Tndian Museum Notes WU Ur we OG eto at Re =e U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM se LIBRARY OF Henry Guernsey Hubbard Eugene Amandus Schwarz 5 4 DONATED IN 1 — ACCESSION NO/./ / 4/8) aie - Washington, } Sees: ole if, | { No, 6. A CONSPECTUS OF THE INSECTS WHICH AFFECT CROPS IN INDIA(}). (W.B.—In the following conspectus the words large, small, minute, ete., as applied to insects, are merely intended to indicate their relative size as compared with other species in the same order. ] Tue following conspectus, which has been drawn up by the direction of the Trustees of the Indian Museum on the suggestion of the Government of India, com- prises the insects and mites which have, up to the present, been noted as attacking crops in India, To complete the subject the parasitic species have been included, as some of them are of great importance to Indian agriculture, on account of the wonderful effect which they have in keeping down injurious insects. The list is as complete as it has been possible to make it inthe present state of information on the subject, but much of it will no doubt require modification, and a large number of additions will have to be made when further investigation comes to be instituted in the field. The species have been arranged in the first instance in zoological order, so that the ones which are related to each other in structure and habits may be placed side by side. In accordance with a suggestion made by the Government of India, tables have been added in which the primary arrangement is accorded to the plants and other products attacked by the insects. These tables are divided under the headings of—I, Agricultural plants and produce; II, Forest and fruit-trees and their produce; III, Miscellaneous. They are likely to prove useful for purposes of reference, but it should be noticed that they are necessarily very incomplete; for what is at present known on the subject of inseet pests in India is chiefly derived from the reports and specimens that have been sent to the Indian Museum by people who, with few exceptions, have no special knowledge of entomology. he chief object of the senders, in the great majority of cases, has been merely to learn the name of the insect and to secure any information that might be forthcoming in the Museum on the subject of the best practical methods of dealing with it. Except, therefore, in cases where subsequent attacks of other crops, by similar insects, have happened to offer special features of fresh interest, the information received has generally related to the attack of the crop on which the insect was first noticed. The result is that, while the conspectus will probably be found to contain references to the majority of the insects which have lately proved destructive to Contents. (}) Help with the botanical unmes of the plants referred to in this paper has been most Kindly afforded by Mr. J. #, Duthie, Director of the Botanical Department, Northern India Wika 146 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol. Il. any very large extent in India, it is certain to be very deficient in ‘the list of crops and other products which these pests attack. This defect is being gradually remedied as information accumulates, but progress is necessarily slow. The habits of many of the insects that are recorded in this conspectus ‘Extent to which the habits have been more or less completely traced in of the insects are known. India, and the number of such species is con- stantly increasing. With regard to the remainder, although little has been done in observing them in India, yet, in the great majority of cases, a good deal is known as to the main features of their habits; for almost all of them are allied to, and some of them are actually identical with, species which have been kept under observation in other parts of the world. It is true that in some instances closely allied species are found to have very different habits, but the cases where this is likely to happen are fairly well known, so that upon the whole it does not seriously in- terfere with the reliability of the deductions that can be drawn from the work that has been done elsewhere. With regard to the relative importance of the insects that have been — included, some of them (¢.g., the mosquito blaght of tea, the coffee borer and green bug of coffee, the cut worms, sapper, and despa of rice, the borer ot sugarcane, and the weevzl of wheat) are known to do great damage in India; these are printed in capital letters to distinguish them from the majority of the species which, though they attack crops and are always liable to increase so as to do serious damage, are not actually known to have done so as yet. As information accumulates, many of the insects at present only recorded as occurring on crops will no doubt have to be transferred to the ranks of those which are known to do serious damage, while it will be possible to weed out others to form a third division of such insects as attack crops but are of no economic importance. In the present stage of the investigation the division of the insects, which are known to attack crops in India, into two groups, is all that can profit- ably be attempted. The difficulty in identifying insects is very great, for there are at The difficulty in identifying least twenty thousand different kinds of species. insects in India already deseribed, besides a vast number of mirute species which have hitherto been very much neglected by entomologists, though many of them are of great import- ance economically. Hach of these insects passes through several stages of growth,“which generally have no more resemblance to each other than the silk worm has to the moth into which it changes, Again, in the great majority of cases, the injury to the crops is done by immature insects. Now, the immature forms of different insects are Yheir relative importance. No. 6, J A Conspectus of Insects. 147 often so much like each other that entomologists are sometimes unable to determine precisely what an insect is, unless they are able to examine mature specimens. Mature specimens, however, are often difficult to get, for some insects take years in developing, while others are not easily reared under artificial conditions. Even when the meture form is fortheoming, the determination of the species does not by any means follow as a matter of course, for many insects, when full grown, still have much superficial resemblance to other insects, though in reality they may differ from them in important points. Again, the confusion which has been widely introduced into entomological writings, owing to the indis- eriminate manner in which new species have again and again been described on evidence olitained solely by examining limited collections of dried specimens, has added what is at present perhaps the greatest stumbling-block in the way of arriviny at the correct ideutification of Indian insects. It is generally impossible therefore to identify a species with certainty from a description, unless the description is a very minute one, and even then mistakes are always liable to occur, unless comparison can be made with authentically identified specimens. A treatise, therefore, of some length would be required to give sufficient descriptions to make it possible even to attempt the identification of all the insects that are noticed in this paper; and as the principal object in the present instance is to give a list of the species which affect crops, it has heen thought best merely to notice roughly what a few of the more important of them look like superficially, disregarding the fact that the same remarks would very often apply equally to other insects with different habtis. Much reliance cannot be placed in the accuracy of the Native names The extent to which the that are quoted; for, although some names Native names are reliable. appear to be used with great constaney lane dencting particular insects (as, for example, gand/z for the rice sapper— Leptocorisa acuta of Bengal), in many instances they seem to be used loosely and to have little more significance than such popular English terms as caterpillar, weevil, grub, and locust, all of which cover a multi- tude of distinet species—many of them with very different habits. Besides the inaccuracy due to the indefinite significance of many of the names themselves, great carelessness has also been noticed in the naming of some of the specimens that have been sent to the Museum, as, for instance, where some butterfly caterpillars and red Hemiptera were sent in one bottle under a single Native name, though it is scarcely credible that any one could have supposed that such different creatures were forms of one and the same animal. Again, whatis apparently one name often appears under several forms (¢.9., pamart, parult, and paval?, all 148 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol. II. for the rice Hzspa), The disentanglement of this subject requires more local knowledge than is possessed by the writer, and in the following paper therefore he has contented himself with quoting the native names that have been furnished to him, merely omitting the ones that are obvioualy misleading. CoLnoprERA = BEETLES. Cicindelide = Tiger beetles. 1. Cicindela sexpunctata ¥aby.—An active beetle, which devours other insects. Reported from Chumparun as very effectual in destroying the Rice sapper (Leptocorisa acuta). Carabidae = Ground beetles. ; 2. Calosoma orientale Hope.—An active black beetle, about the size of a small cockroach : it feeds on other insects, and has been reported as very useful in the Punjab in destroying young locusts of the species Acridium peregrinum. Trogositida. 3. Lrogosita mauritanica Linn.—A small brown beetle, which: in its grub stage does some injury to stored wheat (Zrztccum sativum) in Bengal, but which in its beetle stage is said to feed upon the Tineid moths, which are also destructive in granaries. Cucujide, 4, Silvanus surinamensis Linn.—A tiny little brown beetle, with white active grubs, which is a common warehouse pest in India. It has been reported as destructive to ships’ biscuit in Caleutta and to cholum (Sorghum vulgare) seed in Madras, It has also been found in date (Phenix dactylifera) fruit in the Calcutta bazar. Dermestide. 5. Dermestes vulpinus Fabr.—A little dark coloured beetle, with white hairy grubs, which is a common warehouse pest. It has been reported as destructive to stored silk cocoons in Rajshahye, also as de- structive to badly preserved skins. 6. Aithriostoma undulata Motsch.—(Trogoderma sp., of the British Museum)—A little brown beetle, with white hairy grubs, known as Kaprain the Delhi bazaar, where it is said sometimes to destroy as much as six or seven per cent. of wheat (Zrzéccum sativum) stored in godowns. Lucamide = Stag beetles. 7. Lueanus lunifer Hope.—A big dark-green coloured beetle, the male with enormously developed jaws. It is thought to be the species reported as very destructive in Naini Tal to oak trees (? Querews sp.) into the wood of which the grubs tunnel (Z/ompson), No. 6. J A Conspectus of Insects. 149 Welolonthini = Cockchafers or White grubs, 8. LAcHNosTERNA ImPRUESSA Burm.—A thick-set brown beetle, with curved white fleshy grubs, which were reported as very destructive in gardens in Darjeeling in the year 1883. The insect did a great deal of damage to young tea (Camelia thetfera) plants in the same district in October 1891. 9. Lachnosterna pinguis Walker.—Said to be one of the insects known as white grub, which have proved very destructive to coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon. The insect is chiefly known by the curved white fleshy grubs which are found in the ground about the roots of the coffee bushes on which they feed. 10. Ancyclonycha sp.—Another of the insects known as white grub in Ceylon coffee (Coffea arabica) estates (Nietner). 11. Undetermined cockchafer larvé were reported as very destructive to paddy (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea Mays) in Chittagong in 1881. Dynastint = Goliath beetles, 12. Onyotss. RutNoceRos Linn.—A large black or brown beetle, with a protuberance like the miniature horn of a rhinoceros on the upper part of its head. It has been reported as very injurious to palm trees, especially cocoanut (Cocos nucifera) palms in Madras and Singapore; it has also been noticed in Calcutta, The Cinghalese name for it is said to be Gascooroomimga. It damages palm trees by cutting large holes through the young leaf shoots. Buprestidae. 13. Chrysobothris sex-notata Gory.—Thought to be the insect reported by Mr. Thompson as boring into sal (Shorea robusta) wood after it is _ felled, sometimes rendering the timber unfit for use. 14. Psiloptera fastuosa Paby.—Said to attack teak (Tectona grandis) trees in Malabar. 15. Belionota seutellaris Fabr.—Thought to be the insect reported by Mr. Thompson as boring into the wood of the Ahazr tree (Acacia Catechu). 16. Sphenoptera gossypii Kerremans.—A small species, which has been reported to injure cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) plants in Nagpur, the larve tunneling into the stems. 17. Undetermined Buprestide,—A large species, said to tunnel into mango (Mangifera iudica) trees (Thompson) ; also a small species said to attack chir (Pinus longifolia), sometimes rendering the wood unfit for beams (Thompson) ; and a species which has been sent to the Museum as _ boring into poplar (? Populus euphratica) trees in Baluchistan. (V.B.—In the case of the Buprestidw the injury is done by the immature insert which tunnels into timber. The larve are flattened legless grubs, with the front portion of the body expanded laterally). 150 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol. II, Ptinide. 18. Gzbbiwm scotias Fabr.—A tiny brown beetle, reported from Behar as injuring the outer portion of opium (Papaver somniferum) cakes by tunneling into them. 19. Lastoperma tTestacsum Duft. (the Cheroct weevil).—A little brown beetle with white grubs. Itis said to seriously interfere with the trade in Indian tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacwm). It has also been noticed as attacking stored rice (Oryza sativa), saffron (Crocus sativus), and the leaf coverings of opium (Papaver somniferum) cakes. The larve tunnel through and through the substances they attack, making holes the big- gest of which are about a sixteenth of an inch in diameter. 20. Riczopertha pusilla Faby.—A little brown leetle, which is a com- mon warehouse pest. It has been reported in India as attacking stored wheat (Zrztécum sativum), cholum (Sorghum vulgare) seed, and ships’ bis- cuits. 21. Dinopwrus sp. (the Bamboo insect).—A small brown beetle with white grubs. It is very destructive to bamboos (Buimbusa sp.) in all parts of India. Itis said to be known in the North-Western Provinces as ghoox and in Mysore as cootee. The minute holes with which bamboos ave so often studded are the work of this insect. 22. Canophrada anobzoides Waterh, Bostrychus sp. and Sinoxylon sp. Small black beetles, all of which have been reported as tunneling into guava (Psidium Guava) trees in Hazaribagh, Tenebrionida. 23, Opatrum depressum Fabr.—A little flat beetle, which has been reported as attacking linseed (Lenum usitatessimum) and wheat. (Treticwm sativum) plants. 24, Tribolium ferrugineum Faby. —A tiny little, brown beetle, which is 2 Common warehouse pest in India. It has been reported as damaging ships’ biscuit in Calcutta, 25. Obscure Tenebrionid larve have heen reported fom Mysore as damaging sandalwood (Santalwm allum) trees by boring intu the stems, Cantharide = Blister beetles. 26. Hpicauta rouxt Cast, also #. tenuicollis Pall. Said to attack cholum (Sorghuzs vulgare) plants in Madras. ; Curculionide = Weevils. 27. Catanpra oryzm Linn. (the Wheat and Rice Weevil of India). Very destructive to stored wheat (Zrztiewm satinun), rice (Oryza sativa), and cholum (Sorghum vulgare) seed. Known in the Delhi bazar as sudsz, No. 6. ] A Conspectus of Insects. 151 The loss occasioned by this insect to wheat exported from India has been estimated at as much as 23 per cent. The insect itself isa tiny brown beetle, with long snout and elbowed antenne. Its young are little white legless grubs, which inhabit the erains. 28. RayncHoruoRus FERRUGINEUS Olivy,—The larve of this large wee- vilare white fleshy legless grubs; they tunnel into the trunks of date (Phenrax dactylifera), cocoanut (Cocus nucifera) and other palms in India, and kill a large number of trees. 29. Cyrtotrachelus due Bohem.—A large brown weevil, the male with enormously developed fore legs, has been reported as destroying the youne succulent asparagus-like shoot of the hill bamboo (Dendro- calamus Hamiltoni in Sikkim. 30. Calandra sp.—Said to damage stored opium (Papaver somni- Serum) seed (Scott). 31. Cryptorhynchus mangifere Pabr.—A small earth-coloured weevil, with white legless grubs. Itis said to be very destructive to mango (Mangifera indica) fruit in Bengal and Sylhet. / — 82. Astycus lateralis Faby.—A small greenish weevil, reported in the beetle stage as defoliating mulberry (J/orws) bushesin Rangoon. Also thought to be the species which has been reported by Mr. Thompson as tunneling into the timber of chir (Pinus longifolia) in the North-West- ern Provinees ; in this case the injury is no doubt done by the larve. 33. Stpalus granulatus Faby.—Thought to be the species which has been reported by Mr. Thompson as tunneling into Dhak (Butea fron- dosa) in the North-West Provinces. 34, Desmidophorus hebes Faby.—Reported as attacking Hibiscus plants in Durbhanga. 35. Sitones sp.—A small weevil, thought to belong to this genus, has been reported as destructive to opium (Papaver somniferum) seedlings in Ghazipur. 36, Arhines destructor Neitner.—Said to attack the leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon, occasionally doing considerable injury (Nietner). 37. Cylas turcipennis Nietner.—Said to be destructive to sweet potatoes (/pomea Bataias) in Ceylon (Nietner). 88. Sphenophorus planipennis Nietner.—Said to injure cocoanut (Cocosnucifera) trees in Ceylon (Nietner). 39. Apion strobilantht Desbroch.—Reported as destructive to the seed of the herbaceous weed (Sérobilanthes pectinatus) in Sikkim. 40, Undetermined Curculionidae larve have been reported as very de- structive to young mahogany (Swietenwia Mahagon) trees in the Western Dooars. They were found tunneling beneath the bark, 152 Indian Museum Notes. { Vol. IL. Al. A minute undetermined weevil, said to have been excessively de- structive to the seed of sal (Shorea robusta) trees in the North-Western _ Provinces in the year 1863 (Thompson). 42. A small undetermined weevil, reported as destroying 90 per cent. of the seed of the forest tree (Quercus pachyphylla) in Darjeeling. Scoly tide. 43. Drypodendron domesticum Linn., also 7, siguatum Kabr.— Minute brown beetles, which are said to attack the casks in which beer is shipped to India, 44. XyLEBORUS PrRroRANS Wollast. (=X. saxeseni Dist.).—A little brown beetle, considerably bigger than the preceding. Itis thought to be the species. which so often drills small holes into the staves of casks im which beer is shipped to India. Itis also said to have proved very des- tructive to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) in the West Indies, and is likely to prove troublesome in a similar manner in India, 45. Diapus impressus Jauson.—A minute brown beetle, reported as tunneling into oak stumps (Quercus sp.) in the North-West Hima- layas. 46. Polygraphus sp. (allied to P. pubescens of Europe). —A minute brown beetle, reported as tunneling into the bark of Paws excelsa trees. It is not thought to do any very serious injury. 47, Pityogenes scitus Bland.—A minute brown beetle, which tunnels into the shoots of conifers. Little is known about it. 48. Platydactylus sexspinosus Motsch.—A small brown beetle, re- ported as destructive to paddy (Oryza sativa) in Burma. The injury is due to its tunneling into the stalks. 49. Undetermined species of Scolytida, perhaps identical with some of the above, have been noticed as very destructive in India to the oak (Quercus incana) ; also to immature sal (Shorea robusta) and cher (Pinus longifolia) timber. Like the bamboo borer (which, however, belongs to a different group of heetles), these insects are known in the North-West Provinces as ghoon (Thompson), Bruchida. 50. Brucuvs cuivensts Linn,— The small brown gram weevil of Cal- cutta, It is very destructive to stored pulses (Cajanus endicus, etc.). It is said to be known in Nuddea as Giora poka, and in Ganjam as Pesala puruga. The larve are little white grubs which inhabit the pulse seeds. 51. Bruchus emarginatus Allard. var,— The large ervey pea weevil of the Caleutta bazar. It attacks stored peas (Piswm sativum, ete) ex- actly as the gram weevil attacks pulses. No. 6. ] A Conspectus of Insects, 153 52. Caryoborus gonagra Kaby.—A small brown beetle about the size ofa pea. Its larvee, which are little white legless grubs, do some damage to the tamarind (Zamarindus zndica) in Calcutta, by tunneling into the seed. 53. Bruchus sp.—Said to damage stored poppy (Papaver somniferum) seed (Scott). Cerambycida = Longicornes. 54. XyLoTRucHUS QUADRUPUS Chevr.—The coffee—borer of Southern Tndia and the whzte or Indian borer of Ceylon coffee planters, This is a slender beetle about three quarters of an inch in length; it proved exceedingly destructive to coffee (Coffea arabica) in Southern India about the year 1867. Asin the case of other Cerambycide the larva is a white fleshy leeless grub, with powerful jaws and hardened cuticle suitable for its lifein the wood of the coffee stem. The damage is due to the holes which the grubs bore into the stems of the coffee bushes. 55. Celosterna scabrata Fabr.—The sdl girder. Reported as dam- aging sal (Shorea robusta) trees in Oudh. A large thick-set beetle with long antenne. It damages the tree by ringing the shoots in order to yender them suitable for the reception of its eggs. 56. Plocederus obesus Gahan. (= P. pedestris Cotes). Reported as tunneling into sdl (Shorea robusta), jingham (Odina Wodier), and into dhak (Butea frondosa). It is a brown beetle, about an inch and a half in length, with long antennze. When full grown, its larva shelters itself in a curious egg-like case which is to be found in the burrow in the timber. 57. Neocerambyx holosericeus Fabr. (= Cerambyx vatica Thompson). —Reported as attacking sal (Shorea robusta) and s4j (Lerminalia tomentosa) in the North-West Provinces, also teak (Zectona grandis) in Kulsi, Assam. It is a large beetle, covered with golden pubescence. 58. Stromatium barbatum Fabr.—Noticed as attacking the sapwood of dry khair (Acacia Catechu) wood in the Dehra Forest School Museum, also packing-cases made of dealwood (nus sp.) in Calcutta, and grow- ine teak trees (Zectona grandis) in the Kulsi plantation. 59. Batocera rubus Short. = Curwminga of the Cinghalese.—A large beetle said to tunnel into cocoanut (Cocos nuezfera) trees (Short). 60. Batocera sp. Said to bore into the wood of the wild willow tree (Salix tetrasperma) (Thompson), 61, Monohamus soongua Thompson (= Batocera sp.).—Said to attack a number of trees, including the scemud (Bombaw malabaricum) the soangna (Moringa pterygosperma), and the roongra (Lrythrina suberosa), much injury being often done by it (Thompson). 154 Iudian Museum Notes. [ Vol, I. 62. Stromatium asperulum White, and AYgosoma lacertosum Pascoe, —Both reported as tunneling into teak (Lectona grandis) in the Kulsi plantation. Chrysomelide. 63. Hispa ZNusceNs Baly (the rice Hispa of Bengal).—Very des- tructive to young paddy (Oryza sativa) plants. A small beetle, dark green in colour, covered with minute prickles. Like other Chrysomelide, it injures the plant by feeding on the leaves. ‘The Native names of the insect, as reported from Lower Bengal, are parwli, pavali poka, pamart, sankt, shaukipoka, and sankapoka; while in Chittagong it is said to be known as Burma chaudali, and in Durbhunega as kal or mudhwa. 64. Diapromorpha melanopus Lacord. (known as the Orange beetle). —A small yellow beetle, reported as attacking tea (Camellia theifera) shoots in Sibsagar, Assam. 65, Aulacophora abdominalis Fabr. A small yellow beetle, report- ed from Saharanpore as attacking Cucurbitacee of ail kinds; from elsewhere in the North-West Provinces it has been reported as attacking water caltrop (Zrapa bispinosa) ; from Ganjam it has been reported as attacking cotton (Gossypium herhacewm), gram (Cicer arietinum), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus); from Nuddea it has been reported as “injurious to plants and vegetables ;”? while from Hooghly it has been reported as attacking paddy (Oryza sativa). 66. Aspidomorpha milttaris Pabr,—A little golden-coloured shield- shaped beetle, with black markings. Reported as defoliating Convolvu- laceze. 67. Haltica nigro-fusca Pearson,—Said to attack the leaves of garden vegetables in the Himalayas, also indigo (Iuaigofera tinetoria) in Rungpore (Pearson). 68. Chatocnemis basalis Baly.—Said to attack paddy (Oryza sativa) seedlings in Burma (Shipley). Coceinellide = Lady-bird beetles. 69. Chilocorus cireumdatus Schonh.—A little beetle, said to prey upon the drown bug (Lecaniwm coffee) of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). 70, Seymnus rotundatus Motsch.—Said to prey on the white bug (Pseudococeus adouidum) of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). : 71. Lpilachna viginti-octo-punctata fabr.—This insect (contrary to the usual habits of the members of the family) has been found defoliat- ing pumpkin (Cucurbitacee) in Dehra. It is also reported as destroying whole fields of brinjal (Sotanum Melongena) plants in Burdwan, and as attacking this plant in Balasore. No, 6. J A Conspectus of Insects. 155 HiYMENOPTERA. Formicidae. - 72. Solenopsis gemminata Fabr.—An ant, thought to belong to this species, reported asinjuring potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers in Thayet- myo, Burma. Ichneumomida. 73. Pimpla punctator Linn.—A_ yellow and black wasp-like insect with long body. It is parasitic upon the caterpillars of a number of wild silk moths. 74. Pteromalus oryze Cameron.—A minute coppery-green coloured insect, believed to be parasitic upon the wheat and rice weevil (Calandra Oryza). Chalcidida. 75. Chaleis (Brachymeria) euplea Westw.—Parasitie on the Dooars tea and sal caterpillar (Dasychira thwattesiz). It is a little four-winged insect, about the size of a house fly. 76. Chalets cricul@ Koh],—Said to ke parasitic on wild Cricula silk- worms in Ranchi. 77. Cormsta FLAyIPES Cameron.—A minute fly-like insect, which is parasitic upon the sorghum-borer (? Dzatrea saccharalis). It has been noticed as very effectual in keeping this destructive borer in check. 78. dphelinus thee Cameron.—A minute fly-like insect, said to attack the tea scale bug (Chzonaspis thee Maskell). 79. Cirrhospilus coccivorus Motsch. MS.—Said to be parasitic on the brown bug (Lecanium coffee) which attacks coffee (Coffea arabica) in Ceylon Nietner). 80. Hneyrtus nietneri Motsch.—A minute yellowish fly-like insect, said to be parasitic both on the brown bug (Lecanium coffee) and also on the white bug (Psewdococeus adonidum) which attack coffee (Coffea arabica) in Ceylon (Nietner), 81. Eneyrtus paradisicus Motsch. MS.—Said to be parasitic on the brown bug (Lacaniwm coffee) of Ceylon (Nietuer). 82. Seutellista cyanea Motsch,—Said to be parasitic on the brown bug (Lecanium coffee) of coffee (Coffea arabica) in Ceylon (Nietner). 85. Marietta leopardina Nietner,—Said to be parasitic on the brown bug (Lecanium coffee) in Ceylon, (Nietrer). 84. Chartocerus musciformis Motsch.—Said to attack the white bug (Pseudococcus adonidum) of coffee (Coffea arabica) inCeylon (Nietner). 85. Cephaleta purpureiventris, Motsch., C. brunneiventris Motsch., also C. fusciventris Motsch. MS.—Said to he parasitic on the brown bug (Lecanium coffee) of coffee (Coffea arabica) in Ceylon (Nietner). 156 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol. Il, Proctotruydea, 86. Platugaster oryze Cameron,—A minute fly-like four-winged insect which attacks the rice fly (Ceczdomyia oryze W. Mason). RHOPALOCERA = BUTTERFLIES. Lycaenidae = Blues and coppers. 87, Virachola isocrates Faby.—The caterpillar of this graceful pur- plish butterfly bores into loquat (ryobotrya japonica), guava (Psidium Guana), and pomegranate (Punzca Granatum) fruit, but does not often oceasion any very extensive injury (De Niceville). 88. Lampides elpts Godart.—VThe caterpillar of this butterfly has beeu reported to tunnel into cardamom (Hettaria Cardamomum) seeds in Ceylon, where it is said to do a considerable amount of injury. Pierine = White butterflies. $9. Mancipium nepalensis Grey.—The caterpillar of this butterfly has been reported as attacking gram (Cicer artetinum), linseed (Lonwm usitatissimum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), and other plants in Umballa. Papilionide = Swallow-tuiled butterflies. 90. Papilio erithonius Cramer (also allied species). —The eaterpillene of these large butterflies have been reported as doing a considerable amount of damage by defoliating young oranges (Citrus Aurantium) and lemon (Citrus medica) trees in different parts of India. Hesperide = Skippers, 91. Gangara thyrsis Fabr.—The caterpillar of this butterfly has been reported as destructive to the leaves of cocoanut palms (Cocos nucz- Fera) in Malabar. 92. Suastus gremius Fabr—The caterpillar of this butterfly has been reported as attacking paddy (Oryza sativa) in Bangalore, where it is said to be known locally as Pattanaz. (Information somewhat doubtful.) Heterocera = Morus. Aigertida, Cosside, Hepialide and Allies, (Caterpillars all wood-borers,) 93. SpHECIA OMMATIB-FoRMIS Moore (Aigeriide).—The caterpillar of _this moth is said to do considerable damage to poplar (? Populus euphra- tica) trees in Baluchistan by tunneling into the stem close to the ground. The moth is a brightly coloured insect, which looks superficially almost exactly like a big yellow and brown wasp. i Nal pe lal No. 6, ] A Conspectus of Insects. 157 94, Zwuzera corre® Nietner (Cosside).—Known as the red borer of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Southern India, The caterpillar tunnels into coffee stems and has been. reported to do considerable damage on coffee estates. It has also been reported as tunneling into the stems of tea (Camellia theifera) bushes in Ceylon and Cachar, and into the stems of young sandalwood (Santalum album) trees in Mysore. The moth is a fluffy white insect, speckled with dark greenish spots. The caterpillars are reddish grubs. 95. Phassus purpurescens Moore (Hepialide). The caterpillar of this moth is said to tunnel into the wood of cinchona (Cznehona sp.) in Ceylon (Moore). 96. Undetermined caterpillars belonging to this group of wood-borers have been reported as follows :—(1) a large red caterpillar, probably belonging to the genus Zeuzera, reported as very destructive to teak (Lectona grandis) trees in ‘lvavancore; (2) caterpillars said to attack teak in Nilambur, Malabar; (3) caterpillars said to be very destructive to the charcoal tree (Sponta orventalis) in South India (Bidie) ; (4) caterpillars reported as doing serious damage to orange (Citrus Auran- tium) and guava (Psidium Guava) trees in Lucknow. Psychide = Bag worms. (Caterpillars inhabit cases.) 97. Babula grotec Moove.—The caterpillar of this little moth shelters itself in a cone-shaped case which it carries about upon its back. It defoliates ornamental bushes, such as Lagerstremia and roses (Rosa sp.), in Caleutta. It is also thought to be the species which has been reported as attacking the gallnut tree (? Terminalia Chebula) in the Madras presidency. 98. Lumeta cramert Westw.—The caterpillar of this moth builds a ease almost exactly like a miniature faggot of sticks, in the middle of which it lives. Ithas been reported as defoliating tea (Camellia theifera) bushes in Assam, Sikkim, and Ceylon, but does not appear to oceasion any very serious injury. It is sometimes known as the Faggot worm. 99. Humeta sikkima Moore.—The caterpillar of this moth builds a large rough case out of bits of leaves and stick, It is said to defoliate sal (Shorea robusta) tvees in Sikkim, occasionally also attacking tea (Camellia theifera) bushes. It does not seem to do much damage. 100. Govisana bipars ? Walker.—'he caterpillar of this moth has been reported as defoliating tea (Camediia theifera) bushes in Sikkim ; it is said sometimes to kill the bushes by stripping off the bark to form its case. 101. An undetermined Psyedzd has been reported as defoliating tea (Camellia theifera) plants in Ranchi. 158 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol. II. Limacodida. 102. Parasa lepida Cramer (= Limacodes graciosa Nietner).— Known as the “ Blue-striped nettle grub *’ by Ceylon planters ; has been reported as defoliating tea (Cumellia theifera) and coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner and Green). 103. Narosa conspersa Walker.—Said to attack the leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). 104. Natada velutina Kollar, or an allied species, reported as defo- liating young mango (Mangifera indica) trees in Poona, 105. Purasa sp.—A slug-like caterpillar, thought to belong to this genus, has been reported as attacking young gram (Cicer arcetinum) plants in Ganjam, The local name given for the insect was dhu-telu, 106. Undetermined Linacodide have been reported as follows :—(1) caterpillars destructive to paddy (Oryza satira) in the Bhamo district, Burma: (2) caterpillars which defoliated tea (Camellia theifera) bushes in the Darrang district, Assam: (3) caterpillars which defoliated young mahogany (Swietenia Mahagont) trees in Bangalore. Notodontidea. 107. Stawropus alternus Walker, or the “ Lobster caterpillar,” said to attack the foliage of tea (Camellia theifera) and cocoa {Theobroma Cacao) plants in Ceylon (Green). Arctiidae, Liparide, and Lasiocampide. [ These are fluffy moths with hair-covered defoliiting caterpillars. ] 108. Aloa lactinea Cramer (Arctida).—- Reported as a very injurious defoliator in the Sambalpur district, Central Provinces, where it is known as Palu-pok. It is also noticed by Mr. Nietner as occasionally attacking the leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon. 109. Spilosoma suffusa Walker (Arctiid@).—Caterpillars thought to belong to this species have been reported as attacking til (Sesamwm indt- cum) and other crops in Nagpur. 110. Sprtosoma sp. (Arctiid@).—Caterpillars closely allied to the pre- ceding have heen received from Maldah, where they are said to be very destructive to jute (Corchorus sp.) ; also from Ganjam, where they are reported as attacking gingelly (Sesamum indicwm), castor-oil (Rocinus communts),and other plants. In Ganjam the local name for the insect is said to be Gongali purugu. 111. Dasycutra TowArTEsii Moore (Liparidz).—Reported as doing much damage by defoliating tea (Camellia theifera) and sal (Shorea ro- busta). The sal trees throughout two hundred square miles of forest in Assam are said to have been defoliated by it in 1878. t q b | | No. 6. ] A Conspectus of Insec ts. 159 112. Artaza Limbata Butler (Liparide). Reported as defoliating young mango (Mangifera cndica) plants in Poona. 113. Olene mendosa Hibn. (Liparide).—Reported as attacking the leaves of tea (Camellia theiferi) bushes in Darjeeling. 114. Orgyia ceylunica Nietner (Liparid).—Said to attack tea (Camellia theifera) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner), 115. Luprostis virguncula Walker (Liparide).—Said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon-—(Nietner). 116. Drichia extgua Feld. MS. (Liparide).—Said to attack coffee (Coffea urabica) bushes in Ceylon—(Nietner). 117. Spalyria minor Moore (Lasiocampide),—A hairy caterpillar, reported as attacking numerous plants in Shwebo, Burma, where it is said to be known locally as Pagaungde or Rugaungde. 118. UNpsTERMIN®D HalR-COVERED CATERPILLARS, allied to the pre- ceding, have been reported as follows :— (1) a species which is thought to be Liparid, said to have defoliated sal (Shorea robusta) in Kulsi, Assam ; (2) caterpillars said to have been very destructive to paddy (Oryza sativa) in Ranchi ; (8) caterpillars said to attack rao¢ crops in Monghyr, where they are known as Bhua; (4) caterpillars said to do much damage to paddy in Burma in the rainy season ; (5) caterpillars which are thought to be Arctiidz, said to have attacked tea (Camellia theifera).in Jorhat, Assam ; (6) caterpillars said to attack rape-seed (Brasszca glauca) in the Umballa district ; (7) processional caterpillars said to have defoliated oak (Quercus jamellosa) trees in Sikkim. Noctues. [| These are generally thick-bodied moths with thread-like antenne. Their laryze ave smooth caterpillars, usually with four pairs of prolegs and one pair of anal claspers. ] 119, AcH#a mEiicerts Drury (Ophiuside).—A greyish moth, the hind wings dark brown, marked with greyish white. ‘The caterpillars are said to be known as Janga purugu in Madras, and as Nooludaram purugu in Ganjam, ‘hey have been reported as defoliating castor-oil (Ricinus communis) plants in Madras, Ceylon, Calcutta, Assam, and Bellary ; also as attacking dhal (Cajanus iudieus) plants in Dehra Dun, and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarwm), paddy (Oryza sativa), and brinjal (Sodanwm Melongena) plants in Ganjam. 160 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol, II. 120. Hetiornis armignra Hiibn. (Heliothide).—This is a small greyish moth, with dusky brown hind wings, The caterpillar attacks crops in all parts of the world and is most destructive. In India it has been reported as follows :—attacking paddy (Uryza sativa) in Backer- gunj, where it is said to be known as /eda ; attacking paddy in Sambalpur, Central Provinces, where it is said to be known as Aarnipok; attacking paddy in Khulna; attacking the hemp (Cannatds sativa) plant in Ben- gal; attacking khesari (Laéhyrus sativus) in Patna, where, like other Noctues caterpillars, it is said to be known as Jurka; attacking pulse (especially Voliehos Lablab) in Bangalore; attaciimg poppy (Papaver somniferum) capsules in Behar, where it has been described under the name of Mameslra papaverorum Scott. It is thought to be the species which is said to be known as Aaja in Monghyr, where it is reported to do great damage by devouring both paddy and rabi crops. It is likely to be the species referred to by Duthie and Faller as Jahadura, an insect which they notice as very destructive to gram and pea crops (Leguminose) in the North-West Provinces. Ii is also likely to damage the immature bolls of the cotton plant (Gossypium herbaceum) in India, for in the United States, where it is known as the boll worm, it does a vast amount of damage in this way to the cotton crop. 121. Mudaria cornifrons Moore (Hadenide),—The caterpillar of this moth injures the pods of the silk cotton tree (? Bombax malabaricum) in Caleutta by tunneling into them. 122. Polytela gloriosa Fabr. (Glottulide).— A brightly coloured vellow and black caterpillar, which does some damagein gardens, both in Caleutta and in Dehra, by defoliating ornamental plants. 123. Deucania extrania Guen. (Leucaniide).—Reported as doing much damage in Bengal by biting off young paddy (Oryza sativa) plants. It has also been found feeding upon ornamental oat (Avena sativa) plants in Calcutta, and is said to attack the pea (P2sum sativum) in Patna. 124, Leucania loreyi Dup. (Leucaniide).—One of the insects known in Sambalpur, Central Provinces, as harnipok. It isreported to have de- stroyed an eighth of the paddy (Oryza sativa) crops in some parts of Sambalpur in September 1858. 125. Laphygma exigua Hiibn. (Apamiidze).—The caterpillar of this ” moth has been reported as attacking the lentil plant (Zrvwm Lens). 126. Prodenia lttoralis Boisd. (Apamiide).—The caterpillar of this moth has been reported as attacking mulberry (Morus) bushes. 127. Galleriomorpha lichenoides Felder MS. (Hypogrammid).— Said occasionally to attack coffee (Coffea laratica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). ‘ } No. 6. ] A Conspectus of Insects. 161 128. Acrotis seqetum Schiff. (Noctuide).—A smooth earth-coloured caterpillar, which does a good deal of damage in coffee estates in South- ern India and Ceylon by biting off the young coffee (Coffea arabica) plants close to the ground. It is known by coffee-planters as the ringer. In India it is believed to be confined to comparatively high elevations, such as the Himalayas and the Nilgiris. It is well known in Europe as a destructive Cut worm to many crops. 129. Acrotis surrusA Fabr. (Noctuide).—The caterpillar of this cosmopolitan moth does a great deal of damage in India by biting off young plants of all kinds close to the ground. It has been reported as follows :—(1) attacking young opium (Papaver somniferum) plants: in this connection it is said tobe known in Ghazipur as herowna, in Fatehearh as swree, and in Behar as fumwah ; (2) attacking young tea (Camellia theifera) plants in Ceylon; (3) attacking potato (Solunum tuberosum) plants in Kurseong ; (4) attacking such rabi crops as mustard (Brassica) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) in Jessore ; (5) attacking young plants of wheat (Triticum sativum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), gram (cicer arietinum), oats (Avena sativa), and peas (Pisum sativum), in Murshidabad and Tipperah; (6) attacking the leguminous plant Lathyrus sativus in Patna. When full grown, the caterpillars are smooth earth-coloured grubs, about a couple of inches in length and as thick as lead pencils ; they are to be found in holes in the fields they frequent. 130. Ochropleura flammatra Linn. (Noctuide).—The caterpillars of this moth are much like those of Agrotis suffusa; they have been reported as attacking opium (Papaver somniferum) plants in the same manner, 131. Plusia nigrisigna? Walker (Plusiide).—Said to attack the gram plant (Cicer wrietinwm) in Patna. 132. Undetermined Noctues scaterpitiars have been reported as fol- lows :—(1) boring into the seeds of the Tur plant (Cajanus ¢ndicus) in Nagpur ; (2) doing much!damage to rabi crops in Orissa, where they are known as dala mundi ; injurious to crops in Tipperah (Bengal), where they are known as eda poka; (4) attacking red gram and country beans (Leguminose) in Ganjam, where they are known as handula purugu or penki purugu: (5) attacking paddy (Oryza sativa) in South Arcot; (6) attacking such rabi crops as mustard (Brassica), barley (Hordeum vulgare), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), and wheat (Triticum sativum) in Budaon; (7) cutting off potato plants in Rajshahye; (8) defoliating teak (Zectona' grandis) trees in Midnapore ; (9) injuring jute (Corchorus) plants in Maldah, 162 Indian Museum Notes. { Vol. II. Geometres. {The moths are usually slender-built creatures, with large wings and comb-like antenne. The caterpillars are long, slender, smooth creatures, which have but few prolegs, and these set very far back; they hump up the middle of the body iatoa loop in progressing, and are hence called doopers. 183. Epithecia coffearia Felder MS. (Larentide).—Said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). 134. Boarmia leucostigmaria Felder MS.; also Boarmia zeylamcaria Felder MS. (Boarmids).—Both said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon. 135. Obscure Looper caterpillars, reported as defoliating tea (Camellia theifera) bushes in Nowgong, Assam. Deltoides. 186. Dragana pansalis Walker (Herminiide).—A small moth, said to be injurious to sugarcane (Saccharum oficinarum) ; nothing further is known about it. Microlepidoptera. [Minute moths, with very various habits. ] 137. Dratraca saccuaratis Cotes (Crambide).—The caterpillars of this moth are little white grubs, about an inch in lenoeth, They tunnel into sugarcane (Saccharum officonarum) and maize stalks (Zea Mays), and do a great amount of damage in India. Closely allied or identical msects tunnel into sorghum stalks (Sorghum vulgare), not, only destroying much of the crop, but also rendering the plant unwholesome to cattle. The insect is said by Duthie and Fuller to be known by the natives of the North-West. Provinces, in the case of sugarcane as s2/az, and in the ease of sorghum as éhaunri, The sugarcane borer has been reported from Baroda, where it was said to be known as narkote ; from the Rungpore, Hooghly, and Burdwan districts, where it was said to be known as dhosah ; from Mymensingh, where it was said to be known as mandaruah ; from Ganjam, where it was said to be known as monjikila puruguw; from Sib- pore, where it was said to be known as mayera; and from Cawnpore, where it was said to be known as reotha, An allied caterpillar tunnels into the stems of brinjal (Solanum Melongena) plants: this insect has been reported from Ganjam, where it is said to be known as vanga purugu ; also from Berhampore ané Ranchi, 188. Hudioptes indica Saunders (Margaronide).—Described a attacking the leaves of cotton (Gossyyzwm herbaceum) plants in Java, I is likely also to occur in India. Ss No, 6. ] A Conspectus of Insects. 163 139, Maruca sp. (Margaronide).—The caterpillar of an undescribed species of moth, reported by Colonel Swinhoe to be allied to this genus, tunnelsinto the mango (Wangifera indica) fruit in Caleutta. 140, Paraponyx oryzalis Wood-Mason (Hydrocampide).—The caterpillar of this species is aquatic in its habits. It has been reported as attacking paddy (Oryza sativa) in Burma, where it is known as Palanbyoo or Teindoung-bo (Wood-Mason). 141. Maeiria ropusta Moore (Phycitidee).—The caterpillar of this moth tunnels into the young shoots of toon (Cedreda Toona) trees. It has been reported as very injurious to toon trees in Dehra and Ceylon, and is also said to tunnel into young branches of mahogany (Swielenda Mahagont) trees, and into the green seed pods of toon. The caterpillars are little white grubs, which are to be found in the young terminal shoots. 142. Nephopteryx puniceella Moore (Phycitidee).—The caterpillar of this moth tunnels into the pomegranate (Punica Granatum) fruit in Baluchistan, 143. Neghopterya sagittiferella Moore (Phycitidee).—The caterpillar tunnels into pummalo (Cztrus decumana) aud lime (Citrus medica) fruit in Perak, where it is reported as doing a good deal of damage, 144. Cuito oryzmettus? Riley (Crambide).—The caterpillar of a moth, which is closely related to this destructive American species, has been reported as tunneling into paddy (Oryza saézva) stalks in the Thana district, Bombay ; also as tunneling into paddy in Backerganj, where itis known locally as magra, A very similar caterpillar has been reported as attackine wheat (Zriticwm sativum) ina similar manner in Nagpur and Poona, 145. Sphenarches cafier Zeller (Pterophoride).—The caterpillar of thig minute plume moth tunnels into the pods of the popat plant (Dolichos Lablab) in Nagpur. It is said tobe known as mehadz. 146. Pandemis menciana Walker (= Capua menciana Durrant = Cacecia sp. Green). A Tortricid said to damage the leaves of tea (Camellia theifera) plants in Ceylon (Green), 147. Vortrie coffearia Felder MS. (Tortricide).—Said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). 148. Depressaria gossypiella Saunders (Plutellide).—The caterpillar of this moth is said to tunnel into cotton bolls ; it has been reported as having been very destructive in Broach (Saunders). It is perhaps the same as the insect referred to by Dathie and Puller (“ Field and Garden Crops” )under the native name of swadi, 149. Gracilaria coffeifoliella Motsch (Plutellidae), « Said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon, but to do little or no damage te 164 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol. I, them. It thus differs from an allied species, Hlachista coffeella G. M., which is said to be very injurious to coffee (Coffea arabica) in the West Indies (Nietner). 150. Gracilaria thetvora Walsingham (Plutellidz).—Reported as attacking the tea plant (Camelia theifera) in Ceylon (Green). 151. Gelechia cerealella Oliv. (Plutellide).—The caterpillar of this moth has been reported as destructive to stored maize (Zea Mays) in the Himalayas. Itisa well known pest in the United States, where it does a cood deal of damage by tunneling into stored maize seed, 152. Setomorpha rutelia Zeller (Tineidee).—The caterpillar of this moth has proved destructive to bales of country blanketing in Caleutta. 153. Tinea pellionelia Linn. (Tineide).—The caterpillar of this moth is a minute creature that protects itself in a case much like the case made by Psychidae caterpillars, It has been noticed as very destructive to woollen material in Calcutta, It isa well-known pest in Hurope and America. 154. UnpDrTeRMINED MICROLEPIDOPTEROUS CATERPILLARS have been reported as follows :—(1) a minute Tineid caterpillar, which attacks stored dhan or unhusked rice (Oryza sativa) in Caleutta, spinning the rains to- gether into a web : (2)the caterpillars of a small undetermined moth, which has been supposed to be one of the Pyrales, reported as very injurious to the leaves and flowers of the mustard crop (Brassica) in Assam, where the insect is known as d/ur: (8) a minute caterpillar, said to attack the lentil plant (Aivum Lens): (4) aspecies of Tineina, said to tunnel into the fruit of Ficus Roxburghi in Caleutta (Cunningham). Diptera. 155. Cecedomyia oryee Wood-Mason (Cecidomyide).—A minute two-winged fly, reported as attacking paddy (Oryza sattva) in Monghyr. 156, Syrphus nietnert Schiner MS.; also Syrphus splendens Dolesch (Syrphidee).—The larvze of these flies are said to prey on the coffee louse (Aphis coffee) in Ceylon (Nietner). 157. ‘TRycoLtyea BomBycis Becher (Muscidz-Tachinz).—Parasitic on the mulberry and eri silk-worms of Bengal and Assam, It is much like a big house fly, and is most destructive in silk-rearing establishments, where it often destroys a large proportion of the sil:-worms. Closely allied forms have been reared from many species of eaterpillars in India, and they are believed to be about the most effectual check which exists for preventing the undue multiplication of defoliating caterpillars of all kinds. A very similar insect is parasitic on the locust of North-Western India (Aerzdium peregrinum). 168. Masicera grandis Bigot (Tachine),—A large fly, which is No. 6. ] A Conspectus of Insects. 165 parasitic on the caterpillars of the tusser silk-worm (Antheraa my- litta). 159. Phora cleghorni Bigot (Muscide),—A minute fly, said to destroy the larvee of the silk-worm Tachinid (Zrycolyga bombycis), which it attacks much in the way that the Tachinid attacks the silk caterpillar. 160, ANTHOMYIA PESHAWARENSIS Bigot (Muscidiez). Parasitic upon the eggs of the locust Acridium peregrinum. It is believed to have a considerable effect in keeping down the numbers of this locust in India. In appearance it is not unlike a very small house fly. 161. Oscinis thee Bigot (Muscide). The grubs of this minute fly are said to tunnel into the leaves of tea (Camellia theifera) bushes in Ceylon. They are not thought to do any appreciable damage. 162. Drosophila apicata Bigot (Muscide).—The grubs of this minute fly are said to attack the fruit of the grape vine (Vitis vinifera) in Bashahr. 163, Anthomyza coffee Nietner ( = A. cofferfolia Motsch).—The grubs of this fly are said to mine the leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon, where however they are not very common (Nietner). The insect is one of the Muscide. 164. Dacus ferrugineus Fabr. (Muscide,)—The grubs of this fly have been reported as doing considerable damage to mangoes (Mangi- fera indica) in Mozufferpore. When full grown, they are about the size of grains of boiled rice, and are to be found in the pulp of the fruit attacked by them. 165. Rinvellia persicae Bigot (Muscide).—The grubs of this fly have been reported as seriously interfering with the growth of peach (Prunus persica) fruit in Chota Nagpur. 166. Carpomya parctalina Bigot (Muscide).—This fly has been reported as most injurious to melon (Cucurbitacec) cultivation in Balu- chistan. Larve also, which may perhaps belong to the same species, have been reported as destructive to gourds (Cucurbitacee) in Berhampore. The grubs bore into the fruit and cause it to rot. RAYNCHOTA, 167. Canthecona furcellata Wolff. (Pentatomide).—A small active yellowish insect, reported to destroy tusser silk-worms (Antherea my- litta), and likely also to help in keeping down the numbers of defo- hating caterpillars. It is armed with a proboscis with which it trans- fixes its victims and sucks up their blood. 168. Aptnis concinna Dallas (Pentatomide).—Reported as attacking rabi crops in the North-West Provinces. 169. Stachia geometrica Motsch. MS.—Said to attack young coffee (Coffea arabica) berries in Ceylon (Nietner). 166 Indian Museum Notes. { Vol. If 170. Leprocorisa acura Thunb. (Coreide).—The rice sapper:—~A yellowish insect, about the size of a small wasp. It is most destructive to paddy (Oryza sativa). It sucks out the juices of the unripe grain and seriously interferes with the yield of the crop. As much as three quarters of the yield have been reported as sometimes destroyed by it. In parts of Bengal, the North-West Provinces, and Assam, it is said to be known as gandhi; in Tinnevelly it has been reported as mumju-vandu ; mm ~ Bankura as Goma; in Sylhet as mohwa ; while in Ceylon the Cinghalese name is said to be gayanmessz, and the Tamil name vandu. 171. Dysprxcus cinguLarus Fabr. (Lygzide).—A conspicuous red- coloured insect, about ‘the size of a wasp. It is said to be known as jkanga in Cawnpore. It has been reported as attacking cotton (Gossy- pium herbaceum) in Seringapatam, bottle gourds (Lagenaria vulgaris) in Cawnpore, and musk mallow (Hibzseus Abel moschus) and cabbages (Brassica oleracea) in Cossipore. It is closely allied to the species Dysdereus sutureldus, which is well known as a cotton pest in the United States. 172. Oxycarenus iugubris Motseh. (Lygeide).—This small black fly-like insect has been reported as attacking cotton (Gussypium herba- ceum) plants in Seringapatam and Ceylon. It is not unlike the destrue- tive Clinch bug (biissus lewcopterus) of America, 173. Lolita grandis Grey (Lyeeide).—Reported to attack cotton (Gossypium herbacewm) plants. It is said to be known as hapast-poka in Chuadanga, Nuddea (Atkinson). 174, Physopelia schlaubuschii Faby. (Lygeide).—Said to be known as kuti poka in Kushtea (Nuddea). Reported as attacking rice (Oryza sativa) plants (Atkinson). 175. Hetopnitis tun1ovora Moore (Capside).—Superficially very much like a mosquito, and hence generally known as the mosquate blight. It does a great deal of damage to tea (Camellia therfera) bushes in India, It chiefly attacks the tender shoots, which are the ones used in making tea ; and as it affects wide areas, it is a very formidable enemy of the tea trade. In Ceylon the mosquito blight, which attacks tea, has been referred to as Helopeltzs antonti Signoret, a species which has also been recorded as a formidable enemy to cacao (Theobroma Cacao) in that island ; while in Sikkim a closely allied or indentical species, which attacks cinchona, has been recorded under the name of Melopeltis febriculosa Bergroth, The three forms will probably prove to be identical, 176. Disphinetus humeralis Walker (Capside). A small insect, said to attack cinchona in Sikkim. It is not thought to be of any importance. 177. Hlata conspersa, Walker (Fulgoridz).—A small insect, reported as attacking tea (Camellia theifera) in the Mungledye district, Assam, It is not thought likely to be of any importance, No. 6. J A Conspectus of Insects. 167 178. Cutorita FLavuscuns Faby. (Jasside).—A small green insect, about the size of a house fly, which is known in Assam as the Jdlister blight and in Sikkim as the green fly blight. It attacks tea (Camellia theifera) bushes and damages the vitality of the leaves by sucking up their juices. It is said in some cases to do considerable damage. 179. Idiocerus niveosparsus Lethierry (Jasside).—A small green insect, much like the green fly blight of tea. It attacks the flowers of mango (Mangifera indica) trees, and is said to damage them to a serious extent, The closely allied species 7. c/ypealis Leth. and L. athinsonit Leth. have also been reported in the same connection. 180. Scuizonzura LaniceRA Hausmann (Aphide).—-A minute insect, known as American blight, which has been reported as exceedingly de- structive to apple (Pyrus Malus) trees in the Nilgiris and North-West Himalayas. The pestis a cosmopolitan one. It may be easily recognised by the peculiar knotty tumours which it raises on the branches and roots ‘of the trees attacked by it. 181. Lachnus fuliginosus Buckton (Aphide).—A minute insect, which has been reported as doing considerable damage to apricot (Pru. nus armeniaca), almond (Prunus communis), and peach (@runus persica) trees in Baluchistan. Itis found on the branches, which it is said to wound to such an extent as to cause them to bleed profusely, 182. Aphis coffee Nietner (Aphide).—A minute insect, known as the Coffee louse, which is said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). 183. Ceylonia theacola Buckton (Aphidz).—A minute insect, known as the Zea aphis, which is reported as attacking young tea (Camellia theifera) plauts in Ceylon (Green). 184, Pemphigus cinchone Buckton (Aphide)—A minute insect, found feeding on cinchona (Cinchona sp.) in Sikkim, but not noticed to do much damage. 185. Cerataphis sp. (Aphide).—A minute insect, said to attack cin- chona (cénchona sp.), in Sikkim, not hitherto noticed as} doing any parti- cular damage. 186, Aphis brassicae Linn. or an allied species (Aphida).—Is a minute insect, which has been reported as doine much mischief to the mustard (Brassica) crops in Hooghly. Itis likely to be the same as the Aphid which has been reported as attacking the mustard erop in Assam, where it is known by the Assamese as mowa or mewa. 187. Psylla isitis Buckton (Psyllide).—A minute insect, which forms galls on indigo (Indigofera tinctoria) plants. It was reported in 1890 as excessively destructive to indigo in Bengal. 188, Psylla cistellata Buckton (Psyllide)—A small black fly-like insect, reported as attacking the young shoots of mango (Mangifera 168 Indian Musewm Notes. [ Vol. II. indica) trees in Dehra. It causes the abortion of the young shoots. 189. Lecanium acuminatum Sign. (Coccide).—A minute scale-like insect, which has been reported as attacking mango (Mangifera indica) trees in Ceylon. 190. Lecanium coffee Nietner (Coccide).—A minute scale-like insect known as the scaly bug and said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) and- tea (Camellia theifera) in Ceylon. 191. Lecaniwm nigrum Nietner (Coccide).—Known as the Jdlack bug, and reported as occasionally found upon coffee (Coffea arabica) in Ceylon, Also as attacking the croton oil plant (Croton Tiglium) and ceara rubber (Wanthot Glaziovit). 192. Lecantum viripE Green (Coecide).—A minutes cale-like insect, known as the Green scale bvg. lt is reported to have proved very de- structive to coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in South India and Ceylon. It is also said to be found upon cinchona (Cinchona sp.), lime (Ccérus medica), orange (Citrus Aurantcum), and guava (Psidium Guava) plants, and occasionally on tea (Camellia theifera:. 198. Pseudococeus adontdum Linn. (Coccide).—Known as the white or mealy bug, said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). 194. Aspidiotus flavescens Green (Coccide).—Known as the gel- low bark louse, reported as attacking young tea (Camellia theifera) plants in Ceylon (Green). 195. Briochiton cajant Maskell (Coccide).—A scale insect, which has been reported as attacking the Cajanus indicus plant in Madras. 196. Chionaspis thee Maskell (Coccide).—A minute white scale in- sect, which has been reported as attacking tea (Camellia theifera) plants both in the Kangra valley and in Ceylon (= Aspidiotus thee Green). 197. Chionaspis aspidistre Signoret (Coccide).—Reported as do- ing considerable injury to suparee palms (Areca Catechu) in the Konkan. 198. AsPIDIOTUS DESTRUCTOR Signoret (Coccidz).—A minute insect, which to the naked eye looks like a mealy scurf on the leaves. It has been reported as extremely destructive to cocoanut (Cocos nucifera) palms, both in the Laccadive islands and in the Isle de la Réunion. It sucks up the juice of the leaves to such an extent as to sap the vitality of the trees and to destroy great numbers of them. 199. Aspidiotus thee Maskell (Coccidz),—Reported as attacking tea (Camellia theifera) plants both in the Kangra valley and in Ceylon. 200. Aspidiotus transparens Green. (Coccide).—-Said occasionally to attack tea (Camellia theifera) plants in Ceylon, where it has been designated the tvansparent scaled bark louse (Green). No. 6. J A Conspectus of Insects. 169 SS See 201. Dactylopius adonidum Linn. (Coccide).—Said to attack coffee (Coffea arabica), also a species of Cedreda, several species of Micus, and other trees in Mysore. 202. Daetylopius cocotis Maskell (Coccide).—A minute insect, with white cottony secretion. It attacks the leaves of cocvanut (Cocos nuci- jera) trees in the Laccadive islands, but is not thought to do much damage. 203. Pseudo-puloinaria sikkimensis Atkinson.—-Said to attack cin- chona (Chinchona sp.) in Sikkim, but not thought to do any serious damage. ORTHOPTERA. Acridide., 204, AcRIDIUM PrREGRINUM Oliv. (the locust of North-West - India) .—Periodically invades the fertile plains of India from its home in the sandy plains of Rajputana, Sind, and the Punjab. It is also pre- valent throughout the whole of South-Eastern Asia and Northern Africa, The full-grown inseet is a big thick-set grasshopper, with short antenna. When it first acquires its wings it is salmon pink in colour, but as it gets older it becomes at first yellowish and afterwards dull purple in tint. It forms vast flights, which are sometimes thick enough to hide the sun from sight as they pass in the air. The young are little black and yellow wingless grasshoppers which emerge from the eggs that are laid in the ground. The insect feeds voraciously thronghout the whole of its existence, and both in its wingless and winged stages does much damage to green standing crops of all kinds over wide areas inIndia. It also attacks the foliage of trees, and in fact almost every kind of green plant. 205. Acripium succinctum Linn.—There is evidence to show that this is the insect which did most of the damage to standing crops in the Deccan and Konkan in the Bombay locust invasion of 1882-83. It is the locust which was reported in the Fatua district in 1877, and which has since been reported as destructive to crops in Murshidabad. It is superficially much like derzdium peregrinum, but belongs to the damper and more fertile regions of India. 206. Acridium melanocorne Serv.—One of the Acridide reported in connection with the Madras locust invasion of 1878. 207. Acridium aruginosum Burm,.—One of the Acrididx reported in connection with the Madras locust invasion of 1878. It has recently been reported to have appeared in the Vizagapatam and Cuddapah districts. 208. Caloptenus erubescens Walker, and C. caliginosus Moore.—Two of the Acrididz reported in connection with the Bombay locust invasion 170 Indian Museum Notes. { Vol. II. of 1882-83. A species of Caloptenus also has been reported amongst other Acridide as mpping off young chir (Pzmus longifoliz) plants in the North-West Provinces. 209. Cyrtacanthaeris ranacea Stoll.—One of the Acridide reported in connection with the Bombay locust invasion of 1882-83. 210. Oxya furcifera Serv.—One of the Acridide reported in con- nection with the Bombay locust invasion of 1882-83. 211. Oxya velox Burm.—One of the Acrididz reported in connection with the damage done by so-called locusts in Ganjam in 1891. It was also similarly reported in the same district in 1890. 212. Puchytylus cinerascens Fabr.—This well-known migratory locust of the Palearctic zone was reported amongst other Acrididz, both in connection with the Madras locust invasion of 1878, and also in con- nection with the damage said to have been done by locusts in Ganjam in 1890. 218. Crorogonus sp.—A small thick-set, brown grasshopper, whieh seems to be very destructive to young crops of all kinds. It bites off the young plants as soon as they appear above the ground, Specimens of it have been sent to the Museum from numerous places, and it has been reported as follows :— (1) as doing extensive injury in Budaon to young indigo (Jndigo- fera tinctoria) plants; also attacking such crops as mash (Phaseolus radtatus), hajra (Pennisetum typhoideum), til (Sesamum indicum), and lobia (Vigna Cateang) : (2) as destructive in Monghyr to opium (Papaver somniferum), indigo (Indigofera tinctoria), and rabi crops generally ; in this district it was said to be known as fatinga or gaduhya : (3) as doing considerable damage in Umballa to wheat (Zretceum sativum), varley (Hordeum vulgare), linseed (Linum usita- tissimum), and rape-seed (Brassica glauca) : (4) as associated with other Acridide in doing considerable damage to indigo (fndigofera tinctoria) in the North-West Provinces, where the insect was said to be known locally as gadhao: (5) as associated with other Acridide in nipping off young cher (Pinus longifolia) plants in the North-West Provinces. 214. Catantops axillaris Sauss.— Reported as attacking young paddy (Oryza sativa) plants in Howrah, where, with other Acrididm, it is said to be known as Aatforing. An allied species, identified by Dr. de Saussure as Calantops indicus, has been reported as one of the Acridide which nip off young chir (Pinus longifolia) plants in the North-West Provinces. 215. Hdalus marmoratus Linn.—Reported, with other Acrididz, as defoliating sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plants in Cawnpore. Species of @daius also have been reported both amongst the Acrididz No. 6. J A Conspectus of Insects. 171 which nip off young chir (Pinus longifolia) plants in the North-West Provinces, and also amongst the so-called locusts which did some damage in Ganjam in 1390. 216. Bpacromia dorsalis Thunb.—Reported as attacking youne kharif crops in the Upper Sind Frontier district ; also reported as injurious in Ganjam. 217. Pacrlocera picta Faby.—Reported as injuring young crops in Jhalawad Prant, Kathiawar, where it was said to be known as khapeda, 218. Pecilocera hieroglyphica Klug.—Reported as attacking sugar- cane (Saccharum officinarum) in Cawnpore, where, like other Acridide, it was known as bhunga or aukphutta, 219. Phymateus punctatus Kabr.—Said to attack crops of all kinds in Ceylon, occasionally doing some damage to coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes (Nietner). 220. Heteropternis sp,—Reported as destructive to young kharif crops in the Upper Sind Frontier district, where it was known a khapedi. 221. HisRoGLYPHUS FURCIFeR Sauss.—Reported as destructive to crops in the Rajpipla state, and in the Panch Mahals, Broach, and Thana districts in the Bombay presidency ; also in the Sambalpur district in the Central Provinces, and in the Kolhapur state, Bombay. Young paddy (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea Mays) were specially noticed amongst the crops attacked. It was also one of the so-called locusts which were reported in Ganjam in 1590, 222. Tryvalis turrita Linn.—Reported amongst other Acridide in connection with the Madras locust invasion of 1878, also with the injury done by so-called /oeusts in Ganjam both in 1890 and 1891. 223. Atractomorpha crenulata Faby.—Reported amongst other Acri- didz in connection with the damage done by so-called locusts in Ganjam in 1891. 224. Mecopoda sp.—kreported amongst other Acridide in connection with the Madras locust invasion of 1878, 225. Huprepocnemis bramina Sauss.— Reported as destructive to young paddy (Oryza sativa)and small millet (Panicum multare) in the Central Provinces ; also reported as one of the Acrididz which proved injurious in Ganjam in 1891. A species of Luprepocnemis also has been forwarded with other Acrididz as attacking paddy (Oryza sativa) in Howrah ; while an allied insect was reported as concerned in the Madras locust invasion of 1878. 226. Undetermined Acridide have been reported as follows :— (1) a locust known as the hakotiphoring, or paper grasshopper, reported to have donea good deal of damage to crops in the Nowgong district, Assam, in 1879; it has been suggested 172 Indian Museum Notes. [ Vol. I, that the insect may have been the species Phymateus miliaras Linn., which is said to be common in the Khasia hills ; this however requires confirmation : (2) msects deseribed as “ much like locusts, but green in colour with longitudinal black stripes”’, which are reported to have done much damage to green paddy (Oryza sativa) in Orissa in 1887: - (3) an insect, described by Mr. Bidie under the name of Locusta coffee, but trom the figure obviously an Acridid, said occasion- ally to defoliate coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in South India. Gryllide. 227. Schizodactylus monstruosus Drury.—An enormous mole cricket, reported as injuring young tobaceo (Nicotiana Tabacum), and other crops growing on high ground in Durbhunga, by cutting their roots, The local name given for the insect was bherwa. 228. Gryllotalpa sp—Said to injure opium (Papaver sommiferum) plants by cutting them off when they are considerably advanced in growth (Scott). 229. Acheta sp.—Said to injure young opium (Papaver somniferum) plants (Scott). PSEUDONEUROPTERA. Termitide. 230. Termes TAPROBANKS Walker.—The common white ant of Lower Bengal. Very destructive to inferior timber and other dried vegetable matter, also attacking young and unhealthy plants. It is likely to be the species which has been reported as injuring sugareane (Saccharum officinarum) in Cawnpore, and the tea (Camellia theifera) plants in Lohardug gah. 231. Zermes fatalis Konig.—Said occasionally to attack coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon, but to do littie damage to them (Nietner). 232. Termes sp.—Said occasionally to damage tea (Camellia Thea) plants in Ceylon (Green). Thripsida. %33. Thrips sp.— Minute black winged insects, reported as severely injuring the turmerie (Curcuma longa) plant in Madras, where the local nameis said tobe sutta thegulu. An undetermined species of Thrips has also been said to attack the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) in Behar, where it was known locally as ¢/z or dedi (Scott). Another species has been found to damage the leaves of the tea (Camellia theifera) plant in Ceylon—(Green). No. 6. ] A Conspectus of Insects. 173 |NEUROPTERA. Myrmeleontide. 234. Micromus australis Hagen.—An ant lion said to attack the coffee louse (Aphis coffee) mm Ceylon (Nietner). ACARINA = MITES. 235, Trrranycuus Blocutatus Wood-Mason.—The red spider of tea planters, a red mite not unlike a small spider in appearance, which attacks the leaves of tea (Camellia theéfera) bushes both in India and Ceylon, often seriously interfering with the yield of tea. 236. Tetranychus sp.—Said to do much damage to stored poppy (Papaver somniferum) seed in Behar (Scott). 237. Lyphlodromus carinatus Green, or the five-rabbed tea-mite.— Said to attack the leaves of tea (Camellia theifera) bushes in Ceylon - (Green). 238. Acarus coffee Nietner.—Said to attack the leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica) bushes in Ceylon (Nietner). 239. Acarus sp.—Said to injure the leaves of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) in Behar (Scott). 240. Acarus translucens (Nietner), or the Yellow tea mite——By Green said to attack young tea (Camellia theifera) snoots in Ceylon; by Nietner thought to prey on some of the Scale insects which attack coffee (Coffea arabica) in Ceylon. 174 Indian Museum Notes. { Vol. II. L—Table to show the Agricultural Plants and Produce reporled as attacked by insects in India. [The name of the plant is followed by the serial numbers of the insects which attack it. | Avena sativa (Oat) 1238, 129. B4jra, see Pennisetum typhoideum. Barley, see Hordewm vulgare. Bottle Gourd, see Lagenaria vulgaris. Brassica glauca (Rape Seed) 118, 213. Brassica oleracea (Cabbage) 171. Brassica sp. (Mustard) 129, 132, 154, 186. Brinjal, see Solanwm Melongena. Cabbage, see Brassica oleracea. Cacao, see Zheobroma Cacao. Cajanus indicus (Tur) 50, 119, 182, 195. Camellia theifera (Tea) 8, 64, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, 111, 113, 114, 118, 129, 135, 146, 150, 161, 175, 177, 178, 1838, 190, 192, 194, 196, 199, 200, 201, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 240. Cannabis sativa (Hemp) 120. Cardamom, see Hlettaria Cardamomum. Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower) 132. Castor-oil, see Ricinus communis. Cholum, see Sorghum vulgare. Cicer arietinum (Gram) 65, 89, 105, 129,131. Chinchona sp. 95, 175, 176, 184, 185, 192, 203. Coffea arabica (Coffee) 9, 10, 36, 54, 69, 70, 94, 102, 108, 108, 115, 116, 127, 128, 138, 134, 147, 149, 163, 169, 182, 190, 191, 192, 193, 219,|226, 238, 240. Corchorus sp. (Jute) 110, 132. Cotton, see Gossypium herbaceum. Cucumber, see Cucumis sativus. Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) 65. Cucurbitaceee 65, 71, 166. Curcuma longa (Turmeric) 233. Dolichos Lablab (Sembi) 120, 145. Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) 83. Browm Lens (Uentil) 125, 154. Gingelly, see Seswmum indicum. Gossypium herbaceum (Cotton) 16, 65, 120, 138, 148, 171, 172, 173. Gram, see Cicer arietinum. Hemp, see Cannabis sativa. Hordeum vulgare (Barley) 129, 132, 213. Indigofera tinctoria (Indigo) 67, 187, 218. Ipomea Batatas (Sweet Potato) 37. Jowar, see Sorghum vulgare. Jute, see Corchorus sp. Kharif crops generally 216, 220. Khesari, sce Lathyrus sativus. Lagenaria vulgaris (Bottle gourd) 171. Lathyrus sativus (Khesari) 120, 129. Leguminose generally 120, 132, Lentil, see Hrvwm Lens. Linseed, see Linum usitatissimum. Linum usitatissimum (Linseed) 23, 89; 129, 213. Lobia, see Vigna Catiang. Maize, see Zea Mays. Mash, see Phaseolus radiatus. Mustard (Brassica sp.) 129, 132,154, 186. Nicotiana Tabacum (Tobacco) 19, 227. Oat, see Avena sativa. Oryza sativa (Rice) 11, 19, 27, 48, 63, 65s 68, 92, 106, 118, 119, 120, 128, 124, 132, 140, 144, 154, 155, 170, 174, 214, 221, 225, 226. Panicum miliare (Small Millet) 225. Papaver somniferum (Poppy) 18, 19, 30 35, 53, 120, 129, 180, 213, 228, 229, 233, 236, 239. Pea, see Pisum sativum. Pennisetum typhoidewm (Bajra) 218. Phaseolus radiatus (Mash) 213. Pisum sativum (Pea) 51, 128, 129. Poppy, see Papaver sommferwm. Potato, see Solanwin tuberosum. Rabi crops generally 118, 120, 168. Rape seed, see Brassica glauca. Rice, see Oryza sativa. Ricinus communis (Castor-oil) 110, 119. Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) 44, 89, 119, 186, 137, 215, 218, 230. Safflower, see Carthamus tinetorius. Sembi, see Dolichos Lablab. Sesamum indicum (Gingelly) 109, 213. Small Millet, see Panicum miliare. Solanum Melongena (Brinjal) 71, 119, 137. Solanum tuberosum (Potato) 72, 129, 132. Sorghum vulgare (jowar or cholum) 4, 20, 26. ; Standing crops generally 108, 110, 117; 120, 128, 129, 132, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 221, 222, 228, 224, 220, 226, Sugarcane, see Saccharum officinarum. Sweet potato, see Ipomea Batatas. — Ee ee ee ee A -_ s No. 6. ] A Conspectus of Insects. 175 Tea, see Camellia theifera. Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) 107, 175. Tobacco, see Nicotiana Tabacum. Trapa bispinosa (Water Caltrop) 65, Triticum sativum (Wheat) 3, 6, 20, 28, 27, 129, 132, 144, 213. Turmeric, see Curcwma longa. Tur, see Cajanus indicus. Vigna Catiang (Uobia), 213. Vine, see Vitis vinifera. Vitis vinifera (Vine) 162. Water Caltrop, see Trapa bispinosa. Wheat, see Diiticwm sativum. Zea Mays (Maize) 137, 151, 221, IT.—Table to show the Forest and Frutt Trees and their Produce reported as attacked by Insects in India, {The name of the tree is followed by the serial numbers of the insects which attack it. ] Acacia Catechw (Khair) 15, 58. Almond, see Prunus communis. Apple, see Pyrus Malus. Apricot, see Prunus armeniaca. Areca Catechu (Suparee Palm) 197, Bambusa sp. (Bamboo) 21. Bombax malabaricum (Cotton tree) 61, 121. . Buk, see Quercus lamellosa. Butea frondosa (Dhak) 33, 56. Ceara Rubber, see Manihot Glaziovii. Cedrela Toona (Toon) 141. Charcoal tree, see Sponia orientalis. Citrus Aurantium, (Orange) 90, 96, 192. Citrus decumana (Pummalo). 143. Citrus medica (Lemon) 90, 148, 192. Cocoanut, see Cocos nucifera, Cocos nucifera (Cocoanut) 12, 28, 38, 59, 91, 198, 202. Cotton tree, see Bombax malabaricum. Date, see Phenix dactylifera. Dead wood generally, 230. Deal, see Pinus. Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii (Hill Bamboo) 29. Dhak, see Butew frondosa. Eryobotrya japonica (Loquat) 87. Lrythrina suberosa (Roongra) 61. Picus Roxburghii (Fig.) 154, Gall-nut tree, see Terminalia Chetula 2 Guava, see Psidium Guava. Hill Bamboo, see Dendrocalamus Hamil- tonti. Hill Oak, see Quercus, Jingham, see Odina Wodier. Khair, see Acacia catechu, Lemon, see Citrus medica, Loquat, see Lryobotrya Japonica. Mahogany, see Swietenia Mahagoni. Mangifera indica (Mango) 17, 31, 104, 112, 139, 164, 179, 188, 189, Manihot Glaziovii (Ceara Rubber) 191, Moringa pterygosperma (Soangna) 61, Morus (Mulberry) 382, 126, Mulberry, see Morus. Odina Wodier (Jingham) 56. Orange, see Citrus Aurantium. Peach, see Prunus persica, Phenix dactylifera (Date) 428, Pinus excelsa 46. Pinus longifolia (Chir) 17, 32, 49, 208, 213, 214. Pinus sp. (Deal) 58. Pomegranate, see Punica Granatum. Poplar, see Populus euphratica, Populus euphratica (Poplar) 17, 93. Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) 181. Prunus communis (Almona) 181. Prunus persica (Peach) 165, 181, Pyrus Malus (Apple) 180. Psidium Guava (Guava) 22, 87, 96, 192. Pummalo, see Citrus decumana, Luniea Granatum ( Pomegranate) 87, 142, Quercus incana 49, Quercus Lamellosa (Buk) 118. Quercus pachyphylla 42, Quercus sp. (Hill Oak) 7, 45. Roongra, see Brythrina suberosa, Saj, see Terminalia tomentosa, Sal, see Shorea robusta. Salix tetrasperma (Wild Willow) 60. Sandalwood, see Santalum album, Santalum album (Sandalwood) 25, 94, Shorea robusta (SAl)13, 41, 49, 55, 56; 57, 99,111, 118, Sponia orientalis (Charcoal tree) 96, Soangna, Moringa pterygosperma, Supari Palm, see Areca Catechu, Swietenia Mahagoni (Mahogany) 40, 106. Lamarindus indica (Tamarind) 52, Teak, see Tectona grandis, Tectona grandis (Teak) 14, 57, 58, 62, 96, 132. Lerminalia Chebula ? (Gall-nut tree) 97, Lerminalia tomentosa (Saj) 57. Toon, see Vedrela Toona, Wild Willow, see Salia tetrasperma. 176 — Til.—Table to. show the miscellaneous products reported as attache ansects in India. [The name of each product is followed by the serial numbers of the insects wen ; attack it.] Beer Casks 43, 44. Convolvulacese 66. Croton Tiglium (Croton-oil plant) 191. Crocus sativus (Saffron) 19. Garden plants 123. Hibiscus Abelmoschus (Musk Mallow) 171. Hibiscus, sp. 34. Kibu, see Strobilanthes pectinatus. Lagerstremia indica 97. Leather 5. Musk Mallow, see eativeas Abelmoschus. Catcutta, 17th May 1892. Govt. of India Central Printing Office.—No. 103 R. & A.—8-2-93.—1,5050.—P.. : Indian Museum Notes. Officiating Deputy Superintendent Indian Muse [ Vol. Rosa sp. (Rose bushes) 97. a Saffron, see Crocus sativus. ; Ships’ Biscuit 4, 20, 24. : Silk Cocoons 5. a Silk-worms 76, 157, 158, 167. ‘i Strobilanthes pectinatus (Kibu) 39. a ay ‘ Warehouse goods 8, 4, 5, 6, 18 19, 20, | . 27, 80, 50, 51, 52, 151, 152, 153, 230, 236. ¥ Woollen material 152, 153. E. C. COTES, i Mh Wy Me