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ILLUSTRATIONS

OF

NEW SPECIES

OF

EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES.

BY

WILLIAM C. HEWITSON.

SELECTED CHIEFLY FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF

W. WILSON SAUNDERS AnD WILLIAM C. HEWITSON.

WAON EG HIDE

JOHN VAN VOORST, LONDON.

1862—1866.

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EN BreO DUC PEON:

Ir is now fifteen years since this work was first begun, and during that time the
Diurnal Lepidoptera in our collections have been increased twofold in number ; for
this great wealth, to us who take pleasure in such things, we are indebted chiefly to
the industry of Messrs. Bates and Wallace. I well remember that some thirty years
ago, Mr. E. Doubleday told me that the largest collection of Rhopalocera in Europe
did not, he believed, exceed fifteen hundred species. At the present time my own
collection contains more than forty-three hundred and fifty, none of them varieties
only, such as have names given to them now (these I do not recognize at all), but such
as would have satisfied the sounder judgment of Latreille and Godart.

When I completed my second volume, I gave a short summary of the general
progress made during its publication towards the study of the Diurnal Lepidoptera.
I did so with unalloyed pleasure, because some useful work had been accomplished.
I regret to say that I cannot rejoice over all that has been done since then. Much of
it will obscure and render more difficult rather than elucidate and simplify—as all
scientific labour ought to do—this delightful subject of inquiry. ‘The Messrs. Felder
have edited the first volume of the “ Reise der Fregatte Novara” with several well-
drawn plates, which are interesting and of use; but I must confess that I can better
employ my time than in wading through a page and a half of Latin description to
ascertain what minute difference they have thought worthy of a name. The same
gentlemen have published a “ Species Lapidopterorum,” admirable for its great
accuracy, but marred, according to my old-fashioned notions, by scores of names, in the
genus Papilio alone, given to varieties which would not have been considered worthy
of notice when Boisduval edited his “ Species Général,” and which they themselves do
not consider of specific value. Mr. Bates has described many new species—some of
them of great beauty and novelty—from the collections of Messrs. Salvin and Godman,
of which we have been long promised illustrations. Mr. Wallace’s paper on “ The
Papilionide of the Malayan Region” is one of great interest. Bremer has given us
some of the butterflies of Siberia, and Vollenhoven the Pieridee of the Dutch possessions
in the East. Mr. Butler, a lepidopterist of great promise, now filling the place formerly
occupied by Mr. Doubleday at the British Museum, is domg some good work, but
unfortunately, in his too great eagerness for distinction, has committed many errors
and added many useless synonyms to our nomenclature. The volume now completed
contains one hundred and ninety-nine new species, and three hundred and seventy-
three figures. Three parts (including the British Museum Catalogue), towards a
monograph of the Lycenidz, containing one hundred and twenty-one new species, and
three hundred and eighty-five figures, have been published by the same author.

Mr. Watson and Mr. Labrey, both of Bowdon, near Manchester, have been for

1V INTRODUCTION.

some time assiduously examining the plumules on the wings of the Diurnal Lepidoptera,
and have obtained evidence, which Mr. Watson proposes to publish, that will assist
in determining the sexes, as well as in testing the worth, of nearly allied species,

I have to regret the publication of some species previously described by the
Felders, but this cannot be avoided when two entomologists are at work upon the
same subject at the same time.

I hope to commence my fourth and last volume with the new year, and, if life
and health are given me, to bring it in another five years to a successful close.

CORRECTIONS.

Papilio Numicus is P. Caiguanabus of Poey, His. Nat. de la Cuba.

Pieris Laeta may be called P. Letissima, if the present name is objected
to from there being a Terias so called.

Ithomia Janarilla is I. Agarista of Felder.

Eresia Gyges is H. Frisia of Poey.

Diadema Diagoras is Apatura Japonica of Felder, but must remain in the
genus in which I have placed it.

Romalezosoma Cutteri, though so closely resembling the genus in which
it is placed, is, I believe, a Euryphene.

Harma Hemeresia is N. Gimilius of Doumet, “ Revue et Mag. de
Zoologie, 1859, Pl. X.” Our figures fortunately represent the two sexes.

Adolias Imperator is A. Satrapes of Felder.

Debis Marpessa will be more properly placed in the genus Taygetis.

Mycalesis Lalassis is M. Samba of Moore.

Hypocista Haemonia ought to have three white pupils in the large
ocellus of the posterior wing.

N.B.—An Index is given, by which the binder will be enabled to arrange the
Plates, as in the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.”

A second Index, alphabetically arranged, is given for the benefit of those who
will take the trouble to number the Plates (from 1 to 60) and the text (from 1 to
120), after the book has been arranged by the first Index.

N.B.—On append un Index par lequel le relieur peut arranger les planches de
la méme maniére qu’en “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.”

On append un second Index, arrangé alphabétiquement, pour servir a ceux qui
veulent mettre les nombres aux planches (1 & 60), et aussi au texte (1 a 120), apres
qu’on aura arrangé le livre par l’aide du premier Index.

Oatianps, WaLton-on-THAMES,
Sept. 15, 1866.

NYMPHALID#.

CALLITHEA.

CALLITHEA BATESII. ¢ 1, 4.

& CO. Batesii, Hewitson. Trans. Entom. Soc. Vol.\, N. S. Pl. XI.

UprrerstpE. Male black, glossed with purple. Both wings with the base orange.
g purp g s
Both with a submarginal band of green, wide at the apex of the anterior wing, ver
to) to) to)
narrow on the posterior wing. Zhe fringe black.

Unversipe glossy green or blue-green, the base orange as above, but extending
further, its margin irregular, not meeting where the wings meet. Anterior wing with a
row of four black spots (the first two minute) half way between the middle and the
outer margin, the margin of the orange clouded with black below the middle. Pos-
terior wing with four rows of black spots parallel to each other and the outer margin.

Female with the anterior wings more rounded at the apex, without the purple
gloss, with the band of green near the apex much wider.

N.B. The lower disco-cellular nervule of the anterior wing of C. Batesii joins the
median nervure at the base of the second nervule.

Expan. 23%; to 234 in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

CALLITHEA MARKII. 2, 8, 5, 6.

Upprrsipr. Male (2). Brilliant purple or ultramarme blue. The fringe
white. Anterior wing with the base carmine, the outer margin black. An indistinct
linear spot of green near the apex. Posterior wing with the nervures at the base
orange, the immer margin (the fold) brown.

_ Uypersipe glossy green. Anterior wing with the base as above, but lighter, with
a line of ¢hree black spots equal in size between the middle and the outer margin
, MM

NYMPHALID®—\CALLITHEA.

(nearer the margins than in Batesii); clouded with blue black below the middle.
Posterior wing with the base the costal and inner margins (not the cell also as in
Batesii) orange to or beyond their middle, four rows of black spots parallel to each
other and the outer margin.

Female (3, 6) with the anterior wings more rounded at the apex, the base orange
with a band of green (broad at the apex) near the outer margin. Posterior wing
with the base as well as the nervures slightly orange, the outer margin black with some
lunular green spots.

Var. Male (5). Anterior wing with the basal half (except the imner margin,
which is black) orange-carmine, the rest black, glossed with purple to an indistinct
white spot near the apex. Underside ash-colour. Anterior wing with the orange as
above, but lighter, with ¢vo black spots only. Posterior wing with the inner margin
and the apex orange.

N.B. The lower disco-cellular nervule of the anterior wing of C. Markii joins
the median nervure deyond the base of the second nervule.

Expan. 233; to 233; in. Hab. New Granada.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Although fully convinced that the insects figured on the Plate represent two species, I should have
found it difficult to point out characters which would have satisfied either myself or others that they

are specifically distinct, had not Mr. Westwood pointed out the different curve of the disco-cellular
nervules.

The antennz also seem to differ, if dependence can be placed upon the examination of a small
series of specimens. ‘The club of those of C. Batesii is more pointed than in the new species.

I think it will be seen that since the nervures vary in such closely-allied species as those before
us, when in others they differ in the sexes of the same species, they are of little worth (except when so
marked as in the genus Papilio) as a guide to generic distinction.

I have named this, one of the most beautiful of butterflies, after Mr. and Mrs. Mark as a tribute
due to them from Entomologists in general for the zeal which has added greatly to our knowledge of
the Diurnal Lepidoptera. Personally I am indebted to their generosity for a large number of the most
interesting species which adorn my collection.

NYM PERALT IDE .

CALLITHEA.IL. AGRIAS . II.

(& N.Hanhart imp

7.8. CALLITHEA WHITELY!
9.10. CALLITHEA BUCKLEY] 526, AGCRTAS Brat iiGe

NYMPH ALA? Dek.

CARICA IT. AGRIAS TI.

CALLITHEA WHITELYI.

C. Whitelyi, Salvin Annals, § Mag. of Nat. Hist. 4 Ser. Vol. IV. p. 179. 1869.

UpprrsipE. Male, brilliant dark blue, brown towards the base. Anterior wmg
crossed by a broad curved submarginal band of green; the apex brown. Posterior
wing with the outer margin broadly green.

UnpersipE, glossy green. Both wings scarlet at the base. Anterior wing
crossed by a subapical series of five black spots. Posterior wing crossed beyond the
end of the cell by four bands, each of eight black spots; the first band of spots of
various forms, the second of large round spots, the third and fourth chiefly lnear.

Exp. 2445 ch. Hab. Valley of the Cosnipata.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders, W. C. Hewitson and O. Salvin.

CALLITHEA BUCKLEYI. 9, 10.

C. Buckleyi, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 29.

Uprersipe. Male, very dark violet blue, with the outer margins green.

Unpersip8, glossy green. Anterior wing with the base orange, broadly bordered
outwardly by blue-black; three small subapical black spots. Posterior wing with the
basal half orange narrowly bordered with black, followed by a transverse band of
nine very black round spots and two linear bands of blue-black.

Exp. 238 inch. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

’
y, ,
ee a

NYMPHALID#A.—CALLITHEA,

AGRIAS II.
AGRIAS BEATIFICA. 5, 6.

A. Beatifica, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 30.

Urprersips. Male, brilliant dark blue. Both wings with a broad marginal
band of grey-green. Anterior wing with the costal margin, the apex, and an in-
distinct band near it, black; the nervures black. Posterior wing with the base and
the costal and inner margins, black.

Unprrsipr. Anterior wing grey-blue ; the basal half (except the base, which
is scarlet) blue-black ; a small black spot at each side of the discocellular nervure,
and beyond it two small black spots. Posterior wing grey-green, with the base and
inner margin to the middle of the wing, scarlet; a minute spot within the cell, and
a second on the discocellular nervure brown; crossed by four bands of black spots,
the first band short of four spots, the second of seven, the third of seven which are
round or oval each marked by one minute spot of white except that which is
nearest the anal angle which has two; the fourth band submarginal of seven linear
spots.

Exp. 33 inches. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

NYMPHALIDE.
EPICALIA ann MYSCELIA. Boisduval.

EPICALIA SABRINA. 1.

Urrerstve deep black, with a broad central band of bright orange, common to both
wings, commencing on the middle of the anterior wing, where it is rounded, and ending
at the middle of the abdominal fold, narrowest where the wings meet, widest on the pos-
terior wing. Obliquely across the apex of the anterior wing a large oval spot of the
same colour.

Unprrsipe. Anterior wing, with the base from the inner margin to a little above
the median nervure and two-thirds horizontally across, yellow bordered with black,
changing into brown on the outer margin ; two small triangular spots of white on the
middle of the costa, and a large patch upon it at the apex, chocolate. Posterior wing
red-brown, the whole of the upper margin and five narrow belts across it parallel to the
outer margin, chocolate colour. A minute spot near the base, and a line which crosses
the wing below it, black.

Expan. 23 in. Hab. Minos Gueres.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species is nearly allied to H. Pierretii of Doubleday, which I have figured in the Diurnal

Lepidoptera. On the upperside and the underside of the anterior wing they scarcely differ except in
shape.

In E. Pierretii the underside of the posterior wing is also red-brown, but the base, from a line
commencing on the middle of the costa, curving inwards, and ending below the middle of the inner
margin, is light yellow clouded towards the inner margin, and crossed by two lines of black, one long,
parallel to the curved line before described, and the other, near the base, short ; the costal nervure also

black ; below the middle of the wing a spot of white, and on the apex two short bands of the same
colour.

EPICALIA SALACIA. 2.

Uprrrsipe deep black, with a broad central band of bright orange commencing
near the apex of the anterior wing (where it makes a curve inwards) and ending on
the middle of the inner margin, curved outwards where the wings meet, widest on the
posterior wing.

Unpersibe, with the central band but lighter, the space above it, and the apex

c

NYMPHALIDA—EPICALIA AND MYSCELIA.

of both wings, chocolate, darkest near the band; the wing below the band red-
brown.

Expan. 2% in. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Hpicalia Salacia is much like E. Nyctimus Westwood, of the Diurnal Lepidoptera.

On the underside of the posterior wing of E. Nyctimus, which Mr. Westwood has not described,
there is no band of orange as in H. Salacia, but from the base to beyond the middle, and on the apex and
anal angle, it is of a chocolate colour, clouded and undulated with fine lines of red-brown, the rest of the
wing red-brown.

MYSCELIA SAMARIA. 3.

UrrersivE dark brown. Anterior wing, with the apex and most of the outer mar-
gin broadly ferruginous ; a horizontal line at the base, an oblong spot beyond it, another
on the middle of the costa, and a transverse band commencing on the middle of the wing
in two oval spots, and ending above the middle of the inner margin of the posterior
wing, yellow. Posterior wing, with a submarginal line and a carved belt of seven oblong
spots between it and the central band, also yellow.

Unpersipge. Anterior wing nearly as above, but lighter. Posterior wing with a
large central patch of brown. Above it a broad transverse band of yellow to a black line
which crosses the wing near the base ; the base above the line chocolate, with a minute
black spot. Below the central patch several indistinct round white spots dotted with
black : between them and the outer margin rufous brown.

Expan. 2; in. Hab. Rio de Janeiro.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This remarkable butterfly, the only one which I have seen, was sent me from Rio de Janeiro by
Mr. Reeves.

The first two sections of Doubleday’s genus, Myscelia, contain this and several nearly allied species,
but seem to me to have little relation to the other sections of that genus, and less with the other genera,
near which he has placed them in the genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.

I have made use of Boisduval’s genus Myscelia, as it was intended by him to contain the insects of
these two sections only, which form a very natural group, and though placed by Mr. Doubleday at a dis-
tance from Epicalia, bears such close affinity to it, that they might very well form one genus.

WS ae or
Py hy ra "yy, a?
ae

1,del et itt > 1
Hulhmandel & Walton, Femters
SAT ACTA Ce PDC ATTA STAM rT IO
SALACIA 5.6. KPICALIA NYCTIMUS. Westwood

NYG MPV A Dh Dias.
EPICALIA II.

EPICALIA SALACIA. 1, 2, 3.

UprersiDE of male figured and described in the preceding plate.

Uprersipe. Frmatr. Wings dark brown, crossed longitudinally by three bands of
yellow. The first band which commences near the apex of the anterior wing, and
reaches to its base (crossing the body of the insect) is composed of three oval spots, and
one long and triangular. The second band which commences near the middle of the
outer margin of the same wing by three unequal spots, is continuous on the posterior
wing, and ends at the middle of the abdomen, widest at the upper margin of the wing,
its upper edge slightly sinuous, its lower edge quite straight. The third band which
begins at the apex of the posterior wing in a round spot continues unbroken, except
by nervures, and joins a large orange spot at the anal angle.

Anterior wing rounded at the apex with a small triangular spot above that which
begins the first band and three or four small ones near the outer margin, all yellow.
Posterior wing with a small spot of yellow at the apex, and a line of the same colour
near the outer margin.

Unprrsipr. Anterior wing rufous-brown, clouded with purple and darker brown ;
the spots of the bands as above, but whiter ; an additional white spot at the apex; the
upper margin yellow, the lower margin broadly rufous. Posterior wing purple-brown,
lightest at the base, the outer margin and anal angle broadly rufous.

Fig. 1. Underside of male.
Fig. 2. Underside of female.
Fig. 3. Upperside of female.

EPICALIA SABRINA. 4.

Fig. 4. Underside of male.
Upperside figured in the former plate.

EPICALIA NYCTIMUS. Westwood. 5, 6.

Uprrrstvg black, crossed obliquely by a broad band of orange which commences
near the apex narrow and quadrate, and becoming suddenly wider, continues of nearly
the same breadth to the abdominal margin. Apex of anterior wing ¢runcate marked
with a brick-red spot.

Unprrsipr rufous. Anterior wing with two triangular spots upon the costal mar-
gin and a broad outer margin red-brown ; apex lilac, spotted with white. Posterior
wing rufous in the middle, and clouded with darker colour, the base, upper margin, and
apex lilac, undulated with brown. The rest of the wing dark-brown.

Femate. Upperside dark brown, crossed longitudinally by three bands of yellow.
The first band, which commences near the apex of the anterior wing, and reaches to its

F

° NYMPHALID®—EPICALIA.

base (crossing the body) is composed of three oval spots and one long and triangular.
The second band which commences near the middle of the outer margin of the same
wing by three unequal spots is continuous on the posterior wing, and ends at the middle
of the abdomen, narrowest at the upper margin of the wing, and slightly sinuated on
both sides. The third band which commences below the apex of the posterior wing, and
ends at the anal angle, is formed of five lunular spots. Anterior wing truncate at the
apex, marked with a brick-red spot, a small spot above that which commences the first
band, and three or four near the outer margin, yellow. Posterior wing with a minute
spot near the apex.

Exp. § 1% ¢ 2% im. Hab. Venezuela.

Fig. 5. Underside of male.

Fig. 6. Underside of female.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The repeated observations of Mr. Bates having now proved beyond a doubt that the butterflies of
the second section (Catonephele) of Mr. Doubleday’s genus Myscelia, in the “Genera of Diurnal Lepi-
doptera,” are the females of the Epicalias, I have much pleasure in being able to place two of them with
their proper partners. On the upperside E. Salacia and EH. Nyctimus differ so little, except in the form
of the apex of the anterior wing, and Mr. Westwood’s slight description of E. Nyctimus being applicable
to either, I have thought it best to figure the undersides of both species.

Mr. Bates has also sent home P. Acontius of Linnzeus, and P. Medea of Fabricius as the sexes of
one species.

EPICALIA PENTHIA. 7.
Nymphalis Micaha, Godart.

UprrrsidE black. Both wings with a broken submarginal line of yellow. Anterior
wing crossed obliquely before the middle by a broad, irregular band of yellow, sinuated on
both sides, and ending in a point near the outer margin. Two spots of yellow, and a larger
spot of brick-red form a line near the apex. Posterior wing with a distinct yellow spot near
the apex, followed by a row of indistinct, lunular spots, parallel to the outer margin.

Unversipz. Anterior wing black, the yellow band marked near the costal margin
by a black spot; the base green, with a triangular black spot; the upper and outer
margins and a large space at the apex chocolate, clouded with brown. Posterior wing
chocolate clouded with darker colour; crossed from the costal nervure to the inner margin
(which it covers) by a very broad band of dark brown, marked near its commencement
by a lunular chocolate spot, sinuated on its lower margin which interrupts a row of six dark
purple spots. A line of lighter colour below the spots, and a short one of black near the
base. Both wings with a submarginal line of lighter colour than the adjoining surface.

Exp. 2 &. Hab. Rio de Janeiro.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This is not the insect described by Fabricius as P. Micalia, and by Godart at page 315 of the
Encyclopédie Méthodique as Vanessa Micalia, and figured by Cramer in Plate 108. It is the butterfly
described by Godart at page 415 of the Encyclopédie as Nymphalis Micalia, which he considers identical
with, and the female of, his Vanessa Micalia. They are, however, both females, and, together with M.
Samaria of this work, will one day change their names for those of three of the orange-banded Epicalias,
when experience shall have taught us with which to mate them.

E. Penthia, it must be granted, is very closely allied to EH. Micalia, but, besides the different form
and colour of the posterior wing, E. Penthia has a red spot near the apex, which is absent in H. Micalia,
and though I should be very unwilling in other genera to place any reliance on a difference so trivial as
the last mentioned, it is in this genus of specific importance, and it will be seen by reference to H. Salacia
and Nyctimus that this red spot which is present in both sexes of E. Nyctimus is absent in E. Salacia.

In two other species, which scarcely differ above, HE. Pierretii of Doubleday and E. Sabrina of
Hewitson, the same red spot is a distinctive character.

hee
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ite == ) A Q DP A ’ AD YA
LMP) 1 yy : aie a 4 2) 4 LIME 1 Py NORICA

5. TIMETES TUTELINA

IN OE ee A PD a.
TIMETES.

TIMETES BERANIA. 1, 2.

UprrrsipE orange. Both wings crossed from the costal margin of the anterior to
the anal angle of the posterior wing by three linear bands and a submarginal line of
black. Anterior wing with three lines across the cell near the base, a short band near
the apex, and most of the outer margin, black ; the third band across the wing indistinct.
Posterior wing tailed with a line near the base, some short lines at the base of the tail,
a narrow margin and two lunular spots at the anal angle, black. The anal angle and tip
of the tail, white.

UnpersipE of a glossy, cream colour, with all the bands as above, and the tail
rufous. The submarginal line and the spots near the anal angle of the posterior wing
black.

Femate. Upperside brown. Both wings crossed by four bands of black. Anterior
wing with the outer margin broadly bordered with black, the band next to it marked
near the apex of the wing with four small spots of light brown. Posterior wing with
two submarginal lines, and three lunular spots near the anal angle, black. A lunular
spot at the anal angle, and the tip of the tail white.

UnbERSIDE scarcely differs from the male.

Exp. 6 255 ¢ 2% in. Hab. Quito, and River Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This beautiful species is very closely allied to Nymphalis Harmonia of Klug from which it is how-
ever abundantly distinct. N. Harmonia has the tip of the anterior wing much more pointed and the
underside of both wings of a brilliant silver.

TIMETES NORICA. 3, 4.

Uprersipe of a purple-brown. Anterior wing almost black. Both wings crossed
by four bands, and two submarginal lines of black. Posterior wing with three lunular
very black spots near the anal angle. The tip of the tail and two or three spots at the
anal angle white.

Unpversive red-brown, glossy, and tinged with purple. Both wings crossed by two
broad bands of darker colour. The margins of the basal band deeply dentated, and
edged with black. The inner side of the second band marked by a row of triangular
brown spots, the outer edge by a black line which separates it from a band on the outer

NYMPHALIDEZ—TIMETES.

margin of the wings, which (commencing at the apex of the anterior wing lilac-white and
narrow) becomes rufous and widest where the wings meet, and ceases a little before the
base of the tail of the posterior wing. Anterior wing with three lines across the cell
and two submarginal lines brown, two or three points at the apex and an oblong spot
a little below them lilac-white. Posterior wing with a submarginal line of black, a
similar line of lilac, and three spots of the same colour, their centres black, near the anal
angle.

The female does not differ from the male, except that it is of a light rufous brown
above, with three small white spots near the apex of the anterior wing.

On the underside, this species bears very close resemblance to P. Themistocles of Hubner. Above,
the male has very much the appearance of T. Coresia.

TIMETES TUTELINA. 5.

UrrersinE reddish orange, crossed by three linear bands and a submarginal line of
black. Anterior wing, with two spots near the base, the apex and costal margin near it,
black. Posterior wing, with three eye-like spots near the anal angle, three linear spots
below them, anda broken indistinct line between them and the upper margin, black.

UnversipE red-brown with a purple gloss, crossed by three linear bands of brown ;
the first, near the base, almost straight; the second deeply dentated ; the third regularly
waved and indistinct, followed by a row of small black points, and a submarginal brown
line. Anterior wing with a spot of lilac at the apex. Both wings with several indistinct
submarginal waved marks of the same colour, by which the two outer bands across the
wing are also slightly bordered.

Exp. 2% in. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Much like T. Harmonia in the contour of the wings. In the marking of the underside it is how-
ever very slightly different from T. Themistocles and T. Norica just described.

NYMPHALID#.

NEPTIS.

NEPTIS NEMETES. 1, 2.

Uprrrsipr. Female, dark brown. Both wings with three submarginal bands
and lunules on the fringe, white. Anterior wing with a trifid short band before the
apex, a small spot below this, and a quadrifid band from the first branch of the median
nervure to the inner margin, white, followed by an irregular broken band of indistinct
white spots. Posterior wing crossed before the middle by a broad band of white,
followed by a band of indistinct pale brown spots.

Unpersipx as above, except that the white bands are broader, that the central
band of the posterior wing is followed by a series of dark brown spots, and that there
are two bands of white at the base of both wings.

Exp. 2y'9 inch. Hab. Sierra Leone.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

NEPTIS NYSIADES. 3, 4.

UprersipE. Male, dark brown. Both wings crossed at the middle by a band
of white broken into four spots on the anterior wing, the first spot large and quadrifid,
the second and third’ isolated, the fourth on the inner margin bifid: both crossed
beyond this by an indistinct band, white on the anterior wing, pale brown on the
posterior wing: both with three submarginal bands, and lunules on the fringe, white.
Anterior wing with two small spots in the cell and a linear subapical spot, white.

Unpersipe as above, except that the white bands are much more distinct; that
there are three spots in the cell of the anterior wing, and that the base of the costal
margin of the posterior wing and two sub-basal bands are white.

Female, like the male, except that the quadrifid spot of the anterior wing is much
more deeply cleft by the nervures.

Exp. 14% imch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Very near to Agatha.

NYMPHALID#A.—NEPTIS.

NEPTIS NITETIS. 5.

Uprrrsipr. Female, dark brown, with some lunular white spots on the fringe.
Anterior wing with the longitudinal band from the base long, pale brown, divided by
the nervure at the end of the cell: three white spots before the apex, two below
these, and one (bifid) on the inner margin, pale brown : followed by a zigzag band
and a submarginal band of pale brown, with a band of white spots between them.
Posterior wing crossed by four equidistant bands of pale brown.

Unpers1bb, as above, except that there is a band near the base of the posterior
wing.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. Philippines.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Near to N. Ebusa of Felder.

NEPTIS NERIPHUS. 6, 7.

Urrrrsipg. Female, dark brown, the bands and spots rufous-orange. Ante-
rior wing with the longitudinal band from the base long, interrupted on its upper -
border, with a trifid band above and a curved linear spot below it: three sub-
apical spots, a round spot below these and a bifid spot on the inner margin: two
broad and two linear curved bands beyond these. Posterior wing crossed by two
rufous-orange bands, each followed by an indistinct band of pale brown.

Unpersipg, as above, except that all the bands are more distinct, and that there
is a band near the base of the posterior wing.

Exp. 2335 inch. Hab. Sula. (Wallace.)

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

NEPTIS NARTHESIS.
Pantoporia Frobenia. Hubner Zutrage. Figs. 173, 774.

Hubner gives the locality of the butterfly he figures, which is quite distinct from that of Mada-
gascar, as Java,

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LIMENITIS. I.

LIMENITIS LYNCIDES. 1, 2.

Upprrsipe. Male, rufous-brown. Anterior wing rufous near the base, marked
with several black lines and spots ; the rest of the wmg dark brown. Crossed at the
iniddle by a transverse unequal band of white divided into five by the nervures.
Posterior wing rufous, with a small white spot near the middle of the costal margin.
Crossed near the base by two short parallel black lines, followed before the middle by
two spots and an undulating line of black reaching from the white spot to the inner
margin. Crossed beyond the middle by a row of oval black spots and a transverse
band of brown. Both wings with two submarginal black lines. The margms
brown, dotted with white between the nervules.

Unpersipe grey, slightly rufous. The bands and spots as above, except that the
anterior wing has two rows, each of three spots, between the white band and the
apex ; that the brown band of the posterior wing is changed into a second row of in-

distinct black spots.
The female is larger, but does not otherwise differ from the male.
915

Expan. 233 m. Hab. Celebes.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

LIMENITIS LYMIRE. 3, 6.

Upprrsipr. Male, blue-black. Anterior wing lighter at the base, marked
with three indistinct black spots. Crossed obliquely at the middle by a row of five or
six grey-white spots (the third spot from the costal margin only sometimes visible).
Posterior wing crossed before the middle by a broad band of white. The ventral
fold light brown. The anal angle orange. Both wings crossed beyond the white
spots and band by four lines of grey-white, the first and third lines deeply waved
and forming with the second line two rows of black spots. The outer margin slightly
dotted with white.
¥ J o£. XX

NYMPHALIDZ—LIMENITIS.

Unpersipr. Nearly white, with the spots and bands as above. Both wings
crossed beyond the middle by a bright rufous band. Anterior wing with a rufous
spot in the cell between two black lines. Posterior wing blue-grey (marked with four
lines and a minute spot of black) from the base to the white band.

Expan. 34/9 in. Hab. Celebes. i
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

LIMENITIS LYCONE. 4, 5.

Uprrrsipe. Female, rufous-brown. Anterior wing crossed near the base by a
chain of crimson spots, margined with black. An oblong crimson spot at the end of
the cell also bordered with black. Crossed at the middle by a curved band of five
grey-white spots ; the middle spot, which is minute, has between it and the costal
margin, near the apex, a line of four minute white dots, followed by a band of brown
spots distinct only towards the immer margin, where the wing is rufous.

Posterior wing rufous-orange; the base brown, marked with a semicircle of
crimson bordered with black. Two or three white spots at the middle of the costal
margin. ‘The nervules and two transverse bands of spots brown. Both wings witha
black line parallel and near to the outer margm. The margins slightly marked with
white.

Unprerswe. Grey or crimson-white, greenish at the base. All the spots and
bands as above.

The male does not differ, except im its smaller size.

Expan. 3;'9 in. Hab. Celebes.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. GC. Hewitson.

NYMPHALID#.

LIMENITIS. II.

LIMENITIS LIBNITES. 7, 8, 9.

Upprursipr. Male dark brown, with rufous bands and two white spots. Both
wings with three transverse rufous bands, commencing on the anterior wing at the first
branch of the median nervure, and ending at the ventral fold of the posterior wing.
Anterior wing witha linear rufous spot at the base. Crossed transversely before the
middle by two large white spots (the lower spot bifid), with, between them and the
apex, four pyriform light brown spots, (the two nearest the costal margin having their
points tipped with white,) followed by twosubmarginal lines of the same colour. Pos-
terior wing also with two submarginal lines, but with the mner line rufous.

Unpersipe, with all the spots and bands nearly as above. The two bands
nearest the base of the posterior wing (rufous above) are here broader, and of a
silvery-white, separated and followed by bands of light orange.

The female (s) differs from the male on the upperside, in the form and colour of
the two central spots. On the underside, in the form only of the lowest spot.

Expan. 34m. —-Hab. Celebes.
In the Collections of W.W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

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NYMPHALIDZ—LIMENITIS.

LIMENITIS LYSANIAS. 10, 11.

Uprersipgr. Female brown. Both wings crossed by a common central un-
equal band of white, commencing on the anterior wing, at the median nervure, by
an indistinct small spot, and ending on the posterior wing at the ventral fold; fol-
lowed on both wings, first by a curved, rufous narrow band, and next by a band of
black spots ; followed on the posterior wing by a band of indistinct brown spots, and
on both wings by a band of black.

Anterior wing black from the base to the central band, with a triangle (partly
on the posterior wing) and a short band at the end of the cell rufous.

Three oblong spots of dirty white near the costal margin beyond the middle.

Unpursipg, nearly white, with the spots and bands as above.

Expan. 253 in. Hab. Celebes.

From the Collection of Mr. Wallace.

This species bears considerable resemblance to L. Zulema, figured in the ‘‘ Genera of Diurnal
Lepidoptera,” Plate XXXIV., but is very different both above and below. I cannot help here expressing

the obligation I owe to Mr. Wallace for the great pleasure I have received from the possession of this
beautiful new group of Butterflies.

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HETEROCHROA.

HETEROCHROA ARETE. 1.
Heterochroa Arete Ménétries Cat. Imp. Acad. Petropol., Part IT. p. 118.

Uprersipr. Female, dark brown. Anterior wing with five bands of black
near the base, four of these within the cell, and below them three spots bordered
with black; crossed at the middle by a broad band of orange produced below the
apex; slightly white at the inner margin: a submarginal band of black. Posterior
wing crossed by a band of white, and beyond it by three black bands, the submar-
ginal band undulated and narrow : the anal angle with a bifid orange spot.

Exp. 24% to 3 inch. Hab. Rio de Janeiro.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

HETEROCHROA MELONA. 2.
Heterochroa Melona Hewitson. Annals Nat. Hist., XX. p. 258 pl. 20, f. 2.

I have figured these two butterflies for the purpose of showing how closely H. Arete of Ménétries
is allied to my Melona; the chief difference being that Melona has the orange band more sinuated
on its inner border, more so usually than is represented in my former figure, and in this respect
scarcely differing from H. Nea. Some examples of each have the nervures strongly defined and black,
whilst in others they are scarcely visible.

HETEROCHROA ETHELDA. | 3, 4.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark brown. Both wings crossed at the middle by a
common band of orange, both with the outer margin paler and traversed by a band
of dark brown.

Unpersipe rufous. Both wings crossed by the band as above, but white, both
with a submarginal band of white spots. Anterior wing with a bifid spot at the
base, a spot in the cell, and two spots at the end of the cell, all white. Posterior
wing with two bands of white between the base and the central band.

Exp. 2q'5 inch. Hab. Quito.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Sp
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NYMPHALID#®.—HETEROCHROA.

HETEROCHROA GERONA. 5, 6.

Uprrrsipr. Male, rufous-brown. Both wings crossed by a common broad
band of white. Anterior wing with several od/ique limes of black near the base, a
large hexafid orange spot near the apex; two submarginal bands of dark brown.
Posterior wing with three bands of brown and a small orange spot at the anal angle.

Unpersipe with the transverse band as above. Both wings with a band of
white near the base. Anterior wing with a band of white within the cell bordered
on both sides with orange. Posterior wing with the central band bordered on both
sides with rufous-orange.

Exp. 14% inch. Hab. Minas Geraes.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Most nearly allied to H. Abia, but very distinct from it as well as from every other species.

HETEROCHROA ZINA. 7, 8.

Upprrsipz. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with some indistinct black
lines near the base; crossed obliquely near the middle by a broad band of orange:
two minute orange spots before the apex. Posterior wing with a quadrifid white
spot and an indistinct submarginal brown band.

Unpers1pk as above, except that it is rufous, and that both wings have some
brown bands near the base, and that the posterior wing has a white spot at the
middle of the costal margin, and some indistinct grey spots near the outer margin.

Exp. 23/5 inch. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Near to H. Leucophthalma as well as to H. Justina, but without the brilliant white and lilac
spots which adorn the underside of those species. This and Justina are probably only local varieties
of Leucophthalma. I have an example of H. Leucophthalma from Quito which has only a small white
spot on the centre of the posterior wing.

IN OY aE sR Hea: ee di

DIADEMA.

DIADEMA DIAGORAS. 1.

Uprrrsipe. Female, dark brown with numerous white spots. Anterior wing
with a triangular and linear spot at the base; crossed obliquely before the middle by
three large spots, beyond the middle near the costal margin by a trifid spot, and
toward the outer margin by an irregular band of five spots, and nearer the margin by
some indistinct minute white spots. Posterior wing with a spot near the base of the
costal margin, a large longitudinal spot from the base to beyond the middle occupying
the whole of the cell: crossed transversely at the middle by five spots, three between
the longitudinal spot and the costal margin, and two (one minute) between it and the
abdominal fold: the abdominal fold (which is traversed by black, nervures) and a
linear spot parallel to it also white: a marginal and submarginal band of white
spots.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the posterior wing has a white spot near the
anal angle, and that the double row of spots are larger and lunular, and only separated
by a black line.

Expan. 374 in. Hab. Japan.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Sh ae ee ae H

NYMPH ALIDH—DIADEMA.

DIADEMA CHARONDA. 2. 3.

Uprrrstpr. Male, dark brown with numerous white and yellow spots; both
wings from the base to the middle violet-blue. Anterior wing with a line of white
from the base outwards: a bilobed spot within the cell and two large spots below it
white ; a transverse band of five spots beyond the middle, two spots near the apex,
and a submarginal band of nine small spots, all pale yellow. Posterior wing with an
indistinct. spot at the base, two small spots and a large bifid white spot before the
middle, followed by a curved transverse band of six pale yellow spots, by three minute
spots towards the inner margin, by a submarginal band of six spots, and by two or
three small marginal spots near the apex, all pale yellow ; a semicircular carmine spot
at the anal angle.

Unprrstpe very pale green; anterior wing from the base to beyond the middle
dark brown (black within the cell), with the spots as above, except that there is a
white spot near the base, and three white spots between the bilobed spot in the cell
and the transverse band: from the said band to the apex pale green marked by some
ill-defined black spots: the outer margin with pale green lunular spots (one spot
bifid) ; posterior wing pale green, with the spots of the upperside very indistinct.

Female differs little from the male : it is larger, is on the upperside without the
blue, has the spots more deeply tinted with yellow, and is without the anal carmine
spot: on the underside it is more deeply tinted with yellow.

Expan. 843, ¢5j'9 1m. Hab. Japan.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This remarkable species was brought from Japan by Mr. Fortune, it bears considerable resemblance
(especially the female) to Adolias Dirtea, but its very robust antenne and great length of body deter-
mine its proximity to Diadema, and more especially to D. Assimilis, which it resembles also in having
the anal carmine spot; in the position of the branches from the subcostal nervure it agrees with
D. Nama of Doubleday, the only species in the first division of the subsection Hestina of Westwood,
which has ‘the second branch of the subcostal vein arising close to the origin of the upper disco-
cellular vein; ” the other species D. Assimilis, Persimilis, and Consimilis, together with D. Diagoras
of the plate, have the second branch arising considerably beyond the disco-cellular nervules—
D. Charonda has the cell of both wings open. D. Nyctelius Doubleday of Westwood’s second division
of Hestina and D. Isa of Moore (Euripus Haliartus of Felder) must go with the genus Euripus.

NG oe Eee Pk AL.
DIADEMA IL.

DIADEMA DOLOMENA. 4.

UprrrsipE. Female. Anterior wing dark brown traversed from the middle to
the apex by rays of black ; crossed beyond the middle by a band of rufous orange ;
a large semicircular rufous spot on the immer margin; six round black spots between
the base and the middle, in two parallel lines of three spots each ; the outer spots
margined on both sides with white. Posterior wing rufous; the nervures from the
middle to the outer margin, and rays between them, broadly black : marked near the
base by eight round black spots.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that it is paler, and that the portion which is rufous
or brick-red above is here rufous orange.
Exp. 24% inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

The butterfly now figured being a female, I believed, at first, might be the other sex of
D. Hirce of Drury which is a male; but having since received examples of D. Eurytus of Clerck,
I find that they are the females of Hirce.

DIADEMA IMERINA. 5, 6.

Upprrsipg. Female dark brown. Both wings with a submarginal band of minute
white spots. Anterior wing with several spots of pale green; a tridentate spot at the
base, two large oval spots below it, and a band of four spots beyond the middle.
Posterior wing dark rufous brown.

UnpersipE as above, except that it is paler; the submarginal spots of the
anterior wing larger; that the basal half of the posterior wing is lilac, almost
white near the costal margin; the margin itself orange.

Exp. 23% m. Hab. Madagascar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

NYMPHALIDZ—DIADEMA.

DIADEMA DINARCHA. 7.

Uprersipr. Male blue-black. Anterior wing with several white spots; three
spots near the base of the costal margin (two in the cell); two larger spots and
some blue irrorations near the middle; a band of six spots (the second minute)
towards the outer margin ; some very minute white spots near the outer margin; the
margin itself intersected with white. Posterior wing dark rufous brown, with a large
spot of orange-yellow before the middle: the nervures, and rays between them and
the outer margin blue-black ; a submarginal band of minute white spots in pairs ;
the margin dentated, spotted with white.

UnpersiprE as above, except that it is paler; that the anterior wing has two
white spots at the base, and two white spots adjoiming the third spot described
above; and that the minute white spots composing the submarginal band of both
wings are here more distinct, and very beautifully arranged in groups each of four
spots.

Exp. 4in. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Unlike any other species ; but with a resemblance to D. Dubia.

NYMPHALID&.
DIADEMA III.

DIADEMA EURYTUS. 8, 9, 10, 11.

q P. Eurytus Clerck, plate 31. 4 P. Hirce Drury IIL, plate 28.

Uprrrsipe. Male, dark rufous-brown. Both wings with black spots at the
base. Anterior wing with a large spot from the costal margin to the middle of the
wing, and a spot beyond the middle towards the apex, orange-rufous: the base
tinted with lilac. Posterior wing orange-rufous: the base, the nervures (except near
the base), and lines between them and the outer margin, which is broad, all dark
brown.

Unpersinp, as above, but paler.

Female, fig. 11, does not differ from the male, except that the part which
is rufous on the male is white, (the white of the posterior wing not however reaching
the middle), that the inner margin near the anal angle is rufous on both sides,
and that on the underside the base and costal margin of the posterior wing is
orange-rufous.

Female variety, fig. 8, brown, with the black spots at the base of both wings.
Anterior wing tinted with lilac from the base to the middle, where it is crossed by a
broad curved band, pale yellow where it commences at the costal margin, orange
below darker near the inner margin, where it is crossed by black lines. Posterior
wing rufous-orange: the nervures, lines between them, and the outer margin dark
brown.

Hab. Congo.

Female variety, fig. 9, rufous-brown, the black spots at the base of both wings :
both wings rufous at the base: both with the nervures, lines between them, and the
outer margins dark brown. Posterior wing pale ochreous-yellow.

Unpers1be paler, especially on the anterior wing.
Hab. Calabar.

In a former part of this work I gave a dozen figures, which, with a single
exception, I have little doubt represent one species only, the Acraa Euryta, and I
now give in confirmation of my belief the Diadema Eurytus, which in its typical
form (as well as in the few varieties with which we are acquainted) so closely resembles

NYMPHALID®.—DIADEMA.

it that our older naturalists considered them as one species. The resemblance,
indeed, is so great, that, omitting to look at the arrangement of the nervures, the
black spots at the base of the anterior wings of Diadema are the only guide to dis-
tinction. In the two plates of Acraea there is no figure which is closely represented
by figure 9 of the present plate. Figures 8 of Diadema and 30 of Acraa are, how-
ever, remarkably like each other. As a rule the females of a species differ much
more than the males, the many varieties of the male of Acreea Euryta forming an
exception.

This strange resemblance to each other of distant and very distinct groupes,
which forms the romance of natural history, has afforded wonder and delight to every
naturalist, and will do so to the end of time, the more so because of its mystery,
unless some much better explanation is offered than that proposed by Darwin and
his followers, because, unluckily for them, it is just those species which superficially
bear the closest resemblance to each other that differ most in their fundamental
structure. Europe alone seems deficient in some great leading and aristocratic
family of butterflies: mm America the great typical groupe is confined to the precincts
of the New World and its neighbouring islands; whilst Danais of the Hastern
Hemisphere has its envoy in the south, the Acrzas of Africa are largely represented
in the same country, and are known in the East as well.

One of the most marvellous things in this representative system is that the great
groupes are not only imitated at home, but that the stragglers from two of them in
other lands have their mimics as well; and in the great South American groupe, the
Heliconide, the butterflies of several genera, completely different in their neuration,
are inseparable by the unaided sight.

Naturalists, Wallace, Bates, and Trimen, who have each studied one of these
great groupes in their native land, tell us that they exude a liquid of an offensive
smell. We have, however, no right to conclude that what may be unpleasant to us
is not to them a sweet-smelling royal unction. May not all the imitators of these
scented aristocrats be simply votaries of fashion, apeing the dress of their superiors,
and, since the females take the lead, “ naturally selecting ” those of the gayest .
colours?

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AME CHANIA

AMECHANIA INCERTA

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AMECHANIA. AHewitson.

Body rather large, quadrate, abdomen small and slender. Eyes small, smooth.
Palpi long, densely clothed with scales throughout pressed closely to the head, where
they are clothed with long white hair. Antenne of moderate length, slender, very
slightly thickened towards the point, the articulations distinctly seen.

Anterior wing large; the costal margin arched, apex rounded, outer margin
sinuated at the middle; costal nervure reaching to beyond the middle of the wing ;
subcostal nervure with four branches, the first and second near together before the
end of the discoidal cell, the third and fourth at a distance from the other two, equi-
distant from each other and the apex; discoidal cell short; upper disco-cellular
nervure very short, inclining outwards ; middle disco-cellular also short, somewhat
longer than the last, forming an obtuse angle with it ; lower disco-cellular long,
curved inwardly, four times the length of the other two together, united to the third
branch of the median nervure at a distance from its base.

Posterior wing oblong circular; precostal nervure curved inwardly, costal
nervure joining the costal margin at half its length ; postcostal with its first branch
arising at less than a third of the length of the wing ; the discoidal cell short and
broad, the upper disco-cellular nervure arising a little below the first branch from the
subcostal nervure, short, inclining outwards : the second three times its length, curved,
joining the third median nervule a very little beyond its base.

Fore-legs short, robust, tibiae and tarsi equally thick, clothed with bristles.

Hind-legs long and slender ; the tibice and tarsi slightly spined.

EURYTELID#®.—AMECHANIA.

AMECHANIA INCERTA.

Uprerstpr. Male, anterior wing grey-brown, with a broad central longitudinal
band of white from the inner margin to beyond the third median nervule; the end of
the cell, three lines which cross the cell longitudinally, the nervures, a deeply indented
zig-zag line near the outer margin (bordered inwardly with light yellow) and two large
spots (each with a centre of white), all black. Posterior wing white, tinted with yellow
towards the outer margin, the nervures, a deeply indented line near the outer margin
and four large spots (each with a centre of white), all black: the outer margin grey-

brown.
UnpersiDE as above, except that the outer margins are almost white.

Expan. 44 in. Hab. Tondano (Celebes).

Tn the Collection of A. R. Wallace.

The very remarkable butterfly which is figured in the accompanying plate seems to set at nought
the labours of those who would link the creation together in one continuous chain. It is unlike any-
thing that has been seen before, and is out of place, and destroys the harmony of every genus with
which I have attempted to place it. In general aspect and colour it accords best with the female of
Danais Vitrea, the male of which is figured in the “ Voyage au Pole Sud.” In the deeply indented zig-
zag line near the outer margins it resembles the different species of Cethosia. There is no butterfly
with which I have compared it (and I have placed it side by side with every species with which it has the
slightest analogy) to which it is so nearly allied as to Melanitis Bioculatus, which is the female of Bois-
duval’s Dyctis Agondas. Iam not by any means content with the position in which I have placed it,
and am quite prepared to see it put with either the Morphide or the Nymphalid. It may have more
analogy with Diadema (affinity it has with none), as Mr. Westwood, who has been so kind as to examine
it at my request, thinks it has, but the slender body and clubless antenne do not fit it for such a
position. It has been most liberally lent to me from the very valuable private collection of Mr.
Wallace.

IN SY Mik) eh. Avolin Ty DyoAK.
ROMALZOSOMA.

ROMALAOSOMA ZAMPA. 1, 3.
Romaleosoma zampa, Westwood in “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” page 284.

Upprrsipz. Male, glossy green, with white lunular spots on the outer margins.
Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by a narrow broken pale rufous band: the
apex and a spot at the anal angle, white. Posterior wing with the base black, a
red spot within the cell, the outer margin broadly dark green traversed by a band
of seven round white spots.

UnpberrsipDE orange rufous, the outer margins green, the band and spots as above.
Anterior wing with three black spots within the cell, and a fourth indistinct spot on
the upper disco-cellular nervule: the anal angle (bordering the spot) purple. Pos-
terior wing with two black spots near the base, and a longitudinal band of pale green
—yellow near and parallel to the costal margin.

Expan. 33°5 inch. Hab. Sierra Leone.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

ROMALAHOSOMA LUPERCA. 2, 4.

Uprrersipr. Male, dark blue green. Anterior wing with the apical half blue-
black crossed obliquely by a band of rufous white: the apex white. Posterior wing
with the inner margin broadly brown; the outer margin blue-black.

Unpersipg green. Anterior wing, with the costal margin, the band, and apex
white: three black spots bordered with white (in a line) within the cell. Posterior
wing with the base carmine, followed by a band of white and two black spots bor-
dered with white: crossed obliquely from the middle of the costal margin by a band
of white which terminates before the middle of the outer margin: the inner margin
rufous.

Expan. 33% inch. Hab. Calibar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

NYMPHALIDA—ROMAILZOSOMA.

ROMALASOSOMA LOSINGA. 5.

Uprrrsipr. Male, rufous brown. Anterior wing with the apical half dark
brown crossed obliquely by a band of orange: the apex white : the base of the costal
margin lilac.

UnpersipE pale green, clouded with brown: the base of the costal margin, the
band (which is rufous near the outer margin of the wing), and the apex white: three
black spots (forming a triangle) within the cell: the inner margin lilac. Posterior
wing crossed obliquely from the middle of the costal margin by a band of white
which terminates a little below the centre of the wing: a single black spot within the
cell: a submarginal band of indistinct brown spots.

Expan. 4 23%, 9 37% inch. Hab. Congo.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

INERYS Mig VED AXE 2D) Ac.

ROMALAOSOMA. II.

ROMALAOSOMA RUSPINA. 6, 7.

UppersipE. Male (Fig. 7) brick-red; the costal and outer margins black ; the
apex broadly black with an oblong trifid white spot. Posterior wing with the outer
margin broadly black, traversed by a band of seven white spots.

UnpersinE as above, except that there are two or three obscure white spots
below the apex, and that the border of the abdominal fold is white.

Female differs only in form, and in having the apical white spot larger.

Exp. 6 238;, ? 34 inches. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species, although very closely allied to R. Hleus, is abundantly distinct. The posterior
wing is of a different form; the apical white trifid spot of R. Ruspina is, in Eleus, a band divided
into three or four parts. On the underside the difference is more apparent. In this species, the apex
of the anterior wing, and the outer margin of the posterior wing, are dark brown, with the inner
border sharp and clearly defined: in R. Eleus they are rufous-brown (in some examples not much
darker than the rest of the wing) without a defined boundary. Eleus has the costal margin of the
posterior wing broadly white, the new species is without it.

cz
Z

NYMPHALID#—ROMALMOSOMA.

ROMALAOSOMA XYPETE. 8, 9, 10.

Uprersipr. Male (Fig. 8) dark blue-black. Anterior wing with an oblique
band beyond the middle and the apex white ; the immer margin marked by a spot
of green. Posterior wing with a large central spot of green or ochreous-blue.

Unpersips. Both wings with the outer margin brown spotted with white,
and a submarginal band of black, narrower and broken into spots (in pairs), on the
posterior wing. Anterior wing green; the band and apex white, as above: four
spots at the base (three of them round); a short band at the end of the cell; a
longer band at the middle of the wing, forming the inner border of the white
band ; and the inner margin all blue-black. Posterior wing with the costal margin
and centre carmine; the outer margin broadly green; the inner margin broadly
ochreous: a pale green spot near the base, marked with two spots of blue-black :
bordered above with black, and below by three spots of the same colour.

Female differs only in the larger space of roseate colouring of the posterior
wing, and its generally darker hue.

Without excepting even Agrias or Catagramma, this genus is, I think, the most gorgeous of
all the Lepidoptera; combining as it does the greatest contrast of colouring with, at the same time,

the most exquisite and harmonious blending. The species now figured resembles several others on the
upperside, but surpasses them all below.

J deeds el a El Da: Oe

ROMALAOSOMA. III.

ROMALAOSOMA ADONINA. 11, 12.

Uprrrsipe. Female ochreous-yellow, broadly bordered with dark brown: the
base of both wings carmine. Anterior wing with a black spot in the cell ; the outer half
dark brown, with a large quadrifid spot of ochreous-yellow. Posterior wing with an
oblong spot of brown at the end of the cell.

Unpersibe green-yellow. Both wings with the margins dark brown, the outer
margins with lunular white spots ; both with a submarginal band of conical blue-black
spots ; both with a spot of carmine near the base. Anterior wing with a minute brown
spot on the carmine, two blue-black spots in the cell, and a transverse band of five
conical spots beyond the middle, four of which are dark brown, the fifth irrorated with
yellow and indistinct. Posterior wing with the base and four spots beyond the
carmine blue-black.

Expan. 3385 inch. Hab. Old Calabar. :

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This may be a variety of R. Themis. On the upperside the difference is one of colour only. On
the underside the carmine at the base of the posterior wing is in R. Themis nearer to the base.

ROMALASOSOMA CUTTERI. 13, 14, 15.

Uprrrsipe. Male dark brown. Anterior wing with several undefined black
spots near the base; a large ochreous clouded oblique spot near the apex, and a spot
of green (marked by two black spots) before the middle of the inner margin. Poste-
rior wing with the centre green marked at the end of the cell by a black linear spot.

Unprrsipz. Anterior wing green-brown: the cell blue-green, with three spots
and a line of blue-black : two spots of brown below them ; crossed at the middle by
a band of four black spots, and beyond them by a spot of pale yellow. Posterior wing
green-yellow clouded with brown at the apex ; the base yellow, followed by seven black
spots and a transverse broad band of brown; both wings with a submarginal band of
brown spots.

Jot Get bo BB

NYMPHALIDZ—ROMALAOSOMA,.

Female like the male on the upperside, except that the anterior wing has the
oblique spot beyond the middle yellow and much larger: the green spot on the mner
margin larger and an apical spot of white, that the green of the posterior wing
has its centre yellow, and that on the underside the anterior wing has a band of three
dark brown spots between the median nervules.

Expan. 8 23, ¢ 3 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

I have pleasure in naming this species after Mr. Cutter and his family, by whose zeal entomo-
logical knowledge and my own Collection have been, and I trust will yet be, greatly enriched. This

species is especially interesting, because, though clearly belonging to this genus, it has altogether the
aspect of an Euryphene.

M&NHanhart imo

NOY MePn A iL tf Dz.

ROMALOSOMA IV.

ROMALASOSOMA REZIA. 16, 17, 18.

UppersipE. Male, green, with the outer margins broadly brown. Anterior
wing crossed obliquely from near the base to the outer margin by a broad band of
dark brown ; crossed obliquely beyond the middle by a quadrifid band of orange
yellow ; the apex white ; three small submarginal black spots near the apex. Posterior
wing with a submarginal band of dark brown spots. i

UnpERSIDE grey-green. Both wings with the outer margins rufous-brown, both
with a submarginal band of black spots. Anterior wing with the orange-yellow band
as above ; three black spots within the cell, two at the end of the cell, and four on the
inner border of the said band. Posterior wing with the base pale yellow bordered
inwardly with black, and below it a spot and band of black.

Female, blue-black on the upperside, with the inner margin of the anterior wing
and the centre of the posterior wing green. Anterior wing with an oblique band
beyond the middle and the apex, white ; posterior wing with a submarginal band of
large black spots. On the underside like the male, except that it is of a rufous-grey,
that the band of the anterior wing is white, and that the short black band of the
posterior wing forms the upper border of a spot of white which is marked by a black
spot.

Expan. ¢ 8, ¢ 338; ich. Hab. Gaboon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This, though quite distinct from any described species, has considerable resemblance to the one
which is figured on the same plate.

NYMPHALIDE—ROMALMOSOMA.

ROMALAKOSOMA RAVOLA. 19, 20.

UpprrsipE. Male, blue-black; the inner margin of the anterior wing and the
posterior wing green ; anterior wing crossed obliquely beyond the middle by a band of
orange bordered on each side with green. Posterior wing with a submarginal row
of black spots; the outer margin brown.

Unpversipe. Anterior wing green clouded with brown, the band of orange as
above; three large spots within the cell, two at the end of the cell, five forming a
transverse band in the middle and a band of indistinct submarginal spots, all black.
Posterior wing ochreous and orange-yellow, green near the base, where it is marked by
a bifid band of black, and below it by a shorter band, by two spots within and one at
the end of the cell, and below these by three indistinct spots of the same colour; a
submarginal band of eight large black spots; the outer margin brown.

Expan. 3485 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species is easily known from all those most nearly allied to it, by having its body very
robust, and spotted with white, and comes into Mr. Westwood’s first section of the genus with R.
Zampa, and Perseis.

My specimens of R. Ravola differ a good deal from each other: one has the orange band of the
anterior wing much less oblique than that which is figured and of different form; on the underside it is
much more green, and the spots, though most of them are indicated, are obscure and undefined.

It may possibly be only a variety of R. Zeuxis, but in all the other species which have the white
spots on the body both sexes are thus marked. My examples of R. Zeuxis have no such white spots.

Ne MOP nA ET. Dz.
BURY PELE N §.

EURYPHENE SOEMIS. 1, 2.

Uprersipe rufous-brown. Anterior wing with some spots within the cell: a
rufous spot near the costal margin, beyond the middle: a white spot at the apex: a
lilac spot at the anal angle, and two submarginal bands of dark brown spots. Pos-
terior wing, darker brown tinted with purple: crossed beyond the middle by a broad
band of lilac traversed by a line of dark brown spots.

Unversipe lilac grey, with rufous bands and spots. Both wings crossed at
the middle by a broad rufous band, and beyond it by a band of spots and a sub-
marginal band of the same colour. Anterior wing with a spot in the cell: a spot on
the costal margin beyond the middle, and a bifid spot at the apex all white: two
rufous spots in the cell. Posterior wing, with one rufous spot in the cell.

Expan. 23% inch. Hab. Ashanti.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This butterfly resembles in the white apex of the anterior wings, some of the species of Roma-
leosoma. ‘There is a variety in which the underside is much more tinted with green.

EHURYPHENE THEOGNIS. 3, 4.

Upprrsipr. Male dark rufous-brown ; both wings crossed beyond the middle by
a band of spots and submarginal band of dark brown. Anterior wing with some
spots in and at the end of the cell, and a small rufous white spot near the apex.

Unpersipe pale lilac white and grey brown; both wings crossed near the
middle by a common band of darker brown: both wings with spots in the cell and
linear spots beyond them: both with a series of indistinct spots beyond the central
band, and two obscurely marked submarginal bands of brown.

Expan. 2y’5 nm. Hab. Ashanti.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This species is very nearly allied to E. Senegalensis: the anterior wings are more acute at the
apex, and the posterior wings are more regularly rounded. On the underside they scarcely differ.
Some of the species of this genus either vary much, or, like Adolias, possess only slight specific dis-

tinction. This can only be determined by the examination of numerous examples which do not yet
exist in our collections.

NYMPHALID®—EURYPHENE.

EURYPHENE LESBONAX. 5, 6.

UpprrsipE glossy green; the outer margins pale brown. Anterior wing
with the apical half purple, crossed near the costal margin by a short band of
green, and near the outer margin by a band of indistinct black spots. Posterior
wing with the outer margin purple, broadest near the apex, where it is marked by
two or three black spots.

UNDERSIDE orange-yellow, clouded with darker colour. Both wings crossed
by a common band of red brown, tinted on the anterior wing with purple, marked on
the posterior wing at the costal margin by a pale yellow spot: both wings with a
submarginal zigzag band of black: both rufous from the apex to the middle of the
outer margin. Anterior wing with a broad bifid band of red brown near the base,
and beyond it several zigzag black lines. Posterior wing with some small spots
near the base, and a central rufous spot beyond the band, with, between it and the
costal margin, three small lunular spots of the same colour, followed by a band of
black linear spots.

Expan. 2;% in. Hab. Niger.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

IN OMAP EE Aj Dac:

EU Ror ELEN BE IT.

EURYPHENE PHRANZA. 7, 8.

Uppersipr. Female dark brown. Anterior wing with two circular black spots,
a small white spot and a black line within the cell; crossed beyond the middle by an
oblique band of orange-yellow, clouded at its lower extremity and marked by three
black spots; the apex white: a spot of blue at the middle of the inner margin.
Posterior wing with three circular spots within the cell; crossed at the middle by a

band of green, followed by some indistinct oblong black spots and a submarginal
black line.

UnpersipE brown. Anterior wing brown, paler towards the outer margin,
where it is crossed by two indistinct macular bands; the base, two small spots
within the cell, a large spot beyond the middle of the costal margin, the apex, a
- minute spot near it, and two spots near the middle of the mner margin, all white.
Posterior wing with the base brown; the outer half grey, crossed by two macular
bands and an undulated line of rufous brown: two circular spots and a line of black
within the cell; a spot before the middle of the costal margin, and near it three
smaller spots of white.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

It will be seen that the females of the two species now described scarcely differ from each other
on the upperside, and are nearly related to EK. Soemis of a former Plate.

=>

NYMPHALIDA—EURYPHENE.

EURYPHENE PHANTASIA. 9, 10, 11.

Upprrsipr. Male brown crossed by several obscure bands of darker brown.
Anterior wing with some indistinct spots in and below the cell; crossed obliquely
near the apex by a band of orange yellow. Posterior wing crossed by four
obscure bands of dark brown.

Unpersipr green clouded. Anterior wing with the band as above, but with
its upper half white: the base and a spot at the apex also white. Posterior wing
with some very indistinct bands and spots of brown, and a small hilac-white spot
before the middle of the costal margin.

Female dark brown. Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by an oblique
regular band of orange yellow marked by two or three ill-defined black spots; the
apex white: a spot of blue on the inner margin, below the middle. Posterior wing
crossed at the middle by a curved band of blue, in continuation with the blue spot of
the anterior wing. On the underside it does not differ from the male, except in
having a small white spot within the cell of the anterior wing, and a similar spot
(bisected by the first discoidal nervure) on the posterior wing. Both of these spots
are indicated (but scarcely visible) in the male.

Exp. 6 24, 9 353; imch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

NYMPHALID#.
EURYPHENE III. ATERICA.

EURYPHENE MILNEI. 12, 13.

Uppersipg. Male dark brown. Anterior wing rufous at the base; crossed
near the middle of the costal margin by three short bands of blue (one within the
cell), crossed near the apex by four minute white spots. Posterior wing rufous at the
base and costal margin, with, near the apex, a short band of three orange spots, each
marked by a black spot: a large spot towards the anal angle of blue-black.

UnpErsIDE rufous. Both wings crossed beyond the middle by a band of minute
black and white spots. Anterior wing below the median nervure orange yellow :
marked in the cell by two white spots, and at the middle of the margin by a third
similar white spot. Posterior wing with the base darker, marked by a black spot :
crossed before the middle by an indistinct lilac band: the apex hilac-white.

Exp. 234 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

I have named this singular species after Mr. Milne, to whom I feel greatly indebted for the
pleasure of possessing the many beautiful new butterflies figured in the accompanying Plates.

EURYPHENE PLAUTILLA. 14, 15.

Uprersipr. Male dark rufous brown. Both wings crossed by two submarginal
bands of black spots. Anterior wing with two spots near the costal margin bordered
with black (one within the cell), and beyond them four spots of black ; marked beyond
the middle by a minute white spot. Posterior wing dark brown, with a spot at the
end of the cell, and two transverse bands of black spots: the outer margin broadly
rufous.

Unpbers1Dz rufous in the centre, rufous orange near the margins. Anterior wing
with the two spots as above, in and at the end of the cell: crossed obliquely near

2
7 br

NYMPHALID#®—EURYPHENE.

the outer margin by a rufous band, marked with black spots: the apex irrorated with
white, marked by black spots. Posterior wing with three spots near the base,
bordered with black : crossed beyond them by four macular bands of rufous brown :
near the apex a lilac spot, bordered with black.

Exp. 2345 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collections of M. Doumet and W. C. Hewitson.

ATERICA ATOSSA. 1, 2.

Upprrsipz. Female brick red. Anterior wing with the outer half blue-black,
crossed by an oblique band of three white spots: the apex and three spots near it
also white. Posterior wing with the margin broadly dark brown, and near it a band
of very obscure brown spots.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing as above, except that it is much paler, that it has
some rufous bands in the cell, and some lunular white spots beyond the middle.
Posterior wing rufous: the base rufous brown, marked by spots and bands of white
and brown, crossed longitudinally by a broad band of rosy white, which is continued
nearly to the apex: the apex white: a submarginal band of hastate spots: the outer
margin dark rufous brown.

Exp. 3/5 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ve

NEY MM: Po oc, Deal:

EURYPHENE. IV.

HURYPHENE ARAMIS. 16, 17.

Uprrrsipz. Female dark brown. Anterior wing with a large spot of orange,
touching the anal angle, covering one-third of the wing, and marked with three
indistinct rufous spots ; the cell crossed by four bands of black ; a submarginal band of
four conical black spots from the apex to the orange spot. Posterior wing crossed
before the middle by a broad band of white tinted with orange, and by a submarginal
band of conical black spots.

Unpirsine as above, except that it is rufous and that there is a pale spot at the
end of the cell of the anterior wing and a round white spot before the middle of the
costal margin of the posterior wing.

Expan. 233 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

f 4 = ie he

NYMPHALIDA—EURYPHENE.

EURYPHENE DORALICE. 18, 19, 20.

Uprersipe. Male rufous-brown. Anterior wing with three spots in the cell
and some spots below them dark brown, followed by a rufous spot, a band of five
minute white spots from the costal margin to the middle, and by two submarginal
bands of black spots. Posterior wing with two black spots near the base; crossed
beyond the middle by a broad band of rufous-orange traversed by a band of black
spots and bordered outwardly with black.

Unprrstipr as above, except that it is rufous; that the anterior wing has some
pale spots in the cell, a white spot beyond the middle of the costal margin and at the
apex, and that the minute white spots of the upperside are larger, and encompass some
of the black spots of the inner submarginal band ; that the posterior wing has a third
spot near the base, and a submarginal band of pale conical spots.

Female like the male on the upperside, except that the anterior wing is crossed
at the middle by a band of pale conical spots ; that the posterior wing has no transverse
band of rufous-orange, but is broadly bordered by the same colour, traversed by zigzag
black spots, and bordered inwardly by lunular spots of the same colour. On the under-
side the difference between the sexes is very slight.

Expan. 8 245, ¢ 24% ch. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

a

1 1
LUA

WIA IDI A PIM AR
IN SOMOP a VAIO ICID 4

ATERICA & HURYPHENE. V

AMPEDUSA . G7 AMAR REGAN

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BHURYPHENE THNTYRIS.

ARTI]

IN OYOM SPO ACI 1 Dias.

ATERICA AND EURYPHENE.

ATERICA AMPEDUSA. 3, 4, 5.

Uprersipr. Male rufous-brown. Anterior wing with the outer half dark
brown ; the cell rufous, marked by two brown spots bordered with black ; crossed
at the middle and beyond it by three rufous bands. Posterior wing crossed at the
middle by an indistinct band of brown, and beyond the middle by a broad rufous
band traversed by a band of lunular spots, and below them by a second band of
oblong spots.

UNDERSIDE nearly as above, but paler; anterior wing with the transverse bands,
and the spaces between them, near the costal margin and the apex, white or lilac;
posterior wing clouded with lilac: crossed longitudinally near the costal margin by a
band of paler colour.

Female like the male, except that the anterior wing is crossed obliquely near the
middle by a band of white, that there is between it and the apex a curved band of
four minute white spots, and that the apex is white and the outer margin spotted with
white.

Expan. 61,8, ¢ 232; mch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This is, I have little doubt, the P. Auge of Donovan’s ‘‘ Insects of India,” plate 36, but does not
at all agree with the Fabrician descripton ‘ fasciis viridibus.”

ATERICA ARIDATHA. 6, 7.

Uprrrsipg. Female rufous-brown. Anterior wing, except near the base, dark
brown : the cell marked by four bands of darker brown ; crossed beyond the middle
by a broad band of yellow~ with between it and the apex a curved band of four
minute white spots; a submarginal band of dark brown. Posterior wing crossed
before the middle by a band of dark brown, and beyond the middle by a band of
oblong ochreous spots with their centre and lower border dark brown.

UnprErsIDE as above, except that it is paler, the spots im the cell of the
anterior wing bordered with lilac: that the base of the posterior wing is rufous-brown,
marked in its middle and outer border by spots of lilac and white; that the spots of
the band are marked at their upper extremities with white ; and that the outer
margin is spotted with white.

Expan. 24 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Ceo!

NYMPHALIDZ—ATERICA AND EURYPHENE.

ATERICA ABASA.

Uprrrsipr. Female obscure rufous-brown. Anterior wing with some bands of
darker brown in the cell ; crossed obliquely beyond the middle by a quinquefid band
of ochreous yellow and near the apex by four minute white spots. Posterior wing
crossed before the middle by an obscure band of darker brown, and beyond the
middle by a band of obscure pale brown conical spots with their centres and lower
border brown.

UnperstpE as above, but slightly paler; the base of the posterior wing to the
first band rather darker than the rest of the wing; the band of conical spots scarcely
seen, their upper extremities represented by a nearly straight line of white spots,

Expan. 24% inches. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Very closely allied to A. Aridatha, from which it differs in its very obscure colouring, the greater
length and different shape of the band of the anterior wing, the position of the minute white spots
which are nearer the apex; and on the underside by wanting the lilac and white spots which adorn the
other species.

EURYPHENE TENTYRIS. 21, 22.

Uprrrsipe. Male brown. Both wings crossed at and beyond the middle by
three oblique rufous bands. Anterior wing tinted with blue near the costal margin :
the cell marked by spots and lines of black; posterior wing with two spots in the
cell bordered with black.

Unperrsipr rufous, crossed by the bands as above, but much less distinct, the
second and third composed of minute spots: posterior wing with a dentate white
spot before the middle of the costal margin, and a minute spot of the same colour

lower down.

Expan. 1, inch. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
I think that this may prove to be the male of HE. Absolon.

EURYPHENE OXIONE,

Urperstpr. Male rufous-brown. Both wings crossed by three rufous waved
bands. Anterior wing with three lines and a bifid spot of dark brown within the
cell, a similar bifid spot at the end of the cell, and a short rufous band near the base :
posterior wing with a rufous band near the base.

UnpersIDE rufous: some of the bands of the upperside indicated by curved
lines and spots indistinctly seen. Both wings crossed (from the apex of the anterior
wing to the middle of the inner margin of the posterior wing) by @ common straight
rufous-brown band.

Expan. 2,25 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Very nearly allied to E. Absolon, from which it differs in the greater obscurity of colouring of the
upperside and the band of the underside.

Read Ne tek deh IN

IN: Yo ME PD AL. cb DD zg.

ATERICA AND EURYPHENE VI.

ATERICA AMAXTA. 8, 9.

Urrersipz. Male rufous. Anterior wing with the outer half dark brown;
two bands in the cell, a similar band beyond the cell, a broad transverse band
beyond the middle, and a submarginal band of spots all rufous, paler than the rest
of the wing; a band of three white spots before the apex. Posterior wing with
the outer margin brown, traversed by a band of pale rufous spots.

UnpersipE rufous. Anterior wing with the basal half rufous-orange; the
costal margin, three spots within the cell and a transverse band beyond the middle,
all rufous-brown, bordered with grey-white; the central rufous band as above; a
spot of lilac-grey at the middle of the costal margin, and a band of the same colour
towards the outer margin, bordered outwardly with small lunular white spots.
Posterior wing with the submarginal band of spots as above: a longitudinal lilac-
white band parallel to the costal margin: the costal margin dark rufous-brown,
clouded with lilac, three short bands of dark rufous-brown, bordered with lilac-white
below, near the inner margin; a spot of dark rufous-brown before the middle of the
wing.

Expan. 23 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

The antenne of this species are very remarkable for their great length.

>

Sf #4

NYMPHALIDH—ATERICA AND EURYPHENE.

EURYPHENE ELIENSIS. 28, 24, 25, 26.

Uprrrsipe. Male dark brown. _ Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by
an oblique ochreous band, clouded and spotted with brown as it approaches the
outer margin ; crossed transversely by a broad band of obscure golden green; the
cell crossed by bands of blue-black. Posterior wing obscure golden green, with two
or three brown spots within the cell ; the outer and inner margins broadly brown.

Unpersipe rufous, clouded with brown. Both wings with a submarginal band
of brown. Anterior wing crossed within the cell by two pale yellow or lilac bands,
and beyond the middle by a short broad band of the same colour; a small round
spot, a bilobed spot between the bands, and a spot at the end of the cell bordered
with black; an apical grey spot. Posterior wing glossed with lilac, with some
indistinct conical brown spots above the submarginal band ; an oblique white spot on
the middle of the costal margin, and below it two similar white spots; a minute black
spot and two small spots bordered with black within the cell.

Female (Figs. 23, 24), like the male, except that it is darker: the band across
the apex more distinct, white: that there is a subapical white spot, and that the
transverse green band is reduced to an oblong spot upon the inner margin. Posterior
wing with its centre ochreous-yellow. Underside like the male, except that it is of a
different tint of colour; that the band near the costal margin is less oblique and
higher up, and has no second band below it. :

Expan. 3 inches. Hab. Gaboon.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This butterfly scarcely differs on the upperside from the species which I have figured as Roma-
leosoma Cutteri.

NY MPP A EDA.
EURYPHENE VII.

EURYPHENE AMICIA. 27, 28.

Uprersipr. Male, rufous. Both wings crossed transversely by four bands of
dark brown; the first band at the middle; the second broadest at the costal margin
of the anterior wing, indistinct on the posterior wing; the third composed of oval
spots; the fourth submarginal, linear, and undulated; the outer margins brown.
Anterior wing with two lines and a spot bordered with black, within the cell, and
a second spot bordered with black at the end of the cell.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the bands and spots are nearly the same colour
as the rest of the wing, that both wings are crossed beyond the middle by a series of
minute black spots crowned with white, reaching on the anterior wing from the
costal margin to the middle: that the posterior wing has a subbasal black spot,
and a larger black spot on the middle of the first transverse band, which is here
linear and black : the outer border of the transverse band and the anal angle grey.

Exp. 15% inch. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of Christopher Ward.

EURYPHENE ABESA. 29, 30.
Aterica Abesa, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 73, 1869.

Male. Uprrrsipr. Dark blue-brown (so dark that it is not easy to see the
still darker spots). Anterior wing with two spots within, and one outside, the cell:
crossed by bands before and after the middle, and by two submarginal bands of large
dark brown spots. Posterior wing without spots.

Unversipz. Lilac-grey, rufous at the inner margin of the anterior wing: both
wings clouded with pale brown, both crossed near the middle by a zig-zag brown
line, followed on both by a band of small brown spots. Anterior wing with a small
brown spot, and two larger spots bordered with brown, within the cell: a pale spot
on the costal margin beyond the middle. Posterior wing with two or three small
black spots at the base.

Exp. 2375 inches. Hab. Cape Coast Castle.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Like A. Veronica and C@rulea on the upperside, but very different from any other species on

the underside.

GG
Published January 1st, 1871.]

NYMPHALIDZ.—EURYPHENE.

EURYPHENE CARSHENA. 31, 32.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark brown. Both wings crossed by a band of dark brown
at the end of the cell: both crossed beyond the middle by three indistinct broken
bands of brown, the outer margins brown, broad on the anterior wing. Anterior
wing with a line and spot in the cell and a large dark brown spot on the costal margin
beyond its middle. Posterior wing with a small subbasal spot.

Unpersipe rufous, pale. Both wings crossed beyond the middle by a series of
minute brown spots, and by a submarginal zig-zag black line. Anterior wing with
three spots (one minute) within the cell: crossed before the middle by two parallel
lines, and beyond the middle, near the costal margin, by two similar short lines
of brown, and by an oblique rufous band. Posterior wing with three minute
subbasal black spots: an oblong brown spot below the middle of the costal margin :
a zig-zag brown line between this spot and the inner margin, and two rufous-brown
lines below it.

Exp. 14% inch. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of Christopher Ward.

EURYPHENE ELABONTAS. 33.

Upprrsipg. Male, dark brown, with bands and numerous spots of pale yellow.
Both wings crossed near the outer margin by a series of V-like spots, and a sub-
marginal indistinct line. Anterior wing crossed from the centre to the middle of the
inner margin by a band of four spots: two spots between these and the base, three
spots within the cell, and between them and the apex several irregular spots, all pale
yellow. Posterior wing crossed transversely by two bands of spots.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that it is pale ochreous, grey-brown between the
median nervure and the costal margin of the anterior wing: that there are two dark
brown spots near the anal angle of the anterior wing, and a transverse series of small
black spots below the second band of the posterior wing.

Exp. 14% inch. Hab. Africa (Creek Town).

In the Collection of Christopher Ward.

rt, iomps

M & N Hanh

NY MPHALID &.

EURYPHENE VIII. & ATERICA.

EURYPHENE ELPINICE. 34, 35.
Euryphene Elpinice, Hewitson. Ent. Mon. Mag. p. 97, 1869.

UprrrsipE. Female, rufous-orange. Anterior wing with two spots in the cell (one minute),
and one at the end of the cell. Apical half dark brown, marked by white spots ; one large, irregular,
trifid: a small spot below this: a submarginal band of eight spots, the first two of which on the
costal margin and the fourth are small, the fifth marked by a black spot, the eighth large with its
centre black. Posterior wing with the nervures, an apical spot, a submarginal band of spots and
the outer margin, brown.

Unpersipr, pale rufous. Anterior wing with the spots within the cell more distinct:
an oval spot and two white spots below the cell: the apical half pale brown with the white spots
as above, the submarginal spots each marked by a black spot. Posterior wing with a bifid spot
within the cell: the costal margin brown marked by two white spots: an irregular band of brown
before the middle: some indistinct white spots beyond the middle, and a submarginal brown band of
linear spots, bordered on both sides with white.

Exp. 24% inches. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

EURYPHENE OXIONE. 36, 37.
Euryphene Oxione, Hewitson. Exot. Butts. Vol. IIT. p. 50.

Uprersipz. Male, rufous. Both wings crossed by four bands of dark brown; the first three
bands broken into spots on the anterior wing: the third band of the posterior wing macular: the
fourth and submarginal band, undulated: the outer margins brown. Anterior wing with two lines
and an 8-like spot within the cell, and a similar spot at the end of the cell.

Unpersipg, ochreous. Some of the bands and spots of the upperside indicated by indistinct
lines and spots. Both wings crossed at the middle, from the apex of the anterior wing to the middle
of the inner margin of the posterior wing, by a straight rufous-brown band, and beyond the middle
by a series of minute brown spots. Posterior wing with three minute spots within the cell.

Exp. 2375 inches. Hab. Old Calabar.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Published April 1st, 1871.]

NYMPHALID®.—EURYPHENE.

ATERICA LISANDRA. 13, 14.
g P. Lisandra, Stoll. Plate 29, figs. 3, 3c, p. 135.
g Aterica Zeugma, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 73, 1869.

Uppersipge. Female, rufous-orange. Anterior wing with two spots within the cell bordered ;
with dark brown: the apical half dark brown crossed obliquely by a band of white divided into five
parts by the nervures : a subapical band of four white spots. Posterior wing darker near the onl

margin, with two submarginal bands of brown spots.

Unpersipr. Rufous-yellow, with the outer margins rufous-brown. Anterior wing with the
band and spots of white as above: a spot in the cell and the inner margin of the white band dark
brown. Posterior wing with a spot in the cell and an oblique band before the middle (dark on the
costal margin, indistinct below) both dark brown, the submarginal spots of the upperside scarcely
seen, those of the inner band marked by minute white spots.

Exp. 2345 inches. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Like the females of A. Tadema and Ampedusa above: but much brighter in colour, and completely different on
the underside.

WCHewilson delet ith Oct? | ] Ahh ons
F Wt Nitanba

8.39. EURYPHENE PLISTONAX. 40.41. EURYPHENE CINAE- THON

NYMPHALID &.

EURYPHENE. IX.

EURYPHENE PLISTONAX. 38, 39.

Upprrsipe. Female rufous. Anterior wing with the apical half dark brown
marked by several white spots; one from the subcostal nervure large and trifid, one
minute below this, a transverse band of three spots between these and a submarginal
band of six. Posterior wing with a series of submarginal spots and the outer margin
brown.

UnpersipeE ochreous. Anterior wing tinted with lilac towards the apex and
outer margin: the spots of the upperside indistinct, the largest white spot divided into
three separate spots: three spots within the cell and two below these very indistinct,
a small white spot between the first and second median nervules and a linear brown
band between it and the inner margin. Posterior wing crossed before the middle by
a very irregular band of linear curved spots followed by two bands of ill-defined spots,

the first of large and oval spots the second which is submarginal of smaller spots.
Exp. 446 inches. Hab. West Africa. (Angola, Monteiro.)

For this species the largest of the genus I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. and Mrs. Monteiro.
it scarcely differs above from the female of Cocalia except in the more semicircular form of the
posterior wing. On the underside, which I have had difficulty in figuring and describing from the
indefinite form and indistinct colouring of the spots, it is altogether different.

Published January 1st, 1874.]

NYMPHALIDA.—EURYPHENE.

EURYPHENE CINAETHON. 40, 41.

Upprrsipp. Male rufous clouded with brown at the base, the nervures brown.
Anterior wing with several irregular dark brown spots in and below the cell and
crowded together on both sides of the disco-cellular nervures: crossed beyond the
middle by a broad band of orange-yellow: the apex and outer margin dark brown
marked near the apex by two pale orange spots: an indistinct brown spot near the
anal angle: the outer margin below it rufous. Posterior wing with a submarginal
undulated brown band.

Unversipr pale brown. Both wings crossed by a common band of brown
from the apex of the anterior wing to the middle of the mner margin of the posterior
wing, both with an undulated submarginal band of brown. Anterior wing with two
spots (one bifid) within the cell: crossed beyond the middle by a zig-zag band of
brown: the transverse band as above but less distinctly defined. Posterior wing
with a linear brown band and some indistinct spots near the base: an indistinct
brown band and some small pale spots beyond the middle: the submarginal band

bordered inwardly with paler colour.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. West Africa, (Gaboon, Rogers.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

i i a ear’ Wwtirw ae io Le ae

Ne Ya Pol At. he As:

ATERICA AND HARMA.

ATERICA TADEMA. 10, 11, 12.

Uprrrsipz. Male, green-brown, with bands of paler colour. Anterior wing
with a round spot within the cell, a band below it, two parallel bands across the cell,
one at the end of the cell, a transverse curved band at the middle, and a submarginal
band (having its outer border dark brown) all pale green. Posterior wing with a
band of green before the middle and a broad band of the same colour beyond the
middle traversed by a band of brown spots and bordered outwardly with dark brown.

Unpers1vz ochreous yellow, darkest near the base; both wings crossed before
the middle by a pale rufous band (not continuous), both with a band of small brown
spots beyond the middle and a submarginal band of rufous spots. Anterior wing
with rufous lines in the cell ;. posterior wing with a black spot.

Female, rufous. Anterior wing, with the basal half rufous brown, two brown
spots within the cell with rufous border and a pale bifid spot on the inner margin
beyond the middle ; the outer half dark brown, crossed by an oblique band of white,
four minute white spots, and a submarginal band of dark brown. Posterior wing
rufous, darker near the base which is marked with some lines of brown; crossed
beyond the middle (as the male is) by a broad band of paler colour, marked by hastate
brown spots, and bordered outwardly by lunular spots of darker brown. Underside
as above, but paler and more obscure, except that the posterior wing has a brown spot
near the end of the cell.

Expan. ¢ 2335 ¢ 23 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The butterfly now figured may be only a variety of A. Veronica of Cramer, from which it however
differs very considerably ; whilst Veronica is almost as bright in colour as A. Afer (without the brilliant
blue) A. Tadema is on the upperside of an obscure green without the apical white spots. On the
underside it is much paler than Veronica, has the band of the posterior wing nearer the base, and is
always marked in the cell by a distinct black spot. HE. Czrulea, of Boisduval, which he has kindly
lent me for comparison, resembles Veronica more closely than Tadema and is also without the
apical white spots.

NYMPHALID@®—HARMA.

HARMA INDAMORA. 13, 15.

Urrersipe. Female, dark brown, paler on the posterior wing. Each wing
crossed at the middle by an oblique band of white. Posterior wing with a submar-
ginal row of dark brown spots.

UnpersipE as above, except that it is much paler, that there are zigzag lines of
brown near the base of both wings and that they are both crossed obliquely, a little
before the middle, by a linear, nearly continuous, band of brown.

Expan. 2385 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

T have to lament the death of Mr. Milne, from whom I have received so many new and beautiful
butterflies.

HARMA SANGARIS. ¢ 14.
3 Nymphalis Sangaris, Lucas, Lépidopteres Exotiques, Plate LXIX.

Uprrrstpr. Female, grey-brown; the base of the anterior wing, and the basal
half of the posterior wing, scarlet ; both wings with some black spots within the cell,
both traversed by a submarginal band of conical dark brown spots, bordered with
paler colour and crowned on the posterior wing by hastate spots of grey-brown.

UnpErRsIDE as above, except that it is nearly white, with the basal half pale
rufous; that both wings are crossed before the middle by a curved linear band of
rufous brown; that the posterior wing has a bifid white spot before the middle of the
costal margin, and that the conical spots of the upperside are here represented by
linear spots.

Expan. 23% inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

NYMPHALID#£.

HAR, Mi Ae

HARMA HEMERESIA. 1, 2.

Uprrrsipe. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed at the middle by a
straight band of pale yellow, bordered on both sides with green, broken into lunular
spots near the apex of the anterior wing, broadest on the posterior wing ; both wings
crossed, between this band and the outer margin, by two parallel bands of pale yellow
spots. Anterior wing with the costal margin broadly yellow.

UnpersipE pale green: the central band as above: the bands of spots indis-
tinct, with between them a row of linear black spots; the base of both wings with
uregular spots like those of Adolias within the cell.

Expan. 346; in. Hab. Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
There is a variety of this very remarkable species, in which the bands and spots, and costal
margin are all of a grey white.

NYMPHALIDZ—HARMA.

HARMA THEODOTA. 3, 4.

Urrersipe. Male rufous orange; both wings crossed before the middle by a
band of paler colour: both wings with the outer margin brown (narrow on the
anterior wing, broad on the posterior); both with a submarginal band of lunular
black spots.

Unpersipr rufous brown; both wings with several irregular spots of white
(some tinted with yellow) from the base to the middle: both with three bands of
conical spots between the middle and the outer margin; anterior wing with some
irregular spots in the cell, as in the genus Adolias.

Expan. 325 in. Hab. Calibar.
Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Mr. Doubleday put the species of this genus with Adolias, and, except in general appearance,
there is very little to divide them and the neighbouring genera from it, or from each other. Eury-
phene and Harma come very near together, as is shown by the similarity of the undersides of Harma
Theodota and Euryphene Lesbonax ; Euryphene is very close to Aterica, and Euryphene Soemis bears
a near resemblance to two of the species of Romalwosoma, which I have figured, to R. Luperca and
R. Losinga.

The butterfly figured by Herrich Schieffer in his Aussereuropaischer Schmetterlinge, Fig. 8,
belongs to this genus.

2am Vor /a\
HARM!

8. HARMA

HYPATHA

M &N.Hanhart

Nee iP AY ie: An

HARMA II.

HARMA HYARBITA. 5, 6.

Upprrsipr. Male. Anterior wing, with the base brown; the centre yellow;
the apex and outer margin broadly orange. Posterior wing, with a space on the
costal margin, yellow ; a space below it (which is marked by two or three black
spots) orange ; the inner half of the wing and the outer margin dark brown.

UnversipE yellow, rufous, and rufous-brown. Both wings crossed at the
middle by a narrow common band of brown, succeeded on the anterior wing and
near the apex of the posterior wing by two bands of hastate rufous-brown spots, and
by a submarginal band of black spots, some of which are sagittate. Anterior wing,
with the costal margin at the base, rufous: a black spot at the base of the cell, a
lobed rufous spot bordered with black at the middle, a rufous spot at the end of the
cell with a zigzag black line on each side of it. Posterior wing crossed before the
middle by a broad dentate rufous-brown band, having within it in the cell a lobed
rufous spot ; from the central band to the margin (except near the apex, which has
been described) rufous-brown, marked by linear rufous and black spots.

Expan. 3 inches. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species seems at first sight to be identical with Harma Theodota, although upon a nearer
examination it will be at once seen how different the wings are formed on their outer margins.

NYMPHALID®—HARMA.

HARMA HYPATHA. 7, 8.

Uprrrsips. Female dark brown: both wings crossed by a broad submarginal
band of orange-yellow, marked near its upper border by indistinct brown lunular
spots; on its lower border by dark brown spots, some of which are lunular, and on
the underwing form the crown of arched spots of yellow. Anterior wing crossed in
the cell by two zigzag black lines; at the end of the cell by an indistinct line of
black, and beyond the cell by a rufous spot bordered with black: crossed beyond the
middle by a band of three triangular white spots. Posterior wing with two circular
spots within the cell, and two others below them indistinctly defined, sometimes
united in one.

Unprrsipe lilac and grey-brown. Both wings crossed at the middle by an
undulating band of crimson bordered outwardly with lilac-brown, both from this
band to the outer margin grey-white, clouded with grey and rufous-brown; the
lunules and spots nearly as above. Anterior wing with the black lines of the cell
bordered (the one inwardly, the other outwardly) with lilac; some rufous spots near
the base, a lilac spot near the middle of the costal margin, two lunular lilac spots
towards the middle of the inner margin, all bordered above with black.

Expan. 4375 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species is placed in the British Museum Collection as the female of H. Fumana of
Westwood. The two insects bear very little resemblance to each other on either side of the wings.
As far as we know the sexes of Harma, they have a rather close resemblance to each other on the
underside. I prefer to consider this as a distinct species at present.

MN. Hanhart imp

9.11. HARMA ADELINA
IZ. HARMA ALTISIDORA 18. 14. HARMA USELDA

NOY MBE ACL. 1 DAL.

HARMA III. IV.

HARMA ADELINA. 9, 11.

Uprrrsipe. Female, rufous-orange. Both wings with zig-zag black lines within
the cell: both with the outer margins broadly brown, traversed by a double band
of hastate spots.

UnpersivE pale, tinted with rufous-brown and grey. Both wings with zig-zag
black lines in and at the end of the cell: both crossed before the middle by a zig-zag
linear brown band, and at the middle by a straight and continuous band of rufous-
brown: both crossed beyond the middle by a band of indistinct brown hastate spots,
bordered below on the anterior wing, and both above and below on the posterior wing,
with lilac-white: both wings with asubmarginal zig-zag linear band of brown marked
with black between the nervures.

Exp. 233 inch. Hab. Congo.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

The figure of the plate has been printed slightly too dark. I have examples in which the inner
submarginal band of hastate black spots is pale brown, and one, a beautiful thing, from Calabar, which

I believe to be a variety of this species, white, very slightly tinted with yellow, in which the inner sub-

marginal band is represented by some pale spots of ochreous brown ; it is, too, without the central band
of the underside.

HARMA ALTISIDORA. 10, 12.

Urrrrsipr. Male, pale yellow, tinted with orange towards the outer margins.
Both wings with the outer margins brown: both with a submarginal zig-zag continuous
band of black hastate spots. Posterior wing with two indistinct linear spots within
the cell.

Unpersipz pale, rufous : both wings with a spot of rufous-brown in and outside
the cell, followed by a zig-zag brown band: both crossed at the middle by a straight
continuous rufous band: both with three zig-zag bands beyond the middle of pale
brown hastate spots ; the submarginal band marked with linear black spots.

Exp. 24% inch. Hab. Congo.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson,

This, I think, is very probably the male of H. Adelina.

?,

”

NYMPHALIDZ.—HARMA.

HARMA USELDA. 138, 14.

Upprrsipr. Female, dark brown; the bases of both wings broadly rufous-
orange: both with zig-zag linear spots in and at the end of the cell: both with two
bands of hastate black spots beyond the middle, bordered above with white. Ante-
rior wing crossed at the middle by a band of six white spots. Posterior wing crossed
before the middle by a band of black spots, two of which, nearest the costal margin,
are broadly bordered below with white.

Unpersipe as above, except that it is all rufous: that the anterior wing has a
round spot of brown near the base, the bands of hastate spots much more broadly
bordered with white, and other spots of white at the apex and anal angle.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. Congo.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

HARMA HESIODUS. 15, 16, 17, 18.

Uprrrsipr. Male, orange. Both wings with the outer margin brown, both
with a submarginal zig-zag linear brown band marked between each nervule by a
black spot. Anterior wing with the base brown: the cell marked by two indistinct
zig-zag linear spots. Posterior wing with the base ochreous; crossed before the
middle by a broad band of dark brown: the anal angle which projects (as in
Amathusia) suffused with brown.

Unpersipe rufous-brown, tinted with hlac. Both wings with a spot in and at
the end of the cell: both crossed before the middle by a broken series of irregular
black lunular spots: both crossed at the middle by a slightly undulated rufous band
bordered below with paler colour, and by two very indistinct zig-zag submarginal
bands of brown, bordered below with paler colour, the outer band spotted with darker
brown. Anterior wing with the apex lilac-white.

Female, dark brown, rufous towards the base. Anterior wing with the usual
spot in and at the end of the cell; crossed at the middle, from the costal margin, by
a short band of white zig-zag on both sides, followed below by a lunular white
spot, and by two indistinct rufous-brown spots: marked beyond the middle by
three hastate spots of white, and by a submarginal band of scarcely-seen conical
black spots, four of which are crowned by a white spot: apex rufous, marked by
two lunular black spots. Posterior wing rufous below the middle clouded with
brown, and traversed by a zig-zag band of brown marked between the nervures by
black spots. Underside as in the male, except that it has the white spot near the
costal margin of the anterior wing.

Exp. ¢ 33% ¢ 34% ch. Hab. Congo.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

To Mr. Thomas Chapman of Glasgow (who was himself about to describe them), I am indebted
for the pleasure of figuring the four beautiful new Harmas represented in the plates, and for the still
greater pleasure of adding them to my collection.

Te his
7 MIP RCA IL IND.

24 oh a

HARMA VI & EURYPHENE xX

Hanhark im

NEY MP -EivA die D AY.
HARMA. V.& VI.

HARMA HARMILLA. 19, 20.
Harma Harmilla. Hewitson. Ent. Mon. Mag., 1874, p. 274.

Upprrsips. Female dark brown. Both wings crossed by a zig-zag submarginal
band of black in the form of pyramidal spots the apex of each spot marked by an oval
spot of black bordered below with white. Anterior wing crossed within the cell by four
zig-zag black lines; crossed at the middle by a narrow band of dark brown, surmounted
by five pyramidal white spots; the zig-zag submarginal band bordered above with white,
surmounted by a series of dark brown hastate spots. Posterior wing crossed at the middle
by a white band.

Unpersipe. Both wings crossed at the middle by a common linear, nearly straight,
band of black, surmounted on the anterior wing by five white pyramidal spots; both
wings with the basal half pale brown; the cell of the anterior wing crossed as above by
black lines, the cell of the posterior wing marked by an 8-like spot crossed below this by
a curved line of black; both wings with the outer half white crossed by a series of pale
brown pyramidal spots and near the outer margin by a pale brown linear band forming
pyramidal spots, the apex of each spot marked by a black linear spot.

Exp. 3346 inch. Hab. West Africa. (Cameroons.)

In the Collection of Henley G. Smith.

HARMA HELIADA. 21, 22, 23.
Harma Heliada. Hewitson. Fant. Mon. Mag., \874, p. 274.

Urrrrsipr. Male orange-yellow. Both wings with the outer margin rufous; both
with a submarginal continuous series of lunular black spots. Anterior wing with the
base rufous, two zig-zag black lines in the cell, and a brown spot at the apex. Posterior
wing dark brown from the base to beyond the middle; the cell, which is paler, marked
by an 8-like spot; the costal margin pale yellow, with three spots of yellow near its
middle.

UnpersipE rufous-yellow clouded with red-brown. Both wings crossed at the
middle by a common, nearly straight, red-brown, narrow band, surmounted on both
wings by pyramidal spots, continuous on the anterior wing, at the apex only of the
posterior wing; both wings crossed beyond the middle by a double series of pyramidal
rufous spots. Anterior wing with a small black spot and a red-brown spot (with a
smaller spot below it) in the cell. Posterior wing with an 8-like spot in the cell, and a
smaller spot below it. Female does not differ from the male on the underside except in
its paler colour.

Exp. 238 inch. Hab. Cameroons.

In the Collection of Henley G. Smith and W. C. Hewitson.

HARMA COCCINATA. 24, 25, 26.

9 Harma Sangaris ¢. Hewitson. Exot. Butts. Vol. LIT. Pl. 27, f. 14, p. 54.
Upprrsipe. Male scarlet tinted with carmine. Both wings with a submarginal
band of spots and the outer margin which is narrow black.
R
Published July 1st, 1874.]

NYMPHALIDA.—HARMA.

Unprrstpr rufous clouded with lilac-brown beyond the middle. Both wings with
the usual black lines within the cell; both traversed beyond the middle by a double series
of pale spots and a submarginal series of linear black spots. Posterior wing with a large
circular pale spot at the middle of the costal margin.

Exp. 2455 inch. Hab. Old Calabar and Gaboon.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

T have had the butterfly now figured for some years but was doubtful as to the propriety of considering
it distinct from H. Sangaris although Mr. Chapman of Glasgow had suggested to me that my figure in the
“Exotic Butterflies ” referred to above was its female. Its difference from H. Sangaris is much more readily
seen than described and except in the pale spot on the costal margin on the underside of the posterior wing
consists in its constantly smaller size and paler colour. ‘The variety at figure 26 sent me by Mr. Rogers
from the Gaboon does not differ on the underside. A remark made by Mr. Druce has gone further than
anything else to remove all hesitation on the subject : he suggests, and I have no doubt that he is correct, that
the beautiful thing which I figured as H. Uselda is the female of the true Sangaris,

HARMA ANITORGIS. 27.
Harma Aramis 3. Hewitson, fig. 27.

Uprersipe. Female dark brown. Both wings with black lines and spots within
the cell: both crossed near the middle by a band of white commencing at the costal
margin of the anterior wing by lunular spots: both with a submarginal series of
pyramidal black spots bordered above with white. Anterior wing with a trifid white
spot near the middle of the costal margin. Posterior wing with two small white spots in
the same position.

Unprersipr. As above except that it is rufous-brown and that the anterior wing has
a white spot in the cell.

Exp. 24 inch. Hab. West Africa.

In the Collection of Henley G. Smith.

When I first saw the butterfly now described I never doubted that it was the female of Aramis and
figured it as such without until now—when it is somewhat late—referring to my own specimens to ascertain
their sex. They are all females and I look forward with much interest to the time when I shall have the
pleasure of figuring the males of both species.

EURYPHENE CHILONIS. 42, 43.

Urrrrstpr. Male purple. The costal and outer margins brown. Both wings
crossed from the median nervure of the anterior wing to the abdominal fold of the
posterior wing by a broad common band of green. Anterior wing with two lunular grey
spots within the cell and a trifid orange spot near the costal margin beyond the middle :
the apex white. Posterior wing with a black spot within the cell.

Unprrsipr green clouded with brown towards the margins. Both wings with a sub-
marginal series of indistinct brown spots. Anterior wing with the base of the costal
margin white, two black spots within the cell and a black spot at the end of the cell: the
orange spot and the white apex as above. Posterior wing with three black spots within
the cell and a pale spot at the middle of the costal margin.

Exp. 235 inch. Hab. West Africa. (Gaboon, Rogers.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

NYMPHALIDE.

ADOLIAS.

.

ADOLIAS AEETES. 1, 2.

UpprrsipE. Male dark brown; anterior wing with several indistinct light
brown spots near the base: crossed obliquely beyond the middle by a band of six
white spots and nearer the apex by three small spots also white, which meet the
fourth spot of the band just described, and with it form a triangle. Posterior wing
crossed transversely beyond the middle by a band of grey, divided by the nervures
which are black. Both wings crossed by a submarginal band of black spots bordered
outwardly with grey.

Unpersipr rufous-brown; anterior wing as above, except that there is a
quadrifid spot in the cell margined on both sides with black and that the indistinct
spots of the upperside are here white; posterior wing with three lilac spots bordered
with black within the cell; two lunular spots of the same colour near the middle and
a submarginal band of black spots.

Female considerably larger, light brown above, does not differ from the male
on the upperside in the marking of the anterior wing. The posterior wing with
three pale rufous oblong spots near the middle; crossed beyond the middle by two
bands of pale rufous spots, with between them oblong spots of dark brown.
Underside as in the male, except that it is much paler.

Expan. 6 375 m., ¢ 34%,m. Hab. Celebes.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The female of this species bears considerable resemblance to that of Dirtea (var. Boisduyalii)
figured in G. R. Gray’s “ Lepidopterous Insects of Nepal,” Pl. X.

NYMPHALID@—ADOLIAS.

ADOLIAS AMANDA. 3, 4.

Uprrrsipr. Male dark brown. Anterior wing paler towards the outer margin,
tinted with blue towards the anal angle ; crossed by a band of indistinct black spots ;
two spots in the cell bordered on both sides with black. Posterior wing with a
lunular spot before the middle: crossed at the middle by a band of black spots ;

beyond this band, to the outer margin, blue clouded with brown, and crossed by two
bands of black spots.

Unpersipr. Pale brown-green two minute black spots and two large carmine
spots bordered with black within the cell; crossed near the middle by a band of
very indistinct black spots and beyond the middle by a second band of black spots as
above. Posterior wing with several carmine spots; one on the costal margin at its
base ill-defined, four near together before the middle bordered with black, a
transverse band at the middle of six or seven (the middle spots obscure) also bordered
with black above and below; the margin of the abdominal fold and a spot at the anal
angle also carmine: a submarginal band of black spots, as above.

Female brown. Anterior wing crossed by an oblique band of five white spots :
the second spot nearly bifid, the lowest spot minute: two minute white spots
towards the apex, a submarginal band of indistinct black spots, a small black spot,
and two black bands within the cell. Posterior wing rufous-brown, crossed
transversely at the middle by a broad band of dull scarlet divided by black
nervures and bordered with black, deeply smuated on its lower border between the
nervures; a submarginal band of six round scarlet spots bordered with black
above. Underside as above, except that it is much paler, that there is a second
small black spot near the base, a spot of carmine between the black bands which
cross the cell and a second between the white spots which form the transverse band ;
the submarginal band of black spots more distinct, with between them and the
margin a band of grey-white. Posterior wing with the carmine spots as in the
male, the submarginal band of spots shghtly tinted with carmine.

Expan. é 33%, ¢ 339 1m. Hab. Celebes.
In the Collectious of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

I have adopted the name for this species, by which it stands in the Museum of the Jardin
des Plantes in Paris.

Ae

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Printed by Walter & Cohn

IN) XG MR AG I) TD) Ag.

ADOLIAS. II.

ADOLIAS ANYTE. 5.

Uprrrsipg. Male, green-brown; both wings crossed beyond the middle by two
bands of darker brown; anterior wing with a brown line and a spot of rufous-
brown bordered on both sides with black within the cell: a small spot below the
last, and a spot just beyond the end of the cell also bordered on both sides with
black ; the space between the two transverse bands is of a paler tint than the rest of
the wing, marked with two indistinct round spots; posterior wing with a white spot
on the costal margin beyond its middle.

UnpersipE as above, except that it is much paler; that the posterior wing
has the oblong and transverse black marks near the base common to the species of
this group, and that it is crossed in the place of the first transverse band by a band
(broken in the middle) of six obscure white spots.

Expan. 258; in. Hab. East India.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ADOLIAS AETION. 6, 7.

Uppersipr. Female, dark brown; anterior wing crossed obliquely at the
middle by a quinque-partite band of yellow, and nearer the apex and outer margin by
a curved band of five spots of the same colour; an oblong spot at the anal angle,
and two near the inner margin beyond its middle grey and indistinct ; posterior wing
with a large spot of yellow before the middle.

Unperstpp. Anterior wing with the two transverse bands as above, except
that the spots of the outer band are white; black from the base to the second band,
oe D

NYMPHALIDM—ADOLIAS.

light brown beyond it: the base itself grey: the costal margin and costal nervure
black: a triangular spot, a spot bordered with black and again with white within the
cell: a curved white band at the end of the cell: two oblong white spots near the
apex: the outer margin spotted with white; posterior wing pale rufous-brown: the
costal margin near the base scarlet ; the yellow spot smaller than above: a spot near
the costal margin before the middle, and a curved band of five or six indistinct spots
beyond the middle, all grey.

Expan. 3775 in. Hab. Aru.
In the Collection of A. R. Wallace.

This butterfly bears but slight resemblance to any other species of Adolias. The anterior wing is
of different form and the colouring of the underside singular. I cannot however, find any characters
sufficiently marked by which to separate it. The cell of the anterior wing is closed, that of the pos-
terior wing is open. The branches of the subcostal nervure are exactly as in A. Lubentina.

ADOLIAS APHIDAS. 6&.

Upprrsipe rufous-brown ; both wings crossed by a continuous oblique band of
dark brown, commencing at the apex of the anterior wing and reaching to the mid-
dle of the abdominal fold of the posterior wing. Anterior wing with a black line,
two oblong spots (one within, the other just beyond the cell) and two smaller spots
below these; crossed at the middle by a curved band of five clouded-white spots ;
the outer margin dark brown. Posterior wing with two oblong spots near the base ;
crossed beyond the middle by a band of dark brown lunular spots.

Unprrsipr as above, except that it is orange-yellow; that the band described
above as continuous, is much more distinct on the anterior wing, but scarcely seen on
the posterior wing ; that the spots near the base of the anterior wing and the band
of white spots are all bordered with black: that there is a sixth white spot below
the band of five spots; that the apex is white; that the posterior wing has the
usual black spots and lines near the base, but indistinctly marked.

Expan. 33in. Hab. East India.
Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson

NY ve Per AC ie 1) As.

ADOLIAS. III.

ADOLIAS CALLIPHORUS. 9.
Adolias Calliphorus, Felder. Wien. Ent. Monats, Vol. V., p. 302.

Uprrrsipr. Male dark brown; paler near the base of the anterior wing.
Anterior wing with several of the usual black lines in and below the cell. Both
wings crossed obliquely near the outer margin by a common band: on the anterior
wing narrow, gold-green, marked by one or two black spots: on the posterior wing
broad, cerulean blue, tinted with green towards the anal angle.

UnprrsivE pale green; both wings with the usual cellular black lines ; both
crossed beyond the middle by two parallel bands of black spots.

Female does not differ from the male, except that it is larger, and has the spots

of the inner band, on the underside of the posterior wing, much less distinct.

Expan. 3335 in. Hab. Luzon, Philippine Islands.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

NYMPHALIDZ—ADOLJIAS.

ADOLIAS IMPERATOR. 10.
Adolias Imperator, Boisduval Ms.

. Uprrrsipe. Female black; green-brown at the base of the wmgs. Anterior
wing with twenty-two white spots; two of them within the cell, small and obscure.
Posterior wing crossed at the middle by a broad curved band of cerulean blue; and
near the outer margin by a band of seven spots; the first four round and white, the
three nearest the anal angle lunular pale blue; the outer margins spotted with
white.

Unpersipg. Anterior wing as above, except that the apex is broadly rufous,
and that the two spots nearest to it are tinted with the same colour. Posterior wing
red-brown from the base to beyond the middle marked by nine or ten dull hilae spots ;
the wing beyond dull lilac, with the white spots as above, those which are blue above

hlac and indistinct ; all the margins bright rufous.
Expan. 448; in. Hab. Luzon.

In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

I am indebted to the generous kindness of Dr. Boisduval for the pleasure of figuring this, one of
the most beautiful species of a genus conspicuous for its rich variety of form and colour.

NeYoM: Pe Ant? Dick.

ADOLIAS. IV.

ADOLIAS ACONTIUS. 11.
Adolias Acontius, Hewitson, Annis. and Mag. of Nat. His., \874.

Uprrrsipr. Female dark rufous-brown. Anterior wing with the usual spots
in the cell: crossed from the middle of the costal margin to a little beyond the first
median nervule by a band (broader as it proceeds) divided by the nervures into seven
white spots—the first minute, the last which is below the median nervule small: a
band of three spots, commencing nearer the apex, joins the band just described at
its fourth spot: crossed towards the outer margin by a series of black pyramidal
spots bordered inwardly (between them and the white band) by lilac; the last
black spot near the anal angle bordered on both sides with lilac. Posterior wing
crossed beyond the middle by a broad lilac band irrorated with white and bordered
outwardly by a series of lunular black spots which have below them lilac spots.

Unpersip£ green-blue near the base, lilac at the outer margin. Anterior wing
with the bands as above bordered by pale ochreous brown. Posterior wing with four
subbasal spots bordered with black ; the transverse band indistinct except near the
costal margin where it has a rufous border on both sides.

Exp. 375 inches. Hab. Andaman Islands. (Wimberley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ADOLIAS CENESPOLIS. 14.
Adolias Cenespolis, Hewitson, Entom. Mon. Mag. page, 183, 1875.

Uprrrsipr. Female rufous-brown tinted with lilac beyond the middle. Both
wings crossed near the middle by a common band of white spots smaller towards the

inner margin of the posterior wing: both wings crossed beyond the middle by a

Published July 1st, 1875.]

NYMPHALIDA.—ADOLITAS.

band of sagittate black spots bordered below with white. Anterior wing with a
brown spot bordered with black at the end of the cell: the costal margin broadly
brown marked by a small white spot between the transverse bands.

Unversrpr as above except that it is much paler and pearly white beyond the
middle ; that the anterior wing has a round spot within the cell: that the posterior
wing has a smaller spot within the cell and a spot bordered with brown at the end of
the cell.

Exp. 33 inches. Hab. Borneo.

In the Collection of Henley G. Smith.

ADOLIAS CIBARITIS. 12, 13, 15.
Adolias Cibaritis, Hewitson, Annls. and Mag. of Nat. His., \874.

Uprrrsipg. Female dark rufous-brown. Both wings with the usual spots in
and below the cell: both crossed beyond the middle, from the costal margin of the
anterior wing to the anal angle of the posterior wing, by a broad band of white
divided by the nervures, sinuated deeply on its inner margin at its fourth spot
on the anterior wing and bordered outwardly on both wings by a series of sagittate
black spots crowned with lilac. Anterior wing with a small white spot between the
band and the apex.

Unpersipe pale green. Both wings with the bands and spots as above, bor-
dered inwardly with black.

Male like the female, except that the white band of the posterior wing is

narrower and on the underside bordered on both sides with black spots.
Exp. ¢ 234%, ¢ 34 inches. Hab. Andaman Islands. (Maberley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This is the largest known species of the Zrigerta group, to which it belongs.

V C. Hewitson, del. et hth, 1860 Printed by Hullmandel &

1 2> AGRIAS HEWITSONIUS
AGRIAS PERICLES 4. AGRIAS SARDANAPALUS

NYMPHALIDGE.
AGRIAS.

AGRIAS HEWITSONIUS. 1, 2.
Agrias Hewitsonius, Bates, Proc. Ent. Soc., April, 1860.

Uprrrsips. Male black. Anterior wing with the base orange ; the rest, except
the margins, purple. The outer border of the purple blue. Three indistinct spots
crossing the apex grey. Posterior wing with the centre purple.

Unpersipze. Anterior wing with the orange as above, followed by black on the
lower part of the wing; by grey on the upper part to the apex. Posterior wing
with the base orange (marked within the cell by two black spots), followed to the
outer margin by light green ; crossed by bands and spots of black. he first band
short at the end of the cell; the second broader, angular, also short; the third
curved, angular, divided into six by the nervures ; the fourth of seven oval spots, each
with a white dot, the spot nearest the anal angle with two; the fifth band near the
outer margin divided into lunular spots near the apex.

The female differs only in its greater size, and in being without the tuft of hair
on the posterior wing.

Expan. 3,9 in. Hab. Amazon.
Tn the Collections of Mr. Bates and W. C. Hewitson.

After having already added three species to a genus which was before represented by but one,
it is with very great pleasure that Iam enabled, through the kindness of Mr. Bates, to figure three
more ; all so exquisitely beautiful, that it is difficult to give the preference to one. I hope that I shall
not be accused of vanity in introducing here the species to which he has attached my name. When
describing Agrias Phalcidon, I noticed its general resemblance to Callithea Leprieurii. No one can see
the present species without being struck by its remarkable likeness to Callithea Batesii.

This mimicking in one species of another, sometimes in distant genera and even families, and
sometimes so compleie as to deceive any eye but that of an entomologist, is one of the most interesting
facts which meets the naturalist in his study of these fairy things.

Mr. Bates is, I am happy to say, once more in his native land, after having devoted eleven of his

best years in exploring the natural history of the river Amazon, bringing home with him a collection
stored with new species, many of which will, I hope, enrich future numbers of this work.

AGRIAS PERICLES. 3.
Agrias Pericles, Bates, Proc. Ent. Soc., 1860.

Upprrsipr. Male black. Anterior wing from the base to the middle, except
the inner margin, bright scarlet; followed by longitudinal rays of blue and green.
The apex crossed by three or four white spots. Posterior wing with the centre blue,
bordered outwardly by green, the nervures which cross it also green.

Unpersipg. Anterior wing with the basal half orange, the rest black, crossed

y. fi

NYMPHALIDE—AGRIAS.,

towards the costal margin longitudinally by some rays of greenish yellow, and trans-
versely near the apex by a band of the same colour. Posterior wing black, crossed
transversely by six bands. ‘The first band, which is rufous, commences on the costal
margin near the base, and running parallel to the body, joins the fifth band; the
second also commences on the costal margin, crosses the cell, and curving downwards,
ends there; the third is central and short; the fomth commences near the costal
margin, turns downwards, and then upwards ; the fifth and sixth cross the entire wing
parallel to each other and the outer margin, inclosing between them seven white
spots; the spot nearest the anal angle bifid. The costal and outer margins and the
abdominal fold (which is traversed by a black line), all light green.

Expan. 3in. Hab. Amazon.
In the Collection of Mr. Bates.

The underside of this species has not been given, because the posterior wing does not differ at
all from that of A. Phalcidon figured in Plate XLIII. of the first volume of this work.

AGRIAS SARDANAPALUS. 4.

Agrias Sardanapalus, Bates, Proc. Ent. Soc., 1860.

Uprrrstpp. Male black. Anterior wing, from the base to beyond the middle,
carmine, followed by a transverse band of blue. Three indistinct light brown spots
cross the apex. Posterior wing (the margins excepted) blue.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing with the carmine as above, but lighter. The end
of the cell and two spots within it black. The rest of the wing black, crossed by
two transverse bands; the first band short, pale yellow near its origin at the costal
margin, and grey below; the second, which reaches across the wing, is also pale
yellow. Posterior wing rufous and grey, marked with spots and bands of black. A
spot at the base; five spots in or near the cell, inclosed, except towards the base, by
a band of black, which has its outer edge rufous ; followed by three curved transverse
bands, also black ; the last two united at the ends and inclosing seven large oval
black spots with rufous borders and centres of light blue, the spot nearest the anal
angle with two such spots.

Expan. 3,3, in. Hab. Amazon.
In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and Mr. Bates.

This species does not differ on the underside from Agrias Claudia. Above, its chief difference
consists in its having nearly all the posterior wing of a rich dark blue, instead of the smaller central
carmine spot on the wing of Claudia.

Until we know something more as to the distribution of colour, it would be hardly safe to say,
that in this case it only marks a variety. I am, however—after studying the Catagrammas—much
inclined to the belief, that blue and crimson supplant each other on the wings of the same species. In
several species of flowers this change takes place.

ING MeP EA hee An

NYMPHALIS AND AGRIAS.

AGRIAS PHALCIDON. 1, 2.

UprrrsipE dark blue from the base to beyond the middle (except the cell,
which is black) followed by a band of green, broadest on the anterior wing, sinuate
inwardly on the posterior wing; the outer margins black, broadest at the apex.
Anterior wing with a line of three indistinct white spots across the apex.

Unpersrpe black. Anterior wing, with the costal margin at the base, rufous ;
a curved band across the apex, and two or three lines following the discoidal nervules
of a yellow-green. Posterior wing crossed by five bands; the first, rufous-yellow,
commences at the costal margin near the base, and runs parallel to the body until
it joms the fourth band; the second also commences at the costal margin, crosses
the cell and, making a curve downwards, ends there; the third begins near the
costal margin, bends downwards, and again upwards, nearly in the form of an S;
the fourth and fifth bands, which run parallel to each other and the outer margin,
inclose between them a row of eight light blue spots; the costal and outer margin, a
triangular spot between the second and third band, and the abdominal fold (which
is traversed by a black line) all light green.

Expan. 3in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This, another of the many new and beautiful species for which we are indebted to the untiring
enthusiasm of Mr. Bates, is remarkably different in its colours from the other species of Agrias, and
at once points out its resemblance in that respect to Callithea Leprieurii. Mr. Bates tells me that he
has taken another new and even more beautiful Agrias than that now figured, which I hope to have
the pleasure of adding to these illustrations.

NYMPHALIDA—NYMPHALIS.

NYMPHALIS.

NYMPHALIS CALYDONIA. 3, 4.

Uprrrsipe black. Anterior wing, with a large irregular space extending from
the base to the second median nervule and to beyond the middle of the inner margin,
together with an oblique band of four small spots beyond the middle, light yellow.
Posterior wing, from the base to beyond the middle, lilac-white ; the outer margin
with some white lunules.

Unpersipr, with the large space at the base nearly as above, followed near the
anal angle by a large black spot. The rest of the wing variegated with scarlet and
grey, with numerous spots and curved lines of black ; the outer margin black. Pos-
terior wing, with the costal margin and a transverse band before the middle, white.
From the base to beyond the middle scarlet, with numerous large black spots.
Crossed beyond the middle by two bands of black, each traversed by a line of
lilac, the first very tortuous and continuous, the second (near the outer margin) com-
posed of several spots; the space between these bands is green, thickly sprinkled
with black; the outer margin yellow.

Expan. 43%; in. Hab. Malacca.

In the Collection of Mr. Wallace.

This glorious butterfly is beyond description. Both of the posterior wings are so much injured
that I have had to imagine part of the outer margin, but have little doubt that if we ever have the
good fortune to see a perfect example it will prove to be of nearly the same form as Berenice of Drury.
It is one of the many beautiful new species sent home by Mr. Wallace, who, after suffering ship-

wreck, and seeing his South American collections burned on board, is now exploring the Indian
islands.

Printed by Hulbnandal & Walton

W CO Hewitson, del et bth 185

8 AGRIAS AMYDON 2 AGRIAS ASDON. Hewitson

4.5 SIDERONE SYNTYCHE

NYMPHALID &.

AGRIAS AND SIDERONE.

AGRIAS AMYDON. 1, 3.

Uprrrstpz. Male black. Anterior wing crossed from near the base to
beyond the middle by a very broad band of scarlet, extending from the costal margin
to near the anal angle. The apex crossed by three indistinct clouded spots. Poste-
rior wing with a bright blue spot between the median nervure and the anal angle
divided by a nervule.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing with the scarlet band as above, but hghter, and
intersected by black nervures; the cell marked by two imdistinct black spots; the
apex crossed by a curved band of ochre-yellow, with, between it and the scarlet
band and near the costal margin, three longitudinal rays of the same colour. Poste-
rior wing blue-black, crossed by five bands of ochre-yellow, the first (curving inwards)
from the costal margin near the base to the end of the abdomen; the second from the
costal margin to the inner boundary of the cell; the third, commencing near the
costal margin, curves downwards, and again upwards, and almost joins the lower end
of the first band, forming nearly the letter Z; the fourth and fifth bands run parallel
to each other and the outer margin, and enclose between them eight small light-blue
spots ; the costal margin from below the second band, the outer margin and two
oblong spots between the second and third bands also ochre-yellow, as well as the
abdominal fold, which is traversed by a black line.

Expan. 33m. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

This beautiful species, very closely allied to Agrias Aldon of Westwood and Hewitson (Gen. of
Diur. Lep., Pl. 47), was presented to the Entomological Society by Senor T. J. Stevens, of Bogota.
Above they are much alike, but, in order to show their distinctive characters, I have given a figure
of the underside of A. Adon ; they are, I believe, both males. In colour and general appearance
these butterflies are much like some of the Catagrammas.

AGRIAS AIDON. 2.
A. Adon. Hewitson. Gen. Diur. Lep., Pl. 47.

NYMPHALID#—AGRIAS AND SIDERONE.

SIDERONE.

SIDERONE SYNTYCHE. 4, 5.

Uprrrsipr. Male. Anterior wing purple (the outer margin black), with a large
triangular spot of scarlet tinted with carmine extending from the base to the middle
of the wing, bounded on one side by the costal margin, on the other by the median
nervure and its first nervule; the apex with two small spots of white. Posterior wing
dark brown, glossed with purple towards the outer margin; tailed at the anal angle ;
an oval crimson spot near the middle of the costal margin, and a line of light-blue
spots near the outer margin from the tail to beyond the middle of the wing.

UnpersiE richly varied with many shades of brown, red-brown, and grey.
Anterior wing with the base and apex red-brown; the rest grey, crossed first a little
beyond the end of the cell by a line of brown; next by a band of brown from the
middle of the inner margin to the outer margin near the apex; the outer margin near
the anal angle also brown; the apex with several small white spots. Posterior wing
with the base red-brown, followed, first by a triangular transverse band of dark-brown,
next by a band of grey bounded by black and traversed by a line formed of purple
atoms; the apex marked by a large red-brown spot; the anal angle by a large semi-
circular spot of ashy-grey traversed by a black line on which there are three indis-
tinct spots of white; the palpi and breast yellow; the body red-brown; the abdo-
minal fold grey.

Expan. 34/5 in. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

This beautiful butterfly is probably the male of P. Marpesia of Cramer (Pl. 191), to which it

bears resemblance on the underside. I have never seen the insect figured by Cramer, and do not
know its sex.

NYMPHALID#.

PREPONA PRIENE. 6.

Uprrersipr. Male black. Both wings with a large central spot of green-blue.
On the anterior wing, triangular, and touching the middle of the inner margin. On the
posterior wing quadrate, not touching the costal margin, not forming a continuous
band with the spot of the anterior wing. Posterior wing with a row of round black
spots parallel to the outer margin, those nearest the anal angle dotted with blue.

Unpersipr. Both wings grey or rufous ; near the base marked with spots and
lines of black. Crossed from the costal margin of the anterior wing (before the middle)
to the anal angle of the posterior wing by a straight line partly black (slightly broken
where the wings meet), bordered on a portion of its inward margin with white. Be-
yond the band rufous-brown and grey. Posterior wing irrorated with white, crossed
by a band of rufous-brown spots, the two at the anal angle marked with black and
blue, all dotted with white.

Expan. 4;'¢im. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Like the other blue-banded species of Prepona above, except that it is without the blue spot near
the middle of the costal margin, and that the blue band is not common to both wings. On the underside
it is most nearly allied to P. Amphimachus, but differs from it in the direction of the transverse band as
well as in its general colour.

vy &

NYMPHALIDAZ—PREPONA.

PREPONA PRAINESTE. 7, 8.

Uprnrsipe. Male dark brown, glossed with purple, chiefly on the posterior
wing. Both wings crossed by a submarginal band of scarlet; in distinct spots on
the anterior wing, divided by the nervures only on the posterior wing. Anterior wing
crossed by a broad longitudinal band of scarlet, commencing at the base, and pro-
ceeding until it joins one of the submarginal spots.

Unpersipr red brown, with spots and bands of darker colour. Anterior wing
with a bifid spot and band within the cell, the end of the cell, both sides of a greyish
spot (which crosses the wing beyond the middle from the costal margin to the median
nervure), and two lines between the second and third median nervures, all red-brown.
The inner margin, and two spots between the first and second median nervules
purple-brown. Posterior wing with two spots near the base, two a little beyond
them, two in the cell, the boundary of the cell, a curved transverse band before
the middle, and a row of spots near the outer margin, all red-brown. Two spots
of white before the middle, and an eye-like spot near the anal angle bordered with
black above, its centre black, dotted with white. The wing beyond the middle,
thickly irrorated with white.

Expan. 4,99 in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This beautiful butterfly, for which I am much indebted to the kindness of Mrs. Mark, bears con-
siderable resemblance to P. Deiphile. Besides the singular band of the anterior wing, this species
differs from it in the much rounder form of the posterior wing.

NY DIP ECALID A:

PREPONA II. AND AGRIAS.

PREPONA PRAINESTE. 9, 10.
Var, Buckleyana.

UprersipE. Male dark brown. Anterior wing crossed at the middle by a broad
curved band of scarlet which commences at the base, and, having in its centre the
second branch of the median nervure, ends near the anal angle: the costal margin
and a small spot near to and above the central band also scarlet: the space between
the scarlet band and the inner margin purple. Posterior wing with the centre blue
and a broad submarginal scarlet band.

UnpeRSIDE grey red-brown. Anterior wing with a dark red-brown spot in
the cell bordered on both sides with white, a large spot of paler colour than the rest
of the wing between these and the apex marked by a small white spot and bordered
with red-brown: the space between the second and third median nervules scarlet
crossed by two bands of black: the space between this and the posterior wing blue-
black. Posterior wing crossed before the middle by several short bands of red-brown :
marked near the middle of the costal margin and at the middle of the wing by a
spot of white: below these a broad band irrorated with white, and a submarginal series
of five minute white spots bordered above by red-brown, the spots nearest the apex
and anal angle forming ocelli.

Exp. 4 inch. Hab. Bolivia. (Buckley-)
In the Collection of W, C. Hewitson,

PREPONA XENAGORAS, 11, 12.
Prepona Xenagoras, Hewitson, Entomological Monthly Magazine, 1875, page 153.

Uprrrsipr. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed at the middle by a broad
band of purple and by a submarginal series of orange spots, two of which, on the
posterior wing, have their centres black and are placed next to the apex and anal
angle.

UnpersiveE rufous-brown. Both wings crossed before the middle by two bands

of silvery white bordered with black. Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by
DD
Published January 1st, 1876.]

NYMPHALIDA.—PREPONA.

a zigzag band of black. Posterior wing with two ocelli, in place of the black
spots above, of a brilliant blue, with white pupil and iris of orange and white: the
space between them and the band irrorated with white.

Exp. 33%; inch. Hab. Bolivia. (Buckley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species scarcely differs from Deiphile on the upperside: on the underside it is remarkably
different, and much resembles P. Gnorima and P. Eugenes.

AGRIAS ZENODORUS.
Agrias Zenodorus, Hewitson, Transactions of the Entomological Society, 1870, page 156.

Uprersipe. Male black. Anterior wing crossed at the middle from the costal
margin to near the anal angle by a very broad oblique band of orange, divided into
seven parts by the nervures: two subapical spots (one clouded) of pale yellow.
Posterior wing with a large spot of brilliant blue towards the outer margin: the
apex pale yellow.

Unpersipg. Anterior wing as above, except that there are two black spots
within the cell: a spot near the costal margin, and a band near the apex, pale yellow.
Posterior wing black, crossed by five bands of pale yellow; the first near the base
from the costal margin to the middle of the first median nervure, the second shorter,
the third angular, the fourth linear and clouded, the fifth submarginal: a linear yellow
spot within the cell, and a series of blue spots between the fourth and fifth bands :
the costal and outer margins and anal angle yellow.

Exp. 3-75 inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Gualaquisa, Villagomes.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This is most likely only a variety of 4. A’don. On the underside they are identical. On the
upperside the transverse band, which is in A A@don carmine, is here orange. The blue spot of the
posterior wing, which in A. AZdon varies much, and is absent altogether from one of my specimens,
is in A. Zenodorus much larger, and of a brilliant Morpho blue. A second specimen sent me by
Mr. Buckley from Bolivia has this blue spot much smaller,

NYMPHALID &.

PANDORA AND PREPONA.

PANDORA PROCILLA. 1, 2, 4.

Uprrrsipz. Male dark blue glossed with green. Anterior wing crossed
before the middle by four bands of black, the cell by six. Crossed transversely at the
middle by a band of glossy green; the rest to the apex blue-black, crossed by an
oblique band of three white spots. Posterior wing with the nervures; a faint line
across the middle of the cell; the end of the cell; a curved line from the middle of
the costal margin to the anal angle; a broad band, which encloses five round spots
of the colour of the rest of the wing (two or three of which have centres of black); a
waved band near and parallel to the outer margin and the margin itself; all black.

Unpersipg. Anterior wing, with the base grey; the cell crossed by black lines
as above, enclosing two spots of brick-red; the rest of the wing to near the apex
(where it is crossed obliquely by a band of white) black; the apex red-brown. Pos-
terior wing red-brown, tinted with purple; a small spot at the base; two minute
spots in the cell; a line from near the costal margin to the median nervure crossing
the cell; the end of the cell; a curved line (as above) from the middle of the costal
margin to the anal angle; the iris of six eyes, and an indistinct submarginal line ;
all black. The eyes are of the colour of the wing, and four of them have pupils
of blue.

Femaue. Differs from the male on the upperside in having the central band of
the anterior wing much broader, and in wanting the spots across the apex (which are
scarcely visible), as well as the red spots across the cell. On the posterior wing,
in having the eye-like spots nearest the costal margin converted into a band, and the
space between them and the outer margin all black. On the underside the band
across the apex of the anterior wing is wider and tinted with green, and the posterior
wing is of a brilliant scarlet, clouded near the apex.

Expan. 63335 ¢ 333; in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

This very beautiful butterfly is nearly allied to Pandora Prola of Boisduval, which is figured in
the Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera at plate 43. The males differ most. The posterior wing of
P. Prola on the underside is of a spotless bright scarlet. The females are much more alike. The
female of P. Pandora has the central band above wider and more sinuated on its inner margin ; it has,
too, the macular band across the apex,'as in the male of P. Procilla. In Pandora the eye-like spots of
the posterior wing are entirely wanting, and are replaced by a band much more oblique than in
Procilla. On the underside of Pandora the posterior wing is darker; the lines which cross it are
further apart, and the eyes are replaced by small indistinct spots.

It is singular, that in these two species the male of one (Procilla) should resemble the female
of the other more than the male in many points; in having the white spots across the apex on the
upperside; the red spots across the cell, and the brighter colour of the posterior wing on the underside.

aa P

NYMPHALIDH—PANDORA AND PREPONA.

PREPONA PYLENE. 38, 5.

Uppersipe dark brown; both wings crossed in the middle by an irregular band
of brilliant blue, slightly tinted with green, commencing at the third branch of the
median nervure of the anterior wing, and ending a little below the middle of the
inner margin of the posterior wing. Posterior wing with two black eyes, with an
indistinct rufous iris, one near the apex, the other at a short distance from the
anal angle.

Unpersipz. Anterior wing with the base to the end of the cell (upon which
there are two black spots), and a spot on the middle of the costal margin white ;
the rest very light brown crossed beyond the cell by an irregular broad band of
darker brown bordered with black, followed first by a zigzag band of black, and
afterwards by a line of cordate spots, some of which are united with the line above
them. Posterior wing from the base to the middle white, the nervures upon it
and several curved lines black, followed by a broad band of red-brown beautifully
undulated with short lines of silvery white, and bordered on its outer margin with
black; the outer margin broadly light brown, the eyes blue-black, with ins yellow
and pupil white.

Expan. 453; in. Hab. Rio de Janeiro.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

On the upperside this species differs much from all the other blue or green-banded Preponas.
It is, too, without the blue spots near the costal margin. The blue band is nearer to the base, much
narrower, and of a very different colour. On the underside it is a good deal like P. Demodice of
Boisduval (Species Gen. Lep. Pl. 7).

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TURA PHAEACIA 5.6. APATURA LAURENTIA.
: IN II 7. 8.APATURA ZANOA

NY MP AE TD As:
APATURA.

APATURA PHAEACIA. 1, 2.

UprrrsipE. Female, rufous-brown. Anterior wing with more than the apical half
dark brown, crossed from margin to margin by a band of white divided by the
nervures, having at the middle of its outer border a small white spot: two subapical
white spots, and a submarginal band of brown. Posterior wing with a submarginal
band of brown, and above it a series of brown spots.

UnpersIDE pale, rufous, tinted with hlac. Both wings with a second sub-
marginal band of rufous-brown. Anterior wing with a black spot upon the white
band, and two spots of lilac-white between the band and the inner margin. Posterior
wing with a lilac-white band bordered above with rufous-brown, and followed below
by some spots of lilac-white, and a black ocellus bordered with pale yellow and brown,
the pupil blue.

Exp. 238 inch. Hab. Darjeeling.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
This species comes nearest to A. Idyja of Hubner. It is from the rich Collection of Mr. Roberts.

APATURA PAVONII. 3, 4.

I had forgotten, when this figure was drawn to show the female of A. Pavonii, that it had been
previously published by Dr. Herrich Schaffer.

APATURA LAURENTIA. 5,.6.

Uprrrsipr. Female, rufous-brown. Both wings crossed near the middle bya
common band of white which commences at the second median nervure of the anterior
wing and is continued to the anal angle of the posterior wing; both wings with two
submarginal bands of rufous-brown. Anterior wing with a large orange spot (part
of the transverse band), and touching it near the apex three small spots of yellow.

if xX

NYMPHALID®,.—APATURA.

Unpersips. Anterior wing rufous, with the band and spots as above, except that
the rufous submarginal bands are partly white: two black lines in the cell, three black
spots beyond and below the middle, and a spot of silvery lilac-white at the apex.
Posterior wing silvery lilac-white, the central band as above: the submarginal bands
represented by white spots, with a transverse series of minute white spots above them.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. Brazil.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

It is very interesting to observe here that although in some of the species of Apatura both of the
sexes have the orange colouring of Heterochroa, in this species the brilliant blue of the male, and the

orange colouring of the female, are brought together to form the same beautiful contrast and harmony so
remarkable in the sexes of Morpho Cypris.

APATURA ZANOA. 7, 8.

Upprrsipr. Male, dark brown, the fringe marked by lunules of white.
Anterior wing with a large space of brilliant blue on the inner margm marked by
four or five lilac spots, which are again marked with white: three small white spots
before the apex. Posterior wing with a tuft of white hair near the middle, a white
spot on the costal margin, an orange spot at the anal angle, and some very slight linear
white spots near the outer margin.

Unperrsipe white, tinted with lilac near the inner margin of the anterior wing :
both wings with the outer margin broadly rufous. Anterior wing with four small
black spots in the cell, two larger black spots below these between the median nervules,
three lunular spots of white, a spot of the same colour at the anal angle crossed,
together with one of the said lunular spots, by a linear black spot. Posterior wing
with a white spot at the anal angle, also marked by a line of black.

Exp. 24% inch. Hab. Darjeeling.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This is very probably only a remarkable variety of A. Namouna, such as they designate as ‘an
aberration ” on the Continent.

Nui MPH Auk, LD) As:

NYMPHALIS. Latreille.

NYMPHALIS NARCANUS. 1, 4.

UprrrsipE white, tinted with green on the anterior wing, with yellow on the
posterior. Anterior wing with the base clouded with hght brown. ‘The costal and
outer margins, and a transverse narrow band sinuate on its outer edge and parallel to
and at a short distance from the outer margin, brown; a black longitudinal band,
marking the course of the median nervure and its third nervule, joins the transverse
band with the clouded space at the base, and is itself jomed to the costal margin by a
black line across the end of the cell. Posterior wing with two tails; the base and the
upper side of the abdominal fold light brown; crossed beyond the middle to the anal
angle by a band of brown, nearly continuous with the band of the anterior wing; the
outer margin and a row of lunular spots near it brown; the anal angle marked by
two black spots, one oval with a crimson centre, the other round centred with white,
both margined above with light blue, below with orange.

UnpErsIDE as above, except that both wings are tinted with green, that the
margins and bands are bordered with silvery white, that the bases of the wings are
unclouded, that there is a rufous band on the posterior wing, which commences on the
costal margin near the base, and passing down the upper side of the abdominal fold
joms the transverse band at the anal angle, and that the lunular spots near the outer
margin and the two spots at the anal angle, described above, are here represented by
eight small round black spots.

Expan. 33/6 in. Hab. Chekiang, north of China.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

4-

NYMPHALIDZ—NYMPHALIS.

NYMPHALIS NEANTHES. 2, 3.

Uprrrsipg. Female, rufous-orange ; anterior wing, with the outer margin (which
is wide at the apex and encloses two or three white spots) ; some lunular spots near
the margin ; two small spots midway near the costal margm and a line at the end of
the cell red-brown. Posterior wing with two tails ; the outer margin rufous, enclosing
some light spots; a waved line of lunular brown spots across the wing near the outer
margin, and a small light blue spot at the anal angle.

Unpersipe lighter than above; both wings freckled throughout with small
rufous spots ; crossed before the middle by a narrow band of red-brown, commencing
on the costal margin of the anterior wing and ending near the anal angle of the
posterior wing. Anterior wing with a minute black spot near the base; two small
spots midway near the costal margin, and a row of similar spots parallel to the outer
margin. The outer margin of the anterior wing, and all the margins of the posterior
wing with a silvery gloss.

Maxx resembles the female, except that it has but one tail, that at the anal angle
and that the marks on the underside are much less distinct.

Expan. 23 in. Hab. Natal.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

NYMPHALIS NESIOPE. 5, 6.

Uprrrsipr blue-black. Anterior wing with six sub-marginal spots of blue,
the two nearest the apex minute. Posterior wing with two sub-marginal rows, each
of fine blue spots, united near the costal margin by one large blue spot.

Unpersipe varied with dark brown and grey. Anterior wing with some
clouded rufous spots near the outer margin. Posterior wing with a narrow rufous
band which, commencing at the apex, curves inwards and ends at the anal angle,
and a sub-marginal row of eight very minute white spots.

Expan. 2;4;im. Hab. Sierra Leone.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Printed by Hullmandel & Walton

NYMPHALIDE.

NYMPHALIS. IL.

NYMPHALIS NITEBIS. 7, 5.

2

Uprrrsipe. Male black. From the base to the middle of both wings yellow,
clouded with green. Anterior wing with seven yellow spots; two together near the
costal margin, and five in a curved band not far from the outer margim. Posterior
wing tailed, with a submarginal row of round black spots, each having for its base a
spot (a double triangle) of green, and at its apex a spot of white.

UnpersIDE rufous or greenish-grey. Both wings with a black line near the
base, both crossed transversely before the middle by a broken black line, followed on
the anterior wing by another line of black. Both wings crossed at the middle by a
band of white margined above with black. Anterior wing with a bifid spot of white
near the costal margin, margined above with black. Both wings crossed by a rufous
band, margined above with black, below with rufous spots. Posterior wing with a
submarginal row of triangular rufous spots, each with a central black spot, and
bordered above with white.

Expan. 23in. Hab. Celebes.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and Mr. Wallace.

NYMPHALIS NUMENES. 9, 10, 11.

Uprersipr. Male blue-black. Posterior wing dentated. Both wings crossed
transversely by two bands of light-blue spots, both with rufous spots on the outer
margin (in pairs on the posterior wing). ‘The first band of blue spots crosses the
middle of the anterior wing in a straight line; the second, which commences by two

ft
/

NYMPHALIDH—NYMPHALIS.

white spots, runs parallel to and not far from the outer margin (the spots minute).
The bands of spots on the posterior wing are beyond the middle, nearly parallel to
each other and the outer margin. Some of the spots nearest the margin almost
white.

Unpersipz variegated with green and brown. Anterior wing with the base
light green, marked with three black spots. Crossed before the middle by a broad
irregular band of brown-green, margined on both sides with spots of black, the said
spots themselves margined outside with white. A large triangular spot of brown-
green from the costal margin to the middle; two white spots touching it; two large
black spots near the anal angle. Posterior wing with a lunular spot and short band
of black and white near the base. Crossed obliquely before the middle by a broad
brown-green band, margined on both sides with black or white; followed by a curved
band of lunular white spots, by a similar band of brown spots, and again, near the
margin, by bands of spots of white, lilac, and black (touching each other), and on the
inargin by some indistinct bifid rufous spots.

Female. Anterior wing light brown from the base to the middle, where it is
crossed by a broad band of white; two white spots near the apex, followed by two
or. three others which are indistinct. Posterior wing light brown. The outer margin
broadly brown, with a submarginal row of round spots (half white, half hlac), and
some triangular rufous spots. Underside as in the male, except that the white central
band is repeated below.

Expan. 6 3,4 m., 2 3,4,in. Hab. Sierra Leone.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species is, in both sexes, exactly similar to N. Tiridates on the upper side; below it is
abundantly distinct.

NY MPH ALT Dz:

CHARAXES. III. (Nympnuatis ante.)

CHARAXES CACUTHIS. 12, 13.

Uprrrsipz. Male black, with several white spots, and a broad common band
of pale blue. Anterior wing with nine white spots, and a transverse band which
commences in a spot between the second and third median nervules and continues to
the anal angle of the posterior wing, marked on the posterior wing by two white
spots. Posterior wing with two tails; some white spots near the outer margin: a
submarginal band, rufous and obscurely marked between the apex and the first tail,
blue or green between the tail and the anal angle.

UnpErsIDE as in C. Etheta.

Female dark brown, with a common broad band of white. Anterior wing with
several rufous spots: two of these spots, between the median nervules, large; the
lowest spot forming part of the transverse band which ends at the middle of the
abdominal fold of the posterior wing; on the underside it does not differ from the
male.

Expan. 8 3in.; ¢ 33% in. Hab. Madagascar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Although very closely allied to C. Etheta, this butterfly has, I think, the characters of a distinct
species. The blue band on the posterior wing of C. Etheta is composed of well-defined spots, which
could scarcely be converted into the broad band of C. Cacuthis. The double band of white spots on
the anterior wing of C. Etheta are also much further apart than they are in C. Cacuthis ; these same
spots also differ in colour in the female. On the underside the two species scarcely differ, but this is
the case with other species of the genus Charaxes.

I find that I have been led into error in following what Mr. Westwood has done in “ Doubleday
and Hewitson’s Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” he having there adopted Nymphalis as the name of
this genus. Charaxes has the right of priority, and must therefore be used.

NYMPHALIDA—CHARAXES.

CHARAXES CAPHONTIS. 14, 15.

Uprrrsipr. Female dark brown with many spots of pale yellow. Anterior
wing crossed by two bands of pale-yellow spots; one band at the middle of six
spots (one minute); the second band towards the outer margin of seven spots.
Posterior wing with two caudate dentations: crossed before the middle by a short
band of white; crossed at the middle by a band of six brick-red spots (the middle
spot lmear), irrorated above (chiefly towards the anal angle) with white; crossed
near the margin by a band of eight pale-yellow spots, and by a submarginal band of
oblong rufous spots.

Unpersipr grey and green and rufous. Anterior wing with a spot of green-white
and a rufous spot (both margined with black) within the cell ; crossed at the middle and
towards the outer margin by bands of spots as above, but of different form and size:
clouded with dark brown between the bands and at the outer margin. Posterior wing
crossed before the middle by two linear bands of black, one near the base short,
bordered inwardly with white; the second oblique, longer, bordered outwardly with
white ; crossed at the middle by a band of six spots, the second and third spots
orange, bordered with white, the other four spots sanguineous, bordered above with
hlac-white, the white bordered again with black: a band of black spots near the
outer margin, bordered with lilac, and crowned above with white ; a submarginal
band of oblong orange spots, each with a narrow border of white; the outer margin
green-brown ; the fringe white.

Expan. 33% in. Hab. Port Denison, Australia.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This beautiful butterfly formed part of a very choice collection of insects made in Australia by
Mr. Dimel, and is the only one seen by him. It is not easy to compare it with any other species ; it
has a remote resemblance on the upperside to C. Fabius, and on the underside to C. Sempronius.

V.Hanhart

NYMPHALID &,

CHARAXES. IV.

CHARAXES CLITARCHUS. 16, 17.

Uprrrsipe. Male. Both wings from the base to the middle white tinted with
orange-yellow. Anterior wing with the base brown: the apical half black crossed
near the costal margin by a short quadripartite white band and near the outer margin
by a series of six spots of the same colour. Posterior wing with two tails: the base
broadly grey-green: the outer margin broad blue-black traversed by three parallel
bands of lunular pale blue spots: an eye-like spot at the anal angle bordered below
with rufous-orange.

Unpersipn. Anterior wing as above except that there is a black spot near the
base ; that the apical half is of a rich brick-red and that the submarginal spots are
bordered inwardly by a band of lilac-white. Posterior wing with the base brick-red
paler at the abdominal fold bordered with black and crossed longitudinally by three
bands of blue-black two of which on the fold are short and bordered on both sides
with white, the outer band longer and bordered on the inside only with white: the
outer margin broad brick-red followed by paler colour and traversed by two bands
of lunular pale blue spots and a submarginal series of large black oval spots bordered

above with white below with orange, the margin itself black.

Exp. 332 inch. Hab. New Caledonia.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Ihave adopted the practice here to which I have hitherto been opposed, but of which I now see
the advantage, of giving a name to a butterfly if a large species and conspicuously different from those
we know, although I may not believe it to be a distinct species. C. Clitarchus is thus distinguished from
Pyrrhus and its Australian variety Sempronius.

oO
Published January 1st, 1874.]

NYMPHALID®.—CHARAXES.

CHARAXES PITHODORIS. 18, 19.

Upprersipr. Male blue-black crossed by a broad, common pale blue band,
mereasing in breadth from the second branch of the median nervure of the anterior
wing to the imer margin of the posterior wing: preceded on the anterior wing by a
double series (and a single spot within the cell) of pale blue spots. Posterior wing
without tails: a submarginal series of minute pale blue spots two of which are
near together at the anal angle.

Unprrsipg rufous, pale. The basal half of both wings crossed between the
nervures by several dark blue lines bordered (some on both sides) with pale blue.
Both wings crossed a little below the middle by two very indistinct bands of pale
brown the outer band broken into spots. Anterior wing with a dark blue spot near
the imner margin before its middle and a bifid spot of the same colour near the

anal angle both bordered with pale blue. Posterior wing with a submarginal series

of pale blue spots.

Exp. 33 inch. Hab. Angola, Rogers.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

mItIitr 59D 92 C4 fT

Neve VE Pr Alb as.

CHARAXES. V.

CHARAXES AMELIA. ¢ 20, 21.

& Charaxes Amelia, Doumet, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1861. Plate V. fig. 1,
page \71.

UpprrsipE. Female rufous-brown, paler at the base of the anterior wing, tinted
with blue on the outer half of the posterior wing. Anterior wing with several white
spots. One at the end of the cell (outside), six (one of which near the inner margin
is large and square) forming a central band and seven forming a second transverse
band beyond the middle: a submarginal series of orange-white spots. Posterior wing
crossed before the middle by a broad band of white, outside of which near the costal
margin is an isolated white spot : a series of seven lilac spots near the outer margin
and a submarginal series of oblong orange-white spots.

Unpersibe green-brown with the spots and bands as above. Anterior wing with
four blue-black spots within the cell and two spots below these bordered (some on both
sides) with lilac-white : the spots of the central band bordered inwardly with black, the
two spots of the second band nearest the anal angle bordered above with black and
below with yellow and by two large blue-black spots bordered with lilac. Posterior
wing crossed near the base by a lilac-white band bordered on both sides with black :
the central band bordered inwardly with black : crossed beyond the middle by a series
of seven lunular lilac spots followed by the same number of black spots and a sub-
marginal series of white spots broadly bordered above by lilac.

Exp. 44 inch. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

I owe the great pleasure I derive from seeing this beautiful species, male and female, in my collec-
tion to my generous friend Mr. Chapman of Glasgow.
E E
Published April 1st, 1876. ]

NYMPHALIDA.—CHARAXES.

CHARAXES CEDREATIS. 22, 28, 24.

Uprrrsipr. Male ochreous-brown. Anterior wing crossed at the middle by an
irregular band of five white spots : the outer half black marked near the middle of the
costal margin by two pale blue spots and nearer the apex by two white spots and below
them and parallel to the outer margin by three spots of blue and two pale spots near
the anal angle. Posterior wing with two tails, the outer margin broadly black
traversed by a series of seven white spots and a submarginal rufous narrow band.

Unperstpr pale rufous-brown, the band and white spots as above, the blue
spots of the anterior wing replaced by spots of a pale brown. Anterior wing with
eight spots near the base, two near the middle of the costal margin, one near the apex
and two near the anal angle, all black. Posterior wing with a black linear spot in
the cell: crossed before the middle by two linear bands of black and below the
middle by two undulated bands of pale brown becoming black near the anal angle :
three black spots near the anal angle bordered above with blue.

Female like the male except that there are no blue spots on the anterior wing.

I have no certain evidence as to the butterfly which I have ventured to call the
male. It is too much broken to enable me to determine the sex.

Exp. $ 335 ¢ 333 inch. Hab. Angola and Fernando Po. (Rogers.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

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PAPHYA. IT.

PAPHIA TYRIANTHINA: 4.
Paphia Tyrianthina, Salvin and Godman. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868.

Uprersipr. Male, anterior wing crimson tinted with purple, crossed beyond
the middle by a band of spots of paler colour: three together near the apex divided
by the nervures, two, apart from the rest, each marked by a small transparent spot,
and two together near the anal angle: the nervures black. Posterior wing dark
brown paler near the costal margin.

Unpersipz, red-brown irrorated throughout with white and undulated and
clouded with brown. Both wings with some small pale submarginal spots. Anterior
wing crossed from the apex to the transparent spots by a line, between which and the
outer margin is a large space of darker colour. Posterior wing crossed beyond the
middle by two curved bands of the same colour.

Exp. 3385 inch. Hab. Bolivia (Apolobamba).

Tn the Collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godwin.

Near to N. Centaurus of Felder, but without the tail.

PAPHIA CYANEA. 5, 9.
Paphia Cyanea, Salvin and Godman. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868.

Upprrstpg. Male, ultramarine blue, with the margins dark brown. Both
wings crossed beyond the middle by a broad band of pale blue. Anterior wing with
a subapical spot and a subcostal spot of the same colour.

Unpersibz, white, clouded on the anterior wing: both wings undulated with
black, except at the outer margin of the posterior wing, where it is yellow-green,
marked with a series of black spots crowned with white.

Exp. 2485 inch. Hab. Ecuador (Canelos).

In the Collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman.

at for

NYMPHALIDA.—PAPHIA.

PAPHIA ARTACANA. 6, 7.

Uprrrsipr, male, green. Anterior wing with the apical half black, crossed
at the middle by a broad trifid band of white irrorated with pale green: a bifid
white spot at the middle of the costal margin. Posterior wing with some pale green
spots from the apex to near the tail, above which there is a small black spot crowned
with white.

Unpersipg, grey slightly undulated with black. Anterior wing crossed before
the middle by a broad band of dark brown; the white band of the upperside
coarsely undulated with black: two brown spots near the apex. Posterior wing
clouded with dark brown from the costal margin to the middle, thickly undulated
with brown towards the anal angle: the black and white spot, as on the upper-
side, above the tail.

Exp. 25% inch. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PAPHIA CLEOMESTRA. 8, 10.

Urrrrsipr. Female dark brown with the base of both wings dark green.
Both wings crossed at the middle by a broad band of pale blue. Anterior wing
with a subapical band of three spots of the same colour.

Unprrsipr, rufous, undulated on the anterior wing, chiefly near the costal
margin, with dark brown. Posterior wing white towards the outer margin ; crossed
by three rufous bands (two of which meet near the mner margin): a black spot
near the outer margin.

Exp. 2385 inch. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species would, I believe, if perfect, have a tail where the wing projects: the tails seem to
have been broken off alike on both sides.

NY ME EPA LL DA.
SIDERONE AND PAPHIA.

SIDERONE SYENE. 6.

Uprerstpr. Female rufous-orange, with crimson and brown towards the
outer margins. Anterior wing falcate, with two small transparent spots between the
median nervules and a row of lunular brown spots half way between them and the
outer margin. Posterior wing tailed, with a black line parallel to and at a short
distance from the margin. The outer margin and the tail ash-grey.

Uypersine red-brown, tailed, posterior wing crossed obliquely by a line of black
from the middle of the costal mar gin to the tail, jomed midway by a line of brown
commencing at the apex, and below it by two other similar parallel equidistant lines.

Expan. 334 in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PAPHIA ELECTRA. 1, 2.
P. Electra. Westw. and Hewits., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 319.

Urprrsipr. Male light rufous yellow, darker on the posterior wing, especially
towards the inner margin. Anterior wing falcate, the outer margin broadly bordered
with brown, the border deeply sinuated on its inner edge; costal margin crossed by
numerous minute black lmes. Posterior wing with two tails, the outer margin
brown, narrow between the tails.

Unpersipe of an indescribable metallic silvery brown, closely undulated
throughout. Anterior wing with two darker transverse bands before the middle.
Posterior wing crossed obliquely by a narrow band of brown and white (from the
middle of the costal margin to the tail at the anal angle) joined midway by a second
band of black which commences at the apex, and lower down by a third band, which
proceeds from the outer margin a little below the apex, and at the tail by a fourth
band of white, which runs parallel to the outer margin between the tails. Both
wings with some minute black and white spots near the outer margin.

Expan. 335 in. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Some examples which I have seen since the accompanying illustration was completed have the
tip of the anterior wing much more falcated. Mr. Westwood has aptly pointed out the near resem-
blance this species bears to Hypna Clytemnestra.

4 ar H

ud

NYMPHALIDH—PAPHIA.

PAPHIA PANARISTE. 3.

Uprersipe, richly glossed throughout with dark blue. Anterior wing falcate.
Posterior wing with two tails, and a large triangular space of orange-yellow joming
the costal margin from the base to nearly the outer margin.

Unpersi# light brown slightly glossed, clouded and undulated throughout,
especially on the costal margins. Anterior wing with two darker transverse bands
before the middle. Posterior wing yellow where yellow above; a spot of yellow half
surrounded with black near the costal margin. Crossed obliquely from the middle of
the costal margin to the tail at the anal angle by a narrow straight line of brown,
joined midway by a line of black which commences near the apex, and lower down
by a third line of brown which proceeds from the outer margin a little below the
apex, and at the tail by a band of brown which runs parallel to the outer margin
between the tails. Anterior wing with some small white spots near the apex.
Posterior wing with some black and white spots upon the band between the tails.

Expan. 34% in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
This and the last-described species scarcely differ on the underside, except in colour.

WC Hewsxtson. del. et Lith. 1860. Printed by Hulhmandel & Walton

1 2. SIDE RONE ARCHIDONA 5.4 SIDERONE MARS

NYMPHALIDS&.

SIDERONE.

SIDERONE ARCHIDONA. 1, 2.

Uprrrsipr. Male, rufous-orange, the outer margins black. Anterior wing
faleate ; the black of the outer margin widest in the middle, where it incloses three
rufous spots. Posterior wing with the outer margin traversed by a black line, and
intersected by indistinct rufous spots, its inner border undefined and undulated.

UNDERSIDE grey-brown, with several rufous patches, each divided by darker
colour into numerous minute spots. Both wings crossed by a narrow band of black
from the apex of the anterior wing to the middle of the abdominal fold of the
posterior wing. Each wing with a curved brown line near the outer margin ; each
marked by some irregular black spots. Anterior wing with two silver spots on the
rufous space near the base, and several similar spots nearly covering a triangular
rufous space near the middle of the costal margin.

Posterior wing with some silver spots just below the transverse band.

Expan. 4;°9 im. Hab. Archidona.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

NYMPHALID®

SIDERONE.

SIDERONE MARS. 3, 4.

Siderone Mars, Bates, Proc. Ent. Soc., April, 1860.

Uprrrsipe. Male black. Anterior wing crossed transversely by a broad band
of rich carmine, occupying the costal margin from its base to its middle. T'wo small
white spots near the apex. Posterior wing with a spot of carmine near the middle
of the costal margin. ‘The outer and inner margins light grey.

Unpersipe grey, undulated with brown. Anterior wing with a large spot of
crimson at the base and apex. The apex with several small spots of white. Posterior
wing with the base, and a large triangular space beyond the middle, crimson. The
inner border of the triangular space black, and within it and near to it a line of
lilac. The grey near the outer margin traversed by a band of lighter colour.

Expan. 2;49 in. Hab. Amazon.
In the collection of Mr. Bates.
If Mr. Bates had not already given a name to this butterfly, I should not have done so, but

would rather have been content to consider it a variety of S. Syntyche figured in Plate XLV. of the
first volume of this work, or rather that Syntyche is only a richly-coloured variety of this.

NY AER AL) Die
ZEUXIDIA.

ZEUXIDIA AURELIUS. 1, 2.
Papilio Aurelius. Cramer, Plate 168, A. B.

UprrrsipE. Male, with the anterior wing from the inner margin to beyond the
middle dark blue-brown: the outer half of the wing (except the apex, which is brown)
pale lilac-blue. Posterior wing with the base and inner margin to the middle dark
brown, followed to the anal angle by slate blue: the apical half pale brown: the anal
angle marked by two minute black spots bordered outwardly with white.

Unpersipg, grey, clouded with darker colours. Anterior wing crossed in and
outside the cell by four rufous bands, and beyond the middle by a broad band of
rufous-grey, marked near the apex by a white spot: a submarginal band of the same
colour: the inner margin broadly dark brown, with a polished surface where the wings
meet. Posterior wing crossed near the base (as on the upper wing) by four rufous
bands, the outer band extending to the anal angle: marked beyond the middle by
two eye-like spots of grey-green irrorated with brown, bordered first with paler colour
and outside of this with black: two submarginal rufous bands.

Exp. 433 inch. Hab. Borneo.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Cramer’s figure is, I believe (though a very bad one), intended for the female of this species.

S ae YR aD:

AEMONA. Hewitson.

Head small, eyes naked, palpi long, hairy on their mner border where they
encircle the eyes: antenne short, slightly thickened at the poimt: body small, short.
Anterior wing acutely pointed at the apex, the costal nervure very long and reaching
nearly to the apex of the wing: the sub-costal nervure with four branches, one before
the end of the cell and three near the apex : the cell short, closed, the first and second
discocellular nervures short, the third long, meeting the third branch of the median
nervure at a distance from its base. Posterior wing with the cell open.

AEMONA AMATHUSIA. © 3, 4.
Clerome Amathusia, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. 3rd Ser., p. 566.

Uprrrsipr. Female, rufous-brown, the bands of the underside seen through.
Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by a band of orange-yellow : the apex dark
brown. Posterior wing with some arcuate spots near the apex.

Unpersipg, rufous, tinted with darker colour. Both wings crossed at the
middle by a common rufous-brown band: both with a band of minute rufous ocelli,
some of which are pupilled with white: both with a submarginal rufous band.
Anterior wing with a pale rufous band near the base and a spot of the same colour at
the end of the cell. Posterior wing with a dark rufous band near the base.

Exp. 335 inch. Hab. Northern India.

In the Collections of Mr. Atkinson of Calcutta, and of Mr. George Semper of Altona.

I do not feel confident that I have done well in separating this species from the genus Clerome,
in which I first placed it. In the neuration they differ very little; Aemona is more slender in its
construction, has the head smaller and the antenne shorter. The costal and sub-costa] nervures are
so crowded and run together that it is not easy to make them out. Iam indebted to the kindness
of Mr. Semper for allowing me the use of this singular species to figure.

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Chapman, 1806-1878.
Illustrations of new
species of exotic butter-
flies: selected chiefly
from the collections of..

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