 original drawings of Corals, and 300 of Bryozoans, which will soon be “leet in the Thana of the lithographer. In this condition of progress the author would beg leave to solicit from scientific gentlemen and collectors of fossils, nile stor concerning localities and the distribution of species, and also the contribution or loan of specimens which may aid in the completion of the work and become the means of disseminating a knowledge of this class of fossils, which are so widely and abundantly distributed throughout the Palo- zoic formations of the United States. PLATES AND EXPLANATIONS OF ClORE Arie: PLATE I. (For reference to the species, see Explanation of Plute 8.) FAVOSITES TUBEROSA var. The figure represents the lower side of a convex, sub-hemispheric specimen from which the epitheca has been removed by weathering, revealing the cells with the mural pores. The peculiar feature of the partial diaphragms which are represented in spiniform processes, has been to a great extent destroyed, but is seen in some places, and especially on the left of the figure. Upper Hel- derberg Limestone, Cayuga, Ontario. HIRE EPIRO ON, sis ih) DIFIRIS) UPPIBR (FAVOSITID#.) B, Bierstadt, Albertype, REATHM FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA Cyuthophyllum quadrigeminum (Goldf.) Eaton. Geological Text book, p. 58, pl. 5, f. 66. 1832. Calamopora hemispherica Troost. Ann. Report Geol. Tennessee, p- 72. 1840. Favosites hemispherica Yandell-Shumard. Contrib. to the Geology of Kentucky, p. 7. 1847. us turbinata Billings. Canad. Journ., New Series, Vol. IV, p. 109. 1859. ib Vol. V, p. 259, fig. 7. 1860. Not se hemispherica BINES: of fe os Vol. IV, p. 105. 1859. Not Emmonsia dw.-Haime. Polyp. Foss. Terr. Paleozoiques, p. 237. 1851. Favosites turbinata (Bi Nicholson. Palzontology of Ontario, Vol. I, p. 49. 1874. Figs. 1-38. Upper, basal and lateral views of a typical specimen of the species, from near Louisville, Ky. This and others of a similar character were communicated by Dr. L. P. Yan- dell, as examples of the form referred to, and originally described under the name Fawvosites hemispherica as above cited. Figs. 4. 5. Lateral and basal views of another specimen, on which the point of origin is less dis- tinctly defined than in the preceding. Locality the same as specimen 1-3. ? WP PiGiR SNH GIDIHRIBIBIRE GIRO O12. ¥ Vol (FAVOSITID.) Plat Paleontology of E, Bieretadt, Albertype, PLATE II A. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA yar. @. (subturbinate forms). Figs. 1-3. Upper, lateral and basal views of a specimen of this variety, showing the small cells peculiar to this form. Figs. 4, 5. Two views of another specimen of similar character, but having the upper part extended into a dome-shaped elevation. Fig. 6. Lateral view of another individual where the upper part is elevated into a conical form. Fig. 7. Longitudinal section of a highly dome-shaped specimen, showing the diverging character of the cells in their upward extension. Frem the Upper Helderberg Limestone State of New York, and Falls of the Ohio. IHIDIFARIBIARG GRO 2, (FAVOSITID A.) Albertype, B, Bierstadt, 0 hae a > 282 rember: S = 2% | A 293 26 7 2 = UP % =it Et : te » . [pe wag ” ut yy’ ar 7 A) _ 7 1 f ' =" i 1 Pa ie 4 ! fa j ‘ = > - P PLATE ILB. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA var. TURBINATA. Favosites turbinata Billings. Canad. Journ., New Series, IV, p. 109, 1859; V, p. 258, fig. 7, 1860. Figs. 1, 2. View of the lower side and lateral view of a turbinate specimen with a slender base, From the Upper Helderberg Limestone in Western New York, near Batavia. Fig. 3. Lateral view of a more erect form, from Clarence Hollow, New York. Tig. 4. Lateral view of a specimen which maintains its turbinate form to about half its height, and becomes dome-shaped above. The surface faintly shows the structure. From the Upper Helderberg Limestone, Sandusky, Ohio. Fig. 5. Postero-lateral view of the same individual. ig. 6. Section of a similar specimen showing, on the fractured surface, the faces of the tubes with the mural pores. Vig. 7. A longitudinal section of a specimen showing the mode of growth of the cells, the trans- verse diaphragms and some of the mural pores. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA var, Cyathophyllum quadrigeminum (Goldf.) Eaton. Geological Text book, p. 38, plate 5, fig. 66. 1832. hig. 8. The base of a very robust specimen from the Upper Helderberg Limestone, Western New York. (See also plate 5). WiP Pia SUSh)D HRBAHIRE GROWP. (FAVOSITIID.) Palgontology of N. Y. Vol. & oS oie TAD RC 5, 0h Sere aS RCE ue aes rs > Albertype E Bierstadt G. B. Simpson del, PLATE IC. ~ FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA var. REOTA. o Figs. 1, 2. Views of the opposite sides (posterior and anterior) of a specimen of this variety, showing the erect form of the lower part, above which the coral expands more rapidly and irregularly. Figs. 3, 4. Views of the opposite sides of another specimen, from the upper part of which project two buds or colonies, especially shown on the left side of figure 3. Upper Helder- berg Limestone, Cayuga, Ontario. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA Var. TURBINATA. (For reference, see Explanation of Plate 2B.) Fig, 5. View of the upper surface of a small weathered specimen, showing the form and size of the cells. From the Upper Helderberg Limestone, Falls of the Ohio. (FAVOSITID &.) erty pe, Alb sri, -3, ean oe ee roy >. y PLATE Ul. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA var. Fig. 1. View of the side of a large, compressed turbinate specimen, from the surface of which the epitheca has been partially removed by weathering. From the Upper Helderberg Limestone, Cayuga, Ontario. HP PIAR /TIFOIDIBRBARE GROW. (FAVOSITID&.) B, Bierstadt, Albertype, PLATE IY. FAVOSITES TUBEROSUS Var. Favosites tuberosa Rominger, in part. Fig. 1. View of a subclavate specimen, showing the form and size of the cells, and in some parts the complete tabule. Upper Helderberg Limestone, Cayuga, Ontario. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA var. TURBINATA. (See also Plate 2 B.) Fig. 2. Lateral view of a large, curved, subturbinate specimen, covered by the epitheca which allows the cell-walls to be seen projecting through its substance. Upper Helderberg Limestone, Cayuga, Ontario. “‘Qpeysierg * CW ALLISOAV A) “OOD MRUELELUECCUs! BALM. PLATE Y. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA var. DISTORTA. ig. L. A large individual of this species, which has assumed a zigzag direction in its progressive stages of growth. ig. 2, Another individual which has made a complete turn in an irregularly spiral direction. . 3, A smaller specimen which has turned nearly at right angles in its progress of growth. g. 4. A smaller specimen which, in its progress of growth, has become turned almost birectangu- larly, the direction of the last stage of growth being precisely opposite to that of its commencement. g. 5. A few of the cell-faces enlarged, showing the concentric growth of the operculiform epi- theca. From the Limestone of the Upper Helderberg group in the Helderberg Mountains and at Schoharie. This variety, and the cyathophylloid forms of the species were erroneously identi- fied by Eaton with Cyathophyllum quadrigeminum of Goldfuss, from the radiation of the cells as they cormmonly appear upon the weathered surfaces, UWP PIs BOS LID FRBAaREG GROUP. (FAVOSITHD &.) Paleontology of N. Y. Vol. Piate V. ; Bierstadt G. B. Simpson del, PLATE VI. FAVOSITES EPIDERMATA. Favosites epidermata Rominger. American Journal of Science, Vol. XXXIV, p. 396. 1862. Figs. 1, 2. View of the opposite sides of a flattened clavate specimen, which is, to a great extent, destitute of epitheca, showing the form and size of the cells, and in many places, the remains of the partial transverse diaphragms. Figs, 3, 4. Lateral and summit views of a smaller, somewhat similarly formed individual. This and the preceding specimen are from the Upper Helderberg limestone, near Akron, ING aS Vig. 5. View of a somewhat oblique longitudinal weathered section, showing the size of the coral- lites with remains of the transverse diaphragms. Upper Helderberg group, near Cale- donia, N. Y. FAVOSITES TUBEROSA. (See Plate 8.) aa z g. 6, A part of the outer surface of a large clavate form, showing the junction of the epithecal portion with the open cells. The epitheca is usually very thin, and leaves the pro- jecting parts of the dead cells protruding, giving an exceedingly roughened surface. Upper Helderberg group, Cayuga, Ontario. PI § group, Layuga, CIP IPIBIR JEIFLIDIFARIBIFZRG GRO ws? (FAVOSITID A . ‘ = 7 = = - > ' : h t 4 ot ‘ . 2 : a : - t i 7 i -* ' = - a a | . i { 2 j ' -_ i ' id re Uw i y - = ; : 1 i _ ' = ae 7 ¥ * ’ 0 - r 7 : i 1 “ is Vee et iF jl 0 ~ = - ° - a on ; ' Se) ee ee oe i ———— PLATE VII. FAVOSITES TUBEROSA Var. Compare Favosiles tuberosa Rominger. Fig. 1. View of the upper surface of a large specimen, showing the form of the cells and the par- tial transverse diaphragms. Upper Helderberg limestone, near Akron, N. Y. FAVOSITES EPIDERMATA ? var. BILOCULI. Occurring in spreading flattened masses. Fig. 2. View of the upper surface of a large flat specimen, showing cells of two dimensions, the larger of which are mostly filled with quartz, and having resisted the weathering action, project above the smaller cells. Upper Helderberg group, Caledonia, N. Y. OIPIPIBIR ENF LIDIARIBISAREG GIRO WP. (FAVOSITID &.) PLATE. VIII. FAVOSITES TUBEROSA. Favosiles tuberosa Rominger. Geological Survey of Michigan: Paleontology; ined.* CG basaltica (Goldfuss) Billings. Canadian Journal, Vol. LV, p. 108, fig. 8. 1859, a} Forbesi Nicholson. Paleeontology of Ontario, Vol. I, p. 48, pl. v, fig. 8. 1874. Not Re sf Edwards—-Haime. Monograph des Polyp. Foss. des Terrains Palzozoiques. Fig. 1. View of a much weathered fragment, showing the projecting spine-like processes which repres nt the transverse plates, and also the mural pores, Fig, 2. View of a small clavate specimen, having unusually small cells (perhaps a distinct form). Vig. 3. View of a larger clavate specimen with large cells, and showing very distinctly the two kinds. Fig. 4. Longitudinal section of a specimen similar to the last, showing the curving of the cells from their origin towards the outer surface, and also the mural pores and partial transverse diaphragms. Fig. 5. View of a large solid specimen, showing the different sized cells, and also the imperfect transverse septa, presenting the aspect of rays of the cells. Fig. 6. View of a large ramose specimen, showing the different sized cells covered by the imper- fect epitheca over a great part of the surface. Fig. 7. Enlargement from Fig. 1, showing the imperfect and irregular spine-like processes of the diaphragms. From the Upper Helderberg group. The specimen fig. 2 is from Cayuga, Ontario, the others from near Akron, N. Y. * This species was sent to the printer under the name of Favosites Nicholsoni Hall, but Dr. Rominger having stated to the author that he had already used the name F. tuberosa, the latter is here adopted. HFIP IR IA LIDIARwBiFrzeG GROwWw?2, (FAVOSITID &.) PLATE IX. Favosites EMMONSII. n. sp. Favosites alveolaris (Goldf.) Hall. Geology of N. Y. Surv. Fourth Dist., page 157, figs. 1, la. £8 re Goldfuss. ~ Emmonsia hemispherica Edwards-Haime. ut. cit., page 274. Not Favosites hemispherica Yandell-Shumard, of Edwards- Haime. Not Turbinate hemispheric or spreading flattened masses. Fig. 1. Lateral view of a small specimen, showing the two kinds of cells very distinctly. Fig. 2. View of a larger pyriform specimen, showing the same feature as the preceding, but less distinetly. Fig. 3. A summit view of a portion of the specimen fig. 4, showing the larger cells projecting by the breaking away of the smaller intermediate ones. The larger cells usually have stronger walls and are better preserved in the weathering. : 4. An cblique view of a specimen, showing more distinctly the projecting larger tubes. Fig. 5, The upper side of a specimen where the cells are small and more equal in size. 6. An oblique summit view of a specimen having smaller cells, but distinctly of two kinds. Figs. 1 and 2 are from specimens from Cayuga, Ontario: 3 and 4 are from near Williamsville, N. Y., and the other specimens are from the Falls of the Ohio. These specimens from widely separated localities, present variations in the size and proportions of the cells, together with other characteristics which might be noticed as evidence of distinct varieties, or perhaps of species. CHIPIPIBIR JSUFLIDIFARIZIZRG GROW. FAVOSITID A Fig. i) g. 6, PLATE X. FAVOSITES EPIDERMATA Var. CORTICOSA. Favosites epidermata Rominger, in part. View of a large specimen which is broadly turbinate at the base and divides into several branches above, the whole covered by the characteristic epitheca. . A weathered section, cutting obliquely across the upper part of a broad eyathiform speci: men, showing the transverse diaphragms. . View of the opposite side of the same. showing the peculiar epitheca very strongly marked, . View of a narrowly turbinate bad or branch, which is suleated along the middle, showing a tendency to division. . A longitudinal section from the specimen fig. 4, showing a small form of the cell with closely arranged diaphragms. An enlargement of several open cells of a large celled variety of this species, showing the incomplete diaphragms and mural pores. FAaVOSITES HEMISPHERICA. (For references, see Explanation of Plate 2.) . An enlargement of a part of a specimen with open cells, showing the characteristic single range of pores. The transverse diaphragms have been removed in the process of silicification, Lepig§\ U7 Ulva m5 > Me (FAVOSITID&,) ie Fig. 9. PLATE XI. FAVOSITES TUBEROSA. . An enlargement of a part of the longitudinal section * of fig. 4, plate 8, showing the entire and incomplete diaphragms and the large mural pores. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA var. TURBINATA. . An enlargement from the cells of the same specimen represented in section fig. 4, showing the partial diaphragms, which give a radiated appearance to the cells. . A longitudinal section enlarged from the same specimen, showing the distant entire dia- phragims. A longitudinal section, natural size. The specimen is of the same form as fig. 4, plate 23, and is from the Upper Helderberg group at Sandusky, Ohio. Favosites EMMONSU. An enlargement of a fragment, s:owing the complete and imperfect closely arranged dia- ‘ phragms. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICA. (See also Plates 2 and 2 A.) An enlargement of a longitudinal section of a specimen with open cells and distinct small be} to} pores, corresponding in form to those represented by figs. 4 and 5, Plate 2. . A longitudinal section corresponding with fig. 6, but not showing mural pores. An enlargement from a weathered section of the specimen fig. 8, plate 2 B, showing the transverse diaphragms and the sirgle row of mural pores. This specimen has all the characteristics of those referred by Eaton to Cyathophyllum quadrigeminum ; the weathered cells presenting the stellate character represented in his figure. An enlargement of a vertical fractured surface, showing the form of the sides of the cells, the disposition of the mural pores and the transverse strix. Fig. 10. An enlargement of a vertical section (of this species?) where the cells are open, showing both entire and incomplete diaphragms. FAVOSITES EPIDERMATA Var. CORTICOSA. (See also Plate 10.) Figs. 11 and 12. Transverse and longitudinal sections of a flattened branch of this species, showing the size of the cells and the transverse diaphragms. _* Figures are referred to as longitudinal sections when representing a cut parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cells, and a cutting from base to summit is referred to as a vertical section. OSITIID.% P a Gi ~=A% ry ree a eos san ) ‘saneanbiitt err TAT i DREW Fail ELLIE ABO eee .ee ane a aoe Albertype PF Bieratadt Fig. apie 1S) ~~ @. 8, aoe PLATE XIII. Favosires? ARGUS n. sp. Lateral view of a small subclavate specimen, showing the larger cells somewhat crowded in places. A lateral view of a broader pyriform specimen, having the larger celis less numerous. View of an irregularly growing pyriform specimen, where the larger cells are numerous and strongly exsert. The upper side of a large depressed hemispheric form, where the larger cells are distant and conspicuous. . A vertical section of a specimen where the cells remain open, but finely coated on the interior, and showing the closely arranged, often crowded diaphragms. A vertical section of another individual mass, showing the mode of increase of the cells and the striation of the surface, which produces the crenulations of the partition walls at the aperture, as seen on figures 8, 9 and 10. In this specimen the diaphragms are more distant than in fig. 5. An enlargement of a fragment from the same mass as fig. 5, showing the pores of the cell-walis —a feature rarely observed. In this case the pores were revealed by par- tially calcining the specimen, so as to bieach the substance of the cell-wall. An enlargement of the surface from a beautifully weathered specimen. In the figure the walls appear flattened on the surface instead of sharply carinate as in the example. An enlargement of a transverse section near the surface of a specimen, showing the thick- ness of the walls and their crenulated sides. g. 10, An enlargement of the surface looking obliquely across it. The larger cell-mouths, as represented, are too much elevated and their sides too spreading. FAVOSITES? sp. 11. A lateral view of an irregularly growing specimen, showing the general form and size of the cells. The crenulations which are quite strong, are not apparent in the figure, which is too small to show them properly. No pores have been observed in the cell walls, and the specimen has been referred with doubt to the genus Beaumontia, SCAIMOC I? OM EGIROWP. (FAVOSITIID#.) PLATE XIV. Favosires (MICHELINA ?) EXPLANATA. n. sp. Fig. 1. A part of a circular depressed hemispheric mass, the upper side having the cell-apertures, with few exceptions, subequal and crenulate on the margins. . The lower side of the same specimen where the cell-apertures are very unequal. Fig. 3. An enlargement of a section from the lower right side of fig. 2, showing the origin and mode of growth of the cells, the diaphragms, and a few pores on one cell-wall; all the characters being more like Michelina than like Favosites. Fig. 4. An enlargement of the cell-apertures from the specimen figure 1. eI IQ to ALVEOLITES GOLDFUSSI. Alveolites Goldfussi Billings. Canad. Journ., New Series, Vol. V, p. 255. 1860. ; Figs. 5, 6. The upper surface of two individuals, showing some difference in the proportion and character of the cell-apertures. Fig. 7. An enlargement of the surface from the specimen figure 6. Figs. 8, 9. A farther enlargement of the cell-apertures from the specimens figures 5 and 6. qpeisusig “gq ‘ed ‘27 J u 4 Siig mil lS ea, Utrera Le CRG i \ \\) YPWiaR EV LDsARBAaRG GROWP, FAVOSITIIDAL PLATE XVII. MIcHELINA CLAPPI. Chonostegetes Clappi Edw.-Haime. Polyp. Foss. Terr. Pal., p. 299, pl. 14. figs. 4, 48. 1851. Compare Michelina intermittens Billings. Canad. Journ., New Series, Vol. IV, p. 113. 1859. oP Haimeophyllum ordinatum Billings. Canad. Journ., New Series, Vol. IV, p. 139. 1859. Emmonsia? cylindrica Edw.-Haime. Polyp. Foss. Terr. Pal., p. 245. 1851. ‘ac Fig. 1. The upper side of an irregular subhemispheric mass where the oritices of the cells are : somewhat free and apparently circular from the constrictions of the interior. In this condition it may be similar to the form described by Billings, as Michelina intermit- tens. Some portions of the same specimen show the peculiar characters of Chonoste- getes, which are more fully shown in figs. 2and 3. The illustration of the various phases of this coral will appear in the final publication of the corals in the Paleon- tology of New York. Fig. 2. A group of columns from a large mass, showing the constrictions at intervals, with the expansions, like diaphragms, connecting the whole together. These are simply the fillings of the circular constricted cells of specimens similar to the preceding, the coral walls having been dissolved away. | a ig. 8. The ends of the columns as shown on the upper side of the preceding specimen. This specimen is from the Picket collection in the State Museum, and probably from the neighborhood of Caledonia in Livingston county. Sclid masses, presenting circular depressions or cell-apertures are common in the Upper Helderberg Limestone, in various parts of New York. Or grinding and polishing these, the angular cell-walls are shown with the circular form within them, MICHELINA FAVOSOIDEA. Michelina favosoidea Billings. Canad. Journ., New Series, Vol. IV, p. 114. 1859. Fig. 4. A fragment of a larger mass with open cells and continuous horizontal diaphragms. The pores of the cell-walls are not visible. CH ALLISOA Vol) gq’ 09 98 ga" 08 io) PLATE XVIII. MICHELINA (PLEURODICTYUM) STYLOPORA. Astrea stylopora Eaton. Geologicai Text Book, p. 40, pl. 4, f. 48. 1832. . Lateral view of a specimen larger than the ordinary size. . A summit view of the same individual, showing the striations of the cell-walls. Across the lower part of this specimen there is a line of division indicating the existence of two separate groups or twin germs in the same mass. . An enlargement of a few of the cells, showing more clearly the crenulated character of the cell margins. . The base of another individual which has commenced its growth upon the shell of a Loxo- nema —a very common feature of this species in many localities. | In this individual the calcareous matter of the epitheca and cell-walls has been weathered away, leaving the filling of the pores to show as connecting processes, producing the condition shown in typical specimens of Pleurodictyum, the P. probie- maticum being simply a weathered condition of Michelira. The details of this con- dition will be shown in the Lithographic plates to be given hereafter. . View of the base of a smaller individual of similar mode of growth, where the epitheca and cell-walls are preserved. . A lateral view of a specimen of very unusual form and mode of growth, being spherical and enclosing a part of a crinoidal column upon which it has grown. . A vertical section of a large individual, showing the division of cell-walls and the origin of new cells, the irregular and distant diaphragms, which are both convex and concave, and in several places the pores passing through the cell-walls. . A transverse section enlarged, showing the crenulated sides of the cell-walls, caused by the remains of vertical lamella. . A still farther enlargement of the external surface of the vertical lamelle, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the surface being flattened and wrinkled. The specimens are from the Hamilton group, at Darien, York, shore of Lake Erie, and other localities in Western New York. MICHELINA (PLEURODICTYUM) DIVIDUA n. sp. . Lateral view of a specimen showing the wrinkled epitheca of the exsert individual cells. . Summit view of a larger and very perfect specimen, showing the usual size of the cells. . Lateral view of the same specimen (fig. 11), showing the characteristic form of the epitheca. Lateral view of an elevated form where the cells are but slightly divergent. . Lateral view of another individual, which, although much elongated, does not show the external epitheca, the open cells covering all parts of the surface. The colony has been epiphytic on a convex bivalve shell. . A vertical section of a broad flattened specimen. . A similar view of a more elevated or upright growing form. Both the specimens show the closely crowded diaphragms and the large pores. . A transverse section of a broad specimen. The figure does not show the crenulations on the sides of the walls covered by the striz, which in the example are very fine and numerous, SLAINOO ETT OW GROWP. (FAVOSITIID.) Paleontology of N. Y. Vol. G. B. Simpson del, PLATE XIX. STREPTELASMA RECTA. Strombodes? rectus Hall. Geology of N. Y. Surv. Fourth Geolog. Dist., pp. 209, 210. 1843. Cyathophyllum rectum Edw.-Haime. Polyp. Foss. des Terr. Palezeozoiques. 1851. Figs. 1, 2. Lateral views of specimens of usual size and form, when not compressed. Fig. 3. View of a large specimen, showing the continuous line of the primary lamella of the fosset, and the increase of the lamellz on each side. Fig. 4. Lateral view of a specimen, showing the parallel strize, indicating the ]amellee between two of the primaries. Fig. 5. Longitudinal section of a small specimen. Fig. 6. Longitudinal section of a larger specimen, showing the edges of the lamelle in the middle, and the sides of others toward the margin, with slight indications of transverse lines. . Lateral view of a curved specimen, showing a budding growth above. Fig. 8. Enlargement of a portion of the exterior, on a line with one of the primary lamella, show- ing the increase to be on one side. This is frequently the case with the lateral pri- mary lamelle. Fig. 9. View of an unusually broad specimen. Fig. 10. An enlarged transverse section, just below the bottom of the cup, showing the extension of the primary lamelle to the center, and also the sparsely distributed interlameilar cistose plates. Fig. 11. An enlargement of a section lower down upon the coral, showing the thickening of the >| a =T lamelle forming a solid central callus. This thickening is often continued till the lower part of the coral has become solid. Fig. 12. An enlargement of the interior of a cup, showing the curving of the lamelle and the deep fosset extending towards one side. . 13. View of a specimen from which the margin of the cup has been broken, eI a Hamilton group, from various localities in Western New York. STREPTELASMA UNGULA nh. sp. Figs. 14, 15. Right and left lateral views of two specimens, showing the increase of septal lines. Fig. 16. Dorso-lateral view of another specimen. Fig. 17. Longitudinal secticn, showing the thickened, almost solidified lamella. Fig. 18, The concave side of a specimen o/ irregular growth, partially showing the characters of the cup. Fig. 19. View of another specimen, showing irregularities of growth. Fig. 24. An enlarged transverse section, just below the base of the cup, showing the fosset on the right side. AMPLEXUS HAMILTONI® n. sp. Figs. 20, 22. Lateral views of specimens of different forms. Fig. 21. View of the largest specimen yet observed; the upper part occupied by the cup is flattened and much broken. Fig. 23. Longitudinal section, showing the thin walls and broad transverse diaphragms, extending quite across the cup, which is comparatively destitute of radiating lamelle. From the Hamilton group. TAMMIE OI GIROWP. (CYATHOPHYLLID & on Oo o PLATE XX. ZAPHRENTIS HALL. Zaphrentis Halli Edw.—-Haime. Polyp. Foss. des Terrains Palwozoiques, p. 341. 1851. Compare s gigantea Edw.-Haime. Polyp. Foss. des Terrains Paleozoiques, p. 340. 1851. ig. 1 A transverse section across the lower part of a specimen showing the broad diaphragms, the lateral fosset, and also the extent of the lamellw. . View of the broad shallow cup of a small specimen, having the fosset on the right side. . A short broad form, with a deep cup and external fosset. The specimen has a broad ex- panded foot-like base, by which it has been attached to some foreign body. The specimen is referred to this species with some doubt of its positive identity. . The interior of the cup of another specimen, an inch and a quarter in depth, the fosset ex- ternal, . Transverse section of a large specimen, showing the extent of the lamelle and the inter- lamellar partitions, as well as the broad transverse diaphragms. . Lateral view of a large specimen, with deep, narrow cup. A part of the rim has been broken off. . Lateral view of a shorter and broader form than the preceding. . A longitudinal section, showing the crowded transverse diaphragms. . The interior of the cup of a medium sized specimen. Hamilton group, Skaneateles Lake and vicinity. SLAIMO UL TOM GIRO WI. (CYATHOPHYLLID&.) Palgontoiogy of N Y, Vol Plate XX G. B, Simp Albertype, BE, Bierstadt, PLATE XXI. ZAPHRENTIS AMPLA N. Sp. | a g. 1. The interior of the cup of a large specimen, showing an obliquely placed fosset. Hamilton group, Darien, N. Y. Fig. 2. The calyx ofa smaller specimen, where the rays are obsolete on a part of the transverse plate. The fosset is situated, as in the preceding specimen, but very indistinct. Hamilton group, York, Livingston county, N. Y. Fig, 3. Lateral view of the specimen fig. 2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of a large specimen of similar form with the preceding. This species is placed by Dr. Rominger with Zaphrentis prolifica of Billings. ZAPHRENTIS SIMPLEX. Strombodes simplex Hall. Geology of N. Y. Surv. Fourth Geolog. Dist. pp. 209, 210, fig. 6. 1843. Fig. 5. Posterior view of a specimen of usual form, showing the cup with rays extending to the center. Moscow, N. Y. Fig. 6. View of a specimen showing a broad transverse plate destitute of rays. Fig. 7. Lateral view of the same, showing the general form of the coral. Fig. 8. Transverse section just below the bottom of the cup. This is the original specimen of the species. Fig. 9. Longitudinal section of a specimen, showing closely crowded transverse plates, some of which have rays extending nearly to the center, and others destitute of rays. Fig. 10. Longitudinal section of another individual with more distant transverse plates. Fig. 11. Lateral view of a specimen, exhibiting unusual characters of the cup, corresponding more nearly to those of Z. Halli, and referred with doubt to this species. From near Mos- cow, N. Y. ELAMOOG TOR GROWP. (CYATHOPHYLLID &,) Plate XXI. Palzontology of N. Y. Vol. ty Dig f ZA ENE EN 2 ae J Albertype. HZ. Bierstadt G. B. Bimpson del, PLATE XXII. CYATHOPHYLLUM ROBUSTUM n. sp. Figs. 1, 2. Lateral view and interior of the cup of a young individual. Fig. 3. Lateral view of a very large specimen, showing irregular growth. ig. 4. View of the cup of the preceding specimen. . Transverse section near the middle of specimen fig. 3. An enlargement of a portion of the same section, to show more distinctly the character of the interradial vesicular plates. . Interior of the cup of a smaller specimen. . Lateral view of the same, showing the curvature. . Longitudinal section of a similar specimen, showing the depth of the cup and the character of the interradial vesicular plates. ig. 14. An enlargement from the surface of specimen fig. 2, showing the radiating lamelle and the form of the interradial vesicles. These specimens are all from the Hamilton group of Western New York. Pn bat f Ey 0g’ dg’ 08 sO | Q CYATHOPHYLLUM NEPOS n. sp. Figs. 10, 11. Lateral view and interior of the cup of a specimen of the species. From the Hamil- ton group, Livingston county, N. Y. CYATHOPHYLLUM NANUM n. sp. Figs. 12 and 13. Two views of a specimen, showing the character of the surface and form of the corallum. Hamilton group, Moscow, N. Y. The interior of the calyx is illustrated on plate xxxi, fig. 14. HAIMOCLIOM, GIRO 2. (CYATHOPHYLLID 4 PLATE XXUI. HELIOPHYLLUM HALLI. Strombodes helianthoides (Goldf.) Hall. Geology of N. Y. Surv. Fourth Geolog. Dist. p. 209, f. 3. 1845. Heliophyllum Halli Edw. and Haime. British Foss. Corals, introd. p. ]xix. 1850. ee *¢ se Polyp. Foss. des Terr. Paleeozoiques, p. 408, pl. 7, fig. 6. 1851. Figs. 1-3. Views of three specimens differing in form of corallum and depth and size of cup. Fig. 4. Longitudinal section, showing the depth of cup and interior structure. Fig. 5. Transverse section of a similar form. Fig. 12. An enlargement of a section of the specimen Fig. 5, showing the transverse ridges of the lamellz and the interradial vesicular plates. Hamilton group, in numerous localities in Western New York. HeELIOPHYLLUM HALLI var, REFLEXUM. Fig. 6. Lateral view of a young specimen, showing the reflexed cell-margins and distant lamelle, with a comparatively small and shallow depression. Fie. 7. A similar view of a larger individual. Figs. 8- 10. Three views of a large specimen, having the top somewhat more flattened. Fig. 11. An enlargement from the surface of the same, showing the projecting transverse ridges and the interradial vesicular plates. Hamilton group, Livingston county, New York. TELAIMOUG OM GirkzOW2. (CYATHOPHYLLID &.) ; a a SS Vite G. B, Simpson. del Albertype, EF, Bierstadt, PLATE XXIV. HELIOPHYLLUM IRREGULARE n. sp. Figs. 1, 2. Lateral and summit views of a small specimen, showing very distant lamelle and a flat- tened surface outside of the depression. Figs. 3, 4. Two views of a specimen in which the rays are a little more numerous. Fig. 5. Enlarged profile of a primary and a secondary ‘ray of the preceding specimen, showing the form of the cup and the projecting denticles formed by the transverse ridges. Fig. 6. View of a more spreading young specimen. Fig. 7. View of a large specimen, showing a budding from the center of the cup. Hamilton group, Darien, and other localities of Western New York. Fig. 13. Transverse section of a specimen similar to Fig. 7, HELIOPHYLLUM ARACHNE hb. sp. Figs. 8, 9. Two views of a specimen, showing the form of the corallum, the convex surface, shal- low cup and distant rays, with strongly elevated denticles representing the transverse ridges. Figs. 10-12. Three views of another individual in which the transverse bars are nearly obsolete on some parts of the corallum. Figs. 11 and 12 show the irregular projecting root-like base of attachment. Fig. 14. Profile of a primary and secondary ray from the specimen Fig. 8, showing the form of the cup and the projecting denticles. ELAM OM GROW P. (CYATHOPHYLLID&.) Paleontology of N. Y. Vol. Plate XXIV. ig es G. B Simpson del, Albertype PB Bierstadt PLATE XXY. HELIOPHYLLUM HALLI. (See Plate 23.) Fig. 1. Vertical section from near the outer surface, greatly enlarged. 7. Fig. 7, represents a transverse section, natural size. Fig. 5, a portion of the same enlarged. Fig. 2, a still further enlargement, showing the rays, the transverse ridges and the interradial plates. ligs. 8, 6. Fig. 6 represents a transverse section with very closely arranged transverse dissepi- ments. Fig. 3 an enlargement of another portion of the same specimen. Fig. 4. A further enlargement from the specimen Fig. 12, Plate 23, showing the thickening of the rays and transverse dissepiments, and the more irregular form of the interradial vesicles. This and fig. 1 are referred, with some doubt, to this species. Vos 9 5 fs Figs. 4, %; HELIOPHYLLUM DEGENER 0. sp? Figs. 8, 9. Two views of a specimen which is strongly contracted towards the upper part, and the surface destitute of epitheca. : Figs. 10, 11. Two views of a smaller specimen, showing a broader cup but similar surface. Hamil- ton group, Skaneateles Lake, N. Y. HELIOPHYLLUM HALLI ? var. OBCONICUM. 12. Views of the opposite sides of a specimen, showing the regular turbinate form and distant lamellar ridges of the surface. Hamilton group, Skaneateles Lake, N. Y. CAAIM(NIG TE OM GROWP. (CYATHOPHYLLID#.) > an Gis Ges) oy i gm E oe BS Oya wee “ \ \ 4 — igen Gaal! . : (eo we SE rer aah \ ag 3 ce ve GH ; KN i ® = PLATE XXVI. HELIOPHYLLUM PROLIFERUM nh, Sp. . 1. View of the upper side of a group, showing buds in various degrees of development. Fig. 2. The opposite side of the same specimen, showing the origin of some of the buds, which rise from the sides of the principal stem. Hamilton group, Darien, N. Y. HELIOPHYLLUM CONFLUENS n. sp. Fig. 3. View of the under surface of a small specimen, showing several buds united. Fig. 4. Upper surface of the same specimen, showing the calyces irregularly united, Hamilton group. HELIOPHYLLUM PROLIFERUM ? Fig. 5. Oblique lateral view of a specimen, showing irregular budding in different stages of growth originating from the calyx of the parent coral. Hamilton group, Livingston county, INE YA ELAWOUG TOM GROUP. (CYATHOPHYLLID &,) _ FOES: Paleontology of N. Y. Vol. Plate XXVL G. B. Simpson del, Albertype. FE. Bierstadt PLATE XXVIL. HELIOPHYLLUM CONFLUENS hn. sp. The upper surface showing the calyces of a colony of individuals growing in a compact cespitose group. Hamilton group, York, Livingston county, N. Y. HIROW IP, POUT (CYATHOPHY LLID_E [PAVIVIE © AY PLATE XXVIII CysTIPHYLLUM AMERICANUM. Cystiphyllum Americanum. Edwards-Haime. Polyp. Foss. Terr. Paleozoiques, p. 464, oe 13, fig. 4. Not Fig. oO cylindri icum Hall. Geology of N. Y. Surv. Fourth Dist., p. 209, figs. 1, 2. Lonsdale. . Lateral view of a medium sized specimen, from which the epitheca has been eroded, ex. posing the cysts over nearly the entire surface. Moscow, New York. . A larger specimen, showing a similar condition, and having the cup contracted-to about half the size of the body below. Town of Bosanquet, Ontario, . Longitudinal section of a specimen, showing the cystose structure. Slkaneateles Lake, New York. . Lateral view of a twin corallum, the two cells being enclosed by a continuous epitheca. The sudden contraction near the summit is caused by a twin budding of the same character; and from the later division on the right side a distinct and independent bud had commenced its growth. Lateral view of a specimen preserving the external epitheca, and exhibiting an unusual degree of regularity in its mode of growth. : View of the interior of the cup of the preceding specimen, showing a slight tendency to form rays along the surface of the cysts. Transverse section of a specimen, showing the whole structure to be without rays or con- centric rings. CYSTIPHYLLUM VARIANS. (See Plate 29.) . Transverse section, showing the cysts arranged in concentric circles, formmg cups as in Chonophyllum, and also showing that the incipient rays are developed into continuous lines in the interior. J Me Cr, 52ORT @irR Oy) Do zAN i (CYATHOPHYLLID &.) Paleontology of N. Y, Vol E, Bierstedt, Albertype, G. B, Simpson. del PLATE XXIX. CYSTIPHYLLUM VARIANS n. sp. Figs. 1, 2. Lateral view and calyx of a small form, the cup showing the incipient rays along the surface of the cysts. Figs. 3, 4. Lateral view aud calyx of a more robust form, the calyx showing the rays somewhat strongly marked. York, Livingston county, N. Y. Fig. 5. Interior of the cup of a broader form, showing large cysts in the bottom, with incipient rays along the outer part. Moscow, New York. Fig. 6. View of the calyx of a small specimen, strongly marked with rays on the lower side where no cysts are visible. The specimen had been thrown down while living, and con- tinued to grow until the cup opens in the same direction as the base, or precisely in the opposite direction from its earlier stages of growth. Moscow, N. Y. Figs. 7-9. Lateral, summit and basal views of a rapidly spreading specimen, showing small cysts with strongly developed rays along their surfaces. York, Livingston county, N. Y. Fig. 10. Lateral view of an old specimen, the base of attachment showing rootlets. Moscow, N. Y. Fig. 11. View of the opposite side of the preceding specimen; a portion of the coral has been cut away to show the depth of the calyx and the internal structure. Fig. 12. An enlargement of the upper part of the preceding specimen, showing the obsolescent radii traversing the cysts and also the internal cellulose structure of the corallum. Fig. 13. A longitudinal section of a specimen, showing the arrangement of the cysts in the form of inverted cones. CYSTIPHYLLUM CORRUGATUM 0. sp. Fig. 14. Lateral view of a large specimen, showing the usual form but slightly compressed. Skan- eateles Lake, N. Y. : Fig. 15. Lateral view of a smaller specimen, showing incipient striations on the exterior, and well developed rays along the pustules in the interior of the cup. Fig. 16. Section of the last, showing the arrangement of the cysts in the form of cups. Skanea- teles Lake, N. Y. SUAIMTN GTP OM GROW IP. (CYATHOPHYLLID.) PLATE XXX. 2 CYATHOPHYLLUM HoUGHTONI. Cyathophyllum Houghtoni Rominger. Geology of Michigan: Paleontology; ined. Fig. 1. Lateral view of the upper part of a large specimen, showing the cup and the foliated edges of the numerous inverted cones, of which the whole is composed. Fig. 2. Longitudinal section of the same, showing the depth of the cup and the strongly developed rays. The interior cavities have all been filled with a caleareors deposit, obscuring much of the structure; but a few of the transverse plates can be traced near the base of the cup, and their edges are seen distinctly for some depth near the margin of the specimen. Hamilton group, Livingston county, N. Y. This species presents external characters common to Chonophyllum, and may be regarded as exhibiting a transition to that genus. CYSTIPHYLLUM CONIFOLLIS n. sp. Fig. 3. Lateral view of an irregular erect growing specimen of the usual size, preserving the epi- theca over nearly the entire surface. Town of Bosanquet, Ontario. . View of a stuall specimen, from Moscow, N. Y. ” ig. 5, Lateral view of a specimen, preserving the epitheca. The cup is contracted at the summit to less than half the size of the body below. Moscow, N. Y. Fig. 6. View of a specimen denuded of the epitheca, and showing the vesicular structure over most of the surface. The calyx is contracted above. Moscow, N. Y. Fig. 7. Longitudinal section of a similar specimen, showing the cup-like arrangement of the cysts. Moscow, N. Y. Figs. 8, 9. Two views, giving opposite sides of a long, slender specimen. One side shows the irregular or intermittent growth, with epitheca; the other side weathered and show- ing the cup-shaped arrangement of the vesicles. The calyx at the top is very small and represents the contracted stage of growth. Town of Bosanquet, Ontario. caf | dQ He CysTIPHYLLUM AMERICANUM ? Fig. 10. A lateral view of a large individual, which is referred with doubt to this species; the cup- shaped arrangement of the vesicles presenting the features of the preceding form. Hamilton group, Moscow, N. Y. 2 MAM TE OM GROWP. (CYATHOPHYLLID.A.) VW 4. VO), Paleontology of N on del, G.B Simps A . , Bia - a . 7 y _ 7 . ‘ ae) \ co = ; - 5 j = % * 7 - ; . : - : = v e a > a ot . 7 4 7 a , - a - ss ‘ ae 4 . = 7 ] a = a: 7 f E - 7 t - ; zu ‘ o \ a - - > : 7 a ni “ = ' P . - . a rc a : 1 1 . , i = — : - : ‘ ' rg 5 1 - : - * = 1 5 7 ‘4 i “ i = _ 1 = i = * z= - . ' - ‘ c a - : - . } f A t 1 3 a 5 pe . : ; : s : - = : - = o i = - bs ‘i . » : A t - 1 : ' y f l 4 \ ——— . 3 i . * ’ "a a a 7 a = 5 , 7 a : , ate = 7 A } 7 i = f a : _ - 7 7 7 F r : a ty > PLATE XXXI. CYATHOPHYLLUM CONATUM 0. sp. Fig. 1. The exterior of a specimen, showing unusually regular growth. Fig. 2. Longitudinal section of the same specimen, showing narrow, much crowded and wrinkled transverse diaphragms. Figs. 3, 4. Views of the opposite sides of a specimen, showing great irregularity of growth. Fig. 5. View ofa specimen, intermediate in character between the two preceding. Fig. 6. A small straight specimen of regular growth, with calyx much contracted. This may per- haps prove a distinct species. Fig. 7. Lateral view of an imperfect specimen, similar to figures 3 and 4. Fig. 8. Oblique view of the same specimen, showing the margin of the parent cup, above which the coral is greatly contracted. Fig. 9. A longitudinal section of a specimen, similar to figures 3 and 7, showing very broad trans- verse diaphragms, which are in some parts closely crowded. Fig. 10. A lateral view of an extremely elongate specimen of very irregular growth. Figs. 11, 12. Lateral and suinmit views of a young specimen. Fig. 13. Enlargement o! the interior of the cup of figure 6. Hamilton group, from various locali- ties in Western New York. Fig. 14. View of the calyx of Cyathophyllum nanum, plate xxii, figs. 12 and 13. This figure was omitted by mistake from Plate xxii. CYATHOPHYLLUM GRADATUM n. Sp. Figs. 15, 16. Lateral and summit views of a specimen. The opposite side of the specimen is more decorticated, and presents the aspect of Chénophyllum, but differs essentially from every specimen of C. conatum. CYATHOPHYLLUM PALUM hn. sp. Figs. 17, 18.- Views of the opposite sides of the same specimen. SCAIM(IGI OM GiROWR, (CYATGOPHYLLID.2.) . Fie ies ERR 4 <7) ATS PLATE XXXIL. HeLIOPHYLLUM (ZAPHRENTIS) EXIGUUM. Heliophyllum exiguum Billings. Canadian Journal, New Series, Vol. V, p. 261, figs. 8,9. 1860. Kies. 1-3, Three views of a specimen of unusual form and size, as found in the Schoharie grit and Upper Helderberg Limestone of New York, 4. An enlargement of a portion of the outer rim and side of a cup, showing the character of the lamellz. Fig. HELIOPHYLLUM? EXIGUUM var. 5. Posterior view obliquely into the cup of the specimen. Fig. 6. Lateral view of the same. 7. An enlargement of the cup of the same specimen. The great depth is not apparent in the figure, nor the strong denticulations of the lamellae. Upper Helderberg Limestone of Western New York. AMPLEXUS INTERMITTENS N. sp. Strombodes sp ? Hall. Geol. of N. Y. Surv. Fourth Dist. Tables of organic remains, No. 49, fig. 2, 2a. Figs. 8-13. Views of a series of specimens exhibiting the usual form and character of the species. Fig. 14. Lateral view of an elongate specimen, probably of this species. Fig. 15. Longitudinal section of the preceding specimen, showing the interior to be occupied by irregular and distant transverse plates, with no indication of vesicular substance. In the soft shale of the Hamilton group, at Moscow and elsewhere, in Western New York. CYSTIPHYLLUM (CHONOPHYLLUM) SULCATUM. Cystiphyllum sulcatum Billings. Canadian Journal, New Series, Vol. IV, p. 136. 1859. Fig. 16. Interior of a cup of a well preserved specimen, showing the obsolescent rays and fosset. Fig. 17. Profile view of the preceding specimen. Fig. 18. View of the anterior side of a specimen where the outer portion has been broken, expos- ing the diaphragms or cups with their rudimentary rays, and showing the position of the fosset. In this condition the fossil presents more nearly the characters of Chonophyllum. Fig. 19. Interior of a small cup showing the rays. Fig, 20. Profile of the same. Upper Helderberg Limestone, near Clarence, N, Y. CYATHOPHYLLUM GALERUM nN. sp. Fig. 21, The interior of a cup of a very perfect specimen. Fig. 22. The convex face of the same, showing the line of the primary ray. Fig. 23. Lateral view of the same specimen, showing near the lower part one of the lateral pri- mary rays. Hamilton group, Moscow, N. Y. & WP WIR WIS OHIDIFRBISRE & BUMMONGIw OW GiROWPRS. (CYATGOPHYLLID.) ey =X 3 a al or PLATE XXXII. TRACHYPORA ELEGANTULA. Trachyporu eleguntula Billings. Canad. Journ., New Series, Vol. V, p. 254. May, 1860 . 1. The upper portion of a small branch, showing the rows of cells. . A bifureating fragment of a larger branch, showing scattered cells. Dy e. 3. A branch somewhat larger than the ordinary size, showing an irregularity in the arrange- ment of the cells. An enlargement of a fragment, with very small cells, which have a spiral arrangement. An enlargement from a specimen with large cells arranged in vertical rows. An enlargement of a fragment having large cells with margins unusually prominent and i= the interspaces strongly striate. Longitudinal section of a specimen, with cells of medium size arranged in vertical rows. ‘This section shows the cells communicating with a central longitudinal canal, and divided transversely by thickened diaphragms. “I . 8. An enlargement of a fragment with cells of medium size, longitudinally arranged, with finely granulose interspaces. Hamilton group, Darien and other places in Western New York. STRIATOPORA (THAMNOPTYCHIA) LIMBATA. Madrepora limbata Eaton. Geological Text Book, p. 39, pl. 5, fig. 52. 1832. . 9. A large ramose fragment, showing the form, mode of growth and distribution of pores. ¢. 10. An enlargement of the surface, showing the structure between the cells. (The figure does not fully express the characters. ) ig, 11. An enlargement of a bifurcation, showing the distribution of the striz around the mar- gins, but not entering the cells as in ordinary forms of the genus Striatopora. . Longitudinal section of a branch, showing the origin and abrupt deflection of the cells toward the external surface. There is no appearance of continuons transverse par- titions, but the inner surface is covered with projecting spinules pointing toward the aperture. : e i) g. 13. Transverse section greatly enlarged, showing the unequal density of the substance between the cells, the spines of the cells, and the cluster of vertical cell-bases in the center before becoming deflected. Hamilton group, Darien and westward to Lake Erie. The specimen figured by Eaton was from the shore of Lake Erie, at Eighteen-mile creek. ELAMOOGIOM GIRO. Paleontology of N Y, Vol. Plate XXXII G. B, Simpson. del Albertype, HB, Bierstadt, 7 > . . * - ' oY i 7 : 5 - rt a ¢ = Ad Py ' ¢ ? is a ‘ a ; ¥ - ‘ 3 ¥ J = o = ae ; 2 2 = w 5 + fei = t A a 4 4 U s + - i + ‘ _ 9 . = ke 7 » 0 x - - . f : 2 f 1 1 7 ” © ; : ' z a : y { ‘ = . * c f * - i * ic 2 n 6 i i a ee 7 ms 1 = 5 a . : = y : * . . ‘4 A a Be ~ ' = : r fi 2 here > r, i i vi a + a é : 7 . i : = ; x 7 5 7 , P - = = 0 =. - i . ae, ps - = +S : * i si y ; . = ; —- ry = a 4 = - Ls es =D = PLATE XXXIV. FAVosITES HAMILTONI# na. sp. This species occurs abundantly in the calcareous beds of the Hamilton group in Western New York, and especially on the shore of Lake Erie. It differs from the & Billingsi of Rominger in its smaller cells, and other characters. Among the forms here embraced under the same desig- nation, there are considerable differences, which are not regarded as of specific importance. Fig. 1. The upper fractured surface, showing the open cells and continuous diaphragms, Nie, 2. A lateral view of the preceding specimen, where the cells are partially free from stony matter, and preserving the continuous diaphragms. Fig. 3. A fragment of a larger mass, showing a vertical section, with an oblique view of the cell- openings upon the upper surface. The cell-walls are finely striate, but the pores are indistinctly visible. Fig. 4, A fragment of another specimen where the mural pores are well shown. Fig. 5. A vertical section from a smaller hemispheric mass, from a polished surface. Fig. 6. An enlargement of the columns with mural pores from the specimen fig. 3. Fig. 7. An enlargement similar to the preceding from the specimen fig. 4. Fig. 8, An enlargement of the cells from the upper side, showing the depressions of the diaphragms at the angles. Fig. 9. An enlargement of the cells from the upper side of another specimen, showing some of the diaphragms to be plain and flat, and others to be bent downward at the angles. FAVOSITES PLACENTA. (See Plate 35.) Fig. 10, A section of a hemispheric form referred with doubt to / placenta. The figure is enlarged to two diameters. Fig. 11. An enlargement of a similar section from a small spheroidal form of the same species. The diaphragms are rarely continuous in either of the specimens. ef AIM idler G2 J IDO IN rl RI 20 yiP (F \\ OSTT ID AE ia" Ss PLATE XXXY. FAVOSITES PLACENTA. Favosites placenta Rominger. Geological Survey of Michigan: Paleontology. [Ined.] Figs. 1 and 2. Lateral and summit views of a young colony having a subturbinate form. Figs. 3 and 4. Lateral and summit views of an irregularly growing subturbinate form. Fig. 5, A larger, depressed and more spreading form. Fig. 6. An extremely expanded form, showing some inequality in the size of the cells. Fig. 7. A lateral view of the specimen fig. 6, showing the elevation and inequalities of the surface. Vig. 8 An enlargement of the open cells, from the specimen fig. 6. Fig. 9, The cell-apertures, from a polished surface of the specimen fig. 6. Fig. 10. An enlargement of the cell-apertures, from the base of the specimen fig. 3, showing them closed by opercul. Fig. 11. A farther enlargement of the cells of fig. 3, showing the opercule. Fig. 12. An enlargement of a vertical section, from the specimen fig 6, showing the partial dia- phragms and a few large pores. Hamilton group, at numerous localities in Western New York, and at Widder and Bosanquet, Ontario. IAIMOUL WOM EIROW Ps = (FAVOSITID®.) Palzontology of N. Y. Vol Piate XXXV . V Ae es GQ. B, Simpson, del EB Bierstadt Albertype Oo OID PLATE XXXVI. FAVOSITES ARBUSCULA N. sp. . A fragment of a branching form, with irregular cells. . An irregular form which has its origin near the center and extending in both directions in a subcylindrical form. . An obliquely lateral view of a small colony, growing in a cespitose form. . A form similar to the preceding, but of more extended growth. A large arborescent form. The base has been broken off, so that the full extent is not known. . An enlargement from another colony, showing the form and external aspect of the cells. . A longitudinal section of a branch, showing the cells, with interrupted diaphragms. . An enlargement from a longitudinal section of a branch, showing the cells and diaphragms. A transyerse section of a branch, showing the cells at their origin in the center. Hamilton group, at Moscow and York, in Livingston county, and other places in Western New York. Paleonti G. B, Simpson, ’del ELAMOOG TOM GROW PR. (FAVOSITIDA.) E Piate 2 Rierstadt XXXVI. Albertype 0g da 0g’ 0a" orm wh 1 io) ig. 10. PLATE XXXYVIL CHTETES FURCATUS Nn. sp. . A fragment of a large branching specimen. . Two fragments from a larger broken specimen imbedded in calcareous shale. . An enlargement of the cell-apertures as they appear upon the surface of fig. 1. . An enlargement of the cell-apertures from the specimen fig. 2. . A longitudinal section from a branch highly magnified, drawn from photographs and accu- rately representing all that is visible in the section. Hamilton group, Norton’s Landing, Cayuga Lake, and other localities in Western New York. CHATETES TENUIS 0. sp. . The base of a hemispheric specimen, with a freshly fractured surface, showing the fine columnar structure. . An enlargement from a polished portion of the upper part of the same, showing the forms of the cells. . A vertical section, greatly enlarged, showing the cell-walls and distant diaphragms. . A vertical section of a similar form, where the cell-walls are thicker and the diaphragms more numerous, while at a few points there are markings like mural pores. A transverse section enlarged, showing the form and proportions of the cells (drawn from a photograph.) Figs. 9 and 10 are referred with doubt to this species, until farther studies shall determine their positive relations. Upper Helderberg Lime- stone at Stafford, Genesee county, N. Y. CH@TETES HUMILIS n. sp. . A fragment of a hemispheric form, showing the fibro-columnar structure of the mass. . An enlargement of several of the cells or columns, as they appear on the surface of the specimen fig. 11. . An enlargement from a transverse section, to show the form and proportions of the cells. . A longitudinal section, showing the cell-walls and transverse diaphragms. . A longitudinal section of a fragment of the species, showing the cell-walls and diaphragms (drawn from a photograph.) Upper Helderberg Limestone, Western New York. CHATETES TABULATUS Ni. sp. . A vertical section of a subturbinate mass, showing the fibro-columnar structure. . An enlargement of several of the columns from the surface of the specimen fig. 16. . An enlargement of a transverse section, showing the form and proportions of the cells. . A longitudinal section enlarged, showing the undulating vertical cell-walls without visible diaphragms. This species belongs to the horizon of the Lower Helderberg group, and has been placed in this association through accident. OM GROUPS. cy WPP-aR ENRIGIDIFARIBiFREG @& ATMEILIE, (CH ATETID.) Dantania Dvitpeadsl sd th ota ee | Aethaackghp rita UD ete nak Seater H(i eensid & aerenentd Ad sit eg wu X ied sehen HAG Coad § a ~ eee Sas Be (ig 2 AB "eee é ia ed my a p ey i ye RO" _—s— * ~~ ile me ; - u aan v - vat - * id ‘> a % we * ry 5 - - E 7 . i i = - a 6 ‘ > a “Tag ' ty = 7 L . j . i - ap iy * iy Rely ” 4 , — 5 te ; , An. ; : : 4 rn - i = z " ~_ i ® i ; 1 r * re A. 7 7s : , Ss . 7 : 7 a “ " . = i i} a 5 : 7 # 7 Pa , _ 7 3 7 ‘ 5 = i ie a = 6 a - : a bia” 5 i — 7 - : F - oy i = 4 ¥ : a ‘ - t 1 - ve - = = 5 - a a 7 Sy . . - . _ =a i] 7 @ e _ a = © FA . i 0 — ; : - : 7 ite 7 7 q a - i e - i ® ® 4 . " 5 “ a on e 4 ° 7 7 : ‘7 ) 1 = us - 1 0 : > ‘ A : ra xf 7 i : ‘ a fs - | XL 7 ns . 2 5 7 * > a vay @ " * cr - - = “- - ° 7 a = a iY t ’ % ‘ i = a | ss a ie y 4 = . Fig. Fig. Fig. PLATE XXXVIII. CHA&[TETES FRUTICOSUS Nn. sp. . A strong growing stipe supporting several smaller branches. The surface, with the excep- tion of the upper branches, is maculose. . A branching form which shows several bifurcations; the bases of the branches only being preserved. The remaining branches are irregularly thickened and larger than the parent stipe below. . An enlargement of the columns from the broken surface of one of the branches. On several of the cell-walls there are marks like mural pores, which, if proven to be such, will remove the species from this genus to Favosites. . An enlargement from the surface, showing the cell-apertures with the maculz marked by larger cells. . A polished surface, highly enlarged, showing the cell-walls with few diaphragms except near the outer margins. Hamilton group, shore of Canandaigua Lake and other places in Western New York. CH2TETES FURCATUS. (See also Plate 37.) . A small branching specimen. 7. A larger specimen which has had at least six bifurcations in the course of its growth. The lower extremity is partially cicatrised over a broken surface, and the remainder covered by a Bryozoan, a species of Callopora. . Aportion of the broken surface at the base of one of the branches, showing the character of the columns enlarged. . An obliquely longitudinal section of a fragment, showing the cell-walls with few diaphragms, except in places near the outer margin. This and the preceding form have many characters in common, and may ultimately prove varieties of the same. The maculose surface of the first is, however, a distinct- ive external feature, while under an ordinary magnifier the fractured surfaces present the differences observable in figs. 3 and 8 of the illustrations. (CH XZTETID®.) a z) s (Senc E BHierstadt Albertype G. B, Simpson, del | | | - nt aie ~ os ' we 1 | | , | a : . a | | ¥ : | : . | y 7 . : | Ui | , : | . r 7 : | | : | | | , | | r , ; . | | | | | | | | | | : ; 7 oy 7 | ns al - te : 7 = - | . ; : -— 1 | | = x = iy | ; | a a | ; is r 7 | Fi - | | | ie | A : ; Ny, | | 4 1 ea ;: é A isi : . ; ; | : . | | | | ry | | a » 7 | | | a ; . | | 7 : | | - | a2 | | | fe 5 | | ; ; . | i . | | ‘ | | | , \ | | | | ; : 5 a i : ae . : . | : | : ' | : if : -_ : , . | : . | : ‘ e ; : = , * ; : . ‘ | . : = te. ; me . j / ; ; Fae Mien . : ri — 4 PLATE XXXIX. CYATHOPHYLLUM ? PERLAMELLOSUM. Compare Aulachophyllum sulcatum Edw.-Haime. Polyp. Foss. Terr. Paleozoiques, p. 355, pl. 6, fig. 2. a Fig. gl. 3. g. 4, g. 5. g. 6. A small specimen, the view looking obliquely into the calyx and showing the deep anterior fosset. There is a slight malformation of the lamellz on one side. . The calyx of another specimen, showing the anterior fosset, and one on each side directed obliquely forward. The lamelle are finer than in the preceding specimen, and it may possibly prove a distinct species. A lateral view of an imperfect specimen. The calyx of the preceding specimen, showing the deep anterior fosset. An external anterior view of a well-preserved specimen, which is partially denuded of the epitheca. Another view of the preceding specimen, showing the interior of the calyx, with the dis- tinct narrow fosset. The specimens bear much resemblance to Aulachophyllum sulcatum Edwards & Haime, but the lamella are more numerous, and the cellulose exterior portion of the coral shows its generic affinities with Cyathophyllum or Heliophyllum. CYATHOPHYLLUM VALIDUM Nn. sp. An anterior view of a large specimen, showing the primary lamellee, with the lateral second- ary ones diverging therefrom. © . A lateral view of the preceding specimen, showing the lateral primary and secondary lamelle. . A view looking directly into the calyx. This beautiful robust form occurs in the Upper Helderberg Limestone, near Batavia, and other places in Western New York, Ontari, and at the Falls of the Ohio. AMPLEXUS YANDELLI. Amplexus yandelli Edw.-Haime. Polyp. Foss. Terr. Paleozoiques, p. 344, pl. 3, figs. 2, 2a. 10. A figure of a somewhat distorted specimen, which is imperfect at the base. The lamelle cf the calyx are somewhat more slender at.d extend more nearly to the center than represented in the figures cited above. GIR, ENR hIDIF RIBIARe EROWP. (CYATHOPHYLLID®.) f Wy i ‘its 7. Ah) Hie Hy | te mae Sa ae at ate EAN Sosa iy dekh iS a