Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970 PORTER M. KIER and MARY HURD LAWSON •r SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY NUMBER 34 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of ‘‘diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER 3 4 Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970 Porter M. Kier and Mary Hurd Lawson SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1978 ABSTRACT Kier, Porter M., and Mary Hurd Lawson. Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924—1970. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology , number 34, 182 pages, 1978.—All new taxa of fossil and living echinoids described from 1924 to 1970 are listed with their age, geographic and stratigraphic occurrence, and biblio¬ graphic citation. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. Series cover design: The trilobite Phacops rana Green. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Kier, Porter M. Index of living and fossil echinoids 1924-1970. (Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology ; no. 34) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Sea-urchins. 2. Sea-urchins, Fossil. I. Lawson, Mary Hurd, joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology ; no. 34. [DNLM: 1. Sea urchins—Classification. 2. Paleontology. W1 SM454G no. 34 / QL382 K47i] QE701.S56 no. 34 [QL384.E2] 560’.8s [593'.95] 77-608074 Contents Page Introduction . 1 Class Echinoidea Leske . 1 Subclass Perischoechinoidea M’Coy. 1 Superorder Megalopodacea Durham . 1 Order Bothriocidaroida Zittel . 1 Family Bothriocidaridae Klem . 1 Order Echinocystitoida Jackson. 2 Family Echinocystitidae Gregory. 2 Family Lepidesthidae Jackson . 2 Family Lepidocentridae Loven . 3 Family Uncertain . 4 Order Palaechinoida Haeckel . 4 Family Palaechinidae M’Coy. 4 Family Cravenechinidae Hawkins . 5 Order Cidaroida Claus. 5 Family Archaeocidaridae M’Coy. 5 Family Miocidaridae Durham and Melville. 6 Family Cidaridae Gray . 7 Subfamily Histocidarinae Mortensen. 7 Subfamily Ctenocidarinae Mortensen . 7 Subfamily Goniocidarinae Mortensen . 8 Subfamily Stereocidarinae Lambert . 10 Subfamily Rhabdocidarinae Lambert. 11 Subfamily Cidarinae Gray. 14 Family Psychocidaridae Ikeda. 18 Family Diplocidaridae Gregory. 19 Order Uncertain . 19 Family Uncertain. 19 Subclass Euechinoidea Bronn . 19 Superorder Diadematacea Duncan . 19 Order Echinothurioida Claus . 19 Family Echinothuriidae Thomson . 19 Subfamily Echinothuriinae Thomson . 19 Subfamily Phormosomatinae Mortensen . 20 Order Diadematoida Duncan . 21 Family Diadematidae Gray. 21 Family Micropygidae Mortensen. 22 Family Aspidodiadematidae Duncan . 22 Family Uncertain . 22 Order Pedinoida Mortensen . 22 Family Pedinidae Pomel. 22 Family Uncertain. 23 in IV SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Order Pygasteroida Durham and Melville. Family Pygasteridae Lambert . Superorder Echinacea Claus. Order Salenioida Delage and Herouard. Family Acrosaleniidae Gregory. Family Saleniidae L. Agassiz . Subfamily Saleniinae L. Agassiz. Order Hemicidaroida Beurlen . Family Hemicidaridae Wright . Family Pseudodiadematidae Pomel . Order Phymosomatoida Mortensen. Family Phymosomatidae Pomel. Family Stomechinidae Pomel . Family Uncertain. Order Arbacioida Gregory. .... Family Arbaciidae Gray. Order Temnopleuroida Mortensen . Family Glyphocyphidae Duncan. Family Temnopleuridae A. Agassiz. Family Toxopneustioae Troschel . Family Uncertain. Order Echinoida Claus . Family Echinidae Gray. Family Echinometridae Gray. Family Strongylocentrotidae Gregory. Family Parasaleniidae Mortensen . Superorder Uncertain (Echinacea or Diadematacea) Order Orthopsida Mortensen . Family Orthopsidae Duncan. Doubtful Genera of Regular Echinoids . Superorder Gnathostomata Zittel . Order Holectypoida Duncan. Suborder Holectypina Duncan. Family Holectypidae Lambert. Family Anorthopygidae Wagner and Durham Family Discoididaf. Lambert. Suborder Echinoneina H. L. Clark. Family Echinoneidae Agassiz and Desor .... Family Conulidae Lambert . Family Galeritidae Gray . Family Uncertain . Suborder Conoclypina Haeckel. Family Conoclypidae Zittel . Family Oligopygidae Duncan . Suborder Uncertain. Family Uncertain . Order Clypeasteroida A. Agassiz . Suborder Clypeasterina A. Agassiz. Page 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 27 27 28 30 30 33 35 35 35 37 37 38 43 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 47 48 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 51 52 52 52 52 53 55 55 55 55 NUMBER 34 V Page Family Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz. ^5 Family Arachnoididae Duncan . DU fiO Subfamily Arachnoidinae Duncan. ou Subfamily Ammotrophinae Durham. ou Suborder Laganina Mortensen. fin Family Fibulariidae Gray . ' ’ Family Laganidae A. Agassiz . Family Neolaganidae Durham. Suborder Scutellina Haeckel. ‘ ’ fifi Family Scutellidae Gray . ! Family Protoscutellidae Durham . ^ fiO Family Eoscutellidae Durham . 1 68 Family Dendrasteridae Lambert. J /tq Family Echinarachniidae Lambert. ' Family Monophorasteridae Lahille . 71 Family Mellitidae Stefanini . ‘" 1 - 7S Family Astriclypeidae Stefanini . ; Family Abertellidae Durham . 74 Family Scutasteridae Durham . 74 Suborder Rotulina Durham . 74 74 Family Rotulidae Gray . Suborder Uncertain. 74 74 Family Uncertain. ' ' 74 Superorder Atelostomata Zittel . ' Order Cassiduloida Claus . 74 Order Galeropygoida Mintz . 74 Family Galeropygidae Lambert . 74 Family Clypeidae Lambert . 75 Family Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz and Desor . 76 Family Echinolampadidae Gray . 78 Family Faujasiidae Lambert . Family Archiaciidae Cotteau and Triger . 83 Family Cassidulidae L. Agassiz and Desor . 83 Family Clypeolampadidae Kier . 86 Family Pliolampadidae Kier . 87 • Q Q Family Apatopygidae Kier . 00 1 . QO Family Uncertain. Order Holasteroida Durham and Melville . 89 Family Collyritidae d’Orbigny . 89 Subfamily Collyritinae Beurlen. 89 Order Disasteroida Mintz . 89 Family Disasteridae A. Gras . 90 Family Acrolusiidae Mintz. 90 Family Tithoniidae Mintz . 90 Family Holasteridae Pictet . 90 Suborder Urechinina H. L. Clark. 94 Family Urechinidae Duncan. 94 Order Pourtalesioida Mintz . 94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Page Family Portalesiidae A. Agassiz . 94 Family Stenonasteridae Lambert . 94 Family Somaliasteridae Wagner and Durham. 94 Family Uncertain . 95 Order Spatangoida Claus. 95 Suborder Toxasterina A. G. Fischer . 95 Family Toxasteridae Lambert. 95 no Suborder Hemiasterina A. G. Fischer. Family Hemiasteridae Clark. 98 109 Family Palaeostomatidae Loven. 109 Family Pericosmidae Lambert . Family Schizasteridae Lambert . *93 Suborder Micrasterina A. G. Fischer. H9 Family Micrasteridae Lambert . H9 Family Brissidae Gray. 111 Family Unifasciidae Cooke . 120 Family Spatangidae Gray . 120 Family Loveniidae Lambert . 121 Suborder Asterostomatina A. G. Fischer. 122 Family Asterostomatidae Pictet . 122 Suborder Uncertain. 124 Family Uncertain. 124 Order Neolampadoida Philip. 125 Suborder Neolampadina Philip. 125 Family Neolampadidae Lambert. 125 Superclass Gnathostomata or Atelostomata . 125 Order Uncertain. 125 Doubtful Nominal Genera of Echinoids. 125 Literature Cited . 126 Index . 148 Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970 Porter M. Kier and Mary Hurd Lawson Introduction Fifty years have passed since Lambert and Thiery compiled their list of living and fossil echinoids. Since that time many new species and genera have been described. The result has been an increasing need for an update to this compilation. To satisfy this need we have prepared this supplement to Lambert and Thiery’s work. The list was prepared from the citations in the Zoological Record from 1924 to 1970. Citations be¬ fore 1924 are included if they were absent in Lam¬ bert and Thiery. In every case we saw the original reference and checked for species that might have been missed. Where possible we have brought up to date the stratigraphic information; in particular we have tried to find the latest age determinations for the stratigraphic occurrences of the fossil species. No attempt has been made to revise the taxonomic assignment of the species because we felt it would have been necessary to see the type specimens. Time did not permit this. Our index has strictly followed the classification of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology even where we disagree with it. Within five years we intend to publish a supple¬ mentary revision that will include all the new taxa for the years 1971-1975. For this reason we ask all users of this work to inform us of any errors, dele¬ tions, or additions. The present list is arranged by taxonomic hier¬ archy with the geological time sequence indicated by headings at the generic and specific levels. Within a generic or specific entry, brackets enclose locality information and parentheses enclose fur¬ ther levels of geological time or stratigraphic infor¬ mation. Acknowledgments. —We wish to thank the staffs of the Smithsonian Institution and the United States Geological Survey libraries—in particular, Mrs. Carolyn Hahn and Mr. Jack Marquardt for their invaluable assistance in locating many hard- to-obtain books. We also thank Ms. Donna Cope¬ land for typing this paper. Class ECHINOIDEA Leske Subclass PERISCHOECHINOIDEA M’Coy Superorder MEGALOPODACEA Durham Order BOTHRIOCIDAROIDA Zittel Family BOTHRIOCIDARIDAE Klem Genus Bothriocidaris Eichwald Upper Ordovician B. eichwaldi Mannil, 1962:152-156, 187-189, figs. 3b, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14-17, pi. 1: figs. 6-9, pi. 3: figs. 1-4, pis. 4, 5. [Baltic States, U.S.S.R.] (Pirgu Stage.) Porter M. Kier and Mary Hurd Lawson, Department of Pa¬ leobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560. 1 2 B. parvus Mannil, 1962:156-160, 187, 189, figs. 3v, 8, 9, pi. 2: figs. 3-4, pi. 3: fig. 5. [Baltic States, U.S.S.R.] (Vormsi Stage.) Genus Neobothriocidaris Paul Ordovician Neobothriocidaris Paul, 1967:535. Type-species: N. peculiaris Paul, 1967:528-531, 535, fig. 3, pi. 84: figs. 1-4, pi. 85: figs. 9-11. [Ayrshire, Scotland.] (Middle and upper Ashgill.) N. minor Paul, 1967:531-533, 535, figs. 2, 4, pi. 85: figs. 5-8. [Ayrshire, Scotland.] Order ECHINOCYSTITOIDA Jackson Family ECHINOCYSTITIDAE Gregory Genus Pronechinus Kier Upper Permian Pronechinus Kier, 1965:461-462. Type-species: P. anatoliensis Kier, 1965:462-463, figs. 23-24, pi. 58: fig. 4, pi. 59: fig. 3. [Turkey.] Genus Eupholidocidaris Kier In the Treatise , Kier (Durham et ah, 1966:U302) considers Eupholidocidaris Kier a subjective syno¬ nym of Proterocidaris de Koninck. Mississippian Eupholidocidaris Kier, 1956:15. Type-species: E. brightoni Kier, 1956:16-17, figs. 1-2, pi. 1. [Ire¬ land.] Pennsylvanian E. belli Kier, 1957a:326-328, fig. 1. [Texas, U.S.A.] Genus Fournierechinus Jackson Mississippian Fournierechinus Jackson, 1929:67. Type-species: F. deneensis Jackson, 1929:67-72, pi. 9, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Belgium.] (Lower Vis^an.) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Jacksonechinus Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1955: U302) provisionally considers this genus a subjective synonym of Proterocidaris de Koninck. Pennsylvanian J acksonechinus Lambert, 1935e:39-40. Type-species: /. andrewi Lambert, 1935e:40, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Egypt-] Genus Pholidocidaris Meek and Worthen Mississippian P. tornacensis Jackson, 1929:64-66, pi. 5: fig. 7, pi. 10: figs. 3-6. [Belgium.] (Tournaisian.) Genus Rhenechinus Dehm Lower Devonian Rhenechinus Dehm, 1953:88-93. Type-species: R. hopstatteri Dehm, 1953:88-94, figs. 1-2, pi. 5. [Germany.] Family LEPIDESTHIDAE Jackson Genus Lepidesthes Meek and Worthen Pennsylvanian L. grandis Kier, 1958a:20-23, figs. 21-22, pi. 8A. [Texas, U.S.A.] L. alia Kier, 1958a: 17-20, figs. 15-20, pi. 7. [Ten¬ nessee, U.S.A.] (Meramecian.) L. formosa Termier and Termier, 1950:99, 102, pi. 231: fig. 21. [Morocco, North Africa.] (Upper Vis^an.) L. howsei Jackson, 1926:529, pi. 30. [England.] L.? martini Spreng and Howe, 1963:937-938, figs. 6E-I. [Missouri, U.S.A.] Mississippian to Upper Devonian L. warrenensis Cooper, 1931b:532—538, figs. 1-2. [U.S.A.] NUMBER 34 3 Genus Meekechinus Jackson Mississippian M.? herbornensis Bindemann, 1938: 203-220, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 1-12, pi. 2: figs. 1-5, pi. 3: figs. 1-4, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Germany.] Family LEPIDOCENTRIDAE Loven Genus Lepidocentrus Muller Mississippian L. mammillatus Jackson, 1929:21-22, pi. 1: figs. 12a-d. [Belgium.] (Vis£an.) Upper Devonian L.? thomasi Belanski, 1928:181-183, pi. 13: figs. 1-16. [Iowa, U.S.A.] Lower Devonian L. lenneanus Wolburg, 1933:47-49, fig. 3, pi. 3. [Germany.] Genus Albertechinus Stearn Upper Devonian Albertechinus Stearn, 1956:741-744. Type-species: A. montanus Stearn, 1956:744-746, fig. 1, pi. 81: figs. 1-3. [Alberta, Canada.] (Fairholme Fm.) Genus Aulechinus Bather and Spencer Upper Ordovician Aulechinus Bather and Spencer, 1934:558. Type- species: A. grayae Bather and Spencer, 1934:558. [Scotland.] Genus Cavanechinus Brown Middle Devonian Cavanechinus Brown, 1967:158-159. Type-species: C. warreni Brown, 1967: 160, fig. 1, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [South of Yass, New South Wales, Australia.] Genus Dene echinus Jackson Mississippian Deneechinus Jackson, 1929:22. Type-species: D. tenuispinus Jackson, 1929:22-24, pi. 1: fig. 1L [Belgium.] (Lower Vis£an.) Genus Ectinechinus MacBride and Spencer Upper Ordovician Ectinechinus MacBride and Spencer, 1938:95. Type- species: E. lamonti MacBride and Spencer, 1938: 95, figs. 2a-b, 5e, 7d, 10b, lib, pi. 12: figs. 4-6, pi. 13: figs. 3-4, pi. 14: figs. 4-5, pi. 15: fig. 5. [Scotland.] (Ashgillian.) Genus Eothuria MacBride and Spencer Upper Ordovician Eothuria MacBride and Spencer, 1938:95. Type- species: E. beggi MacBride and Spencer, 1938:95, figs. 5f, 7e, 8c, 13-15, pi. 15: figs. 6-9, pi. 16: figs. 1- 5, pi. 17: figs. 1-5. [Scotland.] (Ashgillian.) MacBride and Spencer (1938:95) created a new order Megalopoda and family Eothuriidae for Eothuria. Durham (1966:377) erected a superorder Megalopodacea. Genus Hyattechinus Jackson Mississippian H. dixoni Hawkins, 1935b:243-246, fig. 2, pi. 15: figs. 1-3. [Wales, Great Britain.] H. elegans Jackson, 1929:24-30, fig. 5, pi. 4: figs. 2- 3, 4a-g, pi. 5: figs. 5a-r. [Belgium.] (Tournai- sian.) H. laudoni Kier, 1965:463, 464, figs. 3F, 25, pi. 58: fig. 1, pi. 59: figs. 1-2. [Montana, U.S.A.] H. toreumaticus Hawkins, 1935b:246-248, fig. 3, pi. 14: fig. 2. [Wales, Great Britain.] Genus Lepidechinoides Olsson Devonian L. hunti Cooper, 1931a: 132-137, figs. IB, 1C, IF, 2A, pi. 18: figs. 1-7. [U.S.A.] (Skaneateles Fm.) L. whitnalli Cooper, 1931a: 137-139, figs. ID—E, pi. 19: figs. 4-8. [U.S.A.] Genus Lepidechinus Hall Mississippian L. belgicus Jackson, 1929:46-47, pi. 5: figs. 1-2. [Belgium.] (Lower Vis^an.) L. cooperi Kier, 1958a: 15-17, figs. 11-12, pi. 6. [Iowa, U.S.A.] (Kinderhookian.) Genus Perischodomus M’Coy Mississippian P. fraiponti Jackson, 1929:48—50, pi. 5: figs. 3-4. [Belgium.] (Lower Vis£an.) Genus For echinus Dehm Lower Devonian P or echinus Dehm, 1961:4-5. Type-species: P. poro- sus Dehm, 1961:4-5, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [West Germany.] Family Uncertain Genus Devonocidaris Thomas Upper Devonian D. dumoni Maillieux, 1935:11-14, pi. 2: figs. 2-6. [Belgium.] (Frasnian.) D. hacquaerti Maillieux, 1935:9-11, pi. 2: figs. 1-ld. [Belgium.] (Frasnian.) D. jacksoni Thomas, 1924:500-505, pi. 50: fig. 36, pi. 51: figs. 1-26, pi. 52: figs. 1-4, pi. 53: figs. 1-7, pi. 54: figs. 1-6. [Iowa, U.S.A.] D. primaevus Belanski, 1928:184-186, pi. 13: figs. 29-34. [Iowa, U.S.A.] D. thomasi Stainbrook, 1937: 899-901, pi. 1: figs. 5-7, 9. [U.S.A.] Order PALAECHINOIDA Haeckel Family PALAECHINIDAE M’Coy SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Palaechimis M’Coy Mississippian P. canadensis Kier, 1953:65-69, figs. 1-4. [Canada. Kier referred to genus as Palaeechinus Lov&i (nom. van.).] (Upper Kinderhookian or lower Osagean.) P. globulus Jackson, 1929:30-33, pi. 2: figs. 10-14. [Belgium. Jackson referred to genus as Palaeechi¬ nus LoWn (nom. van.)] (Tournaisian.) P. merriami Kier, 1965:458—459, fig. 17, pi. 57: fig- 2. [Nevada, U.S.A.] P. sprengi Kier, 1954:252-254, figs. 1-2. [Canada. Kier referred to genus as Palaeechinus LoWn (nom. van.).} P. tetrastichus Kier, 1958a: 12-14, figs. 6—10, pi. 5B. [U.S.A.] P. visetensis Jackson, 1929:33-36, fig. 7, pi. 2: figs. 1-9. [Belgium. Jackson referred to genus as Pa¬ laeechinus LoWn (nom. van.).] (Vis£an.) Genus Lovenechinus Jackson Mississippian L. gordoni Kier, 1965:459-460, figs. 18-20, pi. 58: fig. 2. [Nevada, U.S.A.] (Lower Mississippian.) L. hunanensis Ozaki, 1939:565-567, pi. 30: figs. 1-7. [Central China.] (Shihtengtse Ls.) L. jacksoni Demanet, 1931:1-9, figs. 1-7. [Belgium.] (Lower Dinantian.) Genus Melonechinus Meek and Worthen Mississippian M. chuseni Chao, 1942:202-204, fig. 1. [China.] (Upper part of Yentse Series.) M.? heckeri Faas, 1941:74—75, fig. 9, pi. 10: fig. 9. [Leningrad Province, U.S.S.R.] Genus Donbassechinus Faas In the Treatise Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U309) provisionally considers this genus a subjective synonym of Melonechinus Meek and Worthen. NUMBER 34 5 Mississippian Donbassechinus Faas, 1941:73. Type-species: D. kumpani Faas, 1941:73-74, figs. 6-8, pi. 10: figs. 6-8. [Don Basin, U.S.S.R.] Family CRAVENECHINIDAE Hawkins Genus Cravenechinus Hawkins Mississippian Cravenechinus Hawkins, 1946:195. Type-species: C. uniserialis Hawkins, 1946:195-197, fig. 1. pi. 13. [England.] (Vis£an.) Genus Gotlandechinus Regnell Upper Silurian Gotlandechinus Regnell, 1956:158-160. Type-spe¬ cies: G. balticus Regnell, 1956:160-163, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: fig. 4. [Sweden.] (Lower Ludlow.) Genus Xenechinus Kier Lower Permian Xenechinus Kier, 1958b: 889-890. Type-species: X. parvus Kier, 1958b:890-892, figs. 1-3, pi. 114: figs. 8-12. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Wolfcampanian.) Order CIDAROIDA Claus Family ARCHAEOCIDARIDAE M’Coy Genus Archaeocidaris M’Coy Permian A. barroisi Mathieu, 1949:39-42, pi. 1: figs. 2-12, 15. [Tunis, North Africa.] A. cowleyi Boos, 1929:249-250, pi. 27: figs. 3-3c. [Oklahoma-Kansas, U.S.A.] (Lower Permian.) A. manhattanensis Mathieu, 1949:41, pi. 1: fig. 1. [Texas, U.S.A.] Pennsylvanian A. immanis Kier, 1958a:3-7, figs. 1-2, pi. 1, pi. 2, pi. 3A. [Oklahoma, U.S.A.] A. meurevillensis Deh^e, 1927:290-293, pi. 7. [France.] (Westphalian.) A. mosquensis A. Ivanov (in litt.), Yakovlev, 1939: 70, pi. 13: figs. 23-26. [U.S.S.R.] A. subwortheni Faas (in litt.), Yakovlev, 1939:69- 70, pi. 13: figs. 10-12. [U.S.S.R.] Mississippian A. aliquantula Kier, 1958a:7-8, pi. 3C. [Iowa, U.S.A.] (Kinderhookian.) A. propinqua Jackson, 1929:17-18, fig. 3, pi. 1: figs 5a-b. [Belgium.] (Tournaisian.) A. setosa Jackson, 1929:11-12, pi. 1: 11-12, pi. 1: figs. 6a-b. [Belgium.] Upper Devonian A. fraxinensis Maillieux, 1940:28-30, pi. 2: figs. 18-2la. [Belgium.] (Frasnian.) Genus Echinocrinus L. Agassiz According to Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U317) in the Treatise, this genus is considered an objective synonym of Archaeocidaris (suppressed 1CZN Op. 370, 1955). Pennsylvanian £.? jacksoni Spreng and Howe, 1963:936-937, figs. 6C-D. [Missouri, U.S.A.] (Missourian.) £.? remotus Spreng and Howe, 1963:936, figs. 6A-B. [Missouri, U.S.A.] (Virgilian.) Genus Permocidaris Lambert In the Treatise Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U317) provisionally considers Permocidaris a subjective synonym of Archaeocidaris. Permian P.? timorensis Wanner, 1941:298-302, fig. 1, pi. 25: figs. 11-19. [Timor (Island), South Malay Archi¬ pelago.] 6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Lepidocidaris Meek and Worthen Mississippi an L. squamosa (Meek and Worthen) var. anglica Hawkins, 1935b:240-242, fig. 1, pi. 14: fig. 1. [England.] (Tournaisian.) Genus Polytaxicidaris Kier Mississippian Polytaxicidaris Kier, 1958a: 10-11. Type-species: P. dyeri Kier, 1958a: 11-12, fig. 5, pi. 4B, pi. 5A. [Indiana, U.S.A.] (Osagean.) P. lirata Kier, 1965:456-457, fig. 13, pi. 56, pi. 57: fig. 1, pi. 58: fig. 3. [Oklahoma, U.S.A.] Genus Silurocidaris Regnell Upper Silurian Silurocidaris Regnell, 1956:165-166. Type-species: S. clavata Regnell, 1956:166-167, pi. 1: figs. 1-3, pi. 2: figs. 1-2, pi. 4: figs. 3-5. [Sweden.] (Lower Ludlow.) Genus Xenocidaris Schultze Upper Devonian X. caheni Maillieux, 1935:6-8, pi. 1: fig. 1—Id. [Belgium.] (Frasnian.) X. mariaeburgensis Maillieux, 1940:33-36, pi. 2: figs. 2-17. [Belgium.] (Frasnian.) X. mariaeburgensis Maillieux praemut. major Mail¬ lieux, 1940:37-38, pi. 2: figs. 22-22b, pi. 3: figs. 1-21. [Belgium.] (Frasnian.) Family MIOCIDARIDAE Durham and Melville Miocidaridae Durham and Melville, 1957:252. Genus Miocidaris Doderlein Lower Jurassic M. dubari Lambert, 1931b: 11-13, pi. 1: figs. 1-6. [North Africa.) (Lower Domerian.) M. tenuispina Mortensen, 1934a: 394—398, figs. 1-3, pi. 21: fig. 2. [England.] (Liassic.) M. turneri Lorcher, 1930:261-262, pi. 19: fig s - 4a-c. [Germany.] Triassic M. barzaviae Jekelius, 1932:43-44, pi. 2: figs. 24—26. [Rumania.] M. curmaturi Jekelius, 1932:43, pi. 2: figs. 21-22. [Rumania.] M. timorensis Bather, 1929:227-232, pi. 257: figs. 18-20. [Timor (Island), Indonesia.] Lower Triassic M. pakistanensis Linck, 1955:490-493, figs. 1-4. [Pakistan.] Permian M. connorsi Kier, 1965:453-456, pi. 55: figs. 1-3. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Bell Canyon Fm., Upper Per¬ mian.) M. permica. Wanner, 1941:302-310, figs. 2-3, pi. 25: figs. 1-10, 20-27, pi. 26: figs. 1-6, 23. [Timor (Island), South Malay Archipelago.] M. platyacantha Nisiyama, 1966:155-156, pi. 1: fig. 3. [Japan.] (Basleonian.) M. spinulifera Nisiyama, 1966:155, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Japan.] (Basleonian.) Genus Anaulocidaris Zittel Upper Jurassic A. tuberculata Mortensen, 1937:18-19, pi. 2: figs. 11-16. [Germany.] Triassic A. vinassai Boni, 1939:328-332, pi. 17: figs. 6-10, 17. [Italy.] Genus Dicyclocidaris Fell Upper Triassic Dicyclocidaris Fell, 1950:83. Type-species: D. den- NUMBER 34 7 ticulata Fell, 1950:83-85, figs. 1-3. [New Zea¬ land.] (Karnian.) Genus Lenticidaris Kier Lower Triassic Lenticidaris Kier, 1968a: 1000-1001. Type-species: L. utahensis Kier, 1968a: 1001-1004, fig. 1, pi. 121: figs. 1-2, pi. 122: figs. 1-3, pi. 123: figs. 3-9. [Utah, U.S.A.] Genus Pachycidaris Thiery Jurassic Pachycidaris Thiery, 1928:180. Type-species: P. thieryi Collignon and Lambert. [Europe.] (Oxfordian.) Lower Jurassic P. bergouniouxi Merrier, 1937c: 18, pi. 1: figs. 5-7. [France.] (Domerian.) P. jeanneti Merrier, 1937c: 17, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [France.] (Toarcian.) P. piveteaui Merrier, 1937c: 18-19, pi. 1: fig. 8. [France.] (Toarcian.) Genus Triadocidaris Doderlein Triassic T. coronensis Jekelius, 1932:44, pi. 2: figs. 20a-c. [Rumania.] Upper Triassic T. lungauensis Tollmann in Kristan-Tollmann, Tollmann and Geyssant, 1969:21-23, pi. 3: figs. 3-6, pi. 6: figs. 5-8. [Tarntal Mountains, Austria.] (Rhaetic.) Family CIDARIDAE Gray Genus Minicidaris Deraniyagala Miocene Minicidaris Deraniyagala, 1961:153. Type-species: M. minihagali Deraniyagala, 1961:154, pi. 5: figs. 3-4. [Ceylon.] Subfamily HISTOCIDARINAE Mortensen Genus Histocidaris Mortensen Recent H. acutispina Mortensen, 1927b:248-250, figs. 4-5, pi. 50: figs. 1-2, pi. 52: fig. 2, pi. 77: fig. 4. [Malaysia.] H. australiae Mortensen, 1928:66. [Off coast of New South Wales, Australia.] H. carinata Mortensen, 1928:66. [Off Kyushu Island, South Japan.] H. crassispina Mortensen, 1928:66. [Off New South Wales, Australia.] H. denticulata Koehler, 1927:10-14, pi. 1: figs. 1-3, 6, 7, pi. 2: fig. 1, pi. 23: fig. 1. [Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean.] H. formosa Mortensen, 1928:65-66. [Kei Islands, Indonesia Malay Archipelago.] H. magnifica Mortensen, 1927b:245-248, figs. 1-3, pis. 48-M9, pi. 76. [Malaysia.] H. nuttingi Mortensen, 1926:6-7, pi. 1: figs. 1-2, 4, pi. 2: fig. 6, pi. 3: fig. 9, pi. 4: figs. 11-12. [Off Havana, Cuba.] H. recurvata Mortensen, 1928:66. [Kei Islands, Indonesia Malay Archipelago.] Middle Miocene H. geneffensis Lambert, 1931d:204, pi. 5: fig. 50. [Egypt.] (Helvetian.) H. oranensis Lambert, 1931c:83-84, pi. 3: figs. 24-25. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Upper Sahe¬ lian = Upper Tortonian.) Oligocene PI. mckayi Fell, 1954:30-32, fig. 15, pis. 7A-J, pi. 9D, pi. 12G, pi. 13C, pi. 14E. [New Zealand.] (Duntroonian to Waitakian.) Subfamily CTENOCIDARINAE Mortensen Genus Ctenocidaris Mortensen Recent C. polyplax Mortensen, 1950a:296-297, pi. 8: figs. 1, 2, 8, pi. 9: fig. 4. [Antarctic Ocean.] 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Austrocidaris H. L. Clark Recent A. gigantea H. L. Clark, 1925a:28, pi. 3: figs. 1-2. [Antarctic, South Victoria Land, off Coulman Island.] A. platyacantha H. L. Clark, 1925a:29-30, pi. 2: fig. 1. [Antarctic seas (south of Coulman and Balleny Islands).] Miocene A. operta Philip, 1964:463-464, figs. 5d-e, pi. 61: figs. 5-6, pi. 64: figs. 1-4, 8. [Southeastern Australia.] Genus Eurocidaris Mortensen Recent E. nutrix Thomson var. longispina Mortensen, 1928:67. [Heard Island, Southern Ocean.] E. rugosa Koehler, 1926:17-23, pi. 99: figs. 4-9, pi. 100: figs. 1-6, pi. 101: figs. 1-7, pi. 102: figs. 1-7, pi. 119: fig. 2. [Antarctic.] Genus Homalocidaris Mortensen Recent Homalocidaris Mortensen, 1928:67. Type-species: Austrocidaris gigantea H. L. Clark. [Antarctic.] Genus Notocidaris Mortensen Recent N. platyacantha H. L. Clark var. contracta Koehler, 1926:13-14, pi. 94: fig. 5, pi. 96: figs. 1-6, pi. 99: fig. 5. [Antarctic.] N. remigera Mortensen, 1950a:298-299, pi. 5: figs. 1-2, pi. 8, figs. 3^4. [Antarctic Ocean.] N. spinosa Koehler, 1926:14-17, pi. 97: figs. 1-6, pi. 98: figs. 1-7, pi. 99: figs. 1-3, pi. 112: fig. 7, pi. 114: fig. 7, pi. 119: fig. 6. [Antarctic.] Middle Pliocene N. vellai Fell, 1954:43-45, pi. 15A-M. [New Zea¬ land.] (Lower-upper Nukumaruan.) Subfamily GONIOCIDARINAE Mortensen Genus Goniocidaris Desor in Agassiz and Desor Recent G. alba Mortensen, 1928:67. [Off Kyushu Island, South Japan.] G. australiae Mortensen, 1928:68. [Off the coast of New South Wales, Australia.] G. balinensis Mortensen, 1932b: 148-151, figs. 1^4, pi. 1: figs. 1-5, pi. 11: fig. 7, pi. 13: figs. 11-14. [Bali Sea, East Indies.] G. corona Baker, 1968:200—203, fig. 1, pi. L [North¬ eastern New Zealand.] G. crassa Mortensen, 1928:68. [Mindanao Island, south of Philippine Islands.] G. impressa Koehler, 1926:24—28, pi. 91: figs. 1-8, pi. 92: figs. 1-5, 8-14, pi. 119: fig. 1. [Antarctic.] G. indica Mortensen, 1939b:3-6, figs. 1—2, pi. 1: figs. 1-4, pi. 5: figs. 4, 7, pi. 6: figs. 17-18, [In Indian Ocean between Pemba Island and East Africa.] G. magi Pawson, 1964:67-70, figs. 1-4, pi. 1. [New Zealand.] G. sibogae Mortensen, 1928:68. [Molucca Sea, Malay Archipelago.] G. spinosa Mortensen, 1928:67. [Amboina, Indo¬ nesia.] Pliocene G. mortenseni Chapman and Cudmore, 1934:139- 140, pi. 14: figs. 23, 27. [South Australia.] G. tubaria (Lamarck) hallettensis Philip, 1964:458- 460, figs. 4g, 4j, 41, pi. 66: figs. 1, 2, 12, pi. 67: figs. 4-6. [Southeastern Australia.] Miocene G. praecipua Philip, 1964:455-456, figs. 4i, 4k, 4m, pi. 61: figs. 10-12. [Southeastern Australia.] Oligocene G. hebe Fell, 1954:37-39, pis. 4A-J, 7D, 8D. [New Zealand.] (Duntroonian to Hutchinsonian.) G. holguinensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:31. [Cuba.] G. murrayensis Chapman and Cudmore, 1934:138- 139, pi. 14: figs. 20-22. [South Australia.] NUMBER 34 9 G. pusilla Fell, 1954:39-40, pis. 5H, 13D, 14C. [New Zealand.] (Otaian.) Eocene G. habanensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:30-31, pi. 1: fig. 5. [Cuba.] Genus Adelcidaris Cotton and Godfrey In the Treatise Fell (Durham et al., 1966:11325) states that Adelcidaris is a nomen vanum for Goniocidaris. Recent Adelcidaris Cotton and Godfrey, 1942:217. Type- species: Goniocidaris tubaria (Lamarck.) Subgenus Goniocidaris ( Aspidocidaris) Mortensen Recent Goniocidaris (Aspidocidaris ) Mortensen, 1928:67. Type-species: cited as Goniocidaris clypeata Doderlein. According to Fell (Durham et al., 1966:11325) the type is Goniocidaris alba Morten¬ sen. [Japan, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand.] Subgenus Goniocidaris ( Cyrtocidaris) Mortensen Recent Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris ) Mortensen, 1927b:264. Type-species: G. tenuispina Mortensen, 1927b: 264-269, figs. 10-11, pi. 57: figs. 1-2, pi. 58: fig. 1, pi. 59: fig. 2, pi. 61: figs. 6-8, pi. 63: fig. 5, pi. 73: figs. 5-6, pi. 79: figs. 1-3. [Philippines.] G. (C.) tenuispina Mortensen var. major Morten¬ sen, 1927b:270-272, fig. 13, pi. 58: fig. 2, pi. 79: fig. 9. [Philippines.] G. ( C.) tenuispina Mortensen var. tuberculata Mortensen, 1927b:269-270, fig. 12, pi. 57: fig. 3, pi. 59: fig. 1, pi. 61: figs. 9-11, pi. 73: figs. 7-8, pi. 79: figs. 4—8. [Philippines.] Subgenus Goniocidaris ( Discocidaris ) Mortensen Recent Goniocidaris ( Discocidaris ) peltata Mortensen, 1927b:261-264, fig. 9, pis. 55-56, pi. 74: figs. 4-5, pi. 78: figs. 9-12. [Malaysia.] Genus Delocidaris Philip Miocene Delocidaris Philip, 1964:464-466. Type-species: Goniocidaris prunispinosa Chapman and Cud- more. Genus Psilocidaris Mortensen Recent Psilocidaris Mortensen, 1927b: 282-283. Type- species: P. echinulata Mortensen, 1927b:283-285, fig. 18, pi. 60: figs. 1-2, pi. 61: figs. 4—5, pi. 63: fig. 4, pi. 73: figs. 3-4, pi. 78: figs. 3-5. [Malaysia.] Genus Rhopalocidaris Mortensen Recent Rhopalocidaris Mortensen, 1927b:272-273. [Philip¬ pines.] Type-species: Cidaris ( Discocidaris) hir- sutispinus de Meijere. [Malay Archipelago.] R. hirsutispinus (de Meijere) var. viridis Morten¬ sen, 1927b:273-275, fig. 14, pi. 61: fig. 2, pi. 73: figs. 1-2, pi. 78: figs. 6-8. [Philippines.] R. rosea Mortensen, 1928:68. [Japanese seas (Sagami Sea; off Goto Island).] R. rosea Mortensen tenuis Mortensen, 1928:68-69. [Off Kei Islands, Indonesia.] Genus Schizocidaris Mortensen Recent S. fasciata Mortensen, 1927b:280-282, fig. 17, pi. 61: fig. 3, pi. 74: fig. 3, pi. 78: fig. 2. [Philippines.] 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Subfamily STEREOCIDARINAE Lambert Genus Stereocidaris Pomel Recent S. excavata Mortensen, 1932b: 151-154, fig. 5, pi. 2: figs. 1-2, pi. 3: figs. 1-5, pi. 4: fig. 2, pi. 11: figs. 1-2. [South Africa.] S. gratidis (Doderlein) var. hyatorina Mortensen, 1928:69. [Off Kyushu, South Japan.] S. grandis (Doderlein) var. rubra Mortensen, 1927b: 301, pi. 68: figs. 1-2. [Malaysia.] S. granularis Mortensen, 1928:69. [Philippines, Molucca Sea.] S. hawaiiensis Mortensen, 1928:69. [Hawaiian seas.] S. indica Doderlein var. philippinensis Mortensen, 1928:71. [Philippine seas.] S. nascaensis Allison, Durham and Mintz, 1967: 10-13, figs. 1-4, 15-20. [West from Chile.] S. purpurascens Mortensen, 1928:70. [Off Kei Islands, Indonesia.] S. reducta Mortensen, 1939b:7-9, fig. 3, pi. 2: figs. 1-4, pi. 5: fig. 1, pi. 6: figs. 14—16. [Maidive Islands, Indian Ocean.] S. sceptriferoides Doderlein var. lamellata Mor¬ tensen, 1927b:304-306, fig. 22, pis. 71-72, pi. 74: figs. 8-9, pi. 78: figs. 13-14. [Malaysia.] S. sceptriferoides Doderlein var. lanceolata Mor¬ tensen, 1'928:71. [Sagami Sea, Japan.] S. squamosa Mortensen, 1928:70. [Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean.] S. stylifera Mortensen, 1928:69. [Philippines.] S. sulcatispinis Mortensen, 1928:70. [Off Celebes, Kei Islands, Indonesia.] S. tubifera Mortensen, 1928:70. [Kei Islands, Philip¬ pines.] S. tubifera Mortensen var. impressa Mortensen, 1928:70. [Kei Islands, Philippines.] Middle Pliocene S. hutchinsoni Fell, 1954:35-36, pis. 6A-D, 6F-H, 6J-L, 9E. [New Zealand.] (Nukumaruan.) Lower Pliocene S. grandis (Doderlein) fusana Nisiyama, 1966:159- 160, pi. 1: fig. 4. [Japan.] (Kurotaki Fm.) Upper Eocene S. cudmorei Philip, 1964:440-441, figs, la-d, li-j> pi. 60. [Southeastern Australia.] S. fosteri Philip, 1964:441-442, figs, lf-g, pi- fig. 6, pi. 65: fig. 3. [Southeastern Australia.] S .? hispida Philip, 1964:444-446, fig. lh, pi. 61: figs. 8-9. [Southeastern Australia.] S. inermis Philip, 1964:442-444, figs. 2b, 2c, 2e, 2f, pi. 59: figs. 1-3, 7, 8. [Southeastern Australia.] S.? intricata Philip, 1964:446-447, fig. le, pi. 59: fig. 4. [Southeastern Australia.] Middle Eocene S. destefanii Innocenti, 1924:41-43, pi. 2: figs. 1-6. [Istria, former Italian province ceded to Yugo¬ slavia in 1947.] Cretaceous S. baileyi Fell, 1962:27-29, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Califor¬ nia, U.S.A.] S. bolli Krenkel, 1928:13-14, pi. 1: figs. 4-12. [Ger¬ many. Nomen nudum for Cidaris spinosa Boll, 1846.] S. jaekeli Krenkel, 1928:15-16, pi. 1: figs. 18-24. [Germany.] S. jaekeli Krenkel var. latior Krenkel, 1928:17, pi. 1: figs. 21-22. [Germany.] S. jaekeli Krenkel var. undulifera Krenkel, 1928: 16-17, pi. 1: figs. 23-24. [Germany.] S. rugensis Krenkel, 1928:15, pi. 1: figs. 15-17. [Germany. Nomen nudum for Cidaris alatus Boll, 1846.] Upper Cretaceous S. jaekeli Krenkel var. grandior Krenkel, 1928:16, pi. 1: figs. 18-20. [Germany.] (Upper Senonian.) Lower Cretaceous S. hudspethensis Cooke, 1955:89, pi. 18: figs. 1-4. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Lower Cenomanian to upper Albian.) NUMBER 34 11 Genus Phalacrocidaris Lambert Pleistocene/Pliocene S. (Phalacrocidaris) japonica (Doderlein) multipora Nisiyama, 1966:161-162, pi. 1: figs. 5-6. [Japan.] (Koshiba Fm.) Genus Typocidaris Pomel In the Treatise Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U325) considers Typocidaris a subjective synonym of Stereocidaris. Paleocene T. danica Ravn, 1928:23-25, fig. 7, pi. 2: figs. 9-12. [Denmark.] (Danian.) T. rosenkrantzi Ravn, 1928:21-23, fig. 6, pi. 1: figs. 9-15, pi. 2: fig. 13. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous T. baumbergeri Jeannet, 1934d:l-3, fig. 1, pi. i: figs. 1-2. [Austria.] (Urgonian.) T. falgarsensis Lambert, 1933d: 184-185, pi. 1: figs. 2-5. [Spain.] (Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous T. thalebensis Lambert, 1931c:68, fig. 4. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Albian.) Genus Chorocidaris Ikeda Recent Chorocidaris Ikeda, 1941:85-86. Type-species: C. micca Ikeda, 1941:85-86, pi. 6: figs. 1-8. [Japan.] Genus Compsocidaris Ikeda Recent Compsocidaris Ikeda, 1939a: 160-161. Type-species: C. pyrsacantha Ikeda, 1939a: 160-164, pis. 7-10. [Bonin Islands (Japan), Western Pacific Ocean.] Subfamily RHABDOCIDARINAE Lambert Genus Rhabdocidaris Desor Lower Cretaceous R. arginensis Weber, 1934:22-23, 80, pi. 3: figs. 7a-g. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Hauterivian.) R. brasiliensis Maury, 1936:262-263, pi. 2: figs. 4—5. [Brazil.] (Middle Albian.) R. buraganensis Weber, 1934:23, 80, pi. 3: figs. 8a-e. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Hauterivian.) Upper Jurassic R. boehmi Bantz, 1969:7, pi. 3: fig. 1. [Bavaria.] (Lower Tithonian, Malm Zeta 1/2 , facies of Soln- hofen.) R. cotteaui Jeannet, 1929:37-39, fig. 17, pi. 4: figs. 7-9, pi. 5: figs. 31-33, 41-43. [Switzerland.] (Lower Kimmeridgian.) R. desori Jeannet, 1929:26-28, figs, 1, 4, 13-14, pi. 3: figs. 7-10, pi. 5: fig. 44. [Switzerland.] (Lower Kimmeridgian.) R. mayri Bantz, 1969:7-8, pi. 7: fig. 1. [Bavaria.] (Lower Tithonian, Malm Zeta 2 .) R. nunlisti Jeannet, 1929:13-14, pi. 2: figs. 2-3, pi. 5: figs. 10-12. [Switzerland.] (Lower Kimme¬ ridgian.) R. orbignyiformis Jeannet, 1929:35-37, pi. 4: figs. 5-6, pi. 5: figs. 28-30, 37-39. [Switzerland.] (Upper Kimmeridgian.) R. rauraca Jeannet, 1929:39-40, pi. 4: figs. 10-12, pi. 5: figs. 16-18. [Switzerland.] (Upper Rau- racian.) R. stingelini Jeannet, 1929:41, pi. 2: fig. 11, pi. 5: figs. 34-36. [Switzerland.] (Upper Kimmeridgian.) R. yailensis Weber, 1934:21-22, 79-80, pi. 3: fig. 6. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.) (Sequanian.) Middle Jurassic R. bigoti Mercier, 1931:94-97, figs. 1-4. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) R. kisombyensis Lambert, 1936c: 12, pi. 1 :figs. 5-7. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bathonian.) R. turbeti Lambert, 1933b:33, pi. 3: fig. 8. [North Africa.] (Bajocian.) 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lower Jurassic R. chouberti Lambert, 1937:42, pi. 4: figs. 12-13. [Morocco.] (Upper Domerian.) Genus Actinocidaris Mortensen Recent Actinocidaris Mortensen, 1928:73. [Hawaii.] Type- species: Phyllacanthus thomasi A. Agassiz and H. L. Clark. Genus Chondrocidaris A. Agassiz Recent C. brevispina H. L. Clark, 1925a: 11, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Loyalty Islands, Southwestern Pacific Ocean.] Miocene C. problepteryx H. L. Clark, 1945:314-315, pi. 41: fig. E. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] Lower Miocene C. marianica Nisiyama, 1966:171-172, pi. 1: figs. 19-20. [Mariana Island, West Pacific Ocean.] Miocene/Upper Oligocene C. clarkii Chapman and Cudmore, 1934:141-142, pi. 13: figs. 15-17, pi. 15: fig. 31. [South Aus¬ tralia.] Genus Megacidaris Thiery Lower Jurassic M. cottreaui Mercier, 1937c: 19-20. [France.] (Toar- cian.] Genus Parhabdocidaris Thiery Upper Jurassic Parhabdocidaris Thiery, 1928:181. [Europe.] Type- species: Rhabdocidaris varusensis Cotteau. Genus Phyllacanthus Brandt Recent P. forcipulatus Mortensen, l936b:307-309, 1 fig., pi. 10: figs. 1-4, pi. 11: figs. 1-4, pi. 12: figs. 1-10. [Indian Ocean.] P. irregularis Mortensen, 1928:74. [West and south Australia.] P. irregularis Mortensen kimberi Cotton and God¬ frey, 1942:216-217, pi. 12: figs. 1-2. [South Australia.] Pleistocene P. tylotus H. L. Clark, 1945:313-314, pi. 41: fig. D. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] Middle Pliocene P. serratus Philip, 1963d:219, fig. 2e, pi. 25: figs. 1, 2, 4. [Southeastern Australia.] Miocene P. clarkii (Chapman and Cudmore) impensus Philip, 1963d:217—218, fig. 5c, pi. 25: figs. 9-10, pi. 26: figs. 2, 5, 9. [Southeastern Australia.] P. dubius Brandt var. sundaica Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937:223-224. [Java, Indonesia.] P. wellmanae Fell, 1954:51-53, pis. 1C, ID, 2. [New Zealand.] (Kapitean.) Lower Pliocene/Upper Oligocene P. duncani Chapman and Cudmore, 1934:131-133, pi. 12: figs. 7-9, pi. 15: fig. 33. [South Australia.] Middle Miocene/Lower Oligocene P. duncani Chapman and Cudmore gambierensis Philip, 1963d:213-214, fig. 4, pi. 23: figs. 2, 10, pi. 24: figs. 1-3. [Southeastern Australia.] (Jan- jukian.) P. titan Fell, 1954:49-51, pis. IB, 3, 10A, 11D. [New Zealand.] (Duntroonian-Waiauan.) NUMBER 34 13 Lower Cretaceous P. texanus Whitney and Kellum, 1966:245-248, pi. 2: figs. 13-14. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group. Aptian.) P. tysoni Whitney and Kellum, 1966:244-245, pi. 2: figs. 4-6. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group. Aptian.) Genus Leiocidaris Desor In the Treatise Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U330) considers Leiocidaris a subjective synonym of Phyllacanthus. Upper Oligocene L. cojimarensis Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1949:31. [Cuba. Although Lambert and Roig considered this species Miocene, Brodermann (1949:324) says it is Upper Oligocene.] L. spinidentatus Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:32, pi. 1: fig. 3. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:324) says it is Upper Oligocene.] Middle Eocene L. mortenseni Lambert, 1933a: 30, pi. 1: figs. 18-21. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lutetian.) Lower Eocene L. cottreaui Lambert in Lambert and Per£baskine, 1929:474, pi. 38: figs. 6, 7. [North Africa.] Cretaceous L. leoni Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1926: 33-34, pi. 4: figs. 5, 6. [Cuba.] Upper Cretaceous L. madrugensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:29-30, 32, pi. I: figs. 2, 4. [Cuba.] (Maestrichtian.) L. sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1932a:2-5, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 1-6. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) L. stefaninii Shalem, 1933:19-22, pi. 2: figs. la-d. [Palestine.] (Cenomanian.) L. tripolitana Checchia-Rispoli, 1933b:3-6, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-4, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous L. karakachi Weber, 1934:42-43, 83, pi. 7: figs. 2a-c. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Barremian.) L. thiebaudi Jeannet, 1955:555-557, pi. 26: figs. 1-7. [Angola, southwest Africa.] (Albian.) Upper Jurassic L. rollieri Jeannet, 1933d:4-6, pi. 1: figs. 4, 8, 10. [Switzerland. First figured in Jeannet (1931).] (Lower Sequanian.) L. tobleri Jeannet, 1933d:2-4, pi. 1: figs. 1-3, 6, 7, 11. [Switzerland. First figured in Jeannet (1931).] (Lower Kimmeridgian.) Genus Porocidaris Desor Recent P. sibogae Mortensen, 1934a: 166. [Malaysia, off Kei Islands.] Upper Eocene P. lopezi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 137, pi. 1: fig. 4. [Cuba.] Paleocene P. farafrensis Hassan, 1969:15-16, pi. 1: figs. 1-5. [Farafra Oasis, Upper Egypt.] (Landanian.) Genus Prionocidaris A. Agassiz Recent P. baculosa (Lamarck) var. lineata H. L. Clark, 1925a: 14. [Indian Ocean, Seychelles and Natal islands.] P. badia H. L. Clark, 1925a: 14-15, pi. 2: fig. 2. [Mauritius Island, Indian Ocean.] P. bispinosa (Lamarck) var. laevis H. L. Clark, 1938:371-372, pi. 26: fig. 1. [Western Australia.] 14 P. bispinosa (Lamarck) var. nigrobrunnea Morten- sen, 1928:74. [Shark’s Bay, Western Australia.] Pleistocene-Pliocene/Lower Miocene P. malindiensis Stephenson, 1968:560-562, figs. If, lh-i, 2f-i. [Kenya, East Africa.] (Baratumu and Midadoni Beds.) Lower Miocene P. praeverticillata Stephenson, 1968:555-560, figs, la-c, 2a-e. [Kenya, East Africa.] (Baratumu Beds. Aquitanian-Burdigalian.) Miocene/ Upper Oligocene P. scoparia Chapman and Cudmore, 1934:134—135, pi. 12: figs. 10-11, pi. 15: figs. 28-30. [South Australia.] Oligocene P. haasti Fell, 1954:54-55, pis. 10C, 11F-H. [New Zealand.] (Duntroonian-Otaian.) Middle Eocene P. marchalli Fell, 1954:54, pis. 8B, 8C, 81, 9C. [New Zealand.] (Bortonian.) Subfamily CIDARINAE Gray Genus Cidaris Leske Recent C. cidaris (Linnaeus) var. meridionalis Mortensen, 1928:71. [Bay of Biscay-Canaries-Madeira, North Atlantic.] C. mabahissae Mortensen, 1939b:9— 11, fig. 4, pi. 1: figs. 5-6, pi. 4: fig. 4, pi. 5: fig. 5, pi. 6: figs. 3, 5, 8, 12, 13. [Maidive Islands, Indian Ocean oil southern India.] Miocene C. aculeata Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937: 219-220, fig. 3. [Dutch East Indies, West Pacific Ocean.] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY C. cojimarensis Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1926:32, pi. 3: fig. 3. [Cuba.] Oligocene C. assnlaeformis Malaroda, 1951:158-159, ph 2: figs. 6, 7, 11-13. [Italy.] C. pelettensis Castex, 1930:13-14, pi. 1: fig- 1- [France.) (Stampian.) C. vepres Lambert, 1931c:79, pi. 3: fig. 22. [West Sarno, Algeria.] (Stampian.) Upper Oligocene C. duncani Socin, 1942:48-49. [India and Somali¬ land.] (Chattian.) Eocene C. gymnozona Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:9-11, pi. 1: fig. 1-3. [Jamaica, Caribbean Sea.] C. sigillum Lambert, 1931c:78, pi. 3: figs. 20-21. [Algiers, North Africa.] Upper Eocene C. dubaleni Castex, 1930:12-13. [France.] (Barto- nian or Stampian.) C. hemispinosa Lambert, 1933d: 188-189, pi. 1: figs. 6-9. [Spain.] (Probably Lutetian.) C. isnardi Lambert, 1924a:7. [France.] (Bartonian.) Upper Cretaceous C. mahafalensis Besairie, 1930:226, pi. 22: fig. 5. [Madagascar, east coast of Africa.] (Upper Senonian-Campanian.) C. majungensis Lambert, 1933a: 11-12, pi. 1: figs. 4-7. [Madagascar, east coast of Africa.] (Mae- strichtian.) C. meslei Lambert, 1931 c:72, pi. 3: fig. 17. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Santonian.) Lower Cretaceous C. enissalensis Weber, 1934:30, 81, pi. 5: fig. 1. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Upper Valanginian.) C. mullerriedi Lambert, 1935c:365-366, pi. 16: figs. 13-14. [Mexico.] (Aptian.) NUMBER 34 15 C. theodosiae Weber, 1934:33, 34, 81, 82, pi. 5: figs. lOa-e. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Hauterivian- Valanginian.) Triassic C. anellatus De Gregorio, 1930b:29, pi. 6: figs. 12-15. [Italy.] C. ecki Assmann, 1925:517-518, pi. 9: figs. 7-10. [Germany.] C. longispina Assmann, 1937:22-23, pi. 5: figs. 7-10. [Germany.] C. mirandus De Gregorio, 1930b: 29, pi. 6: fig. 11. [Italy.] C. per costatus De Gregorio, 1930b: 29, pi. 6: figs. 16-17. [Italy.] C. remifera Assmann, 1937:23-24, pi. 5: fig. 17. [Germany.] C. tuberculinus De Gregorio, 1930b:29, pi. 6: figs. 5-6. [Italy.] Upper Triassic C. aculeata Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:10, pi. 1: fig. 8. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. crenulata Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:6, pi. 2: figs. 27-29. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. dorsata Braun var. coronata Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:8, pi. 2: fig. 20. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. dorsata Braun var. jugulata Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:7-8, pi. 2: figs. 15-19. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. gilletae Lambert, 1927b:8-9, figs. 1-2. [Mikul- schiitz, formerly in Silesia, Germany, now in Poland. New name for C. transversa von Meyer (1847:576). Figured by Schauroth (1859:293-294, pi. 1: figs. 8a-d).] (Norian.) C. magna Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:5, pi. 2: fig. 26. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. pusilla f. Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:8, pi. 1: fig. 7. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. pyramidalis Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:10, pi. 2: fig. 25. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. raibliana Bather var. capitata Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:9, pi. 1: figs. 9-10, pi. 2: figs. 11-14. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. scrobiculata Braun var. rumerlensis Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:6-7, pi. 1: figs. 3-5. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. slaulinensis Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:6, pi. 2: fig. 30. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. trigona (Munster) var. cuspidata Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:7, pi. 1: fig. 6. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Karnian.) C. zardinii Leonardi and Lovo, 1950:9-10, pi. 2: figs. 21-24, 26b. [Italy.] (St. Cassian Beds. Kar¬ nian.) Permian C. bitauniensis Wanner, 1941:310-311, pi. 26: figs. 7-10, 24. [Timor Island, South Malay Archi¬ pelago.] C. jonkeri Wanner, 1941:311-312, pi. 26: figs. 11-13. [Timor Island, South Malay Archipelago.] Genus Dorocidaris A. Agassiz In the Treatise Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U331) considers Dorocidaris a subjective synonym of Cidaris. Recent D. lorioli Koehler, 1927:21-23, pi. 3: figs. 2-5. [Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal.] Miocene D. henjamensis Clegg, 1933:17-18, pi. 2: figs. 3a-c. [Persia (Iran).] Oligocene D. exilis Lambert, 1931c:79, pi. 3: fig. 23. [Algiers, North Africa.] Cretaceous D. molineti Lambert, 1931e:299-300, fig. 3, pi. 17: figs. 14—15. [Cuba.] Upper Cretaceous D. basseae Besairie and Lambert, 1930:115, pi. 9: figs. 7-9. [Zululand, East Africa.] (Turonian.) 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY D. besairiei Lambert, 1936c:23, pi. 3: figs. 1-6. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Campa¬ nian.) D. ciryi Lambert, 1935f:513—515, pi. 57: figs. 1-2. [Spain.] (Cenomanian.) D. demujiensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:30, pi. 1: fig. 1. [Cuba.] D. eybrunnensis Dacque, 1939:79, pi. 3: fig. 12. [Germany.] (Lower Turonian to Upper Ceno¬ manian.) D. garciai Sanchez Roig, 1952c:2, pi. 1: fig. 3. [Cuba.] D. madrugensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:29-30, 32, pi. 1: figs. 2, 4. [Havana, Cuba.] D. taouzenis Lambert, 1933b:61, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [North Africa.] (Cenomanian.) Lower Cretaceous D. bitakensis Weber, 1934:37, 82, pi. 6: figs. 2a-e. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Barremian.) D. urcustensis Weber, 1934:38-39, 82-83, pi. 6: figs. 4a-h. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Hauterivian.) Genus Balanocidaris Lambert Lower Cretaceous B. darderi Lambert, 1935b:360, pi. 41: fig. 8. [Spain.] (Aptian.) Cidaris (Balanocidaris ) deserti El-Din Mahmoud, 1955:158-159, pi. 18: figs. 1-3. [Egypt.] (Middle Albian.) B. tingitana Lambert, l933b:62, pi. 2: figs. 7-9. [North Africa.] (Valanginian.) Upper Jurassic B. japonica Nisiyama, 1966:166-167, pi. 1: figs. 15-18. [Japan.] (Probably Callovian to Titho- nian.) Middle Jurassic B. besairiei Lambert, 1933a:9, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Madagascar, east coast of Africa.] (Perhaps Lower Bajocian.) Upper Triassic B. migliorinii Venzo, 1934b: 157-158, pi. 13: fig s - 13a-b. [Rhodes Island, Southeastern Aegean Sea.] (Ladinian-Raiblian.) B. subdorsata Venzo, 1934b: 156-157, pi- 13: fig s - 11-12. [Rhodes Islands, Southeastern Aegean Sea.] (St. Cassian Beds to Raiblian. Karnian.) Genus Cyathocidaris Lambert Upper Cretaceous C. septemtrionalis Schmitz, 1970:37-38, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Northern Germany.] (Senonian.) Genus Eucidaris Pomel Recent E. australiae Mortensen, 1950a:291-293, figs. 1-4, pi. 8: figs. 5-7, pi. 9: figs. 3, 5, 6. [Western Australia.] E. clavata Mortensen, 1928:73. [St. Helena and Ascension, off west coast of Africa, South Atlantic Ocean.] E. tribuloides (Lamarck) africana f. attenuata A. M. Clark, 1955:51, pi. 2. [Gold Coast of Africa.] Lower Miocene/Oligocene E. strombilata Fell felli Philip, 1963d:202, pi. 22: figs. 1, 2, 5, 9. [Southeastern Australia.] (Jan- jukian and Longfordian(P).) Lower Oligocene E. coralloides Fell, 1954:46, pis. 11B, 11C. [New Zealand.] (Whaingaroan.) Lower Oligocene/Upper Eocene E. strobilata Fell, 1954:47-48, pis. 8A, 8E-H, 8J, 1 OB, 11E. [New Zealand.] NUMBER 34 17 Genus Hesperocidaris Mortensen Recent Hesperocidaris Mortensen, 1928:73, 74. [California, U.S.A., Western Panama and Ecuador.] Type- species: Dorocidaris panamensis A. Agassiz. H. asteriscus H. L. Clark, 1948:233-234, pi. 36: fig. 4, pi. 37: figs. 5-6. [Panama, off Medidor Island.] H. houstoniana A. H. Clark, 1939:12-16, pi. 4: figs. 10-11, pi. 5: figs. 12-14. [Galapagos Islands, off Ecuador.] Genus Kionocidaris Mortensen Recent Kionocidaris Mortensen, 1932b: 165. Type-species: K. striata Mortensen, 1932b: 165-168, figs. 9, 11-12, pi. 5: fig. 7, pi. 9: figs. 4-6, pi. 11: figs. 3, 9, pi. 12: figs. 1-2, pi. 13: figs. 4, 6-7. [Natal coast, Africa.] K. striata Mortensen var. teretispina Mortensen, 1932b: 168, fig. 10, pi. 13: fig. 5. [Natal coast, Africa.] Genus Lissocidaris Mortensen Recent Lissocidaris Mortensen, 1939b: 11-12. Type-species: L. fusca Mortensen, 1939b: 12-14, figs. 5-6, pi. 3: figs. 1-3, pi. 5: fig. 2, pi. 6: figs. 1, 2, 6, 19. [Maidive Islands, off southern India.] Genus Paracidaris Pomel Upper Jurassic P. loppei Castex, 1947:26, pi. 1: fig. 1. [France.] (Upper Sequanian.) P. nunlisti Jeannet, 1927:393-396, pi. 12: figs. l-6b. [Switzerland.] (Argovian.) Middle Jurassic P. lagorgettei Lambert, 1933c: 173-174, pi. 7: figs. 5-7. [France.] (Callovian.) Upper Triassic P. jeanneti Lambert, 1924c:448^50, figs. 1-2. [Switzerland.] (Rhaetian.) Genus Plegiocidaris Pomel S. bracteata (A. Agassiz) var. albidens H. L. Clark, 1925a:23-24. [Ceylon, west of Kaltusa and Mac¬ clesfield Bank, Indian Ocean.] S. bracteata (A. Agassiz) var. mauritiana Morten¬ sen, 1932b: 161-162, pis. 7-8, pi. 9: figs. 10-11, pi. 12: figs. 3-5, 7. [Mauritius, Indian Ocean.] S. cingulata Mortensen, 1932b: 162-164, figs. 7-8, pi. 1: fig. 6, pi. 11: fig. 6, pi. 13: figs. 8-10. [Indian Ocean.] S. effluens Mortensen, 1927b:285-292, fig. 19, pi. 59: fig. 3, pi. 62: figs. 1-2, pi. 65: figs. 1-4, pi. 75: figs. 1-2, pi. 80: figs. 1-6. [Malaysia.] Lower Cretaceous P. biassalensis Weber, 1934:11, 12, 78, pi. 2: figs. la-k. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Barremian.) P. lamberti Weber, 1934:13, 79, pi. 12: figs. la-c. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Barremian-Hauterivian.) P. lemoinei Lambert in Demoly, 1928:142, pi. 1: figs. 9-13. [France.] (Hauterivian.) P.f orientalis El-Din Mahmoud, 1955:159, pi. 18: figs. 4, 7. [Egypt.] (Middle Albian.) Jurassic P. huguenini Lambert, 1931c:60-61. [France.] Upper Jurassic P. helviorum Lambert, 1932:262-263. [France.] (Tithonian? or Argovian.) P. kuchkaensis Weber, 1934:9, 78, pi. 1: figs. 4a-d. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Rauracian.) P. vogdti Weber, 1934:11, 78, pi. 1: figs. 7a-c. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Rauracian.) Middle Jurassic P. ardesica Thiery in Thi£ry, Lambert and Col- lignon, 1928:90-91, pi. 21: fig. 15. [France.] (Cal¬ lovian.) 18 P. babeaui Cotteau var. granulosa Merrier, 1932: 149, pi. 2: fig. 5. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) P. bifrons Lambert, 1936c: 12, pi. 1: figs. 10-11. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bathonian.) P. caeuliculus Lambert, 1936c: 11-12, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bathonian.) P. jacobi Basse and Lambert in Lambert, 1936c: 11, pi. 4: figs. 1-3, 8. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) P. mercieri Lambert, 1933b:30-32, pi. 3: figs. 6-7. [North Africa.] (Lower Bathonian.) P. pseudohorrida Lambert, 1936c: 12, pi. 1: fig. 9. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bathonian.) P. welschi Lambert, 1935a:523—524, pi. 26: fig. 4. [France.] (Lower Bajocian.) Lower Jurassic P. marizensis Lambert, 1937:40, pi. 1: fig. 3. [Mo¬ rocco. It was described without a specific name in 1933b, Notes and Memoires, 27:29, pi. 1: fig. 5.] (Domerian to late Pliensbachian.) P. morierei Cotteau var. nodosa Merrier, 1937c:21— 22, pi. 1: figs. 12-13. [France.] (Toarcian.) P. telrhemtensis Lambert, 1937:41, pi. 1: fig. 4. [Morocco.] (Toarcian.) P. termieri Lambert, 1937:39-40, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Morocco.] (Pliensbachian.) P. tingitana Lambert, 1933b:29-30, pi. 1: figs. 11- 12. [North Africa.] (Aalenian.) Upper Triassic P. raibliana (Bather) var. rhodiensis Venzo, 1934b: 159-160, pi. 13: figs. 14-15. [Rhodes Island, South¬ eastern Aegean Sea.] (Raiblian. Karnian.) Genus Stylocidaris Mortensen Recent S. amboinae Mortensen, 1928:71. [Amboina, off Mindanao, Indonesia.] S. annulosa Mortensen, 1927b:296-299, fig. 21, pi. 63: fig. 1, pi. 64: figs. 1-3, pi. 65: fig. 8, pi. 75: fig. 3, pi. 80: figs. 7-11. [China Sea.] S.(?) fusispina Mortensen, 1928:72-73. [Sagami Sea and Kagoshima Gulf, Japan.] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY S. laevispina Mortensen, 1939b: 15-17, figs. 7-8, ph 2: fig. 5, pi. 4: figs. 1, 5, pi. 5: fig. 6, pi. 6: figs. 7, 10, 11. [Indian Ocean.] S.(})longicollis Mortensen, 1928: 72. [Amirante Is¬ lands, east of Tanganyika, Indian Ocean.] S. maculosa Mortensen, 1928:72. [Sagami Sea, Ja¬ pan.] S. reini (Doderlein) var. cladothrix Mortensen, 1927b:293-295, fig. 20, pi. 65: figs. 5-7, pi. 66: fig. 1, pi. 67: fig. 1, ph 75: fig. 4. [Malaysia.] S. reini (Doderlein) var. rubida Mortensen, 1927b: 295-296, pi. 63: figs. 2-3, pi. 74: figs. 6-7. [Ma¬ laysia.] S. rufa Mortensen, 1928:71-72. [Hawaii.] Tertiary S. (?) chaprnani Philip, 1963d: 198-201, figs, lb-c, 2a, pi. 22: figs. 6-8. [Southeastern Australia.] (Pre-Oligocene, pre-Janjukian.) Genus Menocidaris Philip Miocene Menocidaris Philip, 1964:468-469. Type-species: M. co?npta Philip, 1964: 469-471, fig. 6, pi. 59: fig. 5, pi. 61: fig. 1, pi. 67: fig. 1. [Southeastern Aus¬ tralia.] Family PSYCHOCIDARIDAE Ikeda Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936b:486, pis. 33-34. Type- genus: Psychocidaris Ikeda. [Malaysia(?).] Genus Psychocidaris Ikeda Recent Psychocidaris Ikeda, 1935b:386. Type-species: P. ohshimai Ikeda, 1935b: 386-388, fig. 1. [Malaysia, Bonin Islands, Southeastern Asia.] Genus Caenocidaris Thiery Middle Jurassic Caenocidaris Thiery, 1928:180. Type-species: Ci- daris cucumifera Agassiz. [Europe.] (Bajocian.) NUMBER 34 19 Genus Merocidaris Thiery Middle Jurassic Merocidaris Thiery, 1928:180. Type-species: Cidaris honorinae Cotteau. [Europe.] (Kimmeridgian- Bajocian.) Genus Tylocidaris Pomel Paleocene T. macneili Cooke, 1959:12-13, pi. 1: figs. 3-5. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Clayton Fm.) T. pomifer (Boll) herupensis Wind, 1954:484, pi. 13: figs. 55-58. [Scandinavia.] (Upper Danian.) T. pomifer (Boll) var. masoviensis Kongiel, 1958:5, 19, figs. 1-7, pi. 1: figs. 4-15. [Denmark.] (Da¬ nian.) T. ravni Brotzen, 1959:47-49, figs. 14c, 14d, pi. 2: figs. 2-16. [Sweden.] (Middle Danian.) T. rosenkrantzi Brotzen, 1959:45, figs. 15a, 15b, pi. 2: figs. 17-36. [Sweden.] (Middle Danian.) T.f salina Cooke, 1959:12, pi. 1: figs. 12-14. [Ala¬ bama, U.S.A.] (Salt Mt. Ls.) T. xvindi Brotzen, 1959:47, figs. 16a, 16b, pi. 1: figs. 20-23. [Sweden.] (Lower Danian.) Family DIPLOCIDARIDAE Gregory Genus Diplocidaris Desor Lower Cretaceous D. bicarinata Weber, 1934:28, 81, pi. 4: figs. 7a-k. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Hauterivian.) Middle Jurassic D. besairiei Lambert, 1936b: 116-117, pi. 6: figs. 1- 10. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bajocian.) D. dubari Lambert, 1937:44—45, pi. 4: figs. 6-7. [Morocco.] (Bajocian to Bathonian.) D. mauritanicus Jeannet, 1936b:607—611, figs. 1-2, pi. 37: figs. 1-3. [Morocco, North Africa.] (Ba¬ thonian to Bajocian.) D. romani Mercier in Roche, 1939:304, fig. 10. [France.] (Bajocian.) Lower Jurassic D. menchikoffi Lambert, 1937:43-44, pi. 1: figs. 5-7. [Morocco.] (Upper Domerian.) Order Uncertain Family Uncertain Genus Lanternarius Regnell Middle Silurian Lanternarius Regnell, 1956:171-172. Type-species: L. latens Regnell, 1956:173-175, fig. 4, pi. 2: figs. 4-6. [Sweden.] (Wenlockian.) Subclass EUECHINOIDEA Bronn Superorder DIADEM AT ACEA Duncan Order ECHINOTHURIOIDA Claus Family ECHINOTHURIIDAE Thomson Subfamily ECHINOTHURIINAE Thomson Genus Araeosoma Mortensen Recent A. alternatum Mortensen, 1934a: 164. [Off the So¬ mali Coast, Indian Ocean.] A. coriaceum Agassiz var. indicum Koehler, 1927: 37-39, pi. 7: fig. 5, pi. 8: fig. 3, pi. 24: fig. 3. [Indian Ocean.] A. owstoni Mortensen var. nudum Mortensen, 1934a: 164. [Malaysia, Philippines, off Cape Va- zella, Annam.] A. parviungulatum Mortensen, 1934a: 164. [Celebes Island, Buton Strait, Malaysia.] A. paucispinum H. L. Clark, 1925c:4—5, pi. 2. [Off Natal Coast, South Africa.] A. splendens Mortensen, 1934a: 164. [Off Kei Is¬ lands, Malaysia.] A. tessellatum (A. Agassiz) var. carinatum Morten¬ sen, 1934a: 163. [Off South Luzon, China Sea.] 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Paleocene (?) A. mortenseni Ravn, 1928:37-38, pi. 4: figs. 42- 45. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous (?) A. brunnichi Ravn, 1928:36-37, pi. 4: figs. 36- 38. [Denmark.] (Upper Senonian.) Genus Asthenosoma Grube Recent A. dilatatum Mortensen, 1934a: 165. [Off Jolo Is¬ land, Malaysia.] A. intermedium H. L. Clark, 1938:378-380, pi. 26: figs. 2-3. [Great Barrier Reef, Australia.] A. periculosum Endean, 1964:95-100, fig. 1, pi. 12: figs. 1-2. [Queensland, Australia.] A. varium Grube album Mortensen, 1934a: 165. [Oft Tual, Kei Islands, Malaysia.] Upper Cretaceous A.Q) striatissimum Ravn, 1928:39, pi. 4: figs. 40-41. [Denmark.] (Upper Senonian.) Genus Calveriosoma Mortensen Recent Calveriosoma Mortensen, 1934a: 163. Type-species: Calveria hystrix Thomson. [North Atlantic-North Pacific.] Genus Hapalosoma Mortensen Recent H. gemmiferum Mortensen, 1934a: 165. [Japanese Seas.] Genus Sperosoma Koehler Recent S. antillense Mortensen, 1934a: 163. [Off Barbados (Island), Caribbean Sea.] S. armatum Koehler, 1927:43—46, pi. 8: figs. 1, pi. 25: fig. 3. [Indian Ocean.] S. crassispinum Mortensen, 1934a: 163. [Molucca Passage, Malaysia.] S. tristichum Mortensen, 1934a: 163. [Celebes Sea, Malaysia.] Genus Echinosoma Pomel Recent In the Treatise Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U346- U347) considers Echinosoma an objective syno¬ nym of Tromikosoma. E. australe Koehler, 1926:38-43, pi. 107: figs. 1-2, pi. 108: figs. 1-2, pi. 109: figs. 9-10, pi. 121: fig. 2. [South Pacific.] Subfamily PHORMOSOMATINAE Mortensen Genus Phormosoma Thomson Recent P. placenta Thomson var. africana Mortensen, 1934a: 162. [Off South Africa.] Genus Hemiphormosoma Mortensen Recent Hemiphormosoma Mortensen, 1934a: 162. Type- species: H. paucispinum Mortensen, 1934a: 162. [Sulu Sea, Malaysia.] Genus Paraphormosoma Mortensen Recent Paraphormosoma Mortensen, 1934a: 163. Type-spe¬ cies: Phormosoma alternans de Meijere. [Indo¬ nesia.] NUMBER 34 21 Order DIADEMATOIDA Duncan Family DIADEMATIDAE Gray Genus Diadema Gray Recent D. clarki Ikeda, 1939b: 165-166, pi. 11: figs. 1-4. [Japan.] D. palmeri Baker, 1967:240-243, fig. 1, pis. 1-2. [Northern New Zealand.] Lower Miocene D. vetus Lambert, 1931c:84, pi. 3: fig. 26. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Aquitanian.) Upper Eocene D.} principeana Weisbord, 1934:41-43, pi. 3: figs. 11-13. [Cuba.] Genus Astropyga Gray Recent A. magnified A. H. Clark, 1934:52-53. [Florida, U.S.A.] A. nuptialis Tommasi, 1958:85-87, figs. 1-3. [San Pablo, Brazil.] Genus Centrostephanus Peters Recent C. asteriscus Agassiz and Clark var. malayanus Mortensen, 1939a:549-550; 1940b:313, pi. 37: figs. 1-2, pi. 76: figs. 5-9, 13, 19-21. [Kei Islands, Indonesia.] C. besnardi Bernasconi, 1955:92. [Island of Trini¬ dad, Brazil.] C. nitidus Koehler, 1927:53-60, pi. 9: figs. 4-10, pi. 10: figs. 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, pi. 26: fig. 2. [Indian Ocean.] Lower Miocene C. sacyi Lambert, 1928b: 85-86, fig. 1. [France.] (Langhian-Burdigalian.) Genus Chaetodiadema Mortensen Recent C. africanum H. L. Clark, 1925c:2-3, pi. 1. [Off Natal Coast, South Africa.] C. keiense Mortensen, 1939a:549; 1940b:226—229, pi. 32: figs. 3-8, pi. 72: figs. 1-5. [Kei Islands, Indonesia.] C. sundararaji Devanesen, 1930:249. [Probably In¬ dian Ocean.] Genus Eodiadema Duncan Lower Jurassic E. lacostei Lambert, 1933b:41-44, pi. 1: figs. 14-17. [North Africa.] E. thorali Petitot, 1961 [1959]:35-36, pi. 2: figs. 10- 13. [Morocco.] (Domerian-late Pliensbachian.) Genus Eremopyga Agassiz and Clark Recent E. debilis Mortensen, 1940a:34-35; 1940b:213—215, pi. 26: figs. 3, 4, pi. 27: figs. 1-4, pi. 71: fig. 12. [Malaysia.] Genus Goniodiadema Mortensen Recent Goniodiadema Mortensen, 1939a:549; 1940b:237. Type-species: G. mauritiense Mortensen, 1939a: 549; 1940b:238-241, pi. 28: figs. 1-2, pi. 73; figs. 8, 17-20. [Mauritius, Indian Ocean.] Genus Kierechinus Philip Lower Eocene Kierechinus Philip, 1963b: 1104—1109, figs. 1-3. Type-species: Pedinopsis melo Kier. [British Somali¬ land, East Africa.] (Upper Auradu.) Genus Palaeodiadema Pomel Paleocene/Upper Cretaceous P.(?) multiforme Ravn, 1928:49-52, pi. 5: figs. 7-10. [Denmark.] (Danian to Upper Senonian.) 22 P. gauihieri Lambert, 193lc:70—71, pi. 3: fig. 14. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Turonian.) Family MICROPYGIDAE Mortensen Genus Micropyga A. Agassiz Recent M. nigra H. L. Clark, 1925a:47-48, pi. 3: fig. 3, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [New Britain, Bismarck Archi¬ pelago, South Pacific.] Family ASPIDODIADEMATIDAE Duncan Genus Aspidodiadema A. Agassiz Recent A. africanum Mortensen, 1939a:548; 1940b:49-51, pi. 2: figs. 11-12, pi. 63: figs. 1-4. [Off East Lon¬ don, Union of South Africa.] A. annulatum Koehler, 1927:61-63, pi. 11: figs. 1-6. [Invisible Bank, Indian Ocean?] A. arcitum Mortensen, 1939a:547-548; 1940b:46- 49, pi. 1: fig. 17, pi. 2: figs. 6-10, pi. 64: figs. 13- 17. [Off the Hawaiian Islands.] A. hawaiiense Mortensen, 1939a:548; 1940b:56-58, pi. 1: fig. 16, pi. 2: figs. 1-5, pi. 63: figs. 5-7. [Hawaiian Islands.] A. meijerei Doderlein var. keiense Mortensen, 1939a:548; 1940b:55, pi. 65: figs. 10-12. [Kei Is¬ lands, Indonesia.] Family Uncertain Genus Ancylocidaris Miller Upper Jurassic Ancylocidaris Miller, 1929:335. Type-species: A. spenceri Miller, 1929:335-336, figs. 1-3. [Wyo¬ ming, U.S.A.] (Sundance Fm.) Genus Helodiadema Mortensen Lower Cretaceous Helodiadema Mortensen, 1939a: 550; 1940b: 339- 340, fig. 174. Type-species: Cottaldia rotula W. B. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Clark. [Locality unknown.] (Lower Cretaceous in North America.) Order PEDINOIDA Mortensen Family PEDINIDAE Pomel Genus Pedina L. Agassiz Upper-Middle Eocene P. eocenica Sanchez Roig, 1949:41-42, pi. 3: fig. 6. [Cuba.] Middle Jurassic P. madagascariensis Lambert, 1936c: 19, pi. 4: figs. 23-24. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) Genus Atlasaster Lambert In the Treatise Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U357) considers Atlasaster a subjective synonym of Pedina. Lower Jurassic Atlasaster Lambert, 1931b: 19-22. Type-species: A. termieri Lambert, 1931b: 19-22, fig. 3, pi. 2: figs. 1-5. [North Africa.] (Lower Domerian.) A. jeanneti Lambert, 1937:65-67, fig. 3, pi. 2: fig. 1, pi. 4: figs. 21-22. [Morocco.] (Sinemurian.) Genus Coenopedina A. Agassiz Recent C. annulata Mortensen, 1940a:38; 1940b: 108-110, pi. 2: figs. 16-18, pi. 3: fig. 1, pi. 68: figs. 1-6, 17, 18. [Malaysia.] C. capensis H. L. Clark, 1923:375, fig. 4, pi. 21: figs. 1-2. [South Africa. Clark refers to the genus as Coenopedina Pomel (nom. null.).] C. depressa Koehler, 1927:74-76, pi. 12: figs. 7-9. [Indian Ocean. Koehler refers to the genus as Coenopedina Pomel (nom. null.).] C. diomedeae Mortensen, 1939a:548-549; 1940b: 110-112, fig. 61, pi. 2: figs. 21-23, pi. 68: figs. 10- 14. [Gulf of Panama, off Cape Mala.] NUMBER 34 23 C. superba H. L. Clark, 1925a:52-53, pi. 5: figs. 1-2. [Saya de Malha Banks, Indian Ocean. Clark re¬ fers to the genus as Coenopedina Pomel (nom. null.).] Genus Diademopsis Desor Lower Jurassic D. behtensis Lambert, 1931b: 14, pi. 1: figs. 16-17. [North Africa.] (Lotharingian.) Genus Hemipedina Wright Cretaceous H. abreusense Sanchez Roig, 1949:36-37. [Cuba.] Upper Jurassic H. taurica Weber, 1934:55-56, 85-86, fig. 3, pi. 9: figs. 3a-b. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Sequanian.) Genus Leiopedina Cotteau Lower Eocene L. cienagensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:42-43, pi. 3: figs. 3-4. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig cites the age as Middle Eocene, Brodermann (1949:324) says this species is Lower Eocene.] Genus Micropedina Cotteau Upper Cretaceous M. olisiponensis (Forbes) var. gongilensis Brighton, 1925:17-19, fig. 5. [Nigeria, West Africa.] (Lower T uronian / Cenomanian?) Genus Phalacropedina Lambert Upper Jurassic Hemipedina (Phalacropedina) somaliensis Currie, 1925:61-62, figs. 10, lOa-d, pi. 9: figs. 5a-b. [So¬ maliland, East Africa.] (Oxfordian-Corallian.) Genus Pseudorthopsis Sanchez Roig Upper Cretaceous Pseudorthopsis Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1949:9, 37. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says this spe¬ cies is Eocene, Brodermann (1949:312) cites the age as Upper Cretaceous.] Type-species: Echino- pedina cubensis Cotteau. Eocene P. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 137-138, pi. 1: fig. 5. [Cuba]. Genus Pseudopedina Cotteau Lower Jurassic P. atlantis Lambert, 1931b: 15, pi. 1: fig. 13. [North Africa.] (Domerian.) Genus Stenechinus Arnold and H. L. Clark Eocene Stenechinus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:13. Type- species: S. regularis Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:15-17, pi. 1: figs. 7-9. [Jamaica.] S. perplexus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:14-15, pi. 1: figs. 4-6. [Jamaica.] Family Uncertain Genus Farquharsonia Currie Middle Jurassic Farquharsonia Currie, 1927:416. Type-species: F. somaliensis Currie, 1927:416-420, figs. 3a-d. [So¬ maliland, East Africa.] (Callovian.) Order PYGASTEROIDA Durham and Melville Family PYGASTERIDAE Lambert Genus Pygaster J. L. R. Agassiz Lower Cretaceous P. gerthi Weaver, 1931:171-172, pi. 12: figs. 25-28. [Argentina.] (Aptian or Upper Barremian.) 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Middle Jurassic P. daguini Lambert, 1931b: 17-19, pi. 2: fig. 6. [North Africa.] (Lower Domerian.) P. joleaudi Besairie and Lambert in Lambert, 1933a: 10, pi. 2: fig. 7. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) P langanoides Agassiz ranvillensis Mercier, 1932: 213. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) P. lourdinensis Laube in Lambert, 1926b: 121-122, pi. 10: figs. 4a-b. [Switzerland.] (Lower Batho¬ nian.) P. microstoma Lambert, 1933b:54-55, pi. 3: fig. 12. [North Africa.] (Toaixian.) Genus Plesiechinus Pomel Lower Jurassic P. hawkinsi Jesionek-Szymanska, 1970:416-417, fig. 1A, pi. 1, pi. 2: figs. 1-2. [Nevada, U.S.A.] (Sun¬ rise Fm., Sinemurian.) Genus Serpianotiaris Jeannet Middle Triassic Miocidaris (Serpianotiaris) Jeannet, 1933a: 1. Type- species: M. (S.) hescheleri Jeannet, 1933a: 1-7, figs. 1-2, pi. 30: figs. 1-13. [Switzerland. Fell (Durham et al., 1966:U366a) placed this genus in “Order Uncertain’ and “Family Uncertain.” Kier (in ms.) considers it a miocidarid.] (Ladinian.) Superorder ECHINACEA Claus Order SALENIOIDA Delage and Herouard Family ACROSALENIIDAE Gregory Genus Acrosalenia L. Agassiz Middle Jurassic A. basseae Lambert, 1936c: 17-18, pi. 4: figs. 4-6. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) A. gananensis Stefanini, 1932:97-99, pi. 4: figs. 3a-f. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Inferior Oolite.) A. mathildae Lambert, 1935a:526-527, pi. 26: figs. 5-8. [France.] (Callovian.) A. microstoma Besairie, 1936:128, pi. 8: figs. 13-14. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Bathonian.) A. smelliei Currie, 1925:53-54, figs. 4a-b, pi. 8: figs. 5a-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Bathonian.) A. termieri Lambert, 1931b: 15-16, pi. L fig. 1L [North Africa.] (Bajocian, Inferior Oolite.) A. wylliei Currie, 1925:52-53, figs. 3a-b, pi. 8: figs. 4a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Bathonian.) Lower Jurassic A. somaliensis Currie, 1925:50-52, figs. 2a-c, pi. 8: figs. 2a-c, 3. [Somaliland, East Africa.] A. zararensis Lambert, 1937:56-57, pi. 1: figs. 12- 13. [Morocco.] (Pliensbachian.) Genus Eurysalenia Kier Upper Cretaceous Eurysalenia Kier, 1966a:A63. Type-species: E. min¬ ima Kier, 1966a: A63-65, fig. 17. [Wyoming, U.S.A.] (Upper Campanian or lower Maestrich- tian.) Genus Heterosalenia Cotteau Upper Jurassic H. suatensis Weber, 1934:47-48, 83-84, pi. 7: figs. 8a-c. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Sequanian.) Middle Jurassic H. alloiteaui Zoeke, 1952:249-252, figs. 1-2, pi. lib: figs. 1-3. [North Africa.] (Bathonian.) Genus Metacrosalenia Currie This genus is considered in the Treatise y Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U325), a subjective synonym of Heterosalenia Cotteau. Middle Jurassic Acrosalenia (Metacrosalenia) Currie, 1925:55. Type- species: Metacrosalenia pseudocidaroides Currie, 1925:55-56, figs. 5a-b, pi. 8: figs. 6a-b. [Somali- NUMBER 34 25 land, East Africa.] (Bathonian, in Currie (1927: 411).) A. (M.) quadrimiliaris Currie, 1927:414-415, figs. 2a-d. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Genus Polysalenia Mortensen Upper Cretaceous Polysalenia Mortensen, 1932a:490. Type-species: P. notabilis Mortensen, 1932a:491-494, figs. 17-22, pi. 4: figs. 1-3. [Sweden.] (Upper Senonian.) P cottaldi Mortensen, 1932a: 494-496, figs. 23-24, pi. 4: figs. 11-13. [Sweden.] (Upper Senonian.) Genus Recrosalenia Currie Middle Jurassic Recrosalenia Currie, 1925:47-48. Type-species: R. somaliensis Currie, 1925:48-50, fig. 1, pi. 8: figs, la-e. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Callovian or Bathonian.) R. migiurtina Maccagno, 1947c:90-92, pi. 1: fig. 5. [Harar, Ethiopia.] (Callovian or Bathonian.) Family SALENIIDAE L. Agassiz Subfamily SALENIINAE L. Agassiz Genus Salenia Gray Recent S. scrippsae Zullo, Kaar, Durham and Allison, 1964: 339-343, figs. 3A-B, 4C-D, 6D-G, pi. 56: figs. 1-3. [Chile.] ■S. sculpta Koehler, 1927:71-73, pi. 11: figs. 10-13, pi. 12: figs. 1, 2, 10, pi. 25: fig. 5. [Indian Ocean.] S. unicolor Mortensen, 1934a: 166. [Sagami Sea, Ja¬ pan.] Middle Miocene S. nipponica Morishita, 1965:64-66, figs. 1-4. [Japan.] Lower Miocene S. novemprovincialis Nisiyama, 1966:187-188, pi. 2: figs. 6-9. [Japan.] (Kakinoura Fm.) Lower Oligocene S. schencki Zullo, Kaar, Durham and Allison, 1964: 343-346, figs. 4B, 5, 6A-C, pi. 56: fig. 5. [Oregon, U.S.A.] Eocene S. persica Clegg, 1933:8-10, pi. 1: figs. 3a-d. [Persia, Iran.] Paleocene S. alta Hassan, 1969:18, pi. 1: figs. 9-10. [Kharga Oasis, Upper Egypt.] (Landanian.) Cretaceous S. pseudowhitneyi Ikins, 1940:65-66, pi. 4: figs. 5a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] S. scotti Ikins, 1940:66-67, pi. 5: figs. la-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] S. whitneyi Cannon in Ikins, 1940:68-69, pi. 5: figs. 3a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] Upper Cretaceous S. alcaldei Sanchez Roig, 1949:44, pi. 2: figs. 14—17. [Cuba.] (Maestrichtian.) S. hagenowi Nestler, 1965:989-991, figs. 8a-d, pi. 5: figs. la-c. [Riigen Island, Baltic Sea.] (Lower Maestrichtian.) S. hawkinsi Checchia-Rispoli, 1948:169-172, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. l-4a. [North Africa.] (Ceno¬ manian.) S. hondoensis Cooke, 1953:6, pi. 1: figs. 3-4. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Campanian.) S. intermedia Hassan, 1969:16-17, pi. 1: figs. 6-8. [Kharga Oasis, Upper Egypt.] (Upper Maestrich¬ tian.) S. lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1932a:6—11, fig. 3, pi. 2: figs. l-5a. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) S. lobosa Nestler, 1965:991-993, figs. 9a-c, pi. 5: figs. 2a-c. [Riigen Island, Baltic Sea.] (Lower Maestrichtian.) S. mathuri Chiplonker, 1937:61-62, pi. 6: figs. 3a-d. [India.] (Lower Cenomanian.) S. somaliensis Hawkins, 1935a:48-49, figs. 1-2, pi. 6: figs. 9a-b. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Upper Senonian?) 26 S. trigonopyga Lambert, 1933a: 13-14, pi. 1: figs. 25-27. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Turonian.) Lower Cretaceous S. cottreaui Lambert, 1931 c:63—64, fig. 3, pi. 3: figs. 2-4. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Neocomian.) S. dux Wright, 1967:17-19, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. la-d. [Southwestern England.] (Upper Albian.) S. kansasense Twenhofel, 1924:52, pi. 7: fig. 7. [Kansas, U.S.A.] (Comanche.) S. leanderensis Ikins, 1940:64-65, pi. 4: figs. 4a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) S. phillipsae Whitney and Kellum, 1966:249-250, pi. 1: figs. 4-6. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group. Aptian.) S. similis White lastroensis Maury, 1936:268-269. [Brazil.] (Middle Albian.) S. stenzeli Ikins, 1940:67-68, pi. 5: figs. 2a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) Upper Jurassic S. taurica Weber, 1934:59-60, 86, fig. 5, pi. 9: figs. 6a-d. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Sequanian.) Genus Salenocidaris A. Agassiz Recent S. brachygnatha Mortensen, 1934a: 166. [Off Ker- madec Islands, Southwest Central Pacific Ocean.] S. hastigera (A. Agassiz) var. acuminata Mortensen, 1934a: 166. [Malaysia.] S. incrassata Mortensen, 1934a: 166. [Gulf of To- mini, Celebes Island, Malaysia.] S. miliaris (A. Agassiz) var. indica Mortensen, 1939b:23-24, pi. 6: fig. 9. [Maidive Islands, off southern India, Indian Ocean.] S. profundi (Duncan) var. occlusa Mortensen, 1934a: 165. [Off Tristan da Cunha Island, South Atlantic Ocean.] Genus Salenidia Pomel Paleocene S. clanica Ravn, 1928:45-47, pi. 5: figs. 5a-c. [Den¬ mark.] (Danian.) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY S. karakachi Weber, 1934:61-62, 86, fig. 7, pi. 9: figs. 8a-g. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Danian.) S. selandica Ravn, 1928:48-49, pi. 5: figs. 6a-c. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous S. chabaudi Castex, 1947:30, pi. 1: figs. 16-19. [France.] (Maestrichtian.) S. scabra Nestler, 1965:987-989, figs. 7a-f, pi. 4: figs. 4-7. [Riigen Island, Baltic Sea.] (Lower Maestrichtian.) Genus Valsalenia Mortensen Paleocene Valsalenia Mortensen, 1934a: 165. Type-species: Salenia garumnensis Valette. [France.] (Lower Danian.) Upper Cretaceous V. marquassuzaai Castex, 1947:28-29, pi. 1: figs. 7-9. [France.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Peltastes L. Agassiz In the Treatise Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U379) consider Peltastes an objective syno¬ nym of Hyposalenia Desor. Paleocene P. ultimus Ravn, 1928:39-41, fig. 11, pi. 4: fig. 39. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Genus Goniophorus L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous G. scotti Lambert in Scott, 1926:185-186. [Texas, U.S.A. Further described and illustrated in Lam¬ bert, 1927a:268; in Adkins, 1928:278, pi. 12: fig. 8; in Cooke, 1946:202, pi. 31: figs. 8-9.] G. whitneyi Ikins, 1940:69-70, pi. 5: figs. 4a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) NUMBER 34 27 Order HEMICIDAROIDA Beurlen Family HEMICIDARIDAE Wright Genus Hemicidaris L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous H. palmirensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:34-35, pi. 1: figs. 8-9. [Cuba.] Lower Cretaceous H. villadai Maldonado-Koerdell, 1953:27-28, pi. 1: figs. 22-24. [Mexico.] (Aptian.) Upper Jurassic H. crenularis (Lamarck) var. alta Kongiel, 1957: 13-14, 47, 62-63, pi. 2: figs. 5-6. [Pomerania, on the Baltic Sea.] (Upper Kimmeridgian.) H. crenularis (Lamarck) var. major Lambert, 1933c: 177, pi. 7: fig. 12. [France.] (Rauracian.) H. pilleti Lambert, 1927c:365. [France.] (Tithonian.) H. sundancensis Miller, 1928:143-146, figs. 1-4. [Wyoming, U.S.A.] (Sundance Fm.) H. tithonica Lambert, 1927c:364, fig. 1. [France.] (Tithonian.) Middle Jurassic H. bihinensis Currie, 1925:59-60, fig. 8, pi. 9: figs. 3a-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Bathonian.) H. castillionensis Lambert, 1933c: 177, pi. 7: figs. 3-4. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) H. jaisalmerensis Sahni and Bhatnagar in Sahni, 1955:187. [Rajasthan, Northwest Indian Union.] (Callovian.) H. luciensis d’Orbigny var. hourcqi Lambert, 1936c: 17. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Batho¬ nian.) H. luciensis Cotteau oolithicus Mercier, 1932: 120-121, 166-167, fig. 19, pi. 4: figs. 6a-b. [France.] (Middle Bathonian.) Lower Jurassic H. termieri Lambert, 1931b: 13-14, pi. 1: figs. 7-12. [North Africa.] (Lower Domerian.) Genus Asterocidaris Cotteau Middle Jurassic A. besairiei Lambert, 1936c: 16, pi. 1: figs. 22-24. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) A. ragoti Lambert, 1936c: 15, pi. 4: figs. 11-13. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) Genus Gymnocidaris L. Agassiz Middle Jurassic G. gortanii Maccagno, 1947c:95-96, pi. 2: figs. 15, 15a-b. [Harar, Ethiopia.] (Bathonian/Callovian.) G. lamberti Mercier, 1932:162-163, pi. 3: figs. 8a-c. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) G. madagascariensis Lambert, 1936b: 118-119, pi. 6: figs. 13-16. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bajocian.) G. pustulosa Agassiz nuda Mercier, 1932:161, pi. 3: fig. 7. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) Genus Hessotiara Pomel Middle Jurassic H. zuberi Jeannet, 1953:176-177, pi. 1: figs. 1-5. [Switzerland.] (Lower Callovian.) Genus Heterodiadema Cotteau Upper Cretaceous H. libyca Desor asiatica Stefanini, 1928:164-166, pi. 19: figs. 4, 5, 6a-c, 7a-d, 8a-b. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] (Cenomanian.) H. libycum Desor var. nigeriense Lambert, 1938b: 87-89, pi. 6: figs. 9, 9a-b. [Niger territory, French West Africa.] (Upper Cenomanian.) Genus Pseudocidaris Etallon Lower Cretaceous P. simulans Nisiyama, 1950b:29-30, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Japan.] (Aptian/Albian.) 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Jurassic P. defilippii Stefanini, 1928:161-164, pi. 19: figs. 2a-e. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] P. gortanii Maccagno, 1947b: 121-122, fig. lc, pi. 1: fig. 8. [Somaliland, East Africa.] P. migliorinii Maccagno, 1947b: 118-120, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 7-7a. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Upper Jurassic P. tetragranulatus Currie, 1925:57-58, figs. 6a-b, pi. 8: figs. 7a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Kim- meridgian.) P. vogdti Weber, 1934:43-44, 83, pi. 7: figs. 3a-h. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Tithonian.) Middle Jurassic P. checchiai Maccagno, 1947c:92-95, pi. 1: figs. 6, 6a-b, pi. 2: figs. 13-13a. [Harar, Ethiopia.] (Bathonian/Callovian.) P. collignoni Lambert, 1936c: 13-14, pi. 1: figs. 12-16. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Bathonian.) P. levis Lambert, 1936c: 13, pi. 4: fig. 7. [Madagas¬ car, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) P. truncata Lambert, 1936c: 14, pi. 1: figs. 18-21. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Bathonian.) Lower Jurassic P. dubari Lambert, 1937:49, fig. 1, pi. 1: fig. 9. [Morocco.] (Lower Liassic.) P. leckwycki Lambert, 1937:50-51, pi. 4: figs. 8-9. [Morocco.] (Tithonian.) Genus Spherotiaris Lambert and Thiery Upper Jurassic S. vivaldii Besairie, 1930:197-198, pi. 11: figs. 4-7. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Callovian/ lower Lusitanian.) Middle Jurassic S. meandrina Agassiz var. nervosa Lambert, 1937: 52-53, pi. 4: fig. 11. [Morocco.] (Bajocian.) S. meandrina Agassiz var. termieri Lambert, 1937: 51-52, pi. 4: fig. 10. [Morocco.] (Upper Bajocian.) Lower Jurassic S. gignouxi Mercier, 1937c:24—25, pi. 1: figs. 17-18. [France.] (Domerian.) S. precincta Lambert, 1933b: 36, pi. 3: fig. 9. [North Africa.] (Domerian.) Family PSEUDODIADEMATIDAE Pomel Genus Pseudod iaderna Desor Lower Cretaceous P. elevatus Whitney and Kellum, 1966:254—256, pi. 2: figs. 7-9. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group. Aptian.) P. grangeri Maury, 1936:270-271, pi. 2: figs. 1-2. [Brazil.] (Middle Albian.) P. whitneyi Ikins, 1940:72-73, pi. 6: figs. la-c. [Texas, U.S.A. Cooke (1946:206) placed this spe¬ cies in Loriolia.] (Comanchean.) Upper Jurassic P. kselensis Devries, 1956b: 284-287, pis. 1-2. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Lusitanian.) Lower Jurassic P. amellagense Lambert, 1937:59-60, pi. 4: figs. 19-20. [Morocco.] (Upper Domerian to late Pliensbachian.) P. renzi Jeannet, 1928c:221; 1928d:461^462, pi. 36: figs. 12-14, 16-18. [Switzerland.] (Lower Toar- cian.) Upper Triassic P. silbinense Stefanini, 1923:51-55, pi. 5: figs, la-g, 2a-c. [Italy.] (Rhaetian.) Genus Acrocidaris L. Agassiz Lower Cretaceous A. arginejisis Weber, 1934:54, 85, pi. 8: figs. 6a-b. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Hauterivian.) NUMBER 34 29 Upper Jurassic A. borissiaki Weber, 1934:51-53, 84-85, pi. 8: figs. 3a-h. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Sequanian.) A. cazioti Lambert, 1926a:72-74, fig. 1. [France.] (Tithonian.) Middle Jurassic A. crenulata Mercier, 1935:29. [France.] (Bajocian.) Genus Diplopodia M’Coy Upper Cretaceous D. cretacica Sanchez Roig, 1949:35, pi. 1: figs. 10-11. [Cuba.] D. gigantea Checchia-Rispoli, 1945 [ 1943]: 88—89, pi. 1: figs. 5-6. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Ceno¬ manian.) D. gileadensis Blanckenhorn, 1925 [1924]:86, pi. 7: figs. 3a-b. [Palestine, Israel.] (Upper Ceno¬ manian.) D. inexspectata Checchia-Rispoli, 1943b:317-318, fig. 1. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenomanian.) Lower Cretaceous D. balkhanensis Vialov, 1930:876-879, 900, pi. 1: figs, la-b, 2. [Asiatic Russia.] (Upper Hauteriv- ian/lower Barremian.) D. balkhanensis Vialov var. aberans Vialov, 1930: 880-881, 900, pi. 1: figs. 3a-b, 4. [Asiatic Russia.] (Upper Hauterivian/lower Barremian.) D. elegans Corroy, 1925:315-316, pi. 4: figs. 22-24. [France.] (Hauterivian.) D. gentili Lambert, 1931c:27, pi. 2, fig. 1. [North Africa.] (Barremian.) D. kultchitskyi Vialov, 1930:881-883, 900-901, pi. 1: figs. 6a-c. [Asiatic Russia.] (Upper Hauteriv¬ ian.) D. langei Vialov, 1930:888-889, 901, pi. 1: figs. 8a-c. [Asiatic Russia.] (Upper Hauterivian.) D. renngarteni Vialov, 1930:883-885, 901, pi. 1: figs. 7a-b. [Asiatic Russia.] (Upper Hauterivian.) D. vassilievskyi Vialov, 1930:885-888, 901-902, pi. 2: figs. la-c. [Asiatic Russia.] (Upper Hauteriv¬ ian.) Genus Hypodiadema Desor Upper Jurassic Hemicidaris ( Hypodiadema) gregoryi Currie, 1925: 58-59, fig. 7, pi. 9: figs. 2a-d. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Corallian/Kimmeridgian.) H. (H.)' macfadyeni Currie, 1935a:44^f5, pi. 6: figs. 2a-d. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Bathonian / Argovian.) Lower Jurassic H. dubari Lambert, 1933b:39-40, fig. 1. [North Africa.] (Domerian.) Genus Loriolia Neumayr Upper Cretaceous L. clarki Cooke, 1946:206, pi. 31: figs. 13-14. [Texas, U.S.A. For Heterodiadema ornatum Clark, 1915.] (Washita Group.) Lower Cretaceous L. rosana Cooke, 1946:205-206, pi. 31: figs. 15-17. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group.) Middle Jurassic L. inaequalis Agassiz var. bathonica Mercier, 1932: 183-184, pi. 5: figs. 13a-b. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) Genus Pedinopsis Cotteau Lower Eocene P.(?) melo Kier, 1957b:845, figs, la-b, pi. 103: figs. 4-5. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Upper Auradu Series.) Lower Cretaceous P. engerrandi Ikins, 1940:62, pi. 4: figs. 2a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) P. texana Cooke, 1955:90-91, pi. 19: figs. 1-6. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Upper Albian.) 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY P. yarboroughi Ikins, 1940:62-63, pi. 4: figs. 3a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) Genus Polydiadema Lambert Eocene P.(?) joaquinensis Alex Clark in Grant and Hert- lein, 1938b: 17-18, pi. 15: figs. 8-9. [U.S.A.] (Sierra Blanca Stage.) Lower Cretaceous P. karakachi Weber, 1934:50-51, 84, pi. 8: figs. 2a-f. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Hauterivian.) Upper Cretaceous Leptarbacia andreui Sanchez Roig, 1949:35-36, pi. 2: figs. 1-2. [Cuba. See Fell and Pawson in the Treatise (Durham et al., 1966:U389). Leptarbacia Clark and Twitchell, 1915, is considered a syno¬ nym of Polydiadema Lambert.] Genus Polypedina Lambert In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U389) consider Polypedina a subjective syno¬ nym of Polydiadema Lambert. Lower Jurassic Polypedina Lambert, 1933b:46. Type-species: P. tounatensis Lambert, 1933b:46-47, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 6-7. [North Africa.] (Lower Domerian.) Genus Tetragramma L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous T. besairiei Lambert, 1933a: 13, pi. 1: figs. 23-24. [Madagascar, off east coast of Africa.] (Upper Turonian.) T. bosei Jones, 1938:130, pi. 12: figs. 6-7. [Mexico.] (Indidura Fm.) T. tafermense Lambert, 1931c:94-95, pi. 3: fig. 33. [Tunis.] (Cenomanian.) Lower Cretaceous T. cornueli Corroy, 1925:405-406, pi. 4: figs. 19-21. [France.] (Upper Barremian.) T. giganteum Lambert, 1935f:522—523, pi. 58: fig. 1. [Spain.] (Aptian.) T. hourcqi Collignon, 1950:7-8, pi. 1: figs. l-2b. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Albian.) Upper Jurassic T. pomeraniae Kongiel, 1957:20-22, 50-51, 65-67, pi. 4: figs. 1-3. [Pomerania, on Baltic Sea.] (Lower Kimmeridgian.) Middle Jurassic T. antsingyensis Lambert, 1936c: 19, pi. 1: figs. 28-30. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) Genus Trochotiara Lambert Upper Cretaceous T. russoi Lambert, 1931 c:27, pi. 1: figs. 20-21. [North Africa.] (Cenomanian.) Order PHYMOSOMATOIDA Mortensen Family PHYMOSOMATIDAE Pomel Genus Phymosoma Haime Eocene P. peloria Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:18-20, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica.] Upper Eocene P. conceptions Sanchez Roig, 1952c:3, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] P. dixie Cooke, 1941a: 17, pi. 2: fig. 15, pi. 4: figs. 1-2, 9. [U.S.A.] Middle Eocene P. gigantea Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 136, pi. 1: fig. 1. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 31 Paleocene P. subconicum Ravn, 1928:59-60, pi. 6: fig. 5. [Den¬ mark.] (Danian.) P. trinitensis Cooke, 1961:10-11, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Trinidad, Caribbean Ocean.] Cretaceous P. bybeei Ikins, 1940:71-72, pi. 5: figs. 5a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] Upper Cretaceous P. mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli, 1932a: 11-15, figs. 4-6, pi. 2: figs. 7-19. [North Africa.] (Maestrich- tian.) P. paronai Checchia-Rispoli, 1933b: 11-14, figs. 5-7, pi. 2: figs. 4-7. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) P. raguini Lambert, 1931c:28-29, pi. 1: figs. 22-23. [North Africa.] (Cenomanian.) P. riograndensis Maury, 1925:508-509, pi. 24: figs. 11-12. [Brazil.] P. solignaci Lambert, 1931c:95, pi. 4: figs. 1-3. [North Africa.] (Santonian.) P. tinocoi Marchesini Santos, 1960:18-20, fig. 4, pi. 5: figs. 1-3. [Brazil.] (Turonian.) P. unicarinatum Lambert, 1933b:66, pi. 3: figs. 10-11. [North Africa.] (Santonian.) Upper Jurassic P. cadenati Castex, 1947:27-28, pi. 1: figs. 10-15. [France.] (Upper Sequanian.) Genus Cyphosoma L. Agassiz In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U395) consider Cyphosoma a synonym of Phymosoma Haime. Upper Cretaceous C. palaestinense Blanckenhorn, 1925 [1924]:87-88, pi. 7: figs. 4-6. [Palestine, Israel.] (Upper Tur- onian/lower Santonian.) C. riograndensis Maury var. parahybensis Maury, 1930:112-115, pi. 5: figs. 3, 5. [Brazil.] (Maes¬ trichtian.) Lower Cretaceous C. sanctaeluciae Maury, 1936:266-267, pi. 4: figs. 4-5. [Brazil.] (Middle Albian.) Genus Dixieus Cooke Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U396), in the Treatise, consider Dixieus a subjective synonym of Phymosoma Haime. Upper Eocene Dixieus Cooke, 1948:606-607. Type-species: Phy¬ mosoma dixie Cooke. [North America.] Genus Gauthieria Lambert Paleocene G.(?) parva Kongiel, 1936a:2-3, 8. [Poland.] (Lower Siwak. Danian.) Upper Cretaceous G. sadeki Lambert, 193Id: 191, pi. 5: figs. 46-47. [Egypt.] (Cenomanian.) Genus Glyptocidaris A. Agassiz Lower Pliocene G. crenularis A. Agassiz stenozona Nisiyama, 1966: 194- 195, pi. 2: figs. 10-11. [Japan.] (Kurotaki Fm.) Subgenus Glyptocidaris ( Eoglyptocidaris) Nisiyama Oligocene/Eocene Glyptocidaris (Eoglyptocidaris ) Nisiyama, 1966: 195- 196. Type-species: G. (£.) arctina Nisiyama, 1966:196-197, fig. 7, pi. 3: figs. 5-7. [Japan.] (Paronai Fm.) Genus Jacquiertia Mercier Lower Jurassic Jacquiertia Mercier, 1937a:419-420. Type-species: Hemipedina paruula Tornquist. (Toarcian.) 32 Mortensen and Mercier (1939) determined that the specimen Mercier identified as Hemipedina parvula Tornquist and for which he erected his genus Jacquiertia does not really belong to this spe¬ cies. Tornquist’s species has perforate tubercles, whereas Mercier’s has imperforate tubercles. There¬ fore, they erected a new species Jacquiertia minuta Mortensen and Mercier, and considered it the type- species of Jacquiertia. In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:11400) likewise con¬ sider /. minuta as the type-species of Jacquiertia; however, because Mercier in his original descrip¬ tion of Jacquiertia designated Hemipedina parvula Tornquist as the type-species, it remains the type- species regardless of the identity of the particular specimens upon which Mercier based his generic description. If the type specimens of Hemipedina parvula Tornquist belong to Eodiadema as sug¬ gested by Mortensen (1940b: 177), then Jacquiertia is a subjective synonym of Eodiadema. If the type specimens of Jacquiertia minuta Mortensen and Mercier is generically distinct, then a new genus must be erected for this species. /. minuta Mortensen and Mercier, 1939:59-61, figs. 1-2. [France.] (Charmouthien.) Genus Narindechinus Lambert Middle Eocene Narindechinus Lambert, 1933a:30—31. Type-species: N. checchiai Lambert, 1933a:31, fig. 3, pi. 1: figs. 29-30. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lutetian.) Genus Polyplacidia Poretskaya Eocene Polyplacidia Poretskaya, 1968a:287-289. Type- species: P. armenica Poretskaya, 1968a:290-293, figs. 1-6, pi. 1: figs, la-b, pi. 2: figs. la-c. [Armenia, U.S.S.R.] Genus Porosoma Cotteau Eocene P. kahleri Collignon, 1930:544-546, pi. 31: figs. 1, la-b. [Austria.] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY P. lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1950b:22-24, pi. L figs. 1-lb. [East Africa, Migiurtinia, Northeast Somalia.] Middle Eocene P. lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1950a [1945-1946]: 22-24, pi. 1: figs. 1, la-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Upper Cretaceous P. batalleri Lambert, 1933d: 185-186, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 10-13. [Spain.] (Maestrichtian.) P. reesidei Cooke, 1953:6-7, pi. 1: figs. 5-8. [Wyo¬ ming, U.S.A.] (Coniacian.) Genus Rachiosoma Pomel Paleocene R. krimica Weber, 1934:64, 86-87, pi. 10: figs. 3a-c. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Danian.) R. pulaviense Kongiel, 1939:27-29, pi. 3: figs. 7-10. [Poland.] (Lower to middle Danian.) Upper Cretaceous R. cottreaui Lambert, 1936c:24, pi. 2: figs. 16-17. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) R. hondoensis Cooke, 1953:8-9, pi. 3: figs. 4-5. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) R. stagnorum Lambert, 1931 c:69, pi. 3: figs. 12-13. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Cenomanian.) Subgenus Rachiosoma ( Rosadosoma) Marchesini Santos Cretaceous R. (Rosadosoma ) Marchesini Santos, 1960:13-14. [For type Phymosoma riograndensis Maury.] Genus Winkleria Engel Engel provisionally refers this genus to the Phymo- somatidae. NUMBER 34 33 Upper Cretaceous Winkleria Engel, 1964b:207. Type-species: W. maastrichtensis Engel, 1964b:207-210, figs. 1-4, pi. 1: figs. 1-10. [Netherlands.] {Maestrichtian.) Genus Thylechinus Pomel Oligocene T. sethuramae Vredenburg, 1922:414, pi. 30: fig. 3. [Burma.] Upper Eocene T. humei Lambert, 1931 d: 198, pi. 5: figs. 5-7. [Egypt.] (Priabonian?) Lower Eocene T. chardoni Lambert and Roch in Lambert, 1937: 83-85, pi. 3: figs. 1-5. [Morocco.] T. dubari Lambert, 1937:85, pi. 4: figs. 24-25. [Morocco.] Subgenus Thylechinus (Egyptechinus ) Lambert The subgenus Egyptechinus Lambert is considered by Fell and Pawson (Durham et al„ 1966:U403) a synonym of Thylechinus (Mistechinus ) de Loriol. Middle Eocene Thylechinus (Egyptechinus) Lambert, I935e:41. Type-species: by monotypy Egyptechinus cuvil- lieri Lambert, 1935e:41, pi. 1: figs. 4-6. [Egypt.] (Upper Lutetian.) Family STOMECHINIDAE Pomel Genus Stomechinus Desor Jurassic S. daguini Lambert, 1933b:50-51, pi. 1: fig. 21, pi. 3: fig. 5. [North Africa.] Upper Jurassic S. pulchellus Frenguelli, 1944:1-11, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Argentina.] (Tithonian.) Middle Jurassic S. bajocensis Lambert and Jeannet, 1928b: 170. [France.] (Bajocian.) S. lemoinei Lambert, 193Id: 180—181, pi. 5: figs. 39- 40. [Egypt.] (Bathonian.) S. magnicornicolus Cooke, 1947:473-475, figs. 1-6. [U.S.A.] (Bajocian.) S. polyporus Agassiz nanus Mercier, 1932:198, pi. 6: fig. 6. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) Genus Circopeltis Pomel Upper Cretaceous S. senessei Lambert in Lambert and Valette, 1934: 50-51, pi. 6: figs. 11-12. [France.] (Coniacian.) Genus Diplechinus Lambert Lower Jurassic Diplechinus Lambert, 1931b: 15-16. Type-species: D. hebbriensis Lambert, 1931b: 16-17, pi. 1: figs. 14—15. [North Africa, Morocco.] (Lower Domer- ian.) Genus Echinotiara Pomel Upper Cretaceous E. perebaskinei Lambert in Lambert and Perebas- kine, 1929:472-474, pi. 38: figs. 1-5. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) Middle Jurassic E. somaliensis Currie, 1927:420—422, figs. 4a-f. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Bathonian.) Lower Jurassic E. arabica Melville, 1955:393-401, figs. 1-7, pi. 19: figs. la-5b. [Arabia.] (Lower Toarcian.) 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Gomphechinus Pomel Upper Cretaceous G. collignoni Lambert, 1933a: 15, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Madagascar, off east coast of Africa.] (Maestrich- tian.) Genus Jeannetia Mercier Lower Jurassic Jeannetia Mercier, 1937a:421-422. Type-species: J. mortenseni Mercier, 1937a:422-424, fig. 2. [France.] (Hettangian.) Genus Parastomechinus Philip In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U404) consider Parastomechinus a synonym of Jeannetia Mercier. Middle Jurassic Parastomechinus Philip, 1963c: 1111-1112. Type- species: P. brightoni Philip, 1963c: 1112-1115, figs. 1-3, 5. [Wyoming, U.S.A.] (Twin Creek Fm. Bajocian/Callovian.) Genus Noetlingaster Vredenburg Upper Cretaceous N. globulus Devries, 1967:173-174, pi. 1: figs. 7-9, pi. 2: figs. 10-13, pi. 4: figs. 6-11. [Turkey.] N. hemisphaericus Devries, 1967:174-175, pi. 1: figs. 3, 6, 9, pi. 2: figs. 14-16, pi. 4: figs. 12-14. [Turkey.] N. lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1930b:20, figs. 12-14, pi. 1: fig. 2, pi. 3: fig. 1, pi. 4: fig. 1. [Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) N. millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli, 1930b: 14, figs. 6-11, pi. 2: figs. 3-4. [Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) N. sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1930b:6, figs. 1-5, pi. 1: fig. 1, pi. 3: fig. 2, pi. 4: fig. 2. [Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Phymotaxis Lambert and Thiery Upper Oligocene/Upper Eocene P. mansfieldi Cooke, 1941a: 18, pi. 3: figs. 12-13, pi. 4: figs. 6-8. [U.S.A.] Genus Polycyphus L. Agassiz and Desor Jurassic P. rimuensis Stefanini, 1928:169-172, pi. 19: figs. 3a-g. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] Middle Jurassic P. hourcqi Lambert, I936c:20, pi. 1: figs. 31-32. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bathonian.) Genus Psephechinus Pomel Jurassic P. globosus Lambert, 1931c: 18-19, pi. 1: figs.: 14-16. [North Africa.] Middle Jurassic P mazetieri Mercier, 1932:201-202, fig. 13, pi. 7: fig. 2. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) P. newtoni Lambert, 1933a: 10. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) Lower Jurassic P. renzi Jeannet, 1928c:221; 1928d:462-463, pi. 36: figs. 10-11, 15. [Corfu Island, in Ionian Sea off northwest Greece.] (Lower Toarcian to upper Malm.) Genus Stomopneustes L. Agassiz Oligocene S. pristinus Jackson, 1937:229-230, pi. 12: fig. 1. [Mexico.] NUMBER 34 35 Upper Eocene S. antiquus Nisiyama, 1966:199-201, pi. 2: figs. 14-17, pi. 3: figs. 1-4. [Japan.] (Lutetian.) Genus Tiarechinopsis Lambert Middle Jurassic Tiarechinopsis Lambert, 1936b: 119. Type-species: T. besairiei Lambert, 1936b: 120, pi. 6: figs. 17-21. [Madagascar, oft East Africa.] (Bajocian.) Genus Triadechinus Arnold and H. L. Clark Eocene Triadechinus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:20-21. Type-species: T. multiporus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:21-22, pi. 1: figs. 10-11. [Jamaica, Caribbean Sea.] Genus Leiosoma Cotteau In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U408) consider Leiosoma an objective syno¬ nym of Trochalosoma. Eocene L. chondra Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:17-18, pi. 2: figs. 4-6. [Jamaica, Caribbean Sea.] Upper Eocene L. guadalupense Sanchez Roig, 1949:48-49, pi. 2: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] (Although Roig considers it to be Eocene, Brodermann (1949:324) says it is Upper Eocene.) Family Uncertain Genus Boletechinus Cooke Upper Cretaceous B. mcglameryae Cooke, 1955:93, fig. 4, pi. 28: figs. 11-16. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) Order ARBACIOIDA Gregory Family ARBACIIDAE Gray Genus Arbacia Gray Pliocene A. rivuli Cooke, 1941a: 10-11, pi. 1: figs. 4-6. [U.S.A.] (Waccamaw Fm.) A. waccamaw Cooke, 1941a: 10, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [U.S.A.] (Waccamaw Fm.) Upper Miocene A. crenulata Kier, 1963:11-15, figs. 3-7, pi. 1: figs. 1-5. [Florida, U.S.A.] (Tamiami Fm.) Genus Arbia Cooke Upper Oligocene Arbia Cooke, 1948:606. Type-species: Coelopleurus aldrichi W. B. Clark. [Alabama, U.S.A.] Genus Atopechinus Thiery Middle Jurassic Atopechinus Thiery in Thiery, Lambert and Col- lignon, 1928:100-101. Type-species: A. cellensis Thiery in Thiery, Lambert and Collignon, 1928: 100-101, pi. 31: fig. 16. [France.] (Bathonian.) Genus Baueria Noetling Paleocene B. tessieri Roman and Debant, 1962a:245; 1962b: 591-593, fig. 1, pi. 22b. [Senegal, West Africa.] (Lower Danian.) Genus Codiopsis L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous C. doma Desmarets var. conicus Smiser, 1935b:34, pi. 2: fig. 10. [Belgium.] (Cenomanian.) 36 C. douvillei Vidal, 1921:9, pi. 2: fig. 5, pi. 4: fig. 9. [Spain.] (Santonian.) C. fontei Vidal, 1921:10, pi. 1: figs. 20-22. [Spain.] (Maestrichtian.) C. pierrensis Smiser, 1935b:35-36, pi. 3: figs. 2a-h. [Belgium.] (Maestrichtian.) C. senessei Lambert in Lambert and Valette, 1934: 52-53, pi. 6: figs. 13-15. [France.] (Upper Tu- ronian to Coniacian.) C. stephensoni Cooke, 1953:8, pi. 1: figs. 9-11. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous C. sellardsi Ikins, 1940:60-61, pi- 4: figs. la-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) Genus Coelopleurus L. Agassiz Recent C. granulatus Mortensen, 1934a: 167. [Japan, Bay of Ambon.] C. undulatus Mortensen, 1934a: 166-167. [Sagami Sea, Japan.] C. undulatus Mortensen var. polymorphus Morten¬ sen, 1934a: 167. [Korea Strait, Japan.] C. undulatus Mortensen var. ruber Mortensen, 1934a: 167. [Macclesfield Bank, Malaysia.] C. vittatus Koehler, 1927:64-70, pi. 10: figs. 2, 5-7, 10, pi. 25: fig. 6, pi. 26: fig. 1. [Indian Ocean.] Miocene C. singularis Nisiyama, 1966:205-206, pi. 1: figs. 21-23. [Japan.] (Shirahama Fm.) Lower Miocene C. melitensis Zammit-Maempel, 1969:42-46, fig. 1, pi. 6. [Malta.] Upper Eocene C. carolinensis Cooke, 1941a:9, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [U.S.A.] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Cretaceous C. castroi Maury, 1930:114-117, pi. 5: fig. 4. [Brazil.] (Campanian.) Genus Cotteaudia Lambert and Thiery Lower Cretaceous C. royoi Lambert, 1928a: 149-153, pi. 3: figs. 1—5. [Spain.] (Aptian.) Genus Murravechinus Philip Miocene Murravechinus Philip, 1965:183-186. Type-species: Coelopleurus paucituberculatus Gregory. [South¬ east Australia.] Genus Glypticus L. Agassiz Upper Jurassic G. buxtorfi Koechlin, 1947:83; 1948:334-336, figs. 1-2. [Switzerland.] (Upper Sequanian.) Genus Goniopygus L. Agassiz Cretaceous G. ameri Lambert, 1931e:301, pi. 17: fig. 16. [West Indies, Cuba.] G. sanchezi Lambert, I931e:300-301, pi. 17: figs. 17-18. [Cuba, West Indies.] Upper Cretaceous G. coutini Lambert, 1931c:29, pi. 1: figs. 24-25. [North Africa.] G. cubanus Sanchez Roig, 1952c:2-3, pi. 1: fig. 9. [Cuba.] G. jeanneti Sanchez Roig, 1949:54-55, pi. 2: figs. 7-8. [Cuba.] G. lamberti Kuhn, 1925:178-179, 186-187, fig. 1, pi. 11: fig. 1. [Austria.] (Upper Santonian.) G. lemoinei Lambert, 1933a: 16, pi. 2: figs. 4-6. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Turonian.) G. madrugensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:53-54, pi. 2: figs. 11-12. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 37 G. supremus Hawkins, 1924:313-316, pi. 18: figs. 1-2. [Jamaica, West Indies.] (Cenomanian-Tu- ronian.) Lower Cretaceous G. atavus Nisiyama, 1950b:30-32, pi. 4: figs. 3-4. [Japan.] (Aptian/Albian.) G. bolaensis Jones, 1938:132, pi. 13: figs. 5-6, 8. [Mexico.] (Aurora Fm.) G. royoi Lambert, 1928a: 155-157, fig. 1. [Spain.] (Aptian.) G. stocktonensis Smiser, 1936:459, pi. 62: figs. 7, 16. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) G. zitteli Clark telostocensis Maldonado-Koerdell, 1953:38-39, pi. 2: figs. 38-40. [Mexico.] (Aptian.) Subgenus Tetragoniopygus Fell and Pawson Paleocene-Cretaceous G. (Tetragoniopygus) Fell and Pawson in Durham et al., 1966:U412, fig. 306(4). [Europe, North America, Caribbean.] Type-species: Goniopygus supremus Hawkins. Genus Magnosia Michelin Upper Jurassic M. cottreaui Lambert, 193Id: 182, pi. 5: figs. 41-42. [Egypt-] Middle Jurassic M. jacobi Mercier, 1932:207-208, pi. 7: fig. 8. [France.] (Middle Bathonian.) M. mortenseni Lambert, 1936c:20, pi. 1: figs. 33-34. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) M. termieri Lambert, 1931c: 19-20, pi. 1: figs. 17- 18. [North Africa.] (Vesulian, Middle Bathonian*) Order TEMNOPLEUROIDA Mortensen Family GLYPHOCYPHIDAE Duncan Genus Ambipleurus Lambert Upper Eocene Ambipleurus Lambert, 193 Id: 198. Type-species: Dictyopleurus douvillei Lambert. [Europe, Egypt, West Pakistan.] (Priabonian.) Lower Eocene A. rotundatus Kier, 1957b:847, figs, le-g, pi. 103: fig. 9. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Upper Auradu Series.) Genus Medocechinus Jeannet Upper Eocene Medocechinus Jeannet, 1935b:559—560; 1936:3. Type-species: M. fabrei Jeannet, 1935b:559-560; 1936:3, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 1-3, pi. 2: figs. 1-4. [France.] (Upper Lutetian.) M. castexi Jeannet, 1936a:7-9, figs. 6-10, pi. 1: figs. 8-10. [France.] (Upper Lutetian.) M. daguini Jeannet, 1936a:5-7, figs. 3-5, pi. 1: figs. 4-7, pi. 2: figs. 10-12. [France.] (Upper Lutetian.) Genus Arachniopleurus Duncan and Sladen Middle Eocene A. istrianus Innocenti, 1924:43-44, pi. 2: figs. 7-10. [Istria (Peninsula), Yugoslavia.] Genus Dictyopleurus Duncan and Sladen Upper Eocene D. duncani Lambert, 193Id: 198. [India.] D. douvillei Lambert, 193Id: 197—198, pi. 5: figs. 1-4. [Egypt.] (Priabonian.) Genus Echinopsis L. Agassiz Lower Eocene E. friryi Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936: 346-348, pi. 21: figs. 6-8. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. jacqueti Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936: 348, pi. 21: fig. 9. [Senegal, West Africa.] Genus Hebertia Michelin In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et ah, 1966:U416) consider Hebertia a subjective synonym of Echinopsis L. Agassiz. 38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Oligocene H. jacksoni Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1949:39-40, pi. 2: figs. 9-10. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene H. simplex Hawkins, 1924:317-318, pi. 18: figs. 4-5. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Upper Cretaceous H. calvachei Sanchez Roig, 1949:40, pi. 3: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] H. pentagona Sanchez Roig, 1949:40-41, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Cuba. Erroneously referred elsewhere in text (page 40 and plate explanation) to “Pseu- dorthosis”.] Genus Hemidiadema L. Agassiz Middle Jurassic H. mortenseni Maccagno, 1947b: 116-118, pi. 1: figs. 6, 6a-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Callovian- Oxfordian.) Genus Radiocyphus Cotteau Eocene R. hungaricus Thirring, 1936:58-59, pi. 2: fig. 15. [Hungary.] Family TEMNOPLEURIDAE A. Agassiz Genus Temnopleurus L. Agassiz Recent T. australis H. L. Clark, 1928:458-461, fig. 138. [South Australia.] T. hardwickii (Gray) var. impressus Mortensen, 1942:226. [Gulf of Tschili, China.] T. michaelseni (Doderlein) var. viridis H. L. Clark, 1938:382. [Western Australia.] M iocene / Pliocene T. iranicus Douglas, 1928:11-12, pi. 12: fig. 11- [Persia (Iran).] (Upper Fars Fm.) Miocene T. latidunensis Clegg, 1933:18-19, pi. 2: figs. 5a-c. [Persian Gulf.] T. persica Clegg, 1933:21-23, fig. 2, pi. 2: figs. 7a-d. [Persia (Iran).] T. sundaicus Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:19-22, figs. 4-6, pi. 1: figs. 29-34, pi. 3: figs. 3-10. [Java, Indonesia.] Genus Prymnechinus Koehler In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U418) consider Prymnechinus a subjective synonym of Temnopleurus L. Agassiz. Recent Prymnechinus Koehler, 1927:109. Type-species: P. proctalis Koehler, 1927:110-112, pi. 17: figs. 11- 12, 14. [Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean.] Genus Coptopleura Ikeda In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U418) consider Coptopleura a subjective syn¬ onym of Temnopleurus (Toreumatica) Gray. Recent Coptopleura Ikeda, 1940:93. Type-species: C. sema Ikeda, 1940:93-96, pi. 6: figs. 1-5. [Malaysia, Southeast Asia.] Genus Amblypneustes L. Agassiz Recent A. pallidus (Lamarck) var. subglobosus Mortensen, 1942:227. [Southwest Australia.] NUMBER 34 39 Upper Oligocene A. corrali Lambert and Roig in Sinchez Roig, 1949:46, pi. 2: fig. 13. [Cuba.] Genus Arbacina Pomel Oligocene A. blancheti Lambert in Castex, 1930:17-18, pi. 1, figs. 2-4. [France.] Genus Asaphechinus Philip Miocene Asaphechinus Philip, 1969:240-242. Type-species: A. murrayensis Philip, 1969:242-243, figs. 2a-c, 2e-g, pi. 5: figs. 1-4, 6, 7, pi. 12: fig. 5. [South¬ east Australia.] (Lonfordian.) Pliocene /Miocene A. singletoni Philip, 1969:244-247, figs. 3a, 3b, 3d, 3f, 3h, 3i, pi. 6: figs. 1-4, 8-12, pi. 12: figs. 3, 4, 7, pi. 13: fig. 4. [Southeast Australia.] (Chelten- hamian.) Miocene A. princeps Philip, 1969:243-244, figs. 3c, 3e, 3g, pi. 5: figs. 8-10, pi. 12: fig. 5, pi. 14: figs. 1-3. [Southeastern Australia.] (Lonfordian.) Oligocene A. tasmanensis Philip, 1969:247-248, figs. 8g-i, pi. 6: figs. 5-7, pi. 15: fig. 2. [Southeast Australia.] (Janjukian.) Genus Asterechinus Mortensen Recent Asterechinus Mortensen, 1942:228. Type-species. A. elegans Mortensen, 1942:228. [Malaysia, off Ad¬ miralty Island, West Pacific Ocean.] Genus Brochopleurus Fourtau Miocene/Lower Pliocene B. pulcherrimus Nisiyama, 1966:237-238, pi. 5: figs. 12-15, pi. 6: figs. 4-5. [Japan.] (Komayama Fm.) Upper Oligocene/Lower Miocene B. australiae Fell, 1949:17-19, pi. 1. [Australia.] (Janjukian.) Genus Cryptechinus Philip Middle Miocene Cryptechinus Philip, 1969:236-237. Type-species: Psammechinus (?) humilior Bittner. Genus Javanechinus Jeannet In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U418) consider Javanechinus a synonym of Desmechinus H. L. Clark. Miocene Javanechinus Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:49-50. Type-species: J. rembangensis Jean¬ net in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:50-51, figs. 65a, 66-68, pi. 2: figs. 35-37, pi. 4: figs. 17-18. [Java, Indonesia.] J. erbi Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:51— 53, figs. 65b, 69-72, pi. 2: figs. 38-40, pi. 4: figs. 19-20. [Java, Indonesia.] Genus Erbechinus Jeannet Pliocene Erbechinus Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935: 16. Type-species: E. erbi Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:16-18, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 23-28, pi. 33: figs. 1-2. [Java, Indonesia.] Miocene E. gratus Nisiyama, 1966:234—235, fig. 19, pi. 5: figs. 5-8. [Japan.] (Shirahama Fm.) 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Genocidaris A. Agassiz Recent G. incerta H. L. Clark, 1928:457-458, fig. 137. [South Australia.) G. splendens Mortensen, 1927c: 28-29, figs. 3-9, pi. 2: figs. 3-4. [Canary Islands, off Northwest Afri¬ can coast.] Genus Grammechinus Duncan and Sladen Miocene / Oligocene G. meridionalis Philip, 1969:249-250, fig. 2h, pi. 4: figs. 10-13, pi. 14: figs. 5-6. [Southeast Australia.] (J anj ukian-Batesfordian.] Genus Graphepleurus H. L. Clark Miocene Graphepleurus H. L. Clark, 1945:315. Type-species: G. granularis H. L. Clark, 1945:315-317, pi. 41: figs. F-G. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] Genus Irenechinus Fell Lower Miocene Irenechinus Fell, 1963a:211. Type-species: I. hentyi Fell, 1963a:211—213, pi. 1 (pt.). [Victoria, Aus¬ tralia.] Genus Lamprechinus Doderlein Recent L. sculptus Mortensen, 1942:229. [Japan.] L. sculptus Mortensen var. hawaiiensis Mortensen, 1942:229. [Polynesian Seas, Hawaii.] Genus Martinechinus Jeannet Pleistocene-Pliocene Martinechinus Jeannet in Jeannet and Martin, 1937:232. Type-species: M. molengraaffi Jeannet in Jeannet and Martin, 1937:233-234, figs. 9a-e. [Timor, South Malay Archipelago.] Genus Mespilia Desor Recent M. globulus (Linne) var. albida H. L. Clark, 1925a: 93-94. [Locality unknown.] Genus Microcyphus L. Agassiz Recent M. ceylanicus Mortensen, 1942:227. [Ceylon and Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, Indo-Pacific Ocean.] M. excentricus Mortensen, 1940a:46-47; 1943a: 161— 163, fig. 86, pi. 17: figs. 22-24. [Malaysia.] M. keiensis Mortensen, 1942:227. [Kei Islands, Ma¬ laysia.] M. maculatus L. Agassiz var. godeffroyi Mortensen, 1942:226. [Tonga, Society Islands?, Polynesian Seas.] M. pulchellus H. L. Clark, 1928:462-463, fig. 139. [South Australia.] M. rousseaui L. Agassiz var. purpuratus Mortensen, 1942:227. [Zanzibar, East Africa.] Miocene M. javanus Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935: 45-47, figs. 56-59, pi. 2: figs. 19-23. [Java, Indo¬ nesia.] M. javanus Jeannet var. inornata Jeannet in Lam¬ bert and Jeannet, 1935:47, fig. 60, pi. 2: figs. 24- 26. [Java, Indonesia.] M. melo Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935: 47-49, figs. 61-64, pi. 2: figs. 27-29, 32-34. [Java, Indonesia.] Genus Opechinus Desor Recent O. albus Mortensen, 1942:228. [Kei Islands, Malay¬ sia.] O. albus Mortensen var. virescens Mortensen, 1942: 228. [Off Jolo Island, Malaysia.] NUMBER 34 41 Miocene O. cheribonensis Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:25-27, figs. 7-9, pi. 1: figs. 37-43, pi. 3: figs. 11-13. [Java, Indonesia.] O. collignoni Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:27-29, figs. 10-13, pi. 1: figs. 53-54. [Java, Indonesia.] O. madurae Jeannet in Jeannet and Martin, 1937: 228-230, figs. 7-8d. [Dutch East Indies, West Pacific Ocean.] (Jung.) Genus Pseudopechinus Lambert and Thiery In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U423) consider Pseudopechinus an objective synonym of Opechinus Desor. Tertiary Opechinus (Pseudopechinus) lamberti Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:31-34, figs. 19-26, pi. 1: figs. 47-52, pi. 3: fig. 16, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Java, Indonesia.] (Probably Pliocene.) O. (P.) lorioli Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:29-31, figs. 14-18, pi. 1: figs. 45-46, pi. 3: figs. 14-15. [Java, Indonesia.] (Probably Pliocene.) Miocene O. (P.) percultus Desor var. oligoporus Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937:232. [Dutch East In¬ dies, West Pacific Ocean.] (Jung.) Genus Ortholophus Duncan In the Treatise Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U424) consider Ortholophus a subjective syn¬ onym of Paradoxechinus Laube. Middle Miocene O. morganensis Philip, 1969:255-257, figs. 6a-b, 6h, pi. 7: figs. 1-13. [Southeast Australia.] (Morgan Ls., Batesfordian or Balcombian.) O. venustus Philip, 1969:259-260, figs. 6d, 6f, 6g, pi. 9: figs. 1-7, 9, 11-14. [Southeast Australia.] (Batesfordian / Longfordian.) Upper Eocene O. bittneri Philip, 1969:253-255, figs. 6c, 6e, 6i-j, pi. 11: figs. 13-21, pi. 13: figs. 2-3, 5-7. [South¬ east Australia. New name for O. (orig. Coptechi- nus) lineatus (Bittner, 1892) not O. lineatus Dun¬ can, 1877).] (Tortachilla Ls.) Genus Paratrema Koehler Recent Paratrema Koehler, 1927:90-91. Type-species: Pleu- rechinus doederleini Mortensen. [Andaman Is¬ lands, Bay of Bengal, Indo-Pacific Ocean.] Genus Printechinus Koehler Recent Printechinus Koehler, 1927:97-98. Type-species: P. impressus Koehler, 1927:98-103, pi. 15: figs. 3-11, pi. 27: fig. 2. [Indian Ocean.] P. viridis Mortensen, 1942:228. [Malaysia, East of Sumatra.] Pliocene P. javanus Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:23-24, pi. 1: figs. 35-36, pi. 4: figs. 9-10. [Java, Indonesia.] (Couches de Tremboel.) Genus Prionechinus A. Agassiz Middle Miocene P. salomacensis Lambert, 1928b:88, figs. 5—6. [France.] (Helvetian.) Lower Miocene P. duvergieri Lambert, 1928b:86-87, figs. 3-4. [France.] (Langhian/Burdigalian.) Genus Pseudechinus Mortensen Recent P. hesperus H. L. Clark, 1938:395-397, fig. 35, pi. 27: fig. 1. [Western Australia.] 42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Recent/ Pleistocene P. flemingi Fell, 1958:36, pi. 3: figs. A, B, pi. 5: fig. a. [South and East New Zealand.] Genus Notechinus Doderlein In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:11425) consider Notechinus a subjective syn¬ onym of Pseudechinus. Recent N. marionis Mortensen, 1936a:221-223, fig. 1, pi. 2: figs. 5-10, pi. 9: figs. 1-4. [Southern Ocean, off Marion Island.] Pseudechinus (Notechinus) sanctipauli Dollfus, 1946:160-178, figs. 1-16, pis. 3-4. [Southern Ocean.] Genus Pseudodicoptella Jeannet Pliocene Dicoptella (Pseudodicoptella) Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:44. Type-species: D. (P.) reich- eli Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:44-45, figs. 54-55, pi. 1: fig. 22, pi. 4: figs. 11-13. [Dutch East Indies.] Genus Salmaciella Mortensen Recent Salmaciella Mortensen, 1942:226. Type-species: Sal- macis dussumieri L. Agassiz. [Western-Indo- Pacific.] Genus Salmacis L. Agassiz Recent S. belli Doderlein var. unicolor Mortensen, 1942: 226. [Coast of Queensland, Australia.] S. roseoviridis Koehler, 1927:84-88, pi. 12: figs. 3-6, pi. 26: fig. 3. [Indian Ocean.] S. rubricincta H. L. Clark, 1925a:86-87, pi. 5: figs. 3-4. [Saya de Malha, Indian Ocean.] S. sphaeroides (Linnaeus) var. variegata Mortensen, 1942:226. [Malaysia, off Jolo; Amboina Islands.] Pliocene S. nuda Currie, 1930:174, pi. 16: fig. 3. [Mombasa Island, East Africa.] Genus Tatechinus Philip Upper Eocene Tatechinus Philip, 1969:268-269. Type-species: T. nudus Philip, 1969: 269-271, figs. 8a-f, 8i, pi. 4: figs. 7-9, 14-15, pi. 14: fig. 7, pi. 15: fig. 4. [South¬ eastern Australia.] (Tortachilla Ls.) Genus Temnotrema A. Agassiz Recent T. notium H. L. Clark, 1938:387-388, pi. 26: fig. 5. [Western Australia.] T. pallescens H. L. Clark, 1925a:90-91, pi. 7: figs. 5-6. [Billiton Island, Indonesia, in Java Sea.] T phoenissa H. L. Clark, 1926:188-191, fig. 1. [Great Barrier Reef, Australia.] T siamense (Mortensen) var. rnegaloplax Morten¬ sen, 1942:227. [Indo-Pacific, off Misol, Indonesia.] T. siamense (Mortensen) var. rubicundum Morten¬ sen, 1942:227. [Mauritius, east of Madagascar, in Indian Ocean.] Genus Dicoptella Lambert In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et ah, 1966:U425) consider Dicoptella a synonym of Tem¬ notrema A. Agassiz. Miocene D. agassizi Lambert and Thiery var. elevata Jean¬ net in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:38, figs. 37-39, ph 2: fig. 6, ph 4: fig. 7. [Java, Indonesia.] D. agassizi Lambert and Thiery var. tenuis Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:37-38, figs. 30-36, ph 2: figs. 1-3, ph 4: fig. 5. [Java, Indonesia.] D. javana Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935: 40-41, figs. 45-47, ph 2: figs. 16-18. [Java, Indo¬ nesia.] D. leupoldi Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935: 38, fig. 40, ph 2: figs. 7-9, ph 4: fig. 8. [Java, Indonesia.] NUMBER 34 43 D. tobleri Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935: 39-40, figs. 41-44, pi. 2: figs. 10-15, pi. 4: figs. 6, 14. [Java, Indonesia.] Upper Miocene D. promensis Currie, 1939:221-226, figs. 1-5, pi. 14: figs. 6a-c. [Burma, Southeast Asia.] (Pegu Stage.) Paleocene D. desioi Airaghi, 1934:65, pi. 5: fig. 2. [Libya, North Africa.] Subgenus Dicaptella (Paradicoptella) Jeannet In the Treatise, Fell and Pawson (Durham et al., 1966:U425) consider Paradicoptella Jeannet a syn¬ onym of Temnotrema A. Agassiz. Miocene Dicoptella (Paradicoptella) Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935:42. Type-species: D. (P.) rutteni Jeannet in Lambert and Jeannet, 1935: 42-44, figs. 51-53, pi. 4: fig. 16. [Java, Indonesia.] Genus Trigonocidaris A. Agassiz Recent T. indica Mortensen, 1942:229. [Madagascar, In¬ dian Ocean.] T. micropora Mortensen, 1942:229. [Malaysia.] T. radiata Mortensen, 1942:228. [Kei Islands, Ma¬ laysia.] T. versicolor Koehler, 1927:94-97, pi. 14: figs. 3-4, 6-10, 13, pi. 27: fig. 1. [Indian Ocean.] Genus Triplacidia Bittner Lower Oligocene/Upper Eocene T. fraasi Loriol var. boncevi Gocev, 1928:40, 48, fig. 2. [Bulgaria.] Eocene T. hungarica Vogl, 1921:128. [Hungary.] Middle Eocene T. trakyensis Pinar, 1951:37-38, figs. 1-2, 4, 7, 9, pi. lb: figs. 2-3. [Turkey.] (Auversian. Lutetian.) Genus Zeuglopleurus Gregory Upper Cretaceous Echinocyphus (Zeugopleurus) glanoviensis Kongiel, 1939:24-25, pi. 2: fig. 29, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [Poland.] (Lower Turonian.) Family TOXOPNEUSTIDAE Troschel Genus Cyrtechinus Mortensen Recent Cyrtechinus Mortensen, 1942:229. Type-species: Psammechinus verruculatus Liitken. [Tropical Western-Indo Pacific.] Genus Gymnechinus Mortensen Recent G. abnormalis H. L. Clark, 1925a: 128-129, pi. 7: figs. 3-4. [Carcajos Carodos?] G. pallidus Koehler, 1927:113-118, pi. 17: figs. 5, 13, 15, pi. 18: figs. 1-6, pi. 19: figs. 2-3, pi. 27: fig. 4. [Ceylon.] Genus Lytechinus A. Agassiz Recent L. thieryi Koehler, 1927:104—108, pi. 18: figs. 7-8, pi. 19, fig. 4, pi. 27: fig. 6. [Ceylon.] L. variegatus (Leske) var. pallida H. L. Clark, 1925a: 121. [Cape Verde Islands, Atlantic Ocean.] L. williamsi Chesher, 1968b:3-5, figs. 1-2, 3a, 3c-i, 4-5, table 1. [Buena Ventura, Panama (Atlantic).] Upper Miocene/PPleistocene L. variegatus (Leske) plurituberculatus Kier, 1963: 15-19, figs. 8-11, pi. 2: figs. 1-2, pi. 3: fig. 1, pi. 4: fig. 4. [Florida, U.S.A.] (Caloosahatchee and Tamiami Fm.) 44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Pliocene L. crassus H. L. Clark, 1945:317-318, pi. 41: figs. H-I. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] L. Okinawa Cooke, 1954:46, pi. 9: figs. 3-5. [Oki¬ nawa, Japan.] (Naha Ls. in lower part of Ryukyu Ls.) Lower Miocene L. coreyi Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:24, pi. 20: fig. 7. [California, U.S.A.] (Vasqueros.) L. (?) milleri Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 24-25, pi. 15: figs. 1-2. [California, U.S.A.] (Vaqueros.) Genus Mirechinus Nisiyama Upper Eocene Mirechinus Nisiyama, 1966:239-240. Type-species: M. mirabilis Nisiyama, 1966:240-242, pi. 6: fig. 3, pi. 7: figs. 2,4. [Bonin Islands, Japan, West Pa¬ cific Ocean.] (Lutetian.) Genus Nudechinus Clark Recent N. ambonensis Mortensen, 1942:230. [Molucca Sea, Malaysia.] N. ambonensis Mortensen var. purpurascens Mor¬ tensen, 1942:230. [Amboina, Malaysia.] N. rubripunctatus H. L. Clark, 1925a: 127-128, pi. 7: figs. 1-2. [Amirante Islands, Indian Ocean.] N. scotiopremnus H. L. Clark var. australiensis Mortensen, 1942:230. [Western Australia.] Genus Pseudocentrotus Mortensen Miocene P. stenoporus Nisiyama, 1966:247-249, pi. 7: figs. 3-7. [Japan.] (Shirahama Fm.) Genus Schizechinus Pomel Pliocene S. candeli Lambert, 1931c:44-45, pi. 7: figs. 2-4. [North Africa.] Genus Scoliechinus Arnold and Clark Eocene Scoliechinus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:23. Type-species: S. axiologus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:23-24, pi. 2: figs. 7-8. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Genus Sphaerechinus Desor Lower Miocene Spherechinus [sic] burdigalensis Lambert, I928b:90, fig. 2. [France.] (Upper Aquitanian.) Genus Tripneustes L. Agassiz Middle Miocene T. tobleri Jeannet, 1928a: 17-19, fig. 2, pi. 2: figs. 1-3, pi. 6: figs. 4-6; 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] (Couches d’Ojo de Aqua.) T. ventricosus (Lamarck) austriacus Tauber, 1951: 312-313, figs. 1-4. [Austria.] (Tortonian.) Lower Miocene T. magnificus Nisiyama, 1966:243-245, pi. 6: figs. 2, 7, 9, pi. 7: fig. 1. [Mariana Island, West Pacific Ocean.] (Laulau Fm.) Family Uncertain Genus Gagaria Duncan Upper Oligocene Thylechinus (Gagaria) chickasawhay Cooke, 1941a: 14, pi. 2: figs. 17a-d. [U.S.A.] T. (G.) mossomi Cooke, 1941a: 13-14, pi. 1: figs. 6-9, pi. 2: fig. 16, pi. 3: figs. 6-9, pi. 4: figs. 3-5. [U.S.A.] Middle Eocene G. foutatoroensis Roman in Elouard and Roman, 1966:840-843, fig. 2, pi. 19. [Senegal, West Af¬ rica.] (Lower Lutetian.) NUMBER 34 45 Lower Eocene T. (G.) salis Cooke, 1941a: 13, pi. 2: figs. 12-14. [U.S.A.] Order ECHINOIDA Claus Family ECHINIDAE Gray Genus Echinus Linne Recent E. atlanticus Mortensen var. helenae Mortensen, 1942:230. [St. Helena Island, west coast of Africa, tropical Atlantic Ocean.] E. multidentatus H. L. Clark, 1925a: 115-116, pi. 6: figs. 1-2. [Challenger Sta. 170, near the Kermadec Islands, Pacific Ocean.] E. stenoporus Mortensen, 1942:230. [South Africa.] Genus Dermechinus Mortensen Recent Dermechinus Mortensen, 1942:231. Type-species: Echinus horridus A. Agassiz. [Indo-Pacific.] Genus Gracilechinus Fell and Pawson Recent /Pliocene Gracilechinus Fell and Pawson in Durham et al., 1966:U431, fig. 322(1 a). [England; Atlantic-Medi- terranean-IndoPacific.] Type-species: Echinus gra¬ cilis A. Agassiz. Genus Paracentrotus Mortensen Recent P. grandis H. L. Clark, 1923:388, pi. 22: figs. 1-3. [South Africa.] Genus Polyechinus Mortensen Recent Polyechinus Mortensen, 1942:231. Type-species: Paracentrotus agulhensis Doderlein. [South Af¬ rica.] Genus Psammechinus L. Agassiz and Desor Pliocene P. punicus Lambert, 1931c: 103, pi. 4: figs. 10-12. [Tunis, North Africa.] Miocene P. dainellii Desio, 1929:299-301, pi. 39: figs. 2a-d. [Oasis of Giarabub, east Cyrenaica, Libya.] Middle Miocene P. neuvillei Lambert, 1928b:88. [France. Also de¬ scribed and figured in Lambert, 1928e:8, pi. 5: figs. 15-18. (Helvetian.)] Paleocene P. desioi Airaghi, 1934:64-65, pi. 5: fig. 1. [Libya, North Africa.] Oligocene P. arnei Castex, 1947:30-31, pi. 1: fig. 5. [France.] (Lattorfian-Sannoisian.) Upper Oligocene P. floralanus Cooke, 1941a: 15-16, pi. 3: figs. 10-11. [U.S.A.] Upper Eocene P.} ocalanus Cooke, 1941a: 16, pi. 2, figs. 9-11. [U.S.A.] Medial Eocene P. santee Cooke, 1941a: 15, pi. 2: figs. 7-8. [U.S.A.] (McBean Fm.) Lower Cretaceous P. demolyi Lambert in Demoly, 1928:146, fig. [France.] P. simplex Lambert, 1931c: 66, pi. 3: figs. 6-7. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Aptian.) 46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Sterechinus Koehler Recent S. dentifer Koehler, 1926:34-36, pi. 104: figs. 1-4, pi. 120: fig. 1. [Antarctic.] S. neumayeri (Meissner) var. nigroalba Mortensen, 1942:231. [Antarctic.] Genus Stirechinus Desor Miocene S. minor Cotteau var. couffoni Cottreau, 1933: 542-543, pi. 26: figs. 5-6a. [France.] Family ECHINOMETRIDAE Gray Genus Echinometra Gray Miocene E. hondoana Nisiyama, 1966:270-271, pi. 10: fig. 1. [Japan.] (Kozai Fm.) Genus Ellipsechinus Liitken Cretaceous Ellipsechinus palmeri Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1949:46-47, pi. 2: figs. 5-6. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig thinks it is possibly Pleistocene, Brodermann (1949:322) maintains it is Creta¬ ceous.] Genus Echinostrephus A. Agassiz Recent E. formosus Mortensen, 1940a:50; 1943b:306, pi. 35: figs. 11-14. [Malaysia.] Miocene E. saipanicum Cooke, 1957:362, pi. 119: figs. 4-6. [Mariana Islands, West Pacific Ocean.] Genus Evechinus Verrill Pliocene/Miocene E. palatus Philip, 1969:234-235, pi. 16: figs. 1-6. [Southeast Australia.] (Cheltenhamian.) Genus Heliocidaris L. Agassiz and Desor Recent H. erythrogramma (Valenciennes) var. parvispina H. L. Clark, 1938:404. [Southwest Australia.] Miocene H. ludbrookae Philip, 1965:192-194, fig. 4c, pi. 27: figs. 1-4, pi. 28: figs. 1-2. [Southeast Australia.] Genus Zenocentrotus A. H. Clark Recent Zenocentrotus A. H. Clark, 1932:5-7. Type-species: Z. kellersi A. H. Clark, 1932:7-10, pis. 1-3, pi. 4: fig. 1, pi. 5: fig. 1, pi. 6: fig. 3. [Niuafoou Island (between Samoa and Fiji), South Pacific Ocean.] Z. paradoxus A. H. Clark, 1932:10, pi. 5: fig. 2, pi. 6: figs. 1-2, pi. 7: figs. 1-2. [Niuafoou Island, South Pacific Ocean.] Miocene Z. peregrinus Philip, 1965:194-195, fig. 4b, pi. 28: figs. 3-6, pi. 29: figs. 6, 9. [Southeast Australia.] Family STRONGYLOCENTROTIDAE Gregory Genus Strongylocentrotus Brandt Recent S. djakonovi Baranova, 1957:223-225, figs. 14a-i. [Bering Sea.] S. intermedins Agassiz f. longispina Djakonov, 1938: 474-475, 497. [Japan Sea.] S. polyacanthus Agassiz and Clark apicimagis Bara¬ nova, 1957:221-223, figs. 13a-e. [Bering Sea.] NUMBER 34 47 Pliocene S. magistrus Nisiyama, 1966:255-256, pi. 8: figs. 1-3. [Japan.] (Himi Fm.) Lower Pliocene/Miocene S3 octoporus Nisiyama, 1966:256-258, pi. 8: figs. 7-8. [Japan.] Miocene S. antiquus Philip, 1965:189-191, figs. 3a-b, 4a, 4d, pi. 29: figs. 1-3. [Southeast Australia.] S. minihagali Deraniyagala, 1961:154, pi. 5: fig. 10. [Ceylon, Indian Ocean.] Genus Allocentrotus Mortensen Recent Allocentrotus Mortensen, 1942:232. Type-species: Strongylocentrotus fragilis Jackson. [Vancouver, Canada, to Lower California, U.S.A.] Lower Pliocene A. japonicus Nisiyama, 1966:258-260, pi. 8: figs. 4, 10-14, pi. 9: figs. 1-2, 4-6. [Japan.] (Kurotaki Fm.) Genus Hemicentrotus Mortensen Recent Hemicentrotus Mortensen, 1942:231. Type-species: Sphaerechinus pulcherrimus A. Agassiz. [Japan- North China.] Family PARASALENIIDAE Mortensen Genus Parasalenia A. Agassiz Recent P. gratiosa A. Agassiz var. boninensis Mortensen, 1930:388, pi. 1: figs. 2-5. [North Pacific Ocean.] Miocene P. marianae Cooke, 1957:361-362, pi. 119: figs. 1-3. [Mariana Islands, West Pacific Ocean.] Genus Diplosalenia Mortensen Eocene Diplosalenia Mortensen, 1942:232. Type-species: Parasalenia gosseleti Cotteau. [France.] Superorder Uncertain (ECHINACEA or DIADEMATACEA) Order ORTHOPSIDA Mortensen Family ORTHOPSIDAE Duncan Genus Orthopsis Cotteau Upper Cretaceous O. casanovai Cooke, 1955:92-93, pi. 20: figs. 1-3. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Campanian.) O. sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1933b:6—11, figs. 2-4, pi. 1: figs. 5-15. [North Africa.] (Maestrich- tian.) Lower Cretaceous O. aguilerai Maldonado-Koerdell, 1953:28-29, pi. 1: figs. 25-27. [Mexico.] (Aptian.) O. bahiaensis Brito, 1964:6-7, pi. 1: figs. 2-3, pi. 2: figs. 1-2. [Brazil.] (Albian.) O. comalensis Whitney and Kellum, 1966:250-253, pi. 1: figs. 13-15. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group. Aptian.) O. royoi Lambert, 1935f:523, pi. 58: figs. 3-5. [Spain.] (Aptian.) O. titicacana Cooke, 1949b:84-85, pi. 22: figs. 1-5. [Peru.] (Aptian/Albian?) Upper Jurassic O. pomeraniae Kongiel, 1957:30-32, 53-55, 70-72, pi. 5: figs. 5-6. [Pomerania, on the Baltic Sea.] (Upper Kimmeridgian.) 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Dubarechinus Lambert Dubarechinus Lambert, 1937:62-63. Type-species: D. despujolsi Lambert, 1937:63, pi. 4: figs. 14-17. [Morocco.] (Upper Domerian.) D. termieri Lambert, 1937:63-64, pi. 4: fig. 18. [Morocco.] (Upper Domerian.) Doubtful Genera of Regular Echinoids Genus Besairiecidaris Lambert Middle Jurassic Besairiecidaris Lambert, 1936b: 117-118. Type- species: B. ankarensis Lambert, 1936b: 118, pi. 6: figs. 11-12. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Bajocian.) Genus Bramus de Gregorio Permian Cidaris (Bramus ) de Gregorio, 1930a: 34. Type- species: C. (B.) simplex de Gregorio, 1930a: 34, pi. 12: figs. 13-14. [Italy.] C. (B.) pirillus de Gregorio, 1930a:34, pi. 12: figs. 15-17. [Italy.] Genus Crinocidaris de Gregorio Triassic Cidaris (Crinocidaris ) de Gregorio, 1930b:29. Type- species: Crinocidaris unicus de Gregorio, 1930b: 29, pi. 6: figs. 29-31. [Italy. Fell and Pawson (Durham et al„ 1966:U439) place it under “doubtful genera of regular echinoids.’’] Genus Firmacidaris Lambert Lower Jurassic Firmacidaris Lambert, 1937:45-46. Type-species: \Spherotiaris precincta Lambert. [Morocco.] (Do¬ merian.) Upper Jurassic F. neumayri Nisiyama, 1966:168, pi. 30: figs. 1-2. [Japan.] (Probably Callovian to Tithonian.) Genus Protocidaris de Gregorio Permian Cidaris (Protocidaris ) de Gregorio, I930a:34. Type- species: C. (P.) bencontestus de Gregorio, 1930a: 34, pi. 12: figs. 20-21. [Italy.] Genus Radiolus (auctt.) Triassic R. adametzi Jekelius, 1932:49-50, pi. 2: figs. 50a-b, 51a-b. [Rumania.] R. alutensis Jekelius, 1932:49, pi. 2: fig. 46. [Rumania.] R. antipai Jekelius, 1932:50-51, pi. 2: fig. 48. [Rumania.] R. boletus Bather, 1929:239-241, pi. 258: figs. 36a-38. [Timor Island, Indonesia.] R. culter Bather, 1929:241-243, pi. 258: figs. 39a-41b. [Timor Island, Indonesia.] R. festuca Bather, 1929:244-245, pi. 258: figs. 46-48b. [Timor Island, Indonesia.] R. fusus Bather, 1929:245-246, pi. 258: fig. 49. [Timor Island, Indonesia.] R. herbichi Jekelius, 1932:50, pi. 2: fig. 45. [Rumania.] R. racadaui Jekelius, 1932:49, pi. 2: figs. 47a-c. [Rumania.] R. rostratus Korner, 1937:163-164, pi. 11: figs, la-c. [Peru.] R. segmentatus Bather, 1929:236-238, pi. 258: figs. 27-29b. [Timor Island, Indonesia.] Upper Triassic R. funginus Wanner, Knipscheer and Schenk, 1952:68-69, pi. 3: figs. 1-4. [Indonesia.] Genus Vernius de Gregorio Permian Cidaris (Vernius ) de Gregorio, 1930a:34. Type- species: C. (V.) elaboratus de Gregorio, 1930a:34, pi. 12: figs. 18-19. [Italy.] NUMBER 34 49 Superorder GNATHOSTOMATA Zittel Order HOLECTYPOIDA Duncan Suborder HOLECTYPINA Duncan Family HOLECTYPIDAE Lambert Genus Holectypns Desor Cretaceous H. bullardi Ikins, 1940:73-74, pi. 6: figs. 2a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] H. hondoensis Cannon in Ikins, 1940:74, pi. 6: figs. 3a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] Upper Cretaceous H. boschmai Engel, 1964a:235-236, pi. 14. [South¬ ern Netherlands.] (Senonian.) H. decoratus Sanchez Roig, 1949:56, pi. 1: figs. 6-7. [Cuba.] H. khamirensis Clegg, 1933:6-7, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs, la-c. [Persia (Iran).] H. larteti Cotteau var. major Blanckenhorn, 1925 [1924]: 91-92, pi. 7: figs. 12a-d. [Palestine, Israel.] (Cenomanian.) H. montalvensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 138, pi. 1: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] H. parvus Jones, 1938:133, pi. 13: figs. 1, 9-10. [Mexico.] (Indidura Fm.) H. subpentagonalis Blanckenhorn, 1925 [1924]: 92-93, pi. 7: fig. 13. [Palestine, Israel.] (Upper Cenomanian.) Lower Cretaceous H. adkinsi Smiser, 1936:461, pi. 62: figs. 12-15. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) H. almeidae Rey, 1966:295-300, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 1-9. [Portugal.] (Hauterivian.) H. engerrandi Lambert, 1927a:269. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanche Series.) H. ovatus Whitney and Kellum, 1966:259-260, pi. 2: figs. 10-12. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group. Aptian.) Middle Jurassic H. leuthardti Lambert, 1926b: 118-122, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Switzerland.] Lower Jurassic H. hians Lambert, 1933b:55-56, pi. 1: fig. 10. [North Africa.] (Lower Domerian.) Genus Coenholectypus Pomel Upper Cretaceous Holectypus (Caenholectypusl) macrostomus Engel, 1964a:236-239, figs. 1-2. [Southern Netherlands.] (Senonian.) Lower Cretaceous H. (C.) nanus Cooke, 1955:96, pi. 27: figs. 13-19. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Upper Albian.) H. ( Coenholectypus) peridoneus Nisiyama, 1950b: 32-33, pi. 4: figs. 5-7. [Japan.] (Aptian/Albian.) H. (C .) planalus Roemer aponensis Cooke, 1961:6, pi. 2: figs. 4-5. [Venezuela.] (Middle Albian to Vraconian.) Family ANORTHOPYGIDAE Wagner and Durham Genus Anorthopygus Cotteau Upper Cretaceous A. paradoxus Hawkins, 1935a:51-53, figs. 5-7, pi. 7: figs. la-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Upper Senonian.) A. riveroi Sdnchez Roig, 1949:55-56, pi. 5: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Lower Cretaceous A. texanus Cooke, 1946:219-220, pi. 34: figs. 9-12. [U.S.A.] (Washita Group.) 50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Family DISCOIDIDAE Lambert Genus Discoides Parkinson Upper Cretaceous D. dubertreti Keller and Vautrin, 1937:148-150, fig. 47a, pi. 5: figs. 10-12. [Syria.] (Cenomanian.) D. menchikoffi Lambert, 1937:76-77, pi. 1: figs. 19-22. [Morocco.] (Campanian.) D. neglectus Lambert, 1931c:96, pi. 3: fig. 35. [Tunis, North Africa.] (Santonian.) D. philocrania Lambert, 1933a: 16, pi. 2: figs. 8-10. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Senonian.) Lower Cretaceous D. rahbergensis Jeannet, 1933b:370; 1933c:233, 1934d:4-5, pi. 1: figs. 10-18. [Austria.] (Hauteri- vian/Neocomian.) Genus Discoidea Agassiz Upper Cretaceous D.} dendroides Blanckenhorn, 1925 [1924]:93, pi. 7: fig. 14. [Palestine, Israel.] (Upper Cenomanian.) D. minima Agassiz var. inferior Maczynska, 1958: 97-98, 113-114, figs. 26a-b, 27, pi. 9: figs. 1-14. [Poland.] (Upper Turonian.) Lower Cretaceous D. karakaschi Renngarten, 1926:91-93, 111-112, pi. 8: figs. 10-11, pi. 9: figs. 9-10. [Southern Russia.] (Upper Hauterivian to Lower Barre- mian.) Genus Camerogalerus Quenstedt Upper Cretaceous C. bucaillei Lambert and Jeannet, 1928b: 138. [France.] (Cenomanian.) Genus Dixonia Wagner and Durham Upper Cretaceous Dixonia Wagner and Durham, 1964:170. Type- species: Discoidea dixoni Forbes in Dixon. [Europe.] (Aptian-Turonian.) Genus Lanieria Duncan Upper Cretaceous L. uvaldana Cooke, 1953:10, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Campanian.) Suborder ECHINONEINA H. L. Clark Family ECHINONEIDAE Agassiz and Desor Genus Echinoneus Leske Recent E. abruptus H. L. Clark, 1925a: 177, pi. 10: figs. 1-3. [Zanzibar, East Africa.] Pliocene E. burgeri Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 104—105, pi. 22: figs. 1-3, 6, pi. 23: figs. 6-7. [California, U.S.A.] Oligocene E. sanchezi Lambert, 1928c: 21, figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene E. robustus Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 140-141, pi. 3: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] E. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1952c:5-6, pi. 3: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] E. tenuipetalum Sanchez Roig, 1952c:5, pi. 1: fig. 5. [Cuba.] Genus Duperieria Roman Middle Eocene Duperieria Roman, 1968a (Abstract): 103; 1968b: 120. [Biarritz (Basses-Pyrenees), southwest France.] (Lutetian.) Genus Paleoechinoneus Grant and Hertlein Upper Cretaceous Paleoechinoneus Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 105. Type-species: P. hannai Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 105-106, pi. 23: figs. 4-5. [Mexico.] NUMBER 34 51 Family CONULIDAE Lambert Genus Conulus Leske Cretaceous C. mullerriedi Lambert, 1935c:368, fig. 1. [Mexico.] C. praenuntius Carter 1928:58. [Lincolnshire, Eng¬ land.] (Upper to middle Chalk, T.g. zone.) Upper Cretaceous C. campaniformis Melikov and Endel’man, 1963: 136-138, figs. 1-2. [North Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] (Lower Maestrichtian.) C. castaneus (Brongniart) var. plana Popiel- Barczyk, 1958:61-62, 77-78, fig. 13, pi. 4: fig. 7, pi. 5: figs. 5-12. [Poland.] (Lower Turonian.) C. castaneus (Brongniart) var. rhotomagensis Agas¬ siz in Popiel-Barczyk, 1958: 59-61, 77, fig. 12, pi. 4: figs. 9-10, pi. 5: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] (Lower Turonian.) C. chiapasensis Lambert, 1936e:3-4, pi. 1: figs. 5-6. [Mexico.] (Senonian (Campanian).) C. chiesai Airaghi, 1939:256-257, pi. 11: figs. 1-2. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) C. cubensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:58-59. [Cuba.] C. ellipticus (Zareczny) var. rostrata Popiel-Barczyk, 1958:58, 77, pi. 4: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] (Lower Turonian.) C. matesovi Moskvin, 1959:251, pi. 3: figs. 2a-c. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] C. parravanoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1932c: 383-386, pi. 1: figs, la-b, pi. 2: fig. 4. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) C. rhotomagensis Agassiz var. elevatus Chiriac, 1957: 66-68, pi. 2: figs. 2a-c, 3a-c. [Cuza Voda, Pestera, Roumania.] (Turonian.) C. sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1930a:79-82, pi. 8: figs. 1-6. [Tripolitania, North Africa.] (Maes¬ trichtian.) C. stephensoni Cooke, 1953:11, pi. 3: figs. 8-13. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Santonian.) C. subtrotundus (Mantell) var. conoidea Popiel- Barczyk, 1958:53-55, 76, fig. 8, pi. 2: figs. 5-8. [Poland.] (Lower Turonian.) C. subrotundus (Mantell) var. subglobosa Popiel- Barczyk, 1958:52-53, 75, fig. 7, pi. 2: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] (Lower Turonian.) C. tradis Lees, 1928:659-661, fig. 12, pi. 46: figs. la-b. [Arabia.] (Senonian (Campanian).) C. zinai Airaghi, 1939:256, pi. 10: fig. 9. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous C. grauensis Currie, 1943:23-25, figs. 4-7, pi. 3: figs. 1-6. [Ethiopia, Northeast Africa.] (Aptian.) Genus Pyrina Desmoulins Cretaceous P. barthouxi Lambert, I931d: 192—193, pi. 5: fig. 45. [Egypt.] (Vraconian.) Upper Cretaceous P. arabica Clegg, 1933:8, pi. 1: figs. 2a-c. [Arabia.] P. avilensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:60-61, pi. 42: figs. 9-10. [Cuba.] P. mexicana Lambert, 1936e:4-5, pi. 1: fig. 1. [Mexico.] (Upper Senonian.) P. mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli, 1932c:389-391, pi. 2: figs. 1-3, pi. 3: figs. l-2c. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) P. ovalis d’Orbigny plana Maczynska, 1962:163-166, 181, figs. 9-12, pi. 5: figs. 1-28. [Poland.] (Ceno¬ manian.) P. parahybensis Maury, 1930:116-119, pi. 5: fig. 1. [Brazil.] (Campanian.) Lower Cretaceous P. hancockensis Whitney and Kellum, 1966:260-261, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Trinity Group. (Aptian.) P whitneyae Ikins, 1940:74—75, pi. 6: figs. 4a—c. [Texas, U.S.A. Cooke (1946:221) placed this spe¬ cies in Globator .] (Comanchean.) Genus Galeraster Cotteau Middle Eocene G. terkosensis Pinar, 1951:38-40, figs. 3, 5-6, pi. lb: fig. 1. [Turkey.] (Lutetian.) 52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Globator Agassiz Paleocene G. ravni Nielsen, 1926:13-15, 22-23, figs. 6-7. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous G. dainellii Checchia-Rispoli, 1932c:391, pi. 1: figs. 2-2b, pi. 2: figs. 5-5c. [North Africa.] (Maes- trichtian.) G. depsangensis Stefanini, 1928:175-176, pi. 20: figs. 9a-d. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] (Senonian.) G. vaughani Cooke, 1953:12, pi. 4: figs. 1-4. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Campanian.) Genus Pseudopyrina Lambert In the Treatise, Wagner and Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U445) consider Pseudopyrina Lambert a subjective synonym of Globator Agassiz. Paleocene P. subcircularis Ravn, 1927:321-322, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 5a-c, 6a-c. [Denmark.] (Danian.) P. subovalis Ravn, 1927:319-321, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 4a-d. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous P. darderi Lambert, 1935b: 362, pi. 41: figs. 5-6. [Spain.] (Upper Campanian.) P. hourcqi Lambert, 1936c:24, pi. 2: figs. 11-12. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Cam¬ panian.) P. minuta Smiser, 1935b:42-43, pi. 4: figs. 3a-e. [Belgium.] (Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous P. orchoterenai Lambert, 1935d:370, pi. 16: figs. 15-17. [Mexico.] (Barremian.) Genus Pygopyrina Pomel Upper Cretaceous P. pusilla Stefanini, 1928:173-175, pi. 20: figs. 8a-e. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] (Cenomanian.) Family GALERITIDAE Gray Genus Echinoconus d’Orbigny In the Treatise, Wagner and Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U47) consider Echinoconus a synonym of Galerites Lamarck. Upper Cretaceous E. djiddensis Charles in Lambert and Charles, 1937:378-379, pi. 8: figs. 1-3. [Asia Minor.] Family Uncertain Genus Cluniaster Jeannet Lower Cretaceous Cluniaster Jeannet, 1933b:370; 1933c:233; 1934d:6. Type-species: C. rhenanus Jeannet, 1933b:370; 1933c:233; 1934d:6, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 3-6. [Austria.] (Hauterivian.) Suborder CONOCLYPINA Haeckel Family CONOCLYPIDAE Zittel Genus Conoclypus Agassiz Middle Miocene C. westraliensis Crespin, 1944:75-76, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Australia.] Eocene C. boncevi Gocev, 1933:46-47, pi. 3: figs. 6a-b. [Bulgaria. Gocev referred to Conoclypeus Gray (nom. nud.).] C. dallonii Lambert, 1933d: 189-190, fig. 2. [Spain.] Middle Eocene C. besairiei Lambert, 1936a:207, pi. 24: figs. 10-11. [Madagascar, off East Africa. Lambert referred it to Conoclypeus Gray (nom. nud.).] (Lutetian.) NUMBER 34 53 Lower Eocene C. gotshevi Sapundzhieva, 1964:30, 58-59, pi. 14: figs. 2a-c. [Bulgaria.] (Ypresian.) C. lamberti Villatte, 1966b:869-870, fig. 3, pi. 34: figs. 1, 4. [Spain.] (Ypresian.) C. pilgrimi Davies, 1926:359-363, pi. 25: figs. 1-6, pi. 26: figs. 1-2. [India. Davies referred it to Conoclypeus Gray (nom. nud.).] (Laki Series.) C. pinfoldi Gill, 1953:843-844, pi. 91: figs. 1-3. [Pakistan. Gill referred it to Conoclypeus Gray (nom. nud.).] C. warthi Davies, 1926:363-367, pi. 26: figs. 3-6. [India. Davies referred it to Conoclypeus Gray (nom. nud.).] (Laki Series.) Cretaceous C. sanctispiritensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:63, pi. 21: figs. 5-6. [Cuba. Roig referred it to Conoclypeus Gray (nom. nud.).] Family OLIGOPYGIDAE Duncan Genus Oligopygus de Loriol Eocene O. alvarezi Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1926:82, pi. 11: figs. 3-5. [Cuba.] O. curasavica Molengraaff, 1929:77-83, pi. 27: figs. 1-5, pi. 28: figs. 1-5. [Curasao, Dutch West Indies.] O. hypselus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:28-29, pi. 4: figs. 6-8. [Jamaica.] O. jamaicensis Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:28-29, pi. 4: figs. 9-11. [Jamaica.] O. ovumserpentis (Guppy) var. baldryi Brighton, 1926b:360-366, figs, la-g, pi. 26: figs. e-h. [Peru.] (Atascadero Ls.) O. tuberculatus Sanchez Roig, 1951:56-57, pi. 34: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene O. camagueyensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:162-163. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:325) says it is Middle- Upper Eocene.] O. christi Jeannet, 1928a: 10-11, pi. 1: figs. 16-19, pi. 6: fig. 2; 1928b: 220-221. [Venezuela, Trinity Island.] (Priabonian/Jacksonian.) O. circularis Sanchez Roig, 1949:159-160, pi. 29: figs. 2-3. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:325) says it is Middle-Upper Eocene.] O. collignoni Lambert, 193le:291, pi. 17: figs. 5-7. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Lower Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:325) places it in the Middle and Upper Eocene.] O. colsoni Lambert, 1931e:290-291, pi. 17: figs. 1-4. [Florida, U.S.A.] O. costuliformis Jeannet, I928a:9-10, pi. 1: figs. 13-15; 1928b: 220-221. [Venezuela, Trinit£ Island.] (Priabonian/Jacksonian.) O. cubensis Lambert, 1931e:292. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Lower Oligocene, Brod¬ ermann (1949:325) places it in the Middle and Upper Eocene.] O. elongatus Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:166-167, pi. 30: figs. 4-5. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:325) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] O. floridanus Twitchell var. laevis Palmer in S4n- chez Roig, 1949:166. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949: 325) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] O. herrerai Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 154-155, pi. 6: figs. 6-7, 9. [Cuba.] O. kugleri Jeannet, 1928a: 6-7, pi. 1: figs. 1-7, pi. 6: fig. 1; 1928b: 220-221. [Venezuela, Trinite Island.] (Priabonian/Jacksonian.) O. mullerriedi Sanchez Roig, 1949:160-162, pi. 30: figs. 2-3. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:325) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] O. nancei Cooke, 1941b:305-306, figs. 1-3. [Vene¬ zuela.] (Upper Santa Anita.) O. pinguis Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:165, pi. 28: figs. 2-3. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:325) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] O. putnami Israelsky, 1933a:275-276, pi. 18: figs. 1-4. [Mexico.] O. rotundus Cooke, 1942:9, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [U.S.A.] O. sanchezi Lambert, 1931e:292, pi. 17: fig. 8. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Lower Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:325) places it in the Middle and Upper Eocene.] O. sanjosephi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 155-156, pi. 7: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] O. zyndeli Jeannet, 1928a:7-8, pi. 1: figs. 8-9; 1928b:220—221. [Venezuela, Trinity Island.] (Pria¬ bonian /Jacksonian.) 54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Bonaire aster Pijpers Upper Eocene Bonaireaster Pijpers, 1933:84-86. Type-species: B. rutteni Pijpers, 1933:84-86, pi. 1: figs. 1-6. [Dutch West Indies, Netherland Antilles, oft Venezuelan coast.] Genus Haimea Michelin Upper Eocene H. camagueyana Sanchez Roig, 1949:122-123, pi. 50: figs. 6-7. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:322) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] H. globulosa Sanchez Roig, 1949:124. [Cuba. Al¬ though Sdnchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:322) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] H. hernandezi Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 11, pi. 6: fig. 5. [Cuba.] H. pusilla Sanchez Roig, 1949:123. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Broder¬ mann (1949:322) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] H. truncata Sanchez Roig, 1949:124-125, pi. 50: figs. 8-9. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:322) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] Middle Eocene H. cylindrica Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 141, pi. 3: figs. 6-7. [Cuba.] H. gigantea Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 143, pi. 3: fig. 11. [Cuba.] H. pentagona Sinchez Roig, 1953c: 142-143, pi. 3: figs. 8-9. [Cuba.] H. subcylindrica Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 141-142, pi. 3: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Genus Pauropygus Arnold and Clark In the Treatise, Wagner and Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U448) consider Pauropygus a synonym of Haimea Michelin. Eocene Pauropygus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:30-32. Type-species: Echinolampas ovumserpentis Guppy. [Jamaica.] Paleogene P. clarki Lambert, 1931e:294, pi. 17: figs. 10-12. [Cuba.] Eocene P. altus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:33, pi. 4: figs. 15-17. [Jamaica.] P. convexus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:33-34, pi. 4: figs. 18-20. [Jamaica.] P. cylindricus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:34-35, pi. 4: figs. 12-14. [Jamaica.] P. elevatus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:35, pi. 5: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica.] P. latus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:35-36, pi. 5: figs. 4-6. [Jamaica.] P. meunieri Lambert var. inflata Lambert in Lam¬ bert and Jacquet, 1936:351, pi. 23: figs. 9-10. [Senegal, West Africa.] P. meunieri Lambert var. latipetala Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:351, pi. 23: fig. 11. [Senegal, West Africa.] P. meunieri Lambert var. sulcata Lambert in Lam¬ bert and Jacquet, 1936:351, pi. 23: fig. 12. [Sene¬ gal, West Africa.] P. parvipetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927: 38- 39, pi. 5: figs. 13-15. [Jamaica.] P platypetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:39, pi. 5: figs. 16-18. [Jamaica.] P. pyramidoides Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927: 39- 40, pi. 5: figs. 19-21. [Jamaica.] P. rotundus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:40-41, pi. 6: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica.] P. rugosus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:41, pi. 6: figs. 4-6. [Jamaica.] P. stenopetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927: 41-42, pi. 6: figs. 7-9. [Jamaica.] Upper Eocene P. stefaninii Lambert, 193le:293-294, fig. 1, pi. 17: fig. 9. [lie Saint-Barthelemy, West Indies.] NUMBER 34 55 Suborder Uncertain Family Uncertain Genus Amblypygus L. Agassiz Oligocene A. checchiai Socin, 1942:52-53. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Upper Eocene A. douvillei Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1949: 126-127, pi. 36: fig. 4. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene A. depressus Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 144-145, pi. 3: fig. 10. [Cuba.] Genus Echinogalerus Konig Upper Cretaceous E. bochotnicensis Kongiel, 1950:316-317, 323-324, pi. 2: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) Genus Rhopostoma Cooke Paleocene Rhopostoma Cooke, 1959:26. Type-species: Anan- chytes cruciferus Morton. [New Jersey, U.S.A.] Order CLYPEASTEROIDA A. Agassiz Suborder CLYPEASTERINA A. Agassiz Family CLYPEASTERIDAE L. Agassiz Genus Clypeaster Lamarck Recent C. chesheri Serafy, 1970:663-674, figs. 1, 2c, 2d, 3-7. [Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico.] C. cyclopilus H. L. Clark, 1941:118-120, pi. 10: fig. 1. [Cuba.] C. elongatus H. L. Clark, 1948:308-309, pi. 48: fig. 30, pi. 49: fig. 31, pi. 50: fig. 33. [Galapagos Islands, Eastern Pacific Ocean.] C. euclastus H. L. Clark, 1941:120-121, pi. 10: fig. 2. [Cuba.] C. eurychorius H. L. Clark, 1925c: 10-11, pi. 3. [Off Natal Coast, South Africa.] C. eurypetalus H. L. Clark, 1925d:99, pi. 11: figs, a-c. [Pacific Ocean.] C. micropetalus H. L. Clark, 1925b:317-318, pi. 33. [Angola, southwest Africa.] C. miniaceus H. L. Clark, 1925a: 150-151, pi. 9: fig. 5. [Macclesfield Bank, Indian Ocean.] C. oliveirai Krau, 1952:703-705, fig. 1, pis. 1-7. [Tropical Atlantic.] C. oshimensis Ikeda, 1935a: 103-104, pi. 7: figs. 1-5. [Japan.] C. subdepressus (Gray) lobulatus Bernasconi, 1956: 35-36, fig. 2. [Brazil.] Pleistocene C. canimarensis Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:78. [Cuba.] C. japonicus Doderlein alta Hayasaka and Mori- shita, P., 1947:44-45, pi. 2: figs. 2a-b. [China.] (Riukiu Ls.) C. japonicus Doderlein plana Hayasaka and Mori- shita, P., 1947:44, pi. 4: figs. 3a-b. [Hsiaokang- shan, Kaohsiunghsien, Taiwan, China.] (Riukiu Ls.) Tertiary C. eurychorus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:141, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Jamaica.] Lower Tertiary C. chiapasensis Mullerried, 1951:211-216, figs. 1-3. [Mexico.] Pliocene C. blumenthali Lambert and Jeannet, 1928a:219. [Malaysia.] C. brevipetalus Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937:246-247, fig. 29. [Java, Indonesia.] 56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY C. malumbangensis Israelsky, 1933b: 301-302, pi. 1: fig. 1. [Philippine Islands, South Pacific Ocean.] C. mombasanus Currie, 1938:85-86, pi. 8: figs. 9a-c. [Kenya, east Africa.] C. Okinawa Cooke, 1954:47, pi. 11: figs. 1-2. [Oki¬ nawa, Japan.] (Naha Ls. in lower part of Ryukyu Ls.) Upper Pliocene C. marquerensis Durham, 1950:41, pi. 43: figs. 2-3. [California, U.S.A.] Middle Pliocene C. revellei Durham, 1950:41, pi. 43: figs. 1, 7. [Cali¬ fornia, U.S.A.] Miocene C. abruptus Sanchez Roig, 1926:49-50, pi. 8: fig. 2, pi. 9: fig. 1. [Cuba.] C. acicnlatus Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:31-33, fig. 10, pi. 11: fig. 5. [Southern Italy.] C. aegyptiacus (Wright) Michelin var. syrticus Desio, 1934:197-198, fig. 11, pi. 19: fig. 1, pi. 20: fig. 1. [Libya.] C. aichinoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:30-31, fig. 9, pi. 8: figs. 2, 2a-b, pi. 14: fig. 3. [Southern Italy.] C. annandalei Koehler caviventer Deraniyagala, 1961:154, pi. 5: figs. 5-6. [Ceylon.] C. borgesi Lambert, 1934:247-248, pi. 5: fig. 1. [An¬ gola, southwest Africa.] C. cermenatii Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:29-30, fig. 8, pi. 5: fig. 1, pi. 14: figs. 1, la-d. [Southern Italy.] C. cerullii Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:40-42, fig. 15, pi. 1: fig. 3, pi. 5: figs. 3, 3a-c. [Southern Italy.] C. cipollae Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:53-54, fig. 20, pi. 1: figs. 4, 4a, pi. 11: figs. 1, la-b, 2-4. [Southern Italy.] C. concavus Cotteau puerloricanus Gordon, 1963: 635-636, fig. 2a, pi. 81: figs. 5-6. [Puerto Rico, West Indies.] (Cibao marl.) C. cortesei Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:49-50, pi. 1: figs. 2-2a, pi. 20: figs. 1-3. [Southern Italy.] C. deporei Checchia-Rispoli, 1940a: 13-14, fig. 7, pi. 1: figs. 2-2a. [Italy.] C. epianthus Meznerics, 1941:87-88, pi. 2: fig. 1, pi. 3: fig. 2. [Hungary.] C. franchii Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:43-44, fig. 17, pi. 18: figs. 1, la-b. [Southern Italy.] C. henjamensis Clegg, 1933:25-26, pi. 3: figs. 2a-c, 3a. [Persian Gulf.] C. julii Roman, 1952:408, footnote 2. [Antigua Island, British West Indies. For Anomalanthus gregoryi Lambert, 1915, not Clypeaster gregoryi Lambert, 1913.] C. kemencensis Meznerics, 1941:88, pi. 2: fig. 3, pi. 3: fig. 6. [Hungary.] C. kugleri Jeannet, 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] C. lamegoi Marchesini Santos, 1958:14-15, 20-21, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [Biazil.] C. libycus Desio, 1929:321-322, fig. 33, pi. 34: figs. la-b. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] C. maulwarensis Clegg, 1933:23-24, pi. 3: figs. la-c. [Persian Gulf.] C. minihagali Deraniyagala, 1956:4, pi. 3: figs. 1-2. [Ceylon, Indian Ocean.] C. mutellensis de Loriol var. italica Checchia- Rispoli, 1940a:4-5, fig. 1, pi. 2: figs. 1-la. [Italy.] C. paulinoi Marchesini Santos, 1958:15-16, 21, pi. 4: figs. 1-6. [Brazil.] C. portentosus Desmoulin var. turriculata Checchia- Rispoli, 1940a:9-ll, fig. 5, pi. 1: fig. 1. [Italy.] C. pulchellus Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:23-24, fig. 6, pi. 13: figs. 3, 3a-b. [Southern Italy.] C. saipanicus Cooke, 1957:362, pi. 119: figs. 14-17. [Mariana Island, West Pacific Ocean.] C. iyrrenicus Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:27-29, fig. 7, pi. 8: figs. 1, la-b, pi. 14: fig. 2, pi. 22: figs. 1-la. [Southern Italy.] C. zamboninii Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:39-40, fig. 14, pi. 3: figs. 3, 4, 4a, 5, pi. 4: figs. 3-4, pi. 23: figs. 4-4a. [Southern Italy.] Upper Miocene C. crassus Kier, 1963:30-32, fig. 24, pi. 11: figs. 1-3, table 1. [Florida, U.S.A.] (Tamiami Fm.) C. romani Kier, 1964a:610. [For C. crassus Kier, 1963, not L. Agassiz, 1840.] Middle Miocene C. cremai Checchia-Rispoli, 1929b:26-29, fig. 1, pi. 2: figs. 1-6. [Cyrenaica, Libya.] C. egregins Peron and Gauthier var. dallonii Lam¬ bert, 1938a:279-283, fig. 1. [North Africa.] NUMBER 34 57 C. garganicus Checchia-Rispoli, 1938:46-48, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Monte Gargano, Italy.] C. insignis Seguenza var. distincta Imbesi Smedile, 1958:42-43, pi. 21: fig. 5, pi. 22: figs. 2-2a. [South¬ ern Italy.] (Tortonian?) C. insignis Seguenza var. robusta Imbesi Smedile, 1958:24-25, pi. 8: figs. 2-2a. [Southern Italy.] (Helvetian.) C. kugleri Jeannet, 1928a: 19, pi. 2. figs. 4-6. [Vene¬ zuela.] C. millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli, 1923:2-5, figs. 1-3, pi. 1: figs. 1, la-b. [Sardinia.] C. novaresei Checchia-Rispoli, 1925:15-17, fig. 1, pi. 9: figs. 1, la-c, pi. 23: figs. 1-la. [Southern Italy.] (Helvetian.) C. patae Imbesi Smedile, 1958:27-28, pi. 8: figs. 3, 3a-b, pi. 9: figs. 1, la-b. [Southern Italy.] (Helve¬ tian.) C. reidii Wright var. campanulata Imbesi Smedile, 1958:39-40, pi. 16: fig. 3. [Southern Italy.] (Tor¬ tonian.) C. reidii Wright var. notha Imbesi Smedile, 1958: 31-32, pi. 11: figs. 2, 2a-b. [Southern Italy.] (Hel¬ vetian.) C. tariccoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1923:5-7, fig. 4, pi. 1: figs. 2, 2a-b. [Sardinia.] C. tavanii Imbesi Smedile, 1958:41-42, pi. 20: figs. 2, 2a-c, 3, 3a, pi. 22: figs. 1-la. [Southern Italy.] (Tortonian.) C. trevisani Imbesi Smedile, 1958:40-41, pi. 17: figs. 2, 2a-b, pi. 19: figs. 1, la-b. [Southern Italy.] C. tumescens Imbesi Smedile, 1958:30-31, pi. 9: figs. 2, 2a-c, pi. 11: figs. 1, la-b. [Southern Italy.] (Helvetian.) Lower Miocene C. elevatus Sanchez Roig, 1949:83-84, pi. 8: figs. 1-3, pi. 10: fig. 1. [Cuba.] (Giiines Fm.) C. herrerae Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926:49, pi. 8: fig. 1. [Cuba.] C. latirostris Agassiz var. prolata Venzo, 1935:227, pi. 18: fig. 6. [Italy.] (Lower Aquitanian.) C. palmeri Sanchez Roig, 1949:85. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Miocene, Brodermann (1949:319) places it in the Lower Miocene.] C. pinarensis Lambert and Sanchez Roig, 1934:22- 24, 2 figs. [Cuba. Although Lambert considers it Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:319) says it is Lower Miocene.] C. vasatensis Lambert, 1928b:94—95; 1928e:15, pi. 6: figs. 1-2. [France.] (Langhian/Burdigalian.) Oligocene/Miocene C. dalpiazi Socin, 1942:50-51. [Somaliland, East Africa.] C. moronensis Sanchez Roig, 1951:41—42, pi. 23: fig. 1, pi. 24: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Oligocene C. brodermanni Sanchez Roig, 1949:74-75, pi. 9: figs. 1-3. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:319) says it is Upper Oligocene.] C. marinanus Jackson, 1937:231, pi. 12 :fig. 2, pi. 13: fig. 1. [Mexico.] C. ovatus Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:73-74. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:319) says it is Upper Oligocene.] C. topilanus Jackson, 1937:232, pi. 13: figs. 2-3. [Mexico.] Upper Oligocene C. densus Sanchez Roig, 1949:90-91, pi. 11: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] C. guillermi Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 119-120, pi. 7: fig. 2. [Cuba.] C. guadalupense Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 121-122, pi. 6: fig. 2, pi. 10: fig. 2. [Cuba.] C. hernandezi Sanchez Roig, 1949:94, pi. 50: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] C. maribonensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:77, pi. 9: figs. 6-7. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Pleistocene, Brodermann (1949:319) places it in the Upper Oligocene.] C. pileus Israelsky, 1924:138, pi. 2: fig. 2, pi. 3: fig. 2. [Mexico.] C. planus Sanchez Roig, 1949:93, pi. 9: figs. 4—5. [Cuba.] C. polygonalis Sanchez Roig, 1949:84-85, pi. 7: figs. 1-2. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Lower Miocene, Brodermann (1949:320) says it is from the Upper Oligocene.] C. profundus Sanchez Roig, 1949:91-92, pi. 6: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] C. sanchezi Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926:48-49, pi. 6: fig. 1, pi. 7: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] 58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY C. sandovali Sanchez Roig, 1949:89-90, pi. 13: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] C. sanrafaelensis Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:75. [Cuba.] C. tenuicoronae Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:87, pi. 14: fig. 3. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Middle Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:320) considers it Upper Oligocene.] Lower Oligocene C. lopezriosi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 139, pi. 1: fig. 6. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene C. calzadai Via and Padreny, 1970:94-96, fig. 3b. [Can Vilet, Castelltersol, province of Barcelona, Spain.] (Biarritzian-Bartonian.) C. moianensis Via and Padreny, 1970:90-93, fig. 1. [Moian^s, province of Barcelona, Spain.] (Biarrit¬ zian-Bartonian.) Genus Anomalanthus Bell In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et ah, 1966: U462) considers Anomalanthus a synonym of Cly¬ peaster Lamarck. Oligocene A. elevatus Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 138—139, pi. 9: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] A. guadalupense Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 136—137, pi. 7: fig. 1, pi. 15: fig. 2. [Cuba.] A. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 138, pi. 14: figs. 1-2, pi. 16: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene A. gigas Sanchez Roig, 1953a:54, pis. 1-2. [Cuba.] A. oligocenicus Sanchez Roig, 1949:95, pi. 9: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] A. zanolelti Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 137, pi. 12: figs. 1-2, pi. 13: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Genus Bunactus Pomel Durham (Durham et ah, 1966:U462), in the Treatise, considers Bunactus an objective synonym of Clypeasler. Lower Miocene B. sanchezi Lambert altus Sanchez Roig, I952e:127, pi. 3. [Cuba.] B. sanchezi Lambert gigantea Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 127-128, pi. 2. [Cuba.] Oligocene B. aguayoi Sanchez Roig, 1952e:126, pi. 1: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene B. santanae Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 126—127, pi. 1: fig. 2. [Cuba.] Genus Coronanthus Lambert In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et ah, 1966: U463) considers Coronanthus a subjective synonym of Clypeaster. Recent Clypeaster (Coronanthus) pateriformis Mortensen, 1948a:99. [Philippine Islands.] Oligocene C. (C.) artilesi Sanchez Roig, 1952c:4-5, ph 1: fig. 4. [Cuba.] C. conceptionis Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 128-129, ph 8: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Genus Herrerasia Sanchez Roig Durham (Durham et ah, 1966:U463) in the Treatise considers Herrerasia a subjective synonym of Cly¬ peaster. Lower Miocene Herrerasia Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 135. Type-species: Clypeaster profundus Sanchez Roig. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 59 Genus Hesperaster H. L. Clark Recent Hesperaster H. L. Clark, 1938:411. Type-species: H. arachnoides H. L. Clark, 1938:411-413, pi. 27: fig. 2. [Western Australia.] Quaternary H. crassus H. L. Clark, 1938:413-414, fig. 35A. [Western Australia.] Genus Orthanthus Mortensen In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U463) considers Orthanthus a subjective synonym of Clypeaster. Recent Clypeaster ( Orthanthus) aloysioi Brito, 1959:1-4, fig. 1, pis. 1-2. [Brazil.] C. (O.) durandi Cherbonnier, 1959b:370-372, figs. 8a-e, 9a-d. [French Guiana, South America.] Genus Paratinanthus Lambert and Thiery In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U463) considers Paratinanthus a subjective syno¬ nym of Clypeaster. Oligocene P. lamberti Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 132-133, pi. 16: fig. 2. [Cuba.] Genus Platyclypeina Lambert and Thiery In the Treatise Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U463) considers Platyclypeina a synonym of Cly¬ peaster Lamarck. Miocene Clypeaster ( Platyclypeina ) subcrustulum Desio, 1929:324-325, fig. 34, pi. 34: fig. 2. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] Genus Rhaphidoclypus A. Agassiz In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U462) considers Rhaphidoclypus A. Agassiz a sub¬ jective synonym of Clypeaster Lamarck. Recent Clypeaster ( Rhaphidoclypus ) fervens Koehler var. hiradicus Mortensen, 1948d:86-87, pi. 22: figs. 8, 10-11, pi. 65: fig. 12. [Japan.] C. ( R .) reticulatus (Linnaeus) var. sundaicus Mor¬ tensen, 1948d:77-78, pi. 17: figs. 3-10. [Indo- Pacific.] Oligocene C. (/?.) armadilloensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 139-140, pi. 2: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene R. costulatus Sanchez Roig, 1952e:130, pi. 13: fig. 2. [Cuba.] R. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 130—131, pi. 5: fig. 2. [Cuba.] Genus Rojasaster Sanchez Roig In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U463) considers Rojasaster a subjective synonym of Clypeaster. Upper Oligocene Rojasaster Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 133-134. Type- species: Clypeaster hernandezi Sanchez Roig. [Cuba.] R. camagueyanus Sanchez Roig, 1952e: 134—135, pi. 4: figs. 1-2, pi. 6: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Genus Stolonoclypus A. Agassiz In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U462) considers Stolonoclypus a subjective synonym of Clypeaster Lamarck. Recent Clypeaster ( Stolonoclypus ) lutkeni Mortensen, 1948d: 121-123, figs. 67-68, pi. 25: figs. 3-5, pi. 27: 60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY fig. 3, pi. 68: figs. 21-22; 1948e:69. [West Indies.] C. (S.) nummus Mortensen, 1948d:127, pi. 14: figs. 4-6, pi. 16: fig. 3, pi. 68: fig. 12; 1948e:69. [Tahiti, Society Islands, South Pacific Ocean.] Miocene S. ichnusae Checchia-Rispoli, 1928:12-17, fig. 3, pi. 2: fig. 4. [Sardinia.] S. incertus Checchia-Rispoli, 1928:19-20, pi. 2: fig. 3. [Sardinia.] S. pusillus Checchia-Rispoli, 1928:8-9, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 1-la, pi. 3: fig. 6. [Sardinia.] Genus Tholeopelta Lambert and Thiery In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U463) considers Tholeopelta a subjective synonym of Clypeaster. Oligocene T. herrerae Sanchez Roig, 1951:40-41. [Cuba.] Genus Zanolettia Sanchez Roig In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et ah, 1966: U463) considers Zanolettia a subjective synonym of Clypeaster Lamarck. Oligocene Zanolettia Sanchez Roig, 1951:39. Type-species: Z. zanolettii Sanchez Roig, 1951:40, pi. 23: figs. 2- 3. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene Z. gigantea Sanchez Roig, 1952c:3-4, pi. 12: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Family ARACHNOIDIDAE Duncan Subfamily ARACHNOIDINAE Duncan Genus Arachnoides Leske Recent A. tenuis H. L. Clark, 1938:415-417, pi. 27: figs. 3- 4. [Western Australia.] Genus Fellaster Durham Recent/ Pliocene Fellaster Durham, 1955:125—127, figs. If, 8i, 26f, 29b. Type-species: Arachnoides zelandiae Gray. [New Zealand.] Subfamily AMMOTROPHINAE Durham Ammotrophinae Durham, 1955:127. Type-genus: Ammotrophus H. L. Clark. [South Australia and Tasmania.] Genus Ammotrophus H. L. Clark Recent Ammotrophus H. L. Clark, 1928:471. Type-species: A. cyclius H. L. Clark, 1928:471-474, fig. 140. [South Australia.] A. platyterus H. L. Clark, 1928:474-475, fig. 141. [South Australia.] Genus Scutellinoides Durham Miocene Scutellinoides Durham, 1955: 128-129. Type-species: Scutellina patella Tate. [Australia.] Suborder LAGANINA Mortensen Genus Pentedium Kier Middle Eocene Pentedium Kier, 1967:989-990. Type-species: P. curator Kier, 1967: 990-993, figs. 1-3, pi. 129: figs. 3-4, pi. 130: figs. 2-7. [Georgia, U.S.A. Family is not known for this genus.] Family FIBULARIIDAE Gray Genus Fibularia Lamarck Because of confusion concerning the type-species of this genus, some of these species probably belong to Echinocyamus. NUMBER 34 61 Recent F. craniolaris H. L. Clark, 1928:477. [South Aus¬ tralia.] F. plateia H. L. Clark, 1928:477-478, fig. 142. [South Australia.] Tertiary F. rhedeni Lambert and Jeannet, 1928a:219. [Malaysia.] Upper Tertiary F. scrobiculata Lambert, 1931c:85, fig. 5, pi. 3: figs. 27-29. [Algiers, North Africa.] Miocene F. dubarensis Kier, 1957b:870-871, fig. 7c-e, pi. 104: figs. 9-11. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Dubar series.) F. excavata H. L. Clark, 1945:320-321, pi. 42: figs. d-f. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] F. sandalina Szorenyi, 1953:13, 60, pi. 5: figs. 6-6a. [Ukraine.] Middle Miocene F. sadeki Lambert, 1931d:209, pi. 5: figs. 25-30. [Egypt.] (Helvetian.) F. sulcata Lambert, 1928b:92, fig. 8. [France.] (Helvetian.) Lower Miocene F. junior Lambert, 1928b:91-92, fig. 7. [France.] (Langhian/Burdigalian.) Oligocene F. africana Checchia-Rispoli, 1929a:4-6, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [Cyrenaica, Libya.] F. cimex Lambert, 1938a:278-279, pi. 19: figs. 9-11. [Algeria, North Africa.] F. cyrenaica Checchia-Rispoli, 1929a:6-8, pi. 1: figs. 5-8. [Cyrenaica, Libya.] Eocene F. abrardi Lambert, 1924b:98, fig. 1. [France.] Upper Eocene F. alabamensis Cooke, 1959:31, pi. 9: figs. 20-22. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Probably Moodys Branch Fm.) F. minuta Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:64-65. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene F barbadosensis Kier, 1966b:4-7, figs. 1 (pt.), 2(pt.), 3(pt.), 4, 5a, 6a(pt.), 8, 9, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Bar¬ bados, Lesser Antilles, West Indies.] (Upper Scot¬ land Fm.) F. farallonensis Cooke, 1961:16, pi. 4: figs. 1-6. [Trinidad, Caribbean Ocean.] Cenozoic / Cainozoic? F. jacksoni Hawkins in Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:27-28, 76-77, pi. 4: figs. 3-5, pi. 22: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Genus Cyamidia Lambert and Thiery Eocene C. paucipora Brunnschweiler, 1962:162-164, fig. 1. [Western Australia.] (Cuisian/Lutetian.) Genus Echinocyamus van Phelsum Because of confusion concerning the type-species of this genus, some of these species may belong to Fibularia. Recent E. apicatus Mortensen, I948d: 195-196, figs. 98, 114, pi. 46: figs. 40-45; 1948e:71. [Australia.] E. convergens Mortensen, 1948d: 191—192, fig. 102b, pi. 46: figs. 56-58; 1948e:72. [Providence Island, West Indian Ocean.] E. crenulatus H. L. Clark, 1925a: 164-165, pi. 9: figs. 3-4. [Gambia, northwest Africa.] 62 E. grandis H. L. Clark, 1925a: 165-166, pi. 9: figs. 6-8. [Gambia, northwest Africa and Seychelle Islands, Indian Ocean.] E. planissimus H. L. Clark, 1938:422-423, pi. 27: figs. 5-8. [Western Australia.] E. terminalis Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:48-49, figs. 5, 6a-b. [Mexico.] E. scaber de Meijere var. subconicus Mortensen, 1948d: 188, pi. 46: figs. 34-36; 1948e:71. [Malay¬ sia, Kei Island.] Pleistocene E. prostratus Nisiyama, 1968:50-52, figs. 31a-d. [Southern Japan, Ryukyu Island.] Miocene E. chipolanus Cooke, 1942:29-30, pi. 1: figs. 9-11. [U.S.A.] (Chipola Fm.) E. lipparinii Airaghi, 1939:283-284, pi. 12: figs. 20-23. [North Africa.] E. parviporus Kier, 1964b: 1124-1125, figs. 331c-e, pi. 302: figs. 11-15. [Marshall Islands, West Pacific Ocean.] E. subpiriformis Cottreau, 1933:544, pi. 27: figs. 3-3b. [France.] E. woodi Currie, 1930:172, pi. 16: fig. 1. [East Africa.] Oligocene E. schoelleri Castex, 1947:31. [France.] Upper Oligocene E. avilensis Lambert, 193le:298—299, fig. 2. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Tertiary, Brod- ermann (1949:321) places it in Upper Oligocene of Cuba.] Eocene E. jacqueti Lambert, 1936a:349-350, pi. 21: figs. 16-18. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. jeanneti Lambert, 1931 d:200, fig. 11, pi. 5: figs. 31-33. [Egypt.] E. rostratus Lambert, 1929:193, figs. 1-2. [Mada¬ gascar, off east coast of Africa.] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Eocene E. macneili Cooke, 1959:32-33, pi. 9: figs. 6-8. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Probably Moodys Branch Fm.) E. petalus Kier, 1964b: 1121-1124, fig. 330, pi. 302: figs. 1-7. [Marshall Islands, West Pacific Ocean.] Middle Eocene E. bisexus Kier, 1968b: 12-21, figs. 11-23, pi. 3: figs. 1-6, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Georgia, U.S.A.] E. caribbeanensis Kier, 1966b:7-8, figs. 10 (part), 11 (part), 12a-d, pi. 1: figs. 4-5. [Barbados, Lesser Antilles, West Indies.] (Upper Scotland Fm.) E. basseae Lambert, 1936c:30, pi. 3: fig. 26. [Mada¬ gascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) E. maropiensis Lambert, 1936c:30, pi. 3: figs. 23-25. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) Lower Eocene E. cyphostomus Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:349, pi. 21: figs. 12-15. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. cyphostomus Lambert var. sulcata Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:349, pi. 21: fig. 15. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. planus Lambert, 1933a:32-33, pi. 2: figs. 13-15. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] Upper Cretaceous E. kamrupensis Das Gupta, 1929:26, pi. 2: fig. 3. [India.] (Upper Senonian.) Genus Eoscutum Lambert Eocene Scutellina ( Eoscutum) orientalis Vialov and Man- ouilenko, 1939:151-153, 167-169, pi. 1: figs. 1, 2a-d, 3-4, 6. [U.S.S.R.] (Alai' stage.) S. (E.) orientalis Vialov and Manouilenko var. elongala Vialov and Manouilenko, 1939:160-161, 174-175, pi. 2: figs. 4a-d. [U.S.S.R.] (Alai stage.) S. (E .) orientalis Vialov and Manouilenko var. kalizkyi Vialov and Manouilenko, 1939:155-156, 170-171, pi. 1: fig. 5. [U.S.S.R.] (Alai stage.) NUMBER 34 63 S. (E.) orientalis Vialov and Manouilenko var. nalivkini Vialov and Manouilenko, 1939:156-157, 171, pi. 2: figs. 5a-c. [U.S.S.R.] (Alai stage.) S. ( E .) orientalis Vialov and Manouilenko var. pentagona Vialov and Manouilenko, 1939:158- 160, 172-174, pi. 2: figs. 2a-c, 3. [U.S.S.R.] (Alai stage.) S. ( E.) orientalis Vialov and Manouilenko var. rotula Vialov and Manouilenko, 1939:157-158, 171-172, pi. 1: figs. 7a-c, 8, pi. 2: figs. la-c. [U.S.S.R.] (Alai stage.) Genus Fibulariella Mortensen Recent Fibularia (Fibulariella) Mortensen, 1948d:219; 1948e:72. Type-species: Fibularia acuta Yoshi- wara. [Indo-Pacific Ocean.] F. (F.) angulipora Mortensen, 1948d:224-225, fig. 121, pi. 46: figs. 1-1, 12-14; 1948e:72. [Gulf of Siam.] F. ( F .) oblonga Gray var. ambonensis Mortensen, 1948d:223-224, pi. 46: figs. 10-11. [Malaysia and south, west, and north Australia.] Genus Lenicyamidia Brunnschweiler Eocene Lenicyamidia Brunnschweiler, 1962:165. Type- species: L. compta Brunnschweiler, 1962:165-169, figs. 2-3. [Western Australia.] (Cuisian/Lutetian.) Genus Leniechinus Kier Middle Eocene Leniechinus Kier, 1968b:4—5. Type-species: L. her- ricki Kier, 1968b:5—12, figs. 1-3, 5-10, pi. 1: figs. 3-4, pi. 2: figs. 1-5. [Georgia, U.S.A.] Genus Lenita Desor Eocene L. israelskyi Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:49, pi. 8: figs. 6-7, 9. [U.S.A.] Genus Porpitella Pomel Middle Eocene P. micra H. L. Clark, 1937a:248-249, figs. 1-3. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Claiborne Fm.) P paleocaenica Villatte, 1966a:518-519, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [France.] Genus Scutellina L. Agassiz Eocene S. balcanica Gocev, 1933:47, pi. 7: figs. 13-17. [Bulgaria.] 5. conica Gocev, 1933:48, pi. 7: figs. 18a-d. [Bul¬ garia.] 5. transsylvanica Barbu and Dragos, 1957:647-649, pi. 2: figs. 3, 6, 8, 9, pi. 3: figs. 10-14, 18-19. [Rumania.] (Upper Lutetian.) S. transsylvanica Barbu and Dragos var. oblonga Barbu and Dragos, 1957:650-653, pi. 2: figs. 2, 5. [Rumania.] (Upper Lutetian.) 5. transsylvanica Barbu and Dragos var. orbiculata Barbu and Dragos, 1957: 649-650, pi. 2: figs. 4, 7, pi. 3: figs. 15, 17, 20-21. [Rumania.] (Upper Lutetian.) Genus Tarphypygus Arnold and H. L. Clark Eocene Tarphypygus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:42. Type-species: T. ellipticus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:43, pi. 6: figs. 10-12. [Jamaica. West Indies.] T. notabilis Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:43-44, pi. 6: figs. 13-15. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Upper Eocene T. palmeri Sanchez Roig, 1949:170. [Cuba. Al¬ though Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:328) considers it Middle to Upper Eocene.] T. sulcatus Sanchez Roig, 1949:170-171, pi. 50: fig. 5. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:328) con¬ siders it Middle to Upper Eocene.] 64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Togocyamus Oppenheim Paleocene T. alloiteaui Roman and Gorodiski, 1959:51-52, pi. 3: figs. 20-23. [Senegal.] Family LAGANIDAE A. Agassiz Genus Laganum Link Neogene L. boschi Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937: 253-254, figs. 35, 36a-b. [Dutch East Indies, West Pacific Ocean.] Recent L. boninense Mortensen, 1948d:328-330, fig. 162b, pi. 55: figs. 1-3, pi. 70: fig. 12; 1948e:70. [Bonin Island (Japan), West Pacific Ocean.] L. centrale H. L. Clark, 1925a: 155-156, pi. 9: figs. 1-2. [Tongatabu Reefs, Tonga Archipelago, South Pacific Ocean.] L. depression L. Agassiz var. alienum Mortensen, 1948d:322-323, pi. 53: figs. 31-32; 1948e:69. [Indo-Pacific.] L. depression L. Agassiz var. temie Mortensen, 1948d:319-322, pi. 53: figs. 3-4, 9; 1948e:69. [Indo-Pacific.] L. dickersoni Israelsky var. keiense Mortensen, 1948d:327-328, fig. 199c, pi. 53: figs. 2-5, pi. 70: figs. 11, 13; 1948e:70. [Malaysia.] L. dyscritum H. L. Clark, 1932:216-217, pi. 1: figs. 5-9. [Low Isles, Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific Ocean.] L. fudsiyama Doderlein var. africanum Mortensen, 1948d: 342-344, pi. 55: fig. 10; 1948e:70. [Natal, eastern Union of South Africa.] L. fudsiyama Doderlein var. indicum Mortensen, 1948b:8; 1948d:342, pi. 55: figs. 5-6, 11-13; 1948e:70. [Mauritius, Indian Ocean.] L. joubini Koehler var. formosum Mortensen, 1948d:331, pi. 55: fig. 4; 1948e:70. [Mauritius, Indian Ocean.] L. mirable H. L. Clark, 1925a: 158-159, pi. 9: figs. 9-10. [Madras, southeast India.] Pliocene L. dickersoni Israelsky, 1933b:302-303, pi. 2: figs. 1-9. [Philippine Islands, South Pacific Ocean.] L. equaepetala Israelsky, 1933b:303-304, pi. 2: figs. 10-12. [Philippine Islands.] L. fudsiyama Doderlein untenensis Cooke, 1954:48, pi. 9: figs. 7-11. [Okinawa, Japan.] (Naha Ls. in lower part of Ryukyu Ls.) Miocene L. pachycraspedum Nisiyama, 1968:73-74, pi. 15: figs. 9-10, 17. [Japan.] (Shirahama (Susaki) Fm.) Lower Miocene L. fudsiyama Doderlein takunagai Otuka, 1938: 18-19, pi. 2: figs. 22-23. [Japan.] (Siroyama Ss.) Oligocene L. leptum Jackson, 1937:233, pi. 13: fig. 4. [Mexico.] Upper Eocene L. cubanum Weisbord, 1934:48-50, pi. 4: figs. 8-10. [Cuba.] L. lamberti Sanchez Roig, 1949:108-109, pi. 16: fig. 2. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:323) con¬ siders it Middle to Upper Eocene.] L. ocalanum Cooke, 1942:23-24, pi. 2: figs. 7-10. [U.S.A.] L. santanae Sanchez Roig, 1949:109-110, pi. 15: figs. 1-2. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:323) con¬ siders it Middle to Upper Eocene.] Genus Jacksonaster Lambert and Thiery Pliocene J. gauthieri Lambert, 193Id:214—215, pi. 6: figs. 2-4. [Red Sea.] J. herklotzi Jeannet in Jeannet and Martin, 1937: 262-263, figs. 40a-c, 41-42. [Java, Indonesia.] NUMBER 34 65 Oligocene J. acunai Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926:59-60, pi. 13: figs. 6-7, 9. [Cuba.] /. acunai Lambert var. nuevitasensis Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926:60, pi. 13: fig. 9. [Cuba.] J. sanchezi Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926:61, pi. 13: figs. 4-5, 8. [Cuba.] J. torrei Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926:61-64, pi. 12: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene J. depressus Sanchez Roig, 1949:108, pi. 16: figs. 6-7. [Cuba.] J. remediensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:106-107, pi. 16: fig. 5. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene J. sandiegensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:107-108, pi. 16: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Genus Peronella Gray Recent P. japonica Mortensen, I948d:277-280, figs. 177c, 178c, 180b, 184a, 187a, pi. 49: figs. 1, 6-12; 1948e:71. [Japan.] P. keiensis Mortensen, 1948d:291-292, figs. 163e, 182c, 187e, pi. 49: figs. 2-5, pi. 72: figs. 7-8, 14; 1948e:71. [Malaysia.] P. lesueuri (Valenciennes) var. gadiana Mortensen, 1948d:270-272, fig. 177b, pi. 50: figs. 4-5, 9-10; 1948e:70. [Malaysia.] P. oblonga Mortensen, 1948d:299-300, fig. 188c, pi. 51: figs. 33-34; 1948e:71. [India.] P. orbicularis (Leske) var. concava Mortensen, 1948d:289-291, fig. 170c, pi. 51: figs. 26-28; 1948e:71. [Malaysia.] Pliocene P. kamimura Cooke, 1954:47-48, pi. 11: figs. 5-6. [Okinawa, Japan.] (Naha Ls. in lower part of Ryukyu Ls.) P. merrilli Israelsky, 1933b: 304-305, pi. 2: figs. 17- 19. [Philippine Islands.] P. motobu Cooke, 1954:48, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Oki¬ nawa, Japan.] (Naha Ls. in lower part of Ryukyu Ls.) P. ragayana Israelsky, 1933b:305, pi. 2: figs. 13-16. [Philippine Islands.] Eocene P. kloosi Molengraaff, 1929:76-77, pi. 26: figs. 3-4. [Curasao, Dutch West Indies.] P. lamberti Mortensen, 1927b:73, pi. 4: figs. 4—7; 1948d:256. [Spain. New name for Echinodiscus rostratus Lambert, 1927b.] P. martini Molengraaff, 1929:73-76, pi. 25: figs. 2-3, pi. 26: figs. 1-2. [Curasao, Dutch West In¬ dies.] Upper Eocene P. caribbeana Weisbord, 1934:52-53, pi. 5: figs. 7-9. [Cuba.] P. cubae Weisbord, 1934:53-54, pi. 5: figs. 4-6. [Cuba.] P. quinquenodulata Weisbord, 1934:50-52, pi. 5: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] Genus Peronellites Hayasaka and Morishita Miocene Peronella (Peronellites) Hayasaka and Morishita, A., 1947:101. Type-species: Peronella (Peronel¬ lites) ovalis Hayasaka and Morishita, A., 1947: 101-103, pi. 8: figs. 3, 5. [China.] Genus Rumphia Desor Upper Oligocene R. elegans Sanchez Roig, 1949:100-101, pi. 16: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Genus Sismondia Desor Middle Miocene S. naganoensis Morishita, 1953:218-219, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Japan.] (Lower part of Aoki Fm.) 66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lower Miocene S. javana Gerth ladronensis Nisiyama, 1968:59-61, pi. 13: figs. 6, 8-10, 13-16, pi. 14: figs. 3-8. [Sai¬ pan Island, Mariana Islands, Western Pacific.] (Donny-Tagpochau Fm., Aquitanian.) Oligocene S. convexa Nisiyama, 1937:41-45, figs. 1-13. [Bonin Islands, Japan.] Eocene S. crustula Hawkins in Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:28, 78-79, pi. 22: figs. 4-5. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Lower Eocene S. barabirensis Lambert, 1931d:200-201, pi. 5: figs. 34—36. [Egypt.] Family NEOLAGANIDAE Durham Neolaganidae Durham, 1954:680. Type-genus: Neo- laganum Durham. [Gulf of Mexico.] Genus Neolaganum Durham Upper Eocene Neolaganum Durham, 1954:680-681. Type-species: Laganum archerensis Twitched. [Gulf of Mexico.] N. durhami Cooke, 1959:52, pi. 21: figs. 5-7. [Flor¬ ida, U.S.A.] (Inglis and Ocala Ls.) Genus Cubanaster Sanchez Roig Upper Eocene Cubanaster Sanchez Roig, 1952a:3. Type-species: Jacksonaster lorrei Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926. [Cuba.] C. acunai Lambert gigas Siinchez Roig, 1952a:5, pi. 3: fig. 1. [Cuba.] C. camagueyensis Sanchez Roig, 1952a:4, pi. 2: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] C. herrerai Sanchez Roig, 1952a:6-7, pi. L fig. 7, pi. 3: fig. 2. [Cuba.] C. planipetalum Sanchez Roig, 1952a:7-8, pi. 1: figs. 2, 5. [Cuba.] C. santanae Sanchez Roig, 1952a:8, pi. 1: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Genus Durhamella Kier Middle Eocene Durhamella Kier, 1968b:23-24. Type-species: Laga¬ num ocalanum Cooke. [Georgia, U.S.A.] Genus Neorumphia Durham Upper Oligocene Neorumphia Durham, 1954:681-682. Type-species: Rumphia elegans Sanchez Roig. [Cuba.] Genus Sanchezella Durham Eocene Sanchezella Durham, 1954:682. Type-species: Jack¬ sonaster sanchezi Lambert. [West Indies.] Genus Weisbordella Durham Upper Eocene Weisbordella Durham, 1954:682. Type-species: Pe- ronella caribbeana Weisbord. [Gulf of Mexico.] Genus Wythella Durham Upper Eocene Wythella Durham, 1954:682-684. Type-species: La¬ ganum eldridgei Twitched. [Gulf of Mexico.] Suborder SCUTELLINA Haeckel Family SCUTELLIDAE Gray Genus Scutella Lamarck Miocene S. almerai Lambert parva Szor^nyi, 1953:19, 67, pi. 1: figs. 6, 6a-b. [Ukraine.] NUMBER 34 67 S. checchiae Desio, 1929:305-307, fig. 28, pi. 33: figs, la-b, pi. 38: figs. 2a-b. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] S. checchiae Desio var. occidentalis Desio, 1934:193, fig. 8, pi. 17: fig. 1. [Libya.] S. eichwaldi Szor^nyi, 1953:19-20, 67-68, pi. 1: fig. 5. [Ukraine.] S. fioridana Cooke, 1942:19, pi. 4: figs. 9-10. [U.S.A.] (Hawthorn Fm.) S. isidis Fourtau var. bardiensis Desio, 1929:304- 305, pi. 39: figs. la-b. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] (Vindobonian.) S. robecchibricchettii Desio, 1929:309-311, fig. 30, pi. 38: figs. la-b. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] 5. stefaninii Desio, 1929:307-309, fig. 29, pi. 40: figs. 3a-b. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] S. stefaninii Desio var. syrtica Desio, 1934:194-195, fig. 10, pi. 18: figs. la-b. [Libya.] S. szoerenyiae Sandor, 1969:255, pi. 1: figs. 1-2, pi. 2: fig. 1. [Hungary.] Middle Miocene S. media Schaffer, 1962:151-153, figs. Id-e, pi. 17: figs. 2-3. [Austria.] (Upper Helvetian.) S. montagnai Mirigliano, 1957:9-12, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Italy.] S. rnulticoncava Schaffer, 1962:154-156, fig. 10, pi. 17: figs. 4-5, pi. 18: figs. 1-5. [Austria.] (Lower Tortonian.) S. styriaca Schaffer, 1962:153-154, fig. 9, pi. 19: fig. 1. [Austria.] (Middle Tortonian.) S. vindobonensis Laube planata Kokay in Somos and Kokay, 1960:341-342, 346, pi. 16: figs. 1-2, pi. 17: fig. 3. [Hungary.] S. vindobonensis Laube secunda Schaffer, 1962:157- 159, fig. 11, pi. 19: figs. 2, 4. [Austria.] (Middle to upper Tortonian.) Lower Miocene S. hobarthi Kuhn, 1936:40-43, figs. 2-3, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Austria.] (Burdigalian/Aquitanian.) S. pseudosnbrotundaeformis Venzo, 1933:208-209; 1935:223-225, pi. 18: fig. 4. [Italy. New name for S. subrotundaeformis Oppenheim, 1903, not Schauroth, 1865.] (Chattian to Aquitanian.) S. scurellensis Venzo, 1933:209; 1935:226-227, pi. 18: figs. 1-2, pi. 19: fig. 4. [Italy.] Paleogene S. niponica Nagao, 1928:16, pi. 1: figs. 5-6. [Japan.] Oligocene S. chiesai Airaghi, 1939:268, pi. 12: figs. 3-6. [North Africa.] S. habanensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:113-114, pi. 33: fig. 2. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:328) says it is Lower to Upper Oligocene.] Upper Eocene S. camagueyana Weisbord, 1934:56-57, pi. 5: figs. 13-14. [Cuba.] S. cnbae Weisbord, 1934:55-56, pi. 5: figs. 10-12. [Cuba.] Genus Parascutella Durham Lower Miocene Parascutella Durham, 1953a:349-350. Type-species: Scutella leognanensis Lambert. [France.] (Burdi- galian.) Family PROTOSCUTELLIDAE Durham Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955:153. Type-genus: Protoscutella Stefanini. [Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of North America.] Genus Protoscutella Stefanini Middle Eocene P. pentagonium Cooke, 1942:18, pi. 2: figs. 4-6. [U.S.A.] Genus Periarchus Conrad Upper Eocene P. kezvi Cooke, 1942:16, pi. 1: figs. 12-14. [U.S.A.] P. lyelli Conrad floridanus Fischer, 1951:60-64, figs. 4-5, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [U.S.A.] P. rutriformis Paulson, 1958:362-365, figs. 5-6, 8. [North Carolina, U.S.A.] 68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Family EOSCUTELLIDAE Durham Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955:156. Type-genus: Eo- scutella Grant and Hertlein. [California and Ore¬ gon, U.S.A.] Genus Eoscutella Grant and Hertlein Upper Eocene Eoscutella Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:54. Type-spe- cies: Scutella coosensis Kew. [North America.] Family DENDRASTERIDAE Lambert Genus Dendraster L. Agassiz Recent D. excentricus (Eschscholtz) var. elongatus H. L. Clark, 1935:122-123. [California, U.S.A. (off the Coronados Islands).] D. laevis H. L. Clark, 1948:312-313, pi. 50: figs. 34—36. [California, U.S.A., and northwest Mex¬ ico.] D. mexicanus H. L. Clark, 1948:313, 317, pi. 51: figs. 37-39. [Lower California, U.S.A.] D. rugosus H. L. Clark, 1948:318-319, pi. 52: figs. 40-41. [Lower California Bay, San Sebastian Viz¬ caino, U.S.A.] Quaternary D. vizcainoensis Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:90, pi. 8: figs. 1-3. [California, U.S.A.] Upper Pleistocene D. vizcainoensis Grant and Hertlein similaris Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 90-91, pi. 27: figs. 1-2, pi. 28: fig. 8. [California, U.S.A.] (Palos Verdes Fm.) Pliocene D. gibbsii R^mond var. mirus Stewart in Wood¬ ring, Stewart, and Richards, 1940: 66, 80, pi. 44: figs. 4-5. [California, U.S.A.] (Siphonalia zone, Etchegoin Fm.) Upper Pliocene D. casseli Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 81-82, pi. 1: figs. 1-3, pi. 30: fig. 3. [California, U.S.A.] Middle Pliocene D. granti Durham, 1950:41-42, pi. 47: figs. 3-12. [California, U.S.A.] Lower Pliocene D. elsmerensis Durham, 1949:50-62, fig. 2f, pi. 1: figs. 2-4, 6. [U.S.A.] Genus Orchoporus Lambert and Thiery In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U481) considers Orchoporus a synonym of Merria- master Lambert. Middle Miocene O. lamberti Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:52, pi. 9: figs. 3, 6. [California, U.S.A.] Genus Scaphechinus A. Agassiz Miocene Echinarachnius (Scaphechinus) raritalis Nisiyama, 1951:3-5, figs. 1-3. [Japan.] (Taya Fm.) Genus Anorthoscutum Lambert and Thiery In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U481) considers Anorthoscutum a synonym of Scu- tellaster Cragin. Upper Pliocene A. oregonense Clark quaylei Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:93, pi. 21: fig. 13, pi. 30: fig. 11. [Califor¬ nia, U.S.A. For Dendraster (Calaster) oregonensis gibbosus Kew.] (Upper Wildcat Fm.) NUMBER 34 69 Family ECHINARACHNIIDAE Lambert Genus Echinarachnius Leske In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U482) considers Echinarachnius Leske a subjective synonym of Arachnoides Leske. Recent E. brevis Ikeda, 1936a: 1231-1233, figs. la-c. [Japan.] E. griseus Mortensen, 1927a: 195-200, figs, la, 2, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [Japan.] Neogene Echinarachnius ( Echinarachnius) laganolithinus Ni- siyama, 1940-1941:830-832, fig. 12, pi. 44: fig. 21, pi. 45: figs. 1-9. [Japan.] (Sibikawa Ss. beds.) E. (E.) microthyroides Nisiyama, 1940-1941:828- 829, fig. 11, pi. 44: figs. 17-20. [Japan.] (Suenoma- tuyama beds.) Lower Pleistocene E. parma (Lamarck) var. sakhalinensis Argamakova, 1934:25, 40, pi. 1: fig. 3. [U.S.S.R.] Pliocene E. alaskensis Durham, 1957:628-629, pi. 72: figs. 6, 8. [Alaska, U.S.A.] E. humilis Nisiyama, 1968:100-101, pi. 16: fig. 8. [Japan.] (Chokai Fm.) Middle Pliocene E. naganoensis Morishita, 1953:220-222, fig. 3a, pi. 1: fig. 4. [Japan.] (Upper part of Ogawa Fm.) Miocene E. gabbii R£mond kleinpelli Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:60. [U.S.A. New name for Scutella gabbi var. tenuis Kew, 1915.] (Lower San Pablo Grp.) E. rumoensis Hayasaka and Shibata, 1952:82-85, figs. la-c. [Japan.] (Togeshita Fm.) E. subtumidus Nisiyama and Hashimoto, 1950:39- 42, figs. 1-3. [Japan.] Upper Miocene E. kewi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 2: fig. 3 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] Middle Miocene E. blancoensis (Kew) var. etheringtoni Weaver, 1942:6, pi. 3: figs. 7-8. [U.S.A.] (Astoria Fm.) E. minoensis Morishita, 1955:229-231, pi. 11: figs. 5-7. [Japan. New name for Sismondia naganoen¬ sis Morishita, 1953, invalidated.] Genus Allaster Nisiyama Oligocene /Miocene Allaster Nisiyama, 1968:127-128. Type-species: A. rotundatus Nisiyama, 1968:128-129, pi. 17: fig. 5, pi. 18: figs. 1, 4. [Japan]. (Takinoue Fm.) Genus Astrodapsis Conrad Upper Pliocene A. israelskyi Jordon and Hertlein, 1926:424-425, pi. 27: figs. 4, 6. [Cedros Island, off lower Cali¬ fornia, U.S.A.] A. kewi Jordan and Hertlein, 1926:425—426, pi. 27: figs. 2-3. [Cedros Island, off lower California, U.S.A.] Pliocene / Miocene A. nipponicus Nisiyama, 1948:602-604, pi. 88: figs. 1-6, 8, 10-13. [Japan.] Upper Miocene A. altus Kew var. antiquus Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 15 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Mid¬ middle Cierbo.) A. armstrongi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 14 and plate explana¬ tion. [California, U.S.A.] (Mid-middle Cierbo.) A. auguri Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 4 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Early upper Briones.) 70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY A. blakei Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 7: fig. 7 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Early lower Neroly.) A. brewerianus Remond var. bitterensis Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 9 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Upper Briones; doubtful lower and early middle Cierbo.) A. brewerianus Remond var. emergens Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 11 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.J (Early lower Cierbo.) A. brewerianus Remond var. junior Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 18 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Late middle Cierbo.) A. cierboensis Kew branchensis Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: figs. 12- 12a and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Cierbo; late upper Briones.) A. clarki Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 7: fig. 1 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Late upper Cierbo.) A. cutleri Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 1 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Early upper Cierbo.) A. davisi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 7: fig. 3 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Late upper Cierbo.) A. desaixi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 5 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. diabloensis Kew var. superior Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 16 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Late middle Cierbo.) A. elevation Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 12 1/2 and plate explana¬ tion. [California, U.S.A.] (Early lower Cierbo.) A. englishi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 7 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. galei Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 8 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Upper Briones to lower to middle Cierbo.) A. goudkoffi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 6 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. gregerseni Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 4 and plate explana¬ tion. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. gregerseni Grant and Eaton var. fragilis Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 2 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. gregerseni Grant and Eaton var. varians Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 8 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle and late upper Cierbo.) A. hertleini Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 9: fig. 2 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Later lower Neroly.) A. hootsi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: figs, lla-b and plate explana¬ tion [California, U.S.A.] (Early lower Cierbo.) A. isabellae Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 7: fig. 2 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Late upper Cierbo.) A. johnsoni Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 3 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. johnsoni Grant and Eaton simile Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 3a and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. major Kew var. parens Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 7: fig. 6 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Early lower Neroly.) A. ovalis Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 17 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Late middle Cierbo.) A. perrini Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 8: fig. 6 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to lower Neroly.) A. quaylei Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 6: fig. 9 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Middle to upper Cierbo.) A. reedi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: figs. 13—13a and plate explana¬ tion. [California, U.S.A.] (Mid-middle Cierbo.) A. salinasensis Richards, 1935:61-63, pi. 7: figs. 2a-c. [California U.S.A.] A. schencki Grant and Hertlein, 1938b:76, fig. 8. [California, U.S.A.] A. schencki Grant and Hertlein var. mirandaensis Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, NUMBER 34 71 1941: pi. 9: figs. 4-4a and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Early upper Neroly.) A. schucherti Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 6 and plate explana¬ tion. [California, U.S.A.] (Upper Briones.) A. schucherti Grant and Eaton var. affinis Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 5: fig. 10 and plate explanation. [California, U.S.A.] (Late upper Briones.) A. woodringi Grant and Eaton in Eaton, Grant, and Allen, 1941: pi. 8: fig. 1 and plate explana¬ tion. [California, U.S.A.] (Early lower Neroly.) Genus Kewia Nisiyama Miocene / Oligocene K. minuta Shibata, 1960:308-310, figs. 3-4, pi. 35: figs. 3-9. [Japan.] Middle Miocene K. ugoensis Shibata, 1960:307-308, figs. 1-2, pi. 35: fi g s - [J a P an -J Oligocene Echinarachnius (Kewia) elongatus Nisiyama, 1940— 1941:824-826, fig. 9, pi. 44: figs. 13-16. [Japan.] (Japanese Saghalien.) E. (K.) parvus Nisiyama, 1940-1941:822-823, pi. 44: figs. 7-12. [Japan.] (Japanese Saghalien.) Genus Nipponaster Durham Pliocene /Miocene Nipponaster Durham, 1952:844-846, fig. Id. Type- species: Astrodapsis nipponicus Nisiyama. [Ja¬ pan.] Genus Pseudoastrodapsis Durham In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U482) considers Pseudoastrodapsis Durham an ob¬ jective synonym of Nipponaster Durham. Pliocene /Miocene Pseudoastrodapsis Durham, 1953b: 756. Type-spe¬ cies: Astrodapsis nipponicus Nisiyama. [Japan. New name for Nipponaster Durham, 1952, not Niponaster Lambert, 1920.] Lower Pliocene P. nitidiusculus Nisiyama, 1968:126-127, pi. 16: figs. 15-17, pi. 17: figs. 2-3, 6. [Japan.] Miocene P. intermedius Nisiyama, 1968:125-126, pi. 16: figs. 9-12, 14. [Japan.] (Kawabata Fm.) Genus Remondella Durham Lower Pliocene Remondella Durham, 1955:168-169, figs. 14e, 36a, 36c. Type-species: Clypeaster gahbii R&nond. [California, U.S.A.] Genus Tenuirachnius Durham Upper Miocene Tenuirachnius Durham, 1955:169, fig. 36b. Type- species: Scutella gabbii R^mond tenuis Kew = Echinarachnius gabbii (Remond) kleinpelli Grant and Hertlein. Not E. tenuis Yoshiwara. [Cali¬ fornia, U.S.A.] Genus Vaquerosella Durham Lower Miocene Vaquerosella Durham, 1955:166-167, figs. 16c, 21e, 21 f, 36d, 36e. Type-species: Scutella andersoni Twitchell. [Baja California, U.S.A.] Family MONOPHORASTERIDAE Lahille Genus Karlaster Santos Miocene Karlaster Marchesini Santos, 1958:16-18, 21-22. Type-species: Karlaster pirabensis Marchesini Santos, 1958:18-19, pi. 5: figs. 1-3. [Brazil.] 72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Family MELLITIDAE Stefanini Genus Mellita L. Agassiz Recent M. grantii Mortensen, 1948d:428-429, fig. 244c, pi. 15: fig. 3, pi. 59: figs. 4-5; 1948e:72. [Gulf of Cali¬ fornia, U.S.A./Mexico.] M. lata H. L. Clark, 1940a:437-439, pi. 60: fig. 1, pi. 61: fig. 1, pi. 62: figs. 1-2. [Eastern Pacific Ocean.] M. latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940a:439-442, pi. 62: figs. 3-6. [Caribbean Ocean.] M. notabilis H. L. Clark, 1947:77-78. [West coast of Central America.] M. platensis Bernasconi, 1947:117-118. [Argentina.] M. quinquiesperforata (Leske) tenuis H. L. Clark, 1940a: 442-444, pi. 60: fig. 2, pi. 61: fig. 2. [Flor¬ ida, U.S.A.] Upper Pleistocene M. kanakoffi Durham, 1961 b: 5—7, fig. Id, pi. 2: fig. 2. [California, U.S.A.] Upper Miocene M. aclinensis Kier, 1963:40-45, figs. 36-41, pi. 15: figs. 1-3, tables 3-4. [Florida, U.S.A.] (Tamiami Fm.) Genus Encope L. Agassiz Recent E. cocosi H. L. Clark, 1948:330, pi. 56: figs. 48-49. [Cocos Island, Costa Rica.] E. ecuadorensis H. L. Clark, 1948:333-334, pi. 59: figs. 54-55. [Ecuador.] E. fragilis FI. L. Clark, 1948:335-336, pi. 60: figs. 56-57. [Mexico, Petatlan Bay to Tenacatita Bay.] E. insularis H. L. Clark, 1948:336-337, pi. 61: figs. 58-59. [Mexico, Socorro and Clarion Islands.] (Revilla Gigedo Gp.) E. irregularis H. L. Clark, 1948:332-333, pi. 58: figs. 52-53. [Colombia to Costa Rica.] E. laevis H. L. Clark, 1948:327-328, pi. 54: fig. 45, pi. 55: fig. 46. [Nicaragua.] E. micropora L. Agassiz var. borealis A. H. Clark, 1946:6-7, pi. 4. [Pacific Ocean.] E. micropora L. Agassiz galapagensis A. H. Clark, 1946:7. [Pacific Ocean.] E. perspectiva L. Agassiz jonesi A. H. Clark, 1946: 7-8. [Pacific Ocean.] E. wetmorei A. H. Clark, 1946:2-5, pis. 1-2 (upper fig.) [Pacific Ocean.] Recent/Pleistocene E. arcensis Durham, 1950:44, pi. 37: fig. 8, pi. 40: figs. 5-6. [California, U.S.A.] Pleistocene E. grandis Agassiz inezana Durham, 1950:45-46, pi. 37: fig. 10, pi. 38: fig. 4. [California, U.S.A.] Pleistocene/Late Miocene E. michelini Agassiz imperforata Kier, 1963:33-36, figs. 25-30, pi. 5: fig. 1, pi. 6: figs. 3-4, table 2. [Florida, U.S.A.] Tertiary E. homala Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:142-143, pi. 2: fig. 1. [Manchester Parish, Jamaica.] Pliocene E. macrophora Ravenel tamiamiensis Mansfield, 1932:48, pi. 17: fig. 8. [U.S.A.] E. secoensis Cooke, 1961:18-19, pi. 8: fig. 1, pi. 9: figs. 1-2. [Venezuela.] Upper Pliocene E. carrnenensis Durham, 1950:44-45, pi. 37: fig. 5, pi. 40: fig. 4, pi. 44: fig. 1. [California, U.S.A.] E. shepherdi Durham, 1950:48, pi. 37: fig. 11, pi. 38: fig. 6, pi. 40: fig. 2. [California, U.S.A.] Middle Pliocene E. angelensis Durham, 1950:43-44, pi. 37: fig. 15, pi. 42: figs. 1, 3-4, 10. [California, U.S.A.] NUMBER 34 Lower Pliocene 73 E. chaneyi Durham, 1950:45, pi. 37: fig. 7, pi. 43: fig. 6. [California, U.S.A.] E. loretoensis Durham, 1950:46, pi. 37: fig. 4, pi. 41: figs. 1, 4-5. [California, U.S.A.] E. scrippsae Durham, 1950:47-48, pi. 37: fig. 14, pi. 41: figs. 2, 3, 6, pi. 42: figs. 2, 5-8. [California, U.S.A.] E. sverdrupi Durham, 1950:48-49, pi. 37: fig. 6, pi. 39: figs. 4, 6. [California, U.S.A.] Miocene E. kugleri Jeannet, 1928b:220. [Venezuela?] E. peruviana Brighton, 1926a:61-69, figs. 1-7, pis. 3-5. [Peru.] E. vonderschmitti Jeannet, 1928b:220. [Locality?] E. wiedenmayeri Jeannet, 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] Middle Miocene E. kugleri Jeannet, 1928a:23-26, figs. 4-6, pi. 3: figs. 5-6. [Venezuela.] (Serie de Capadare.) E. vonderschmitti Jeannet, 1928a:26-28, figs. 7-8, pi. 3: figs. 7-8. [Venezuela.] (Serie de Capadare, couches d’Ojo de Agua.) E. wiedenmayeri Jeannet, 1928a:20-23, fig. 3, pi. 3: figs. 1-4. [Venezuela.] (Couches d’Ojo de Agua, base des Calcaires de Capadare.) Genus Mellitella Duncan Pliocene/Miocene Encope (Melitella [sic]) falconensis Cooke, 1961: 19-20, pi. 8: figs. 2-4. [Venezuela.] Family ASTRICLYPEIDAE Stefanini Genus Astriclypeus Verrill Miocene A. manni Verrill minoensis Morishita, 1952:113, pi. 11: fig. 1. [Japan.] (Shukunohora Ss.) Lower Miocene A. manni Verrill ambigenus Nisiyama, 1935:MO- 145, figs. 3a-c, pi. 8: figs. 1-3. [Japan.] Genus Amphiope L. Agassiz Miocene A. bioculata Desmoulin var. bentivegnae Desio, 1934:191, fig. 7, pi. 16: figs. la-b. [Libya.] A. bioculata Desmoulins var. pelatensis Fabre, 1933: 33-36. [France.] Middle Miocene A. dallonii Lambert, 1931c:88-89, pi. 3: fig. 30. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Helvetian.) A. labriei Lambert, 1928b: 113-114; 1928e: pi. 8: fig. 3. [France.] (Helvetian.) A. nuragica Comaschi Caria, 1956:186, pi. 1. [Sar¬ dinia, Mediterranean Sea.] (Helvetian.) Genus Echinodiscus Leske Recent E. auritus Leske var. siamensis Mortensen, 1948d: 404-406, pi. 56: figs. 1-3, pi. 71: figs. 1, 4-5, 10- 11, 13-14, 17, 22; 1948e:72. [Indo-Pacific.] Miocene/Oligocene E. transiens Nisiyama, 1968:133-134, pi. 17: fig. 1. [Japan.] (Yamaga Fm.) Lower Tertiary E. ginauensis Clegg, 1933:10-11, pi. 1: figs. 4a-4b. [Persian Gulf.] Paleogene E. chikuzenensis Nagao, 1928:17, pi. 1: figs. 15-17. [Japan.] Genus Tretodiscus Pomel In the Treatise, Durham (Durham et al., 1966: U489) considers Tretodiscus a synonym of Echino¬ discus Leske. Miocene T. fuchsi (Fourtau) var. giarabubensis Desio, 1929: 315-316, fig. 31, pi. 38: figs. 3-4. [Oasis of Giara- bub, Libya.] 74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Family ABERTELLIDAE Durham Abertellidae Durham, 1955:177. Type-genus: Aber- tella Durham. [Caribbean and Atlantic coast of North America.] Genus Abertella Durham Miocene Abertella Durham, 1953a:350-351. Type-species: Scutella aberti Conrad. [U.S.A.] Middle Miocene A. kewi Durham, 1957:627-628, fig. 2, pi. 72: figs. 1, 7. [Mexico.] Lower Miocene A. palmeri Durham, 1957:626-627, pi. 72: figs. 4, 9-10. [Guatemala.] Family SCUTASTERIDAE Durham Scutasteridae Durham, 1955:178. Type-genus: Scu- taster Pack. [California, U.S.A.] Genus Scutaster Pack Lower Miocene S. vaquerosensis Loel and Corey, 1932:179-180, pi. 5: figs, la-b, 3. [California, U.S.A.] (Vaqueros Fm.) S. vaquerosensis Loel and Corey var. kewi Loel and Corey, 1932:180, pi. 5: fig. 4. [California, U.S.A.] (Vaqueros Fm.) Suborder ROTULINA Durham Family ROTULIDAE Gray Genus Rotula Schumacher Quaternary / Pliocene R. orbiculus (Linne) angolensis Gonsalves and Ro¬ man, 1963:101-106, pis. 1-5. [Angola, southwest Africa.] Genus Rotuloidea Etheridge Lower Miocene R. vieirai Dartevelle, 1953:103—107, figs. 22—23, pi. 6: fig. 4, pi. 7: figs. 1-2, pi. 16: figs. 1-8. [Luanda, northwest Angola, southwest Africa.] (Upper Bur- digalian.) Suborder Uncertain Family Uncertain Genus Runa L. Agassiz Upper Pliocene R. paromaica Argamakova, 1934:29, 41-42, fig. 14, pi. 1: fig. 7. [U.S.S.R.] Superorder ATELOSTOMATA Zittel Order CASSIDULOIDA Claus Order GALEROPYGOIDA Mintz Galeropygoida Mintz, 1968:1287-1288. Family GALEROPYGIDAE Lambert Genus Galeropygus Cotteau Middle Jurassic G. marcoui Desor var. recincta Mercier, 1935:29-30. [France.] (Lower Bajocian.) G. welschi Lambert, 1935a:529-530, pi. 26: figs. 10-11. [France.] (Bathonian.) Genus Hyboclypus L. Agassiz Middle Jurassic H. schliunbergeri Lambert, 1935a: 531. [France, Alsace.] (Bathonian.) NUMBER 34 75 Genus Laticlypus Szorenyi Upper Jurassic Laticlypus Szorenyi, 1966:446-447. Type-species: L. giganteus Szorenyi, 1966:448-449, figs. 1-5. [Hungary.] (Oxfordian or upper Dogger.) Genus Stegopygus Devries and Alcayde Upper Cretaceous Stegopygus Devries and Alcayde, 1966:21-25. Type- species: S. langeensis Devries, 1966:21-25, pis. 1-2. [France.] (Cenomanian.) Family CLYPEIDAE Lambert Genus Clypeus Leske Upper Jurassic C. rostellus Currie, 1925:64-65, pi. 10: figs. 3a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Corallian.) C. wylliei Currie, 1925:63-64, pi. 10: figs, la-c, 2. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Bathonian.) Genus Crotoclypeus Pomel In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U499) considers Crotoclypeus Pomel a subjective synonym of Clypeus Leske. Jurassic C. cottreaui Besairie and Lambert in Lambert, 1933a: 11. [Madagascar, off East African coast.] Genus Dactyloclypeus Maccagno In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U499) considers Dactyloclypeus a subjective synonym of Clypeus Leske. Jurassic Clitopygus (Dactyloclypeus) Maccagno, 1947b: 126— 129, pi. 1: figs. 11, lla-b. Type-species: Clypeus wylliei Currie. [North Africa.] Genus Bothryopneustes Fourtau Middle Jurassic B. besairiei Besairie, 1936:128, pi. 8: figs. 10-12. Madagascar, off East Africa coast.] (Upper Bathonian.) B. galhauseni Lambert, 1933b:58-59, pi. 2: figs. 17-19. [North Africa.] (Bathonian.) Genus Clypeobrissus Currie In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U499) considers Clypeobrissus Currie a subjective syno¬ nym of Bothryopneustes Fourtau. Jurassic Clypeobrissus Currie, 1925:69. (Bathonian.) Type- species: C. somaliensis Currie, 1925:69-70, fig. 13, pi. 10: figs. 6a-c, 7. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Corallian.) [Bathonian according to Currie (1927:411).] Genus Pseudopygurus Lambert Upper Jurassic P. ambroggii Petitot, 1954:83-86, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 1-7. [Morocco.] (Oxfordian.) Middle Jurassic P. hathirae Parnes, 1961:217-222, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-6. [Israel.] (Middle Callovian.) Genus Pygurus L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous P lampassiformis Tzankov, 1934:204-205, 218-219, pi. 2: fig. 2. [Bulgaria.] (Santonian.) Middle Jurassic P. cottreaui Besairie, 1930:196-197, pi. 9: figs. 2-2a. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) 76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Middle Jurassic P. depressus Agassiz var. somaliensis Currie, 1925: 65-67, fig. 11, pi. 10: figs. 4a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Bathonian/Callovian.) P. smelliei Currie, 1925:67-69, fig. 12, pi. 10: figs. 5a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa. According to Cur¬ rie (1927:411) this species is from the Bathonian.] Subgenus Pygurus ( Pygurus ) Lower Cretaceous Pygurus (Pygurus) complanatus Tanaka, 1965: 128-129, pi. 15: figs, la-c, 2a-c. [Japan.] Genus Echinopygus d’Orbigny In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U499) considers Echinopygus a subjective synonym of Pygurus (Pygurus). Upper Cretaceous Pygurus (Echinopygus) tinocoi Beurlen, 1966: 458-459, fig. 2, pi. 1: fig-2. [Brazil.] (Cenomanian.) Lower Cretaceous Pygurus (Echinopygus) jagueyanus Cooke, 1955:98, pi. 23: figs. 5-9. [Colombia.] (Upper Albian.) Jurassic E. checchiai Maccagno, 1947b: 134-136, fig. 4c, pi. 1: figs. 14, 14a-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Family NUCLEOLITIDAE L. Agassiz and Desor Genus Nucleolites Lamarck Eocene N. hakalovi Gocev, 1933:48-49, pi. 7: figs. 8-12. [Bulgaria.] Cretaceous N. wilderae Ikins, 1940:76, pi. 6: figs. 5a-c. [Texas, U.S.A.] Upper Cretaceous N. simpaticus Sanchez Roig, l952d:51-52, pi. 17: figs. 7-8. [Cuba.] (Senonian.) N. tornacensis Smiser, 1935b:50, pi. 4: figs, lla-d. [Belgium.] (Cenomanian.) Genus Clitopygus Pomel In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U501) considers Clitopygus a subjective synonym of Nucleolites Lamarck. Upper Cretaceous C. cantrainei Smiser, 1935b:51, pi. 4: figs. 12a-d. [Belgium.] (Cenomanian.) Middle Jurassic C. basseae Lambert, 1936c:22, pi. 4: figs. 14-16. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Callovian.) C. moutieri Mercier, 1932:233-234, pi. 10: figs. 7a-b. [France.] (Upper Bathonian.) Genus Echinobrissus Gray In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U501) considers Echinobrissus an objective synonym of Nucleolites. Upper Cretaceous E. chirakhanensis Chiplonker, 1939:237-238, pi. 25: figs. 3a-b. [India.] (Cenomanian.) E. cre?nai Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:24-25, pi. 8: figs. 10-13. [Tripoli, Libya.] (Senonian.) E. cubensis Weisbord, 1934:27-28, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] E. franchii Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:25-26, pi. 8: figs. 14-17, pi. 9: fig. 4. [Tripoli, Libya.] (Seno¬ nian.) E. hierosolymitanus Blanckenhorn, 1925 [1924]:95, pi. 7: figs. 19-23. [Palestine, Israel.] (Turonian/ Santonian.) E. malwaensis Chiplonker, 1939:236-237, pi. 25: figs. la-b. [India.] (Cenomanian.) E. rajnathi Chiplonker, 1939:238-240, pi. 25: figs. 2a-b. [India.] (Cenomanian.) NUMBER 34 77 Middle Jurassic E. pilensis Jesionek-Szymanska, 1963:349-351, 402, 413, text-pl. 5: figs. 1-5, pi. 3: figs. 3a-d. [Poland.] (Upper Bathonian.) Genus Catopygus L. Agassiz Upper Eocene C. riveroi Sanchez Roig, 1952d:50—51, pi. 17: figs. 5-6. [Cuba.] Cretaceous C. jeanneti Lambert, 193le:303, pi. 17: figs. 19-23. [Cuba.] Upper Cretaceous C. conformis Desor var. conoideus Tzankov, 1934: 203, 218, pi. 1: fig. 12. [Bulgaria.] (Maestrichtian/ Upper Campanian.) C. in flatus Regnell, 1955:22-27, pi. 1: figs. la-d. [Sweden.] (Maestrichtian?) C. irregularis Smiser, 1935b:56-57, pi. 5: figs. 7a-i. [Belgium and Holland.] (Maestrichtian?) C. mississippiensis Cooke, 1953:15-16, pi. 5: figs. 3-6. [Mississippi, U.S.A.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) C. rodriguezi Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1926:71, pi. 10: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] (Senonian.) C. subcircularis Smiser, 1935b:56, pi. 5: figs. 6a-d. [Belgium and Holland.] (Maestrichtian?) C. zinai Airaghi, 1939:259, pi. 11: figs. 3-4. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian?) Genus Clypeopygus d’Orbigny Upper Cretaceous C. bulgaricus Tzankov, 1934:200-201, 217-218, pi. 2: figs. la-b. [Bulgaria.] (Maestrichtian.) C. dallonii Lambert, 1935c:360-361, pi. 16: figs. 4-6. [Algeria, North Africa.] (Santonian.) C. darnujiensis Sanchez Roig, 1952d:49-50, pi. 17: fig. 3. [Cuba.] (Senonian.) C. habanensis Weisbord, 1934:32-34, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] Genus Oolopygus d’Orbigny Upper Cretaceous O. convexus Smiser, 1935b:59, pi. 6: figs. la-d. [Belgium.] (Maestrichtian.) Catopygus ( Oolopygus ) gonzalezi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 145-146, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] O. jandrainensis Smiser, 1935b:58, pi. 5: figs. 9a-d. [Belgium.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Phyllobrissus Cotteau Upper Cretaceous P. oblongus Smiser, 1935b:53, pi. 5: figs. 2a—f. [Belgium.] (Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous P. artesianus Hawkins, 1926:189-191, fig. 23. [Eng¬ land.] (Aptian.) P. zulianus Cooke, 1961:6-7, pi. 1: figs. 10-12. [Venezuela.] (Aptian.) Genus Plagiochasma Pomel Lower Cretaceous P. coxwellense Melville, 1952:2-5, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs, la-c. [England.] (Upper Aptian.) Genus Trematopygus d’Orbigny In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U505) considers Trematopygus an objective synonym of Plagiochasma Pomel. Upper Cretaceous T. novaki Zazvorka, 1952:1-4, 3 figs., pi. 1. [Bohe¬ mia.] (Lower Turonian.) Genus Pygorhynchus L. Agassiz Upper Oligocene P. riveroi Sanchez Roig, 1949:125-126, pi. 17: fig. 1. [Cuba.] 78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Eocene Cassidulus ( Pygorhynchus) berryi Kellum, 1926:15, pi. 1: figs. 4-7. [North Carolina, U.S.A.] C. (P.) carolinensis Twitchell var. cravenensis Kel¬ lum, 1926:15, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [North Carolina, U.S.A.] C. (P.) sabistonensis Kellum, 1931:51. [North Caro¬ lina, U.S.A. New name for C. berryi Kellum, 1926, not Twitchell, 1915.] Upper Cretaceous P conicus Smiser, 1935b:48, pi. 4: figs. 9a-d. [Bel¬ gium.] (Maestrichtian.) P. ovalis Smiser, 1935b:47, pi. 4: figs. 7a-d. [Bel¬ gium.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Botriopygus d’Orbigny In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U506) considers Botriopygus an objective synonym of Pygorhynchus L. Agassiz. Upper Cretaceous B. jesusmariae Sanchez Roig, 1949:129-130. [Cuba.] (Senonian.) B. lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1933b: 17-18, pi. 2: figs. 13-16. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) B. millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli, 1933b: 14-16, pi. 2: figs. 8-12. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) B. vinassai Serra, 1935:123-124, pi. 5: figs. 1, la-c. [Tripoli, North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous B. royoi Lambert, 1935f:524, pi. 58: figs. 8-9. [Spain.] (Aptian.) Family ECHINOLAMPADIDAE Gray Genus Echinolampas Gray Recent E. alexandri de Loriol var. forcipulata Mortensen, 1948c:286, fig. 272b, pi. 3: figs. 8-9, pi. 4: fig. 10, pi. 14: figs. 10-12. [Indian Ocean.] E. alexandri de Loriol var. sibogae Mortensen, 1948c:285-286, fig. 268c, 270b, 272c, pi. 14: figs. 2, 5-6, 13. [Malaysia.] E. koreana H. L. Clark, 1925a: 183-184, pi. 10: figs. 4—5. [Korean Strait, eastern channel between South Korea and southwest Japan.] Tertiary E. madurensis K. Martin, 1919:54, 111. [Java, Indonesia.] (Neogene.) Lower Tertiary E. omanensis Clegg, 1933:11-12, pi. 1: figs. 5a-c. [Arabia.] E. peyroti Castex, 1930:33-34, pi. 2: figs. 5-7. [France.] Pliocene E. woodi Currie, 1930:176-177, pi. 16: fig. 6. [Mom¬ basa Island, East Africa.] Miocene E. atrophus Lambert podolicus Szor^nyi, 1953:34-35, 85-86, pi. 6: figs. 4, 4a-b. [Ukraine.] E. consolationis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 148-149, pi. 4: figs. 9-11. [Cuba.] E. delorenzoi Mirigliano, 1938:46-50, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Italy.] E. hemisphericus Lamarck var. bardiensis Desio, 1929:330-331, fig. 37, pi. 36: fig. 2. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] (Porto Bardia.) E. hemisphericus Lamarck var. cyrenaicus Desio, 1929:329-330, fig. 36, pi. 36: figs. la-b. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] (Porto Bardia.) E. mestrei Sanchez Roig, 1926:75-76, pi. 10: fig. 7. [Cuba.] E. paraensis Marchesini Santos, 1958:12-14, 20, pi. 1: figs. 1-2, pi. 2: fig. 5. [Brazil.] E. percrassus Meznerics, 1941:90, pi. 2: fig. 4, pi. 3: fig. 4. [Hungary.] E. vadaszi Roman in Roman and Gonsalves, 1965: 309. [Hungary and Czechoslovakia. For E. ( Het- eroclypeus) hungaricus Vadasz, 1915, not E. hungarica Dornyai, 1913.] E. woodringi Durham, 1961:481, figs. 1A, 2A, pi. 68: figs. 2-3, 7. [Costa Rica.] NUMBER 34 79 Lower Miocene E. concavus Hayasaka, 1947:103-105, pi. 9: fig. 2; 1948:89-90. [China.] E. visedoi Lambert, 1935b: 367, pi. 41: figs. 1-3. [Spain.] (Aquitanian.) Oligocene E. camagueyensis Weisbord, 1934:81-83, pi. 8: figs. 9-11. [Cuba.] E. daguini Castex, 1930:36, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [France.] (Stampian.) E. rollandi ? Lambert, 1931c: 107, pi. 6: fig. 1. [Tunis, North Africa.] N. santaclarae Sanchez Roig, 1951:55-56, pi. 32: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene E. cojimarensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:152-153, pi. 19: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] E. hemisphericus Lambert var. cubensis Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:149-150. [Cuba. Although Palmer considered this species Lower Miocene, Brodermann (1949:321) says it is Upper Oligo¬ cene.] E. munozi Sanchez Roig, 1949:157-158, pi. 19: figs. 1-3. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:321) says it is Lower to Upper Oligocene.] E. umbella Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:151-152. [Cuba. Although Palmer cites this as Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:321) says this species is Upper Oligocene.] Oligocene or Eocene E. marcaisi Lambert, 1937:92-93, pi. 2: fig. 4. [Morocco.] (Lower Lutetian.) Eocene E. altissima Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:47-48, pi. 9: figs. 1-4. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] E. anceps Chautard and Lambert var. in flat a Lam¬ bert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:355, pi. 22: fig. 9. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. anceps Chautard and Lambert var. planipetala Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:355, pi. 22: figs. 7-8. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. atascaderensis Brighton, 1926b:370, figs. 3a-d. pi. 26: fig. i. [Peru.] (Atascadero Ls.) E. bothriopygoides Lambert, 1937:87, pi. 3: figs. 9-11. [Morocco.] E. brachytona Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:49-50, pi. 9: figs. 5-6. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] E. cuvillieri Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:356, pi. 22: figs. 12-14. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. jacqueti Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:355-356, pi. 22: figs. 4-6. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. macrostoma Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:356-357, pi. 23: figs. 1-3. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. marioi Roman in Roman and Gonsalves, 1965: 289-290. [Cuba. New name for Palaeolampas elongata Roig, 1953, not E. elongata Laube, 1868.] E. menchikoffi Lambert, 1935c:364-365, pi. 16: figs. 10-11. [Libya, North Africa.] E. paragoga Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:50-51, pi. 9: figs. 9-13. [Jamaica.] E. rombellipsoidalis Thirring, 1936:57-58, pi. 2: figs. 13-14. [Hungary.] E. strongyla Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:51, pi. 9: figs. 14-17. [Jamaica.] Upper Eocene E. chiesai Airaghi, 1939:273, pi. 11: figs. 8-11. [North Africa.] E. nuevitasensis Weisbord, 1934:65-67, pi. 7: figs. 4-6. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene E. africanus de Loriol var. tanofrei Socin, 1946: 163-171, figs. la-d. [North Africa.] (Priabonian/ Lutetian.) E. barcensis Tavani, 1946:177-178, figs. la-b. [North Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) E. bombos Nisiyama, 1968:17-19, pi. 10: figs. 10-11, pi. 11: figs. 1-6, 9. [Bonin Islands, off southeast Japan.] (Lutetian.) E. caranoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1950a[1945]:29-30, pi. 2: figs. 2, 2a-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] E. clubaleni Castex, 1930:32-34, pi. 3: figs. 4-6. [France.] (Upper to Middle Lutetian.) E. ellipsoidalis d’Archiac var. chalossensis Castex, 1930:32. [France.] (Lutetian.) 80 E. gignouxi Lambert, 1933a:35, pi. 2: fig. 25. [Mad¬ agascar, off East Africa.] (Lutetian.) E. migiurtinus Checchia-Rispoli, 1950a[l945]:24-26, pi. 1: figs. 2, 2a-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] E. migliorinii Checchia-Rispoli, 1950a[1945]:28-29, pi. 2: figs. 1, la-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] E. neuvillei Castex, 1930:34-35, pi. 2: figs. 8-10. [France.] (Middle Lutetian.) E. parvula Lambert, 1936c:31-32, pi. 3: figs. 13-15. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) E. venzoi Roman in Roman and Gonsalves, 1965: 303. [Isle of Rhodes, southeast Aegean Sea. New name for E. rhodiensis Venzo, 1934, not E. rho- densis Laube, 1868.] (Lutetian.) Lower Eocene E. valettei Lambert, 1933a:34-35, pi. 2: figs. 23-24. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] Paleocene E. hanguensis Davies, 1943:68-69, pi. 11: figs. 2-5. [India.] Genus Cylindrolampas Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:11507) considers Cylindrolampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Middle Eocene Echinolampas ( Cylindrolampas) migliorinii Venzo, 1934a: 127-128, pi. 12: figs. 7a-c. [Isle of Rhodes, southeast Aegean Sea.] (Lutetian.) E. (C.) rhodiensis Venzo, 1934a: 128-130, pi. 12: figs. 5a-b, 6a-c. [Isle of Rhodes, southeast Aegean Sea.] (Lutetian.) E. (C.) sandiegensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 151-152, pi. 5: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Genus Cypholampas Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U507) considers Cypholampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Middle Eocene Echinolampas ( Cypholampas ) eocenicus Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 149, pi. 5: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] E. (C.) subnucleus Venzo, 1934a: 125-126, pi. 12: figs. 3a-c. [Isle of Rhodes, southeast Aegean Sea.] (Lutetian.) Genus Hypsoclypus Pomel In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U506) considers Hypsoclypus a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Miocene Echinolampas (Hypsoclypus) checchiai Roman in Roman and Gonsalves, 1965:305. [Sicily, Yugo¬ slavia, and Ukraine. New name for Hypsoclypus lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1917, not E. lamberti Cotteau, 1894.] E. (H.) deserticus Desio, 1929:332-335, pi. 37: figs. 2a-b. [Oasis of Giarabiib, Libya, North Africa.] Middle Miocene H. fuentesi Sanchez Roig, 1953a:55, pi. 5, pi. 6 (pars). [Cuba.] H. holguinensis Sanchez Roig, 1953a:54-55, pis. 3-4 (pars). [Cuba.] Genus Isolampas Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U507) considers Isolampas a subjective synonym of Echi¬ nolampas Gray. Miocene Echinolampas ( Isolampas ) garciai Sanchez Roig, 1952c:7, pi. 3: fig. 3. [Cuba.] Lower Miocene E. (I.) cavaionensis Venzo, 1935:229-230, pi. 17: figs. 27-28. [Italy.] (Lower Aquitanian.) Upper Oligocene E. (/.) globulossus Sdnchez Roig, 1952c:7-8, pi. 1: figs. 7-8. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 81 Genus Macrolampas Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U507) considers Macrolampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Lower Miocene Echinolampas ( Macrolampas ) gigas Sanchez Roig, 1953a:55-56, pi. 3. (pars), pis. 7-8. [Cuba.] Genus Progonolampas Bittner In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U507) considers Progonolampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Upper Oligocene Echinolampas ( Progonolampas) moronensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 152-153, pi. 6: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] E. (P.) tenuipetalum Sanchez Roig, 1952c:6-7, pi. 3: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] E. (P.) torrense Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 152, pi. 5: figs. 5-6. [Cuba.] Genus Psammolampas Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U507) considers Psammolampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Oligocene Echinolampas ( Psammolampas ) kugleri Jeannet, 1959:201-203, pi. 2: figs. 4-6, pi. 9. [Trinidad, West Indies.] Genus Heteroclypeus Cotteau In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U507) considers Heteroclypeus a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Miocene H. wiedenmaycri Jeannet, 1928b:220. [Locality?] Middle Miocene H. wiedenmayeri Jeannet, 1928a:33-34, pi. 4: figs. 8-13, pi. 6: fig. 8. [Venezuela.] (Calcaire de Capadare.) Genus Hypsoheteroclypus Szorenyi In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U508) considers Hypsoheteroclypus a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Miocene Hypsoheteroclypus Szorenyi, 1953:76-78. Type- species: H. doma Pomel. [Algiers, North Africa.] H. plagiosomus Lambert corsicanus Szorenyi 1953: 28-29, 78-79, pi. 4: figs. 1, la-b. [Europe.] H. vicinoconoideus Szorenyi, 1953:33, 83-84, pi. 6: figs. 2, 2a-b, 3. [Europe.] Genus Palaeolampas Bell In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U506) considers Palaeolampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Eocene P. alta Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:52-53, pi. 10: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] P. plateia Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:53-54, pi. 10: figs. 4-6. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] Middle Eocene P. elongatus Sanchez Roig, 1953a:56-57, pi. 4 (pars). [Cuba.] Genus Planilampas Mortensen In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U508) considers Planilampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Recent Planilampas Mortensen, 1948c:297. Type-species: Echinolampas sternopetala Agassiz and Clarke. [Japan.] 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Oligocene P. circularis Sanchez Roig, 1953a:57, pi. 9. [Cuba.] Genus Progonolampas Bittner In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U507) considers Progonolampas a subjective synonym of Echinolampas Gray. Middle Miocene P. candeli Lambert, 1931c:52, pi. 3: fig. 10. [North Africa.] (Sahelian-Tortonian.) Upper Oligocene P. sanchezi Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1949:159, pi. 19: figs. 6-7. [Cuba.] Genus Arnaudaster Lambert Lower Cretaceous A. colombianus Cooke, 1955:96, pi. 22: figs. 1-9. [Colombia.] (Upper Albian.) Genus Conolampas A. Agassiz Recent C. diomedeae Mortensen, 1948a:95-96. [Philippine Islands.] C. malayana Mortensen, 1948c:309-310, fig. 273c, pi. 7: figs. 4-6, pi. 13: figs. 11, 14; 1948e:68. [Kei Islands, Indonesia.] C. murrayana Mortensen, 1948b:2-3, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Maidive Islands, Indian Ocean ofE south India.] Genus Parapygus Pomel Upper Cretaceous P. mossoroensis Maury, 1925:500-503, pi. 24: fig. 9. [Brazil.] Genus Plesiolampas Duncan and Sladen Paleocene P. auraduensis Kier, 1957b:857—858, pi. 104: figs. 2-4. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Lower Auradu Series.) P. curriae Kier, 1957b:856-857, fig. 6, pi. 103: figs. 13-14. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Lower Auradu Series.) Family FAUJASIIDAE Lambert Genus Faujasia d’Orbigny Upper Cretaceous F. chelonium Cooke, 1953:14, pi. 4: figs. 11-14. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) F. eccentripora Lees, 1928:661-662, pi. 46: figs. 2a-b. [Arabia.] (Maestrichtian.) F. praeacutus Egorov in Dzhalilov and Egorov, 1969:109-111, figs. 3a-e. [Tadzhik, U.S.S.R. (Cen¬ tral Asia).] (Upper Senonian.) F.? transversus Smiser, 1935b:65, pi. 7: figs. la-e. [Holland.] (Maestrichtian.) Lower Cretaceous F. araripensis Beurlen, 1966:456-458, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. la-b. [Brazil.] (Albian?) F. rancheriana Cooke, 1955:97, pi. 23: figs. 10-14. [Colombia.] (Upper Albian.) Genus Australanthus Bittner Upper Cretaceous Procassidulus (. Australanthus) madrugensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:140-141, pi. 18: figs. 4—6. [Cuba.] Genus Domechinus Kier Upper Cretaceous Domechinus Kier, 1962:141-142. Type-species: Faujasia chelonium Cooke. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Maestrichtian.) D. teixeirai Gonsalves in Roman and Gonsalves, 1965:270-271, figs. 2-3, pi. 2: figs. 10-11, 13. [Mozambique, southeast Africa.] Genus Eurypetalum Kier Upper Cretaceous Eurypetalum Kier, 1962:140. Type-species: Echi¬ nolampas faujasia Desmoulins. [Europe.] (Seno¬ nian.) NUMBER 34 83 Genus Gongrochanus Kier Upper Cretaceous Gongrochanus Kier, 1962:131-132. Type-species: Cyrtoma herscheliana M’Clelland. [India.] (Seno- nian.) Genus Hardouinia Haime in d’Archiac and Haime Upper Cretaceous H. clypeus Cooke, 1955:98-99, pi. 25: figs. 1-5. [Ala¬ bama, U.S.A.] (Santonian.) H. mcglameryae Cooke, 1953:24, pi. 8: figs. 23-26. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Upper Maestrichtian?) H. potosiensis Lambert, 1936e:5-6, pi. 1: figs. 2-4. [Mexico.] (Santonian?) H ? stetsoni Stephenson, 1936:371-372, pi. 1: figs. 2-4. [North America.] H. icaagei Holland and Feldmann, 1967:252-255, fig. 1. [North Dakota, U.S.A.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Lefortia Cossmann Upper Cretaceous L. trojana Cooke, 1953:17, pi. 4: figs. 8-10. [Mis¬ sissippi, U.S.A.] (Middle Maestrichtian.) Genus Petalobrissus Lambert Upper Cretaceous P. burckhardti Lambert, 1936e:5, pi. 1: figs. 7-8. [Mexico.] (Lower Senonian.) P. ( Echinobrissus) setifensis Coquand var. punica Lambert, 1931c:97, pi. 4: fig. 31. [Tunis, North Africa.] (Upper Senonian.) Genus Pygurostoma Cotteau and Gauthier Upper Cretaceous P. pasionensis Cooke, 1949a: 1-3, fig. 1. [Central America.] Genus Stigmatopygus d’Orbigny Upper Cretaceous S. lamberti Besairie, 1930:228, pi. 23: figs. 1-8. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Campan¬ ian.) S. lehmani Gonsalves in Roman and Gonsalves, 1965:269-270, fig. 1, pi. 2: figs. 5-9, 12. [Mozam¬ bique, southeast Africa.] Family ARCHIACIIDAE Cotteau and Triger Genus Archiacia L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous A. lorioli Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:26-27, pi. 9: figs. 12-13. [Tripoli, Libya, North Africa.] (Cenoman¬ ian.) Genus Gentilia Lambert Upper Cretaceous G. chouberti Lambert, 1937:77-78, fig. 4. [Morocco.] (Upper Cenomanian.) G. syriensis Kier, 1962:156-157, figs. 129-131, pi. 23: figs. 5-11. [Syria.] (Cenomanian.) Family CASSIDULIDAE L. Agassiz and Desor Genus Cassidulus Lamarck Recent C. delectus Krau, 1960:157-159, pis. 1-4. [Brazil.] C. infidus Mortensen, 1948c:215, pi. 2: figs. 6-8; 1948e:67. [Tropical Atlantic.] C. mitis Krau, 1954:455-475, pis. 1-5, pi. 6: fig. 21. [Brazil.] Tertiary C. platypetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:144, pi. 1: figs. 3-5. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] C. sphaeroides Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:144— 145, pi. 1: figs. 6-8. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] 84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Oligocene C. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 146-147, pi. 4: figs. 3-5. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene C. ericsoni Fischer, 1951:65-68, figs. 6-8, pi. 2: figs. 1-2, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [U.S.A.] Cassidulus ( Cassidulus) trojanus Cooke, 1942:32, pi. 2: figs. 22-25. [U.S.A.] Middle Eocene C. mestieri Kier, 1966b: 10, fig. 16, pi. 1: figs. 9-11. [Barbados, Lesser Antilles, West Indies.] (Upper Scotland Fm.) C. senni Kier, 1966b:8-9, figs. 14-15, pi. 1: figs. 6-8. [Barbados, Lesser Antilles, West Indies.] (Upper Scotland Fm.) Paleocene C. faberi Ravn, 1927:327-329, pi. 2: figs. 4-6, 7a-d. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous C. cubensis Weisbord, 1934:28-30, pi. 2: figs. 9-11. [Cuba.] C. emmonsi Stephenson, 1928:7-10, pi. 3: figs. 3-8, pi. 4. [North Carolina, U.S.A.] (Maestrichtian/ Upper Senonian.) C. kellnmi Stephenson, 1928:5-7, pis. 1-2, pi. 3: figs. 1-2. [North Carolina, U.S.A.] (Maestrichtian/ Upper Senonian.) C. mercedensis Anderson, 1958:85-86, pi. 6: figs. 2a-b. [California, U.S.A.] C. taylori Warren, 1926:11, pi. 1: figs. 10-13. [Al¬ berta, Canada.] (Birch Lake Member, Belly River Group.) Genus Glossaster Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U514) considers Glossaster a subjective synonym of Cas¬ sidulus Lamarck. Upper Cretaceous G. welschi Gauthier in Lambert, 1931c:74-75, pi. 3: figs. 18-19. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Maestrich- tian/Upper Senonian.) Genus Nucleopygus L. Agassiz Miocene N. lebescontei Tournouer var. ancegavensis Cot- treau, 1933:545-546, pi. 27: figs. 4, 4a-b. [France.] Upper Eocene N. tamarindensis Sanchez Roig, 1952d:54, pi. 16: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] Upper Cretaceous N. atlanticus Kossmat brevior Dartevelle, 1953:51- 52, pi. 5: figs. 2, 4-5, 10-11, 13. [Belgian Congo, south Central Africa.] (Turonian/Cenomanian.) N.7 gallagheri Richards, 1962:200-201, pi- 92: figs. 3-4. [New Jersey, U.S.A.] (Navesink Fm., Maestrichtian.) N. geayi Cottreau, 1922a: 121-122, pi. 2: figs. 10, lOa-b. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maestricht- ian/Danian.) N. kailensis Gauthier in Lambert, 1931c:30, pi. 1: figs. 29-30. [North Africa.] (Cenomanian.) N. sanctaluciae Sanchez Roig, 1952d:52-53, pi. 16: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Lower Cretaceous N. piveteaui Lambert, 1931c:64-65, pi. 7: figs. 5-7. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Neocomian.) Genus Rhyncholampas A. Agassiz Pleistocene/Pliocene R. ayresi Kier, 1963:45-48, figs. 43-46, pi. 16: figs. 3-6. [Florida, U.S.A.] (Caloosahatchee.) Upper Oligocene R. cervantesi Sanchez Roig, 1949:145, pi. 36: figs. 5-6. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 85 Lower Oligocene R. rodriguezi Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1926:72, pi. 10: figs. 4-6. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene R. magnei Castex, 1947:32-33, pi. 2: figs. 5-7. [France.] (Lutetian.) Lower Eocene R. anceps Lambert, 1933a:33-34, pi. 2: figs. 17-19. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] R. tuderi Lambert, 1937:85-86, pi. 3: figs. 6-8. [Morocco.] Genus Anisopetalus Arnold and Clark In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:11515) considers Anisopetalus a subjective synonym of Rhyncholampas A. Agassiz. Eocene Anisopetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:44-45. Type-species: A. ellipticus H. L. Clark in Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:45-46, pi. 6: figs. 16-20. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] Miocene A. oliveirai Marchesini Santos, 1958:11-12, 19-20, pi. 2: figs. 1-4. [Brazil.] Upper Eocene A. brodermanni Sanchez Roig, 1952c:9-10, pi. 4: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] A. caobaense Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 10-11, pi. 5: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] A. cookei Sanchez Roig, 1952c:8-9, pi. 4: fig. 4, pi. 5: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Genus Galerolampas Cotteau In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et ah, 1966:U515) considers Galerolampas a subjective synonym of Rhyncholampas A. Agassiz. Middle Eocene G. murardi Gorodiski, 1951:323-325, pi. 1: figs. 8-9c. [Senegal, West Africa.] (Lutetian.) Lower Tertiary Cassidulus ( Galerola?npas ) font is Cooke, 1942:35, pi. 2: figs. 26-29. [U.S.A.] (Lower Eocene or Paleo- cene.) Genus Rhynchopygus d’Orbigny Pliocene Cassidulus ( Rhynchopygus) evergladensis Mansfield, 1932:48, pi. 18: figs. 1-10. [U.S.A. Kier (1962:180) placed this species with Rhyncholampas .] Eocene R. matleyi Hawkins in Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:54-55, 79-80, pi. 11: figs. 3-4, pi. 22: figs. 6-8. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] R. peruvianus Brighton, 1926b:366-369, figs. 2a-g, pi. 26: figs. a-d. [Peru.] (Atascadero Ls.) R. punctalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:55-56, pi. 11: figs. 5-7. [Jamaica, British West Indies.] Upper Eocene C. (R.) zanolettii Sanchez Roig, 1952d:55-56, pi. 16: figs. 6-7. [Cuba.] Upper Cretaceous R. macari Smiser, 1935b:63, pi. 6: figs. 6a-e. [Hol¬ land.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Paralampas Duncan and Sladen In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et ah, 1966:U515) considers Paralampas a subjective synonym of Rhynchopygus d'Orbigny. Eocene P. besairiei Lambert, 1929:193, figs. 3-4. [Madagas¬ car, off East Africa. Figured in Besairie and Lam¬ bert, 1930:114, pi. 10: figs. 5-6.] 86 P. conceptionis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 153-154, pi. 6: fig. 5. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene Cassidulus ( Paralampas ) globosus Fischer, 1951:71- 72, figs. 8-10, pi. 4: figs. 1-5. [U.S.A.] Genus Procassidulus Lambert In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al„ 1966:U515) considers Procassidulus a subjective synonym of Rhynchopygus d’Orbigny. Recent P. malayanus Mortensen, 1948c:223-226, figs. 203- 209, pi. 1: figs. 27-30, pi. 11: figs. 1, 3, 6, 10, 14- 15, 18-20; 1948e:67. [Kei Islands, Indonesia.] Lower Miocene P. jeanneti Sanchez Roig, 1949:137, pi. 17: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] Oligocene P. zinai Airaghi, 1939:274, pi. 11: fig. 12. [North Africa.] Upper Oligocene P. avilensis Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:134-135, pi. 4: figs. 6-8. [Cuba.] P. brodermanni Sanchez Roig, 1949:135, pi. 17: figs. 6-7. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Eocene, Brodermann (1949:326) places this species in the Upper Oligocene.] P. circularis Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:139-140, pi. 17: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] P. echevarriai Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 145, pi. 4: fig. 8. [Cuba.] P. habanensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:138, pi. 4: fig. 5. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Oligo¬ cene, Brodermann (1949:326) says this species is Upper Oligocene.] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Eocene P. apianus Besairie and Lambert, 1930:113, pi. 9: figs. 4-6. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] P. lambayensis Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:351-352, pi. 22: figs. 1-3. [Senegal, West Africa.] Upper Eocene P mooni Lambert, 1931 d:202, pi. 5: figs. 8-11. [Egypt.] (Priabonian.) Paleocene P. gliberti Smiser, 1935b:60, pi. 6: figs. 3a-d. [Bel¬ gium.] (Montian.) Upper Cretaceous Lefortia (Procassidulus) barrabei Besairie, 1930:228- 229, pi. 24: figs. 4, 4a, 5. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Senonian, probably Campanian.) P. basseae Lambert, 1936c:24—25, pi. 2: figs. 13-15. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Campan¬ ian.) P. clericii Checchia-Rispoli, 1933b: 18-21, fig. 8, pi. 1: fig. 16. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) P. luacesi Sanchez Roig, 1949:135-136, pi. 18: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] P. minutus Sanchez Roig, 1949:133, pi. 17: figs. 8-11. [Cuba.] P. nelt.neri Lambert, 1931 c:31—32, pi. 1: figs. 26-28. [North Africa.] (Cenomanian.) P simpatiae Sanchez Roig, 1949:138-139, pi. 17: figs. 12-13. [Cuba.] Family CLYPEOLAMPADIDAE Kier Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962:187. [Europe and India.] Genus Clypeolampas Pomel Upper Cretaceous C. toroensis Sanchez Roig, 1952d:48-49, pi. 16: fig. 1. [Cuba.] (Senonian.) NUMBER 34 87 Family PLIOLAMPADIDAE Kier Pliolampadidae Kier, 1962:192. Genus Pliolampas Pomel Upper Miocene P. dilatatus Callegari, 1930:10-11, figs. 17—17a. [Italy.] (Helvetian.) Eocene P. trevisani Checchia-Rispoli, 1936:306-307, pi. 16: figs. 3, 3a-b, pi. 17: fig. 6. [Sicily, southwest of Italy.] Middle Eocene P. lorioli (Fourtau) var. excentrica Gorodiski, 1951: 325-327, pi. 1: figs. 2-4. [Senegal, West Africa.] (Lutetian.) Genus Breynella Gregory In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et al., 1966:U5I7) considers Breynella a synonym of Pliolampas Pomel. Upper Cretaceous B. baixadoleitensis Maury, 1934a: 153-154, pi. 15: figs. 2-3. [Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte.] (Prob¬ ably Turonian.) Genus Eurhodia Haime Miocene E. falconensis Jeannet, 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] Middle Miocene E. falconensis Jeannet, 1928a:32-33, fig. 10, pi. 4: figs. 2-7, pi. 6: fig. 7. [Venezuela.] (Couches d’Ojo de Agua, serie Capadare.) Eocene E. corralesi Sanchez Roig, 1951:61, pi. 33: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene E. freneixae Roman and Gorodiski, 1959:21-22, pi. 2: figs. 5-9. [Senegal.] (Upper Lutetian.) Lower Eocene £.? elbana Cooke, 1942:36-37, pi. 5: figs. 5-8. [U.S.A.] Paleocene E. morrisi (d’Archiac) var. salsensis Davies and Pin¬ fold, 1937:62-63, fig. 4c, pi. 7: figs. 20, 25. [India.] (Upper Khairabad Ls. Ranikot.) Genus Gitolampas Gauthier Middle Miocene G. sendaica Nisiyama, 1968:22-24, fig. 26a, pi. 30: figs. 3, 5-7. [Japan.] (Moniwa Fm.) Upper Cretaceous G. lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:18-20, pi. 7: figs. 5-24, pi. 9: fig. 3. [Tripoli, Libya.] (Seno- nian.) G. znffardii Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:20-21, figs. 1-2, pi. 7: figs. 5-24, pi. 9: fig. 3. [Tripoli, Libya.] (Senonian.) Genus Gitolampopsis Checchia-Rispoli In the Treatise Kier (Durham et ah, 1966:U518) considers this to be a subjective synonym of Gito¬ lampas. Upper Cretaceous Gitolampopsis Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:18-20. Type- species: Gitolampas lamberti Checchia-Rispoli. [Tripoli, Libya.] (Senonian.) Genus Echanthus Cooke In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et ah, 1966:U518) considers Echanthus a subjective synonym of Gito¬ lampas Gauthier. 88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Paleocene Echanthus Cooke, 1942:37. Type-species: E. geor- giensis Twitchell. (Clayton Fm.) Genus Ilarionia Dames Eocene I. defiorei Checchia-Rispoli, 1936:305-306, pi. 16: figs. 2-2a, pi. 17: figs. 7-7a. [Sicily, southwest of Italy.] Middle Eocene I. jeanneti Castex, 1947:33, pi. 2: figs. 8-11. [France.] (Lutetian.) I. sindensis Duncan and Sladen madagascariensis Cottreau, 1935:262-264, pi. 1: figs. 5, 5a-c. [Mada¬ gascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) Genus Neocatopygus Duncan and Sladen Middle Eocene N. caobaense Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 154, pi. 6: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Genus Santeelampas Cooke Middle Eocene Santeelampas Cooke, 1959:61. Type-species: Catop - ygus oviformis Conrad. [South Carolina, U.S.A.] Genus Studeria Duncan Upper Oligocenf. S. rositae Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 147, pi. 4: figs. 6-7. [Cuba.] Genus Tristomanthus Bittner In the Treatise, Kier (Durham et ah, 1966:U520) considers Tristomanthus Bittner a subjective syn¬ onym of Studeria Duncan. Pliocene Pliolampas ( Tristomanthus) elevatus Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937:268-269, figs. 48a-c. [Dutch East Indies, West Pacific Ocean.] P. (T.) javanus Jeannet in Jeannet and Martin, 1937:267-268, figs. 46a-d, 47a-c. [Dutch East Indies, West Pacific Ocean.] Miocene T. podjarkovi Szorenyi, 1953:25-26, 74-75, pi. 4: figs. 4, 4a-b. [Ukraine.] T. podolicus Szorenyi, 1953:26, 75-76, pi. 6: figs. 6, 6a-b. [Ukraine.] Genus Termieria Lambert Paleocene Termieria Lambert, 1931c:30-31. Type-species: T. henrici Lambert, 1931 c:31, pi. 1: figs. 31-35. [North Africa, Morocco.] (Danian.) Genus Zuffardia Checchia-Rispoli Upper Cretaceous Z. cerullii Checchia-Rispoli, 1933a:4-8, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) Family APATOPYGIDAE Kier Genus Apatoypgus Hawkins Recent A. occidentalis H. L. Clark, 1938:425-428, fig. 36, pi. 28: figs. 1-3. [Western Australia.] Family Uncertain Genus Astropygaulus Checchia-Rispoli Upper Cretaceous Astropygaulus Checchia-Rispoli, 1945[1943]:82—85. Type-species: A. trigonopygus Checchia-Rispoli, 1945[1943] :82—85, figs. 1-2, pi. 2: figs. 1-2. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenomanian.) NUMBER 34 89 Genus Centropygus Ebray Middle Jurassic C. pictaviensis Lambert, 1935a:530-531, 1 fig., pi. 26: figs. 12-15. [France.] (Callovian.) Genus Echinanthus Leske Eocene £.? varnensis Gocev, 1933: 52-53, fig. 9, pi. 7: figs. 1-2. [Bulgaria.] Middle Eocene E. neuvillei Castex, 1930:29-30, pi. 1: figs. 9-12. [France.] (Upper Lutetian.) E. reguanti Roman and Villatte in Reguant, Roman and Villatte, 1970:903-905, figs. 4B, 5, pi. 33: figs. 9-11. [N 4 km from the road to Sau, province of Barcelone, Spain.] (Lower Biarritz- ian.) Lower Eocene E. basseae Lambert, 1936c:31, pi. 3: figs. 27-30. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) Upper Cretaceous E. pumilus Duncan and Sladen var. abiadensis Lees, 1928:662, pi. 46: fig. 3. [Arabia.] (Maestrichtian.) These species probably should be referred to Gito- lampas. See Kier (1962:226) for a discussion of Echinanthus. Genus Lovenilampas Maury Upper Cretaceous Lovenilampas Maury, 1934b:3-5. Type-species: Lovenia baixadoleitensis Maury, 1934b:3-5, fig. 1. [Brazil.] Order HOLASTEROIDA Durham and Melville Family COLLYRITIDAE d’Orbigny Subfamily COLLYRITINAE Beurlen Collyritinae Beurlen, 1934:63-64, fig. 8. [Europe.] Genus Collyrites Desmoulins Upper Jurassic C. segestina Checchia-Rispoli, 1940b:23-25, fig. 1. [Sicily, southwest of Italy.] Middle Jurassic C. tuarkyrensis Poretskaya, 1968b:286-287, figs. 37- 38, pi. 67: figs. la-e. [Nedr, U.S.S.R.] (Callovian.) Genus Cardiopelta Pomel Upper Jurassic Collyrites ( Cardiopelta ) bicordata (Leske) var. bal- tica Beurlen, 1934:91. [Europe.] (Oxfordian.) C. (C.) capistrata Goldfuss mut. aniecedens Beurlen, 1934:92, fig. 14c. [Europe.] (Oxfordian.) Middle Jurassic C. (C.) bicordata (Leske) primitiva Jesionek- Szymanska, 1963:375-378, 403, 414, text-pl. 11: figs. 1-9, pi. 6: figs. 2a-c, 3. [Poland.] (Upper Callovian.) Genus Orbignyana Ebray Middle Jurassic O. quenstedti Beurlen, 1934:49-50, fig. 2c. [Europe.] (Bathonian.) Genus Pygorhytis Pomel Middle Jurassic P. ovalis Leske var. dimoia Vialov, 1930:868. [Asiatic Russia.] (Callovian.) P. r in gens Agassiz wiekensis Jesionek-Szymanska, 1963:362-363, 403, 414, text-pl. 7: figs. 1-5, pi. 5: figs. 2a-d. [Poland.] (Upper Callovian.) Order DISASTEROIDA Mintz Disasteroida Mintz, 1968:1287-1288. 90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Family DISASTERIDAE A. Gras Genus Disaster Agassiz Lower Cretaceous D. dallonii Lambert, 193lc:62, pi. 3: fig. 1. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Berriasian.) Genus Collyropsis Gauthier Upper Jurassic Collyropsis (Collyropsis) Beurlen, 1934:130-131. Type-species: Collyropsis (Collyropsis) carinata Leske. [Europe.] Genus Procollyropsis Beurlen In the Treatise, Wagner and Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U527) consider Procollyropsis a subjective synonym of Collyropsis. Middle Jurassic Collyropsis (Procollyropsis) Beurlen, 1934:129. Type-species: Disaster platypygus Quenstedt. [Europe.] Family ACROLUSIIDAE Mintz /Icrolusiidae Mintz, 1968:1278. Type-genus: Aero- lusia Lambert. Family TITHONIIDAE Mintz Tithoniidae Mintz, 1968:1278. Genus Corthya Pomel Upper Eocene C. ambayraci Lambert, 1924a:5-7, figs. 1-3. [France.] (Bartonian.) Genus Oustechinus Lambert Upper Jurassic Oustechinus Lambert, 1931c:92-93. Type-species: O. basscae Lambert, 1931c:93, fig. 7, pi. 3: figs. 31-32. [Tunis, North Africa.] (Tithonian.) Genus Tithonia Pomel Lower Cretaceous T. arctica Jeannet, 1955:553-555, fig. 1, pi. 25: figs. 1-5. [Greenland.] (Valanginian.) Upper Jurassic T. houdardi Lambert, 1933c: 179-180, pi. 7: fig. 18. [France.] (Oxfordian.) T. solignaci Lambert, 1931c:92, fig. 6, pi. 3: fig. 34. [Tunis, North Africa.] (Tithonian.) Middle Jurassic T. blondeti Demoly and Lambert in Demoly, 1928: 140, pi. 1: figs. 4-8. [France.] (Bathonian.) Metaporinus (Tithonia) praeconvexa Jesionek- Szymanska, 1963:390-395, 403, 414, text-pl. 1: figs. 2, 9, text-pl. 13: figs. 4-12, text-pl. 14: figs. 1-9, pi. 7: figs. 2a-d, 3a-b. [Poland.] (Upper Cal- lovian.) Family HOLASTERIDAE Pictet Genus Holaster Agassiz Upper Cretaceous H. feralis Cooke, 1953:26-27, pi. 9: figs. 1-5, pi. 10: fig. 7, [Colorado, U.S.A.] (Turonian.) H. feruglioi Melinossi, 1935:32-39, figs, la-b, 2. [South America.] H. hermitei Vidal, 1921:12-13, pi. 2: fig. 3, pi. 3: fig. 3, pi. 4: fig. 8. [Spain.] (Santonian.) H. lorioli Blanckenhorn, 1925[1924]:96. [Palestine, Israel.] (Upper Cenomanian.) H. marinellii Stefanini, 1928:177-178, pi. 20: figs. lOa-f. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] (Cenomanian.) NUMBER 34 91 H. mortenseni Bernasconi, 1954:397-400, pi. 1. [Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.] (Senonian?) Lower Cretaceous H. clypeatulus Nisiyama, 1950b:35—36, figs. 1-3, pi. 4: figs. 8-9. [Japan.] (Albian/Aptian.) H. lerichei Dartevelle, 1953:131-135, fig. 40, pi. 9: figs. 1-4. [Angola, southwest Africa.] (Upper Albian.) H. vanhoepeni Besairie and Lambert, 1930:115- 116, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Zululand, East Africa.] (Albian.) Genus Basseaster Lambert Upper Cretaceous Basseaster Lambert, 1936c:25. Type-species: B. ros- tratus Lambert, I936c:25, pi. 3: figs. 8-12, pi. 4: fig. 10. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maestrich- tian.) Genus Cardiaster Forbes Upper Cretaceous C. deciper Cooke, 1953:27-28, pi. 10: figs. 3-6. [Arkansas, U.S.A.] (Lower Maestrichtian.) C. hilli Cooke, 1958:50-51, pi. 7: figs. 9-14. [New Jersey, U.S.A.] C. leonensis Stephenson, 1941:62-63, pi. 5: figs. 4-7, pi. 6: figs. 5-6. [U.S.A.] (Navarro Group. Maes¬ trichtian.) C. moabiticus Blanckenhorn, 1925[1924]:96, pi. 7: fig. 24. [Palestine, Israel.] (Santonian.) C. palmeri Sanchez Roig, 1949:172-173, pi. 5: figs. 3-5. [Cuba.] C. perorientalis Nisiyama, 1968:151-152, pi. 18: figs. 6-7. [Japan.] (Maestrichtian/Senonian.) Lower Cretaceous C. kelleri Haughton, 1924:99-100. [Angola, south¬ west Africa. See Haughton (1925:279-280) for English translation.] (Upper Albian.) Genus Echinocorys Leske Paleocene E. legindensis Wind, 1959:125, pi. 2: figs. 1-6. [Den¬ mark.] (Danian.) E. obliquus Ravn assymmetrica Kongiel, 1935: 205(37), pi. 7: figs, la-b, 2a-c, 3. [Poland.] (Da¬ nian.) E. obliquus Ravn lata Kongiel, 1935:204(36), pi. 6: figs. 4a-c. [Poland.] (Danian.) E. obliquus Ravn var. recta Kongiel, 1935:205(37), pi. 7: figs. 4a-d. [Poland.] (Danian.) E. pentagonalis Kongiel, 1949:32-34, figs. 34-61, pi. 17: figs. 8-11, pi. 18: figs. 1-8. [Poland.] (Danian.) E. semiglobosus Kongiel, 1949:29-30, figs. 34—61, pi. 15: fig. 12, pi. 16: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] (Danian.) Cretaceous E. ovatus Leske var. cubensis Sanchez Roig, 1926: 88-89, pi. 11: fig. 6, pi. 12: fig. 4. [Cuba.] E. sulcatus Goldfuss hannae Koster, 1950:440-452, figs, la-e, 2a-e, 3a-c, 5-6. [Germany.] Upper Cretaceous E. belgicus Lambert var. pruvosti Smiser, 1935a:30, pi. 2: figs. 2a-d. [Belgium.] (Senonian.) E. darderi Lambert, 1935b:363-364, pi. 42: figs. 1-2. [Spain.] (Maestrichtian.) E. edhemi Bohm, 1927:193-194, pi. 12: fig. la. [Bithynia, Asia Minor.] (Senonian.) E. gravesi Desor var. rossiensis Kongiel, 1936b: 2-6, pi. 1: figs. 3a-b, pi. 2: figs. 1-4, pi. 3: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] E. katsharavai Tzaghareli, 1949:179-180, 259-260, fig. 1, pi. 13: figs. 1-3. [Georgia, U.S.S.R.] E. lamberti Smiser, 1935a:32-33, figs. 14a-b, pi. 2: figs. 3a-d, 4a-d. [Belgium.] (Senonian.) E. mamontoffi Charles in Lambert and Charles, 1937:386-388, pi. 9: figs. 9-11. [Asia Minor.] E. ogormani Lambert in Lambert and Charles, 1937:393, fig. 6. [France.] E. ovatus Leske cubensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:175- 176, pi. 4: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] E. ovatus Leske villarensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:176, pi. 21: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] 92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY E. pustolosus (Leske) daniensis Wind, 1959:127- 128. [Denmark.] (Senonian.) E. renngarteni Moskvin, 1959:260-261, fig. 65, pi. 10: figs. 2a-c. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] E. sumbaricus Djabarov, 1968:288-289, fig. 39, pi. 67: figs. 2a-e. [Nedr, U.S.S.R.] E. tenuituberculatus Leymerie var. madagascarien- sis Besairie, 1930:227, pi. 25: figs. 1, la-b. [Mada¬ gascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Maestrichtian.) E. yoloensis Anderson, 1958:85, pi. 6: figs. la-d. [California, U.S.A.] (Lower Senonian.) Genus Ananchites Lamarck Wagner and Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U528) consider Ananchites a subjective synonym of Echi- nocorys Leske. Cretaceous A. argentinus de Saez, 1930:58-60, 2 figs. [Argen¬ tine. De Saez refers to the genus as Ananchytes .] A. austriaca Traub, 1938:39-40, pi. 1: figs. 8a-c. [Germany.] Genus Galeola Quenstedt In the Treatise, Wagner and Durham (Durham et ah, 1966:U528) consider Galeola a subjective syno¬ nym of Echinocorys Leske. Upper Cretaceous G. papillosa Quenstedt basiplana Ernst, 1970:55, fig. 6. [Northwest Germany.] (Upper Campanian.) Genus Spatagoides Bayle Upper Cretaceous S. aichinoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1931:3-6, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 4-6. [Cirenaica, East Libya.] (Maestrichtian.) S. martellii Checchia-Rispoli, 1931:7-11, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Cirenaica, East Libya.] (Maestrich¬ tian.) S. striatoradiatus Leske var. conicus Smiser, 1935b: 71, pi. 8: fig. lg. [Holland.] (Maestrichtian.) S. striatoradiatus Leske var. depressus Smiser, 1935b: 71-72, pi. 8: fig. lh. [Holland.] (Maestrichtian.) S. striatoradiatus Leske var. elevatus Smiser, 1935b: 71, pi. 8: fig. le. [Holland.] (Maestrichtian.) S. tripolitanus Checchia-Rispoli, 1931:11-14, fig. 3, pi. 1: figs. 7-8. [Cirenaica, East Libya.] (Maes¬ trichtian.) Genus Galeaster Seunes Paleocene G. carinatus Ravn, 1927:342-343, pi. 2: figs. 9a-d. [Denmark.] (Danian.) G. dagestanensis Poslavskaia and Moskvin, 1960: 59-60, fig. 9, pi. 2: figs. 6a-e. [Southern U.S.S.R.] Upper Cretaceous G. ? muntshiensis Tzaghareli, 1949:183-184, 260- 261, fig. 2, pi. 13: figs. 6-8. [Georgia, U.S.S.R.] Genus Hagenowia Duncan Upper Cretaceous H. blackmorei Wright and Wright, 1949:467-470, figs. 14-16. [England.] (Senonian.) H. infulasteroides Wright and Wright, 1949:470- 472, figs. 17-18. [England.] (Senonian.) Genus Martinosigra Nielson In the Treatise, Wagner and Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U530) consider this genus an objective synonym of Hagenowia Duncan. Upper Cretaceous Martinosigra Nielsen, 1942:163. Type-species: Car- diaster rostratus Forbes. [Europe.] (Senonian.) M. elongata Nielsen, 1942:163-166, pi. 2: fig. 2. [Denmark.] (Senonian.) Genus Hemipneustes Agassiz Neocene H. striatoradiatus d’Orbigny var. giganteus Tzan- kov, 1930:27-29, 71, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Bul¬ garia.] (Aturien.) NUMBER 34 93 Upper Cretaceous H. nicklesi Vidal, 1921:10-11, figs. 1-2, pi. 2: fig. 1, pi. 3: fig. 1. [Spain.] (Campanian.) H. perrieri Cottreau, 1935:261-262, pi. 1: figs. 4, 4a-b. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maestrich- tian.) H. sardanyolae Vidal, 1921:11-12, figs. 3-4, pi. 2: fig. 2, pi. 3: fig. 2. [Spain.] (Campanian.) H. zuffardii Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:30-31, pi. 9: figs. 8-11. [Tripoli, Libya.] (Senonian.) Genus Ismidaster Bohm Upper Cretaceous Ismidaster Bohm, 1927:194-195. Type-species. I. toulai Bohm, 1927:194—195, pi. 11: figs. 3a-e. [Bithynia, Asia Minor.] (Senonian.) Genus Labrotaxis Casey Lower Cretaceous Holaster (Labrotaxis) Casey, 1960:260-261. Type- species: H. (L.) cantianus Casey, 1960:261-263, fig. 1, pi. 44: figs. 1-4. [Kent, southeast England.] (Lower Albian.) Genus Lampadaster Cotteau Upper Cretaceous L. lamberti Tzankov, 1934:211-212, 220, pi. 4: figs, la-b, 2a-b. [Bulgaria.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Pseudananchys Pomel Upper Cretaceous P. rydzewski Kongiel, 1936a: 4-5, 9. [Poland.] (Maestrichtian.) P. stephensoni Cooke, 1953:26, pi. 9: figs. 6-9. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Santonian?) Genus Pseudholaster Pomel Lower Cretaceous P. androaviensis Lambert, 1933a: 17, pi. 2: fig. 26. [Madagascar, off East Coast of Africa.] (Albian.) Genus Pseudoffaster Lambert Cretaceous P. schmidti Moskvin, 1959:270, fig. 79, pi. 17: figs, la-c. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] Upper Cretaceous P. renngarteni Schmidt, 1938:80-82, pi. 25: figs. la-5, pi. 26: figs. la-3. [U.S.S.R.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Rispolia Lambert Upper Cretaceous R. cottreaui Besairie and Lambert, 1930:107-108, pi. 9: fig. 1. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maes¬ trichtian.) Genus Stegaster Pomel Upper Cretaceous S. novoi Lambert, 1931a:M6-M7, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [Spain.] (Aturien.) Upper Cretaceous S. charlesi Lambert, 1931a:M7, fig. 3, pi. 1: figs. 8-9. [Asia Minor.] (Maestrichtian.) S. mairei Lambert, 1931a:M8, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 12- 13. [West Africa.] S. zonarius Lambert, 1931a:M7-M8, pi. 1: fig. 7. [Daghestan, Asiatic Russia.] (Upper Senonian.) Genus Seunaster Lambert in Blayac In the Treatise, Wagner and Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U533) consider Seunaster a subjective syn¬ onym of Stegaster Pomel. Upper Cretaceous S. georgicus Rouchadze, 1940:95-97, 143-144, 164— 165, figs. 4a-d, pi. 1: figs. 2a-e. [Georgia, U.S.S.R.] (Maestrichtian/Campanian.) 94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY S. georgicus Rouchadze lata Rouchadze, 1940:97, 143-144, 164-165, fig. 4d, pi. 1: figs. 2a-e. [Geor¬ gia, U.S.S.R.] (Maestrichtian/Campanian.) S. lamberti Charles in Lambert and Charles, 1937: 383-384, pi. 8: figs. 6-8. [Asia Minor.] (Maes- trichtian.) S. lazicas Rouchadze, 1940:97-98, 144, 165, figs. 5a-c, pi. 1: figs. 3a-e. [Georgia, U.S.S.R.] (Maes- trichtian/Campanian.) Suborder URECHININA H. L. Clark Recent Urechinina H. L. Clark, 1925a: 185. [In the Trea¬ tise Durham (Durham et al., 1966:U277) states: “The suborder Urechinina was proposed by H. L. Clark (1946) for irregular echinoids with a sternum in which the ‘labrum [is] followed by a single plate.’ As defined, this suborder includes some but not all of the Holasteroida as proposed subsequently by Durham and Melville (1957).” This taxon is not used in the Treatise.] Family URECHINIDAE Duncan Genus Chelonechinus Bather Miocene Chelonechinus Bather, 1934:808, 860-861. Type- species: C. suvae Bather, 1934:808-809, 811-832, 861, figs. 1-12, pis. 108-110. [Fiji Islands, South Pacific Ocean.] Unknown C.? javanensis Bather, 1934:809, 835, 862, fig. 16. [Java, South Pacific, Malay Archipelago.] Genus Plexechinus A. Agassiz Recent P. spectabilis Mortensen, 1948a: 110-111. [Philip¬ pine Islands.] Genus Sternopatagus de Meijere Recent S. sinensis Bather, 1934:847-848. [China Sea.] Order POURTALESIOIDA Mintz Pourtalesioida Mintz, 1968:1287-1288. Family POURTALESIIDAE A. Agassiz Genus Pourtalesia A. Agassiz Recent P. aurorae Koehler, 1926:43-48, pi. 105: figs. 1-8, pi. 121: fig. 3. [Antarctic.] P. debilis Koehler, 1926:49-51, pi. 105: fig. 9, pi. 106: figs. 1-10, pi. 122: fig. 1. [Antarctic.] P. laguncula A. Agassiz beringiana Baranova, 1955: 340-341, fig. 5. [Bering Sea.] Family STENONASTERIDAE Lambert Genus Stenonaster Lambert Age Unknown S. douvillei Lambert, 1928d:263-265, figs. 1-2. [France. Stenonaster Lambert 1922 replaces Stono- corys Lambert and Thiery, 1917, (not Burmeister, 1835, nor Rambur, 1839) proposed to replace Ste- nonia Desor, 1858, (not Gray, 1853). Found with Jeronia pyrenaica and Echinocorys douvillei in the “carriere Bourda de la ‘Costa Blanche’, a l’Est de Mousis, 2 km a l’W de Lasseube.”] Family SOMALIASTERIDAE Wagner and Durham Genus Somaliaster Hawkins Upper Cretaceous Somaliaster Hawkins, 1935a:53, 56. Type-species: S. magniventer Hawkins, 1935a:53-56, figs. 8-14, pi. 7: figs. 2a-c, 3a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Upper Senonian.) NUMBER 34 95 S. magniventer Hawkins var. checchiai Maccagno, 1941:93-95, pi. 11: figs. 10-11. [North Africa.] (Senonian.) Genus Brightonia Kier Paleocene Brightonia Kier, 1957b:871—872. Type-species: B. macfadyeni Kier, 1957b:872-873, fig. 13, pi. 104: figs. 12-13. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Lower Auradu Series.) Genus Leviechinus Kier Paleocene Leviechinus Kier, 1957b:873-874. Type-species: Pericosmus gregoryi Currie. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Lower Auradu Series.) Family Uncertain Genus Coraster Cotteau Paleocene C. vilanovae Cotteau var. alapliensis Lambert in Flandrin, 1929:344-345, pi. 2: figs. 3a-c, 4a-c. [Asia Minor.] (Danian.) Paleocene /Upper Cretaceous C. deleaui Lambert in Deleau, 1938:186, pi. 5: fig. 2. [Algiers, North Africa.] (Danian-Maestrichtian.) Cretaceous C. caucasicus Moskvin, 1959:276-277, fig. 87, pi. 18: figs. 3a-c. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] C. cubanicus Moskvin, 1959:277, fig. 88, pi. 18: figs. 4a-c. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] Upper Cretaceous C. ansaltensis Moskvin, 1959:279, fig. 91, pi. 18: figs. 7a-c. [Dagestan and Turkmenistan, U.S.S.R.] C. frechi Bohm, 1927:195-196, pi. 12: figs. 5a-b. [Bithynia, Asia Minor.] (Senonian.) C. manuelitae Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 12, pi. 6: figs. 8-9. [Cuba.] (Senonian.) Genus Corechinus Kongiel Paleocene Corechinus Kongiel, 1936a:3-4, 8-9. Type-species: C. pulaviensis Kongiel, 1936a:3-4, 8-9. [Poland. Figured in Kongiel, 1935: pi. 1: fig. 4, pi. 2: figs. 6a-c.] (Middle siwak. Danian.) Genus Turanglaster Solovyev and Melikov Upper Cretaceous Turanglaster Solovyev and Melikov, 1963:107. Type-species: T. nazkii Solovyev and Melikov, 1963:107-109, fig. 1, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Turkmen and Azerbaijan, U.S.S.R.] Order SPATANGOIDA Claus Genus Pictaviechinus Mintz Middle Jurassic Pictaviechinus Mintz, 1967:2747. Type-species: Py- gomalus [sic] pictaviensis Lambert and Thiery. [Mintz referred Pygomalus pictaviensis Lambert and Thiery to a new genus, Pictaviechinus, but included no description of the genus. Pictavie¬ chinus is, therefore, a nomen nudum.] (Bathon- ian.) Suborder TOXASTERINA A. G. Fischer Family TOXASTERIDAE Lambert Genus Toxaster L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous T. millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli, 1936:300-302, pi. 16: figs. 1-la, pi. 17: fig. 3. [Sicily, southwest of Italy.] (Cenomanian.) 96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lower Cretaceous T. gabrieli Denizot, 1935:141-142, pi. 5: fig. 3. [France.] (Upper Hauterivian.) T. laffitei Devries, 1960:21-22, pi. 5: figs. 10-20, pi. 35: figs. 15-16. [Algeria, North Africa. Mintz (1967:2748) referred Toxaster lafittei to a new genus Devriesia Mintz but included no descrip¬ tion of the genus. Devriesia is, therefore, a nomen nudum.] (Berriasian.) T. mattaueri Devries, 1960:21, pi. 5: figs. 1-9, pi. 35: fig. 2. [Algeria, North Africa.] (Aptian.) T. maurus Lambert, 1931c:40-41, pi. 2: figs. 13-15. [North Africa.] (Hauterivian.) T. sanchuensis Tanaka, 1965:131-133, figs. 3a-c, pi. 15: figs. 5a-b, 6a-b, pi. 16: figs, la-c, 2a-c. [Ja¬ pan.] (Neocomian.) Genus Pliotoxaster Fourtau Fischer (Durham et ah, 1966:U551), in the Treatise, considers Pliotoxaster a subjective synonym of Toxaster. Lower Cretaceous P. inflatus Smiser, 1936:465, pi. 63: figs. 1, 4, 15, 23-25. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) Genus Allotoxaster Nisiyama Upper Jurassic Allotoxaster Nisiyama, 1968:181-182. Type-species: Toxaster tosaensis de Loriol. [Japan.] (Callovian- Tithonian.) Genus Aphelaster Lambert Lower Cretaceous A. serotinus Tanaka and Shibata, 1961:70-72, figs. 1-2, pi. 10: figs. 1-6. [Japan.] (Barremian/ Hauterivian.) Genus Douvillaster Lambert Lower Cretaceous D. hourcqi Collignon, 1950:11-12, pi. 2: figs. 2-3. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Albian.) Genus Heteraster d’Orbigny Lower Cretaceous H. adkinsi Lambert, 1927a:270. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanche Series.) H. aguilerai Buitron, 1970:32-34, pi. 7: figs. 1-5. [Barranca Salitrillo, San Juan Raya, Puebla, Mexico.] H. alencasterae Buitron, 1970:34-35, pi. 6: figs. 1-6. [Barranca Salitrillo, San Juan Raya, Puebla, Mexico.] H. cesarensis Cooke, 1955:101, pi. 24: figs. 1-4. [Colombia.] (Neocomian.) H. checchiai Alberti, 1950:133-135, pi. 1: figs. 1-12. [Italian Somaliland, Africa.] H. danubiensis Chiriac, 1956:87-88, pi. 10: figs. la-d, E. [Rumania.] (Aptian.) H. mattaueri Devries, 1960:62-63, pi. 13: figs. 1-11. [Algeria, North Africa.] (Upper Albian.) H. nexilis Nisiyama, 1950a:42-44, figs. 1-3. [Japan.] (Neocomian.) Upper Jurassic H. musandamensis Lees, 1928:642-643, figs. 9-10, pi. 44: figs. 4a-b. [Arabia.] Genus Enallaster d’Orbigny In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U553) considers Enallaster a subjective synonym of Heter¬ aster d’Orbigny. Lower Cretaceous E. roscheni Richards, 1947:39-40, pi. 2: figs. 4-6. [Peru.] (Aptian.) E. transiens Devries, 1956a:254-260, pi. 1-3. [Al¬ geria, North Africa.] (Albian.) E. yuasensis Tanaka and Okubo, 1954:223-224, ph 7: fig. 6. [Japan.] (Barremian.) Genus Epiaster d’Orbigny In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et ah, 1966:U553) considers Epiaster a subjective synonym of Heter¬ aster d’Orbigny. NUMBER 34 97 Upper Eocene E. angolensis Haughton, 1924:101, pi. 4: fig. 5. [Angola, southwest Africa.] Upper Cretaceous E. africanus Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a: 17-18, pi. 1: figs. 1-la. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenoma¬ nian.) E. caranoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a: 16-17, pi. 2: figs. 4-4a. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenoma¬ nian.) E. carvalhoi Dartevelle, 1953:142-143, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Angola, southwest Africa.] (Senonian?) E. chiapasensis Lambert, 1935d:370—371, pi. 16: fig. 22. [Mexico.] (Lower Senonian.) E. migliorinii Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a: 19-20, pi. 1: figs. 5-7. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenoma¬ nian.) E. ovalis Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a: 14-15, pi. 2: fig. 5. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenomanian.) E. pulcher Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a:20-21, pi. 1: figs. 4, 4a-b. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Ceno¬ manian.) E. somaliensis Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a: 11-14, pi. 1: figs. 2-3, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenomanian.) E. somaliensis Checchia-Rispoli var. rotundata Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a: 13, pi. 1: fig. 2. [Somali¬ land, East Africa.] (Cenomanian.) E. trauthi Kuhn, 1925:182-183, 186-187, pi. 11: figs. 5-6. [Austria.] (Maestrichtian?) E. variabilis Kuhn, 1925:181-182, 186-187, pi. 11: figs. 2-4. [Austria.] (Maestrichtian?) Lower Cretaceous E. alpinus Lambert and Jeannet, 1928b: 116. [France.] (Albian?) E. angolensis Haughton, 1925:281, pi. 15: fig. 5. [Angola, southwest Africa.] (Upper Albian?) E. besairiei Lambert, 1933a: 18-19, pi. 3: fig. 4. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Middle Albian.) E. boipebensis Brito, 1964:7-8, pi. 1: fig. 1, pi. 2: fig. 3. [Brazil.] (Albian.) E. blanckenhorni Blanckenhorn, 1925[1924]:98-99, pi. 8: figs. 26-27. [Palestine, Israel.] (Albian.) E. dartoni Cooke, 1955:108-109, pi. 28: figs. 1-10. [New Mexico, U.S.A.] (Aptian?) E. fourtaui Lambert, 193Id: 190, pi. 6: figs. 5-6. [Egypt-] (Aptian?) E. jeanneti Collignon, 1950:13-14, pi. 2: figs. 4, 4a-b. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Albian.) E. mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli, 1947a: 10-11, pi. 1: figs. 8-9. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Albian.) E. renfroae Cooke, 1955:109, pi. 29: figs. 1-4. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Upper Albian?) E. toxasteroides Lobacheva and Poretskaya, 1967: 182-185, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 1-9. [Turkmen, U.S.S.R.] (Upper Barremian to lower Aptian.) Genus Isomicraster Lambert Cretaceous I. brueti Lambert, 1931c: 101-102, pi. 4: figs. 8-9. [Tunis, North Africa.] (Aturien.) Upper Cretaceous I. danei Cooke, 1953:29, pi. 11: figs. 11-13. [Arkan¬ sas, U.S.A.] (Campanian/Santonian?) I. faasi Rouchadze, 1940:124-125, 153-154, 173-174, figs. 16-17, pi. 3: figs. 4a-c. [Georgia, U.S.S.R.] I. gregalis Bohm, 1927:198-199, pi. 12: figs. 2a-b. [Bithynia, Asia Minor.] (Senonian.) I. mexicanus Lambert, 1935d: 371-372, fig. 2. [Mexico.] (Lower Cenomanian.) I. rossi Cooke, 1953:29, pi. 11: figs. 15-16. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Turonian.) Genus Isopatagus Mortensen Recent Isopatagus Mortensen, 1948a: 113.Type-species: I. obovatus Mortensen, 1948a: 113. [Philippine Islands.] Genus Macraster Roemer Cretaceous M. triangularis Sanchez Roig, 1949:217, pi. 34: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] 98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Cretaceous M. meghilensis Lambert, 1931c: 100-101, pi. 4: figs. 6-7. [North Africa.] (Cenomanian.) Lower Cretaceous Hemiaster ( Macraster ) cascajalensis Cooke, 1949b: 85-86, pi. 22: figs. 6-11. [Peru.] (Albian/Neo- comian?) M. denisonensis Smiser, 1936:471, pi. 66: figs. 1-4. [Texas, U.S.A.] Comanchean.) M. ibizaensis Jeannet, 1934c:387; 1935a: 183-185, fig. 3, pi. 1: figs. 4-6. [Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean.] (Aptian/Urgonian.) M. kentensis Adkins, 1930:106-108, pi. 11: figs. 1-3, 5. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanche Series—Ft. Worth and Duck Creek Fms.) M. obesus Adkins, 1930:116-119, pi. 10: figs. 2-4, pi. 11: fig. 6. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanche Series, Weno Fm.) M. obtritus Lambert, 1931c:67, pi. 3: figs. 8-9. [North Africa.] (Aptian.) M. pseudoelegans Adkins, 1930:108-110, pi. 10: figs. 1, 5, pi. 11: fig. 4. [Texas, U.S.A.] M. roberti Lambert var. ovatus Smiser, 1936:472, pi. 64: figs. 11-14. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) M. solitariensis Smiser, 1936:472, pi. 65: figs. 13, 15, 16, 18, 19. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) Genus Mokotibaster Lambert Upper Cretaceous Mokotibaster Lambert, 1933a: 17-18. Type-species: M. hourcqi Lambert, 1933a: 18, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Maestrich- tian.) Genus Palmeraster Sanchez Roig Upper Eocene Palmeraster Sanchez Roig, 1949:268-269. Type- species: P. palmeri Sanchez Roig, 1949:269, pi. 31: figs. 2-4. [Cuba.] Oligocene P. japonicus Morishita, 1956:194-195, pi. 2: figs, la-c. [Japan.] (Ashiya Group.) Upper Eocene P. herrerai Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 17-18, pi. 1: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] P. zanolettii Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 17, pi. 5: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Genus Paraheteraster Nisiyama Lower Cretaceous Paraheteraster Nisiyama, 1968:188-190. Type- species: Washitaster} macroholcus Nisiyama. [Japan.] (Barremian to Albian.) Genus Somalechinus Checchia-Rispoli Upper Cretaceous Somalechinus Checchia-Rispoli, 1945[1943]:85—87. Type-species: S. gibbosus Checchia-Rispoli, 1945 [1943]:85-87, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Cenomanian.) Suborder HEMIASTERIN A A. G. Fischer Family HEMIASTERIDAE Clark Genus Hemiaster Agassiz Eocene H. despujolsi Lambert, 1937:90, pi. 3: figs. 18-19. [Morocco.] H. digonus d’Archaic var. kohaticus Davies, 1943: 70, pi. 11: figs. 6-9. [India.] Upper Eocene H. globulosus Sanchez Roig, 1949:240-241, pi. 42: figs. 11-13. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig cites it as Upper Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:323) says it is Upper Eocene.] Paleocene H. hawkinsi Lambert, 1933a:22-23, pi. 4: fig. 19. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Danian.) H. moscovensis Cooke, 1959:68, pi. 28: figs. 5-9. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Porters Creek Clay.) NUMBER 34 99 H. vistulensis Kongiel, 1936a:5-7, 9. [Poland. Fig¬ ured by Kongiel, 1935: pi. 5: figs. 2a-c, 3.] (Lower and middle siwak. Danian.) Cretaceous H. amelianus Cooke, 1953:35, pi. 16: fig. 1. [Guate¬ mala.] H. sphericus Lambert, 1935d:372-373, pi. 16: figs. 18-19. [Mexico.] (Between San Bartholomeo and La Concordia.) Upper Cretaceous H. amurensis Schmidt in Schmidt and Vereshcha- ghin, 1960:229, pi. 1: figs. 6-7. [U.S.S.R.] H. arcolensis Cooke, 1953:32-33, pi. 12: figs. 12-16. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Santonian.) H. balboi Airaghi, 1939:263, pi. 10: fig. 1. [North Africa.] (Turonian.) H. barthouxi Lambert, 193Id: 196, pi. 5: figs. 48-49. [Egypt.] (Turonian.) H. batalleri Lambert, 1933d: 187-188, pi. 1: figs. 14-16. [Spain.] (Maestrichtian.) H. benhurensis Stephenson, 1941:67, pi. 7: figs. 8-10. [U.S.A.] (Navarro Group. Maestrichtian.) H. besairiei Lambert, 1933a:22. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Campanian.) H. catandubensis Maury, 1934a: 155, pi. 16: figs. 2-3. [Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte.] (Turonian.) H. cedroensis Maury, 1936:280-283, pi. 2: figs. 3, 7. [Brazil.] (Lower Turonian.) H. cranium Cooke, 1946:226-227, pi. 32: figs. 1-4. [U.S.A.] (Washita Group. Cenomanian.) H. fourtaui Chiplonker, 1937:64. [India. New name for Hemiaster cenomanensis Duncan, 1887, not Cotteau, 1887; H. oldhami Fourtau, 1918; not Noetling, 1897.] (Lower Cenomanian.) H. gemellaroi Checchia-Rispoli, 1936:302-303, pi. 16: figs. 5-5a, pi. 17: figs. 4—4a. [Sicily, southwest Italy.] (Cenomanian.) H. gonzalezmunozi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 170-171, pi. 11: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] H. heteropneustes Lambert, 1936c:28-29, pi. 4: figs. 20-22. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maes¬ trichtian.) H. holoambitatus Chiplonker, 1937:64-65, pi. 6: figs. 4a-c. [India.] (Lower Cenomanian.) H. integer Lambert, 1933a:21-22, pi. 3: figs. 5-6. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Turonian.) H. jacksoni Maury, 1925:518-521. [Brazil.] (Turo¬ nian?) H. jacobi Besairie and Lambert, 1930:109, pi. 9: figs. 2-3. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maes¬ trichtian.) H. judinkensis Schmidt in Schmidt and Veresh- chaghin, 1960:228-229, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [U.S.S.R.] H. labriei Lambert, 1936d:84-85, fig. 1, pi. 6: figs. 5-7. [France.] (Upper Senonian.) H. lamberti Sanchez Roig, 1949:238-239, pi. 35: figs. 7-8. [Cuba.] H. latesulcatus Lambert, 1936a:206, pi. 24: figs. 3- 4. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] H. madagascariensis Cottreau, 1922a: 118-120, pi. 2: figs. 1-8. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Senonian.) H. madagascariensis Cottreau nana Lambert, 1936a: 205, pi. 24: figs. 5-6. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) H. madrugensis Weisbord, 1934:35-37, pi. 3: figs. 4- 6. [Cuba.] H. mutabilis Lambert, 1933a:20-21, pi. 3: figs. 7-8. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Turonian.) H. narindensis Lambert, 1933a:24, fig. 2. [Madagas¬ car, off East Africa.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) H. oliveirai Marchesini Santos and de Souza Cunha, 1959:13-15, pi. 3: figs. 1-4. [Brazil.] (Maestrich¬ tian.) H. parallelus Lambert, 1936a:206, pi. 24: figs. 1-2. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Senonian?) H. paronai Checchia-Rispoli, 1921:27-29, pi. 8: fig. 24, pi. 9: figs. 14, 18. [Tripoli, Libya.] (Seno¬ nian.) H. pseudoanticus Lambert, 1933a:21, pi. 2: figs. 27-28. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Turonian.) H. rioupanemensis Maury, 1925:502-505, pi. 24: fig. 10. [Brazil.] H. sabinal Cooke, 1953:34, pi. 13: figs. 7-10. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Santonian/Coniacian?) H. sanctisebastiani Maury, 1925:508-511, pi. 24: fig. 13. [Brazil.] H. schoelleri Lambert, 1938a:277-278, pi. 19: figs. 1-3. [Tunis, North Africa.] (Upper Cenomanian.) H. siboneyensis Weisbord, 1934:37-39, pi. 3: figs. 7-9. [Cuba.] H. stoliczkai Stefanini, 1928:179-180, pi. 21: figs. 2a-d, 3a-d. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] (Cenoma¬ nian.) 100 H. teilhardi Basse, 1928:115-116, figs. 3-4, pi. 7: figs. la-b. [South America.] (Cenomanian?) H. tubillensis Lambert, 1935£:519—520, pi. 57: figs. 10-11. [Spain.] (Upper Campanian.) H. uwajimensis Morishita, 1962:114-115, pi. 1: figs. 1-7. [Shikoku, Japan.] (Lower part of Yo- shida group.) Lower Cretaceous H. hourcqi Lambert, 1936c:28, pi. 2: figs. 7-8. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Albian.) H. reineckei Haughton, 1924:102-103, pi. 4: fig. 4; 1925:282-283, pi. 15: fig. 4. [Angola, south¬ west Africa.] (Upper Albian.) H. stefaninii Lang in Montanaro-Gallitelli and Lang, 1937:204-205, pi. 9: fig. 12. [Zululand, Africa.] (Albian.) H. zululandensis Besairie and Lambert, 1930:116, pi. 10: figs. 3-4. [Zululand, East Africa.] (Albian.) Subgenus Hemiaster (Mecaster ) Pomel Upper Cretaceous H. (M.) chirakhanensis Chiplonker, 1939:240-241, pi. 25: figs. 4a-b. [India.] (Cenomanian.) Subgenus Hemiaster (Trachyaster) Pomel In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U559) considers Trachyaster Pomel a subgenus of Hemi¬ aster. Middle Miocene T. aichinoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1927:2-5, figs. 1-3, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Cyrenaica, Eastern Libya.] T. hlinnensis Senes, 1955:26-27, pi. 1: fig. 3. [East¬ ern Slovakia.] (Helvetian.) Upper Cretaceous T. minutus Sanchez Roig, 1949:241-242, pi. 42: figs. 6-8. [Cuba.] T. simpaticus Sanchez Roig, 1949:242-243, pi. 42: figs. 3-5. [Cuba.] (Maestrichtian.) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Crucibrissus Lambert Upper Eocene C. cabrerai Sanchez Roig, 1953a:67, pi. 10(pars), pi. 21. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene C. abichi Meffert, 1931:38-39, pi. 6: figs. 10-11. [Armenia.] (Lutetian.) Genus Distefanaster Checchia-Rispoli Upper Cretaceous D. pygmeus Lambert, 1933a:25, pi. 4: fig. 18. [Mad¬ agascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) Genus Ditremaster Munier-Chalmas Oligocene Opissaster (Ditremaster ) oligocenicus Stchepinsky, 1943a:225, 238-239, pi. 1: fig. 6; 1943b:225, pi. 1: fig. 6. [Turkey.] Middle Eocene D. granosus Lambert, 1933a:40, pi. 4: fig. 17. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lutetian.) D. olbrechtsi Dartevelle, 1953:148-153, figs. 48-50, pi. 11: figs. 1-5. [Congo and Angola, South Africa.] (Lutetian.) Genus Hernandezaster Sanchez Roig Upper Oligocene Hernandezaster Sdnchez Roig, 1949:211-212. Type- species: H. hernandezi Sanchez Roig, 1949: 212-213, pi. 33: figs. 3-5. [Cuba.] Genus Holcopneustes Cotteau Miocene H.? pomeyroli Jeannet, 1952:413-416, pi. 12: figs. 1-5. [New Caledonia, southwest Pacific Ocean east of Queensland, Australia.] NUMBER 34 101 Lower Eocene H. obtritus Lambert, 1933a:40, pi. 4: fig. 11. [Mada¬ gascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) Paleocene H. narindensis Lambert, 1933a:24-25, pi. 4: figs. 8-10. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Danian.) Genus Opissaster Pomel Miocene O. herrerae Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1926:126-127, pi. 40: figs. 1-2, pi. 41: fig. 3. [Cuba.] Middle Miocene O. rozieri Lambert, 1928b: 124—125. [France.] (Helvetian.) Lower Miocene O. kugleri Jeannet, 1928a:41-42, pi. 5: figs. 3-5, pi. 6: fig. 12; 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] (Serie superieure de Agua Salada.) Eocene O. somaliensis Currie, 1925:71-74, fig. 14, pi. 10: figs. 8a-c, 9, 10, lla-b, 12. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Middle Eocene O. derasmoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1950a[l945-1946]: 32-35, pi. 1: figs. 6-7. [Somaliland, East Africa.] O. derasmoi Checchia-Rispoli var. angulatus Kier, 1957b:879-880, pi. 105: figs. 7-9. [British Somali¬ land, East Africa.] (Karkar Series.) Lower Eocene O. farquharsoni Currie, 1927:438-441, figs. 4a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Paleocene O. auraduensis Kier, 1957b:876-877, fig. 15a, pi. 105: figs. 3-5. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Lower Auradu Series.) Upper Cretaceous O. cantabriae Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 171-172, pi. 11: figs. 5-6. [Cuba.] Genus Palhemiaster Lambert Lower Cretaceous P. ibericus Jeannet, 1934c:388; 1935a: 181-183, figs. 1-2, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean.] (Aptian/Urgonian.) Genus Sarsiaster Mortensen Recent Sarsiaster Mortensen, 1950b: 157-158. Type-species: S. griegii Mortensen, 1950b: 157-158. [North Atlantic.] Genus Tessieria Collignon Upper Cretaceous Tessieria Collignon, 1949:263. Type-species: T. senegalensis Collignon, 1949:263-268, figs. 1-2, pi. 9a: figs. 1-5. [Senegal, West Africa.] (Maes- trichtian.) Genus Washitaster Lambert Lower Cretaceous W. barremicus Tanaka and Okubo, 1954:220, pi. 7: fig. 3. [Japan.] (Barremian.) W. japonicus Tanaka and Okubo, 1954:220-221, pi. 7: fig. 4. [Japan.] (Albian.) W.? macroholcus Nisiyama, 1950a:44-46, figs. 4-6. [Japan.] (Neocomian.) 102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Family PALAEOSTOMATIDAE Loven Genus Paleostoma Loven Eocene P. rochi Lambert, 1937:88-89, pi. 3: figs. 15-17. [Morocco.] Genus Leiostomaster Lambert Lower Cretaceous L. bosei Smiser, 1936:476, pi. 64: figs. 4-8. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Comanchean.) Genus Ornithaster Cotteau Upper Cretaceous O. cordiformis Bohm, 1927:196-197, pi. 12: figs. 3a-b. [Bithynia, Asia Minor.] (Senonian.) O. sokolovi Moskvin, 1959:275, fig. 84, pi. 18: figs. 8a-c, 9a-b. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] Family PERICOSMIDAE Lambert Genus Pericosmus L. Agassiz Recent P. abatoides H. L. Clark, 1925a: 199-200, pi. 11: figs. 4-6. [East end of Barrier Island, South Pacific Ocean.] P. akabanus Mortensen, 1939c:38-42, pi. 3: figs. 1-6, pi. 4: figs. 1-16. [Red Sea.] P. bidens Mortensen, 1950b: 158. [Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.] P. cordatus Mortensen, 1950b: 158. [Golo Islands, Japan.] P. keiensis Mortensen, 1950b: 159. [Kei Islands, Indonesia.] P. mauritianus Mortensen, 1950b: 159. [Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.] P. melanostomus Mortensen, 1948a: 119-120. [China Sea.] P. oblongus Mortensen, 1950b: 159. [Bali Sea, west¬ ern Pacific Ocean.] P. tenuis Mortensen, 1950b: 159. [Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.] Pliocene P. schencki Israelsky, 1933b:306-307, pi. 3: figs. 1-2, pi. 4: fig. 1. [Philippine Islands, South Pacific Ocean.] Miocene P. artemisae Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 168-169, pi. 11: fig. 1. [Cuba.] P. magnificus Nisiyama, 1968:269-272, pi. 28: figs. 1-2. [Japan.] (Aijiri Fm.) P. valenzuelai Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 167-168, pi. 10: fig. 5. [Cuba.] Middle Miocene P. israelskyi Durham, 1961a:481, 483, figs. II, 1L, 2E, pi. 67: figs. 5, 8, 11. [Costa Rica.] (Burdi- galian/Helvetian.) P. stehlini Jeannet, 1928a:43-44, pi. 4: figs. 21-24; 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] (Damsite series.) Lower Miocene P. stefaninii Socin, 1942:49-50. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Upper Oligocene P. blanquizalensis Sanchez Roig, 1952c:21, pi. 13: fig. 2. [Cuba.] P. camagueyanus Sanchez Roig, 1949:246-247, pi. 38: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] P. delgadoi Sanchez Roig, 1953a:65, pi. 16(pars). [Cuba.] P. giganteus Sanchez Roig, 1952c:21-22, pi. 13: fig. 1, pi. 14: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Middle Oligocene P. gardensis Venzo, 1933:210-211, pi. 12: fig. 2. [Italy.] (Rupelian.) Eocene P. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1951:60-61, pi. 36: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 103 Upper Eocene P. cubanus Palmer in Sdnchez Roig, 1949:248. [Cuba.] P. zanolettii Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 169-170, pi. 11: fig. 2. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene P. clarki Lambert, 1933a:41, pi. 3: fig. 14. [Mada¬ gascar, off East Africa.] (Lutetian.) Lower Eocene P. gregoryi Currie, 1927:430, figs. 7a-b. [Somali¬ land, East Africa.] Subgenus Pericosmus ( Lambertona) Sanchez Roig Lower Eocene Lambertona Sanchez Roig, 1953b:257. Type-species: Victoriaster lamberti Sanchez Roig. [Cuba.] Subgenus Pericosmus ( Victoriaster ) Lambert Tertiary V. jamaicensis Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:150, pi. 3: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Lower Miocene V. lamberti Sanchez Roig, 1926:129-130, pi. 42: fig. 1, pi. 43: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Genus Mundaster Soares and Devries Upper Cretaceous Mundaster Soares and Devries, 1967:8. Type- species: M. tentugalensis Soares and Devries, 1967:8-10, fig. 2, pi. 1: figs. 1-9. [Casal Novo do Rio and Carapinheira, Portugal.] (Upper Ceno¬ manian to lower Turonian.) Family SCHIZASTERIDAE Lambert Genus Schizaster L. Agassiz Pliocene S. alsiensis Maccagno, 1947a: 116-121, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [Rome, Italy.] S. jeanneti Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937: 293-295, figs. 63a-c, 64. [Dutch East Indies, west¬ ern Pacific Ocean.] S. morlini Grant and Hertlein, 1956:107-109, pi. 29: figs. 1-8. [California, U.S.A.] S. portisi Serra, 1932:888-893, fig. 1. [Italy.] S. pratti Israelsky, 1933b:305-306, pi. 4: figs. 2-3, pi. 5: figs. 1-4. [Philippine Islands, South Pacific Ocean.] Middle Pliocene S. excavatus Martin in Jeannet and Martin, 1937: 292-293, figs. 62a-b. [Dutch East Indies, western Pacific Ocean.] Lower Pliocene S. kinasaensis Morishita, 1953:224—225, pi. 1: fig. 8. [Japan.] (Middle part of Ogawa Fm.) Miocene S. minihagali Deraniyagala, 1956:4, pi. 3: figs. 3-4. [Ceylon, Indian Ocean.] S. miyazakiensis Morishita, 1956:197-199, pi. 3: figs, la-d, 2a-d, pi. 4: figs. la-d. [Japan.] (Miya¬ zaki Group.) Upper Miocene S. costaricensis Durham, 196la:483-484, figs. 1C, IF, 2G, 2H, pi. 68: figs. 8, 10, 11, 13. [Costa Rica.] Lower Miocene S. guirensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:278-279, pi. 43: figs. 4—5. [Cuba.] S. salutis Sanchez Roig, 1949:278, pi. 45: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] 104 S. sanctamariae Sanchez Roig, 1949:272, pi. 44: figs. 4—5. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig cites it as Upper Cretaceous, Brodermann (1949:328) says it is Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene.] Oligocene S. moronensis Sanchez Roig, 1951:58-59, pi. 36: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene S. cojimarensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:270, pi. 44: figs. 1, 3. [Cuba.] S. dumblei Israelsky, 1924:141. [Mexico.] S. habanensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:270-271, pi. 45: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] S. llagunoi Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1949:274-275. [Cuba. Although Lambert cites it as Miocene, Brodermann (1949:328) says it is Middle Eocene/Upper Oligocene.] S. munozi Sanchez Roig, 1949:277, pi. 43: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] S. vedadoensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:271-272, pi. 45: fig. 8. [Cuba.] Eocene S. altissimus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:58, pi. 11: figs. 11-13. [Jamaica, West Indies.] S. bathypetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927: 58- 59, pi. 12: figs. 1-4. [Jamaica, West Indies.] S. brachypetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927: 59- 60, pi. 11: figs. 14-16. [Jamaica, West Indies.] S. dyscritus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:61, pi. 12: figs. 7-9. [Jamaica, West Indies.] S. hexagonalis Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:61-62, pi. 12: figs. 10-11, pi. 13: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] S. narindensis Lambert, 1933a:43, pi. 4: fig. 23. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] S. pappi Thirring, 1936:56-57, pi. 2: fig. 17. [Hun¬ gary.] Upper Eocene S. beckeri Cooke, 1942:40, pi. 3: figs. 5-8. [U.S.A.] S. caobaense Sanchez Roig, 1949:273-274, pi. 44: fig. 2. [Cuba.] (Priabonian.) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY S. gerthi Pijpers, 1933:96-97, fig. 157, pi. 1: fig. 19, pi. 2: figs. 10-12. [Dutch West Indies, Nether- land Antilles, off Venezuelan coast.] S. humei Lambert, 1931d:204, pi. 5: figs. 12-14. [Egypt.] (Priabonian.) S. santanae Sanchez Roig, 1949:281-282, pi. 45: figs. 5-7. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig cites it as Upper Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:328) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] Middle Eocene S. delorenzoi Checchia-Rispoli, I950a[1945-1946]: 35-36, pi. 2: figs. 5, 5a-c. [Somaliland, East Africa.] S. gigas Sanchez Roig, 1953a:66, pi. 20. [Cuba.] S. marci Castex, 1930:53-54, pi. 4: figs. 9-12. [France.] (Upper to Middle Lutetian.) S. pentagonalis Sanchez Roig, 1953a: 65-66, pi. 19. [Cuba.] Lower Eocene S. alcaldei Sanchez Roig, 1949:273, pi. 32: fig. 4. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:327) says it is Lower Eocene.] S. eopneustes Lambert, 1933a:42, pi. 3: fig. 15. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] S. leprosorum Lambert, 1933a:42, fig. 8. [Madagas¬ car, off East Africa.] S. persica Clegg, 1933:13-14, pi. 1: figs. 6a-c, 7a-c. [Persia (Iran).] Upper Paleocene S. schlosseri Traub, 1938:40, pi. 1: figs. 9a-b. [Ger¬ many.] (Thanetian.) Genus Aplospatangus Lambert In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U569) considers Aplospatangus a subjective synonym of Schizaster L. Agassiz. Miocene Schizaster (Aplospatangus) rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1952c:25-26, pi. 15: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 105 Lower Miocene S. (A.) riveroi Sanchez Roig, 1952c:27, pi. 15: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Subgenus Schizaster ( Schizaster ) L. Agassiz Miocene S. (S .) fernandezi Sdnchez Roig, 1952c:25, pi. 9: fig. 3. [Cuba.] Subgenus Schizaster ( Hypselaster ) Clark Recent H. affinis Mortensen, 1948a: 121-123. [Philippine Islands.] H. dolosus H. L. Clark, 1938:430-432, pi. 28: figs. 4-7. [Western Australia.] Eocene H. perplexus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:56-57, pi. 11: figs. 8-10. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Subgenus Schizaster ( Paraster ) Pomel Recent Paraster erythraeus Tortonese, 1932:1-6, figs. 1-7. [Red Sea.] Schizaster ( Paraster ) floridiensis Kier and Grant, 1965:50-54, fig. 15, pi. 13: figs. 4-6, pi. 14: figs. 1-9. [Florida, U.S.A.] Pleistocene P. sierrai Sanchez Roig, 1951:63-64, pi. 40: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Pliocene P.eustatii Engel, 1961:3—5, figs. 1-4. [Lesser Antilles, West Indies.] P. hyperocus H. L. Clark, 1945:323-324, pi. 42: figs. L-M, pi. 43: fig. A. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] Miocene P. saipanicus Cooke, 1957:363-364, pi. 119: figs. 18-21. [Mariana Islands, Western Pacific Ocean.] P. tampicoensis Israelsky, 1924:140. [Mexico.] Oligocene P. tschopi Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:290-291, pi. 46: fig. 1. [Cuba. Although Palmer says this is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:325) says it is Lower to Upper Oligocene.] Eocene P. camagueyensis Weisbord, 1934:68-70, pi. 7: figs. 9-11. [Cuba.] P. delgadoi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 174, pi. 12: figs. 5-6. [Cuba.] S. ( P .) taiwanicus Hayasaka, 1948:98-101, pi. 2: fig. 4, pi. 5: figs. 2-5. [China.] (Slate Fm.) Upper Eocene P. cubitabellae Weisbord, 1934:72-74, pi. 7: figs. 15-16. [Cuba.] P. nuevitasensis Weisbord, 1934:67-70, pi. 7: figs. 7-8. [Cuba.] P. orientalis Sanchez Roig, 1949:289-290, pi. 46: figs. 2-3. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig cites it as Upper Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:325) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] P. pastelilloensis Weisbord, 1934:70-72, pi. 7: figs. 12-14. [Cuba.] P. pinarensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 173-174, pi. 12: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene S. (P.) karkarensis Kier, 1957b:883-884, pi. 106: figs. 1-3. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Kar- kar Series.) Paleocene S. (P.) duroensis Kier, 1957b:885-886, pi. 106: figs. 11-14. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Lower Auradu Series.) 106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY S. (P.) hunti Kier, 1957b:882-883, pi. 106: figs. 5-7. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Lower Auradu Series.) Genus Abatus Troschel Recent A. curvidens Mortensen, 1936a:226-228, pi. 3: fig. 9, pi. 9: figs. 17-20. [Antarctic Ocean.] A. ingens Koehler, 1926:58-65, pi. Ill: fig. 9, pi. 113: fig. 7, pi. 117: figs. 3-5, 7-8, pi. 118: figs. 1-7, pi. 123: figs. a-k. [Antarctic.] Genus Agassizia Agassiz and Desor Miocene A. algarbiensis Da Veiga Ferreira, 1962:293-295, pi. 1: figs. 1-6. [Portugal.] A. cyrenaica Desio, 1929:340-342, pi. 39: figs. 3a-d. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] A. cyrenaica Desio var. psendoclevei Desio, 1929: 343-344, pi. 39: figs. 4a-c. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] A. cyrenaica Desio var. pseudoinflata Desio, 1929: 342-343, pi. 40: figs. 2a-c. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] A. pinarensis Sanchez Roig, 1952c:22-23, pi. 6: figs. 6-7. [Cuba.] A. scrobiculata Valenciennes var. persica Clegg, 1933:29-30, pi. 3: figs. 6a-d. [Persia (Iran).] Lower Miocene A. regia Israelsky, 1924:142. [Mexico. Although Israelsky considered the Tuxpam Beds, from where this species was collected, to be Oligocene, these beds are now (Masuda, 1971:215-216) con¬ sidered to be Early Miocene.] Olicocene A. avilensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:260, pi. 41: figs. 4- 6, 8. [Cuba.] A. camagueyana Weisbord, 1934:83-84, pi. 9: figs. 5- 6. [Cuba.] A. guanensis Sanchez Roig, 1951:62-63, pi. 39: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene A. alveari Sanchez Roig, 1949:258-259, pi. 41: fig. 7. [Cuba.] A. lamberti Palmer var. oligocenicus Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:261-262, pi. 38, fig. 5. [Cuba. Although Palmer says it is Lower Oligocene, Brodermann (1949:316) says it is Upper Oligo¬ cene.] Lower Oligocene A. lamberti Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:261, pi. 41: fig. 11. [Cuba. Although Palmer says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:316) says it is Lower Oligocene.] Upper Eocene A. caribbeana Weisbord, 1934:74-76, pi. 8: figs. 1-6. [Cuba.] A. flexnosa Sanchez Roig, 1949:257-258, pi. 41: figs. 9-10. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene A. caobaensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 172-173, pi. 12: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Subgenus Agassizia ( Anisaster) Pomel Upper Oligocene A. (A.) mossomi Cooke, 1942:46-47, pi. 5: figs. 14-17. [U.S.A.] A. (A.) wilmingtonica Cooke, 1942:46, pi. 5: figs. 9-13. [U.S.A.] Genus Eoagassizia Grant and Hertlein In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U575) considers Eoagassizia a subjective synonym of Agas¬ sizia (Anisaster) Pomel. Eocene Eoagassizia Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 115-116. Type-species: E. alta Alex Clark in Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 116-117, fig. 11, pi. 12: figs. 5-7. [California, U.S.A.] (Probably Sierra Blanca.) NUMBER 34 107 Genus Amphipneustes Koehler Recent A. bifidus Mortensen, 1950a:304-305, pi. 7: figs. 1-3, pi. 9: figs. 1, 7-9. [Antarctic.] A. similis Mortensen, 1936a:231-233, pi. 4: figs. 1-7, pi. 9: figs. 21-26. [Antarctic Ocean.] Genus Antipneustes Koehler (nom. van.) In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U575) considers Antipneustes a synonym of Amphipneustes Koehler. Recent A. brevisternalis Koehler, 1926:83-87, pi. 112: figs. 2-6, pi. 124: fig. 3. [Antarctic.] A. marsupialis Koehler, 1926:79-83, pi. 115: figs. 2, 5, 7-9, pi. 124: fig. 2. [Antarctic.] A. rostratus Koehler, 1926:70-76, pi. 114: figs. 1-6, pi. 115: figs. 1, 3, 4, 6, pi. 116: figs. 1-6, pi. 117: figs. 1, 2, 6, 9, pi. 124: fig. 1. [Antarctic.] A. tumescens Koehler, 1926:76-79, pi. 113: figs. 1-6. [Antarctic.] Genus Brisaster Gray Recent B. owstoni Mortensen, 1950b: 160. [Japan. Gulf of Tokio and Sagami Sea.] Recent / Pliocene B. townsendi A. Agassiz woynari Hertlein and Grant, 1960:132-133, pi. 25: fig. 5, pi. 26: figs. 1-3. [Southern California, U.S.A.] (San Diego Fm.) Oligocene B. maximus H. L. Clark, 1937b:368, pi. 24: fig. 9. [Oregon, U.S.A.] (Refugian Stage.) Genus Cagaster Nisiyama Miocene Cagaster Nisiyama, 1968:248-249. Type-species: Schizaster recticanalis Yoshiwara. [Japan.] Genus Diploporaster Mortensen Recent Diploporaster Mortensen, 1950b: 160. Type-species: D. barbatus Mortensen, 1950b: 160. [Zanzibar, East Africa, Indian Ocean.] Genus Sinaechinus Hayasaka In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U576) considers Sinaechinus a subjective synonym of Faorina Gray. Recent/Pliocene Sinaechinus Hayasaka, 1948: 93-94. Type-species: S. kawaguchii Hayasaka, 1948:94-96, pi. 3: figs. 1-5, pi. 4: figs. la-c. [China.] Genus Hemifaorina Jeannet and Martin Miocene Hemifaorina Jeannet and Martin, 1937:289. Type- species: Hemiaster tuber Herklots. [Java, Indo¬ nesia.] Genus Linthia Desor T ERTI ARY L. obesa Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:148-149, pi. 2: figs. 4-6. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Miocene L. taiwanensis Hayasaka, 1948:90-93, pi. 1: figs, la-b, pi. 2: figs. la-b. [China.] (Kansirei Fm., upper Kaizan Gp.) 108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Paleogene L. desioi Airaghi, 1934:73-74, pi. 5: figs. 12-14. [Libya, North Africa.] L. praenipponica Nagao, 1928:18, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [Japan.] L. yessoensis Minato, 1950:158-159, figs. 1-2. [Japan.] (Lower Corbicula bed of the Ishikari Series.) Oligocene L. boreasteria Nisiyama, 1968:240-243, figs. 71a-b, 72a. [Northern Japan.] (Nissikutan Fm.) Eocene L. atolladosae Sanchez Roig, 1951:59-60, pi. 34: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] L. bulgarica Gocev, 1933:56-58, figs. 12-14, pi. 5: fig. 1, pi. 6: fig. 1. [Bulgaria.] L. heimei Jeannet, 1936c:56-59, figs. 6-8. [Switzer¬ land.] L. mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli, 1950b:36-38, pi. 1: figs. 4-4a. [Northeast Somalia, East Africa.] L. mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli var. depressa Chec¬ chia-Rispoli, 1950b: 38, pi. 1: figs. 5, 5a-b. [North¬ east Somalia, East Africa.] L. psendoglobalis Thirring, 1936:60-61, pi. 1: figs. 6-8. [Hungary.] L. suitensis Jeannet, 1936c:65-69, figs. 13-15. [Swit¬ zerland.] Upper Eocene L. balboi Airaghi, 1939:275-276, pi. 11: fig. 13. [North Africa.] L. caraibensis Jeannet, 1928a: 16-17, pi. 1: figs. 22- 26, pi. 6: fig. 3; 1928b:220. [Trinity, off the coast of Venezuela.] (Priabonian or Jacksonian.) L. garciai Sanchez Roig, 1952c:24, pi. 9: fig. 2. [Cuba.] L. hanoverensis Kellum, 1926:15-16, pi. 1: figs. 8-9. [North Carolina, U.S.A.] Schizaster (Linthia) ocalanus Cooke, 1942:42-43, pi. 5: figs. 18-22. [U.S.A.] Middle Eocene L. darderi Lambert, 1935b:369—370, pi. 41: fig. 7. [Spain.] (Lutetian.) L. mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli, I950a[1945-1946]: 36-38, pi. 1: figs. 4-5. [Somaliland, East Africa.] L. mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli var. depressa Chec¬ chia-Rispoli, 1950a[1945-1946]:37-38, pi. 1: figs. 5, 5a-b. [Migiurtinia(P), Somaliland, East Africa.] L. rolandi Castex, 1930:46-48, pi. 4: figs. 3-5. [France.] (Lutetian.) L. trechmanni Hawkins, 1924:319-321, pi. 18: figs. 6-7. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Lower Eocene L. arabica Clegg, 1933:16-17, pi. 2: figs, la-c, 2a-c. [Arabia.] L. gibba Lambert, 1933a:41, fig. 7. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] L. hargeisensis Currie, 1943:27. [Somaliland, East Africa.] (Auradu Ls.) L. hollandi Barry in Barry and Le Blanc, 1942: 43-44, pi. 2: figs. 3-4. [Texas, U.S.A.] L. somaliensis Currie, 1927:432-435. [Somaliland, East Africa.] L. sudanensis Bather var. brevipetala Lambert and P^baskine, 1929:476-477, pi. 38: fig. 12. [North Africa.] Paleocene L. maverickensis Gardner, 1933:110-111, pi. 4: figs. 13-14. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Midway Gp.) Cretaceous L. aguayoi Sanchez Roig, 1949:265-266, pi. 48: figs. 1-2, pi. 49: fig. 1. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig cites it as Upper Oligocene, Brodermann (1949: 324) says it is Cretaceous.] Upper Cretaceous L. alta Sanchez Roig, 1949:266-267, pi. 49: figs. 3-5. [Cuba.] L. avilensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:264, pi. 32: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] L. brodermanni Sanchez Roig, 1949:263-264, pi. 49: figs. 2-4. [Cuba.] L. cretacica Sanchez Roig, 1949:264-265, pi. 47: figs. 1-3. [Cuba.] L. dainellii Stefanini, 1928:182-184, pi. 21: figs. 6a-e, 7. [Karakorum, Mongolia.] (Cenomanian.) NUMBER 34 109 L. gonzalezmunozi Sdnchez Roig, 1952c: 23-24, pi. 9: fig. 1. [Cuba.] (Senonian.) L. mullerriedi Lambert, 1935d:373, pi. 16: figs. 20- 21. [Mexico.] (Lower Senonian.) Subgenus Linthia ( Lutetiaster ) Lambert Middle Eocene L. lamberti Castex, 1930:48, pi. 4: figs. 6-8. [France.] (Upper Lutetian.) L. maccagnoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1950a[ 1945—1946]: 38-39, pi. 1: figs. 3-3a. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Genus Moira A. Agassiz Recent M. lachesis Mortensen, 1930:389-393, fig. 1, pi. 2: figs. 1-7, pi. 3: figs. 5-8, pi. 4: figs. 1-14. [Japan.] M. lethe Mortensen, 1930:392, fig. 2, pi. 3: figs. 1-4. [Queensland, Australia.] Miocene M. adamthi Clegg, 1933:27-29, pi. 3: figs. 4a-c, 5a-c. [Persian Gulf.] Lower Miocene M. obesa Nisiyama, 1935:164-167, figs. 9a-c, pi. 8: figs. 6-16. [Japan.] Subgenus Moira ( Moiropsis ) A. Agassiz Upper Miocene M. depressa Hayasaka, 1948:106-109, pi. 1: figs. 4a-c. [China.] Genus Periaster d’Orbigny Paleocene /Cretaceous P. inconstans Lambert, 1933a:25-26, pi. 4: fig. 15. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Danian/Upper Maestrichtian.) Cretaceous P. kuhni Mitzopoulos, 1960:285, pi. 3: figs. 4-6. [Greece.] Upper Cretaceous P. ciryi Lambert, 1935f:520, pi. 57: figs. 13-15. [Spain.] (Coniacian.) P. maugerii Checchia-Rispoli, 1936:304-305, pi. 16: figs. 4-4a, pi. 17: fig. 5. [Sicily, southwest of Italy.] (Cenomanian.) P. subsexangulatus Airaghi, 1939:264, pi. 10: figs. 2-3. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) P. zinai Airaghi, 1939:265, pi. 10: fig. 6. [North Africa.] (Maestrichtian.) Genus Prenaster Desor Eocene P. skorpili Gocev, 1933:58-59, pi. 2: figs, la-b, pi. 4: fig. 6, pi. 7: fig. 19a-d. [Bulgaria.] Upper Eocene P. jeanneti Pijpers, 1933:93-94, fig. 156, pi. 1: figs. 9-12. [Netherland Antilles, Dutch West Indies.] P. nuevitasensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:252, pi. 42: figs. 1-2. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Eocene, Brodermann (1949:326) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] P. parvus Palmer in Sanchez Roig, 1949:251-252, pi. 42: fig. 12. [Cuba.] P. sanchezi Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1949:251, pi. 46: figs. 4-6. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Eocene, Brodermann (1949:326) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] Middle Eocene P. clarcki Sanchez Roig, 1949:252-253, pi. 46: figs. 7-8. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:326) says it is Middle Eocene.] 110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Cretaceous P. elongatus Sanchez Roig, 1949:250, pi. 50: figs. 3-4. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Lower Eocene, Brodermann (1949:326) says it is Cretaceous.] Subgenus Prenaster (Saviniaster ) Lambert Recent S. enodatus Chesher, 1968a: 143-149, pis. 33-35. [Bahama Island, southeast of Florida, U.S.A.] Genus Proraster Lambert Upper Cretaceous P. atavus (Arnaud) Lambert var. mediterraneus Kuhn, 1925:185-187. [France.] (Lower Campa¬ nian.) Genus Sanfilippaster Checchia-Rispoli In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U578) considers Sanfilippaster a subjective synonym of Proraster Lambert. Upper Cretaceous Sanfilippaster Checchia-Rispoli, 1932b: 313—316. Type-species: Proraster geayi Cotteau. [Madagas¬ car, off East Africa, and Tripoli, Libya.] (Upper Senonian.) Genus Tripylus Philippi Paleocene T. pseudoviviparus Lambert, 1933a:27-28, pi. 4: figs. 1-7. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous T. antonibensis Lambert, 1933a:28, pi. 4: figs. 12- 14. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Mae- strichtian.) Suborder MICRASTERINA A. G. Fischer Family MICRASTERIDAE Lambert Genus Micraster L. Agassiz Paleocene M. desori 0dum, 1926:162-163, pi. 2: fig. I. [Den¬ mark.] (Danian.) Cretaceous M. depressus Kongiel in Kongiel and Matweije- wowna, 1937:116-117, 139-140, pi. 5: figs. 6-9. [Poland.] M. elevatus Sanchez Roig, 1949:218, pi. 47: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] Upper Cretaceous M. burgiensis Lambert, 1935L518, pi. 57: figs. 5-8. [Spain.] (Coniacian.) M. coravium Moskvin, 1959:283, fig. 97, pi. 22: figs. la-e, 2a-b. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] M. gappi Kuhn, 1925:184-187, figs. 2a-c. [Austria.] (Coniacian.) M. piriformis Bohm, 1927:197-198, pi. 12: figs. 7a-c. [Bithynia, Asia Minor.] (Senonian.) M. subglobosus Moskvin, 1959:280, fig. 92, pi. 19: figs. la-e. [Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] M. trangahyensis Lambert, 1936c:27, pi. 2: figs. 9-10. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Senonian.) M. uddeni Cooke, 1953:37-38, pi. 15: figs. 6-9. [Texas, U.S.A.] (Santonian.) M. vistulensis Kongiel, 1950:318-320, 325-326, pi. 2: figs. 5-8. [Poland.] (Upper Maestrichtian.) Subgenus Micraster (Micraster) L. Agassiz Upper Cretaceous M. (M.) schroederi Stalley planus Maczynska. 1968: 116-118, 168, pi. 5: figs. 2a-c, pi. 6: figs. la-2d, pi. 7: figs, la-e, text-pl. 5: figs. 1-3, text-pl. 6: figs. 1-3. [Poland.] (Campanian.) M. (M.) bibicensis Maczynska, 1968:129-130, 168, pi. 13: figs, la-4, text-pl. 10: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] (Upper Campanian.) NUMBER 34 111 Subgenus Micraster (Paramicraster) Maczynska Upper Cretaceous Micraster (Paramicraster ) Maczynska, 1968:154-155. Type-species: M. (P.) latior (Rowe). [Poland.] (Santonian.) M. (P.) cracoviensis Maczynska, 1968:155-157, 168, pi. 24: figs, la-e, pi. 25: figs, la-d, text-pl. 21: figs. 1-4. [Poland.] (Lower Campanian.) Genus Brissopneustes Cotteau Lower Eocene B. desioi Lambert, 1933a:36, pi. 3: fig. 13. [Mada¬ gascar, off East Africa.] Paleocene B. decaryi Lambert, 1933a: 19, pi. 3: figs. 9-10. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Danian.) B. schwetzovi Poslavskaia and Moskvin, 1960:73- 74, 81, fig. 24, pi. 6: figs. 2a-d, 3. [U.S.S.R.] (Danian.) Genus Isopneustes Pomel Paleocene Micraster (Isopneustes) eysdenensis Smiser, 1935b: 84, pi. 7: figs. 7a-g. [Belgium.] (Montian.) M. (I.) montensis Smiser, 1935b:84, pi. 7: figs. 8a-d. [Belgium.] (Montian.) Family BRISSIDAE Gray Genus Brissus Gray Recent B. gigas Fell, 1947:145-150, figs. 1-2, pis. 13-14. [New Zealand.] Pliocene B. lasti Stockley, 1927:116-117, pi. 21: fig. 6. [Zan¬ zibar Protectorate, East Africa.] Miocene B. latidunensis Clegg, 1933:30-33, pi. 3: figs. 7a-c. [Persian Gulf.] Upper Miocene B. glenni Cooke, 1959:82, pi. 36: figs. 5-6. [South Carolina, U.S.A.] Lower Miocene B. kewi Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 128-129, pi. 12: figs. 1-2. [California, U.S.A.] (Vaqueros Fm.) Oligocene B. duperieri Castex, 1947:33-34, pi. 2: figs. 21-22. [France.] (Lattorfian = Sannoisian.) Upper Eocene B. camagueyensis Weisbord, 1934:76-78, pi. 9: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene B. caobaense Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 163, pi. 7: fig. 5, pi. 8: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Subgenus Brissus (Allobrissus) Mortensen Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U582), in the Treatise, considers Brissus (Allobrissus) Mortensen a subjec¬ tive synonym of Brissus Gray. Recent Brissus (Allobrissus) Mortensen, 1950b: 162. Type- species: Brissus agassizii Doderlein. [Northern Pa¬ cific Ocean.] B. (A.) meridionalis Mortensen, 1950b: 162. [Aus¬ tralian region.] Middle Miocene B. (A.) miocaenicus Schaffer, 1961:149-156, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-6, pi. 2: figs. 1-9. [Austria.] (Tor- tonian.) 112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Sandiegoaster Sanchez Roig In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al„ 1966:U582) considers Sandiegoaster a subjective synonym of Brissus Gray. Middle Eocene Sandiegoaster Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 12. Type-species: S. durhami Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 12-13, pi. 5: fig. 2, pi. 6: fig. 2, pi. 7: fig. 2. [Cuba.] Genus Aguayoaster Sanchez Roig Middle Eocene Aguayoaster Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 10-11. Type- species: A. aguayoi Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 11-12, pi. 8: figs. 3, 5-7. [Cuba.] Genus Anabrissus Mortensen Recent Anabrissus Mortensen, 1950b: 161. Type-species: Brissus damesi A. Agassiz. [Tropical Atlantic.] Genus Anametalia Mortensen Recent Anametalia Mortensen, 1950b: 161. Type-species: Brissus sternaloides Bolau. [Indonesia.] A. grandis Mortensen, 1950b: 161. [Coast of Indo- China.] Genus Arcaechinus Kier Lower Eocene Arcaechinus Kier, 1957b:891. Type-species: A. aura- duensis Kier, 1957b:891—893, fig. 18, pi. 107: figs. 6-8. [British Somaliland, East Africa.] (Upper Auradu Series.) Genus Brissopatagus Cotteau Lower Miocene/Upper Oligocene B. venzoi Checchia-Rispoli, 1947b:518-520, pi. 1: figs. 1-13. [North Africa.] (Aquitanian/Chattian.) Oligocene Eupatagus (Brissopatagus) avilensis Sanchez Roig, 1951:45-46, pi. 33: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene E. (B.) alabamensis Cooke, 1942:58-59, pi. 4: figs. 7-8. [U.S.A.] E. (B.) georgianus Cooke, 1942:58, pi. 7: figs. 8-11. [U.S.A.] B. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 164, pi. 9: figs. 5-6. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene B. collignoni Lambert, 1933a:37-38, pi. 4: fig. 21. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lutetian.) B. lummaui Castex, 1930:41-42, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [France.] (Lutetian.) Paleocene E.} (B.}) primus Cooke, 1942:59, pi. 4: figs. 1-4. [U.S.A.] (Clayton Fm.) Genus Brissopsis L. Agassiz in Agassiz and Desor Recent B. micropetala Mortensen, 1948a: 124-125. [Philip¬ pine Islands.] B. obliqua Mortensen, 1948a: 125-126. [Philippine Islands.] B. persica Mortensen, 1940c: 107-110, fig. 23, pi. 2: figs. 5-11. [Iranian Gulf.] B. persica Mortensen var. elevata Mortensen, 1940c: 110, pi. 2: fig. 12. [Iranian Gulf.] B. caparti Cherbonnier, 1959a:51-54, pi. 9: figs. A-O. [Gulf of Guinea, west central coast of Af¬ rica, Atlantic Ocean.] B. evanescens Mortensen, 1950b: 162. [Off Walfish Bay, South Africa.] B. jarlii Mortensen, 1951:302-303, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-3. [Tropical West Africa.] B. similis Mortensen, 1948a: 123-124. [Philippine Islands.] NUMBER 34 113 Pliocene B. japonica Nisiyama, 1968:281-283, pi. 25: fig. 7, pi. 26: figs. 8-9. [Japan.] (Kokumoto Fm.) B. luzonica (Gray) cosibensis Nisiyama, 1968:280- 281, pi. 25: figs. 5-6. [Japan.] (Koshiba Fm.) Upper Miocene B. makiyamai Morishita, 1957:161-163, pi. 1: figs. 1-5. [Japan.] Medial Tertiary B. blanpiedi Grant and Hertlein, 1938a:484—486, figs. 5-6, 8-10. [Mississippi, U.S.A. According to Cooke (1959:86) it is Middle Oligocene.] Oligocene B. fermori Vredenburg, 1922:413, pi. 30: fig. 2. [Burma.] Upper Oligocene B. aguayoi Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 15-16, pi. 6: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene B. steinhatchee Cooke, 1942:49, pi. 5: figs. 29-32. [U.S.A.] Genus Brissoma Pomel In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U584) considers Brissoma a subjective synonym of Brissop- sis. Lower Miocene B. vonderschmitti Jeannet, 1928a:37-38, pi. 4: figs. 16-19, pi. 6: figs. 9-11; 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] (Serie superieure d’Agua Salada.) Upper Oligocene B. habanensis Sanchez Roig, 1949: 224-225, pi. 35: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Genus Kleinia Gray In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U584) considers Kleinia a synonym of Brissopsis. Lower Miocene Brissopsis (Kleinia) crescenticus Wright var. syriaca Vautrin, 1933:104-106, pi. 12: figs. 2-3. [Asia Minor.] (Burdigalian.) Middle Eocene K. pulcra Checchia-Rispoli, 1950a[ 1945-1946]: 31- 32, pi. 2: figs. 4-4a. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Genus Cionobrissus A. Agassiz Recent C. regular is H. L. Clark, l925a:221-222, pi. 10: figs. 6-7. [ Challenger Sta. 188, west end of Torres Straits (Arafura Sea) between northern Australia and Indonesia.] Genus Cyclaster Cotteau Recent C. recens Mortensen, 1950b: 161-162. [Coast of Indo- China.] C. regalis Baker, 1969:266-270, figs. 1-18, pi. 1: figs. 1-4. [North of East Cape, Northern New Zealand.] Tertiary C. sterea Arnold and Clark, 1934:149-150, pi. 3: figs. 4-5. [Jamaica.] Upper Oligocene C. brodermanni Sanchez Roig, 1949:221, pi. 35: figs. 1-2. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:319) says it is Upper Oligocene.] 114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lower Oligocene C. drewryensis Cooke, 1942:50, pi. 3: figs. 9-11. [U.S.A.] Eocene C. sanchezi Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1926:113- 114, pi. 38: figs. 1-2. [Cuba. Although Lambert considered this species Late Cretaceous, accord¬ ing to Sanchez Roig (1949:219) it is Eocene.] Middle Eocene C. jeanneti Lambert, 1933a:36-37, pi. 3: figs. 11-12. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) Paleocene C. brunnichi Ravn, 1927:345-347, pi. 5: figs. 5a-e. [Denmark.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous C. pfenderae Basse and Lambert in Lambert, 1936c: 27-28, pi. 4: figs. 17-19. [Madagascar, off East Africa.] (Upper Campanian.) C. pygmeus Rouchadze, 1940:129-130, 155, 174— 176, fig. 20, pi. 3: fig. 7. [Georgia, U.S.S.R.] (Maestrichtian.) Subgenus Diplodetus (Protobrissus) Lambert Paleocene P. indolensis Poslavskaia and Moskvin, 1960:78, 81- 82, fig. 29, pi. 8: figs. 2a-e. [Crimea, U.S.S.R.] (Danian.) Upper Cretaceous P. akkajensis (Weber) in Moskvin, 1959:290, pi. 26: figs. la-e. [Crimea and Caucasus, U.S.S.R.] Genus Eupatagus L. Agassiz Lambert and Thi&ry (1924:450) referred species previously considered to belong to Eupatagus to a pre-Linneaus genus Brissoides Klein, 1734. Many subsequent authors have done this also. Probably all the species listed below that were referred to Brissoides should be referred to Eupatagus. Recent E. dyscritus H. L. Clark, 1938:436-437, pi. 28: figs. 10-11. [Australia.] E. rubellus Mortensen, 1948a: 129-130. [Philippine Islands.] Miocene E. cordis Desio, 1929:345-347, pi. 33: figs. 3a-b. [Oasis of Giarabub, Libya.] (Porto Bardia.) E. marianensis Nisiyama, 1968:291-293, pi. 27: figs. 7-8, 10-11. [Mariana Islands (Saipan), western Pacific Ocean.] (Nephrolepidina horizon.) Middle Miocene E. nipponicus Morishita, 1957:163-164, pi. 1: figs. 7-8. [Japan.] Lower Miocene E. hollisi Stockley, 1927:111-113, pi. 20: fig. 5. [Zan¬ zibar Protectorate, East Africa.] Oligocene E. mexicanus Jackson, 1937:234-235, pi. 14, pi. 15: fig. 1. [Mexico.] Upper Oligocene B. camagueyanus Sanchez Roig, 1949:206-207, pi. 25: fig. 1. [Cuba.] B. habanensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:204-205, pi. 23: fig. 4. [Cuba.] B. lajasensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:203-204, pi. 24: fig. 1. [Cuba.] B. minutus Sdnchez Roig, 1949:205. [Cuba.] B. palmeri Sanchez Roig, 1949:205-206, pi. 25: figs. 4-5. [Cuba.] B. sanchezi Lambert in Sanchez Roig, 1949:211, pi. 24: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] B. sanlanae Sanchez Roig, 1949:210-211, pi. 25: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 115 B. zanolettii Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 12-13, pi. 7: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Eocene E. alatus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:63-64, pi. 13: figs. 4-7. [Jamaica, West Indies.] E. attenuatus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:65, pi. 13: figs. 8-9. [Jamaica, West Indies.] B. cranium Leske var. somaliensis Checchia-Rispoli, 1943a: 100-103, pi. 2: figs. 1-2, pi. 3: fig. 5. [So¬ maliland, East Africa.] B. dainellii Checchia-Rispoli, 1943a: 105-107, pi. 1: figs. 3-6. [Somaliland, East Africa.] B. daradensis Lambert in Lambert and Jacquet, 1936:357, pi. 23: figs. 4-5. [Senegal, West Africa.] E. defectus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:65-66, pi. 14: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] B. fecundus Checchia-Rispoli, 1943a: 109-111, pi. 3: figs. 1-4. [Somaliland, East Africa.] E. hildae Hawkins in Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:66-67, 81, pi. 22: figs. 9-10. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Brissoides (Eupatagus) lamberti Collignon, 1930: 559-561, pi. 32: figs. 1, la-b. [Austria.] E. longipetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:67, pi. 14: figs. 4-6. [Jamaica, West Indies.] B. migiurtinus Checchia-Rispoli, 1943a: 108-109, pi. 2: figs. 3-8. [Somaliland, East Africa.] B. migliorinii Checchia-Rispoli, 1943a: 103-105, pi. 1: figs. 1-2. [Somaliland, East Africa.] B. skourensis Lambert, 1937:87-88, pi. 3: figs. 12- 14. [Morocco.] Upper Eocene E. calistoides Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 160-161, pi. 6: fig. 8. [Cuba.] B. cuvillieri Lambert, 1935e:42-43, pi. 1: figs. 7-8. [Egypt.] (Bartonian.) E. ingens Zachos, 1968:161-163, fig. 1. [Florida, U.S.A.] (Jackson Stage, Ocala Ls.) E. siboneyensis Weisbord, 1934:78-80, pi. 8: figs. 7-8. [Cuba.] B. stefaninii Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1949:207-208, pi. 23: fig. 1. [Cuba.] E. stevensi Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 134-135, fig. 12. [California, U.S.A.] (Approximately Domen- gine.) E. turibacoensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 157-158, pi. 8: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Middle Eocene E. brodermanni Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 159-160, pi. 9: figs. 1, 4. [Cuba.] E. caobaense Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 13-14, pi. 6: fig. 10. [Cuba.] E. casanovai Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 159, pi. 9: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] E. gadilhei Roman and Gorodiski, 1959:60-61, pi. 3: figs. 39-41. [Senegal.] (Upper Lutetian.) Lower Eocene E. haburiensis Khanna, 1967:214-220, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs. 1-8. [Rajastan, India.] (Ypresian.) Genus Euspatangus Cotteau In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U586) considers Euspatangus a subjective synonym of Eupatagus. Middle Eocene E. rogeri Pinar, 1951:47-49, fig. 8, pi. lb: figs. 4-5. [Turkey.] Genus Megapatagus Sanchez Roig In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U586) considers Megapatagus a subjective synonym of Eupatagus L. Agassiz. Upper Oligocene Megapatagus Sanchez Roig, 1953a:58-59. Type- species: M. franciscanus Sanchez Roig, 1953a:59- 60, pis. 6(pars), 11. [Cuba.] Oligocene M. depressus Sanchez Roig, 1953a:60, pi. 12. [Cuba.] Upper Eocene M. turibacoensis Sanchez Roig, 1953a:61, pi. 13. [Cuba.] 116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Zanolettiaster Sanchez Roig In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U586) considers Zanolettiaster a subjective synonym of Eupatagus L. Agassiz. Upper Oligocene Zanolettiaster Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 14. Type-species: Z. herrerae Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 15, pi. 8: figs. 1-2, pi. 9: fig. 4. [Cuba.] Subgenus Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus) Doderlein Oligocene E. (G.) brevipetalum Sanchez Roig, 1951:44—45, pi. 33: fig. 1, pi. 38: fig. 1. [Cuba.] E. (G.) rogasi Sanchez Roig, 1951:42, pi. 34: fig. 3. [Cuba.] E. (G.) venturillae Sanchez Roig, 1951:43, pi. 26: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] E. (G.) zanoletti Sanchez Roig, 1951:43-44, pi. 32: fig. 3. [Cuba.] Genus Fernandezaster Sanchez Roig Eocene Fernandezaster Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 17. Type-spe¬ cies: F. mortenseni Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 18, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Cuba, Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Oligocene, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U588) says it is Eocene.] Genus Gillechinus Fell Upper Eocene Gillechinus Fell, 1963a:213. Type-species: G. cud- morei Fell, 1963a:213-215, pis. 1 (pt.), 2. [Victoria, Australia.] Genus Gaultieria Agassiz Paleogene G. desioi Airaghi, 1934:78-79, pi. 5: figs. 9-10. [Libya, North Africa.] Genus Herreraster Sanchez Roig Oligocene Herreraster Sanchez Roig, 1951:52. Type-species: H. herrerae Sanchez Roig, 1951:53, pis. 30, 31. [Cuba.] Genus Idiobryssus Clark Recent Idiobryssus FI. L. Clark, 1939:173. Type-species: 1. coelus H. L. Clark, 1939:173-175, pi. 17: figs. 1- 2. [Galapagos Islands, Eastern Pacific Ocean.] Genus Lajanaster Sanchez Roig Miocene L. jacksoni Lambert and Roig var. minor Sanchez Roig, 1926: pis. 26, 27. [Cuba.] Oligocene L. guevarai Sanchez Roig, 1951:53-54, pi. 24: figs. 2- 4. [Cuba.] L. venturillae Sanchez Roig, 1951:54-55, pi. 25: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene L. hernandezi Sanchez Roig, 1949:195, pi. 23: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] L. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1953a:58, pi. 10(pars). [Cuba.] Genus Lissospatangus Mortensen Recent Lissospatangus Mortensen, 1950b: 162. Type-species: L. hirsutus Mortensen, 1950b: 162. [South of Aus¬ tralia.] Genus Macropneustes L. Agassiz Tertiary M. dyscritus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:151, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Jamaica, West Indies.] NUMBER 34 117 M. sinuosus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:152, pi. 4: fig. 3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] M. stenopetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:152- 153, pi. 4: figs. 4—5. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Lower Miocene M. dubius Israelsky, 1924:143, pi. 3: fig. 1. [Mexico. Although Israelsky considered the Tuxpam Beds, from where this species was collected, to be Oli- gocene, these beds are now considered (Masuda, 1971:215-216) to be Lower Miocene.] Oligocene M. brodermanni Sanchez Roig, 1953a:62-63, pi. 15 (part), pi. 16 (part). [Cuba.] M. trevisani Socin, 1942:51-52. [Somaliland.] Upper Oligocene M. gornezmazae Sanchez Roig, 1953a: 63, pi. 17. [Cuba.] Eocene M. altus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:68, pi. 14: figs. 7-9. [Jamaica, West Indies.] M. angustus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:68-69, pi. 14: figs. 10-11, pi. 15: fig. 1. [Jamaica, West Indies.] M. parvus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:69-70, pi. 18: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] M. rochi Lambert, 1933b:77—78, pi. 3: fig. 13. [North Africa.] Subgenus Macropneustes (Deakia) Pavay Upper Eocene D. armadilloensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 165-166, pi. 10: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Genus Mariania Airaghi Middle/Lower Miocene M. euglypha (Laube) var. brevistella Venzo, 1935: 233, pi. 17: figs. 29a-b. [Italy.] (Langhian.) Genus Mauritanaster Lambert Upper Oligocene M. depressus Sanchez Roig, 1949:228-229, pi. 33: fig. 1. [Cuba.] M. marroquinensis Sanchez Roig, 1953a:61-62, pi. 14. [Cuba.] Genus Meoma Gray Recent M. cadenati Madsen, 1957:474-479, figs. 1-3. [Sene¬ gal, West Africa.] M. frangibilis Chesher, 1970:750-753, figs. 7a-c, 8. [Panama, Bay of Panama (Pacific side).] Eocene M. antiqua Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:70, pi. 15: fig. 2. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Middle Eocene M. caobaensis Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 16-17, pi. 11: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] Subgenus Meoma (Plethotaenia) H. L. Clark Recent P. angularis Chesher, 1968a: 111-121, figs. 20(pt.), 22(pt.), 23(pt.), 24, pis. 24-26. [Bahama Island to Barbados, Caribbean Sea.] Subgenus Meoma (Schizobrissus) Pomel Pleistocene S. jacksoni Lambert and Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1949:230-231, pi. 37: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Miocene S.? siliceus Desio, 1929:337-340, pi. 32: fig. 4. [Oasis of Giarabiib, Libya.] (Scegga-Altipiano Marm.) 118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lower Miocene S. kewi Durham, 1961a:484-485, figs. IB, IE, 2C, pi. 67: figs. 2, 6, 9. [Costa Rica.] Eocene S. damiani Jeannet, 1934a:388-389; 1934b:334—335. [Switzerland.] Genus Metalia Gray Recent M. latissima H. L. Clark, 1925a: 215—216, pi. 11: fig. 7, pi. 12: figs. 1-2. [Tuticorin in south Ma¬ dras, India.] Tertiary M. dubia Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:153-154, pi. 5: figs. 4—6. [Jamaica, West Indies.] M. jamaicensis Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:154— 155, pi. 5: figs. 1-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Pliocene M. waylandi Stockley, 1927:116, pi. 21: figs. 4a-b. [Zanzibar Protectorate, East Africa.] Lower Miocene/Oligocene M. pelagica Nisiyama, 1968:299-300, pi. 27: figs. 1-5, pi. 29: fig. 4. [Saipan, Mariana Islands, western Pacific Ocean.] (Donny Fm. Aquitanian.) Oligocene M. cartagensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:232-233. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene M. palmeri Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 166-167, pi. 10: fig. 3. [Cuba.] Genus Prometalia Pomel In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U597) considers Prometalia a subjective synonym of Metalia. Middle Eocene P. besairiei Lambert, 1933a:39-40, fig. 6. [Madagas¬ car, off East Africa.] (Lutetian.) Genus Migliorinia Checchia-Rispoli Eocene Migliorinia Checchia-Rispoli, 1942:305-309. Type- species: M. migiurtina Checchia-Rispoli, 1942: 305-309, figs. 1-3, pi. 1: figs. 1-10. [Somaliland, East Africa.] Genus Pharaonaster Lambert Eocene P migliorinii Checchia-Rispoli, 1941:388-391, figs. 1-2. [North Africa.] Genus Thebaster Checchia-Rispoli In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et ah, 1966:U601) considers this genus a subgenus of Pharaonaster. Eocene Thebaster Checchia-Rispoli, 1941:393. Type-species: Macropneustes fischeri de Loriol. [Egypt.] Genus Plagiobrissus Pomel Recent P. pacipcus H. L. Clark, 1940b:351, pi. 2: figs. 3-4. [Panama, Pacific Ocean side.] Miocene P. abeli Reidl, 1941:24—29, figs. 1—2. [Austria.] P. costaricensis Durham, 196la:485-487, figs. 1G, 1J, 2F, pi. 68: figs. 6, 9, 12. [Costa Rica.] P. malavassii Durham, 1961a:487, figs. 1H, IK, 2D, pi. 67: figs. 1, 3, 10, pi. 68: fig. 1. [Costa Rica.] Middle Miocene P. lamberti Jeannet, 1928a:38-41, fig. 12, pi. 5: figs. 1-2, pi. 6: figs. 13-14; 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] (Serie de Capadare, couches d’Ojo de Agua.) NUMBER 34 119 Oligocene Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus) herrerae Sanchez Roig, 1951:46-47, pi. 25: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] E. (P.) santanae Sanchez Roig, 1951:47-48, pi. 37: fig. 2. [Cuba.] Eocene P. abruptus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:71, pi. 18: figs. 4-5. [Jamaica, West Indies.] P. elevatus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:71-72, pi. 19: figs. 2-4. [Jamaica, West Indies.] P. latus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:72-73, pi. 18: figs. 6-7, pi. 19: fig. 1. [Jamaica, West Indies.] P. perplexus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:74-75, pi. 20: fig. 6, pi. 21: figs. 1-2. [Jamaica, West Indies.] P. robustus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1927:75, pi. 20: fig. 7, pi. 21: figs. 3-4. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Upper Eocene Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus) curuus Cooke, 1942:56- 57, pi. 7: figs. 5-7. [U.S.A.] E. (P.) dixie Cooke, 1942:55-56, pi. 6: figs. 1-3. [U.S.A.] E. (P.) gardnerae Cooke, 1942:56, pi. 7: figs. 1-4. [U.S.A.] E. (P.) ocalanus Cooke, 1942:57, pi. 6: figs. 4-8. [U.S.A.] Subgenus Plagiobrissus (Rhabdobrissus) Cotteau Upper Eocene Brissoides (Rhabdobrissus) aloysii Pijpers, 1933:89- 91, figs. 154-155, pi. 1: fig. 18, pi. 2: figs. 7-9. [Netherland Antilles, Dutch West Indies.] Genus Mortensenaster Lambert Eocene M. barthouxi Lambert, 193Id:203, pi. 8: fig. 4. [Isthmus of Suez, Red Sea area.] Genus Plesiaster Pomel Upper Cretaceous Micraster (Plesiaster) americanus Stephenson, 1941: 69-70, pi. 7: figs. 1-4. [U.S.A.] (Navarro Group. Maestrichtian.) Genus Plesiopatagus Pomel Middle Eocene P. hourcqi Lambert, 1933a:38, pi. 4: fig. 22. [Mada¬ gascar, off East Africa.] (Lower Lutetian.) Genus Rhynobrissus A. Agassiz Recent R. macropetalus H. L. Clark, 1938:434-435, pi. 28: figs. 8-9. [Western Australia.] Upper Miocene R. rostratus Cooke, 1961:29, pi. 14: figs. 1-4. [Vene¬ zuela.] Genus Rojasia Sanchez Roig Eocene Rojasia Sanchez Roig, 1951:57. Type-species: R. rojasi Sanchez Roig, 1951:58, pi. 35, pi. 36: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Genus Spatagobrissus H. L. Clark Recent Spatagobrissus H. L. Clark, 1923:402-404. Type- species: S. mirabilis H. L. Clark, 1923:402, pi. 23: figs. 1-2. [South Africa.] Genus Spatangomorpha Bohm Middle Eocene EupatagiLS (Spatangomorpha) pinarensis Sanchez Roig, 1953c: 157, pi. 7: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.l 120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Genus Taimanawa Henderson and Fell Tertiary T. mortenseni Henderson and Fell, 1969:12-14, fig. 2b, pi. 5: fig. 1. [New Zealand.] Lower Miocene Taimanawa Henderson and Fell, 1969:3-6. Type- species: T. pulchella Henderson and Fell, 1969: 6-9, figs. 1, 2a, 2c, pi. 2: fig. 2, pis. 3-4. [New Zealand.] Family UNIFASCIIDAE Cooke Unifasciidae Cooke, 1959:79. Type-genus: Unifas- cia Cooke. [Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U582) in the Treatise considers this family a synonym of Brissidae Gray.] Genus Unifascia Cooke Middle Eocene Unifascia Cooke, 1959:79-80. Type-species: Macro- pneustes carolinensis Clark. [North Carolina, U.S.A.] (Castle Hayne Ls.) Family SPATANGIDAE Gray Genus Spatangns Leske Recent S. beryl Fell, 1963b:5-6, pi. 1: fig. 1, pi. 4: figs. 8-9, pi. 5: figs. 10-11, 13. [New Zealand.] 5. diomedeae Fell, 1963b:5-7. [Philippine Islands.] S. multispinus Mortensen, 1925:413-415, figs. 68-69. [Pacific Ocean.] S. thor Fell, 1963b:3—5, fig. 1, pi. 1: fig. 2, pi. 3: figs. 6-7, pi. 5: fig. 12. [New Zealand.] Upper Miocene S. glenni Cooke, 1959:80, pi. 35: figs. 1-5. [South Carolina, U.S.A.] Upper Eocene S. tapinus Schenck, 1928:198-199, pi. 24: figs. 1-4. [California, U.S.A.] (Tejon Fm.) Upper Cretaceous S. baixadoleitensis Maury, 1934a: 156-157, pi. 16: fig. 1. [Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.] (Probably Turonian.) Genus Prospatangus Lambert In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U605) considers Prospatangus a synonym of Spatangus Gray. Miocene P. acuminatus Szorenyi, 1953:39, 91, pi. 7: figs. 5-5a. [Ukraine.] P. fothiensis Strauz, 1925:368-369, fig. 24. [Hun¬ gary. Another pagination given could be 214—215, fig. 24.] P. hungaricus Vadasz var. bukkensis Kutassy, 1928: 257-258. [Hungary.] Middle Miocene P. cotteaui Lambert, 1928b: 121-124. [France.] (Hel¬ vetian.) P. venzoi Laureri, 1962:100-101, pi. 2: figs. 2-2a, pi. 4: fig. 2. [Italy.] (Helvetian.) Genus Atelospatangus Koch Middle Eocene A. magnus Szorenyi, 1963:192-193, pi. 15: figs. 5-7. [Hungary.] Genus Hemimaretia Mortensen Recent Hemimaretia Mortensen, 1950b: 160. Type-species: Marielia elevata Doderlein. [East Africa.l NUMBER 34 121 Genus Maretia Gray Recent M. parvituberculata H. L. Clark, 1925c: 13-15, pi. 4. [Off Natal Coast, South Africa.] M. cordata Mortensen, 1948a: 132-133. [Philippine Islands.] Miocene M. estenozi Sanchez Roig, 1926:111-112, pi. 37: figs. 1-2. [Havana, Cuba.] Genus Hemipatagus Desor In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:11609) considers Hemipatagus a subjective synonym of Maretia Gray. Pliocene H. bandaensis Martin in Martin and Jeannet, 1937:276, figs. 53a-c. [Dutch East Indies, western Pacific Ocean.] Upper Oligocene H. cartagensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:216-217. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949:323) says it is Upper Oligo¬ cene.] Genus Nacospatangus A. Agassiz Subgenus Pseudomaretia Koehler Recent P. oblonga Mortensen, 1950b: 163. [Galapagos Islands, southeast Pacific Ocean.] Genus Paramaretia Mortensen Recent Paramaretia Mortensen, 1950b: 160. Type-species: P. multituberculata Mortensen, 1950b: 160. [New South Wales, Australia.] Subgenus Atelospatangus (Semipecalion) Szorenyi Upper Eocene Atelospatangus (Semipetalion ) Szorenyi, 1963: 193-194. Type-species: A. ( S .) anomon Szorenyi, 1963:195-196, pi. 15: figs. 1-4. [Hungary.] Family LOVENIIDAE Lambert Genus Lovenia Desor Recent L. doederleini Mortensen, 1950b: 158. [Kei Islands, Malay Archipelago.] L. doederleini Mortensen var. acuminata Morten¬ sen, 1948a: 138. [Philippine Islands.] L. hawaiiensis Mortensen, 1950b: 158. [Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Ocean.] Miocene L. gigantae H. L. Clark, 1945:325-326, pi. 43: fig. F. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] L. minihagali Deraniyagala, 1961:154, pi. 5: fig. 9. (Ceylon, Indian Ocean.] L. similis H. L. Clark, 1945:327-328, pi. 43: fig. G. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] Middle Miocene L. mortenseni Ctyroky, 1965:108-118, figs. 1-6, pis. 1-6. [Czechoslovakia.] (Carpathian Fm.) Oligocene L. mexicana Jackson, 1937:236-237, pi. 15: figs. 2-3. [Mexico.] Upper Oligocene L. alabamensis Cooke, 1959:77, pi. 32: figs. 14-17. [Alabama, U.S.A.] (Chickasawhay Ls.) Upper Eocene L. macrotuberculata Schaffer, 1960:431-434, figs, e-g. [Austria.] 122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Cretaceous L. baixodoleitensis Maury, 1934a: 156, pi. 15: fig. 1. [Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte. Maury (1934b:3) made this species the type-species of a new genus Lovenilampas, which Kier (Durham et al., 1968: U523) put in incertae sedis.] (Probably Turo- nian.) Genus Breynia Desor Pliocene B. australasiae Leach var. aroensis Currie, 1924: 64-66, pi. 4: fig. 6. [Aru Islands, off southwest coast of New Guinea.] B. cordata Hayasaka and A. Morishita, 1947: 122-124, pi. 10: fig. 1, pi. 11: fig. 1. [China.] B. testudinaria Hayasaka and A. Morishita, 1947: 125-126, pi. 11: fig. 2. [China.] B. birmanica Vredenburg, 1922:413, pi. 30: fig. 1. [Burma.] Upper Eocene B. sirtica Airaghi, 1939:281-282, pi. 12: figs. 17-18. [North Africa.] Genus Echinocardium Gray Recent E. connectens Mortensen, 1933:469-470, fig. 28. [St. Helena (Island), South Atlantic Ocean.] E. fenauxi Pequignat, 1963:3-8, figs. 1-3; 1964: 5-14, figs. 1-4, 5a, pis. 1-2. [South of France to Ligurian Sea.] E. keiense Mortensen, 1950b: 163. [Kei Islands, Malay Archipelago.] Genus Homolampas A. Agassiz Recent H. lovenioides Mortensen, 1948a: 117-118. [Philip¬ pine Islands.] Suborder ASTEROSTOMATINA A. G. Fischer Family ASTEROSTOMATIDAE Pictet Genus Asterostoma Agassiz Middle Eocene A. dickersoni Sanchez Roig, 1949:180-181, pi. 31: fig. 1, pi. 32: fig. 1. [Cuba. Although Sanchez Roig says it is Upper Eocene, Brodermann (1949: 317) says it is Middle Eocene.] A. irregularis Sanchez Roig, 1952b:7-8, pis. 2-3. [Cuba.] A. subcircularis Sanchez Roig, 1952c: 19-20, pi. 2: figs. 1-2, pi. 11: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Genus Antillaster Lambert Miocene A. lamberti Jeannet, 1928b:220. [Venezuela.] Middle Miocene A. lamberti Jeannet, 1928a:36-37, pi. 4: figs. 14-15. [Venezuela.] (Serie Capadare, couches d’Ojo de Agua.) Lower Miocene A. jaumei Sanchez Roig, 1953a:64-65, pi. 15(pars). [Cuba.] Oligocene A. depressus Sanchez Roig, 1951:51, pi. 29: fig. 1. [Cuba.] A. giganteus Sanchez Roig, 1951:48-49. [Cuba.] A. herrerae Sanchez Roig, 1951:49-50, pi. 27: fig. 1, pi. 28: fig. 1. [Cuba.] A. mortenseni Sanchez Roig, 1952c:20—21, pi. 14: figs. 2-3. [Cuba.] A. rnjasi Sanchez Roig, 1951:50-51, pi. 37: fig. L pi. 38: fig. 2. [Cuba.] LIpper Oligocene A. brachypetalus Sanchez Roig, 1952b:8-9, pi. 7: fig. 1. [Cuba.] NUMBER 34 123 A. cartagensis Sanchez Roig, 1949:188-189, pi. 22: fig. 2. [Cuba.] A. estenozi Sdnchez Roig, 1949:189-190, pi. 22: fig. 1. [Cuba.] A. expansus Sanchez Roig, 1953a:63-64, pi. 18. [Cuba.] A. guevarai Sanchez Roig, 1952b:9-10, pi. 4: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Eocene A. arnoldi H. L. Clark in Arnold and Clark, 1927: 62-63, pi. 15: fig. 3, pi. 16: figs. 16-17. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Upper Eocene A. bonairensis Pijpers, 1933:88, pi. 2: figs. 1-3. [Dutch West Indies, Netherland Antilles.] Genus Brissolampas Pomel Upper Oligocene B. santanae Sanchez Roig, 1949:190-191, pi. 22: figs. 3-4. [Cuba.] Genus Heterobrissus Manzoni and Mazzetti Miocene H. Cypriotes Currie, 1935b:32-33, pi. 3: figs. 1-lb. [Cyprus, eastern Mediterranean Sea.] (Facies I of Idalian Series.) Genus Archaeopneustes Gregory In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U622) considers Archaeopneustes a subjective synonym of Heterobrissus Manzoni and Mazzetti. Lower Pliocene A. moorefieldi Hall, 1966:1124-1125, pi. 145: figs. 1-3. [California. U.S.A.] Genus Linopneustes A. Agassiz Recent L. brachypetalus Mortensen, 1950b: 157. [New South Wales, Australia.] Genus Megapetalus H. L. Clark Upper Miocene Megapetalus H. L. Clark, 1929:259-260. Type- species: M. lovenioides H. L. Clark, 1929: 260-261, pi. 31: figs. 1-6. [California, U.S.A.] Genus Moronaster Sanchez Roig Eocene Moronaster Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 13-14. Type- species: M. moronensis Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 14-15, pi. 9: figs. 1-2. [Cuba.] Genus Paleopneustes A. Agassiz Recent P. tholoformis Chesher, 1968a: 125-134, fig. 25, pi. 27, pi. 28: figs, e, f, pi. 29: figs, a, f. [Florida Strait to Barbados, Caribbean Sea.] Pliocene P. periturus Nisiyama, 1968:165-167, figs. 61a-c. [Japan.] (Kiwada Fm.) P. psoidoperiodus Nisiyama, 1968:162-164, figs. 60a-c. [Japan.] (Nakamura Fm.) Lower Pliocene P. holmani Grant and Hertlein, 1938b: 112-113, pi. 25: figs. 1-2. [California, U.S.A.] (Repetto Fm.) Miocene P. lepidus Nisiyama, 1968:167-168, pi. 20: figs. 1, 4, pi. 21: fig. 1. [Japan.] (Nanao Fm.) 124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Upper Oligocene P. elevatus Israelsky, 1924:144, pi. 4: figs. la-b. [Mexico.] Subgenus Paleopneustes (Oopneustes) Nisiyama Middle Miocene Paleopneustes (Oopneustes) Nisiyama, 1968:159. Type-species: P. (O.) priscus Nisiyama, 1968: 159-162, figs. 57-59, pi. 19: figs. 1-2, pi. 21: fig. 4. [Japan.] (Tsunaki Fm.) Genus Platybrissus Grube Pleistocene P. parvus H. L. Clark, 1945:322-323, pi. 42: figs. J-K. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] Subgenus Platybrissus (Eurypatagus) Mortensen Recent Eurypatagus Mortensen, 1948a: 133-134. Type- species: E. ovalis Mortensen, 1948a: 134. [Philip¬ pine Islands.] E. grandiporus Mortensen, 1948b: 12, pi. 1: figs. 4-5. [Indian Ocean.] Genus Plesiozonus de Meijere Recent P. diomedeae Mortensen, 1948a: 118-119. [Philip¬ pine Islands.] Genus Pseudoasterostoma Sanchez Roig not Pseudoaster ostoma Duncan, 1889 Presumably Sanchez Roig did not know that Pseu- doasterostoma was preoccupied when he described his new genus. If his type-species is generically dis¬ tinct, then a new generic name should be erected for it. In the Treatise, Fischer (Durham et al., 1966:U624) considers Pseudoasterostoma Duncan an objective synonym of Prosostoma Pomel. Oligocene Pseudoasterostoma Sanchez Roig, 1952b:5-6, pi. 1: fig. I. Type-species: Asterostoma cubensis Cot- teau. [Cuba.] Upper Oligocene P. fernandezi Sanchez Roig, 1952b:6, pi. 6: fig. 1. [Cuba.] P. habanensis Sanchez Roig, 1952b:6-7, pi. 5: fig. 1. [Cuba.] Genus Scrippsechinus Allison, Durham and Mintz Recent Scrippsechinus Allison, Durham and Mintz, 1967:16. Type-species: S. fisheri Allison, Durham and Mintz, 1967:16-22, figs. 13-14, 21-32. [West from Chile.] Suborder Uncertain Family Uncertain Genus Barnumia Cooke Upper Cretaceous Barnumia Cooke, 1953:29-30. Type-species: B. browni Cooke, 1953:30, pi. 16: figs. 2-5. [Guate¬ mala.] (Campanian?) Subgenus Cottreaucorys (Cordastrum) Nisiyama Upper Cretaceous Cottreaucorys (Cordastrum ) Nisiyama, 1968:175. Type-species: C. (C.) sulcatus Nisiyama, 1968: 175-177, figs. 65a-c, pi. 18: figs. 10-11, pi. 20: fig. 2. [Japan.] (Miyakura Fm. Maestrichtian- Senonian.) Genus Gonzalezaster Sdnchez Roig Eocene Gonzalezaster Sanchez Roig, 1952b: 15-16. Type- species: Nudobrissus lamberti Sanchez Roig. NUMBER 34 125 (Roig, Torreia, Cuba No. 17:16, pi. 8: figs. 1, 4). [Cuba.] Genus Homoeopetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark Tertiary Homoeopetalus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:146. Type-species: H. axiologus Arnold and H. L. Clark, 1934:147-148, pi. 2: figs. 2-3. [Jamaica, West Indies.] Genus Nudobrissus Lambert Upper/Middle Eocene N. lamberti Sanchez Roig, 1949:222-223, pi. 36: figs. 1-3. [Cuba. Brodermann (1949:324) says it is Middle to Upper Eocene.] Order NEOLAMPADOIDA Philip Suborder NEOLAMPADINA Philip Neolampadina Philip, 1963a:725. Type-genus: Neolampas A. Agassiz. Family NEOLAMPADIDAE Lambert Genus Nannolampas Mortensen Recent Nannolampas Mortensen, 1948c: 339. Type-species: Neolampas tenera de Meijere. [Timor Sea, part of Indian Ocean.] Genus Notolampas Philip Lower Miocene Notolampas Philip, 1963a:719-720. Type-species: N. flosculus Philip, 1963a: 720-722, fig. 2, pi. 107: figs. 1-10. [South Australia.] Genus Pisolampas Philip Upper Eocene Pisolampas Philip, 1963a:718. Type-species: P. con- cinna Philip, 1963a:719, fig. 1, pi. 106, pi. 107: fig. 11. [South Australia.] Superclass GNATHOSTOMATA or ATELOSTOMATA Order Uncertain Genus Menopygus Pomel Lower Jurassic M. hebbriensis Lambert, 1933b:57-58, pi. I: figs. 8-9. [North Africa.] (Lower Domerian.) Doubtful Nominal Genera of Echinoids Genus Neopatagus Sanchez Roig Oliogocene Neopatagus Sanchez Roig, 1953b:258-259. Type- species: Breynia cubensis Cotteau. [Cuba.] Genus Oligopodia Duncan Pliocene O. Okinawa Cooke, 1954:49, pi. 12: figs. 7-10. [Okinawa, Japan.] (Naha Ls. is lower part of Ryukyu Ls.) Miocene O. tapeina H. L. Clark, 1945:321-322, pi. 42: figs. G—I. [Fiji, South Pacific Ocean.] Upper Eocene O. mortenseni Castex, 1947:32, pi. 2: figs. 1-4. [France.] (Base du Calcaire de St.-Estephe.) Literature Cited Adkins, W. S. 1928. Handbook of Texas Cretaceous Fossils. The Univer¬ sity of Texas Bulletin (Austin), 2838:1-385, figure 1, plates 1-37. 1930. Texas Comanchean Echinoids of the Genus Macras- ter. The University of Texas Bulletin, 3001:101-120, plates 10-11. Airaghi, C. 1934. Echinidi paleogenici della Sirtica e del Fezzan ori- entale. Missione Scientifica della Reale Accademia d’ltalia u Cufra (1931-IX), Viaggi di Studio ed Es- plorazioni, 3:63-81, plate 5. 1939. Echinidi Cretacici e Tertziari della regione di Or- fella e della Sirtica. 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Mem¬ oirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Har¬ vard), 54(2): 139-156, plates 1-5. Assmann, P. 1925. Die Fauna der Wirbellosen und die Diploporen der oberschlesischen Trias mit Ausnahme der Brachio- poden, Lamellibranchiaten, Gastropoden und Koral- len. Jahrbuch cler PreuBischen Geologischen Lan- desanstalt zu Berlin, 46:504-527, plates 8-9. 1937. Revision der Fauna der Wirbellosen der oberschle¬ sischen Trias. Abhandlungen der PreuBischen Geo¬ logischen Landesanstalt, 170:1-134, plates 1-21. Baker, A. N. 1967. Two New Echinoids from Northern New Zealand, Including a New Species of Diadema. Transactions of the Royal Society of New- Zealand, Zoology, 8(23):239-245, 1 figure, plates 1-3. 1968. A New Cidarid Echinoid from Northern New Zea¬ land. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 10(21): 199-203, figure 1, plate 1. 1969. Two New Heart-Urchins, Including a New Species of Cyclaster, from New Zealand Waters (Echinoidea) Spatangoida). 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Notes sur quelques echinides fossiles du sud-ouest de la France. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bor¬ deaux, 93:25^2, plates 1-2. Chao, K. 1942. On the Occurrence of Melonechinus in Kuangsi, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 22(3-4):201-204, figure 1. Chapman, F., and F. A. Cudmore 1934. The Cainozoic Cidaridae of Australia. Memoirs of the National Museum Melbourne, 8:126-149, plates 12-15. Checchia-Rispoli, G. 1921. Fauna del Neocretacico della Tripolitania: Echinidi. Memorie per service alia Descrizione della Carta Geologica d’ltalia, 8(2): 1-31, figures 1-2, plates 7-9. 1923. Sopra due Clipeastri del Miocene Medio della Sar- 128 degna. Bollettino del Royal Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 49(4): 1-8, 5 figures, 1 plate. 1925. Illustrazione dei clipeastri miocenici della Calabria seguita da una studio sulla morfologia interna e sulla classificazione dei clipeastri. 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Bollettino del Royal Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 55(10): 1-24, 14 figures, plates 1—4. 1931. Sopra alcuni spatagoidi del Maestrichtiano della Tripolitania. Bollettino del Royal Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 56(5): 1—14, figures 1-3, plate I. 1932a. Echinidi regolari del Maestrichtiano della Tripoli¬ tania. Bollettino del Royal Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 57(3): 1-16, 6 figures, plates 1-2. 1932b. "Sanfilippaster,” nuovo genere di Echinide del Cre¬ taceo superiore. Atti della Reale Accademia Nazio- nale dei Lincei, (6) 15(4):313—316. 1932c. Su alcuni Echinidi Cretacei della Tripolitania. Memorie della Reale Accademia d’ltalia, 3(4):373— 391, plates 1-3. 1933a. Echinidi cretacei della Tripolitania. Bollettino del Royal Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 58(9): 1-14, plates 1-2- 1933b. Illustrazione di alcuni Echinidi del Maestrichtiano della Tripolitania raccolti de Ignazia Sanfilippo. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 1:1-24, figures 1-8, plates 1-2. 1936. Su alcuni Echinidi della Sicilia. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 55:295-310, plates 16-17. 1938. Di alcuni Clipeastri del Miocene del Monte Gargano. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 57(1):45— 48, plate 2. 1940a. Su alcuni Clipeastri Miocenici della Calabria. Atti Accademia della Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche Napoli, (3)1(7): 1-15, figures 1-7, plates 1-3. 1940b. Su alcuni Echinidi del Malm della Sicilia. Bollettino della Societa di Scicnze Naturali ed Economiche di Palermo, (new series)22:23-25, figure I. 1941. Osservazioni su alcuni generi di Antillasterinae. Rendiconti del'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, (7)2: 388-393, figures 1-2, plate 1. 1942. “Migliorinia,” nuovo genere di Echinide dell’Eocene SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY della Migiurtina. Rendiconti della Reale Accademia d’ltalia, (7)3:305-309, figures 1-3, 1 plate. 1943a. Brissoidi eocenici della Migiurtina. Memorie della Reale Accademia d’ltalia, 14(8):99—111, plates 1-3. 1943b. Osservazioni su alcuni Pseudodiademinae. Reale Accademia d’ltalia, (7)4:317-321, 1 figure. 1945 [1943]. Di due nuovi generi di Echinidi del Cretaceo della Somalia. Bollettino del’Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 68(8):81-90, figures 1-2, plates 1-2. 1947a. Monografia degli “Epiaster” della Somalia Italiana. Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Memorie), (8)1/2:1-23, plates 1-2. 1947b. Sul genere “Brissopatagus” Cotteau. Rendiconti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, (8)2(5):516- 520, plate 1. 1948. “Salenia Hawkinsi,” nuovo echinide del Cenomani- ano della Somalia. Rendiconti dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, (8)4:169-172, 2 figures, 1 plate. 1950a [1945-1946], Su alcuni echinidi eocenici della Migiurtinia. Bollettino dell’Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 70:21-39, plates 1-2. 1950b. Su alcuni echinidi eocenici della Migiurtinia. Bollet¬ tino dell’Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 70(2) :21—43, plates 1 - 2 . Cherbonnier, G. 1959a. 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Biological Re¬ views of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 41(3):368-391, figures 1-6. Durham, J. W., and R. V. Melville 1957. A Classification of Echinoids. Journal of Paleontol¬ ogy, 31(1):242—272, figures 1-9. Durham, J. W., H. B. Fell, A. G. Fischer, P. M. Kier, and C. D. Wagner and J. W. Durham, et al. 1966. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U: Echinodermata 3. Volumes 1 and 2, 695 pages, 534 figures. Geological Society of America, Inc. and the University of Kansas Press. Dzhalilov, M. P., and E. V. Egorov 1969. Late-Senonian Sea Urchins and Some New Data on Stratigraphy of the Upper Senonian in the South- Western Spurs of the Gissar Ridge. Izvestiia Aka- demiia Nauk Tadzhikskoi SSR Dushanbe, 4(34)405- 114, figures la-e, 2a-c, 3a-e. Eaton, J. E., U. S. Grant, and H. B. Allen 1941. Miocene of Caliente Range and Environs, California. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 25(2)493-262, figures 1-14, plates 1-9. El-Din Mahmoud, I. G. 1955. 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(Echinoidea, Regularia, Stirodonta, Phymosomina PPhymosomatidae) from the Upper-Cretaceous (Md) of Maastricht (Limburg, Netherlands). Beaufortia, 10(126):207—211, figures 1-4, plate 1. Ernst, G. 1970. Faziesbundenheit und Okomorphologie bei irregu- laren Echiniden der nordwestdeutschen Oberkreide. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 44(14)41-62, figures 1-8, plate 5. Faas, A. V. 1941. Atlas of the Leading Forms of the Fossil Fauna of the U.S.S.R., Lower Carboniferous (Echinoidea). Pages 72-75 in volume 4 in L. Librovitch, The Atlas of the Guide Forms of the Fossil Faunas of the U.S.S.R. Figures 6-9, plate 10. Leningrad. Fabre, A. 1933. Note sur les Amphiopes de l’Helvetien du Gers. Extraits des Proces-Verbaux des Seances de la So¬ ciete Linneenne de Bordeaux, 85:33-36. Fell, H. B. 1947. A Giant Heart-Urchin, Brissus gigas, n. sp., from New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3(3)445-150, figures 1-2, plates 13-14. 1949. An Echinoid from the Tertiary (Janjukian) of South Australia, Brochopleurus australiae sp. nov. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 16:17-19, plate 1 . 1950. A Triassic Echinoid from New Zealand. Transac¬ tions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 78(1): 83-85, figure 3, plate 12. 1954. Tertiary and Recent Echinoidea of New Zealand: Cidaridae. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleon¬ tological Bulletin, 23:1-62, figures 1-15, plates 1-15. 1958. Deep-Sea Echinoderms of New Zealand. Zoology Publications from Victoria University of Wellington, 24:1-40, plates 1-5. 1962. A New Cretaceous Echinoid from the Franciscan Formation of California. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Zoology), 2(2):27-30, plate 1. 1963a. New Genera of Tertiary Echinoids from Victoria, Australia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Vic¬ toria, 26:211-217, plates 1-2. 1963b. The Spatangicl Echinoids of New Zealand. Zoology Publications from Victoria University of Wellington, 324-8, figure 1, plates 1-6. Fischer, A. G. 1951. The Echinoid Fauna of the Inglis Member, Moodys Branch Formation. Florida Geological Suwey, Geo¬ logical Bulletin, 34(2)49-101, figures 1-18, plates 1-7. NUMBER 34 133 Flandrin, J. 1929. Contribution k l’^tude des terrains cr6tac£s de l’Anatolie du Nord (Asie Mineure), III: Paleonto- logie. Annales de VUniversite de Grenoble, Section Science-Medicine (new series), 6(3):342-375. Frenguelli, J. 1944. Stomechinus pulchellus n. sp. nuevo equinodermo del Titoniense del Neuqu^n. Notas del Museo de la Plata, Paleontologia, 9(61): 1—11, plate 1. Gardner, J. 1933. The Midway Group of Texas. The University of Texas Bulletin, 3301:1-403, figures 1-4, plates 1-28. Gill, W. D. 1953. Facies and Fauna in the Bhadrar Beds of the Punjab Salt Range, Pakistan. Journal of Paleon¬ tology, 27(6):824-844, figures 1-3, plates 88-91. Godev, P. 1928. Revision und Erganzung der alttertiaren Fauna von Haskovo, I: Echinoidea. Zeitschrift der Bulgarischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, l(2):37-50, figures 1^4, plate 1. 1933. Paleontologische und stratigraphische Untersuch- ungen liber das Eocan von Varna. Zeitschrift der Bulgarischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 5:1-82, figures 1-14, plates 1-7. Gonsalves, F., and J. Roman 1963. Une sous-espdce nouvelle de Rotula orbiculus Linnd dans les formations Plio-Quaternaires de l’Angola. Boletim do Museu e Laboratorio Mineralogico e Geologico da Faculdade de Ciencias (University of Lisbon) 9(2):99-106, plates 1-5. Gordon, W. A. 1963. Middle Tertiary Echinoids of Puerto Rico. Journal of Paleontology, 37(3):628-642, figures 1-4, plates 79- 81. Gorodiski, A. 1951. Au sujet de quelques Cassiduloida (oursins irregu- liers) de 1’Eocdne Moyen du Sdndgal. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, (2)23(3):322- 330, figures 1-2, plate 1. Grant, U. S., and L. G. Hertlein 1938a. Brissopsis blanpiedi, a New Species of Echinoid from the Medial Tertiary of Mississippi. The American Midland Naturalist, 19(2):482-486, figures 1-10. 1938b. The West American Cenozoic Echinoidea. Publica¬ tions of the University of California at Los Angeles in Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 2:1-225, figures 1-17, plates 1-30. 1956. Schizaster morlini, a New Species of Echinoid from the Pliocene of Imperial County, California. Bulle¬ tin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 55(2): 107-109, plate 29. Gregorio, A. de — See De Gregorio, A. Gupta, H. C. das — See Das Gupta, H. C. Hall, Jr., C. A. 1966. Archaeopneustes moorefieldi, a New Pliocene Spa- tangoid Echinoid from the San Luis Obispo Area, California. Journal of Paleontology, 40(5): 1123-1126, plate 145. Hassan, M. Y. 1969. Contributions to the Echinoid Fauna of the Maestrichtian-Paleocene Strata of South Western Egypt. Proceedings of the Egyptian Academy of Sci¬ ence, 22:15-19, 1 plate, 3 tables. Haughton, S. H. 1924. Notes sur quelques fossiles crdtacds de l’Angola (Cephalopodes et Echinides). Comunicagoes dos Servigos Geoldgicos de Portugal, 15:79—106, plates 1-4. 1925. Notes on Some Cretaceous Fossils from Angola (Cephalopoda and Echinoidea). Annales of the South African Museum, 22:263-288, plates 12-15. Hawkins, H. L. 1924. Notes on a New Collection of Fossil Echinoidea from Jamaica. Geological Magazine, 61 (721): 312—324, plate 18. 1926. On a New Species of Phyllobrissus from a Deep Boring at Virginia Water, Surrey. Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology for the Year 1925, Appendix 7:189-191, figure 23. 1935a. V, Cretaceous Echinoidea. Pages 47-56 in the Meso¬ zoic Palaeontology of British Somaliland, part 2 of Geology and Paleontology of British Somaliland. Figures 1-14, plates 6-7. 1935b. Two Genera of Carboniferous Echinoidea ( Lepido- cidaris and Hyattechinus) New to Britain. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 91:239- 250, 3 figures, plates 14-15. 1946. Cravenechinus, a New Type of Echinoid from the Carboniferous Limestone. Geological Magazine, 83(4): 192-197, 1 figure, plate 13. Hayasaka, I. 1948. Notes on Some Fossil Echinoids of Taiwan, IV. Acta Geologica Taiwanica, 2(2):85-124, plates 1-5. Hayasaka, I., and A. Morishita 1947. Notes on Some Fossil Echinoids of Taiwan, II and III. Acta Geologica Taiwanica, 1 (2):93—113, plates 8-9; 111-128, plates 10-16. Hayasaka, I., and P. Morishita 1947. Fossil Species of Clypeaster from Taiwan (with Ap¬ pendix: A Fossil Clypeaster from Tokuno-shima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan). Acta Geologica Tai¬ wanica, 1 (1):39—52, plates 1-5. Hayasaka, I., and M. Shibata 1952. A New Tertiary Species of Echinarachnius from Hokkaido. Journal Faculty of the Science, Hokkaido University, (4)8(2):82-85, figure 1. Henderson, R. A., and H. B. Fell 1969. Taimanawa, a New Genus of Brissid Echinoids from the Tertiary and Recent Indo-West-Pacific with a Review of the Related Genera Brissopatagus and Gillechinus. Breviora, 320:1-29, figures 1-3, plates 1-5. Hertlein, L. G., and U. S. Grant 1960. The Geology and Paleontology of the Marine Plio¬ cene of San Diego, California. Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 2(2a):71—133, plates 19-26. 134 Holland, Jr., F. D., and R. M. Feldmann 1967. A New Species of Cassiduloid Echinoid from the Fox Hills Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of North Dakota. Journal of Paleontology, 41(l):252-255, fig¬ ure 1. Ikeda, H. 1935a. A New Clypeaster from Japan. Annotationes Zoolog- icae Japonenses, 15(1): 103-104, plate 7. 1935b. Preliminary Report on a New Cidarid Sea-Urchin from the Western Pacific. Proceedings of the Im¬ perial Academy, 11 (9):386—388, figure 1. 1936a. Note on a New Echinarachnius from Japan. Botany and Zoology Theoretical and Applied, 4(7): 1231- 1233, figures 1-2. 1936b. Preliminary Note on a New Family of the Cida- roidea. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 15(4): 486^89, plates 33-34. 1939a. A New Genus and New Species of the Cidaridae from the Bonin Islands (Cidaroida). Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan, 10(2): 160-164, plates 7-10. 1939b. A New Species of Diadema from Japan. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan, 10(2): 165-167, plate II. 1940. Coptopleura sema, a New Genus and New Species of the Temnopleurid from the Ogasawara Islands (Echinoidea). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 19(2):92-96, plate 6. 1941. Preliminary Report on Chorocidaris micca gen. et sp. nov., from the Ryukyu Islands (Echinoidea, Cidaridae). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 20(2):85-87, plate 6. Ikins, W. C. 1940. Some Echinoids from the Cretaceous of Texas. Bul¬ letins of American Paleontology, 25(90):53-79, plates 4-6. Imbesi Smedile, M. 1958. Clipeastri Aquitaniani, Elveziani e Tortoniani della Calabria. Palaeontographia Italica, 53:1-47, figures 1-2, plates 1-22. Innocenti, G. 1924. Due nuovi echinidi dell’Eocene Istriano. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia, 30:41-44, plate 2. Israelsky, M. C. 1924. Notes on Some Echinoids from the San Rafael and Tuxpam Beds of the Tampico Region, Mexico. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4) 13(8): 137—145, plates 2-4. 1933a. A New Species of Echinoid from Tamaulipas, Mex¬ ico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 7(22):275—276, plate 18. 1933b. Echinoids from the Malumbang Formation, Philip¬ pine Islands. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50(3):301-307, plates 1-5. Jackson, R. T. 1926. Lcpidesthes howsei sp. nov. a Carboniferous Echi¬ noid from Northumberland. Geological Magazine, 63(750):529-533, plate 30. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY 1929. Palaeozoic Echini of Belgium. Memoires du Musee Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 38:1-96, fig¬ ures 1-10, plates 1-10. 1937. Mexican Fossil Echini. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 84(3015):227-237, plates 12-15. Jeannet, A. 1927. Un Paracidaris nouveau du Jura argovien. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 20(3):393-396, plate 12- 1928a. Contribution a l’Etude des Echinides tertiaires de la Trinity et du Venezuela. Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Palaeontologischen Gesellschaft, 48(1): 1-49, figures 1-12, plates 1-6. 1928b. Sur les echinides tertiaires du Venezuela et de la Trinite conserves au Musee d’Histoire Naturelle de Bale. Verhandlungen Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 109:220-221. 1928c. Sur quelques echinides jurassiques de la collection Renz. Verhandlungen Schweizerische Naturfor¬ schende Gesellschaft, 109:221. 1928d. Sur quelques echinides jurassiques de la Collection Renz. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 21(2):460-465, plate 36. 1929. Revision des Rhabdocidaris du Jurassique sup^rieur Suisse. Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Palaeon¬ tologischen Gesellschaft, 48(3): 1-45, figures 1-17, plates 1-5. 1931. (Neuchatel): Sur quelques Leiocidaris jurassiques. (Note pnHiminaire). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 24(2): 1 page. 1933a. Note sur un Miocidaris nouveau, Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Palaeontologischen Gesellschaft, 53: 1-7, figures 1-2, plate 30. 1933b. Sur quelques Echinides neocomiens du Vorarlberg. Verhandlungen der Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 114:370-371. 1933c. Sur quelques Echinides neocomiens du Vorarlberg. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 26(2):233-234. 1933d. Sur quelques Leiocidaris jurassiques suisses. Memoires de la Societe Paleontologique Suisse, 53: 1-7, 3 figures, plate 1. 1934a. Presence du genre Schizobrissus dans le Nummuli- tique d’lberg (S. damiani n. sp.). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 27(2): 388-389. 1934b. Presence du genre Schizobrissus dans le Nummuli- tique d'lberg (S. damiani sp. n.). Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 115: 334-335. 1934c. Sur quelques Echinides cretacds d’lbiza (Bal^ares). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 27(2):387-388. 1934d. Sur quelques Echinides neocomiens du Vorarlberg. Abhandlungen der Schweizerischen Palaeontologi¬ schen Gesellschaft, 64(4): 1-7, plate 1. [This is Zoological Record pagination but reference on re¬ print is Memoires de la Societe Paleontologique Suisse, 54:1-7, 2 figures, 1 plate. Weisbord gives still another reference; he gives another paper of same title for 1933.] NUMBER 34 135 1935a. Sur deux Echinides irreguliers du Cr^tacd inferieur d’lbiza (Bal£ares). Proceedings of the Section of Sci¬ ences, Kotiinklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, 38(1—5): 181—185, figures 1-3, 1 plate. 1935b. Observations sur des Echinides sculptds de la Gironde. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 28:559-560. [Species described as new in Jeannet’s “Description de quelques Echinides sculpt^s du Lutetian superieur, etc." in 1936. Not listed in Zoological Rec¬ ord in 1936 as a new species.] 1936a. Description de quelques Echinides sculptes du Lutetian superieur des environs de Bordeaux. Memoires de la Societe Paleontologique Suisse, 57: 1-13, figures 1-16, plates 1-2. 1936b. Sur un Diplocidaris marocain: Diplocidaris mauri- tanicus nov. sp. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 29(2):607-611, figures 1-2, plate 37. 1936c. Sur quelques grands Echinides irreguliers du Num- mulitique des environs d’lberg (Schwyz). Berichte Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 1:52- 70, figures 1-15, plate 3. 1952. Sur deux Echinides tertiaires de la Nouvelle-Cal£- donie. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (6)1(7):413-418, plate 12. 1953. Hessotiara zuberi sp. nov. Echinide nouveau du Jura soleurois. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich, 98(3): 176-177, plate 1. 1955. Sur quelques Echinides fossiles Grangers. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (6)5(7-9):553-561, figure 1, plates 25-26. 1959. Sur quelques Echinides tertiaires de la Trinity. Ver- handlungen der Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 70(2): 193-204, plates 1-9. Jeannet, A., and R. Martin 1937. Oeber Neozoische Echinoidea aus dem Nieder- landisch-Indischen Archipel. Leidsche Geologische Mededeelingen, (6)8(2):215-308, figures 1-67. Jekelius, E. 1932. Der weisse Triaskalk von Bra§ov und seine Fauna. Anuarul Institutului Geologic al Romaniei, 17:1-107, plates 1-9. Jesionek-Szymanska, W. 1963. Echinides irreguliers du Dogger de Pologne. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 8(3):293-414, text-plates 1-14, plates 1-7. 1970. On a New Pygasterid (Echinoidea) from the Jurassic (Middle Lias) of Nevada, U.S.A. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 15(4):411—419, figure 1, plates 1-2. Jones, S. T. 1938. Geology of Sierra de la Pena and Paleontology of the Indidura Formation, Coahuila, Mexico. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 49(1):69-150, figures 1-4, plates 1-13. Jordan, E. K., and L. G. Hertlein 1926. Expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, in 1925, VII: Contribution to the Geology and Paleon¬ tology of the Tertiary of Cedros Island and Adjacent Parts of Lower California. Proceedings of the Cali¬ fornia Academy of Sciences, (4)15(14):409-464, plates 27-34. Keller, A., and H. Vautrin 1937. Nouvelle contribution a l’^tude des 6chinides de la Syrie et du Liban. Notes et Memoires, Haut-Com- missariat de la Republique Frangaise en Syrie et au Liban, 2(2): 137-164, figures 44-49, plates 5-7. Kellum, L. B. 1926. Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Castle Hayne and Trent Marls in North Carolina. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 143:1-56, fig¬ ure 1, plates 1-11. 1931. Revision of the Names of Three Fossils from the Castle Hayne and Trent Marls in North Carolina. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 21 (4) :51—52. Khanna, S. N. 1967. A New Species of Genus Eupatagus from Eocenes of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan (India). Proceedings of the Na tional Academy of Sciences, India, 37B(2):214-220, figure 1, plate 1. Kier, P. M. 1953. A New Lower Carboniferous Echinoid from North America. Geological Magazine, 90(l):65-69, figures 1-4. 1954. A New Palaeechinus from Alberta. Geological Mag¬ azine, 91(3):252-254, figures 1-2. 1956. A New Genus of Echinoid from the Palaeozoic of Ireland. Geological Magazine, 93(1): 15-17, figures 1-2, plate 1. 1957a. A New Upper Carboniferous Echinoid from Texas. Geological Magazine, 94(4): 326-328, figure 1. 1957b. Tertiary Echinoidea from British Somaliland. Jour¬ nal of Paleontology, 31(5):839-902, figures 1-20, plates 103-107. 1958a. New American Paleozoic Echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 135(9): 1-26, figures 1-22, plates 1-8. 1958b. Permian Echinoids from West Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 32(5):889-892, figures 1-3, plate 114. 1962. Revision of the Cassiduloid Echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144(3): 1-262, figures 1-184, plates 1-44. 1963. Tertiary Echinoids from the Caloosahatchee and Tamiami Formations of Florida. Smithsonian Mis¬ cellaneous Collections, 145(5): 1-63, figures 1-58, plates 1-18. 1964a. Clypeaster romani, New Name for C. crassus, Kier, 1963, not L. Agassiz, 1840. Journal of Paleontology, 38(3): 610. 1964b. Fossil Echinoids from the Marshall Islands. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 260- GG:1121-1126, figures 328-331, plate 302. 1965. Evolutionary Trends in Paleozoic Echinoids. Journal of Paleontology, 39(3):436-465, figures 1-26, plates 55-60. 1966a. A New Echinoid from the Cretaceous Pierre Shale of Eastern Wyoming. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 393-A:A62-A65, figure 17. 1966b. Four New Eocene Echinoids from Barbados. Smith¬ sonian Miscellaneous Collections, 151(9): 1-28, fig¬ ures 1-16, plate 1. 136 1967. Sexual Dimorphism in an Eocene Echinoid. Journal of Paleontology, 41 (4):990-993, figures 1-3, plates 129-130. 1968a. The Triassic Echinoids of North America. Journal of Paleontology, 42(4):1000-1006, figure 1, plates 121-123. 1968b. Echinoids from the Middle Eocene Lake City Forma¬ tion of Georgia. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec¬ tions, 153(2): 1-45, figures 1-44, plates 1-10. Kier, P. M., and R. E. Grant 1965. Echinoid Distribution and Habits, Key Largo Coral Reef Preserve, Florida. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 149(6): 1-68, figures 1-15, plates 1-16. Koechlin, E. 1947. Demonstration eines neuen Glypticus aus dem Berner Jura. Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 127:83. 1948. Glypticus buxtorfi n. sp. aus dem Sequan vom Mont Chaibeux bei Delsberg. Eclogae Geologicae Hel¬ ve tiae, 40(2): 334-336, figures 1-2. Koehler, R. 1926. Echinodermata Echinoidea. Pages 1-134 in volume 8, part 3, in Launcelot Harrison, editor, Scientific Reports, Series C, Zoology and Botany, in Australas¬ ian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914, under the Leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson, D.Sc., B.E., F.R.S. Plates 91-124. Sydney: Alfred J. Kent, Gov¬ ernment Printer. 1927. Echinides du Musee Indien a Calcutta, III: Echinides reguliers. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 10:1-158, plates 1-27. Kongiel, R. 1935. Contribution a l’^tude du "Siwak” dans les environs de Pulawy (Plateau de Lublin). Travaux de la Societe des Sciences et des Lettres de Wilno, 9(19): 1-57, 3 figures, 8 plates. 1936a. Sur quelques Echinides nouveaux du Cr£tac£ su- p^rieur des environs de Pulawy, Pologne. Travaux de la Societe des Sciences et des Lettres de Wilno, 10 ( 22 ): 1 - 10 . 1936b. Sur quelques Echinides de la Craie sup^rieure de Krasne Siolo pr£s Wolkowysk. Travaux de la Societe des Sciences et des Lettres de Wilno, 10(23): 1-12, plates 1-3. 1939. Notes pour servir a l’etude des Echinides Cr£tac£s de Pologne, I: Echinides reguliers. Travaux de la Soci£t£ des Sciences et des Lettres de Wilno, Classe des Sciences mathdmatiques et naturelles. Travaux de I’lnstitut de Geologie de I’Universite de Wilno (new series), 13(8): 1-54, plates 1-3. 1949. Les Echinocorys du Danien de Danemark, de SuMe et de Pologne. Travaux du Service Geologique de Pologne, 5:1-89, figures 1-61, plates 1-18. 1950. O kilku nowych jezoweach z gbrnego mastrychtu okolic Pulaw. Acta Geologica Polonica, 1 (3):311—326, plates 1-2. 1957. Remarques sur les Echinides suprajurassiques de Czarnoglow et de Swietoszewo en pom6ranie occi- dentale. Bulletin de la Service Geologique de Pologne, 105(1):5—74, plates 1-7. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY 1958. Sur les radioles des Echinides des couches k Crania tuberculata Nilss. a Boryszew pr£s de Sochaczew. Prace Muzeum Ziemi (Instytut Geologiczny Muzeum Ziemi), 2:3-30, figures 1-7, plate 1. Kongiel, R., and L. Matweijewbwna 1937. Materiaux fauniques de la Craie superieure des environs de Pulawy. Travaux de la Societe des Sci¬ ences et des Lettres de Wilno, 11:115-148, plates 5-7. Korner, K. 1937. Marine (Cassianer-Raibler) Trias am Nevado de Acrotambo (Nord-Peru). Palaeontographica, 86A: 145-240, figures 1-6, plates 10-14. Koster, E. 1950. Formveranderungen von Echinocorys sulcatus (Gold- fuss, 1826-33). Geologiska Foreningens I Stockholm Forhandlingar, 72(4):437-453, figures 1-6. Krau, L. 1952. Sobre uma nova especie de echinoidea Clypeaster oliveirai (ordem Clypeastroida). Memdrias do Insti- tuto Oswaldo Cruz, 50:703-712, figure 1, plates 1-7. 1954. Nova especie de Ouri^o do Mar: Cassidulus mitis, Ordem Cassiduloida, Echinoidea, capturado no Bala de Sepetiba. Memdrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 52(2):455-475, plates 1-6. 1960. Nova especie de ouri^o do mar capturado na baia de Sepetiba (Cassiduloidea, Echinoidea). Memdrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 58(2): 157-159, plates 1-4. Krenkel, H. 1928. Die regularen Echiniden der pommerschen Kreide. Abhandlungen aus dem geologisch-palaeontologi- schen Institut der Universitdt Greifswald, 7:1-32, figures 1-6, plates 1-3. Kristan-Tollmann, E., A. Tollmann, and J. Geyssant 1969. Zur Schichtfolge und Fossilfuhrung des Zentralal- pinen (unterostalpinen) Rhat der Tarntaler Berge in Tirol. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 112(1): 1—29, figure 1, plates 1-6. Kuhn, O. 1925. Die Echinodermen der Gosauformation. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 39:177-189, fig¬ ures 1-2, plate 11. 1936. Eine neue Burdiglausbildung bei Horn. Sitzungs- berichte, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 145(1):35-45, figures 1-3, plate 1. Kutassy, E. 1928. A borsodmegyei Kirtild barnasz£n-medenc£je. Foldtani Szemle, 1 (5):253—272, figures 23-25. Lambert, J. 1924a. Note sur les Echinides de la collection Ambayrac. Riviera Scientifique (Nice), 2(1):3—8, figures 1-4. 1924b. Sur un 6chinide nouveau du Bassin de Paris. Bulle¬ tin de la Societe Geologique de France, (4)24(11):98, figure I. 1924c. Sur un (khinide nouveau du Rh^tien des Pr^alpes bernoises. Eclogae Geologicae Helve tiae, 18(3):448- 450, figures 1-2. 1926a. Note sur un Acrocidaris, recueilli par le Ct. Caziot au Mont-Boron pr£s Nice. Riviera Scientifique (Nice), 13:72-74, figures 1-2. NUMBER 34 137 1926b. Note sur un Echinide nouveau du Bajocien de Liestal. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Baselland Tatigkeitsbericht, 7:118-122, plate 10. 1927a. Considerations sur les Echinides de la Commanche Serie du Texas. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (14)26(3-5):263-272. 1927b. Revision des Echinides fossiles de la Catalogne. Memorias del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barce¬ lona (Serie Geologica), 1(1): 1-102, figures 1-10, plates 1^. 1927c. Sur quelques Echinides du Tithonique et de l’Eocnkace des environs de Chambdry. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (4)27(3—5):361—377, figures 1-6. 1928a. Notes sur quelques dchinides du Crdtace d’Espagne communiques par M. le Prof. Royo y Gomez. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Flistoria Natural, 28(3): 147—157, figure 1, plate 3. 1928b. Revision des echinides fossiles du Bordelais, III: Echinides du Miocdne. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 79(2):71—132, figures 1-8. 1928c. Sur deux Echinides fossiles de Cuba. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (4)28(1-2): 19-21, fig¬ ures 1-2. 1928d. Sur un Echinide nouveau des couches a Stegarter de Gan. Compte Rendu Sommaire des Seances de la Societe Geologique de France, 1928(16):263-265, fig¬ ures 1-2. 1928e. Revision des Echinides Fossiles de la Catalogne. Memorias del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barce¬ lona (Serie Geologica), 1 (2): 1—62, plates 5-8. 1929. Sur les Echinides docdnes de Madagascar. Comptes Rendus des Seances de I’Academie des Sciences, 189(4): 192-194, figures 1-4. 1931a. Echinides cretacds de la rdgion d’Hdraclde. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, Memoires, 54:M2-M12, figures 1-3, plate 1. 1931b. Echinides du Lias du Moyen Atlas Marocain. Pro- tectorat de la Republique Frangaise au Maroc, Serv¬ ice des Mines et de la Carte Geologique, Notes et Memoires, 17:1-25, figures 1-3, plates 1-2. 1931c. Etude sur les echinides fossiles du Nord de l’Afrique. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Memoire 16, (new series) 7(2): 1-108, plates 1^4. 1931d. Etude sur les echinides fossiles du Nord de I’Af- rique. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Memoire 16, (new series) 7(4): 109-228, plates 5-8. 1931e. Note sur le groupe des Oligopygus, la nouvelle famille des Haimeidae et sur quelques Echinides fossiles de Cuba. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)1:289-304, figures 1-3, plate 17. 1932. Sur quelques dchinides du Tithonique et de l’Eocretace des environs de Chambery. Bulletin de Societe d’Histoire Naturelle de Savoie, 22:250-263. 1933a. Echinides de Madagascar communiques par M. H. Besairie. Annales Geologiques du Service des Mines, Madagascar, 3:1-49, figures 1-8, plates 1-4. 1933b. Echinides Fossiles du Maroc. Protectorat de la Re¬ publique Frangaise au Maroc, Service des Mines et de la Carte Geologique, Notes et Memoires, 27:27— 79, figures 1-3, plates 1-3. 1933c. Note sur quelques Echinides de la region de Chatil- lon-sur-Seine. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, Notes et Memoires, (5)3:173-180, figure 1, plate 7. 1933d. Supplement a la revision des Echinides fossiles de la Catalogne. Butlleti de la Institucid Catalana d’His- toria Natural, 33(4-5): 183-195, figures 1-2, plate 4. 1934. Appendice sur un clypeaster de l’Angola. Boletim do Museu e Laboratdrio Mineralogico e Geologico da Universidade de Lisboa, (1)3:247-248, plate 5. 1935a. Note sur les Echinides jurassiques et les oscillations du d^troit poitevin. Bulletin de la Societe Geo¬ logique de France, (5)4(6-7):523-536, plates 26-27. 1935b. Sur quelques Echinides fossiles de Valence et d’Ali- cante communiques par M. le Prof. Darder Pericis. Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Flistoria Natural, 35(7): 359-371, plates 41^2. 1935c. Notes sur quelques Echinides fossiles, I: Echinides du Djebel Outaia; II: Sur un Echinolampus du Desert Libyque; III: Echinides du Mexique recueil- lis par M. F. Mulerried. Bulletin de la Societe Geo¬ logique de France, (5)5(4—5):359-368, figure 1, plate 16. 1935d. Notes sur quelques Echinides fossiles, III: Echinides du Mexique recueillis par M. F. Mullerried. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)5(6-7):369- 374, figure 2, plate 16. 1935e. Sur quelques nouveaux echinides fossiles d’Egypte. Bulletin de I’Institut dEgypte, 18(1):39—43, plate 1. 1935f. Echinides cretaces d’Espagne, I: Sur quelques Echinides cretaces des provinces de Burgos, Palencia et Leon, communiques par M. Raymond Ciry; II: Sur quelques Echinides cretaces d’Espagne, com¬ muniques par M. le Prof. Royo y Gbmez. Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 35(10): 513-526, plates 57-58. 1936a. Echinides du senonien superieur et de l’Eocene. In Besairie, H., La Geologie du Nord-Ouest, I: Recherches geologiques 5 Madagascar. Memoires de I’Academie Malgache, 21:205-207, plate 24. 1936b. Les Echinides du Bajocien du Plateau de l’Ankara. In Besairie, H., La geologie du Nord-Ouest, I: Recherches geologiques a Madagascar. Memoires de I’Academie Malgache, 21:116-120, plate 6. 1936c. Nouveaux Echinides fossiles de Madagascar. Annales Geologiques du Service des Mines Madagascar, 6:1- 32, plates 1-4. 1936d. Observations critiques sur quelques Hemiaster du Sud-Ouest de la France. Bulletin de la Societe d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 69(l):77-94, figure 1, plate 6. 1936e. Quelques nouveaux Echinides fossiles du Cretace du Mexique. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)6(l-3):3-6, plate 1. 1937. Echinides fossiles du Maroc. Protectorat de la Re¬ publique Frangaise au Maroc, Direction Generate des Travaux Publics, Service des Mines et de la 138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Carte Geologique, Notes et Memoires, 39:1-109, fig¬ ures 1-4, plates 1-4. 1938a. Note sur quelques Echinides fossiles communiques par MM. Dalloni et Schoeller. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)8(3-4):273-286, figure 1, plate 19. 1938b. Une neuvelle variete de YHeterodiadema libycum Desor, du Cenomanien superieur de Tamaia (Niger). Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)8(1—2):87-89, plate 6. Lambert, J., and F. Charles 1937. Echinides cretaces de la region de Djidde (Anatolie). Bulletin de la Societe Beige de Geologie de Paleon- tologie et Hydrologie, 47(2):377-401, figures 1-6, plates 8-9. Lambert, J., in Lambert, J., and F. Jacquet 1936. Les echinides fossiles du Senegal. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)6(6-8): 339-361, plates 21-23. Lambert, J., and A. Jeannet 1928a. Contribution & la connaissance des dchinides ter- tiaires des lies de la Sonde (Java, Borneo, Soembawa et Timor). Verhandlungen Schweizerische Naturfor- schende Gesellschaft, 109:219. 1928b. Nouveau catalogue des moules d'echinides fossiles du musee d'histoire naturelle de Neuchatel. Memoires de la Societe Helvetique des Sciences Na- turelles, 64(2):79-233, plates 1-2. 1935. Contribution k l’etude des Echinides tertiaires des iles de la Sonde. Memoires de la Societe Paleon- tologique Suisse, 56:1-62, figures 1-75, plates 1-4. Lambert, J., and V. Perebaskine 1929. Note sur quelques echinides du Soudan. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (4)29(6-7):471-477, plate 38. Lambert, J., and M. Sdnchez Roig 1934. Nueva especie fosil del genero “Clypeaster.’’ Revista de Agriculture, Comercio y Trabajo, 14(51):22-24, 2 figures. Lambert, J., and P. Thidry 1909-1925. Essai de Nomenclature Raisonn^e des Echinides. 607 pages, 15 plates. Chaumont: Librairie L. Ferri£re. Lambert, J., and A. Valette 1934. Etudes sur quelques echinodermes cretaces de Bugarach (Aude). Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)4:43-60, plate 6. Laureri, S. 1962. Nuovi echinidi elveziani della media Val d'Enza (Reggio Emilia). Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 81 (1):93—122, plates 1-4. Lees, G. M. 1928. The Geology and Tectonics of Oman and of Parts of South-Eastern Arabia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 84(4)(336):585-670, figures 1-12, plates 41-51. Leonardi, P., and M. Lovo 1950. Nuove forme di echinodermi della fauna cassiana di Cortina d’Ampezzo. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 27(1—3):3—10, plates 1-2. Linck, O. 1955. Ein bemerkenswerter Seeigel-Rest ( Miocidaris paki- stanensis n. sp.) aus der Unter-Trias der Salt Range (Pakistan). Neues Jahrbuch fiir Geologie und Palciontologie, 10:489-495, figures 1-4. Lobacheva, S. V., and E. S. Poretskaya 1967. A New Epiaster from Turkmenia—The Oldest Rep¬ resentative of the Genus. Vsesoiuznyi nauchno- issledovatel’skii geologicheskii institut, (new series), 129(3): 182-187, figures 1-2, plate 1, table 1. Loel, W., and W. H. Corey 1932. The Vaqueros Formation, Lower Miocene of Cali¬ fornia, I: Paleontology. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geo¬ logical Sciences, 22(3):31-410, plates 4—65. Lorcher, E. 1930. Neue Seeigelfunde aus dem Jura Wiirttembergs. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie und Paldontologie, 64(B):255-270, figures 1-2, plates 18-19. MacBride, E. W., and W. K. Spencer 1938. Two New Echinoidea, Aulechinus and Ectinechinus, and an Adult Plated Holothurian, fsothuria, from the Upper Ordovician of Girvan, Scotland. Philo¬ sophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Lon¬ don, (B)229(558):91-136, figures 1-15, plates 10-17. Maccagno, A. M. 1941. Osservazioni sul genere Somaliaster Flaw. Bollettino della Societa, Geologica Italiana, 60(l):89-98, figures 1-3, plate 11. 1947a. Nuova specie di Schizaster nel macco di Palo (Lazio). Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 65(1): 115-121, plate I. 1947b. Illustrazione degli echinidi giurassici della Somalia. Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Memorie ), (8)1:99-136, figures 1—4, plate 1. 1947c. Echinidi giurassici dell’FFarar. Bollettino dell’Ufficio geologico d’ltalia, 70 (part 1: Geologia, 4):79-101, plates 1-2. Maczynska, S. S. 1958. Cenomanian and Turonian Echinoids of Genus Dis- coidea from the Vicinity of Krakdw, Miechdw and Wolbrom. Prace Aluzeum Ziemi (Instytut Geologi- czny Aluzeum Ziemi), 2:81-115, figures 1-36, plates 1-9. 1962. On Echinoids of the Genus Pyrina from the Ceno¬ manian in the Vicinity of Krakdw, Miechdw, and Wolbrom. Prace Muzeum Ziemi (Polska Akademia Nauk Aluzeum Ziemi), 5:149—186, figures 1-29, plates 1 - 6 . 1968. Echinoids of the Genus Micraster L. Agassiz from the Upper Cretaceous of the Cracbw-Miechbw area. 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Notes echinologiques, VIII: Rhabdocidaris bigoti (Cidaridae, Stereocidaridae, Rhabdocidarinae), esp£ce nouvelle du Bathonien superieur de la Sarthe. Bulle¬ tin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, (8)3:94- 97, figures 1^. 1932. Etudes sur les echinides du Bathonien de la bordure occidentale du Bassin de Paris. Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, (new series, geology section) 2:1-273, figures 1-34, plates 1-11. 1935. Note sur quelques Echinides jurassiques. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, (8)7:27-30. 1937a. Deux genres nouveaux d’Echinides du Lias. Bulle¬ tin de la Societe Geologique de France, (5)6(6-8):419- 442, figures 1-2. 1937b. Les echinides de la couche a Leptaena du Toarcian de May-sur-Orne (Calvados). Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, (8)9:95-97. 1937c. Les Echinides du Lias de la bordure du Massif Armoricain. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de Normandie et des Amis du Museum du Havre, 39:12-42, plate 1. Meyer, H. von 1847. 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Journal of Paleontology, 42(5):1272-1288, figures 1-6. Mirigliano, G. 1938. Echinolampas delorenzoi. Revista Italiana di Paleon- tologia, 44(1-2):46-50, figure 1, plate 1. 1957. Scutella montagnai n. sp. (Echinoidea, Clypeas- troidea). Bollettino di Zoologia, 24:9-15, figure 1, plate 1. Mitzopoulos, M. K. 1960. Die Echiniden de Attischen Kreide am Skironischen Engpass. Praktika, Akademia Athens, 35(2):280-289, plates 1-3. Molengraaff, G. J. H. 1929. Beschrijving van de Echiniden uit het Boven- Eoceen van Curasao, Pages 72-83 in Geologie en Geohydrologie van het Eiland Curacao. Plates 25-28. Montanaro-Gallitelli, E., and Z. Lang 1937. Celenterati, Echinodermi e Brachipodi del Cretaceo mediosuperiore dello Zululand. Palaeontographia Italica, 37:193-210, plate 9. Morishita, A. 1952. Fossil Astriclypeus from Japan. Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, (B)20(2): 107-114, figures 1-2, plate 11. 1953. On Some Neogene Echinoids from Nagano Prefec¬ ture, Japan. Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, (B)20(4):217-226, figures 1-4, plate 1. 1955. Notes on Echinarachnius in Japan. Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, (B)22(2):223- 236, figures 1-2, plates 8-11. 1956. On Some Fossil Echinoids from Kyusyu, Japan. Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, (B)23(2): 193-202, plates 1-4. 1957. On Some Fossil Echinoids of Japan, I: Brissopsis and Eupatagus. Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, (B)24(2): 161-164, plate 1. 1962. Cretaceous Echinoid Hemiasler from Shikoku, Japan. Number II in On Some Fossil Echinoids of Japan. The Journal of Earth Sciences, Nagoya University, 10(2): 113-116, plate 1. 1965. New Species of Salenia from the Miocene of Japan. Number IV in On Fossil Echinoids of Japan. Trans- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY actions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, (new series) 58:64—66, figures 1-5. Mortensen, T. 1925. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914-16, XXIX: Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands, III-V: Asteroidea, Holothurioidea and Crinoidea. Videnskabelige Med- delelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kfiben- havn, 79:261—420, figures 1-70, plates 12-14. 1926. A New West Indian Cidarid. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History, 11 (7):5—8, plates 1^4. 1927a. A New Species of the Genus Echinarachnius from Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 11(3): 195-200, figures 1-2, plate 1. 1927b. Report on the Echinoidea Collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” during the Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910, Part I: The Cidaridae. United States National Museum Bulletin 100, 6(4):241-312, figures 1-22, plates 48-80. 1927c. Sur les ^chinides recueillis par l’expedition du “Travailleur” et du “Talisman.” Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, (6)2:21-34, figures 1-12, plates 1-2. 1928. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914-16, xliv: New Cidaridae. (Preliminary Notice.) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i K0benhavn, 85:65-74. 1930. Some New Japanese Echinoids. Annotationes Zoolo¬ gicae Japonenses, 12(2):387-404, 2 figures, plates 1-4. 1932a. On the Salenidae of the Upper Cretaceous Deposits of Scania, Southern Sweden. Geologiska Foreningens I Stockholm Forhandlingar, 54(4):471-497, 24 figures, plates 4-5. 1932b. New Contributions to the Knowledge of the Cidar- ids, I: Notes on Some Recent Cidarids. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Natur- videnskabelig og mathematisk Afdeling, (9)4(4):145- 174, figures 1-13, plates 1-13. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914-16, lxvi: The Echinoderms of St. Helena (Other Than Crinoids). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i K0benhavn, 93:401— 473, figures 1-29, plates 20-22. 1934a. New Echinoidea. (Preliminary Notice.) Videns- kabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i K0benhavn, 98:161-167. 1934b. Notes on Some Fossil Echinoids. Geological Maga¬ zine, 71(9): 393-407, 7 figures, plates 21-22. 1936a. Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12: 199-348, figures 1-53, plates 1-9. 1936b. Phyllacanthus forcipulatus, sp. nov., a New Cidarid from the Indian Ocean. Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta), 38(3):307-309, 1 figure, plates 10 - 12 . 1937. Some Echinoderm Remains from the Jurassic of Wiirttemberg. Biologiske Meddelelser, 13(10):l-28, figure 1, plates 1-4. 1939a. New Echinoidea (Aulodonta). (Preliminary Notice.) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i K0benhavn, 103:547-550. NUMBER 34 141 1939b. Report on the Echinoidea of the Murray Expedition, Part I. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34 Scien¬ tific Reports, 6(1): 1-28, figures 1-10, plates 1-6. 1939c. Two New Deepsea Echinoderms from the Red Sea. Publications of the Marine Biological Station Ghardaqa (Red Sea) (Cairo), 1:37-46, figures 1-5, plates 3-4. 1940a. Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archipelago and Adjacent Regions. Part 2 in Report on the Echinoidea Collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” during the Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910. United States National Mu¬ seum Bulletin 100, 14(1): 1—52, figures 1-3, plate 1. 1940b. Aulodonta. Number 1 of volume 3 in Mortensen, A Monograph of the Echinoidea. 370 pages, 197 figures, 77 plates. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel. 1940c. Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf: Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. Danish Scientific In¬ vestigations in Iran, 2:55-112, figures 1-24, plates 1-2. 1942. New Echinoidea (Camarodonta). (Preliminary Notice.) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i K0benhavn, 106:225-232. 1943a. Camarodonta. Number 2 of volume 3 in Mortensen, A Monograph of the Echinoidea. 553 pages, 321 figures, 56 plates. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel. 1943b. Camarodonta. Number 3 of volume 3 in Mortensen, A Monograph of the Echinoidea. 445 pages, 215 figures, 66 plates. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel. 1948a. Report on the Echinoidea Collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer "Albatross” during the Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910, Part 3: The Echinoneidae, Echinolampadidae, Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibularidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Palaeostomatidae, Micrasteridae, Palaeopneustidae, Flemiasteridae, Spatangidae. United States National Museum Bulletin 100, 14(3):89-140. 1948b. Report on the Echinoidea of the Murray Expedition, Part 2- The John Murray Expedition 1933-34 Sci¬ entific Reports, 9(1): 1-15, plate 1. 1948c. Holectypoida, Cassiduloidea. Number 1 of volume 4 in Mortensen, A Monograph of the Echinoidea. 371 pages, 326 figures, 14 plates. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel. 1948d. Clypeastroida, Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Fibu¬ laridae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. Number 2 of volume 4 in Mortensen, A Monograph of the Echi¬ noidea. 471 pages, 258 figures, 72 plates. Copen¬ hagen: C. A. Reitzel. [Zoological Record says: “Some spp. and vars. in Mortensen’s ‘A Monograph of the Echinoidea, 4(1) and 4(2), are recorded in the Systematic Index as nov., although they are not stated to be so by Mortensen. The Preliminary Notice by Mortensen in which these names were intended to be proposed did not appear until 1949.”] 1948e. New Echinoidea (Cassiduloida, Clypeastroida). (Pre¬ liminary Notice.) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i K0benhavn, 111: 67-72. 1950a. Echinoidea. B.A.N.Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929-1931 Reports—Series B (Zoology and Botany), 4(10):287—310, figures 1-6, plates 4—9. 1950b. New Echinoidea (Spatangoidea). (Preliminary Notice.) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i K0benhavn, 112:157-163. 1951. Report on the Echinoidea Collected by the “Atlantide” Expedition. 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Two Australian Tertiary Neolampadids and the Classification of Cassiduloid Echinoids. Palaeontology, 6(4):718-726, figures 1-2, plates 106-107. 1963b. A New Genus of Regular Echinoid from the Lower Eocene of British Somaliland. Journal of Paleon¬ tology, 37(5): 1104-1109, figures 1-3. 1963c. A New Regular Echinoid from the Jurassic of Wyoming, U.S.A. Journal of Paleontology, 37(5): 1110-1115, figures 1-5. 1963d. The Tertiary Echinoids of Southeastern Australia, I: Introduction and Cidaridae (1). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 76(2): 181-226, figures 1-5, plates 21-26. 1964. The Tertiary Echinoids of Southeastern Australia, II: Cidaridae (2). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 77(2):433—477, figures 1-6, plates 58-67. 1965. The Tertiary Echinoids of Southeastern Australia, III: Stirodonta, Aulodonta, and Camarodonta (1). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 78(2): 181-196, figures 1—4, plates 26-29. 1969. 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Index (Page numbers in italic indicate principle entry) abatoides, Pericosmus, 102 Abatus, 106 curvidens, 106 ingens, 106 abeli, Plagiobrissus, 118 aberans, Diplopodia balkhanensis var., 29 Abertella, 74 kewi, 74 palmeri, 74 Abertellidae, 74 aberti, Scutella, 74 abidensis, Echinanthns pumilus, var., 89 abichi, Crucibrissus, 100 abnormalis, Gymnechinus, 43 abrardi, Fibularia, 61 abreusense, Hemipedina, 23 abruptus, Clypeaster, 56 abruptus, Echinoneus, 50 abruptus, Plagiobrissus, 119 aciculatus, Clypeaster, 56 aclinensis, Mellita, 72 Acrocidaris, 28 arginensis, 28 borissiaki, 29 cazioti, 29 crenulata, 29 Acrolusia, 90 Acrolusiidae, 90 Acrosalenia, 24 basseae, 24 gananensis, 24 mathildae, 24 microstoma, 24 smelliei, 24 somaliensis, 24 termieri, 24 wylliei, 24 zararensis, 24 Acrosalenia (Metacrosalenia), 24 quadrimiliaris, 25 Acrosaleniidae, 24 Actinocidaris, 12 aculeata, Cidaris, 14, 15 acuminata, Lovenia doederleini, var., 121 acuminata, Salenocidaris hastigera, var., 26 acuminatus, Prospatangus, 120 acunai, Jacksonaster, 65 acuta, Fibularia, 63 acutispina, Histocidaris, 7 adametzi, Radiolus, 48 adamthi, Moira, 109 Adelcidaris, 9 adkinsi, Heteraster, 96 adkinsi, Holectypus, 49 affinis, Astrodapsis schucherti, var., 71 affinis, Hypselaster, 105 africana, Fibularia, 61 africana, Phormosoma placenta, var., 20 africanum, Aspidodiadema, 22 africanum, Chaetodiadema, 21 africanum, Laganum fudsiyama, var., 64 africanus, Epiaster, 97 Agassizia, 106 algarbiensis, 106 alveari, 106 avillensis, 106 camagueyana, 106 caobaensis, 106 caribbeana, 106 cyrenaica, 106 cyrenaica var. pseudoclevei, 106 cyrenaica var. pseudoinflata, 106 flexuosa, 106 guanensis, 106 lamberti, 106 lamberti var. oligocenicus, 106 pinarensis, 106 regia, 106 scrobiculata var. persica, 106 Agassizia (Anisaster), 106 mossomi, 106 wilmingtonica, 106 agassizii, Brissus, 111 Aguayoaster, 112 aguayoi, 112 aguayoi, Aguayoaster, 112 aguayoi, Brissopsis, 113 aguayoi, Bunactis, 58 aguayoi, Linthia, 108 aguilerai, Orthopsis, 47 aguilerai, Heteraster, 96 agulhensis, Paracentrotus, 45 aichinoi, Clypeaster, 56 aichinoi, Spatagoides, 92 aichinoi, Trachyaster, 100 akabanus, Pericosmus, 102 ahkafensis, Protobissus, 114 alabamensis, Eupatagus (Brissopatagus), 112 alabamensis, Fibularia, 61 alabamensis, Lovenia, 121 alapliensis, Coraster vilanovae, var., 95 alaskensis, Echinarachnius, 69 alatus, Cidaris, 10 alatus, Eupatagus, 115 alba, Goniocidaris, 8 Albertechinus, 3 montanus, 3 albida, Mespilia globulus, var., 40 albidens, Stylocidaris bracteata, var., 17 album, Asthenosoma varium, 20 albus, Opechinus, 40 alcaldei, Salenia, 25 alcaldei, Schizaster, 104 aldrichi, Coelopleurus, 35 alencasterae, Heteraster, 96 algarbiensis, Agassizia, 106 alienum, Laganum depressum, var., 64 aliquantula, Archaeocidaris, 5 A llaster, 69 rotundatus, 69 Allobrissus, subgenus. 111 Allocentrotus, 47 japonicus, 47 alloiteaui, Heterosalenia, 24 alloiteaui, Togocyamus, 64 Allotoxaster, 96 almeidae, Holectypus, 49 aloysii, Brissoides (Rhabdobrissus), 119 aloysioi, Clypeaster (Orthanthus), 59 alpinus, Epiaster, 97 alsiensis, Schizaster, 103 alta, Clypeaster japonicus, 55 alta, Eoagassizia, 106 alta, Hemicidaris crenularis, var., 27 alta, Lepidesthes, 2 alta, Linthia, 108 alta, Palaeolampas, 81 alta, Salenia, 25 alternans, Phormosoma, 20 alternatum, Araeosoma, 19 altissima, Echinolampas, 79 altissimus, Schizaster, 104 altus, Bunactis sanchezi, 58 altus, Macropneustes, 117 altus, Pauropygus, 54 alutensis, Radiolus, 48 alvarezi, Oligopygus, 53 alveari, Agassizia, 106 ambayraci, Corthya, 90 ambigenus, Astriclypeus manni, 73 Ambipleurus, 37 rotundatus, 37 148 NUMBER 34 149 Amblypneustes, 38 corrali, 39 pallidus var. subglobosus, 38 Amblypygus, 55 checchiai, 55 depressus, 55 douvillei, 55 amboinae, Stylocidaris, 18 ambonensis, Fibularia (Fibulariella) ob- longa, var., 63 ambonensis, Nudechinus, 44 ambroggi, Pseudopygurus, 75 amelianus, Hemiaster, 99 amellagense, Pseudodiadema, 28 ameri, Goniopygus, 36 americanus, Micraster (Plesiaster), 119 Ammotrophinae, 60 Ammotrophus, 60 cyclius, 60 platyterus, 60 Amphiope, 73 bioculata var. bentivegnae, 73 bioculata var. pelatensis, 73 dallonii, 73 labriei, 73 nuragica, 73 Amphipneustes, 107 bifidus, 107 similis, 107 amurensis, Hemiaster, 99 Anabrissus, 112 Anametalia, 112 grandis, 112 Ananchites, 92 austriaca, 92 Ananchytes, 55, 92 argentinus, 92 cruciferus, 55 anatoliensis, Pronechinus, 2 Anaulocidaris, 6 tuberculata, 6 vinassai, 6 ancegavensis, Nucleopygus lebescontei, var., 84 avceps, Rhyncholampas, 85 Ancylocidaris, 22 spenceri, 22 andersoni, Scutella, 71 andreui, Leptarbacia, 30 andrewi, Jacksonechinus, 2 androaviensis, Pseudholaster, 93 anellatus, Cidaris, 15 angelensis, Encope, 72 anglica, Lepidocidaris squamosa, var., 6 angolensis, Epiaster, 97 angolensis, Rotul-a orbiculus, 74 angularis, Plethotaenia 117 angulatus, Opissaster derasmoi, var., 101 angulipora, Fibularia (Fibulariella), 63 angustus, Macropneustes, 117 Anisaster, subgenus, 106 Anisopetalus, 85 brodermanni, 85 caobaense, 85 cookei, 85 ellipticus, 85 oliveirai, 85 ankarensis, Besairiecidaris, 48 annulata, Caenopedina, 22 annulatum, Aspidodiadema, 22 annulosa, Stylocidaris, 18 Anomalanthus, 58 elevatus, 58 gigas, 58 gregoryi, 56 guadalupense, 58 oligocenicus, 58 rojasi, 58 zanoletti, 58 anomon, Atelospatangus (Semipetalion), 121 Anorthopygidae, 49 Anorthopygus, 49 paradoxus, 49 riveroi, 49 texanus, 49 Anorthoscutum, 68 oregonense quaylei, 68 ansaltensis. Coraster, 95 antecedens, Collyrites (Cardiopelta) capi- strata, mut., 89 Antillaster, 122 arnoldi, 123 bonairensis, 123 brachypetalus, 122 cartagensis, 123 depressus, 122 estenozi, 123 expansus, 123 giganteus, 122 guevarai, 123 herrerae, 122 jaumei, 122 lamberti, 122 mortenseni, 122 rojasi, 122 antilletise, Sperosoma, 20 antipai, Radiol us, 48 Antipneustes, 107 brevisternalis, 107 marsupialis, 107 rostratus, 107 tumescens, 107 antiqua, Meoma, 117 antiquus, Astrodapsis altus, var., 69 antiquus, Stomopneustes, 35 antiquus, Strongylocentrotus, 47 antonibensis, Tripylus, 110 antsingyensis, Tetragramma, 30 Apatopygidae, 88 Apatopygus, 88 occidentalis, 88 Aphelaster, 96 serotinus, 96 apianus, Procassidulus, 86 apicatus, Echinocyamus, 61 apicimagis, Strongylocentrotus polyacan¬ thus, 46 Aplospatangus, 104 aponensis, Holectypus (Coenholectypus) planatus, 49 arabica, Echinotiara, 33 arabica, Linthia, 108 arabica, Pyrina, 51 Arachniopleurus, 37 istrianus, 37 Arachnoides, 60, 69 tenuis, 60 zelandiae, 60 arachnoides, Hesperaster, 59 Arachnoididae, 60 Arachnoidinae, 60 Araeosoma, 19 alternatum, 19 brunnichi, 20 coriaceum var. indicum, 19 mortenseni, 20 owstoni var. nudum, 19 parviungulatum, 19 paucispinum, 19 splendens, 19 tessellatum var. carinatum, 19 araripensis, Faujasia, 82 Arbacia, 35 crenulata, 35 rivuli, 35 waccamaw, 35 Arbaciidae, 35 Arbacina, 39 blancheti, 39 Arbacioida, 35 Arbia, 35 Arcaechinus, 112 auraduensis, 112 arcensis, Encope, 72 Archaeocidaridae, 5 Archaeocidaris, 5 aliquantula, 5 barroisi, 5 cowleyi, 5 fraxinensis, 5 immanis, 5 manhattanensis, 5 meurevillensis, 5 mosquensis, 5 propin qua, 5 setosa, 5 subwortheni, 5 Archaeopneustes, 123 moorefieldi, 123 150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY archerensis, Laganum, 66 Archiacia, 83 lorioli, 83 Archiaciidae, 83 arcitum, Aspidodiadema, 22 arcolensis, Hemiaster, 99 arctica, Tithonia, 90 arctina, Glyptocidaris (Eoglyptocidaris), 31 ardesica, Plegiocidaris, 17 argentinus, Ananchytes, 92 arginensis, Acrocidaris, 28 arginensis, Rhabdocidaris, 11 armadilloensis, Clypeaster (Rhaphidocly- pus), 59 armadilloensis, Deakia, 117 armatum, Sperosoma, 20 armenica, Polyplacidia, 32 armstrongi, Astrodapsis, 69 Amaudaster, 82 colombianus, 82 arnei, Psammechinus, 45 arnoldi, Antillaster, 123 aroensis, Breynia australasiae, var., 122 artemisae, Pericosmus, 102 artesianus, Phyllobrissus, 77 artilesi, Clypeaster (Coronanthus), 58 Asaphechinus, 39 murrayensis, 39 princeps, 39 singletoni, 39 tasmanensis, 39 asiatica, Heterodiadema libyca, var., 27 Aspidocidaris, subgenus, 9 Aspidodiadema, 22 africanum, 22 annulatum, 22 arcitum, 22 hawaiiense, 22 meijerei var. keiense, 22 Aspidodiadematidae, 22 assulaeformis, Cidaris, 14 assymetrica, Echinocorys obliquus, 91 Asterechinus, 39 elegans, 39 asteriscus, Hesperocidaris, 17 Asterocidaris, 27 besairiei, 27 ragoti, 27 Asterostoma, 122 cubensis, 124 dickersoni, 122 irregularis, 122 subcircularis, 122 Asterostomatidae, 122 Asterostomatina, 122 Asthenosoma, 20 dilatatum, 20 intermedium, 20 periculosum, 20 striatissimum, 20 varium album, 20 Astriclypeidae, 73 Astriclypeus, 73 manni ambigenus, 73 manni minoensis, 73 Astrodapsis, 69 altus var. antiquus, 69 armstrongi, 69 auguri, 69 blahei, 70 brewerianus var. bitterensis, 70 brewerianus var. emergens, 70 brewerianus var. junior, 70 cierbonensis var. branchensis, 70 clarki, 70 cutleri, 70 davisi, 70 desaixi, 70 diabloensis var. superior, 70 elevatum, 70 englishi, 70 galei, 70 goudkoffi, 70 gregerseni, 70 gregerseni var. fragilis, 70 gregerseni var. varians, 70 hertleini, 70 hootsi, 70 isabellae, 70 israelskyi, 69 johnsoni, 70 johnsoni var. simile, 70 kewi, 69 major var. parens, 70 nipponicus, 69, 71 oval is, 70 p err ini, 70 quaylei, 70 reedi, 70 salinasensis, 70 schencki, 70 schencki var. mirandaensis, 70 schucherti, 71 schucherti var. affinis, 71 woodringi, 71 Astropyga, 21 magnifica, 21 nuptialis, 21 Astropygaulus, 88 trigonopygus, 88 atascaderensis, Echinolampas, 79 atavus, Goniopygus, 37 Atelospatangus, 120 magnus, 120 Atelospatangus (Semipetalion), 121 anomon, 121 Atelostomata, 74, 125 atlantis, Pseudopedina, 23 Atlasaster, 22 jeanneti, 22 termieri, 22 atolladosae, Linthia, 108 Atopechinus, 35 cellensis, 35 attenuata, Eucidaris tribuloides africana f„ 16 attenuatus, Eupatagus, 115 auguri, Astrodapsis, 69 Aulechinus, 3 grayae, 3 auraduensis, Arcaechinus, 112 auraduensis, Opissaster, 101 auraduensis, Plesiolampas, 82 aurorae, Pourtalesia, 94 Australanthus, 82 australe, Echinosoma, 20 australiae, Brochopleurus, 39 australiae, Eucidaris, 16 australiae, Goniocidaris, 8 australiae, Histocidaris, 7 australiensis, Nudechinus scotiopremnus, var., 44 australis, Temnopleurus, 38 austriaca, Ananchites, 92 austriacus, Tripneustes ventricosus, 44 Austrocidaris, 8 gigantea, 8 operta, 8 platyacantha, 8 avilensis, Agassizia, 106 avilensis, Echinocyamus, 62 avilensis, Eupatagus (Brissopatagus), 112 avilensis, Linthia, 108 avilensis, Procassidulus, 86 avilensis, Pyrina, 51 axiologus, Homoeopetalus, 125 axiologus, Scoliechinus, 44 ayresi, Rhyncholampas, 84 badia, Prionocidaris, 13 bahiaensis, Orthopsis, 47 baileyi, Stereocidaris, 10 baixadoleitensis, Breynella, 87 baixadoleitensis , Lovenia, 89, 122 baixadoleitensis, Spatangus, 120 bajocensis, Stomechinus, 33 bakalovi, Nucleolites, 76 Balanocidaris, 16 besairiei, 16 darderi, 16 japonica, 16 migliorinii, 16 subdorsata, 16 tingitana, 16 balboi, Hemiaster, 99 balboi, Linthia, 108 balcanica, Scutellina, 63 baldryi, Oligopygus ovumserpentis, var., 53 NUMBER 34 151 balinensis, Goniocidaris, 8 balkhanensis, Diplopodia, 29 baltica, Collyriles (Cardiopelta) bicor- data, var., 89 balticus, Gotlandechinus, 5 bandaensis, Hemipatagus, 121 barabirensis, Sismondia, 66 barbadosensis, Fibularia, 61 barbatus, Diploporaster, 107 barcensis, Echinolampas, 79 bardiensis, Echinolampas hemisphericus, 78 bardiensis, Scutella isidis, var., 67 Barnumia, 124 browni, 124 barrabei, Lefortia (Procassidulus), 86 barremicus, Washitaster, 101 barroisi, Archaeocidaris, 5 barthouxi, Hemiaster, 99 barthouxi, Mortensenaster, 119 barthouxi, Pyrina, 51 barzaviae, Miocidaris, 6 basiplana, Galeola papillosa, 92 basseae, Acrosalenia, 24 basseae, Clitopygus, 76 basseae, Dorocidaris, 15 basseae, Echinanthus, 89 basseae, Echinocyamus, 62 basseae, Oustechinus, 90 basseae, Procassidulus, 86 Basseaster, 91 rostratus, 91 batalleri, Hemiaster, 99 batalleri, Porosoma, 32 bathonica, Loriolia inaequalis, var., 29 bathypetalus, Schizaster, 104 Baueria, 35 tessieri, 35 baumbergeri, Typocidaris, 11 beckeri, Schizaster, 104 beggi, Eothuria, 3 behtensis, Diademopsis, 23 belgicus, Lepidechinus, 4 belli, Eupholidocidaris, 2 bencontestus, Cidaris (Protocidaris), 48 benhurensis, Hemiaster, 99 bentivegnae, Amphiope bioculata, var., 73 bergouniouxi, Pachycidaris, 7 beringiana, Pourtalesia laguncula, 94 berryi, Cassidulus, 78 berryi, Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus), 78 beryl, Spatangus, 120 Besairiecidaris, 48 ankarensis, 48 besairiei, Asterocidaris, 27 besairiei, Balanocidaris, 16 besairiei, Bothryopneustes, 75 besairiei, Conoclypeus, 52 besairiei, Diplocidaris, 19 besairiei, Dorocidaris, 16 besairiei, Epiaster, 97 besairiei, Hemiaster, 99 besairiei, Paralampas, 85 besairiei, Prometalia, 118 besairiei, Tetragramma, 30 besairiei, Tiarechinopsis, 35 besnardi, Centrostephanus, 21 biassalensis, Plegiocidaris, 17 bibicensis, Micraster (Micraster), 110 bicarinata, Diplocidaris, 19 bidens, Pericosmus, 102 bifidus, Amphipneustes, 107 bifrons, Plegiocidaris, 18 bigoti, Rhabdocidaris, 11 bihinensis, Hemicidaris, 27 birmanica, Breynia, 122 bisexus, Echinocyamus, 62 bitakensis, Dorocidaris, 16 bitauniensis, Cidaris, 15 bitterensis, Astrodapsis brewerianus, var., 70 bittneri, Ortholophus, 41 blackmorei, Hagenowia, 92 blakei, Astrodapsis, 70 blanched, Arbacina, 39 blanckenhorni, Epiaster, 97 blanpiedi, Brissopsis, 113 blanquizalensis, Pericosmus, 102 blondeti, Tithonia, 90 blumenthali, Clypeaster, 55 bochotnicensis, Echinogalerus, 55 boehrni, Rhabdocidaris, II boipebensis, Epiaster, 97 bolaensis, Goniopygus, 37 Boletechinus, 35 mcglameryae, 35 boletus, Radiolus, 48 bolli, Stereocidaris, 10 bombos, Echinolampas, 79 Bonaireaster, 54 rutteni, 54 bonairensis, Antillaster, 123 boncevi, Conoclypeus, 52 boncevi, Triplacidia fraasi, var., 43 boninense, Laganum, 64 boninensis, Parasalenia gratiosa, var., 47 borealis, Encope micropora, var., 72 boreasteria, Linthia, 108 borgesi, Clypeaster, 56 borissiaki, Acrocidaris, 29 boschi, Laganum, 64 boschmai, Holectypus, 49 bosei, Leiostomaster, 102 bosei, Tetragramma, 30 Bothriocidaridae, 1 Bothriocidaris, 1 eichwaldi, 1 parvus, 2 Bothriocidaroida, 1 bothriopygoides, Echinolampas, 79 Bothryopneustes, 75 besairiei, 75 galhauseni, 75 Botriopygus, 78 jesusmariae, 78 lamberti, 78 millosevichi, 78 royoi, 78 vinassai, 78 brachygnatha, Salenocidaris, 26 brachypetalus, Antillaster, 122 brae hype talus, Linopneustes, 123 brachypetalus, Schizaster, 104 brachylona, Echinolampas, 79 Bramus, 48 branchensis, Astrodapsis cierbonensis, var., 70 brasiliensis, Rhabdocidaris, 11 brevior, Nucleopygus atlanticus, 84 brevipetala, Linthia sudanensis, var., 108 brevipetalum, Eupatagus (Gymnopata- gus), 116 brevipetalus, Clypeaster, 55 brevis, Echinarachnius, 69 brevispina, Chrondrocidaris, 12 brevistella, Mariania euglypha, var., 117 brevisternalis, Antipneustes, 107 Breynella, 87 baixadoleitensis, 87 Breynia, 122 australasiae var. aroensis, 122 birmanica, 122 cordata, 122 cubensis, 125 sirtica, 122 testudinaria, 122 brightoni, Eupholidocidaris, 2 brightoni, Parastomechinus, 34 Brightonia, 95 maefadyeni, 95 Brisaster, 107 maximus, 107 owstoni, 107 townsendi woynari, 107 Brissidae, 111, 120 Brissoides, 114, 115 camagueyanus, 114 cranium var. somaliensis, 115 cuvillieri, 115 dainellii, 115 daradensis, 115 jecundus, 115 habanensis, 114 lajasensis, 114 migiurtinus, 115 migliorinii, 115 minutus, 114 palmeri, 114 152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY sanchezi, 114 santanae, 114 skourensis, 115 stefaninii, 115 z anolettii, 115 Brissoides (Eupatagus), 115 lamberti, 115 Brissoides (Rhabdobrissus), 119 aloysii, 119 Brissolampas, 123 santanae, 123 Brissoma, 113 habanensis, 113 vonderschmitti, 113 Brissopatagus, 112 collignoni, 112 lummaui, 112 rojasi, 112 venzoi, 112 Brissopneustes, 111 decaryi, 111 desioi, 111 schwetzovi, 111 Brissopsis, 112, 113 aguayoi, 113 blanpiedi, 113 caparti, 112 evanescens, 112 fermori, 113 japonica, 113 jarlii, 112 luzonica cosibensis, 113 makiyamai, 113 micropetala, 112 obliqua, 112 persica, 112 persica var. elevata, 112 similis, 112 steinhatchee, 113 Brissopsis (Kleinia), 113 crescenticus var. syriaca, 113 Brissus, 111, 112 agassizii. 111 camagueyensis, 111 caobaense, 111 damesi, 112 duperieri, 111 gigas, 111 glenni, 111 kewi, 111 lasti, 111 latidunensis, 111 sternaloides, 112 Brissus (Allobrissus), 111 meridionalis, 111 miocaenicus, 111 Brochopleurus, 39 australiae, 39 pulcherrimus, 39 brodermanni, Anisopetalus, 85 brodermanni, Clypeaster, 57 broderrnanni, Cyclaster, 113 brodermanni, Eupatagus, 115 brodermanni, Linthia, 108 brodermanni, Macropneustes, 117 brodermanni, Procassidulus, 86 browni, Barnumia, 124 brueti, Isomicraster, 97 brunnichi, Araeosoma, 20 brunnichi, Cyclaster, 114 bucaillei, Camerogalerus, 50 bukkensis, Prospatangus hungaricus, var., 120 bulgarica, Linthia, 108 bulgaricus, Clypeopygus, 77 bullardi, Holectypus, 49 Bunactis, 58 aguayoi, 58 sanchezi altus, 58 sanchezi gigantea, 58 santanae, 58 Bunactus, 58 buraganensis, Rhabdocidaris, 11 burckhardti, Petalobrissus, 83 burdigalensis, Spherechinus, 44 burgeri, Echinoneus, 50 burgiensis, Micraster, 110 buxtorfi, Glypticus, 36 bybeei, Phymosoma, 31 cabrerai, Crucibrissus, 100 cadenati, Meoma, 117 cadenati, Phymosoma, 31 Caenholectypus, 49 Caenocidaris, 18 Caenopedina, 22 annulata, 22 diomedeae, 22 caeuliculus, Plegiocidaris, 18 Cagaster, 107 caheni, Xenocidaris, 6 calistoides, Eupatagus, 115 calvachei, Hebertia, 38 Calveria, 20 hystrix, 20 Calveriosoma, 20 calzadai, Clypeaster, 58 camagueyana, Agassizia, 106 camagueyana, Haimea, 54 camagueyana, Scutella, 67 camagueyanus, Brissoides, 114 camagueyanus, Paras ter, 105 camagueyanus, Pericosmus, 102 camagueyanus, Rojasaster, 59 camagueyensis, Brissus, 111 camagueyensis, Cubanaster, 66 camagueyensis, Echinolampas, 79 camagueyensis, Oligopygus, 53 camagueyensis, Paraster, 105 Camerogalerus, 50 bucaillei, 50 campaniformis, Conulus, 51 campanulata, Clypeaster reidii, var., 57 canadensis, Palaeechinus, 4 candeli, Progonolampas, 82 candeli, Schizechinus, 44 canimarensis, Clypeaster, 55 cantabriae, Opissaster, 101 cantianus, Holaster (Labrotaxis), 93 cantrainei, Clitopygus, 76 caobaense, Anisopetalus, 85 caobaense, Brissus, 111 caobaense, Eupatagus, 115 caobaense, Necatopygus, 88 caobaense, Schizaster, 104 caobaensis, Agassizia, 106 caobaensis, Meoma, 117 caparti, Brissopsis, 112 capensis, Coenopedina, 22 capitata, Cidaris raibliana, var., 15 caraibensis, Linthia, 108 caranoi, Echinolampas, 79 caranoi, E pi as ter, 97 Cardiaster, 91 deciper, 91 hilli, 91 kelleri, 91 leonensis, 91 moabiticus, 91 palmeri, 91 perorientalis, 91 rostratus, 92 Cardiopelta, 89 caribbeana, Agassizia, 106 caribbeana, Peronella, 65, 66 caribbeanensis, Echinocyamus, 62 carinata, Collyropsis (Collyropsis), 90 carinata, Histocidaris, 7 carinatum, Araeosoma tessellatum, var., 19 carinatus, Galeaster, 92 carmenensis, Encope, 72 carolinensis, Coelopleurus, 36 carolinensis, Macropneustes, 120 cartagensis, Antillaster, 123 cartagensis, Hemipatagus, 121 cartagensis, Metalia, 118 carvalhoi, Epiaster, 97 casanovai, Eupatagus, 115 casanovi, Orthopsis, 47 cascajalensis, Hemiaster (Macraster), 98 casseli, Dendraster, 68 Cassidulidae, 83 Cassiduloida, 74 Cassidulus, 83, 84 berryi, 78 cubensis, 84 delectus, 83 emmonsi, 84 ericsoni, 84 NUMBER 34 153 faberi, 84 infidus, 83 kellumi, 84 mercedensis, 84 mestieri, 84 mitis, 83 platypetalus, 83 rojasi, 84 senni, 84 sphaeroides, 83 taylori, 84 Cassidulus (Cassidulus), 84 trojanus, 84 Cassidulus (Galerolampas), 85 fontis, 85 Cassididus (Paralampas), 86 globosus, 86 Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus), 78 berryi, 78 carolinensis var. cravenensis, 78 sabistonensis, 78 Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus), 85 evergladensis, 85 zanolettii, 85 castexi, Medocechinus, 37 castillionensis, Hemicidaris, 27 castroi, Coelopleurus, 36 catandubensis, Hemiaster, 99 C atopy gus, 77, 88 conformis var. conoideus, 77 inflatus, 77 irregularis, 77 jeanneti, 77 mississippiensis, 77 oviformis, 88 riveroi, 77 rodriguezi, 77 subcircularis, 77 zinai, 77 Catopygus (Oolopygus), 77 gonzalezi, 77 caucasicus, Coraster, 95 cavaionensis, Echinolampas (Isolampas), 80 Cavanechinus, 3 warreni, 3 caviventer, Clypeaster annandalei, 56 cazioti, Acrocidaris, 29 cedroensis, Hemiaster, 99 cellensis, Atopechinus, 35 cenomanensis, Hemiaster, 99 centrale, Laganum, 64 Centropygus, 89 pictaviensis, 89 Centrostephanus, 21 asteriscus var. malayanus, 21 besnardi, 21 nitidus, 21 sacyi, 21 cermenatii, Clypeaster, 56 cerullii, Clypeaster, 56 cerullii, Zuffardia, 88 cervantesi, Rhyncholampas, 84 cesarensis, Heteraster, 96 ceylanicus, Microcyphus, 40 chaubaudi, Salenidia, 26 Chaetodiadema, 21 africanum, 21 keiense, 21 sundararaji, 21 chalossensis, Echinolampas ellipsoidalis, var., 79 chaneyi, Encope, 73 chapmani, Stylocidaris, 18 chardoni, Thylechinus, 33 charlesi, Stegaster, 93 checchiae, Scutella, 67 checchiai, Amblypygus, 55 checchiai, Echinolampas (Hypsoclypus), 80 checchiai, Echinopygus, 76 checchiai, Heteraster, 96 checchiai, Narindechinus, 32 checchiai, Pseudocidaris, 28 checchiai, Somaliaster magniventer, var., 95 Chelonechinus, 94 javanensis, 94 suvae, 94 chelonium, Faujasia, 82 cheribonensis, Opechinus, 41 chesheri, Clypeaster, 55 chiapasensis, Clypeaster, 55 chiapasensis, Conulus, 51 chiapasensis, Epiaster, 97 chickasawhay, Thylechinus (Gagaria), 44 chiesai, Conulus, 51 chiesai, Echinolampas, 79 chiesai, Scutella, 67 chikuzenensis, Echinodiscus, 73 chipolanus, Echinocyamus, 62 chirakhanensis, Echinobrissus, 76 chirakhanensis, Hemiaster (Mecaster), 100 chondra, Leiosoma, 35 Chondrocidaris, 12 brevispina, 12 clarkii, 12 marianica, 12 problepteryx, 12 Chorocidaris, 11 micca, 11 chouberti, Gentilia, 83 chouberti, Rhabdocidaris, 12 christi, Oligopygus, 53 chuseni, Melonechinus, 4 Cidaridae, 7 Cidarinae, 14 Cidaris, 10, 14, 15, 18, 19 aculeata, 14, 15 alatus, 10 anellatus, 15 assulaeformis, 14 bitauniensis, 15 cidaris var. rneridionalis, 14 cojimarensis, 14 crenulata, f. 15 cucumifera, 18 dorsata var. coronata, 15 dorsata var. jugulata, 15 dubaleni, 14 duncani, 14 ecki, 15 enissalensis, 14 gilletae, 15 gymnozona, 14 hemispinosa, 14 honorinae, 19 isnardi, 14 jonkeri, 15 longispina, 15 mabahissae, 14 magna, 15 mahafalensis, 14 majungensis, 14 meslei, 14 mirandus, 15 mullerriedi, 14 pelettensis, 14 per costatus, 15 pusilla, f. 15 pyramidalis, 15 raibliana var. capitata, 15 remifera, 15 scrobiculata var. rumerlensis, 15 sigillum, 14 spinosa, 10 staulinensis, 15 theodosiae, 15 transversa, 15 trigona var. cuspidata, 15 tuberculinus, 15 vepres, 14 zardinii, 15 Cidaris (Balanocidaris), 16 deserti, 16 Cidaris (Bramus), 48 pirillus, 48 simplex, 48 Cidaris (Crinocidaris), 48 Cidaris (Discocidaris), 9 hirsutispinus, 9 Cidaris (Protocidaris), 48 bencontestus, 48 Cidaris (Vernius), 48 elaboratus, 48 Cidaroida,5 cienagensis, Leiopedina, 23 cimex, Fibularia, 61 cingulata, Stylocidaris, 17 154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Cionobrissus, 113 regular is, 113 cipollae, Clypeaster, 56 Circopeltis, 33 senessei, 33 circularis, Oligopygus, 53 circularis, Planilampas, 82 circularis, Procassidulus, 86 ciryi, Dorocidaris, 16 ciryi, Periaster, 109 cladothrix, Stylocidaris reini, var., 18 clarcki, Prenaster, 109 clarki, Astrodapsis, 70 clarki, Diadema, 21 clarki, Loriolia, 29 clarki, Pauropygus, 54 clarki, Pericosmus, 103 clarkii, Chondrocidaris, 12 clavata, Eucidaris, 16 clavata, Silurocidaris, 6 clericii, Procassidulus, 86 Clitopygus, 76 basseae, 76 cantrainei, 76 moutieri, 76 Clitopygus (Dactyloclypeus), 75 Cluniaster, 52 rhenanus, 52 Clypeaster, 55-60, 71 abruptus, 56 aciculatus, 56 aegyptiacus var. syrticus, 56 aichinoi, 56 annandalei caviventer, 56 blumenthali, 55 borgesi, 56 brevipetalus, 55 brodermanni, 57 calzadai, 58 canimarensis, 55 cermenatii, 56 cerullii, 56 chesheri, 55 chiapasensis, 55 cipollae, 56 concavus puertoricanus, 56 cortesei, 56 crassus, 56 cremai, 56 cyclopilus, 55 dalpiazi, 57 defiorei, 56 densus, 57 egregius var. dallonii, 56 elevatus, 57 elongatus, 55 epianthus, 56 euclastus, 55 eurychorius, 55 eurychorus, 55 eurypetalus, 55 jranchii, 56 gabbii, 71 garganicus, 57 gregoryi, 56 guadalupense, 57 guillermi, 57 henjamensis, 56 hernandezi, 57, 59 herrerae, 57 insignis var. distincta, 57 insignis var. robusta, 57 japonicus alta, 55 japonicus plana, 55 julii, 56 kemencensis, 56 kugleri, 56, 57 lamegoi, 56 latirostris var. prolata, 57 libycus, 56 lopezriosi, 58 malumbangensis, 56 maribonensis, 57 marinanus, 57 marquerensis, 56 maulwarensis, 56 micropetalus, 55 millosevichi, 57 tniniaceus, 55 minihagali, 56 moianensis, 58 mombasanus, 56 moronensis, 57 mutellensis var. italica, 56 novaresei, 57 Okinawa, 56 oliveirai, 55 oshimensis, 55 ovatus, 57 palmeri, 57 patae, 57 paulinoi, 56 pileus, 57 pinarensis, 57 planus, 57 polygonalis, 57 portentosus var. turriculata, 56 profundus, 57, 58 pulchellus, 56 reidii var. campanulata, 57 reidii var. notha, 57 revellei, 56 romani, 56 saipanicus, 56 sanchezi, 57 sandovali, 58 sanrafaelensis, 58 subdepressus lobatus, 55 tariccoi, 57 tavanii, 57 tenuicoronae, 58 topilanus, 57 trevisani, 57 tumescens, 57 tyrrenicus, 56 vasatensis, 57 zamboninii, 56 Clypeaster (Coronanthus), 58 artilesi, 58 pateriformis, 58 Clypeaster (Orthanthus), 59 aloysioi, 59 durandi, 59 Clypeaster (Platyclypeina), 59 subcrustulum, 59 Clypeaster (Rhaphidoclypus), 59 armadilloensis, 59 fervens var. hiradicus, 59 reticulatus var. sundaicus, 59 Clypeaster (Stolonoclypus), 59, 60 lutkeni, 59 nummus, 60 Clypeasteridae, 55 Clypeasterina, 55 Clypeasteroida, 55 clypeata, Goniocidaris, 9 clypeatulus, Holaster, 91 Clypeidae, 75 Clypeobrissus, 75 somaliensis, 75 Clypeolampadidae, 86 Clypeolampas, 86 toroensis, 86 Clypeopygus, 77 bulgaricus, 77 dallonii, 77 damujiensis, 77 habanensis, 77 Clypeus, 75 rostellus, 75 wylliei, 75 clypeus, Hardouinia, 83 cocosi, Encope, 72 Codiopsis, 35 doma var. conicus, 35 douvillei, 36 fontei, 36 pierrensis, 36 sellardsi, 36 senessei, 36 stephensoni, 36 Coelopleurus, 36 aldrichi, 35 carolinensis, 36 castroi, 36 granulatus, 36 melitensis, 36 paucituberculatus, 36 singularis, 36 undulatus, 36 NUMBER 34 155 undulatus var. polymorphous, 36 undulatus var. ruber, 36 vittatus, 36 coelus, Idiobryssus, 116 Coenholectypus, 49 Coenopedina, 22, 23 capensis, 22 depressa, 22 superba, 23 cojimarensis, Cidaris, 14 cojimarensis, Echinolampas, 79 cojimarensis, Leiocidaris, 13 cojimarensis, Schizaster, 104 collignoni, Brissopatagus, 112 collignoni, Gomphechinus, 34 collignoni, Oligopygus, 53 collignoni, Opechinus, 41 collignoni, Pseudocidaris, 28 Collyrites, 89 segestina, 89 tuarkyrensis, 89 Collyrites (Cardiopelta), 89 bicordata var. baltica, 89 bicordata primitiva, 89 capistrata mut. antecedens, 89 Collyritidae, 89 Collyritinae, 89 Collyropsis, 90 Collyropsis (Collyropsis), 90 carinata, 90 Collyropsis (Procollyropsis), 90 colombianus, Arnaudaster, 82 colsoni, Oligopygus, 53 comalensis, Orthopsis, 47 complanatus, Pygurus (Pygurus), 76 Compsocidaris, 11 pyrsacantha, 11 compta, Lenicyamidia, 63 compta, Menocidaris, 18 concava, Peronella orbicularis, var. 65 concavus, Echinolampas, 79 conceptionis, Coronanthus, 58 conceptionis, Paralampas, 86 conceptionis, Phymosoma, 30 concinna, Pisolampas, 125 conica, Scutellina, 63 conicus, Codiopsis doma, var. 35 conicus, Pygorhynchus, 78 conicus, Spatagoides striatoradiatus, var., 92 connectens, Echinocardium, 122 connorsi, Miocidaris, 6 Conoclypeus, 52, 53 besairiei, 52 boncevi, 52 pilgrimi, 53 pinfoldi, 53 sanctispiritensis, 53 zuarthi, 53 Conoclypidae, 52 Conoclypina, 52 Conoclypus, 52, 53 dallonii, 52 gotshevi, 53 larnberti, 53 westraliensis, 52 conoidea, Conulus subrotundus, var., 51 conoideus, Catopygus conformis, var., 77 Conolampas, 82 diomedeae, 82 malayana, 82 murrayana, 82 consolationis, Echinolampas, 78 contracta, Notocidaris platyacantha, var., 8 Conulidae, 51 Conulus, 51 campaniformis, 51 castaneus var. plana, 51 castaneus var. rhotomagensis, 51 chiapasensis, 51 chiesai, 51 cubensis, 51 ellipticus var. rostrata, 51 grauensis, 51 matesovi, 51 mullerriedi, 51 parravanoi, 51 praenuntius, 51 rhotomagensis var. elevatus, 51 sanfilippoi, 51 stephensoni, 51 subrotundus var. conoidea, 51 subrotundus var. subglobosa, 51 tradis, 51 zinai, 51 convergens, Echinocyamus, 61 convexa, Sismondia, 66 convexus, Oolopygus, 77 convexus, Pauropygus, 54 cookei, Anisopetalus, 85 cooperi, Lepidechinus, 4 coosensis, Scutella, 68 Coptechinus lineatus, 41 Coptopleura, 38 sema, 38 coralloides, Eucidaris, 16 Coraster, 95 ansaltensis, 95 caucasicus, 95 cubanicus, 95 deleaui, 95 frechi, 95 manuelitae, 95 vilanovae var. alapliensis, 95 coravium, Micraster, 110 Cordastrum, subgenus, 124 cordata, Breynia, 122 cordata, Maretia, 121 cordatus, Pericosmus, 102 cordiformis, Ornithaster, 102 cordis, Eupatagus, 114 Corechinus, 95 pulaviensis, 95 coreyi, Lytechinus, 44 cornueli, Tetragramma, 30 corona, Goniocidaris, 8 Coronanthus, 58 conceptionis, 58 coronata, Cidaris dorsata, var., 15 coronensis, Triadocidaris, 7 corralesi, Eurhodia, 87 corrali, Amblypneustes, 39 corsicanus, Hypsoheteroclypus plagioso- mus, 81 cortesei, Clypeaster, 56 Corthya, 90 ambayraci, 90 cosibensis, Brissopsis luzonica, 113 costaricensis, Plagiobrissus, 118 costaricensis, Schizaster, 103 costulatus, Rhaphidoclypus, 59 costuliformis, Oligopygus, 53 cottaldi, Polysalenia, 25 Cottaldia, 22 rotula, 22 Cotteaudia, 36 royoi, 36 cotteaui, Prospatangus, 120 cotteaui, Rhabdocidaris, 11 Cottreaucorys, 124 Cottreaucorys (Cordastrum), 124 sulcatus, 124 cottreaui, Crotoclypeus, 75 cottreaui, Leiocidaris, 13 cottreaui, Magnosia, 37 cottreaui, Megacidaris, 12 cottreaui, Pygurus, 75 cottreaui, Rachiosoma, 32 cottreaui, Rispolia, 93 cottreaui, Salenia, 26 couffoni, Stirechinus minor, var., 46 coutini, Goniopygus, 36 cowleyi, Archaeocidaris, 5 coxwellense, Plagiochasma, 77 cracoviensis, Micraster (Paramicraster), 111 craniolaris, Fibidaria, 61 cranium, Hemiaster, 99 crassa, Goniocidaris, 8 crassispina, Histocidaris, 7 crassispinum, Sperosoma, 20 crassus, Clypeaster, 56 crassus, Hesperaster, 59 crassus, Lytechnius, 44 Cravenechinidae, 5 Cravenechinus, 5 uniserialis, 5 cravenensis, Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) carolinensis, var., 78 156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY cremai, Clypeaster, 56 cremai, Echinobrissus, 76 crenulata, Acrocidaris, 29 crenulata, Arbacia, 35 crenulata, Cidaris, 15 crenulatus, Echinocyamus, 61 cretacica, Diplopodia, 29 cretacica, Linthia, 108 Crinocidaris, 48 unicus, 48 Crotoclypeus, 75 cottreaui, 75 Crucibrissus, 100 abichi, 100 cabrerai, 100 crucijerus, Ananchytes, 55 crustula, Sismondia, 66 Cryptechinus, 39 Ctenocidarinae, 7 Ctenocidaris, 7 polyplax, 7 cubae, Peronella, 65 cubae, Scutella, 67 Cubanaster, 66 acunai gigas, 66 camagueyensis, 66 herrerai, 66 planipetalum, 66 santanae, 66 cubanicus. Coraster, 95 cubanum, Laganum, 64 cubanus, Goniopygus, 36 cubanus, Pericosmus, 103 cubensis, Asterostoma, 124 cubensis, Breynia, 125 cubensis, Cassidulus, 84 cubensis, Conulus, 51 cubensis, Echinobrissus, 76 cubensis, Echinocorys ovatus, var., 91 cubensis, Echinolampas hemisphericus, var., 79 cubensis, Echinopedina, 23 cubensis, Oligopygus, 53 cubitabellae, Paraster, 105 cucumifera, Cidaris, 18 cudmorei, Gillechinus, 116 cudmorei, Stereocidaris, 10 culter, Radiolus, 48 curasavica, Oligopygus, 53 curator, Pentedium, 60 curmaturi, Miocidaris, 6 curriae, Plesiolampas, 82 curvidens, Abatus, 106 curuus, Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus), 119 cuspidata, Cidaris trigona, var., 15 cutleri, Astrodapsis, 70 cuvillieri, Brissoides, 115 cuvillieri, Echinolampas, 79 cuvillieri, Egyptechinus, 33 Cyamidia, 61 paucipora, 61 Cyathocidaris, 16 septemtrionalis, 16 Cyclaster, 113, 114 brodermanni, 113 brunnichi, 114 drewryensis, 114 jeanneti, 114 pfenderae, 114 pygmeus, 114 recens, 113 regalis, 113 sanchezi, 114 sterea, 113 cyclius, Ammotrophus, 60 cyclopilus, Clypeaster, 55 cylindrica, Haimea, 54 cylindricus, Pauropygus, 54 Cylindrolampas, 80 Cypholampas, 80 Cyphosoma, 31 palaestinense, 31 riograndensis var. parahybensis, 31 sanctaeluciae, 31 cyphostomus, Echinocyamus, 62 Cypriotes, Heterobrissus, 123 cyrenaica, Agassizia, 106 cyrenaica, Fibularia, 61 cyrenaicus, Echinolampas hemisphericus, var., 78 Cyrtechinus, 43 Cytrocidaris, subgenus, 9 tenuispina var. major, 9 tenuispina var. tuberculata, 9 Cyrtoma, 83 herscheliana, 83 Dactyloclypeus, 75 dagestanensis, Galeaster, 92 daguini, Echinolampas, 79 daguini, Medocechinus, 37 daguini, Pygaster, 24 daguini, Stomechinus, 33 dainellii, Brissoides, 115 dainellii, Globator, 52 dainellii, Linthia, 108 dainellii, Psammechinus, 45 dallonii, Amphiope, 73 dallonii, Clypeaster egregius, var., 56 dallonii, Clypeopygus, 77 dallonii, Conoclypus, 52 dallonii, Disaster, 90 dalpiazi, Clypeaster, 57 damesi, Brissus, 112 damiani, Schizobrissus, 118 damujiensis, Clypeopygus, 77 danei, Isomicraster, 97 danica, Salenidia, 26 danica, Typocidaris, 11 daniensis, Echinocorys pustulosus, 92 danubiensis, Heteraster, 96 daradensis, Brissoides, 115 darderi, Balanocidaris, 16 darderi, Echinocorys, 91 darderi, Linthia, 108 darderi, Pseudopyrina, 52 dartoni, Epiaster, 97 davisi, Astrodapsis, 70 Deakia, subgenus, 117 armadilloensis, 117 debilis, Eremopyga, 21 debilis, Pourtalesia, 94 decaryi, Brissopneustes, 111 deciper, Cardiaster, 91 decoratus, Holectypus, 49 defectus, Eupatagus, 115 defilippii, Pseudocidaris, 28 defiorei, Clypeaster, 56 deftorei, llarionia, 88 deleaui, Coraster, 95 delectus, Cassidulus, 83 delgadoi, Pericosmus, 102 delgadoi, Paraster, 105 Delocidaris, 9 delorenzoi, Echinolampas, 78 delorenzoi, Schizaster, 104 demolyi, Psammechinus, 45 demujiensis, Dorocidaris, 16 Dendraster, 68 casseli, 68 elsmerensis, 68 excentricus var. elongatus, 68 gibbsii var. mirus, 68 granti, 68 laevis, 68 mexicanus, 68 rugosus, 68 vizcainoensis, 68 vizcainoensis similaris, 68 Dendraster (Calaster), 68 oregonensis gibbosus, 68 Dendrasteridae, 68 dendroides, Discoidea, 50 Deneechinus, 3 tenuispinus, 3 deneensis, Fournier echinus, 2 denisonensis, Macraster, 98 densus, Clypeaster, 57 denticulata, Dicyclocidaris, 6, 7 denticulata, Histocidaris, 7 dentifer, Sterechinus, 46 depressa, Coenopedina, 22 depressa, Linthia mortenseni, var. 108 depressa, Moiropsis, 109 depressus, Amblypygus, 55 depressus, Antillaster, 122 depressus, Jacksonaster, 65 depressus, Mauritanaster, 117 depressus, Megapatagus, 115 NUMBER 34 157 depressus, Micraster, 110 depressus, Spatagoides striatoradiatus, var., 92 depsangensis, Globator, 52 derasmoi, Opissaster, 101 Dermechinus, 45 desaixi, Astrodapsis, 70 deserti, Cidaris (Balanocidaris), 16 deserticus, Echinolampas (Hypsoclypus), 80 desioi, Brissopneustes, 111 desioi, Dicoptella, 43 desioi, Gaultieria, 116 desioi, Linthia, 108 desioi, Psammechinus, 45 Desmechinus, 39 desori, Micraster, 110 desori, Rhabdocidaris, 11 despujolsi, Dubarechinus, 48 despujolsi, Hemiaster, 98 destefanii, Stereocidaris, 10 Devonocidaris, 4 dumoni, 4 hacquaerti, 4 jacksoni, 4 primaevus, 4 thomasi, 4 Devriesia, 96 Diadema, 21 clarki, 21 palmeri, 21 principeana, 21 vetus, 21 Diadematacea, 19, 47 Diadematidae, 21 Diadematoida, 21 Diademopsis, 23 behtensis, 23 dickersoni, Asterostoma, 122 dickersoni, Laganum, 64 Dicoptella, 42, 43 agassizi var. elevata, 42 agassizi var. tenuis, 42 desioi, 43 javana, 42 leupoldi, 42 promensis, 43 tobleri, 43 Dicoptella (Paradicoptella), 43 rutteni, 43 Dicoptella (Pseudodicoptella), 42 reicheli, 42 Dictyopleurus, 37 douvillei, 37 duncani, 37 Dicyclocidaris, 6 denticulata, 6 dilatatum, Asthenosoma, 20 dilatatus, Pliolampas, 87 dimota, Pygorhytis ovalis, var., 89 diomedeae, Caenopedina, 22 diomedeae, Conolampas, 82 diomedeae, Plesiozonus, 124 diomedeae, Spatangus, 120 Diplechinus, 33 hebbriensis, 33 Diplocidaridae, 19 Diplocidaris, 19 besairiei, 19 bicarinata, 19 dubari, 19 mauritanicus, 19 menchikoffi, 19 romani, 19 Diplodetus (Protobrissus), 114 Diplopodia, 29 balkhanensis, 29 balkhanensis var. aberans, 29 cretacica, 29 elegans, 29 gentili, 29 gigantea, 29 gileadensis, 29 inexspectata, 29 kultchitskyi, 29 langei, 29 renngarteni, 29 vasilievskyi, 29 Diplopor aster, 107 barbatus, 107 Diplosalenia, 47 Disaster, 90 dallonii, 90 platypygus, 90 Disasteridae, 90 Disasteroida, 89 Discocidaris, subgenus, 9 hirsutispinus, 9 peltata, 9 Discoidea, 50 dendroides, 50 dixoni, 50 karakaschi, 50 minima var. inferior, 50 Discoides, 50 dubertreti, 50 menchikoffi, 50 neglectus, 50 philocrania, 50 rahbergensis, 50 Discoididae, 50 Distefanaster, 100 pygmeus, 100 distincta, Clypeaster insignis, var., 57 Ditremaster, 100 granosus, 100 olbrechtsi, 100 dixie, Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus), 119 dixie, Phymosoma, 30, 31 Dixieus, 31 dixoni, Discoidea, 50 dixoni, Hyattechinus, 3 Dixonia, 50 djakonovi, Strongylocentrotus, 46 djiddensis, Echinoconus, 52 doederleini, Lovenia, 121 doederleini, Pleurechinus, 41 dolosus, Hypselaster, 105 doma, Hypsoheteroclypus, 81 Domechinus, 82 teixeirai, 82 Donbassechinus, 4, 5 kumpani, 5 Dorocidaris, 15-Yl basseae, 15 besairiei, 16 bitakensis, 16 ciryi, 16 demujiensis, 16 exilis, 15 eybrunnensis, 16 garciai, 16 henjamensis, 15 lorioli, 15 madrugensis, 16 molineti, 15 panamensis, 17 taouzensis, 16 urcustensis, 16 Douvillaster, 96 hourcqi, 96 douvillei, Amblypygus, 55 douvillei, Codiopsis, 35 douvillei, Dictyopleurus, 37 douvillei, Echinocorys, 94 douvillei, Stenonaster, 94 drewryensis, Cyclaster, 114 dubaleni, Cidaris, 14 dubaleni, Echinolampas, 79 Dubarechinus, 48 despujolsi, 48 termieri, 48 dubarensis, Fibularia, 61 dubari, Diplocidaris, 19 dubari, Hypodiadema, 29 dubari, Miocidaris, 6 dubari, Pseudocidaris, 28 dubari, Thylechinus, 33 dubertreti, Discoides, 50 dubia, Metalia, 118 dubius, Macropneustes, 117 dumblei, Schizaster, 104 dumoni, Devonocidaris, 4 duncani, Cidaris, 14 duncani, Dictyopleurus, 37 duncani, Phyllacanthus, 12 Duperieria, 50 duperieri, Brissus, 111 durandi, Clypeaster (Orthanthus), 59 158 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Durhamella, 66 durhami, Neolaganum, 66 durhami, Sandiegoaster, 112 duroensis, Schizaster (Paraster), 105 dussumieri, Salmacis, 42 duvergieri, Prionechinus, 41 dux, Salenia, 26 dyeri, Polytaxicidaris, 6 dyscritum, Laganum, 64 dyscritus, Eupatagus, 114 dyscritus, Macropneustes, 116 dyscritus, Schizaster, 104 eccentripora, Faujasia, 82 Echanthus, 87, 88 georgiensis, 88 echevarriai, Procassidulus, 86 Echinacea, 24, 47 Echinanthus, 89 basseae, 89 neuvillei, 89 pumilus var. abiadensis, 89 reguanti, 89 varnensis, 89 Echinarachniidae, 69 Echinarachnius, 69, 71 alaskensis, 69 blancoensis var. etheringtoni, 69 brevis, 69 gabbii kleinpelli, 69, 71 griseus, 69 humilis, 69 kewi, 69 minoensis, 69 naganoensis, 69 parma var. sakhalinensis, 69 rumoensis, 69 subtumidus, 69 tenuis, 71 Echinarachnius (Echinarachnius), 69 laganolithinus, 69 microthyroides, 69 Echinarachnius (Kewia), 71 elongatus, 71 parvus, 71 Echinarachnius (Scaphechinus), 68 raritalis, 68 Echinidae, 45 Echinobrissus, 76 chirakhanensis, 76 cremai, 76 cubensis, 76 franchii, 76 hierosolymitanus, 76 malwaensis, 76 pilensis, 77 rajnathi, 76 Echinocardium, 122 connectens, 122 fenauxi, 122 keiense, 122 Echinoconus, 52 djiddensis, 52 Echinocorys, 91, 92, 94 belgicus var. pruvosti, 91 darderi, 91 douvillei, 94 edhemi, 91 gravesi var. rossiensis, 91 katsharavai, 91 lamberti, 91 legindensis, 91 mamontoffi, 91 obliquus assymetrica, 91 obliquus lata, 91 obliquus var. recta, 91 ogormani, 91 ovatus var. cubensis, 91 ovatus villarensis, 91 pentagonalis, 91 pustulosus daniensis, 92 renngarteni, 92 semiglobosus, 91 sulcatus hannae, 91 sumbaricus, 92 tenuituberculatus var. madagascarien- sis, 92 yoloensis, 92 Echinocrinus, 5 jacksoni, 5 remotus, 5 Echinocyamus, 60, 61, 62 apicatus, 61 avilensis, 62 basseae, 62 bisexus, 62 caribbeanensis, 62 chipolanus, 62 convergens, 61 crenulatus, 61 cyphostomus, 62 cyphostomus var. sulcata, 62 grandis, 62 jacqueti, 62 jeanneti, 62 kamrupensis, 62 lipparinii, 62 macneili, 62 maropiensis, 62 parviporus, 62 petalus, 62 planissimus, 62 planus, 62 prostratus, 62 rostratus, 62 scaber var. subconicus, 62 schoelleri, 62 subpiriformis, 62 terminalis, 62 woodi, 62 Echinocyphus (Zeugopleurus) glanovien- sis, 43 Echinocystitidae, 2 Echinocystitoida, 2 Echinodiscus, 65, 73 auritus var. siamensis, 73 chikuzenensis, 73 ginauensis, 73 rostratus, 65 transiens, 73 Echinogalerus, 55 bochotnicensis, 55 Ehinoida, 45 Echinoidea, 1 Echinolampadidae, 78 Echinolarnpas, 54, 78 -82 africanus var. tanofrei, 79 alexandri var. forcipulata, 78 alexandri var. sibogae, 78 altissima, 79 anceps var. inftata, 79 anceps var. planipetala, 79 atascaderensis, 79 atrophus podolicus, 78 barcensis, 79 bombos, 79 bothriopygoides, 79 brachytona, 79 camagueyensis, 79 caranoi, 79 chiesai, 79 cojimarensis, 79 concavus, 79 consolationis, 78 cuvillieri, 79 daguini, 79 delorenzoi, 78 dubaleni, 79 ellipsoidalis var. chalossensis, 79 elongata, 79 faujasia, 82 gignouxi, 80 hanguensis, 80 hemisphericus var. bardiensis, 78 hemisphericus var. cubensis, 79 hemisphericus var. cyrenaicus, 78 hungarica, 78 jacqueti, 79 koreana, 78 lamberti, 80 macrostoma, 79 madurensis, 78 marcaisi, 79 marioi, 79 menchikoffi, 79 mestrei, 78 migiurtinus, 80 migliorinii, 80 NUMBER 34 159 munozi, 79 neuvillei, 80 nuevitasensis, 79 omanensis, 78 ovumserpentis, 54 paraensis, 78 paragoga, 79 parvula, 80 percrassus, 78 peyroti, 78 rhodiensis, 80 rollandi, 79 rombellipsoidalis, 79 santaclarae, 79 sternopetala, 81 strongyla, 79 umbella, 79 vadaszi, 78 valettei, 80 venzoi, 80 visedoi, 79 woodi, 78 woodringi, 78 Echinolampas (Cylindrolampas), 80 migliorinii, 80 rhodiensis, 80 sandiegensis, 80 Echinolampas (Cypholampas), 80 eocenicus, 80 subnucleus, 80 Echinolampas (Heteroclypeus), 78 hungaricus, 78 Echinolampas (Hypsoclypus), 80 checchiai, 80 deserticus, 80 Echinolampas (Isolampas), 80 cavaionensis, 80 garciai, 80 globulossus, 80 Echinolampas (Macrolampas), 81 gigas, 81 Echinolampas (Progonolampas), 81 moronensis, 81 tenuipetalum, 81 torrense, 81 Echinolampas (Psammolampas), 81 kugleri, 81 Echinometra, 46 hondoana, 46 Echinometridae, 46 Echinoneidae, 50 Echinoneina, 50 Echinoneus, 50 abruptus, 50 burgeri, 50 robustus, 50 rojasi, 50 sanchezi, 50 tenuipetalum, 50 Echinopedina cubensis, 23 Echinopsis, 37 friryi, 37 jacqueti, 37 Echinopygus, 76 checchiai, 76 Echinopygus (Zeuglopleurus), 43 glanoviensis, 43 Echinosoma, 20 australe, 20 Echinostrephus, 46 formosus, 46 saipanicum, 46 Echinothuriidae, 19 Echinothuriinae, 19 Echinothurioida, 19 Echinotiara, 33 arabica, 33 perebaskinei, 33 somaliensis, 33 echinulata, Psilocidaris, 9 Echinus, 45 atlanticus var. helenae, 45 gracilis, 45 horridus, 45 multidentatus, 45 stenoporus, 45 ecki, Cidaris, 15 Ectinechinus, 3 lamonti, 3 ecuadorensis, Encope, 72 edhemi, Echinocorys, 91 effluens, Stylocidaris, 17 Egyptechinus, 33 cuvillieri, 33 eichwaldi, Bothriocidaris, 1 eichwaldi, Scutella, 67 elaboratus, Cidaris (Vernius), 48 elbana, Eurhodia, 87 eldridgei, Laganum, 66 elegans, Asterechinus, 39 elegans, Diplopodia, 29 elegans, Hyattechinus, 3 elegans, Rumphia, 65, 66 elevata, Brissopsis persica, var, 112 elevata, Dicoptella agassizi, var., 42 elevata, Maretia, 120 elevatum, Astrodapsis, 70 elevatus, Anomalanthus, 58 elevatus, Clypeaster, 57 elevatus, Conulus rhotomagensis, var., 51 elevatus, Micraster, 110 elevatus, Paleopneustes, 124 elevatus, Pauropygus, 54 elevatus, Plagiobrissus, 119 elevatus, Pliolampas (Tristomanthus), 88 elevatus, Pseudodiadema, 28 elevatus, Spatagoides striatoradiatus, var., 92 Ellipsechinus, 46 palmeri, 46 ellipticus, Anisopetalus, 85 ellipticus, Tarphypygus, 63 elongata, Echinolampas, 79 elongata, Martinosigra, 92 elongata, Palaeolampas, 79 elongata, Scutellina (Eoscutum) orien¬ tals, var., 62 elongatus, Clypeaster, 55 elongatus, Dendraster excentricus, var., 68 elongatus, Echinarachnius (Kewia), 71 elongatus, Oligopygus, 53 elongatus, Palaeolampas, 81 elongatus, Prenaster, 110 elsmerensis, Dendraster, 68 emergens, Astrodapsis brewerianus, var., 70 emmonsi, Cassidulus, 84 Enallaster, 96 roscheni, 96 transiens, 96 yuasensis, 96 Encope, 72, 73 angelensis, 72 arcensis, 72 carmenensis, 72 chaneyi, 73 cocosi, 72 ecuadorensis, 72 fragilis, 72 grandis inezana, 72 homala, 72 insularis, 72 irregularis, 72 kugleri, 73 laevis, 72 loretoensis, 73 macrophora tamiamiensis, 72 micropora var. borealis, 72 micropora galapagensis, 72 michelini imperforata, 72 perspectiva jonesi, 72 peruviana, 73 scrippsae, 73 secoensis, 72 shepherdi, 72 sverdrupi, 73 vonderschmitti, 73 wetmorei, 72 wiedenmayeri, 73 Encope (Melitella), 73 falconensis, 73 engerrandi, Holectypus, 49 engerrandi, Pedinopsis, 29 englishi, Astrodapsis, 70 enissalensis, Cidaris, 14 enodatus, Saviniaster, 110 Eoagassizia, 106 alta, 106 eocenica, Pedina, 22 160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY eocenicus, Echinolampas (Cypholampas), 80 Eodiadema, 21, 32 lacostei, 2i thorali, 21 Eoglyptocidaris, 31 eopneustes, Schizaster, 104 Eoscutella, 68 Eoscutellidae, 68 Eoscutum, 62 Eothuria, 3 beggi, 3 Eothuriidae, 3 epianthus, Clypeaster, 56 Epiaster, 96, 97 africanus, 97 alpinus, 97 angolensis, 97 besairiei, 97 blanckenhorni, 97 boipebensis, 97 caranoi, 97 carvalhoi, 97 chiapasensis, 97 dartoni, 97 fourtaui, 97 jeanneti, 97 migliorinii, 97 mortenseni, 97 ovalis, 97 pulcher, 97 renfroae, 97 somaliensis, 97 somaliensis var. rotundata, 97 toxasteroides, 97 trauthi, 97 variabilis, 97 equaepetala, Laganum, 64 Erbechinus, 39 er&z, 39 gratus, 39 erfcz, Erbechinus, 39 erfez', Javanechinus, 39 Eremopyga, 21 debilis, 21 ericsoni, Cassidulus, 84 erythraeus, Paras ter, 105 estenozi, Antillaster, 123 estenozi, Maretia, 121 etheringtoni, Echinarachnius blancoensis, var., 69 Eucidaris, 16 australiae, 16 clavata, 16 coralloides, 16 strobilata, 16 strombilata felli, 16 tribuloides ajricana f. attenuata, 16 euclastus, Clypeaster, 55 Euechinoidea, 19 Eupatagus, 114, 115 alatus, 115 attenuatus, 115 brodermanni, 115 calistoides, 115 caobaense, 115 casanovai, 115 cordis, 114 defectus, 115 dyscritus, 114 gadilhei, 115 haburiensis, 115 hildae, 115 hollisi, 114 ingens, 115 longipetalus, 115 marianensis, 114 mexicanus, 114 nipponicus, 114 rubellus, 114 siboneyensis, 115 stevensi, 115 turibacoensis, 115 Eupatagus (Brissopatagus), 112 alabamensis, 112 avilensis, 112 georgianus, 112 primus, 112 Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus), 116 brevipetalum, 116 rogasi, 116 venturillae, 116 zanolettii, 116 Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus), 119 curvus, 119 dixie, 119 gardnerae, 119 herrerae, 119 ocalanus, 119 santanae, 119 Eupatagus (Spatangomorpha), 119 pinarensis, 119 Eupholidocidaris, 2 belli, 2 brightoni, 2 Eurhodia, 87 corralesi, 87 elbana, 87 falconensis, 87 freneixae, 87 morrisi var. salsensis, 87 Eurocidaris, 8 nutrix var. longispina, 8 rugosa, 8 eurychorius, Clypeaster, 55 eurychorus, Clypeaster, 55 Eurypatagus, subgenus, 124 grandiporus, 124 ovalis, 124 Eurypetalum, 82 eurypetalus, Clypeaster, 55 Eurysa/enia, 24 minima, 24 Euspatangus, 115 rogeri, 115 eustatii. Paras ter, 105 evanescens, Brissopsis, 112 Evechinus, 46 palatus, 46 evergladensis, Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus), 85 excavata, Fibularia, 61 excavata, Stereocidaris, 10 excavatus, Schizaster, 103 excentrica, Pliolampas lorioli, var., 87 excentricus, Microcyphus, 40 exilis, Dorocidaris, 15 expansus, Antillaster, 123 eybrunnensis, Dorocidaris, 16 eysdenensis, Micraster (Isopneustes), 111 faasi, Isomicraster, 97 faberi, Cassidulus, 84 faberi, Medocechinus, 37 falconensis, Encope (Melitella), 73 falconensis, Eurhodia, 87 falgarsensis, Typocidaris, 11 family uncertain, 4, 19, 22, 23, 35, 44, 52, 55, 74, 95, 124 Faorina, 107 farafrensis, Porocidaris, 13 farallonensis, Fibularia, 61 farquharsoni, Opissaster, 101 Farquharsonia, 23 somaliensis, 23 fasciata, Schizocidaris, 9 Faujasia, 82 araripensis, 82 chelonium, 82 eccentripora, 82 praeacutus, 82 rancheriana, 82 transversus, 82 faujasia, Echinolampas, 82 Faujasiidae, 82 fecundus, Brissoides, 115 Fellaster, 60 felli, Eucidaris strombilata, 16 fenauxi, Echinocardium, 122 feralis, Holaster, 90 fermori, Brissopsis, 113 Fernandezaster, 116 mortenseni, 116 fernandezi, Pseudoasterostoma, 124 fernandezi, Schizaster (Schizaster), 105 feruglioi, Holaster, 90 festuca, Radiolus, 48 Fibularia, 60, 61, 63 abrardi, 61 acuta, 63 NUMBER 34 161 africana, 61 alabamensis, 61 barbadosensis, 61 cimex, 61 craniolaris, 61 cyrenaica, 61 dubarensis, 61 excavata, 61 farallonensis, 61 jacksoni, 61 junior, 61 minuta, 61 plateia, 61 rhedeni, 61 sadeki, 61 sandalina, 61 scrobiculata, 61 sulcata, 61 Fibularia (Fibulariella), 63 angulipora, 63 oblonga var. ambonensis, 63 Fibulariella, 63 Fibulariidae, 60 Firmacidaris, 48 neumayri, 48 fischeri, Macropneustes, 118 fisheri, Scrippsechinus, 124 flemingi, Pseudechinus, 42 flexuosa, Agassizia, 106 floralanus, Psammechinus, 45 floridana, Scutella, 67 floridanus, Periarchus lyelli, 67 floridiensis, Schizaster (Paraster), 105 flosculus, Notolampas, 125 fontei, Codiopsis, 35 fontis, Cassidulus (Galerolampas), 85 jorcipulata, Echinolampas alexandri, var., 78 forcipulatus, Phyllacanthus, 12 formosa, Histocidaris, 7 formosa, Lepidesthes, 2 formosum, Laganum joubini, var., 64 formosus, Echinostrephus, 46 fosteri, Stereocidaris, 10 fothiensis, Prospatangus, 120 Fournier echinus, 2 deneensis, 2 fourtaui, Epiaster, 97 fourtaui, Hemiaster, 99 foutatoroensis, Gagaria, 44 fragilis, Astrodapsis gregerseni, var., 70 fragilis, Encope, 72 fragilis, Strongylocentrotus, 47 fraiponti, Perischodomus, 4 franchii, Clypeaster, 56 franchii, Echinobrissus, 76 franciscanus, Megapatagus, 115 frangibilis, Meoma, 117 fraxinensis, Archaeocidaris, 5 frechi. Coraster, 95 freneixae, Eurhodia, 87 friryi, Echinopsis, 37 fuentesi, Hypsoclypus, 80 funginus, Radiolus, 48 fusana, Stereocidaris grandis, 10 fusca, Lissocidaris, 17 fusispina, Stylocidaris, 18 fusus, Radiolus, 48 gabbii, Clypeaster, 71 gabrieli, Toxaster, 96 gadiana, Peronella lesueuri, var., 65 gadilhei, Eupatagus, 115 Gagaria, 44 foutatoroensis, 44 galapagensis, Encope micropora, 72 Galeaster, 92 carinatus, 92 dagestanensis, 92 muntshiensis, 92 galei, Astrodapsis, 70 Galeola, 92 papillosa basiplana, 92 Galeraster, 51 terkosensis, 51 Galerites, 52 Galeritidae, 52 Galerolampas, 85 murardi, 85 Galeropygidae, 74 Galeropygoida, 74 Galeropygus, 74 marcoui var. recincta, 74 welschi, 74 galhauseni, Bothryopneustes, 75 gallagheri, Nucleopygus, 84 gambierensis, Phyllacanthus duncani, 12 gananensis, Acrosalenia, 24 gappi, Micraster, 110 garciai, Dorocidaris, 16 garciai, Echinolampas (Isolampas), 80 garciai, Linthia, 108 gardensis, Pericosmus, 102 gardnerae, Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus), 119 garganicus, Clypeaster, 57 garumnensis, Salenia, 26 Gaultieria, 116 desioi, 116 gauthieri, Jacksonaster, 64 gauthieri, Palaeodiadema, 22 Gauthieria, 31 parva, 31 sadeki, 31 geayi, Nucleopygus, 84 geayi, Proraster, 110 gemellaroi, Hemiaster, 99 gemmiferum, Hapalosoma, 20 geneffensis, Histocidaris, 7 Genocidaris, 40 incerta, 40 splendens, 40 gentili, Diplopodia, 29 Gentilia, 83 chouberti, 83 syriensis, 83 georgianus, Eupatagus (Brissopatagus), 112 georgicus, Seunaster, 93 georgiensis, Echanthus, 88 gerthi, Pygaster, 23 gerthi, Schizaster, 104 giarabubensis, Tretodiscus fuchsi, var., 73 gibba, Linthia, 108 gibbosus, Dendraster (Calaster) oregonen- sis, 68 gibbosus, Somalechinus, 98 gigantae, Lovenia, 121 gigantea, Austrocidaris, 8 gigantea, Bunactis sanchezi, 58 gigantea, Diplopodia, 29 gigantea, Haimea, 54 gigantea, Phymosoma, 30 gigantea, Zanolettia, 60 giganteum, Tetragramma, 30 giganteus, Antillaster, 122 giganteus, Hemipneustes striatoradiatus, var., 92 giganteus, Laticlypus, 75 giganteus, Pericosmus, 102 gigas, Anomalanthus, 58 gigas, Brissus, 111 gigas, Cubanaster acunai, 66 gigas, Echinolampas (Macrolampas), 81 gigas, Schizaster, 104 gignouxi, Echinolampas, 80 gignouxi, Spherotiaris, 28 gileadensis, Diplopodia, 29 Gillechinus, 116 cudmorei, 116 gilletae, Cidaris, 15 ginauensis, Echinodiscus, 73 Gitolampopsis, 87 Gitolampas, 87, 89 lamberti, 87 sendaica, 87 zuffardii, 87 glanoviensis, Echinocyphus (Zeugopleu- rus), 43 glenni, Brissus, 111 glenni, Spatangus, 120 gliberti, Procassidulus, 86 Globator, 51, 52 dainellii, 52 depsangensis, 52 ravni, 52 vaughani, 52 globosus, Cassidulus (Paralampas), 86 globosus, Psephechinus, 34 globulosa, Haimea, 54 globulossus, Echinolampas (Isolampas), 80 162 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY globulosns, Hemiaster, 98 globulus, Noetlingaster, 34 globulus, Palaeechinus, 4 G/ossaster, 84 welschi, 84 Glyphocyphidae, 37 Glypticus, 36 buxtorp, 36 Glyptocidaris, 31 crenularis stenozona, 31 Glyptocidaris (Eoglyptocidaris), 31 arctina, 31 Gnathostomata, 49, 125 godeffroyi, Microcyphus maculatus, var., 40 gomezmazae, Macropneustes, 117 Gomphechinus, 34 collignoni, 34 gongilensis, Micropedina olisiponensis, var., 23 Gongrochanus, 83 Goniocidarinae, 8 Goniocidaris, 8 alba, 8, 9 australiae, 8 balinensis, 8 clypeata, 9 corona, 8 crassa, 8 habanensis, 9 hebe, 8 holguinensis, 8 impressa, 8 indica, 8 magi, 8 mortenseni, 8 murrayensis, 8 praecipua, 8 prunispinosa, 9 pusilla, 9 sibogae, 8 spinosa, 8 tubaria, 9 tubaria hallettensis, 8 Goniocidaris (Aspidocidaris), 9 Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris), 9 tenuispina, 9 tenuispina major, 9 tenuispina tuberculata, 9 Goniocidaris (Discocidaris), 9 peltata, 9 Goniodiadema, 21 mauritiense, 21 Goniophorus, 26 scotti, 26 whitneyi, 26 Goniopygus, 36 ameri, 36 atavus, 37 bolaensis, 37 coutini, 36 cubanus, 36 jeanneti, 36 lamberti, 36 lemoinei, 36 madrugensis, 36 royoi, 37 sanchezi, 36 stocktonensis, 37 supremus, 37 zitteli telostocensis, 37 Goniopygus (Tetragoniopygus), 37 Gonzalezaster, 124 gonzalezi, Catopygus (Oolopygus), 77 gonzalezmunozi, Hemiaster, 99 gonzalezmunozi, Linthia, 109 gordoni, Lovenechinus, 4 gortanii, Gymnocidaris, 27 gortanii, Pseudocidaris, 28 gosseleti, Parasalenia, 47 Gotlandechinus, 5 balticus, 5 gotshevi, Conoclypus, 53 goudkoffi, Astrodapsis, 70 Gracilechinus, 45 gracilis. Echinus, 45 Grammechinus, 40 meridionalis, 40 grandior, Stereocidaris jaekeli, var., 10 grandiporus, Eurypatagus, 124 grandis, Anametalia, 112 grandis, Echinocyamus, 62 grandis, Lepidesthes, 2 grandis, Paracentrotus, 45 grangeri, Pseudodiadema, 28 granosus, Ditremaster, 100 granti, Dendraster, 68 grantii, Mellita, 72 granularis, Graphepleurus, 40 granularis, Stereocidaris, 10 granulatus, Coelopleurus, 36 granulosa, Plegiocidaris babeaui, var., 18 Graphepleurus, 40 granularis, 40 gratus, Erbechinus, 39 grauensis, Conulus, 51 grayae, Aulechinus, 3 gregalis, Isomicraster, 97 gregerseni, Astrodapsis, 70 gregoryi, Anomalanthus, 56 gregoryi, Clypeaster, 56 gregoryi, Hemicidaris (Hypodiadema), 29 gregoryi, Pericosmus, 95, 103 griegii, Sarsiaster, 101 griseus, Echinarachnius, 69 guadalupense, Anomalanthus, 58 guadalupense, Clypeaster, 57 guadalupense, Leiosoma, 35 guanensis, Agassizia, 106 guevarai, Antillaster, 123 guevarai, Lajanaster, 116 guillermi, Clypeaster, 57 guirensis, Schizaster, 103 Gymnechinus, 43 abnormalis, 43 pallidus, 43 Gymnocidaris, 27 gortanii, 27 lamberti, 27 madagascariensis, 27 pustulosa var. nuda, 27 Gymnopatagus, subgenus, 116 gymnozona, Cidaris, 14 haasti, Prionocidaris, 14 habanensis, Brissoides, 114 habanensis, Brissoma, 113 habanensis, Clypeopygus, 77 habanensis, Goniocidaris, 9 habanensis, Procassidulus, 86 habanensis, Pseudoasterostoma, 124 habanensis, Schizaster, 103 habanensis, Scutella, 67 haburiensis, Eupatagus, 115 hacquaerti, Devonocidaris, 4 hagenowi, Salenia, 25 Hagenowia, 92 blackmorei, 92 infulasteroides, 92 Haimea, 54 camagueyana, 54 cylindrica, 54 gigantea, 54 globulosa, 54 hernandezi, 54 pentagona, 54 pusilla, 54 subcylindrica, 54 truncata, 54 hallettensis, Goniocidaris tubaria, 8 hancockensis, Pyrina, 51 hanguensis, Echinolampas, 80 hannae, Echinocorys sulcatus, 91 hannai, Paleoechinoneus, 50 hanoverensis, Linthia, 108 Hapalosoma, 20 gemmiferum, 20 Hardouinia, 83 clypeus, 83 mcglameryae, 83 potosiensis, 83 stetsoni, 83 waagei, 83 hargeisensis, Linthia, 108 hathirae, Pseudopygurus, 75 hawaiiense, Aspidodiadema, 22 hawaiiensis, Lamprechinus sculptus, var., 40 hawaiiensis, Lovenia, 121 hawaiiensis, Stereocidaris, 10 NUMBER 34 163 hawkinsi, Hemiaster, 98 hawkinsi, Plesiechinus, 24 hawkinsi, Salenia, 25 hebbriensis, Diplechinus, 33 hebbriensis, Menopygus, 125 hebe, Goniocidaris, 8 Hebertia, 37, 38 calvachei, 38 jacksoni, 38 pentagona, 38 simplex, 38 heckeri, Melonechinus, 4 heimei, Linthia, 108 helenae, Echinus atlanticus, var., 45 Heliocidaris, 46 erythrogiamma var. parvispina, 46 ludbrookae, 46 Helodiadema, 22 helviorum, Plegiocidaris, 17 Hemiaster, 95-100, 107 amelianus, 99 amurensis, 99 arcolensis, 99 balboi, 99 barthouxi, 99 batalleri, 99 benhurensis, 99 besairiei, 99 catandubensis, 99 cedroensis, 99 cenomanensis, 99 cranium, 99 despujolsi, 98 digonus var. kohaticus, 98 fourtaui, 99 gemellaroi, 99 globulosus, 98 gonzalezmunozi, 99 hawkinsi, 98 heteropneustes, 99 holombitatus, 99 hourcqi, 100 integer, 99 jacksoni, 99 jacobi, 99 judinkensis, 99 labriei, 99 lamberti, 99 latesulcatus, 99 madagascariensis, 99 madagascariensis var. nana, 99 madrugensis, 99 moscovensis, 98 mutabilis, 99 narindensis, 99 oldhami, 99 oliveirai, 99 parallelus, 99 paronai, 99 pseudoanticus, 99 reineckei, 100 rioupanemensis, 99 sabinal, 99 sanctisebastiani, 99 schoelleri, 99 siboneyensis, 99 sphericus, 99 stejaninii, 100 stoliczkai, 99 teilhardi, 100 tuber, 107 tubillensis, 100 uwajimensis, 100 vistulensis, 99 zululandensis, 100 Hemiaster (Alacraster), 98 cascajalensis, 98 Hemiaster (Mecaster), 100 chirakhanensis, 100 Hemiaster (Trachyaster), 100 Hemiasteriadae, 98 Hemiasterina, 98 Hemicentrotus, 47 Hemicidaridae, 27 Hemicidaris, 27 bihinensis, 27 castillionensis, 27 crenularis var. alta, 27 crenularis var. major, 27 jaisalmerensis, 27 luciensis var. hourcqi, 27 luciensis oolithicus, 27 palmirensis, 27 pilleti, 27 sundancensis, 27 termieri, 27 tithonica, 27 villadai, 27 Hemicidaris (Hypodiadema), 29 gregoryi, 29 macfadyeni, 29 Hemicidaroida, 27 Hemidiadema, 38 mortenseni, 38 Hemifaorina, 107 Hemimaretia, 120 Hemipatagus, 121 bandaensis, 121 cartagensis, 121 Hemipedina, 23, 31, 32 abreusense, 23 parvula, 31, 32 taurica, 23 Hemipedina (Phalacropedina), 23 somaliensis, 23 Hemiphormosoma, 20 paucispinum, 20 Hemipneustes, 92, 93 nicklesi, 93 perrieri, 93 sardanyolae, 93 striatoradiatus var. giganteus, 92 zuffardii, 92 hemisphaericus, Noetlingaster, 34 hemispinosa, Cidaris, 14 henjamensis, Clypeaster, 56 henjamensis, Dorocidaris, 15 henrici, Termieria, 88 hentyi, Irenechinus, 40 herbichi, Radiolus, 48 herbornensis, Meekechinus, 3 herklotzi, Jacksonaster, 64 her?nitei, Holaster, 90 Hernandezaster, 100 hernandezi, 100 hernandezi, Clypeaster, 57, 59 hernandezi, Haimea, 54 hernandezi, Hernandezaster, 100 hernandezi, Lajanaster, 116 herrerae, Antillaster, 122 herrerae, Clypeaster, 57 herrerae, Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus), 119 herrerae, Herreraster, 116 herrerae, Opissaster, 101 herrerae, Tholeopelta, 60 herrerae, Zanolettiaster, 116 herrerai, Cubanaster, 66 herrerai, Oligopygus, 53 herrerai, Palmeraster, 98 Herrerasia, 58 Herreraster, 116 herrerae, 116 herricki, Leniechinus, 63 herscheliana, Cyrtoma, 83 hertleini, Astrodapsis, 70 herupensis, Tylocidaris pomifer, 19 hescheleri, Miocidaris (Serpianotiaris), 24 Hesperaster, 59 arachnoides, 59 crassus, 59 Hesperocidaris, 17 asteriscus, 17 houstoniana, 17 hesperus, Pseudechinus, 41 Hessotiara, 27 zuberi, 27 Heteraster, 96 adkinsi, 96 aguilerai, 96 alencasterae, 96 cesarensis, 96 checchiai, 96 danubiensis, 96 mattaueri, 96 musandamensis, 96 nexilis, 96 Heterobrissus, 123 Cypriotes, 123 Heternclypeus, 81 wiedenmayeri, 81 164 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Heterodiadema, 21, 29 libyca var. asiatica, 27 libycum var. nigeriense, 27 ornatum, 29 heteropneustes, Hemiaster, 99 Heterosalenia, 24 alloiteaui, 24 suatensis, 24 hexagonalis, Schizaster, 104 hians, Holectypus, 49 hierosolymitanus, Echinobrissus, 76 hildae, Eupatagus, 115 hilli, Cardiaster, 91 hiradicus, Clypeaster (Raphidoclypus) fer- vens, var., 59 hirsutispinus, Cidaris (Discocidaris), 9 hirsutus, Lissospatangus, 116 hispida, Stereocidaris, 10 Histocidarinae, 7 Histocidaris, 7 acutispina, 7 australiae, 7 carinata, 7 crassispina, 7 denticulata, 7 formosa, 7 geneffensis, 7 magnified, 7 mckayi, 7 nuttingi, 7 oranensis, 7 recurvata, 7 hlinnensis, Trachyaster, 100 hobarthi, Scutella, 67 Holaster, 90, 91 clypeatulus, 91 feralis, 90 (eruglioi, 90 hermitei, 90 lerichei, 91 lorioli, 90 marinellii, 90 mortenseni, 91 vanhoepeni, 91 Holaster (Labrotaxis), 93 cantianus, 93 Holasteridae, 90 Holasteroida, 89, 94 Holcopneustes, 100, 101 narindensis, 101 obtritus, 101 pomeyroli, 100 Holectypidae, 49 Holectypina, 49 Holectypoida, 49 Holectypus, 49 adkinsi, 49 almeidae, 49 boschmai, 49 bullardi, 49 decoratus, 49 engerrandi, 49 hians, 49 hondoensis, 49 khamirensis, 49 larteti var. major, 49 leuthardti, 49 montalvensis, 49 ova t us, 49 parvus, 49 subpentagonalis, 49 Holectypus (Caenholectypus), 49 macrostomus, 49 nanus, 49 Holectypus (Coenholectypus), 49 peridoneus, 49 planatus aponensis, 49 holguinensis, Goniocidaris, 8 holguinensis, Hypsoclypus, 80 hollandi, Linthia, 108 hollisi, Eupatagus, 114 holmani, Paleopneustes, 123 holoambitatus, Hemiaster, 99 homala, Encope, 72 Homalocidaris, 8 Homoeopetalus, 125 axiologus, 125 Homolampas, 122 lovenioides, 122 hondoana, Echinometra, 46 hondoensis, Holectypus, 49 hondoensis, Rachiosoma, 32 hondoensis, Salenia, 25 honorinae, Cidaris, 19 hootsi, Astrodapsis, 70 hopstatteri, Rhenechinus, 2 horridus. Echinus, 45 houdardi, Tithonia, 90 houreqi, Douvillaster, 96 houreqi, Hemiaster, 100 houreqi, Hemicidaris luciensis, 27 houreqi, Mokotibaster, 98 houreqi, Plesiopatagus, 119 houreqi, Polycyphus, 34 houreqi, Pseudopyrina, 52 houreqi, Tetragramma, 30 houstoniana, Hesperocidaris, 17 howsei, Lepidesthes, 2 hudspethensis, Stereocidaris, 10 huguenini, Plegiocidaris, 17 humei, Schizaster, 104 humei, Thylechinus, 33 humilior, Psammechinus, 39 humilis, Echinarachnius, 69 hunanensis, Lovenechinus, 4 hungarica, Echinolampas, 78 hungarica, Triplacidia, 43 hungaricus, Echinolampas (Heterocly- peus), 78 hungaricus, Radiocyphus, 38 hunti, Lepidechinoides, 3 hunti, Schizaster (Paraster), 106 hutchinsoni, Stereocidaris, 10 hyatorina, Stereocidaris grandis, var., 10 Hyattechinus, 3 dixoni, 3 elegans, 3 laudoni, 3 toreumaticus, 3 Hyboclypus, 74 schlumbergeri, 74 hyperocus, Paraster, 105 Hypodiadema, 29 dubari, 29 Hyposalenia, 26 Hypselaster, 105 a (finis, 105 dolosus, 105 per plexus, 105 hypselus, Oligopygus, 53 Hypsoclypus, 80 fuentesi, 80 holguinensis, 80 lamberti, 80 Hypsoheteroclypeus, 81 Hypsoheteroclypus, 81 doma, 81 plagiosomus corsicanus, 81 vicinoconoideus, 81 hystrix, Calveria, 20 ibericus, Palhemiaster, 101 ibizaensis, Macraster, 98 ichnusae, Stolonoclypus, 60 Idiobryssus, 116 coelus, 116 llarionia, 88 defiorei, 88 jeanneti, 88 sindensis madagascariensis, 88 immanis, Archaeocidaris, 5 impensus, Phyllacanthus clarkii, 12 imperforata, Encope michelini, 72 impressa, Goniocidaris, 8 impressa, Stereocidaris tubifera, var., 10 impressus, Printechinus, 41 impressus, Temnopleurus hardwickii, var., 38 incerta, Genocidaris, 40 incertus, Stolonoclypus, 60 inconstans, Periaster, 109 incrassata, Salenocidaris, 26 indica, Goniocidaris, 8 indica, Salenocidaris miliaris, var., 26 indica, Trigonocidaris, 43 indicum, Araeosoma coriaceum, var., 19 indicum, Laganum fudsiyama, var., 64 indolensis, Protobrissus, 114 inermis, Stereocidaris, 10 NUMBER 34 165 inexspectata, Diplopodia, 29 inezana, Encope giandis, 72 inferior, Discoidea minima, var., 50 infidus, Cassidulus, 83 inflata, Echinolampas anceps, var., 79 inflata, Pauropygus meunieri, var., 54 inflatus, Catopygus, 77 inflatus, Pliotoxaster, 96 infulasteroides, Hagenowia, 92 ingens, Abatus, 106 ingens, Eupatagus, 115 inornata, Microcyphus javanus, var., 40 insular is, Encope, 72 integer, Hemiaster, 99 intermedia, Salenia, 25 intermedium, Asthenosoma, 20 intermedins, Pseudoastrodapsis, 71 intricata, Stereocidaris, 10 iranicus, Temnopleurus, 38 Irenechinus, 40 hentyi, 40 irregularis, Asterostoma, 122 irregularis, Catopygus, 77 irregularis, Encope, 72 irregularis, Phyllacanthus, 12 isabellae, Astrodapsis, 70 hmidaster, 93 toulai, 93 isnardi, Cidaris, 14 Isolampas, 80 Isomicraster, 97 brueti, 97 danei, 97 faasi, 97 gregalis, 97 mexicanus, 97 rossi, 97 Isopatagus, 97 obovatus, 97 Isopneustes, 111 israelskyi, Astrodapsis, 69 israelskyi, Lenita, 63 israelskyi, Pericosmus, 102 istrianus, Arachniopleurus, 37 italica, Clypeaster mutellensis, var., 56 Jacksonaster, 64 -66 acunai, 65 acunai var. nuevitasensis, 65 depressus, 65 gauthieri, 64 herklotzi, 64 remediensis, 65 sanchezi, 65, 66 sandiegensis, 65 torrei, 65, 66 Jacksonechinus, 2 andrewi, 2 jacksoni, Devonocidaris, 4 jacksoni, Echinocrinus, 5 jacksoni, Fibularia, 61 jacksoni, Hebertia, 38 jacksoni, Hemiaster, 99 jacksoni, Lovenechinus, 4 jacksotii, Schizobrissus, 117 jacobi, Hemiaster, 99 jacobi, Magnosia, 37 jacobi, Plegiociclaris, 18 jacqueti, Echinocyamus, 62 jacqueti, Echinolampas, 79 jacqueti, Echinopsis, 37 Jacquiertia, 31, 32 minuta, 32 jaekeli, Stereocidaris, 10 jagueyanus, Pygurus (Echinopygus), 76 jaisalmerensis, Hemicidaris, 27 jamaicensis, Metalia, 118 jamaicensis, Oligopygus, 53 jamaicensis, Victoriaster, 103 jandrainensis, Oolopygus, 77 japonica, Balanocidaris, 16 japonica, Brissopsis, 113 japonica, Peronella, 65 japonicus, Allocentrotus, 47 japonicus, Palmeraster, 98 japonicus, Washitaster, 101 jarlii, Brissopsis, 112 jaumei, Antillaster, 122 javana, Dicoptella, 42 Javanechinus, 39 erbi, 39 rembangensis, 39 javanensis, Chelonechinus, 94 javanus, Microcyphus, 40 javanus, Pliolampas (Tristomanthus), 88 javanus, Printechinus, 41 jeanneti, Atlasaster, 22 jeanneti, Catopygus, 77 jeanneti, Cyclaster, 114 jeanneti, Echinocyamus, 62 jeanneti, Epiaster, 97 jeanneti, Goniopygus, 36 jeanneti, Ilarionia, 88 jeanneti, Pachycidaris, 7 jeanneti, Paracidaris, 17 jeanneti, Prenaster, 109 jeanneti, Procassidulus, 86 jeanneti, Schizaster, 103 Jeannetia, 34 mortenseni, 34 Jeronia pyrenaica, 94 jesusmariae, Botriopygus, 78 joaquinensis, Polydiadema, 30 johnsoni, Astrodapsis, 70 joleaudi, Pygaster, 24 jonesi, Encope perspectiva, 72 jonkeri, Cidaris, 15 judinkensis, Hemiaster, 99 jugulata, Cidaris dorsata, var., 15 julii, Clypeaster, 56 junior, Astrodapsis brewerianus, var., 70 junior, Fibularia, 61 kahleri, Porosoma, 32 kailensis, Nucleopygus, 84 kalizkyi, Scutellina (Eoscutum) orientalis, var., 62 karnimura, Peronella, 65 kamrupensis, Echinocyamus, 62 kanakoffi, Mellita, 72 kansasense, Salenia, 26 karakachi, Leiocidaris, 13 karakachi, Polydiadema, 30 karakachi, Salenidia, 26 karakarensis, Schizaster (Paraster), 105 karakaschi, Discoidea, 50 Karlas ter, 71 pirabensis, 71 katsliaravai, Echinocorys, 91 kawaguchii, Sinaechinus, 107 keiense, Aspidodiadema meijerei, var., 22 keiense, Chaetodiadema, 21 keiense, Echinocardium, 122 keiense, Laganum dickersoni, var., 64 keiensis, Microcyphus, 40 keiensis, Pericosmus, 102 keiensis, Peronella, 65 kelleri, Cardiaster, 91 kellersi, Zenocentrotus, 46 kellumi, Cassidulus, 84 kemencensis, Clypeaster, 56 kentensis, Macraster, 98 kewi, Abertella, 74 kewi, Astrodapsis, 69 kewi, Brissus, 111 kewi, Echinarachnius, 69 kewi, Periarchus, 67 kewi, Schizobrissus, 118 kewi, Scutaster vaquerosensis, var., 74 Kewia, 71 minuta, 71 ugoensis, 71 khamirensis, Holectypus, 49 Kierechinus, 21 kimberi, Phyllacanthus irregularis, 12 kinasaensis, Schizaster, 103 Kionocidaris, 17 striata, 17 striata var. teretispina, 17 kisombyensis, Rhabdocidaris, 11 Kleinia, 113 pulchra, 113 kleinpelli, Echinarachnius gabbii, 69, 71 kloosi, Peronella, 65 kohaticus, Hemiaster digonus, var., 98 koreana, Echinolampas, 78 krimica, Rachiosoma, 32 kselensis, Pseudodiadema, 28 kuchkaensis, Plegiocidaris, 17 kugleri, Clypeaster, 56, 57 166 kugleri, Echinolampas (Psammolampas), 81 kugleri, Encope, 73 kugleri, Oligopygus, 53 kugleri, Opissaster, 101 kuhni, Periaster, 109 kultchitskyi, Diplopodia, 29 kumpani, Dotibassechinus, 5 labriei, Amphiope, 73 labriei, Hemiaster, 99 Labrotaxis, 93 lachesis, Moira, 109 lacostei, Eodiadema, 21 ladronensis, Sismondia javana, 66 laevis, Dendraster, 68 laevis, Encope, 72 laevis, Oligopygus floridanus, var., 53 laevis, Prionocidaris bispinosa, var., 13 laevispina, Stylocidaris, 18 laffitei, Toxaster, 96 Laganidae, 64 Laganina, 60 laganolithinus, Echinarachnius (Echinara- chnius), 69 Laganum, 64, 66 archerensis, 66 boninense, 64 boschi, 64 centrale, 64 cubanum, 64 depressum var. alienum, 64 depressum var. tenue, 64 dickersoni, 64 dickersoni var. keiense, 64 dyscritum, 64 eldridgei, 66 equaepetala, 64 fudsiyama var. africanum, 64 fudsiyama var. indicum, 64 fudsiyama takunagai, 64 fudsiyama untenensis, 64 joubini var. formosum, 64 lamberti, 64 leptum, 64 mirabile, 64 ocalanum, 64, 66 pachycraspedum, 64 santanae, 64 lagorgettei, Paracidaris, 17 Lajanaster, 116 guevarai, 116 hernandezi, 116 jacksoni var. minor, 116 rojasi, 116 venturillae, 116 lajasensis, Brissoides, 114 lambayensis, Procassidulus, 86 lamberti, Agassizia, 106 lamberti, Antillaster, 122 SMITHSONIAN lamberti, Botriopygus, 78 lamberti, Brissoides (Eupatagus), 115 lamberti, Conoclypus, 53 lamberti, Echinocorys, 91 lamberti, Echinolampas, 80 lamberti, Gitolampas, 87 lamberti, Goniopygus, 36 lamberti, Gymnocidaris, 27 lamberti, Hemiaster, 99 lamberti, Hypsoclypus, 80 lamberti, Laganum, 64 lamberti, Lampadaster, 93 lamberti, Lutetiaster, 109 lamberti, Noetlingaster, 34 lamberti, Nudobrissus, 124, 125 lamberti, Opechinus (Pseudopechinus), 41 lamberti, Orchoporus, 68 lamberti, Paratinanthus, 59 lamberti, Peronella, 65 lamberti, Plagiobrissus, 118 lamberti, Plegiocidaris, 17 lamberti, Porosoma, 32 lamberti, Salenia, 25 lamberti, Seunaster, 94 lamberti, Stigmatopygus, 83 lamberti, Victoriaster, 103 Lambertona, subgenus, 103 lamegoi, Clypeaster, 56 lamellata, Stereocidaris sceptriferoides, var., 10 lamonti, Ectinechinus, 3 Lampadaster, 93 lamberti, 93 lampassiformis, Pygurus, 75 Lamprechinus, 40 sculptus, 40 sculptus var. hawaiiensis, 40 lanceolata, Stereocidaris sceptriferoides, var., 10 langeensis, Stegopygus, 75 langei, Diplopodia, 29 Lanieria, 50 uvaldana, 50 Lanternarius, 19 latens, 19 lasti, Brissus, 111 lastroensis, Salenia similis, 26 lata, Echinocorys obliquus, 91 lata, Mellita, 72 lata, Seunaster georgicus, var., 94 latens, Lanternarius, 19 latesulcatus, Hemiaster, 99 latiambulacra, Mellita, 72 Laticlypus, 75 giganteus, 75 latidunensis, Temnopleurus, 38 latidunensis, Brissus, 111 latior, Micraster (Paramicraster), 111 latior, Stereocidaris jaekeli, var., 10 latipetala, Pauropygus meunieri, var., 54 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY latissima, Metalia, 118 latus, Pauropygus, 54 latus, Plagiobrissus, 119 laudoni, Hyattechinus, 3 lazicus, Seunaster, 94 leanderensis, Salenia, 26 leckivycki, Pseudocidaris, 28 Lefortia, 83 trojana, 83 Lefortia (Procassidulus), 86 barrabei, 86 legindensis, Echinocorys, 91 lehmani, Stigmatopygus, 83 Leiocidaris, 13 cojimarensis, 13 cottreaui, 13 karakachi, 13 leoni, 13 madrugensis, 13 mortenseni, 13 rollieri, 13 sanflippoi, 13 spinidentatus, 13 stefaninii, 13 thiebaudi, 13 tobleri, 13 tripolitana, 13 Leiopedina, 23 cienagensis, 23 Leiosoma, 35 chondra, 35 guadalupense, 35 Leiostomaster, 102 bosei, 102 lemoinei, Goniopygus, 36 lemoinei, Plegiocidaris, 17 lemoinei, Stomechinus, 33 Lenicyamidia, 63 compta, 63 Leniechinus, 63 herricki, 63 Lenita, 63 israelskyi, 63 lenneanus, Lepidocentrus, 3 Lenticidaris, 7 utahensis, 7 leognanensis, Scutella, 67 leonensis, Cardiaster, 91 leoni, Leiocidaris, 13 Lepidechinoides, 3, 4 hunti, 3 whitnalli, 4 Lepidechinus, 4 belgicus, 4 cooperi, 4 Lepidesthes, 2 alta, 2 formosa, 2 grandis, 2 howsei, 2 NUMBER 34 167 martini, 2 warrenensis, 2 Lepidesthidae, 2 Lepidocentridae, 3 Lepidocentrus, 3 lenneanus, 3 mammillatus, 3 thomasi, 3 Lepidocidaris, 6 squamosa var. anglica, 6 lepidus, Paleopneustes, 123 lepiosorum, Schizaster, 104 Leptarbacia, 30 andreui, 30 leptum, Laganum, 64 lerichei, Holaster, 91 lethe, Moira, 109 leupoldi, Dicoptella, 42 leuthardti, Holectypus, 49 Leviechinus, 95 levis, Pseudocidaris, 28 libycus, Clypeaster, 56 lineata, Prionocidaris baculosa, var., 13 lineatus, Coptechinus, 41 lineatus, Ortholophus, 41 Linopneustes, 123 brachype talus, 123 Linthia, 107 -109 aguayoi, 108 alta, 108 arabica, 108 atolladosae, 108 avilensis, 108 balboi, 108 boreasteria, 108 brodermanni, 108 bulgarica, 108 caraibensis, 108 cretacica, 108 dainellii, 108 darderi, 108 desioi, 108 garciai, 108 gibba, 108 gonzalezmunozi, 109 hanoverensis, 108 hargeisensis, 108 heimei, 108 hollandi, 108 maverickensis, 108 mortenseni, 108 mortenseni var. depressa, 108 mullerriedi, 109 obesa, 107 praenipponica, 108 pseudoglobalis, 108 rolandi, 108 somaliensis, 108 sudanensis var. brevipetala, 108 suitensis, 108 taiwanensis, 107 trechmanni, 108 yessoensis, 108 Linthia (Lutetiaster), 109 lipparinii, Echinocyamus, 62 lirata, Polytaxicidaris, 6 Lissocidaris, 17 fuse a, 17 Lissospatangus, 116 hirsutus, 116 llagunoi, Schizaster, 104 lobatus, Clypeaster subdepressus, 55 lobosa, Salenia, 25 longicollis, Stylocidaris, 18 longipetalus, Eupatagus, 115 longispina, Cidaris, 15 longispina, Eurocidaris nutrix, var., 8 longispina, Strongylocentrotus interme¬ dins, f., 46 lopezi, Porocidaris, 13 lopezriosi, Clypeaster, 58 loppei, Paracidaris, 17 loretoensis, Encope, 73 lorioli, Archiacia, 83 lorioli, Dorocidaris, 15 lorioli, Holaster, 90 lorioli, Opechinus (Pseudopechinus), 41 Loriolia, 28, 29 clarki, 29 inaequalis var. bathonica, 29 rosana, 29 lourdinensis, Pygaster, 24 Lovenechinus, 4 gordoni, 4 hunanensis, 4 jacksoni, 4 Lovenia, 89, 121, 122 alabamensis, 121 baixadoleitensis, 89, 122 doederleini, 121 doederleini var. acuminata, 121 gigantae, 121 hawaiiensis, 121 macrotuberculata, 121 mexicana, 121 minihagali, 121 mortenseni, 121 similis, 121 Loveniidae, 121 Lovenilampas, 89, 122 lovenioides, Homolampas, 122 lovenioides, Megapetalus, 123 luacesi, Procassidulus, 86 ludbrookae, Heliocidaris, 46 lummaui, Brissopatagus, 112 lungauensis, Triadocidaris, 7 Lutetiaster, 109 lamberti, 109 maccagnoi, 109 lutkeni, Clypeaster (Stolonoclypus), 59 Lytechinus, 43, 44 coreyi, 44 crassus, 44 milleri, 44 Okinawa, 44 thieryi, 43 variegatus var. pallida, 43 variegatus plurituberculatus, 43 williamsi, 43 maastrichtensis, Winkleria, 33 mabahissae, Cidaris, 14 macari, Rhynchopygus, 85 maccagnoi, Lutetiaster, 109 maefadyeni, Brightonia, 95 maejadyeni, Hemicidaris (Hypodiadema), 29 macneili, Echinocyamus, 62 macneili, Tylocidaris, 19 Macraster, 97, 98 denisonensis, 98 ibizaensis, 98 kentensis, 98 meghilensis, 98 obesus, 98 obtritus, 98 pseudoelegans, 98 roberti var. ovatus, 98 solitariensis, 98 triangularis, 97 macroholcus, Washitaster, 98 Macrolampas, 81 macropetalus, Rhynobrissus, 119 Macropneustes, 116-120 altus, 117 angustus, 117 brodermanni, 117 carolinensis, 120 dubius, 117 dyscritus, 116 fischeri, 118 gomezmazae, 117 parvus, 117 rochi, 117 sinuosus, 117 stenopetalus, 117 trevisani, 117 Macropneustes (Deakia), 117 macrostoma, Echinolampas, 79 macrostomus, Holectypus (Caenholecty - pus), 49 macrotuberculata, Lovenia, 121 maculosa, Stylocidaris, 18 madagascariensis, Echinocorys tenuitu- berculatus, var., 92 madagascariensis, Gymnocidaris, 27 madagascariensis, Hemiaster, 99 madagascariensis, llarionia sindensis, 88 madagascariensis, Pedina, 22 madrugensis, Dorocidaris, 16 168 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY madrugensis, Goniopygus, 36 madrugensis, Hemiaster, 99 madrugensis, Leiocidaris, 13 madrugensis, Procassidulus (Australan- thus), 82 madurae, Opechinus, 41 madurensis, Echinolampas, 78 magi, Goniocidaris, 8 magistrus, Strongylocentrotus, 47 magna, Cidaris, 15 magnei, Rhyncholampas, 85 magnicornicolus, Stomechinus, 33 magnifica, Astropyga, 21 magnifica, Histocidaris, 7 magniftcus, Pericosmus, 102 magnipcus, Tripneustes, 44 magniventer, Somaliaster, 94 Magnosia, 37 cottreaui, 37 jacobi, 37 mortenseni, 37 termieri, 37 magnus, Atelospatangus, 120 mahafalensis, Cidaris, 14 mairei, Stegaster, 93 major, Cyrtocidaris tenuispina, var., 9 major, Hemicidaris crenularis, var., 27 major, Holectypus larteti, var., 49 major, Xenocidaris mariaeburgensis, praemut., 6 majungensis, Cidaris, 14 makiyamai, Brissopsis, 113 malavassii, Plagiobrissus, 118 malayana, Conolampas, 82 malayanus, Centrostephanus asteriscus, var., 21 malayanus, Procassidulus, 86 malindiensis, Prionocidaris, 14 malumbangensis, Clypeaster, 56 malwaensis, Echinobrissus, 76 mammillatus, Lepidocentrus, 3 mamontoffi, Echinocorys, 91 manhailanensis, Archaeocidaris, 5 mansfteldi, Phymotaxis, 34 manuelitae, Coraster, 95 marcaisi, Echinolampas, 79 marci, Schizaster, 104 Maretia, 120 -121 cor data, 121 elevata, 120 estenozi, 121 parvituberculata, 121 mariaeburgensis, Xenocidaris, 6 marianae, Parasalenia, 47 marianensis, Eupalagus, 114 Mariania, 117 euglypha var. brevistella, 117 marianica, Chondrocidaris, 12 maribonensis, Clypeaster, 57 marinanus, Clypeaster, 57 marinellii, Holaster, 90 marioi, Echinolampas, 79 marionis, Notechin us, 42 marizensis, Plegiocidaris, 18 maropiensis, Echinocyamus, 62 marquassuzaai, Valsalenia, 26 marquerensis, Clypeaster, 56 marroquinensis, Mauritanaster, 117 marshalli, Prioriocidaris, 14 marsupialis, Antipneustes, 107 martellii, Spatagoides, 92 Martinechinus, 40 molengraaffi, 40 martini, Lepidesthes, 2 martini, Peronella, 65 Martinosigra, 92 elongata, 92 masoviensis, Tylocidaris pomifer, var., 19 matesovi, Conidus, 51 mathildae, Acrosalenia, 24 mathuri, Salenia, 25 matleyi, Rhynchopygus, 85 mattaueri, Heteraster, 96 mattaueri, Toxaster, 96 maugerii, Periaster, 109 maulwarensis, Clypeaster, 56 Mauritanaster, 117 depressus, 117 marroquinensis, 117 mauritanicus, Diplocidaris, 19 mauritiana, Stylocidaris bracteata, var., 17 mauritianus, Pericosmus, 102 mauritiense, Goniodiadema, 21 maurus, Toxaster, 96 maverickensis, Linthia, 108 maximus, Brisaster, 107 mayri, Rhabdocidaris, 11 mazetieri, Psephechinus, 34 mcglameryae, Boletechinus, 35 mcglameryae, Hardouinia, 83 mckayi, Histocidaris, 7 media, Scutella, 67 mediterraneus. Proraster atavus, var., 110 Medocechinus, 37 castexi, 37 daguini, 37 faberi, 37 Meekechinus, 3 herbornensis, 3 Megacidaris, 12 cottreaui, 12 megaloj)lax, Temnotrema siamense, var., 42 Megalopoda, 3 Megalopodacea, 1, 3 Megapatagus, 115 depressus, 115 jranciscanus, 115 turibacoensis, 115 Me gape talus, 123 lovenioides, 123 meghilensis, Macraster, 98 melanostomus, Pericosmus, 102 melitensis, Coelopleurus, 36 Mellita, 72 aclinensis, 72 grantii, 72 kariakoffi, 72 lata, 72 latiambulacra, 72 notabilis, 72 platensis, 72 quinquiesperforata var. tenuis, 72 Mellitella, 73 Mellitidae, 72 melo, Microcyphus, 40 melo, Pedinopsis, 21 ,29 Melonechinus, 4 chuseni, 4 heckeri, 4 menchikoffi, Diplocidaris, 19 menchikoffi, Discoides, 50 menchikoffi, Echinolampas, 79 Menocidaris, 18 compta, 18 Menopygus, 125 hebbriensis, 125 Meoma, 117 antiqua, 117 cadenati, 117 caobaensis, 117 frangibilis, 117 Meoma (Plethotaenia), 117 Meoma (Schizobrissus), 117 mercedensis, Cassidulus, 84 mercieri, Plegiocidaris, 18 meridionalis, Brissus (Allobrissus), 111 meridionalis, Cidaris cidaris, var., 14 meridionalis, Grammechinus, 40 Merocidaris, 19 Merriamaster, 68 merriami, Palaechinus, 4 merrilli, Peronella, 65 meslei, Cidaris, 14 Mespilia, 40 globulus var. albida, 40 mestieri, Cassidulus, 84 mestrei, Echinolampas, 78 Metacrosalenia, subgenus, 24 pseudocidaroides, 24 Metalia, 118 cartagensis, 118 dubia, 118 jamaicensis, 118 latissima, 118 palmeri, 118 pelagica, 118 waylandi, 118 Metaporinus (Tithonia), 90 NUMBER 34 169 praeconvexa, 90 meurevillensis, Archaeocidaris, 5 mexicana, Lovenia, 121 mexicana, Pyrina, 51 mexicanus, Dendraster, 68 mexicanus, Eupatagus, 114 mexicanus, Isomicraster, 97 micca, Chorocidaris, 11 micra, Porpitella, 63 Micraster, 110 burgiensis, 110 cor avium, 110 depressus, 110 desori, 110 elevatus, 110 gappi, 110 piriformis, 110 subglobosus, 110 trangahyensis, 110 uddeni, 110 vistulensis, 110 Micraster (Isopneustes), 111 eysdenensis, 111 montensis, 111 Micraster (Micraster), 110 bibicensis, 110 schroederi planus, 110 Micraster (Paramicraster), 111 cracoviensis. 111 latior, 111 Micraster (Plesiaster), 119 americanus, 119 Micrasteridae, 110 Micrasterina, 110 Microcyphus, 40 ceylanicus, 40 excentricus, 40 javanus, 40 javanus var. inornata, 40 keiensis, 40 maculatus var. godeffroyi, 40 melo, 40 pulchellus, 40 rousseaui var. purpuratus, 40 Micropedina, 23 olisiponensis var. gongilensis, 23 micropetala, Brissopsis, 112 micropetalus, Clypeaster, 55 micropora, Trigonocidaris, 43 Micropyga, 22 nigra, 22 Micropygidae, 22 microstoma, Acrosalenia, 24 microstoma, Pygaster, 24 microthyroides, Echinarachnius (Echinar- achnius), 69 migiurtina, Migliorinia, 118 migiurtina, Recrosalenia, 25 migiurtinus, Brissoides, 115 migiurtinus, Echinolampas, 80 Migliorinia, 118 migiurtina, 118 migliorinii, Balanocidaris, 16 migliorinii, Brissoides, 115 migliorinii, Echinolampas (Cylindrolam- pas), 80 migliorinii, Echinolampas, 80 migliorinii, Epiaster, 97 migliorinii, Pharaonaster, 118 migliorinii, Pseudocidaris, 28 milleri, Lytechinus, 44 millosevichi, Botriopygus, 78 millosevichi, Clypeaster, 57 millosevichi, Noetlingaster, 34 millosevichi, Toxaster, 95 miniaceus, Clypeaster, 55 Minicidaris, 7 minihagali, 7 jninihagali, Clypeaster, 56 minihagali, Lovenia, 121 minihagali, Minicidaris, 7 minihagali, Schiiaster, 103 minihagali, Strongylocentrotus, 47 minima, Eurysalenia, 24 minoensis, Astriclypeus tnanni, 73 minoensis, Echinarachnius, 69 minor, Lajanaster jacksoni, var., 116 minor, Neobothriocidaris, 2 minuta, Fibularia, 61 minuta, Jacquiertia, 32 minuta, Kewia, 71 minuta, Pseudopyrina, 52 minutus, Brissoides, 114 minutus, Procassidulus, 86 minutus, Trachyaster, 100 miocaenicus, Brissus (Allobrissus), 111 Miocidaridae, 6 Miocidaris, 6 barzaviae, 6 connorsi, 6 curmaturi, 6 dubari, 6 pakistanensis, 6 permica, 6 platyacantha, 6 spinulifera, 6 tenuispina, 6 timorensis, 6 turneri, 6 Miocidaris (Serpianotiaris), 24 hescheleri, 24 mirabile, Laganum, 64 mirabilis, Mirechinus, 44 mirabilis, Spatagobrissus, 119 mirandaensis, Astrodapsis schencki, 70 mirandus, Cidaris, 15 Mirechinus, 44 mirabilis, 44 mirus, Dendraster gibbsii, var., 68 mississippiensis, Catopygus, 77 Mistechinus, subgenus, 33 mitis, Cassidulus, 83 miyazakiensis, Schizaster, 103 moabiticus, Cardiaster, 91 moianensis, Clypeaster, 58 Moira, 109 adamthi, 109 lachesis, 109 lethe, 109 obesa, 109 Moira (Moiropsis), 109 Moiropsis, subgenus, 109 depressa, 109 Mokotibaster, 98 hourcqi, 98 molengraaffi, Martinechinus, 40 molineti, Dorocidaris, 15 mombasanus, Clypeaster, 56 Monophorasteridae, 71 montagnai, Scutella, 67 montalvensis, Holectypus, 49 montanus, Albertechinus, 3 montensis, Micraster (Isopneustes), 111 mooni, Procassidulus, 86 tnoorefieldi, Archaeopneustes, 123 morganensis, Ortholophus, 41 morlini, Schizaster, 103 Moronaster, 123 moronensis, 123 moronensis, Clypeaster, 57 moronensis, Echinolampas (Progono- lampas), 81 moronensis, Moronaster, 123 moronensis, Schizaster, 104 Mortensenaster, 119 barthouxi, 119 mortenseni, Antillaster, 122 mortenseni, Araeosoma, 20 mortenseni, Epiaster, 97 mortenseni, Fernandezaster, 116 mortenseni, Goniocidaris, 8 mortenseni, Hemidiadema, 38 mortenseni, Holaster, 91 mortenseni, Jeannetia, 34 mortenseni, Leiocidaris, 13 mortenseni, Linthia, 108 mortenseni, Lovenia, 121 mortenseni, Magnosia, 37 mortenseni, Oligopodia, 125 mortenseni, Phymosoma, 31 mortenseni, Pyrina, 51 mortenseni, Taimanawa, 120 moscovensis, Hemiaster, 98 mosquensis, Archaeocidaris, 5 mossomi, Agassizia (Anisaster), 106 mossomi, Thylechinus (Gagaria), 44 mossoroensis, Parapygus, 82 motobu, Peronella, 65 moutieri, Clitopygus, 76 mullerriedi, Cidaris, 14 mullerriedi, Conulus, 51 170 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY mullerriedi, Linthia, 109 mullerriedi, Oligopygus, 53 multiconcava, Scutella, 67 multidentatus, Echinus, 45 multiforme, Palaeodiaderna, 21 multipora, Phalacrocidaris japonica, 11 multiporus, Triadechinus, 35 multispinus, Spatangus, 120 multituberculata, Paramaretia, 121 Mundaster, 103 tentugalensis, 103 munozi, Echinolampas, 79 munozi, Schizaster, 104 muntshiensis, Galeaster, 92 murardi, Galerolampas, 85 Murray echinus, 36 murrayana, Conolampas, 82 murrayensis, Asaphechinus, 39 murrayensis, Goniocidaris, 8 musandamensis, Heteraster, 96 mutabilis, Hemiaster, 99 Nacospatangus, 121 naganoensis, Echinarachnius, 69 naganoensis, Sismondia, 65, 69 nalivkini, Scutellina (Eoscutum) orien¬ tals, var., 63 nana, Hemiaster madagascariensis, var., 99 nancei, Oligopygus, 53 Nannolampas, 125 nanus, Holectypus (Caenholectypus), 49 nanus, Stomechinus polyporus, 33 Narindechinus, 32 checchiai, 32 narindensis, Hemiaster, 99 narindensis, Holcopneustes, 101 narindensis, Schizaster, 104 nascaensis, Stereocidaris, 10 nazkii, Turanglaster, 95 neglectus, Discoides, 50 neltneri, Procassidulus, 86 Neobothriocidaris, 2 minor, 2 peculiaris, 2 Neocatopygus, 88 caobaense, 88 Neolaganidae, 66 Neolaganum, 66 durhami, 66 Neolampadidae, 125 Neolampadina, 125 Neolampadoida, 125 Neolampas, 125 tenera, 125 Neopatagus, 88, 125 Neorumphia, 66 nervosa, Spherotiaris rneandrina, var., 28 neumayri, Firmacidaris, 48 neuvillei, Echinanthus, 89 neuvillei, Echinolampas, 80 neuvillei, Psammechinus, 45 newtoni, Psephechinus, 34 nexilis, Heteraster, 96 nicklesi, Hemipneustes, 93 nigeriense, Heterocliadema libycum, var., 27 nigra, Micropyga, 22 nigroalba, Sterechinus neumayeri, var., 46 nigrobrunnea, Prionocidaris bispinosa, var., 14 Niponaster, 71 niponica, Scutella, 67 Nipponaster, 71 nipponica, Salenia, 25 nipponicus, Astrodapsis, 69, 71 nipponicus, Eupatagus, 114 nitidiusculus, Pseudoastrodapsis, 71 nitidus, Centrostephanus, 21 nodosa, Plegiocidaris morierei, var., 18 Noetlingaster, 34 globulus, 34 hemisphaericus, 34 lamberti, 34 millosevichi, 34 sanfilippoi, 34 notabilis, Mellita, 72 notabilis, Polysalenia, 25 notabilis, Tarphypygus, 63 Notechinus, 42 marionis, 42 notha, Clypeaster reidii, var., 57 notium, Temnotrema, 42 Notocidaris, 8 platyacantha var. contracta, 8 remigera, 8 spinosa, 8 vellai, 8 Notolampas, 125 flosculus, 125 novaki, Trematopygus, 77 novaresei, Clypeaster, 57 novemprovincialis, Salenia, 25 novoi, Stegaster, 93 Nucleolites, 76 bakalovi, 76 simpaticus, 76 tornacensis, 76 wilderae, 76 Nudeolitidae, 76 Nucleopygus, 84 atlanticus brevior, 84 gallagheri, 84 geayi, 84 kailensis, 84 lebescontei var. ancegavensis, 84 piveteaui, 84 sanctaluciae, 84 tamarindensis, 84 nuda, Gymnocidaris pustulosa, var., 27 nuda, Salmacis, 42 Nudechinus, 44 ambonensis, 44 ambonensis var. purpurascens, 44 rubripunctatus, 44 scotiopremnus var. australiensis, 44 Nudobrissus, 124 ,125 lamberti, 124, 125 nudum, Araeosoma owstoni, 19 nudus, Tatechinus, 42 nuevitasensis, Echinolampas, 79 nuevitasensis, Jacksonaster acunai, var., 65 nuevitasensis, Prenaster, 109 nuevitasensis, Par aster, 105 nummus, Clypeaster (Stolonoclypus), 60 nunlisti, Paracidaris, 17 nunlisti, Rhabdocidaris, 11 nuptialis, Astropyga, 21 nuragica, Amphiope, 73 nuttingi, Histocidaris, 7 obesa, Linthia, 107 obesa, Moira, 109 obesus, Macraster, 98 obliqua, Brissopsis, 112 oblonga, Peronella, 65 oblonga, Pseudomaretia, 121 oblonga, Scutellina transsylvanica, var., 63 oblongus, Pericosmus, 102 oblongus, Phyllobrissus, 77 obovatus, Isopatagus, 97 obtritus, Holcopneustes, 101 obtritus, Macraster, 98 ocalanum, Laganum, 64, 66 ocalanus, Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus), 119 ocalanus, Psammechinus, 45 ocalanus, Schizaster (Linthia), 108 occidentajis, Apatopygus, 88 occidentalis, Scutella checchiae, var., 67 occlusa, Salenocidaris profundi, var., 26 octoporus, Strongylocentrotus, 47 ogormani, Echinocorys, 91 ohshimai, Psychocidaris, 18 Okinawa, Clypeaster, 56 Okinawa, Lytechinus, 44 Okinawa, Oligopodia, 125 olbrechtsi, Ditremaster, 100 oldhami, Hemiaster, 99 oligocenicus, Agassizia lamberti, var., 106 oligocenicus, Anomalanthus, 58 oligocenicus, Opissaster (Ditremaster), 100 Oligopodia, 125 mortenseni, 125 Okinawa, 125 tapeina, 125 oligoporus, Opechinus (Pseudopechinus) percultus, var., 41 Oligopygidae, 53 NUMBER 34 171 Oligopygus, 53 alvarezi, 53 camagueyensis, 53 christi, 53 circularis, 53 collignoni, 53 colsoni, 53 costuliformis, 53 cubensis, 53 curasavica, 53 elongatus, 53 floridanus var. laevis, 53 herrerai, 53 hypselus, 53 jamaicensis, 53 kugleri, 53 mullerriedi, 53 nancei, 53 ovumserpentis var. baldryi, 53 pinguis, 53 putnami, 53 rotundus, 53 sanchezi, 53 sanjosephi, 53 tuberculatus, 53 zyndeli, 53 olisiponensis var. gongilensis, Micrope- dina, 23 oliveirai, Anisopetalus, 85 oliveirai, Clypeaster, 55 oliveirai, Hemiaster, 99 omanensis, Echinolampas, 78 oolithicus, Hemicidaris luciensis, 27 Oolopygus, 77 convexus, 77 jandrainensis, 77 Oopneustes, subgenus, 124 Opechinus, 40, 41 albus, 40 albus var. virescens, 40 cheribonensis, 41 collignoni, 41 madurae, 41 Opechinus (Pseudopechinus), 41 lamberti, 41 lorioli, 41 percultus var. oligoporus, 41 operta, Austrocidaris, 8 Opissaster, 100 ,101 auraduensis, 101 cantabriae, 101 derasmoi, 101 derasmoi var. angulatus, 101 farquharsoni, 101 herrerae, 101 kugleri, 101 rozieri, 101 somaliensis, 101 Opissaster (Ditremaster), 100 oligocenicus, 100 oranensis, Histocidaris, 7 orbiculata, Scutellina transsylvania, var., 63 Orbignyana, 89 quenstedti, 89 orbignyiformis, Rhabdocidaris, 11 Orchoporus, 68 lamberti, 68 orchoterenai, Pseudopyrina, 52 order uncertain, 19, 125 orientalis, Paraster, 105 orientalis, Plegiocidaris, 17 orientalis, Scutellina (Eoscuturn), 62 ornatum, Heterodiadema, 29 Ornithaster, 102 cordiformis, 102 sokolovi, 102 Orthanthus, 59 Ortholophus, 41 bittneri, 41 lineatus, 41 morganensis, 41 venustus, 41 Orthopsida, 47 Orthopsidae, 47 Orthopsis, 47 aguilerai, 47 bahiaensis, 47 casanovi, 47 comalensis, 47 pomeraniae, 47 royoi, 47 sanfilippoi, 47 titicacana, 47 oshimensis, Clypeaster, 55 Oustechinus, 90 basseae, 90 ovalis, Astrodapsis, 70 ovalis, Epiaster, 97 ovalis, Eurypatagus, 124 ovalis, Peronella (Peronellites), 65 ovalis, Pygorhynchus, 78 ovatus, Clypeaster, 57 ovatus, Holectypus, 49 ovatus, Macraster roberti, var., 98 oviforrnis, Catopygus, 88 ovumserpentis, Echinolampas, 54 owstoni, Brisaster, 107 Pachycidaris, 7 bergouniouxi, 7 jeanneti, 7 piveteaui, 7 thieryi, 7 pachycraspedum, Laganum, 64 pacificus, Plagiobrissus, 118 pakistanensis, Miocidaris, 6 Palaechinidae, 4 Palaechinoidea, 4 Palaechinus, 4 merriami, 4 tetrastichus, 4 Palaeechinus, 4 canadensis, 4 globulus, 4 sprengi, 4 visetensis, 4 Palaeodiadema, 21, 22 gaulhieri, 22 multiforrne, 21 Palaeolampas, 79, 81 alta, 81 elongata, 79 elongatus, 81 plateia, 81 Palaeostomatidae, 102 palaestinense, Cyphosoma, 31 palatus, Evechinus, 46 paleocaenica, Porpitella, 63 Paleoechinoneus, 50 hannai, 50 Paleopneustes, 123,124 elevatus, 124 holmani, 123 lepidus, 123 periturus, 123 psoidoperiodus, 123 tholoformis, 123 Paleopneustes (Oopneustes), 124 priscus, 124 Paleostoma, 102 roc hi, 102 Palhemiaster, 101 ibericus, 101 pallescens, Temnotrema, 42 pallida, Lytechinus variegatus, var., 43 pallidus, Gymnechinus, 43 Palmeraster, 98 herrerai, 98 japonicus, 98 palmeri, 98 zanolettii, 98 palmeri, Abertella, 74 palmeri, Brissoides, 114 palmeri, Cardiaster, 91 palmeri, Clypeaster, 57 palmeri, Diadema, 21 palmeri, Ellipsechinus, 46 palmeri, Metalia, 118 palmeri, Palmeraster, 98 palmeri, Tarphypygus, 63 palmirensis, Hemicidaris, 27 panamensis, Dorocidaris, 17 pappi, Schizaster, 104 Paracentrotus, 45 agulhensis, 45 grandis, 45 Paracidaris, 17 jeanneti, 17 lagorgettei, 17 172 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY loppei, 17 nunlisti, 17 Paradicoptella, 43 Paradoxechinus, 41 paradoxus, Anorthopygus, 49 paradoxus, Zenocentrotus, 46 paraensis, Echinolampas, 78 paragoga, Echinolampas, 79 Paraheteraster, 98 parahybensis, Cyphosoma riograndensis, var., 31 parahybensis, Pyrina, 51 Paralampas, 85, 86 besairiei, 85 conceptionis, 86 parallelus, Hemiaster, 99 Paramaretia, 121 multituberculata, 121 Paramicraster, subgenus, 111 Paraphormosoma, 20 Parapygus, 82 mossoroensis, 82 Parasalenia, 47 gosseleti, 47 gratiosa var. boninensis, 47 marianae, 47 Parasaleniidae, 47 Parascutella, 67 Paraster, 105 camagueyanus, 105 cubitabellae, 105 delgadoi, 105 erythraeus, 105 eustatii, 105 hyperocus, 105 nuevitasensis, 105 oriental is, 105 pastelilloensis, 105 pinarensis, 105 saipanicus, 105 sierrai, 105 tampicoensis, 105 tschopi, 105 Parastomechinus, 34 brightoni, 34 Paratinanthus, 59 lamberti, 59 Paratrema, 41 parens, Astrodapsis major, var., 70 Parhabdocidaris, 12 paromaica, Runa, 74 paronai, Hemiaster, 99 paronai, Phymosoma, 31 parravanoi, Conulus, 51 parva, Gauthieria, 31 parva, Scutella almerai, 66 parvipetalus, Pauropygus, 54 parviporus, Echinocyamus, 62 parvispina, Heliocidaris erythrogramma, var., 46 parvituberculata, Maretia, 121 paruiungulatum, Araeosoma, 19 parvula, Echinolampas, 80 parvula, Hemipedina, 31 parvus, Bothriocidaris, 2 parvus, Echinarachnius (Kewia), 71 parvus, Holectypus, 49 parvus, Macropneustes, 117 parvus, Platybrissus, 124 parvus, Prenaster, 109 parvus, Xenechinus, 5 pasionensis, Pygurostoma, 83 pastelilloensis, Paraster, 105 patae, Clypeaster, bl patella, Scutellina, 63 pateriformis, Clypeaster (Coronanthus), 58 paucipora, Cyamidia, 61 paucispinum, Araeosoma, 19 paucispinum, Hemiphormosoma, 20 paucituberculatus, Coelopleurus, 36 paulinoi, Clypeaster, 56 Pauropygus, 54 altus, 54 clarki, 54 convexus, 54 cylindricus, 54 elevatus, 54 latus, 54 meunieri var. inflata, 54 meunieri var. latipetala, 54 meunieri var. sulcata, 54 parvipetalus, 54 platypetalus, 54 pyramidoides, 54 rotundus, 54 rugosus, 54 stefaninii, 54 stenopetalus, 54 peculiaris, Neobothriocidaris, 2 Pedina, 22 eocenica, 22 madagascariensis, 22 Pedinidae, 22 Pedinoida, 22 Pedinopsis, 21, 29, 30 engerrandi, 29 melo, 21, 29 texana, 29 yarboroughi, 30 pelagica, Metalia, 118 pelatensis, Amphiope bioculata, var., 73 pelettensis, Cidaris, 14 peloria, Phymosoma, 30 Pel tastes, 26 ultimus, 26 peltata, Goniocidaris (Discocidaris), 9 pentagona, Scutellina (Eoscutum) orien- talis, var., 63 pentagona, Haimea, 54 pentagona, Hebertia, 38 pentagonalis, Echinocorys, 91 pentagonalis, Schizaster, 104 pentagonium, Protoscutella, 67 Pentedium, 60 curator, 60 percostatus, Cidaris, 15 percrassus, Echinolampas, 78 perebaskinei, Echinotiara, 33 peregrinus, Zenocentrotus, 46 Periarchus, 67 kewi, 67 lyelli floridanus, 67 rutrijormis, 67 Periaster, 109 ciryi, 109 inconstans, 109 kuhni, 109 maugerii, 109 subsexangulatus, 109 zinai, 109 Pericosmidae, 102 Pericosmus, 95, 102, 103 abatoides, 102 akabanus, 102 artemisae, 102 bidens, 102 blanquizalensis, 102 camagueyanus, 102 clarki, 103 cordatus, 102 cubanus, 103 delgadoi, 102 gardensis, 102 giganteus, 102 gregoryi, 95 ,105 israelskyi, 102 keiensis, 102 magnificus, 102 mauritianus, 102 melanostomus, 102 oblongus, 102 rojasi, 102 schencki, 102 stefaninii, 102 stehlini, 102 tenuis, 102 valenzuelai, 102 zanolettii, 103 Pericosmus (Lambertona), 103 Pericosmus (Victoriaster), 103 periculosum, Asthenosoma, 20 peridoneus, Holectypus (Coenholectypus). 49 Perischodomus, 4 fraiponti, 4 Perischoechinoidea, 1 periturus, Paleopneustes, 123 permica, Miocidaris, 6 Permocidaris, 5 NUMBER 34 173 timorensis, 5 Peronella, 65, 66 caribbeana, 65, 66 cubae, 65 japonica, 65 kamimura, 65 keiensis, 65 kloosi, 65 lamberti, 65 lesueuri var. gadiana, 65 martini, 65 merrilli, 65 motobu, 65 oblonga, 65 orbicularis var. concava, 65 quinquenodulata, 65 ragayana, 65 Peronella (Peronellites), 65 oval is, 65 Peronellites, 65 perorientalis, Cardiaster, 91 perplexus, Hypselaster, 105 perplexus, Plagiobrissus, 119 perplexus, Stenechinus, 23 perrieri, Hemipneustes, 93 perrini, Astrodapsis, 70 persica, Agassizia scrobiculata, var., 106 persica, Brissopsis, 112 persica, Salenia, 25 persica, Schizaster, 104 persica, Temnopleurus, 38 peruviana, Encope, 73 peruvianus, Rhynchopygus, 85 Petalobrissus, 83 burckhardti, 83 Petalobrissus (Echinobrissus), 83 setifensis var. punica, 83 petalus, Echinocyamus, 62 peyroti, Echinolampas, 78 pfenderae, Cyclaster, 114 Phalacrocidaris, 11 japonica multipora, 11 Phalacropedina, 23 Pharaonaster, 118 migliorinii, 118 philippinensis, Stereocidaris indica, var., 10 phillipsae, Salenia, 26 philocrania, Discoides, 50 phoenissa, Temnotrema, 42 Pholidocidaris, 2 tornacensis, 2 Phormosoma, 20 alternans, 20 placenta var. africana, 20 Phormosomatinae, 20 Phyllacanthus, 12, 13 clarkii impensus, 12 dubius var. sundaica, 12 duncani, 12 duncani gambierensis, 12 forcipulatus, 12 irregularis, 12 irregularis kimberi, 12 serratus, 12 texanus, 13 thomasi, 12 titan, 12 tylotus, 12 tysoni, 13 wellmanae, 12 Phyllobrissus, 'll artesianus, 77 oblongus, 77 zulianus, 77 Phymosoma, 30, 31 bybeei, 31 cadenati, 31 conceptionis, 30 dixie, 30 gigantea, 30 mortenseni, 31 paronai, 31 peloria, 30 raguini, 31 riograndensis, 31 solignaci, 31 subconicum, 31 tinocoi, 31 trinitensis, 31 unicarinatum, 31 Phymosomatidae, 30 Phymosomatoida, 30 Phymotaxis, 34 mansfieldi, 34 Pictaviechinus, 95 pictaviensis, Centropygus, 89 pictaviensis, Pygomalus, 95 pierrensis, Codiopsis, 36 pilensis, Echinobrissus, 77 pileus, Clypeaster, 57 pilgrimi, Conoclypeus, 53 pilleti, Hemicidaris, 27 pinarensis, Agassizia, 106 pinarensis, Clypeaster, 57 pinarensis, Eupatagus (Spatangomorpha), 119 pinarensis, Paraster, 105 pinfoldi, Conoclypeus, 53 pinguis, Oligopygus, 53 pirabensis, Karlaster, 71 piriformis. Micros ter, 110 pirillus, Cidaris (Bramus), 48 Pisolampas, 125 concinna, 125 piveteaui, Nucleopygus, 84 piveteaui, Pachycidaris, 7 Plagiobrissus, 118, 119 abeli, 118 abruptus, 119 costaricensis, 118 elevatus, 119 lamberti, 118 latus, 119 malavassii, 118 pad ficus, 118 perplexus, 118 robustus, 119 Plagiobrissus (Rhabdobrissus), 119 Plagiochasma, 77 coxwellense, 77 plana, Clypeaster japonicus, 55 plana, Conulus castaneus, var., 51 plana, Pyrina ovalis, 51 playiata, Scutella vindobonensis, 67 Planilampas, 81, 82 circularis, 82 planipetala, Echinolampas anceps, var., 79 planipetalum, Cubanaster, 66 planissimus, Echinocyamus, 62 planus, Clypeaster, 57 planus, Echinocyamus, 62 planus, Micraster (Micraster) schroederi, 110 plateia, Fibularia, 61 plateia, Palaeolampas, 81 platensis, Mellita, 72 platyacantha, Austrocidaris, 8 platyacantha, Miocidaris, 6 Platybrissus, 124 parvus, 124 Platybrissus (Eurypatagus), 124 Platyclypeina, 59 platypetalus, Cassidulus, 83 platypetalus, Pauropygus, 54 platypygus, Disaster, 90 platyterus, Ammotrophus, 60 Plegiocidaris, 17, 18 ardesica, 17 babeaui var. granulosa, 18 biassalensis, 17 bifrons, 18 caeuliculus, 18 helviorum, 17 huguenini, 17 jacobi, 18 kuchkaensis, 17 lamberti, 17 lemoinei, 17 marizensis, 18 mercieri, 18 morierei var. nodosa, 18 orientalis, 17 pseudohorrida, 18 raibliana var. rhodiensis, 18 telrhemtensis, 18 termieri, 18 tingitana, 18 174 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY vogdti, 17 w else hi, 18 Plesiaster, 119 Plesiechinus, 24 hawkinsi, 24 Plesiolampas, 82 auraduensis, 82 curriae, 82 Plesiopatagus, 119 houreqi, 119 Plesiozonus, 124 diomedeae, 124 Plethotaenia, subgenus, 117 angular is, 117 Pleurechinus doederleini, 41 Plexechinus, 94 spectabilis, 94 Pliolampadidae, 87 Pliolampas, 87 dilatatus, 87 lorioli var. excentrica, 87 trevisani, 87 Pliolampas (Tristomanthus), 88 elevatus, 88 javanus, 88 Pliotoxaster, 96 inflatus, 96 plurituberculatus, Lytechinus variegatus, 43 podjarkovi, Tristomanthus, 88 podolicus, Echinolampas atrophus, 78 podolicus, Tristomanthus, 88 Polycyphus, 34 houreqi, 34 rimuensis, 34 Polydiadema, 30 joaquinensis, 30 karakachi, 30 Polyechinus, 45 polygonalis, Clypeaster, 57 polymorphus, Coelopleurus undulatus, 36 Polypedina, 30 tounatensis, 30 Polyplacidia, 32 armenica, 32 polyplax, Ctenocidaris, 7 Polysalenia, 25 cottaldi, 25 notabilis, 25 Polytaxicidaris, 6 dyeri, 6 lirata, 6 pomeraniae, Orthopsis, 47 pomeraniae, Tetragramma, 30 pomeyroli, Holcopneustes, 100 Porechinus, 4 porosus, 4 Porocidaris, 13 farafrensis, 13 lopezi, 13 sibogae, 13 Porosoma, 32 batalleri, 32 kahleri, 32 lamberti, 32 reesidei, 32 porosus, Porechinus, 4 Porpitella, 63 micra, 63 paleocaenica, 63 portisi, Schizaster, 103 potosiensis, Hardouinia, 83 Pourtalesia, 94 aurorae, 94 debilis, 94 laguncula beringiana, 94 Pourtalesioida, 94 Pourtalesiidae, 94 praeacutus, Faujasia, 82 praecipua, Goniocidaris, 8 praeconvexa, Metaporinus (Tithonia), 90 praenipponica, Linthia, 108 praenuntius, Conulus, 51 praeverticillata, Prionocidaris, 14 pratti, Schizaster, 103 precincta, Spherotiaris, 28, 48 Prenaster, 109, 110 clarcki, 109 elongatus, 110 jeanneti, 109 nuevitasensis, 109 parvus, 109 sanchezi, 109 skorpili, 109 Prenaster (Saviniaster), 110 primaevus, Devonocidaris, 4 primitiva, Cardiopelta bicordata, 89 primus, Eupatagus (Brissopatagus), 112 princeps, Asaphechinus, 39 principeana, Diadema, 21 Printechinus, 41 impress us, 41 javanus, 41 viridis, 41 Prionechinus, 41 duvergieri, 41 salomacensis, 41 Prionocidaris, 13, 14 baculosa var. lineata, 13 baclia, 13 bispinosa var. laevis, 13 bispinosa var. nigrobrunnea, 14 haasti, 14 malindiensis, 14 marshalli, 14 praeverticillata, 14 scoparia, 14 priscus, Paleopneustes (Oopneustes), 124 pristinus, Stomopneustes, 34 problepteryx, Chondrocidaris, 12 Procassidulus, 86 apianus, 86 avilensis, 86 basseae, 86 brodermanni, 86 circularis, 86 clericii, 86 echevarriai, 86 gliberti, 86 habanensis, 86 jeanneti, 86 lambayensis, 86 luacesi, 86 malayanus, 86 minutus, 86 mooni, 86 neltneri, 86 simpatiae, 86 zinai, 86 Procassidulus (Australanthus), 82 madrugensis, 82 Procollyropsis, 90 proctalis, Prymnechinus, 38 profundus, Clypeaster, 57, 58 Progonolampas, 81, 82 candeli, 82 sanchezi, 82 prolata, Clypeaster latirostris, 57 promensis, Dicoptella, 43 Prometalia, 118 besairiei, 118 Pronechinus, 2 anatoliensis, 2 propinqua, Archaeocidaris, 5 Proraster, 110 atavus var. mediterraneus, 110 geayi, 110 Prosostoma, 124 Prospatangus, 120 acuminatus, 120 cotteaui, 120 fothiensis, 120 hungaricus var. bukkensis, 120 venzoi, 120 prostratus , Echinocyamus, 62 Proterocidaris, 2 Protobrissus, 114 akkajensis, 114 indolensis, 114 Protocidaris, 48 Protoscutella, 67 pentagonium, 67 Protoscutellidae, 67 prunispinosa, Goniocidaris, 8 pruvosti, Echinocorys belgicus, var., 91 Prymnechinus, 38 proctalis, 38 Psammechinus, 39, 43, 45 arnei, 45 NUMBER 34 175 dainellii, 45 demojyi, 45 desioi, 45 floralanus, 45 humilior, 39 neuvillei, 45 ocalanus, 45 punicus, 45 santee, 45 simplex, 45 verruculatus, 43 Psammolampas, 81 Psephechinus, 34 globosus, 34 mazetieri, 34 newtoni, 34 renzi, 34 Pseudananchys, 93 rydzewski, 93 stephensoni, 93 Pseudechinus, 41, 42 flemingi, 42 hesperus, 41 Pseudechinus (Notechinus), 42 sanctipauli, 42 Pseudholaster, 93 androaviensis, 93 pseudoanticus, Hemiaster, 99 Pseudoasterostoma, 124 fernandezi, 124 habanensis, 124 Pseudoastrodapsis, 71 intermedius, 71 nitidiusculus, 71 Pseudocentrotus, 44 stenoporus, 44 Pseudocidaris, 27, 28 checchiai, 28 collignoni, 28 defilippii, 28 dubari, 28 gortanii, 28 leckwycki, 28 lew's, 28 migliorinii, 28 simulans, 27 tetragranulatus, 28 truncata, 28 vogdti, 28 pseudocidaroides, Metacrosalenia, 24 pseudoclevei, Agasssizia cyrenaica, var., 106 Pseudodiadema, 28 amellagense, 28 elevatus, 28 grangeri, 28 kselensis, 28 renzi, 28 silbinense, 28 whitneyi, 28 Pseudodiadematidae, 28 Pseudodicoptella, 42 pseudoelegans, Macraster, 98 Pseudoffaster, 93 renngarteni, 93 schmidti, 93 pseudoglobalis, Linthia, 108 pseudofyorrida, Plegiocidaris, 18 pseudoinflata, Agassizia cyrenaica, var., 106 Pseudomaretia, 121 oblonga, 121 Pseudopechinus, 41 Pseudopedina, 23 atlantis, 23 Pseudopygurus, 75 ambroggi, 75 hathirae, 75 Pseudopyrina, 52 darderi, 52 houreqi, 52 minuta, 52 orchoterenai, 52 subcircularis, 52 subovalis, 52 Pseudorthopsis, 23 rojasi, 23 pseudosubrotundaeformis, Scutella, 67 pseudoviviparus, Tripylus, 110 pseudowhitneyi, Salenia, 25 Psilocidaris, 9 echinulata, 9 psoidoperiodus, Paleopneustes, 123 Psychocidaridae, 18 Psychocidaris, 18 ohshimai, 18 puertoricanus, Clypeaster concavus, 56 pulaviensis, Corechinus, 95 pulaviense, Rachiosoma, 32 pulchella, Taimanawa, 120 pulchellus, Clypeaster, 56 pulchellus, Microcyphus, 40 pulchellus, Stomechinus, 33 pulcher, Epiaster, 97 pulcherrimus, Brochopleurus, 39 pulcherrimus, Sphaerechinus, 47 pulchra, Kleinia, 113 punctatus, Rhynchopygus, 85 punica, Petalobrissus (Echinobrissus) seti- fensis, var., 83 punicus, Psammechinus, 45 purpurascens, Nudechinus ambonensis, var., 44 purpurascens, Stereocidaris, 10 purpuratus, Microcyphus rousseaui, var., 40 pusilla, Cidaris, 15 pusilla, Goniocidaris, 9 pusilla, Haimea, 54 pusilla, Pygopyrina, 52 pusillus, Stolonoclypus, 60 putnami, Oligopygus, 53 Pygaster, 23, 24 daguini , 24 gerthi, 23 joleaudi, 24 langanoides ranvillensis, 24 lourdinensis, 24 microstoma, 24 Pygasteridae, 23 Pygasteroida, 23 pygmeus, Cyclaster, 114 pygmeus, Distefanaster, 100 Pygomalus pictaviensis, 95 Pygopyrina, 52 pusilla, 52 Pygorhynchus, 77, 78 conicus, 78 ovalis, 78 riveroi, 77 Pygorhytis, 89 ovalis var. dimota, 89 ringens wiekensis, 89 Pygurostoma, 83 pasionensis, 83 Pygurus, 75, 76 cottreaui, 75 depressus var. somaliensis, 76 lampassigormis, 75 smelliei, 76 Pygurus (Echinopygus), 76 jagueyanus, 76 tinocoi, 76 Pygurus (Pygurus), 76 complanatus, 76 pyramidalis, Cidaris, 15 pyramidoides, Pauropygus, 54 pyrenaica, Jeronia, 94 Pyrina, 51 arabica, 51 avilensis, 51 barthouxi, 51 hancockensis, 51 mexicana, 51 mortenseni, 51 ovalis plana, 51 parahybensis, 51 whitneyae, 51 pyrsacantha, Compsocidaris, 11 quadrimiliaris, Acrosalenia (Metacrosa¬ lenia), 25 quaylei, Anorthoscutum oregonense, 68 quaylei, Astrodapsis, 70 quenstedti, Orbignyana, 89 quinquenodulata, Peronella, 65 racadaui, Radiolus, 48 Rachiosoma, 32 cottreaui, 32 176 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY hondoensis, 32 krimica, 32 pulaviense, 32 stagnorum, 32 Rachiosoma (Rosadosoma), 32 radiata, Trigonocidaris, 43 Radiocyphus, 38 hungaricus, 38 Radiolus, 48 adametzi, 48 alutensis, 48 antipai, 48 boletus, 48 culter, 48 festuca, 48 funginus, 48 fusus, 48 herbichi, 48 racadaui, 48 rostratus, 48 segmentatus, 48 ragayana, Peronella, 65 ragoti, Asterocidaris, 27 raguini, Phymosoma, 31 rahbergensis, Discoides, 50 rajnathi, Echinobrissus, 76 rancheriana, Faujasia, 82 ranvillensis, Pygaster langanoides, 24 raritalis, Echinarachnius (Scaphechinus), 68 rauraca, Rhabdocidaris, 11 ravni, Globator, 52 ravni, Tylocidaris, 19 recens, Cyclaster, 113 recincta, Galeropygus marcoui, var., 74 Recrosalenia, 25 migiurtina, 25 somaliensis, 25 recta, Echinocorys obliquus, 91 recticanalis, Schizaster, 107 recurvata, Histocidaris, 7 reducta, Stereocidaris, 10 reedi, Astrodapsis, 70 reesidei, Porosoma, 33 regalis, Cyclaster, 113 regia, Agassizia, 106 reguanti, Echinanthus, 89 regularis, Cionobrissus, 113 regularis, Stenechinus, 23 reicheli, Dicoptella (Pseudodicoptella), 42 reineckei, Hemiaster, 100 rembangensis, Javanechinus, 39 remediensis, Jacksonaster, 65 remifera, Cidaris, 15 remigera, Notocidaris, 8 Remondella, 71 remotus, Echinocrinus, 5 renfroae, Epiaster, 97 renngarteni, Diplopodia, 29 renngarteni, Echinocorys, 92 renngarteni, Pseudoffaster, 93 renzi, Psephechinus, 34 renzi, Pseudodiadema, 28 revellei, Clypeaster, 56 Rhabdobrissus, subgenus, 119 Rhabdocidarinae, 11 Rhabdocidaris, 11, 12 arginensis, 11 bigoti, 11 boehmi, 11 brasiliensis, 11 buraganensis, 11 chouberti, 12 cotteaui, 11 desori, 11 kisombyensis, 11 mayri, 11 nunlisti, 11 orbignyiformis, 11 rauraca, 11 stingelini, 11 turbeti, 11 varusensis, 12 yailensis, 11 Rhaphidoclypus, 59 costulatus, 59 rojasi, 59 rhedeni, Fibularia, 61 rhenanus, Cluniaster, 52 Rhenechinus, 2 hopstatteri, 2 rhodiensis, Echinolampas, 80 rhodiensis, Echinolampas (Cylindrolam- pas), 80 rhodiensis, Plegiocidaris raibliana, var., 18 Rhopalocidaris, 9 hirsutispinus var. viridis, 9 rosea, 9 rosea tenuis, 9 Rhopostoma, 55 rhotomagensis, Conulus castaneus, var., 51 Rhyncholampas, 84, 85 anceps, 85 ayresi, 84 cervantesi, 84 magnei, 85 rodriguezi, 85 tuderi, 85 Rhynchopygus, 85 macari, 85 matleyi, 85 peruvianus, 85 punctatus, 85 Rhynobrissus, 119 macr ope talus, 119 rostratus, 119 rimuensis, Polycyphus, 34 riograndensis, Phymosoma, 31, 32 rioupanemensis, Hemiaster, 99 Rispolia, 93 cottreaui, 93 riveroi, Anorthopygus, 49 riveroi, Catopygus, 77 riveroi, Pygorhynchus, 77 riveroi, Schizaster (Aplospatangus), 105 rivuli, Arbacia, 35 robecchibricchettii, Scutella, 67 robusta, Clypeaster insignis, var., 57 robustus, Echinoneus, 50 robustus, Plagiobrissus, 119 rochi, Macropneustes, 117 rochi, Paleostoma, 102 rodriguezi, Catopygus, 77 rodriguezi, Rhyncholampas, 85 rogasi, Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus), 116 rogeri, Euspatangus, 115 Rojasaster, 59 camagueyanus, 59 rojasi, Antillaster, 122 rojasi, Anomalanthus, 58 rojasi, Brissopatagus, 112 rojasi, Cassidulus, 84 rojasi, Echinoneus, 50 rojasi, Lajanaster, 116 rojasi, Pericosmus, 102 rojasi, Pseudorthopsis, 23 rojasi, Rhaphidoclypus, 59 rojasi, Rojasia, 119 rojasi, Schizaster (Aplospatangus), 104 Rojasia, 119 rojasi, 119 rolandi, Linthia, 108 rollandi, Echinolampas, 79 rollieri, Leiocidaris, 13 romani, Clypeaster, 56 romani, Diplocidaris, 19 rombellipsoidalis, Echinolampas, 79 Rosadosoma, subgenus, 32 rosana, Loriolia, 29 roscheni, Enallaster, 96 rosea, Rhopalocidaris, 9 rosenkrantzi, Tylocidaris, 19 rosenkrantzi, Typocidaris, 11 roseoviridis, Salmacis, 42 rositae, Studeria, 88 rossi, Isomicraster, 97 rossiensis, Echinocorys gravesi, var., 91 rostellus, Clypeus, 75 rostrata, Conulus ellipticus, var., 51 rostratus, Antipneustes, 107 rostratus, Basseaster, 91 rostratus, Cardiaster, 92 rostratus, Echinocyamus, 62 rostratus, Echinodiscus, 65 rostratus, Radiolus, 48 rostratus, Rhynobrissus, 119 Rotula, 74 orbiculus angolensis, 74 NUMBER 34 177 rotula, Cottaldia, 22 rotula, Scutellina (Eoscutum) orientalis, var., 63 Rotulidae, 74 Rotulina, 74 Rotuloidea, 74 vieirai, 74 rotundata, Epiaster somaliensis, var., 97 rotundatus, Allaster, 69 rotundatus, Ambipleurus, 37 rotundas, Oligopygus, 53 rotundas, Pauropygus, 54 royoi, Botriopygus, 78 royoi, Cotteaudia, 36 royoi, Goniopygus, 37 royoi, Orthopsis, 47 rozieri, Opissaster, 101 rubellus, Eupatagus, 114 ruber, Coelopleurus undulatus, 36 rubicundurn, Temnotrema siamense, var., 42 rubida, Stylocidaris reini, var., 18 rubra, Stereocidaris grandis, var., 10 rubricincta, Salmacis, 42 rubripunctatus, Nudechinus, 44 rufa, Stylocidaris, 18 rugensis, Stereocidaris, 10 rugosa, Eurocidaris, 8 rugosus, Dendraster, 68 rugosus, Pauropygus, 54 rumerlensis, Cidaris scrobiculata, var., 15 rumoensis, Echinarachnius, 69 Rumphia, 65 elegans, 65 Runa, 74 paromaica, 74 russoi, Trochotiara, 30 rutrijormis, Periarchus, 67 rutteni, Bonaireaster, 54 rutteni, Dicoptella (Paradicoptella), 43 rydzewski, Pseudananchys, 93 sabinal, Hemiaster, 99 sabistonensis, Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus), 78 sacyi, Centrostephanus, 21 sadeki, Fibularia, 61 sadeki, Gauthieria, 31 saipanicum, Echinostrephus, 46 saipanicus, Cly peas ter, 56 saipanicus, Paraster, 105 sakhalinensis, Echinarachnius parma, 69 Salenia, 25, 26 alcaldei, 25 alta, 25 cottreaui, 26 dux, 26 garumnensis, 26 hagenowi, 25 hawkinsi, 25 hondoensis, 25 intermedia, 25 kansasense, 26 lamberti, 25 leanderensis, 26 lobosa, 25 mathuri, 25 nipponica, 25 novemprovincialis, 25 persica, 25 philippsae, 26 pseudowhitneyi, 25 schencki, 25 scotti, 25 scrippsae, 25 sculpta, 25 similis lastroensis, 26 somaliensis, 25 stenzeli, 26 taurica, 26 trigonopyga, 26 unicolor, 25 whitneyi, 25 Salenidia, 26 chabaudi, 26 danica, 26 karakachi, 26 scabra, 26 selandica, 26 Saleniidae, 25 Saleniinae, 25 Salenioida, 24 Salenocidaris, 26 brachygnatha, 26 hastigera var. acuminata, 26 incrassata, 26 miliaris var. indica, 26 profundi var. occlusa, 26 salina, Tylocidaris, 19 salinasensis, Astrodapsis, 70 salis, Thylechinus (Gagaria), 45 Salmaciella, 42 Salmacis, 42 belli var. unicolor, 42 dussumieri, 42 nuda, 42 roseoviridis, 42 rubricincta, 42 sphaeroides var. variegata, 42 salomacensis, Prionechinus, 41 salsensis, Eurhodia morrisi, var., 87 salutis, Schizaster, 103 Sanchezella, 66 sanchezi, Brissoides, 114 sanchezi, Clypeaster, 57 sanchezi, Cyclaster, 114 sanchezi, Echinoneus, 50 sanchezi, Goniopygus, 36 sanchezi, Jacksonaster, 65, 66 sanchezi, Oligopygus, 53 sanchezi, Prenaster, 109 sanchezi, Progonolampas, 82 sanchuensis, Toxaster, 96 sanctaeluciae, Cyphosoma, 31 sanctaluciae, Nucleopygus, 84 sanctamariae, Schizaster, 104 sanctipauli, Pseudechinus (Notechinus), 42 sanctisebastiani, Hemiaster, 99 sanctispiritensis, Conoclypeus, 53 sandalina, Fibularia, 61 sandiegensis, Echinolampas (Cylindro- lampas), 80 sandiegensis, Jacksonaster, 65 Sandiegoaster, 112 durhami, 112 sandovali, Clypeaster, 58 Sanfilippaster, 110 sanfilippoi, Conulus, 51 sanfilippoi, Leiocidaris, 13 sanfilippoi, Noetlingaster, 34 sanfilippoi, Orthopsis, 47 sanjosephi, Oligopygus, 53 sanrafaelensis, Clypeaster, 58 santaclarae, Echinolampas, 79 santanae, Brissoides, 114 santanae, Brissolampas, 123 santanae, Bunactis, 58 santanae, Cubanaster, 66 santanae, Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus), 119 santanae, Laganum, 64 santanae, Schizaster, 104 santee, Psammechinus, 45 Santeelampas, 88 sardanyolae, Hemipneustes, 93 Sarsiaster, 101 griegii, 101 Saviniaster, 110 enodatus, 110 scabra, Salenidia, 26 Scaphechinus, 68 schencki, Astrodapsis, 70 schencki, Pericosmus, 102 schencki, Salenia, 25 Schizaster, 103, 104, 107 alcaldei, 104 alsiensis, 103 altissimus, 104 bathypetalus, 104 beckeri, 104 brachypetalus, 104 caobaense, 104 cojimarensis, 104 costaricensis, 103 delorenzoi, 104 dumblei, 104 dyscritus, 104 eopneustes, 104 excavatus, 103 gerthi, 104 178 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY gigas, 104 guirensis, 103 habanensis, 104 hexagonalis, 104 humei, 104 jeanneti, 103 kinasaensis, 103 leprosorum, 104 llagunoi, 104 marci, 104 minihagali, 103 miyazakiensis, 103 morlini, 103 moronensis, 104 munozi, 104 narindensis, 104 pappi, 104 pentagonalis, 104 persica, 104 portisi, 103 pratti, 103 recticanalis, 107 salutis, 103 sanctamariae, 104 santanae, 104 schlosseri, 104 vedadoensis, 104 Schizaster (Aplospatangus), 104, 105 riveroi, 105 rojasi, 104 Schizaster (Hypselaster), 105 Schizaster (Linthia), 108 ocalanus, 108 Schizaster (Paraster), 105, 106 duroensis, 105 floridiensis, 105 hunti, 106 karakarensis, 105 taiwanicus, 105 Schizaster (Schizaster), 105 fernandezi, 105 Schizasteridae, 103 Schizechinus, 44 candeli, 44 Schizobrissus, 117, 118 damiani, 118 jacksoni, 117 kewi, 118 siliceus, 117 Schizocidaris, 9 fasciata, 9 schlosseri, Schizaster, 104 schlumbergeri, Hyboclypus, 74 schmidti, Pseudoffaster, 93 schoelleri, Echinocyamus, 62 schoelleri, Hemiaster, 99 schucherti, Astrodapsis, 71 schwetzovi, Brissopneustes, 111 Scoliechinus, 44 axiologus, 44 scoparia, Prionocidaris, 14 scotti, Goniophorus, 26 scotti, Salenia, 25 scrippsae, Encope, 73 scrippsae, Salenia, 25 Scrippsechinus, 124 fisher i, 124 scrobiculata, Fibularia, 61 sculpta, Salenia, 25 sculptus, Lamprechinus, 40 scurellensis, Scutella, 67 Scutaster, 74 vaquerosensis, 74 vaquerosensis var. kewi, 74 Scutasteridae, 74 Scutella, 66, 67, 69, 71 aberti, 74 almerai parva, 66 andersoni, 71 camagueyana, 67 checchiae, 67 checchiae var. occidentalis, 67 chiesai, 67 coosensis, 68 cubae, 67 eichwaldi, 67 floridana, 67 gabbi tenuis, 69 gabbii tenuis, 71 habanensis, 67 hobarthi, 67 isidis var. bardiensis, 67 leognanensis, 67 media, 67 montagnai, 67 multiconcava, 67 niponica, 67 pseudosubrotundaeformis, 67 robecchibricchettii, 67 scurellensis, 67 stefaninii, 67 stefaninii var. syrtica, 67 styriaca, 67 subrotundaeformis, 67 szoerenyiae, 67 vindobonensis planata, 67 vindobonensis secunda, 67 Scutellaster, 68 Scutellidae, 66 Scutellina, 60, 65, 66 balcanica, 63 conica, 63 patella, 60 transsylvanica, 63 transsylvanica var. oblonga, 63 transsylvanica var. orbiculata, 63 Scutellina (Eoscutum), 62, 63 orientalis, 62 orientalis var. elongata, 62 orientalis var. kalizkyi, 62 orientalis var. nalivkini, 63 orientalis var. pentagona, 63 orientalis var. rotula, 63 Scutellinoides, 60 secoensis, Encope, 72 secunda, Scutella vindobonensis, 67 segestina, Collyrites, 89 segmentatus, Radiolus, 48 selandica, Salenidia, 26 sellardsi, Codiopsis, 36 sema, Coptopleura, 38 semiglobosus, Echinocorys, 91 Semipetalion, subgenus, 121 sendaica, Gitolampas, 87 senegalensis, Tessieria, 101 senessei, Circopeltis, 33 senessei, Codiopsis, 36 senni, Cassidulus, 84 septemtrionalis, Cyathocidaris, 16 serotinus, Aphelaster, 96 Serpianotiaris, 24 serratus, Phyllacanthus, 12 sethuramae, Thylechinus, 33 setosa, Archaeocidaris, 5 Seunaster, 95, 94 georgicus, 93 georgicus var. lata, 94 lamberti, 94 lazicus, 94 shepherdi, Encope, 72 siamensis, Echinodiscus auritus, var., 73 sibogae, Echinolampas alexandri, var., 78 sibogae, Goniocidaris, 8 sibogae, Porocidaris, 13 siboneyensis, Eupatagus, 115 siboneyensis, Hemiaster, 99 sierrai, Paraster, 105 sigillum, Cidaris, 14 silbinense, Pseudodiadema, 28 siliceus, Schizobrissus, 117 Silurocidaris, 6 clavata, 6 similaris, Dendraster vizcainoensis, 68 si7nile, Astrodapsis johnsoni, var., 70 similis, Amphipneustes, 107 similis, Brissopsis, 112 similis, Lovenia, 121 simpatiae, Procassidulus, 86 simpaticus, Nucleolites, 76 simpaticus, Trachyaster, 100 simplex, Cidaris (Bramus), 48 simplex, Hebertia, 38 simplex, Psammechinus, 45 simulans, Pseudocidaris, 27 Sinaechinus, 107 kawaguchii, 107 sinensis, Sternopatagus, 94 singletoni, Asaphechinus, 39 singularis, Coelopleurus, 36 sinuosus, Macropneustes, 117 NUMBER 34 179 sirtica, Breynia, 122 Sismondia, 65, 66 barabirensis, 66 convexa, 66 crustula, 66 javana ladronensis, 66 naganoensis, 65 skorpili, Prenaster, 109 skourensis, Brissoides, 115 smelliei, Acrosalenia, 24 smelliei, Pygurus, 76 sokolovi, Ornithaster, 102 solignaci, Phymosoma, 31 solignaci, Tithonia, 90 solitariensis, Macraster, 98 Somalechinus, 98 gibbosus, 98 Somaliaster, 94, 95 magniventer, 94 magniventer var. checchiai, 95 Somaliasteridae, 94 somaliensis, Acrosalenia, 24 somaliensis, Brissoides cranium, var., 115 somaliensis, Clypeobrissus, 75 somaliensis, Echinotiara, 33 somaliensis, Epiaster, 97 somaliensis, Farquharsonia, 23 somaliensis, Hemipedina (Phalacrope- dina), 23 somaliensis, Linthia, 108 somaliensis, Opissaster, 101 somaliensis, Pygurus depressus, var., 76 somaliensis, Recrosalenia, 25 somaliensis, Salenia, 25 Spatagobrissus, 119 mirabilis, 119 Spatagoides, 92 aichinoi, 92 martellii, 92 striatoradiatus var. conicus, 92 striatoradiatus var. depressus, 92 striatoradiatus var. elevatus, 92 tripolitanus, 92 Spatangidae, 120 Spatangoida, 95 Spatangomorpha, 119 Spatangus, 120 baixadoleitensis, 120 beryl, 120 diomedeae, 120 glenni, 120 multispinus, 120 tapinus, 120 thor, 120 spectabilis, Plexechinus, 94 spenceri, Ancylocidaris, 22 Sperosoma, 20 antillense, 20 armatum, 20 crassispinum, 20 tristichum, 20 Sphaerechinus, 44, 47 pulcherrimus, 47 sphaeroides, Cassidulus, 83 Spherechinus, 44 burdigalensis, 44 sphericus, Hemiaster, 99 Spherotiaris, 28, 48 gignouxi, 28 meandrina var. nervosa, 28 meandrina var. termieri, 28 precincta, 28, 48 vivaldii, 28 spinidentatus, Leiocidaris, 13 spinosa, Cidaris, 10 spinosa, Goniocidaris, 8 spinosa, Notocidaris, 8 spinulifera, Miocidaris, 6 splendens, Araeosoma, 19 splendens, Genocidaris, 40 sprengi, Palaeechinus, 4 squamosa, Stereocidaris, 10 stagnorum, Rachiosoma, 32 staulinensis, Cidaris, 15 stefaninii, Brissoides, 115 stefaninii, Hemiaster, 100 stefaninii, Leiocidaris, 13 stefaninii, Pauropygus, 54 stefaninii, Pericosmus, 102 stefaninii, Scutella, 67 Stegaster, 93 charlesi, 93 mairei, 93 novoi, 93 zonarius, 93 Stegopygus, 75 langeensis, 75 stehlini, Pericosmus, 102 steinhatchee, Brissopsis, 113 Stenechinus, 23 perplexus, 23 regularis, 23 Stenonasteridae, 94 Stenonaster, 94 douvillei, 94 Stenonia, 94 stenopetalus, Macropneustes, 117 stenopetalus, Pauropygus, 54 stenoporus, Echinus, 45 stenoporus, Pseudocentrotus, 44 stenozona, Glyptocidaris crenularis, 31 stenzeli, Salenia, 26 stephensoni, Codiopsis, 36 stephensoni, Conulus, 51 stephensoni, Pseudananchys, 93 sterea, Cyclaster, 113 Sterechinus, 46 dentifer, 46 neumayeri var. nigroalba, 46 Stereocidarinae, 10 Stereocidaris, 10 baileyi, 10 bolli, 10 cudmorei, 10 destefanii, 10 excavata, 10 fosteri, 10 grandis fusana, 10 grandis var. hyatorina, 10 grandis var. rubra, 10 granularis, 10 hawaiiensis, 10 his pi da, 10 hudspethensis, 10 hutchinsoni, 10 indica var. philippinensis, 10 inermis, 10 intricata, 10 jaekeli, 10 jaekeli var. grandior, 10 jaekeli var. latior, 10 jaekeli var. undulifera, 10 nascaensis, 10 purpurascens, 10 reducta, 10 rugensis, 10 sceptriferoides var. lamellata, 10 sceptriferoides var. lanceolata, 10 squamosa, 10 stylifera, 10 sulcatispinis, 10 tubifera, 10 tubifera var. impressa, 10 Stereocidaris (Phalacrocidaris), 11 japonica multipora, 11 sternaloides, Brissus, 112 Sternopatagus, 94 sinensis, 94 sternopetala, Echinolampas, 81 stetsoni, Hardouinia, 83 stevensi, Eupatagus, 115 Stigmatopygus, 83 lamberti, 83 lehmani, 83 stingelini, Rhabdocidaris, 11 Stirechinus, 46 minor var. couffoni, 46 stocktonensis, Goniopygus, 37 stoliczkai, Hemiaster, 99 Stolonoclypus, 59, 60 ichnusae, 60 incertus, 60 pusillus, 60 Stomechinidae, 33 Stomechinus, 33 bajocensis, 33 daguini, 33 lemoinei, 33 180 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY magnicornicolus, 33 polyporus nanus, 33 pulchellus, 33 Stomopneustes, 34, 35 antiquus, 35 pristinus, 34 Stonocorys, 94 striata, Kionocidaris, 17 striatissirnum, Asthenosoma, 20 strobilata, Eucidaris, 16 strongyla, Echinolampas, 79 Strongylocentrotidae, 46 Strongylocentrotus, 46, 47 antiquus, 47 djakonovi, 46 fragilis, 47 intermedius f. longispina, 46 magistrus, 47 minihagali, 47 octoporus, 47 polyacanthus apicimagis, 46 Studeria, 88 rositae, 88 stylifera, Stereocidaris, 10 Stylocidaris, 17, 18 amboinae, 18 annulosa, 18 bracteata var. albidens, 17 bracteata var. mauritiana, 17 chapmani, 18 cingulata, 17 effluens, 17 fusispina, 18 laevispina, 18 longicollis, 18 maculosa, 18 reini var. cladothrix, 18 reini var. rubida, 18 rufa, 18 styriaca, Scutella, 67 suatensis, Heterosalenia, 24 subcircularis, Asterostoma, 122 subcircularis, Catopygus, 77 subcircularis, Pseudopyrina, 52 subconicum, Phymosoma, 31 subconicus, Echinocyamus scaber, var., 62 subcrustulum, Clypeaster (Platyclypeina), 59 subcylindrica, Haimea, 54 subdorsala, Balanocidaris, 16 subglobosa, Conulus subrotundus, var. 51 subglobosus, Amblypneustes pallidus, var., 38 subglobosus, Micraster, 110 subnucleus, Echinolampas (Cypholam- pas), 80 suborder uncertain, 55, 74, 124 subovalis, Pseudopyrina, 52 subpentagonalis, Holectypus, 49 subpiriformis, Echinocyamus, 62 subrotundaeformis, Scutella, 67 subsexangulatus, Periaster, 109 subtumidus, Echinarachnius, 69 subwortheni, Archaeocidaris, 5 suitensis, Linthia, 108 sulcata, Echinocyamus cyphostomus, var., 62 sulcata, Fibularia, 61 sulcata, Pauropygus meunieri, var. 54 sulcatispinis, Strereocidaris, 10 sulcatus, Cottreaucorys (Cordastrum), 124 sulcatus, Tarphypygus, 63 sumbaricus, Echinocorys, 92 sundaica, Phyllacanthus dubius, var. 12 sundaicus, Clypeaster (Rhaphidoclypus) reticulatus, var., 59 sundaicus, Temnopleurus, 38 sundancensis, Hemicidaris, 27 sundararaji, Chaetodiadema, 21 superba, Coenopedina, 23 superorder uncertain, 47 superior, Astrodapsis diabloensis, var., 70 supremus, Goniopygus, 37 suvae, Chelonechinus, 94 sverdrupi, Encope, 73 syriaca, Kleinia crescenticus, var., 113 syriensis, Gent ilia, 83 syrtica, Scutella stefaninii, var., 67 syrticus, Clypeaster aegyptiacus, var., 56 szoerenyiae, Scutella, 67 tafermense, Tetragramma, 30 Taimanawa, 120 mortenseni, 120 pulchella, 120 taiwanensis, Linthia, 107 taiwanicus, Schizaster (Paraster), 105 takunagai, Laganum fudsiyama, 64 tamarindensis, Nucleopygus, 84 tamiamiensis, Encope macrophora, 72 tampicoensis, Paraster, 105 tanofrei, Echinolampas africanus, var., 79 taouzensis, Dorocidaris, 16 tapeina, Oligopodia, 125 tapinus, Spatangus, 120 tariccoi, Clypeaster, 57 Tarphypygus, 63 ellipticus, 63 notabilis, 63 palmeri, 63 sulcatus, 63 tasmanensis, Asaphechinus, 39 Tatechinus, 42 nudus, 42 taurica, Hemipedina, 23 laurica, Salenia, 26 tavanii, Clypeaster, 57 taylori, Cassidulus, 84 teilhardi, Hemiaster, 100 teixeirai, Domechinus, 82 telostocensis, Goniopygus zitteli, 37 telrhemtensis, Plegiocidaris, 18 Temnopleuridae, 38 Temnopleuroida, 37 Temnopleurus, 38 australis, 38 hardwickii var. impressus, 38 iranicus, 38 latidunensis, 38 michaelseni var. viridis, 38 persica, 38 sundaicus, 38 Temnopleurus (Toreumatica), 38 Temnotrema, 42, 43 notium, 42 pallescens, 42 phoenissa, 42 siamense var. megaloplax, 42 siamense var. rubicundum, 42 tenera, Neolampas, 125 tentugalensis, Mundaster, 103 tenue, Laganum depressum, var., 64 tenuicoronae, Clypeaster, 58 tenuipetalum, Echinolampas (Progono- lampas), 81 tenuipetalum, Echinoneus, 50 Tenuirachnius, 71 tenuis, Arachnoides, 60 tenuis, Dicoptella agassizi, var., 42 tenuis, Echinarachnius, 69 tenuis, Mellita quinquiesperjorata, var., 72 tenuis, Pericosmus, 102 tenuis, Rhopalocidaris rosea, 9 tenuis, Scutella gabbi, 69 tenuis, Scutella gabbii, 71 tenuispina, Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris), 9 tenuispina, Miocidaris, 6 tenuispinus, Deneechinus, 3 teretispina, Kionocidaris striata, var., 17 terkosensis, Galeraster, 51 termieri, Acrosalenia, 24 termieri, Atlasaster, 22 termieri, Dubarechinus, 48 termieri, Hemicidaris, 27 termieri, Magnosia, 37 termieri, Plegiocidaris, 18 termieri, Spherotiaris meandrina, var., 28 Termieria, 88 henrici, 88 terminalis, Echinocyamus, 62 tessieri, Baueria, 35 Tessieria, 101 senegalensis, 101 testudinaria, Breynia, 122 Tetragoniopygus, subgenus, 37 Tetragramma, 30 antsingyensis, 30 besairiei, 30 NUMBER 34 181 bosei, 30 cornuelai, 30 giganteum, 30 hourcqi, 30 pomeraniae, 30 tafermense, 30 tetragranulatus, Pseudocidaris, 28 tetraslichus, Palaechinus, 4 texana, Pedinopsis, 29 texanus, Anorthopygus, 49 texanus, Phyllacanthus, 13 thalebensis, Typocidaris, 11 Thebaster, 118 theodosiae, Cidaris, 15 thiebaudi, Leiocidaris, 13 thieryi, Lytechinus, 43 thieiyi, Pachycidaris, 7 Tholeopelta, 60 herrerae, 60 tholoformis, Paleopneustes, 123 thomasi, Devonocidaris, 4 thomasi, Lepidocentrus, 3 thomasi, Phyllacanthus, 12 thor, Spatangus, 120 thorali, Eodiadema, 21 Thylechinus, 33 chardoni, 33 dubari, 33 humei, 33 sethuramae, 33 Thylechinus (Egyptechnius), 33 Thylechinus (Gagaria), 44, 45 chickasawhay, 44 mossomi, 44 salis, 45 Thylechinus (Mistechinus), 33 Tiarechinopsis, 35 besairiei, 35 timorensis, Miocidaris, 6 timorensis, Permocidaris, 5 tingitana, Balanocidaris, 16 tingitana, Plegiocidaris, 18 tinocoi, Phymosoma, 31 tinocoi, Pygurus (Echinopygus), 76 titan, Phyllacanthus, 12 Tithonia, 90 arctica, 90 blondeti, 90 houdardi, 90 solignaci, 90 tithonica, Hemicidaris, 27 Tithoniidae, 90 titicacana, Orthopsis, 47 tobleri, Dicoptella, 43 tobleri, Leiocidaris, 13 tobleri, Tripneustes, 44 Togocyamus, 64 alloiteaui, 64 topilanus, Clypeaster, 57 Toreumatica, subgenus, 38 toreumaticus, Hyattechinus, 3 tornacensis, Nucleolites, 76 tornacensis, Pholidocidaris, 2 toroensis, Clypeolampas, 86 torrei, Jacksonaster, 65, 66 torrense, Echinolampas (Progonolampas), 81 tosaensis, Toxaster, 96 toulai, Ismidaster, 93 tounatensis, Polypedina, 30 Toxaster, 95, 96 gabrieli, 96 laffitei, 96 mattaueri, 96 maurus, 96 millosevichi, 95 sanchuensis, 96 tosaensis, 96 Toxasteridae, 95 Toxasterina, 95 toxasteroides, Epiaster, 97 Toxopneustidae, 43 Trachyaster, subgenus, 100 aichinoi, 100 hlinnensis, 100 minutus, 100 simpaticus, 100 tradis, Conulus, 51 trakyensis, Triplacidia, 43 trangahyensis, Micraster, 110 transiens, Echinodiscus, 73 transiens, Enallaster, 96 transsylvanica, Scutellina, 63 transvera, Cidaris, 15 (see C. gilletae) i transversus, Faujasia, 82 trauthi, Epiaster, 97 trechmanni, Linthia, 108 Trematopygus, 77 novaki, 77 Tretodiscus, 73 fuchsi var. giarabubensis, 73 trevisani, Clypeaster, 57 trevisani, Macropneustes, 117 trevisani, Pliolampas, 87 Triadechinus, 35 multiporus, 35 Triadocidaris, 7 coronensis, 7 lungauensis, 7 triangularis, Macraster, 97 Trigonocidaris, 43 indica, 43 micropora, 43 radiata, 43 versicolor, 43 trigonopyga, Salenia, 26 trigonopygus, Astropygaulus, 88 trinitensis, Phymosoma, 31 Triplacidia, 43 fraasi var. boncevi, 43 hungarica, 43 trakyensis, 43 Tripneustes, 44 magnificus, 44 tobleri, 44 ventricosus austriacus, 44 tripolitana, Leiocidaris, 13 tripolitanus, Spatagoides, 92 Tripylus, 110 antonibensis, 110 pseudoviviparus, 110 tristichum, Sperosoma, 20 Tristomanthus, 88 podjarkovi, 88 podolicus, 88 Trochalosoma, 35 Trochotiara, 30 russoi, 30 trojana, Lefortia, 83 trojanus, Cassidulus (Cassidulus), 84 Tromikosoma, 20 truncata, Haimea, 54 truncata, Pseudocidaris, 28 tschopi, Paraster, 105 tuarkyrensis, Collyrites, 89 tubaria, Goniocidaris, 9 tuber, Hemiaster, 107 tuberculata, Anaulocidaris, 6 tuberculata, Cyrtocidaris tenuispina, var., 9 tuberculatus, Oligopygus, 53 tuberculinus, Cidaris, 15 tubifera, Stereocidaris, 10 tubillensis, Hemiaster, 100 tuderi, Rhyncholampas, 85 tumescens, Antipneustes, 107 tumescens, Clypeaster, 57 Turanglaster, 95 nazkii, 95 turbeti, Rhabdocidaris, 11 turibacoensis, Eupatagus, 115 turibacoensis, Megapatagus, 115 turneri, Miocidaris, 6 turriculata, Clypeaster portentosus, var., 56 Tylocidaris, 19 macneili, 19 pomifer herupensis, 19 pomifer var. masoviensis, 19 ravni, 19 rosenkrantzi, 19 salina, 19 wmdi, 19 tylotus, Phyllacanthus, 12 Typocidaris, 11 baumbergeri, 11 danica, 11 falgarsensis, 11 rosenkrantzi, 11 thalebensis, 11 182 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY tyrrenicus, Clypeaster, 56 tysoni, Phyllacanthus, 13 uddeni, Micraster, 110 ugoensis, Kewia, 71 ultimus, Peltastes, 26 umbella, Echinolampas, 79 uncertain family, 4, 19, 22, 23, 35, 44, 52, 55, 74, 95, 124 order, 19, 125 suborder, 55, 74, 124 superorder, 47 undulatus, Coelopleurus, 36 undulifera, Stereocidaris jaekeli, var., 10 unicarinatum, Phymosoma, 31 unicolor, Salenia, 25 unicolor, Salmacis belli, var., 42 unicus, Crinocidaris, 48 Unifascia, 120 Unifasciidae, 120 uniserialis, Cravenechinus, 5 untenensis, Laganum fudsiyama, 64 urcustensis, Dorocidaris, 16 Urechinidae, 94 Urechinina, 94 utahensis, Lenticidaris, 7 uvaldana, Lanieria, 50 uwajimensis, Hemiaster, 100 vadaszi, Echinolampas, 78 valenzuelai, Pericosmus, 102 valettei, Echinolampas, 80 Valsalenia, 26 marquassuzaai, 26 vanhoepeni, Holaster, 91 Vaquerosella, 71 vaquerosensis, Scutaster, 74 variabilis, Epiaster, 97 varians, Astrodapsis gregerseni, var., 70 variegata, Salmacis sphaeroides, var., 42 varnensis, Echinanthus , 89 varusensis, Rhabdocidaris, 12 vasatensis, Clypeaster, 57 vassilievskyi, Diplopodia, 29 vaughani, Globator, 52 vedadoensis, Schizaster, 104 vellai, Notocidaris, 8 venturillae, Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus), 116 venturillae, Lajanaster, 116 venustus, Ortholophus, 41 venzoi, Brissopatagus, 112 venzoi, Echinolampas, 80 venzoi, Prospalangus, 120 vepres, Cidaris, 14 Vernius, 48 verruculatus, Psammechinus, 48 versicolor, Trigonocidaris, 43 vetus, Diadema, 21 vicinoconoideus, Hypsoheteroclypus, 81 Victoriaster, 103 jamaicensis, 103 lamberti, 103 vieirai, Rotuloidea, 74 villadai, Hemicidaris, 27 villarensis, Echinocorys ovatus, 91 vinassai, Anaulocidaris, 6 vinassi, Botriopygus, 78 virescens, Opechinus albus, var., 40 viridis, Printechinus, 41 viridis, Rhopalocidaris hirsutispinus, var., 9 viridis, Temnopleurus michaelseni, var., 38 visedoi, Echinolampas, 79 visetensis, Palaeechinus, 4 vistulensis, Hemiaster, 99 vistulensis, Micraster, 110 vittatus, Coelopleurus, 36 vivaldii, Spherotiaris, 28 vizcainoensis, Dendraster, 68 vogdti, Plegiocidaris, 17 vogdti, Pseudocidaris, 28 vonderschmitti, Brissoma, 113 vonderschmitti, Encope, 73 waagei, Hardouinia, 83 waccamaw, Arbacia, 35 warrenensis, Lepidesthes, 2 warreni, Cavanechinus, 3 warthi, Conoclypeus, 53 Washitaster, 98, 101 barremicus, 101 japonicus, 101 macroholcus, 98, 101 waylandi, Metalia, 118 Weisbordella, 66 wellmanae, Phyllacanthus, 12 welschi, Galeropygus, 74 welschi, Glossaster, 84 welschi, Plegiocidaris, 18 westraliensis, Conoclypus, 52 wetmorei, Encope, 72 whitnalli, Lepidechinoides, 4 whitneyae, Pyrina, 51 whitneyi, Goniophorus, 26 whitneyi, Pseudodiadema, 28 whitneyi, Salenia, 25 wiedenmayeri, Encope, 73 wiedenmayeri, Heteroclypeus, 81 wiehensis, Pygorhytis ringens, 89 wilderae, Nucleolites, 76 ivilliamsi, Lytechinus, 43 wilmingtonica, Agassizia (Anisaster), 106 windi, Tylocidaris, 19 Winkleria, 32 maastrichtensis, 33 woodi, Echinocyamus, 62 woodi, Echinolampas, 78 woodringi, Astrodapsis, 71 woodringi, Echinolampas, 78 woynari, Brisaster townsendi, 107 wylliei, Acrosalenia, 24 wylliei, Clypeus, 75 Wythella, 66 Xenechinus, 5 parvus, 5 Xenocidaris, 6 caheni, 6 mariaeburgensis, 6 mariaeburgensis praemut. major, 6 yailensis, Rhabdocidaris, 11 yarboroughi, Pedinopsis, 30 yessoensis, Linthia, 108 yoloensis, Echinocorys, 92 yuasensis, Enallaster, 96 zamboninii, Clypeaster, 56 zanoletti, Anomalanthus, 58 zanoletti, Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus), 116 Zanolettia, 60 gigantea, 60 zanolettii, 60 Zanolettiaster, 116 herrerae, 116 zanoletti, Brissoides, 115 zanolettii, Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus), 85 zanolettii, Palmer aster, 98 zanoletti, Pericosmus, 103 zanolettii, Zanolettia, 60 zararensis, Acrosalenia, 24 zardinii, Cidaris, 15 zelandiae, Arachnoides, 60 Zenocentrotus, 46 kellersi, 46 paradoxus, 46 peregrinus, 46 Zeuglopleurus, 43 zinai, Catopygus, 77 zinai, Conulus, 51 zinai, Periaster, 109 zinai, Procassidulus, 86 zonarius, Stegaster, 93 zuberi, Hessotiara, 27 Zuffardia, 88 cerullii, 88 zuffardii, Gitolampas, 87 zuffardii, Hemipneustes, 93 zulianus, Phyllobrissus, 77 zululandensis, Hemiaster, 100 zyndeli, Oligopygus, 53 REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES PUBLICATION Manuscripts intended for series publication receive substantive review within their originating Smithsonian museums or offices and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press with approval of the appropriate museum authority on Form SI-36. 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