t&M

II lili'^i'i

ID I I

I Milt Ul

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FROM

ittlb, Morehouse & Taylok,

Printers and Bookbinders

New Haven, Ct.

•I

r

V

s-f

ILLUSTRATIONS

OF

XORTH AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY,

(■UNITED STATES AKD CANADA,)

By Townend Glover, Washington, D. C.

ORTHOPTERA.

CONTENTS:

Introduction Ill

Arrangement of Families V

Plates

Notes on Food and Habits of Orthoptera 1

Parasites 2

List of Substances Injured by Ortboptera 5

List of Genera figured 7

List of Species figured 9

List of Dp.sirWfl.ta. ftnrl P.rro+o 1 '

'■'■■■■ (■ V ili2<t>u/eiza, C-€4flsC.J

J. S. TOMLINSON, PRINTER AND BOOKSELLER,

1872.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by

TOWNEND GLOVER,

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.

IXT"KOOr(TIO\.

It is not the design of the author in the following work, to present
scientific or highly-finished engravings of North American Orthoptera, but
merely figures, giving a general idea of their form, .size, and color, to aid the
young Entomologist in the identification of species. At the same time refer-
ence is made to their names in Me. Samuel H. Sctjdder's "Catalogue of
Orthoptera of North America," published by the Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, 1868, and to his "Materials for a Monograph of the North
American Orthoptera," published in "Proceedings Boston Society Natural
History, 1862," where many original descriptions as well as the names of
their authors may be found. The Rev. Cyrus Thomas has described many
new species in the "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,"
Philadelphia, 1870, and in the "Geological Surveys of Territories, made by
Dr. F. V. Hayden," 1870 and 1871.

In some cases it has been found necessary to figure European insects.
where no specimens of the allied genera or species could be procured in the:
United States. In all such instances, the figures will 1"? marked as European,
and due credit given to the original work from which they wore taken.

In the arrangement of the list accompanying each plate, the first name
given is always that of the latest and best authority ; and the last, the name of
the genus in which it was formerly placed by its first discoverer. As the works
of Say and Harris are most widely disseminated in the Northern and East-
ern states, then- names will also be given as synonyms when deemed necessary.

Some of the insects figured have been transferred from other orders
to the Orthoptera, for the reasons given below, namely: — The Thripidce
were' formerly placed by Wesxwood by themselves in Tlujsanoptera, and
more lately by Dr. Packard among the HemA/ptera: but asWESTWOOD distinct-
ly says that " as they possess two setiform mandibles, and the disposition of
the other parts of the mouth are those of a real mandibulatcd insect," they
cannot properly be retained amongsl the haustellate Hemiptera, and are
therefore placed provisionally amongst the Orthoptera. Podura and its
allies also possess small mandibles with minute teeth, and are not mentioned
by Mn. Scudder in his list of Orthoptera; but as Lexjnis in his "Synopsis

IV INTRODUCTION.

der drei Naturreiche " places them under the head of "Division B, false or
wingless Orthoptera," they have also been classed with the Orthoptera until
a better place can be found for them. The Mallophaga or bird lice also
possess distinct jaws instead of a sucking tube, (Yen-ill,) ami have small and
hookdike mandibles. Such being the case, they cannot be placed with the
true Pedieulina which are decidedly haustellate, and are, therefore, also
placed provisionally in Division B, or Wingless Orthoptera of Leunis.

The text to accompany these plates will consist of merely the latest
name, and some of the principal synonyms of the insects figured, with a
concise history of their habits as far as known; their food, habitat; the besl
remedies used to destroy them if injurious, and the name of the donor, with
a very short description of the principal families, or genera, and in some
instances a brief notice of the principal difference, or any striking peculiarity,
which distinguishes closely allied species from each other, s >as to call attention
to that particularly in the comparison or arrangement "I' specimens in a
cabinet. There will also be a full alphabetical list of the principal vegetable
and animal substances injured by any species at the end of the volume, for
the use of farmers who do not understand anything about Entomology, but
who can thus be enabled to identity any particular insect by referring to the
plant on which it is generally found feeding.

The thanks of the author are due to Mr. S. I. Smith, oi Vale College,
New Haven, Connecticut; Mi; Chas. It. Dodge, of Washington, D. O; Mr.
C. V. Biley, of St. Louis, Mo. for specimens kindly giveD from their own
private collections, and from which the original drawings were prepared.
Espeeial acknowledgment is due to the Rev. Cyrus Thc Illinois, ami

Mr. Philip R. Uhler, of Baltimore, Md., no! only for type specimens, but
also for their valuable aid in comparing them with others, ami in determining
doubtful species. It may also be well to observe, thai the original type
specimens have been carefully preserved in tin.' Entomological cabinet of the
Museum of the Department of Agriculture in Washington, for future refer-
ence by any Entomologist who may wish to work up or study the Orthopter-
ous insects of the United Stat'- and < lanada.

This small pioneer edition of fifty co] utended for distribution te

Entomologists ami Entomological Societies only. The plates have been
etched and the text written either alter or before the hours of official duty;
and it is also published at the expense of the author, and nol by the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. If it should be approved of, it is proposed to publish
yearly, or from time to time additional plates &C. of the same size and in
similar style of any new or rare Orthoptera which may 1 » • add. id to our list 1 > v
the exploring expeditions, or by private enterprise, as likewise eventually to
illustrate all the other orders of insects in a similar maimer.

INTRODUCTION.

V

The following table of the principal families of Orthoptera has been temporarily arranged
for the use of young Entomologists who wish to classify their collections. The nam.: of the
family to which each insei I belongs in Scudder's Catalogue, &c.will be placed (in italics) as the end
.if the list of names and synonyms appended to each plate

Srylljdes Scudder I Ex. Acanthus, or flower cricket. Gryllus, com-

AcUhdae {Leach)oJ Westw i. I mon cricket, and Gryllotalpa or mole cricket.

Locustariae Scudd l phaneroptera, Phylloptera, Microcentrum and Cyr

Gryllidae.. [Leach.) Westw I tophyllus. (Katydids.) Xyphidium; Orcheli

mum, &c.\ slender meadow grasshoppers or
Katydids, &c . (Ceuthophilus I large wingless
cricket it grasshopper of Utah, ami Hadense
cus, cave wingless cricket.

Division A

True
Orthoptera.

Acrydii Scudd. I Acridium, Caloptenus, ^Edipoda, Stenobothrus,&c.;

Locustulai I Leaeh i Westw. | ww grasshoppers ; ami Tettix, grouse 1." usts

Phasmida. Scudd. '!
Phasmidae. Westw I

Spectres. Walking sticks.

Mantides. Scudd. 1 Rear horses or soothsayers.
Manhaai Westw \

Blattariae. Scudd,

Blattidae. (Stephens ) Westw.

Cockroaches.

Forficulariae Scudd.
Forfieulidae (Stephens

Westw.

Earwigs.

I h vision B.

False
i Orthoptera

Fringed I Thripidae Thrips and allies,

wings. \ ' '

Poduridae Spring ami bri

formerly order Thysanoptera oj West
wood.

| {..run rly o rd< r Th y ■" n n i • <

Stle tails l',i, mi ,n.,l IiiIi-Iii in X.iini/i

Wingless
i Irthoptera.

I tera. Packard

Mallophaga.

. , [ in i.nl.i Orthoptera by Gerstaecker, &e.

'i liui jil, i. , ,1 in Hemiptera by Packard.

The False Orthoptera have been put after tin- Tun- I Irthoptera, so that they may either be
left >.iit altogether, or removed into other 'Tilers if found desirable.

PLATE I.— ORTHOP TERA.

Fie I

2I

Platamfldes (Scudd l pennsylvanica Scudd
Blatta (Linn.) De G

Periplaneta | Burm i amerii ana Burn i

Blatta i l.iim. ! Linn I

Platamodes (Scudd ipennsylvanica. Scudd I
Blatta (l.inii.) De Gei

Ectobia (Westw.) germanica. Stephens I
Blatta (Linn.) ' " Aude * Brulle. 1

Stylopyga i Fischer) orientalis Fisch. deW I
Blatta (Linn ) Linn. I

S. ii. 1. 1 i ..I 7"

Til

.1.1. M.

I I

III, ill •

9
10
II

II

16

Diapheromera (Graj I fi i 'ata. Scudd.

Bacteria i Lata i Sayii. Burm.
Bacunculus (Burm.) femoratns. Uhler.
Spectrum (Sei v i femoratum Saj

Anisouiorpha (Scudd.) buprestoides I rray
Spectrum (Serv.) bivittatum. Say.
Phasma (Licht.) buprestoides. Stoll.

Stenopelmatus (Burm i talpa. f Burm.

Labia ( Leach) minuta. Scudd.

Thamnotrizon (Fischer) dorsale. 2 Burm.

Gryllotalpa (Latr.) longipennis. ^ Scudd.

i rryllus (Linn.) pennsylvanicus. $ Burm.
Acheta i Fab.) pennsj Ivanica Uhler.

Acridium (Geoff.) americanum. $ Scudd
Cyrtacanthacris (Walk.) " Walk.

Gryllus (Linn.) Drury.

Caloptenus (Serv.) bivittatus. 'l> Dhler. j

femoratus. Burm. /

Gryllus (Linn.) bivittatus. Say. )

78.
13.

ii.
29.

ii HtiiKUijrfu

II

J,tirn»hi r'utr

1 1 ;").

/;„/,, ufarvi

ii.

l.,„-i>*i.n inc.

1 _•>',.

(Iryllirlc*

12^.

[■$

|i;.;

Acrmfii

*Scudder's Catalogue and M - apl

Intio.hu ii.m

I

PLATE II. — ORTHOPTERA,

MANTIS CAROLINA (Linn.) Scudder's Catalogue, p 18. Phasmv/a

Fig. 1 Egg case.

- Egg case with young escaping

3 Young Mantis devouring another

1 Young Mantis in ihe Nymph state (Gray variety.)

5 Young " " " i1 rreen variety i

ii Imago. Mantis Carolina. (Linn.)

7 " " $ (Gray var |

8 " (I Ireen var.)

9 Egg case cut longitudinally to exhibit structure

10 ■'

11 " transversely

12 Wings of $

13, 14, 15 Base of Antennae, fore legs and tarsi.
16 Wings of ?
* 17 Sciara?

*This fly was popularly believed to be connected with the yellow fever which raged in Norfolk,
Va. in 1855. They were exceedingly numerous there during the whole time the yellow fever was
prevalent in that year, and hence were known in Norlolk and its vicinity as "yellow fever flies'
(See Sciara in Diptera.)

II

PLATE III.— ORTHOPTERA.

] Idipoda ■ Lat irala CJhlei .

[jocusta Linn.) Harr

oda i Lata | disi oidea
\ ridium (Geoff.) tuberculatum, i
Beauv.

Scudd ' :

"

56.

Mo

Romalea (Serv.) microptera.
Gryllus (Fab.) centurio. Burm.

Serv. i

I

Ceuthophilus (Scudd.) maculatus. + Scudd.
Rbaphidophora (Charp.) maculata. Ftarr.

Phalangopsis (Burm. Harr.

Ephippigera (Serv.)
MSS.

6 Tridactylus (Oliv.) terminalis. Scudd.

'I
8

10
II
12

<Edipoda.(Latr.) discoidea. ^ Serv. )
A.cridium (Geoff. ) tuberculatum. Pal de I

Beauv. J

iEdipoda (Lata.) corallipes. + Hald.

Nemobius (Serv.) vittatus. !i' Scudd. I
Axheta (fab.) servilis. Harr. and Say MSS. i

c? " "

Orocharis (Ubler.) saltator. , I'hler.

21.

^J

56.

54.

54

58.

58

17-'
172.

Acrydii

1 14.

I-'".

Gryllides

1618

Acrydii.

".

"

130

Grylh Irs

130

"

ii.

"

ii

»

PLATE IV.— ORTHOPTERA.

' CEcanthus (Serv | nivens $ De Geer. i
Fig. 1 -j " faeciatne. Fitch. Scudd Cal 55 Scudd Mono. 431. Gryllides.

Gryllus (Linn.) niveus. Oliv. J

2 C? '•

{Microcentrum (Scudd.) retinervis. $ )
Scudd.
Phylloptera (Serv.) Burin. J

C Phylloptera (Serv.) oblongifolia 9
4-^ Burin.
( Locusta (Linn.) " De Geer.

(CEi anthus (Si i v. bipunctatus. $
De Geer.
GDcanthus " punctulatus. Fitch. I
Gryllus (Linn.) bipunctatus. De Geer. J

1 - . 1

I;., I

6 .. , ■■ ?

* J Orchelimum (Serv.) vulgare. !j
{ Pterophylla (Kirby MSB.) agilis

<f

132 Gryllide*

55

132.

59.

" 152 Locuntaricti

1 ^

I Mesops (Serv.) Wyomingensis. Thomas. |Proceedi Academ v Natura! ,
9 Opomala (Serv. -mend.) Wyomingensis. Philadelphia, 1871.

( Th

f Philadelphi;

f Xyphidium (Serv.) fasriatum. $ Serv. |

Pterophylla (|irby MSS.) fasciata. Harr. I S(Judd_ (/at M gcudd Miili„ ,-, /„,,.,,

1 Orchelimum (Serv.) gracile. Harr.

Locusta i Linn, i fasciata. De Geer.

11 Xyphidium (Serv. i brevipennis. $ Scudd.

3 .„ | Conocephalus (Thunb.) ensiger. $ Hair. |
( Locusta (Linn.) acuminata. Stoll. j

13 Stenobothrus (Fisch.) admirabilis. Uhler.

' Pyrgomorpha (Fiach.) brevicornis. 9
Thomas.
Opomala (Serv. emend.) "
Truxalis | Linn.) " Fab

Gryllus (Linn.) (Acridium Fab.) brevi-
cornis. Linn.

84.

151.
149
0. Aa ydii

14

Cyrtophyllus(Burm.) concavus. $ Scudd. |
, Platyphyllum (Serv. I concavum. Harr. I

IP

and Harr.

Pterophylla (Kirby MSS.) concava. Say
AY

,a ( Egg and young of Microcentrum retin- )
15 { ervis. Scudd. See Fig. 3. j

83.

24

53

441. Locustariat

436.

i

PLATE V. — ORTHOP 1 KRA.

Fie. 1

*Tettix (Latr. emend.) ornata. Scudd.
Tetrix (Latr.) quadrimaculata. 9 Harr.

Var. figure'l.
Tetrix (Latr.) bilneatus. Harr. Var.
" dorsalis.

sordida. "

" " arenosa. Burm "

Acridium (Geoff.) ornatum. Say

J

I /Edipoda i Latr.) Carolina.
3-4 Locusta (Linn.) caroliniana. Catesb^

Burm
. Catt. „
( Locusta (Linn.) corolina. I. inn. A Eian

jEdipoda (Latr.) phoenicoptera. 9 )

1 term. [■

Locusta (Linn.) corallina. Hair J

Acridium (Geoff.) rubiginosuni. 9 llarr. i

MSS. L

Acridium (Geoff.) damnificum Sauss. J

( iEdipoda i Latr.) sulphurea. r? Burm. i

6 J Gryllus (Fab.) " Kali. I

( Locusta (Linn.) " Linn & llarr. J

I Tettix ( Latr. emisnd) lateralis Si add
7-^ Tetrix (Latr.) " Ean

( Acrydium (Geoff, i Say

i BatrarhidealScrv. cristata. Scudd, (Var.)
'{ Tetrix i Latr i " Harr. MSS.

Tragocephala (Harr.) vindifasciata. 9
Harr.

9 Tragocepbala (Harr.) radiata. llarr.
jEdipoda i Latr | virginiana. Burin.
Acridium (Geoff) virginianum. Oliv.

Scudd i'.i! 79. Si add Mono. 174. At ry In

79 174.

56. 168

( Egg of Phaneroptera (Serv.) curvicauda.

10

Serv.

Phaneroptera (Serv.) angustifolia. Harr.
Locusta (Linn. ) curvicauda. De Geer.

I Caloptenus (Serv.) femur rubrnm. 9 )
11- Burm.

( Acridium (Geoff.) femur rubrum. Harr. J

. o f Acridium (Geoff.) obscurum. $ Burm. I
"t Gryllus (Fab.) J

iEdipoda (Latr.) eucerata. Uliler in |
, , I Florida variety.

Locusta (Linn.) Harr.

, . | Stenobothrus (Fischer.) maculipennis. 9
li { Scudd.

. _ ( Stenobothrus (Fischer, ) longipennis. $
10 1 Scudd

( Caloptenus (Serv.) bivittatus. rf t'hler. )

16 < " " femoratus. Burm. >

( Gryllus (Linn.) bivittatus. Say. )

57.

47.

65.

20

56.

20

468.

167

170

177

178.

161.

44s. LocHslariae

164 .1

467.

dii

458.

457.

165.

*A11 these so-called species of Harris, &c, are said (by Scudder) to be merely varieties ol Tettix
ornata, (Scudd.) (Acridium ornatum, Say I and that the T. ornata of Harris is the T. granulates of
Scudder's monograph, p. 414.

V

J £.',

PLATE VL— ORTHOPTERA.

fPhilopterus (Nitzsch | falcicornis. Nitzsch. |
p- , ] Europe From *Leunis, p 650
°' I Pediculus (Linn I pavonius. Linn. Eu
[ rape. From Leunis.

_' Machilis (Latr.) variabilis. Say. Massachusetts

3 Machilis (Latr.) variabilis. Say. Massachusetts

4 Phlocethrips (Halid.) coriacea. Halid. From Westwood.

5 Thrips (Linn.)sp.? Europe. From Leunk p 648

G Lepisma (Linn.) saccliarina. Linn. From Leunis p 650

7 Podura (Linn.) villosa. Fab. Europe. From Leunis, p. 650
7". Smynthurus (Latr.) sp.? Not described. (Maryland, in fungi

8 Trichodectes Nitzsch i latus De Geer. Europt From Leunis p 651

9 Thrips (Linn.) sp.? (Maryland, in greenhouse.)

, n f Chloealtis (Harr.) conspersa. Harr. |c ii ,■ . ...> ii w i--

10 \ on i. ii I it Scudd. i at. 22 Scudd. Mom

( Chloealtis (Harr.) abortiva. Harr. j

Chloealtis (Harr.) viridis. $>

Mallophaga

ApU 1 1
OrthopU ra

'I' In ipidce.
ptera I

Mallophaya .

. 1 1 rydii.

11

viridis
Stenobothrus I Fisi ber | viridis. _,

12 Phylloptera (Sen i rotuudifolia. +

!

Scudd. i

Si add. i

Scudd

69.

(■ Nemobius (Sen . i fasciatus . Si add
13< Acheta Fab bospes Fab
( Gryllus I Fab. I fasciatus. De 1 1

11

15

Gryllus (Fab.) domesticus. $ Park
Acheta (Fab.) di stica. Thomas. 11!

d 1

Stenohotbrus \ Fischer, i curtipennis

Scudd.

Chloealtis (Harr.) curtipennis. Harr.
Locusta i Linn.) "

Pezotettix (Burm.) borealis. $

<? "

16
17
18

19 Forficula (Linn i sp ? From N Y.

20 Cryptocercus (Scudd | punctulatus. Scudd.

21 Stenobothrus (Fiscb i sequalis .. Si add

22 Phyllopalpus (Uhler.) pulchellus. 1

23 GSdipoda (Latr i eu erata Erichs.
f Opomala (Serv. emend.) bivittatta. 9

63
63.

ft;

21.
77.
68
56.

24

Serv.
Opsomala (Serv.) bivittatta. Serv.
( Acridium (Geoff.) De Haan

25 Phrynotettix verruculata (Uhler. MSS I
From Pecos River, Texas.

•>C f Opomala(Serv. emend.) bivittatta

( Opsomala (8erv.)

27 Stenobothrus (Fischer.) maculipennis.
var. Scudd

58.
76

1 15

"

1 15.

I

130.

ides

0.

456.

164.
164

.i

164.

■■

/ ... II lllil 1 ,il

12D.

I I.I

159.

Acrydii

0.

i . 'ides.

472.

. 1' ; ydii.

"Leunis. "Synopsis der drei Naturreiche." Hannover.

PLATE VII.— ORTHOPTERA.

C Tettigidea (Scudd.) polymorpha. Scndd. "j
Fig. 1 < Tetrix (Latr.) parvepeiinis. Harr.

( " " polymorpha. Burm (Var. B.) J

f Phaneroptera (Serv.) curvicauda. tf1

2 (Se™-)
1 Phaneroptera (Serv.) augustifolia. Harr. f
[ Locusta (Linn.) curvicauda. De Geer. J

ICeuthophilus (Scndd.) lapidicolus $
(Scudd.)
Rhaphidiphora (Charp.) lapidicola. Burm.
Phalangopsis (Serv.)

r>unu. j
Barm. I

„ f Orchelinram (Serv.) vulgare. tf Harr.)
b \ Pterophylla (Kirhy MSB.) agilis. Harr. j

7 " " " 9 "

ICopiophora (Walk.) mucronata $
Thomas. (Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr
1871; 444, and Can. Ent. 1872.
Copiphora (Serv. of Agass.)

„ ( CEdipoda (Latr.) marmorata. ? Uhler. 1
1 '( Locusta (Linn.) " Harr. j

f Stenobothrus (Fischer.) curtipennis. $ 1

. f, ] Scudd. I

1 Chloealtis (Harr.) curtipennis $ Harr. |

[ Locusta (Linn.) Harr. J

. , ( Brachypeplus (Charp.) magnus. $ 1
11 \ Girird. I

19 f Stylopyga(Fisch.) orientalis. ? Fischer, 1
U \ Blatta .(Linn.) ' f

f Gryllotalpa (Latr.) borealis. J> Burm. 1
i " " brevipennis. Serv.

1° j " " americana. Say. MSS

y " " borealis. Burm.

14 Daihina (Hald.) brevipes. tf Hald.

15 " " " 9 "

„ f Anabrus (Hald.) haldemannii. ? Girard. )
15 { Pterolepis " Thomas. J

„ f Gryllus (Linn.) abbreviatus. $ Serv. 1
17 { Acheta (Fab.) abbreviata. Harr. )

„ f Nemobius (Serv.) exiguus. ? Scudd. |
1 I Acheta (Fab.) exigua. Say. I

Cat. 70 Scudd. Mono. 477. Acrydii.

418. Lncustiirm,

65.

21.

21.
57.
57.

23.

56.

77.

20.
78.

29.

24.
24.

3.

30.
55.

448.

435.

435.

452. Gryllides.

452.

0. Acrydii

17:-..
456.

416. Blattai ■<•

456. Oryll

443. Locustariai

443.

0.
427. GryUides.
429.

"vn

PLATE VIII.— ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. 1 Caloptenus (Serv.) spretus. ? Uhler MSS. Scudd. Cat. 0. Scudd. Mono.

C Caloptenus (Serv.) femur-rubrum. $ )
2^ Burm.
( Acridium (Geoff.) " Han

I

' Scudd. in Hay-
den's Geol.
3 CEdipoda (Latr.) atrox. } Surv.Neb.253
| Havden's Geol.
[Surv., 1871,458..

. ( Pezotettix (Burm.) picta. $ Thomas. )
* I Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil. 1870. j

C Thamnotrizon (Fischer.) trilineatus. $
_ I Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., '
0 I 1871, p. 443.

[ Dectieus (Serv.) trilineatus.

( Hadenajcus (Scudd.) subterraneus. $
6 \ Scudd.
I Rhaphidophora (Charp.) subk-rraneus.

(■ Tettix (Latr. emend.) lateralis (?) $ Si add
7- Tetrix i Latr.) Harr.

[ Acridium (Geoff) Say.

I iVuthophilus (Scudd.) Uhleri. $ (affinis.) I
b{ Scudd J

r Udeopsylla (Scudd.) robusta. $ Scudd.
EN Phalangopsia (Serv. ' " Hall.

I Daihinia (Hald.)

, A f Boonidon (Thomas. ) flavofasciatum. ? 1
1 Thomas. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 187' I I

II

12

3tauronotus (Fischer.) Elliotti. $ Thomas.
Pr. Acad. Nat. Sam. Phil. 1870, 82.

Caloptenus (Serv.) differentialis. ?
Thomas.

( Acridium (Geoff.) alutaceum. ? Harr. )
.o ] (Small spec.) !

J Acridium rusticum (Burm. only.)
" torvum. Say. and Harr.

14

( Copiophora (Walk.) mucronata. $

Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr.,

} 1871, p. 444.

[r

Copiphofa (Sei ? I J

15 Camptonotns (Uhler.) Scudderi. <j> Dhler.

I<>

70.

21.

83.

23

21.

0. Acrydii
464.

Locustariae.

440.

177

435.

443.

Acrydii.
Locustm '"■

Acrydii.

466.

0.

Locuttm ■'".'.

VIII

PLATE IX.— ORTHOPTERA.

f Anabrus (Hald.) simplex. - Hald
Fig. 1 ■! Thomas Haydens Geol. Surv.Terr.
[ L871, p. 438.-

(CEdipoda (Latr. i tenebrosa.
Thomas Geol. Surv. Ti rr. L871, p I '9
Tomonotus (Sauss. ) mexicanns. I
Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1870.

o f Brachypeplus (Charp.) virescens. $
{ Charp.

Scudd. Cal s Si udd. Mo

J

( Caloptenus (Serv.) differentialis, tf
[ Thomas.

Gryllus (Linn.) formosus. $ Say

f CEdipoda (Latr.) trifasciata. £ Walk.

Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv.Terr.

1871, p. 456.
CEdipoda (Latr.) pruinosa. Thomas

Pr. Acad. Nat Sci , Phil., 1 370
Gryllus (Linn > tin i iats Say.Am.Ent.

Fig. 3, v\. 34.

Acrolophitus (Thomas.) hirtipes +

Thomas.
Gryllus (Linn.) hirtipes. Say.

f Dectieus (Serv.) pallidipalpis. I Thomas.
' 1 Hayden'sGeol.SuTv.Terr 1871, p. 142

. f Locusta (Linn.) fuliginosa. rj1 Thomas.
\ Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871, p. 143.

Gryllus (Linn.) luctuosus. 9

and Serv
Acheta (Linn.) luctuosus.

Burm.

10

11 Acheta (Linn.) luctuosus rj1

5.
34.

21

1 1 /.... ■;.-.(, /,.,

A( rydii.

0. 'i i ,

0 .1

0.

!5

0.

hocn •'" < <>'

. 1 t/dii.

127

"

127

..

IX

PLATE X.— ORTHOPTERA.

f Diapheromera (Gray) femorata Soudd 1
„. I Bacteria (Latr.) Bayii Butm. 3cudd , .„ ,, 3cudd Uoao n„,

°' I Baeunculus (Burm.) femoratus. I titer.

Spectrum (Serv.) femoratum

„ ( Forficesila (Latr.) I From Westwood. ) „ 27 " 0. /■

i gigantea Serv 1 Europi an )

„ ( Labia Leai minor. Doubled. ) .. |;

( Forficula (Linn 1 minor. Burm 1

I Stenobothrus (Fischer curtipennis,

Scudd
, Chlcealti
[ Locnsta

5

S.udd. 1 -- |;„; Acrydh

' ! Chlcealtis (Harr.) curtipennis. San

Chlcealtis (Harr.) viridis. , Scudd. 1 ., .„ .. }j-

Stenobothrus (Fisch.) viridi 1

! CEdipoda (La alata Si add. 1

6 \ Locusta (Linn.) latipennis. Harr. 57. 171.

( " " verruculata Kirby. )

^ f CEdipoda I iti carinata. J Scudd.
' \ Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. j, ]

8 Gryllns (Linn I neglectus Scudd - !6 128. Grylh

( Phvlloptera (Serv.) oblongifolia. -J 1 . ,

9| Burm. " 68. 1 !■ L*

( Locusta (Linn.) oblongifolia. De Geer. J

C Tragocepbala (Harr.) infuscata. -;' 1
10 Harr. 32. " 161 4«yA».

[ Gomphocerus (Thu'nb.) infuscata. Uhler. I

f CEdipoda (Latr.) sordida. - Bi
\ Locusta (Linn.) nebulosa. Harr

Burm. 1 .. -- << 173

„ f Chlcealtis (Harr.) conspersa. ? Harr. ( „ .,., ;,-,-,

u \ " " abortiva. " 1

13 Acridmm (Geoff.) alutaceum. $ Harr 1 466.

Stenobothrus (Fisch.) maculipennis. $ ( . -- .. (-,s

Scudd. J

»l

X

PLATE XL— ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. 1 Acridium (Geoff.) frontalis. 9 Thomas. HaydcnV Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 4 18.

r Caloptenus (Serv.) occidentalis. ? j
2-^ Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., \ Acrydii

( 1371, p. 453. J

3 Caloptenus (Serv.) viridis. 9 Thomas. Hayden'sGeol. Surv. Terr., 1*71, p. 450.

( Caloptenus (Serv.) Dodgei. J* Thomas.
4^ Havden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871,
{ p. 451.

f Caloptenus (Serv.) Dodgei. $ Thou.
b\ Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871,
I P- 451.

e j Caloptenus (Serv.) differentialis. J1
{ Thomas. (Dark var.)

( Opomala (Serv. emend.) bivittata. 9
omala (Serv.)

Say

Opson

Scudd. ( !at. 5.

58.

Mesops (Serv.) Wyomingensis. 9

Thomas. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Soi.,

1871.
Opomala (Serv. emend.)

9 Caloptenus (Serv.) Dodgei. 9 Thomas. (See above.)

r Caloptenus (Serv.) Tttrnbullii. tf Thomas.
10 < (Var. A.) Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr.,
( 1871, p 152.

„ f Ephippitytha (Serv.) gracilipes. $ \ Locustariae

\ Thomas. j

1J I'haneroptera (Serv.) coloradensis, $ Thomas. MSS.

C Pezotettix (Tlurni.) obesa. 9 Thomas. I
13 -^ Hayden's Geol. Surv., Terr., 1871, \ Acrydii

I p. 454. J

14 Pezotettix (llurm.) obesa. 9 Thomas.

15 Ephippigera (Serv.) tschivavensis. $ (Hald.) Stansbury's Report.

(■ Locusta (Linn.) occidentalis. 9 Thomas.
irJ Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p.
[ 1 11.

C Pterolepis (Serv.) minutus. 9 Thomas.

17 J Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871. p. 441. \ Locusi

( Anabrus (Hald.) minutus. Thomas.

XI

PLATE XII.— ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. 1 Nirmus argulus. From Rev. J. G. Wood. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 6S6. Mallophaga

2 Menapon pallidum. Nat. Hist., Illustrated, p. I 6

3 Trichodectes longicornis. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 685.

4 Trichodectes ec;ui. Nat. Hist, illustrated, p. 685.

5 Doeophorus cygni. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 686.

6 Ilaeinatopinus piliferuc. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 685.

( Haematopinus suis. Denny Monog. an-
7< oplurum. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p.
{ 685.

8 CEdipoda (Latr.) rugosa. $ Scudd. Scudd. Cat. 55. Scudd. Mono. 469. Acrydii

9 Thnps (Linn.) cerealeum. Halid. From an English work. Thripidtx.

10 " '• " "

11 Phlceothrips autumnalis. Uhler. Found on Oak, Md. "

, 9 f 03dipoda (Latr.) montana. 5 Thomas.)

l*\ Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 462. } Aerydn

( OEdipoda (Latr.) cincta. $ Thomas.
13^ Proc. Acad Nat. Sci., Phil., 1870. 70.
( Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871,p. 464.

, , | Caloptenus (Serv.) griseus. ? Thomas. )
11 \ Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p 454. j

. - | GSdipoda I Latr.) undulata. Thomas. 1
I Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 4G0. J

16 Mantis (Linn.) New sp. Mantides.

fffidipoda(Latr)maritima. f Scudd. 1 8(.mW c 56. Scudd. Mono. 172. Acrydii.
{ Locusta (Linn.) mantima. (llarr.) J J

| Stenobothrus (Fischer.) curtipennis. $ )
.„ ! Scudd. „ i.- „ ,-r. „

j Chlcealtis (llarr.) curtipennis. Harr.
[ Locusta (Linn.) " llarr. J

r Tettix (Latr. emend.) ornata. Scudd. "I
19 J Acridium (Fab.) ornatum. Say. (From [ 79. 474.

( Say's fig.) j

20. QLdipoda (Latr.) pellucida. ? Scudd. " 57. " 472.

f CEdipoda (Latr.) carlingiana. <$ Thomas. ]

21 Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1870, 81, and \

[ Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, p 275. j

XII

PLATE XIII.— ORTHOPTERA.

C Eggs of Phylloptera (Serv.) oblongifolia. ]
Fig. M "Burm. \ Scudd. Cat. 68. Scudd. Mono. 445. Locustariae.

[ Locusta (Linn.) oblongifolia. De Geer. J

2 Pezotettix (Burm.) nebrascensis. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr. , 1 37] , p 155 Acrydii.

o ( CEdipoda (Latr.) Haldemanni. Scudd. Hayden's Geol. Surv., Neb., p. 253.
\ CEdipoda (Latr.) corallipes. Hald. Stansbury's Rep., p. 3V1, pi. 10, fig. 2.

4 CEdipoda (Latr.) longipennis. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv., 1871, p. 463.

5 Batrachidea (prob.) pupa. From Md.

,. ( Thamnotrizon (Fischer) scabricollis. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., r ,,.,.„.,.

6 | 1871, p. 441. L

Stenopelmatus (Burm.) faseiatus. Thomas, (large sp. from C'al.) Hayden's Geol.
Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 434.

f CEdipoda (Latr ) aequalis. Uhler. 1

8 \ Locusta (Linn.) " Harr. I Scudd. Cat. 55. Scudd. Mono 470. .1
[ Gryllus (Linn.) " Say. J

9 Pezotettix (Burm.) unicolor. Thomas.

1f) ( Boopidon (Thomas) nubilum. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv Terr., 1870, p. 273.
( Boopidon (Thomas) nigrum. Thomas. Gryllus (Linn.) nubilus. Say.

11 Mantis (Linn.) missouriensis. Riley. MSS. Ma

12 Mantis (?) Thomas. From Wyoming Terr,

13 Oxycoryphus (Fischer) obscurus. Thomas.Hayden'sGeol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p46ii. Acrydii

14

*Acridium (Geoff.) semi-rubrum. Saussure. Scudd. Cat. 7.

\ Acridium (Geoff.) flavicorne of Stoll.

, r f Caloptenus (Serv.) spretus. Uhler. (Young insect.) Thomas. ,,

( Desc. Hayden's Geol. Surv. 1871, p. 451.

•Acridium semi-rubrum is said, by Rev. Cyrus Thomas, to have been taken in Southern Texas
but is mentioned by Fitch in Trans. N. Y. S. Ag. Soc, 1856, p. 490, as occurring in Cayenne only.

XIII

XIV

.., ,

XV

NOTES ON FOOD

HABITS OF ORTMOPTERA.

The list of vegetable and animal substances injured by Orthoptera, as
given below, comprises a very small number of the most important, as ii
would take up too much space in a merely preliminary sketch to enumerate
them all.

Should, however, the text relating to the insects figured be published,
it is designed to give a full list of all the substances injured, as well as all
the insects injuring them, as mentioned by the various authors who have
written on the subject.

Before commencing the list it may, however, be advisable to mention
some of the principal families, in relation to their food, in general terms.
The Gryllina (Ceuthophilus, PI. Ill, Fig. 5; CEcanthus, PL IV, Figs. 1, 2,)
are mostly vegetable feeders, whilst Anabrus simplex (PI. IX, Fig. 1,) varies
its diet, according to the Bev. Cyrus Thomas, by devouring the Cicada, or
harvest-flies, whenever it can capture them.

The true crickets (Gryllus or Acheta, PI. X, Fig. 8,) live under stones,
&c, ami, although vegetable feeders, living on roots and herbage, yet, ii.
many instances, they injure animal substances, such as cloth, leather, &c,
when it is in the neighborhood of their haunts. The Mole crickets (Gryl-
Lotalpa, PI. VII, Fig. 13,) burrow under the earth like moles, and usuallyfeed
on roots and herbage, and in Europe do considerable injury. The Locustariae
(Phaneroptera, PL VII, Figs. 2, 3; Cyrtophyllus, PL IV, Fig. 15, katydids,)
inhabit shrubs and trees, feeding principally on their foliage, whilst the
slender meadow grasshopper, Orchelimum (PL IV, 78,) feeds mostly on gra
and herbage. The wingless Locustariae (Stenopelmatus, PL XIII, Fig. 7,)
live on the ground and are said to feed on vegetable substanc :.

The Acrydii, or true grasshoppers and locusts, (Caloptenus, PL VII,
Acridium, PL I, Fig. 15; CEdipoda, PL V, Fig. 3 ; and Locusta, PI. IX,
Fig. 9,) live principally amongst the grass and low herl 'age, and devour all
kinds of vegetable substances. Some species assemble in great nun
when migrating, like the locust of scripture, and are extremely injurious I i
almost all kinds of vegetation. The Mantides (Mantis Carolina, PL II.) are
altogether predaceous. They kill and devour all other -insects they can over-

power, and are, therefore, almost the only family amongst the Orthoptera
which are at all beneficial to the farmer as destroying other injurious insects.
The Phasmidae, spectres, or walking sticks, (Diapheromera, PI. X, Fig. 1,)
resemble twigs, in form and color, and feed on the foliage of various shrubs
ami trees, whilst the Blattariae, or cockroaches, (Stylopyga, PL VII, Fig. 12;
Ectobia, PI. I, Figs. 4, 5,) are almost omnivorous, feeding indiscriminately on
both vegetable and animal substances, and are extremely destructive in houses
and on shipboard. The Forficulariae, or earwigs, (Forficula, PL X, Fig. 2,)
are not numerous enough in this country to do much injury, but in Europe
are said to injure flowers and ripe fruit, and occasionally to feed on small in-
sects. The Thripidae certainly do much injury to the tender foliage of the
grape vine, &c, and are very destructive to greenhouse plants. Thrips
cerealeum, (PL XII, Figs. 9, 10,) injures the wheat crop in Europe by suck-
ing the sap of the grain or seed and cause it to shrivel up and wither. Mr.
Walsh, however, considered the true Thrips in the light of a beneficial
insect, stating that it destroyed the lavvae of the destructive wheat midge
Cecidomyia (Diplosis) tritici and other injurious insects.

Some of the wingless orthoptera (Podura, the springtail, PL VI, Fig. 17,)
are stated, by Mr. Curtis, to feed upon the pulp of leaves, at the same time
poisoning the sap and thus injuring the plants. The Mallophaga (or bird
lice, PL XII, Fig. 1,) Nirmus argulus and dog louse, Trichodectes latus,
PL VI, Fig. 8.) feed upon the feathers and hairs of the birds or animals they
infest, and do not injure them by sucking the blood. By thus studying the
food of the various Orthopterous insects, we find that all of them are more
or less injurious to the farmer, with the sole exception of the Mantis, or
rear-horse, as it is commonly called in Maryland and Virginia, which lives
altogether on animal food, and is, therefore, beneficial as destroying injurious
insects.

The family of Orthoptera is stated, by Dr.. Packard, to contain "about
5,000 species" and constitutes a very important article of food for certain
animals, birds and fishes. Some of the grasshoppers are even eaten by our
western Indians, when partially roasted and coarsely pulverized between two
stones. A specimen of food used by the Indians now in the Museum of tin
Department of Agriculture, in "Washington, sent from Camp Harney, Or' gon,
by Asst. Surgeon Moffatt, TJ. S. A., which contains a great number
of the heads and femora of some great wingless grasshopper or cricket,
(apparently Anabrus simplex, PL IX, Fig. 1,) which is so abundant in some
parts of the west. Several of the Orthoptera are also subject to be destroyed
by both external and internal parasites. A coleopterous insect, Ehipiphorus,
(Symbius) blattarum, probably the same as Rhipidius, mentioned by Packard,
is parasitic in the bodies of certain cockroaches. Several species of Ichneu-
mon-flies, Evania loevigata, Oliv, and a species of Pteromalus are said to
destroy the eggs of cockroaches. A large species of Asilus, or robber-fly,
according to the Rev. C. Thomas, also destroys numbers of grasshopper^ by
sucking out their juices. A species of Tachina, a two-winged fly, very similar

to our house fly, but larger, and having a more hairy body, destroys the p i
feet insect of the Mantis, or rear-horse, as many as nine having come out
of the body of one Mantis Carolina, (PL II, Figs. 1, 2, 3-.) An Iclineonnm-
tly destroys the eggs of katydids. Crickets, grasshoppers and katy«&3s
are infested with the Filaria, Gregarina ami Gbrdins, hair-snakes, or worrap,
which live in their bodies A small scarlet-red mite-. Astoma locustazam
(Walsh) or Ocypete of Harris is frequently found clustered- on the- body sir
under the wings of grasshoppers, and it is said that when numerous,, tn*'y
eventually kill the insect they infest. In late summer and autumn gcead
numbers of dead and dried-up grasshoppers are frequently observed in Ma-
ryland and Virginia, clinging fast to the- tops of the highest stalks o£ grass
or weeds. These probably have been destroyed by some animal or vegetaMe
parasite, at present unknown.

Many of the so-called dirt-daubers, mud and sand wasps, provision
their nests with young grasshoppers to serve as food for their larva, ai 1
there is no doubt that when more attention is given to the- habits of oxar
Orthoptera, many other parasites especially among the Ichneumon-fliesrChaI-
cididea, &c., will be discovered and made known to the public.

ALPHABETICAL LIST

OF

VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES

IX.H'RED BY

m

rsi

A. •

The number of the plate on which the insect is figured will be distinguished by being in
in numerals, whilst the number of the figure will be placed in italic?, thus IV, '. plate 4,
figure 6.

When the mark, f, is placed before the name of an insect, it signifies that it is injurious,
ft, very injurious; ||. beneficial; f||, more injurious than beneficial; and ||f, more benefici
than injurious.

AphideB, tli CEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, S, said to
destroy plant lice, and also injures grape-
vines, Ac.

Beneficial. See Predaceous.

Birds. Nirmus argulus, XII, 1. Louse. Para-
sitic upon

Blackberry. f CEcanthus niveus, IV, 2, is, de-
posits eggs in cane, and injures

Cherry f<T'.canthus niveus, IV, 1, S, deposits
eggs in cane, and injures

Books. fEctobia germanica, I, 4, eats, destroys
and covers with filth.

Books. f Stylopyga orientals, VII, 2, (and other
cockroaches in general,) eats, destroys, and
covers with filth.

Hadenoecus subterraneus, VIII,
found in
thing. fEctobia germanica, I, 4, eats and
destroys

nothing. f Stylopyga orientals, VII, S, eats
and destroys

Corn. See Maize.

Currant, f CEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, 2, deposits
eggs on twigs, and injures

Deer Tallow. Trichodectes longicornis, XII, 3
Louse, parasite on

Diplosis tntici. See wheat midge.

Dogs. Trichodectes latus, VI, 8. Louse, para-
site on

Dogs. Haematopinus piliferus, XII, 6. para-
sitic on

Fruits, f Gryllus neglectus, (and crickets in gen-
eral,) X, S, injure

Fruits. f Caloptenus femur-rubrum, (and grass-
hoppers in general,) VIII, S, injure

Fungi. Smynthurus.VI, 7, inhabits
Gnaphalium. Anisomorpha buprestoides I !

probably feeds on
Grain. ffCaloptenus femur-rubrum (and grass-
hoppers in general.) VIII, S, destroys plants.
Grain. ff Thrips cerealeum (Europe.) XII, 9,

10, sucks out milky juice, and destroys
Grape, f CEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, 2, devours

foliage, severs branches, and injures shoi t-

by depositing eggs in them.
Grape. f Orocharis saltator, III, 12, 12, deposits

eggs on branches, aud injures
Grass. ffCaloptenus femur-rubrum, (and all the

grasshoppers in general,) VIII, 2, eat and

destroy
Grass, f CEdipoda, sulphurea, &c, &c, V

and destroy
Grass, f Acridium americanum, &c, I, IS, (and

many of the other orthoptera.)
Greenhouse plants, ft Thrips. (?) VI, 9, injure
Herbage. See insects destroying grass.
Hog. Haematopinus suis, XII, 7, louse parasiti

on
Horse. Trichodectes equi, XII, 4, louse para

sitic on
Insects in general. See predaceous.
Leather. fEctobia germanica, (and other cock-
roaches,) I, 4, eat holes in
Lemon, f Phylloptera oblongifolia, IV, 4, (and

other insects found on orange,) injure foliage.
Maize, ff Caloptenus femur-rubrum, VIII, S,

I and many of the other grasshoppers,) injure

young plants and blades. See grass.
Melons, f Gryllus neglectus, X, S, (and other

crickets,) injure

Oak. Acridium rubiginosum, V, S, found on

Oak. Phlcethrips autumnalis. XII, 11. found on

Onion, ff Limothrips tritici (for Thrips see VI.
9,) injures

Orange. fPhylloptera oblongifolia, IV, 4, in-
jures foliage.

Orange. fRomalea niicroptera, III, 4, injures
foliage.

Orange, f Acridium obscuruni, V, a, injures fol-
iage.

Palmetto. Anisomorpha buprestoides, I, S, found
on

Paper. See books.

Peacock. Pbilopterus falcicornis, VI, 2, louse
parisitic on

Peach. fCEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, £, injures
twigs by depositing eggs in them

Plum, f OEcanthus niveus, IV, 2, i, injures
twigs by depositing eggs in them.

Potato. fGryllus neglectus, X, S, (and other
crickets,) feeds on, and injures

Potato. f Caloptenus femur rubrum, VIII, .
(and other grasshoppers,) sometimes injure
foliage.

Potato. fGryllotalpa longipennis, I, 2£, (and
mole crickets in general,) injure roots, &c.

Poultry. Menapon pallidum, XII, ... louse, par-
asitic on.

Predaceous. |] Mantis Carolina, II, 1, 2, feed en-
tirely on other insects.

Predaceous. f|| Forficula, VI, 19, said to eat
aphides, &c, but also destructive to flowers,
fruits, Ac., in Europe.

Predaceous. f || Thrips, VI, 9, said to destroy
larvaa of wheat midge, &c.

Predaceous. f||Anabrus simplex, IX, 1, de
vours harvest-fly or cicada.

Piaspberry. fGilcanthus niveus, IV, 2, 2, in-
jures twigs by depositing eggs in them.
Boots in general, fGryllus neglectus, X, S, (and

crickets in general,) feed upon and injure
Roots in general. fGryllotalpa longipennis, I,

2£,(and mole crickets in general,) feed upon

and injure
Silk. fLepisma saccharina, VI, 6, said to eat

holes in
Shrubs. f Cyrtophyllus concavus, IV, IS, (and

katydids in general,) feed on
Shrubs. Diapheromera femorata, X, 2, feeds

on foliage.
Squash, f Gryllus neglectus, X, S, (and other

crickets,) feeds upon, and injures
Pumpkin, &c. fCaloptenus femur-rubrum, VIII,

£, (and other grasshoppers,) injures foliage
Sugar-cane. Gryllotalpa didoctyla in West

Indies, injures
Swan. Dacophorus cygni, louse parasitic on
Trees. See shrubs.
Vegetables. fGryllus neglectus (X, ■'. (and

other crickets,) injures roots and leaves.
Vegetables. fGryllotalpa longipennis, I, J.

(and other mole crickets,) injures roots and

leaves.
Vegetables. ffCaloptenus femu-rrubrum, VIII.

£, (and other grasshoppers,) destroys
Vegetable substances. Podura, VI, 7, feeds upon
Victuals, ff Ectobia germanica, I, 4, (and all

cockroaches,) injures and render filthy.
Wheat. ffThrips cerealum, IX, 10, injures grain.
Wheat midge. f||Thrips, V, 9, said by Walsh

to destroy larvae of wheat midge so des

tructive to grain.
Woollen cloth. fGryllus domestica. VI, 14

eats holes in

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF GENERA
FIGURED.

Note. — The number of the plate on which the insect is figured will be distinguished by bein^;
in Roman numerals, whilst the number of the figure will be in italics, thus : IV, 6; plate 4, figure 6.

Acheta. See Gryllus, Nemobius.

Ai ridinm alutaceum, VIII, 13; X, 13.

Acridium americanum, I, IS.

Acridium frontalis, XI, 1.

A ridium obscurum, YJ2.

Acridium rubiginosum, V, S.

Acridium semirubrum, XIII, 14.

Acridium. See also. Caloptenus, CEdipoda,

Opomala, Tettix, Tragocephala.
Acrolophitus hirtipes, IX, 7.
Anabrus. See also Pterolepis.
Anabrus haldemannii, VII, 17.
Anabrus simplex, IX, 1.
Anisomorpha buprestoides, I, S.
Bacteria. See Diapheromera.
Bacunculus. See Diapheromera.

hidea (pupa) XIII, S.
Batrachidea crestata, V, $.
Blatta. See Ectobia Periplaneta.

Platamodes. Stylopyga.
Boopidon flavofasceatum, VIII, 10.
Boopidon nubilum, XIII, 10.
Brachypeplus magnus, VII, 11.
Brachypeplus virescens, IX, 3.
Caloptenus bivittatus, I, 16; V, 16.
Caloptenus differentialis, VIII, 2; IX, 4; XI, 6.
Caloptenus dodgei, XI 4, S, 9.
Caloptenus femur-rubrum, V, 11; VIII, 2.
Caloptenus griseus, XII, 14.
Caloptenus occidentalis, XI, 2.
Caloptenus spretus, VIII, 1; XIII, IS
Caloptenus turnbullii, XI, 10.
Caloptenus viridis, XI, 3.
Camptonotus scudderi, VIII, IS.
Ceuthophilus lapidicolus, VII, 4, S.
Ceuthophilus maculatus. III, S.
Ceuthophilus Uhlerii, VIII, S.
Chlcealtis conspersa, VI, 11; X, 12.
Chlcealtis viridis, X, /.
Chlcealtis. See also Stenobothrus.
Conocephalus ensiger, IV, IS.
Copiophora mucronata, VII, §; VIII, 14.
Copiphora. See Copiophora.
Cryptocercus punchilatus, VI, 20.
Cyrtacanthacris. See Acridium.
Cyrtophyllus concavus, IV, IS.
Daihinia brevipes. VII, 14, IS.
-Daihinia. See Udeopsylla.

Decticus. See also Thamnotrizon.

Decticus pallidipalpis, IX, 3.

Diapheromera femorata, I, 7/ X, 1.

Docophorus cygni, XII, S.

Ectobia germanica, I, 4.

Ephippigera tschivavensis, XI, IS.

Ephippigera. See also Ceuthophilus.

Ephippitytha gracilipes, XI, 11.

Forficesila gigantea, X. g.

Forficula. See also Labia.

Forficula. (?) VI, 19.

Gomphocerus. See Tragocephala.

Gryllotalpa borealis, VII, 13.

Gryllotalpa longipennis, I, 12.

Gryllus abbreviates, VII, 17.

Gryllus domesticus, VI, 14.

Gryllus (?) formosus, IX, S.

Gryllus luctuosus, IX, 10.

Gryllus neglectus, X, 8.

uryllus pennsylvanicus, I, 13, 14.

Gryllus. See also Acridium, Acrolophitus, Cal-
opetnus, CEcanthus, CEdipoda, Pyrgomor-
jilia, Romalea.

Hadenfficus subterraneus, VIII, 6.

Ilaematopinus piliferus, XII^ 6.
atopinus suis, XII, 4.

Labia, minor, X, 3.

Labia minuta, I, 10.

Lepisma saccharina, VI, 6.

Locusta fuliginosa, iX, 9.

Locusta occidental is XI, 16.

Locusta. See also Conocephalus, Gryllus.
ffidipoda, Phaneroptera, Phylloptera, Ste-
nobothrus. Xiphidium.

Maohilia variabilis, VI, 2, 3.

Mantis (?) XII, 16,

Mantis (?) XIII, 13.

Mantis Carolina, II, 2, f ?. &c.

Mantis missouriensis, XIII, 11.

Menopon pallidum, XII, 2.

Mesops Wyomingensis, I\', 9; XI, S.

Microcentrum retinervis, IV, 3.

Microcentrum egg, IV, 16.

Nemobius exigiuus, VII, IS.

Nemobius fasciatus, III, 9, 1 '.

Nemobius vittatus, VI, 13.

Nirmus argulus, XII, 2.

fficanthus bipunctaius, IV, S, 6.

CEcanthus niveus, [V,
CEdipoda aequalis, XIII, 8.
atrox, VIII, 3.
" carinata, X, 7.

" Carolina, A",

" carlingiana, XII, 21.

" cincta XII, 13.

" coralipes, III, 8.

" discoidea, III, 3, 7.

eucerata III, g: V, 1.3 .V!
Haldemanii, XIII, 3.

" longipennis, XIII, 4.

" maratima, XII, 27.

" marmorata, VII, 9.

" montana, XII, 12.
pellucida, XII, 20.

" phcenicoptera, V, 4.

" rugosa, XII, 8,

" sordida, X, 11.

" sulphurea, V, 5.

" tenebrosa, IX, 2.

" trifaeciata, IX, 6.

" verruculata, X, -.

" undulata, XII, IS.

" See also Tragocephala.
Opomala bivittata, VI, 84 and £6 ; XI, 7.
Opsomala. See Opomala, Mesops and Pyrgo-

morpba.
Orcbehmum vulgare, IV, 7, 8; VII, 5.
Orcbelimum. See also Xiphidium.
Orocbaris saltator, III, 11, IS.
Oxycoryphus obscures, XIII. J .
Pediculus. See Phylopterus.
Periplaneta americana, I,
Pezotettix borealis, VI, 16.

" nebrascensis, XIII, £.
obesa, XI, 13, 14.
picta, VIII. 4.

" unicolor, XIII, 9.
Phalangopsis. See Ceuthophilu.-, Odeopsylla.
Phaneroptera coloradensis, XI, 12.

" curvicauda, VII, £, 3, and V, 10.

Philopterus falcicornis, VI, 2.
Phloethrips coreacea, VI, ,'.
Phrynotettix verruculata, VI, 25.
Phy'lloptera (?) egg, IX,

Pbylloptera oblongifolia, X, 9; IV, 4; XIII, 2

rotundifolia, VI, 12.
" See also microcentrum.
Platamodes pennsylvanica, I, 2 and 3.
1'latyphyllum. See Cyrtopbyllus.
Podisma. See Pezotettix.
Pterolepis miuutus, XI, 27.
Pterolepis. See Anabrus also.
Podura villosa. VI, 7.
Pterophylla. See also Cyrtopbyllus, Orcheli-

mum, Xiphidium.
Pyrgomorpba brevicornis, IV, 1-i.
PJiaphidophora. See Ceutbophilus, Hadensecus.
Romalea microptera, III, 4.
Smynthurus, VI

■Spectrum. See Diapberomera, Anisomorpha.
Stauronotns, Elliotti, VIII, 22.
Stenobothrus admirabilis, IV, 13 ; V, 14.

aequalis, VI, 21.

curtipennis, VI. IS; VII, 10; X,4;

XII, IS.

maculipennis, X, 14; VI, 27.

longipennis, V, IS.
Stenopelmatu? talpa, I .

fasciatus, XIII, 7.
Stylopyga orientalis, I, S, £ ; VII, 1
Tettigidea polymorpha, VII, 2.
Tettix lateralis, VIII, 7.

ornata, V, 2 and 2; XII, 29.
" Tetrix, Tettigidea, Batrachidea.
Thamnotrizon, dorsale, I, 22.

" scabralis, XIII, 6.

tnlineatus, VIII, e.
Thrips(?) VI, 6, 9; XII, 22.
cerealum, XII, 9, 10.
Tomonotus. See CEdipoda tenebrosa.
Tragocephala infuscata, X, 8.

viridifasciata, V, 9.
Trichodectes equi, XII, 4.

latus VI, 8.

longicornis, XII, 3.
Tridactylus terminalis, III, 6.
Udeopsylla robusta, VIII, 9.
Xiphidium brevipennis. IV, 11.
fasciatum, IV, 10.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES
FIGURED.

abbreviates Gryllus, VII, 27.
abbreviata Acbeta. See Gryllus.
abortiva Chlcealtis. See C. conspersa.
acuminata Locusta. See Conocepbalus, ensiger.
aequalis CEdipoda, XIII, S.

Locusta. See CEdipoda.
" Gryllus. See
" Stenobothrus, VI, 21.
agilis Pterophylla. See Orchelimum vulgare.
alutaceum Acridium, VIII, 13; X, 13.
americanura Acridium, I, IS.

Cyrtacanthacris. See Acridium.
Gryllus. See Acridium.
americana Periplaneta, I, 2.

Blatta. See Periplaneta.
americanus. Gryllotalpa. See G. borealis.
augustifolia Phaneroptera. See P. curvicanda.
arenosa Tetrix. See T. Ornata.
argulus Nirmus, XII, 2.
atrox (Edipoda, VIII, 3.
bipunctatus CEcanthus, IV, S, 6.

" Gryllus. See CEcanthus.

bilineata Tetrix. See T. ornata.
bivittatus Caloptenus, I, 16; V, 16.
" Gryllus. See Caloptenus.
bivittata Opomala, VI, 24-26; XI, 7.
Acridium. See Opomala.
Opsomala. See Opomala.
bivittatum Spectrum. See Anisomorpha bu-

prestoides.
borealis Gryllotalpa, VII, 13,

Pezotettix, VI, 16.
brevicornis Pyrgornorpha, IV, 14,

Opomala. See Pyrgornorpha.

Truxalis. See Pyrgornorpha.

brevipennis Gryllotalpa. See G. borealis.

Xiphidium, IV, 22.
brevipes Daihinia, VII, 14, IS.
buprestoides Anisomorpha, I, S.

Phasma. See Anisomorpha.
carinata CEdipoda, X, 7.
carlingiana " XII, SI.
Carolina " V, 3.

Locusta. See CEdipoda.
caroliniana Locusta. " "
Carolina, Mantis II, 2, 2. 3, &c.
ceuturio Gryllus. See Romalea microptera.
cerealeum Thrip, XII, 9, 10.
cincta CEdipoda, XII, 13.
coloradensis Phaneroptera, XI, 2.T.
concavus Cyrtophyllus, IV, IS.
concavum Platyphyllum. See Cyrtophyllus.
concava Pterophylla. See Cyrtophyllus.
conspersa Chlcealtis, VI, 22/ X, 12.
corallina Locusta. See CEdipoda, plioenicoptera.
corallipes CEdipoda, III, S. See also CE Halde-
mannii.

coriacea Phlceothrips, VI, 4.
cristata Batrachidea, V, S.

Tetrix. See Batrachidea.
curtipennis Stenobothrus, VI, IS; VII, 2 .■

X, 14; XII, IS.

curtipennis Chlcealtis. See Stenobothrus.

Locusta. See Stenobothrus.
curvicauda Phaneroptera, VII, 2, 3; V,'20.

Locusta. See Phaneroptera.
cygni Docophorus, XII, S.
damnificum Acridium. See A. rubiginosum.
differentialia Caloptenus, VIII, IS; IX, ,'

XI, 6.

discoidea CEdipoda, III, 7.

dodgei Caloptenus, XI, 4, S, 9.

domesticus Gryllus, VI, 14.

domestica Acheta. See Gryllus.

dorsale Thamnotrizon, I, 22.

dorsalis Tetrix. See Tettix ornata.

elliotti Staurouotus, VIII, 22.

ensiger Conocepbalus, IV, 12.

equi Trichodectes, XII, 4.

eucerata CEdipoda, III, 2; V, 13; VI, 23.

Locusta. See CEdipoda.
exiguus Nemobius. VII, IS.

" Acheta. See Nemobius.
falcicornie Philopterus, VI, 2.
fasciatum Xiphidium, IV, 22.
fasciatus Nemobius, III, 9, 10,

" Gryllus. See Nemobius.

" CEcanthus. See CE. niveus.

" StenopelmatuB, XIII, 7.
femorata Diapheromera, I, 7 ; X, 2.
femoratus Bacunculus. See Diapheromera.
femoratum Spectrum. See Diapheromera.
femoratus Caloptenus. See 0. hivittatus.
femur-rubrum Caloptenus, V, 22/ VIII, Z.
Acridium. See Caloptenus.
flavicorne Acridium. See A. semi-rubrum.
flavofasciatum Boopidon, VIII, 10.
formosus Gryllus (?) IX, 5.
frontalis Acridium, XI, 2.

" Pezotettix, XIII, 2.
fuliginosa Locusta, IX, 9.
germanica Ectobia, I, 4.

Blatta. See Ectobia.
gigantea Forficesila, X, 2.
gracile Orchelimum. See Xiphidium, fasciatum
gracilipes Ephippitytha, XI, 22.
griseus Caloptenus, XII, 14.
haldemannii Pterolepis. See Anabrus.
haldemannii Anabrus, VII, 16.
CEdipoda. XIII, 3. 1

See also CE. corrallipes. )

hirtipes Acrolophitus, IX. 7.

" Gryllus. See Acrolophitus.
hospes Acheta. See Nemobius fasciatus.

10

infuscata Tragocephala, X, S.

Gompbocerus. See Tragocephala.
lapidicolns Ceuthophilus, VII, 4, S.
lapidicola Phalangopsis. See Ceuthophilus.
" Raphidiphora. See Ceuthophilus.
lateralis Tettix, V, 7.

Tetrix. See Tettix.

" Acridium. See Tettix.
latipennis Locusta. See CEdipoda verrucul.ita.
latus Trichodectes, VI, S.
longicornis Tncliodectes, XII, 3.
longipennis Gryllotalpa, I, 1 .
Stenobothrus, A', 1
luctuosus Gryllus, IX.

" Acheta. See Gryllus.
maculatus Ceuthophilus, III, S.
maculata Ephippigera. See Ceuthophilus.

" Phalangopsis. See Ceuthophilus.

" ' Rhaphidiphora. See Ceuthophilus.
maculipennis Stenobothrus, VI, .7. X, 14.
magnus, Brachypeplus, VII, 11.
maritima CEdipoda, XII, 11.

" Locusta. Si e CEdipoda.
marmorata CEdipoda. VII, 9,

" Locusta See CEdipoda.

microptera Romalea., Ill, 4.
minor Labia, X, 3.

" Forficula. See Labia,
minuta Labia, I, 10.
minutus Pterolepis, XI, 27.
ruinutus Anabrus. See also Pterolepis.
niissouriensis Mantis, XIII, 11.
montaua CEdipoda, XI 1
mucronata Copiophora, VII, S ; VIII, 14.

Copiphora. See Copiophora.
nebulosa Locusta. See CEdipoda sordida.
nebrascencis Pezotettix, XII, ...
ueglectus Gryllus, X, S.

metanus Tomonotus. See CEdipoda tenebrosa.
nigrum Boopidon. See B. uubilum.
niveus CEcanthus, IV, -

" Gryllus. See CEcanthus.
nubilum Boopidon, XIII, 10.
nubilns Uryllus. See Boopidon.
obesa Pezottettix, XI, 1
oblongifolia Phylloptera, IV, 4; X, 9; and

.Mil, 1.
oblongifolia Locusta. See Phylloptera
obscurum Acridium. X Ji.
obscurus Gryllus. See Acridium.
obscurus Oxycoryphus, XIII, 13.
oci identalis Locusta, XI, 16.
orientalia Stylopyga, 1. 1, '; VII
Blatta. See Stylopyga.
ornata Tettix, V, 1, 2; XI 1. i
ornatum Acridium. See Tettix.

Tetrix. See Tettix.
pallidum Menapon, XI 1
pallidipalpis Decticus, IX. S.
parvipennis Tettix. See Tettigidea, Polymorpha.
pavonius Pediculus: See i'hylopterus falcicornis.
pellucida CEdipoda, XII, 20.
pennsylvanica Platamodes, I, 1, 3.

Blatta. See Platamodes.
pennsylvanicus. See Gryllus.
plwnieoptera CEdipoda, V, 4.
picta Pezotettix, VIII, 4.
piliferus, Haematopinus, XII, 6.

polymorpha Tettigidea, VII, 2.

Tetrix. See Tettigidea.
pruinosa CEdipoda. See CEdipoda trifasciata
pulchellus Phyllopalpus, VI,
punctulatus CEcanthus. See CEcanthus, bi-

puuctatuB.
punctulatus Cryptocercus, VI, £0.
quadrimaculata Tetrix. See T. Ornata.
retinervis Microcentrum, IX , 3.

Phylloptera. See Mierocentrum.
robusta Udeopsylla, VIII, 9.

" Daihinia. See Udeopsylla.
" Phalangopsis. See Udeopsylla.
rotundifolia I'bylloptera, VI, IS.
rugosa CEdipoda, XII,
rubiginosum Acridium, V, S.
rusticum (Burin, only) Acridium. See A. Alu

taceum.
radiata Tragocepliala. See T. viridifabciata
saccbarina Lepisma, VI, 6.
saltator Orocharis, III, 11, IS.
savn Bacteria. See Diapherotnera femorata.
scabricollis Thamnotrizon, XIII, 6.
Bcud leri Camptonotus, VIII, IS.
semi-rubrum Acridium, XIII, 14.
servilis Acheta. See Nemobius vittatus.
simplex Anabrus, IX, 2.
Bornida CEdipoda. X,

Tettix. See T. ornata.
Bpretus Caloptenus, VIII, 1; XIII, IS.
subterraneus Hadenscus, VIII, '.

Rbaphidipbora. See Hadenaacus.
pulpliurea CEdipoda, V, 5.

" Locusta. See CEdipoda.
(Iryllus. See CEdipoda.
suis Haematopinus, XII, 4.
talpa Stenopelmatus, I, 10.
tenebrosa CEdipoda, IX, . .
terminalis Tndactylus, III, 6.
torvum Acridium. See C. Alutaceum.
trifasciata CE lipoda, IX, '.

" Gryllus. See CEdipoda.
trilineatus Thamnotrizon, VIII, S.

" Decticus. See Thamnotrizon.
tschivavensis Ephippigera, XI, IS.
tuberculatum Acridium. See A. discoidea.
turnbullii Caloptenus, XI, 10.
uhleri Ceuthophilus, VIII,
undulata CEdipoda, XII, IS.
unicolor Pezottetix, XIII, 4.
variabilis Machilis, VI, 2, 3.
verruculata CEdipoda, X,

." Locusta. See CEdipoda.

I'lirynotettix, VI, 2S.
villosa Podura, VI, 7.
virescens Brachypeplus, IX, 3.
virginianum Acridium. See Tragocepliala viri

difasciata.
virginiana CEdipoda. See viridifasciata.
viridis Caloptenus. XI, 3.
viridis Chloealtis, X, S.

Stenobothrus. See Chloealtis.
viridifasciata Tragocephala, V, 9.
vittatus Nemobius, III, 9, 10.
vulgare Orcbelimum. IV, 7, S; VII. 6.
wyomingensis Mesops, IV, 9 ; XI, S.
" Opomala. See Mesops.

LIST OF
DESIDERATA TO FINISH THE WORK.

Bapithus agitator, Uhler, (Md.)

Gryllus augustus, Scudd., (Mass.)

Xya apicalia, Uhler, (South Western States.)

Tndactylus minutus, Scudd., (111.)

Cyphoderris monstrosa, Uhler, (Oregon.)

Platyphyllum perepicillatum, Serv. and Uhler

in Harris (U. S.)
Thyreonotus dorsalis, Scudd., (Mass. and Ml )
Orchesticus americanus, Sauss., (Tenn.)
i hyllacris carolinensis, Gerst, (Car.)
Tropidischia xanthostoma, Scudd., (Cal.)
Po lisma (Acridium,) borkii Stal, (Cal )
Aeridium flavofascialurn, Thomas, (Col.)
Arcyptera lineata, Scudd. (Mass.)

" platyptera, Scudd., (New Eng.)

" gracilis, (Red River, Brit. Am.)

Tragocephala radiata, Erichs, (Mass.) (m-ob. syn.

infuscata. ? .)
Tettix cucullata, Burm. (Mass.)
" granulata, Scudd., "
" triangularis, "

Authenticated specimens of any of the above-mentioned Orthoptera will be most thankfully
received, and, after being figured, will be returned if required. Also, any other new species not
mentioned in the list of insects figured, if sent to the Author, will be figured and credited to the
donor or sender and placed in an extra plate of addenda, whenever a sufficient number of speci-
mens are received to fill a plate.

Tettix rugosa, Scudd., (Mass.)

Batrachidea cannata, Scudd, (Cal.)

Thespis, (Mantis,) parva, Drury, pi. II, 39,

(Amer.)
Phibalosoma ploiaria, Western, (Western State.)
Temnopteryx aeropeltiformis, Burm., (U. S.)

" virginiana, Burm., (Va.)

IschnopteraUhleriana, Sauss., (U. S. Pa ,) or any

in U. S.
Platamodes unicolor, Scudd , (Mass.)
Ectobia lithophila, Scudd. (Mass.)
Paratrapes histrio, Saus., (U. S.)
Pycnoscelis obscurus, Scudd., (Mass.)
Brachylabris maratima, Dohrn, (Southern State.)
Psalidophora brunneipennis, Serv., (Pa. and Va.)

bipunctata Dohrn, (Mass.)
Forficula pulchella (Serv.) (Magura.)
Thrips (Limothrips) tritici, from Pack.
Thrips (Hehothrips) liaamorrhoidalis, Burm.

See Pack.

ERRATA:

Page V. and Plates III and IV; for "Jr." in .l.rantbus and JSdipoda, read CE.

Plate IV, 1M; for " X;/phi'lium," read Xiph

Plate VII, 1; for " parvepennis," reaApamipt

Page 2, line 16; for "lavoae" read Ian

Page 2 line 33 - rt commas after "food" and "India

Page 2, line 35; dele "which" after U. S. A.

Page 3. last line; for " Oh ''■ idid a." read Chala !i lae.

Page 6, after swan; for ' Doc iphorus," read Docophorus.

Page 9; for "

Bfllillll